PMID- 7290330 TI - [An anterior communicating artery aneurysm complicated by chronic subdural hematoma--a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 53-year-old housewife was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University on June 6, 1980, because of disorientation, urinary incontinence and left hemiparesis. She had experienced "a fit of severe headache" many times for five years. On May 12, 1980, she experienced an abrupt, severe headache in a lavatory and was immediately brought to a nearby hospital. Her symptom was recovered gradually for a week but she experienced sudden onset of severe headache again on May 20. Subsequently, her state of consciousness gradually worsened and left sided hemiparesis arose. On admission, cerebral angiograms revealed an aneurysm of an anterior communicating artery and a subdural hematoma over the right hemisphere. On the third hospital day, radical operation was performed by bifrontal craniotomy. Neck of aneurysm was ligated and clipped successfully and dark brownish semiliquid contents of chronic subdural hematoma was evacuated. The lacerated portion of arachnoid with some distance from the aneurysm was observed and subarachnoid hemorrhage was thought to enter subdural space through this portion. Post-operative course was uneventful. Nine cases of intracranial aneurysms complicated by chronic subdural hematoma were reported previously, but an anterior communicating artery aneurysm case was not in these cases. We have some discussion about cerebral aneurysms complicated by chronic subdural hematoma, especially about the pathogenesis of chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 7290331 TI - [Unilateral exophthalmos with intraorbital foreign body, developed 4 years after injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290332 TI - [Multiple subdural abscess including one in the interhemisphere (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290333 TI - [A case of solitary cranial tumor in myelomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290334 TI - [A case of primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma (author's transl)]. AB - A primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma is reported in a 51-year-old female. She noticed progressive weakness of the left leg in September 1977 and underwent craniotomy for a brain tumor in Tokyo Metropolitan Okubo General Hospital. At the operation the tumor was located on the medial aspect of the right frontal lobe, being attached to the falx. The tumor was 6.0 x 5.0 x 4.0cm in size and subtotally removed. Shortly after operation, she developed a left-sided hemiplegia and was referred to our Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center. During rehabilitation she developed disturbance in recent memory, orientation and speaking. A second operation was done in June 1978, revealing obvious recurrence. A well demarcated extramedullary gray and soft tumor, 7.0 x 5.0 x 3.5cm in size, was found in the previously operated site, being attached to the falx. It was subtotally again. Following surgery her clinical condition was temporally improved. Four months following surgery, however, she developed signs of increased intracranial pressure and died in October 1978 in spite of having chemotherapy and irradiation. Autopsy was not permitted. The tumor was diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma with light and electron microscopies and several investigation revealed no primary lesion in elswhere except for the cranium. The histological documentation is also presented and discussed. PMID- 7290335 TI - [Blow-out fracture--multiprojection CT findings in three cases and their relation to postoperative recovery of impaired eye movements (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290336 TI - [Follow-up study of the giant aneurysm by CT scan after unilateal carotid ligation (author's transl)]. AB - We report a rare case of giant aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, which was followed up by CT scan after unilateral carotid ligation. A 50-year-old female visited our clinic complaining of headache and visual disturbance. Neurological examination revealed bitemporal hemianopsia and loss of visual acuity. A giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm was found on right carotid angiograms. After ligation of the right common carotid artery, the aneurysm was reduced in size. Three weeks later, however, it ruptured and the patient died two months later. Autopsy showed the ruptured dome of the aneurysm. The wall of the sac lacked elastic fibers. It was considered that after carotid ligation the wall of the dome was pressed directly by the remaining blood flow, and the aneurysmal rupture was caused. We should give care to the aneurysm after carotid ligation. PMID- 7290337 TI - [Congenital arteriovenous malformation of the scalp--report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290338 TI - Effect of androgen on sexual differentiation of synaptic organization in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: an ontogenetic study. AB - Wistar female rats were treated with 1.25 mg testosterone propionate (TP) on day 5 (day of birth = day 1). The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) in the brains of normal and neonatally TP-treated (androgenized) females was examined ultrastructurally at 6, 10, 20, 45 and 100 days of age. Axodendritic shaft and spine synapses were counted in a field of 10,000 micrometer2 of the neuropil in the middle part of the ARCN in each brain. The mean numbers of shaft and spine synapses both in normal and androgenized females increased from days 6 to 45, and reached a plateau by day 45. The mean number of shaft synapses in androgenized females was not significantly different from that in normal controls at each age. No significant difference in the number of spine synapses between normal and androgenized rats was seen 1 day after TP administration (sacrificed at 6 days of age). However, the incidence of spine synapses in androgenized females 5 days after TP injection (sacrificed at 10 days of age) was significantly smaller than that in the controls. This tendency became much clearer during the course of postnatal development. Since the synaptic organization of the ARCN in normal adult males is quite homologous to that observed in the androgenized adult females in the present study, it is suggested that androgen given neonatally is responsible for sexual differentiation of the synaptic pattern in the ARCN and that this synaptic difference develops from the early postnatal period. PMID- 7290339 TI - Electrical responses of pineal cells to thyroid hormones and parathormone. A microelectrophoretic study. AB - The effects of microelectrophoretic application of thyroxin, thyrocalcitonin and parathormone on pineal cells of urethane anesthetized guinea pigs were evaluated. A total of 162 cells were tested with thyroxin, 122 of these units also being subjected to the microelectrophoresis of the indolamine melatonin. 68 cells were excited by the administration of thyroxin, 63 were inhibited while the remaining cells did not respond. 79% of the cells tested with both thyroxin and melatonin responded in a similar way to two substances. The responses to thyroxin varied significantly depending on whether the cells were tested during the day or at night. 104 pineal cells were tested with thyrocalcitonin, 20 U exhibiting an increased firing frequency, 58 showing an inhibitory response and the remaining 26 being unresponsive. Parathormone was applied to 64 pineal cells. Of the 43 cells responding to the hormone, 29 were excited and 14 showed decreased activity. In general, these results suggest that pineal cells may be subject to feedback control by the hormones of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. PMID- 7290340 TI - Connections of medial preoptic neurons with the median eminence and amygdala. An electrophysiological study in the rat. AB - An electrophysiological investigation was conducted on the connection of medial preoptic neurons with the median eminence and the basal and corticomedial amygdala in pentobarbital anesthesized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Of 411 medial preoptic neurons tested with median eminence stimuli, antidromic responses (mean latency 11.4 +/- SEM 0.4 ms) identified 177 cells as tuberoinfundibular neurons. Most were located in the periventricular area; 21 cells were in the area of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Axon conduction velocities ranged between 0.01 and 0.9 m/s. 16 neurons displayed two distinct antidromic latencies when the median eminence stimulus was increased above threshold, indicating that their axons may branch in the region of the median eminence. Following suprathreshold stimulation, only 10% of spontaneously active neurons displayed features to suggest activation of a recurrent inhibitory pathway. In response to amygdala stimulation, 23% of tuberoinfundibular neurons displayed an orthodromic response; most (80%) responded with an increase in excitability after a latency of 21.6 +/- 2.4 ms; the remainder displayed a decrease in excitability at latencies of 20-28 ms lasting in excess of 100 ms. These data suggest an additional neural pathway whereby the amygdala can influence neuroendocrine regulation, i.e. through its actions on the excitability of medial preoptic tuberoinfundibular neurons. PMID- 7290342 TI - A clinical and histological study of Ullrich's disease (congenital atonic sclerotic muscular dystrophy). AB - Clinical characteristics recognized in five cases with Ullrich's disease included muscle weakness and wasting, striking contracture of proximal (sclerotic) joints and hyperflexibility of distal (atonic) joints since an early infantile stage, and slowly progressive course. The biopsied muscles demonstrated myopathic changes including a remarkable variation in fiber size, notably proliferated endomysial connective tissue, increased myofibers with centralized nuclei and a few necrotic fibers with active phagocytosis. On histochemical examination, no specific intracytoplasmic structural abnormalities such as nemaline bodies, cores and myotubes were recognized. Although both type 1 and 2 fibers were distributed in checkerboard pattern in most muscle fascicles, type 1 fiber predominance or type 2 fiber deficiency was common in severely damaged muscles, suggesting the presence of some kind of neural influence exerting on the myopathic process as the disease progressed. Since it still remains uncertain whether this disorder belongs to the muscular dystrophies, or to other neuromuscular or mesodermal diseases, we would rather label it Ullrich's disease then Ullrich's muscular "dystrophy" until its pathogenesis becomes clear. PMID- 7290341 TI - Presence of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone in the rat forebrain. AB - This study demonstrates the presence of immunoreactive LH in rat brain by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. High levels of radioimmunoassayable LH were identified in the hypothalamus, while significant but lesser quantities were found in the amygdala, septal area, preoptic area, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and hippocampus. Correlative immunocytochemistry localized immunopositive fibers in hypothalamic and several extrahypothalamic brain structures. Immunoreactive cell bodies were seen in colchicine-treated rats in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Gel chromatography of hypothalamic extracts revealed that immunoassayable LH coeluted with LH standard and rat pituitary extracts. Possible mechanisms related to the origin and functional neuronal LH are discussed. PMID- 7290343 TI - Sensory ganglioneuropathy in infantile spinal muscular atrophy. Light and electronmicroscopic findings in two cases. AB - Light and electronmicroscopic findings in two cases. Neuropediatrics 12: 215-31 (1981). Two cases of infantile spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease) are described in unrelated children deceased at 11 months (acute clinical onset at 6 months) and 2 years (onset at birth). Severe respiratory difficulties, hypotonia, muscular weakness and depressed tendon reflexes were the main clinical features. Bulbar palsy, bilateral ptosis, pale optic discs and atactic movements of the hands were observed in the child deceased at 11 months. Besides severe loss of anterior horn cells and neurogenic muscle atrophy there was evidence of an extensive sensory involvement in both cases. Shrinkage, vacuolation as well as chromatolytic changes of dorsal root ganglion cells, together with the evidence of a primary axonal damage in sural nerve biopsies were interpreted in terms of ganglioneuropathy of the primary sensory neurons. An invasion of fibrous astrocytes into dorsal roots constituted another striking anomaly in one case as well as a pronounced degeneration of cranial nerves V and VIII in the other case, a finding not hitherto reported in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. PMID- 7290344 TI - Studies on the Brazelton neonatal behavioural assessment scale. AB - The Brazelton neonatal behavioural assessment scale was applied in 120 healthy full-time newborn infants. Interobserver reliability on day 5 (n = 20), test retest reliability on day 4-5 (n = 20), and correlations between examinations on day 1 and day 5 (n = 80) were studied with regard to individual and grouped items (subscale) in the test. The over-all interobserver reliability generally seemed to be satisfactory, but low estimates of test-retest reliability were obtained for many items. Items assessing orientation capacity and regulation of state showed better test-retest stability when the predominate states were identical on both occasions. Some subscales were significantly related to parity, sex, birthweight, and age in hours at examination. PMID- 7290345 TI - Diagnosing hydrocephalus in infants by ultrasound sector scanning through the open fontanelles. A study comparing ultrasound-sonography and CAT-scan. PMID- 7290346 TI - Aicardi's syndrome - report of an autopsy case. AB - A Japanese girl aged 19 months had generalized convulsions, agenesis of the corpus callosum, peculiar chorioretinopathy, scoliosis and marked retardation of psychomotor development. Pathological investigation revealed polymicrogyria, cortical heterotopias, disorganization of the cerebellar cortex. In ocular histopathology, lacunae were composed of hypo- or depigmented zones of the retinal pigment epithelium accompanied with dispersion of pigments into the rod and cone layer. Coloboma of the optic nerve was also evident. There was no evidence of inflammation or pathogenic organisms. PMID- 7290347 TI - The effect of propranolol and its isomers on Purkinje neurones in rat cerebellum. PMID- 7290348 TI - Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on central neurones antagonized by bicuculline and picrotoxin. PMID- 7290349 TI - Effect of gamma-vinyl GABA on bicuculline-induced seizures. PMID- 7290350 TI - The effects of antidepressants on the retention and metabolism of [3H] norepinephrine in rat brain slices. PMID- 7290351 TI - Contribution of social factors to opiate-induced activation in the mouse. PMID- 7290352 TI - Properties of the optical isomers and metabolites of ketamine on the high affinity transport and catabolism of monoamines. PMID- 7290353 TI - The effect of frusemide, piretanide and bumetanide on cochlear succinic dehydrogenase. PMID- 7290354 TI - Effect of depressant drugs on ECoG and on glutamate and ACh-excited cortical neurones in rats. PMID- 7290355 TI - Pharmacological analysis of the myoclonus induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan in the guinea pig suggests the presence of multiple 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the brain. PMID- 7290356 TI - Influence of cathinone (alpha-aminopropiophenone) and cathine (phenylpropanolamine) on circling behavior and on the uptake and release of [3H]dopamine in striatal slices of rats. PMID- 7290357 TI - Effects of phencyclidine on synaptosomal dopamine continuously appearing from phenylalanine: sensitivity to reserpine. PMID- 7290358 TI - Ethanol-induced modification of sensory evoked potentials recorded from the caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, and pineal. PMID- 7290359 TI - Effects of morphine and naloxone on the responses to noxious stimulation of neurones in the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis. PMID- 7290360 TI - The anorexic effect of naltrexone is independent of its suppressant effect on water intake. PMID- 7290361 TI - Adenosine triphosphate increases survival time during hypoxia. PMID- 7290362 TI - The action of iontophoretically applied acetylcholine and dopamine on single claustrum neurones in the cat. PMID- 7290363 TI - The effect of the potent opiate agonist etorphine on local energy metabolism in the isolated perfused rat brain. PMID- 7290364 TI - [Description of the organisation of a sector of child psychiatry in the University Hospital of St. Etienne (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290365 TI - [Some observations on children with leucoses and their parents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290366 TI - [Recent findings in the management of parents of premature babies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290367 TI - [The cerebral-palsied child: irreversible history? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290368 TI - [Observations on an experience of admission of mother and infant to a paediatric ward (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290369 TI - [Encopresis: an unmentionable gift, an unacknowledged aggression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290370 TI - [The application of family therapy in an acute situation of threat of suicide in an adolescent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290371 TI - [Evaluation scales. II. Infantile autism]. PMID- 7290372 TI - [The pituicytes in the normal and dehydrated rats: an electron-microscope study including ZIO-impregnation]. PMID- 7290373 TI - [Effect of hemodynamic disorders on the development of brain and pulmonary edema in experimental hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7290374 TI - [Case of extensive spinal cord necrosis of probable inflammatory etiology]. PMID- 7290375 TI - [Glycerophospholipid metabolism regulation in the brain under normal conditions and in anoxia]. PMID- 7290376 TI - [Ultrastructural studies of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system of rats after hypothermic stress]. PMID- 7290377 TI - [Characteristics of morphological changes in the thalamus of PT rabbits]. PMID- 7290378 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural picture of organotypic culture of the cerebellum after exposure to methylnitrosourea]. PMID- 7290379 TI - [Effect of ethylnitrosourea poisoning on the fatty acid content of myelin lipids]. PMID- 7290380 TI - [A histochemical investigation on the distribution of lead in juvenile roots of Zea mays L.: a lightmicroscopic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290381 TI - Effect of estradiol on the Harderian gland in male domestic duckling. PMID- 7290382 TI - Effect of sex-hormones on the uropygial gland of the female domestic duckling. PMID- 7290383 TI - [Photographic models in the study and evaluation of silver reactions in histology. IV: Variation of the transmission in densitometric step tablet treated with photographic reducers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290384 TI - [Anesthesiology today]. PMID- 7290385 TI - [Anesthesia problems in children with cleft lip, maxilla and palate]. AB - The technical and physiopathological problems associated with labiomaxillopalatine schisis in children are discussed. Personal experience, involving the choice of a type of anaesthesia based on the use of an analgesic (pentazocine), and the exclusion of halogenated anaesthetics in most cases, is reported. Stress is laid on the simplicity of the technique. Coupled with careful intraoperative monitoring, it has enabled this type of surgery to be handled both serenely and successfully. PMID- 7290386 TI - [The use of a drug combination in anesthesia for voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Medical considerations and social and economic repercussions]. PMID- 7290387 TI - [Need for quality control in blood gas analysis]. PMID- 7290388 TI - [Cancer of the lung. Lobectomy as the operation of choice]. PMID- 7290389 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux using the Nissen operation]. PMID- 7290390 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux. The modified Toupet technic]. PMID- 7290391 TI - [Surgical treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer. Conservative operations or destructive operations?]. PMID- 7290392 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 7290393 TI - [Treatment of aorto-iliac obstructive arteriopathy. Thromboendarterectomy operations]. PMID- 7290395 TI - [Longitudinal myotomy of the sigmoid]. PMID- 7290394 TI - [Surgical treatment of diverticulosis of the colon]. PMID- 7290396 TI - [Surgical treatment of ulcerous colitis. Proctocolectomy at onset]. PMID- 7290397 TI - [Ileorectal anastomosis in ulcerous rectocolitis]. PMID- 7290398 TI - [Against total gastrectomy as a rule]. PMID- 7290399 TI - [Cholelithiasis and annular pancreas. Surgical aspects]. PMID- 7290400 TI - [The importance of endoscopy and cytology in the diagnosis of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7290401 TI - [Diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice. Transduodenoscopic retrograde cholangiography]. PMID- 7290402 TI - [Medical treatment of thyroid nodules]. PMID- 7290403 TI - [Lymphadenectomy for thyroid cancer. When, how, why]. PMID- 7290404 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas. Duodeno-cephalopancreatectomy or total pancreatectomy?]. PMID- 7290405 TI - [Prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by special elastic stockings. Our clinical experience]. PMID- 7290406 TI - [Generalized peritonitis. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7290408 TI - [Critical review of the use of the Sparks prostheses in femoro-popliteal revascularization]. PMID- 7290407 TI - [Post-phlebitis syndromes. Indications and limitations of surgical treatment]. PMID- 7290409 TI - [The axillo-femoral by-pass. Evaluation of the long-term results]. PMID- 7290410 TI - [Complications of the axillo-femoral by-pass]. PMID- 7290411 TI - [Long-term results of surgical treatment of hiatal hernia in adults. Personal experience]. PMID- 7290412 TI - [The lower esophageal sphincter and superselective vagotomy. Manometric study with the method of rapid pull-through of the catheter]. PMID- 7290413 TI - [High abdominal ovariopexy in laparosplenectomy. New technical measures in anticipation of subsequent irradiation]. PMID- 7290414 TI - [Subcutaneous mastectomy and reconstruction in benign breast diseases]. AB - After a review of the techniques of subcutaneous mastectomy and of reconstruction of the breast, the authors analyze the cause of the most common complications and suggest a method which is shown to prevent their occurrence: it is based on a wide exposure of the glands to be excised and of the following defect. A dermofat flap based inferiorly is interposed between the skin and the prosthesis. Complications have been very rare in a series of 35 cases and the results have been cosmetically very satisfactory. The method is therefore indicated in all the cases where some degree of ptosis is associated with the mammary condition. PMID- 7290415 TI - [Use of short-term prophylaxis with amoxicillin in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 7290416 TI - [Therapeutic effects of ribostamycin in postoperative antibiotic treatment. Comparisons and results]. AB - 20 patients have been treated, 10 with ribostamycin sulphate, 5 with gentamycin and 5 with sodium cephalotin. Patients were selected at random from those who had undergone abdominal, thoracic or cervical operations. Doses were 1000-2000 mg i.m. for ribostamycin, 4-8 g i.v. for cephalotin, and 160-240 mg i.m. for gentamycin. Mean treatment time was 12.5 days. Indices of therapeutic activity, parameters of liver and renal function and otovestibular function are indicated. The therapeutic activity of ribostamycin was very good and no side-effects were observed. PMID- 7290417 TI - [Unilocular solitary cyst of the liver. Considerations on a case]. PMID- 7290418 TI - [Our experience in 6 cases of leiomyoma of the esophagus]. AB - The Authors present 6 cases of oesophageal leiomyomas operated on during the past 15 years at the Institute of Surgical Pathology of the University of Turin and compare the results with those in the literature. The pre-operative diagnosis was not always possible and often difficult: it was however, helped by many clinical and instrumental examinations. The treatment of choice was surgery, usually by enucleation or occasionally by gastroesophageal resection. There was no operative mortality and no recurrences have been observed. PMID- 7290419 TI - [Biliary ileus]. PMID- 7290420 TI - [Surgical treatment of inflammatory diseases of the pancreas]. PMID- 7290421 TI - [The Kottakis operation combined with drug therapy in the treatment of refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis. Personal observations]. PMID- 7290422 TI - [Hepatic phlebography before and after portacaval anastomosis]. AB - Wedged hepatic venography has been utilized in the hemodynamic staging of portal hypertension in 33 patients. The immediate postoperative evaluation in 18 cases, has outlined a portal vein filling in 14 end-to-side portacaval shunts, in 5 with presence of hepatofugal collateral veins between the ligated hepatic and shunted splanchnic sides of the portal system, and in 2 side-to-side. The sinusoidal filling pattern has been relatively unchanged after end-to-side portacaval shunts. The venographic appearance of "spontaneous" reversal of portal blood flow in hepatic cirrhosis must be confirmed by selective hepatic arteriography before affirming its presence. PMID- 7290423 TI - [The role and choice of surgical treatment in obliterating arteriopathies]. PMID- 7290424 TI - [Determination of the systolic arterial pressure in the lower extremities with the Doppler method in the choice of the level of amputation]. PMID- 7290425 TI - [Percutaneous route in cannulation of the internal jugular vein]. PMID- 7290426 TI - [The giant ganglion of the coxofemoral joint. Personal case]. PMID- 7290427 TI - [The anterior compartment syndrome of the leg]. AB - The Authors define the compartment syndrome as a pathological condition collecting various clinical pictures constantly characterized by a rise of pressure in a restricted and inextensible not modifiable space, with circulatory difficulty and suffering of the tissues in this district. The only diagnosis is clinic. Functional and instrumental semiotics aren't of great aid. The quickly evolving clinical picture commands a timely diagnosis and a precocious intervention to reduce compartmental pressure by fasciotomy and eventual epimysiotomy effectual in the first twelve hours. PMID- 7290428 TI - [Our experience with perforated gastroduodenal ulcers in a regional hospital environment with a consumer population of 200,000 inhabitants]. PMID- 7290429 TI - [Radical exeresis in the treatment of lung cancer. A rediscovery]. PMID- 7290430 TI - [Several cases of surgically-treated pleuropericardial cysts]. PMID- 7290431 TI - [Extension of thyroidectomy in monolateral nodular goiters]. PMID- 7290432 TI - [The recurrent nerve in thyroid surgery. Anatomo-surgical aspects]. PMID- 7290433 TI - [A case of benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland. Case report]. PMID- 7290434 TI - [Our experience in 123 cases of fibroadenoma of the breast]. PMID- 7290435 TI - [Trends in surgery of parotid gland tumors]. PMID- 7290436 TI - [Therapy of spontaneous pneumothorax. Results of 20 years' experience]. AB - 256 spontaneous pneumothorax episodes in 165 patients were treated during the period 1956-1978. Continuous aspiration with drainage of the pleural cavity was employed in 156 cases, and parietal pleurectomy for 36 recurrent or undrainable cases. One patient in the latter group underwent bilateral parietal pleurectomy. The soundness of aspirative drainage on the occasion of the first episode is underscored by the low percentage of recurrences. The indications for pleurectomy are discussed. Its effectiveness is apparent from the good functional results it offers, in addition to an absence of relapses. PMID- 7290437 TI - [Current considerations on papillosphincterotomy]. AB - A clinical review of 11 years of surgery of the sphincter of Oddi is presented. 106 patients underwent operations on the papilla because of cholodocholithiasis, stone impacted in the papilla, papillitis. The authors show the most meaningful statistical data and express their own preference for papillosphincteroplasty rather than other types of operations. They finally stress the importance of a careful evaluation of the actual indications for this type of surgery. PMID- 7290438 TI - [Congenital dilatation of the extrahepatic biliary tract]. AB - Congenital dilatations of the extrahepatic bile duct are examined with special regard for the operating techniques proposed for their correction. After pointing out that the terminology adopted in the literature does not reflect the real morphology of the malformation, and lends itself to erroneous interpretations, a modification is proposed. The basis for the paper was provided by a case of complex malformation of the extrahepatic bile duct (dilatation of the whole duct, with a dividing wall along nearly its whole length) observed in a girl of 15. The case was successfully treated with choledocho-cysto-jejunostomy. PMID- 7290439 TI - [Anastomosis of the digestive tract using the EEA stapler. Technical aspects and preliminary trials]. PMID- 7290440 TI - [Spontaneous cholecysto-cutaneous fistula]. AB - A recently observed personal case of spontaneous cholecystospontaneous fistula is reported. Factors leading to the relative infrequency of this form in recent years are described, and its rarity is demonstrated by the fact that the case reported was the first to be noted in about 1000 operations on the bile ducts. A brief account of the genesis, diagnosis and treatment of the condition is given. The interest of the case lay in the unusual site of the orifice (epigastrium). PMID- 7290441 TI - [Clinical results of laser stimulation and experimental studies on its mechanism of action]. PMID- 7290442 TI - [The use of lasers in acupuncture. Biological and therapeutic effects]. PMID- 7290443 TI - [Spectrum analysis of the electroencephalogram during electrohypoalgesia (combined with electroacupuncture) and pharmacological anesthesia]. AB - Cerebral function has been monitored by means of the spectral analysis of EEG during general pharmacological anaesthesia and during electrohypoalgesia (auriculoacupuncture) in patients subjected to chest and heart surgery. The results have shown that during electrohypoalgesia, waking or subvigilance frequencies predominate, an aspect that is quite different from those recorded in patients subjected to general pharmacological anaesthesia. It is therefore demonstrated that electrohypoalgesia is useful for surgery and saves the patient from pharmacological aggression which, while on the one hand suppressing the state of awareness, along with its analgesic and neurovegetative protection action, is not free from risks and undesirable side-effects, particularly in high risk patients. The usefulness, harmlessness and simplicity of the method as an alternative to other anaesthesiological schedules is confirmed. PMID- 7290444 TI - [Functional esophageal pathology and therapy with acupuncture and reflexotherapy. Initial therapeutic results]. PMID- 7290445 TI - [Critical considerations on the use of acupuncture in a group of heroin addicts]. PMID- 7290446 TI - [Dysmenorrhea. Acupuncture treatment of 40 cases coming to our attention. Clinical note]. AB - The Authors, following 100 dysmenorrheal women (14-45 aged) examination and following symptoms collection, tested 40 patients by the acupuncture and auricular therapy. Before a short introduction on the dysmenorrhea etiology, the Authors explain the acupuncture therapy applied on 20 patients before treated with other therapies without success and cases 20 untreated patients describing the clinical cases and the different results. PMID- 7290447 TI - [Treatment of hiccups with acupuncture in anesthetized and conscious subjects]. AB - The Authors, after studying hiccup in 30 patients aged 7-70, submitted them to acupuncture therapy. After short exposition on etiopathogenesis of hiccup, the Authors explain acupuncture therapy used in 10 cases before treated with different therapies with negative results and in 40 not treated cases, exposing the obtained results. PMID- 7290448 TI - [Reflexotherapy in idiopathic nocturnal enuresis. Clinical note]. PMID- 7290449 TI - [Acupuncture and micro-massage in the treatment of idiopathic nocturnal enuresis]. AB - 1) Goals of the Research. We have treated 15 cases of night enuresis (4-13 year) 9 of which had already been treated with other therapies without success, in order to compare the two methods. 2) Methods employed. A) Acupuncture in 10 cases at the following loci, alternatively every other day, with an average number of treatments of 10 per patient: treatment a) C7-E36-RP6-VC3; treatment b) V23-V28 V32. B) Micromassage on the points "Nicturia" in the creases between the first and the second and the third phalanx of the 5th finger (P. Chang) in 5 cases; the first treatment at the presence of parents who have then repeated treatments at home every night for ten minutes, for an average of 20 days. 3) Results and summary. With acupuncture: 7:10 complete recovery, 2 partial recoveries, 1 negative result. With micromassage: 2:5, complete recovery, 1 partial recovery, 2 negative results. Both groups were followed-up up to 4 months after the last treatment. Acupuncture produces better results in percentage, however the second method is, for its simplicity, a valid alternative mostly in little children who reject acupuncture and it should be further investigated. PMID- 7290450 TI - [Echocardiographic study in congestive cardiomyopathy]. AB - Single-dimensional echocardiography was used in the study of 15 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. The main signs for the diagnosis of this disease and its differentiation from atherosclerotic coronaropathy were determined. Mitral and aortic echograms were examined along with the ventricular parameters in order to assess their importance in the study of ventricular function. PMID- 7290451 TI - [Platelet factor 3 and 4 in juvenile diabetes and in children of diabetic mothers]. AB - We studied 91 children, distributed, as follows, in four groups: Group A, including 24 children (average age 11.4 +/- 0.7) with juvenile onset diabetes (duration less than 4 years), without any clinically apparent vascular disorder. Group B: 22 matched controls (average age 11.5 +/- 0.53). Group C: 25 newborns (average age 3.7 +/- 0.3) of diabetic mothers (B Group in P. White classification). Group D: 20 matched controls (average age 2.8 +/- 0.3). All were tested for total, HDL, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In all the subjects we performed: -- PF4 (by H.T.C.H., according O'Brien et al., 1975) on PPP and on PRP (300,000-350,000 platelets/microliters) after platelet aggregation with 4.0 10(-6)M epinephrine (Born's method). -- PF3 (b a Stypven time) on frozen-thawed (three times) PRP and on PRP after p.a. with 4.0 10(-6)M epinephrine. No statistically significant difference was noted in PF3 values between A-C groups and their respective control groups (B-D). PF4 was more represented on diabetic's PPP (group A), whilst no difference was noted after aggregation. This increase suggests in early juvenile onset diabetes, without any clinically apparent disease, an "in vivo" platelet activation, which may be important in thromboembolic disorders of diabetics. PMID- 7290452 TI - [Platelet function in relation to age and diabetic disease]. PMID- 7290453 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of idiopathic myelofibrosis. Review of the literature and presentation of 15 cases]. AB - We report on 15 patients affected by myelofibrosis. The main clinical aspects were hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and leukocytosis. Immature cells and anisopoikilocytosis of the erythrocytes were frequently found in the peripheral blood. At bone biopsy, various aspects of panhyperplasia, increase in the reticular fibers, myeloid fibrosis and osteosclerosis were observed. Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase was frequently elevated. The clinical and laboratory course of the disease, causes of death and the possible etiopathogenetic aspects of this disease are considered and discussed. PMID- 7290454 TI - [Bronchofibroscopic findings]. AB - Reference is made to personal experience in drawing attention to the high percentage of positivity observed in tumour and systemic forms by means of distal biopsy with flexible tweezers, a method free from complications worthy of note. Close collaboration between the bronchology and histopathology service is required to ensure an exact interpretation and a qualitatively better evaluation of the material removed. PMID- 7290455 TI - [The medical practitioner facing arteriosclerotic vascular disease]. AB - The results and validity of some of the latest and most significant epidemiological studies of the relation between risk factors and the clinical signs of arteriosclerosis are discussed, and the best rules for the prevention of arteriosclerotic vascular disease are suggested. Since primary prevention for the entire population is sound management, the practitioner should look for persons at risk, and initiate suitable hygienic, dietetic and, where necessary, pharmacological measures. This programme must not overlook secondary prevention, whose implementation demands the use of drugs (especially those that prevent the clumping of platelets). Under such conditions, ad is clear from the results of numerous multicentre studies, instigation of a multifactorial intervention has enabled the incidence of recurrences and mortality to be reduced. PMID- 7290457 TI - [Bone neoplasms]. PMID- 7290456 TI - [Chest pain as an expression of various pathologies]. PMID- 7290458 TI - [The Sikorskj HH-3F in rescue activities and in air medical transport]. AB - Technical and medical problems arising out of air rescue and transport operations are examined through an overview of the activities of the 15th S.A.R. Wing, Italian Air Force. The particular engineering, radio, and S.A.R. features of the Sikorskj HH-3F, currently used for this purpose, make it a sound and effective choice. A specially trained medical, health and nursing unit able to operate on the aircraft under all-weather conditions, coupled with a wide range of medical material, provide the best comment on the series of pathologies illustrated in the tables. Behind this matter, however, there increasingly lies the equally important question of the desirability or otherwise of imposing a strict control to make sure that the use of helicopters on S.A.R. tasks is not indiscriminate, but governed by clearly defined conditions. PMID- 7290459 TI - [Adaptation to chronic hypoxia at various altitudes]. AB - A comparison is made between the results obtained and the examinations carried out in the study of adaptation to chronic altitude hypoxia at 2500 m (19th Olympic Games, Mexico City), and 5350 m (base camp, 1973 Italian Mt. Everest Expedition). An assessment is made of circulation, respiration, and blood changes, and their influence on maximum aerobic effort capacity per unit of time, i.e. VO2max (maximum oxygen consumption). The fall in this capacity is greater than might be supposed from the compensatory mechanisms. Lastly, a comparison is made between recently acclimatised chronically hypoxic subjects and high-altitude natives, and suggestions are put forward to explain the better muscle performance of the latter. PMID- 7290460 TI - [Work of breathing during high altitude exercise]. AB - Measurements of oxygen consumption, ventilation and dynamic respiratory work in three males during ergometer bicycle exercise at sea level and at 3500 m altitude are reported. At submaximal work load, dynamic respiratory work proved 140-180% greater at 3500 m than at sea level; at a given ventilation, on the other hand, dynamic respiratory work is 20% less at 3500 m. During maximum oxygen consumption, this respiratory work reaches its peak value at 5800 m a.s.l. (30% more than what it is at sea level). It can be stated that the altitude ventilation cost during exercise is nothing but a small portion of total oxygen expenditure because the energy required for a given work load is not significantly different from sea level controls. PMID- 7290461 TI - [Elements of diagnosis in rheumatology. "Early" diagnosis in flight personnel]. AB - The various stages in the diagnostic process are discussed with particular reference to rheumatology. Consideration is given to recent "early" and "preclinical" diagnosis concepts, and these are applied to the aircrew category. The main "rheumatological emergencies" are listed and described for the purposes of that "specialised" prevention constantly needed to a greater extent, not only in the complex, demanding activity of aircrew, but also in the wider "world of labour", as currently conceived. PMID- 7290462 TI - [The effects of small amounts of alcohol on in-flight activity]. AB - Alcohol metabolism is described prior to an account of its effect on vigilance. The psychological and psychosomatic influence of alcohol is also illustrated in the light of experimental data indicating how it alters the response to stimuli. Alterations in various parameters following the administration of significantly small doses of alcohol were studied. Reaction time decreased, then increased, followed by a further decrease after about 1 1/2 hr. Even 1/8th litre depresses receptiveness of the reticular substance, and leads to lengthening of reaction times due to diminished ability to concentrate attention on a given task. CNS depression is also in proportion to the complexity of the performance required. This is particularly and dangerous in pilots, whose tasks are extremely precise and require close attention. Functional alterations induced by alcohol during flight may be numerous, due to disturbances connected with the specific conditions created by flying, and apparatuses whose physiological functions are susceptible to disturbance by flying itself. Alcohol, itself a harmful influence on piloting an aircraft, deteriorates these functions and conditions. Toxic substances present during flying and their potentiation by alcohol are considered. The effects of alcohol, added to these specific pathogenetic toxic effects, quickly and readily lead to a fall in overall psychophysical efficiency, and prejudice flight safety. the reason why a decrease in the limit intake doses to less than 2 cc/kg, equivalent to a blood value of 0.5 g 0/00, to ensure safe control of the plane, is desirable is explained. PMID- 7290463 TI - [The vertebral localization of arthrosis in helicopter personnel. Description of a clinical case]. AB - Following a brief description of the "mechanical factor" and chronic "microtraumatism" in the pathogenesis of arthrosis, the clinical case of a helicopter pilot with almost 15 years service is reported. Unlike frequently observed cases, the present case presented "total" involvement of the rachis, thus posing a number of problems of differential diagnosis with ankylosing spondylitis. Clinico-laboratory and X-ray data permitted precise diagnosis. PMID- 7290464 TI - [Preoperative evaluation of bronchogenic cancer by traditional and computerized tomography]. AB - The Authors verified the diagnostic incremental data furnished by computerized tomography in respect to traditional tomography in assessing and staging lung cancer. This comparative study was based on eight diagnostic parameters, analysed in 150 strongly suspected patients. It is concluded that computerized tomography allows to give a very accurate judgement about the stage of the cancer, reducing the need of diagnostic thoracotomies. PMID- 7290465 TI - [ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vascular diseases of the elderly]. AB - A study of 60 over-65's, of whom 30 were suffering from coronary disease 15 had previous but now stable cerebrovascular insufficiency and 15 were suffering from circulation insufficiency in the lower extremities, showed that ADP-induced platelet aggregability was significantly increased by comparison with a group of 15 subjects of similar age rigidly selected as "normal". The aggregation rate was more enhanced than other parameters. In patients with coronary insufficiency and in those with cerebral vasculopathy, other aggregability parameters were significantly changed (minimum aggregating concentration). It is concluded that platelet aggregation, which is often increased in physiological ageing, is altered to an even greater extent in the vasculopathic elderly. PMID- 7290466 TI - [Idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (Shy-Drager syndrome). Clinical and hemodynamic studies of a case]. AB - A case of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (Shy-Drager syndrome) in a 50-year old man is reported. The diagnosis was made after other possible causes of orthostatic hypotension had been excluded. The Authors emphasize the need for a correct diagnosis in order to adopt an adequate symptomatic therapy, and to avoid useless and often harmful treatments. PMID- 7290467 TI - [Apical pulmonary fibrosis in the course of ankylosing spondyloarthritis]. AB - Two cases of an association between lung TB and ankylosing spondyloarthritis are presented. In the first case, spondyloarthritis appeared about 1 yr after fibrocavitary lesions of the LSD. The literature contains only 1 similar case, in which the gap was two years. In the second case, such lesions appeared 8 yr after spondyloarthritis. Neither patient received radiation treatment. The first received cortisone for massive joint inflammation when typical lung TB lesions were already evident. It is felt that these two additions to the literature are of interest in clarifying the delicate questions of diagnosis that arise when ankylosing spondylarthritis is accompanied by lung involvement. PMID- 7290468 TI - [Preliminary study on P50 and on other parameters correlated with hemoglobin function in normal subjects chosen at random]. AB - In a wide survey on normal non-selected healthy adults, the Authors have found normal pHs in venous blood, a P50 slightly shifted to the left, in comparison with the mean values reported in other series for males and females, normal Hb amounts, normal 2,3-DPG levels, normal met-hemoglobin values and increased rates of Hb-CO. All these data and the possible relationship among them are discussed, with particular reference towards P50 and Hb-CO, which appears to be mainly raised, even if not only, in smokers people. At this regard the Authors hypothetize that if the four hemes of hemoglobin are fully saturated with CO, a right shifted oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve of variable extent will be observed, whereas, if the hemes are not fully saturated, the curve could be shifted, more or less, towards the left. These two conditions could be coexisting in an unstable, non-enzymatic equilibrium, which could modify by itself the usual sigmoid shape (and the P50 values) of the whole blood oxygen affinity. PMID- 7290469 TI - [The importance of thyroid hormone determination in the course of acute and chronic liver diseases]. AB - The RIA values of thyroid hormones in the course of acute and chronic liver disease were studied to see whether they were related to the severity of the picture in a series of 50 healthy subjects and 133 with various hepatopathies: 26 with acute viral hepatitis, 18 with alcoholic liver disease, 16 with alcoholic cirrhosis without ascites and 33 with ascites, 14 non-alcoholic cirrhosis without ascites and 24 with ascites. A reduction in T3 proportional to the seriousness of the clinical and laboratory findings was noted in chronic forms, whereas both T3 and T4 were high in acute viral hepatitis. There was no difference in T3 values in alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis of similar gravity, showing that the fall in serum T3 is not a specific alcohol-induced lesion. T3 less than 25 ng/100 ml proved the best index in the prediction of mortality (chi 2 = 20,5; p less than 0,0005). PMID- 7290470 TI - [Salivary immunoglobulins G, A and M in liver cirrhosis]. AB - Mixed saliva of the patient with cirrhosis of the liver contains often large quantities of immune globulins. IgA and M transport is facilitated, but whereas IgA globulins are present in all cases, the IgM appear in the saliva only where plasma concentration is greater than 200 mg %. Owing to a simple passive diffusion mechanism, the IgG reach high saliva levels in all subjects studied. PMID- 7290471 TI - [Toxic occupational liver diseases. Therapeutic effects of silymarin]. AB - We considered two groups, one of 35 and the other of 20 patients, with occupational toxic hepatopathy caused by various toxic substances (mostly solvents, paints and glues). The patients were mostly suffering from chronic or subacute forms. We considered the work conditions in the anamnesis, the period of exposure and most important laboratory parameters of hepatic function checked before and after treatment with Silymarin (420 mg/die/os) for the first group and with "placebo" for the second group. Five patients of the first group were diagnosed by biopsy. The treatment with Silymarin has shown slight variations in some parameters. The therapeutic effect is probably not dependent upon the kind of pathogen noxa; it seems instead to be more evident when the exposure period is shorter. The group "placebo" does not show significant variations. PMID- 7290472 TI - [Preparation of patients in diagnostic contrast radiography of the urinary and bile tracts and the large intestine]. AB - A preparation schedule including, for clysterisation, a substance based on palmitate, stearate and oleate of sodium of vegetable origin has been experimented in 130 patients of both sexes (70 awaiting contrastography of the urinary and bile ways, and 60 double contrastography of the colon). Excellent results were obtained in urography and colangiocholecystography when the schedule was limited to just one clyster with double dose of Radioced carried out on the same morning as the investigation. For an examination like double contrast clyster, which is more demanding from the viewpoint of correct intestinal cleansing, the number of clysters has to be increased to four. Three, at appropriate intervals, are carried out on the day preceding examination, and the last no more than two hours prior to the clyster. In all four, a double dose of Radioced dissolved in warm water (two litres for each of the first three and a litre and a half for the fourth) is used. Still on double contrast clyster, the preparation schedule requires a three-day diet (the first two involving low-waste foods and the third a liquid diet only) plus 30 g of Epsom salts (and no less than a litre of water) the day before double contrastography. PMID- 7290473 TI - [Comparison between serum ferritin and induced sideruria in the diagnosis of disorders of iron metabolism]. AB - The A. compare the values of serum ferritin and Desferrioxamine (DFO)-induced sideruria on 73 patients affected by different diseases. The results may be divided into three groups: a first one concerning patients with low serum ferritin and low DFO-induced sideruria, a second one of patients with normal serum ferritin and normal DFO-induced sideruria; in the third group of patients the A. found high values of serum ferritin and high or normal values of DFO induced sideruria. The different behaviour observed in this III group of patients mostly affected by malignancy may be ascribed, in all those cases with high ferritin and normal sideruria, to a direct production of isoferritins by cancer cells. PMID- 7290474 TI - [Prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 7290475 TI - [Combined indomethacin and ritodrine treatment in the prevention of pre-term labor. Preventive note]. PMID- 7290476 TI - [Indomethacin in the prevention of pre-term labor]. PMID- 7290477 TI - [Abnormal presentation in the Obstetric and Gynecologic Division of the Provincial General Hospital of Caserta 1970-1978]. PMID- 7290478 TI - [Particular significance of a cardiotocographic pattern: sinusoidal rhythm]. PMID- 7290479 TI - [Estrophilic receptors in the normal endometrium, in fibromyoma and in endometrial adenocarcinoma in post-menopausal women]. PMID- 7290480 TI - [Increase of fetal biparietal and abdominal transverse diameters in normal pregnancy]. PMID- 7290481 TI - [Ultrasonic detection of fetuses large for gestational age and subsequent surveillance in utero]. PMID- 7290482 TI - [Ultrasonic detection of fetuses small for gestational age and subsequent surveillance in utero]. PMID- 7290483 TI - [Aspects and clinical significance of fetal breathing movements]. PMID- 7290484 TI - [Ultrasonic aspects of the placenta in intrauterine growth retardation]. PMID- 7290485 TI - [Relation between abnormal cardiotocographic patterns and fetal death]. PMID- 7290486 TI - [Importance of cytogenetics in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 7290487 TI - [Ultrasonic study of pathological pregnancies in the first trimester]. PMID- 7290488 TI - [A rare case of ovarian mesonephroma]. PMID- 7290489 TI - [Value of the routine use of the Sabin-Feldman dye test in females]. PMID- 7290491 TI - [Materno-fetal transmission of Australia antigen]. PMID- 7290490 TI - [A case of Listeria infection in pregnancy]. PMID- 7290492 TI - [Frequency, treatment and outcome of tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 7290493 TI - [The action of testosterone on mammary tissue of the castrated female rat treated with estrogens]. PMID- 7290494 TI - [Epidemiological study of EPH gestosis 1970-1978. I. Maternal nosology]. PMID- 7290495 TI - [Physiological aspects of hepatic function in pregnancy]. PMID- 7290496 TI - [Hematological changes during pregnancy]. PMID- 7290497 TI - [Monitoring total blood estriol in normal and pathological pregnancy. Clinico statistical study]. PMID- 7290499 TI - [Comparison of the oxygen consumption of fresh and post-freezing human sperm. Preliminary findings]. PMID- 7290498 TI - [Neonatal malformations and hormone therapy during pregnancy]. PMID- 7290500 TI - [The Petit-Le Four pessary in the mechanical treatment of uterine hypoplasia as the cause of sterility and infertility]. PMID- 7290501 TI - [Urological complications of cesarean section. Vesico-uterine fistulas]. PMID- 7290502 TI - [Radiological study of malformations of the female genital system]. PMID- 7290503 TI - [Cardiotocography and intrauterine fetal death]. PMID- 7290504 TI - [Determination of C3 in primary and secondary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7290505 TI - [Renal vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7290506 TI - [Renal granulomatous vasculitis. Autonomous entity or a variant of micropanarteritis? Observations on 3 cases]. PMID- 7290507 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 7290508 TI - [The kidney in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7290509 TI - [Changes in calcium metabolism in the infantile nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7290510 TI - [Chronic renal insufficiency in childhood. Importance of congenital nephropathies]. PMID- 7290511 TI - [Diagnostic value of serum levels of antibacterial and anti-lipid A antibodies in renal infections]. PMID- 7290512 TI - [Monolateral ureteral obstruction. Glomerular hemodynamics after 24-hour contralateral ureteral obstruction. A micropuncture study on rat kidney]. PMID- 7290513 TI - [Urinary excretion of uric acid in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7290514 TI - [Erythrocyte sodium transport in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7290515 TI - [Certain immunological aspects of Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 7290516 TI - [Various characteristics of the circulating immune complexes in primary glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7290517 TI - [Serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and parathyroid function in the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7290518 TI - [Computerized densitometric analysis with cerebral computerized axial tomography in the study of encephalopathy in dialyzed patients]. PMID- 7290519 TI - [Ultrastructural bases of the muscular damage in uremia]. PMID- 7290520 TI - [Serial changes in blood levels of calcium, phosphate and parathormone during the Pak test in patients with hypercalciuria and in normal subjects]. PMID- 7290522 TI - [Possibilities of diagnosis of acetate intolerance in hemodialyzed patients without determination of serum acetate]. PMID- 7290521 TI - [The calcium-phosphorus balance and parathormone behavior in 7 patients treated with integral hemofiltration]. PMID- 7290524 TI - Horseradish peroxidase study in rat of the neural connections of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. AB - Using highly localized injections by a transbuccal approach a study of the afferent and efferent connections of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) methods was carried out. The results showed that the OVLT has direct connections to several hypothalamic nuclei (anterior, preoptic, lateral preoptic, ventromedial nucleus) and to extrahypothalamic (central gray, locus coeruleus, subfornical organ) regions. There was not a direct projection from the supraoptic nucleus. Some of these connections may be involved in the functional actions of the OVLT observed after central injections of angiotensin II. PMID- 7290523 TI - [Plasma-exchange and dialysis. Combined treatment in acute renal insufficiency secondary to severe hepatopathies]. PMID- 7290525 TI - Reciprocal connections between the nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei. AB - Reciprocal excitatory connections which give rise to reverberatory activity were investigated by intracellular recording and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) transport. Neurons in the interpositus nucleus (IP) were activated antidromically from the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) and paramedian reticular nucleus (PMRN). Stimulation of these nuclei and lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) elicited monsynaptic EPSPs in IP neurons. PMRN neurons could be activated antidromically as well as orthodromically from IP. HRP-positive neurons were found in NRTP, PMRN and LRN following injection of HRP into IP. Neuronal connections of IP-NRTP-IP, IP-PMRN-IP and IP-RN-LRN-IP were suggested as possible components of reverberating circuits. PMID- 7290526 TI - Dye-marked paraventricular neuroendocrine cells in vivo in cat hypothalamus. AB - In antidromically identified neurons in the cat hypothalamus we recorded and injected fluorescent dye-markers (Lucifer Yellow, LY; Procion Yellow, PY) intracellularly. The dye-filled neurons lay in the rostral portion of the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. We observed two morphological cell types of similar size based on the intracellular injections of LY or PY: a bipolar cell type with fusiform perikaryon and a multipolar cell type with a polygonal perikaryon. These morphological cell types correspond to previous descriptions of immunocytochemically identified vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic magnocellular neurons in mammals. This study demonstrates the feasibility of in vivo intracellular dye-marking and electrophysiological recordings from mammalian hypothalamic neurons. We have here a basis for correlating morphological characteristics with the physiological traits of single magnocellular neuroendocrine cells. PMID- 7290527 TI - Rapid atrophy of mouse soleus muscles after tenotomy depends on an intact innervation. AB - Changes in length and mass of mouse soleus muscles have been determined during the first 14 days after division of the Achilles tendon and/or the tibial nerve. Muscle atrophy and associated histological changes were detectable 24 h after tenotomy, and increased progressively over the first week. These changes were less marked in muscles which had also been denervated, and were rapidly reversed if the tendon became reattached. An attempt is made to distinguish the role of the nerve supply from the effects of reduced longitudinal tension in the production of atrophy after tenotomy. PMID- 7290528 TI - Visual properties of cells in anterior dorsal ventricular ridge of turtle. AB - Single units in the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (ADVR), a structure in the major afferent visual pathway of turtle, were investigated electrophysiologically for response properties to varied light patterns. The majority of cells responded to a broad range of spatially, temporally, and chromatically varied stimuli over most of the monocular visual field. One category of cells, seemingly specialized for 'novelty' detection, indicates one possible role for ADVR in visual sensory processing. PMID- 7290529 TI - Cortical field potentials preceding self-paced and visually initiated hand movements in one and the same monkey and influences of cerebellar hemispherectomy upon the potentials. AB - Field potentials in the premotor and forelimb motor cortices preceding hand movements were recorded with chronically implanted electrodes in the cortices. They were different between the same hand movements initiated at self-pace ('voluntary') and by visual stimulus (in reaction) in the same monkey. Ablation of the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the motor cortex suppressed both slowly increasing and relatively steep surface negative-depth (2.5-3.0 mm) positive potentials in the motor cortex prior respectively to self-paced and visually initiated movements. The results inferred the different central preparatory mechanisms (programs) for self-paced and reaction movements in the same individual, and revealed the direct neocerebellar participation in initiation of both self paced and reaction movements by activating the motor cortex. PMID- 7290530 TI - Persistence of visual responsiveness in the lateral geniculate nucleus of rats treated with monosodium-L-glutamate. AB - Normal treatment of rats with monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) resulted in extensive degeneration of the inner nuclear layer of the retina. The retino-hypothalamic projection was still functional as these rats entrained their circadian food intake rhythm to the light-dark cycle. A normal proportion of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) cells in MSG rats responded to visual stimulation. The response pattern, latency and variability of LGNd cells at different times (3-18 months) after treatment were comparable to those of normal rats. These results demonstrate the MSG-induced retinal damage does not lead to blindness in the rat. The similarity in pathophysiology between MSG lesioned rats and animals exposed to constant illumination is discussed. PMID- 7290531 TI - Maturation of synapses in chicken forebrain. AB - The detergent treatment used to prepare synaptic junction and post-synaptic density (PSD) fractions cause a much greater disruption and solubilization of the PSD in young chicken forebrain than in adult forebrain. The disruption is manifested as a large decrease in the amount of the major PSD protein present in the isolated fractions. This 'fragility' of the PSD persists throughout the first month after hatching and gradually disappears during the second month. Artificial elevation of systemic testosterone levels speeded up this maturation of the PSD but only if the hormone was injected during the second month. PMID- 7290532 TI - Collateral reinnervation of rat hindlimb skin does not depend on repeated sensory testing. AB - After cutaneous nerve injury there is a tendency for afferents in neighboring cutaneous nerves to reinnervate the adjacent denervated zone. Diamond and collaborators have recently claimed [5,8] that collateral sprouting of cutaneous afferents in the hindquarter of adult mammals is substantially accelerated by sensory testing (pinching) of the skin. We examined this claim in hindlimb skin of adult rats. All but the most medial part of the foot was rendered anesthetic by ligation and section of the sciatic nerve. The return of mechanosensation by functional spread of the intact saphenous nerve was examined behaviorally. We were unable to detect any effect of repeated sensory testing on the sensory recovery. PMID- 7290533 TI - Peripheral nerve contains heterogeneous growth factors that support sensory neurons in vitro. AB - The availability of dissociated cultures of embryonic neurons has given impetus to a number of studies which have detected trophic factors in many mammalian and avian tissues maintained in vivo and in vitro [1, 2, 4-8, 10, 11, 13, 16, 18-21]. Using a single sensory neuron biological assay for mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) [17] as a reference standard, we report here that neurite promoting activity is highly enriched in segments of adult mouse peripheral nerve. Neurite outgrowth at 30 h, kinetics of neurite appearance and inhibition with rabbit antiserum to mouse NGF indicate that the trophic activities are heterogeneous and support both NGF-dependent and NGF-independent neuron populations of chick embryo sensory ganglia. PMID- 7290534 TI - Slow potential changes in experimental neocortical propagated foci. AB - During and following interhemispheric stimulation (HS), characteristic negative slow potential changes (NSPCs) appeared which coincided with defined patterns of epileptic phasic field potentials (PFPs). Stimulus time-locked, high-amplitude, interhemispheric responses (IHRs), interictal and ictal patterns were accompanied by typical moderate NSPCs. In the wake of the latter, giant NSPCs occurred, concurrent with Van Harrevelds convulsions and/or either total or partial spreading, or local depressions. Partial depression of the PFPs and spreading of the moderate NSPCs were also present in the IHR stage. It is suggested that the moderate and giant NSPCs characterize two distinct types of experimental epileptogenesis which differ in the extent of alteration of the extracellular ion activities. PMID- 7290535 TI - The nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus and circling behaviour in the rat. AB - Lesioning the rat's substantia nigra (SN) with kainic acid (0.8 microgram) or by electrocoagulation (1 mA for 6 sec) significantly lowered GABA and glutamate decarboxylase levels at the treatment site, but not in the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus (PPN), suggesting nigro-PPN fibres do not synthesize or store GABA. Stereotaxic injection of one PPN with muscimol (40 ng), picrotoxin (40 ng) or tetanus toxin (30 mouse LD50 doses) had little or no effect on the animals' behaviour; kainate caused ipsilateral body flexion, sporadic ipsiversive circling and contraversive barrel-rolling. These behavioural abnormalities disappeared after 7 days when histology confirmed virtually complete loss of PPN perikarya, intense gliosis and some demyelination of passing axons. Impairing PPN transmission with kainate (chronically) or muscimol (acutely) caused weak apomorphine-induced contraversive rotation, but did not modify the robust nigral muscimol-evoked contraversive asymmetry. While we do not exclude a role of PPN in motor control, these data suggest that nigro-PPN neurones are neither GABAergic nor mediators of central dopaminergic function. PMID- 7290536 TI - Radioactive 2-deoxy-D-glucose incorporation into the prefrontal and premotor cortex of the monkey performing a forelimb movement. AB - Radioactive 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) incorporation into the monkey prefrontal and premotor cortex was studied in relation to extention-flexion movement at the wrist joint in two experimental and two control monkeys. With 2-DG injection and 45 min' intensive task performance thereafter, the following areas showed increased accumulations of radioactive glucose: the dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal areas, including the lateral and medial banks of the principle sulcus; the ventral prefrontal and orbitofrontal areas; the cingulate gyrus, and the premotor cortex. In these areas, patch- or strip-like patterns were observed in the accumulation of 2-DG. PMID- 7290537 TI - A Golgi study of mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following perinatal ethanol exposure. AB - Golgi-impregnated hippocampal pyramidal cells were examined in 14-day-old mice following perinatal exposure to ethanol. The alcoholic insult was timed to coincide with the birth and initial stage of dendrite elaboration and was produced by dietary administration of ethanol to maternal mice during late pregnancy and the first postpartum week. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Golgi-impregnated cells revealed a marked reduction in the extent of basilar dendrites in ethanol-exposed animals which suggested a delay in neuronal development. PMID- 7290538 TI - Neuritic growth maintained near the lesion site long after spinal cord transection in the newborn rat. AB - The spinal cord of neonatal and weanling rats was mid-thoracically transected. Either 3 or 6 months later the borders of the lesion site were studied using electron microscopy. No sign of axonal regeneration through the lesion site was found in either group, even though the glial reaction was minimal in neonatal operates. In both groups of operates, reactive axonal endings, presumed to result from the original surgery, and neuritic growth were found in a reactive zone on both sides of the lesion site. We conclude that the potential for axonal growth (regeneration or generation) is maintained at the borders of the lesion in both groups of operates. PMID- 7290539 TI - Effects of progressively longer durations of monocular deprivation on development of visuocortical receptive fields in the rabbit. AB - Three groups of rabbits were reared with monocular eyelid suture. Percentages of cells with various receptive field types were determined by recording in the deprived visual cortex of animals 30-35 days, 46-55 days, and 20-36 months old. These results, together with previously published data from two other groups of monocularly deprived rabbits, are described relative to normative data for 9-10 day-old and adult rabbits. During the first postnatal year cells in the deprived visual cortex acquire normal adult proportions of receptive field types, but do so over a longer course than that which is characteristic of cells in non deprived visual cortex. With continued deprivation for 2-3 years there is a subsequent loss of oriented type cells and a corresponding increase in non responsive cells. PMID- 7290540 TI - Primary afferent and sacral dorsal horn neuron responses to vaginal probing in the cat. AB - An analysis was made of primary afferent and dorsal horn neuron responses to stimulation of genitalia of female cats. Three types of primary afferents responded to vaginal probing. The most common type responded maximally to the on- and off-ramps of non-noxious pressure applied directly to the clitoris. A second type responded similar but to surrounding labia mucosa. The third type showed a tonic discharge during deep vaginal-cervical probing. None of the primary afferents that responded to vaginal probing exhibited after-responses to any stimulus. However, a majority (76%) of wide dynamic range dorsal horn neurons showed increased rates of firing that outlasted the duration of vaginal probing by at least 28 sec. No other type of dorsal horn neuron responded in this manner. It appears that after-responses of wide dynamic range neurons to vaginal stimulation cannot be attributed to after-responses of primary afferents or to supraspinal mechanisms but are produced by mechanisms within the spinal cord. PMID- 7290541 TI - Long-term lateral hypothalamic single unit analysis and feeding behavior in freely moving rats. AB - Lateral hypothalamus activity was observed in 23 single units for more than 24 h each in freely moving rats. The activity of 3 neurons was circadian related: low in the day and high at night. Ten neurons responded with inhibition related to individual feeding acts. These two neuron types might be important for long-term feeding rhythm and short-term feeding behavior. PMID- 7290542 TI - Comparison of the antinociceptive activity of intraventricularly administered acetylcholine to narcotic antinociception. AB - Intraventricularly administered acetylcholine inhibits mouse tail-flick latency in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of about 20 microgram. This antinociceptive activity is not mimicked by biogenic amine neurotransmitters (i.e. norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin or histamine) and is not markedly affected by selective depletors of brain catecholamines or serotonin. However, pretreatment with reserpine or tetrabenazine dramatically reduces acetylcholine-induced antinociception. Tolerance develops rapidly to the antinociceptive effects of acetylcholine. Cross-tolerance to morphine in acetylcholine-tolerance mice is minimal, but the antinociceptive activity of acetylcholine is markedly reduced in mice chronically pretreated with morphine. Acetylcholine-induced antinociception differs from narcotic antinociception in the reversed stereoselectivity of several narcotic antagonists and in the in vivo pA2 values for inhibition by naloxone. Therefore, the antinociceptive activity of intraventricularly administered acetylcholine cannot be described as a specific narcotic action. PMID- 7290543 TI - Response of gluten-sensitive enteropathy to corticosteroids. PMID- 7290544 TI - Effect of growth hormone on vitamin A storage and release. PMID- 7290545 TI - Intestinal microflora, injury and vitamin K deficiency [ letter ]. PMID- 7290547 TI - Periodic health exams: whose duty to perform? PMID- 7290546 TI - Contribution of the microflora of the small intestine to the vitamin b12 nutriture of man. PMID- 7290548 TI - Outside referrals: ending the 'revolving door' syndrome. PMID- 7290549 TI - Sitting down on the job: not as easy as it sounds. PMID- 7290550 TI - Planning the employee fitness program. PMID- 7290551 TI - A practical guide for non-epidemiologists. PMID- 7290553 TI - Meanwhile, back at the ranch... PMID- 7290552 TI - Tracing tension to its source. PMID- 7290555 TI - Communications: the latest tool of the trade. PMID- 7290554 TI - Teenage pregnancy and education. PMID- 7290557 TI - The Cardington disaster. PMID- 7290556 TI - Treating the chronic mentallyy ill: shifting priorities. PMID- 7290558 TI - The passing days of the passive physician. PMID- 7290559 TI - Quantitative study on degenerated myelinated fibers in the pyramid and spinal cord following lesion in the internal capsule of the rhesus monkey, with special reference to collateral branching in the cervical cord. PMID- 7290560 TI - Electron microscopic fine structure of internal part of a scalp hair which underwent sudden change from black to gray. PMID- 7290561 TI - Development of hepatocyte heterogeneity with respect to ultrastructure in the mouse. PMID- 7290562 TI - [Response of the rat pituitary-adrenal system to stress during early postnatal development]. AB - During postnatal development the reaction of hypophysial-suprarenal system of young rats to subcutaneous injection of formaldehyde and immobilization appeared earlier (on the 4th day) than that to cooling and new environment (on the 12th day). Both in 16 days old and adult rats the increase of corticosteroid level in blood in response to different stress effects was similar. A change of the intensity of cooling did not affect the reaction of hypophysial-suprarenal system of young rats. It is suggested that the absence of reaction of hypophysial suprarenal system to some stimuli is due, during the first days after birth, to unequal functional maturity of the central mechanisms taking part in the reaction to these stimuli. PMID- 7290563 TI - [Changes in the properties of chromatin during nerve cell acquisition of definitive morphologic features]. AB - The morphological maturation of neurocytes of the cranial cervical ganglion during the 1st month of life was accompanied in rats by changes in the state of DNA-histone chromatin complex and rise of stainability of non-histone nuclear proteins by fast green FCF at pH 2.6. This coincided in time with the increase of transcription level as well as with changes in the dynamics of RNA-bound nuclear label during the first hours after (3)H-uridine incorporation. These peculiarities reflect the process of chromatin rearrangement during the maturation of neurocytes. PMID- 7290564 TI - [Serotonin concentration and tryptophan-5-hydroxylase activity in the visual system of the rat brain during ontogeny]. AB - The dynamics of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content and tryptophan-5-hydroxylase activity in the visual analyzer formations (external geniculate body, bigeminal bodies, visual cortex) and the locomotory cortex was studied in the rat brain during postnatal ontogenesis. Both the parameters were determined by means of spectrofluorometry. Each formation and locomotory cortex were shown to differ between each other by 5-HT content and tryptophan-5-hydroxylase activity. The level of 5-HT in various brain formations of 3 days old rats was low and increased during postnatal ontogenesis. The adult level of 5-HT was attained at different times: in the external geniculate body from the 1st and in the visual cortex from the 6th week after birth. Beginning from the first days of life tryptophan-5-hydroxylase was able to provide for 5-HT synthesis at the adult level. The correlation of the enzyme activity and 5-HT content during postnatal ontogenesis was noted only in the external geniculate body and visual cortex. Possible mechanisms of fluctuations in 5-HT content and tryptophan-5-hydroxylase activity in the rat brain formations under study during postnatal ontogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7290565 TI - [Effect of actinomycin D on hematopoietic stem cells]. AB - The effect of actinomycin D on stem hemopoietic cells in the bone marrow of adult mice has been studied by means of spleen colonies. The antibiotic at a dose of 0.4 mu g/ml (g) inhibited the colony formation when applied in vitro and stimulated this process in vivo. The reaction of stem hemopoietic cells to the antibiotic at a dose 0.04 mu g/ml (g) varied: in most experiments no cytotoxic effect was observed both in vitro and in vivo; moreover, in some cases the colony formation increased 1.5--2 times. Possible causes of the stimulating and inhibiting effect of the antibiotic are discussed. PMID- 7290566 TI - [Effect of postnatal administration of a microsomal enzyme inducer on development of their activity during early mouse ontogeny]. AB - The effect of early postnatal introduction of the inductor of microsomal enzymes, 3-acetate-16alpha-isothiocyanopregnenolone (ATCP), on the activity of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (cholesterol-reduced NADP+: oxygen oxydoreductase; 7alpha hydroxylating) was studied. The experiments were carried out with newborn cholesteremic SWR/j mice which were given ATCP per os from the 2nd till the 9th day of postnatal development. The introduction of ATCP was shown to induce cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver of experimental mice during the first month of life. 6 months after birth the content of atherogenic lipoproteins in the blood serum of experimental animals was reduced, as compared with the control ones, although the content of cholesterol in the blood serum and the activity of cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase in the liver were similar. Changes in the fractions of lipoproteins appear to be due to the early stimulation of cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase by the inductor. PMID- 7290567 TI - [Effect of fetoplacental factors on in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes and non lymphoid cells]. AB - The effect of extracts of placenta, amniotic fluid, serum of pregnant women and newborn infants on PHA-stimulated proliferative activity of lymphocytes and proliferation of non-lymphoid cells (L-cells) was studied. The inhibiting effect decreased in the series: placenta -- amniotic fluid -- serum of pregnant women. The effect on L-cells was similar to that on lymphocytes. It is suggested that the biological samples under study contained factors having non-specific immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 7290568 TI - [DNA synthesis in the process of rat spermatogenesis]. AB - The rat spermatogonia were fractionated in STA-PUT system within 24 hrs following 3H-thymidine injection. DNA isolated from the cells at certain stages of spermatogenesis (spermatogonia, leptotene-zygotene, pachytene, spermatids spermatozoa) was studied by the method of reassociation kinetics and ultracentrofugation in CsCl gradient. A selective 3H-thymidine incorporation in the region of midrepetitious nucleotide sequences was found at all stages under study, except spermatids-spermatozoa. DNA synthesized during spermatogenesis forms in CsCl density gradient several "satellite" peaks in the "heavy" and "light" gradient zones. PMID- 7290569 TI - [Placental permeability in rats and rabbits for thyroid hormones at different periods of pregnancy]. AB - Upon the introduction of 14C-thyroxine in the rats on the 20th day of pregnancy, about 1/7 of the introduced radioactivity is found in the blood serum of the foetus; the labelled hormone is found in the foetus organs. The permeability of placenta at different times of pregnancy was also studied in rabbits. The placenta was shown to be permeable on the 23rd and 28th days of pregnancy, whereas earlier (16-17th days of development) negligible amounts of the labelled thyroxine introduced in the mother are found in the foetus organs. PMID- 7290570 TI - [Possible extraepithelial precursors of Merkel cells in the sinus hairs in the cat]. AB - Numerous Merkel cells are situated among the epithelial cells of the hair follicle of sinus hairs. Many of them are in contact with sensitive nerve terminals and differ from the epithelial cells by the presence in the cytoplasm of specific granules concentrated in the region of contact with nerve terminals. In the connective tissue of sinus hairs of 8-9 weeks old embryos and newborn kittens there were found the cells surrounded by the basal membrane and differing from the Schwann's cells of palisade system and flesh nerve fibers. These extraepithelial cells have common structural features with the Merkel cells situated in the epithelium and are the most probable candidates for the role of their precursors. PMID- 7290571 TI - Reduction of glare after radial keratotomy: An experimental study. PMID- 7290572 TI - The effect of corneal stretch on the endothelium. AB - A model has been developed to describe the phenomenon of corneal stretch. In the model situation, suction is applied to the corneal surface of the bovine eye. The newly induced corneal shape forces the endothelial layer to stretch and sometimes to tear apart in places. This same type of stretch can be induced when a soft lens is placed on the bovine cornea. We postulate that drying of the soft lens produces a local flow of water from the cornea at the lens periphery with a secondary bowing of the central cornea. These results are confirmed by a decrease in the peripheral keratometry readings with an increase in the central keratometry measurements. The resultant deformation increases the posterior surface area of the cornea thus stretching the endothelium. These reversible/irreversible changes are time/drying dependent. The endothelial effects of corneal bending, as in cataract extraction, radial keratotomy and tight suture placement were investigated. As expected, when these techniques stretch the cornea, the result is endothelial changes. PMID- 7290573 TI - Erosion of the orbital plate (frontal bone) by a benign tumor of the lacrimal gland. PMID- 7290574 TI - Epigard in the management of eyelid neoplasms. PMID- 7290575 TI - Hydrostasis in ophthalmic microsurgery. PMID- 7290576 TI - New Instrument: an assembly alignment block for the Ocutome. PMID- 7290577 TI - Ocular and orbital complications after sclerosing injections in a case of a frontal cutaneous angioma. AB - A baby is treated for frontal cutaneous angioma by two sclerosing injections, the second injection giving rise to severe complications and life-long sequelae: total amaurosis of the right eye with eventual bulbar phthisis, sectorial iris necrosis and cataract formation, as well as ugly sunken cutaneous scarring of the right upper eye-lid, forehead and scalp. It is the only case we know of, where such complications occurred after craniofacial angioma treatment by sclerosing injections. PMID- 7290578 TI - Bilateral acute vascular retinal necrosis. AB - In this paper we report on a patient with obliterative retinal vasculitis which, within a few weeks, led to retinal necrosis with fibrous alterations of the central parts of the retina and annular retinal tears in the periphery. The clinical picture is interpreted as bilateral acute retinal necrosis, corresponding to earlier reports in the literature. Our patient differs from the case reports known to us so far in the purely obliterative-vascular progress form of retinal necrosis, the lack of uveal involvement, the presence of unilateral labyrinthine deafness (probably of vascular origin), and the demonstration of pronounced cerebral atrophy. PMID- 7290579 TI - Central serous chorioretinopathy: some considerations on the pathogenesis. AB - The author discusses the role of the following three factors in the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy: intraocular tension, adhesion of the pigment epithelium and choroidal hydrostatic pressure. Some cases of central serous chorioretinopathy present the angiographic findings typical of retinal pigment epitheliitis, others show choroidal perfusion defects in the area of subretinal leakage. Both are to be considered as secondary forms and distinguished from the idiopathic disease. PMID- 7290580 TI - The latent period of the pupil light reflex in lesions of the optic nerve. AB - The latent period of the pupil light reflex was investigated by means of infrared pupillography in patients suffering from optic neuritis (retrobulbar neuritis, papillitis), papilledema, optic atrophy or anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The inflammatory diseases of the optic nerve and the optic atrophy cause significant prolongation of the latent period of the pupil light reflex. Conversely, in papilledema no prolonged latent period could be demonstrated. The vascular diseases of the optic nerve affect the pupil latent period also, however, to a lower degree. PMID- 7290581 TI - Quantitative evaluation of the electroretinogram. AB - The assessment of an electroretinogram (ERG) as normal, abnormal or absent is too imprecise an estimation to inform ophthalmic surgeons about the prospective visual functions. For example, an abnormal or subnormal ERG includes an almost normal as well as an almost absent ERG. Furthermore, whether an ERG is labelled as absent depends on the amplitude of the electrical background activity. A much better information can be provided by expressing the ERG in percentages of the normal value. PMID- 7290582 TI - A portable ERG system with an automatic driven LED Ganzfeld stimulation contact lens. AB - A portable ERG system with a Ganzfeld stimulation and adaptation light source is described. The stimulus flash energy can be selected from a range of 3.9 log units and the adapting background can be 0,10 or 100 lux at the cornea. The whole system has the dimensions of a standard ECG recorder, can operate independently of the main voltage and can be used in electrically unshielded rooms. It has a programmed measuring cycle that controls the paper transport, the changeover of the registration channel from one eye to the other, the stimulus presentation and the registration of a standard calibration pulse (100 microV/100 ms). PMID- 7290583 TI - 1981 annual meeting program. American Academy of Ophthalmology. November 1-6, 1981. Abstracts. PMID- 7290585 TI - The evolution of pathophysiologic knowledge of osteoporoses. PMID- 7290584 TI - Symposium on the osteoporoses. PMID- 7290586 TI - Physiology and pathology of bone remodeling. Cellular basis of bone structure in health and in osteoporosis. PMID- 7290587 TI - Clinical, biochemical, radiographic, epidemiologic, and economic features of osteoporosis. AB - Osteoporosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by low bone mass and fracture, primarily of vertebrae, hip, and distal forearm. Many factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the final clinical event, the fracture. In some patients an initial deficiency or rapid loss of trabecular bone may result in vertebral collapse. In others, loss of cortical bone may result in hip fracture. Fracture itself may occur not only because of low bone mass but also because of other factors intrinsic to bone, such as accumulation of microdamage, or extrinsic to bone, such as poor coordination or frequency of trauma. The many factors that play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder may appear confusing; however, they provide several areas in which therapeutic intervention may prove to be value to the patient. PMID- 7290588 TI - The evolution of osteoporosis therapy. PMID- 7290589 TI - Treatment of osteoporosis with fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D. PMID- 7290590 TI - Coherence treatment of osteoporoses. PMID- 7290591 TI - Osteoporoses: quo vadis? PMID- 7290592 TI - [Current aspects of rendering care and treatment to the victims of multiple and combined injuries before the hospital stage]. PMID- 7290593 TI - [Hip joint injuries]. PMID- 7290594 TI - [Scoliosis: theory and practice]. PMID- 7290595 TI - [Arthrosis deformans (based on Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics data for 1970-1980)]. PMID- 7290596 TI - [Research achievements and prospects in the problem of bone pathology at the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics]. PMID- 7290597 TI - [Tissue and organ preservation and transplantation problems]. PMID- 7290598 TI - [Role of anaerobic microorganisms in the development of infection after injuries and orthopedic operations]. PMID- 7290599 TI - [Achievements of sports traumatology]. PMID- 7290600 TI - [Causes and classification of posttraumatic pelvic deformities]. PMID- 7290601 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of Ollier's disease]. PMID- 7290602 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the proximal portion of the femur in children]. PMID- 7290603 TI - [Introduction, into public health practice, of the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics research results in the organizational problems of traumatologic and orthopedic care and the prevention of injuries]. PMID- 7290604 TI - [Clinical x-ray and biochemical aspects of transplanting articular cartilage preserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C)]. PMID- 7290605 TI - [Use of the Volkov-Oganesian hinged distraction apparatus in surgery of the hand]. PMID- 7290606 TI - [Use of prolonged conduction anesthesia in the axillary region in operations on the hand and forearm]. PMID- 7290607 TI - [Use of erythrocytes preserved by ultrafast freezing with trauma and orthopedic patients]. PMID- 7290608 TI - [Treatment of victims of traffic accidents at the stage before hospital care]. PMID- 7290609 TI - [Surgical treatment of diaphyseal femoral fractures]. PMID- 7290610 TI - [Treatment of the sequelae of diaphyseal and metaphyseal gunshot fractures of the humerus]. PMID- 7290611 TI - [Diagnosis of rupture of the pelvic bone junctures]. PMID- 7290612 TI - [Treatment errors in traumatic avulsion of the skin]. PMID- 7290613 TI - [Ultrasound in the combined surgical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7290614 TI - [Rates for the correction of fixed angular malformations in treating pseudarthroses of the long bones]. PMID- 7290615 TI - [Ilizarov's transosseous osteosynthesis in treating congenital pseudoarthroses of the leg]. PMID- 7290616 TI - [Treatment of children with congenital underdevelopment of the fibula]. PMID- 7290617 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the treatment methods in severe lesions of the lower extremities after poliomyelitis]. PMID- 7290618 TI - [Sesamoid bone dislocations of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint]. PMID- 7290619 TI - [Blount's treatment method in transcondylar extensor fractures of the humerus in children]. PMID- 7290620 TI - [Injuries to the upper end of the tibia]. PMID- 7290621 TI - [Pathological fractures and dislocations in hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 7290622 TI - [Is osteotomy of the tibial condyles indicated in rheumatoid arthritis?]. PMID- 7290623 TI - [Functional treatment of epimetaphyseal fractures of the tubular bones]. PMID- 7290624 TI - [Treatment of patellar fractures]. PMID- 7290625 TI - [Correction of postburn cicatricial deformities using a trapezoidal skin-fat flap]. PMID- 7290626 TI - [Blood serum lysosomal enzyme activity in multiple and combined injuries]. PMID- 7290627 TI - [Vascular permeability disorder in multiple fractures]. PMID- 7290628 TI - [Basic principles in treating severely injured patients in traffic accidents]. PMID- 7290629 TI - [Characteristics of transfusion therapy in the late period after blood loss]. PMID- 7290630 TI - [Serum properdin and sialic acid levels in fractures of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7290631 TI - [Potassium orotate and polyvitamins in the treatment of fractures]. PMID- 7290632 TI - [Treatment of postoperative edema of the hand with proteolytic enzymes]. PMID- 7290633 TI - [Various aspects of the fixator-bone interrelations in the treatment of fractures]. PMID- 7290634 TI - [Directing the fixator toward the plane of oblique-spiral fractures in various conditions of osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7290635 TI - [Treatment of metaphyseal and metadiaphyseal fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7290636 TI - [Transosseous osteosynthesis by the Ilizarov's method in the treatment of multiple pseudarthroses of the long bones]. PMID- 7290637 TI - [Role and place of surgical interventions in the treatment of bone sarcoma]. PMID- 7290638 TI - [Closed dislocation of the 1st carpal bone]. PMID- 7290639 TI - [Remote results of treatment of open injuries of the distal phalanges of the fingers]. PMID- 7290640 TI - [2 cases of ambulatory treatment of osteochondropathy of the scaphoid bone (Preiser's disease) adults]. PMID- 7290641 TI - [Use of caffeine in the intraosseous anesthesia]. PMID- 7290642 TI - [Gigantism of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7290644 TI - [Apparatus for closed transcutaneous reposition and fixation of bone fragments in trans- and epicondylar humeral fractures]. PMID- 7290643 TI - [Sonic diagnosis of fractures]. PMID- 7290645 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the ribs in severe closed chest injuries]. PMID- 7290646 TI - [Dynamometers for compression-distraction apparatus]. PMID- 7290647 TI - [Lateral traction in central hip dislocation]. PMID- 7290648 TI - [Methodological characteristics of estimating the number of medical posts for providing 24-hour emergency ambulatory traumatological services]. PMID- 7290649 TI - Phenol and cresol levels in urine in the normal male Japanese. PMID- 7290650 TI - Recording of root potentials from the spinal cord of the frog. PMID- 7290651 TI - Fulminant pneumonitis developed during the middle-dose corticosteroid therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7290652 TI - [Intestinal tuberculosis in infancy]. PMID- 7290654 TI - [Thoracic fluid accumulation caused by myeloma-cell pleural infiltration]. PMID- 7290653 TI - [Xeroderma pigmentosum]. PMID- 7290655 TI - [Value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7290656 TI - [Current views on the surgical management of hypophyseal adenomas]. PMID- 7290657 TI - [Analysis of HbAlc in childhood diabetes]. PMID- 7290658 TI - [Follow-up studies of patients with osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy]. PMID- 7290659 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of vesico-vaginal fistulae]. PMID- 7290660 TI - [Tests of serum creatine phosphokinase activity in patients with progressive muscular dystrophy and their relatives for the detection of genetic carriers]. PMID- 7290661 TI - [Distribution of stillbirth and infant mortality among infants of unwed mothers]. PMID- 7290662 TI - [Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of a fetal abdominal cyst]. PMID- 7290663 TI - [Mediastinal emphysema caused by tracheal injury in childhood]. PMID- 7290664 TI - [Follow up of the results of surgical correction of congenital heart defects by non-invasive diagnostic methods]. PMID- 7290665 TI - [Cellular immunity in patients with esophageal and gastric tumors in various stages]. PMID- 7290666 TI - [Hemoglobin A lc in diabetes mellitus, with special reference to chronic complications]. PMID- 7290667 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of aortic arch and neurovascular shoulder syndromes]. PMID- 7290668 TI - [Detection and care of chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases (epidemiologic pattern in the model community of Zakanyszek over a 5-year period]. PMID- 7290669 TI - [Bilateral paralysis of the recurrent nerve]. PMID- 7290670 TI - [Colloid goiter metastasizing into the temporal region]. PMID- 7290671 TI - [Clinical picture and pathology of encephalitis associated with rubeola]. PMID- 7290672 TI - [5-year follow-up studies of alcoholic liver diseases]. PMID- 7290673 TI - [Extrathoracic stimulation in the management of patients with implanted demand pacemakers]. PMID- 7290674 TI - [Comparative study of low-dose heparin and syncumar therapy in the prevention of thromboembolism in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7290675 TI - [Necrotizing fasciitis in childhood]. PMID- 7290676 TI - [Acute massive pulmonary embolism, leading to clinical death, treated with superdoses of fibrinolytics]. PMID- 7290677 TI - [Use of computer methods in the therapeutic follow-up of leukemia patients]. PMID- 7290679 TI - [Diagnostic significant of thin-needle biopsy in inflammations of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7290678 TI - [Survey of low-birth-weight infants delivered under peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 7290680 TI - [Biopsy of retroperitoneal lymph nodes and lymph node dissection in cases of seminoma]. PMID- 7290681 TI - [Tinidazole therapy of intestinal amebiasis]. PMID- 7290682 TI - [Ovarian tumor causing labor complication]. PMID- 7290683 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in leukemia]. PMID- 7290684 TI - [Myocardial infarct suspected by changes in the ST and T leads during pacemaker therapy]. PMID- 7290685 TI - [Metastasizing thymoma]. PMID- 7290688 TI - [High-density lipoprotein levels in arterial diseases. Effect of risk factors]. PMID- 7290686 TI - [Pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn]. PMID- 7290687 TI - [Human diseases caused by hematotropic bacteria]. PMID- 7290689 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic questions about pericarditis in patients under chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7290691 TI - [Verification of the Euler-Liljestrand reflex in a case of bronchial adenoma]. PMID- 7290690 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma in relation to a case of its abdominal form in a child]. PMID- 7290692 TI - [The dopamine theory of schizophrenia: reduced serum dopamine beta hydroxylase activity in paranoid schizophrenia]. PMID- 7290693 TI - [Elevated titer of Legionnaires' disease antibodies in the serum of patients with severe acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7290694 TI - [Relation between polycystic kidney and intracranial aneurysm]. PMID- 7290695 TI - [Results of gynecologic cancer screening, including cytological studies, in Budapest (1976-1978)]. PMID- 7290696 TI - [Psychological and biochemical screening of mentally retarded children aged 1-3 years]. PMID- 7290697 TI - [The IgM rapid test in the diagnosis of intrauterine infections]. PMID- 7290698 TI - [Treatment of follicular dyskeratosis (Darier's disease) with aromatic vitamin A]. PMID- 7290699 TI - [Adenosis vaginae]. PMID- 7290700 TI - [Humanitarian approach in patient care]. PMID- 7290701 TI - [Submucosal nasal osteotomy]. PMID- 7290702 TI - [Value of the eosinophil index for the diagnosis of allergic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 7290703 TI - [Surgical splitting of the larynx in children]. PMID- 7290705 TI - [Distant metastases of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7290704 TI - [Remote results of laryngeal examination of children treated by long-term intubation during laryngitis]. PMID- 7290706 TI - [Blue sclera syndrome (osteogenesis imperfecta) and its treatment]. PMID- 7290707 TI - [Temporary shift of air conduction auditory threshold in extended ranges of high frequencies in persons exposed to noise]. PMID- 7290708 TI - [Differentiation of small changes in sound frequency in patients with conductive hearing loss]. PMID- 7290709 TI - [Keratoacanthoma of the external nose]. PMID- 7290710 TI - [Laryngeal chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 7290711 TI - [Microbattery as a foreign body in the esophagus]. PMID- 7290712 TI - [Acoustic impedance tests in persons exposed to the harmful effect of noise]. PMID- 7290713 TI - [Results of Co-60 radioisotope teletherapy of pharyngeal cancer at the Cracow Institute of Oncology]. PMID- 7290714 TI - Neonatal tetanus treated with diazepam as single antispasmodic agent. PMID- 7290715 TI - Home oral sugar salt solution using the "blue spoon" for acute infantile gastroenteritis. PMID- 7290716 TI - Loperamide for acute diarrhoea in infancy (a clinical experience). PMID- 7290717 TI - Hepato-renal syndrome. PMID- 7290719 TI - Iron deficiency and childhood morbidity. PMID- 7290718 TI - Tuberculous mastoiditis in children. PMID- 7290720 TI - Androgen receptors: a quantitative investigation in female unexplained hirsutism. PMID- 7290721 TI - Personal experience in the surgical management of carcinoma of the distal oesophagus, cardia, and pericardiac stomach. PMID- 7290722 TI - Monochemotherapy (Adriamycin) for metastatic breast cancer in progression after sequential hormone-chemotherapy (MAP and CMF). Pilot study. PMID- 7290723 TI - Geometry of aortoiliac bifurcation in healthy men and women as possible atherogenic risk factor. PMID- 7290724 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in dissecting aortic aneurysm. A case report. PMID- 7290725 TI - Ear myiasis. Case report. PMID- 7290726 TI - Academic examination stress versus menstrual cycle. PMID- 7290727 TI - Approach to the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemic states: the nomifensine and domperidone tests. PMID- 7290728 TI - The vaginal epithelium response to digoxin therapy in menopause. PMID- 7290729 TI - Post-traumatic acute anterior spinal cord syndrome. AB - Thirteen patients with motor complete but sensory incomplete lesions following vertebral and spinal cord injuries are described. Sensory dissociation was present with more impairment of pain than touch or proprioception. The loss of pain sensation was complete in seven patients, but was incomplete in the other six subjects four of whom showed major motor recovery. The major point of interest of this study is to show that patients who retain not only touch but also pain sensation have a definitely better prognosis for neurological recovery. PMID- 7290730 TI - Somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials in spinal cord diseases. AB - Cortical-evoked potentials (CEPs) induced by the stimulation of the tibial nerve, were investigated in 16 patients with localized myelopathy, and in five patients with generalised myelopathy, and compared with the results obtained in 30 healthy test subjects. The investigations show that the pulses that give rise to the CEP, are conducted mainly by the posterior columns. Damage to the ventrolateral tracts, in contrast, leads only to a reduction in the amplitude of the CEPs. If account is taken of possible artefacts and misinterpretations, the method described is highly suitable for determining the level of a lesion in complete paraplegia and for obtaining information as to the size and extent of spinal cord damage in myelopathies. PMID- 7290731 TI - Energy cost and cardiopulmonary responses for wheelchair locomotion and walking on tile and on carpet. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare energy cost and cardiopulmonary responses to wheelchair locomotion and walking on tile and on carpet at 3.0 km . h-1. Nine wheelchair-dependent (WD) and ten able-bodied (AB) individuals served as test subjects. WD subjects were tested for wheelchair locomotion on tile and on carpet, and AB subjects were tested for walking over both floor surfaces. Studied variables included gross energy cost (GEC), net locomotive energy cost (NLEC), pulmonary ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HR) during all test conditions. On tile, GEC and NLEC were found to be lower, whereas VE and HR were higher for wheelchair locomotion than for walking. On carpet, wheelchair locomotion elicited higher values for all variables than walking. In going from tile to carpet, significant increases in these variables were found for wheelchair locomotion, whereas walking elicited similar response magnitudes on both floor surfaces. These results suggest that cardiopulmonary stresses for wheelchair locomotion are higher than for walking, and that a carpet can present an obstacle to wheelchair locomotion which may not be recognised by those who walk. PMID- 7290732 TI - Permanent flaccid paraplegia in children with thoracic spinal cord injury. AB - From January 1960 to March 1979 25 children with spinal cord injury were admitted to our hospital (10 newborns with birth injury to the spinal cord were excluded). Among 12 patients with complete thoracic lesions four remained permanently flaccid. These four cases who had sustained relatively minor trauma showed marked muscular atrophy of the lower limbs, areflexia, absence of anal and cremasteric reflexes, no response to plantar stimulation and no foot deformities. In contrast to children with spastic traumatic paraplegia, motor nerve conduction velocities and H-reflexes were not measurable in these flaccid patients. Myelography was performed in two, this showing myelomalacia below the level of injury. All four patients had clinically an autonomous bladder and voided by gentle manual pressure. The clinical, neurophysiological and radiological findings are consistent with a lower motor neurone lesion below the level of cord injury, resulting presumably from an extensive longitudinal cord lesion on a vascular basis. Judging from Guttmann's experience, flaccid paraplegia occurs in about 12 per cent of adults with complete thoracic cord lesions. The literature is too scant to give an estimate of this complication in children with traumatic paraplegia. PMID- 7290734 TI - Is the pattern of neurological damage of diagnostic value in the radiological assessment of acute cervical spine injury? AB - Correlation between the pattern of neurological deficit present and the radiographic appearances of the cervical spine after acute cervical spinal cord injury has been suggested. An analysis of 149 cervical spinal cord injury patients has been made to assess this observation. The analysis has shown poor correlation between the initial radiographs and the pattern of spinal cord injury. Because of this, and the undesirable movement of such patients, it is concluded that additional radiographic procedures, mobility studies or tomography, should not be undertaken to exclude possible injuries which have not been demonstrated on routine cervical spine views. PMID- 7290733 TI - Prevalence and incidence of pressure sores in acute spinal cord injuries. AB - The prevalence of pressure sores following acute spinal cord injury was determined on 549 patients who entered the Midwest Regional Spinal Cord Injury Care Centre from 1973 until June 1978. The compiled data was based upon system versus non-system entry, anatomical levels of injury, multiple site or single site location, complete or incomplete physiological injury, and the presence of pressure sores on admission or their development during system hospitalisation. The results showed that non-system patients had a significantly higher prevalence of pressure sores in all categories. The level of anatomical injury as well as the physiological intactness of the spinal cord were found to be the most important factors in the actual prevalence. The cervical region was found to have the highest prevalence of pressure sores at single and multiple sites. Complete lesions and quadraplegics had a higher prevalence of pressure sores than incomplete lesions and paraplegics. The probable explanations are presented. PMID- 7290736 TI - [Species composition of the genus Metastrongylus, lung parasites of swine and boars in the USSR]. PMID- 7290735 TI - [Morphobiological characteristics of Hasstilesia ovis (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) and the pathomorphological changes it causes in sheep intestines]. AB - Data on the life cycle of the trematode Hasstilesia ovis are given for the second time in order to point to the errors occurring in helminthological literature. The species has one intermediate host, the terrestrial molluscs Pupilla muscorum and Vallonia costata. Cercariae are turned into metacercariae without leaving molluscs. Pathomorphological changes in the intestine of the sheep caused by these parasites are described. The authors came to the conclusion that the parasites have a pathogenic effect upon the host and cause a disease which should be called hasstileosis. PMID- 7290737 TI - [Mechanism of the persistence of a less virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii in the body of the host]. AB - The diameters of toxoplasms' cysts in native preparations of brain of bredless and inbred mice (AKR and CC57BR) infected with the toxoplasms of Czech low virulent strain were measured. It is shown that the growth of cysts ceases by the 7th week from the infection and the ratio between cysts of different sizes does not change for 38 weeks and more. The curve of the ratio between cysts of different sizes, which in the period of infectious process stabilization is close to the even distribution curve, is apparently a result of primary parasitemia. By the 1st year of the infection a reactivation of the infection in some animals occurs judging by the rise of the number of small cysts. Stabilization and then reactivation of the infection are correlated with the dynamics of humoral antibodies. PMID- 7290739 TI - [Evaluation of the results of a single count of Ixodes persulcatus ticks in sample areas and the ecological problems of this species (Ixodidae)]. PMID- 7290738 TI - [Diagnosis of species of the genus Dermacentor Koch from Central Asia by the nymphal phase (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae)]. AB - A key to nymphs to five species of Dermacentor from central Asia is given. To recognize differential characters laboratory nymph from the parents identified previously by the authors were reared. D. montanus and D. pavlovskyi are studied from one, D. reticulatus and D. niveus from two and D. marginatus from four geographical areas. The shape of scutal scapulae, structure of the anal valve, proportion and topography of peritremes, shape, size and number of scutal setae, shape of alloscutal and pleiral setae, proportions of auricles, hypostome, cheliceral bases and different parameters of palpal joints, structure and size of coxae I-IV and tarsi I, sizes of scutum and different parameters of gnathosoma are taken for specific diagnostic characters. The differential characters were checked on laboratory nymphs of D. reticulatus, D. niveus and D. marginatus and on those collected beyond the territory of Central Asia. PMID- 7290740 TI - [Forms of glycogen and its localization in the parthenitae and larval stages of Eurytrema pancreaticum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)]. PMID- 7290741 TI - [Dynamics of oxygen tension and electrical activity of brain cells under normal conditions and during hypoxia]. PMID- 7290743 TI - [Hemodynamics, arteriovenous anastomoses and oxygen regimen during severe blood loss and infusion therapy]. PMID- 7290742 TI - [Oxygen regimen in humans subjected to extreme hypobaric hypoxia]. PMID- 7290744 TI - [Causes of arterial hypoxemia during the postresuscitation period in patients with massive blood loss and trauma]. PMID- 7290745 TI - [Effect of the oxygenation of blood substitutes on certain parameters of blood circulation and oxygen supply in rats during exchange blood replacement]. PMID- 7290746 TI - [Effect of oxygen therapy on the oxygen supply during anemic hypoxia caused by fatal hemodilution]. PMID- 7290747 TI - [Effect of the calcium content in the perfusate on contracture and degree of hypoxic damage of the myocardium]. PMID- 7290748 TI - [Increased resistance to hypoxia after prolonged fasting]. PMID- 7290749 TI - [Effect of 15-day fasting on the tolerance of humans to breathing of pure nitrogen]. PMID- 7290750 TI - [Energy supply of serotonin inactivation in the lungs]. PMID- 7290751 TI - [Effect of adaptation to periodic hypoxia on poststress activation of the primary immune response]. PMID- 7290752 TI - [Changes in microcirculation and acid-base equilibrium after experimental resection of the stomach]. PMID- 7290753 TI - Need-informational interaction of brain structures. AB - The data presented deal with the role of four main brain structures in the development of emotional states and the organization of purposeful behavior. According to these data, the frontal neocortex orients behavior towards signals of highly probable events (reinforcement), whereas the hypothalamus is the basis for satisfaction of the dominant need. Unlike the neocortex, the hippocampus react to events of low probability, which is typical of emotionally stressed brain activity. Unlike the hypothalamus, the amygdala creates the balance, the dynamic coexistence, of competing needs (motivations) and emotions generated by such needs, which makes behavior more adequate. Individual characteristics of the interaction among the four brain structures is the basis for the individual types of higher nervous activity. PMID- 7290754 TI - Nocebo: the psychologic induction of pain. AB - More than two-thirds of an unselected sample of 34 college students reported mild headaches when told that a (nonexistent) electric current was passing through their heads. These reports appeared independent of whether the instructions emphasized the headache-producing effect of the current or whether the emphasis was on a perceptual task, with headache as only a possible side effect. The results are consistent with a view of pain as localized stress. They provide additional grounds for the suspicion that clinical focusing on pain may itself be a cause of pain. PMID- 7290755 TI - Signal value and preliminary processes in OR elicitation. AB - The evoked cardiac response (ECR) of heart rate deceleration, respiratory pause, the peripheral pulse amplitude response (PPAR) of vascular constriction, and the galvanic skin response (GSR) were recorded from 20 subjects presented with a series of brief target and nontarget stimuli in a random order. Prestimulus vigilance was equivalent for the two types of stimuli since each had to be identified as target or nontarget before being processed, or ignored, respectively. This difference in signal value following identification affected only by the GSR, supporting a conceptualization of preliminary processes in orienting response (OR) elicitation rather than Sokolov's unitary OR concept. PMID- 7290756 TI - Cardiac activity in a simple reaction time task: predictive value of personality measures. AB - Twenty subjects, half having high extraversion and the other half having low extraversion scores on the Eysenck Personality Inventory, performed a simple reaction time task in which the warning stimulus was a light and the imperative stimulus was a tone. Beat-by-beat analysis showed significantly different response patterns between the two groups in time of onset, magnitude, and duration of the cardiac responses. The extraversion measures were found to relate to central-nervous-system-strength types and to indicate relative strength of central inhibitory processes, as reflected by cardiac activity. PMID- 7290757 TI - Lateral eye movements as indicators of processing strategies in paired-associate learning: their effect on recall, recognition, and error type. AB - Subjects, classified as left- or right-movers on the basis of their lateral eye movements, were presented with paired-associates designed to elicit processing by either the left hemisphere (low-imagery synonyms) or the right hemisphere (high imagery rhymes), followed by both recall and recognition tests. While recall of high-imagery pairs exceeded that of low-imagery pairs, there were no differences in recognition between the two types of paired-associates. There were no differences in retention between left- and right-movers, suggesting that if these groups differ in cognitive style, such differences may not be reflected in measures of information retention. The types of errors the groups made appeared to be influenced more by differences in information processing strategies. PMID- 7290758 TI - [Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural aspects of nodular fasciitis]. PMID- 7290759 TI - [The exocrine pancreas in primary diabetes mellitus. Morphological study]. PMID- 7290760 TI - [Structure and biological properties of DNA of Galliera sarcoma. II. Chromatography of native DNA on hydroxyapatite in the presence of ethidium bromide]. PMID- 7290761 TI - [Structure and biological properties of the DNA of Galliera sarcoma. III. chromatography on hydroxyapatite of DNA (H3) of neoplastic cells and fibroblasts cultured in vitro in the presence of ethidium bromide]. PMID- 7290763 TI - [Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma or pilomatrixoma: considerations on 13 personal cases]. PMID- 7290762 TI - [Unusual case of double tumor of the stomach: carcinoid and adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 7290764 TI - [An interesting case of peritoneal splenosis]. PMID- 7290765 TI - [Peter's syndrome]. PMID- 7290766 TI - [Squamous carcinoma arising in a benign cystic teratoma. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7290767 TI - [Tuberculoma of the brain: a sequel of meningitis?]. PMID- 7290768 TI - [Disgerminoma and pregnancy]. PMID- 7290769 TI - [Stromomyosis and its relation to mesenchymal pathology of the uterus: study of 7 cases with follow-up]. PMID- 7290770 TI - [Simple method for simultaneous demonstration of hemosiderin and bilirubin]. PMID- 7290771 TI - [Carcinosarcoma of the uterus. Case report]. PMID- 7290772 TI - [A case of bilateral ovarian cystoadenofibroma]. PMID- 7290773 TI - Fibroxanthosarcoma of kidney. Clinico-pathological study of a case. PMID- 7290774 TI - Breath hydrogen reflects canine intestinal ischemia. AB - The relationship between breath hydrogen excretion and intestinal ischemia was investigated in nine mechanically ventilated dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. An ileal segment was isolated in situ, ligated at each end, and insufflated with hydrogen. Expired air was collected at intervals. Blood volume was reduced 30% by three successive equivalent hemorrhages 10 min apart. Local bowel ischemia was produced by clamping the blood supply to the isolated segment for 10 min. Graded hemorrhage produced step-wise reductions in breath hydrogen concentration, to 77 +/- 13, 66 +/- 15, and 35 +/- 8% (mean +/- S.E.) of baseline after the first, second, and third hemorrhages, respectively. These reductions correlated highly (r = 0.84; P less than 0.01) with declines in mean aortic blood pressure. Occlusion of blood supply caused a significant (P less than 0.025) decrease in breath hydrogen concentration and excretion to 39 +/- 14% of baseline. Termination of occlusion was followed within 2 min by a 7-fold increase in breath H2 concentration above the original baseline, probably reflecting reactive hyperemia. Breath hydrogen measurements appear to reflect functional (hemorrhagic shock-induced) and mechanical (vascular occlusion induced) enteric ischemia in dogs. PMID- 7290775 TI - Ontogeny of single glomerular perfusion rate in fetal and newborn lambs. PMID- 7290776 TI - Survival of oral human immune serum globulin in the gastrointestinal tract of low birth weight infants. AB - Six immature infants were given oral feedings of 10% preservative-free human immune serum globulin ranging from 1 to 8 ml/kg/day. A seventh infant served as a control. Undigested and partially digested IgG was detected in the stools in significant quantities in all but the control infant. This coproantibody retained significant opsonic activity for type III group B streptococci as determined by a chemiluminescence assay, but lost most of its tetanus antibody activity. The newborn infants' enzymatic immaturity or rapid transit time permits the passage of intact IgG or partially digested IgG to pass throughout the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7290778 TI - Effects of estrogen on fetal rabbit lung maturation: morphological and biochemical studies. AB - 17 beta-Estradiol (0.44 to 4.4 micrograms/kg) was intramuscularly administered to pregnant rabbits on day 25 or 26 of gestation, and the fetuses were delivered by cesarean section 24 hr later. On light microscopy, the lungs from the treated group had larger alveoli and thinner interalveolar septa than did those from the controls at the same gestational age. The lumen:septa ratio was 0.62 +/- 0.06 in the control group and 0.88 +/- 0.05 in the treated group (p less than 0.01). Blood vessels in the lungs of the treated group were also more mature than were those in the control group. Alveolar epithelial cells consisted of 52% undifferentiated, 21% type II, and 27% type I cells in the control group. In the estrogen-treated group, the corresponding distribution was 25, 29, and 45%. There were 0.82 +/- 0.16 lamellar bodies per alveolar cell in the treated group compared to 0.38 +/- 0.06 in the controls (P less than 0.05). Estrogen decreased fetal lung glycogen content from 247 +/- 15 micrograms/mg protein to 70 +/- 9 on day 26 and from 103 +/- 13 to 13 +/- 2 on day 27 (P less than 0.001). Estrogen administration increased the rate of incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine in fetal lung slices, decreased the rate of thymidine incorporation into DNA, but had no effect on the rates of incorporation of ethanolamine into phosphatidylethanolamine or of leucine into protein. These data indicate that estrogen accelerates the rate of fetal lung maturation. It appears to stimulate lung differentiation at the expense of lung growth. PMID- 7290777 TI - Reduced concanavalin A capping of neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). AB - Neonatal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have previously been shown to be chemotactically deficient. To probe the mechanism(s) responsible for this deficiency, we have investigated the phenomenon of concanavalin A-induced capping in neonatal PMNs. PMNs from cord blood of 17 healthy, full-term infants and 17 normal adult volunteers were isolated by standard Ficoll-Hypaque and dextran sedimentation. After incubation with and without colchicine, the cells were reincubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-Con A, fixed, and prepared in wet mounts. Using a fluorescence microscope, PMNs were identified, and percentage of the capped cells was counted. Upon treatment with colchicine, adult PMNs showed a significant increase in the percentage of capped cells. By contrast, the cord blood PMNs showed no significant increase in capping after colchicine treatment. The difference between percentage of PMNs showing colchicine-induced capping in adult and cord blood was highly significant (P less than 0.01; Student's t test). PMID- 7290779 TI - A monoclonal antibody detecting an antigen shared by neural and granulocytic cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody, MI/N1, is described that reacts predominantly with fresh neuroblastoma tissue, human neuroblastoma cell lines, and cells of the myeloid lineage. Investigation of the binding of this antibody to four different neuroblastoma cell lines showed CHP 100 bound approximately 4 times more antibody than CHP 126. Only 30% of the cells in the line CHP 100 bound MI/N1 as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative differences in the expression of antigen recognised by MI/N1 are detected on human neuroblastoma cell lines. Inasmuch as only five of eight marrow aspirates heavily infiltrated with neuroblasts bound the monoclonal, this also suggests a heterogeneity in antigenic expression on fresh tumour cells. Absorption studies indicate that the antigen recognised by MI/N1 is present on human foetal brain and adult human cerebellum. At a dilution of 1/750, equal volumes of foetal brain and adult cerebellum absorbed out 30 and 60% of the reactivity to the human neuroblastoma cell line CHP 100. No reactivity was found towards murine neuroblastoma cells or rat brain. Expression of antigen on cells in the myeloid lineage appears dependent upon their stage of maturation, increasing as cells mature to neutrophils and eosinophils. It is suggested that the quantitative and qualitative differences seen in the expression of antigen on neuroblastoma cells may relate to their being blocked at different stages of differentiation. PMID- 7290780 TI - Insulin receptors in the fetal rat lung. A transient characteristic of fetal cells? AB - 125I-Tyr insulin (125I-Tyr Ins) was injected into the vitelline vein of rat fetuses in utero after 17, 19, or 21 days of gestation. Three min later, the weight and radioactivity of various organs and of the remaining carcass were measured. A radioactivity concentration index (RCI) was calculated by dividing the specific activity of each organ by that of the whole feto-placental unit. In each of the three age groups studied, the RCI indicated that 125I-Tyr Ins was concentrated in several organs, notably the liver and kidneys. The lungs also concentrated the labeled hormone; however, only the youngest fetuses revealed significantly elevated levels. Lung RCIs were 1.68 +/- 0.27, 0.67 +/- 0.12, and 0.85 +/- 0.18 after 17, 19, and 21 days of gestation, respectively. Three, 9 and 15 min after 125-I-Tyr Ins injection, the lungs and liver of 17-day postcoitum fetuses were homogenized and then subjected to gel chromatography. During the 15 min period of investigation, the percentage of intact labeled hormone in the liver and lungs decreased while the percentage of 125I-tyrosine increased. Autoradiographs of the fetal lungs indicated that the pseudoglandular cells bound 125I-Tyr Ins (surface density of grains 9 min after 125I-Tyr Ins alone, 1.71 +/- 0.22) and that this process was inhibited by coinjection of 100 mU unlabeled insulin (surface density of grains, 0.50 +/- 0.16; P less than 0.001). At 9 min, the surface density of grains on the bronchial tubes was only six times less than that of the hepatocytes of the same fetuses. It was concluded that epithelial lung cells during the pseudoglandular stage are equipped with numerous insulin receptors and appear capable of degrading insulin. The concentration of receptors markedly decreased at a later stage of lung development. PMID- 7290782 TI - [Psychomotor development of pre-school children from different socio-educational groups in the Bialystok region]. PMID- 7290781 TI - Spontaneous and drug induced concanavalin A capping of neutrophils from human infants and their mothers. AB - We investigated concanavalin A capping that occurred either spontaneously (neutrophils incubated only with buffer) or was drug induced (neutrophils with colchicine or diamide) using neutrophils obtained from the blood of newborn infants and their mothers. A greater proportion of infant and maternal neutrophils than controls formed caps spontaneously (P less than 0.01). The percent of capped neutrophils (mean +/- S.E.) for 24 infants and their mothers was 23 +/- 3 and 39 +/- 4, respectively, versus 13 +/- 2 for 26 controls. Spontaneous capping was significantly decreased when neutrophils were incubated with catalase and superoxide dismutase to suggest that it was related, at least in part, to oxidation. Drug-induced capping of infant and maternal neutrophils was decreased when compared to controls (P less than 0.05). Colchicine increased capping of control neutrophils 11.76-fold above the spontaneous value, whereas capping of infant and maternal cells was increased only 2.35- and 1.65-fold. Corresponding values for diamide were 11.94-, 2.27, and 2.49-fold for control, infant, and maternal neutrophils, respectively. Many cellular processes are involved in capping, and the mechanisms responsible for aberrant capping of infant neutrophils remain undefined. However, this is another property that distinguishes infant neutrophils from those of older individuals. PMID- 7290783 TI - [Deviations in the psychomotor development in children aged 2-4 in balanced studies in selected regions of the country]. PMID- 7290784 TI - [Growth acceleration patterns in a highly industrialized region in the years 1964 1974]. PMID- 7290785 TI - [Long-term observation of the process of growth and maturation in children with congenital hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7290786 TI - [Anthropometric indices of physical development of children and adolescents from rural areas of the Kaszuby Lake district]. PMID- 7290787 TI - [Comparison of the standards method and the Tanner-Whitehouse method in the estimation of skeletal age for clinical purposes]. PMID- 7290788 TI - [Psychological aspects of simple obesity]. PMID- 7290790 TI - [Various sexological indices in boys with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7290789 TI - [Natural feeding of infants in the Bydgoszcz province]. PMID- 7290791 TI - [The nurses' role in the evaluation of the psychological conditions of hospitalized children]. PMID- 7290792 TI - [The psychological-educational significance of a child's first hospital admission]. PMID- 7290793 TI - [The significance of physical activity in the health maintenance of pre-school children]. PMID- 7290794 TI - [Simple obesity in the developmental age]. PMID- 7290795 TI - [Doppler ultrasonic analysis of blood flow changes in children during shock]. PMID- 7290796 TI - [Pierre Robin syndrome - type and degree of developmental anomalies in 62 neonates and infants]. PMID- 7290797 TI - [Radiographic examination of the maxilla and mandible in Pierre Robin syndrome]. PMID- 7290798 TI - [Intussusception symptoms in children]. PMID- 7290799 TI - [Remote results of the surgical treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux and ureteral stenosis]. PMID- 7290800 TI - [Use of computer tomography in the diagnosis of tumors in children]. PMID- 7290801 TI - [Liposarcoma in children]. PMID- 7290802 TI - [Ovarian neoplasms in children]. PMID- 7290804 TI - [Crohn disease in children]. PMID- 7290803 TI - [Rare facial fissures (Tessier fissure no. 3-9]. PMID- 7290805 TI - [Primary mediastinal seminoma in a young boy]. PMID- 7290806 TI - [Ununited skull fracture in a 3-year-old boy]. PMID- 7290807 TI - [Abscesses of the left lobe of the liver in a 3 1/2-year-old child]. PMID- 7290808 TI - [Lymphocytotoxic effects of sera of polytransfused children on normal lymphocyte populations]. PMID- 7290809 TI - [Comparative findings in asthmatic children, using 2 methods (RWT and Tanner) of prediction of body height in adult age]. PMID- 7290810 TI - [Metaphyseal dysplasia of the Schmid type (description of 2 familial cases)]. PMID- 7290811 TI - [Diagnostic considerations on a case of infantile nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 7290812 TI - [Radiological evaluation of renal dimensions. A method of measurement in subjects aged 6 months to 14 years]. PMID- 7290813 TI - [Findings on skeletal maturation and statural growth in asthmatic children as related to corticoid therapy]. PMID- 7290814 TI - [Report of a case of partial trisomy 22:47,XX, + 22(p ter - q 12)]. PMID- 7290815 TI - [Hereditary fructose intolerance: description of 2 cases with early onset]. PMID- 7290816 TI - [Hepatotoxic effects of antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7290817 TI - [Lepore hemoglobinosis in the Campania region]. PMID- 7290819 TI - [Humanization of perinatal care]. PMID- 7290818 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the tolerability and effectiveness of a formula for low birth-weight newborn infants]. PMID- 7290821 TI - [Granulocytic function and lymphocytic populations in a case of Chediak-Higashi syndrome]. PMID- 7290820 TI - [Relation between serum ferritin and various indices of hepato-cellular damage in homozygous beta-thalassemia]. PMID- 7290822 TI - [Immunological study of the nephritic syndrome in childhood]. PMID- 7290823 TI - [Sandhoff disease: description of a case]. PMID- 7290824 TI - [Hepatotoxic effects of antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7290825 TI - [Experience with the therapeutic use of cefuroxime in neonatology]. PMID- 7290826 TI - [Familial translocation 2; 17 with partial trisomy 2q32 to 2qter]. PMID- 7290827 TI - [Cartilage-hair hypoplasia: clinical and immunological study]. PMID- 7290828 TI - [Thromboembolic manifestations in a case of homocystinuria]. PMID- 7290829 TI - [An unusual salt-losing syndrome: pseudohypoaldosteronism. Description of a case]. PMID- 7290830 TI - [Congenital agenesis of the triangular muscle of the lip]. PMID- 7290831 TI - [Fibrinolysis and blood coagulation in children with hemorrhagic vasculitis]. PMID- 7290832 TI - [Fibrinolytic activity of blood and urine in young children with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7290833 TI - [Age-related and geographic characteristics of cytochemical indicators of the lymphocytes in healthy children, newcomers to the Baikal-Amur Railway construction area and natives]. PMID- 7290834 TI - [Importance of computer tomography in the diagnosis of abdominal and retroperitoneal tumors in children]. PMID- 7290835 TI - [Effect of electroacupuncture analgesia on various biochemical changes in children in postoperative and post-traumatic periods]. PMID- 7290836 TI - [Fever of obscure etiology in young and older children]. PMID- 7290837 TI - [Neuropsychological status of preschool children]. PMID- 7290838 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of children with allergic diseases]. PMID- 7290839 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and diagnosis of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7290840 TI - [Clinical course and current methods of diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease in children]. PMID- 7290841 TI - [Acute cardiac insufficiency in children]. PMID- 7290842 TI - [Health care and morbidity control measures in the preschool institutions of the Latvian SSR]. PMID- 7290843 TI - [System of classification in ambulatory care of young children with perinatal pathology of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7290844 TI - [Preventive BCG vaccination and the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in a rural region]. PMID- 7290845 TI - [Congenital (primary) pulmonary hypertension (Ayerza's syndrome)]. PMID- 7290846 TI - [The response of neutrophils to endotoxin stimulation using the NBT test in cord blood of newborn infants]. PMID- 7290847 TI - [Utero-hydro nephrosis in rheumatoid purpura, ureteral stenosis?]. PMID- 7290849 TI - [Familial lymphohistiocytosis apropos of 2 new cases diagnosed during life]. PMID- 7290848 TI - [Chronic post-embolic cor pulmonale in a child after placement of a ventriculo atrial shunt for hydrocephalus--anatomic aspects]. PMID- 7290851 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance: a future physical study method in pediatrics?]. PMID- 7290850 TI - [Hemopericardium in hypodermosis in a child with partial factor IX and factor XII deficiencies]. PMID- 7290852 TI - [Blood and urinary aldosterone levels in normal neonates, infants and children]. PMID- 7290853 TI - [Anemia in Tunisian children more than 2 years old. Retrospective study of 164 hospitalization records]. PMID- 7290855 TI - [Persistent idiopathic lactic acidosis in a child (association with obesity and glucose intolerance]. PMID- 7290854 TI - [Solomon's epidermal nevus syndrome. A tetrasymptomatic case]. PMID- 7290856 TI - [A case of complex mosaic chromosomal aberration, 47 XY + 13, 48 XYY + 9]. PMID- 7290857 TI - [Diaphragmatic eventration of the right-side cupola]. PMID- 7290859 TI - Complexity of context and orientation of figure in the corridor illusion. AB - 12 subjects judged the magnitude of the corridor illusion as two independent variables were manipulated, complexity of context and orientation of the target figures. The contexts included a complete corridor, one with vertical elements deleted, and one having but two converging lines. Figures embedded within these contexts were thin black lines oriented either vertically or horizontally. Although the context had a significant effect upon the magnitude of the illusion, orientation of the judged lines did not. These results suggest that it is legitimate to use the corridor illusion to illustrate size-distance relationships. PMID- 7290858 TI - Reversed cerebral asymmetries as a potential risk factor in autism: a reconsideration. AB - This paper provides a methodological modification and reanalysis of the data presented by Hier, et al. in 1979 on the presence of unfavorable cerebral asymmetry in autistic patients. In contrast to prior findings, statistical significance was obtained, suggesting that it is premature to assert that such morphologic anomalies may be considered a risk factor in autism. PMID- 7290860 TI - Persistent phantom limb pain. AB - The role of psychological factors in 10 patients with painful phantom limbs was investigated by means of a questionnaire and interviews. The hypotheses were that the severity of pain would be positively correlated with their present personal problems and attitudes and with experience of pain in the limb before amputation. The first hypothesis was confirmed but the second was not. PMID- 7290861 TI - Perception of slant under reduced viewing conditions. PMID- 7290862 TI - Effect of trainer's presence and response-contingent feedback in biofeedback relaxation training. AB - The present study investigated the effects of a trainer's presence vs a trainer's absence on subject-controlled, response-contingent relaxation training. Ten college students each received either frontalis EMG biofeedback training with trainer present, biofeedback training with trainer absent or information/placebo control with a trainer present. The relaxation procedure included a .5-hr baseline session and five .5-hr. training sessions. Analysis indicated that the biofeedback groups showed greater within-session reduction of EMG activity than the control condition but did not differ from each other. Post-session EMG levels across training sessions showed a significant decrease for all three groups. However, the two biofeedback groups relaxed more across sessions than did the control group and the two biofeedback groups did not differ from each other. Subjective ratings showed that subjects in all conditions became more relaxed both within and across sessions. The results indicate that a trainer's presence is not crucial in facilitating subject-controlled, response-contingent relaxation training. PMID- 7290863 TI - Effects of an integrated physical education/music program in changing early childhood perceptual-motor performance. AB - Two approaches to facilitating perceptual-motor development in children, ages 4 to 6 yr., were investigated. The experimental group (n = 15) received 24 sessions of integrated physical education/music instruction based upon concepts of Kodaly and Dalcroze. The control group (n = 15) received 24 sessions of movement exploration and self-testing instruction. Analysis of covariance indicated that significant improvement occurred only in the experimental group, with discharges changes in the motor, auditory, and language aspects of perceptual-motor performance as well as total score. PMID- 7290865 TI - A psychometric approach to the measurement of color preference. AB - A three-part investigation was conducted to explore the meaning of color preferences. Phase 1 used a Q-sort technique to assess intra-individual stability of preferences over 5 wk. Phase 2 used principal components analysis to discern the manner in which preferences were being made. Phase 3 used canonical correlation to evaluate a hypothesized relationship between color preferences and personality, with five scales of the Personality Research Form serving as the criterion measure. Munsell standard papers, a standard light source, and a color vision test were among control devices applied. There were marked differences in stability of color preferences. Sex differences in intra-individual stability were also apparent among the 90 subjects. An interaction of hue and lightness appeared to underlie such judgments when saturation was kept constant. An unexpected breakdown in control pointed toward the possibly powerful effect of surface finish upon color preference. No relationship to five manifest needs were found. It was concluded that the beginning steps had been undertaken toward psychometric development of a reliable technique for the measurement of color preference. PMID- 7290864 TI - Stuttering and oral stereognosis. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate oral stereognostic performance of stutterers. In Exp. I, stutterers and controls responded "same"--"different" to two oral forms placed successively on their tongues. In Exp. II, stutterers and controls underwent two procedures. For half the items, the task was the same as in Exp. I; for the other half, subjects were presented a single form and visually identified that form from among others on a placard. In both experiments, stutterers made significantly more oral stereognostic errors than did their matched controls. PMID- 7290866 TI - Some factors influencing perceived goal distance in time: a preliminary check. AB - Perceived goal distance in time (PgD) is assumed to be influenced by (a) physical distance in time, (b) the individual's future-time orientation (FTO), (c) perceived intrinsic instrumentality of activity (PiI), and (d) the importance of the goal. The results, based on pupils (159 boys and 151 girls) in Grades 7, 8, and 9, showed that pupils high in future-time orientation (FTO) and perceived intrinsic instrumentality of activity (PiI), perceived any temporal distance (PgD) as shorter than those who were low in these variables. However, the most significant determinant of perceived goal distance in time (PgD), in addition in physical distance in time, was the importance of the future goal; a very important goal being perceived a much closer than an unimportant goal. PMID- 7290867 TI - Effects of legibility on verbal test performance of older adults. AB - Each of 46 adults age 63 to 85 yr. (M = 74.9) was given one or another form of a verbal test consisting of 11 subtests: Names, Information, Similarities (analogies), Arithmetic, Distances, Same/Different, Spelling, Scrambled Sentences, True/False, Definitions, and Reverse Definitions. Half of the participants were given Form L, printed in 14-point England Times; the other half were given Form S, printed in 9-point Helvetica. The content of the two forms was identical. The group given Form L scored significantly higher on six of the 11 subtests and on total score, compared with the group given Form S. Implications for improvement of test performance by improving test legibility are briefly discussed. PMID- 7290868 TI - Awareness training and regulated-breathing method in modification of stuttering. AB - Awareness has been shown to be an important variable in various types of learning in humans. Its role in the modification of different clinical disorders is promising. It is hypothesized that systemic awareness training prior to the introduction of regulated-breathing method would significantly improve fluency in stutterers. 16 stutterers (mean age 25.1 yr.) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, awareness training plus regulated-breathing method or regulated breathing method only. All clients were seen individually during two 90-min. sessions and were informed that their speech was being recorded. The percentage of stuttering and the rate of speech were analyzed. Awareness training significantly reduced stuttering compared to a control procedure. But the most significant improvement appeared after the introduction of the regulated breathing method. At a 1-mo. follow-up, although the frequency of stuttering was significantly less than during baseline, the level of disfluency was around 5%. From a clinical perspective, such results are far from satisfactory and no further follow-ups were conducted. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed to improve the efficacy of our therapeutic methods used to counteract stuttering. PMID- 7290869 TI - Extreme constriction of figure size as a personality trait indicator on Memory for-Designs. AB - Data on constriction of figures in the Memory-For-Designs from a previous study were re-analyzed using protocols which exhibited very frequent reduction in size. High constrictors (13 to 15 constricted designs) were compared to moderate constrictors (6 to 8 constricted figures) and to low constrictors (0 to 2 constricted figures). Analysis indicated that high constrictors were significantly different from low constrictors on two 16 PF variables. These differences, however, were not considered to be clinically, i.e., interpretively, significant. Even with extreme constriction, these data are consistent with previous research. PMID- 7290870 TI - Cognitive improvement associated with tricyclic antidepressant treatment of childhood major depressive illness. AB - 11 children fulfilling DSM-III criteria for major depressive illness were administered detailed neuropsychological batteries prior to and 3 to 6 mo. after starting tricyclic antidepressant treatment. Remission of depressive illness in children with melancholic major depression was associated with significant improvement in WISC-R Verbal IQ and Performance IQ, and on the Similarities, Comprehension, Block Design, and Coding subtests. In addition, there were significant improvements on the Halstead Categories test, on the Visual Reception subtest of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, and in response latencies on the Matching Familiar Figures test. Two children with evidence of mild left hemiparesis showed amelioration of hemiparesis during tricyclic antidepressant treatment. PMID- 7290871 TI - Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test and reading achievement. AB - With mental ages partialled out, the correlation of -0.25 between perceptual error scores of 102 remedial readers on the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test and Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests was not significant. Intra-group analysis of scores on reproduction showed that those in the organic classification made significantly more errors on the horizontal arrow figure. Inter-group analysis indicated significant differences among primary, secondary, and organic classifications with the organic producing the most errors on the horizontal arrow figure. Intra-group analysis of brain-damage indicators yielded no significant differences; inter-group analysis showed that those assigned the organic classification made significantly more errors in distortion of dots. PMID- 7290872 TI - Perceptual-motor learning with moderately retarded persons. AB - A visual-motor learning study was undertaken with 12 cultural-familial and 12 organic institutionalized retarded individuals to determine if organic signs on the Bender-Gestalt visual-motor test could be reversed. Statistically significant improvement was obtained with each group after 30 hr. of training. The results were discussed in relation to perceptual-motor regression and its potential for reversibility. Incorporating perceptual-motor regression exercises into the regular school program was suggested as an adjunct to current social and communication goals. PMID- 7290873 TI - Personality and injury in competitive runners. AB - 6 injured and 15 non-injured male runners were approached following competitive road races. They were requested to complete Form A of the Sixteen Personality Factor Inventory (16 PF) as well as a questionnaire specifically designed to obtain responses concerning physical and training measures. The injured runners appeared less toughminded and less forthright than the non-injured runners. Injured runners were also heavier, taller, and ran more miles per week than non injured runners. PMID- 7290874 TI - Increase in simple reaction time of knee extension induced by simultaneous bilateral performance. AB - Simple reaction time to an auditory stimulus was measured for separate unilateral and simultaneous bilateral knee-extension tasks. The latencies of the electromyographic discharge (155.3 msec.) and knee-joint movement (231.0 msec.) were longer in the bilateral condition than in the unilateral condition (139.2 and 218.8 msec., respectively), while the time difference between EMG onset and knee-movement onset was the same for the unilateral (79.5 msec.) and bilateral (76.2 msec.) conditions. Interhemispheric inhibition was discussed as the mechanism for this unilateral-bilateral difference. PMID- 7290875 TI - Relationship between creativity, repression, and anxiety in first graders. AB - The present study dealt with the extent to which creativity may be identified in 71 first graders and raised the question of whether and how creativity is related to anxiety and repression at this young age. Furthermore, correlation of 0.62 was obtained between creativity and decrease in repression. The various subtests and the four dimensions of creativity were separately analyzed in relation to anxiety and repression, and the results were discussed. No relation was found between intelligence and the dynamic variables of anxiety and repression. PMID- 7290877 TI - Correlations of scores on embedded figures and mirror tracing with preclinical technique grades and PMAT scores of dental students. AB - For 20 dental students the relationships of field dependency, scores on the dental admissions test, grades in technique courses, and time and error scores on mirror-tracing tests were studied. Significant correlations (-.48, -.58, -.65) were found between field-dependency scores and scores on the perceptual-motor abilities subtest of the Dental Admissions Test and between mirror-tracing test and pre-clinical operative grades (-.53). These preliminary results indicate that study of the perceptual-cognitive styles of dental studies is warranted to evaluate the potential utility of these measures in counseling and admissions. The mirror-tracing tests appear to have potential advantages as objective measures of psychomotor skills and learning ability. PMID- 7290878 TI - Video-game and conventional tracking. PMID- 7290876 TI - Recognition and recall: an electroencephalographic investigation of hemispheric alpha asymmetries for males and females on perceptual and retrieval tasks. AB - Hemisphere alpha asymmetries of males and females were obtained during the presentation of connected verbal material under instructions of recall or recognition and during the retrieval tasks requiring recall or recognition which were compared to a "vigilance" condition. Significantly more left hemispheric participation was found for the retrieval/recognition tasks than for the perceptual, listening tasks. The notion that brain mechanisms involved in information storage or retrieval for recall and recognition tasks are different was not supported. Asymmetries between the males and females did not differ. PMID- 7290880 TI - Observations on the divided line illusion. AB - Variations on the divided line illusion are presented, and these variations are used to illustrate the efficacy of assimilation theory in accounting for the results reported with this illusion. PMID- 7290879 TI - Spatio-temporal discrimination of frequency in the right and left visual fields: a preliminary report. AB - Normal right-handed subjects were presented with luminance patterns varying from sinusoidally in both space and time to the left and right visual fields. With no temporal variation in the stimuli, detection thresholds for the left visual field were lower than those for the right visual field for all spatial frequencies. However, with increasing temporal variations, a reversal in detection of threshold occurred, with the right visual field surpassing the left. This finding suggests that left and right visual processing may be differentially efficient for temporal and spatial visual information. PMID- 7290881 TI - Perceptual reactance as a function of short- and long-term stimulation. PMID- 7290882 TI - Sex and cultural differences in children's spatial and verbal memory span. AB - Spatial span (Corsi's block-tapping) and verbal span (Wechsler Digits Forward) were measured in 1113 children aged 4 to 10 yr. from urban and rural districts of the Regione Campania. Significant differences pointing to a better performance of the "town" group were found on both tests. Sex differences were found only on the spatial span test; boys performed better than girls. PMID- 7290883 TI - Model for the continuous description of motion and position. AB - A model is suggested for the continuous description of cyclical motion. The model is an application of the sinus equation and derives from the selection of a representative point of a bodily part for which movement is to be described, the identification of a reference axis, and the continuous representation of time. Although restricted to cyclical motion, the model seems useful for describing many behaviors of quite different species by means of the same descriptive elements. PMID- 7290884 TI - Simulation of a memory deficit on the Continuous Recognition Memory Test. AB - Simulation of a memory deficit on the Continuous Recognition Memory Test was studied, with 20 male and 20 female normal undergraduates assigned to each of two conditions. Simulation with prior test experience was studied by comparing performance following standard and then simulation instructions. A significant increase in false alarms was associated with a significant decrease in correct responses, d', c, and a slight decrease in hits. For studying simulation without prior test experience, the test was administered once with instructions to simulate. Performance was similar to simulation with test experience. Comparisons with the performance of closed head-injured patients were made. PMID- 7290885 TI - Perception of memorized works and nonwords. AB - In this experiment we tried to explain why a word is perceived more accurately than a nonword. We compared the accuracy of the tachistoscopic recognition of words with memorized words and of nonwords with memorized nonwords. We used the method of the critical interstimulus interval (Turvey, 1973). The results showed that the over-all performance was better in the word conditions than in the nonword conditions, but the influence of the memorizing factor was virtually nonexistent. This is in contradiction with two proposed hypotheses, the "feature redundancy theory" because the memorizing factor was not significant and Massaro's (1973) assumptions that the difference between words and nonwords is due to redundancy. Although words and nonwords were equated for redundancy, there remained a difference in processing time. Words and nonwords seem to be processed in essentially different ways. The word advantage seems to be dependent upon the subjects' strategy to consider the presented words as a whole. PMID- 7290886 TI - Stroop phenomena in the Japanese language: the case of ideographic characters (kanji) and syllabic characters (kana). AB - Utilizing a unique feature of the Japanese languages--that besides two syllabic orthographies, which have identical pronunciations, words with the same pronunciation may also be written in an orthography composed of ideographic characters--we have conducted an investigation of Stroop phenomena. The fact that pronunciations of the three Japanese orthographies are identical means that, if there are any differences between them in the Stroop phenomena observed, we can place the locus of this interference effect in the perceptual process. Five color names were written in the ideographic characters (kanji) and the two syllabic orthographies (hiragana and katakana). Color-congruent cards and incongruent cards were utilized in a color-naming task and a word-reading task. Mean required times for the color-naming condition and the word-reading conditions were compared with those for control conditions. Stroop phenomena were observed in both ideographic and syllabic orthographies. Significant differences in mean required times were observed between the ideographic and syllabic orthographies but not between the two syllabic orthographies. Interferences in comparisons of Japanese orthographies and color patch control conditions were much smaller than in the case of Stroop's (1935) experiment. A "Reverse Stroop Phenomenon" was observed only in the case of kanji on incongruent cards in the word-reading condition. The results support the hypothesis that both ideographic characters (in this case, kanji) and colors are processed in a parallel fashion in the non dominant right cerebral hemisphere, while syllabic or phonetic characters are processed in the dominant left cerebral hemisphere. PMID- 7290887 TI - Response sets in autistic echolalia. PMID- 7290888 TI - Physiological and psychological characteristics associated with women's participation in intercollegiate athletics. PMID- 7290890 TI - The meter of syncopated auditory polyrhythms. PMID- 7290889 TI - Visual field sensitivity on a two-choice discrimination task. PMID- 7290891 TI - The perceptual classification of speech. PMID- 7290892 TI - Does pattern matching require the normalization of size and orientation? PMID- 7290893 TI - Psychophysical scales of age based on marriage frequencies. PMID- 7290894 TI - Matching the rate of concurrent tone bursts and light flashes as a function of flash surround luminance. PMID- 7290895 TI - The dimensions of tonal experience: a nonmetric multidimensional scaling approach. PMID- 7290896 TI - Binocular interactions in suprathreshold contrast perception. PMID- 7290898 TI - Letter and word code interactions elicited by normally displayed words. PMID- 7290897 TI - Backward and forward masking associated with saccadic eye movement. PMID- 7290899 TI - The role of nonolfactory context cues in odor identification. PMID- 7290900 TI - Directing attention in the visual field. PMID- 7290901 TI - Interpretations of imagery-induced McCollough effects. PMID- 7290902 TI - Misinterpretations of imagery-induced McCollough effects: a reply to Finke. PMID- 7290903 TI - Imagery-induced McCollough effects: real or imagined? PMID- 7290904 TI - Whistling maids and crowing hens--hermaphroditism in folklore and biology. PMID- 7290905 TI - The trans-science aspects of disease and death. PMID- 7290906 TI - DDE residues in young wood ducks (Aix sponsa) near a former DDT manufacturing plant. AB - Breast muscle DDE residues were as high as 5.8 ppm wet-weight basis and 280 ppm lipid-weight basis in young wood ducks (Aix sponsa) collected on Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge near a former DDT manufacturing plant in northern Alabama. The average DDE residue in wood ducks collected nearest the plant was 46 times background levels 74 km from the plant. PMID- 7290908 TI - Thyroid follicular cells: the resting membrane potential and the communication network. AB - Intracellular recordings of membrane potentials, input resistance and time constant have been made in vitro from the follicular cells of the rat, rabbit and guinea-pig thyroid glands using glass microelectrodes. The passive permeability properties of these cells have been investigated by altering the concentration of one or more ions in the superfusing fluid. Investigations into the intercellular coupling characteristics of the thyroid gland were made by inserting two microelectrodes into neighbouring communicating cells. The mean transmembrane potentials were between - 60 and - 70 mV in all three species studied. The magnitude of the membrane potential in the rat was found to be dependent mainly upon the gradient for potassium (K+) across the membrane. Current-voltage relationships were investigated in all three species by injecting rectangular de- or hyperpolarizing current pulses through the recording microelectrode. Within a relatively wide range (- 20 to - 80 mV), there was an approximately linear relationship between injected current and change in membrane potential. The input resistance was about 11 Momega in all three species, while the time constant (tau) varied from 5-35 ms. Readmitting K to K-deprived rat thyroids during intracellular microelectrode recording caused a transient hyperpolarization which was unaccompanied by any change in input resistance. The transient hyperpolarization was abolished by ouabain. Addition of 10(-3) M ouabain to the resting cell caused an immediate depolarization of approximately 2 mV. Electrical coupling between neighbouring cells could only be observed if the distance between the tips of the two exploring microelectrodes was less than 15 micrometer. The coupling coefficient (V2/V1) was close to 1. Assuming uniform current spread within one follicle and electrical isolation of individual follicles from each other the specific membrane resistance of the rat thyroid follicular cells was calculated to be 4.9 komegacm2. PMID- 7290907 TI - Transmural distribution of myocardial high energy phosphates and lactate in relation to the epicardial ECG in the underperfused canine heart. AB - The influence of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) on the transmural distribution of myocardial metabolites was examined in the canine heart. Myocardial contents of high energy phosphates and lactate were measured in the inner, middle and outer third of transmural biopsies taken from the underperfused area of the left ventricle; simultaneously epicardial ECG was recorded. Maximum autoregulation of flow was reached when CPP was decreased by approximately 50%; this was indicated by the absence of reactive hyperemia. At this level, high energy phosphate and lactate contents as well as hemodynamic function remained relatively unaltered. At 40% of CPP, coronary flow and the high energy phosphate contents decreased significantly, especially in the subendocardium. At 30% of CPP, there was an accumulation of lactate and a decrease in creatine phosphate content to below one third of the control in all layers; under these conditions also the ST-segment of the epicardial ECG was elevated. The ST-segment appeared to be relatively insensitive to subendocardial damage; instead, elevation of the ST-segment seemed to be correlated wit the content of lactate in the subepicardium. PMID- 7290909 TI - Influence of ambient temperature on calorigenic action of thyroid hormones in young mice. AB - In 5- and 7-day-old HAICR mice the calorigenic action of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) was investigated at different ambient temperatures. After treating animals with 5 microgram T4 or 1 microgram T3 per g body weight and day, their oxygen consumption was compared with that of litter mate controls at 23 degree, 27 degree, 31 degree and 35 degree C. The hormone action was highly dependent on ambient temperature, 1 microgram T3 being most effective. A thyroid hormone effect could never be observed at 31 degree C, the animals' nest temperature. By application of propranolol, which almost selectively blocks nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), we could show that T3 increases minimal oxygen consumption (MOC) as well as the capacity for NST. In addition, it could be shown that also oxygen consumption of liver tissue of 5-day-old mice is elevated by preceding treatment with thyroid hormones. The ambient temperature effects are discussed in relation to the thermoregulatory situation of the mice during the early postnatal period. PMID- 7290910 TI - The existence of a tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism in the Amphiuma nephron. AB - A single nephron tubulo-glomerular feedback control of the glomerular filtration rate, which is known in mammalian animals, could be one way by which amphibians regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To investigate whether the Amphiuma means shows any sign of a tubulo-glomerular feedback control, micropuncture experiments were carried out. Six different series of experiments were performed. In the first series, tubular stop-flow pressure (SFP) was measured during distal tubular perfusion with amphibian Ringer solution at a rate of 10, 25 and 50 nl/min. A significant decrease of SFP was found at the three perfusion rates compared to the controls. In the second group, single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was measured, while the distal tubule was perfused at 10, 25 and 50 nl/min. At a perfusion rate of 10 nl/min the SNGFR did not decrease, whereas at 25 and 50 nl/min it decreased significantly. In the third group the perfusion pipette was located in the proximal tubule and the nephron was perfused at 10, 25 and 50 nl/min, while at the same time the proximal tubular stop-flow pressure was measured. No reduction of SFP was found at a perfusion rate of 10 nl/min, while significant reductions were noted at rates of 25 and 50 nl/min. In the fourth group the SNGFR was measured in the distal tubule beyond the macula densa and in Bowman's space of the same nephron. No significant difference was found. In the fifth group, the glomerular capillary pressure (GCP) was measured before and after blockade of the tubular fluid flow. No significant difference was found between these two measurements. The sixth series deals with the changes occurring at the single nephron level by the tubulo-glomerular feedback control. The single nephron filtration fraction (FF) was determined from efferent arteriolar protein concentration with and without a feedback-induced reduction of the SNGFR. The FF values were not significantly different from one another. From these results and data from the other series, the afferent (Raff) and efferent (Reff) arteriolar resistances were calculated. Reff did not change, while Raff increased significantly when a feedback stimulus was applied. These experiments indicate the existence of a tubulo-glomerular feedback control which depresses the SNGFR and SFP by contracting the afferent arteriole. PMID- 7290911 TI - Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in Amphiuma means. AB - To study renal function in Amphiuma means, the hydrostatic pressures in vascular and tubular structures and the glomerular filtration rate were determined at different arterial blood pressures. In the arterial blood pressure range studied no evidence of autoregulation of the glomerular capillary pressure of the hydrostatic pressure gradient over the capillary membrane was found. The glomerular filtration ceases at an arterial blood pressure below 12 cm H2O. No significant difference between tubular free flow pressure and peritubular capillary pressure was noted. Furthermore, it was found that the glomerular capillary pressure could be estimated by measuring the intratubular stop-flow pressure and arterial colloid osmotic pressure at an arterial pressure above 15 cm H2O. It was also found possible to measure the glomerular capillary pressure at the very end of the afferent arteriole. The protein concentrations in afferent and efferent arteriolar blood were determined and the colloid osmotic pressures were calculated according to a new formula derived for Amphiuma plasma. The dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration was evaluated. A filtration equilibrium across the glomerular membrane was reached, since the efferent colloid osmotic pressure was not significantly different from the hydrostatic pressure gradient across the glomerular capillary membrane. PMID- 7290912 TI - Averaging, selective averaging and latency-corrected averaging. AB - Although latency-corrected averaging and selective averaging represent frequency used alternatives to the time-locked averaging, little is known about the changes of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with their application. For this reason, visual evoked responses (VERs) to blank and checkerboard patterned flashes of light (5.6 cd/m2) were recorded in 15 subjects using a referential (Oz - A1 + 2) and a bipolar (Oz - Pz) derivation, and interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 1.4s and 2.4s; SNRs were calculated for all combinations. With time-locked averaging (referential derivation) the mean SNR of single VERs was 0.35 to blank stimuli and 0.68 to patterned stimuli. With latency-corrected averaging, the means SNR rose to 0.56 (0.74), and with selective averaging it increased to 0.81 (1.00). A combined procedure of selective and latency-corrected averaging yielded the highest mean SNR values of single VERs: 0.98 (1.21). Increasing ISIs from 1.4 - 2.4s did not change the results; the mean SNR values were always higher in bipolar than in referential derivations. The selective, latency-corrected averaging produced higher SNRs, and the group mean number of detectable single VERs (62% of the single VERs to blank stimuli, and 74% of the single VERs to patterned stimuli) and the latency variability of the single VERs: -0.33 +/- 14.5 ms (blank stimulation) and -0.48 +/- 13.96 ms (patterned stimulation). PMID- 7290913 TI - [The evaluation of combined oral and intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290914 TI - [Inferior vena caval extension of abdominal malignant neoplasm--significance of celiac angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290915 TI - [Clinical evaluation of repeat lymphography in management of the patient with malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290916 TI - [Seminoma of the testis--analysis on radiation therapy and result (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290917 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: analyses of histologic features, organs of involvement and prognoses of the patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290918 TI - [Improvement in resolving power of gamma camera utilizing superresolution. Part I. Fundamental experiment of a collimator in optical model (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290919 TI - [Method of risk estimates for genetic, leukemogenic and carcinogenic effects from medical and occupational exposures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290920 TI - Enhancement of metastatic pulmonary malignant lymphoma following lung irradiation. PMID- 7290921 TI - [Crural arterial occlusion in TAO and ASO. With an emphasis on arteriographic differentiation from congenital hypoplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290922 TI - [The clinical investigation of adrenal angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290923 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of pancreatic parenchymography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290924 TI - [Mandibular osteoradionecrosis in cancer of tongue. Time-dose consideration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290925 TI - [Laryngeal tuberculosis which were misdiagnosed as laryngeal cancer: a report of three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290926 TI - [Peritoneo-jugular shunt for irreducible ascites in the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 7290927 TI - [Liver damage following clomethacin treatment. 6 cases, including 2 deaths (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 6 cases of severe liver damage following clomethacin treatment. Three patients developed prolonged hepatitis, lasting more than 3 months, with biochemical and histological signs of activity; one patient committed suicide by overdosage and died of subacute necrotizing hepatitis; one patient died of chronic cirrhotic hepatitis after prolonged clomethacin-alpha methyldopa combined treatment, and there was one case of active hepatitis on latent cirrhosis. Drug toxicity was suggested by the presence of jaundice with occasional fever, urticaria or pruritus and eosinophilia, and by the lack of any other cause. It was confirmed in 3 cases by relapse of the condition after re introduction of the drug, in one case by the circumstances surrounding death (attempted suicide) and in one case by the deterioration observed with increased dosage. In one patient the responsibility of clomethacin was shared with alpha methyldopa, a potentially hepatotoxic drug. PMID- 7290928 TI - [Bilateral stenosis of the renal arteries with normal urography (author's transl)]. AB - In theory, negative urographic findings in severe hypertension exclude a renovascular origin. However, when both renal arteries are dysplastic urography may remain perfectly normal even though arteriography demonstrates tight stenoses and these patients are cured by surgical treatment. In the case reported here the only clinical sign of stenotic renal arteries was a systolic murmur on auscultation of the abdomen. PMID- 7290929 TI - [Tunnelling to insert grafts for arteriovenous fistulae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290930 TI - [Unpublished cause of failure of transvenous liver biopsy. Congenital abnormality of the superior cava system]. PMID- 7290931 TI - [Arterial hypertension and cancer of the kidney. A rare combination]. PMID- 7290932 TI - [Pseudo-neurosurgical manifestation of lithium poisoning]. PMID- 7290934 TI - [Cardiac arrest. Cerebral protection with penthiobarbital]. PMID- 7290933 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with cardiac localization]. PMID- 7290935 TI - [Embolic splenic infarction with an abscess caused by Salmonella panama]. PMID- 7290936 TI - [Reifenstein's or Klinefelter's syndrome?]. PMID- 7290937 TI - [The surgeons' criminal liability for homicide or involuntary injuries]. PMID- 7290938 TI - [Blood pressure measurement at rest and activity blood pressure load (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290939 TI - [Cefsulodine concentrations in cerebral ventricles during parenteral treatment of ventriculitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. AB - Cefsulodine, a new B-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, was used parenterally in combination with systemic and topical tobramycin to treat a patient with meningitis and ventriculitis due to Os, aeruginosa. Cefsulodine concentrations were measured simultaneously in serum and in cerebral ventricles. With doses of 500 mg four times a day, diffusion of the drug into meningeal spaces was rather poor, but with doses of 2 grams 8-hourly (100 mg/Kg/day cefsulodine concentrations in the ventricles were equal or superior to the average MICs against most Pseudomonas species. However, concurrent systemic and local administration of an aminoglycoside is required to ensure full bactericidal effect. PMID- 7290940 TI - [Acute voluntary or accidental disopyramide poisoning. A multicentric study of 106 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1972 and 1978, 106 case-records of disopyramide poisoning were collected from French anti-poison center. Acute intoxication was voluntary in 90% of the cases and occurred in young adults. Clinical symptoms appeared early and consisted mostly of cardiovascular disorders, which were present in 60 patients: cardiogenic shock (24 cases), circulatory arrest (17 cases), atrio-ventricular block (21 cases), intraventricular block (24 cases) and severe ventricular arrhythmia (12 cases). The toxic dose in otherwise healthy adults was 1,5 g and the mortality rate was high (12,2%). An analysis of therapeutic measures and outcome indicated that the best treatment consists of early gastric lavage, cardiorespiratory manoeuvres, electric heart stimulation, administration of sodium lactate in cases with intraventricular conduction disturbances and isoprenaline in cases with cardiogenic shock. PMID- 7290943 TI - ["Wholly mechanical" technique of total gastrectomy with jejunoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290941 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis on mitral prolapse revealed by cutaneous and neurological disorders. Usefulness of immunological investigations (author's transl)]. AB - In a 32-year-old woman with mitral prolapse, bacterial endocarditis was preceded by a long period of neuralgias and skin lesions. Thrombosis of the Sylvian artery heralded the onset of the disease which remained for a long time apyretic and was marked by several cerebral vascular accidents. After failure of antibiotic therapy the mitral valve was replaced by a Starr valve and the patient recovered. In view of the presence of immunological abnormalities in this patient, the mechanisms of the vascular lesions is discussed. Many authors are new giving a large place to "immunoallergic" theories in their attempts to explain the occurrence of non-specific arteritis in bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7290942 TI - [Gastric bezoar in diabetes mellitus. 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Diabetic gastroparesis is the gastric manifestation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and may result, on rare occasions, in the formation of a bezoar. This was the case in 3 patients (two women aged 36 and 66 and a 19-year-old man) whose insulin-dependent diabetes was complicated with neuropathy. All patients had marked glycaemic instability apparently related to digestive function. In one patient, a stable normoglycaemic state was obtained by continuous intravenous administration of carbohydrates until the bezoar had disappeared. In the other two patients, who had a long history of neglected digestive disorders, the bezoars provided intractable. In diabetics with dyspeptic symptoms, and particularly when neuropathy is present, it would be advisable to investigate for gastroparesis in order to prevent the development of a bezoar by dietetic and therapeutic measures. PMID- 7290944 TI - [Degenerated hepatic adenoma and parathyroid adenoma. Relation to hormonal treatment of polyadenomatosis]. PMID- 7290945 TI - [Adult-type respiratory distress syndrome in children. Course of the palmitic acid/stearic acid ratio in tracheal aspirations]. PMID- 7290946 TI - [Larva currens disclosing anguilluliasis 50 years after the patient's return from an endemic area]. PMID- 7290947 TI - [IgD myeloma of the leukemic type with myelofibrosis]. PMID- 7290948 TI - [Circulating anticoagulant during primosecondary syphilis and Q fever]. PMID- 7290949 TI - [Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia associated with Hodgkin's disease. Characteristics, prognosis and incidence (author's transl)]. AB - The records of 560 patients treated between 1972 and 1979 were reviewed. Nine patients had both autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA) and Hodgkin's disease; 3 of them belonged to a group of 176 patients in whom a Coomb's test had been systematically performed. The incidence of the association was 1.7%. Five out of 9 patients were in clinical stages III or IV, and 8 had "B" symptoms. All patients were treated with 3 to 6 courses of MOPP followed by irradiation. The survival rate was 56.5% at 89 months. Three patients died, none of AIHA. The discovery of an AIHA at the time of diagnosis or during the course of Hodgkin's disease, the frequent finding of an excess of plasmocytes in Hodgkin's tumours and the negativation of Coomb's test by irradiation of these tumours suggest that the anti-erythrocyte activity originates in the tumoral tissue. PMID- 7290950 TI - [Essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia and hepatitis B virus (author's transl)]. AB - Essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia is a nosological entity described by Meltzer and Franklin in 1966 and characterized by asthenia, arthralgias, purpura, glomerulonephritis and mixed IgM-IgG cryoglobulinaemia. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were studied in the sera and cryoprecipitates of 6 patients with the syndrome. Five (83,3%) had at least one HBV marker and three (50%) had HBsAg either in the serum or in the cryoprecipitate. HBV therefore seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia in a large number of cases. PMID- 7290951 TI - [Sodium nitroprusside in ischaemic complications of acute ergot poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - Various treatments have been tried against ischaemic complications of acute ergot poisoning, but no definite therapeutic approach based on a sufficient number of cases has yet been proposed. The mechanism of vascular spasm, the action of sodium nitroprusside and the good results obtained in 7 cases reported in the literature and in 2 personal cases have prompted the authors to suggest the use of this drug as first-choice treatment in these patients. PMID- 7290952 TI - [Hairy cell leukaemia with severe bone marrow insufficiency. Complete remission after chemotherapy in two patients (author's transl)]. AB - Comple remission was obtained in two patients with hairy cell leukaemia and severe bone marrow insufficiency, using combined chemotherapy (rubidazone, arabinosyl cytosine, 6-mercaptopurine and cyclophosphamide). The remissions -- as demonstrated by normal blood cell counts and differentials and complete disappearance of hairy cells and fibrosis in bone marrow biopsies -- have now persisted for 6 and 3 months respectively. Intensive chemotherapy should be considered in patients who, after splenectomy, still have severe bone marrow depletion with persistent anaemia, neutropenia and/or life-threatening thrombocytopenia. Protected environment in a haematology intensive care unit is a prerequisite of intensive chemotherapy in such patients. PMID- 7290953 TI - [Post-operative peritonitis due to Candida albicans. Two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Peritonitis due to Candida albicans is both rare and severe. One of the two cases reported was consecutive to subtotal pancreatectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis and the other to perforated ulcer. Genuine C. albicans peritonitis should be distinguished from ascites with superinfection. It is usually due to intra abdominal focal infection from a perforated hollow viscus. Depending on whether the infection is systemic or localized, antifungal drugs are administered systemically or topically. The surgical treatment is that of all peritonitis and meets with the usual of re-operation in search of deep residual septic foci. Cases with extraperitoneal candidiasis have a particularly poor prognosis. PMID- 7290954 TI - [Haemostasis of the aortic cannulation orifice with a fragment of pericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290955 TI - [Inflammatory rheumatism associated with intestinal parasitosis]. PMID- 7290956 TI - [A benign form of Wilson's disease]. PMID- 7290957 TI - [Respiratory depression after peridural administration of morphine]. PMID- 7290958 TI - [Septicemia caused by Capnocytophaga sputigena]. PMID- 7290959 TI - [Gianotti-Crosti acropapulo-vesicular syndrome in a primary infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus]. PMID- 7290960 TI - [Complete evacuation of cirrhotic ascites by pleural drainage]. PMID- 7290961 TI - [Current aspects of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7290962 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis in drug addicts. 20 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on 20 cases of bacterial endocarditis in heroin addicts, i.e. 9.1% of all cases of that infection observed over an 8-year period. The disease involved the tricuspid valve in 80% of the cases and was due to Staphylococcus aureus in the same percentage of patients. Diagnosis was sometimes difficult in the right heart but was confirmed by repeated echocardiography. Combined antibiotic therapy was administered for 45 days. Only one patient died of relapsing endocarditis on valve prosthesis. Six patients were operated upon: 2 for cardiac failure, 2 for persistent infection and 2 for recurrent pulmonary embolism. Three patients underwent valve replacement and 3 tricuspidectomy. The persistence of pulmonary embolism after eradication of the infecting organism does not seem to warrant surgery. PMID- 7290963 TI - [Recurrent meningococcal meningitis associated with complement C6 deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - In a young West-Indian woman recurrent meningococcal meningitis was found to be associated with hereditary deficiency of the C6 component of complement. Such an association has already been reported in 8 patients, all black. Measuring the total haemolytic complement would provide an easy way of detecting high risk subjects, who would benefit from immunization. PMID- 7290964 TI - [Markers in the detection and prevention of colorectal carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - The ever increasing frequency of colorectal carcinomas in Western countries justifies the search for, and development of early detection and prevention methods. The use of markers should improve the prognosis of such cancers in the near future. With the exception of occult blood testing, which has been used in mass screening, most markers are still reserved for high risk population studies. These markers will also help to detect pre-neoplastic conditions where prevention would be possible. PMID- 7290965 TI - [Mammary lymphatic scintiscans by intratumoral injection in the assessment of breast cancer. 105 examination in 100 patients (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and five scintiscans of the mammary lymphatic system were performed in 100 patients with breast cancer by intratumoral injection of 99 m Tc-labelled colloidal rhenium. The progression of the radioactive colloidal agent was followed on a series of films taken 1, 2 and 4 hours after the injection, and the images obtained were compared with post-operative findings of lymph node involvement. Patients with more than 3 carcinomatous lymph nodes had less than 2 foci of activity, while those with less than 3 carcinomatous lymph nodes had more than 2 foci of activity, owing to more rapid progression of the compound. The difference was highly significant (p less than 0,001). PMID- 7290966 TI - [Right ventricular sarcoma disclosed by right-left auricular shunt]. PMID- 7290967 TI - [Hemorrhagic ascites disclosing a myeloma]. PMID- 7290969 TI - [Food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus]. PMID- 7290968 TI - [Motor diarrhea disclosing Biermer's disease]. PMID- 7290970 TI - [Transient adrenal tumefaction demonstrated by scanography in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7290971 TI - [Myocardial infarction in a man handling oral contraceptives. Immunologic study]. PMID- 7290972 TI - [Medical treatment for hydatidosis?]. PMID- 7290973 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of flubendazole in human hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - A pharmacokinetic study of flubendazole was carried out, using a radioimmunological method, in patients with hydatid disease about to undergo surgery; there was no evidence of drug penetration into the walls or contents of the cysts. Another study, carried out simultaneously in subjects without hydatid disease, showed very high concentrations of the drug in liver tissue and in bile. These results should not be taken as arguments against the effectiveness of flubendazole, but should encourage the setting up of further randomized pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7290975 TI - [Carcinoma of the stomach. Resectability and survival rates in 408 operated patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 125 cases (30,6%) the tumour could not be removed, mainly because of peritoneal metastases and posterior extra-gastric extension. Tumoral resection was performed in 283 cases (69.4%), being palliative in 76 and considered as curative in 216 (52.9%). There were 177 distal gastrectomies, 40 proximal and 66 total gastrectomies with oesophageal resection adapted to the extent of the tumour. Operative mortality was 2.1% after resection and 8% after exploratory and derivative surgery. The five-year survival rates among 213 patients operated upon before December 1973, were 50.8% after curative resection, 39% for all resections and 27.7% for all patients who underwent surgery. The long-term prognosis was evaluated in relation to the site of the lesion, its depth of penetration into the gastric wall and its extension to the lymph nodes. Spreading superficial carcinomas had a five-year survival rate of 89.6% and their incidence (14% of all operated patients) did not change in recent years despite the increasing use of gastric endoscopy. Extension to the lymph nodes was a very important prognostic factor, since the five-year survival rate was 75% in patients with non-invaded primary lymph nodes, as opposed to 32% in patients with invaded primary lymph nodes and only 5% in patients with secondary node involvement. PMID- 7290974 TI - [Detection of haemoglobinopathies at birth, using isoelectric focalization (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence and nature of haemoglobinopathies were investigated at birth in Martinique, where 4635 samples of umbilical cord blood were examined. Conventional blood values were determined, and a new, extremely simple and highly selective test was performed: isoelectric focalization. Abnormalities were found in 14.3% of blood samples, viz: A/S 7.25%, A/C 3.17%, S/S 0.17%, S/C 0.24%, C/C 0.04%, other mutations 0.63% alpha-thalassaemia minor (alpha 1-thal) 1.72% and isolated microcytosis 1.01%. Unusual abnormalities included 7 different mutations of the 4a-chain, 3 of the beta-chain and 3 of the gamma-chain. The clinical and epidemiological importance of such investigations is emphasized. PMID- 7290976 TI - [Cold-induced paralysis of the phrenic nerve in open-heart surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Cold-induced injury of the phrenic nerve after pericardial cooling during open heart surgery has already been reported, but the post-operative consequences and long-term course of this complication have seldom been documented. Fifty cases (6.6%) of phrenic nerve paralysis were observed in a series of 750 patients undergoing open-heart surgery with topical cooling of the pericardium for myocardial protection. As infectious and respiratory complications (including atelectasis, bronchial obstruction, pleural effusion, pneumonia and bacteriaemia) were significantly more frequent (p less than 0.05) in these patients, assisted ventilation and intensive care were significantly more prolonged (p less than 0.01). Long-term follow-up of 42 patients (mean: 14 months; range: 3-42 months) showed inconstant and often incomplete regression of the paralysis. The complication can easily be prevented by using a plastic insulation pad during pericardial cooling and cold cardioplegia. PMID- 7290977 TI - [Endoscopy and bronchiolo-alveolar lavage in allergic asthma (author's transl)]. AB - The fiberoscope has widened the applications of bronchial endoscopy, facilitated intrabronchial exploration (including bronchiolo-alveolar lavage) and made it feasible to investigate asthmatic patients. In this paper, the authors compare intra-bronchial findings in 34 patients with allergic asthma explored between attacks and in a control group. In all cases, both endoscopy and bronchiolo alveolar lavage were well tolerated. The bronchi were normal in only 7 patients; the remaining 27 patients had evidence of mucosal changes and hypersecretion. No definite cytological pattern of allergic asthma could be established from cells removed by lavage. The mean total number of cells was the same in patients as in controls. There were individual variations in the number of lymphocytes, but patients with severe asthma had significantly more lymphocytes than those with mild asthma (p less than 0.02). Eosinophilia was common (28/34) but was more pronounced in patients than in controls (p less than 0.01). Patients also had more free mast-cells likely to release histamine in the presence of allergens. PMID- 7290978 TI - [The future of women with isolated abnormal infrared thermogram of the breast (author's transl)]. AB - Abnormal infra-red thermograms of the breast are called "isolated" when they are not accompanied by other clinical or paraclinical abnormalities. They occur in asymptomatic women systematically examined or in women consulting for mammary symptoms other than palpable nodules. Their incidence is about 10-15%. They are usually considered as "false-positive" findings, but when these women are regularly followed up breast cancers are found to occur with a frequency ranging from 5% to 38%. "False-positive" thermograms therefore imply a high risk of breast cancer. Extremely prolonged clinical surveillance with periodical radiothermic tests and, if necessary, guided biopsies are required for early detection of small-size or even impalpable mammary carcinomas. PMID- 7290979 TI - [Venous thrombectomy for acute femoro-ilio-caval thrombosis. Usefulness of ilio cavography with image intensification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290980 TI - [Subcapsular hematoma of the liver and hepatic distomiasis]. PMID- 7290981 TI - [Fatal meningitis in a patient cured of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7290982 TI - [Cortico-responsive deficiency of girdle muscles in nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria]. PMID- 7290983 TI - Clinical presentation of thalassemia major due to homozygous beta (0) thalassemia. AB - This study concerns the clinical presentation of all thalassemia major or intermedia in children admitted to out genetics department from January 1978 to December 1979. At electrophoresis and/or globin chain synthesis analysis on column chromatography. All these patients were shown to have homozygous beta(0) thalassemia. The clinical severity was highly variable, dependent on age at presentation and when the patient first became dependent on transfusions. On the main reasons for this variability may be associated with thalassemia 1 or alpha thalassemia 2 which have an incidence figure of 13 % in our population and hence also in these patients. Remarkable findings of the clinical and hematological picture were: (a) early spleen enlargement and growth deficiency; (b) MCV and MCH values intermediate between normals and beta-thalassemia heterozygotes; (c) normal mean hemoglobin A2 percentage and corpuscular concentration; (d) frequently increased transferrin saturation and ferritin levels; (e) presentation at age greater than 2 with hemoglobin levels about 9 g/dl usually associated with a milder course. PMID- 7290984 TI - A comparison of two staging systems for myeloma. AB - The data were evaluated for 43 myeloma patients who had had complete follow-up. A comparison was made of the prognostic significance of the staging systems proposed by Durie and Salmon (DS) and by Merlini, Waldenstrom, and Jayakar (MWJ) for multiple myeloma. Both of the three-stage systems show good statistical correlation with survival in our global analysis, although a higher log-rank P value was found for DS. Moreover, only stage I and III survival curves are really heterogeneous in MWJ, while each curve is significantly different from the other in DS. PMID- 7290985 TI - [Two cases of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia are reported. Both cases are documented by clinic, bone marrow biopsy, immunologic and isotopic studies. Such observations allow to point out the lymphoproliferative pattern that can be found among any agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. It is suggested that this disease includes a monoclonal lymphoid proliferation which may become the prevailing symptom. PMID- 7290986 TI - [Refractory anaemia with an excess of myeloblasts and cutaneous vasculitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290987 TI - [The first blood photographs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290988 TI - [From logical discovery to therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290989 TI - [Tomodensitometry in Hematology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7290990 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of adriamycin cardiotoxicity during polychemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Left ventricular function in 21 patients treated by polychemotherapy including adriamycin (ADM) has been studied by repeated echocardiographic examination. The mean rate of circumferential, the ejection fraction, and the shortening fraction are the most significant data obtained by this investigation. They permit the detection of early damage of left ventricular performance which increases progressively, confirming the dose-dependent nature of the cardiomyopathy. Supervision of patients under ADM is necessary to recognize those who rapidly develop cardiomyopathy. In these cases, treatment interruption may be beneficial. In contrast, patients with little left ventricular damage can be treated by a total dosage of ADM superior to that actually recommended. PMID- 7290991 TI - [Critical analysis of methods establishing prognosis of aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. AB - Three methods for evaluating short-term prognosis in patients with aplastic anemia have been evaluated in 147 adults and 46 children: Camitta's three qualitative parameters index [3], that of Lynch et al. [14], and Najean and Peckin's [16] multiparametric quantitative indices. All of them are similar, as far as sensitivity if concerned, i.e. the percentage of early deaths. In contrast, the first two have low specificity, i.e., they include a large number of patients in the high risk group who could survive and improve an androgen and maintenance therapy. The best method, however, correctly classifies only 75% of the patients, which suggests that some improvement is needed in the prognostic investigation. PMID- 7290992 TI - [Principles of non-mutilating radiotherapy of operable breast cancer]. PMID- 7290993 TI - [Microcalcinosis in breast cancer treated by radiotherapy]. PMID- 7290994 TI - [Diagnostic value of xeromammography in breast cancer treated by radiotherapy]. PMID- 7290995 TI - [Effects of age, sex, localization of neoplastic process and its degree on the changes in serum proteins]. PMID- 7290996 TI - [Effect of DTIC on the level of various blood components in melanoma]. PMID- 7290997 TI - [Non-Hodgkin pharyngeal lymphoma from case records of the Cracow Cancer Institute]. PMID- 7290998 TI - [Intratumor BCG immunotherapy of advanced malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7291000 TI - [Mechanical intestinal anastomosis with the use of the PKS 25 apparatus in rectal cancer]. PMID- 7290999 TI - [Common carotid artery ligation in hemorrhage from disintegrating neck neoplasms]. PMID- 7291003 TI - [Incidence of tuberculous meningoencephalitis among persons aged 0-19 years from 1968 to 1978]. PMID- 7291001 TI - [Incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Katowice district (excluding the Cieszyn region) 1965-1974]. PMID- 7291002 TI - [2 cases of Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7291004 TI - [Possibilities of the microscopic detection of histopathological changes and their various developmental stages in chronic progressive diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 7291005 TI - [Levamisole as an immunostimulant in primary lung cancer]. PMID- 7291006 TI - [Changes in the peripheral blood basophil count in bronchial asthma after physical exertion]. PMID- 7291007 TI - [Mediastinal pseudotumor in Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 7291008 TI - [Evaluation of the degree of atopy by means of the skin and radioimmunological tests (RAST and RIST)]. PMID- 7291009 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in bronchial tuberculosis]. PMID- 7291010 TI - [Ultrasonics in the diagnosis of lung diseases]. PMID- 7291011 TI - [Blood histamine levels in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7291012 TI - [Long-term observation of patients with pulmonary fibrosis with good treatment results]. PMID- 7291013 TI - [Immunoglobulins G, A and M in patients with sarcoidosis and convalescents]. PMID- 7291014 TI - [Extrapulmonary changes in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7291015 TI - [Functional diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 7291016 TI - [Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity in various respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7291017 TI - [Blood viscosity in silicosis]. PMID- 7291018 TI - [Pneumonectomy for lung cancer in a patient with lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 7291019 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia with displacement of the stomach into the thoracic cavity]. PMID- 7291020 TI - [Late diagnosis of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis]. PMID- 7291021 TI - [Reduction of the myocardial infarct area: fiction or reality]. PMID- 7291024 TI - [Determination of left-ventricular efficiency by means of non-invasive methods (polycardiography and echocardiography) in patients with chronic renal failure treated with repeated dialyses]. PMID- 7291023 TI - [Clinical course of acute myocardial infarct and blood concentration of lactates and pyruvates. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7291022 TI - [Effect of administration of various antibacterial drugs on hydroxyproline concentration in the rat lung]. PMID- 7291025 TI - [Hereditary coproporphyria]. PMID- 7291026 TI - [Trace elements and vitamins A, B1 and B2 in the serum of alcoholics]. PMID- 7291027 TI - [Deterioration of ventilation parameters following inhalation of fenoterol and salbutamol]. PMID- 7291028 TI - [One-step test of leukocyte migration inhibition in the presence of concanavalin A in chronic aggressive hepatitis]. PMID- 7291029 TI - [Kinetics of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. I. Ultrafiltration]. PMID- 7291030 TI - [2 cases of pericarditis of possible tuberculous etiology in patients on hemodialysis]. PMID- 7291031 TI - [Present-day views on the therapeutic use of nitroprusside]. PMID- 7291032 TI - [Advances in nephrology. The kidneys in bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7291033 TI - [Humoral and cellular immunity in patients with hematologic and lymph node neoplasms following levamisole immunomodulation]. PMID- 7291034 TI - [Triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in the acute stage of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7291035 TI - [Kinetics of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. III. Urea, creatinine, inulin, sodium, potassium and phosphorus in the blood plasma and dialysate]. PMID- 7291036 TI - [Selected parameters of lipid metabolism in acute and chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 7291037 TI - [Free and total hydroxyproline in the blood of patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms]. PMID- 7291038 TI - [Case of Caroli's syndrome]. PMID- 7291039 TI - alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone and the release of sex attractant odors in the female rat. AB - Sexually experienced male rats were used to test the attractiveness of odors of hypophysectomized females the male rats showed a clear preference for 4 days failed to alter the attractiveness of odors of hypophysectomized females and male rats showed a clear preference for the odors of females that had received 10 micrograms EB. Daily administration of 50 micrograms alpha-MSH failed to increase the attractiveness of odors of hypophysectomized females the male rats showed a clear preference for the odors of females that had received 10 micrograms EB. Daily administration of 50 micrograms alpha-MSH failed to increase the attractiveness of odors from females that received 2 microgram EB but was effective in females that had received 10 micrograms EB. However, no effect was seen in female rats that had been preputialectomized. alpha-MSH also increased the attractiveness of odors of posterior hypophysectomized rats in proestrus. Moreover, the reduction in odor attractiveness found after posterior hypophysectomy in female rats in proestrus was almost restored by alpha-MSH treatment. On the other hand, when the alpha-MSH treated posterior hypophysectomized females were in diestrus their odors were less attractive to male rats than those of the untreated controls. A similar reduction in odor attractiveness occurred in alpha-MSH treated posterior hypophysectomized females in proestrus after a single injection of progesterone. These results suggest that in the female rat alpha-MSH has a physiological role in controlling sexual odors from the preputial glands and by interacting with estrogen and progesterone can either enhance or reduce the attractiveness of these odors to male rats. PMID- 7291040 TI - alpha-MSH at physiological concentrations stimulates "late pathway" steroid products in adrenal zona glomerulosa cells from sodium restricted rats. AB - alpha-MSH stimulates steroid secretion by rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells and tissues but not fasciculata/reticularis cells when added to in vitro incubations. With glomerulosa cells from control animals on a normal sodium intake, production of corticosterone was significantly stimulated at an alpha-MSH concentration of 10(-9) moles per 1, with ED50 at 10(-8) moles per 1. Other steroid products, including 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B), 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18 OH-DOC) and aldosterone were only significantly stimulated at 10(-7) moles alpha MSH per 1. In contrast, in cells taken from animals subjected to dietary sodium restriction, aldosterone and 18-OH-B were significantly stimulated at 10(10) moles alpha-MSH per 1, whereas corticosterone and 18-OH-DOC were unaffected at all concentrations tested. Circulating plasma levels of alpha-MSH in control animals were 2.5 +/- 0.4 x 10(-10) moles per 1, but were unchanged by dietary sodium restriction or by sodium loss induced by diuretic (LASIX) administration. However, the threshold concentration at which alpha-MSH induces increased aldosterone secretion in cells from sodium depleted rats clearly falls well within the physiological range, and it is therefore likely that alpha-MSH contributes to the support of aldosterone secretion in these animals in vivo. PMID- 7291041 TI - Conversion of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 by a purified brain carboxypeptidase (cathepsin A). AB - A carboxypeptidase A-like enzyme known as cathepsin A was purified from rat brain by extraction with Triton X-100, followed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and gel-filtration. Purified enzyme was devoid of contamination of tryptic-like enzymes, by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (angiotensin converting enzyme) and of enkephalinnases cleaving the Tyr-Gly and Gly-Phe bonds of Met-enkephalin. Incubation of purified enzyme with Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, a naturally occurring enkephalin surrogate, was accompanied by the release of three products as detected by reverse phase HPLC. Subsequent amino acid analysis identified these as Phe, Met-enkephalin-Arg6, and Met-enkephalin, indicating cleavage at the Arg6-Phe7 and Met5-Phe6 bonds. Breakdown followed a precursor-product relationship with the hexapeptide appearing as an intermediate and the pentapeptide as the final product. The Km for cleavage of the Arg-Phe site was 0.09 mM. Rates of cleavage of hexa- and heptapeptide accord with those found for synthetic N-protected dipeptide substrates. Cathepsin A does not act as an enkephalinase in the accepted sense, since no breakdown of Met-enkephalin was observed. PMID- 7291042 TI - Differential neurobehavioral effects of neurotensin and structural analogues. AB - Neurobehavioral effects of neurotensin and structural analogues in which tyrosine in position 11 was replaced by either its d-isomer [D-Tyr11]-NT, phenylalanine [Phe11]-NT or D-phenylalanine [D-Phe11]-NT were studied. Results demonstrate that whereas neurotensin and [Phe11]-NT significantly decreased motor activity in rats, [D-Tyr11]-NT and [D-Phe11]-NT produced a marked and significant increase in activity. Such dichotomous action between analogues was not found for the hypothermic and muscular relaxation effects of neurotensin. PMID- 7291043 TI - Cholecystokinin and enkephalin levels following ethanol administration in rats. AB - Using radioimmunoassay, cholecystokinin and enkephalin levels were determined in the brain and gut of rats following ethanol administration. Acute or chronic administration of ethanol did not affect the cholecystokinin or enkephalin content of rat brain cortex, hypothalamus, striatum or proximal small bowel. This contrasts with the reports of altered levels of several classical neurotransmitters following ethanol administration. PMID- 7291044 TI - Intraventricular administration of MSH induces hyperalgesia in rats. AB - In a completely crossed, double blind designed study, six rats received intraventricular injections of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 micrograms of alpha-MSH and a placebo. The rats were tested for response to painful thermal stimuli with the tail-flick test. All of the doses of alpha-MSH produced hyperalgesia during the first 20 min of testing. Only the 1.0 microgram dose of alpha-MSH produced hyperalgesia throughout the 80 min course of the experiment. This study, coupled with previous reports that MSH/ACTH fragments may attenuate morphine-induced analgesia, suggest that MSH can have opposite actions from those of the endorphins. It is possible that alpha-MSH and related peptides may be endogenous anti-opiates. PMID- 7291045 TI - [Cellular immunity in Hodgkin's disease in complete remission]. PMID- 7291046 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in acute poisoning]. PMID- 7291047 TI - [Incidence and intensity of angina pectoris after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7291048 TI - [Long-term follow-up in acquired hemiplegia in children]. PMID- 7291049 TI - [Rheoencephalographic and tensometric studies in patients with brain tumors]. PMID- 7291050 TI - [Effect of air containing gasoline, wolfram, titanium, cobalt and vanadium on the phagocytic activity of leukocytes]. PMID- 7291051 TI - [General health status of epileptic women]. PMID- 7291052 TI - [Difficulties of differential diagnosis of kidney neoplasms and cysts]. PMID- 7291053 TI - [Therapeutic management of deep frostbite of the extremities]. PMID- 7291055 TI - [Ultrasonography in abdominal diseases]. PMID- 7291056 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7291054 TI - [Euglobulin fibrinolytic activity of blood flowing through arteriosclerotically changed arteries before and immediately after reconstructive operations]. PMID- 7291057 TI - [The blood coagulation system in mitral valve defects]. PMID- 7291059 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in chronic subdural hematomas]. PMID- 7291061 TI - [Diagnostic value of leukocyte potassium determination]. PMID- 7291058 TI - [Relation between the degree of arrhythmia and left ventricular contraction periods in auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7291060 TI - [Accidental lithium carbonate poisoning]. PMID- 7291062 TI - [Effect of tobacco smoking on the cerebral blood vessels in rheoencephalographic studies]. PMID- 7291063 TI - [Effect of uremic toxins on the activity of transketolase in human erythrocytes]. PMID- 7291064 TI - [Usefulness of the Formotest reagent in the detection of formaldehyde in repeatedly used dialyzers]. PMID- 7291065 TI - [Emission of industrial and community gases and dusts and the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi and lungs in the autochtonous population of Zabrze in the years 1965-1975 given the character of industrialization]. PMID- 7291066 TI - [A comparison of diagnosis by non-psychiatrists and psychiatrists in patients attending for the 1st time the Mental Health Outpatient Clinic in Kielce]. PMID- 7291067 TI - [Acute encephalopathy with fatty liver degeneration (Reye's syndrome)]. PMID- 7291068 TI - [Course of electrical and mechanical ventricular activation during electrical pacing]. PMID- 7291069 TI - [Value of the analysis of the ECG P wave for the evaluation of hemodynamic disorders in myocardial infarct in the light of invasive studies]. PMID- 7291070 TI - [Clinical significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria in non-pregnant women]. PMID- 7291071 TI - [Case of familial colonic polyposis]. PMID- 7291072 TI - [Plasma riboflavin and thiamine content and their average consumption in a selected group in the rural population of the Poznan region]. PMID- 7291073 TI - [Organochlorine insecticide residues in the adipose tissue 8 years after removing these substances from the market]. PMID- 7291074 TI - [Proposal for a stricter classification of intestinal villous atrophy based on correlations of histological and quantitative evaluations]. PMID- 7291075 TI - [Immunochemotherapy in cases of advanced laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7291076 TI - [Case of amnesia after head injury]. PMID- 7291077 TI - [Factors determining prognosis after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7291078 TI - [Usefulness of pantomography in diagnosis]. PMID- 7291079 TI - [Myocardial infarct in women under 40 years of age]. PMID- 7291080 TI - [Radiotherapy of various suppurative inflammatory skin diseases]. PMID- 7291082 TI - [2 cases of post-inflammatory hyperbilirubinemia after hepatitis A]. PMID- 7291081 TI - [Evaluation of various methods of treating warts]. PMID- 7291084 TI - Anaphylaxis in patient with nasal polyps is likely due to aspirin sensitivity. PMID- 7291083 TI - [Chromosome aberrations in fetuses and neonates]. PMID- 7291085 TI - Quinidine, procainamide therapy can be switched from oral to IV for surgery. PMID- 7291086 TI - Long-term prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 7291088 TI - Acute colitis. A logical approach to diagnosis and management. PMID- 7291087 TI - Communications. PMID- 7291090 TI - The limits of the laboratory: nuances of normality. PMID- 7291089 TI - Diarrheal disorders in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7291091 TI - Assessment of oxygen transport and availability. PMID- 7291092 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy. Indications and complications. PMID- 7291094 TI - Carotid bruit. The physician's dilemma. PMID- 7291093 TI - Office psychotherapy. Supportive techniques and indications for referral. PMID- 7291095 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. For evaluation of cholestasis. PMID- 7291096 TI - Familial perceptions of juvenile diabetes. PMID- 7291097 TI - Otalgia: identifying the source. PMID- 7291098 TI - The association of oesophagitis with disease in the stomach and duodenum. AB - The records of all upper digestive endoscopies performed in one year in the Clinical Measurement Department of a teaching hospital serving a population of 250 000 were reviewed; 25% of patients had oesophagitis, which was usually associated with other significant findings such as peptic ulcer and gastroduodenal erosions. Only about 1 in 6 patients with oesophagitis had an endoscopically identified hiatus hernia. Oesophagitis was associated with gastric acid hypersecretion in both men and women. PMID- 7291099 TI - Serum trypsin levels in acute pancreatic and non-pancreatic abdominal conditions. AB - Serum trypsin levels have been estimated by radioimmunoassay in 26 healthy controls (248 +/- 94.9 micrograms/l; mean +/- s.d.), 12 patients with chronic renal failure (1100 +/- 584 micrograms/l), 34 with acute pancreatitis (1399 +/- 618 micrograms/l) and 23 with acute non-pancreatic abdominal conditions. Mean serum trypsin in acute pancreatitis and in chronic renal failure was significantly higher than in control group (P less than 0.001). Serum trypsin levels were well above the upper limit of normality in all patients with acute pancreatitis and in all but one with chronic renal failure. Serum trypsin was markedly raised in one patient with a traumatic haemoperitoneum and in one of the 11 with peptic ulcer perforation, and moderately raised in 3 of the 6 with acute cholecystitis. Determination of serum trypsin seems to be a specific test for acute pancreatitis, provided renal failure has been excluded. However, the authors suggest it should be prospectively measured in a larger series of acute non-pancreatic abdominal conditions. PMID- 7291100 TI - Toxic megacolon in ulcerative colitis: a continuing challenge. AB - The incidence, predisposing factors, management and outcome of toxic megacolon (TM) has been reviewed in 65 cases of severe ulcerative colitis (UC) and compared in 2 successive 6-year periods before and after January, 1973. Nineteen episodes of TM occurred in 18 patients. Despite a conscious aim towards earlier surgery in recent years this was not achieved, and despite more intensive medical therapy the incidence of TM was unchanged. Emergency operative mortality in UC fell from 36% to 21% but the mortality of TM remained at 30%. The chief cause of death was colonic perforation. Mortality was associated with increased age, longer pre operative hospital stay and lower levels of serum albumin. These findings reemphasize the need for earlier surgery if TM is to be prevented, but such a policy must result in some unnecessary emergency colectomies. PMID- 7291101 TI - Primary polycythaemia presenting with chorea. AB - A case of primary polycythaemia presenting with severe chorea is reported and compared with previous cases. The aetiological factors of the chorea are discussed and the importance of early diagnosis stressed. PMID- 7291102 TI - Symptomatic hypopituitarism revealing a primary empty sella turcica. AB - A 64-year-old nulliparous woman presented with clinical signs of thyroid and adrenocortical insufficiency. Subsequent hormonal investigations demonstrated a failure of all anterior pituitary functions. Pneumotomo-encephalography revealed a large arachnoid herniation, leading to the diagnosis of primary empty sella turcica syndrome with secondary panhypopituitarism. This unusual observation emphasizes the necessity of ruling out an empty sella turcica syndrome in patients with pituitary insufficiency. PMID- 7291103 TI - Potassium shift in thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. AB - A thyrotoxic patient who initially presented with periodic paralysis is described. Precipitation of an attack by a high carbohydrate diet was associated with only a modest fall in plasma potassium but with a marked rise in total blood cell potassium. PMID- 7291105 TI - Failure of cimetidine to suppress immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and hypercalcaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Cimetidine has been reported as suppressing the excess parathyroid hormone secretion and hypercalcaemia seen in hyperparathyroidism. A case of primary hyperparathyroidism is described, in which the level of circulating parathyroid hormone and hypercalcaemia remain entirely unaffected by cimetidine. The drug is implicated in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism unsuitable for surgery, but present evidence, as reviewed, is insufficient to recommend the use of cimetidine in this way. PMID- 7291106 TI - Cerebral lupus erythematosus responding to plasmaphaeresis. AB - A 44-year-old nurse with a 12-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus developed a schizophrenia-like psychosis due to cerebral lupus. Prednisolone in doses up to 200 mg daily was ineffective. Levels of immune complexes by the Raji cell assay were greatly increased in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Plasma exchange was performed on 4 occasions over 4 days. Three days later, there was a marked and sustained improvement in the mental state, the psychosis resolved and tests of psychological function and electroencephalographic abnormalities improved. There was a corresponding decrease in levels of immune complexes and in titres of anti-neuronal antibody. Five months later, several serological indices had risen to pre-plasmaphaeresis levels except for the level of immune complexes. The patient remained in clinical remission. This case provides further evidence that high levels of circulating immune complexes may be a determinant of cerebral lupus and that plasmaphaeresis may be of lasting benefit in this disease. PMID- 7291107 TI - Tuberculosis after jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - A patient contracted tuberculosis after 2 operations for morbid obesity. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment is described. Jejuno-ileal bypass is a non physiological operation, with many reported complications and side effects. Following this short experience the author and his colleagues have now abandoned this operation. Patients suffering from malnutrition as a result of slimming operations should be carefully monitored for tuberculosis. PMID- 7291104 TI - Marfan's syndrome presenting as bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. AB - A case of bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a 14-year-old girl with previously undiagnosed Marfan's syndrome is described. The pulmonary abnormalities of Marfan's syndrome are not commonly encountered and bilateral pneumothorax is itself a rare event which, in most instances, has been reported following invasive procedures. PMID- 7291108 TI - Disturbances of sex hormones in anorexia nervosa in the male. AB - Sex hormone levels were measured in a male patient with anorexia nervosa throughout the course of his illness and recovery. Gonadotrophin levels returned to normal with weight gain but his testosterone remained low. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. PMID- 7291109 TI - Recurrent septic arthritis due to Pseudomonas sp. AB - Two episodes of Pseudomonas septic arthritis occurred in an 84-year-old diabetic man separated by a 6 year interval. Pseudomonas is an unusual cause of septic arthritis requiring vigorous antibiotic therapy. The recurrence of the infection may be related to the inadequate response to treatment in the first episode, however, the long interval remains unexplained. PMID- 7291110 TI - 'Malignant' macroscopic appearance of an inflammatory testicular lesion--a reminder for surgeons. AB - Inflammatory changes in the tunica vaginalis testis may assume a misleading appearance which is highly suggestive of malignancy. Obviously, histological examination is crucial for establishing the corrent diagnosis. This phenomenon has been described in texts dealing specifically with testicular pathology, but is not emphasized in standard text books of urology, surgery or pathology. An illustrative case serves as the basis for discussing this entity, for the purpose of familiarizing it to surgeons, urologists and pathologists who are yet unaware of it. PMID- 7291111 TI - Granulomatous vasculitis of the penis with glomerulonephritis. AB - Wegener's granulomatosis is characterized by a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of the upper and lower respiratory tract together with glomerulonephritis. Presentation is usually with symptoms referrable to the upper respiratory tract, the glomerulonephritis manifesting itself weeks or months later. A case is reported of a man presenting with a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of his penis who subsequently developed glomerulonephritis 18 months later. PMID- 7291113 TI - Torsion of the Fallopian tube in a premenarchal girl. AB - A case of isolated torsion of the normal Fallopian tube, masquerading as acute appendicitis, in a premenarchal girl is presented. The aetiology is considered and the literature reviewed. PMID- 7291112 TI - Rupture of the cervix during prostaglandin termination of pregnancy. AB - A case of uterine rupture following extra-amniotic prostaglandin E2 with a subsequent obstetrical complication is reported. PMID- 7291115 TI - Monitoring adverse effects of drugs in the community. PMID- 7291114 TI - Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the urinary bladder. AB - Spontaneous rupture of the bladder is a rare occurrence but carries a high mortality. A female case is reported and the mode of presentation, investigation and management discussed. PMID- 7291116 TI - Cardiovascular screening. PMID- 7291117 TI - Breast and gynaecological screening. PMID- 7291118 TI - Paediatric screening in general practice. PMID- 7291120 TI - Medical examinations for life insurance. PMID- 7291119 TI - Hypertension screening by computer--is there a danger? PMID- 7291121 TI - Urinary screening in general practice. PMID- 7291122 TI - Community medicine in Busselton. PMID- 7291123 TI - Is screening of value in general practice? PMID- 7291124 TI - Nuclear power plants: a physician's issue? PMID- 7291125 TI - Emergency planning in the nuclear age. PMID- 7291126 TI - The thalidomide embryopathy. An analysis from the UK. PMID- 7291127 TI - Lethargy in general practice. PMID- 7291128 TI - Hypnosis and its application in general practice. PMID- 7291130 TI - [Coronary angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291129 TI - The antidepressant action of flupenthixol. PMID- 7291131 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse: diagnostic sign or disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291132 TI - [Metabolic acidosis and alcoholic cirrhosis--respective role of the kidney and of the chloride ion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291133 TI - [Psychological-psychiatric problems of mid-life (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291134 TI - [Myriapoda: Chilopoda and diplopoda centipedes and millipedes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291135 TI - [Thiamine prevention of the corticosteroid reaction afer surgery]. AB - Thiamine effect on the blood 11-HOCS, hydrocortisone and corticosterone levels were studied in patients subjected to herniotomy and/or appendectomy under local anaesthesia. Intramuscular injections of thiamine in a dose of 0.12 g one day and 1.5 to 2 hours before surgery reduced the corticosteroid reaction prior to the operation (psychogenic factor effect) and at the height of the surgery (operation trauma effect). The subsequent administration of the vitamin averted a decrease in the blood corticosteroid level within the postoperative period. Positive results of experimental and clinical studies allow recommending thiamine as an effective remedy for adrenal gland protection from functional exhaustion at surgical stress. PMID- 7291136 TI - [Diagnostic value of the determination of serum hexokinase activity in thyroid cancer and autoimmune thyroiditis]. AB - The blood serum hexokinase (HK) level was studied in 122 patients suffering from thyroid diseases. Relatively low level of HK activity (3.96 +/- 0.78 ME) was seen in the blood of patients with thyroid malignant tumor and its rise was observed in all the patients with non-tumor injuries of this organ: in nodular euthyroid goitre 1.38 +/- 0.25 ME; in diffuse-toxic goitre 0.83 +/- 0.67 ME. The blood serum HK activity (3.43 +/- 0.73 ME) of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis did not statistically differ from that of the patients suffering from thyroid cancer. PMID- 7291137 TI - [Blood protein disk electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes]. AB - Quantitative and qualitative differences of the serum protein fractions in comparison with the control group were revealed in Shereshevsky-Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes (26 and 21 patients, respectively); this was found to be connected with the prevalence of monosmia-X of homozygotes Hp 1-1 in Shereshevsky Turner's syndrome, and of homozygotes Gc 2-2 in Klinefelter's syndrome. The detected features of the serum proteins in case of sex chromosomes anomalies pointed to the complicity of the genetic and hormonal regulation of blood serum composition. PMID- 7291138 TI - [Diagnostic value of the detection of serum antibodies to corticosteroma homogenates in primary chronic adrenal gland insufficiency]. AB - To differentiate tuberculous and autoimmune affections of the adrenal cortex the Mantoux test was made in 15 patients with primary chronic adrenal insufficiency (PCAI), indirect hemagglutination with tuberculin antigen was performed and antibody titre to corticosteroma homogenate antigens was determined, in addition to the clinical pattern examination, by means of passive hemagglutination (the Boyden test). Antibodies to antigens from corticosteroma cells in the high titre (1 : 10240) were found in 5 of 6 patients without tuberculous affection of adrenals and in 4 of 9 subjects with adrenal tuberculosis. The study of the level of antibodies to corticosteroma homogenate antigens in the blood serum of patients suffering from PCAI cannot serve as a reliable criterion for differentiating the tuberculous affection and adrenal cortex destructive atrophy, often induced by autoimmune process. PMID- 7291139 TI - [Diagnosis of atypical forms of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 7291140 TI - [Estrogen-dependent changes in DNA synthesis in the rat adenohypophyseal cells]. AB - Estradiol benzoate injection to intact and ovariectomized rats during four days was accompanied by a marked increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation rate in DNA of incubated adenohypophyses. 17 beta-estradiol addition to the culture medium selectively augmented the lactotropic cell percentage in the primary monolayer culture, undergoing DNA synthesis stage. Possible pathways of mediated and direct estrogen effects on DNA synthesis by adenohypophyseal cells are discussed. PMID- 7291141 TI - [Glucocorticoid kinetics in Cushing's syndrome treated with chloditane and large doses of reserpine]. AB - The paper is concerned with the results of the studies on corticosteroid kinetics (secretion rate, distribution volume, metabolic blood clearance, mean daily blood cortisol content and excretion of free hormone with urine) in 44 patients suffering from Icenko-Cushing's disease, treated with chloditane and/or chloditane combined with massive reserpine doses. The above parameters increased in Icenko-Cushing's disease during clinical remission after chloditane or chloditane and reserpine treatment. No differences between effects on glucocorticoid secretion and metabolism after the treatment with chloditane or chloditane in combination with high reserpine doses were recorded. PMID- 7291142 TI - [Quantitative analysis of lesions of the aortic and carotid artery endothelium in experimental diabetes in rabbits by scanning electron microscopy]. AB - A significant increase in the number and zone area of argyrophil cells, craters and stomata of the intracellular formations were seen in the aortic and carotid pectoral and peritoneal regions of rabbits with 5-week alloxan diabetes. The number and zone area of vascular de-endothelization did not increase. Cell polymorphism, apart from maintenance of pronounced argyrophilia and micro injuries, occurred to diabetes of 5-month standing. Deranged properties of the macrovascular endothelial integument may be of great importance in the pathogenesis of atheromatosis in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7291143 TI - [Circadian rhythm of cortisol levels and its precursors in different phases of the menstrual cycle in baboons]. AB - Radioimmunoassays were used to study in experiments on sacred baboons the circadian rhythms of dehydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, progesterone, pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone in the folliculin and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The circadian rhythms of dehydrocortisone and 11 deoxycortisol secretion were seen in both phases of the cycle. The maximum content of the plasma steroids were recorded in the morning while the minimum one in the evening and at night. The circadian rhythm of the progesterone level in the folliculin phase correlated with the time course of changes in dehydrocortisone concentration. In the luteal phase, the maximum hormonal levels were seen in the evening and at night. The circadian rhythms of pregnenolone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone secretion were not pronounced in the folliculin phase. However, in the second half of the cycle, the amplitude of circadian rhythms increased, correlating with the dehydrocortisone level rhythm. The daily average concentration of the adrenal steroids tended to decrease in the luteal phase of the baboon menstrual cycle. PMID- 7291144 TI - [Effect of lutropins on oocyte maturation and ovulation in various carp-like fishes in vitro and in vivo]. AB - The study of biological effect of LH and iso-LH isolated from the hypophyses of higher vertebrates on two zoons of carp-like lower vertebrates, has shown that both preparations injected in vivo induce maturation of female loaches, while in the carp, iso-LH stimulates fish maturation and LH single and/or repeated doses (2-3 injections) do not provoke female maturation. Both preparations in vitro stimulate the maturation process and the loach oocyte ovulation, but the character of this effect is dissimilar. LH exerts a high stimulating effect on the loach oocyte maturation and a low one on ovulation. Iso-LH possesses a more complicated biologic effect, depending on its concentration in the medium. Within the limits of 0.01 to 0.2 mg/ml concentrations stimulation of 50% oocyte ovulation is observed (80% ovulating normally), while within 0.5 to 4-5 mg/ml concentrations a more pronounced ability to stimulate the maturation process, but almost the same capability as in the first concentration limits to stimulate the ovulation process, is seen. A comparison of the biological effects of both preparations on the carp oocytes in vitro has shown LH to possess marked maturation-stimulating activity and almost complete absence of ovulation stimulating action, while iso-LH to be less active as a maturation process stimulant, but to exert a high stimulating effect on ovulation process of mature oocytes. PMID- 7291145 TI - [Prolactinemia in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Prolactin, triiodothyronine, thyroxin and thyrostimulating hormone content was determined in juvenile and middle-aged females with preserved menstrual cycles by radioimmunoassay. The indices studied were shown not to be dependent on the menstrual cycle phase (P greater than 0.05). In patients with thyrotoxicosis, a remarkable increase in prolactin level, which correlated with triiodothyronine content, was observed. PMID- 7291146 TI - [Urinary calcium excretion in a renal form of primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - The renal calcium transport was studied in 31 patients with the renal form of initial hyperparathyroidism. The amount of calcium excreted from 100 ml glomerular filtrate was lowered in patients with hyperparathyroidism comparatively to normal (0.11 +/- 0.005 mg% against 0.19 +/- 0.005 mg%). Determination of filtration calcium is proposed to be used as a diagnostic test in this pathology. In spite of the fact that the increased percentage of calcium tubular reabsorption detected simultaneously is statistically significant, this test seems to be less reliable diagnostic criterion because of minute quantitative differences (99.0 +/- 0.054%, the normal being 98.1 +/- 0.31%). PMID- 7291147 TI - [Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in acromegaly]. AB - The functional state of parathyroid glands and calcitonin-produced thyroid C cells was studied in 25 patients with acromegaly. 14 subjects were in the active stage of the disease and 11 persons developed clinical remission. The study on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) basal levels was performed by radioimmunoassay, using the standard test-sets of DRG K degrees (USA). It was shown that acromegaly is characterized by the secondary hyperparathyrosis occurrence, accompanied by a typical disorder of functional interactions between parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. During the stabilized stage of the disease PTH and CT basal levels decrease, not reaching, however, normal values. Besides, the active form of hypercalcitoninemia manifestation, depending on the disease duration, was found out. PMID- 7291148 TI - [Case of a severe form of diabetic osteoarthropathy]. PMID- 7291149 TI - [Use of benemycin during cortisone therapy of patients with chronic adrenal gland hypofunction]. PMID- 7291150 TI - [Clinical variants of Sheehan's syndrome]. PMID- 7291151 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the hypoglycemic activity of glyoxamide and tolbutamide in normal states and in experimental diabetes]. PMID- 7291152 TI - [Effect of graded muscular exercise on the morphofunctional characteristics of the adrenal glands of dogs in experimental hypocorticism]. AB - Morphological and functional equivalents of the adrenal response to repeated intramuscular injections of chloditan (o,p'-DDD) at a dose of 25 mg/kg in maize oil solution were studied in 29 mongrel male dogs. In the presence of evident glucocorticoid function inhibition (according to the control of 17-HOCS biochemical findings in the urine), the animals ran every day on the treadmill up to 3B and 4th stages of the organism response (according to the cardiovascular and respiratory system parameters, obtained in the running process). The maximum number of o,p'-DDD injections per animal was 40 and that of exercises 31. On the basis of morphometric, histological, histochemical and electron microscopic methods the optimizing effect of the motor activity on the adrenal structure under conditions of the glucocorticoid function inhibition was shown. Optimum of such effect is within the limits of the running up to stage 3B. The adrenal zones manifest different effects, concerning both the character and intensity of the reaction, upon chloditan administration and quantitatively various motor activities. PMID- 7291153 TI - [Electrolyte, water and hexosamine content of animal tissue in hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis of different degrees of severity]. AB - Sodium and water content progressively grows in the skeletal muscles and skin of thyroidectomized dogs in the course of diuresis fall and in rats under thyroid gland chemical blockade. The skin hexosoamine concentration, influencing water retention depending on hypothyrosis duration, increases. The potassium content in the dog muscles and skin as well as in the rat muscles is lowered, being unchanged in the rat skin. In experimental thyrotoxicosis of dogs during polyuria the sodium and water content in the muscles and skin is reduced after thyroxin administration, the potassium level remaining unchanged. In latter pathology (oliguria development) sodium and water retention in the tissues is observed, the potassium level being decreased. Similar changes are seen in rats following thyroxin injection. PMID- 7291155 TI - [Clinical importance of the leukocyte migration inhibition test in thyroid diseases]. AB - The leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) was used to examine a group of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and diffuse toxic goiter. The LMIT is likely to be used as an additional histological test for evaluating the correlation between the cellular and humoral types of autoimmunity in thyroid diseases. PMID- 7291154 TI - [Effect of thymectomy on the activity of various enzymes controlling energy metabolism in the rat tissue]. AB - Hexokinase (HK), glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity in the red and white skeletal muscles, aorta, myocardium and spleen of experimental animals was determined to study the late metabolic results 1 year after surgery. Comparatively to sham-operated and intact rats a remarkable increase in the activity of all the spleen enzymes of thymectomized rats seems to be caused by the cell content change of this organ. In the rest tissues examined an increase HK activity, marked to a different degree, was seen, whereas G-6-PDH and MDH activity remained unchanged. PMID- 7291156 TI - [Roentgenomorphological correlates in thyroid diseases (based on thyroidolymphographic data)]. AB - Thyroidolymphography was performed in 84 patients, suffering from thyroid diseases, and 4 healthy subjects (control group), aged 15 to 68 years. Accurate histological examination of the removed thyroid tissue was carried out to determine the diagnostic value of lymphography. It was concluded that thyroidolymphography may be regarded as an organ specific research method, allowing one to judge the internal thyroid structure. PMID- 7291157 TI - [Comparative study of dysproteinemia and proteinuria in diabetic nephroangiopathies]. AB - Albumin clearance and proteinuria selectivity were studied in 61 patients with diabetes mellitus of different severity by means of disc-electrophoresis. It was shown that the total protein excretion and albumin clearance are not dependent on the disease severity, but they are more intensive in patients with pronounced nephropatic symptoms. 3 degrees of proteinuria selectivity were detected in the patients examined: high, moderate and low (39.3, 44.3 and 16.4% of the patients, respectively). The extent of proteinuria selectivity was not dependent on diabetes severity and decreased in the process of the renal affection development, showing the change in the glomerular basal membrane permeability. The studies of proteinuria selectivity may serve as an additional criterion for early glomerulosclerosis diagnosis and therapy in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7291158 TI - [Possibilities of infrared thermography in the differential diagnosis of functional and organic stages of microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The results of thermographic studies of the limbs of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus of different severity and duration are presented. Thermogram changes expressed by IR-radiation decrease in the foot and hand distal regions or "amputation" thermograms of feet and hands are characteristic of peripheral microangiopathy. Thermoasymmetry is more typical of the arterial atherosclerotic affection. The use of nitroglycerin test allows one of differentiate functional and organic vascular injuries and to judge the compensation of peripheral circulation. PMID- 7291160 TI - [Case of malignant corticosteroma complicated by pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 7291159 TI - [Sex and age differences in the peripheral blood aldosterone levels]. AB - Age-associated and sexual differences in the adrenocortical glomerular zone function of normal subjects were studied by radioimmunoassay. The blood plasma aldosterone content (13.46 +/- 1.18 ng%) of adult females (27) was 20.7% higher than that of the males (22) of the same age (11.15 +/- 0.56 ng%). An increase in the blood aldosterone content in menopause appears to be due to the hyperestrogenic phase (the first menopausal phase in women) and estrogen stimulated aldosterone synthesis. Sexual differences in aldosterone secretion disappear with age. Aldosterone content is significantly lower in males and females, age over 80 years, than that in younger subjects, and sexual differences are absent. PMID- 7291161 TI - [Case of recovery from diabetes insipidus complicating diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7291162 TI - [Obtaining prolactin-I125 with the use of lactoperoxidase adsorbed on zirconium phosphate]. PMID- 7291164 TI - [Hepatocyte size in rats with alimentary obesity]. AB - A comparative study was carried out on populations of the hepatic cells, taken from rats with alimentary obesity and hyperinsulinism and from animals with the normal body weight. It was concluded that the hepatic cell sizes remained unchanged in the obesity degree examined despite the morphological signs of hepatocyte changes due to accumulation of excessive cytoplasmatic lipids. PMID- 7291163 TI - [Various characteristics of catecholamine metabolism in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Catecholamine metabolism was studied and compared with thyrotoxicosis in 205 patients, depending on the age, illness severity and therapy type. Analysis of the data obtained allowed one to observe some peculiarities of catecholamine metabolism in thyroid hyperfunction: i. e. biosynthesis inhibition and catecholamine metabolism intensification, shunting of these monoamine metabolic changes from oxidative deamination to O-methylation with simultaneous H- and O methylation growing. The role of thyroid hormones in catecholamine biosynthesis and metabolic deactivation was proved. Such an effect on thyroid hormones is estimated as a reaction, promoting inhibition of the sympathycoadrenal system functional activity. PMID- 7291165 TI - [Comparison of subcellular changes in the adrenocortical glomerular zone induced by heparin and its diuretic effect]. AB - The experiments were carried out on 420 non-inbred male rats. Heparin was injected subcutaneously in doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg a day. The animals were decapitated on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 30th and 60th day after the drug administration, as well as 20 and 50 days following 10-day heparin injection and 30 days after 30-day use of the drug. Changes, developed in the adrenocortical glomerular zone after a long-term heparin administration, were studied by means of light and electron microscopy. Morphological data were compared with the changes, that occurred in spontaneous diuresis and the running water- and saline induced diuresis or natriuresis. The initial heparin-produced ultrastructural changes in the adrenocortical glomerular zone cells indicate the hormone synthesis and release activation, accompanied by a decrease in spontaneous diuresis and natriuresis and the development of high renal sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone. Morphological signs of a decrease in the glomerular zone hormone-forming cell activity are seen in the adrenals after prolonged heparin use (by the 10th day). Spontaneous diuresis proportion continuously rises but does not correlate with natriuresis. The renal response to antidiuretic hormone changes and sensitivity to adrenaline are reduced. From the 30th day the cholesterol depot tends to gradual restoration. Ultrastructural of the adrenocortical glomerular zone returns to normal quite slowly after the drug withdrawal. PMID- 7291166 TI - [Model of thymus gland dysfunction]. AB - The thymus dysfunction induced by different doses of lymphocyte-stimulating substance, thymozine, antilymphocyte immunoglobulin and prednisolone effect upon the hormonal-immunologic balance of the hypophyseal-thymus-adrenocortical system, was studied in guinea pigs. It was stated that thymomegalia is accompanied by intensified lymphopoiesis (mainly, owing to T-lymphocytes), somatostimulating hormone and prolactin hypersecretion by adenohypophysis and the adrenocortical glucocorticoid function inhibition. Inverse proportional changes are seen in the thymus hypoplasia. The data obtained may serve as a reliable criterion for physiology and pathology of the thymus and conjugated organs and systems. PMID- 7291167 TI - [Integration of phthisiology an pulmonology in an industrial region]. PMID- 7291168 TI - [Pneumonia in patients admitted to tuberculosis hospitals]. PMID- 7291170 TI - [Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]. PMID- 7291171 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7291169 TI - [Remote results of a follow-up of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients]. PMID- 7291172 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and early diagnosis of tuberculosis in adolescents]. PMID- 7291173 TI - [Bronchial patency in mild forms of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7291174 TI - [Prevention of hemorrhage into the pleural cavity after pneumonectomy for tuberculosis]. PMID- 7291175 TI - [Spontaneous pneumothorax and acute pyopneumothorax as phthisiopulmonological emergencies]. PMID- 7291176 TI - [Treatment of pneumopleurisy and acute pyopneumothorax in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7291177 TI - [Pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults with atypical localization]. PMID- 7291178 TI - [Incidence of hemoptysis in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7291179 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in patients over 60]. PMID- 7291180 TI - [Regional lung functions in tuberculosis treated with tuberculin and chemotherapy]. PMID- 7291181 TI - [Kinetics of isoniazid metabolism after intravenous administration]. PMID- 7291182 TI - [Effect of laser irradiation on bone regeneration after intra-articular necretomy in experimental tuberculous coxitis]. PMID- 7291183 TI - [Nephrogenic pulmonary edema simulating disseminated tuberculosis]. PMID- 7291184 TI - New developments in the field of ileitis and colitis. PMID- 7291185 TI - The rising danger from radioactivity. PMID- 7291186 TI - Neurosurgical management of intractable pain. PMID- 7291187 TI - Psychology of retirement. PMID- 7291188 TI - Erythrocyte/endothelial interactions and the vasocclusive severity of sickle cell disease. AB - Sickle - but not normal - RBC adhere to human endothelial cells. This abnormal behavior requires neither deoxygenation nor frank morphologic distortion of the sickle RBC. Although adherence increases as RBC density increases (presumably paralleling the accumulation of membrane damage), even the least dense sickle and youngest sickle RBC adhere abnormally to endothelium. Data suggest that adherence to endothelium is a consequence of an aberrancy of sickle RBC membrane surface charge topography (clumping of NANA), which it turn may be related - at least in part - to abnormal calcium accumulations in sickle RBC. The propensity for endothelial adherence varies greatly among patients with sickling disorders, and it correlates positively and significantly with clinical vasocclusive severity. The inherent tendency for endothelial adherence of washed sickle RBC from a given patient shows little temporal variation, regardless of the patient's state of health. However, plasma factors which may fluctuate during concurrent illness have an enhancing effect of RBC/endothelial interactions in vitro and may increase the likelihood for vasocclusion by increasing adherence in vivo. It is not yet clear whether adherence is in itself a fully sufficient condition for the development of vasocclusion. It may be that RBC adherence to endothelium initiates vasocclusion by impeding microvascular blood flow and thereby allowing the secondary occurrence of reversible sickling, thus leading to pain crisis and organ infarction. PMID- 7291190 TI - Studies on the isolation of intermediate compounds between hemoglobin and ligands. PMID- 7291189 TI - Abnormal vesiculation and calcium transport by 'one-step' inside-out vesicles from sickle cell anemia red cells. Comparisons with transport by intact cells. PMID- 7291191 TI - Structural and functional studies of hemolysates from genetically selected high and low level DPG rat strains. PMID- 7291192 TI - Subunit assembly of hemoglobins A and S. AB - It has been demonstrated that a difference in affinities of beta A and beta S chains for alpha chains exists. Furthermore, differential rates of dissociation of beta A and beta S chain tetramers have also been measured. It appears that the overall assembly of Hb A and Hb S, in vitro, can be governed by either the dissociation or combination reactions of its non-alpha-subunit. PMID- 7291193 TI - Precipitation of hemoglobin by zinc: the detection and isolation of unstable hemoglobins and the concentration of dilute hemoglobin solutions. PMID- 7291194 TI - Malignant hyperthermia (MH): porcine erythrocyte damage from oxidation and glutathione peroxidase deficiency. AB - Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a severe familial disease in both the pig and the human, with 70% fatality when fully expressed in humans. MH produces rapid elevation of temperature in response to stresses, of which there are two general kinds: Societal or emotional stress, and chemical stressors. The most commonly encountered stressor is halothane, a general anesthetic in wide use. Besides large temperature increases, there occur some twenty symptoms. Much work in other laboratories has been concentrated on elevated CPK i the plasma. However, all the symptoms are consistent with a single disorder, namely oxidative damage, especially in membranes. A deficiency in the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) system is a prime factor, likely the molecular basis allowing abnormal oxidative damage in the MH pig. Catalase activities are normal in MH pigs, but they have only 20 50% normal GPX activities. The deficiency does not cause oxidative damage. It allows failure or protective mechanisms against it. The nonstressed MH animal exhibits less acute symptoms, e.g. enhanced red cell Heinz bodies, but such animals generally mature. Under stress, their inadequate protective mechanisms dependent on GPX are overwhelmed, resulting in gross symptoms and crisis. It is important to concentrate on the GPX system(s) and their adjacent pentose shunt metabolism. We propose that a deficiency in any of these two systems is the molecular basis of the disease. Many tissues are involve in MH, but the red cell obviously provides a convenient means for assay and for screening. This paper mainly pertains to porcine MH. However, preliminary work with humans indicates that human MH has a similar molecular basis. PMID- 7291195 TI - The construction of the red cell cytoskeleton. AB - The state of actin in the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton has been examined. The presence of ADP, rather than ATP, as the predominant nucleotide species reinforces the view that actin occurs in the polymerized form. Redeterminations of the amounts of the three cytoskeletal proteins, spectrin, actin and 4.1, present in the cell allow evaluation of some of the stoichiometric constraints on the construction of the cytoskeleton. The available evidence is compatible with a network consisting of spectrin tetramers as the structural members, attached at both ends to junctions consisting of 4.1 and short filaments (or 'protofilaments') of actin. Electron micrographs of isolated cytoskeletons support such a picture. The dynamic state of the actin has been studied, using the DNAase assay method. The results indicate that whereas native monomeric actin is present in the cell, only a small proportion of the subunits of the protofilament can enter into an equilibrium with this pool. A considerable proportion of the cytoskeletal actin is not liberated under conditions that dissociate F-actin and is evidently tightly associated with spectrin and 4.1. Attention is drawn to the possible consequences of ATP depletion on the state of the actin and thus of the cytoskeleton. PMID- 7291196 TI - Altered red cell cytoskeletal protein associations leading to membrane instability. PMID- 7291197 TI - The physiological significance of oxidative perturbations in erythrocyte membrane lipids and proteins. PMID- 7291198 TI - Regeneration of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and ATP of stored erythrocytes by phosphoenolpyruvate; a new preservative for blood storage. AB - In ACD solution which contains PEP and sucrose was used as a preservative solution as well as a medium for rejuvenating depleted erythrocytes. 2,3-DPG and ATP in whole blood or red cell concentrates were increased effectively by incubating the cells with the solution at 37 degrees C for 30-60 min. The transport of PEP through the erythrocyte membrane was essential to the increase of 2,3-DPG and ATP. During storage of the cells at 4 degrees C in the presence of PEP, no increase of 2,3-DPG and ATP was observed because no transport of PEP into the cells occurred. By incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min at the end of various storage periods, however, the levels of ATP and 2,3-DPG in the cells were raised. Addition of ascorbic acid, purine or purine nucleosides to the ACD sucrose-PEP solution improved the PEP effect of maintaining ATP and/or 2,3-DPG in erythrocytes during storage at 4 degrees C. PMID- 7291199 TI - Replacement of red cell functions by cyclic fluorocarbon emulsions. PMID- 7291201 TI - Erythrocyte metabolism of purines and purine nucleosides during storage and simulated physiological conditions. AB - Some results from storage experiments at +4 degrees C with adenine and purine nucleosides in this laboratory are compared with incubation experiments at 37 degrees C with guanosine at pH 7.0 and 7.4 and different levels of inorganic phosphate (iP). At high iP concentration the synthesis of GTP was extremely rapid. Replacement of ATP by and ATP-GTP mixture has metabolic effects on several enzymic steps e.g. phosphofructose kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase explaining the reported beneficial effect on human erythrocytes during preservation. In order to explore the role of erythrocytes in the physiological transport of purines and purine nucleosides in vitro experiments were designed in which the substances were continuously added at the appropriate concentrations by means of a dialysis tubing. Analyses of purines, nucleosides, glucose, lactate and iP in the efferent dialysis solution and the extra- and intracellular volumes reveal the metabolic processes in the erythrocytes if the transport across the dialysis tubing is accounted for. Prior to incubation the erythrocytes were stored with NaF in order to reduce the total adenylate concentration. The rate of synthesis of adenylates was about 0.05 mmol x h(-1) (calculated per litre of erythrocytes) when adenine was supplied as source for the adenine moiety of adenylates but reached a five times higher substance rate when adenosine was supplied at a sufficiently high rate. Adenosine deaminase played an important role also at "sub physiological" concentrations. The results indicate that the erythrocytes take part in the transport of purines between organs. PMID- 7291200 TI - The effect of structural modifications on beta 93 sulfhydryl reactivity of human hemoglobin studied by means of selected mutations and minor components. PMID- 7291202 TI - Pharmacogenetic interactions in G6PD deficiency and development of an in vitro test to predict a drug's hemolytic potential. AB - To summarize our results and their implications, by adding induced mouse liver microsomes to an in vitro test for the hemolytic potential of a drug in G6PD deficiency, we found that: 1) Hydroxylation appears to play an important role in activating the hemolytic potential of many drugs. 2) Use of an in vitro test system combining drug, hydroxylation system and red cell, appears to be very reliable in ruling out hemolytic potential, when it is in fact absent, and about 80% effective in identifying hemolytic potential when it is present. 3) Acetylation seems to markedly reduce the hemolytic potential of two drugs studied: promizole and DDS. The genetic polymorphism in acetylation may explain the bimodal response to promizole. 4) These studies suggest that interaction among three pharmacogenetic systems produces a given hemolytic result. Variability of hydroxylation and acetylation rates can be expected to contribute to variability in individual responses to certain hemolytic drugs. PMID- 7291203 TI - Effect of divicine and isouramil on red cell metabolism in normal and G6PD deficient (Mediterranean variant) subjects. Possible role in the genesis of favism. AB - Fava beans contain high amounts (up to 6.7 g/100 g dry weight) vicine and convicine. Their active aglycones divicine and isouramil have equivalent metabolic effects. They rapidly oxidize GSH to GSSG in normal and G6PD-deficient red cells. No regeneration of GSH occurs in deficient cells. The stoichiometry of the divicine oxidation of GSH is 1:1. Ascorbic acid is quickly oxidized by isouramil in both normal and deficient cells but regenerates only in normal cells. Isouramil oxidizes NADH at a much lesser extent than NADPH. Glycolysis is activated at the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase step. Divicine strongly stimulates hexone monophosphate shunt only in normal red cells. Divicine alone or associated with ascorbic acid has almost no effect in deficient red cells. Malonyl dialdehyde production is slight and virtually the same in normal and deficient cells treated with 5 mM isouramil. Large polypeptide aggregates are formed after 12 and 24 hours incubation with 1 mM divicine in deficient cells only. Divicine (0.25 mM) markedly decreases the filterability of deficient cells. The results are consistent with a causal role of divicine/isouramil in the genesis of the hemolytic crisis occurring in G6PD-deficient subjects after fava bean ingestion. PMID- 7291204 TI - Hematocrit and hemoglobin, ATP and DPG concentrations in Andean man: the interaction of altitude and trace metals with glycolytic and hematologic parameters in man. PMID- 7291205 TI - Alpha thalassemia and homozygous sickle cell disease. PMID- 7291206 TI - Zinc deficiency and effects of zinc supplementation on sickle cell anemia subjects. AB - In this paper clinical similarities between sickle cell anemia patients and zinc deficient subjects, the latter as reported from the Middle East have been presented. Zinc levels in plasma, red cells, hair and neutrophils were decreased in our adult patients with SCA. The activities of certain zinc dependent enzymes such as plasma RNase, red cell carbonic anhydrase, leucocyte alkaline phosphatase, and deoxythymidine kinase activity in freshly synthesized collagen connective tissue were consistent with the concept that indeed zinc deficiency occurred in SCA patients. Zinc supplementation under controlled conditions showed that the SCA patients gained weight, their serum testosterone level increased and plasma ammonia level decreased. Finally, we also observed abnormal dark adaptation in some SCA patients which improved following zinc supplementation. Inasmuch as we have previously reported that the number of irreversible sickle cells decrease following zinc supplementation, we would like to suggest that zinc supplementation at earlier age may be benefical in preventing organ damage. In conclusion, zinc supplementation should be prescribed for patients with SCA, particularly if they show evidences for zinc deficiency. PMID- 7291207 TI - The influence of sodium taurocholate (TCNa) on the absorption of salicylic acid from the rat small intestine. PMID- 7291208 TI - Content and dissolution uniformity testing of controlled release products. The Repro-Dose quality control procedure. PMID- 7291209 TI - [Interactions between anti-arrhythmic agents, antacids and antidiarrheals. IV. Procainamide and propranolol: adsorption on antacids and antidiarrheals and the effect of these latter on in vitro absorption]. PMID- 7291210 TI - Application of PMR spectrometry in pharmaceutical analysis, IV. Assay of nalidixic acid. PMID- 7291211 TI - [A general method of simulating blood levels from dissolution data. 1. Single dose]. PMID- 7291213 TI - Diffusion through artificial lipid barriers of two forms of betamethasone and correlation with in vivo data. PMID- 7291212 TI - Stability study of aminophylline suppositories. Part I: Decomposition products and specific assay method for ethylenediamine. PMID- 7291214 TI - [Mathematical model of the release of a prolonged-action form of indomethacin]. PMID- 7291215 TI - [Dermatologic agents. I. Skin resorption and skin and mucous membrane disinfection]. PMID- 7291216 TI - [Endogenous opiates. Biosynthesis of enkephalins and endorphins]. PMID- 7291217 TI - ["Chewing sticks"--popular for tooth care and tooth brushing]. PMID- 7291218 TI - Suppression of drinking by naloxone in rats homo- and heterozygous for diabetes insipidus. AB - The effects of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, alone and in combination with morphine, were examined on drinking induced by water deprivation in homo- and heterozygous Brattleboro rats manifesting an inherited diabetes insipidus. Both naloxone and a structurally-related congener, naltrexone (0.01-10 mg/kg), attenuated water consumption is a dose-related fashion of 1 hr water-deprived homozygotes, which exhibit a complete absence of vasopressin. Drinking was also reduced by the two drugs in 24 hr water-deprived heterozygotes, which have detectable levels of vasopressin. Morphine pretreatment enhanced the antidipsogenic effects of naloxone in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The administration of 10 mg/kg of morphine 3 hr before testing, which itself did not affect drinking, maximally potentiated the suppressant effects of naloxone on drinking in homozygotes. This potentiating effect of morphine persisted for at least 48 hr. These results indicate that vasopressin is not essential for the antidipsogenic effects of the narcotic antagonists. The polydipsic Brattleboro rat may provide a convenient animal model for studies of the effects of opiate agonists and antagonists on drinking behavior. PMID- 7291219 TI - Naloxone blocks the effect of diazepam and meprobamate on conflict behaviour in rats. AB - The effect of naloxone on the anticonflict action of diazepam was studied in a model involving foot shock-induced suppression of food-rewarded operant behaviour. Both 1 and 10 mg/kg naloxone SC abolished the increase in punished responding produced by diazepam and chlordiazepoxide. Naloxone also blocked the anticonflict effect of meprobamate. These observations are discussed in terms of a possible involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in the anxiolytic effects of tranquillizers. PMID- 7291220 TI - Inhibition of evoked dopamine release by monopropionylcadaverine in vitro. AB - A naturally occurring diamine, cadaverine, and one of its acyl derivatives, monopropionylcadaverine, were tested for their effects on the in vitro release of endogenous dopamine from slices of the rat neostriatum. Dopamine release was allowed to occur spontaneously and was evoked by elevating the potassium concentration in the incubation medium or by electric field stimulation. Monopropionylcadaverine had no effect on spontaneous release of dopamine and little effect on potassium-evoked release of dopamine, but at concentrations as low as 10(-8) M in the medium it significantly depressed the electrically induced dopamine release. PMID- 7291221 TI - Use of programmable protocol timer and data logger in the monitoring of animal behavior. AB - The quantitative assessment of animal behavior by continuous or intermittent observation often requires much time and intense concentration. We have developed an accurate and convenient system which allows one observer to monitor up to four animals and record two types of behavior simultaneously. The system uses an inexpensive portable microcomputer including keyboard, video monitor, and cassette recorder. A program written in BASIC generates timed visible and audible cues, and tabulated data entered through the keyboard. The total number of occurrences of a particular behavior (e.g., "wet dog" shakes) and the frequency of a second behavior (e.g., grooming) may be measured. Frequency data, bases on intermittent observations, is processed for histogram display. The results may be copied from the video display or recorded on tape for further statistical analysis. The system has provided a convenient way to time experiments and collect data on drug-induced behavior in over 800 rats. PMID- 7291222 TI - Food deprivation and cocaine self-administration. AB - The effects of food deprivation on the self-administration of cocaine were assessed in three rhesus monkeys under different schedules of reinforcement. In one subject, decreasing body weight to 80% of free-feeding weight (ffw) resulted in increase response rates and number of cocaine infusions taken. The same effects were observed in a second subject when restricted food intake resulted in 88% ffw. When schedule contingencies limited the number of infusions available, reduction to 90% ffw in the third subject resulted in increased response rates. These data suggest that food deprivation can be a potent variable in responding maintained by cocaine self-administration. PMID- 7291223 TI - Effects of phencyclidine and ketamine on punished and unpunished responding by pigeons. AB - Pigeons responded under a multiple fixed-interval fixed-interval schedule of food presentation in which responding in one component was suppressed by presentation of electric shock (punishment). High doses of pentobarbital, ketamine and phencyclidine produced decreases in rates of unpunished responding. At least two doses of each drug produced mean rates of punished responding greater than 200% of control rates. All three during disrupted normal patterning of both unpunished and punished fixed-interval responding. These results demonstrate that phencyclidine and ketamine have activity qualitatively similar to that of pentobarbital on schedule-controlled responding suppressed by electric shock presentation. PMID- 7291224 TI - Influence of diet palatability on noradrenergic feeding response in the rat. AB - Adult male rats which displayed a reliable feeding response to intrahypothalamic injections of norepinephrine (NE) on a chow diet were subsequently tested on one of three diets: an unpalatable quinine-adulterated meal, a palatable fat adulterated meal, or a "neutral" unadulterated meal. The quinine diet completely blocked the NE feeding response, while the fat diet produced a small and unreliable reduction in the feeding response. When food deprived all groups increased their food intake, although the fat diet group tended to overeat, and the quinine diet group tended to undereat relative to the unadulterated diet group. The failure of the palatable fat diet to potentiate the NE feeding response does not support the hypothesis that this response mimics the ventromedial hypothalamic hyperphagia syndrome. The blocking effect of the quinine diet on NE feeding is consistent with other evidence which suggests that NE mediated the eating behavior induced by glucoprivation. PMID- 7291225 TI - Investigations on the CNS sites of action of the discriminative stimulus effects of arecoline and nicotine. AB - The role of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) in mediating the discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of nicotine and arecoline was assessed. In rats trained to discriminate nicotine (1.14 mg/kg) from saline, peripherally administered nicotine generalized to injection of nicotine, but not arecoline, directly into the DH and MRF. The stimulus effect of centrally administered nicotine was antagonized by peripherally administered mecamylamine, but not atropine. Response rate decreases were also observed after nicotine injection into either site. In rats trained to discriminate arecoline (1.74 mg/kg) from saline, peripherally administered arecoline did not generalize to the direct injection of arecoline into the DH and MRF. However, a decrease in response rates was observed after arecoline injection into either site. Thus, The DH and MRF are important in mediating the DS effect of nicotine but not arecoline. PMID- 7291226 TI - Influence of beta-lipotropin fragments on responsiveness of rats to electric footshock. AB - Subcutaneous administration of graded doses of neuropeptides related to lipotropin (beta LPH) changed responsiveness of rats to electric footshock. gamma Endorphin and related peptides increased the susceptibility of rats, whereas beta endorphin induced a reversed effect. The enhanced responsiveness induced by DT gamma E, persisted for more than 24 hr and appeared to be of a central origin. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the sequence LPH 65-69 may contain the active core in this respect. An increased sensitivity to electric shock within one test procedure was observed with DT gamma E and alpha-endorphin. Prior experience with the test procedure diminished or abolished this effect of alpha-endorphin. It is suggested that beta-endorphin and its fragments play a physiological role in adaptive behavioral changes induced by peripheral stimuli. PMID- 7291227 TI - Task-dependent ethanol effects on escape in rats bred for ethanol sensitivity. AB - Lines of rats selectively bred for differences in degree of locomotor depression by ethanol were tested for ethanol-induced impairment of jumping to a descending platform to escape 0.3 mA shock. The MA ("most affected") line showed greater decreases in height jumped than the LA ("least affected") line at IP doses of 1.25, 1.75, and 2.25, but not at 0.75 g ethanol/kg. MA rats also showed greater increases in latency to first jump (at 1.75 and 2.25 g/kg) which largely accounted for the line difference in decrease in height jumped. Males showed greater impairment than females on both measures. While extending the greater ethanol sensitivity of MA than LA rats to impairment of an escape response, the results contrast with previous studies of water escape where the LA line showed greater impairment than the MA line. PMID- 7291228 TI - A within-subject comparison of the effects of morphine on lateral hypothalamic and central gray self-stimulation. AB - The effects of chronic administration of morphine (20 mg/kg) on self-stimulation (SS) of the central gray and lateral hypothalamus were investigated in a within subject design. The magnitude and time course of the drug-produced changes in SS at the two placements were similar within subjects but varied substantially across subjects. These results are interpreted in the light of evidence pertaining to the anatomical linkage of the substrates for the rewarding effects of central gray and lateral hypothalamic stimulation. The facilitation of SS may be due to a drug-produced sensitization of reward-related neurons. If so, morphine acts either beyond the point of convergence of the two substrates or at an earlier stage in each substrate. The across-subject variability is attributed to individual differences in sensitivity to the effects of the drug. The importance of controlling for this subject variable is stressed. PMID- 7291229 TI - Chlorpromazine effects on behavior under escape and fixed-time delivery of shock. AB - Chlorpromazine has typically been found to reduce responding maintained by negative reinforcement. In squirrel monkeys, however, it has been shown to increase manipulative responses that occur just prior to shock presented under a fixed-time schedule. The present study compared chlorpromazine effects on behavior of rats under a fixed-time schedule of shock delivery and a schedule involving escape from shock. In all conditions, shock was delivered to the tail of rats held in partial restraint, and the response measured was displacement of a panel positioned directly in front of the rat's nose. The escape and fixed-time schedules generated similar temporal patterns and rates of responding under both schedules, and had no differential effect on the temporal distribution of responses within the shock interval. PMID- 7291230 TI - Comparison of the reinforcing properties of cocaine and procaine in rhesus monkeys. AB - Previous studies have shown that a variety of local anesthetics including procaine are self-administered at high rates by rhesus monkeys. In the present study two rhesus monkeys were given a mutually exclusive choice between various doses of intravenous cocaine and procaine. In almost all comparisons cocaine was preferred even when the procaine dose was 16 times that of cocaine. Other measures of performance such as rate of responding did not vary systematically with preference. These data provide further support for the idea that rate of responding under simple schedules of drug delivery is an unreliable measure of relative reinforcing efficacy. In addition, the consistent preference for cocaine over procaine in monkeys suggests that the infrequent abuse of procaine by humans may be related to its low reinforcing efficacy relative to drugs such as cocaine. PMID- 7291232 TI - Behavioral effects of phenylpiperidine narcotic antagonists. AB - The effects of three phenylpiperidines were studied in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30-response, fixed-interval 5-minute schedule of grain presentation. The first one studied was LY-27372 which as narcotic agonist analgesic effects but not antagonist activity. It decreased responding in both components and was not antagonized by naloxone. The two other drugs, LY-88329 and LY-99335, are tri-alkyl-4-phenylpiperidines which have narcotic antagonist activity. They decreased responding at doses of 5 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, when administered alone. When administered in combination with 20 mg/kg of morphine, they antagonized morphine's effects at 0.16 and 0.08 mg/kg respectively. A 10 mg/kg dose of pentobarbital attenuated the behavioral suppressant effects of 40 mg/kg of LY-99335, but not the suppressant effects of 5 mg/kg of LY-88329 or of 10 mg/kg of LY-27372. The data show that LY-99335 has a large separation between the doses which antagonized morphine and those which alone produce behavioral suppression by a proconvulsant effect at higher doses. PMID- 7291233 TI - Phencyclidine and behavior: I. Sensory-motor function, activity level, taste aversion and water intake. AB - Phencyclidine (PCP) injections in rats at doses of 4 mg/kh increased activity level, which might have been a function of impaired habituation. At doses of 8 mg/kg PCP produced a marked reduction in activity level. At doses of 12 mg/kg and above there were profound disruptive effects in detection of odors, visual square and touch measures, and performance of placing reflexes requiring visuo-motor coordination, righting, grasping reflexes, and equilibrium. Decreases in water intake occurred only at higher dose levels of PCP (16 and 24 mg/kg). On a qualitative basis the changes observed in rats are similar to changes described for humans. PMID- 7291231 TI - Prolactin induces grooming in the rat: possible involvement of nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. AB - The possibility that Prolactin-induced grooming involves the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system was studied. Intracerebroventricular injection of rat Prolactin (PRL) in an amount of 10 micrograms induced grooming in male rats, and neostriatal injection of haloperidol (1 microgram/1 microliter) markedly suppressed this effect. Local administration of 6-OHDA in the substantia nigra also abolished the influence of intracerebroventricularly administered PRL. Bilateral injections of PRL (10 micrograms/l microliters) in the neostriatum failed to induce grooming, whereas bilateral injections of peptide into the substantia nigra (1 microgram/0.5 micrograms) elicited the behavioral response. It is probable that PRL induces grooming in the rat by interacting with the nigrostriatal dopaminergic transmission through an action on the cell bodies rather than in presynaptic terminals or at the postsynaptic level of this system. PMID- 7291234 TI - The aversive stimulus properties of repeated infusions of cocaine. AB - When the presentation of a novel food to a rat is followed by the administration of certain compounds, including psychomotor stimulants, the animal consumes less of the food on subsequent presentations relative to an animal administered saline. This phenomenon has been termed gustatory avoidance conditioning. Conflicting results have been obtained when cocaine is used in this procedure. Therefore, the possibility that the weak efficacy of cocaine in this paradigm is due to its relatively short duration of action was investigated. Fluid intake was limited to a single 15 min presentation, seven days a week. Following the determination of baseline water in take sweetened milk was given during the session followed by a series of infusions of cocaine through chronic indwelling peritoneal catheters. Four infusions, spaced 15 min apart, of 9.0 mg/kg cocaine induced an avoidance response, while one infusion of 36 mg/kg cocaine followed by three saline infusions did not. This supports the hypothesis that the low efficacy of cocaine in this paradigm is due, at least in part, to its short duration of action. PMID- 7291235 TI - Naltrexone suppresses hyperphagia induced in the rat by a highly palatable diet. AB - A highly palatable diet (ordinary chow supplemented with 4 highly palatable items changes every day) (HPD) provokes hyperphagia and overweight in the rat. After 17 weeks of such a diet, naltrexone (0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg IP) and opiate antagonist, was injected at the beginning of the dark period, and a food intake test was performed during the 3 following hours. Naltrexone does not modify the energy intake in control rats receiving ordinary chow but suppresses HPD induced hyperphagia. The involvement of the beta-endorphin system in this type of hyperphagia is discussed. PMID- 7291236 TI - Pharmacologic analysis of the postictal immobility syndrome in the rat. AB - Postictal immobility (IP) following chemically (pictrotoxin, metrazol) and electrically-induced (maximal electroshock, MES) convulsions has behavioral features close to neuroleptic-type catalepsy. EEG, monitored postictally, showed that catalepsy is accompanied by a variety of EEG patterns. Cataleptic behavior extended beyond the period of "postictal EEG depression". During PI rats had vivid righting and corneal reflexes. Like haloperidol-pretreated rats they were able to maintain uncomfortable postures on the vertical grid or horizontal bar; although signs of rigidity were noticed, the rats would fail to remain self supporting when placed across metal bookends ("bridge" test). All rats reacted to the tail-pinch immediately when the seizure would halt. However, 10-15 min later when PI was minimal or not detectable, animals became totally unresponsive to pressure applied to the tail ("delayed analgesia"). Examination of VEP recovery after MES showed that the secondary slow negativity and sensory after discharge were well developed irrespective of the score of the tail-pinch test. Pharmacological profile of PI suggests that the endogenous opiate system might contribute to this syndrome. Similar to morphine-induced catalepsy/catatonia: (1) PI is insensitive to atropine and scopolamine; (2) neither haloperidol nor alpha methyl-p-tyrosine was able to potentiate it; (3) PI is reduced by apomorphine, naloxone, and physostigmine. Also, drugs acting via GABA system (gamma-vinyl GABA, diazepam, sodium valproate) reduce PI intensity. It is hypothesized that PI system (1) is controlled by GABA carrying fibers and (2) uses neuropeptide with neuroleptic properties. PMID- 7291237 TI - Thirst in the rat after ligation of the inferior vena cava: role of angiotensin II. AB - The role of angiotensin II in thirst states after ligation of the inferior vena cava above (CLA) or below (CLB) the origin of the renal veins as compared to sham operated controls was evaluated 24 hrs after ligation. Water intake was enhanced in CLB rats and even more so in CLA rats. Plasma angiotensin II and urea concentrations and serum osmolality were increased in CLA rats. Plasma sodium concentration and hematocrit were reduced in CLA rats, and hematocrit in CLB rats as well. Water intake in CLA rats was retarded by IV infusions of saralasin. Saralasin infusions in CLA rats resulted in a dramatic increase of plasma angiotensin II concentrations. Ligation of the inferior vena cava induces major changes in body fluid homeostasis, which are more pronounced in CLA than in CLB rats. The increase in water intake in CLA rats appears to be partly mediated by angiotensin II. PMID- 7291239 TI - Effect of fenfluramine and nicotine upon a stimulant-depressant continuum. AB - Rats were rapidly trained to discriminate between 0.8 mg/kg d-amphetamine and 6 mg/kg pentobarbital in a two-lever food-motivated operant task by imposing the drug states from the earliest stage of training. Once trained, rats were administered lower doses of each of the training drugs and both d-amphetamine and pentobarbital were observed to produce dose-responsive effects upon discriminative performance. When graphically represented, the dose-response curves were shown to be parallel suggesting a common site and/or mechanism of action. Administration of fenfluramine (1.5 and 2.25 mg/kg) produced pentobarbital-appropriate responding, whereas the injection of three doses of nicotine (0.1-0.4 mg/kg) resulted in amphetamine-like discriminative responding. Inspection of dose-response curves suggested that fenfluramine produces its pentobarbital-like effects by acting differently than does pentobarbital and, although nicotine produces amphetamine-like effects, it acts by a different mechanism than does amphetamine. PMID- 7291238 TI - d-Amphetamine and phencyclidine alone and in combination: effects on fixed-ratio and interresponse-time-greater-than-t responding of rats. AB - The effects of three doses of d-amphetamine (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg) and phencyclidine (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg), alone and in combination, were assessed in rats performing under fixed-ratio 30 and interresponse-time-greater-than-15 sec food reinforcement schedules. When given alone, phencyclidine and d amphetamine produced similar increases in responding under the interresponse-time greater-than-t schedule, and decreases in responding under the fixed-ratio 30 schedule. Each drug decreased the number of reinforcers (food pellets) earned relative to control values under both schedules. The effects of the two drugs in combination were nearly always less than additive. That is, the effects of a given dose of phencyclidine and d-amphetamine together were less than an arithmetic summation of the effects of the drugs given alone. PMID- 7291240 TI - Multiple receptor sites mediate sweetness: evidence from cross adaptation. AB - The method of cross adaptation was implemented to determine whether only one type of receptor site mediates the perception of sweetness, or whether more than one such type exists. Fourteen stimuli, seven artificial sweeteners varying widely in chemical structure as well as seven sugars, were cross adapted with one another. When a sugar was employed as the adapting stimulus, a consistent reduction in the intensity of the test solution's sweetness was found. However, the result of the cross adaptation when the adapting stimulus was an artificial sweetener was unpredictable; it led not only to a reduction but, in some cases, to an enhancement or no change in the test solution's intensity, depending on its identity. In previous investigations, enhancements have been explained through the existence of a water taste. Since this explanation is insufficient to account for the enhancement effects found in this study, it appears that cross adaptation does not always occur between sweet-tasting compounds. For this reason, it is concluded that more than one receptor mechanism may be responsible for the perception of the sweet quality. PMID- 7291241 TI - Aversive stimulus properties of scopolamine. AB - The drug state produced in rats by intraperitoneal injections of scopolamine hydrobromide (1.2 mg/kg) was treated as a putative aversive US. This US was paired with a distinctive spatial location in a shuttle box for 6 of 12 daily sessions by confining the subject to one side following scopolamine and to the other side following saline (6 sessions). Two groups of 8 subjects each received zero and 20 min post-injection delays respectively. Following zero delay, but not 20 min delay, subjects avoided the side associated with scopolamine in drug-free, free choice tests. This is evidence that the immediate post-injection drug state induced by scopolamine is aversive. PMID- 7291242 TI - Delayed emergence of antidepressant efficacy following withdrawal in olfactory bulbectomized rats. AB - Repeated antidepressant treatment attenuates the step-down passive avoidance deficit which is induced by olfactory bulbectomy in rats. Using a shuttlebox passive avoidance procedure, the effects of antidepressants were investigated after various drug withdrawal intervals. Imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin, bupropion and mianserin were effective at 48 and usually 72 hours after withdrawal, but no significant attenuation of the deficit was seen 4 hours after withdrawal from any antidepressant tested. At least 4 to 7 days of imipramine treatment were required for efficacy. A high dose of d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg) produced similar results while tranylcypromine and haloperidol were inactive at all withdrawal intervals tested. The olfactory bulbectomy syndrome may reflect functional serotonin deficiency, which would be ameliorated through antidepressant-induced alterations in serotonin receptor sensitivity. PMID- 7291245 TI - Clozapine effects on responding maintained under shock presentation and shock termination schedules. AB - Clozapine, a novel antipsychotic, was studied in different squirrel monkeys responding under a 3-min fixed-interval schedule of stimulus-shock termination and a multiple 5-min fixed-interval schedule of shock presentation, 5-min fixed interval schedule of stimulus-shock termination. Some doses (0.1-1.0 mg/kg IM) of clozapine increased responding under each fixed-interval schedule, whereas higher doses (3.0 and 5.6 mg/kg IM) usually decreased responding under each schedule. Lower response rates maintained under the stimulus-shock termination schedule were increased relatively more by clozapine than were higher rates of responding maintained under the fixed-interval schedule of shock-presentation. The present results illustrate that the effects of clozapine on schedule-controlled behaviors of squirrel monkeys differ from those of other antipsychotics. PMID- 7291243 TI - Chronic amphetamine: tolerance and reverse tolerance reflect different behavioral actions of the drug. AB - Chronic administration of amphetamine (AMPH) has been reported to produce tolerance to the drug's behavioral effects in some paradigms (self-stimulation, discriminative stimulus, self-administration) and an enhanced effect or reverse tolerance when other behaviors are monitored (locomotor activity, stereotypy). The present study investigated whether the two phenomena are, in fact, related to the particular behavior monitored or reflect the marked differences in the injection regimens (1X vs. 3X daily injections) used to produce the phenomena. The effects of chronic AMPH administered once or three times daily on AMPH facilitation of self-stimulation responding and on the locomotor stimulant and stereotypy-producing effects of the drug were assessed. Regardless of the injection regimen used, chronic AMPH resulted in an enhancement of the locomotor stimulant effects of the drug as well as a more rapid onset and greater intensity of the stereotypy produced. In the self-stimulation paradigm, only the 3X daily regimen significantly reduced the effectiveness of a challenge dose of AMPH (tolerance), although the 1X regimen produced effects that were qualitatively similar but quantitatively less. Perhaps behavioral tasks in which tolerance develops reflect the mood-altering properties of the drug in humans whereas a process similar to reverse tolerance may underlie the increased susceptibility to psychoses elicited by the drug with repeated use. PMID- 7291244 TI - Chronic amphetamine: is dopamine a link in or a mediator of the development of tolerance and reverse tolerance? AB - Rats were administered chronic multiple injections of amphetamine (AMPH) using dosage regimens which produce tolerance to the AMPH facilitation of self stimulation responding, or reverse tolerance (sensitization) to the locomotor stimulant and stereotypy-producing effects of the drug. Subsequently rats were challenged with AMPH at behaviorally relevant doses and times and striatal and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) dynamics were assessed using the conversion of 3H tyrosine to 3H-DA, and endogenous levels of DA and its metabolites 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) as indices of dopaminergic function. Acute administration of AMPH produced dose and time related changes in all indices of DA function in both the striatal and mesolimbic brain regions. Co-administration of haloperidol during chronic AMPH pretreatment prevented the appearance of most of the behavioral changes induced by chronic AMPH, suggesting an important role for DA systems. However, following chronic AMPH treatment, no additional biochemical changes in striatal or mesolimbic DA metabolism could be detected which would parallel the development of tolerance to AMPH facilitation of self-stimulation behavior or reverse tolerance to AMPH as reflected in enhanced post-stereotypy locomotor activity or a suggested increased intensity of stereotypy. Challenge with AMPH after chronic AMPH pretreatment did accelerate the changes in striatal but not mesolimbic DA metabolism, correlating with the more rapid onset of stereotypy induced by chronic AMPH. Thus, while DA systems appear to be a critical link, not only in the acute effects of AMPH, but also in the development of tolerance and reverse tolerance, most of the behavioral differences between acutely and chronically treated animals are not reflected by comparable differences in DA synthesis and metabolism. PMID- 7291246 TI - Blockade by naltrexone of analgesia produced by stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus. AB - Naloxone blockade of stimulation-produced analgesia in the rat is partial and variable. In the present study the effectiveness of the long-acting narcotic antagonist naltrexone is examined. Bipolar stainless steel electrodes were implanted in the dorsal raphe nucleus or ventral periaqueductal gray matter of male rats. Analgesia produced by electrical stimulation was tested by the tail flick method before and twenty min following the administration of saline or naltrexone. Saline administered IP failed to alter the analgesic response. Following naltrexone the degree of analgesia was reduced by a mean of 79% for IV injection (3.7 mg/kg) and by means of 26%, 52%, 81% and 83% for IP administration of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. These results confirm the participation of opiate mechanisms in stimulation-produced analgesia, and indicate that, under certain circumstances, only opiate mechanisms are involved. PMID- 7291247 TI - The effects of pimozide on the consumption of a palatable saccharin-glucose solution in the rat. AB - Two experiments investigated the role of dopamine in reward mechanisms by examining the effects of the specific dopamine receptor blocker pimozide on drinking behavior in the rat. In Experiment 1, the effects of pimozide on the consumption of a palatable saccharin-glucose solution were compared to the effects of quinine adulteration of the same solution. Pimozide and quinine both reduced 30 min/day consumption, decreased lick rate early in the drinking session and reduced lick efficiency in a dose related manner. In Experiment 2, the effects of pimozide on the consumption of a saccharin-glucose solution and water were compared in thirsty and nonthirsty rats. Pimozide suppressed the consumption of both water and the saccharin-glucose solution in a dose related manner. However, saccharin-glucose solution intake was suppressed more than water intake, and this effect was independent of thirst drive. The drug also decreased lick rate early in the drinking session and lick efficiency. The results are discussed in terms of the reward and sensory-motor deficits produced by dopamine receptor blocking agents. PMID- 7291248 TI - Properties of mercury and selenium in a high-molecular weight substance in rabbit tissues formed by simultaneous administration. AB - The properties of mercury and selenium existing in high-molecular weight substance(s) (HMWS) obtained from plasma, stroma-free hemolysate, soluble and insoluble fractions of the liver of rabbits dosed with mercuric chloride and selenite were studied. Analytical procedures--gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation--showed that equimolar amounts of mercury and selenium were present in HMWS in the blood and the liver. Dialysis against mercaptoethanol suggested that selenium and mercury were tightly bound to HMWS in the liver soluble fraction. The formation of the HMWS may contribute to reducing the toxicity of both mercury and selenium. Since mercury and selenium in HMWS in the blood and the liver were present in smaller fragments after trypsin digestion, these HMWS appeared to be protein associated with mercury and selenium. However, after exhaustive digestion with Pronase, mercury and selenium in HMWS were rendered insoluble. The above process appears to take in the body of rabbits after simultaneous administration of mercury and selenium, because the livers excised from these rabbits were found to contain iso molar and sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble selenium and mercury which increased in amount with time. PMID- 7291249 TI - Opioid modulation of ingestive behavior. AB - Supportive evidence for an important role of endogenous opioid systems in modulation of ingestive behaviors is presented. Low doses of morphine (1.0-5.0 mg/kg) increase and low doses of naloxone (0.5-2.5 mg/kg) decrease food and water intake during both acute and chronic testing in mildly-deprived rats. Chronic infusions of naloxone with implanted osmotic mini-pumps elicited sustained dose related suppression of food, water, and saccharin solution intakes but did not reduce ingestion of 10.0% glucose solution or food following 12 hr deprivation. Finally, naloxone treatment did not antagonize nocturnal ingestion of food any more than it reduced day time feeding when the latter was enhanced by prior food deprivation. These results indicate that an opiate agonist and an opiate antagonist modify ingestive behaviors oppositely, affirming that endogenous opioid systems may be involved in control of feeding and drinking. However, their role may be restricted to only indirect participation in homeostatic regulation via neural systems modulating emotional tone or goal-directed behaviors in general. PMID- 7291250 TI - Low dose cocaine self-administration by naive rats: effects of body weight and a fixed-time one minute food delivery schedule. AB - The self-administration rates of four groups of eight rats for low dose cocaine (0.1 mg/kg infusion) under free feeding and 80% body weight conditions, with and without a fixed time 1 min (FT-1) food delivery schedule, were compared with those of saline reinforced animals under the same conditions. Results indicated that (1) overall, self-administration rates were significantly greater for cocaine reinforced animals, (2) significantly higher rates of cocaine self administration occurred in body weight reduced rats and (3) the operation of FT-1 schedule neither significantly enhanced or inhibited drug intake. In the second experiment, schedule and no schedule conditions were reversed for the sixteen 80% body weight, cocaine reinforced rats. Results showed that reversing schedule and no schedule conditions produced no significant change in drug intake. It was concluded that low dose cocaine self-administration is significantly amplified by body weight reduction. PMID- 7291252 TI - Analgesia following microinjection of phosphodiesterase inhibitors at brainstem sites. AB - Microinjection of RO 20-1724 (0.60 micrograms) at sites in the caudal reticular formation of the rat brainstem resulted in analgesia as measured in the tail flick, paw pinch and hot plate tests. Microinjection of theophylline (0.45 micrograms) at sites in the caudal reticular formation also produced analgesia in the tail flick and hot plate tests, but not in the paw pinch test. Since these agents inhibit phosphodiesterase and elevate cyclic nucleotides in rat brain homogenates, these data suggest that cyclic nucleotides have a functional role in brainstem structures involved in modulation of nociceptive threshold. PMID- 7291251 TI - Effects of cycloheximide and puromycin on learning and retention in the cockroach, P. americana. AB - A new one-session T-maze training procedure for cockroaches, in which animals were trained to turn right or left to avoid shock, is described. This paradigm was utilized to investigate effects of protein synthesis inhibiting drugs on learning and retention. Cycloheximide (CXM), which inhibited protein synthesis by over 90% during the training period, did not impair acquisition and did not produce retention deficits an any interval up to 1 day after training. Puromycin (PURO), which inhibited protein synthesis by about 70% during the training period, produced amnesia 5 hr after training, while acquisition was not affected. Thus invertebrates, as well as vertebrates, are susceptible to amnesic effects of puromycin. Although PURO-injected animals showed retention deficits as measured by the number of correct turns, no retention deficit occurred for the behavioral modification consisting of an increase in runway time during the training period. Therefore, PURO appears to show specificity for the different types of longer term memories that are formed in a training situation. PMID- 7291254 TI - Long term catheterization of the lumbar epidural space in rats. AB - This note describes a simple technique for the administration of drug solutions into the lumbar epidural space of the unanesthetized and freely moving rat. A poly-ethylene (PE-10) catheter is inserted into the epidural space through a hole in the third lumbar vertebra, and subcutaneously tunneled towards the neck region. The implantation procedure is well-tolerated, and repeated saline injections over a prolonged period of time were found not to exert any deleterious effect on the animals' apparent health or gross behavior. The viability of the technique is demonstrated in an experiment on the effect of injection volume on the analgesic action of epidurally administered fentanyl. PMID- 7291253 TI - Drug and food-deprivation modulation of activity in rats given chronic dietary lead: significance of type of activity measure. AB - In Experiment 1, rats were given a 1% lead acetate diet from Day 100 of life to the termination of the experiment. After 82 days of lead feeding behavioral tests were started. Lead exposure increased wheel-turning hyperactivity produced by food deprivation and phenylethylamine injection. Lead produced no activity change in the unchallenged condition. In the open field, lead-exposure rats were less responsive to the stimulating action of PEA and amphetamine and to the sedating action of pentobarbital. In Experiment 2, the interaction of lead with food deprivation of PEA on wheel-turning was replicated in naive animals given only a 32-day exposure. Chemical analysis was made of tissues. Ingested lead entered the brain. Regional steady-state levels of brain norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin were not altered by lead treatment when measured following four days of starvation at a time when lead-induced behavioral change was distinct. It was concluded that pharmacological challenges on activity may be sensitive indicators of lead exposure, but the type of activity measure is critical. PMID- 7291255 TI - Transfer of pentylenetetrazol sensitization to amygdaloid kindling. AB - Rats repeatedly injected with initially subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) eventually became sensitized to the drug (displayed twitching and myoclonic jerks). Other rats injected with increased doses of PTZ displayed both sensitization and generalized convulsions. Both groups subsequently developed generalized amygdaloid kindled seizures significantly faster than control rats, but did not differ significantly from each other in their rate of kindling. These results indicate that substantial transfer facilitation of electrical kindling occurs whether sensitization alone, or sensitization together with convulsions are induced by injection of PTZ. PMID- 7291256 TI - Effect of some cholinergic drugs on the conditioned pole jump response in rats. AB - Rats were trained to pole jump to a buzzer as the conditioned response. Cholinergic agents, oxotremorine and physostigmine significantly depressed this response. The effect was blocked by atropine. Nicotine and carbachol failed to modify the conditioned pole jump response. It is suggested that the central muscarinic inhibitory receptors are involved in the action of these drugs. PMID- 7291257 TI - Ethanol reinforced behavior assessed with a concurrent schedule. AB - Oral ethanol (5% v/v) reinforced responding was studied in three rats using a concurrent fixed ratio (FR) schedule with water available at a second lever. First, concurrent (FR8 FR8) responding on both levers for water presentation was established. Then a concurrent (FR8 FR8) water-ethanol presentation schedule was introduced and a food ration was placed in the chamber at the beginning of the session. Within 12 sessions, ethanol responding developed and within-session feeding was discontinued. When stable concurrent water-ethanol performance was achieved, average ethanol responding was 11 times greater than water responding, even when ethanol availability switched from one level to the other. During the one hour session, in some cases, sufficient ethanol was ingested to produce blood ethanol levels between 30 and 50 mg/100 ml. As the ethanol FR requirement was increased for four sessions each to FR10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 40 and 50, rats continued to respond for ethanol, and in some rats, ethanol preference was maintained even when the ethanol FR was 50 while the water FR remained at 8. PMID- 7291259 TI - A probable role for norepinephrine in feeding after hypothalamic injection of morphine. AB - When morphine is instilled directly into the ventromedial hypothalamus of rats there is a latent period followed by a prolonged bout of feeding. This enhanced activity may be mediated by the release of norepinephrine; for morphine-induced feeding was depressed by the alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine. Several neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists failed to duplicate this action: propranolol, serotonin, methysergide, apomorphine and haloperidol were ineffective in modifying ingestion elicited after morphine. Unlike apomorphine, dopamine augmented morphine's feeding effect. This difference may exist because dopamine acts as a precursor for norepinephrine formation in local ventromedial hypothalamic neurons. PMID- 7291258 TI - Blood glucose and body temperature alterations induced by ethanol in rats submitted to different levels of food deprivation. AB - The effects of 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 g/kg of ethanol on blood glucose levels and body temperature were examined in rats submitted to either acute food deprivation (24 or 48 hr), chronic starvation, or to both chronic plus acute food deprivation. The results show that: (a) 3.0 and 5.0 g/kg produced either an increase or a decrease of glucose levels depending on the state of fasting; (b) rats not deprived of food presented hyperglycemia while being hypothermic; (c) a marked hypothermia was present when no substantial alterations in glycemia were observed; and (d) in cases where hypoglycemia and hypothermia occurred, the fall in body temperature paralleled or preceded the decrease in glucose levels. PMID- 7291261 TI - Effect of early and later colony housing on oral ingestion of morphine in rats. AB - Male and female rats were raised from weaning either in isolation or in a large colony. At 65 days of age, half the rats in each environment were moved to the other. At 80 days, the animals were given continuous access to water and to a sequence of 7 solutions: 3 sweet or bitter-sweet control solutions and 4 different concentrations of morphine hydrochloride (MHCl) in 10% sucrose solution. Rats housed in the colony at the time of testing drank less MHCl solution than isolated rats, but no less of the control solutions. Colony dwelling rats previously housed in isolation tended to drink more MHCl solution than those housed in the colony since weaning, but this effect reached statistical significance only at the lowest concentration of MHCl. These data were related to the hypothesis that colony rats avoid morphine because it interferes with complex, species-specific behavior. PMID- 7291262 TI - Pentobarbital induces a naloxone-reversible decrease in mesolimbic self stimulation threshold. AB - The effects of sodium pentobarbital and naloxone were tested on intracranial self stimulation (ICSS) in rats implanted with electrodes in the ventral tegmental area. Threshold for ICSS was determined using a rate-independent current titration paradigm. A low dose of pentobarbital (5 mg/kg) did not have a significant effect on ICSS thresholds, while a high dose (20 mg/kg) rendered the subjects too ataxic to respond reliably in the operant task. An intermediate dose (10 mg/kg) induced a highly significant lowering of threshold (17% below saline baseline levels) without apparent deterioration in response capability. The concurrent administration of naloxone (2 mg/kg) significantly reversed the pentobarbital-induced threshold decrease, while naloxone treatment alone had no effect on the ICSS threshold. PMID- 7291263 TI - Stereoselective effects of opiate agonists and antagonists on ingestive behavior in rats. AB - In male Sprague Dawley rats, the (-)-isomer of the opiate antagonist GPA 1843 (beta-9-methyl-5-phenyl-2-allyl-2'-hydroxy-6, 7-benzomorphan) produced dose related decreases in nocturnal feeding and of hyperphagias induced by 2-deoxy-D glucose (2-DG; 400 mg/kg) and 24 hr food deprivation (FD). The hyperphagia induced by insulin (10 U/kg) was not significantly decreased by GPA 1843. In contrast, comparable doses of the (+)-stereoisomer, GPA 1847, had no effect on nocturnal, 2-DG or FD hyperphagia. In addition, hyperphagia and hyperdipsia were observed following administration of the opiate agonist levorphanol, but not its stereoisomer, dextrorphan. Thus, the effects of these agents on consummatory behavior are mediated by a stereospecific interaction with opiate receptors, which further indicates that endogenous opiate peptides are involved in the expression of these opiate-related hyperphagias. PMID- 7291260 TI - Periventricular preoptic-hypothalamic lesions: effects on isoproterenol-induced thirst. AB - Lesions of the periventricular tissue surrounding the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) have been shown to block the dipsogenic properties of many experimental manipulations, including injections of angiotensin. The present study examines the ability of rats with ablations of the AV3V to initiate drinking responses following administrations of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist which is thought to elicit drinking in part by activating the peripheral renin-angiotensin system. It was found that rats bearing lesions of the AV3V region drank significantly less across a range of doses than animals with sham lesions. When taken together with results from other studies, the present findings suggest that destroying the AV3V region inhibits the thirst-including properties of endogenous, as well as exogenous angiotensin. PMID- 7291264 TI - Use of a fixed consecutive number schedule of reinforcement to investigate the effects of pimozide on behavior controlled by internal and external stimuli. AB - The effects of the neuroleptic pimozide, a specific dopamine receptor blocker, on behavior maintained under different degrees of stimulus control was examined by using a fixed consecutive number (FCN) schedule of reinforcement with pigeons. This schedule requires that at least eight consecutive responses be made on one key (work key) before a response on a second key (reinforcement key) will be reinforced. For half the birds no change in external stimuli accompanied the eight response (FCN-8) while for the other half the color of the work key changed from white to red after the eight peck (FCN-SD). Both schedules resulted in equal rates of baseline responding. Four doses of pimozide (vehicle, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/kg) were administered in a Latin Square sequence after baseline responding was stable. Similar pimozide-induced decreases in responding were observed in both conditions. However, pimozide selectively altered response patterns under the FCN 8 condition. The failure of the FCN-SD procedure to display a similar effect demonstrated that the use of salient exteroceptive stimuli can modulate behavioral deficits induced by pimozide. This conclusion has important implications for theories hypothesizing that dopamine subserves reward processes. PMID- 7291265 TI - Time-dependent retention deficits induced by post-training injections of atropine into the caudate nucleus. AB - Rats were trained on a one-trial passive avoidance task, and retention of the task measured 24 hr later. Atropine was injected bilaterally into the anterior caudate nuclei (ACN) of rats from independent groups at one of several intervals after training. Application of atropine 2 min after training produced a lack of retention of passive avoidance. An intermediate degree of impairment was seen when the treatment was given 3 min 45 sec after the learning experience, and interference with retention was still noted when an interval of 7 min 30 sec was studied. In contrast, no deficits were observed in groups of animals injected with atropine 15 or 30 min after training. Rats injected with atropine into the parietal cortex 2 min after training showed only a minimal reduction of retention, and a group injected with saline solution into the ACN performed as well as non-treated animals. These results suggest that there is a time-dependent process that mediates the retention of passive avoidance, and that this process requires the activation of cholinergic synapses within the anterior caudate nucleus. PMID- 7291266 TI - Apparent lack of tolerance in the formalin test suggests different mechanisms for morphine analgesia in different types of pain. AB - Tolerance to morphine analgesia was examined using the Formalin test in which pain lasting about 2 hrs associated with minor tissue injury is produced by subcutaneous injection of dilute Formalin. To distinguish behavioral from pharmacological tolerance, different groups of rats received their daily morphine injection (7 mg/kg) in the test environment or in their home environment for 5 days. Another group of rats was given morphine for 15 days in the home cage followed by 5 days in the test environment. None of the morphine injected groups differed from saline injected control groups in the amount of analgesia. These findings add to previous evidence that the Formalin test measures a type of pain which is different from that assessed in withdrawal reflex tests, and which more closely resembles clinical pain in man. Moreover, the fact that analgesia in the Formalin test shows little tolerance while analgesia in withdrawal tests shows rapid tolerance suggests that the underlying neural mechanisms are different. PMID- 7291267 TI - Neonatal lead exposure: effects on development of behavior and striatal dopamine neurons. AB - Rats treated directly with water or lead acetate (25 or 75 mg/kg) on postnatal days 2 through 14 were tested for the development of spontaneous activity and for locomotor responses to d-amphetamine as weanlings. The development of striatal dopamine (DA) levels, uptake, release, and the disappearance of DA after synthesis inhibition were also examined. Blood and brain levels were markedly increased at 15 days in exposed animals; by 35 days blood lead levels had decreased 90% while lead level in neostriatum decreased only 55-60%. The effects of the early lead exposure fell into two classes. Shortly after cessation of lead treatment, changes were observed in exposed animals in the development of motor activity, as well as in the disappearance of DA after synthesis inhibition, accumulation of labelled DA, and endogenous DA levels. As brain lead decreased from 15 to 35 days many of the behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities also dissipated. However, at 35 days, striatal DA levels remained decreased in animals given the higher lead dose with a resultant decrease in turnover rate and alterations were noted in activity responses to d-amphetamine in lead-treated animals. PMID- 7291268 TI - Morphine conditioned taste aversion reversed by periaqueductal gray lesions. AB - The role of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in morphine conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was studied using male Wistar rats as subjects. Following the presentation of a novel saccharin solution, animals with or without a lesion of the PAG were intraperitoneally injected with either morphine, lithium, ethanol or fenfluramine. As evident by the amount of saccharin solution consumed on a subsequent presentation, a PAG lesion reversed a morphine CTA but not CTAs produced by the other drugs used. The results suggest that the PAG may in part mediate morphine CTA. PMID- 7291269 TI - Pimozide attenuates acquisition of lever-pressing for food in rats. AB - Pimozide pretreatment produced a dose-dependent attenuation of acquisition of a lever-pressing habit motivated by food reward in hungry rats. No evidence of learning was seen in animals treated at 1.0 mg/kg, minimal learning was seen at 0.5 mg/kg, and retarded learning which ultimately did reach normal asymptote was seen at 0.25 mg/kg. Thus primozide attenuates the response acquisition function as well as the previously studied response maintenance function of food reward. PMID- 7291271 TI - The use of fluoride for the prevention of chronic intracranial implant dislodgment. AB - A procedure is described for treating the skull with an acidulated fluoride solution at the time of intracranial implantation of cannulas or electrodes. Fluoride has a stabilizing effect on the hydroxyapatite of bones and teeth. In our experience, fluoride treatment has reduced the incidence of dislodgment of intracranially implanted appliances. PMID- 7291272 TI - Lack of effect of vanadyl trichloride on hepatic drug metabolism in the rat. PMID- 7291270 TI - Antagonism of the behavioral effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) and quipazine by metergoline. AB - The present study examined the disruptive effects of the phenethylamine hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) and the putative 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist quipazine on fixed ratio-40 (FR-40) operant responding alone or after pretreatment with putative 5-HT antagonist metergoline. Food-deprived male rats were trained to bar press on a FR-40 schedule for food reinforcements; control responding under this schedule is characterized by a rapid, constant rate of responding (approximately 100 response/min). In control animals, both DOM and quipazine produced dose-dependent disruptions of FR-40 performance characterized by periods of non-responding or "pausing". Following pretreatment with 1.0 mg/kg, and to a lesser extent 0.1 mg/kg, metergoline (180 min prior to the session) the dose-response curves for the "pausing" produced by both DOM and quipazine were shifted significantly to the right. Moreover, increasing the dose of DOM about 16-fold and that of quipazine about 8-fold appears to completely override the antagonism by 1 mg/kg metergoline. These results suggest that the "pausing" produced by DOM or quipazine is the result of activation of 5-HT receptors. PMID- 7291273 TI - GYKI 14,451, a synthetic tripeptide inhibitor of thrombin: activity on platelet aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 7291275 TI - The effects of levamisole and D-penicillamine on some inflammatory models in vivo and on PG production in vitro. PMID- 7291274 TI - Influences of fatty acids and lipids from biological sources on the in vitro biosynthesis of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). PMID- 7291276 TI - A different contractile response to catecholamines of two regions (mesometrial and antimesometrial) of isolated rat uterine horns. PMID- 7291277 TI - Membrane lipid composition of subcellular fractions from lungs of rats treated with paraquat. PMID- 7291278 TI - Acute effects of L-carnitine on FFA and beta-OH-butyrate in man. PMID- 7291280 TI - Effects of 4-(p-sulfamoylbenzoyl)-N-methyl-piperidine and related compounds on rat gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7291279 TI - Pharmacological study of new indole derivatives and its biochemical correlates. PMID- 7291281 TI - Effects of ten sulfonamide molecules on rat gastric acid secretion. PMID- 7291282 TI - The lipolytic activity of met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, morphine, methadone and naloxone in human adipose tissue. PMID- 7291283 TI - Adriamycin experimental cardiomyopathy in Swiss mice. Different effects of two calcium antagonistic drugs on ADM - induced cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7291284 TI - Effects of L-dopa, chlorpromazine and apomorphine on brain monoamines and free amino acids in rats. PMID- 7291285 TI - Energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis of monovalent electrolytes in large brain cortical cells of rats after chronic reserpine treatment. PMID- 7291286 TI - [Quantitative thin-layer chromatographic estimation of aminophenazone (I.N.N.), 4 methylaminophenazone and 4-aminophenazone in plasma (author's transl)]. AB - A TLC method for measurement of aminophenazone (1) and of its degradation products 4-methylaminophenazone (2) and 4-aminophenazone (3) in plasma was described. After chloroform extraction amd separation on Silufol plates the substances were stained by ferric chloride/potassium hexacyanotoferrate(III) and the area of the spots was measured. Concentrations from 1 to 25 micrograms 1, 2 and 3 per ml plasma could be estimated. PMID- 7291287 TI - The influence of binder type and concentration on the physical characteristics of calcium carbonate granules and their corresponding tablets. AB - Most studies involving binders are concerned with the properties of the final product. Very little has been done at comparing the mechanical properties of the granules, the force required to crush the tablets and the compression behavior. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of different concentrations of five binders namely gelatin, PVP, methylcellulose, syrup and Eudragit E on the mechanical and physical properties of calcium carbonate granules and correlating that with the characteristics of the corresponding tablets. A template method was used for the preparation of calcium carbonate granules. The wet granules were dried for 34 h in air oven at 60 degrees C and were conditioned for a minimum of 2 h at 50% relative humidity before testing or tableting as this corresponds approximately to ambient conditions. The granules, were separated into different size fractions using the sieve analysis method, and were then measured for crushing strength (K), friability (%), flow ability, bulk volume and tap density. The granules possessing the best mechanical and physical characteristics were used for tableting. The compact obtained were also evaluated for both mechanical and physical properties. It was found that increasing the binder concentration was followed by an increase in the mean particle diameter, harder granules (-kt = ln Wa divided by W + Wb . db divided by W . da) and reduction in tap density. Except for those prepared with 2% methylcellulose and 30% syrup, all tablets prepared from granules with optimum properties are found to satisfy U.S.P. requirements of weight, thickness, disintegration time and mechanical properties. PMID- 7291288 TI - Comparative dissolution rate studies of commercial furosemide tablets. AB - Five commercial brands of furosemide tablets from different manufacturers, namely, S, F, Ls, L and Fr were elected for this study. The dissolution rate studies of these brands demonstrated vast differences in drug release characteristics. Only two batches of Fr and one batch of F brands fulfilled the U.S.P. dissolution test, while the other failed to meet the requirements of this test. The dissolution rate studies of different batches the same commercial brand showed a larger interlot variation within certain brands. These interlot variations were by far smaller than the dissolution rate differences between the different brands. Studies on the drug content for each furosemide brand showed a great variation between the brands and also within the different batches of the same brand. PMID- 7291290 TI - [The pharmacokinetics of pethidin (Dolcontral) of parturient and their new-borns (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated after a single i.v. application of 50 mg of pethidine (Dolcontral) to women in labour and nonpregnant women. In comparison with the control group (4,2 h) the women in labour had a prolonged biological half life (7,5 h). Furthermore, there was a distinction of distribution parameters. The relation between the average concentration of pethidine in newborn and maternal serum was 0,72. The concentration of pethidine in newborn serum was stated always not as high as the corresponding maternal serum level. There was a significant correlation (r = 0,88) between maternal and fetal pethidine concentration. The half life of pethidine was found to be prolonged (17,2 h) in newborns within two days after birth. The distribution volume and the plasma distribution coefficient were repeatedly enhanced. PMID- 7291289 TI - [Hepatotoxicological studies of pyrazolone derivatives on rats. Part 2: The study of propyphenazone and phenazone (author's transl)]. AB - In female rats the administration of 1,5 mmol/kg of, respectively, propyphenazone and phenazone over a period of 12 weeks produces a histologically detectable fatty degeneration and reactive-inflammatory changes of the liver, presumably caused by reactive metabolites. These slight morphological alterations do not lead to an increase in plasma enzyme activities. Only in case of phenazone administration, reduced increases in body weight are indicative of a toxic effect. The acceleration of hexobarbital degradation and N-demethylation and the increase in liver weight testify to the inductive activity of both these compounds. PMID- 7291291 TI - [Stimulation of the renal excretion of p-aminohippuric acid by probenecid homologues (author's transl)]. AB - Probenecid and five of its homologues showed increased lipophilicity with increasing chain length of the substituents. Parallel to this, the toxicity increased about 30 times. All the probenecide homologues under study stimulated the excretion of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) when applied repeatedly. If a threshold dose is exceeded, an increase of the pretreatment dose will not result in a further increase in PAH excretion. As compared to non-pretreated control animals, the highest possible increase in PAH excretion lies between 40 and 80% independently of the structure of the respective probenecide homologue. Due to their more favourable therapeutic range (LD50 divided by D40-50), the probenecide homologues with shorter chains are better suited to stimulate the excretion of PAH, though the extent of stimulation is the same with all the probenicide homologues under study. PMID- 7291292 TI - [On the testing of analgetically active substances (author's transl)]. AB - Four standard analgetics were tested using the tail-flick and the hot-plate method, and by means of the Writhing syndrome. The frequency distributions of the data obtained from the control group were recorded first. The skewed distributions of the data yielded by the tail-flick and the hot-plate method were transformed into normal distributions. These normal distributions of data obtained form larger samples of control animals by the tail-flick and the hot plate method permitted to develop alternative procedures of evaluation which led to dose-effect curves allowing to determine whether or not the effects of any single doses of the substances under study are significantly different. Testing the analgetics by means of the Writhing syndrome also yielded statistically interpretable dose-effect curves which resulted from a comparison with the frequency distributions of the data from control animals, all-or-not solutions being avoided. The evaluation procedures presented in this paper have the advantage that, in any case, the dose-related effects may be statistically interpreted due to the greater slopes of the dose-effect curves. Furthermore, these procedures improve the reproducibility of the dose-effect curves. PMID- 7291293 TI - [Thin-layer chromatographic separation and identification of the ingredients of the multivitamin preparation Summavit 10 on UV 254 instant sheets]. PMID- 7291294 TI - A new principle for estimating hepatic blood flow rates. AB - A new principle for estimating hepatic blood flow rates is demonstrated in steady state experiments in rats in which p-aminohippurate, labeled with either 14C or 3H, was infused into the portal vein, with simultaneous infusion into the tail vein of the same compound labeled with the other isotope. Hepatic blood flow and hepatic extraction ratios were calculated from measurements of urinary and biliary excretion rates and blood concentrations of each isotope. The principle may be used to calculate hepatic blood flow from measurements of urinary excretion and systemic blood concentrations of drug and metabolite after intravenous injections of radiolabeled drug and precursor. PMID- 7291296 TI - Halothane modifies colchicine binding to tubulin. AB - Tubulin extracted from rat brains was incubated at 37 degrees C with 3H colchicine in the presence and absence of 28 mM halothane. The amount of 3H colchicine bound to tubulin was reduced by nearly 50% at a colchicine concentration of 5 x 10(-5) M when halothane was present. At low (1 x 10(-7) M) and at high (1 x 10(-3) M) concentrations of colchicine, halothane did not affect the binding as much. The inhibition of colchicine-binding to tubulin by halothane appeared to be non-competitive. PMID- 7291295 TI - Parenteral depot method for zinc administration. AB - We have shown that relatively insoluble salts of zinc can be suspended in a benzylbenzoate caster oil vehicle and injected into rats or monkeys from once weekly to once monthly with marked elevation of plasma levels of zinc. The relative water solubility of the zinc salts, at least over the two orders of magnitude of solubility ranges studied, seems not to influence the plasma zinc response. However, a dose-response relationship occurs: the more zinc injected per unit time, the higher the plasma zinc concentrations. In the monkey, the sensitivity of the plasma zinc response increases by approximately one order of magnitude compared to that of the rat, when based upon the dose of zinc injected per kilogram of body weight. This depot method offers advantages over other methods for animal studies of zinc. It may eventually find therapeutic application in man as well. PMID- 7291298 TI - Anti-inflammatory, antiproteolytic, and antihemolytic properties of pyrrole carboxylic acids. AB - Eight substituted pyrrole carboxylic acids were evaluated for their anti inflammatory activity against carageenin-induced edema in rats. The protection afforded by seven of these compounds at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. ranged from 11 to 42%. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.), used as a reference drug, possessed 45% anti-inflammatory activity under similar experimental conditions. The ability of these compounds to exhibit in vitro antiproteolytic activity was reflected by their ability to inhibit trypsin-induced hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin. The inhibition of the activity of trypsin by these substituted pyrrole carboxylic acids (1 mM) ranged from 42 to 90% while such an inhibition with indomethacin (1 mM) was 95%. The in vitro membrane stabilizing property of these substituted pyrrole carboxylic acids was observed by their ability to provide protection against heat-induced dog erythrocyte hemolysis. The I50 value of these compounds, representing the concentration required to inhibit one-half of heat-induced erythrocyte hemolysis, ranged from 0.29 to 6.0 mM. Such an inhibition was concentration-dependent and biphasic in nature. The I50 value for indomethacin, showing greater antihemolytic activity was found to be 0.02 mM under similar experimental conditions. These results have provided some correlation of anti inflammatory activity with antiproteolytic and membrane stabilizing properties for substituted pyrrole-3-carboxylic acids alone but not for pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids. PMID- 7291297 TI - Diltiazem pretreatment reduces experimental myocardial infarct size in rat. AB - Diltiazem (DZ) is a calcium channel blocking drug which has been shown to be a potent coronary artery dilating agent in the rat. Since this agent has been shown to reduce heart rate and contractility as well as to inhibit calcium transport in the ischemic myocardium, the present study was conducted to determine if DZ is effective in reducing myocardial infarct (MI) size in a rat model utilizing experimental left coronary artery ligation. Rats were pretreated (30 min presurgery) with either DZ (20 mg/kg i.p.) or saline (SA). At 48 h postsurgery, left ventricles were removed and assayed for total creatine kinase activity (CK). Percent infarct size was calculated and found to be significantly reduced from 14.8% in control SA to 6.7% of the total left ventricle in the DZ-treated group (p less than 0.01). Thus, pretreatment with DZ significantly preserves total CK activity and reduces % infarct size in the left ventricle of rats 48 h after experimental MI. PMID- 7291299 TI - Electrophysiological effects of methyl 3-O-methyl gallate on single muscle fibres. AB - The electrophysiological changes induced by methyl 3-O-methyl gallate, a substance extracted from Crinodendron hookerianum, have been studied on 32 muscle fibres of Pleurodema thaul. Four concentrations were used: 1 x 10(-5), 2 x 10( 5), 1 x 10(-4), and 2 x 10(-4) mol/l, the results being a reversible dose dependent reduction of the overshoot and the amplitude of the action potential, a prolongation of the rise and decay times of the spike, as well as a depolarization of the resting membrane potential. An explanation of these results by a blockade of the potassium and possibly the sodium channels in the cellular membrane is discussed. PMID- 7291300 TI - The influence of rolipram on the central serotoninergic system. AB - The influence of rolipram, a potential psychotropic drug, on the central serotoninergic system was studied. Rolipram was found to elicit the head twitch reaction in rats but not in mice. This effect was abolished by phenoxybenzamine, clonidine and morphine but not by cyproheptadine, metergoline and pizotifen. The antagonistic action of morphine was reversed by naloxone. Rolipram stimulated the flexor reflex of the hind limb in the spinal rat but this effect was blocked neither by cyproheptadine and pizotifen, nor by phenoxybenzamine. In rats kept at a high ambient temperature, rolipram induced slight hypothermia and did not affect the hyperthermia induced by fenfluramine. Rolipram produced also slight hypothermia in rabbits. Our results indicate that rolipram does not affect the central serotoninergic transmission but in some of its central effects (the head twitch reaction) the noradrenergic system and the opiate receptors seem to be involved. PMID- 7291301 TI - [Depressive states during the clinical treatment of 280 schizophrenic inpatients (author's transl)]. AB - Only a few studies have investigated the frequency and reasons for depressive states during the clinical treatment of actual schizophrenic psychoses. The constructs used--pharmacogenic depression, postpsychotic depression, akinetic depression etc.--are not well defined and not empirically based. There are contradictory results about the frequency and the course of depressive states during the clinical treatment. We tried to collect informations concerning this problem by analysing the data of 280 acutely schizophrenic inpatients treated with neuroleptics. The data were obtained using standardized rating scales. The ratings were performed by the treating psychiatrists (Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale) and by the patients themselves (Clinical Selfrating Scales). The mean scores of depressive syndromes decreased between admission and discharge. On admission 48% of the patients showed a marked depressive apathetic syndrome, only 17% at discharge. Most of the patients, who suffered from a depression at discharge, already had a depressive syndrome of the same or greater intensity on admission. 56% of the 237 patients, who filled out the "acute mood scale", showed a relatively long depression during the clinical stay. These depression were overrepresented in those patients who already suffered from depression on admission. Only 41% of the 237 patients developed a depression without having had depressive mood on admission. The newly developed depressions could possibly be regarded as caused by neuroleptics. However also morbogenic and psychoreactive factors must be taken into consideration to explain these depressions. PMID- 7291303 TI - The implementation of a generalised Batho inhomogeneity correction for radiotherapy planning with direct use of CT numbers. AB - A method for performing inhomogeneity corrections using a generalised Batho equation is described. The corrections are performed using the quantitative anatomical data produced by a CT scanner. The generalised Batho equation has been implemented on an EMIPLAN 7000 interactive treatment planning system. Details are given of the acquisition of the required data from the CT scan and from the existing stored beam data of the therapy machines. PMID- 7291302 TI - Guidelines for the evaluation of drugs in the elderly neuropsychiatric patients (demented and non-demented). PMID- 7291304 TI - Monte Carlo calculations of x-ray scatter data for diagnostic radiology. AB - X-ray scatter data have been calculated by Monte Carlo methods for diagnostic radiology applications. The scatter intensities relative to the primary intensities are given for different detectors for various values of object thickness, field size, object-to-detector distance, and primary energy. The results are compared the those from previous investigations. The calculations made it possible to resolve contradictions in published measurements regarding the dependence of scatter intensities on primary X-ray energy and detector response. PMID- 7291305 TI - True three-dimensional image reconstruction by nuclear magnetic resonance zeugmatography. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) zeugmatographic imaging may become a safe and versatile alternative to medical imaging techniques that employ ionising and ultrasonic radiation. Most of the techniques that have been described for obtaining NMR images use single point, line, or plane scans to give a single slice, or reconstruct only a two-dimensional projection, and are relatively inefficient, complex, or difficult to scale up for use on the human body. There are a number of advantage to scanning simultaneously an approximately spherical volume to obtain a true three-dimensional image. A simple two-stage reconstruction method is described for obtaining such images efficiently with isotropic resolution, and examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and usefulness of this mode. The feasibility of high-resolution imaging on large objects is also discussed. PMID- 7291306 TI - Application of in vivo activation analysis to the compartmental study of sodium in the hand. AB - Sodium kinetics were studied in the hands of 14 subjects by local in vivo neutron activation analysis. Hands were irradiated with 252 Cf sources giving absorbed doses of 8 cGy. The variation in 24Na radioactivity was plotted against time, and each curve fitted to a function that was the sum of two exponentials. Two pools were identified, one corresponding to fast turnover, with a half-life of about one hour, the other to a slower turnover process with a half-life averaging 79 h if the calcium concentration of the hand bones is normal, and 35 h if it is subnormal. The mean ratio of calcium to slowly exchangeable sodium is estimated to be 47.7, and the ratio of quickly exchangeable sodium to slowly exchangeable sodium to be 0.65. These various parameters should be of interest in bone pathology. PMID- 7291307 TI - A simple method of x-ray fluorescence analysis in hair. AB - A simple X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis method has been developed for the determination of trace element concentrations in hair. It utilises strands of hair which are dropped on a Formvar foil and irradiated in an X-ray beam. The effective sample mass was estimated by measuring scattered X-ray photons. The attenuation correction for the X-rays from light elements was estimated using a simple model. Results are in agreement with those obtained by the atomic absorption method. PMID- 7291309 TI - Analysis of recorded image noise in nuclear medicine. AB - The concepts of autocovariance function and Wiener spectrum have been applied to describe the recorded image noise in nuclear medicine. They were derived as functions of the expected detected count density and the detector and exposure point spread functions. It was shown that the detector system affects only the noise magnitude, whereas the recorder system affects both noise magnitude and texture. In experimental studies, the autocovariance function and Wiener spectrum of recorded image noise were measured by one-dimensional time-series analysis. Due to the non-linearity of the recording film, the best agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results is found when the detected count density is sufficiently high and the size of the exposure spot is sufficiently large for the density fluctuations in the recorded noise image to be relatively low. PMID- 7291308 TI - An investigation of 11C-methane, 13N-nitrous oxide and 11C-acetylene as regional cerebral blood flow agents. AB - Radioisotopes of xenon or krypton are generally used as the inert diffusible indicators in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies. These gases have disadvantages when introduced into the body inhalation because of their low solubility in body tissues. The use of 11C-methane, 13N-nitrous oxide and 11C acetylene as inhalation rCBF agents has been investigated. These gases span a wide range of solubilities: methane is four times less soluble than xenon in body tissues while nitrous oxide and acetylene are respectively 3 and 6 times more soluble. Cerebral blood flow measurements were performed on normal volunteers using the three labelled gases as well as 133Xe. All tracers were administered by inhalation and the cerebral clearance of the gases was monitored by coincidence detection. Uptake in the body was found to be dependent on solubility. The computed blood flow values found using the various indicators were in excellent agreement and were within the normal cerebral blood flow range. The high solubilities of acetylene and nitrous oxide result in a more efficient transfer of tracer from lung to brain than the conventionally used agents. The positron emission is also advantageous for tomographic rCBF measurements. PMID- 7291310 TI - Sensitivity dependence of an A-150 walled ion chamber to air humidity. PMID- 7291311 TI - Electron density values of various human tissues: in vitro Compton scatter measurements and calculated ranges. PMID- 7291312 TI - The influence of partial volume averaging on sphere detectability in computed tomography. PMID- 7291313 TI - Determination spatially distributed iodine thyroidal activity using coincidence counting. PMID- 7291314 TI - A wide-band ultraviolet radiation monitor for measuring the output of monochromators used in dermatology. PMID- 7291315 TI - An efficient method of plane definition for NMR imaging by the method of reconstruction from projections. PMID- 7291316 TI - [Sociomedical aspects of venous diseases]. AB - Supported by statistical data, the author of this article studies the frequency of phlebological disorders in 1977, and then looks at 1974 in comparison. He draws up the links between phlebopathies and the patients' professions, and studies the geographical distribution of these phlebopathies. Next he questions the current phenomenon of increasing numbers of phlebopathies and the problems which may be raised by hospitalization. After his analysis of these various data he considers the economic aspects of phlebopathy and widens future perspectives within a really sanitary phlebological programme. PMID- 7291317 TI - [Ambulatory phlebitis. Clinical and therapeutic aspects. Significance of the "retention-ambulation" treatment]. AB - Phlebitis developing in the case of an active, non-bedridden patient demands early clinical diagnosis, with the object of getting a rapidly effective treatment under way as quickly as possible. Retention using a fixed non-elastic dressing, applied when there is the slightest suspicion of phlebitis, constitutes both prevention and cure, and enables the patient to continue all activity, to stand up, and to walk, all of which are vital to favorable development. Complementary treatments following the indications of the symptomatology are the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs, in sufficient doses, intra-arterial injections of Novocaine, and eventually, but not systematically, the prescription of anti-coagulants. Developments should be closely followed afterwards, and the therapeutic pattern eventually completed. The treatment by "retention-ambulation" of phlebitis of the lower members is important at all stages of phlebitis illness, and in particular in the case of bedridden patients treated with the aim of enabling them to get up and walk, and in the case of patients recovering from phlebitis, facilitating the reabsorption of the oedema and in face of phlebitic sequelae to prevent complications. PMID- 7291318 TI - [Surgery of venous thrombosis]. AB - A place is rarely found for surgery in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis. We ought to use the surgical method to avoid pulmonary embolism if heparinotherapy is contraindicated or in cases of embolism arising in spite of correct medical treatment. Surgery may also be used to avoid post-thrombotic syndrome if the cause of thrombosis is detected and can be corrected without too many risks. PMID- 7291319 TI - [Possibilities of drug therapy in the fight against deep venous thrombosis]. AB - The aim of treatment of this illness should be recovery of the circulation, i.e. the suppression of thrombi in the deep venous network. This goal may currently be reached, in the same way as embolic lysis, by the early administration of streptokinase and urokinase, whose mechanisms, dosage-problems and chances of success are discussed here. This thrombolytic treatment is charged with major risks. If it is not to be used then anticoagulants are indicated. These have only a prophylactic effect, that is: they prevent the growth of thrombi. Heparin is the most active anticoagulant but it can only be administered parenterally. The author discusses the mechanism and efficiency of heparin and the antagonists of vitamin K1. Anti-aggregates rather show prophylactic action in the formation of arterial thromboses. Their spectacular effect in vitro on coagulation in vivo has not always been clearly proved in the venous system. It can be seen from the varied effects on thrombocytes and the vascular wall why anti-aggregates are not ideal anti-coagulants. PMID- 7291320 TI - [Use of the Doppler effect in the prevention of accidental intraarterial injection of a sclerosing agent]. AB - A high degree of safety has been reached in sclerotherapy. The accidental intra arterial injection of a sclerosant is considered to be a rare but serious complication. After mentioning the importance of clinical examination the author considers the import of the ultra-sound method to diagnostics and the prevention of some complications in sclerotherapy. He recalls the dangerous zones and situations, and clearly demonstrates the precision of the Doppler which indicates arterial vessels. It is important to interpret correctly the language of the ultra-sound investigation, and to evaluate the spontaneous signals from the arteries by exploring the sounds produced by venous circulation with the various available techniques. The discussion involves 76 patients examined by the Doppler before sclerosis. No complications were observed, although in 17 cases there were arterioles close to the varices or microvaries to be injected. This proves the importance of the Doppler in the daily practice of all angiologists. PMID- 7291321 TI - [Round Table on the sclerotherapy of varices. Timisoara, 24 April 1979]. PMID- 7291322 TI - [Static scintigraphy using technetium 99 labelled red blood cells]. AB - Our personal modification to the isotopic gammaphlebography technique involving red blood cells marked with (a 10 mCu dose of) Tc-99 is shown. This process involves further the injection of the isotope endovenously in the inner face of the elbow articulation, after having first injected 2 ml Cl2Sn, which allows re injection of the radioactive bolus after its passage through the lung region, so that more accurate and complete images may be obtained, without having to perform any manipulations in the lower extremities. 80 patients are studied, and their study is completed by means of the Doppler Effect and impedance rheopletismography. The results are shown : 87,5% and 88,5% of good correlations in Doppler are obtained for acute and chronic cases respectively. 77,75% and 92% with impedance rheopletismography in the same cases. Six evidencing cases are shown. PMID- 7291323 TI - The management of varicose veins. PMID- 7291324 TI - Kinetics of furocoumarin photosensitization of DNA to near-ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7291325 TI - Photoinactivation of catalase. PMID- 7291326 TI - Ultraviolet radiation-induced tumors do not arise from a subpopulation of ultraviolet-resistant cells. PMID- 7291327 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of tryptophan in monomeric glucagon. PMID- 7291328 TI - The masking model: a possible explanation for various effects of near-UV radiation. PMID- 7291329 TI - Near-UV induction of sister chromatid exchanges under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. PMID- 7291330 TI - Time course of photoreactivation of UV-induced chromosomal aberrations and lethal damage in interphase Xenopus cells. PMID- 7291331 TI - Symposium: career opportunities in physiology. PMID- 7291332 TI - Do we really need more physiologists? PMID- 7291333 TI - Ph.D.'s in clinical departments. PMID- 7291334 TI - Salivary gland secretion. PMID- 7291335 TI - Computer programs in BASIC for microcomputers. PMID- 7291337 TI - Implications of the Health and Safety at Work Act in relation to hydrotherapy departments. PMID- 7291336 TI - Basic hydrotherapy. PMID- 7291338 TI - The Bad Ragaz ring method. PMID- 7291339 TI - Facial growth and arch symmetry in the surgical prosthetic treatment of cleft lip and palate. PMID- 7291341 TI - The effectiveness of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in reducing the incidence of spherical contracture around breast implants. AB - Vitamin E appears to be a safe, simple, and inexpensive means of reducing the number of postoperative capsular contractures following breast augmentation. The synthetic form of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) is recommended to avoid nausea or skin eruptions in patients with oily skin, which are frequently encountered when the natural form is taken. No harmful side effects have been noted in any of the patients to date. Vitamin E has no effect on coagulation systems and does not cause excessive bleeding either during or after surgery. The recommended dosage of synthetic vitamin E is 1000 IU, b.i.d., for 2 years beginning 1 week before surgery. If no contracture exists at that time, the dosage may be reduced to 1000 IU daily thereafter. PMID- 7291340 TI - Obtaining a gentle contour to the columella by modifying the maxillary spine. AB - There are several structures involved in columellaplasty, and all affect the support and shape of the tip, the columella, and the upper lip. The present paper considers only the problem of the deformities of the maxillary spine and its lower extension over the midline, causing broadening and asymmetrical development of the columella as well as a short upper lip, and an obtuse columella-lip angle. During rhinoplasty, the nasal spine can be exposed and reshaped by carving and remodeling with drilling. At the same time, the support this structure provides for the columella and tip can be retained. This paper is based on follow-up of 50 patients on whom surgical correction of the maxillary spine was performed with satisfactory results in 90 percent. PMID- 7291342 TI - Combination myocutaneous flap and microvascular free flap. PMID- 7291343 TI - The lateral calcaneal artery skin flap (the lateral calcaneal artery, lesser saphenous vein, and sural nerve skin flap). AB - The lateral calcaneal artery skin flap is an axial-pattern flap that can provide skin flap coverage over the exposed calcaneal tendon or os calcis on the posterior or plantar heel. The flap can be designed as a short (8.0 X 4.5 cm in the adult) vertical flap or a long (14.0 X 4.5 cm) flap that curves forward to the base of the fifth metatarsal. Anatomic dissection and Doppler flow studies have been done on healthy volunteers and in patients with severe peripheral vascular disease. There was blood flow in the lateral calcaneal artery in 100 percent of the healthy patients and in 92 percent of those with peripheral vascular disease. Caution must be observed when planning the long version of the flap to be certain that there is adequate arterial flow. We recommend directional Doppler studies in all patients in whom the long version of the flap is planned. When there has been significant lower extremity trauma, an angiogram should be obtained before proceeding with either the short or long version of the flap. When the long lateral calcaneal artery flap is to be used, parallel sides of the flap should be incised and undermined and a vascular clamp should be placed on the distal end of the flap. The intravenous fluorescein test is then performed before determining whether to divide the third side of the flap or to delay it. PMID- 7291344 TI - Microvascular fibrinolysis after ischemia: its relation to vascular patency and tissue survival. PMID- 7291345 TI - The principle of chemosurgery and delayed primary reconstruction in the management of difficult basal cell carcinomas. PMID- 7291346 TI - Management of the brown recluse spider bite. AB - A model to study the dermonecrotic effects of a crude fraction of venom from the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) was developed using female New Zealand white rabbits. In the rabbit model, surgical excision of the sites of intradermally injected crude venom did not always prevent subsequent necrosis or wound dehiscence despite the use of fluorescein to determine the surgical margin. Heparin and steroids did not prevent the venom-induced necrosis and were much less effective than surgical excision or injecting a specific antivenom. When given within 24 hours, the specific antivenom raised against the brown recluse spider venom blocked or markedly attenuated the toxic effects of the venom in the rabbit model system. PMID- 7291347 TI - Presidential address. Quotations, ruminations, and illuminations: the state of the Society. PMID- 7291348 TI - Ecthyma contagiosum (orf). PMID- 7291350 TI - Vulvar lymphatic malformation. PMID- 7291351 TI - Medial canthal tendon reconstruction. PMID- 7291349 TI - Dupuytren's diathesis: a broad-spectrum disease. PMID- 7291352 TI - A new bone forceps. PMID- 7291353 TI - An easy method of nasal splinting. PMID- 7291354 TI - The use of dental floss in arch bar application. PMID- 7291356 TI - Delineation of the pressure sore bursa using methylene blue and hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7291355 TI - Proplast reconstruction of the lower sternum. PMID- 7291357 TI - Genetic counseling in cleft lip and cleft palate. PMID- 7291358 TI - Cephalometric analysis: part I. AB - A protocol for cephalometric analysis is presented to enable the clinician to evaluate the bony face by subdividing it into four components: 1. Vertical facial measurements 2. Horizontal midface measurements 3. Horizontal lower face measurements 4. Dental measurements. The clinician is encouraged to view the components alone and together. Caution is advised in deriving the treatment plans solely from the cephalometric analysis. Emphasis is placed on integrating the data derived from the cephalometric analysis with the clinical picture, history, dental model analysis, soft-tissue analysis, and patient desires. PMID- 7291359 TI - Cricothyroidotomy and subglottic stenoses. PMID- 7291360 TI - The anatomy of the larynx. PMID- 7291361 TI - [Aminophylline in the treatment of respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291362 TI - [Therapy of allergic diseases of respiratory airways with topical corticosteroids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291363 TI - [Difficulties in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with disorders of other organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291364 TI - [Atopical phenomena in the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291365 TI - [The molds and yeasts isolated from sputa of patients with respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291366 TI - [The importance of cytological examination of the material taken during fiberbronchoscopy in the diagnostics of pulmonary carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291367 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291368 TI - [Acute pseudoanaphylactic reaction to procaine penicillin G (PPG) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291369 TI - [Broncholithiasis imitating bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291370 TI - [Immune complexes in the lungs in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291371 TI - [Normal values for diffusing capacity in school age children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291373 TI - Differential psychotherapy outcome among depressed and impulsive patients as a function of analytic and experiential treatment procedures. AB - Assessment of five psychotherapy procedures, broadly representing experiential and analytical orientations, was undertaken with two groups of clinic outpatients. The patient groups were similar in the length of treatment received, degree of psychological disturbance present, and the frequency with which they were exposed to each of the treatment procedures. Both therapist and external raters assessed the patients' improvement on target symptoms and global change measures at the conclusion of treatment. The results suggest a clear superiority of experiential treatment procedures across patient groups. However, analytic treatments achieved their greatest effect among depressive anxious patients and their least effect among impulsive externalizing patients. PMID- 7291372 TI - Stigma and mental disorder: phenomena and terminology. AB - My aim in this paper is to examine the application of the concept stigma to mental disorder and to the mentally ill. I believe that the loose use of this term serves to obscure the real issues that must be confronted in attempting to change public response to mental disorder. I shall examine recent, and in my opinion ill-advised, use of the concept stigma and then present some data that bear upon social responses to mentally ill patients and former patients in contemporary America. My data are derived from a long-term study of mental patients and their families, and I shall document that their feelings of stigmatization are not so much a consequence of the response of others to their having been hospitalized for mental illness or labeled mentally ill as of self doubts or chronic manifestations of mental illness. PMID- 7291374 TI - Alcohol abuse and the borderline patient. AB - Effective treatment of the alcohol-abusing borderline patient involves knowledge of two pathological processes. Alcoholism treatment methods and theory can have a profound effect upon the approach used with such patients, helping the therapist deal with the patient in a way that is respectful of his strengths and weaknesses. This paper describes how a knowledge of alcoholism treatment can be used in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, which is defined as the application of analytically-derived insights into motivations and resistances. Treatment of the alcoholism and the psychiatric disorder are best begun together at the outset of therapy, each method assisting the other. PMID- 7291375 TI - Directiveness in psychotherapy and the "sexual revolution". AB - The "sexual revolution" has produced both tangible gains and new contexts in which susceptible people can get into trouble. Increasing separation of "sexuality" from reproduction is a gain. Psychotherapy itself can profit, both by the need to deal with new problems and by the opportunity which new social behaviors afford for rethinking theory on a basis of observation. We are no longer likely to be overzealous in categorizing sexual deviance. The potential separation of sex from parenthood makes possible a better-aimed directive psychotherapy. The fact that we no longer moralize irrationally about sexual preferences makes us free to moralize rationally about parenting and about responsible behavior--the area which an antidote to "anything goes" is most evidentially defensible on psychiatric grounds. PMID- 7291376 TI - A short-term hospital program preparing borderline and schizophrenic patients for intensive psychotherapy. AB - This paper explores the role of a short-term hospitalization program in preparing certain borderline and schizophrenic patients for intensive psychotherapy on an outpatient basis. I will begin with a description of the inpatient unit and next discuss some relevant theoretical issues regarding borderline and schizophrenic psychopathology. I will then describe how these issues are dealt with in the evaluation procedure, in individual psychotherapy, and in the milieu therapy provided by our program. PMID- 7291377 TI - Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: expectation and prediction. PMID- 7291378 TI - Time, distance, and feature trade-offs in visual apparent motion. PMID- 7291379 TI - Free time as a reinforcer for on-task behavior in a special education classroom. PMID- 7291380 TI - Predicting special needs from information available at birth. PMID- 7291381 TI - Effects of assertion training within context of a multi-modal alcoholism treatment program for employed alcoholics. PMID- 7291382 TI - Modification of a spelling disorder by increasing teacher's instruction time. PMID- 7291383 TI - Research on repeated abortion: state of the field: 1973-1979. PMID- 7291384 TI - Structured skill test in physical examination. PMID- 7291385 TI - Relationship of drug of choice, race, and crime to entry in drug abuse treatment. PMID- 7291386 TI - Dietary treatment of children with problematic activity level. PMID- 7291387 TI - Student-like behavior as a function of contingent social interaction in a psychiatric day treatment program. PMID- 7291388 TI - Child abuse and locus of control. PMID- 7291389 TI - Human growth: effects of a human development course on criminal justice personnel. PMID- 7291390 TI - Private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and trait anxiety. PMID- 7291392 TI - Test anxiety level and test format preference. PMID- 7291393 TI - Relative importance of mental dysfunction to chronic alcoholics. PMID- 7291391 TI - Expectation effects in growth groups. PMID- 7291394 TI - Drinking-related control orientation and alcohol intoxication. PMID- 7291395 TI - Age differences in WISC-R subtest ranks of children experiencing academic difficulties. PMID- 7291396 TI - Academic contracting with emotionally disturbed children. PMID- 7291397 TI - Time analysis of patients seen for multiple psychiatric evaluations of competency. PMID- 7291398 TI - Female substance abusers: need for research. PMID- 7291399 TI - Time in residential care and participation in Alcoholics Anonymous as predictors of continued sobriety. PMID- 7291400 TI - Sex and case assignment: further evidence of a phenomenon in search of an explanation. PMID- 7291401 TI - Psychologists' attitudes about prescribing medications. PMID- 7291402 TI - Liking of the first drug experience: a comparison of ten drugs in opiate addicts. PMID- 7291403 TI - Eating behavior, emotions, and overweight. PMID- 7291404 TI - Response patterns of children to interrogatives with differing syntactical complexities. PMID- 7291405 TI - Concerns of secondary students with a history of learning disabilities: a pilot study. PMID- 7291406 TI - Health locus of control of health fair participants. PMID- 7291407 TI - Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, a diagnostic interview in evaluations of insanity: an exploratory study. PMID- 7291408 TI - Correlates of change in attitudes toward mental illness among vocational nursing students. PMID- 7291409 TI - Ability to simulate normalcy as a function of differential psychopathology. PMID- 7291410 TI - Use of assertive training in teaching the expression of positively assertive behavior. PMID- 7291412 TI - Counselor's recognition of factors in lethality of suicide. PMID- 7291411 TI - Inconsistent interpersonal judgment in thought-disordered schizophrenia. PMID- 7291414 TI - Personality correlates or Barksdale Self-Esteem Index scores among nursing students: a validation study. PMID- 7291413 TI - Escape from the rocking chair: young adults' changing perceptions of elderly persons as a function of intergenerational contact. PMID- 7291415 TI - Specific perceptual remediation: effects related to sex, IQ, and parents' occupational status; behavioral change pattern by scale factors; and mechanism of benefit hypothesis tested. PMID- 7291417 TI - Changes in level of type A behavior in college students over a four-year period. PMID- 7291416 TI - Behavior observation system for autism: analysis of behaviors among autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children. PMID- 7291418 TI - Acquisition of living skills by chronic patients as a function of type of reinforcement. PMID- 7291419 TI - Relationship of client-perceived facilitative conditions on outcome of behaviorally oriented assertive training. PMID- 7291420 TI - UCLA Loneliness Scale and effects of stress. PMID- 7291421 TI - Taste aversion learning and long-term retention in juvenile rats. PMID- 7291422 TI - The incest controversy. PMID- 7291424 TI - Effects of distance from interviewer and intimacy of topic on verbal productivity and anxiety. PMID- 7291423 TI - Reaction time in relation to amplitude of the Achilles tendon reflex. PMID- 7291426 TI - Type A-B behavior and the overt and covert hostility levels of college students. PMID- 7291425 TI - Special considerations in administering the Quick Test to mentally retarded and central nervous system-impaired subjects. PMID- 7291427 TI - Validity of the MMPI Prison Maladjustment Scale in identifying disciplinary transfers among federally incarcerated male offenders. PMID- 7291428 TI - Operant treatment of depression: a case study. PMID- 7291429 TI - Effects of reduced central and peripheral catecholamines on avoidance learning. PMID- 7291431 TI - Smoking behavior of scientists. PMID- 7291430 TI - Transcending the iatrogenic approach to treating mentally retarded and learning disabled persons. PMID- 7291432 TI - Assertiveness training with children. PMID- 7291433 TI - Rhythms of plasma noradrenaline in man. PMID- 7291434 TI - Influence of male social contacts, exercise and all-female living conditions on the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7291435 TI - The effects of circumcision on serum cortisol and behavior. PMID- 7291436 TI - Young Psychophysiologist Award address, 1980. P300 latency: a new metric of information processing. PMID- 7291437 TI - Committee report. Publication guidelines for heart rate studies in man. PMID- 7291438 TI - Committee report. Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements. PMID- 7291439 TI - Selective attention effects on the reflex blink. PMID- 7291440 TI - Electrodermal responses to auditory stimuli with different significance in neurological patients. PMID- 7291441 TI - Heart rate discrimination before and after exercise-induced augmented cardiac activity. PMID- 7291442 TI - The variation of p300 amplitude in a money-winning paradigm in children. PMID- 7291443 TI - Neuroanatomical and physiological foundations of extraversion. PMID- 7291444 TI - Sympathetic skin nerve discharges in relation to amplitude of skin resistance responses. PMID- 7291445 TI - P300 and feedback provided by absence of the stimulus. PMID- 7291446 TI - Perceived changes in the intensity of arterial pulsations as a function of applied cuff pressure. PMID- 7291449 TI - Relationships of pulse transmission times to pre-ejection period and blood pressure. PMID- 7291448 TI - Accuracy demonstrations, threat, and the detection of deception: cardiovascular, electrodermal, and pupillary measures. PMID- 7291447 TI - The production of specific decreases in interbeat interval and the motor skills analogy. PMID- 7291450 TI - Event-related potentials (ERPs) to interruptions of a steady rhythm. PMID- 7291451 TI - A survey of laboratory computers in psychophysiology. PMID- 7291452 TI - Detection of and recovery from errors in cardiac interbeat intervals. PMID- 7291453 TI - An R-wave simulator for testing and calibrating heart rate amplification and processing systems. PMID- 7291454 TI - A synopsis of the status of the new antidepressants. PMID- 7291455 TI - Teaching clinical psychopharmacology. PMID- 7291457 TI - Current psychopharmacological research activities of the WHO center in Italy. PMID- 7291456 TI - Chronobiology in psychiatry. PMID- 7291458 TI - The cholinergic system in neuropsychiatry. PMID- 7291459 TI - Methods for assessing the abuse potential of psychotropic drugs in humans. PMID- 7291460 TI - Geriatric neuropsychopharmacology. PMID- 7291461 TI - Neuropeptides psychopathology, and behavior. PMID- 7291462 TI - Bioequivalency of psychotropic agents. PMID- 7291464 TI - MAO inhibitors. new biochemical and clinical findings. PMID- 7291463 TI - Impact of perinatal environment on neural function. PMID- 7291465 TI - Conditioned drug effects: implications for neuropsychopharmacology. PMID- 7291466 TI - Patient package inserts: dogma and data. PMID- 7291467 TI - Sleep and neuroendocrine abnormalities in affective disorders: new findings. PMID- 7291468 TI - Biological and/or genetic factors in alcoholism. PMID- 7291469 TI - Endorphins and enkephalins. PMID- 7291470 TI - Genetics of affective disorders: new data and methods. PMID- 7291471 TI - Political and cultural factors in achieving continuity with a primary health care provider at an Indian Health Service hospital. AB - A primary care system was established at Zuni-Ramah Indian Health Service Hospital and clinic in New Mexico. Continuity and coordination of care were added to a health care system that was already accountable, accessible, and comprehensive. The new system offered each patient a personal health care provider who worked as a member of a multidisciplinary team. In changing the health care system, special attention was given to its cultural and political setting, the village of Zuni. After thorough discussion with community and staff, community members' concerns about patients' privacy and free choice were better understood, and special efforts were made to safeguard them. Ongoing evaluation is essential to maintain continuity. Eight months after the primary care system was begun, 64 percent of patients who came for care had established a personal relationship with a health care provider. For 59 percent of the visits during the 1-month evaluation period, patients saw their regular provider and, for 82 percent, patients saw their provider or one of his or her team colleagues. These percentages include night and walk-in visits. The system required no extra funding or staff. The political process of planning and consultation helped anticipate and alleviate the community's concerns, but resistance from physician's assistants and some physicians was unexpected. A flexible approach has led to a gradual acceptance of this voluntary system. This experience with the people of Zuni village shows that a primary care system can be started in a rural Indian Health Service facility with minimal outside help. Apparent improvements in quality of care make the continuity of primary care worthy of further consideration in the IHS and similar health services systems. PMID- 7291472 TI - The denturism initiative. AB - Denturism, an organized movement by dental laboratory technicians to increase their control over the provision of denture services to the public, has generated a great deal of controversy among members of organized dentistry, the National Denturist Association, the Federal Trade Commission, consumer groups, and prepaid dental plans.Denturism is currently legal in Arizona, Colorado, Maine, and Oregon. In the first three States, the denturist must practice under the supervision of a dentist, but in Oregon the denturist is able to enter independent practice.The American Dental Association has held that a denturist is educationally unqualified to provide denture services directly to the consumer, Representatives of organized dentistry have characterized denturists as untrained and unskilled persons who would endanger the public's health and return one phase of dentistry to the apprentice system. They see denturism as constituting a major step backward in health care delivery and having an adverse effect on preventive dental care.The National Denturist Association, however, defines a denturist as a highly skilled person who specializes in the making of full and partial dentures. Denturists maintain that the dentist is an unnecessary middleman in the provision of denture services and is the primary cause of the high cost of dental prostheses. They contend that State dental laws providing that only dentists may render denture services have led to the high cost of these services without contributing significantly to the health and safety of the public.Organized dentistry in the United States has been fighting denturism in a number of ways. One that has met with considerable success has been the establishment of programs to provide people access to dental care, especially denture services, at lower costs. A second alternative under consideration is to license denturists but require them to practice under the supervision of a dentist. A third alternative under discussion is to expand the duties of existing dental auxiliary personnel.The final decision on denturism, however, will not be made by the dental profession or the denturists, but by the voting public and their elected representatives, based on the evidence they have before them. PMID- 7291473 TI - Coronary heart disease mortality and risk among Hispanics and non-Hispanics in Orange County, California. PMID- 7291474 TI - Relationships between public and private providers of health care. AB - Fifteen local health departments that were identified as notable for their involvement in rendering personal health care were intensively studied along with their communities. Interviews with local medical care leaders and practitioners provided much of the study data. Three patterns characterized the relationships between the health departments and private providers in the communities. In one pattern, there were dual or parallel systems of care, both public and private, which were self-contained, with little planned linkage between them. In another pattern, the public and private sectors were interactive, relying on each other in deliberate ways for the exchange of services. In a third pattern, termed accommodative, the private and public sectors, although maintaining service separation, planned with each other for the establishment of complementary programs that would be responsive to community needs. Provision of health services of high repute was associated with all three of these patterns. Although tensions were not absent between public and private providers in the study communities, a climate of mutual support and good will appeared to characterize their relationships. In none of the health departments selected as outstanding, was an atmosphere of conflict with the private medical community reported. PMID- 7291475 TI - Issues on the distribution of health care: some lessons from Canada. PMID- 7291476 TI - When motor vehicles hit joggers: an analysis of 60 cases. PMID- 7291477 TI - Use of medical services during a 2-month period in the Seattle-King County (Washington) jail. AB - Total health care utilization in the Seattle-King County jail over a 2-month period in spring 1979 was studied. The annualized visit rate for men was 48 per prisoner per year, 2.6 times the rate for men studied in a long-term prison and almost 20 times the rate for men studied in the general population. The annualized rate for female prisoners was three times that of male prisoners. For all prisoners, the most common problems seen were skin conditions (9.7 percent), musculoskeletal (8.3 percent), and psychiatric (8.2 percent). An examination of practitioners' patterns in providing care demonstrated the primary role of registered nurses, who saw 70 percent of the patients. During the study period, 125 transfers were made to a hospital; 48.8 percent were for medical problems, 41.6 percent for trauma, and 9.6 percent for psychosocial problems. PMID- 7291478 TI - Model to assess community services for elderly alcoholic. PMID- 7291479 TI - Writing readable health messages. PMID- 7291480 TI - Perspectives on public health: health professionals view the functions of local public health departments. PMID- 7291481 TI - Anomalous small angle scattering. PMID- 7291484 TI - [Transcription process in rat thymus cells subjected to x-ray irradiation. 6. Biosynthesis and metabolism of poly(A)-containing and poly(A)-noncontaining polysome RNA]. PMID- 7291485 TI - [Synergism of the action of gamma radiation and radiotoxins. 2. Its development, DNA synthesis and chromosome aberrations]. PMID- 7291482 TI - [Postradiation DNA repair in mammalian cells in combined exposure to hyperthermia, 8-bromocaffeine and actinomycin D]. PMID- 7291483 TI - [Early postradiation rat thymus chromatin changes: Mg2+ content and degradation intensity as affected by endogenous nucleases]. PMID- 7291486 TI - [Radioprotective effectiveness of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acids (poly I-poly C). 1. Protection of the hematopoietic system and the survival of irradiated animals as affected by poly I-poly C]. PMID- 7291487 TI - [Mechanism of the radioprotective action of beta-mercaptoethylamine mediated via the cyclic nucleotide system]. PMID- 7291488 TI - [Alteration of the rat median life expectancy in combined ionizing radiation exposure]. PMID- 7291489 TI - [Model of chronic local irradiation. 1. The focus of the radiation injury]. PMID- 7291490 TI - [Hypophyseal-thyroid system function of rats exposed to prolonged internal irradiation]. PMID- 7291491 TI - [Physicochemical state of plutonium-239 in the blood of rats resorbing it from the lungs, muscles, subcutaneous fat and abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7291492 TI - [Corticosterone and glucocorticoid-binding function of transcortin in single and fractionated x-ray irradiation at low doses]. PMID- 7291493 TI - [Use of etimizol for normalizing catecholamine metabolism in the hypothalamus in later periods after irradiation]. PMID- 7291494 TI - [Effect of short-wave UV irradiation on the genome mutation frequency in HeLa cell clone populations]. PMID- 7291495 TI - [Body radiosensitivity in the irradiation of animals in an altered gaseous environment. 3. The effect of breathing pure normal-pressure oxygen during gamma irradiation of mice on oxidative and hydrolytic enzymatic activity (a histochemical study)]. PMID- 7291496 TI - [General adaptivity of the progeny of irradiated animals. 1. The radiosensitivity of rats and mice under various conditions of radiation exposure]. PMID- 7291497 TI - [State of natural immunity factors after nonuniform radiation exposures]. PMID- 7291498 TI - [Effect of serum globulin preparations on the development of endogenous postradiation infection in mice]. PMID- 7291499 TI - [Model of combined radiation and thermal injury in experiments on cats]. PMID- 7291500 TI - [New approach to establishing a correlation between radiation resistance and metabolic processes in mammals of different species]. PMID- 7291501 TI - [Effect of plutonium-239 polymer on the sexual function of male rats and their progeny]. PMID- 7291502 TI - [Radiosensitivity changes in pea seeds as affected by low radiation doses]. PMID- 7291503 TI - [Thermoluminescent bone-equivalent mixtures and their use in the dosimetry of compact bone tissue]. PMID- 7291504 TI - [Variations in the charged particle path length in microvolumes under different irradiation conditions]. PMID- 7291505 TI - Rhesus babies and radiography. PMID- 7291506 TI - Fixer recycling combined with silver recovery. AB - A trial over nine months has been described, of equipment combining fixer recirculation with electrolytic silver recovery. The equipment has performed satisfactorily and a reduction of 50% in fixer consumption has been achieved without encountering difficulty. An increase in silver yield has resulted, although not yet accurately quantified. The equipment is neat and compact (25 in X 16 in X 29 in high) and will fit under a darkroom bench. It was fitted to a busy processor, handling among other things, the accident and emergency workload. It has proved adequate to deal with a heavy workload and further installations in the district are planned. PMID- 7291507 TI - Reconstructions in computerised transverse axial radiography. PMID- 7291508 TI - [Surgical therapy of germinal testicle tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical intervention in patients with germinal testicular tumors is performed to obtain the exact tumor histology and to define the stage of disease. This can be achieved by inguinal orchiectomy and retroperitoneal exploration. In cases without metastases, a modified retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (LA) can reduce operative morbidity. With regard to the juvenile age of the patients, protection of ejaculation is of particular importance. If retroperitoneal lymph node metastases are present radical LA should be performed. In case of infiltration of ureters or kidney pedicles a coincident of nephrectomy becomes necessary. Palliative primary surgery should be avoided by exact preoperative diagnosis. In patients presenting with primary inoperable tumors chemotherapy should be instituted prior to surgery. A more radical treatment is necessary if residual tumor has to be removed in a second look operation or after chemotherapy, respectively. Resection of metastases is particularly indicated in cases with mediastinal or pulmonary spread. PMID- 7291509 TI - [Radiation therapy of testicular tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Radiation therapy of seminoma is clearly defined and the results are extremely good. On the other hand radiation therapy of other testicular tumors still is not fully accepted. Excellent results of therapeutical treatment are always challenge for further improvement of therapeutical techniques and reduction of side effects. Best radiation therapy, which is taking into account size of tumor and metastases can produce for 95% of seminoma patients more than 5 years survival. For teratoid carcinoma radiation therapy is used successfully combined with chemotherapy. PMID- 7291510 TI - The diagnostic importance of the recognition of the inferior vena cava abnormalities on CT-examinations. AB - Two unusual variations of the Vena cava inferior, as shown by CT examinations, are reported and characteristic X-rays, as well as CT scans, are presented. The first case shows an IVC course to the left of the aorta and the second case absence of the intrahepatic portion of the IVC with azygos continuation. Difficulties in the differential diagnosis are analyzed and discussed, both demonstrated by plain X-rays and CT scans. PMID- 7291511 TI - [Parenchymal calcification after renal trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291512 TI - [Diverticulitis of the right large bowel (author's transl)]. AB - Perforation in the course of diverticulitis of the right side of the large bowel is a rare disease, which is mostly misinterpreted as appendicitis and generally disregarded in the differential diagnosis of pathological processes of the lower right abdomen. The results of radiological investigations (plane film, barium enema, CT) are demonstrated in two cases and diagnostic findings are discussed. Plane film of the abdomen allows only unspecific diagnosis of an inflammatory process in the right lower quadrant, barium enema reveals changes in the wall of the colon due to abscess formation. CT is also suitable to show those peridiverticular inflammatory changes, which lead to the right diagnosis. PMID- 7291514 TI - Relationship of side effects to patient position during and after metrizamide lumbar myelography. AB - A prospective study of 189 patients was performed to determine the type and incidence of side effects as a function of patient positioning after metrizamide lumbar myelography. Results indicated no difference in side effects if the patients are kept in bed or allowed to ambulate, as long as their heads are elevated above 45 degrees from horizontal. However, the incidence of complications is significantly reduced if conus or lower thoracic spine views are obtained with the patient in supine position. PMID- 7291513 TI - Raeder syndrome associated with lesions of the internal carotid artery. AB - The authors describe 3 patients with Raeder syndrome who also had lesions of the internal carotid artery in the region of the ascending sympathetic chain. One patient apparently had weakening of the artery wall, caused by extension of inflammatory disease, with hemorrhage brought on by exertion; another patient had a psuedoaneurysm possibly related to biopsy or irradiation, while a third had an aneurysm which may have been caused by a carotid artery dissection at the time of a whiplash injury many years earlier. PMID- 7291515 TI - Computed tomography of the lesser peritoneal sac. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was the primary diagnostic modality used in the evaluation of 14 patients with 15 surgically proved lesions of the lesser peritoneal sac. CT accurately localized 14 of the 15 abnormalities to the lesser sac. When combined with clinical information, CT correctly suggested the preoperative diagnosis of 13 of 15 lesions. The lesser sac abnormalities included a variety of pathologic entities: pseudocysts, abscesses, hematomas, a perforated gastric ulcer, a biloma, and a malignant neoplasm. The CT anatomy of the normal and abnormal lesser sac is discussed, with emphasis on its various compartments and recesses. PMID- 7291516 TI - Computed tomography of the liver in rhesus monkeys following losefamate meglumine administration. AB - Iosefamate meglumine was evaluated for potential use as a contrast agent for hepatic computed tomography (CT) in rhesus monkeys. Iosefamate meglumine in doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg I/kg was injected into four rhesus monkeys and hepatic CT attenuation values, blood iodine levels, serum enzyme levels, and hepatic histology were monitored. The hepatic CT number increased by 19 to 30 HU following a 150 mg I/kg dose and remained elevated for 15 to 45 minutes. Peak blood iodine values occurred 2 minutes postinjection but fell rapidly to less than 40% of the peak value by 45 minutes and less than 20% of peak by 4 hours. Transient elevations in serum enzyme levels were found but no histologic abnormalities were detected. Iosefamate meglumine is a potentially valuable hepatic CT contrast agent, as it produces a significant, prolonged increase in hepatic attenuation values and selectively opacifies functioning hepatocytes. PMID- 7291517 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of hepatic cysts by computed tomography. AB - Seven patients with computed tomographic (CT) evidence of cystic hepatic lesions are presented. In these cases, CT could not reliably distinguish benign hepatic cysts from other intrahepatic and extrahepatic cystic lesions. The attenuation coefficients of simple cysts and inflammatory or neoplastic lesions were similar, and smooth margins occurred in all three of these conditions. It was not possible to visualize and differentiate lesion walls from the surrounding normal hepatic parenchyma in some cases. It is concluded that the specificity of CT in the differentiation of benign cysts and other lesions is lower in the liver than it is in other areas, such as the kidney, and that in cases of diagnostic uncertainty, biopsy should be performed. PMID- 7291518 TI - Detection and staging of primary rectal and rectosigmoid cancer by computed tomography. AB - Thirty-nine patients were examined by computed tomography (CT) prior to resection of primary rectal [23] or rectosigmoid carcinoma [16]. There were 3 patients in Stage II [thickened bowel (greater than 0.5 cm) alone], 12 in Stage IIIa (thickened bowel wall and invasion of adjacent tissue, muscles, or organs, but no extension to the pelvic side walls), 18 in Stage IIIb (extension to the pelvic side walls), 6 in Stage IV (pelvic tumor and distant metastases), and none in Stage I (intraluminal mass without wall thickening). CT detected all 39 rectal or rectosigmoid tumors (sensitivity = 100%) and had an overall staging accuracy of 92%. These results show that CT is useful and accurate in detecting and staging primary rectal and rectosigmoid tumors. PMID- 7291519 TI - Contrast and latitude of CT hard copy: an ROC study. AB - A decision between film and paper for CT hard copy must be based on the different latitudes of the two media. The author conducted a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in which image information was matched to the characteristics of the recording media by adjusting both the window width of the display and the monitor contrast. Under these conditions, film images were found to be superior to print images for detection of noise-limited features. It is proposed that if the same optimization procedure were applied to clinical CT scans, the information content of the images could be increased. PMID- 7291520 TI - Ultrasonography and computed tomography of gastric wall lesions. AB - The ultrasonographic features of gastric wall lesions were studied in 40 patients and correlated with the CT findings in 14. Features diagnostic of tumor included (a) an infiltrative lesion causing thickening of the gastric wall, which can be localized or diffuse and smooth or irregular; (b) a globular mass, nodular or irregular, poorly or irregularly echogenic or containing a necrotic cavity; and (c) a combination of both, resulting in a rather complicated configuration. Gastritis and gastric ulcers also cause thickening of the gastric wall, but to a lesser extent. PMID- 7291521 TI - Hydrops fetalis: sonographic evaluation and clinical implications. AB - A systematic sonographic evaluation of hydropic fetus is presented, based on 21 cases and a literature review. The clinical implications of fetal ascites with or without anasarca, maternal hydramnios, maternal oligohydramnios, or an abnormally thick placenta are discussed as they relate to fetal outcome. It is concluded that sonography could play a major role in determining the optimal approach to perinatal management of the fetus in hydrops fetalis, and thus contribute to a reduction in the perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with this disorder. PMID- 7291522 TI - Nonimmunologic fetal hydrops wtih theca lutein cysts. AB - A case of nonimmunologic fetal hydrops complicated by bilateral theca lutein cysts is presented. It is thought that the theca lutein cysts were caused by elevated human chorionic gonadotrophin levels that were a result of fetal hydrops. These cysts should not be treated with surgery, since they usually regress once the pregnancy ends. PMID- 7291523 TI - Ventilation-perfusion lung scanning in patients detected by a screening program for early lung carcinoma. AB - Ventilation-perfusion (V-P) lung scans obtained in 114 patients in screening program for the early detection of lung cancer were reviewed, and abnormalities were correlated with radiographic and surgical findings. Eighty-seven patients eventually had a tissue diagnosis of carcinoma; 65 (75%) had a perfusion defect and 56 (67%) had a ventilation abnormality at the tumor site. Lobar or segmental perfusion abnormalities were present at the tumor site in two of 13 patients whose lung cancer could not be localized by chest radiographs. However, 12 of these 13 patients and 54% of those with radiographically visible lesions had perfusion abnormalities in other lung regions. Twenty-seven patients with suspected carcinoma who were subsequently proved to have benign lesions had V-P abnormalities similar to those in patients with lung cancer. Thus, no pattern of V-P abnormalities similar to those in patients with lung cancer. Thus, no pattern of V-P abnormalities allowed lung cancer in this screened population to be reliably distinguished from coexisting airway disease or non-malignant pulmonary masses. V-P lung studies have a limited role in the early detection of lung cancer. PMID- 7291524 TI - Combined gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy and 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy for detection of cardiac lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 7291525 TI - Effects of injection volume on the tissue dose, dose rate, and therapeutic potential intraperitoneal 32p. AB - Increasing the injection volume had no significant long-term effect on the distribution or tissue dose of intraperitoneal 32P in New Zealand white rabbits. Further, the range of doses and dose rates observed in the rabbit had little effect in vitro against either a human ovarian cancer line or an established Chinese hamster cell line. Demonstrable kill of human ovarian cancer cells was achieved, however, for initial 32P dose rates of 11 and 22 rad/h (0.11 and 0.22 Gy/h). From these results, it is estimated that administered 32P activities ranging from about 75-150 mCi (2.8-5.6 GBq) would be required for significant tumoricidal effects in ovarian cancer patients. PMID- 7291526 TI - Evaluation of density correction algorithms for photon-beam dose calculations. AB - The authors questioned whether more sophisticated density correction algorithms than those presently used for photon-beam dose calculations are necessary to take full advantage of CT in treatment planning. Predictions obtained with correction equations based on the radiological thickness (effective SSD) and generalized power-law TAR methods, as well as on the more complex equivalent-TAR method, we compared with ionization-chamber measurements in phantoms containing stimulated lung and soft tissues. Various geometric configurations were investigated for 60Co and 8-MV radiations. While the equivalent-TAR method gave the best general agreement, the power-law method appears to be accurate enough for regular treatment-planning purposes. The effective SSD method has a limited range of validity. At present, complicated methods of density correction do not seem to be justified. PMID- 7291527 TI - Effects of single-dose irradiation in tumor blood flow studied by 15O decay after proton activation in situ. AB - A noninvasive technique employing photon activation of tissue oxygen in situ and detection of subsequent 15O positron decay was used to study the effects of single-dose 60Co irradiation on capillary blood flow in transplanted rat rhabdomyosarcomas. Tumor blood flow was measured before irradiation with 16.5, 38.5, or 60.5 Gy and at several intervals afterward (0-72 hr.). Pre-irradiation values of volume-averaged blood flow in the tumor ranged from 7 to 44 ml/min./100 g. Several hours after irradiation, blood flow fell by up to 50% for 60.5 Gy and up to 35% for 16.5 Gy. However, 24 hours after irradiation, tumor blood flow had recovered completely in the 16.5-Gy group and substantially in the others. For smaller doses such as the fractions typically employed in radiotherapy, no changes in tumor blood flow were observed. PMID- 7291528 TI - Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic parenchymography. AB - Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic parenchymography was performed using the technique of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Contrast material was prepared from a nonionic surfactant combined with either sodium iothalamate or sodium and meglumine diatrizoate. With this method, a smooth contour of the pancreas and homogeneous pattern of the parenchyma were shown in the normal pancreas, while an irregular contour of the pancreas, unhomogeneous pattern of the parenchyma, and diminution of the area of the pancreas were found in chronic pancreatitis. In pancreatic carcinoma, a filling defect of the pancreatic field was seen. In the 186 cases studied, the only complication observed was a transient rise in serum amylase level. PMID- 7291529 TI - The environmental density artifact: a beam-hardening effect in computed tomography. AB - The environmental density artifact is an effect due to beam hardening in computed tomography (CT), and is the small but definite change in the CT number of a central region when surrounded by a larger region of different attenuation coefficient. This effect was measured in concentric cylindrical phantoms. The outer cylinder contained different solutions of iodinated contrast medium or isopropyl alcohol, and the central cylinder contained water. When the CT number in the outer cylinder increased by about 100 HU, that of the central water-filled cylinder increased by about 5 HU. This artifact may be the cause of erroneous diagnosis when contrast enhancement is employed in computed tomography. PMID- 7291530 TI - A pattern recognition method for the removal of streaking artifact in computed tomography. AB - A new method is presented for the removal of streaking artifact in computed tomography. The method uses a nearest-neighbor pattern recognition technique to redetermine ray sums that intersect the foreign object responsible for the streaking. When the method is applied to the removal of streaking artifact caused by lead in a skull phantom, excellent results are obtained. PMID- 7291531 TI - Immersion ultrasound of testicular pathology. AB - A water-coupled free-immersion ultrasound scanner, the Octoson, was used to study 70 patients with scrotal masses. Scrotal swelling can be identified accurately as intrascrotal fluid collections of solid lesions, and an intra- or extra testicular origin can be determined precisely. In most cases, testicular tumors can be distinguished from inflammatory conditions. Immersion testicular ultrasound can disclose the site, delineate the extent, and characterize the nature of intra- and extra-testicular lesions. PMID- 7291533 TI - Experimental venous occlusion with stainless-steel spiders. PMID- 7291532 TI - A rare source of pulmonary embolization in catheterization procedures. PMID- 7291534 TI - Single-composite image display of information from tomographic myocardial perfusion studies. AB - Tomography has the general advantage of improving spatial resolution in a direction perpendicular to the tomographic sections. However, visualizing the size, shape, and relative position of a lesion depicted in multiple tomograms can be difficult. The authors have developed computer software which permits the single-composite display of information contained in multiple tomographic sections from a thallium-201 myocardial perfusion study. The display also allows identification of left ventricular myocardial areas as normal, reversibly ischemic, or irreversibly ischemic and quantitates the per cent of myocardium in each category. PMID- 7291535 TI - Improved instruments for sialography. PMID- 7291536 TI - A linear tomographic alignment test object. AB - A simple test object that accurately assesses linear tomographic tube and cassette-movement alignment is described. This device consists of two offset pinholes, one located above and one below the fulcrum plane. The test object is easy to make and can be used during the installation and performance testing of conventional tomographic units. PMID- 7291537 TI - An improved film cassette for scoliosis radiography. AB - An improved film cassette for scoliosis radiography was constructed by joining two smaller cassettes for use with two 35 x 35-cm radiographic films. The new cassette has five advantages over previous scoliosis cassettes: a) lighter weight for easier handling, b) better film-screen contact, c) easier marking for patient identification, d) easier film loading and unloading, and e) lower film cost. PMID- 7291538 TI - The effect of varying spatial resolution on the detectability of diffuse pulmonary nodules. Assessment with digitized conventional radiographs. AB - Detection and discrimination of miliary disease and small pulmonary nodules were tested at six levels of spatial resolution varying between 0.3 and 2.5 l.p./mm, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The test images were obtained by digitizing selected normal and abnormal standard film/screen radiographs. Although there was no statistically significant difference in observer performance between 0.5 and 2.5 l.p./mm, the findings may have clinical relevance. Further observer detection studies of different disease processes are planned to help formulate performance standards for an electric digital radiographic device for chest imaging. PMID- 7291539 TI - The "arrow" pattern. PMID- 7291540 TI - Assessment of arterial blood flow measurements by digital angiography. AB - A system for computerized processing of video image series was utilized for the real-time digitization of arteriograms. There were 256 x 256 picture elements (pixels) per image with a resolution of 256 gray levels. Temporal changes in x ray absorption at each pixel as induced by contrast media were computed for the extraction of regional blood flow parameters. Four steps of processing included: (a) vascular masking, (b) time parameter extraction, (c) segmentation of vessels, and (d) segmental volume and flow determinations. The results were displayed pictorially as angiographic parameter images. Measurement of the regional blood flow was tested at the abdominal arteries in nine pigs. Flow distribution values at the renal and iliac arteries were accurate within +/- 5% of the total abdominal aortic flow. The method may also be applicable to quantitative circulatory studies of the cerebral, pulmonary, and possibly, coronary arteries. PMID- 7291541 TI - The radiological diagnosis of gallbladder disease. An imaging symposium. AB - Changes in the radiological diagnosis of gallbladder disease are occurring at a remarkable rate. In this symposium, several recognized authorities place the various diagnostic modalities and their interrelation in modern perspective. The present and future roles of oral cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography, the radiological diagnosis of chronic acalculous cholecystitis, and the use of ultrasonography and cholescintigraphy are analyzed. PMID- 7291542 TI - The radiographic appearance of the stomach in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. AB - Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is a nonfamilial form of diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis associated with ectodermal abnormalities of alopecia, and hyperpigmentation. Recent experience with two patients in whom the diagnosis was pathologically confirmed suggest that there is a specific radiographic appearance to the stomach in this disorder. There are enlarged rugal folds, polyps, and "whiskering" (appearance of multiple tiny projections due to barium trapped between nodular excrescences of rugae). When accompanied by the characteristic ectodermal abnormalities, this radiographic pattern aids in the diagnosis of this complex clinical entity. PMID- 7291543 TI - Fatal necrotizing pancreatitis following fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas. PMID- 7291544 TI - Systemic embolization as a complication of transhepatic venography. AB - Many patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension demonstrate a right-to-left shunt, caused by development of anastomoses connecting the high-pressure periesophageal veins with the low-pressure bronchial and/or pulmonary veins at the level of the pulmonary hili. These anastomoses from the pathway by which small Gelfoam particles injected into the coronary or short gastric veins may embolize the systemic arterial circulation. Such embolization could have serious consequences, but reports of such complications have not been found by the authors. PMID- 7291545 TI - Mega-aeroesophagus in children: a sign of gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Mega-aeroesophagus or massive pneumoesophagus, visible on plain chest radiographs of children, almost invariably is associated with gastroesophageal reflux. The finding is especially common in children with cerebral palsy and/or mental retardation. Occasionally, it is seen on a transient basis in severely ill or moribund patients, but even in these cases, it is usually due to gastroesophageal reflux. Only rarely is mega-aeroesophagus seen with other problems such as distal esophageal obstruction or acute lye burns. PMID- 7291546 TI - Late sequelae of infantile meningococcemia in growing bones of children. AB - Multiple, irregular ball-and-socket deformities at the ends of long bones were noted in four children several years after they had had meningococcemia. Even though these lesions were clinically unsuspected at the time of the fulminant disease, they were probably the result of ischemia secondary to septic emboli to the epiphyseal vessels, which occurred at the same time as soft-tissue necrosis elsewhere. The individual lesions were radiologically identical to the metaphyseal cupping that has been reported following trauma to the growth plate. PMID- 7291547 TI - Amputated calcified ovaries in children. AB - A calcified abdominal mass was an identical finding in four asymptomatic girls, ages 2 weeks to 9 years. At laparotomy the right ovary was absent, and in three patients the ipsilateral oviduct was at least partially absent. The most likely explanation is antenatal or subclinical torsion of the adnexa with subsequent amputation, necrosis, and calcification. PMID- 7291548 TI - Megalocephaly and hypodense extracerebral fluid collections. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scans were identified and reviewed for 25 pediatric patients with enlarged heads and extracerebral fluid collections that showed cerebrospinal fluid-like attenuation. Mild to moderate enlargement of the subarachnoid space over the convexity, interhemispheric fissure, and the lateral ventricles was observed in most of the cases. The CT findings are not specific, and it is not always possible to determine the nature of the extracerebral fluid, whether it lies in the subarachnoid space, the subdural space, or both. The differential diagnosis included subdural effusions, hygromas, preclinical or external hydrocephalus, hypodense subdural hematomas, megalocephaly, and possibly a normal variant. CT remains the method of choice for the initial study of these patients and for subsequent follow-up in selected cases. PMID- 7291549 TI - Gastric adenomas. AB - Thirteen gastric adenomas were found in 11 patients in a series of approximately 11,000 standard biphasic-contrast examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract (incidence 0.1%). In addition, endoscopy revealed 2 (4-mm) adenomas in one patient who had a negative radiographic examination. Eleven of the 15 adenomas had a maximum diameter that was less than or equal to 20 mm, and 7 lesions had smooth surfaces. These findings are different from those reported in previous North American and European radiological literature. Adenomas have a potential for malignant change, which was found in 4 (greater than or equal to 20 mm) irregularly surfaced lesions in 3 patients (early gastric carcinoma, type I and IIa). PMID- 7291550 TI - The importance of radiographic monitoring of endoscopic sphincterotomy. PMID- 7291551 TI - Hepatic venography in noncirrhotic idiopathic portal hypertension. Comparison with cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Free and wedged hepatic venography were carried out in 37 patients with idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) and the findings compared with those in 88 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Characteristic changes in IPH included frequent vein-to-vein anastomoses, narrower angles between large veins and their tributaries, smooth and wavy middle-sized to large branches (giving a general "weeping willow" appearance), homogeneous sinusoidal filling, and minimal to absent filling of the portal venous system on wedged retrograde portography. In cirrhosis, by contrast, changes included rare vein-to-vein anastomoses, wide angles between veins and tributaries, irregular stenoses of large veins and branches at various levels, spotty sinusoidal filling, and frequent retrograde flow in the portal venous system. Hepatic venography is helpful in differentiating IPH from cirrhosis. PMID- 7291552 TI - Conjugated sodium tyropanoate (Bilopaque) in the bowel: significance of its presence or absence after first-dose oral cholecystography. AB - Oral cholecystography following the ingestion of 4.5 g of sodium tyropanoate (Bilopaque) was performed in 1,053 patients. The radiographs of 89 patients in whom the gallbladder was either faintly visualized or nonvisualized were reviewed for the presence of conjugated contrast material in the bowel. All 89 of these patients underwent second-dose cholecystography. Oral cholecystography was found to be 100% accurate in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease when conjugated contrast media was found in the bowel in the presence of a faintly visualized or nonvisualized gallbladder. When this combination of findings is seen on the first dose examination, a second-dose examination is unnecessary. When no conjugated contrast material is seen in the bowel after a first dose, a second dose is helpful only in those patients with normal biochemical liver function tests. PMID- 7291553 TI - Percutaneous needle aspiration of hilar and mediastinal masses. AB - Needle aspiration biopsy of hilar and mediastinal masses was attempted in 100 patients and completed in 91. There were no major complications. In the group with completed biopsies, there were 83 patients with malignant neoplasms; a positive diagnosis of malignancy was established in 80 (96%). Two of the three false-negative results occurred in patients with Hodgkin disease. In all 8 patients with benign masses, the biopsy results were correct. Five of the nine incomplete biopsies occurred in patients with aortic aneurysms that simulated lung or mediastinal masses. In the other 4 patients, the needle biopsy was not completed for technical reasons. Needle biopsy can be performed in practically all areas of the mediastinum, does not require general anesthesia or hospitalization, and is well tolerated by the patient. In this series, the use of mediastinal needle biopsy made it possible to avoid surgery and mediastinoscopy in 72 patients with unresectable malignant neoplasms and 5 patients with innocuous benign mediastinal masses. Needle biopsy may be the preferred initial procedure to obtain a tissue diagnosis in patients with mediastinal masses. PMID- 7291554 TI - Unusual pattern of left lower lobe atelectasis. PMID- 7291555 TI - Hemodynamic significance of normal and abnormal fluoroscopic patterns of disc motion in the Beall mitral valve prosthesis. AB - Thirty-eight patients with a Beall mitral valve prosthesis were studied by cinefluoroscopy and cardiac catheterization to determine which characteristic of disc morphology and which patterns of disc motion predict significant valve malfunction. Eleven patients with a Beall 105/106 prosthesis served as a control group. There were two normal patterns of disc motion: (a) disc moving either entirely parallel to the suture ring or (b) disc having an intermediate nonparallel position but normal systolic and diastolic seating. Twenty-seven patients had a Beall 104 prosthesis. Fourteen of these had normal disc motion, only one showing significant mitral insufficiency. Thirteen of the 27 patients had abnormal disc motion with systolic cocking of the disc; 12 of these had significant mitral insufficiency, and all 13 showed severe disc wear at surgery. PMID- 7291556 TI - Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy of radiographically normal lymph nodes in the staging of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7291557 TI - Kummell disease: report of a case with serial radiographs. PMID- 7291558 TI - Sensitivity to Patent Blue dye during skin-prick testing and lymphography. A retrospective and prospective study. PMID- 7291559 TI - Hepatic artery-biliary fistula following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. PMID- 7291560 TI - Pulmonary pseudometastases in children with malignant tumors. PMID- 7291561 TI - Endotracheal tube orifice abutting the tracheal wall: a cause of infant airway obstruction. AB - Effects of endotracheal tube and infant head positions upon the orientation of the beveled tube orifice to the tracheal wall were studied in living infants receiving ventilatory assistance and in infant cadavers. Radiographs of infant cadavers showed that when the endotracheal tube orifice faces one direction and the infant's head faces the opposite direction, the tube orifice can abut the tracheal wall and thus obstruct the airway. This obstructive relationship was more readily produced with relatively high tube positions (above the level of T1) and/or with full neck flexion. Measurement of mean pulmonary resistance in living infants showed a position-dependent increase above the baseline of up to 487% (from 31 to 182 cm H2O/l/sec) when the tube orifice abutted the tracheal wall. The radiologist who observes the tube orifice against the tracheal wall should alert the clinician immediately so that endotracheal tube alignment can be adjusted to relieve obstruction. PMID- 7291562 TI - Occult nonskeletal trauma in the battered-child syndrome. PMID- 7291563 TI - Cranial computed tomographic appearance of chondrosarcoma of the base of the skull. PMID- 7291564 TI - Persistent embryologic vascular loop of the internal carotid, middle meningeal, and ophthalmic arteries. PMID- 7291565 TI - The 5-F catheter in cerebral angiography. PMID- 7291566 TI - Manifestations of parotid gland enlargement: radiographic, pathologic, and clinical correlations. Part I: The autoimmune pseudosialectasias. AB - Histologic, clinical, and radiographic presentations of the autoimmune salivary gland diseases are reviewed. The punctate and globular sialographic changes observed actually reflect penetration of contrast material through the uniquely diseased glandular ducts and not sialectasis, as was previously thought. "Pseudosialectasis" is suggested as a more accurate term. The progressive cavitary and destructive patterns seen on sialography appear to reflect complications of secondary infection rather than the specific pathology of these diseases. Conditions causing recurrent enlargement of the parotid gland or development of a multinodular gland include chronic sialadenitis, the sialoses, the granulomatous diseases, primary neoplasms, and metastatic tumors. Although they appear similar clinically, many of these diseases can be differentiated sialographically, and such a radiographic approach is presented. PMID- 7291567 TI - Manifestations of parotid gland enlargement: radiographic, pathologic, and clinical correlations. Part II: The diseases of Mikulicz syndrome. PMID- 7291568 TI - Differentiation of pyriform sinus cancer from supraglottic laryngeal cancer by computed tomography. AB - Nine pyriform sinus tumors and 16 supraglottic laryngeal lesions were studied by computed tomography. The pyriform sinus tumors had a much higher incidence of thyroid cartilage invasion (five of nine patients) and involved the posterolateral margins of the cartilage. Only two of 16 supraglottic tumors reached the thyroid cartilage, involving the midline or more inferior margins. The supraglottic tumors grew in a circumferential pattern, and when the pre epiglottic space was involved, extension was bilateral. Lesions of the pyriform sinus more frequently showed unilateral involvement. Lymph node metastases were seen in an approximately equal proportion of patients in the two groups, and they correlated more with the size of the primary tumor than with its site of origin. Posteroinferior invasion of the space between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage was seen only with pyriform sinus lesions. PMID- 7291569 TI - Radiological aspects of rhinoscleroma. PMID- 7291570 TI - Xeroradiography of the thyroid. AB - In a study of 726 patients, xeroradiography of the thyroid using a modified oblique projection was found to be superior to conventional soft-tissue radiography in detecting calcification in thyroid tumors because of edge enhancement. This facilitated a diagnosis of carcinoma in 75% of 68 primary tumors and 55% of 33 recurrent lesions. When other diagnostic criteria were included, the level of accuracy was 85% for primary tumors and 79% for recurrences. Examination with 131I was positive in 57 primary tumors (83%) and 4 recurrences (12%). The authors recommend routine combination of the two methods. PMID- 7291572 TI - Thickening of the celiac axis and/or superior mesenteric artery: a sign of pancreatic carcinoma on computed tomography. PMID- 7291571 TI - CT-assisted fluoroscopically guided aspiration biopsy of central hilar and mediastinal masses. AB - A protocol designed to overcome the inherent limitations of fluoroscopically guided thin-needle aspiration biopsy of central hilar and mediastinal lesions, involving addition of computed tomography to classical plain radiography and tomography, was applied prospectively for 24 months. The same protocol was applied to all referred patients regardless of the compartmental location of the lesion. Experience to date with 17 patients has yielded extremely accurate results. Representative tissue was obtained in each case, and all 11 malignant lesions were distinguished from the 6 benign ones. A lesion smaller than 1.5 cm, not visible on the lateral chest radiograph, was successfully sampled. A variety of malignant mediastinal tumors were diagnosed, as well as tuberculosis and cryptococcosis. PMID- 7291573 TI - The role of computed tomography in renal trauma. AB - Computed tomography (CT) and excretory urography were performed in 15 patients thought to have major renal trauma. In 4 cases, CT demonstrated extravasation of urine not detected by urography, and in all cases parenchymal injuries and extrarenal hematomas were depicted more accurately by CT. CT also proved to be superior to excretory urography in distinguishing relatively minor renal injuries (confusion, incomplete laceration, intrarenal hematoma, small extrarenal hematoma) from major or catastrophic injuries (complete laceration, fracture, shattered kidney), which significantly influenced the choice of surgical or medical therapy. CT also detected concurrent injuries of the spleen, liver, and/or pancreas in 4 cases. The authors feel that CT is valuable in the assessment of major renal trauma. PMID- 7291574 TI - Computed tomographic evaluation of blunt renal injuries. AB - Adequate radiologic demonstration of the extent of renal injury following blunt abdominal trauma is an important guide to therapy. Traditionally, the evaluation has been based on urographic and/or angiographic studies. This report details the results of computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of suspected renal injuries in ten patients. Renal injuries were demonstrated by CT in nine of these patients. Abnormalities demonstrated were subcapsular/perinephric hematomas, intrarenal hematomas, renal lacerations, segmental infarcts, and contrast material extravasation. This study suggests that CT is valuable in providing further definition of urographic abnormalities and in avoiding the necessity for angiography in otherwise stable patients. PMID- 7291575 TI - The normal choroid plexus: ultrasonographic appearance of the neonatal head. PMID- 7291576 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of the urinary system in spinal-cord-injury patients. PMID- 7291577 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of lymphocele formation after staging lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma. AB - A total of eight lymphoceles developed in six of 22 (27%) prospectively studied patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma. Ultrasonic characteristics in these eight and in 14 retrospectively studied lymphoceles were evaluated. A location lateral to the urinary bladder was characteristic. The anterior surface of the fluid collections was usually within 3 cm of the anterior abdominal wall. No new lymphoceles developed after the first postoperative month; only one developed after the first 10 postoperative days. Small (cross-sectional area less than 30 cm2), echofree lymphoceles were most likely to result in long term spontaneous resolution. Large (cross-sectional area greater than 30 cm2) or complex lymphoceles often resulted in complications ultimately requiring surgical intervention. PMID- 7291578 TI - The double line of skin thickening on sonograms of the breast. PMID- 7291579 TI - Radiological appearances of the xiphoid process presenting as an upper abdominal mass. AB - In three patients prominent, jointed xiphoid processes were confused with abdominal masses on clinical examination. In the first case, ultrasound showed acoustic shadowing at the site of the xiphoid extension. This was interpreted as a calcified abdominal mass prior to obtaining a lateral chest radiograph, which showed it to be a jointed extension from the normal xiphoid process. In the other two cases, the mass was recognized on ultrasound as a jointed xiphoid process. Awareness of this important normal variant can prevent unnecessary surgery. PMID- 7291580 TI - Clinical evaluation of 67Ga scanning in the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma and malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. PMID- 7291581 TI - The effect of reduced pH on the induction of thermotolerance. AB - The effect of low pH on thermotolerance induction was studied in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The thermotolerance ratio (TTR), defined as the ratio of the Do of a subsequent heat survival curve following heat challenge to the Do of the single dose heat survival curve, was found at pH 7.2 to be maximal at 3.6 seven hours following a 10-min 45 degrees initial heat dose. When heating and induction times were at pH 6.6, the TTR ws reduced to 3.1. When the pH was reduced to 6.6 only during the induction period, the TTR was even lower at 2.5. Heat sensitization at low pH was distinguishable from inhibition of thermotolerance induction. Both the heat sensitization and reduced thermotolerance induction at low pH may enhance the thermal response of tumors relative to normal tissues. PMID- 7291582 TI - Intraoperative real-time ultrasonic guidance of ventricular shunt placement in infants. PMID- 7291583 TI - Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary emboli by computed tomography in the living dog. AB - Computed tomography (CT) provides a noninvasive alternative to arteriography in detecting central pulmonary thromboembolism. It is uncertain, however, if smaller, more peripheral clots can be diagnosed by means of CT because of the low spatial resolution and the possible motion artifacts that result from long exposure time. The peripheral pulmonary arteries of five dogs were embolized with boiled autologous clots. The location and size of the thromboemboli were then determined using arteriography. One dog died after embolization. In three of the four remaining dogs, CT scans, after slow intravenous injection of contrast material, showed the emboli as filling defects in the appropriate lobar and segmental arteries. PMID- 7291584 TI - Potentiation of radiation lethality in HeLa cells by mild hyperthermia and procaine. PMID- 7291585 TI - Radiolucent handle for percutaneous puncture under continuous fluoroscopic monitoring. PMID- 7291587 TI - Evaluation of a new rare-earth screen for skeletal radiography. PMID- 7291586 TI - New technique to stage early rectal carcinoma by computed tomography. PMID- 7291588 TI - Modified afterloading cervical applicator. PMID- 7291589 TI - Transparent plastic replicas of cobalt-60 applicators for the management of choroid tumors. PMID- 7291590 TI - Educational objectives for undergraduate radiology. PMID- 7291591 TI - Prostaglandin levels in isolated brain microvessels and in normal and norepinephrine-stimulated cat brain homogenates. AB - The levels of PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6KF1 alpha) produced from endogenous arachidonic acid (AA) were quantitated in cat cerebral cortical homogenates and microvessels isolated from cat cerebral cortex using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). There was a six-fold enrichment of 6KF1 alpha levels in isolated microvessels, compared to homogenates, suggesting that 6KF1 alpha is of vascular, rather than neuronal origin. In order to further understand any possible role that norepinephrine (NE) might have on modulation of PG synthesis, we studied the effects of 0.5 mM NE on PG synthesis from endogenous AA and from 3H-PGG2, the endoperoxide precursor of PGs. In cat cortical homogenates NE induced a 74% increase in PGD2 and PGF2 alpha, a 62% increase in PGE2, and a 36% increase in 6KF1 alpha, as measured by GC/MS. NE caused a twofold increase in the conversion of 3H-PGG2 to 3H-PGF2 alpha, with a concomitant decrease in 3H-PGE2 and 3H-6KF1 alpha formation, and no change in 3H-PGD2 synthesis. NE had no effect on the total conversion of 3H-PGG2 to 3H-PGs, nor on the breakdown of 3H-PGG2 in the absence of brain tissue. We conclude that NE stimulates extravascular synthesis of PGD2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha by stimulation of the prostaglandin synthetase complex, in addition to NE's stimulatory effect on the conversion of PGG2 to PGF2 alpha, and that the lack of effect on NE on 6KF1 alpha synthesis reflects either a failure to achieve an adequate concentration at the vascular tissue, or an absence of the mechanism whereby NE stimulates PG synthetase. PMID- 7291592 TI - Transport-active renal tubular epithelial cells (MDCK and LLC-PK1) in culture. Prostaglandin biosynthesis and its regulation by peptide hormones and ionophore. PMID- 7291594 TI - The regulatory influence of prostaglandins on protein synthesis in the human non pregnant cervix. AB - Cervical connective tissue was obtained from non pregnant fertile women undergoing hysterectomy. Tissue specimens were mechanically chopped into 1 mm thick slices which were preincubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing PGE2 or PGF2 alpha (300 ng/ml). After 60 min the slices were transferred into fresh buffer with the corresponding PG-concentration and 3H labelled proline or hydroxyproline. Following incubation (60 min) the protein bound radioactivity was determined and related either to the dry weight or to the protein content of each slice. The two methods used did not show any qualitative differences. The experiments showed that PG:s had a marked effect on protein synthesis in the cervical tissue. During the follicular phase incubation with both types of PG:s was followed by a decreased incorporation indicating decreased net synthesis of collagen while there was an increased incorporation and hence increased synthesis in the luteal phase. There was no significant influence on the distribution of the model amino acid 14C-AIB in the presence of PG:s neither in the follicular nor in the luteal phase. The present data point to an acute effect of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on cervical collagen metabolism and indicate furthermore that the process is steroid hormone dependent. It is concluded that these substances may exert their effect by modulating the incorporation of amino acids into protein. PMID- 7291593 TI - Blunted pulmonary pressor responses to hypoxia in blood perfused, ventilated lungs isolated from oxygen toxic rats: possible role of prostaglandins. AB - To determine the effects of high oxygen (O2) tension on pulmonary vascular reactivity, we exposed rats either to 100% O2 for 48 hours or 40% O2 for 3 to 5 weeks. Lungs from all rats were isolated, blood perfused and ventilated, and pressor responses to airway hypoxia and to infused angiotensin II were measured. We found that chronic subtoxic hyperoxia did not augment subsequent hypoxic vasoconstriction, and that 48 hrs of 100% O2 markedly blunted hypoxic vasoconstriction. Meclofenamate restored hypoxic vasoconstriction to control levels in the lungs with blunted responses. Evidence for O2 toxicity in the lungs exposed to 100% O2 included interstitial swelling with alveolar exudates seen by light microscopy, and lung edema by water content calculations. We conclude that 1) chronic subtoxic hyperoxia does not influence subsequent hypoxic vasoconstriction, and 2) a dilator prostaglandin produced in the lung is a potent inhibitor of hypoxic vasoconstriction in O2 toxic lungs. PMID- 7291595 TI - Relationship between timing of ovariectomy and maintenance of pregnancy in the guinea-pig. AB - The effect of ovariectomy (OVX) and OVX + progesterone (P) treatment on the regulatory profile and uterine function of the guinea-pig are described. Before day 23 of gestation in the intact pregnant guinea-pig, the placental contribution to P-content is small in comparison with the increasing ovarian contribution. After day 30, the ovarian P-content starts to decrease and the placental P content exceeds the ovarian contribution, indicating the "luteo-placental shift" (LPS) in P-biosynthesis. Thus, when 14 guinea-pigs were ovariectomized around day 21 of gestation all started aborting within 53 hours of OVX. A gradual increase in intrauterine pressure (IUP), a decrease in P-levels in heart and uterine vein plasma and in the uterine and placental tissues and an increase in the levels of PGF in uterine vein plasma and uterine tissue were observed in these animals. However, if the OVX was delayed until after day 30 of gestation, to examine the biological consequences of advanced LPS in P-biosynthesis, there was no increase in IUP and the animals did not abort in the next 5 days. Furthermore, P-therapy following OVX in the day 21 pregnant guinea-pigs prevented the increase in IUP and the animals did not abort. These observations establish for the guinea-pig a correlation between the success in pregnancy maintenance and the degree of the LPS in P-biosynthesis. These studies therefore emphasize the indispensable role of progesterone in pregnancy maintenance. PMID- 7291596 TI - Uterine stimulant action of some omega-chain modified (+)-11-deoxyprostaglandins. AB - Rat uterine stimulant activity has been determined in vivo for a series of (+)-11 deoxyprostaglandins. The most active members of the series. 11-deoxy-15 methyl PGE1, 11-deoxy-16,16-dimethyl - PGE1 and its 1-alcohol were 2-3 times more potent than PGE1. Gastrointestinal side effects assessed by the antagonism of morphine induced constipation in the mouse, were generally relatively low with these compounds and consequently several members of the series had a more favourable relative selectivity than 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 methyl ester. PMID- 7291598 TI - [The unconscious and the emotions]. PMID- 7291597 TI - Synthesis and anti-ulcer activity of 16-phenoxy analogues of (+)-11 deoxyprostaglandin E1. PMID- 7291599 TI - [Communication, language, translation]. PMID- 7291600 TI - [What is an interpretation?]. PMID- 7291601 TI - [Self image and confinement in hitlerite concentration camps. Theoretical and methodological problems]. PMID- 7291602 TI - [Spiritual experiences of a prisoner]. PMID- 7291604 TI - [Letters written to the "Przeglad Lekarski" ("Medical Review") on the subject of Auschwitz (III)]. PMID- 7291603 TI - [Facing death at the Birkenau and Ravensbrueck concentration camps]. PMID- 7291605 TI - ["Medical Review" issues dealing with Auschwitz]. PMID- 7291607 TI - Fallout 239Pu, 240Pu and 90Sr in surface-air in Ibaraki-Prefecture, Japan. AB - Measurements of 239, 240Pu and 90Sr were performed on air-dust samples collected by means of filtration with cellulose-asbestos filter at Ibaraki prefecture, Japan during 1974 to 1979. The ranges of 239, 240Pu and 90Sr content determined in these samples are 0.041-1.9 microBq/m3-air (1.1-52 aCi/m3-) and 2.3 87 microBq/m3-air (0.062-2.3 fCi/m3) respectively. The activity ratios of 239, 240Pu/90Sr are found to be in a range between 0.008 to 0.026 with a mean value of 0.017. General trend on time variation of the content of 239, 240Pu and 90Sr in the surface air was in similar pattern each other. The content of these nuclides increased after the Chinese nuclear test explosions, and also in spring seasons with the exception of a few cases. PMID- 7291606 TI - [A psychiatrist's remarks on the so-called concentration camp syndrome]. PMID- 7291609 TI - [Possibility of thermoluminescence dating of pottery and porcelain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291608 TI - [Measurement of radon in air by alpha track method. -Enhancement of detection sensitivity using lamp (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291610 TI - [Fundamental study of Tetra bead-125 Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291611 TI - [A fundamental and clinical evaluation of RIA-gnost TSH Kit (Bottle Type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291612 TI - [Approximation formulas on buildup factors as a function of the effective atomic number, gamma-ray energy and relaxation length (author's transl)]. AB - Approximation formulas on energy, dose and energy absorption buildup factors were constructed to facilitate the computation of the values in a material irradiated with a point isotropic gamma-ray source. The approximation formulas were expressed as a function of the effective atomic number (Z), gamma-ray energy (E) and relaxation length in mean free path (micror), with 15 or 17 coefficients. The approximate values were compared with the buildup factors reported by Goldstein and Wilkins in the range of Z, E and micror adopted for gamma-ray irradiator design, that is in 7.42 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 26, 0.5 less than or equal to E (MeV) less than or equal to 4 and 0 less than or equal to micror less than or equal to 10. It was shown that the maximum relative errors of the approximation formulas are +/- 5.2%, +/- 4.3% and +/- 3.5% for energy, dose and energy absorption buildup factor, respectively. PMID- 7291613 TI - [Development of scintillators for alpha- and beta-rays -comparison of relative luminescence of scintillation and photoluminescence of various phosphors (author's transl)]. AB - Relative scintillation efficiencies of various phosphors such as ZnS, ZnCdS and Zn2SiO4 under excitation by alpha-rays from 210Po, beta-rays from 90Sr-90Y were compared with those excited by 365 nm (3650A) UV light. The influence on the structure, mixture rate, firing atmosphere and firing temperature of phosphors on the efficiency were noted. THe results were as follows: (1) ZnS type phosphors generally showed the highest efficiencies under all types of excitation examined. (2) Among ZnS: Cu type phosphors, the specimen fired at 1100 degree C was the most efficient under the three types of excitation. (3) A highly efficient phosphor in photoluminescence was not always efficient in scintillation. (4) The addition of a flux was generally effective for scintillation as for photoluminescence. (5) The phosphors fired in H2S showed a lower efficiency than those fired in air on N2 in both scintillation and photoluminescence. PMID- 7291614 TI - [Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by 133Xe inhalation method experimental system and its evaluation of data analysis by simulation study (author's transl)]. AB - Noninvasive measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by 133Xe inhalation and simulation studies of the errors in analyzing 133Xe clearance curves were reported. Our system was based on Obrist's 10 minutes desaturation method after 1 minute inhalation of 185 approximately 222 MBq (5 approximately 6 mCi)/l of 133Xe gas mixed in the air. Clearance curves were simultaneously measured at six location in each hemisphere. End-tidal 133Xe curve used for correction of recirculation was generated from respired air curve. Values for rCBF were calculated by two compartment analysis of the head curves. We evaluated the experimental errors with computer simulation studies. The synthetic head curves were generated with a three compartmental model representing the fast and slow component in the brain and the extracerebral component. The arterial input function used was the end-tidal curves of a typical control subject. The results of computer simulation studies were obtained as follows: F1 that is the flow of the fast compartment in brain and adequate reliability; statistical errors for normal value of F1 (80 ml/100 g/min) were 5% at 30 kcpm; the optimum end point of curve-fitting was 10 approximately 11 minutes after 1 minute inhalation of 133Xe gas; the error due to remaining activities of repreceding study was 3% at the interval of 25 minutes between inhalation. PMID- 7291615 TI - [Activity determination of filter sample with liquid scintillation measurement (author's transl)]. AB - The technique for solubilization of various filter samples into a liquid scintillator has been established to overwhelm the inherent shortcomings of a disc counting technique. Conventional liquid scintillation measurement methods that employ the quenching correction methods can be adopted to the homogeneously dispersed filter samples, which consequently enable the activity of the filter samples to be determined. This technique involves a resolution of the last problem in a sample preparation technique. PMID- 7291616 TI - [Absorption, distribution and excretion of 14C-putrescine in mice (author's transl)]. AB - In order to know in detail the distribution, absorption and excretion of putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane), after a single subcutaneous injection of 14C putrescine (carrier free) in mice, localization of radioactivity in various tissues was followed by whole-body autoradiography and changes in radioactivity levels in blood, various tissues, expiration, urine and feces were examined. During 6 hours after injection, 22.5 +/- 3.2% of radioactivity was excreted in the urine, and after that the percentage excretion increased only slightly. The percentage of fecal excretion was small, being 2.7 +/- 0.2% during 5 days after injection. A considerable amount of putrescine was rapidly degraded to 14CO2; during 2 hours 34.4 +/- 4.9% of radioactivity was expired as 14CO2. In the studies on distribution in the tissues, at 10 minutes after injection, the highest radioactivity per g wet tissue was found in the kidney, but the radioactivity decreased rapidly. At 10 minutes after injection, the next highest distribution was found in the intestine. The high radioactivity in the intestine was detected also at 1 hour and 24 hours. The radioactivity in the pancreas was highest at 1 hour and 24 hours. A high radioactivity was also detected in the bone marrow by autoradiography. Therefore, the present study suggest that the accumulation of putrescine in mice take place mainly in the pancreas, bone marrow, intestine and liver. PMID- 7291617 TI - Synthesis of gamma-oryzanol (triterpenyl esters of ferulic acid)-14C. PMID- 7291618 TI - Determination of 129I in seaweeds by neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7291619 TI - Detection of 129I in some environmental samples. PMID- 7291620 TI - [The balance of radioactive materials in a sludge incineration facility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291621 TI - [A fundamental and clinical evaluation of RIA-gnost TSH Kit (predispensed type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291622 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for serum digoxin by SPAC Digoxin Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291623 TI - [Thermal neutron radiography using a 252Cf isotopic neutron source (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291624 TI - [Actual state survey of the use of radioisotope instruments in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291625 TI - Time characteristics of a multi-wire 4 pi beta-counter. AB - In order to examine the time characteristics of a multi-wire 4 pi beta-counter for the 4 pi beta-gamma coincidence system, measurement was made on the time distributions of the pulses from the individual anodes. The time distribution obtained by each anode was explained mainly by the distribution of primary ionizing position. A similar time distribution was obtained in the case that the alternating wires cathodes, when the individual anodes had the same effective detection region. Spurious pulses were observed in 90% argon plus 10% methane mixture at the end voltage of the plateau region and not methane gas. PMID- 7291626 TI - [An automatic dew-point hygrometer making use of beta-ray backscattering (author's transl)]. AB - A proportional control system was employed on this hygrometer. The hygrometer was used in a box in which the temperature and the humidity were constantly regulated. The range of measured dew-point was from -26 degrees C to 60 degrees C in the atmospheric temperature of 0 degree C to 60 degrees C, that was the relative humidity of 12% to 100%, and the accuracy of the measurement was +/- 1 degree C. PMID- 7291627 TI - Paper chromatographic behavior of tetranitronitrosylruthenate and its decomposition products. AB - The paper chromatographic behavior of tetranitronitrosylruthenate was examined together with its decomposition products. First, Rf values at various eluting conditions were studied with five kinds of papers, since there was a discrepancy among the reported Rf values. Usually Rf of 0.9 was obtained by the recommended procedure of Wain, et al. Second, stability of the tetranitronitrosylruthenate in water was followed by paper chromatography. No change was found until 200 days passed. Third, the tetranitronitrosylruthenate was warmed in acid, and its decomposition products were studied through the paper chromatography. The paper chromatographic behavior showed that the sample kept in water more than 200 days seemed to contain a dinitro complex, and the sample warmed in acid seemed to be decomposed to a mononitro complex or further. PMID- 7291628 TI - Neutron activation analysis of nickel purified by floating zone-refining and anion exchange. AB - Nondestructive neutron activation analysis was performed on the nickel purified by floating zone-refining and anion exchange. It is found that floating zone refining in vacuum is effective to remove Na, Sc, Cr, Zn, As, Ag, Sb and Hg through vaporization in addition to elimination of Se, Sb, Ta, Sm and Tb through segregation. Anion exchange method is also effective to separate Fe, Co, Zn, Mo, Hg, Th and U usually contained in the commercial nickel sources. It is concluded that combination of these two purification methods is required to obtain high purity nickel, since floating zone-refining is known ineffective to eliminate Fe and Co, main impurities in commercial nickel sources. PMID- 7291630 TI - [The waste treatment of radioactive emulsion scintillator--powderization of the evaporated residue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291629 TI - Effect of heavy water on the first-leaf growth of barley. PMID- 7291631 TI - [The fundamental studies of Tri-Tab RIA Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291632 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of new TSH-RIA Kit "Thyro-SHure" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291633 TI - [The fundamental studies of Thyro-Shure Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291634 TI - [Nitrogen balance and protein requirements in pre-term infants]. PMID- 7291635 TI - [Pulmonary atelectasis in the infant]. PMID- 7291636 TI - [Neuromuscular bucco-facial changes]. PMID- 7291637 TI - [Preventive use of fenoterol in juvenile bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7291638 TI - [Therapeutic trial with levamisole in recurring obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 7291639 TI - [The abused child Epidemiological, clinical and juridico-social considerations]. PMID- 7291640 TI - [Epidemiologic aspect of diphtheria in Valdivia pediatric population 1975-1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291641 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations by maternal echography]. PMID- 7291642 TI - [Vaccines of scheduled use in Chile]. PMID- 7291643 TI - [Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus balance and the effect of vitamin D in low birth weight infants]. PMID- 7291644 TI - [Metastatic fat necrosis of pancreatic origin and Weber-Christian disease]. PMID- 7291645 TI - [Functional aspects in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 7291646 TI - [Bacterial meningitis. Presentation of 42 cases]. PMID- 7291647 TI - [Brucellosis. Study based on a series of 18 patients]. PMID- 7291648 TI - [Swyer-James syndrome (hyperlucent lung). Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7291649 TI - [Pheochromocytoma in a child. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7291650 TI - [Bladder pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 7291651 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum following mechanical ventilation]. PMID- 7291653 TI - Studies on the coccidial species of livestock in Nigeria. I. - Preliminary observation on the prevalence of Eimeria species among a static herd of N'dama cattle. PMID- 7291652 TI - [Diagnosis of renal polycystic disease. A repeated error]. PMID- 7291654 TI - The grey-breasted helmet guineafowl (Numida meleagridis galeata), a new host for Amyrsidea powelli (Bedford 1920) and Cuclotogaster occidentalis (Tendeiro 1954). PMID- 7291655 TI - [Seasonal variations in the parasitic activity of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acari, Ixodidae), in New Caledonia]. PMID- 7291656 TI - [Comparisons of the productivity of various systems of natural pasture management in the Adamawa (Cameroon) during the rainy season]. PMID- 7291657 TI - [Auriculoventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders in acute myocardial infarct. Prognostic significance and therapeutic implications]. PMID- 7291658 TI - [Methodology of exercise tests in the 1st month of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7291659 TI - [Prospective study of angiographic findings in myocardial infarction. Its effect on the appearance of new coronary accidents]. PMID- 7291660 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7291661 TI - [Esophageal electrocardiography and myocardial infarct of the strictly posterior surface]. PMID- 7291662 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis on the natural valve. Surgical treatment in the active phase]. PMID- 7291663 TI - [Visualization of the pulmonary arteries by means of transseptal puncture]. PMID- 7291664 TI - [Dilatation of coronary stenosis by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 7291665 TI - [Hemodynamic chaos]. PMID- 7291666 TI - [Current status (1979) of hemodynamics in Spain]. PMID- 7291667 TI - [Effects of changing the venous and arterial pH on hepatic circulatory autoregulation]. PMID- 7291668 TI - [Prevention of sepsis/septic shock in surgery of the digestive system]. PMID- 7291669 TI - [Current aspects of sepsis of abdominal origin. I. Etiopathogenesis and diagnosis]. PMID- 7291670 TI - [Current aspects of sepsis of abdominal origin. II. Prevention and treatment]. PMID- 7291671 TI - [Echographic evaluation of abdominal masses of gastrointestinal origin]. PMID- 7291672 TI - [Rare presenting manifestations of colorectal carcinoma: bone and brain metastasis]. PMID- 7291673 TI - [Barrett's esophagus and primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 7291674 TI - [Replacement of the choledochus by a silicon prosthesis (experimental study)]. PMID- 7291675 TI - [Hepatic and bile duct hydatidosis]. PMID- 7291676 TI - [Chronic active asymptomatic hepatitis in 1980: more questions than answers]. PMID- 7291677 TI - [Correlation between the study of gastric secretion and the levels of blood gastrin in duodenal ulcer patients]. PMID- 7291678 TI - [Diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni]. PMID- 7291679 TI - [Spontaneous hepatic rupture]. PMID- 7291680 TI - [Isolated pancreatic lesions in closed abdominal trauma. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 7291681 TI - [Hepatic resections. Part 2]. PMID- 7291682 TI - [Gas exchange and ventilation-perfusion ratio]. PMID- 7291683 TI - [Effects of voluntary ventilation predominantly thoracic or diaphragmatic on chronic obstructive bronchopathies]. PMID- 7291684 TI - [Relationship between gas diffusion and alveolar ventilation]. PMID- 7291685 TI - [Physiopathology of ventilation/perfusion ratios]. PMID- 7291686 TI - [Determination of the distribution of regional pulmonary ventilation perfusion ratios using the isotope method]. PMID- 7291687 TI - [Physiopathology of airway disorders]. PMID- 7291688 TI - [The place of VA/Q effects on variations of PaCO2 in acute respiratory failure of chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7291690 TI - [Action of almitrine on chemoreflex control of ventilation in healthy subjects and chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7291689 TI - [Pulmonary circulation and gas exchanges during acute respiratory distress syndrome in the adult]. PMID- 7291691 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of almitrine]. PMID- 7291692 TI - [Effects of almitrine in asphyxial attack in chronic respiratory insufficiency managed with artificial ventilation]. PMID- 7291695 TI - [Experience in teaching an experimental discipline (biology) in medical school. Big problems and little suggestions]. PMID- 7291694 TI - [Importance of almitrine in the management of post-anesthetic hypoventilation]. PMID- 7291693 TI - [Effects of almitrine on isotope distribution in ventilation and regional perfusion in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 7291696 TI - [Quality control systems and medical context of laboratories]. PMID- 7291697 TI - [Antibiotic therapy in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7291698 TI - [Hypercupremia in neoplasms]. PMID- 7291699 TI - [Therapy of urinary tract infections in the elderly]. PMID- 7291700 TI - [Epidemiological methods and clinical experimentation]. PMID- 7291701 TI - [Interstitial nephritis caused by drugs]. PMID- 7291702 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis and ineffective erythropoesis]. PMID- 7291703 TI - [Sports for health of women. A physiological performance and sociological study]. PMID- 7291704 TI - [Rehabilitation through social communities. Continuing the contribution to Die Rehabilitation 15 (1976) 207-216 (author's transl)]. AB - The author holds the following theses: Rehabilitation is characterised by stigmatisation and isolation rather than by a holistic approach aimed at achieving partnership and through their own life performance, as a rule give an example of a social community: there are no marginal groups, unless the individual and his or her family conceive themselves as outsiders or marginal groups, and choose this situation as outsiders or marginal groups. and choose this situation to continue. What is desirable, however, is that joint efforts be made towards partnership. The route to reaching this aim --implies new standards in the sense of a higher degree of scientific orientation; --utilises life as a vehicle of cognition, and as an experimental activity undertaken by the cognizing individual; --is being put to the test of reality in the examples for integrated group cooperation within "workplace families", conceived as the basis for the development of "neighbourhood families", local groupings and so on in close interrelation with existing facilities and services. PMID- 7291705 TI - [The tasks of a rehabilitation psychology in teaching, services, and research (author's transl)]. AB - The first Chair of rehabilitation psychology established in the Federal Republic of Germany was started at the Institute of Psychology of Freiburg University in the 1979/1980 winter semester. On the basis of the conviction that interdisciplinarity constitutes a fundamental requirement for work and research in the rehabilitation field, the author discusses the tasks of rehabilitation psychology, and its relationship with medical and vocational rehabilitation. The working conditions faced by psychologists in the rehabilitation facilities as well as the preparation they hitherto used to receive during their studies for work in the rehabilitation field, are criticised. The curriculum developed in Freiburg for "rehabilitation psychology", as one of the fields of applied psychology included the studies for a university degree in psychology, is explained. Further, the new department's service delivery functions and intended research are presented. PMID- 7291706 TI - [Psychological-psychotherapy work with myocardial infarction patients in a rehabilitation clinic (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the assumption that myocardial infarction constitutes a multi-factorial psychosomatic-somatopsychic event, the author discusses the following psychotherapeutic objectives in working with myocardial infarction patients in a rehabilitation clinic: --treatment of hospitalisation symptoms --information on and awareness of risk factors --coping with the event --development of modified lifestyles. PMID- 7291707 TI - [Influences of health resort rehabilitation and psychotherapy on the self-concept of patients (author's transl)]. AB - Which effects of rehabilitative/preventive treatment and psychotherapy during health resort rehabilitation procedures can be demonstrated in self-concept of patients? Are the effects of preventive/rehabilitative treatment sufficient to stabilise psychologically impaired patients? Both at the beginning and at the end of health resort rehabilitation, 123 non-selected patients without psychotherapy, and 76 psychologically impaired patients who had received an average 7.5 hours of psychotherapeutic care, answered the Giessen test. Significant differences in initial and retest values are interpreted as effects of the rehabilitative/preventive treatment, and as combined treatment plus psychotherapy effects. In order to obtain those effects that are attributable solely to psychotherapy, 29 persons showing equivalent values had been selected from each of the main sample populations, and comprised in two parallel samples. 1. Reduced depressiveness and an increase in positive social responsiveness are interpretable as effects of the treatment, with initial values having however been relatively inconspicious. 2. Psychotherapy patients are more compulsive, considerably more depressive, as well as more withdrawn and reduced in social potential than the other patients. The combined effect of treatment and psychotherapy achieved a marked decrease in depressiveness and compulsive behaviour, with positive social responsiveness and social potential increasing. 3. These same effects are present in the control group, and therefore are shown to be attributable to psychotherapy, not to the rehabilitative/preventive treatment received. If the psychologically impaired patients are left without psychotherapeutic care, depressiveness and compulsive behavior will on the whole persist. They continue to feel rejected and despised, and remain unable to use the social opportunities available during health resort rehabilitation procedures. Their social potential does not increase. PMID- 7291708 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation of heart patients. An analysis of "vocational rehabilitation cases" closed by the federal employment institute (author's transl)]. AB - The number of heart/circulatory disease rehabilitation cases closed annually by the Federal Employment Institute has remained almost the same over the 1972-1978 period. In 1978 the national total of closed heart/circulatory disease cases amounted to 6,325, with 945 of the clients having attended vocational rehabilitation measures/courses. Some 25 percent of the cases are classified as "condition following myocardial infarction"; in male clients, this applies to about one third. Compared to the number of male clients, women are strongly under represented in vocational rehabilitation of heart/circulatory disease patients. In relation to the structure of the gainfully employed population total, the frequency of vocational rehabilitation measures on heart/circulatory disease diagnoses varies strongly among the individual Laender employment office districts. Considerable differences are apparent when the age structure of heart/circulatory disease rehabilitation cases is compared with that of any other disability group. In case of the first, the number of cases increases with age, while the trend is the very opposite in the latter case. This fact shows that vocational rehabilitation measures for heart/circulatory disease patients need come up to special conditions, and that they have to be determined on different criteria. The rate of integrational solutions considered a positive outcome is considerably lower for heart/coronary disease rehabilitees than for the total of rehabilitees. The participation in vocational rehabilitation programmes of 14.9 percent equally is considerably lower than the corresponding percentage of the total number of rehabilitation cases (26.2 percent). PMID- 7291710 TI - Relationship between working environment, self-concept, real-ideal self discrepancy, and functionality in physical education teachers. PMID- 7291709 TI - Race and gender differences in children's socialization into sport. PMID- 7291711 TI - Response time comparisons among four base running starting techniques in slow pitch softball. PMID- 7291712 TI - A probabilistic model for evaluation of volleyball scoring systems. PMID- 7291713 TI - The effect of two levels of muscular work on urinary creatinine excretion. PMID- 7291714 TI - A psychophysiological assessment of elite wrestlers. PMID- 7291715 TI - Reaction time and anticipation time: effects of development. PMID- 7291716 TI - Memory for preselected and constrained short movements. PMID- 7291717 TI - A nomogram for the estimate of percent body fat from generalized equations. PMID- 7291718 TI - Competition between serum albumin and soluble fraction of liver for binding of warfarin and other drugs. AB - The binding of Warfarin by human serum albumin (HSA) and subcellular fractions from rat liver was investigated to evaluate the roles of such interactions in the pharmacokinetic properties of the anticoagulant. In vitro intracellular distribution studies showed that Warfarin was bound primarily by the soluble fraction of rat liver. Equilibrium dialysis studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that the hepatic extraction of Warfarin and drug interactions between Warfarin and other drugs involved competition between albumin and the soluble fraction of liver. A three compartment dialysis cell was designed and constructed for such studies. Three types of competitive binding interactions were identified. Iopanoic acid displaced Warfarin from HSA resulting in increased Warfarin in the protein-free compartment and in the compartment containing the soluble fraction. On the other hand, tolbutamide displaced Warfarin from HSA to the liver soluble fraction with relatively little effect on unbound anticoagulant. Sulfinpyrazone produced a third type of interaction characterized by displacement of Warfarin from HSA with an increase in the concentration of unbound drug. It was concluded that competitive binding between albumin and soluble liver proteins, is important in the hepatic uptake of Warfarin. The three compartment dialysis cells may be useful to simulate the distribution of drugs and drug combinations between non-dialyzable macromolecules. PMID- 7291720 TI - Reaction of trichloromethyl free radicals with deoxyribonucleic acid bases. AB - Trichloromethyl free radicals from CCl4, chemically produced by benzoyl peroxide catalysis, interact with the four DNA bases. More than one product is produced with each base and adenine and guanine are the ones which react more intensively. PMID- 7291719 TI - Phosphorus and divalent cations in dog, rabbit, and human platelet dense bodies as deduced from electron microprobe studies of air-dried whole mounts. AB - Dense bodies have been examined by electron microprobe techniques in air-dried whole mounts of dog, rabbit, and human platelets. On the basis of measurement of the intensities of the X-rays produced when dense bodies are probed for 100 seconds, dog and rabbit platelet dense bodies contain on the average less phosphorus and calcium, but more magnesium, than do human platelet dense bodies. Dense bodies of dog and rabbit platelets thus appear to resemble more closely those of pig platelets than those of human platelets. PMID- 7291721 TI - Antistreptococcal cell membrane antisera and the antigenicity of glomerular basement membrane. AB - Antigenic cross-reactivity between mouse or human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and group A type 12 beta-hemolytic streptococcal cell membranes (SCM) was evaluated by immunofluorescent techniques. Neonatal tissue proved to be more reactive than adult tissue with anti-SCM and anti-GBM antisera whose specificity was toward protein epitopes. Removal of carbohydrate moieties by enzymes (CHOase), converted adult tissue antigenicity to that of the neonate. Partial removal of some CHO, especially sialic acid, gave a partial enhancement of antigenicity. Contrariwise, antisera directed toward CHO epitopes while showing some reactivity in adult tissue gave variable results in the neonatal or young tissue. Anti-CHO sera of SCM were negative while anti-CHO sera of GBM immunogens did react slightly. None of the antisera used in these studies gave positive reactivity to heart, lung or liver tissue from any mice. PMID- 7291723 TI - Influence of posture on serum potassium changes during standard glucose tolerance test. AB - Serum potassium (SK) decreased in a significantly greater extent (p less than 0.005) in the recumbent (0.91 +/- 0.11 mmol/L) than in the upright position (0.57 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) in the course of the standard glucose tolerance test (StGTT) in 12 normal people. The clinical implications with special respect to "paradoxical hyperkalemia" are discussed. PMID- 7291724 TI - Interaction between selenium and phenobarbital on drug response and hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in the male rat. AB - Pretreatment of male rats with phenobarbital markedly depressed the duration of pentobarbital hypnosis and stimulated the hepatic microsomal metabolism of ethylmorphine and aniline. Following selenium treatment there was a prolongation of pentobarbital hypnosis and an inhibition of metabolism of ethylmorphine with no effect on that of aniline. When phenobarbital and selenium were administered simultaneously, the opposing effects on the duration of pentobarbital hypnosis cancelled each other. With respect of hepatic metabolism, differential effects were observed with the inhibitory effect elicited by selenium on ethylmorphine metabolism being prevented by phenobarbital. However, selenium enhanced the stimulatory effect elicited by phenobarbital on aniline metabolism. PMID- 7291722 TI - Fetal animal and human intraocular fluids: unique glycolytic enzyme levels of the embryonal aqueous and significance in retinoblastoma. PMID- 7291726 TI - Protection by alpha-tocopherol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) against adriamycin induced skin ulcers in the rat. AB - Extravasation of adriamycin during intravenous infusion to cancer patients can cause serious local complications. Topical application of 1 ml 10% alpha tocopherol succinate in DMSO for 2 or 7 days produced up to a 71% decrease in the diameter of skin ulcers produced by intradermal adriamycin in the rat. A combination of alpha-tocopherol and DMSO might be useful for protecting humans against accidentally extravasated adriamycin. PMID- 7291725 TI - Antitumor activity of tilorone hydrochloride on a transplantable rat adenocarcinoma. AB - Tilorone HCL, administered in drinking water, retarded and slowed significantly the growth of the transplantable R3230 AC rat adenocarcinoma in Fischer 344 rats. This effect is dose-related; from the average three dosage levels studied, daily intake of 30 mg/kg rat/day was found to be optimal. However, Stadie slices of tumors from Tilorone-treated animals when transplanted, took, and showed a growth curve similar to tumors from untreated rats. Exposure to Tilorone does not select tumor cell clones of lesser malignancy or different histopathology. PMID- 7291727 TI - Arterial-venous plasma concentration differences of six drugs in the dog and rabbit after intravenous administration. AB - The arterial blood from the femoral artery and venous blood from the femoral vein wee simultaneously collected following intravenous administration of propranolol, lidocaine, procainamide, furosemide, theophylline and griseofulvin to dogs or rabbits. The preliminary results of arterial-venous (A-V) plasma concentration profiles are reported in this communication. The maximum A/V ratios shortly after a rapid intravenous bolus dose were 277-, 15-, 34-, 33-, 5.4- and 3240-fold, respectively, for the above six drugs. The venous plasma levels were higher than arterial plasma levels during parallel terminal phase by as much as 104, 48, 134, 29, 16, and 47%, respectively, for the above six drugs. These data suggest a very rapid and extensive uptake of the drugs by the sampling tissues (the leg) shortly after dosing. The potential significance of A-V differences in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are briefly discussed. PMID- 7291728 TI - Fetal hepatic function: the disposition of propranolol in the pregnant sheep. AB - The placental transfer, and maternal and fetal disposition, of the beta adrenoreceptor blocking drug propranolol were studied in the pregnant sheep near term. In separate studies, propranolol (1 mg/kg) was administered peripherally or into the portal vein as an i.v. bolus, to either mother or fetus. Both mother and fetus were provided with vascular and bile duct cannulae, enabling plasma concentrations and biliary excretion of the drug to be measured over 6 hours. Placental transfer of propranolol was rapid and bidirectional. Comparison of the systemic blood levels obtained after peripheral and portal dosage indicated that hepatic extraction was much more efficient in the adult. This was supported by an apparent/true biliary clearance ratio of approximately 20 in the adult, and only 2-3 in the fetus. These studies show that the fetus near term is exposed to propranolol administered to the mother at a time when its ability to clear the drug is not fully developed. PMID- 7291729 TI - Effect of suramin on the activities of degradative enzymes of sphingolipids in rats. AB - Three to nine days after administration of suramin, 500 mg/kg intravenously in rats, a small amount of the drug (about 0.25 micromoles/g tissue) was retained by the liver and spleen, and a larger amount (about 1.2 micromoles/g tissue) was retained by the kidneys. The activities of the sphingolipid hydrolases beta hexosaminidase and GM3-sialidase were strongly inhibited by suramin in vitro. The activity of beta-hexosaminidase was inhibited 70% by 10(-5M) and 85% by 10(-4M) suramin, and the activity of GM3-sialidase was inhibited 80% by 10(-4M) suramin. The activities of sphingomyelinase and beta-galactosidase were also inhibited by suramin but at higher concentrations of the drug. Suramin, in vitro is a weak inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase, galactocerebrosidase, alpha-galactosidase and arylsulfatase A (less than 50% inhibition at 10(-3M) concentration of the drug). The inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase by suramin was non-competitive. Inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase and GM3-sialidase may explain the accumulation of GM2 and GM3 gangliosides in the brains of rats treated intracerebrally with suramin (Constantopoulos et al, 1980). PMID- 7291730 TI - Fatty acid content and composition of phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum in developing rat liver. AB - The development of enzyme functions of the endoplasmic reticulum in the neonatal rat liver is associated with the formation of membrane-bound phospholipids. This study examined the distribution of fatty acid moieties in isolated endoplasmic reticulum membranes of liver after birth and postnatal development. The content of microsomal phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine was raised throughout the postnatal to the adult animal. Acyl components were also increased, especially unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Conversely, saturated components were reduced during maturation, such as palmitic and stearic acids. This work demonstrated that the ontogenesis of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum correlated with the selectively increased production of discrete phospholipid moieties containing greater amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, during development, phospholipids are not only required for structural membrane assembly but also display a determining role in the organization of enzyme activity for xenobiotic biotransformation. PMID- 7291731 TI - Decompression sickness: a medical emergency. PMID- 7291732 TI - The effect of phenethylhydrazine on plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue amino acid distribution in guinea pigs. PMID- 7291733 TI - Biochemical and rheological parameters in acute-on-chronic respiratory failure. PMID- 7291734 TI - Investigation of the possibilities of cardiac defibrillation by ultrasound. AB - In 15 experiments on dogs ultrasound with a frequency of 500 kHz and an intensity of 10 W/cm2, exerted a defibrillatory and antiarrhythmic effect and stopped ventricular fibrillation in 28% of the animals. Electrophysiological studies on isolated right ventricles of rabbits in oxygenated chambers demonstrated that the antiarrhythmic action of the ultrasound acted by prolonging the refractory period of the myocardial cells. Ultrasound with an intensity of 4 W/cm2 and 30 s duration increased the refractory period up to 37%. Any further increase of intensity and duration of the ultrasound action resulted in a shortening of the refractory period and inhibition of the electrical activity of the myocardial cells. Investigations of the harmful effects of ultrasound with a frequency of 500 kHz and an intensity of 10 W/cm2 showed that ultrasound for up to 2 min did not cause evident histological changes. PMID- 7291736 TI - [Specificity of organ vessel responses to catecholamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291735 TI - The effect of hypoxia on the metabolism of labeled glucose and acetate in the rat brain. AB - Glucose consumption and utilization of amino acids, lipids and proteins was measured in the rat brain under normoxia and hypoxia (7%O2:93%N2). After 2 h of hypoxia the brain glucose consumption increased by over 60% of control value. In spite of this increase, the radioactivity of amino acid fraction did not increase or parallel changes of glucose radioactivity in the blood. This strongly suggested that glucose flux into amino acids remained unchanged in hypoxia. Incorporation of 14C from glucose into macromolecules was found to decrease. The above changes demonstrated that the metabolic steps which precede synthesis of amino and tricarboxylic acids were inhibited. In some experiments, the incorporation of 14C from [2-14C]-acetate into a macromolecular fraction was also measured. The amounts of radioactivity found in these fractions were unchanged under hypoxic conditions. Possible differences in the influence of hypoxia on macromolecular synthesis in different metabolic compartments of the brain are discussed. PMID- 7291737 TI - [Effects of temperature changes on catecholamine-induced responses of the isolated dog atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291738 TI - [The effect of ouabain on the automaticity of the A-V junctional area with reference to sympathetic nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291739 TI - [Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation, intracoronary infused catecholamine, and atrial pacing to the cardiac function, cardiac metabolism and artero-coronary sinus difference of catecholamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291740 TI - [Alterations in the sympathetic nervous activity during vasodilator therapy by nitroprusside and prazosin in patients with congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291741 TI - [Age differences in hemodynamical responses to noradrenaline between young and aged subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291742 TI - [Plasma catecholamines during maximal exercise in competitive skiers and cardiac patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291743 TI - [Evaluation of hypothermic potassium cardioplegia with continuous monitoring of intracellular oxygen concentration during myocardial protection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291745 TI - [Measurement of the angle element of pacing vector, electrode vector and QRS vector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291744 TI - [Acute effects of a new antihypertensive quinazoline derivative, E-643 in severe heart failure--hemodynamics, plasma catecholamine levels and blood gas data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291747 TI - [Surgery on concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291746 TI - [Quantitative interpretation of coronary arteriogram based on Pujadas' description (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291749 TI - [A case of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula diagnosed by R.I. angiocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291750 TI - [A modern approach to the cervicocephalic syndrome]. PMID- 7291748 TI - [A case report on mitral valve prolapse syndrome with rapid and extensive rupture of the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291751 TI - [Effect of ascorbic acid on the production of collagen in human fibroblast culture]. PMID- 7291752 TI - [Effect of vitamin C on glucose consumption in human fibroblast culture in vitro]. PMID- 7291753 TI - [Algodystrophies of the limbs]. PMID- 7291754 TI - [Xanthomatosis cases in the Silesian Rheumatological Hospital in Ustronie]. PMID- 7291755 TI - [Remote results of leukeran treatment of multiple sclerosis based on systematic clinical and paraclinical follow-up]. PMID- 7291756 TI - [Effectiveness of exercise therapy in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7291757 TI - [Differential diagnosis of polyneuropathy. Description of 3 cases]. PMID- 7291758 TI - [3 cases of dermatomyositis with or without neoplasm, treated at the Rheumatology Department of the District Hospital in Plock]. PMID- 7291759 TI - [What does it mean to solve a clinical problem? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291760 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their families relationship of disease activity in the probands to antibody cytotoxicity in their relatives. PMID- 7291761 TI - [Peptic ulcer epidemiology at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291763 TI - [Cytogenetics in pediatric practice. Experience of 10 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291762 TI - [Autoimmune primary hemolytic anemia. Analysis of 51 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291764 TI - [Aplastic and dyshemopoietic anemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291765 TI - Predictive equations for normal red cell values at altitudes from sea level to 2,670 meters. PMID- 7291766 TI - Hyperthyroidism associated with renal tubular acidosis, nephrocalcinosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and periodic paralysis. Report of a case. PMID- 7291767 TI - [Hypophyseal deficiency evolution in a patient surgically treated for the empty sella turcica syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291768 TI - [Federal District glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Gd(-). A new variant associated with moderate enzyme deficiency and occasional hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7291769 TI - [Clinical differences in typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi chloramphenicol sensitive sensitive and resistant]. PMID- 7291771 TI - Leptospirosis in Colombia. Isolation of Leptospira hardjo from beef cattle grazing tropical savannas. PMID- 7291770 TI - [Salmonella and Shigella isolated from diarrheal states]. PMID- 7291772 TI - [Obtaining viable protoplasts of tomato leaves (Lycopersicon esculentum)]. PMID- 7291773 TI - [Evaluation of the growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda]. PMID- 7291774 TI - [Comparison of heat with reducing substances for the evaluation of IgM in rabbit serum]. PMID- 7291775 TI - [Vibrio parahaemolyticus: isolation and identification in the waters of Baia de Guanabara]. PMID- 7291779 TI - [The definition and recognition of oneself]. PMID- 7291776 TI - [Inoculation of Rhizobium phaseoli onto different species of the genus Phaseolus originating in Mexico]. PMID- 7291777 TI - [Biotic indexes as parameters for evaluating the quality of water]. PMID- 7291778 TI - Effect of polyamines on the formation of DNA-immunoglobulin G complexes. PMID- 7291780 TI - [Occurrence of scleroderma in a chronic carrier of HBs antigen. Critical analysis of the possible role of HBs-anti-HBs immune complexes]. PMID- 7291782 TI - [[Therapeutic possibilities offered by dialysis outside the context of "terminal uremia"]. PMID- 7291781 TI - [Hypocomplementemia of the first fractions of the classic pathway in normolipemic xanthoma planum with IgG1 monoclonal immunoglobulins (6 cases)]. PMID- 7291783 TI - [HDL-cholesterol, lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase and atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7291784 TI - [Picture of ankylosing spondylitis in Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia]. PMID- 7291785 TI - [Acute aortic insufficiency of tuberculous origin. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7291786 TI - [Massive digitalis poisoning. Treatment by hemoperfusion on Amberlite XAD-4 resin]. PMID- 7291787 TI - [Amyloid nephropathy. Clinical study of 135 cases]. PMID- 7291788 TI - [Value of capillaroscopy for the diagnosis of generalized scleroderma]. PMID- 7291789 TI - [Blood digitoxin. Comparative study after administration of drops and tablets of digitalin]. PMID- 7291791 TI - [Medical research, an enterprise in creativity at the incentive of needs: a plea for an interuniversity fund of pharmacologic research]. PMID- 7291790 TI - [Current trends and prospects of the Society of Physicians and Naturalists]. PMID- 7291792 TI - [Brain and pituitary cholecystokinin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291793 TI - [Cell proliferation in the gallbladder epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291794 TI - [Recent results in cancer chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291795 TI - [The cancer center (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291796 TI - [Vitamin D and renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291797 TI - [Prostaglandins, kidney and hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291798 TI - [Estrogenic hormone receptors. Physiological role and clinical significance]. PMID- 7291799 TI - [Hemodialysis in children with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7291800 TI - [Respiratory function in screening for chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7291801 TI - [Infarction of the right ventricle, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7291802 TI - [Fasting blood gastrin measured with a commercial pack for radioimmunological determination in various cases of digestive pathology]. PMID- 7291804 TI - [The correct use of clinical biology. Introduction]. PMID- 7291803 TI - [The practitioner confronting temporomandibular dysfunction]. PMID- 7291805 TI - [The correct use of clinical biology. General considerations]. PMID- 7291806 TI - [Serum lipid studies]. PMID- 7291807 TI - [Correct use of clinical biology. The hematologist's viewpoint]. PMID- 7291808 TI - [Ultrasonic monitoring of ovulation. Status in artificial insemination with donor sperm]. PMID- 7291809 TI - [Vascular neuralgia of the face]. PMID- 7291810 TI - [When and how to prescribe muscle relaxants in spasticity ?]. PMID- 7291811 TI - [Indications for tonsillectomy in children]. PMID- 7291812 TI - [Beta-thalassemia: systematic screening and treatment]. PMID- 7291813 TI - [Orthodontic surgery]. PMID- 7291814 TI - [Combined radiation-surgical treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 7291815 TI - [The role of surgery in the treatment of bone metastases]. PMID- 7291816 TI - [Physiological, pathological and drug factors influencing blood levels and posology of cardiotonic agents]. PMID- 7291817 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a promising method for the treatment of certain coronary patients]. PMID- 7291818 TI - [Aneurysms of the left ventricle]. PMID- 7291819 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): its nature and clinical significance]. PMID- 7291820 TI - [Practical and theoretical aspects of the treatment of depressive disorders]. PMID- 7291821 TI - [Current status in therapeutics]. PMID- 7291822 TI - [Alcoholic embryopathies or maternal alcoholism as the cause of physical and mental handicaps]. PMID- 7291823 TI - [Mental retardation: genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 7291824 TI - [Diagnosis and surveillance of high-risk pregnancy and labor]. PMID- 7291825 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations of the central nervous system using echography]. PMID- 7291826 TI - [Early detection of deafness]. PMID- 7291827 TI - [Detections tests for newborn infants]. PMID- 7291829 TI - [Being born in 1980]. PMID- 7291830 TI - [Prenatal prevention. Maternal welfare during pregnancy. Why popular initiative and what does it propose to do?]. PMID- 7291828 TI - [Pseudo-retardation: detection and prevention]. PMID- 7291831 TI - [Legislation and policy of maternal welfare: possibilities and obstacles]. PMID- 7291832 TI - [The role of the midwife (during pregnancy) in maternal welfare]. PMID- 7291834 TI - [Information concerning pregnancy and labor in the journal "Parents"]. PMID- 7291835 TI - [Instructing the pregnant women in private practice]. PMID- 7291837 TI - [Demographic data and planning of prenatal prevention measures]. PMID- 7291833 TI - [Various aspects of legislation relating to maternal protection in developed countries]. PMID- 7291836 TI - [The right of families, the public and physicians to know and understand local conditions in prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 7291838 TI - [Information on prenatal prevention for adolescents]. PMID- 7291839 TI - [Information and preventive measures at the dispensary for women]. PMID- 7291840 TI - [Physical trauma and psychological stress in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of the fact tht knowledge of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis remains incomplete, no evidence supports the hypothesis that physical trauma or psychological stress plays a role in its causation. Exacerbations of MS are much more likely to represent the effects of already existing plaques than be the clinical manifestations of newly developed ones. Careful review and analysis of preceding historical events often uncovers episodes of physical trauma or significant psychological stress. The occurrence of a symptomatic exacerbation shortly after an accident, especially at work not infrequently leads to litigation. Trauma and stress must be considered precipitating factors, not causal ones. The existence of unsuspected, asymptomatic lesions has now been well documented in the living patient by means of a number of diagnostic techniques. These can then explain how psychological and psychophysiological alterations produced by trauma or psychological stress rather than by the more classical changes in body temperature or calcium concentration, may lead to the emergence of clinical symptoms. These physiologic alterations, to our knowledge, do not influence the pathological manifestations of the disease in the central nervous system. It is undeniable that an accident may induce a symptomatic exacerbation but there is nothing to suggest that even severe physical trauma leads to the formation of new plaques or causes progression of the illness. PMID- 7291841 TI - [Pathophysiology of tetanus rigidity (author's transl)]. AB - Brainstem reflexes have been studied electrophysiologically in six patients with generalized tetanus. The selective impairment of reflexes with long polysynaptic pathways supports the assumption of an interneuronal dysfunction in tetanus. The behaviour of proprioceptive reflexes suggests that hyperactivity of gamma motoneurons contributes to the rigidity in an early stage of the disease. PMID- 7291842 TI - [Paralysis of digestive tract with lesions of myenteric plexuses. A new paraneoplastic syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A 67 years old man was admitted on July 1979 for nausea, dysphagia and rectal pain. At age 64 he had undergone radiotherapy on the lower lip for an epidermoid carcinoma. He remained then healthy. His medical history was negative with the exception of chronic bronchitis. He had never been exposed to toxic agents or drugs and had never left Europe. A few days after admission he suffered acute intestinal obstruction but at laparostomy no etiology was found. At the same time the patient complained of pain in all four limbs and he was found to have diffuse wasting of muscles, areflexia and distal sensory loss. No sign of dysautonomia was present. Physical examination was negative with the exception of a cervical lymphadenopathy. The lymph node biopsy showed an undifferentiated metastatic carcinoma. Negative investigations included: blood cells count; serum ionogram and immunoelectrophoresis; thyroid function tests; serological test for Chagas' disease. The following abnormalities were found: ESR: 55-105; CSF protein: 145 mg/100 ml and 1 cell mm3; whole blood folic acid: 1,7 mg/ml; Hbs antigen was present in blood; EMG showed evidence of denervation but motor conduction velocities were normal. By September the patient's weakness had increased and complete intestinal obstruction persisted. At oesophageal, gastric and duodenal fibroscopy no contraction was visible, and biopsies were negative. The patient died of peritonitis on October 5th, 1979. At necropsy peritonitis secondary to multiple perforation of the large bowel was found. No recurrence of the lip carcinoma or metastase or evidence of a primary carcinoma was found. Light microscopy showed no evidence of amyloidosis or scleroderma. Examination of the alimentary tract showed abnormalities restricted to the myenteric plexuses which varied from one level to another. In the small bowel there was hyperplasia of the smooth muscle and the myenteric plexuses were enlarged by marked proliferation of Schwann cells. Severe neuronal loss and nodules of Nageotte were also noted. Schwann cells proliferation was less marked in the stomach and large bowel. Lympho-histiocytic infiltration strictly confined to the region of the myenteric plexuses was present in oesophagus, stomach, large bowel and rectum. Mild chronic inflammatory lesions were also found in anterior and posterior spinal roots and semi-lunar ganglia. The striking feature of this case is the association of an undifferentiated carcinoma and a polyradiculoneuritis with a complete alimentary tract palsy of rapid onset, secondary to lesions restricted to the myenteric plexuses. The low folate level was insufficient to explain the neuropathy. Investigations showed no evidence of the usual causes of intestinal pseudo obstruction: muscular, dysautonomic, toxic, plexic (idiopathic, familial, inflammatory), Chagas' disease). The clinical course, the pathological pictures of the alimentary tract and spinal roots and the association with a carcinoma suggest that our case may represent a paraneoplastic syndrome... PMID- 7291843 TI - [Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome: a case report with pathological examination (author's transl)]. AB - A patient developed dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica, following an epileptic attack at the age of 19 years, with the progressive onset of involuntary movements and a cerebellar syndrome. He was second of a family of six children in which the same affection was present in the older sister while the four others were not affected. The involuntary movements corresponded to krebs type III intentino myoclonus, to massive myoclonic movements, and Krebs type I fibrillary myoclonia. The E.E.G. changes were typical, particularly the constant reinforcement of epileptic potential by photic stimulation. Completely disabled at 35 years, the patient was hospitalized at age 51 and kept under observation for 18 months. The per os administration of 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-H.T.P.), 150 mg daily, without a decarboxylase inhibitor, resulted in a spectacular reduction of the myoclonic movements and a marked improvement in autonomy. The patient died at 53 years of age from deglutition disorders related to oropharyngeal myoclonus. Pathological examination revealed no abnormalities in the brain, particularly in the dentate nuclei and the superior cerebellar penduncles. The only lesions observed were in the spinal cord: atrophy and demyelinization of Goll's columns and of the posterior lumbar and dorsal roots, and slight atrophy of the lateral funiculi. This case raises the problem of the relationship between myoclonus and lesions of the dentate nucleus, observed in 13 out of 16 cases of anatomically confirmed D.C.M., and lesions of its efferent pathways, present in 8 cases out of 16. The case reported here is the only one with an isolated spinal cord lesion, apart from that of Bradshaw in which no lesion was found but the cord had not been examined. The improvement obtained with the precursor of serotonin, 5-H.T.P. in the Lance and Adams syndrome (in which the intention myoclonus is semiologically very close to that of D.C.M., whatever their respective lesions), suggests that pathogenic studies should be carried out along biochemical lines. Though all authors do not agree, many accept a disturbance in serotoninergic pathways in the genesis of intentional myoclonus. The improvement in clinical signs and symptoms obtained in the present case with low doses of 5-H.T.P. brings additional evidence in favor of this hypothesis. PMID- 7291845 TI - [Inclusion body myositis: clinical, morphological and virological study of a new case associated with scleroderma and Klinefelter's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291844 TI - [Benign congenital myopathy with type I fiber predominance and rare "cores" in the asymptomatic mother. Association with malformations of the midline (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 20 year-old female with a congenital myopathy and multiple midline malformations (cranio-facial dysplasia with cleft-palate, cervical and dorsal vertebral blocks and sacro-lumbar spina bifida) is reported. A muscle biopsy showed only a predominance of type I fibres (97,3 p. 100). A muscle biopsy from the asymptomatic mother showed a predominance of type I fibres (95 p. 100) and a small number of fibres (less than 5 p. 100) with central or peripheral cores. Other fibres showed subsarcolemnic mitochondrial aggregates and slight architectural alterations. These findings confirm the variable histological patterns in benign congenital myopathies and emphasize the usefulness of studying the asymptomatic parents of such patients in whom a predominance of type I fibres is the only change present in the muscle biopsy. PMID- 7291846 TI - [Cerebral neuroblastoma in the adult. Clinical and C.T. scan aspects (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a thirty two years old patient with a frontal syndrome developing over the last three years is reported. CT scan showed a large calcified lesion, situated on the median line enhanced by iodine. The patient was operated. Ultrastructural and histologie studies concluded that it the tumor was a neuroblastoma. After operation an unquestionable amelioration of the frontal disorders appeared. Facial paralysis with a inverse automatic-voluntary dissociation and an underuse of motricity, both left-sided, after cortectomy of the right-sided premotor area were observed. We therefore suggest that the lesion of the external premotor cortex was responsible of the facial paralysis with an inverse automatic voluntary dissociation and of the underuse the left side. PMID- 7291847 TI - [Optic ataxia: analysis of eye and hand responses in pointing at visual targets (author's transl)]. AB - A visuomotor task was used in three cases of isolated optic ataxia, in patients with an unilateral parietal lesion (one right and two left). Eye and hand movements were recorded in pointing at visual targets in a closed loop condition. Saccades directed to the contralateral side were abnormal in two patients. Hand pointing was always accurate in foveal vision conditions. Errors observed in peripheral vision condition were different according to the side of the lesion. The contribution of oculomotor signals in optic ataxia and the influence of hemispheric specialization are discussed. PMID- 7291848 TI - [Clinical and pathological study of a case of subacute combined degeneration of the cord with folic acid deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical and pathological findings in a case of subacute combined degeneration of the cord are described. The patient was a severe alcoholic but there was no vitamin B12 deficiency. Lesions were similar to those observed in Lichtheim's disease. Biological tests demonstrated frank folic acid deficiency, with very low serum and red cells levels. Clinical features included only mild macrocytic anemia, and flexion quadriplegia after a period of disorders of equilibrium. Higher functions were unaffected. Apart from alcoholism, no other toxic or digestive causative factors were found. PMID- 7291849 TI - [Motor negligence in a case of right thalamic hematoma (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with left motor negligence CT scan showed a right thalamic hematoma of small size, involving the posterior thalamic region. The clinical picture was pure, including neither marked distal or proximal motor deficiency, nor auditory or visual or somesthetic disorders except sensory extinction. Cortical somesthetic evoked potentials were normal. Motor negligence presented 3 basic elements: 1) lack of spontaneous movements of the left side of the body, particularly of the upper limb; 2) absence of nociceptive reactivity; 3) immediate total reversibility of the disorder following verbal commands. Emphasis is placed on this latter sign which indicates the thalamic origin of the disturbance. Of the various explanations proposed for the disorder the most likely one would appear to be a disorder of a relatively specific activation system of motor activities, a system arising from the posterior thalamic nuclei: 1) pulvinar and laterodorsal nuclei projecting over area 23 (posterior cingulum); 2) intralaminar formations, particularly the lateral superior central nucleus, projecting over area 24 (anterior cingulum). The disturbance in this system, at its thalamic origin, might explain the differences between this motor negligence behaviour and lack of spontaneous motility syndromes resulting from frontal cortical lesions. It might also be that the right lateralisation of the lesion plays a relatively minor role. PMID- 7291850 TI - [Tracking without vision: effect of visual privation on ocular tracking movements in normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291851 TI - [Isolation of free-living amoebae from nasal swabs in 300 healthy persons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291852 TI - [Brainstem auditory evoked responses in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291853 TI - [Morphological study of a case of oculo-pharyngeal dystrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291854 TI - [Reflex pain: some examples in the oto-neuro-ophthalmological field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291856 TI - [Carotido-cavernous fistula and hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291855 TI - [The Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291857 TI - [Excision of an acoustic neuroma with conservation of hearing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291858 TI - [Radical surgery for a multipedunculated vertebral fistula by a combined sequential endo- and exovascular approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291859 TI - [Meningeal carcinomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291860 TI - [Nystagmography with highest temperature: first results in disseminated sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291861 TI - [Brainstem evoked potentials in deaf-blind children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291862 TI - [Electronystagmographic changes induced by drugs active on the central vestibulo ocular system. Recent experimental data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7291863 TI - [Systematic detection of elevated low density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) in a population of 2656 blood donors]. AB - The atherogenic low density lipoproteins were evaluated using two turbidimetric methods: one based on the precipitation of LDL and VLDL by heparin-CaCl2 and the other on the precipitation of the VLDL by sodium dodecyl sulfate. In search of hyperlipoproteinemia, both tests were applied to a population of blood donors aged from 18 to 60 years. when both tests were negative, hyperlipoproteinemia can be excluded without quantitative evaluation of cholesterol and triglycerides levels. If the heparin-CaCl2 test is high and the SDS normal it can be concluded that it is a case of type IIa hyperlipidemia. When both test are high, further investigations are required. In the present study, corresponding to the screening of the sera from 2656 blood donors (including 1280 males and 1376 females), the high level of atherogenic lipoproteins is most frequently observed in the males (10 per cent for men and 2,5 per cent for women). This frequency increases with age. PMID- 7291864 TI - [HLA markers in a Tunisian population]. AB - HLA typing of 100 blood samples was carried out in an unrelated Tunisian population, chosen according to its aptitude in giving blood and therefore, in undergoing a complete medical examination. The results obtained show a strong similarity with those already recorded by H. Betuel and coworkers. Two haplotypes are in linkage disequilibrium; which are found in the Turks and the Sardinians. PMID- 7291866 TI - [DGS/359/AS/1-2 Circular of 30 June 1980 relative to the prevention of transfusion complications]. PMID- 7291865 TI - [Sickle-cell anemia and surgery. Value of the cell separator in preparation for the operation]. PMID- 7291867 TI - [Endotoxins, implications for pathology and immunopathology]. PMID- 7291868 TI - A chromogenic assay of prothrombin compared with coagulation tests during anticoagulant therapy and liver disease. AB - A standardized chromogenic assay of prothrombin (factor II, FII) was compared with a conventional coagulation assay and global tests (Quick prothrombin time, Hepatoquick) in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy. Twenty patients with chronic liver disease were also investigated. Studies of precision showed a coefficient of variation ranging between 2.9 and 4.1% in both normal and anticoagulant samples. Accuracy and variability studies yielded satisfactory results. There was a highly significant positive correlation between chromogenic and coagulation assays, whereas correlation with global coagulation tests was much lower, particularly when normal plasmas were tested. In patients with liver disease, FII assay gave reduced values and appeared at least as sensitive as global coagulation tests in showing the synthetic defect occurring in liver disease. These findings suggest that the chromogenic assay can be employed in the clinical laboratory, even though prospective studies are warranted to establish its predictive value. PMID- 7291869 TI - Protein measurement of inflammation. (A statistical evaluation). PMID- 7291870 TI - Lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness during edema, proteinuria and hypertension (EPH) gestosis. AB - In vitro immunological tests showed that patients with pre-eclampsia are characterized by a greater degree of lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness to mitogens during pregnancy than normotensive controls. Thus, a relationship has been hypothesized between the hypoimmune lymphocyte response and the pathogenesis of the disease. We studied 20 non-pregnant healthy volunteers (group a), 11 women with a normal pregnancy (group b) and 13 women with EPH gestosis (group c). In all patients we determined the number of lymphocytes and the lymphocyte function (PHA, Con A, PWM responsiveness) in autologous and homologous plasma during pregnancy and 5 to 30 days after delivery. The mean values of the number of EAC and E rosettes in the three groups studied were similar. The mean values of the mitogenic response to PHA in autologous plasma were significantly reduced in both groups b and c in comparison with group a, but there was no statistical difference between groups b and c. The PHA lymphocyte responsiveness returned to normal in both homologous and autologous plasma after delivery. Our data demonstrate that no difference exists between pregnant women with and without pre eclampsia as regards impaired cell-mediated lymphocyte response in vitro. Moreover, the diminished lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens during pregnancy seems to be due to humoral circulating factor(s). PMID- 7291871 TI - Relationship between brain cortex and testis maturation rate in two inbred strains of mice. AB - Two inbred strains of mice, SEC/1ReJ (SEC) and C57BL/6J (C57) showed significant differences in the maturation rate of two different anatomical districts: the brain cortex and the seminiferous epithelium. The cortical maturation rate, recorded by means of an electrocorticogram (ECoG), indicated that SEC mice are slower in the development of an adult wave pattern than C57 mice, which are more mature at birth. Furthermore, the C57 strain appears to have a faster maturation rate of the seminiferous epithelium. In fact, spermatogenesis in these mice shows the presence of spermatids in the seminiferous epithelium at 25 days, and mature spermatozoa in the epididymis at 40 days. Instead, the SEC strain, because of its slower development, shows a considerable delay of spermiogenesis and the epididymis is still empty at 40 days. These data, together with those on the ECoG differences of these strains, seem to indicate a relationship between brain and testis maturation. PMID- 7291872 TI - Negative nitrogen balance in cirrhotics. (A correct therapeutic approach). AB - The aims of this study were: 1. the assessment of the nitrogen balance (NB) in both compensated and encephalopathic cirrhotics, 2. the evaluation of the efficacy of a new therapeutic approach: amino acid solutions enriched with branched chain (BCAA) but poor in aromatic (AAA) amino acids. Solutions containing only BCAA were also employed: 42 cirrhotics were divided into the following groups: 1st group (26 cases), cirrhosis without hepatic encephalopathy (HE); 2nd group (16 cases), cirrhosis with HE. Six patients (23%) in the 1st group showed a positive NB at the beginning; 20 (77%) were negative; 18 of them were fed an oral diet (0.8 g protein/kg/day; 35 cal/kg/day) as a result of which they were brought into a positive NB within 5 days (from - 7.38 +/- 0.95 to + 3.67 +/- 0.46 g N/24 h). In two cases the diet failed to give a positive NB, so it was replaced by a BCAA enriched solution infusion (NB raised from - 1.0 +/- 5.4 g N/24 h). Patients in the 2nd group were put on total parenteral nutrition (TPN); two cases receiving glucose alone achieved a positive NB only when BCAA enriched solutions were added (from - 4.0 to + 3.0 g N/24 h). Four patients treated for 3 days with BCAA alone did not achieve a positive NB; in these cases likewise, BCAA enriched solutions were added in order to achieve a positive NB (from - 0.8 to + 4.2 g N/24 h); all 14 cases treated from the beginning with glucose + BCAA enriched solutions became positive, on average, within 5 days (from - 4.82 +/- 0.89 to + 3.15 +/- 0.61 g N/24 h). In addition to the NB, other parameters (blood ammonia, BCAA/AAA ratio, blood urea, electroencephalograms) and clinical symptoms were beneficially influenced by these solutions. PMID- 7291873 TI - Comparison between modulation transfer function curves and a new type of phantom for the assessment of the Anger camera performance in 99mTc and 201Tl studies. PMID- 7291874 TI - Binding of prolactin by fetal human lung cell membrane fractions. AB - PRL binding capacity to cell membrane fraction was studied in lung tissues obtained from 4 human fetuses or newborn infants. One of the fetuses was a stillborn delivered at 33 weeks of gestation. The newborn infants died for unknown causes within 24 h after birth. The gestational age was 20, 39 and 41 weeks. The cell membrane fraction was prepared by ultracentrifugation. binding capacity and affinity constants were calculated according to athe Scatchard method. No significant specific binding of PRL to lung tissue from the stillborn fetus was observed, while for the other 3 newborn infants the binding capacity was 5.7, 7.4 and 9.6 fmol PRL bound/mg of membrane protein, respectively. The affinity constants were in the order of 10(10) M-1. these preliminary results show that human neonatal lung has receptors for PRL and suggest that PRL itself may be involved in the lung maturation. PMID- 7291875 TI - [Our experience with rheoencephalography. Qualitative REG study of 1000 cases of verified chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency]. AB - After a detailed review of literature basic and clinical data on rheoencephalography (R.E.G.) the findings of 1000 patients suffering from verified brain blood supply impairment submitted to REG studies are exposed. Following parameters of REG curve have been analysed: sphygmic amplitude, sphygmic interrelations between two homologous brain regions; sphygmic speed, rise time, slope of REG curve, dicrotic incisure, random oscillations of catacrotic phase. A reduction in sphygmic speed has been observed in 70 % of cases, with changes in slope of REG curve in 90 % and reduction or disappearance of catacrotic dicrotism in 93.5 % and progressively less frequent changes in the remaining REG parameters. The obtained data have been submitted to statistical analysis. Significant associations have been observed between two or more pathological REG parameters and between the pathology of REG curve as a whole and the different invasive methods employed for assessing the cerebrovascular insufficiency such as CT, CBF studies and angiographic data. Not significant correlations between the focal REG pathology, and the focal changes of REG or of the invasive methods have been found. The systematic employment of REG study as a non invasive method for the screening of cerebral blood impairment is recommended. PMID- 7291876 TI - [Electrophysiological variations induced by (-) eburnamonine in patients with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency]. AB - Twenty adult patients, (13 males and 7 females) aged from 20 to 57 years, suffering from chronic brain blood supply impairment verified by different techniques (CBF measurement, ophthalmoangioscopic study; CAT, Carotid angiogram) have been submitted to REG and various EEG investigations (Standard and spectral EEG analysis, VEP and SEP studies) prior and during a chronic treatment with eburnamonine intramuscularly given for 60 days and after drug withdrawal. A significant reduction in prominent EEG frequency during the first 30 days treatment has been observed whereas a significant increase in mean EEG amplitude during 60 days treatment could be recorded. A significant and progressive increase in mean REG sphygmic amplitude after 60 days treatment and 30 days after the withdrawal, together with a significant increase in rise time and a significant reduction in culmination time of REG, could be observed. A reduction in VEP latencies of P1 either over the occipital or over the centrofrontal regions with increase in total VEP duration and significant improvement in postero-anterior transmission of evoked response have been observed. A reduction in SEP latencies of P1 either on contralateral or on ipsilateral somatosensory cortex has been observed. A significant decrease in delta content over all brain regions and in theta content over parieto-occipital regions with significant increase in alpha content during the whole treatment and after the suspension with a transient increase in beta frequency during the first 30 days treatment have been revealed by spectral EEG analysis. Bearing in mind the different and frequently antithetic trends in EEG amplitude and frequency changes observed in patients suffering from partial blood supply impairment versus the total blood supply impairment the antihypoxic effects of (--) eburnamonine have been confirmed, with increase in blood flow, specially of cortical grey matter, revealed by REG changes. PMID- 7291877 TI - [A case of radial nerve paralysis caused by lipoma. Role of C.A.T. in diagnosis and clinical aspects]. AB - It is described a case of compression of the deep branch of radial nerve caused by a lipoma, in which the use of C.T. was very important from a diagnostic point of view. It is described the use of C.T. in the evaluation of musculoskeletal neoplasms. PMID- 7291878 TI - [Development of multiple sclerosis with ocular onset as compared with other onset forms]. AB - This work is to verify if multiple sclerosis started with a retrobulbar optic neuritis has a more favourable course, compared with the cases started with any other neurological symptomatology according to a large part of AA. We considered 47 cases of M.S. started with R.O.N. hospitalized in our Clinic from 1940 to 1975, controlled with two groups of 47 patients of the Clinic with M.S. without any ocular symptomatology. Any satisfactory information result from this inquiry to prognosticate a more favourable prognosis for the cases started with R.O.N. PMID- 7291879 TI - [Neurological symptoms in Vaquez disease. A clinical case]. AB - Polycythemic syndromes, particularly (Polycythemia vera), often causes neurological symptoms, that sometimes are the first in the clinic. The authors analyze the various neurological symptoms that more frequently occur and their probable pathogenesis. The clinical case taken into consideration by the authors showed the same symptoms of the endocranial hypertension. PMID- 7291880 TI - [Ophthalmodynamometry in transitory cerebral ischemic episodes]. AB - The authors examine the diagnostic accuracy of ophthalmodynamometry in detecting extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis. 58 patients with T.I.A.s or R.I.N.D.s are studied. The test, compared with angiography, is positive only in 50% of patients presenting unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. PMID- 7291882 TI - [Selective posterior radiculotomy in the treatment of spasticity: immediate and long-term results]. AB - Immediate and late results of a series of 44 patients suffering from spastic syndromes, operated on from January 1973 to December 1976 by selective posterior rootlet section, have been analyzed and reported. The operation consisted of a selective section of the dorsomedial part of the rootlets constituting each posterior root and was performed usually from L1 to S1 bilaterally. Thirty patients improved markedly after the operation and there were no immediate or late complications. The procedure caused no sensory disorders. The indications and contraindications to the operation are discussed. PMID- 7291881 TI - [Parinaud's syndrome caused by aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery]. AB - The authors deal with a case, they have observed, of aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery whose clinical picture opened with an endocranial hypertension syndrome, associated with paresis of both sursumvergence and convergence (Parinaud's syndrome). Carefully analyzing literature, the authors didn't find other cases of aneurysms of intracranial anterior circulus associated with the above mentioned syndrome. They lastly propose pathogenic hypotheses justifying this association. PMID- 7291884 TI - [CT and clinical findings in intracerebral hemorrhage: comparative evaluations (author's transl)]. AB - 50 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage were investigated by CT within 7 days from the stroke; the clinical findings (double-blind study) showed a wrong etiologic diagnosis in 18% and a wrong topographic diagnosis in 20% of cases. The clinical severity and evolution did not seem to be related to either the site, or the extension of the lesion (cm) as evaluated by CT. PMID- 7291883 TI - [Clinical and CT findings in ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases (author's transl)]. AB - 120 patients with an ischaemic stroke visualized by computerized tomography were investigated: the clinical examination of the patients (double-blind study) showed a wrong diagnosis in 15,8%, the topographic diagnosis was correct in a much higher percentage (81%). Possible relationships between clinical severity, CT localization and extension of the damage were investigated; a statistically significant relationship was ascertained only in the group of 38 cases who were examined within 21 days from the stroke. The site and extension of the lesion did not seem to influence the clinical evolution or to be a good prognostic indicator in this study. PMID- 7291885 TI - [(Negative) CT findings in subjects with ischaemic strokes (author's transl)]. AB - 50 subjects who had one or several ischaemic attacks without detectable attenuation area in the CT scan were examined. CT findings grouped as follows: normal, cortical generalized atrophy and cortical localized atrophy with or without ventricular or cysternal enlargement, diffuse cortical and ventricular atrophy. The relationships between CT scan, clinical evolution, number of ischaemic attacks and predisposing risk factors were also considered. The mainly morphological value of CT and the limited dynamic and functional aspects of this technique are emphasized in agreement with other authors. PMID- 7291886 TI - [CT findings in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - CT examination in 100 patients affected by chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency showed a normal picture in 16 cases, while 84 subjects showed different degrees of atrophy, generalised and focal, controlateral or sometime omolateral to the infarct, with differing patterns. The mean age of subjects with normal CT was significantly lower in comparison with patients with definite atrophy. Besides the neurological picture and the time course, the patients' psychiatric status was also assessed: no definite relationship seems to exist between psychiatric disturbances and brain atrophy. Pseudobulbar syndrome was found in 46 cases and many of them showed cortical and mainly ventricular atrophy. This picture was very seldom found in patients with vertebro-basilar insufficiency. Localised cortical atrophy, on the contrary, was often associated with ischaemic stroke. The incidence of predisposing risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus or high lipid levels) was greater in subjects with brain atrophy and older age than in patients with normal CT scan. PMID- 7291887 TI - [Altered plasma lipid and protein patterns in schizophrenic patients (author's transl)]. AB - The plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern (total cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipid concentration; electrophoretic separation of the lipoproteins) and plasma protein profile (total protein concentration; electrophoretic separation of the plasma proteins) have been determined in a group of 60 chronic schizophrenic patients (47 men and 13 women, mean age 30,3 +/- 22 years). When compared to a control group matched for age and sex, the schizophrenic patients exhibited significantly lower cholesterol concentration and altered distribution pattern of the plasma lipid fractions. Similarly, the plasma a1,- a2,- and beta globulin patterns are also altered in schizophrenic group. It is concluded that the altered plasma lipid and protein patterns may suggest that (auto)-immunologic and/or metabolic factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic disease. PMID- 7291888 TI - [Skin pathology during vacations]. PMID- 7291890 TI - [Disorders of intestinal transit in travellers]. PMID- 7291889 TI - [Accidents linked to the unusual practice of physical effort (the over-exerted heart, drowning)]. PMID- 7291891 TI - [Accidents of sport underwater diving with an aqualung]. PMID- 7291892 TI - [Altitude pathology]. PMID- 7291893 TI - [Mushroom poisoning]. PMID- 7291894 TI - [A small pharmacy for the traveller]. PMID- 7291895 TI - [Poisoning by French fauna]. PMID- 7291896 TI - [Diagnosis of purulent meningitis]. PMID- 7291898 TI - [Pneumococcal meningitis (apropos of 42 cases: 1973-1980)]. PMID- 7291897 TI - [Cerebrospinal meningitis]. PMID- 7291899 TI - [Meningitis and meningoencephalitis caused by Listeria]. PMID- 7291900 TI - [Purulent meningitis in newborn infants and infants]. PMID- 7291901 TI - [Rare meningitis and inoculation meningitis]. PMID- 7291903 TI - [How to perform and interpret a gastroduodenal transit study]. PMID- 7291902 TI - [General principles of the treatment of purulent meningitis]. PMID- 7291904 TI - [The laxative disease]. PMID- 7291905 TI - [Infectious diarrhea]. PMID- 7291907 TI - [Practical rules of the administration and complications of anticancer drugs]. PMID- 7291906 TI - [The principal anticancer agents]. PMID- 7291908 TI - [Preventive and complementary anticancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 7291909 TI - [Chemotherapy of extensive and metastasized cancers]. PMID- 7291910 TI - [Methotrexate]. PMID- 7291911 TI - [Brief loss of consciousness and malaise. General approach to diagnosis]. PMID- 7291912 TI - [Common syncope]. PMID- 7291913 TI - [Syncope of cardiac origin]. PMID- 7291914 TI - [Hysterical loss of consciousness]. PMID- 7291915 TI - [Does spasmophilia (chronic idiopathic tetany) exist?]. PMID- 7291916 TI - [Epileptic loss of consciousness]. PMID- 7291917 TI - [Brief loss of consciousness in cerebral ischemic accidents]. PMID- 7291918 TI - [Amnesic attack]. PMID- 7291919 TI - [Prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Current viewpoint]. PMID- 7291920 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: nosology and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7291921 TI - [Problems posed by the clinical definition of bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 7291922 TI - [Physiopathology of primary bone marrow aplasias]. PMID- 7291923 TI - [Current status of trials of immunosuppressive therapy in bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 7291924 TI - [Etiologic survey in bone marrow aplasias]. PMID- 7291925 TI - [Long-term outcome in bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 7291926 TI - [Diagnosis and management in acute agranulocytosis]. PMID- 7291927 TI - The epileptic focus in association nuclei of the thalamus in cat. The action on the nucleus lateralis posterior of strong and mild epileptogenic drugs. PMID- 7291928 TI - Electroencephalographic studies on hepato-cerebral degeneration. PMID- 7291929 TI - Efficiency of methods based on the divergent principle in the therapy of aphasia. PMID- 7291930 TI - Some interictal peculiarities of the orienting reaction in "idiopathic" epilepsy. PMID- 7291931 TI - [Long-term effects of a combination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1-alpha hydroxycholecalciferol on osteodystrophy in chronic hemodialysis patients]. AB - vitamin compounds to the basic dialytic treatment of renal osteodystrophy is of contestable interest. Because 1) optimum conditions of dialysis without D vitamin addition prevent efficiently the progress of severe gyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia 2) the D vitamin compunds could render the phosphatemia control more difficult thus contributing to aggravate the histologic lesions of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7291932 TI - [Sciatica caused by disk herniation in children. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The authors report 4 cases of sciatica from disk herniation occurring in children under 16. It happens rarely in this age range, as is shown in the review of the literature performed for this article. The symptomatology is similar to that in adults. The physical signs are much more prominent than the functional signs. An original traumatism, sometimes severe, is often encountered. The standard X-ray examination is of little use in diagnosis, while contrast studies (opaque myelography, phlebography) clearly show the lesions of compression. Surgical treatment is frequent but not compulsory, following the same rules than in the adults. The post-operative results are usually excellent. PMID- 7291933 TI - [Chyliform effusions in rheumatoid arthritis. Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies of the foam cells]. AB - The authors studied the cell composition and the cytochemistry and ultrastructure of the frothy cells in two periarticular chyliform effusions in rheumatoid arthritis. Compared with the polymorphonuclear cells, the mononuclear cells were very numerous with many frothy cells. Cholesterol crystals, identified by X-ray diffraction, were detected in fluids by polarised light, but only cytochemically and with the transmission electron microscope in the spumous cells. The latter contained not only neutral fat, but also hydrophobic lipids and phospholipids, but no cholesterol esters. A theory has been advanced that once phagocytosis has been accomplished, cholesterol crystal metabolism is not rapid and is too insufficient for cholesterol or its esters to accumulate in the cytoplasm. The polymorphonuclear leukocytes play only a small role in the phagocytosis of crystals and this probably plays a role in the absence of acute inflammation in structures which contain chyliform effusions. PMID- 7291934 TI - [Articular manifestations of dyslipidemia. Apropos of 2 personal cases]. PMID- 7291935 TI - [The manubriosternal articulation in axial inflammatory rheumatism]. PMID- 7291936 TI - [Post-fracture pseudo-spondylodiskitis in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7291937 TI - [2 cases of osteochondromatosis of the hip complicated by osteonecrosis of the femoral head]. PMID- 7291938 TI - [Acute polyarthritis disclosing an esophageal carcinoma. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7291939 TI - [Association of non-excreting myeloma and Paget's disease of bone]. PMID- 7291940 TI - [Severe bronchiolitis in rheumatoid arthritis treated with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 7291941 TI - [Amelioration of trophic disorders using thyrocalcitonin in syringobulbia]. PMID- 7291942 TI - [Effect of spironolactone (Aldactone-A) on the function of the thyroid gland in white rats]. PMID- 7291943 TI - Methodological aspects concerning radio-immunoassay of blood thyroxine applicable to population screening. AB - A research methodology concerning introduction of thyroxine radioimmunoassay applicable to screening programs is reported. The reagents necessary for T4 assay were prepared and tested and the technical parameters, the stages and technical characteristics of RIA-T4 in the laboratory were established. The RIA method for T4 was compared with the CPBA method and with the commercially available kits, both on samples taken from experimental animals and on hypo-, hyper- and normo thyroid subjects. The range of T4 normal values could thus be established for the geographic area of Romania: 7.5-10.5 microgram dl-1, with a mean of 9.1 +/- 2 SD. The reagents were applied by extension to thyroxine assay on dry blood spots. The results are comparable with those of direct serum assay. The value of these assays in screening thyroid function in newborns and in the population with remnant thyreopathic endemic dystrophy is discussed. PMID- 7291944 TI - [A new clinico-pathogenic form of the adrenogenital syndrome: "acquired (non tumoral) adrenocortical hyperandrogenism in the adult male"]. PMID- 7291945 TI - Mandibulo-oculo-facial dyscephaly (Hallermann-Streiff syndrome) in a boy resulted from a consanguineous marriage. PMID- 7291946 TI - Labelling of octapeptide neurohormones for in vitro studies. Radioimmunologic assay for arginine-vasopressin. AB - Synthetic arginine-vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXY) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT) were labelled with radioiodine at a moderate specific activity. The purity of the labelled octapeptides was checked by descendent paper chromatography in butanol acetic acid-water (4 : 1 : 5 v/v) after a double filtration on a Sephadex G-25 column of the labelling mixtures. The rabbit anti-AVP serum bound 125I--AVP, the highest binding belling observed on the descendent eluates from the Sephadex column. The antiserum is specific to AVP, no binding being observed will AVT or oxytocin. The sensitivity of a RIA system using 125I--AVP, commercial anti-AVP serum and polyethyleneglycol separation technique, was of 5 pg/ml in terms of AVP with a biological activity of 385 IU/mg. The validity of the assay was tested on five patients (two with diabetes inspidus (DI) and three with other endocrine diseases) submitted to dehydration of hydration tests. PMID- 7291947 TI - Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier for prolactin in empty sella syndrome. AB - In six patients with "empty sella" syndrome (ESS), three primary (pESS) and three secndary (sESS), the ratio of serum to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of prolactin (PRL) was 6.6 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM) (range 5.5--9.6), with a significant correlation between serum and CSF levels of PRL (r = 0.93 p less than 0.01). A control group of ten normal subjects showed similar values. The hyperprolactinemia found in two cases of pESS did not change the serum/ CSF ratio of PRL. The acute release of PRL into the serum following TRH i.v. did not increase the PRL level in CSF either in control subjects or ESS, with one exception. In a case of sESS consecutive to the treatment with bromocriptine (for 6 months) of an invasive prolactinoma, TRH i. v. released PRL into the CSF but not into the blood, and the serum/ CSF ratio of PRL was very low, until a new cure with bromocriptine (for 3 months) mormalised it. It is suggested that the blood-CSF barrier for PRL is similar in ESS and in normal subjects, with the exception of sESS following incomplete remission of some invasive prolactinomas, in which the high permeability of BCB may be explained both by hemodynamic changes in the pituitary portal vascular system and by a new source of PRL which release it directly into the CSF, bypassing the blood route. PMID- 7291948 TI - Antiphospholipasic action of cortisol. PMID- 7291949 TI - [Exotic pathology imported into Europe, with special reference to malaria. Spain in the face of a growing problem]. PMID- 7291950 TI - Effect of indomethacin and naproxen on the metabolism of collagen in adjuvant induced arthritis. AB - The effect of indomethacin and naproxen on collagen metabolism was studied in arthritic animals after an injection of [3H]-proline, both the specific and total radioactivity of [3H]-hydroxyproline being determined in skin collagen fractions and in urine. It was found that collagen synthesis and conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen are diminished, accompanied by an increased collagen degradation in untreated arthritic animals. Administration of indomethacin and naproxen to arthritic animals accelerated the synthesis of collagen and conversion soluble to insoluble collagen and inhibited the catabolism of collagen. PMID- 7291951 TI - Chlamydial isolations and serology in Reiter's syndrome. AB - To assess the possible etiological link between genital infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Reiter's syndrome (RS) 24 men and 2 women with typical RS and 5 women with signs suggestive of RS (SRS) were examined. CT was isolated by irradiated McCoy cell culture technique and chlamydial indirect immunofluorescence serology was applied. Chlamydial isolation from the urethra was positive in 5 patients as well as from synovial fluid of the knee in one man. The serology was positive (titre greater than or equal to 64) in 17 (55%) of the 31 patients, including all 7 women. HLA-B27 antigen was detected in only 15 of 27 patients (55%). All except one of the 12 patients negative for HLA-B27 antigen had positive chlamydial serology. Among the patients were two married couples, both negative for B27 antigen and positive for chlamydial serology. The case report of the one couple, in which the wife had positive urethral chlamydial isolation, is given. Sexually acquired RS might easily be overlooked in women and be misdiagnosed as seronegative arthritis. The classification for RS associated with CT infection is discussed. The simultaneous treatment of the infection in sexual partners is emphasized. PMID- 7291952 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen were studied in 7 volunteers and in 5 patients suffering from varying degrees of renal insufficiency. All the subjects received a single oral dose (50 mg) of ketoprofen. Plasma concentrations were measured up to 24 hours after administration and urinary excretion for 2 days. Ketoprofen concentrations were determined by mass-fragmentography with a minimum level of detection of 0.02 mg/l. As expected, a reduction of the [51Cr]EDTA clearance was correlated with an increase in the elimination half-life of ketoprofen. The urinary excretion corresponded to results reported by other groups. PMID- 7291953 TI - Spondylosis deformans and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in Finland. AB - A population study with 6-year follow-up of 6 167 persons aged over 30 was carried out in nine population groups in Southern Finland. Estimation of spondylosis and DISH (Diffuse Skeletal Hyperostosis) was made from lateral chest X-rays. Reliability coefficients (kappa) in the repeat reading of 1 025 films ranged between 0.60 and 0.76. 214 cases of newly developed DISH and 1 080 of spondylosis were observed. With the exception of 4 new cases, all cases of DISH had developed in persons who had had spondylosis at baseline or developed it during the follow-up. The sexual incidence of spondylosis was fairly similar, i.e. 4 cases per 100 person years in both. Prevalence and incidence of spondylosis were highest in rural areas, in persons with strenuous occupations and in the obese. Incidence of DISH was 0.7 cases per 100 person years in men and 0.4 in women. DISH was equally common in all types of population. It was not associated with arduousness of occupation. Obesity and-to a lesser degree diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance were associated with DISH. Neither condition was associated with elevated serum calcium, serum cholesterol or bacteriuria. The study supports the concept that DISH is epidemiologically and pathogenetically different from spondylosis deformans. PMID- 7291954 TI - Mandibular growth, temporomandibular joint changes and dental occlusion in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A 17-year follow-up study. AB - To evaluate the mandibular growth and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, a clinical and radiographic 17-year re-examination of 9 of 19 patients has been carried out. A varying degree of micrognathia (mandibular retrognathia, 'bird face') was observed by means of radiographic cephalometric analysis, at both the base-line and follow-up examination of 6 of the patients. No facial asymmetry was found. Rotation of the mandible in relation to the anterior cranial base during the follow-up period, observed in 5 of the 6 patients, indicated a further disturbance of mandibular growth. In 3 patients with mandibular rotation, a dental occlusion anomaly was observed. The TMJ revealed radiographic changes in 6 patients at the base-line examination and in all patients at the re-examination. Micrognathia and the dental occlusion anomaly were associated with radiographic TMJ changes. PMID- 7291955 TI - Osmic acid versus yttrium-90 in rheumatoid synovitis of the knee. AB - The effectiveness of osmic acid and yttrium-90 in the treatment of synovitis of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis is compared in 126 patients followed-up for 3 years. Ninety-one knees were injected with osmic acid and eighty-four knees with yttrium-90. Osmic acid appeared to be more effective than yttrium-90 throughout the period of the follow-up but the difference only reached statistical significance (p less than 0.05) at 3 years. Both therapies were well tolerated by patients and should be considered as an alternative to operative synovectomy. PMID- 7291956 TI - Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and spondylosis deformans as predictors of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. AB - The associations between DISH (diffuse skeletal Hyperostosis) and spondylosis deformans on the one hand and cardiovascular disease and cancer on the other were studied in a follow-up investigation of 6 167 persons in Finland. Mean duration of follow-up investigation of 6 167 persons in Finland. Mean duration of follow up was 6.3 years. Similar methods were employed in the baseline and follow-up examination. A finding of DISH or of spondylosis was based on a reading of lateral X-ray films. Age-adjusted incidence of hypertension, ECG findings suggesting coronary heart disease (CHD), CHD history, enlargement of the heart determined by interpretation of photofluorograms, digitalis medication, cerebrovascular incidents and a history of cancer were compared in persons with and without DISH/spondylosis and free of these conditions at baseline. A further analysis, in which the data were analysed separately for DISH and spondylosis present at baseline and cases which developed during follow-up, was also carried out. A slight association between DISH and spondylosis, and hypertension probably due to obesity was observed. According to several criteria degenerative heart disease (CHD, heart enlargement, digitalis use) was associated with DISH and spondylosis, particularly in men. An association with heart enlargement was observed with DISH but not with spondylosis. No associations with cerebrovascular accidents or cancer were observed, but the paucity of cases prevents definite conclusions. Thus, there were some difference between spondylosis and DISH with regard to risk of future cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7291957 TI - Capillary microscopy of the nailfold in psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The nailfold capillaries of 35 patients with psoriatic arthritis and 30 with rheumatoid arthritis were studied by capillary microscopy and the findings compared. Seventy healthy subjects served as controls. The pronounced subpapillary plexus visibility, greater number of vessels and their elongation are indicative of rheumatoid arthritis, while shorter, fewer capillaries and especially characteristic psoriatic capillaries, when present, suggest psoriatic arthritis. Sluggish blood flow, higher number of hemorrhages and higher subpappillary plexus visibility are common to both patient groups as opposed to the controls. PMID- 7291960 TI - [Sensitivity of Candida spp. to 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B and imidazoles. Antifongiogram of 120 strains isolated at the Vaudois University Hospital Center during the autumn-winter seasons of 1978 and 1980]. AB - 120 strains of Candida spp were tested against the antifungal agents 5 fluorocytosine, amphotericine B and the imidazoles econazole, miconazole and clotrimazole. The proportion of resistance varied with the species and substances: Candida albicans (100 strains): 4% resistance against 5 fluorocytosine, 1% against amphotericine B, no resistance to imidazoles; Candida tropicalis and C. pseudotropicalis (15 strains): 26.7% resistance to 5 fluorocytosine, 7.1% against amphotericine B, no resistance to imidazoles; Candida krusei (5 strains): no resistance to the antifungal agents. The correlation between the diameter measurements carried out at 2 dose levels of 5 fluorocytosine (1 and 100 micrograms) and of econazole (20 and 30 micrograms) was studied statistically and the validity of the experimental data established. PMID- 7291958 TI - Varying distribution of acetylation phenotypes in RA patients with and without Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The acetylator phenotype status was studied in 61 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), of whom 27 had associated Sjogren's syndrome (SS). The acetylation tests were carried out by means of isoniazid and in 24 patients also with the use of dapsone; there was complete agreement between the outcome of the two tests. The results showed that the frequency of slow acetylators in the whole material was 59%. In RA patients with SS, however, the frequency of slow acetylators was as great as 78%, while it was only 44% among patients without SS (p less than 0.02). Thus, there appears to exist a (pharmaco) genetic difference between RA patients with and without SS. In addition, toxicodermias were found to be more frequent in RA patients with than without SS (P less than 0.01). However, this could not be systematically correlated to slow acetylation. PMID- 7291959 TI - [Incidence and clinical manifestation of ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma after bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome (Nelson syndrome)]. AB - 29 out of 39 patients bilaterally adrenalectomized for pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome between 1958 and 1979 have been followed up at regular intervals. ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas were detected and removed in 9 of them up to 1981. In 4 additional patients an enlarged sella turcica was already found at the time they had Cushing's syndrome, and therefore they were first treated by pituitary surgery or radiotherapy. In the adrenalectomized patients hyperpigmentation was the major clinical symptoms of the adenoma. Only in three instances did extrasellar growth of the adenoma cause ophthalmoplegia or narrowing of the visual fields. The existence of intrasellar ACTH-producing microadenomas in 5 additional patients seems highly probable in view of hyperpigmentation, excessively elevated plasma ACTH concentrations and radiological evidence of sella deformations. These observations indicate that in patients adrenalectomized for pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome ACTH producing adenomas are more common than previously assumed. Moreover, according to recent reports, ACTH-producing microadenomas are frequently found in pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome and are assumed by many clinical endocrinologists to be the primary cause of this disease. Therefore, bilateral adrenalectomy is no longer the undisputed therapy of first choice and it is necessary in each individual case to consider carefully whether an attempt to remove selectively an ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma by microsurgery might not be preferable. PMID- 7291961 TI - [Biological availability of digoxin and beta-methyl-digoxin administered in the fasting state or after meals]. AB - Ten healthy volunteers were given 0.75 mg digoxin and 0.5 mg beta-methyl-digoxin (BMD) in tablet form in the fasting state or after breakfast. Serum concentrations and 24-hour urine excretion of glycoside were measured by radioimmunoassay. Neither the mean area under the serum concentration curve nor the mean cumulative urinary excretion was significantly changed by postprandial administration. Peak serum concentrations were higher when the subjects took the tablets while fasting than when they took them postprandially, but the difference was significant only for BMD. After BMD in the fed state the peak serum concentration was reached earlier and with less variation than after digoxin, but -- as after administration in the fasting state -- the differences were not significant. The peak serum concentration and the time when it is achieved are, as parameters for the rate of absorption, only of secondary importance for treatment with cardiac glycosides in medical practice. They suggest faster absorption of BMD compared with digoxin. Both the glycosides can be given equally well before, during or after food, a fact which facilitates prescription. PMID- 7291962 TI - [The pathogenesis of pulmonary edema after being buried by an avalanche]. AB - A case of pulmonary edema in a rescued avalanche victim is described. The pathogenesis of this complication involves respiratory and hemodynamic factors which are responsible for the development of a hydrostatic pressure gradient between capillaries and alveoli. The resulting transsudation requires some time after the victim has been buried and probably the appearance of pulmonary edema directly precedes death. This might be one of the reasons why pulmonary edema has rarely been observed. However, such an event can, theoretically, be considered part of the pathophysiological processes in buried avalanche victims. In addition to the usual emergency treatment, therapy should, in the light of this theoretical consideration, also be directed towards normalization of the pressure relationship. This can be accomplished by decreasing the pressure in the lung capillaries and increasing the pressure in the alveoli. PMID- 7291963 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid and food additive intolerance in urticaria, bronchial asthma and rhinopathy]. AB - Adverse reactions (urticaria, angio-edema, bronchoconstriction, purpura) to Aspirin (ASS) and food-and-drug additives such as the yellow dye tartrazine and the preservative benzoate are observed all over the world. Since the exact pathogenetic mechanisms of this condition is unknown, it is described as intolerance or pseudo-allergy and has been related to an imbalance of prostaglandin synthesis. Among 620 patients with urticaria, bronchial asthma or chronic rhinitis, oral provocation tests with ASS, tartrazine or benzoic acid revealed in 165 (26.6%) intolerance to ASS or additives. Frequency of intolerance to tartrazine varied between 6.1% in urticaria (n=308), 7.3% in asthma (n=96) and 14.5% in urticaria and asthma patients, while intolerance to benzoate varied from 2.5% in rhinitis (n=40) to 11.5% in asthma. More than two thirds of the intolerant patients were improved by an elimination diet and by the avoidance of "aspirin-like" drugs. More than one third of chronic urticaria patients became symptomfree. In Switzerland exact declaration of all food additives is urgently needed. Moreover, azo-dyes must no longer be used for colouring of drugs. PMID- 7291965 TI - [The development of artificial legs]. PMID- 7291964 TI - [The stability of blood glucose under physical stress in relation to carbohydrate reducing diet, alcohol and training]. PMID- 7291967 TI - Markov chain as a model of Hill's theory on circulation. AB - Establishing a model for various kinds of vivid metabolic systems of living organisms is an subject, uneasy but of great significance. Hill has constructed a theoretical framework for discussions of metabolic systems, such as active transport, muscle contraction, etc. The basic method of his framework is diagram calculation for the cycle flux on the metabolic cycles of those systems [2, 7] He has successively found that the result from diagram calculations agrees with the data of the numbers of completing different cycles given by random test (Monte Carlo test), but has not yet proved that the former is just the circulation rate in the sense of trajectory. In this paper, the model of a Markov chain is used to define the circulation rate in the sense of trajectories and, by deriving the remaining Markov chains, we calculate the expression of circulation rate which coincides with Hill's result obtained from diagrams. And hence we verify that Hill's cycle flux is equivalent to the circulation rate defined by trajectory. Besides, this paper establishes a connection between Hill's free energy of small systems and the potential of a Markov chain which is suggested by Hou Zhenting. PMID- 7291968 TI - A continuum theory of blood flow. AB - The mechanics of blood flow from a continuum point of view is considered. The basic laws of motion are reviewed and a set of constitutive equations appropriate for blood flow are derived. The thermodynamics of blood is studied and some restrictions on the coefficients of viscosity are derived. The theory allows for local variation of hematocrit in the flow and also indicates the possibility of supporting shear stress in zero shear rate. A simple free energy function is postulated and the basic equations of motion are derived and some special cases are discussed. PMID- 7291966 TI - [Influence of body weight reduction on physical capability]. PMID- 7291969 TI - Prosthetic surgery of the hip joint. PMID- 7291970 TI - Scanning electron microscopy and resin histology of large bowel biopsies. PMID- 7291971 TI - Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in medical patients by low-dose heparin. AB - A randomised trial was undertaken in one hundred patients with heart failure and/or chest infection to determine whether low-dose subcutaneous heparin induced the frequency of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the legs. Heparin, (5000 units 8 hourly) significantly reduced the frequency of DVT, diagnosed by the 125I fibrinogen scan technique, from 26 to 4 per cent (p less than 0.01). Heparin was started within 12 hours of admission to hospital and continued until the patient was fully mobile. Heparin did not cause bleeding problems except for a 20 per cent incidence of injection site bruising. We therefore recommend prophylaxis with low-dose subcutaneous heparin in patients with heart failure or chest infection who require more than three days bed rest. PMID- 7291972 TI - Road traffic accident related morbidity as seen in an accident and emergency department. AB - This paper describes some of the findings of a prospective study of victims of road traffic accidents arriving at the Western Infirmary's Accident and Emergency Department over a period of 12 months. More than half the accidents occurred during leisure hours thus likely to stretch the resource of the hospital services. More than a third of the total number of patients were young male drivers. Serious injuries were significantly more often sustained among pedestrians who were often older. Victims of motor-cycle accidents less often escaped serious injuries. Blood ethanol studies on a small sample suggested that male pedestrians were often highly intoxicated. A public health education programme is regarded as a primary measure in preventing a large proportion of serious morbidity and mortality especially amongst pedestrians. PMID- 7291973 TI - The assessment of continuing medical education. AB - There is a close link between audit of clinical competence and audit of continuing medical education. Some of the earlier assumptions about the organisation of continuing medical education need to be reviewed. The increasing provision of resources for continuing medical education by the NHS means that added safeguards are necessary to ensure that professional standards are not subordinated to service exigencies. The introduction of higher educational methodology into continuing medical education should be critically examined with awareness of the limitations and controversies concerning many methods of teaching and assessing educational outcome. The methodology of higher education may need to be substantially modified to suit the uniqueness of the clinical process and the problems of altering the behaviour of experienced and practising doctors. Criticism of behaviourist educational methods should be based on an understanding and knowledge of these methods. A new functional clinical educational domain is proposed which links educational methods with the clinical application of new learning. PMID- 7291974 TI - Acute hepatitis A infection in West Scotland. AB - In 1979, 43 cases of acute hepatitis A infection were diagnosed by the presence of hepatitis A specific IgM antibodies in acute phase sera. The majority (34) were in patients under 30 years with 13 in children under 10 years: 23 were males. Few cases occurred in the winter months, most in autumn, with a peak in September. A total of 17 cases had a history of recent travel abroad, and six of contact with a case of jaundice/hepatitis. There were 11 cases in members of the immigrant community. PMID- 7291975 TI - 45 years with Dalziel's (Crohn's) disease. PMID- 7291976 TI - Iatrogenic water intoxication in psychogenic polydipsia. PMID- 7291977 TI - General practice in rural Norway. PMID- 7291978 TI - Sair jynts and the clieks Scotland's new pests. PMID- 7291979 TI - Continuing medical education. PMID- 7291980 TI - Oak Ridge cancer treatments. PMID- 7291981 TI - Carcinogen testing: current problems and new approaches. AB - The classic procedures for testing potential carcinogens in animals have basically not changed in the past 50 years. Considerable knowledge of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis has accrued in the last 20 years, particularly concepts on the metabolic activation of chemicals to reactive electrophilic compounds that can interact with nucleophilic including DNA. These developments, in turn, have yielded a framework for integrating into carcinogen testing the determination of genetic effects of chemicals. A systematic decision point approach to carcinogen testing has been developed which entails a sequential decision-making process as specific tests are performed and evaluated prior to initiation of higher order, more complex tests. Compared to conventional bioassays in rodents, this approach provides knowledge based on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, yields a substantial amount of data at minimal cost, and forms a solid base for eventual heath risk assessment. PMID- 7291982 TI - Human-animal relationship under scrutiny. PMID- 7291983 TI - Gore investigates radiation clinic. PMID- 7291984 TI - Evolutionary history written in globin genes. PMID- 7291985 TI - An efference copy which is modified by reafferent input. AB - In electric fish of the mormyrid family, an efference copy is present in the brain region that receives afferent input from ampullary electroreceptors. The efference copy is elicited by the motor command to fire the electric organ. Its effect is always opposite that the ampullary afferents responding to the electric organ discharge, and it changes to match variations in this afferent input. It probably reduces the central effects of activity in ampullary receptors evoked by the electric organ discharge. PMID- 7291986 TI - Voltage clamp studies in macrophages from mouse spleen cultures. AB - Voltage clamp studies of macrophages from cultures of mouse spleen macrophages produced N-shaped steady-state current-voltage curves containing a region of negative slope resistance. Some macrophages exhibit two stable states of membrane potential, having current-voltage relationships that cross the voltage axis at three points. Outward currents that turn on at voltages of +15 millivolts or greater were noted in several cells. The addition of barium chloride to the bathing medium abolished the negative slope resistance and reduced the inward currents in response to hyperpolarizing voltage steps. These data provide direct evidence that macrophages exhibit at least tow different voltage-dependent conductances and demonstrate that voltage clamp techniques can be useful in studying the membrane properties of leukocytes. PMID- 7291987 TI - Direct electrical connections between transient amacrine cells in the catfish retina. AB - Transient amacrine cells were identified by their intracellularly recorded response to flashes of light. These cells typically respond with a transient depolarization, often followed by a steady-state response during the stimulus. When two electrodes were placed in different transient amacrine cells, current of either polarity passed through one electrode produced a steady-state voltage change that was recorded by the electrode in the nearby cell. Following identification of the physiological type, transient amacrine cells were injected with horseradish peroxidase and the tissue was processed for light and electron microscopy. Both conventional chemical synaptic junctions and gap junctions were found to connect amacrine cells. PMID- 7291988 TI - Choline stimulates nicotinic receptors on adrenal medullary chromaffin cells to induce catecholamine secretion. AB - Choline stimulated secretion of catecholamines from primary dissociated cultures of bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by interacting with nicotinic receptors. Secretion was readily detected at a choline concentration of 1 millimole per liter and was maximal at 3 to 10 millimoles per liter; it was completely calcium-dependent. Further analysis suggested that choline acts as a partial nicotinic agonist. PMID- 7291989 TI - Brain pyruvate dehydrogenase: phosphorylation and enzyme activity altered by a training experience. AB - The active portion of the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat frontal cortex was elevated after a training experience. No change in total pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was observed. The phosphorylation in vitro of pyruvate dehydrogenase (band F-2) was also elevated after training. Since activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase requires its dephosphorylation, the following sequence is proposed. Training alters frontal cortex and reduces the phosphate content of pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo; this leads to enzyme activation; and an increase in back-titration of sites available for phosphorylation in vitro. PMID- 7291990 TI - Questions about spatial adaptation of short-wavelength pathways in humans. PMID- 7291991 TI - EPA may be redefining toxic substances. PMID- 7291993 TI - Dietary restriction retards the age-associated loss of rat striatal dopaminergic receptors. AB - In male Wistar rats subjected to dietary restriction by alternate days of feeding and fasting the normal age-associated loss of striatal dopamine receptors in the brain was substantially retarded. The mean survival time of the rats on the restricted diet was increased by approximately 40 percent compared to control rats given free access to food. Dopamine receptor concentrations in striata of 24 month-old rats that had been on a restricted diet since weaning were 50 percent higher than those of control animals of the same age, and essentially comparable to 3- and 6-month-old control rats. PMID- 7291992 TI - Effect of indomethacin on intestinal tumors induced in rats by the acetate derivative of dimethylnitrosamine. AB - Over the course of 20 weeks, Sprague-Dawley rats developed intestinal tumors in response to an intraperitoneal injection of the acetate derivative of dimethylnitrosamine. The same agent did not induce tumors in Lobund-Wistar rats. The number of tumors was significantly smaller in rats given drinking water containing indomethacin (beginning 14 days after the injections) than in control rats given drug-free water. PMID- 7291994 TI - Induction of invagination in insect epithelium: paradigm for embryonic invagination. AB - The proposal that adhesive disparities between inpocketing populations of cells and surrounding epithelia drive epithelial invagination was tested in grafting experiments with moth pupal wing epithelium. Evidence exists that a cellular adhesiveness gradient spans the proximodistal axis of the wing. Although pupal wing cells normally do not invaginate or evaginate, epithelial folding can be induced after exchange of grafts from opposite ends of the proximodistal axis. The hypothesis that cytoskeletal elements are the primary agents in epithelial invagination should be reevaluated. PMID- 7291995 TI - The complement system of the nurse shark: hemolytic and comparative characteristics. AB - The complement system of the nurse shark was investigated. Six functionally pure components were isolated from a single serum sample. Sequential reactions of the components with sensitized sheep erythrocytes resulted in membrane lesions indistinguishable from the "holes" caused by guinea pig complement. PMID- 7291996 TI - DNA synthesis in cultured adult cardiocytes. AB - Trypsin-dissociated atrial cardiocytes from adult rats were exposed to [3H]thymidine for sequential 24-hour periods from day 2 to day 12 of culture. On day 3 and each day thereafter, cells were prepared for ultrastructural radioautography and examined with an electron microscope. Maximal incorporation occurred on day 5, when 63 percent of the cardiocytes were labeled. Mitotic activity was never present in more than 0.5 percent of the cardiocytes examined. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine and mitosis occurred only in immature cardiocytes characterized by subsarcolemmal primary filaments and Z bands with or without specific granules; more mature cardiocytes were never labeled. PMID- 7291997 TI - Cerebral cortex responds rapidly to thyroid hormones. AB - In rats subjected to thyroidectomy there was a two- to fourfold increase in cerebral cortex iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity within 24 hours. This increase was prevented by thyroxine replacement. The increased cortical 5' deiodinase in chronically hypothyroid rats was normalized within 4 hours by a single intravenous injection of triiodothyronine. These results indicate that the adult central nervous system can give a very rapid biochemical response to thyroid hormone. PMID- 7291998 TI - Persistent behavior at high rates maintained by intravenous self-administration of nicotine. AB - Squirrel monkeys pressed a level at high rates under a second-order schedule of reinforcement in which level pressing produced a brief visual stimulus that was occasionally contiguous with an intravenous injection of nicotine. The rate of lever pressing could be markedly reduced either by substituting saline for nicotine injections or by blocking the effects of nicotine with mecamylamine. The rate of level pressing could be reduced by eliminating the brief visual stimulus. These results show that nicotine can function as an effective reinforcer under a second-order schedule of drug self-administration and that an environmental stimulus associated with nicotine intake can contribute to the maintenance of persistent drug-seeking behavior. PMID- 7291999 TI - Ganglioside stimulation of axonal sprouting in vitro. AB - Bovine brain gangliosides were applied to primary and established neuronal cultures to examine the role of gangliosides in neuronal development. Media containing gangliosides enhanced the degree of axonal elongation exhibited by sensory ganglia neurons and increased the length and number of Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cell processes. Ganglioside-supplemented media caused a twofold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in both culture systems. These experiments suggest that gangliosides function as acceptor molecules for growth promoting substances in embryonic and tumor-derived neurons. PMID- 7292001 TI - Menarcheal age. PMID- 7292000 TI - Regeneration of neurites on long-term cultures of sympathetic neurons deprived of nerve growth factor. AB - Sympathetic neurons from newborn rats, cultured for 1 month or longer in the virtual absence of nonneuronal cells, were capable of regenerating neurites after neuritotomy. Regeneration occurred even after nerve growth factor was withdrawn from the cultures, although it was much less extensive and appeared limited to a few days following neuritotomy. Even after 29 days of nerve growth factor deprivation, reintroduction of the protein prompted a resumption of neurite growth. Possible roles of both nerve growth factor-independent and -dependent components in adult nerve regeneration are discussed. PMID- 7292002 TI - A response to creationism evolves. PMID- 7292004 TI - Buying time for "blue babies". PMID- 7292003 TI - EPA said to bar official from meeting. PMID- 7292006 TI - Intraventricular calcitonin inhibits gastric acid secretion. AB - Parenteral and intracerebroventricular administration of calcitonin in rats resulted in the suppression of gastric acid secretion. This suppression also occurred in rats with insulin-induced hypoglycemia and after the administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Intracerebroventricularly administered calcitonin was 1000 times more effective than parenterally administered calcitonin in suppressing gastric acid secretion. Calcitonin also inhibited the development of stress-induced ulcers in rats. PMID- 7292007 TI - Female sex pheromone in the skin and circulation of a garter snake. AB - Serums and extracts of tissues from the female garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) each act as a pheromone and elicit male courtship behavior when applied to the back of another male. Since pheromonal activity is present in yolk and liver tissue of untreated females and can be induced with estrogen treatment in the serums and livers of males, the pheromone may be associated with the circulating yolk lipoprotein, vitellogenin. PMID- 7292005 TI - In vivo carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of mammals. AB - Natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) from human arm and rat tissues have been observed in vivo. These signals arise primarily from triglycerides in fatty tissue. Carbon-13 NMR was also used to follow, in a living rat, the conversion of C-1-labeled glucose, which was introduced into the stomach, to C-1-labeled liver glycogen. The carbon-13 sensitivity and resolution obtained shows that natural abundance carbon-13 NMR will be valuable in the study of disorders in fat metabolism, and that experiments with substrates labeled with carbon-13 can be used to study carbohydrate metabolism in vivo. PMID- 7292008 TI - Central noradrenergic pathways for the integration of hypothalamic neuroendocrine and autonomic responses. AB - Immunohistochemical and axonal transport methods were used to describe the organization of a series of central noradrenergic pathways that interrelate the nucleus of the solitary tract, which receives primary visceral sensory information, and the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, which participate in autonomic and neuroendocrine modes of homeostatic control. The results indicate that pathways arising from noradrenergic cells in the dorsal vagal complex, the ventrolateral medulla, and the locus coeruleus end in specific subdivisions of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei which are involved in the regulation of responses from the pituitary gland and from both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This circuitry may play an important role in the integration of hypothalamic responses to visceral stimuli. PMID- 7292009 TI - Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease by digital subtraction angiography. AB - Recent advances in real-time digital video processing have led to a practical method for intravenous arteriography. The digital subtraction technique, which detects small differences in the concentration of the iodinated contrast material injected, is relatively safe and does not usually require hospitalization of the patient. The technique can thus be used for serial evaluation of various clinical problems and for studying the natural history of certain disease processes, as well as for following therapeutic endeavors. PMID- 7292010 TI - Genes regulated through chromatin structure. PMID- 7292011 TI - Heparin facilitates the extraction of tissue fibronectin. AB - Extraction of fibronectin from two human tissues, lung parenchyma and placental villi, was facilitated by the incorporation of heparin into extraction media. The effect of heparin was additive to the effect of urea which is known to extract fibronectin. These experiments provide further evidence that fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans are associated in connective tissues and the use of heparin forms the basis for a simple method for extraction and quantitation of tissue fibronectin. PMID- 7292012 TI - Detection of circulating metallothionein in rats injected with zinc or cadmium. AB - Circulating metallothionein was measured by radioimmunoassay over a 13-day period in male Sprague-Dawley rats that received a sequence of three intraperitoneal injections (at 3-day intervals) of either 5 milligrams of zinc or 0.8 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of body weight. These amounts of zinc and cadmium produced metallothionein concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 nanograms per milliliter of serum (zinc) and 2 to 15 nanograms per milliliter of serum (cadmium). In control rats given saline injections over the same period the metallothionein concentration ranged from 1 to 3 nanograms per milliliter of serum. PMID- 7292013 TI - Different command neurons select different outputs from a shared premotor interneuron of crayfish tail-flip circuitry. AB - In the crayfish a bilateral pair of interneurons (the 13's) are involved in the generation of two types of tail-flip escape responses, one mediated by giant neurons and the other by nongiant circuitry. The 13's make a variety of output connections with the motoneurons and with other interneurons involved in tail flipping. The motoneuronal outputs include strong synapses on telson flexor motoneurons, whose activity during tail flips mediated by lateral giant fibers would be maladaptive. The lateral giants always drive the 13's, but also drive inhibitory neurons that prevent the undesirable outputs of the 13's while permitting their adaptive outputs to be expressed. It is often adaptive for tail flips initiated by nongiant circuitry to utilize the telson flexor muscles that 13 strongly excites. During such tail flips 13 is often fired, and this firing is important in driving the telson flexors. PMID- 7292014 TI - Spatial frequency columns in primary visual cortex. AB - Using the activity-dependent 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose technique, we have demonstrated a columnar organization of spatial frequency--specific sensitivity in striate cortex. Cats viewing patterns containing a single spatial frequency presented at all orientations show columns of increased deoxyglucose uptake extending through all cortical layers. A control stimulus containing all spatial frequencies presented at all orientations produces no columnar density differences within the striate cortex. PMID- 7292015 TI - Individual hippocampal mossy fiber distribution in mice correlates with two-way avoidance performance. AB - Mice systematically bred for randomization of their genotype show large individual differences when performing a two-way avoidance task (shuttle-box learning). Their behavioral scores correlate strongly (r = -0.80, P less than .01) with the number of mossy fibers synapsing on basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, poor avoiders having relatively more such terminals. This confirms previous findings showing that rat and mouse strains known for genetically dependent poor avoidance learning have extended intra- and infrapyramidal mossy fiber projections. PMID- 7292016 TI - Melatonin: identification of sites of antigonadal action in mouse brain. AB - Long-term implants releasing a small quantity of melatonin (45 nanograms per day) were used to determine the brain sites of the hormone's antigonadal action in a photoperiodic species, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Implants in the medial preoptic and supra- and retrochiasmatic areas elicited completed gonadal regression after 7 weeks. Implants in other brain regions had little effect on the animals' reproductive state. PMID- 7292017 TI - Optimization theory fails to predict performance of pigeons in a two-response situation. AB - Optimization theory states that organisms behave in a way that maximizes reinforcement or "value." In a two-response situation, pigeons' response proportions approximately equaled reinforcement proportions, even when this behavior pattern substantially decreased the rate of reinforcement. Optimization or reinforcement maximization was not supported as the basic mechanism underlying choice behavior. PMID- 7292018 TI - Acute rheumatic fever in adults over the age of 45 years: an analysis of 23 patients together with a review of the literature. AB - The natural history of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in adults has been studied from an analysis of 23 patients together with a review of a further 466 published cases. In contrast to the picture in juvenile ARF, in our patients (average age 55 yr), only arthritis (83%) and carditis (35%) were major criteria for the diagnosis. All patients had at least 3 minor criteria. To summarize, 39% of the patients, average age 56 yr were seen in their initial attack of ARF. In those patients with a previous history of rheumatic fever, the mean interval between the index attack and the first illness was 20.5 yr. Contact with young children appeared to be an important predisposing factor. None had an ESR of less than 50 mm in the first hour, even in the presence of cardiac failure. Findings in the acute illness included anemia (70%), hyperglobulinemia (70%), urinary sediment (66%), and hypercalcemia in 7 out of 12 cases. The response to treatment was good and only 1 patient of 13 followed-up developed a new valvular lesion. A survey of the literature shows that attacks of ARF may occur at any age; death in the acute episode is rare and occurs only in patients with severe preexisting valvular disease with congestive failure. The problem of diagnosing active carditis in the presence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is discussed. While juvenile ARF may be overdiagnosed, the diagnosis may be missed in the adult rheumatic patient whose cardiac state inexplicably deteriorates. In such patients evidence for a preceding streptococcal infection should be sought. Patients with a high risk of developing ARF include those with carditis in previous attacks, with preexistent RHD, and with several children in the family. These factors should be considered when advising on the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis. PMID- 7292019 TI - Cardiac complications of Wegener granulomatosis: a case report of complete heart block and review of the literature. AB - Wegener granulomatosis is a necrotizing vasculitis whose target organs are classically the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. There has been other end-organ involvement documentation, emphasizing the disseminated nature of this disease, but the literature concerning cardiac involvement is limited. The few case reports and general reviews show that the two most common histologic cardiac manifestations are pericarditis and coronary arteritis, each occurring in 50% of the reported cases. The most frequent clinical manifestation is cardiac arrhythmias that are manifested as supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. We report an unusual cardiac manifestation, a case of complete heart block, occurring during the active stage of Wegener granulomatosis. The problem this case presented and the management are reported. The literature dealing with the cardiac involvement in Wegener granulomatosis is reviewed, and the specific histopathologic findings and the pathophysiologic mechanisms of this involvement are discussed. PMID- 7292020 TI - Advances in the use of therapeutic pheresis for the management of rheumatic diseases. AB - Twenty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 3 with seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, 4 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 4 with psoriatic arthritis have undergone therapeutic pheresis at our institution over the last 3 yr. Lymphoplasmapheresis appears to be the most effective form of pheresis in treating rheumatoid arthritis. After achieving a remission with 20 treatments performed in 11 wk, a flare may be preventable by pheresing patients 3 times a week every 6 wk provided the patient is on a concomitant, long-acting agent. Therapeutic pheresis has been disappointing in seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Life-threatening complications of systemic lupus erythematosus may respond dramatically to pheresis. In treating less severe disease on a long-term basis, pheresis has demonstrated excellent steroid sparing properties. Nonspondylytic psoriatic arthritis responds slowly to pheresis, but arthritic remissions may be prolonged, even though skin response is variable. Experience in the use of pheresis for treating these diseases has allowed for the development of criteria for deciding whether to institute such therapy as an adjunct to more standard modes of treatment for individual patients. Also, a variety of "technical" factors can influence the outcome of therapy, and these must be managed appropriately. Therapeutic pheresis is a promising tool for investigating and treating rheumatic diseases. PMID- 7292022 TI - Radiology of postnatal skeletal development. IV. Distal radius and ulna. AB - Thirty-one pairs of distal radioulnar units were obtained from human cadavers ranging in age from full-term neonates to fourteen years. These were studied morphologically and radiographically. Specimen roentgenography using air/cartilage interfacing demonstrated the osseous and cartilaginous portions of the epiphyses. These roentgenographic aspects of development are discussed and illustrated to provide a reference index. The radial and ulnar physeal/metaphyseal contours initially are transverse. Progressively the distal radius develops a proximally directed curve adjacent to the radioulnar joint. Both physes subsequently develop a convex contour with mild undulations, and a central concavity associated with the secondary ossification center. Longitudinal ossification striations were observed crossing the distal ulnar physis. These appear to be normal. At no time during postnatal development did the distal ulna ever articulate directly with the carpus. It was always separated by a segment of triangular fibrocartilage connecting the ulnar styloid to the distal radial epiphysis. This was never perforated. This discoid cartilaginous structure is the anatomic cause of the concomitancy of ulnar styloid fractures with distal radial epiphyseal injuries, an injury pattern which may occur prior to ossification in the ulnar styloid, and which may lead to non-union of the styloid when ossification eventually occurs. In none of the specimens was an accessory ossification center present in either the radial or ulnar styloid process. PMID- 7292021 TI - Injury to the growth mechanisms of the immature skeleton. AB - A new classification scheme of physeal and epiphyseal injuries is proposed. This is based partially on the Salter-Harris system, but additionally details subclassifications that relate to specific injury patterns. Furthermore, four other growth mechanism injury patterns not included in the previous systems are presented. It is hoped that this new, more detailed scheme will further our understanding of physeal/epiphyseal fractures, will aid in radiologic recognition, and will allow better estimation of prognosis for normal or abnormal growth. PMID- 7292023 TI - Large joint destruction in erosive osteoarthritis. PMID- 7292024 TI - Stress fractures of the femoral neck: a scintigraphic sign for early diagnosis. AB - Two patients with hip pain are presented; both patients were on steroid therapy. The diagnosis of a stress fracture was initially missed because the patients were not exceedingly active and the plain roentgenograms were essentially normal. The bone scan demonstrated a discretely localized area of increased radionuclide uptake in the femoral neck, which alerted us to the correct diagnosis. This scintigraphic sign is helpful in arriving at an early diagnosis and preventing prolonged disability. PMID- 7292025 TI - Guitar player acro-osteolysis. PMID- 7292026 TI - Ischemic necrosis of the contralateral hip as a possible complication of untreated congenital hip dislocation. PMID- 7292027 TI - Duplication of the clavicle. PMID- 7292028 TI - Case report 156. PMID- 7292029 TI - Case report 157. PMID- 7292030 TI - Case report 158. PMID- 7292031 TI - Case report 159. PMID- 7292032 TI - Case report 160. PMID- 7292033 TI - Case report 161. PMID- 7292034 TI - Determinants of fertility in Guatemala. AB - The 1978 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey for Guatemala provides an opportunity to examine fertility levels and a number of determinants of fertility for three broad segments of the country: the Department of Guatemala and, in the remainder of the country, the Ladino and Indian populations. While Ladinos had a much higher rate of contraceptive use than did Indians, the two groups had similar birth rates. The lack of difference in fertility appears to be due to the pattern of prolonged breastfeeding among Indians and perhaps to differences in the rate of conception due to nutrition, coital frequency, or other factors. PMID- 7292035 TI - General causal models for sex differences in the familial transmission of multifactorial traits: an application to human spatial visualizing ability. AB - A general multifactorial model is given for the inheritance of traits that exhibit a sexual dimorphism. The model allows for polygenic inheritance, cultural transmission, phenotypic assortative mating, and a common environment of rearing. Several cultural mechanisms are described for which transmission from parent to offspring is sex-dependent and for which many different patterns of sex-specific correlations can result. A special case of the general model is described in which phenotypic differences between males and females are due only to differences in nontransmissible environmental factors and/or genetic factors that do not contribute to variability within a sex. Application of these models to human spatial visualizing ability, using data reported by others, gives an estimate of 45 per cent for the proportion of the variance that is accounted for by transmissible factors. Neither an X-linked hypothesis nor a sex-specific cultural mechanism is required to explain the transmission of spatial ability. PMID- 7292036 TI - Hereditary genius: a centennial problem in resolution of cultural and biological inheritance. AB - Galton believed that his data on hereditary genius support purely genetic inheritance. On the contrary, analysis under a simple model shows no clear resolution of genetic and cultural inheritance in this material, or generally, unless adoptive relations, monozygous twins, and/or environmental indices are included in a design adequate to test the assumptions under which they are informative. PMID- 7292037 TI - Simulation of the effects of changing population size on the genetic structure of Western Ireland. AB - During the 1800's, the population of Ireland underwent a rapid increase and subsequent decrease in population size. The effects of this change upon population structure were assessed using a simulation of the isolation by distance model and comparing the results to those obtained assuming constant population size. These results indicate that changes in within-group genetic similarity (kinship) brought about by a rapid increase in population size are cancelled by the effects of a rapid decrease in population size. Parameters of the isolation by distance model are hardly affected by population size changes. These results suggest that violation of the assumption of constant population size for population structure models may not be that serious when population size changes rapidly and in both directions. PMID- 7292038 TI - Effects of fertility and mortality on extinction of family and number of living children. AB - A model is developed to study the effects of fertility and mortality on number of living children and on extinction of family. Numerical illustrations are provided by applying the model to three different populations differing in fertility and mortality. It is found that a combination of a high birth rate and a low death rate is required to assure a reasonable probability that the family will not ultimately become extinct. A moderate to high birth rate and a low death rate are necessary to assure that there will be at least one surviving son in the parents' old age. This finding implies that zero population growth is impossible as long as parents depend on children for old age security. Thus, alternate old age security measures must be adopted by societies attempting to reduce their birth rate to the replacement level. PMID- 7292039 TI - The effect of variable progeny size and social selection on the population dynamics of rare lethal genes. PMID- 7292040 TI - The psychological paradigm shift in genetic counseling. PMID- 7292041 TI - Changes in sexual desire after voluntary sterilization. PMID- 7292042 TI - The effect of social selection due to familial mental retardation on the marriage frequency of normal individuals. PMID- 7292044 TI - Longevity: some familial correlates. PMID- 7292043 TI - Assortative mate choice and mating opportunity on Sanday, Orkney Islands. PMID- 7292045 TI - Socioeconomic development and mortality levels in less developed countries. PMID- 7292046 TI - Inbreeding and ecological change: an isonymic analysis of secular trends in a Tyneside Parish over three centuries. PMID- 7292047 TI - [Murders committed in the Western Bohemian region from 1969 to 1979]. PMID- 7292048 TI - [Determination of carbon monoxide in the bood by a microdiffusion method and its use with putrescent and dried blood]. PMID- 7292049 TI - Penicillamine toxicity. PMID- 7292050 TI - Seat belt use and automobile safety counseling by pediatricians. AB - Safety restraints have proven effective in the prevention of serious automobile injuries and deaths, but safety education has been ineffective in getting consumers to use restraints. We surveyed the personal and counseling practices of a group of pediatricians over a one-year period to determine whether prenatal and postpartum safety education of parents influenced the pediatricians' own use of car restraints and their counseling practices. Seventy-two percent of participating pediatricians reported that they always or often wore restraints, but usage had not increased at the conclusion of the study. Seventy percent of pediatricians stated that they provided safety counseling in the prenatal and postpartum periods and during health examinations. There was a strong correlation between personal seat belt usage and frequency of counseling. PMID- 7292051 TI - Clinical application of decision analysis. PMID- 7292052 TI - Surgical and pathologic aspects of asbestosis. AB - We studied 12 patients with occupational exposure to asbestos to evaluate the pulmonary diseases that result from protracted exposure to this fibrogenic and oncogenic fiber. The spectrum of diseases includes diffuse interstitial fibrosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, and malignant mesothelioma. Cigarette smoking is found to be a cocarcinogen with asbestos. Because of the impairment of pulmonary function in these patients, surgery plays a limited role in their management. PMID- 7292053 TI - Analysis of patients referred to the gastroenterology service of a VA medical center. AB - We recorded clinical information over a 12-month period on consecutive consultations to the gastroenterology service of the Durham VA Medical Center. Of 902 consultations, 789 were prospectively collected. Eighty-five percent of the patients were between 40 and 70 years old. Seventy-five percent of the referrals were from the internal medicine service. The most frequent reasons for consultation were abdominal pain (19%), GI bleeding (active, 16%; occult, 9%), abnormal results of liver tests (18%), and request for a procedure (11%). Diseases of the liver (32%) and "peptic diseases" (30%) were the most common diagnoses. One or more procedures were done in 71% of consultations. When these data are compared with those of a practicing gastroenterologist, using an identical instrument, it is apparent that trainees' experience with structurally identifiable gastroenterologic disease and with a variety of procedures was similar in scope. There were, however, differences in that the physicians at the VA saw substantially fewer patients with so-called "functional" illness. If these data are applicable to other VA Medical Centers, then the training of physicians in gastroenterology at a VA Medical Center should probably be broadened. PMID- 7292054 TI - Geriatric asthma: treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. PMID- 7292055 TI - Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal masses. PMID- 7292056 TI - Hyperlipoproteinemia, hyperinsulinism, and Meniere's disease. AB - Since first reporting the association of hyperlipoproteinemia with inner ear disease in a study of 300 patients in 1973, I have continued to focus attention on the presence of lipid abnormalities in patients with inner ear dysfunction. With over 1,400 patients now identified with both abnormal lipids and inner ear symptoms, it has become increasingly apparent that most patients seen by otolaryngologists because of Meniere's disease come from that same large population group who are prone to obesity, maturity-onset diabetes, coronary artery disease, and atherosclerosis. These patients share the common problem of being unable to handle refined carbohydrates well. Based on the reports and studies of many authorities, a hyperinsulinism exists in these conditions. These patients are helped by replacing refined carbohydrates with complex carbohydrates having increased fiber. When these conditions can be identified in patients with Meniere's disease, dietary management has been found to be the most effective therapy. PMID- 7292057 TI - Overdiagnosis of temporal arteritis. AB - Temporal arteritis is not a common disease, but it is often incorrectly diagnosed in elderly patients with a high ESR and pain in the temporal area. Such an incorrect diagnosis can subject the patient to needless biopsy and the serious side effects of therapy with large doses of prednisone. When temporal arteritis is suspected yet presentation is atypical, careful consideration should be given to ENT and neurologic examination, and even psychiatric evaluation. Temporal artery biopsy should be done on the tender side, with multiple serial sections. A negative biopsy does not rule out temporal arteritis. Therapy should not be deferred until biopsy results are reported. It consists of 40 to 60 mg of prednisone daily for at least four to six weeks with a gradual decrease thereafter. PMID- 7292058 TI - A clinical review of small bowel neoplasms. AB - Small bowel neoplasms represent 3% to 6% of all gastrointestinal tumors and less than 1% of all malignancies. Of 92 cases of small bowel tumor seen between 1950 and 1978, 26% were benign and 74%, malignant. The symptoms and signs are related to the specific disease. Of the malignant neoplasms, 38% were carcinoid; 33%, adenocarcinoma; 14%, leiomyosarcoma; 11%, lymphosarcoma; and 4%, others. The average time of survival for the malignant group was 16 months. The advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis is thought to be the reason for the generally poor prognosis. Attention to vague symptoms and an aggressive diagnostic evaluation are important if survival is to be improved. PMID- 7292059 TI - Revision of the first web space: technics and results. AB - Between 1975 and 1980, 91 patients in our series with involvement of 103 webs had revision of a contracted first web space. The five main causes of impairment were burns, trauma, congenital defects, cerebral palsy, and cerebrovascular accident. Technics used were simple Z-plasty; four-flap Z-plasty; modified double-opposing Z-plasty; and rotational flaps from the dorsum of the thumb, index finger, or hand. No pedicled, tubed, or distant flaps were needed. Simple Z-plasty was sufficient for increases to 1 cm; for greater increases a modified double opposing Z-plasty or local rotational flap was necessary. The modified double opposing Z gave excellent depth. Release of all contracting elements and addition of sufficient supple skin to the web are required for success. PMID- 7292060 TI - Methylmethacrylate seeks an appeal. AB - We measured hemodynamic and respiratory parameters before and after applying methylmethacrylate (MMC) to acetabular and femoral sites during neuroleptanesthesia and prosthetic hip surgery. No significant major changes were documented. Previously reported adverse effects probably have been due to medullary emboli, humoral responses, or a negative action of MMC on the cardiovascular system when used in conjunction with a potent inhalation anesthetic agent. PMID- 7292061 TI - Dementia: a treatable syndrome? PMID- 7292062 TI - Outpatient evaluation of mental health care. PMID- 7292063 TI - Serologic tests for syphilis. PMID- 7292064 TI - Citywide neonatal program. PMID- 7292065 TI - Forearm plethysmography in normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women. AB - Forearm plethysmography affords a simple noninvasive method of studying dynamic changes in the microcirculation. This technic was used to study the peripheral circulation of normotensive nongravid women and normotensive and untreated hypertensive pregnant women during the third trimester. The variables of forearm blood flow, vascular resistance, venous capacitance, and capillary filtration coefficient were measured in the resting state and during and after exercise. The pregnant women demonstrated an increase in forearm blood flow over the nonpregnant women. As expected, vascular resistance was higher in the hypertensive pregnant patients than in normotensive pregnant women. The possible predictive value of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7292066 TI - Breech delivery: impact of increasing cesarean section delivery. AB - We present a retrospective analysis of neonatal outcome and maternal morbidity in the delivery of 192 infants presenting by the breech position, weighing more than 1,000 gm, and exhibiting fetal heart tones upon admission. All of the deliveries occurred between Jan 1, 1975 and Dec 31, 1978. Over the study period the cesarean section rate increased from 35.9% to 73.3%, and maternal morbidity increased from 17.9% to 35.0%. Maternal morbidity in the cesarean section group in 1978 was 41%. Three of the four neonatal deaths were attributed to anomalies group in 1978 was 41%. Three of the four neonatal deaths were attributed to anomalies incompatible with life, and the fourth was due to severe respiratory distress syndrome in a markedly premature infant. Traumatic neonatal morbidity occurred almost exclusively in the vaginally delivered group with only one case of traumatic morbidity in the cesarean section group. Apgar scores of the infants weighing less than 2,500 gm were significantly improved in the cesarean section group (P less than .01), but no significant difference was seen in the five-minute Apgar score in the infants weighing more than 2,500 gm. PMID- 7292067 TI - Vancomycin-induced neutropenia. PMID- 7292069 TI - Vocal cord paralysis after endotracheal anesthesia. PMID- 7292068 TI - Rapid development of aplastic anemia after intravenous chloramphenicol and cimetidine therapy. PMID- 7292070 TI - An unusual case of chronic ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7292071 TI - Hyperthyrocalcitoninemia in toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 7292072 TI - Variant ventricular tachycardia in desipramine toxicity. AB - We report a case of variant ventricular tachycardia induced by desipramine toxicity. Unusual features of the arrhythmia are repetitive group beating, progressive shortening of the R-R interval, progressive widening of the QRS complex with eventual failure of intraventricular conduction, and changes in direction of the QRS axis. Recognition of variant ventricular tachycardia is important because therapy differs from that of classic ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7292073 TI - Diagnostic errors in polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. AB - Incomplete clinical response or persistence of a rapid ESR despite corticosteroid treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica or temporal arteritis should always arouse suspicion and prompt a search for other diagnoses. Lumbar spinal stenosis and Pancoast's tumor are two unusual entities that can complicate or compete for the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis. PMID- 7292074 TI - Spontaneous remission in hypertrophic gastropathy (Menetrier's disease). PMID- 7292075 TI - Stone formation on silk suture after choledochoduodenostomy. PMID- 7292076 TI - Bupivacaine: preferred agent for intravenous regional anesthesia? PMID- 7292077 TI - Color television in gastrointestinal endoscopy. AB - Endoscopic color television is a practical method of recording gastrointestinal pathology and procedures. Nevertheless, a careful MEDLARS review of the medical literature failed to reveal a mention of this method during the past ten years. The endoscopic procedure can be recorded to illustrate many features not possible with still pictures. While particularly useful in teaching endoscopy, it is also useful for demonstrating pathologic findings to interested physicians, patients, and relatives. Television recording requires meticulous attention to details of lighting, focus, and cleansing of areas to be photographed and of the instrument objective, but results may well be superior to other means of photography in gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 7292079 TI - Inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 7292078 TI - Penicillamine-induced polymyositis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7292080 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage interpreted as CNS infection. PMID- 7292081 TI - Minoxidil therapy for advanced renal failure in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 7292082 TI - The danger of throat cultures. PMID- 7292083 TI - [Community health trends and the tasks in their study]. PMID- 7292084 TI - [Current social hygiene problems of maternal and child welfare]. PMID- 7292085 TI - [Social medicine aspects of health protection for the population of Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7292086 TI - [The scientific and technical revolution and social hygiene problems of gerontology]. PMID- 7292087 TI - [Public health and community health problems in a developed socialist society]. PMID- 7292088 TI - [Sociological study data for an investigation of working and living conditions of chief physicians of district hospitals and outpatient clinics in rural localities]. PMID- 7292089 TI - [Academic and methodological support for interns studying the principles of ambulatory and polyclinic care for surgical patients]. PMID- 7292090 TI - [Improved management of public health and medical science and increased medical care efficiency and quality for the population of the Latvian SSR]. PMID- 7292091 TI - [Clinicoepidemiological analysis of ECG ischemic reactions to physical loading in men]. PMID- 7292092 TI - [Diagnostic significance of coughs resistant to therapy]. PMID- 7292093 TI - [Body inflammatory reaction in suppurative surgical infections against a background of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7292094 TI - [Extraperitoneal cesarean section]. PMID- 7292096 TI - [Rehabilitation of burn patients]. PMID- 7292095 TI - [Ultrasonic aerosol therapy of chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7292097 TI - [Pancreatic cystadenoma with malignant degeneration]. PMID- 7292098 TI - [Characteristics of vascular tonus and tissue disorders for assessing the severity and therapy of hypertensive crises]. PMID- 7292100 TI - [d-Xylose absorption in chronic lead poisoning]. PMID- 7292099 TI - [Roentgenocardiometry in the acute stage of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7292101 TI - [The problem of causality in pathology]. PMID- 7292102 TI - [Nephroptosis and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7292103 TI - [Catecholaminergic mechanisms of epilepsy]. PMID- 7292104 TI - [Characteristics of symptomatic autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7292105 TI - [EEG dynamics in the hemosorption treatment of cholestasis complicated by hepatocerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 7292106 TI - [Ways of correcting microcirculatory and bioenergetic disorders in the tissues in burn patients]. PMID- 7292107 TI - [Liquid crystal thermography in the diagnosis of adhesive peritoneal disease]. PMID- 7292108 TI - [Neutrophil phagocytic function in suppurative surgical infection]. PMID- 7292109 TI - [Hemostatic factors in granulation tissue in suppurative wounds]. PMID- 7292110 TI - [Treatment procedure in asthmatic states]. PMID- 7292111 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 7292112 TI - [Effect of body posture on pulmonary shunt and blood oxygenation in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7292113 TI - [Characteristics of stenosing and perforating duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7292114 TI - [Prolonged regional arterial therapy in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7292115 TI - [Seasonal rhythm of cardiac loading tolerance and of immune reactivity in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7292116 TI - [Craniocerebral hypothermia in obstetrics]. PMID- 7292117 TI - [Use of cerucal and galanthamine in the x-ray diagnosis of stomach and duodenal diseases]. PMID- 7292118 TI - [Problems of the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 7292119 TI - [Hereditary nature of the myocardial lesion in myopathies]. PMID- 7292120 TI - [Role of the blood kinin system in regulating basic stomach functions]. PMID- 7292121 TI - [Incidence of chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7292122 TI - [The hemostatic system in urology patients before and after surgery]. PMID- 7292123 TI - [Characteristics of the interrelation between individual lipid fractions in young myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 7292124 TI - [Pathogenesis of microcirculatory disorders in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7292125 TI - [Early thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7292126 TI - [Lipid and protein components of plasma lipoproteins in coronary arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7292127 TI - [Rheoencephalography in a program of prophylactic medical examinations of the population]. PMID- 7292128 TI - [Postgraduate training of gastroenterologists]. PMID- 7292129 TI - [Treatment of the bronchi with drug electrophoresis in protracted and chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7292130 TI - [Pregnancy and labor management procedure with women who have undergone lung resections]. PMID- 7292131 TI - [Clinical characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy depending on the thyroid function]. PMID- 7292132 TI - [Polychemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease under ambulatory conditions]. PMID- 7292134 TI - [Occasional common bile duct and pancreatic duct injuries during gastrectomy]. PMID- 7292133 TI - [Work capacity after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7292135 TI - [Immunological reactivity of the body in pyoderma in workers of the eastern zone of the Baikal-Amur Railroad]. PMID- 7292136 TI - [Gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma of the ovaries in a woman with primary amenorrhea]. PMID- 7292137 TI - [Calcium gluconate in the pathogenetic treatment of Salmonella infection]. PMID- 7292138 TI - [Case of long-term intratracheal intubation in familial idiopathic angioneurotic edema]. PMID- 7292139 TI - [Development of squamous cell carcinoma in the wall of a cyst formed around a foreign body in the soft tissues of the hip]. PMID- 7292141 TI - [Alcohol and the lungs]. PMID- 7292140 TI - [Effect of various methods of treatment of obesity on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system and thyroid function]. PMID- 7292142 TI - [Regional blood flow in aortic coarctation in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7292143 TI - [Clinical course and diagnosis of tumor-like brain diseases]. PMID- 7292144 TI - [Peptic ulcer associated with reflux esophagitis and its treatment]. PMID- 7292145 TI - [Principles of early diagnosis of malignant tumors]. PMID- 7292146 TI - [Morphological characteristics of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7292147 TI - [State of the digestive and absorptive functions in typhoid]. PMID- 7292148 TI - [Histoautoradiographic control of the healing of chronic stomach ulcers]. PMID- 7292150 TI - [Cyclopropane in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors]. PMID- 7292152 TI - [Aerosols and electro-aerosols in the treatment of nonspecific respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7292151 TI - [Platelet function in cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7292153 TI - [Epiphysis (pineal body) under normal and pathological conditions]. PMID- 7292149 TI - [Activated chemoluminescence of the plasma in purulent infections]. PMID- 7292154 TI - [Methods of preventive examinations of family members of patients with rheumatic fever]. PMID- 7292155 TI - [Objective control of students' knowledge of pathological anatomy at a medical school]. PMID- 7292156 TI - [Cardiovascular function in coronary disease depending on the type of patients' occupations]. PMID- 7292157 TI - [Current theories on the etiology and basic principles of the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7292158 TI - [Prevention of tonsillitis and acute respiratory diseases by using dry immunostimulating aerosols]. PMID- 7292159 TI - [The effect of emergency microsurgery in penetrating injuries of the eye on visual acuity in children]. PMID- 7292160 TI - [Radioactive iodine in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma]. PMID- 7292161 TI - [Sensory nerve conduction velocity of the median and ulnar nerves in children with cheilognathopalatoschisis]. PMID- 7292162 TI - [An epidemic of Q fever in Serbia in the village of Azanja near Smerdevska Palanka]. PMID- 7292163 TI - [Psychodynamic aspects of the father's presence at birth]. PMID- 7292164 TI - [Severe abdominal injuries treated at our department]. PMID- 7292166 TI - [Proximal and distal epiphysiolysis occurring during delivery]. PMID- 7292165 TI - [Conn's syndrome treated with unilateral adrenalectomy]. PMID- 7292167 TI - [International medical terminology]. PMID- 7292168 TI - [Cancer statistics in Serbia]. PMID- 7292169 TI - [The significance of blood protein fraction levels in the subretinal fluid and serum in patients operated on for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7292170 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of an inadequately described immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 7292171 TI - [Preliminary results of control studies on the risk factors in coronary disease]. PMID- 7292172 TI - [The role of the Pfannenstiel technic in gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 7292173 TI - [Acquired toxoplasmosis as a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 7292174 TI - [Diagnosis of fever of unknown origin (paracancerous syndrome)]. PMID- 7292175 TI - [Pitfalls during the surgical treatment of pheochromocytoma and its recurrence]. PMID- 7292176 TI - [Surgical treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis]. PMID- 7292177 TI - [Repeated surgery of esophageal reflux]. PMID- 7292178 TI - [Dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure during the postoperative period in different pathological conditions of the intracranial space]. PMID- 7292179 TI - [Injuries of the nerves accessorius]. PMID- 7292180 TI - [Case report of a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome and occipito-cervical meningocele]. PMID- 7292181 TI - [Calcinosis intervertebralis juvenilis]. PMID- 7292182 TI - [Skull fractures in growing children]. PMID- 7292183 TI - [Surgical vascular diseases of the vertebrobasilar circulation]. PMID- 7292184 TI - [Lateral frontobasal head injuries]. PMID- 7292185 TI - [Therapeutic effect of piracetam-nootropil in brain concussion]. PMID- 7292186 TI - [Effect of cholecystectomy of the course of diabetes]. PMID- 7292187 TI - [Our experience with amikacin administration in severe burns]. PMID- 7292188 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency and arterioportal shunt as complications of hepatic injury. The significance of hemodialysis]. PMID- 7292189 TI - [Acute dissection of the ascending aorta and aortic valve insufficiency in Marfan's syndrome and their surgical treatment]. PMID- 7292192 TI - [Late reoperations after surgery of the gallbladder and bile ducts]. PMID- 7292190 TI - [Tracheoesophageal fistulae]. PMID- 7292191 TI - [Mediastinal tumors and malformations]. PMID- 7292193 TI - [Substitution of a tracheal segment with a prosthesis in an experiment]. PMID- 7292194 TI - [Perforating jejunal diverticulitis]. PMID- 7292195 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance--its application to diagnostic radiology. PMID- 7292196 TI - Does the doctor's attitude to the aged affected the clinical approach? PMID- 7292197 TI - Cryopreservation of human sperm. PMID- 7292198 TI - Gastric ulceration--a follow-up study. AB - Two hundred and forty-six patients who were diagnosed in 1976 as having either a benign (180) or a malignant (66) gastric ulcer on endoscopy were reviewed between November 1979 and May 1980. Eight patients were lost to follow-up and 7 had died before healing, leaving 165 patients for review. Eighty-eight (53%) healed on medical treatment and 28 (17%) underwent surgery within 3 months of diagnosis. Subsequent medical treatment healed 107 (65%), while 58 (35%) had operations for non-healing of their gastric ulcers. Twenty-six (39%) of those followed up developed a symptomatic recurrent gastric ulcer. Twelve of these patients required surgery, bringing the final surgical rate to 56%. Ten per cent of benign ulcers were incorrectly thought to be malignant at endoscopy, while 12% of malignant ulcers were thought to be benign. All malignant ulcers were diagnosed within 2 months of the initial endoscopy and no further malignant lesion was found during the follow-up period. PMID- 7292199 TI - The role of intelligence and depression in Indian and black duodenal ulcer patients in South Africa. AB - In a comparison of South African Indian and Black duodenal ulcer patients and a control group of hospital patients, intelligence and depression were not found to be relevant to the incidence of duodenal ulceration. This finding emerges as part of an ongoing study on the apparent increase of duodenal ulceration in South African Indians and Blacks. The role of psychological medicine in a consultation/liaison service is discussed. PMID- 7292200 TI - Beyond the hospital walls--a study of black patients after discharge from hospital. AB - Ninety-six patients were followed up in their homes 2 weeks, 3 months and 1 year after their discharge from hospital. Within 2 weeks of discharge from hospital, interviews could only be arranged with 80, 9 having died and 7 being untraceable at the given address. The characteristics of the patients, their living conditions, knowledge of their illness, general health and ability to work were noted on the first follow-up visit, and their general health and ability to work were reassessed on two subsequent occasions, by which time a further 8 and 7 had died. As a result of the survey, recommendations are made covering health information for patients and suitable follow-up procedures to ensure maximum benefit from hospitalization. PMID- 7292201 TI - [Anesthesia for thymectomy in myasthenia gravis]. AB - This report emphasizes the medical, surgical and anaesthetic aspects of the treatment in cases of myasthenia gravis. Since many of the drugs used in anaesthesia affect the activity of the neuromuscular conduction mechanism, the anaesthetist should be aware of the pathophysiology of the disease and of the effect which these drugs have on it. PMID- 7292202 TI - Pseudomembranous enterocolitis and the aetiological role of Clostridium difficile. An overview of the recent literature. PMID- 7292203 TI - Voluntary responses to peripheral stimulation in Parkinson's disease. An electrophysiological study. AB - Voluntary motor responses of 15 patients with Parkinson's disease and 5 normal subjects in the same age group were examined electromyographically. The reaction time (RT) (period of latency) and the successive reaction (SR) time (between two quick repetitive voluntary movements) of the facial, eye and masseter muscles following electrical stimulation from the periphery (thenar muscles) were measured. In the patients the RT and SR time following peripheral stimulation were obviously delayed. These results suggest that cortical motor areas are involved in Parkinson's disease so that, following peripheral stimulation, cortical activity is inhibited for a relatively long time. This occurs most often following two brisk repetitive voluntary muscle movements (SR). PMID- 7292204 TI - Choreo-athetosis induced by phenytoin in an epileptic child. A case report. AB - A 5-year-old child with epilepsy and underlying brain damage developed choreo athetosis during intoxication with phenytoin. Drug intoxication was suggested by the dose the child was taking (75 mg 3 times a day) and confirmed by measuring the serum phenytoin concentration which was 229 mmol/l (therapeutic range 40-80 mmol/l). The choreoathetoid movements ceased 4 weeks after discontinuation of the drug, although the blood level returned to the therapeutic range after 2 weeks. PMID- 7292205 TI - Pathogenesis and immune response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the fructivorous bat, Artibeus lituratus. AB - Groups of neotropical bats (Artibeus lituratus) were inoculated by the intraperitoneal or intranasal routes with varying doses of yeast phase Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Bats infected with 10(6) viable yeast cells intraperitoneally developed fatal, disseminated disease, with delayed hypersensitivity appearing within 2 weeks. No precipitating antibodies were detected up to 7 weeks post-exposure. After intranasal instillation of 10(5) viable P. brasiliensis, the disease spread from the lung to the spleen by 3 weeks and to the liver by 9 weeks. As few as 10 viable cells were capable of causing pulmonary disease. Antibodies were detected at 5 weeks and persisted for several weeks thereafter. No viable P. brasiliensis was recovered from the intestines or fecal contents of any bats. Artibeus lituratus appears to be very susceptible to paracoccidioidomycosis by the respiratory route. The resulting immune response is characterized by delay appearance of precipitating antibodies and a moderate degree of delayed hypersensitivity. The pathogenesis of the resulting disease is similar to that observed in humans. The absence of intestinal involvement, even in chronic systemic disease, suggests that bats do not play a direct role in dissemination of this fungus in nature. PMID- 7292206 TI - Nutritional physiology of pathogenic species of thermophilic mucor. AB - Some aspects of the nutritional physiology of zoopathogenic Mucor pusillus Lindt and Mucor miehei Cooney & Emerson were studied at 37 degrees C. Only asexual spores (sporangiospores) were produced on all the media used. A pH range of 5.0 6.0 was found to be best for the growth and sporulation of both species. The fungi were able to utilize various sources of carbon and nitrogen tested except L sorbose and DL-tryptophan on which no growth was recorded. Of the carbon sources, the best results were obtained with dextrin and starch while of the nitrogen sources, casein hydrolysate was most readily utilized. Both species gave measurable growth with sporulation on soluble carboxymethyl cellulose. A glucose and DL-glutamine concentration range 15.0-20.0 gl-1 and 5.0-7.5 gl-1 respectively was optimal for growth and sporulation of these fungi. A C/N ratio of 15.0: 5.0 gl-1 was optimal for sporulation and 20.07: 7.5 gl-1 for mycelial growth of both species. PMID- 7292207 TI - The effect of 5-fluorocytosine on the synthesis of 80S ribosomes by pathogenic fungi. AB - We studied the influence of 5-fluorocytosine(5FC) on the monomeric 80S ribosomes isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation from Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Wangiella dermatitidis. Labelling of the cultures with 32PO4 and [3H]-leucine showed marked inhibition of both ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein synthesized during the contact of the fungi with the drug. The degree of inhibition was very similar for the synthesis of both ribosomal constituents, (mostly 60-80% each during the initial hours of the contact). This indicates that some ribosomes were still synthesized in the presence of 5FC and that the drug inhibits the synthesis of complete ribosomes to the same extent as the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and protein. By labelling fungi with [14C]-5FC it was shown that in those 80S ribosomes that were still synthesized, large quantities of the drug were incorporated--doubtless as 5 fluorouracil (5FU) in RNA. It can be concluded that RNA containing 5FU is still capable of combining with protein to form complete ribosomes of normal conformation. This is, however, no proof that these ribosomes would have a normal function. PMID- 7292208 TI - Antifungal treatment of allograft tissue for cardiac surgery. AB - Amphotericin B, nystatin, clotrimazole and candicidin have been compared as antifungal agents in a sterilizing mixture for allograft tissues used in cardiac surgery. Candicidin was shown to be too toxic, and clotrimazole has since been restricted to topical application. Nystatin and amphotericin B are equally effective in controlling fungal contamination when compared in terms of effectiveness, cytotoxicity and cost. Early onset fungal endocarditis associated with allograft tissue treated in this way can be reduced to a minimum by an appreciation of these results and an application of rigorous screening procedures for fungi. PMID- 7292209 TI - Biosynthesis of neutral lipids in Microsporum gypseum. PMID- 7292210 TI - Evaluation of the limulus amebocyte lysate assay for presumptive diagnosis of gonorrhea in men at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. AB - Specimens of urethral exudate from 200 men with uncomplicated urethritis were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay, culture on modified Thayer-Martin medium, and gram-stained smear. As compared with cultures, the sensitivity and specificity of the limulus assay were 94.8% and 89.3%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of the gram stain were 98.8% and 100.0%, respectively. The accuracy of prediction of the presence of N. gonorrhoeae was significantly better by gram-stained smear than by the limulus assay. Unless the limulus assay is modified, as it was in this study, it does not appear to have a role in the presumptive diagnosis of the gonorrhea in men at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 7292211 TI - Penile condylomata acuminata: an experimental model for evaluation of topical self-treatment with 0.5--1.0% ethanolic preparations of podophyllotoxin for three days. AB - Penile condylomata were eradicated from 22 (54%) of 41 men whose lesions were painted twice (with a 72-hr interval) by the investigator with 8% podophyllotoxin in ethanol and from 83 (48%) of 173 men who self-administered either 0.5 to 1.0% topical preparations twice or thrice daily for three subsequent days. All regimens had identical efficacy; a higher frequency of mild local irritation in the self-medicating group may be outweighed by a relatively lower risk for hazardous systemic absorption. The rate of cure was higher when tumors afflicted the preputial cavity than the urinary meatus or penile skin and was lower when there were more than five warts, lesions grew in a plaque-like pattern, or duration of warts exceeded six months. Sixty-six men were sensitized with 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene; the degree of response to subsequent challenge did not correlate to number or growth pattern of lesions or to cure rate. PMID- 7292212 TI - Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in patients with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Of 166 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease, Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the cervix of 91 (54.8%), Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 37 (22.3%), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from nine (5.4%). Of the 91 women from whom M. hominis was recovered, 39 developed a significant change in titer of serum antibodies to the organism within one month after admission. Of the 85 patients from whose cervix M. hominis was not isolated, 11 displayed a significant change in titer of antibody to the organism. A change in the titer of IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis was found in 20 women (54.1%) who had Chlamydia positive cultures and in 14 (10.9%) whose cultures were negative for Chlamydia. The results of the cultural and serologic studies suggest that M. hominis was associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in approximately one-third of the patients, or in half of those women from whose cervix the organism was isolated. In approximately every fifth woman studied, C. trachomatis seemed to be associated with the pelvic inflammation. PMID- 7292214 TI - In vitro activity of clindamycin against Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Clindamycin hydrochloride was moderately active in vitro against Chlamydia trachomatis when it was added to the culture system 1 hr, but not 48 hr, after inoculation of test organisms. Clindamycin is almost as active in vitro against C. trachomatis as is erythromycin in vitro; this finding suggests that clindamycin might have clinically significant activity in vivo. PMID- 7292213 TI - Cystitis associated with chlamydial infection of the genital tract in male guinea pigs. AB - Male guinea pigs were infected with the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) by intraurethral injection of chlamydiae or by placement of a drop of chlamydial suspension on the meatus of the extruded penis. Transient urethritis and cystitis were observed in animals infected by either method. The production of cystitis by the drop-on technique indicated that chlamydiae are able to ascend the urethra and that the bladder may be a target organ of chlamydial infection. When infected animals were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide, the number of guinea pigs with cystitis was increased, and chlamydiae could be detected in the bladder for as long as 50 days after infection. In contrast, GPIC was not detected in the bladders of untreated animals after day 18. PMID- 7292215 TI - A case of monorecidive syphilitic chancre. AB - A 24-year-old man who had been in contact with a woman who had infectious syphilis developed a painless sore on his penis. His general practitioner prescribed tetracycline (250 mg four times a day for seven days). After approximately one month he developed another painless sore at the same site as the previous one. The diagnosis of syphilis was confirmed by dark-field microscopy and serologic tests. Reinfection was thought to be unlikely because he denied having sexual intercourse after the first visit to his general practitioner. Thus, the new lesion was thought to be a case of monorecidive syphilitic chancre. PMID- 7292216 TI - Etiology and management of the acute urethral syndrome. PMID- 7292217 TI - [Inhibition of fibrinolysis by alimentary lipemia and the effect of trauma on tumor spread (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292218 TI - [Staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of 108 operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292219 TI - [Analysis of C bands in haematological disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292220 TI - [The phenotype Ax: a serological and genetic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292221 TI - [Dyshemopoietic refractory anemia]. PMID- 7292222 TI - [Anti-brucella antibodies in blood donors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292223 TI - [Aplastic anaemia associated with congenital dyskeratosis (Zinsser-Fanconi syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292224 TI - [Alternate bag protocol for leukapheresis using Haemonetics-30 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292225 TI - [Fever in neutropenic patients: analysis of 109 episodes and 15 superinfections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292226 TI - [ABO alloantibodies in Toba Indians of the Argentinian Chaco (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292227 TI - [Value of serum ferritin assessment in the diagnosis of iron lack in uraemic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292228 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Thirty-year experience in the National Institute of Nutrition (Mexico) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292229 TI - [Association of chronic lymphoid leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292230 TI - [B-lymphosarcoma cell leukaemia (centroblastic type) with tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase (isoenzyme 5) activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292231 TI - [Idiopathic myelofibrosis of childhood. Report of a case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292232 TI - [2, 3 DPG in anemic children]. PMID- 7292233 TI - [Discordance in bilateral biopsies of the histological pattern of bone marrow invasion in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 7292234 TI - [Seminoma, ionizing radiation and autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7292235 TI - International trends in disability program growth. AB - The steep growth in the number of beneficiaries under the U.S. Social security Disability Insurance program during 1966-77 has aroused interest in learning whether programs abroad experienced similar expansion. This article presents the gross rate of disability incidence in five European programs and explores termination rates (for recovery and death) in three of those programs. Factors underlying growth patterns are also discussed. Findings show that the gross disability incidence rate increased in the Belgian and Finnish programs from the late 1960's and in the programs of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, and France From the early 1970's, tapering off in all five countries studied by the mid-1970's. Gross recovery- and death-termination rates declined continuously in the Dutch and the Finnish programs. For all countries in this study, changes in the definition of statutory disability and changes in other program provisions, economic conditions, demographic patterns, and public awareness and attitudes were the major causes of expansion. Adequate explanations to account for the recent slackening off in program growth, however, are lacking. PMID- 7292236 TI - Report of the National Commission on Unemployment Compensation. PMID- 7292237 TI - Promotion of subsidized savings in the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 7292238 TI - The Income Survey Development Program: design features and initial findings. AB - This article summarizes the principal design features of the Income Survey Development Program (ISDP) and presents initial findings of its 1979 Research Panel. The ISDP was designed to meet the need for improved data--particularly information on cash and in-kind income, assets and debts, tax liabilities, and participation in the major income security programs. The ISDP examined many technical and operational problems that were difficult to satisfy with existing surveys and administrative record systems. The ISDP field tests indicated that several experimental features were successful. These include use of more frequent interviews, a sample that is followed over a period of more than a year, a flexible questionnaire structure that permits insertion of questions on emerging policy issues, and procedures to maximize the linking of survey data with information in administrative records. Initial findings from the 1979 Research Panel indicate the number of persons receiving benefits from more than one major transfer program and compare the assets of food stamp recipients with those of eligible nonparticipants and ineligible persons. PMID- 7292239 TI - Social welfare expenditures, fiscal year 1979. AB - In fiscal year 1979, social welfare expenditures under public programs amounted to $428.3 billion, an increase of 8.6 percent over the previous year. In constant 1979 dollars, however, 1979 expenditures decreased 0.2 percent from their 1978 level. Per capita social welfare spending also declined in "real" terms, falling 1 percentage point between 1978 and 1979. Social welfare expenditures as a proportion of the gross national product continued the declining trend that began in 1977. From a 1976 high of 20.4 percent, such expenditures fell to 18.5 percent in 1979. PMID- 7292241 TI - Rape crisis intervention in the emergency room: a new challenge for social work. AB - The emerging role of the social worker in the context of rape crisis programs housed in hospital emergency rooms is examined. A brief review of the psychological impact of rape on its victims is offered as a background for delineating this role. The emergency room setting is analyzed in terms of the advantages and disadvantages it presents for this type of crisis intervention. Significant issues of care for the social worker in this setting are discussed, and an outline of tasks for this role is proposed. PMID- 7292240 TI - Study of emergency assistance and special needs programs. PMID- 7292242 TI - Social workers in a Family Practice Residency Network. PMID- 7292243 TI - The social worker as educator of family practice residents: principles for practice. AB - Social workers have been involved in medical education for several decades. The field of family practice offers new opportunities and challenges for social work educators to help family physicians address not only the biological needs of their patients, but their psychosocial needs as well. To be successful, the educator will need to be familiar with resident learning styles and preferences, with their attitudes toward the behavioral sciences, and with differential teaching strategies. Research about the impact of training programs on the family practice resident will make for more effective curriculum planning efforts by social workers. PMID- 7292244 TI - Teaching the behavioral science component in a family practice residency: social work role. AB - The article describes a social work-oriented behavioral science component within a family practice residency training program. The identified goal of teaching the behavioral science component is the development of skills in the area of interpersonal (physician-patient) relationships. To this end, a lecture series, self-awareness growth groups, and counseling experiences by residents are used. Whereas a number of disciplines deal with human interaction and behavior and are included under the "behavioral science" rubric, the paper shows the particular effectiveness of a social worker's direction in meeting the behavioral science training needs of family practice residents. PMID- 7292245 TI - Educating the family practice resident in the use of community resources. AB - Training in the knowledge and use of community resources is a requirement for family practice residency programs. This article describes the community resources sequence of the behavioral science curriculum developed for a family practice residency program affiliated with a 450-bed community hospital on the far northwest side of the city of Chicago. During the first 2 years of the program, residents have been exposed to a variety of community services, including a visit to a model transitional living facility operated by a local community mental health center and a demonstration session by a self-help group for the terminally ill. Residents have been enthusiastic in their participation, and basic program objectives have been met. PMID- 7292246 TI - Helping parents when their newborn infants die: social work implications. PMID- 7292247 TI - Management of perinatal death: role of the social worker in the newborn ICU. PMID- 7292248 TI - Veterinary medicine and social work: a new avenue of access to mental health care. PMID- 7292249 TI - Relation of cell cycle position and chromatin decondensation to ectopic hormone synthesis in HeLa cells. AB - Ectopic synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in HeLa cells, mediated by sodium butyrate, is shown to be associated with cell cycle position in late G1 or early S phase where decondensation of chromatin is maximal. Inhibitors or conditions of culture that block HeLa cells in earlier stages of G1 do not increase hormone production. The time course of butyrate-mediated hCG synthesis shows a direct correlation with the degree of chromatin decondensation in synchronized HeLa cells. Using synchronized cultures, both late G1 and butyrate treated G2 cells were observed to synthesize large amounts of hormone. However, the chromatin of butyrate-treated G2 HeLa cells resembles late G1 chromatin in its maximal decondensation. These findings suggest that ectopic hormone production in neoplastic cells may be related to decondensation of chromatin irrespective of the position of cells in the cell cycle. PMID- 7292250 TI - Replica plating of cultured mammalian cells. AB - A simple device is described which permits the replica plating of lymphocytes as well as substrate adherent fibroblasts. The replica plating device consists of an 8 X 12 array of cotton-tipped swabs (Q-tips). The principle of the replica plating system involves the use of an array of absorbent cotton-tipped swabs to transfer nonadherent lymphocytes (or conditioned medium) to corresponding wells of 96-well microtiter plates. Replica plating of substrate adherent cells requires one additional step; i.e., dislodgement of adherent cells by rotating the cotton-tipped swabs against the culture surface of each well. Once adherent cells are dislodged, replica plating of adherent cells can be carried out in an identical fashion to the replica plating of nonadherent lymphocytes. Application of the Q-tip replicator in the isolation of monoclonal antibody secreting hybridomas is also presented. PMID- 7292251 TI - Rapid kinetics of polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion. PMID- 7292252 TI - Assignment of LIPA, associated with human acid lipase deficiency, to human chromosome 10 and comparative assignment to mouse chromosome 19. AB - The genetics of lysosomal acid lipase (LIP) has been investigated in human Chinese hamster and mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of human fibroblast extracts demonstrated that LIP activity consists of three isozymes. A deficiency of LIP activity has been observed in Wolman's disease (WD), cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD), and I-cell disease (ICD); this deficiency was associated with only one LIP isozyme, LIPA. We have demonstrated concordant segregation between human LIPA and human chromosome 10 and its enzyme marker glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase-1 (GOT1) in cell hybrid clones. Previous evidence suggested the different mutations associated with WD and CESD to be in the structural gene which we assign to human chromosome 10, while a different gene, involved in the processing of LIPA, is altered in ICD. These results indicate that several types of gene products are involved in the final expression of LIPA. In mouse-Chinese hamster hybrid clones, mouse Lip-1 (homologous to human LIPA) was assigned to chromosome 19. Previously, mouse Got-1 has been assigned to chromosome 19. Thus, the LIPA-GOT1 linkage groups has remained intact during the 80 X 10(6) years of evolution that separates humans and mice. PMID- 7292254 TI - Isolation and characterization of Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants with altered sensitivity to high doses of tunicamycin. AB - A mutant, CTM422, resistant to low dose of tunicamycin (TM) was isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and it showed 7- to 10-fold higher resistance to TM than CHO. We further mutagenized CTM422, to isolate TM-high-resistant mutants which were resistant to about 100-fold higher dose of TM than CHO. The TM high-resistant mutants (N101 and N102) acquired about 4-fold higher cross resistance to 2-deoxy-d-glucose than CHO or CTM422, while both CHO and CTM422 showed similar sensitivity to 2-deoxy-d-glucose. TM-low-resistance appeared to be codominant, and TM-high-resistance was partially codominant against TM sensitivity, respectively. The transfer activity of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP N-acetylglucosamine into the lipid fraction with CHO and CTM422 cell extracts was inhibited by TM to a similar extent, while the extract of N102 cells showed about 10-fold higher resistance to TM than CHO or CTM422. PMID- 7292253 TI - The proopiocortin (adrenocorticotropin/beta-lipoprotein) gene is located on chromosome 2 in humans. AB - The proopiocortin gene is located on chromosome 2 in humans. A 13-kb DNA fragment containing proopiocortin gene sequences was identified in human cells while proopiocortin-related genes sequences of 9.8 and 6.2 kb were present in mouse cells. In human-mouse cell hybrids which contained reduced numbers of human chromosomes and a complete set of mouse chromosomes, the 9.8- and 6.2-kb fragments were always present while the 13-kb fragment segregated with human chromosome 2 and the chromosome 2 enzyme markers acid phosphatase-1 (ACP1), malate dehydrogenase-1 (MDHI), and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1). Analysis of a single cell hybrid with a broken chromosome 2 indicates that the proopiocortin and ACP1 genes are closely linked and in the distal region of the short arm of chromosome 2. PMID- 7292255 TI - Selection of mammalian thymidine auxotrophic cell mutants defective in thymidylate synthase by their reduced sensitivity to methotrexate. AB - Thymidine auxotrophic mutants were selectively isolated from mutagenized mouse FM3A cells by resistance to methotrexate in the presence of thymidine and 5 methyl-tetrahydrofolate with a frequency of 10(-5)-10(-6). In most of the thymidine auxotrophs the activity of thymidylate synthase was very low or undetectable, but dihydrofolate reductase activity was normal. Upon starvation of thymidine, the mutant cells immediately stopped growing and started to lyse within one day. In the presence of thymidine, the mutant cells grew quite normally. This phenotype behaved recessively in cell-cell hybrids, and the segregation profile of its marker indicated that the lesions in the mutants are not linked to the X chromosome. Prototrophic revertants could be isolated from these mutants, and they showed almost the normal level of thymidylate synthase activity. The selection method described here should be useful for isolating large numbers of thymidylate synthase-negative mutants from various mammalian cell lines. PMID- 7292256 TI - Isolation and characterization of Chinese hamster cell mutants resistant to the cytotoxic effects of chromate. AB - Stable mutants resistant to the toxic anion chromate have been isolated from a variety of Chinese hamster cell lines. The mechanism of chromate toxicity is not known, but it must involve internalization via the sulfate transport pathway. All mutant lines had a defective sulfate transport system, showing a 10-fold reduction in the rate of uptake of radioactive sulfate into the cell. The chromate resistance phenotype in CHO cell mutants behave recessively in somatic cell hybrids; in other cell lines the Chr(r) phenotype was partially expressed (codominant) in cell hybrids. Complementation analysis in cell hybrids between 18 different mutant pairs failed to reveal any complementation, indicating that chromate selects mutants primarily, if not exclusively, at a single gene locus. PMID- 7292257 TI - Transfer of heritable properties by cell hybridization: specificity and the role of selective pressure. AB - Enucleated chloramphenicol (CAP) resistant mouse L-cells (LEA-2A) were fused with the mouse hepatoma cells (BW1J). The resultant cybrids expressed CAP resistance (the property used in selection of the cybrids), and also expressed the hepatic specific functions of the BW1J parent. Hybrids between these same cells, on the other hand, exhibited chloramphenicol resistance and extinction of the hepatoma specific properties. Cybrids were also prepared between enucleated rat hepatoma cells (FT-2) and mouse erythroleukemia cells (C19TK). The resultant cybrids selected in tyrosine-free medium expressed phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme normally appeared to be the result of activation of the previously silent gene of the C19TK cells. These cybrids, however, did not express any other liver-specific functions present in the FT-2 cytoplast donor. These experiments suggest that the transfer of heritable properties by cell cybridization is selection specific and that activation or extinction observed in hybrids may not occur in cybrids of the same cells. PMID- 7292258 TI - Biochemical and genetic characterization of respiration-deficient mutants of Chinese hamster cells with a Gal- phenotype. AB - Four Chinese hamster somatic cell mutants A13G9, 34A13G32, 2A13G14, and V6IG15 with a Gal- phenotype have the following characteristics: (1) a low respiration rate; (2) a reduced Krebs cycle activity; (3) a low level of stimulation of oxygen consumption of mutant mitochondria by malate; (4) an absolute dependence on an ample supply of glucose to sustain a high rate of glycolysis; (5) a defect in the electron transport chain from NADH to coenzyme Q; and (6) no appreciable activity of rotenone-sensitive NADH oxidase in mutant mitochondria. These four mutants and another mutant, P12GX1, were analyzed by complementation analysis using seven other respiratory mutants of Dr. Scheffler which define seven complementation groups (I-VII). P12GX1 fails to complement mutant CCL16-B9 (group IV). A13G9 and 34A13G32 do not complement each other. Mutants V6IG15, A13G9, and 34A13G32 define two new groups of complementation (VIII and IX), while 2A13G14 does not complement mutants of groups II and VI. PMID- 7292259 TI - Selection of triparental somatic hybrids between mouse and Chinese hamster cell lines. AB - Triparental crosses were carried out between Chinese hamster and mouse cell lines, by using combinations of recessive and dominant markers. Evidence is provided that triparental somatic hybrids arose at relatively high frequencies in triselective media, after fusing with polyethylene glycol mixtures of three cell types carrying the appropriate resistance markers. The Karyotypes of these hybrids were consistent with their triparental origin. Since triparental chromosome complements were observed also in some of the cells selected for two markers only, the possibility is discussed that nuclear multiplicities higher than two in fused cells may favor, rather than hinder, viable hybrid formation. PMID- 7292262 TI - Comparison of the results of esophagectomy with and without a thoracotomy. AB - Two techniques of esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus were compared in 41 patients. Of these, 39 had chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or both, preoperatively. Overall, the 20 patients who had a blind esophagectomy through an abdominal and a cervical incision without a thoracotomy tolerated the procedure quite well. However, two patients died three and five weeks afterward of arrhythmia and respiratory insufficiency, respectively. None of the 21 patients having an esophagectomy by means of a standard thoracotomy died. The blind esophagectomy took an hour less to perform and required slightly more blood than the standard thoracic esophagectomy. Except for the one patient who died of respiratory insufficiency, it appeared that the patients not having a thoracotomy had less pulmonary complications and required less ventilator assistance. The length of stay was almost identical. The main advantages found were the ease of the operation, no change needed in the position of the patient and the shorter duration of the operation. Theoretic advantages, not yet confirmed, include decreased mortality and morbidity if an anastomotic leak occurs and decreased change of local recurrence of the carcinoma. PMID- 7292260 TI - Enhancing the efficiency of DNA-mediated gene transfer in mammalian cells. AB - We have investigated several of the experimental factors that affect calcium phosphate-DNA-mediated gene transfer of thymidine kinase (tk) into mouse LM tk- Cl 1D cells using unfractionated DNA from both Chinese hamster ovary cells and L6 rat myoblasts. Increases in the length of exposure to DNA (24 h) and the expression time (48 h) before selection result in a 20-fold enhancement in the efficiency of transformation. These modifications yield frequencies up to 35 HATR colonies/20 microgram tk"NA/10(6) recipient cells. Exposure to dimethyl sulfoxide enhances transformation efficiencies slightly for short DNA exposure times, but has no effect when optimal DNA exposure times are used. Several other variations in our standard transformation protocol were also examined: these include the concentration and size of the DNA and exposure to low concentrations of the nonionic detergent, Tween-80. We have also isolated and characterized a subclone of Cl 1D that is a high-efficiency recipient for the tk+ marker. Segregation analysis reveals that the majority of the TK+ transformants derived from this subclone are stable, in contrast to those derived from the DL 1D parent. The combination of improved methodology and the high-efficiency recipient subclone permits DNA-mediated transformation for tk at frequencies on the order of 10(-4) transformants per recipient cell. PMID- 7292261 TI - Competence for DNA transfer of ouabain resistance and thymidine kinase: clonal variation in mouse L-cell recipients. AB - We have used the calcium phosphate precipitation technique to study the competence of mammalian cell recipients for transformation with genomic mammalian cell DNA. The transformation efficiency for thymidine kinase (tk) varies 10- to 20-fold (up to 10(-4) transformants/recipient) among different subclones of the LM tk- CL 1D mouse fibroblast cell line. Analysis of this phenotype among second generation subclones indicates that subclones exhibiting high competence tend to breed true, whereas those with low competence do not. Isolation of Tk- revertants from TK+ transformants results in the selection of cells with a high-competence phenotype as measured by their subsequent transformation for tk. This phenotype appears to be a general characteristic of such cells because recipients more competent for transfer of a second marker, ouabain resistance (ouaR). This codominant marker coding for the Na K+-ATPase can be transferred at frequencies of 10(-5) in the high-competence recipients. These results indicate that competence for DNA-mediated gene transfer can be determined in part by genetic factors. PMID- 7292263 TI - Routine intensive care for pelvic exenterative operations. PMID- 7292264 TI - Prophylactic oophorectomy in operable instances of carcinoma of the breast. AB - In 1964, a prospective study was initiated of prophylactic oophorectomy in operable instances of carcinoma of the breast, in patients who showed evidence of ovarian activity. Patients were randomized to a control group and a group treated by surgical castration. By December 1979, 359 patients were evaluable at five years and 240 patients at ten years. The over-all results of the oophorectomy series were superior to that for those of the control group. Patients who had cancer confined to the breast showed no significant benefit from oophorectomy. When one to three axillary nodes were involved, women less than 50 years of age were found to benefit significantly from prophylactic oophorectomy, in relapse free status at five years, and in survival and relapse-free status at ten years. Patients 50 years of age and older showed no advantage from oophorectomy. It s suggested that there is a place for prophylactic oophorectomy in patients who are less than 50 years of age with operable carcinoma of the breast and with positive axillary nodes. PMID- 7292265 TI - Common bile duct stones and biliary-intestinal anastomoses. AB - Six patients with symptoms referable to residual or recurrent common bile duct calculi following biliary tract operations, including a biliary-intestinal diversion, were studied by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Two patients were treated by endoscopic papillotomy and the remainder, by surgical procedures which included choledocholithotomy, transduodenal sphincteroplasty and revision of the biliary-intestinal anastomosis. Analysis of this experience suggests that one cannot assume that choledochoduodenostomy or choledochojejunostomy will always mitigate the consequences of retained or recurrent common duct stones. The segment of common bile duct between the biliary-intestinal anastomosis and the papilla of Vater may serve as a blind pouch or sump in a small number of patients undergoing these procedures. In patients with choledocholithiasis, efforts to remove all stones from the ductal system are the principal consideration; and choledochoduodenostomy should be reserved for specific indications, such as obstruction of the distal part of the bile duct. PMID- 7292266 TI - Zinc as an integral component of the metabolic response to trauma. AB - Following injury, there is a major redistribution of zinc, as demonstrated by 65Zn tracer studies in rats receiving 20 per cent burns. This injury resulted in a rapid uptake of 65Zn into spleen, lung, wound, kidney and, particularly, liver, while the uptake of 65Zn was decreased in the brain, some muscle groups and, particularly, in bone. Simultaneously, plasma 65Zn occurred predominantly as the albumin bound fraction decreased. The total amount of tracer appearing in the wound was considerably less than that in the liver, where the induction of zinc binding protein was demonstrated in the cytosol. The synthesis of this protein may have an important regulatory role in zinc homeostasis following injury. These widespread changes in 65Zn distribution are consistent with the essential role of zinc in numerous metabolic processes and the increased metabolic activity of such tissues as the liver and the wound that follows injury. It is apparent that the liver has a central role in the early postinjury changes in zinc metabolism and that bone as well as muscle provides an available source of zinc in these circumstances. PMID- 7292267 TI - Long term results of subfascial vein ligation for venous stasis disease. AB - One hundred and nine patients underwent subfascial venous ligation for symptoms of severe venous stasis disease for an 18 year period. Long term follow-up study, with an average length of ten years, was obtained in 83 of these patients. Twenty seven patients reported a recurrence of stasis ulceration during this period, and 19 patients required further operations to correct some aspect of the venous disease. Results of our experience suggest that subfascial venous ligation be considered for all patients with confirmed perforating venous incompetence, but the procedure should be regarded only as a palliative measure in patients with severe venous stasis disease. PMID- 7292268 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin levels in normal pregnancy and choriocarcinoma. AB - We measured human chorionic gonadotropin levels simultaneously in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 36 normal pregnant women and of six patients with choriocarcinoma. During normal pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin levels in the cerebral spinal fluid correlated well with those in the serum in both the first and third trimesters. A serum-cerebral spinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin ratio of less than 60 has previously been reported as a sensitive diagnostic test for trophoblastic central nervous system involvement. However, we found this ratio to be less than 60 in one patient undergoing first trimester abortion and in one patient with nonmetastatic choriocarcinoma. Furthermore, two patients with documented trophoblastic cerebral metastases had serum-cerebral spinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin ratios in excess of 60. Results of our study, thus, indicate that determination of a single serum-cerebral spinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin ratio may not conclusively prove or exclude trophoblastic central nervous system metastases. Unless it is corroborated by other diagnostic means, a single decreased serum-cerebral spinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin ratio is insufficient evidence to initiate multimodality treatment for presumptive central nervous system involvement. PMID- 7292271 TI - The gracilis myocutaneous flap for persistent perineal sinus after proctocolectomy. PMID- 7292270 TI - Trends in the United States for the management of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. AB - Data from surveys conducted by the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons were examined to identify recent trends in the treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. Between 1973 and 1978, the stage of disease at diagnosis for the total series changed little, but significant upgrading in the stage of disease at diagnosis for the black patients was observed. There was increasing use of a multimodality approach to treatment combining operation with radiotherapy. The use of chemotherapy alone or in combination with other therapies, while never widely used, declined during the interval observed. Significant changes occurred in the type of operations performed for carcinoma in the upper two-thirds of the rectum. During this interval, abdominoperineal resection was increasingly being displaced by low anterior resection. The trend toward multimodality treatment and the use of effective sphincter preserving procedures represent significant changes noted in this survey in the therapy of carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 7292269 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the diagnosis of malignant lesions of the abdominopelvic region. AB - The differential diagnosis of tumors of the abdominopelvic region can be difficult. The inability to differentiate carcinoma of the colon and rectum from carcinoma of the ovary, in particular, may result in inadequate surgical procedures and unnecessary complications. In this study, elevated pretreatment levels of carcinoembryonic antigen were used as an aid in distinguishing between extragenital and gynecologic tumors in 76 women. Levels below 10 nanograms per milliliter suggested a malignant tumor of the female reproductive tract or benign disease; levels above 20 nanograms per milliliter indicated carcinoma of an extragenital organ. In addition to other diagnostic studies, pretreatment values of carcinoembryonic antigen may enable the physical to anticipate the specificity of the tumor and the scope of the surgical problem more precisely and, thus, be better able to prepare the patient for optimum treatment. PMID- 7292272 TI - The influence of splenic tissue implantation upon platelet population in rabbits after splenectomy. AB - An investigation of the behavior of the blood platelet population following splenectomy and autologous splenic tissue implantation has been done on the rabbit. A bimodal rise in platelet size and count is observed in the postoperative period. After splenectomy, a 722 per cent increase in the platelet count and a 21.9 percent rise in the platelet size are found. These increases are abolished by the implantation of splenic tissue. The existence of a splenic humoral factor that controls platelet production in the bone marrow is possible. PMID- 7292273 TI - The effect of pregnancy on the prognosis of carcinoma of the breast following radical mastectomy. AB - During the interval from 1940 to 1970, 41 patients treated for primary operable carcinoma of the breast had subsequent pregnancies. Of 27 patients with axillary nodes negative for tumor, nine had first trimester abortions and 14 had pregnancies occur less than two years following mastectomy. Fourteen patients had axillary nodes positive for tumor, seven having first trimester abortions and eight pregnancies having occurred within two years of mastectomy. No detrimental effect of subsequent pregnancy could be demonstrated, even among patients with positive axillary nodes or among those whose pregnancies occurred less than two years following mastectomy. Abortion could not be demonstrated to improve the survival rate. We conclude that pregnancy need not be avoided or terminated among those patients who are apparently free of a recurrence after undergoing treatment for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7292274 TI - Fistula in ano. AB - An eight year retrospective review of 133 patients with fistula in ano found the majority to be of cryptoglandular causation. Many patients had symptoms for longer than one year. Operation was performed safely under spinal anesthesia, locating the internal opening in 117 patients, performing a fistulectomy in 80 patients and a fistulotomy in the remainder. Associated procedures, such as a hemorrhoidectomy, could be performed safely. Early recurrence of a fistula, spinal headache, bleeding and temporary incontinence were the complications present in 14 patients. All patients with an early recurrence had undergone a fistulotomy. PMID- 7292275 TI - Simplified complementary transverse colostomy for low colorectal anastomosis. PMID- 7292276 TI - A safe, semi-open procedure for diagnostic peritoneal lavage. PMID- 7292277 TI - [Various theoretical problems of medical ethics and medical deontology]. PMID- 7292278 TI - [Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage]. PMID- 7292279 TI - [Additional possibilities of establishing the etiology of exudative pleurisy]. PMID- 7292280 TI - [Cryoglobulins and various other immunological indicators in bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7292282 TI - [Results of an anti-smoking campaign among middle-aged men]. PMID- 7292283 TI - [Axial computerized tomography in the diagnosis of liver and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7292284 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of chickenpox in adults]. PMID- 7292281 TI - [Bioantioxidants in the complex treatment of chronic pneumonia in patients with iron ore pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 7292285 TI - [Psychosomatic disorders in borderline psychiatry]. PMID- 7292286 TI - [Case of benign pericardial tumor]. PMID- 7292287 TI - [Moral, ethical and legal aspects of the activities of medical workers in the USSR]. PMID- 7292288 TI - [Right-side tri-atrial heart (persistent right valve of the venous sinus)]. PMID- 7292289 TI - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. PMID- 7292290 TI - [Reflections on medical duties]. PMID- 7292291 TI - [Role of polyclinical education in the training of a district therapist]. PMID- 7292292 TI - [Therapeutic approaches: specialization and instrumentalism, clinical empirism and individualization]. PMID- 7292293 TI - [Basic principles of diagnosis. Methodology of diagnosis in today's medicine]. PMID- 7292294 TI - [Use of a standard WHO questionnaire in population surveillance for exertion induced angina pectoris]. PMID- 7292295 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of complex methods of evaluating pulmonary circulation in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7292296 TI - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease associated with obesity]. PMID- 7292297 TI - [Changes in cholesterol and alpha-lipoprotein levels in ischemic heart disease with obesity treated by a reducing diet]. PMID- 7292298 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid and the procoagulant activity of erythrocytes]. PMID- 7292299 TI - [Radionuclide scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of adrenal cortex diseases in hypertension]. PMID- 7292300 TI - [3-year study of blood pressure in adolescents in one of the Moscow's regions]. PMID- 7292301 TI - [Characteristics of myocardial function in Osler-Rendu disease (according to echocardiography and ECG data)]. PMID- 7292302 TI - [On the practice of medicine]. PMID- 7292303 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of infectious endocarditis in middle-aged and aged patients]. PMID- 7292305 TI - [Influence of social and hygienic factors on the incidence of respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 7292304 TI - [2-stage echocardiography in the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7292306 TI - [Prolonged treatment of patients with early stage of ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 7292307 TI - [Current methods of treating acute gouty arthritis]. PMID- 7292308 TI - [Methods of assessment and the results of ambulatory care of patients with chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis in municipal nephrology care facilities]. PMID- 7292309 TI - [Use of immunological studies for determining the role of the infection factor in the inflammatory lung diseases]. PMID- 7292310 TI - [Physical exercise in patients with diabetes mellitus (literature review and author's data)]. PMID- 7292311 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans of synovial fluid in the evaluation of acute synovitis in gout and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7292312 TI - [Effect of calcium pangamate on catecholamine metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 7292313 TI - [Aseptic bone necrosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7292314 TI - [Clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus in the male]. PMID- 7292315 TI - [Significance of urine glycosaminoglycan determination for the characterization of pathological processes in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7292316 TI - [Gastrin level in the blood serum of patients with systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7292317 TI - [Infectious endocarditis: diagnosis, clinical aspects and treatment]. PMID- 7292318 TI - [Differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in the clinical manifestations of internal diseases]. PMID- 7292319 TI - [Long-term clinical follow-up studies of basic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7292320 TI - [Age factors and basic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7292322 TI - [Use of chrysotherapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7292321 TI - [Indices of nonspecific resistance in the basic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7292323 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and side effects of different regimens of levamisole (Decaris) in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 7292324 TI - [Effect of laser therapy on the morphology of rheumatoid synovitis]. PMID- 7292325 TI - [Irrigation of the knee joint during arthroscopy as a method of treating of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis deformans]. PMID- 7292326 TI - [Results of a 2-year epidemiological study of acute myocardial infarct in Novosibirsk]. PMID- 7292327 TI - [Regional blood circulation in various collagen diseases]. PMID- 7292328 TI - [Clinical characteristics of bilateral and multiple adrenal aldosteromas]. PMID- 7292329 TI - [Hemoperfusion through activated charcoal in the complex treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7292330 TI - [Arthroscopic diagnosis of osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7292331 TI - [Medical literature for practicing physicians]. PMID- 7292332 TI - [Serum alpha lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in healthy persons and in ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 7292333 TI - [Diagnosis of internal heart rupture in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7292334 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the prognosis of the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients at the sanatorium stage]. PMID- 7292335 TI - [Hemodynamic disorders in myocardial infarct based on integral rheography data]. PMID- 7292336 TI - [Diagnosis of thromboplastinemia in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7292338 TI - [Personality characteristics and tolerance to exertion in patients with post infarct cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 7292337 TI - [Hemodynamics and oxygen supply after physical exertion in ischemic heart disease as related to blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels]. PMID- 7292339 TI - [Criteria for discontinuing exercise tests in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis and post-infarct cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 7292341 TI - [Changes in the ECG R wave voltage during the bicycle exercise test as one of the criteria for discontinuing exercise]. PMID- 7292340 TI - [Dynamics of arterial blood oxygen tension in healthy persons and in ischemic heart disease patients under conditions of veloergometric exercise (Report II)]. PMID- 7292343 TI - [Myocardial infarct in rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 7292342 TI - [Results of the studies of central hemodynamics indicators and their importance in expert testimony on ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7292344 TI - [Treatment of post-infarct angina pectoris with anabolic steroids]. PMID- 7292345 TI - [Various characteristics of the microcirculatory system in hypertension]. PMID- 7292346 TI - [Autonomic regulation of central hemodynamics during the development of hypertension]. PMID- 7292348 TI - [Left-atrial function in circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7292347 TI - [Clinical value of phlebovelometry - measurement of venous blood flow velocity]. PMID- 7292349 TI - [Changes in renal hemodynamics and renal function in patients with cardiac insufficiency treated with vasodilators]. PMID- 7292350 TI - [Physical training as one of the factors of rehabilitation of patients in the early stages of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 7292351 TI - [Prognosis of late results of electric countershock in the stable form of auricular fibrillation by the statistical analysis of cardiac rhythm]. PMID- 7292352 TI - [Effect of pulmonary hypertension on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in mitral valve stenosis (based on Xe-133 radionuclide measurement data)]. PMID- 7292353 TI - [Hemodynamics in mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7292354 TI - [Variants of the clinical course and diagnosis of alcoholic myocardiodystrophy (cardiomyopathy)]. PMID- 7292355 TI - Stability and bifurcation in age-dependent population dynamics. PMID- 7292357 TI - [General practice management of hypertension. Experiences with a stepwise plan for drug therapy]. PMID- 7292356 TI - [Martial conflicts between love and sexuality]. PMID- 7292358 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of biliary calculi]. PMID- 7292359 TI - [Risk determination and risk adjustment for life insurance]. PMID- 7292361 TI - [The "genuine" reflex cardiovascular syncope attack. Part 1]. PMID- 7292360 TI - [The physician as the expert in civil legal suits]. PMID- 7292362 TI - [Epidemiology and pathogenesis of breast cancer]. PMID- 7292363 TI - [Electroencephalographic studies on a dimenhydrinate in a chewing-gum for motion sickness]. PMID- 7292364 TI - [Occlusive disease of cerebral arteries from the vascular surgery point of view]. PMID- 7292365 TI - [Histologic classification of malignant lymphomas and its prognostic significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292366 TI - [Staging in malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292368 TI - [Staging laparotomy in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphomas: indication, technic and results]. PMID- 7292367 TI - [New aspects in the x-ray diagnosis of malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292369 TI - [The radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292370 TI - [Chemotherapy of malignant Hodgkin lymphoma]. PMID- 7292371 TI - [Chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292372 TI - [Second-line treatment of malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292373 TI - [Long-term side effects of the treatment of malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292374 TI - [Malignant lymphomas in childhood: special aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292376 TI - Time course of response to prednisolone in chronic airflow obstruction. AB - Nineteen patients with chronic airflow obstruction measured their morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF) daily for 28 days. A placebo was taken for the first week and prednisolone 20 mg twice daily was taken for the last three weeks. The mean PEF in 13 patients who responded to prednisolone reached a maximum after eight days' treatment. The majority of the 19 patients had asthma and were thought to represent a typical cross section of patients who would be considered for a trial of oral corticosteroids. Most responsive patients will achieve a maximum response within eight days. PMID- 7292375 TI - Perioperative risk of complete heart block in patients with bifascicular block and prolonged PR interval. AB - Because there is a paucity of information on the perioperative risk of developing complete heart block among patients with bifascicular block (either right bundle branch block and left anterior hemiblock or left bundle branch block) and a long PR interval on the surface electrocardiogram, we undertook an analysis of 76 such patients. Twenty-three patients had right bundle branch block and left axis deviation with a long PR interval and 53 had left bundle branch block with along PR interval. Thirty patients had 37 general anaesthetics, 23 had 32 spinal anaesthetics, and 50 had 64 local anaesthetics or endoscopic procedures. No patient developed complete heart block. Four patients developed sinus bradycardia during general anaesthetics, responsive to atropine or isoproterenol. Similarly, none of the 23 such patients in the literature reviewed had developed complete heart block. Because placement to temporary pacemakers is not without risk, we conclude that prophylactic pacing is not necessary in asymptomatic patients with bifascicular block even in the presence of a long PR interval. Since we did not study patients with recent syncope or myocardial infarction, caution should be exercised in applying these results to such patients. PMID- 7292377 TI - Hepatobronchial fistula caused by hydatid disease. The Dunedin experience 1952 79. AB - Despite intensive hydatid control measures in New Zealand, hepatopulmonary fistula resulting from infection by the echinococcus granulosus still occurs. Although the patients may quickly become debilitated from coughing bile and pus and associated septic complications, appropriate surgical therapy is usually effective. The exact diagnosis may be obscure, but it is helped by a high index of suspicion. A retrospective study of eight patients seen over a 27-year period is presented, and principles of management are outlined. Where biliary hypertension is not present adequate evacuation of the intrahepatic cysts, obliteration of the cyst space, freeing of the adherent lung, and closure of the pulmonary fistula(e) usually give satisfactory long-term results. Pulmonary lobectomy or segmental resection is seldom required. PMID- 7292378 TI - Use of lung pressure-volume curves and helium-sulphur hexafluoride washout to detect emphysema in subjects with mild airflow obstruction. PMID- 7292379 TI - Moment analysis of the flow-time curve after breathing gases of different densities. AB - In an attempt to improve methods of determining the site of airway narrowing we have tried using a heavier than air gas mixture (SF6/02) in addition to the more widely used lighter than air gas mixture (HE/O2). Response to varying inspired gas density has been assessed by means of change in mean transit time (MTT) as well as by means of change in flow rate at 50% of vital capacity (Vmax50). The possibility that derivatives of second moment analysis of the flow time curve reflect the presence of small airway disease is studied. The reproducibility of response to SF6/O2 breathing was better than that to He/O2 breathing. However there was no correlation between response to these two gas mixtures in either normal subjects or in patients with asthma. The response of MTT to He/O2 breathing correlated with the response to Vmax50 and although no more reproducible, there are theoretical advantages in using MTT as the method of assessment. The derivative of the second moment of the flow-time curve. COV, did not correlate with flow rate response to He/O2 breathing. PMID- 7292380 TI - Bicuspid mitral bioprosthesis. AB - A bicuspid mitral bioprosthesis was prepared by mounting glutaraldehyde-processed porcine pericardium onto commercially available Brownlee-Yates stents. The bioprostheses were inserted into 17 dogs. Haemodynamic performance and long-term function of the valve was assessed. Of the 11 animals in the survival group, eight died within the 24-72 hour postoperative period. The clinical picture of these animals revealed progressive left ventricular failure although the bioprostheses were tested and found competent both at insertion and at necropsy. The causes of the late deaths were deterioration of the porcine pericardium in two, and cerebral embolism in another. The acute haemodynamic studies showed a significantly high closing reflux from within the tubular bioprosthesis, and this reflux was found to be inherent in the design. It was concluded that any stented bicuspid valve where the stent assumes the function of the papillary muscles, has to be tailored so that parts of the tissue can assume the function of the chordae tendineae to minimise the closing reflux. PMID- 7292381 TI - Prognosis of peripheral lung tumours related to size of the primary. AB - Three hundred and fourteen cases of peripheral lung tumours managed surgically over a 15-year period have been analysed to re-examine the effect of tumour size on the probability of survival up to five years after operation. The cases were classified into four groups according to the size of the primary. There was a significant inverse relationship between tumour size and five-year survival over the four groups (p less than 0.05) but this relationship did not hold for the largest tumours. The tumours over 6 cm did no worse than the group one size smaller (4.5-6.0 cm). Analysis of the survival in each group revealed a different pattern of annual loss in the largest tumours which suggested that this group included carcinomas self-selected for less metastatic potential. The peripheral tumours as a whole included more undifferentiated but fewer small cell carcinomas than the overall chest clinic figures. Within the peripheral tumours squamous carcinomas became more common and adenocarcinomas less common with increasing size. No small cell or adenocarcinomas were found among the five-year survivors in the large tumour group. Because 20% of patients with tumours over 6 cm lived for five years in this group of 314 patients we do not believe that they should be excluded from operative treatment on the basis of size alone. PMID- 7292382 TI - Deposition of pressurised aerosols in the human respiratory tract. AB - Although the use of pressurised aerosol inhalers is widespread, little is known about the actual deposition of the aerosol in the respiratory tract, since this has previously been difficult to measure. We have incorporated Teflon particles (mean diameter 2 micrometer) with aerodynamic properties similar to those of bronchodilator drug crystals into pressurised aerosol canisters. Controlled inhalations by eight patients with obstructive airways disease showed that on average 8.8% of the dose was deposited in the lungs (3.0% in the alveoli and 5.8% on the conducting airways) and 80% in the mouth. These figures are in good agreement with previous indirect estimates of deposition based on metabolic studies. The remainder of the dose was either expired (1.0%) or deposited in the aerosol actuator (9.8%). This method should have wide application for measurement of deposition patterns under various conditions and for assessment of therapeutic effects. PMID- 7292383 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with lung cancer. AB - Sera from 41 patients with lung cancer and 41 age and sex-matched hospital inpatients with non-malignant disease were tested for the presence of immune complexes using the 125Iodine Clq binding test. All patients were untreated or had recurrences after surgery. An increased Clq binding activity was found in 34% of patients with lung cancer and 24% of patients with non-malignant disease. There was no significant association between increased serum Clq binding activity and histological tumour type or survival but there was an association with the extent of malignant disease. No patient with limited (state 1) disease had raised Clq binding activity but in 42% of patients with extensive disease it was increased. Increased Clq binding activity did not correlate with either an increased total white cell count of ESR. Measurement of Clq binding activity may be of value in serial monitoring of disease progress and response to treatment. PMID- 7292384 TI - Serum immunoreactive trypsin in cystic fibrosis. AB - Serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) concentrations were measured blind in sera from 33 patients with cystic fibrosis and in 32 age-matched controls. Thirty-two patients had abnormal trypsin concentrations. In 30 of these patients the level of IRT was very low whereas in the other two (the youngest of the group) it was extremely high. All 30 patients with low IRT concentrations had clinical or biochemical evidence of malabsorption. Serum IRT concentration may thus be a useful diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis. In view of the recent observation that neonates with cystic fibrosis consistently have raised IRT concentrations, and the fact that the youngest two patients in our series also had markedly increased IRT, it would appear that the initial elevation of IRT reflects early damage to the pancreas with release of enzyme/zymogen; this is thereafter superseded by a progressive destruction of the pancreas resulting in low IRT concentrations in adults with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7292385 TI - Infective endocarditis from group C streptococci causing stenosis of both the aortic and mitral valves. PMID- 7292386 TI - Immunological and respiratory changes in coffee workers. AB - Immunological status and respiratory function were studied in a group of 45 coffee workers. Skin tests with coffee allergens demonstrated the highest percentage of positive reactions to dust collected during emptying bags (40.0%), followed by dust of green (12%) and then roasted coffee (8.9%). Among 34 skin tested control workers, 14.7% had positive skin reaction to dust collected during emptying bags, but none had positive skin reaction to green or roasted coffee. Serum levels of total IgE were increased in 24.4% of coffee workers and in 5.9% of control subjects. The prevalence of all chronic respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in coffee workers than in control subjects. Coffee workers with positive skin tests to coffee allergen had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic cough (63.6%) and chronic phlegm (72.7%) than those with negative skin tests (32.4% and 23.5% respectively). There was a significant mean decrease over the Monday work shift in the maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% of vital capacity (MEF50: -7.9%) and at 25% vital capacity (MEF25: -17.8%), suggesting an obstructive effect mostly in smaller airways. Coffee workers with positive skin tests to coffee allergens had larger acute reductions in flow rates than those with negative skin tests but the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 7292387 TI - [Side-effects of calcium antagonistics agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292388 TI - [Human pharmacokinetics of cerfuroxime by high-performance liquid chromatographic assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292389 TI - [Practice of dose regimen adjustment for gentamicin by means of individual pharmacokinetic parameters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292390 TI - [Optimisation of digoxin posology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292394 TI - [Bone marrow hypoplasia an pancytopenia related to the administration of cimetidine. Description of a case]. PMID- 7292391 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of oral digoxin. Influence of congestive heart failure and age of patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292393 TI - [Clinical course of 103 patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292392 TI - [Study of hemodynamic and coronary effects induced by intravenous injection of disopyramide administered to coronary failure and congestive heart failure patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292395 TI - [Initial and terminal imputability of side effects (authors transl)]. PMID- 7292396 TI - [Comparative study of four methods of imputability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292397 TI - [Search for weighted criteria in an algorithm of imputability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292398 TI - [Problems of the general practitioner in diagnosing side effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292399 TI - [Diagnosis of side effects applied to a particular area: psychiatry]. PMID- 7292400 TI - [Proposal for the assessment of an adverse reaction responsibility in death (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292401 TI - [Reciprocal actions between the hepatic systems in the biotransformation of drugs and alcohol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292402 TI - [Experimentation contribution to the study of reciprocal actions between alcohol and drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292403 TI - [Alcohol and drugs. Medicolegal aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292405 TI - [The contribution of pharmacokinetics in explaining a drugs' side effects : the case of perhexiline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292406 TI - [Liver storages induced by perhexiline maleate : histological, histo enzymological, biochemical date (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292404 TI - [Pharmacovigilance proceedings in the case of hypoglycemia supervening perhexiline maleate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292407 TI - [Clometacin hepatitis collected by pharmacovigilance hospital centers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292408 TI - [Live toxicity with tricyclic antidepressants. An attempt to evaluate risk frequency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292409 TI - [Acute ergotism with a therapeutic association josamycin/ergotamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292411 TI - [Severe sinus node dysfunction during a lithium intoxication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292410 TI - [Risk of lithium poisoning during combination with non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292412 TI - [Autoimmune thyroiditis. A rare complication of treatment with D-penicillamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292414 TI - [Extrapyramidal syndrome and vincristine treatment. Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292413 TI - [Blood cytopenias induced by D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis - a report of 51 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292415 TI - [A possible pharmacokinetic interaction with phenytoin-miconazole nitrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292416 TI - [Acute renal failure with iodinated contrast media in diabetic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292417 TI - [Renal insufficiency and hydroelectrolytic disorders of diuretic treatments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292419 TI - [Accidents linked to magistral medicines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292421 TI - [Evaluation of medicinal shock at the Bordeaux reanimation center (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292418 TI - [Intolerance to cornstarch used as an excipient in drugs? A clinical example (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292420 TI - [Advantages of knowing the plasma concentration of a drug in pharmacovigilance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292422 TI - [Pharmacovigilance in Anaesthesiology : methodology of an inquiry concerning 4 500 case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292423 TI - [Industrial "Pharmacosurveillance" of drugs--Due to an experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292424 TI - [Practice and difficulties of pharmacovigilance in a general hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292425 TI - [Factors affecting urinary lithogenesis following tienilic acid administration in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292426 TI - [Haemodynamic effects and plasma concentrations of prazosin in chronic heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292428 TI - [Influence of a new macrolide, midecamycin on theophylline pharmacokinetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292429 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of sotalol after 320 mg single oral doses in healthy adults using high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292427 TI - [Comparative bioavailability of two forms of spironolactone. Rationalization applied to dosage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292430 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of sotalol administered intravenously to healthy men. Application of high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292431 TI - [Fenofibrate, efficacy and tolerance in long-term treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292432 TI - [Adverse hepatitis effects and imputability (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292433 TI - [Possible part of intestinal flora in bismuth intoxications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292434 TI - [Effect of macrolides on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline]. PMID- 7292435 TI - Collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Dependence on triple helical structure and fiber diameter. PMID- 7292436 TI - Acceleration by calcium of the inactivation of thrombin by plasma proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 7292437 TI - Observations during the treatment of antithrombin-III deficient women with heparin and antithrombin concentrate during pregnancy, parturition, and abortion. PMID- 7292438 TI - Platelet reactivity in patients with degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valves. PMID- 7292439 TI - Inhibitory effect of microvesicles collected from stored blood on platelet aggregation. PMID- 7292440 TI - Activation of factor X and thrombin zymogens in 25% sodium citrate solution. PMID- 7292441 TI - Inhibitory effect of alcohol on platelet functions of rats fed saturated fats. PMID- 7292442 TI - Isolation of platelet membrane fractions by lectin affinity chromatography. PMID- 7292443 TI - Inactivation of hepatitis B virus by heat in antithrombin III stabilized with citrate. PMID- 7292444 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Bernard-Soulier platelets. PMID- 7292445 TI - Effect of low molecular weight fibrin degradation products on endothelial cells in culture. PMID- 7292446 TI - The binding of bovine platelet aggregating factor to human platelets. PMID- 7292447 TI - Formation of antithrombotic luminal surface of tubular tissue by application of the glass-mandril method. PMID- 7292448 TI - Influence of variations in the chemical structure of heparin on its anticoagulant and anti-factor Xa activities. PMID- 7292449 TI - Electron probe microanalysis of calcium and phosphorus in dense bodies isolated from human platelets. PMID- 7292450 TI - Rapid radioimmunoassay for fibrinopeptide A in human plasma. PMID- 7292451 TI - Platelet function and antithrombins in hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa. PMID- 7292452 TI - The effect of various inhibitors on the 5-HT binding and uptake by human platelets. PMID- 7292454 TI - Antithrombin III in patients treated with subcutaneous or intravenous heparin. PMID- 7292453 TI - Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: deficient association of actin with the platelet membrane following thrombin-induced secretion. PMID- 7292455 TI - [The coronary patient and surgery]. PMID- 7292456 TI - [What place has X-ray examination of the colon with barium enema in rectal cancer?]. PMID- 7292457 TI - [Polyglandular failure. Patient case material]. PMID- 7292458 TI - [The anterior spinal artery syndrome]. PMID- 7292459 TI - [Hemobilia. Clinical aspects, etiology, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7292460 TI - [Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure]. PMID- 7292461 TI - [Testicular torsion and ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 7292463 TI - [Multi-year concept 1982-1986: Developmental Concept Coordinating Commission on Research on Commercial Production in Animal Husbandry]. PMID- 7292462 TI - [Vitiligo in an Old-Dutch Bantam hen]. PMID- 7292464 TI - [Acquired atlanto-occipital fusion in a sheep (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292465 TI - [List of species of animals used in experiments in the Netherlands in 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292466 TI - The necessity of chromatographic purification prior to radioimmunoassay of diethylstilbestrol in the urine of cattle. PMID- 7292467 TI - Effects of a mastitis control programme on the incidence of clinical mastitis. PMID- 7292469 TI - Side effects of antibiotics. AB - A review of the side effects of antibiotics in human patients is presented. At least three classes of untoward reactions may be distinguished: development of drug hypersensitivity, toxicological hazards, and microbial effects such as emergence of drug resistance. The intrinsic toxicitiies of the oldest discoveries, penicillin, penicillin and sulphonamides, have turned out to be very low for most animals as well as for man. These agents interfere with specific synthetic pathways in bacteria which are absent in mammals. The antibiotics discovered next (streptomycin and other amino-glycosides; chloramphenicol; tetracyclines) have all been shown to display, under certain circumstances various types of sometimes serious toxicities. As with thalidomide, the nature of their toxic effects had not been predicted by animal experiments. The present set of medically optimum antibiotics has its origin largely in substances with a long medical tradition. They represent the result of close cooperation of medical and scientific men of various disciplines. For the near future it seems unlikely that antimicrobial drugs will enter human and animal environments while yet tainted with any of the unforeseen side effects revealed in the past. Admirable work very recently carried out in the Institute of professor van Genderen shows that he never lost interest in the group of drugs that he so successfully explored when he was still on the staff of the institute where he started his career. PMID- 7292470 TI - Absorption, distribution and residue evaluation of active substances used as feed additives. AB - Administration of feed additives is based on the necessity of satisfying a need in human nutrition. Oral feed additive intake results in an equilibration level which is followed by a steady state after absorption. The equilibrium point of the blood (tissue) level can be calculated mathematically. 70 Per cent of the plateau of the steady state is reached within four times the half-life. Some compounds give rise to an "initial peak" with higher concentrations than the expected plateau level (phase of adaptation). For residue evaluation these effects have to be considered. The relevance of different metabolic processes and the impact on a traditional monofactorial evaluation, neglecting the incidence of combination, is mentioned. Commonly used residue assessment is discussed and the safety margin of a toxicological threshold elucidated. PMID- 7292468 TI - Teaching pharmacology and toxicology. PMID- 7292471 TI - Environmental toxicology, its history and future with special attention to the situation in the Netherlands. AB - Large scale pollution of the environment by pesticides and other chemicals only started in the fifties and early sixties. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and methyl mercury compounds appeared to have a marked impact on the populations of many animal species, especially birds. It is recognized that prof. dr. H. van Genderen, who retired this month, made a most valuable contribution to the timely detection of these problems in the Netherlands. Environmental toxicologists engaged in studies to predict environmental hazards by chemicals require toxicological skill as well as insight into the structure and functioning of ecosystems. PMID- 7292472 TI - Changes in the acid-base parameters of venous porcine blood caused by the storage and the method of sampling. PMID- 7292473 TI - Use of a milk progesterone test to check the detection of oestrus in cattle on a state farm in Tunisia. PMID- 7292476 TI - Activation by ADP of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in bovine adrenal medulla. PMID- 7292475 TI - [A case of cicutoxine poisoning in ponies]. PMID- 7292474 TI - [Avian tuberculosis in a free-living buzzard with bumblefoot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292477 TI - Effects of inhibitor of protein synthesis on sleep in rats. PMID- 7292478 TI - Influence of strain differences in mice on the metabolism and toxicity of benzene. PMID- 7292479 TI - Dietary copper enhances the hepatotoxicity of Senecio jacobaea in rats. PMID- 7292481 TI - Permanent impairment of spontaneous Purkinje cell discharge in cerebellar grafts caused by chronic lead exposure. PMID- 7292480 TI - Lead, zinc, and copper levels in intraocular brain tissue grafts, brain, and blood of lead-exposed rats. PMID- 7292483 TI - Cigarette smoke inhalation and blood dose markers in beagle dogs. PMID- 7292485 TI - Epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias in rabbits exposed to trichloroethylene: potentiation by ethanol. PMID- 7292482 TI - Reduced [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to muscarinic receptors in disulfoton tolerant mice. PMID- 7292484 TI - Epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias in rabbits exposed to trichloroethylene: role of trichloroethylene metabolites. PMID- 7292486 TI - Dose-dependency of 2-acetylaminofluorene binding to liver DNA and hemoglobin in mice and rats. PMID- 7292487 TI - Effects of superoxide dismutase on lipopolysaccharide-stressed mice and alteration of lung enzyme levels by endotoxin. PMID- 7292488 TI - Carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in adrenal microsomal mixed-function oxidases and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7292489 TI - Acute colchicine and vinblastine toxicity in 6-sulfanilamidoindazole-pretreated rats. PMID- 7292490 TI - A physiologically based toxicokinetic description of the metabolism of inhaled gases and vapors: analysis at steady state. PMID- 7292491 TI - beta-Naphthylisothiocyanate-induced alterations in hepatic drug metabolism and liver morphology. PMID- 7292492 TI - Production of discrete changes in dopamine and noradrenaline levels and turnover in various parts of the rat brain following exposure to xylene, ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene, and ethylbenzene. PMID- 7292493 TI - Effects of photomirex and mirex on reproduction in the rat. PMID- 7292494 TI - Acetylhydrazine hepatotoxicity. PMID- 7292495 TI - Ozone-induced alterations in collagen metabolism of monkey lungs: use of biopsy obtained lung tissue. PMID- 7292496 TI - Inhalation bioassay of cigarette smoke in rats. PMID- 7292497 TI - Difference in the nature of induction of mixed-function oxidase systems of the rat liver among phenobarbital, DDT, 3-methylcholanthrene, and TCDD. PMID- 7292498 TI - A two-year study with cimetidine in the rat: assessment for chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. PMID- 7292499 TI - Tamoxifen-induced generalized lipidosis in rats subchronically treated with high doses. PMID- 7292500 TI - Effect of sulfur mustards on lysosomes from rat liver in vitro. PMID- 7292501 TI - Kinetic characterization of in vitro lead transport across the rat small intestine: mechanism of intestinal lead transport. PMID- 7292502 TI - The effect of dose on the disposition of lead in rats after intravenous and oral administration. PMID- 7292503 TI - Influence of ozone on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice, rats, and hamsters. PMID- 7292504 TI - The role of iron in the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-(p)-dioxin (TCDD). PMID- 7292505 TI - Histochemistry and ultrastructure of the heart in experimental cobalt cardiomyopathy in the dog. PMID- 7292506 TI - Hepatobiliary transport and organ distribution of silver in the rat as influenced by selenite. AB - Bile from rats injected with 110mAgNO3 (1 micromol/kg) were fractionated on Sephadex G-15 revealing binding of silver to one high molecular weight substance and one low molecular weight substance eluting corresponding to the void volume and glutathione (GSH) respectively. Fractionation of AgNO3 and GSH mixed in vitro gave rise to a polynuclear complex and a 1 : 1 complex of Ag+-GSH which both eluted corresponding to silver in bile. Depletion of GSH in the liver by diethylmaleate (3.9 mmol/kg) caused a parallel decrease in the biliary excretion of both silver and reduced GSH. These findings support the hypothesis that silver is excreted into bile by a GSH-dependent mechanism most likely using GSH as a carrier molecule. Selenite (1 micromol/kg) inhibited the biliary excretion of silver while AgNO3 (1 mumol/kg) did not influence the excretion of selenium into bile. Pretreatment with selenite (1 micromol/kg) also caused a retention of silver (AgNO3, 1 micromol/kg) in the blood, kidney and brain. The liver content of silver was decreased and the organ to plasma ratio of silver was unchanged for erythrocytes, but decreased for the brain, kidney and liver, respectively. The effects caused by selenite are attributed to the formation of Ag2Se complexes which are nearly water insoluble and probably unavailable for biliary excretion. Selenium metabolites (GSSeSG, GSSeH) which are excreted into bile are probably not available for complexing with Ag+. PMID- 7292507 TI - Perinatal toxicity of endrin in rodents. III. Alterations of behavioral ontogeny. AB - The behavioral development of rats and hamsters was observed following perinatal exposure to endrin, a central nervous system teratogen in the hamster but not the rat [1,2]. In the hamster, prenatal exposure to endrin at 1.5 mg/kg/day on days 5 14 of gestation produced a persistent elevation in the locomotor activity. Offspring of treated hamsters ambulated 75% more than controls in the open field at 15 days and 45% more at 20 days of age. Long term observations of locomotor activity in the figure-8 mazes indicated that a significant elevation of this behavior was still present at 125 days of age. Non-locomotor behaviors of the Offspring (including sexual, rearing and running wheel behaviors) were unaffected. The dams repeatedly exposed daily to endrin at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg/day were markedly hypoactive using the same testing conditions in which the pups were hyperactive. This dosing regime was toxic to the dams in the 1.5 mg/kg/day dose group, killing more than half of them. In the second experiment, rats exposed perinatally to endrin at 0.15 or 0.30 mg/kg/day were 30% more active than control prior to weaning, but not as adults. These doses did not kill dams or affect the pup survival or growth. The similarity of the behavioral changes noted in the young of both species is suggestive of similar alteration of central nervous system function even though endrin produces gross morphological defects only in the hamster. PMID- 7292508 TI - Reversibility of the toxicological changes induced by photomirex and mirex. AB - Photomirex (8-monohydromirex) is a known environmental contaminant. In a previous 28-day and 90-day study, photomirex was shown to cause a number of biochemical and histological alterations in male rats. The present study was undertaken to determine the reversibility of those changes and to compare both effects and reversibility with the present compound mirex. Male rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 ppm photomirex and 5 ppm or 50 ppm mirex for 28 days. Ten animals/group were killed at this time and the remainder placed on clean feed. Ten animals/group were killed after another 12, 24, and 48 weeks. The lower body weight gain in animals fed 50 ppm photomirex and 50 ppm mirex observed after 28 days on the test was not evidence after 12 weeks on the clean diet or thereafter. Reduced food consumption produced by these groups persisted for 12 weeks but not 24 weeks. Liver hypertrophy was observed in the 5.0-ppm and 50-ppm photomirex groups after 28 days and persisted in the highest dose group for 24 weeks on clean diet. Elevated serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was observed in the 50-ppm photomirex group and persisted for 12 weeks on clean diet. Histological changes in liver and thyroid were present up to 48 weeks on clean diet, whereas treatment-related testicular changes observed after 28 days were not evident after 12 weeks. Significant residues of photomirex were still evident in all tissues examined up to 48 weeks postexposure in the 50-ppm photomirex group. The data indicate that photomirex and mirex are extremely persistent compounds and can result in a variety of biochemical and histological changes long after exposure has ceased. PMID- 7292509 TI - In vitro screening of potential anti-cancer chemicals: effect of purine pyrimidine analogues on seed germination. AB - Germinating Cicer arietinum seeds were used to simulate embryonic tissue for evaluating toxicity of purine and pyrimidine analogues. 6-Mercaptopurine stimulated germination, whereas 8-azaadenine, 8-azaguanine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 6 amino, 2-hydroxypurine and 5-fluorouracil inhibited germination. 6-Methyluracil, 5-aminouracil and methylxanthines, viz. caffeine, theophylline, theobromine and uric acid exhibited little inhibitory effects. RNA synthesis ensued immediately after water imbibition and reached maximum at 12 h of germination. 2,6 Diaminopurine, 8-azaadenine, 8-azaguanine and 5-fluorouracil inhibited RNA synthesis. Cyclic-AMP, adenosine, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and folic acid partially reversed the inhibitory effects produced by purine pyrimidine analogues. Several hitherto untested pyrimidine analogues inhibited germination as well as RNA synthesis. Inhibition of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase was used for purposes of comparison. PMID- 7292510 TI - Zinc, copper and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase in vitro and in vivo. AB - The effects of zinc and copper on delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase were studied in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro addition of zinc alone to whole blood resulted in a highly significant increase in enzyme activity. The addition of copper alone had the opposite effect with a significant decrease in enzyme activity. When both elements were added to whole blood the inhibitory effect of copper was reduced. In in vivo studies of plasma zinc, plasma copper and whole blood delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase, a positive correlation was found between plasma zinc and whole blood delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase and a negative correlation was found between plasma copper and enzyme activity. PMID- 7292511 TI - [2-14C]caffeine metabolism in control and 3-methylcholanthrene induced rat liver microsomes by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Theobromine, theophylline, paraxanthine and 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid were identified as caffeine metabolites after incubation of [2-14C]caffeine with rat liver microsomes and separation by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A 9-fold induction of caffeine metabolism was observed in 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced microsomes and this induction ranged from 4 to 11 times for individual metabolites. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) was about 5-fold, comparable to that of theophylline formation. Primary caffeine metabolism is an enzymic process catalyzed by the microsomal mixed-function oxidases. PMID- 7292512 TI - Burden and dose-related neurochemical effects of intermittent cyclohexane vapour inhalation in rats. AB - Intermittent daily inhalation exposure to 300, 1000 or 2000 ppm of cyclohexane vapour resulted in a dose-dependent solvent concentration in the perirenal fat in rats. The linear relationship changed between the first and second week of exposure as the body solvent burden decreased, despite the continued exposure: this was especially clear in the brain cyclohexane analyses. The salient feature in the brain was the reduction in the activity of azoreductase, while no change could be found in the RNA or glutathione content or in glutathione peroxidase activity. The azoreductase activity was somewhat below the control range after a 2-week withdrawal period, while no solvent could be found and other biochemical variables were within the control ranges. PMID- 7292513 TI - Chemical monitoring of urine from workers potentially exposed to benzidine derived azo dyes. AB - Benzidine (Bzd) and monoacetylbenzidine (MoAcBzd) were found in the urine of workers exposed to benzidine-based azo dyes. A colorimetric screening method, based on the reaction of extracted free aromatic amines with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS), was used with a specific electron-capture gas chromatographic (EC-GC) method. Alkaline hydrolyzable conjugates of Bzd and 2,4-diaminoazobenzene (DiAmAzBz) were found together with free DiAmAzBz and traces of 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (DiMeBzd) and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DiMxBzd). The presence of a known human bladder carcinogen (Bzd) and its metabolites in the urine of workers exposed to benzidine-based azo dyes is a cause for concern. PMID- 7292515 TI - Effects of morphine sulphate on pituitary-testicular morphology of rats. AB - Morphine sulphate was administered, buy s.c. injection, to male rats at 50 mg/kg/day for up to 9 weeks. Control rats were given s.c. injections of sterile water. Serum luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations and the weight and morphology of testes, pituitary glands and secondary sex organs were examined after 4 and 9 weeks' morphine treatment and also 13 weeks after dosing stopped. Treatment with morphine decreased serum LH and testosterone concentrations and reduced secondary sex organ weights. Differential staining techniques revealed modified secretory activity of pituitary gonadotrophic cells. All stages of spermatogenesis were found in testicular sections, but quantitative reductions in spermatogenic cell populations were found among morphine-treated rats. All the observed effects were reversed within 13 weeks of drug withdrawal. These findings are discussed in relation to existing knowledge of the hormonal control of spermatogenesis in rats. PMID- 7292514 TI - Effect of styrene on levels of serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and activity of acetyl cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in rat brain. AB - Oral intubation of styrene (1 ml/kg body weight daily) in adult male albino rats for 15 days produced a significant increase in serotonin and noradrenaline but no change in dopamine contents in brain. The brain of treated animals also showed a significant decrease in monoamine oxidase (MAO) but no change in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. The neurotoxic effects of styrene may be mediated through alterations in levels of these biogenic amines in the brain tissue. PMID- 7292516 TI - Effect of caffeine on rat offspring from treated dams. AB - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given caffeine at 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 g/kg diet during gestation and lactation. At birth, half of the pups from control and treated rats at each dose level were exchanged and cross fostered. Two litters were produced by each animal from each of the experimental groups. Caffeine at dietary concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 g/kg throughout gestation and lactation had no significant effect on birth weight, litter size or development. There was also no effect at these doses following treatment during either gestation alone, or lactation alone. At 1.0 g/kg there was a slight reduction of birth weight, as well as a trend towards lower weight gain in litters from dams fed the test diet throughout gestation and lactation. PMID- 7292518 TI - Early effects of inhaled Ca-DTPA on the rat lung. AB - Inhalation of calcium trisodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Ca-DTPA) increases the removal of plutonium and other transuranics from the body. Data are required to determine possible biological effects from inhaled DTPA. Female rats were given a single or 12 daily, 2-4 h, inhalation exposures to aerosols of 10, 20 and 40% Ca-DTPA and the lungs were examined at 21 and 42 days following the last exposure. No pulmonary pathology was found from the single inhalation treatment with Ca-DTPA while only a slight, peripheral, histiocytosis was observed in the lungs of multiple-treated rats. There was no significant effect of DTPA treatments on body weight, lung weight, hematology or serum chemistry values. PMID- 7292519 TI - Long-term feeding studies in mice fed a diet containing irradiated fish. II. 90 Day toxicity study. AB - Three groups of mice (F2b generation of Part I study) were fed for 90 days, either stock ration or diets containing 45% fish, either non-irradiated or irradiated with 1.75 kGy. Equal amounts of cod and redfish (ocean perch) constituted the fish portion of the diet. Haematological and clinical chemical examinations revealed no treatment-related effects. There were no untoward terminal gross or histopathological changes. An initial lag in weight gain of males fed fish diets was attributed to reduced food consumption, due to the difference in texture of the fish diets compared with the stock ration. PMID- 7292517 TI - The effect of methylcobalamin on the toxicity of methylmercury and mercuric chloride on nervous tissue in culture. AB - Methylcobalamin (methyl-B12, vitamin B12 analog) at a concentration of 0.2 x 10( 5) M tended to inhibit the toxic effect of 1 and 1.5 x 10(-5) M methylmercuric chloride (MMC) on the development of nerve fibers, glial cells and fibroblasts from newborn rat cerebellum explants. Methyl-B12 at greater than 1 x 10(-5) M significantly inhibited the toxic effect of 1 and 1.5 x 10(-5) M MMC. However, the protective effect of methyl-B12 against the toxicity of mercuric chloride (MC) was not significant. These results are in accord with an interaction of alkyl mercurials with membranes of nervous tissue, producing the degenerative changes in the cells, since vitamin B12 increases the lipid synthesis in nervous tissue. The results also indicate that the mechanism of toxic action of organic mercury is different from that of inorganic mercury. PMID- 7292520 TI - Correlation of liver tumor morphology and weight to incidence of pulmonary metastases in the mouse. AB - Benzidine dihydrochloride administered in water at 0, 30, 60, 120, 200 or 400 ppm to 1664 mice induced a total of 368 hepatocellular carcinomas, of which 34 or 9.2% metastasized to the lungs. Liver tumors which were larger and heavier were more prone to metastasize and all that metastasized contained areas of prominent trabecular formation. PMID- 7292521 TI - Form of cadmium in rat liver subcellular particle. AB - Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was injected s.c., 1.5 mg Cd/kg body weight into female Wistar rats for 7 consecutive days. Liver tissue was subfractionated, and ca. 2% of Cd in the tissue was found in the mitochondria and lysosomes, respectively. A high proportion of Cd, in the solubilized mitochondria and lysosomes, was bound to metallothionein and a small amount was distributed to higher molecular weight fraction. Cd in liver mitochondria and lysosomes exists mainly in the form of metallothionein. PMID- 7292522 TI - Inhibition of mutagenesis in Chinese hamster V-79 cells by antioxidants. AB - The mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) on Chinese hamster V-79 cells cocultivated with X-irradiated hamster embryo cells was inhibited by phenolic antioxidants, such as tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT), but not by disulfiram and its related compounds such as tetraethylthiuram disulfide, diethyldithiocarbamic acid and dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The mutagenicity of BP on V-79 cells was reduced 44% by BHA and 25% by BHT. BHA inhibited BP-induced mutagenesis, but not N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N acetoxy-AAF)-induced mutagenesis. BHA is suggested to inhibit the mutagenic action of BP by altering its metabolism. PMID- 7292523 TI - Decreased copper content in rat kidney metallothionein and its relation to acute cadmium nephropathy. AB - Repeated s.c. injections of cadmium chloride into rats (3 mg Cd/kg body weight, 4 times a week) caused acute and transitory tubular necrosis after 2 to 3 weeks; recovery was observed after 4 weeks despite continued loading. Kidney copper decreased for the first 3 weeks and was slightly increased after 4 weeks. Distribution profiles of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) on an SW column revealed that elution profiles of kidney metallothionein changed from typical kidney with high copper content to typical liver metallothioneins with tubular necrosis and restoration. PMID- 7292524 TI - Transformation of BHK 21/CL 13 cells by various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using the method of Styles. AB - Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated by the cell transformation assay method of Styles. Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], chrysene (CH), 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MC), benz(a)anthracene (BA), benzo(b)fluoranthene [B(b)F], and dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DBA) were tested, including liver homogenate, and showed dose-effect relationships and a more than 2-fold increase of transformation rates at LC50. Due to variations of the test method our results differed quantitatively from the data published by Purchase and Styles. Discrimination between the known carcinogens listed above and the noncarcinogens, phenanthrene (PA) and anthracene (AC), lacking a dose-effect relationship was, however, possible. Benzo(e)pyrene [B(e)P] was regarded as positive although producing only a 2-fold increase in the number of transformed colonies. PMID- 7292525 TI - Inhibition of succinate-linking reduction of pyridine nucleotide in rat liver mitochondria 'in vivo' by N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine. AB - The pattern of the interaction of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (PMG), a broad spectrum and non-selective herbicide with succinate-linked reduction of pyridine nucleotide, was investigated in liver mitochondria isolated 5 h after albino rats were given i.p. injections of PMG. Although there was no appreciable inhibition of the reduction of pyridine nucleotide at dosage levels less than 150 mg PMG/kg, the extent of inhibition increased as the dose was raised to 240 mg PMG/kg. Maximal inhibition of 34.5% and 45.4% were obtained at 240 mg PMG/kg when externally added ATP and high-energy intermediate, respectively, were used as the source of energy. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of PMG may be due to its uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7292527 TI - Lack of induction of dominant lethal mutations in male mice by nalidixic acid. AB - Nalidixic acid (NA) in single or in 5 consecutive daily doses of 100 or 1000 mg/kg produced no dominant lethal mutational effects in male ddY strain mice during an 8-week mating schedule. Ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), used as a positive control, produced dominant lethal mutations in the first and second weeks. PMID- 7292528 TI - The hepatotoxicity of thiobenzamide-S-oxide. AB - Administration of thiobenzamide (TB) (0.18 mmol/100 g b.w.) to rats caused the appearance in serum and urine of a compound identified as thiobenzamide-S-oxide. When synthesized and given by oral administration, this compound induced the early appearance of liver centrilobular necrosis, impairment of glucose-6 phosphatase and aminopyrine demethylase activities, and diminished cytochrome P 450 content. Liver necrosis was suppressed by the prior administration of 20 methylcholanthrene. It is concluded that TB-S-oxide is involved, possibly as a proximate precursor, in TB-induced liver damage. PMID- 7292526 TI - Influence of pretreatment with tobacco smoke condensate or 3-methylcholanthrene on [14C] benzo (a) pyrene metabolism in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. AB - Pretreatment 24 h before sacrifice with i.p. tobacco smoke condensate (TSC) or 3 methylcholanthrene (3MC) increased the rate of disappearance of [14C]benzo(a)pyrene (BP) from an isolated perfused rabbit lung model. Both pretreatments significantly increased the amount of most metabolites formed. This study indicates that rabbits tend to resemble rats, mice and hamsters in that increased rates of pulmonary BP metabolism are a consequence of exposure to TSC. PMID- 7292529 TI - In vivo subacute physiological stress induced by phenolic compounds on acid and alkaline phosphatases in serum of a fish, Notopterus notopterus. AB - The in vivo effects of phenol (P), dinitrophenol (DNP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and their combinations--antagonistic [(PCP + DNP)/P], additive [(DNP + P)/PCP] and synergistic [(P + DNP)/PCP] [18]--on acid and alkaline phosphatases in serum of Notopterus notopterus have been studied at three subacute levels (1/10, 1/15 and 1/20 of 96-h LC50) after 15 and 30 days of exposure. Stimulation in acid phosphatase was more pronounced than in alkaline phosphatase when the fish were exposed to P, DNP, PCP and (P + DNP)/PCP for both time intervals. In (PCP + DNP)/P and (DNP + P)/PCP, however, the stimulation was greater in alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7292531 TI - Decline in life expectancy. PMID- 7292530 TI - Long-term feeding studies in mice fed a diet containing irradiated fish. I. Multigeneration reproduction, mutagenicity, teratology, and longevity studies. AB - A wholesomeness feeding study was carried out in mice fed equal amounts of cod or redfish, comprising 45% of the diet. Three groups of animals received either irradiated [1.75 kGy (175 krad)] fish, non-irradiated fish or stock ration. A 90 day subchronic study, a multigeneration reproduction, a dominant lethality and a teratology study were carried out together with an 80-week oncogenic study on the F1 generation. No adverse effects were noted on growth, reproduction and litter behaviour, in relation to dominant lethality, teratogenicity or oncogenicity. PMID- 7292532 TI - Population growth in the United States and Canada. PMID- 7292533 TI - Standardized mortality rates. PMID- 7292534 TI - The use of 17-epimethyltestosterone radioimmunoassay in following excretion of methandienone metabolites in urine. AB - A radioimmunoassay determination method was developed for 17 epimethyltestosterone (17 alpha-hydroxy-17-methyl-4-androstein-3-one). Excretion of metabolites during and after methandienone (17 beta-hydroxy-17-methyl-1,4 androstadien-3-one) administration was followed in human urine samples by RIA tests for methandienone and 17-epimethyltestosterone. While alternating peaks were found in both measured excretion curves, their addition results in a normal curve showing a plateau between the 3rd and 6th day of the drug administration. Furthermore, due to the presence of higher amounts of epi-configurated metabolites, the new test has a higher effectiveness in the detection of the metabolites. PMID- 7292535 TI - Effect of estrogens on beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesterol levels. AB - The effect of estrogens on hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesterol in serum and liver of ovariectomized rats on normal diet 2% cholestyramine diet or 2% cholesterol diet was investigated. Estrogen administration to ovariectomized rats on normal diet resulted in increased reductase activity and was correlated with decreased serum cholesterol and increased liver cholesterol levels with mestranol (ME), ethinyl estradiol (EE) and estradiol benzoate (EB, 250 microgram) but increased serum and liver cholesterol levels with 25 microgram and 100 microgram EB administration. The increased stimulation of reductase activity by estrogen administration was abolished when rats were fed a 2% cholesterol diet. Cholestryramine feeding markedly increased reductase activity in livers of ovariectomized rats. These studies show that estrogens are not absolutely required for the stimulation of reductase activity and therefore is consistent with the model in which cholesterol functions as a feedback repressor of reductase activity. PMID- 7292536 TI - Solvolysis of chenodeoxycholic acid sulfates. AB - Chemical solvolysis of chenodeoxycholic acid sulfates was studied using 4 published methods. Quantitative recovery of chenodeoxycholic acid from the 3 sulfate was obtained with each method. However, only 2 methods yielded chenodeoxycholic acid after solvolysis of the 7-sulfate. In each instance a compound resembling lithocholic acid by GLC but identifiable as a derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid by mass spectrometry was obtained and represents a product formed during solvolysis. Failure to obtain adequate solvolysis of chenodeoxycholic acid 7-sulfate can lead to false identification of monohydroxy bile acids and apparent absence of th 7-sulfate and disulfate esters. PMID- 7292537 TI - Production of 17-hydroxypregnenolone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone by the immature rat ovary. AB - The concentration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-prog), but not 17 hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-preg), was detectable in the sera of 5 day old female rats. The level of 17-OH-preg increased dramatically between day 5 and 10, remained high for 5 days and then decreased to low levels by day 25; a second increase was found on day 35. 17-OH-prog began to increase in the serum after day 10, reached a peak by day 20 and then decreased by day 25 and remained the same through day 35. Stimulation of the ovaries of intact females with 20 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin resulted in a prompt increase in both progestins, but a much larger increase in 17-OH-preg than in 17-OH-prog. Increases were similar, but quantitatively less, in hypophysectomized females. The results demonstrate that the ovaries of immature rats contain an active 17 hydroxylase system. PMID- 7292538 TI - 7 beta -hydroxycardenolide glycosides. AB - The microbial transformation of digitoxin (I) by Streptomyces sp. yielded digoxin (III) as main product along with the by-products 7beta -hydroxydigitoxin (II) and 7beta -hydroxydigoxin (IV). The present paper is concerned with the structure elucidation of 7beta-hydroxycardenolides as well as with the formation of some of their derivatives. PMID- 7292539 TI - Evidence of a sex related difference of transcortin level in adult ducks. AB - Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) serum level as evaluated by either equilibrium dialysis or gel filtration was found to be higher in male than in female adult ducks during the reproductive period. Castration did not modify CBG concentrations in females, whereas in males it induced a significant decreased in CBG, to the level observed in intact or castrated females. Testosterone injections administrated to castrated females increased CBG to the level of adult intact males. Finally it was found that testosterone stimulated CBG production in ducks without altering thyroxine levels. PMID- 7292540 TI - 5alpha-reduction of an anti-androgen TSAA-291, 16beta-ethyl-17beta-hydroxy-4 estren-3-one, by nuclear 5alpha-reductase in rat prostates. AB - Inhibition of 5alpha-reduction of testosterone by an anti-androgen TSAA-291 (16beta-ethyl-17beta-hydroxy-4-estren-3-one) was studied in rat ventral prostates and the metabolic conversion of 3H-TSAA-291 was examined both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro experiment using nuclear 5alpha-reductase of the prostate, 5alpha-dihydrostestosterone formation from 3H-testosterone was inhibited in a competitive manner by the anti-androgen. In the in vitro experiment using 3H-TSAA 291, 5alpha-reduction of the anti-androgen occurred. One, 2 and 4 hr after an intravenous administration of 140 muCi/rat of 3H-TSAA-291 to castrated rats, the unchanged TSAA-291 accumulated in higher amounts in the ventral prostate than in the plasma, skeletal muscle and levator ani muscle, thereby indicating the selective uptake of the anti-androgen by the androgen target organ. No appreciable amounts of the 5alpha-reduced metabolite of TSAA-291 were detected in the prostate, thus suggesting that TSAA-291 itself may be responsible for the anti-androgenic properties. The inhibitory potency of the 5alpha-reductase activity of several other 16beta-substituted androstane and estrane analogues was also examined. PMID- 7292541 TI - Development of a solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for plasma progesterone. AB - A solid-phase immunoassay procedure for the determination of progesterone in human plasma is described, which utilizes chemiluminescence as the end-point. A progesterone-isoluminol conjugate serves as the chemiluminescent marker. An IgG fraction of antiserum to progesterone-11 alpha-hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin is passively adsorbed to the walls of Lumacuvettes P polystyrene test tubes. After the binding reaction, the cuvettes are washed. The light yield of the bound conjugate upon oxidation with a H2O2-microperoxidase system at pH 13 decreased with increasing free progesterone concentration in a log-linear manner over the range 15-1000 pg/tube. The chemiluminescence immunoassay is comparable to radioimmunoassay with regard to sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy. The assay offers the advantages of speed and ease of automation. In addition, this method does not involve the use of radioisotopes or of a centrifugation step. PMID- 7292543 TI - [Characteristics of fractures of the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae in a blow from a heavy blunt object]. PMID- 7292544 TI - [Forensic medical characteristics of injuries caused by the KS-2.6 silage harvester]. PMID- 7292542 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies to pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide for the development of a solid phase chemiluminescence immunoassay. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide were produced by hybridomas between P3-X63-Ag8 variants and spleen cell of mice immunized with a bovine serum albumin conjugate of the homologous hapten. The ascites fluid collected from mice inoculated with the cloned hybridoma cells contained antibodies with high specificity and affinity to pregnanediol-3 alpha glucuronide. A sensitive solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay for urinary pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide was established utilizing these antibodies. The assay was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, sensitivity and precision. When urine samples were assayed for pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide, the results obtained by the solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay method and the conventional gas liquid chromatographic method agreed well (n = 30, r = 0.96). The method may be of value for monitoring luteal function since it is fast, sensitive and does not require the use of radioisotopes or purification of the biological sample. Monoclonal antibody preparations facilitate rigorous standardization of the assay. PMID- 7292546 TI - [Characteristics of the development of strangulation asphyxia in various methods of complete hanging]. PMID- 7292545 TI - [Possibility of defining specifically the close distance of a shot from the 5.45 mm AKA-74 submachine gun]. PMID- 7292547 TI - [Characteristics of violent death in Moscow in 1974-1979]. PMID- 7292548 TI - [Human and animal hair thickness studied by projection microscopy]. PMID- 7292549 TI - [Sudden death from ischemic heart disease under the climatic conditions of regions of the Far North, western Siberia and Central Asia]. PMID- 7292550 TI - [Histopathology and ultrastructure of focal myocardial injuries in sudden death from ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7292551 TI - [Postmortem differential diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and ethanol poisoning]. PMID- 7292552 TI - [Endogenous ethanol concentration in human blood]. PMID- 7292553 TI - [Distribution of macro- and trace elements in the organs of experimental animals at different times after death from hydrogen sulfide poisoning]. PMID- 7292554 TI - [Mathematical data processing in blood spectrophotometry for determining carboxyhemoglobin]. PMID- 7292555 TI - [Agar-diffusion method of detecting organophosphate pesticides in cadaveric material]. PMID- 7292556 TI - [Possibility of detecting dimethyl sulfoxide in cadaveric material]. PMID- 7292557 TI - [Selenium losses during organic tissue mineralization]. PMID- 7292558 TI - [Electrolyte effect on heliotrine and lasiocarpine extraction with organic solvents]. PMID- 7292559 TI - [Determination of tubocurarine in the liver]. PMID- 7292560 TI - [Joint work of forensic medical expertise with public health departments]. PMID- 7292561 TI - [Participation of forensic medical experts in improving medical care for the population and in conducting prophylactic programs]. PMID- 7292562 TI - [Theoretical prerequisites for utilizing the mathematical modeling method in forensic medical identification studies]. PMID- 7292563 TI - [Forensic medical method of studying the facial skeleton in trauma]. PMID- 7292564 TI - [Spontaneous esophageal ruptures (Boerhaave's and Mallory-Weiss syndromes)]. PMID- 7292565 TI - [Expert assessment of trauma in the origin of a basal subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 7292566 TI - [Hemiton poisoning]. PMID- 7292567 TI - [Case of establishing the instrument in a burn injury]. PMID- 7292568 TI - [Fetal death from acute ethanol poisoning]. PMID- 7292569 TI - [Establishment of individual identity by Y chromatin]. PMID- 7292570 TI - [Differential diagnostic signs of bone injuries of the cranial vault by objects with a limited flat surface]. PMID- 7292571 TI - Suicidal behavior: toward an explanation of differences in female and male rates. AB - The explanation of sex differences is based on Breed's five "components of a basic suicide syndrome" which appears to be a satisfactory model for explaining male suicide. Thus far it has not been used to explain female suicidal behavior and sex differences in attempts. It appears that if sex differences are noted the model is adequate. This is because the same factors affect the sexes differently; the content and structure of the roles are different. Failure for males is obvious, but the female role is diffuse and lacking in standards for both success and failure. Female commitment to role and cultural goals is not less, just different and diffuse. Rigidity of roles varies but male goals are usually more specific. Shame, when men do blame themselves, is in the context of a narrow role. Contrary to popular belief, isolation of men is probably greater than that of women. PMID- 7292572 TI - Bereavement group for parents who suffered a suicidal loss of a child. PMID- 7292573 TI - Suicide among minority elderly: a preliminary investigation. AB - In the United States, suicide has traditionally been considered a White elderly phenomenon. Suicide rates have been increasing for Nonwhites in recent years, but it is not clear how this may have affected the age distribution, particularly for specific Nonwhite groups. An investigation of official 1976 suicide statistics among minority elderly revealed that suicide rates are also highest among the old for Chinese-, Japanese- and Filipino-Americans. Among Blacks and Native Americans, however, suicide rates are extremely low for the aged. Explanations for these findings are suggested and the need for a long-term study is indicated. PMID- 7292574 TI - Homicide prevention and intervention. PMID- 7292575 TI - Some common characteristics of latency-age suicidal children: a tentative model based on case study analyses. AB - Eleven latency-age (6 1/2 to 12 1/2) boys and girls who attempted or threatened suicide were investigated by means of the following information: intensive interviews, therapeutic meetings, direct observation in school, meetings with teachers, and survey of school records. The families of the children were also interviewed. In spite of the many differences between the children's personalities and backgrounds, some common dynamic features seemed to emerge: (a) There was a suicidal parent in the family, in most cases the mother; (b) Most of the families of these children were engaged in a major crisis, not necessarily centered around the suicidal child; (c) The children experienced demands by the parents to assume responsibilities which the children perceived as being beyond their capability; (d) There was a lack of satisfying relationships with adults; (e) Most children perceived death in a paradoxical way, believing that death was a need satisfying state yet fearing death; (f) The children showed strong positive strivings to say alive and were able to experience joy and happiness in spite of feelings of desperation and depression. A model based on the above multifaceted forces is presented. These forces consist of attractiveness of life, repulsiveness of life, attractiveness of death, and repulsiveness of death. Some of diagnostic and predictive uses of this model are elaborated. PMID- 7292576 TI - Androgen binding cytosol receptors in the rat thymus: physicochemical properties, specificity and localisation. AB - Normal rat-thymus cytosol was shown to contain a 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding species characterised by low capacity and high affinity (Kd-6 X 10(-10) M). The principal binding moiety had a sedimentation coefficient of 8 S at low ionic strength. Competitive binding studies with 61 compounds showed that the specificity was highly androgenic while comparison with similar data from the prostate indicated that the thymic androgen receptor had a different specificity pattern. The thymus was not found to be capable of 5 alpha-reduction; unlike the prostate, it rapidly metabolised testosterone to androstenedione. Androgen receptor levels were significantly higher in intact females than males and the binding species was positively identified only in medullary tissue--thymocytes were devoid of the receptor. This data supports the idea that the thymus is an androgen-responsive tissue and that at least part of the immunoregulatory effects of androgens are mediated through the thymus. PMID- 7292577 TI - The cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger: similarity to and differentiation from the DiGeorge syndrome. AB - A child with the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger, who was originally diagnosed as having the DiGeorge syndrome, was studied and transplanted unsuccessfully with cultured thymus. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the importance of distinguishing the two disorders emphasized. Autopsy studies reveal that transplanted cultured thymic fragments can attract lymphoid aggregates as early as 2 wk after transplantation. PMID- 7292579 TI - Filtration plasmapheresis in vivo. AB - A continuous-flow filtration plasmapheresis system has been developed as an alternative to conventional techniques for conducting plasmapheresis from blood donors. The system was tested in two stages, nonreinfusion and continuous reinfusion. Donor safety, separation efficiency, and plasma quality were examined. These studies indicate that membrane plasmapheresis is feasible, safe to the donor, and yields sufficient plasma for either therapeutic or component therapy use. PMID- 7292580 TI - Comparative morphology of granulocytes collected by three methods of leukapheresis. A light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy study. AB - The morphology of granulocytes collected by continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC), discontinuous-flow centrifugation (DFC), and continuous-flow filtration (CFF) was investigated in 18 healthy donors by means of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopy study of semithin sections of granulocytes collected by CFC and DFC showed minimal morphologic abnormalities, compared to granulocytes procured by CFF. Ultrastructural study of granulocytes procured by CFF showed more conspicuous qualitative and quantitative abnormalities (the most prominent being "microvilli," degranulation, and bazarre chromatin) than in granulocytes obtained by the other two methods. Controls showed that the bulk of CFF-cell abnormalities was due to the "tapping" of the filters. Factors such as the mechanical compression (plasma extractor) used in DFC method, donor pretreatment with anticoagulants and steroids, hydroxyethyl starch, and duration of leukapheresis scarcely influenced granulocyte morphology. PMID- 7292578 TI - Anti-Tm is anti-N polypeptide. AB - Anti-Tm defines an antigen in the MN blood group system, and 382 Tm + samples were found in tests on 900 random Caucasian, and 500 random Negro bloods. Of the 382 Tm + samples, 373 were also N +, but a further 625 N+ samples were nonreactive with anti-Tm. We have now shown that when the original anti-Tm serum is adsorbed free of anti-T, and is tested against neuraminidase-treated red blood cells, it has anti-N specificity. Further, while anti-Tm cannot be inhibited by sialoglycoprotein (SGP) preparations from untreated N+ red blood cells, it is inhibited by SGP fractions prepared from N+ red blood cells that have been pretreated with neuraminidase. It seems that anti-Tm is directed against a part of the polypeptide backbone of the N SGP. PMID- 7292581 TI - Cryopreserved red blood cells for pediatric transfusion. Frozen storage of small aliquots in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic bags. AB - Human nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated red bood cells were prepared for cryopreservation and subsequent pediatric transfusion. Glycerol was added to the red blood cells in the primary polyvinyl chloride plastic collection bag to achieve a concentration of 40 per cent W/V. The red blood cells were concentrated by centrifugation, and the supernatant glycerol was discarded. Each glycerolized unit was divided into four equal aliquots in the individual 600-ml bags of a dry quadruple polyvinyl chloride plastic system, and each aliquot was frozen and stored at -80 C. After thawing, sodium chloride solutions were used to wash the aliquots in the IBM Blood Processor 2991-1 or 2991-2 or the Haemonetics Blood Processor 115, and the washed aliquots were stored in a sodium chloride-glucose phosphate solution at 4 C for 24 hours. Freeze-thaw recovery of the red blood cells was about 97 per cent, and freeze-thaw-wash recovery was about 84 per cent. Twenty-four-hour posttransfusion survival values were about 92 per cent for both nonrejuvenated and indated-rejuvenated red blood cells. Nonrejuvenated red blood cells, those frozen within three to five days of collection without biochemical modification, had normal oxygen transport function at the time of transfusion; rejuvenated red blood cells, those biochemically treated with PIGPA Solution A after three to five days of storage at 4 C, had improved oxygen transport function at the time of transfusion. PMID- 7292582 TI - Effect of temperature on the red cell membrane protein and its antigenic reactivity. AB - The red blood cell membrane protein pattern of erythrocytes exposed to 50 C for 10 to 15 minutes was found to be abnormal by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Membranes of heated red blood cells consistently had significant elevation of band 7 and 8. The total membrane protein content (mg/10(9) cells) of heated erythrocytes was increased, but the sialic acid content was normal. Heated erythrocytes showed a consistent decrease in the reactivity of Fya and Jka antigens. Other blood group antigens were variably affected by temperature elevation. These observations may explain the mechanism of antibody elution by heat. PMID- 7292583 TI - Transfusion significance of Lewis system antibodies. Report on a nationwide survey. AB - A nationwide survey of hospital blood banks conducted in February 1979 indicated that the majority of respondents require only reagent tested Lea and/or Leb negative blood for transfusion to patients with Lewis system antibodies in their serum. The policy was followed even if the antibody(ies) no longer was demonstrable in the serum or was reactive at room temperature and below. Only 11.4 per cent select blood for these patients on the basis of major crossmatch compatibility alone; 56 per cent require only reagent tested antigen negative blood for transfusion under all circumstances. The results of this survey and a review of the literature indicate the need for further studies on the transfusion significance of Lewis system antibodies. PMID- 7292584 TI - Plasma exchange in the treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn. AB - Plasma exchange has become a widely used therapeutic tool in the treatment of immune-mediated disease. This technique has been applied to the treatment of gravid women whose high antibody titers and past history of stillbirths indicate a significant possibility of fetal loss due to HDN. The procedure was effective in decreasing both antibody titer and the quantity of antibody in four of five patients. In one other case, the antibody titer rose toward the end of the pregnancy; however, the quantity of anti-D remained low. The IgG:IgM ratio and the subclass specificity of IgG did not significantly change with treatment. Hematologic monitoring also indicated no adverse effects, and three of the five women delivered viable fetuses. Two of the other women produced infants only moderately affected by HDN but stillborn within days of intrauterine transfusion. The results indicate that plasma exchange is a useful therapeutic consideration in the sensitized gravid women. PMID- 7292585 TI - Platelet collection and transfusion using the fenwal CS-3000 cell separator. AB - A prototype model of the Fenwal CS-3000 Blood Cell Separator (Deerfield, IL) was studied for plateletpheresis in 63 donors and 5 transfusions in patients. Donor effects were consistent with platelet removal and mild hemodilution. The incidence of reactions (9 of 63) was low and all were mild "citrate" type. A two hour collection yielded 4.0 +/- 0.72 x 10(11) platelets at an efficiency of 45 +/ 6.9 per cent. The product had little contamination with leukocytes (0.26 +/- 1.2 x 10(9) and red blood cells (hematocrit less than 1%). Morphology and pH were well preserved during 24 hours of storage. Four patients with uncomplicated aregenerative thrombocytopenia were transfused on five occasions, with a mean of 4.5 +/- 0.87 x 10(11) platelets resulting in a mean platelet count increment of 55,000/microliter and dramatic reduction in template bleeding times. PMID- 7292586 TI - Admissions procedures of educational programs for the specialist in blood bank technology. AB - A national survey of specialists in blood bank technology educational programs was performed to describe current admissions procedures. Programs generally were AABB approved for and accepted either two or four students annually from 10 to 14 complete applications which result from 25 to 50 inquiries. The program selection criteria usually included an evaluation of overall GPA, science GPA, prior blood bank experience, three professional references, and a non-standardized interview with the medical director, educational coordinator, and other faculty or staff. Admissions procedures were characterized by an admissions committee of four members differentially weighting the various selection criteria that often were not quantified through the use of a point value system. Programs reported that their admissions procedures were not quantified through the use of a point value system. Programs reported to their admissions procedures were objective enough and resulted in students of adequate quality, even though their procedures could be improved, possibly with more specific AABB guidelines. PMID- 7292588 TI - Abstracts of papers to be presented at the American Association of Blood Banks 34th annual meeting. October 30-November 4, 1981. PMID- 7292587 TI - Another example of anti-Tca. PMID- 7292589 TI - A histological investigation of allografts of mature mouse molars to an intrabony and an extrabony site. AB - Fully developed mandibular third molar teeth, allografted across an H-2 plus multiple non-H-2 barrier to the tibial shaft medulla and renal subcapsular site in mice, were examined histologically over a 12-month period after transplantation. Cellular degeneration within the pulp chamber occurred in the immediate post-transplantation period and was followed by pulp chamber repopulation by a vascular fibrous connective tissue during the first 14 days after transplantation. Progressive regeneration of the grafts occurred and was characterized by irregular tubular dentine formation followed by more organized tubular dentine deposition on the pulp chamber walls. Allografts at both sites eventually underwent rejection, and it was apparent that grafts at the subcapsular kidney site were rejected in a shorter time (35 to 56 days) than those at the tibial shaft site (56 to 70 days). When mature teeth were allografted to the tibial shaft medulla across multiple minor (non-H-2) barriers alone, similar changes were observed with grafts undergoing rejection 56 to 70 days after transplantation. External root resorption and ankylosis were not prominent features and periodontal ligament reorganization was not observed in any of the grafts. PMID- 7292590 TI - Qualitative and quantitative aspects of anti-H-2Ld sera. AB - Two anti-H-2Ld sera were analyzed, BALB/c-H-2dm2 anti-BALB/cBy and (C3H X BALB/c H-2dm2)F1 anti-BALB/cHe, the latter also containing anti-Qa antibodies. Their reaction patterns were compared with an anti-Qa serum (C3H X BALB/cBy)F1 anti BALB/cHe. Four H-2 specificities could be detected by the anti-H-2Ld sera, two already known (H-2.64, H-2.65) and two new specificities (H-2.81, H-2.82). According to their reaction pattern H-2.64, H-2.81, and H-2.82 can be regarded as members of the H-2.28 family of specificities. A quantitative difference in the expression of these H-2 specificities exists in different haplotypes. The cells of the strain against which the sera were made (BALB/cHe and BALB/cBy, respectively) did not give the highest titers with the antisera and had a relatively low absorbing capacity. The H-2dx haplotype carries two new specificities of the H-2.28 family, namely, H-2.81 and H-2.82. Lysostrip tests showed that the antibodies against those specificities cap the H-2.1-positive H 2Ddx molecules, suggesting that these molecules may react with both anti-H-2.1 like and anti-H-2.28-like antibodies. The H-2 specificities detected by the BALB/c-H-2dm2 anti-BALB/cBy serum were detected also in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and lung tissue. New information on the strain distribution of Qa-2 was obtained from the experiments and a quantitative difference in Qa-2 antigens between H-2 congenic strains was observed as well. The H-2b strains react with these antibodies with higher titers than the strains carrying the H-2d haplotype. PMID- 7292592 TI - Status of visceral leishmaniasis in northern Pakistan: a seroepidemiological assessment. PMID- 7292593 TI - Aetiology and control of chronic pyogenic osteomyelitis in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. AB - Fifty-six patients suffering from chronic osteomyelitis, who attended the University of Ife Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between November 1976 and December 1977 were studied. Poor hygiene, ignorance, sickle cell disease, and minor trauma in the form of cuts, abrasions, insect bites, and thorn-pricks were the main predisposing factors. Open fractures resulting from road accidents, and infection following surgical procedures, contributed to a lesser extent and may well become the main source of chronic bone infection in the near future. Measures are suggested for the control of the disease. PMID- 7292591 TI - Protective effects of alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10 on warm ischemic damages of the rat kidney. AB - Studies were done on the protective effects of alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on warm ischemic damage to the rat kidney. Administration of alpha tocopherol (10 mg/kg body wt/day) for 7 days or a single i.p. injection of CoQ10 (6 mg/kg body wt) increased the survival rate from 0 to 46.7% of the rats subjected to warm ischemia for 120 min. The administration of alpha-tocopherol and CoQ10 increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the renal tissue from 0.53 +/ 0.18 to 0.92 +/- 0.29, and from 0.64 +/- 0.26 to 1.00 +/- 0.54 mumol/g wet weight, respectively, 4-hr reperfusion after 120 min of warm ischemia. Serum creatinine levels of the surviving rats after 120 min of warm ischemia was 9.98 +/- 0.19 mg/100 ml in the control group and 5.84 +/- 0.95 and 7.27 +/- 1.62 mg/100 ml, respectively, in alpha-tocopherol and CoQ10 administered group, when determined 2 days after the operation. These results indicate that alpha tocopherol and CoQ10 have a protective effect on warm ischemic damage to the rat kidney, demonstrated by an increase in ATP resynthesis after reflow following warm ischemia and by the maintenance of a lower serum creatinine level. This effect was accompanied by an increase in the survival rate of ischemic rats. PMID- 7292595 TI - Initial experiences in a new gynaecological unit in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 7292594 TI - Incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Benin City, Nigeria. AB - A study of 100 consecutive cases of ectopic pregnancy managed over a 21-month period in the University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology is reported. The results show that this is a common gynaecological emergency in the community. Although pelvic inflammatory disease appears to be an important aetiological factor, a significant proportion showed no evidence of previous pelvic sepsis. The usual surgical treatment of cases in our unit is, where possible, total salpingectomy rather than salpingo-oophorectomy. PMID- 7292596 TI - Trends in births and deaths in South Indian plantations. PMID- 7292597 TI - Sleeping sickness epidemic in Busoga, Uganda. PMID- 7292598 TI - Oral replacement therapy in rural Bangladesh with home ingredients. PMID- 7292599 TI - Reflections on the passage of Strongyloides fulleborni to human infants in mothers' milk. PMID- 7292601 TI - The blood film as a routine screening test in rural tropical hospitals. PMID- 7292600 TI - Schistosomal nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 7292603 TI - [Functional and ultrastructural lysosome changes in surviving rat liver sections as affected by blood serum lipoproteins]. AB - Using surviving rat liver slices, the influence of blood serum lipoproteins on cellular lysosomes was studied. Lipoproteins were isolated by the preparative isopicnic ultracentrifugation method. Apoproteins were separated by means of delipidation of suitable lipoprotein fractions. After preincubation of liver slices in media with high density lipoproteins (HDLP), low and very low density lipoproteins (LDDLP, VLDLP), apo-HDLP and apo-VLDLP, the rise of free acid hydrolase activities was seen. The stability of lysosomes in hypotonic solutions turned out to be low, and the tendency to lysosomal aggregation increased. Typical peribiliary localization of lysosomes in the cell remained unchanged. Following preincubation of liver slices with hydrocortisone, adrenalin and VLDLP or LDLP, the rise of free lysosomal enzyme activity, greater aggregation and lysosome polymorphism and their less osmotic resistance took place. After liver slice preincubation with hormones and HDLP, besides all of these changes, the lysosomal translocation to the nuclei was seen. When apoproteins, separately or together with hormones, were added, the same type of alteration of lysosomal membranes occurred. Our results suggest an importance of lipo (apo) proteins in the control of structure and functions of cellular lysosomal apparatus. PMID- 7292602 TI - [Effect of extracellular ATP on the characteristics of synaptosomes from the rat cerebral cortex]. AB - The extracellular ATP, Ca2+, Mg2+, ATP-Ca2+ and ATP + Mg2+ affect the optical density (at 520 nm) and turbidity spectra in suspensions of light and heavy synaptosomes and in mitochondria prepared from rat cerebral cortex. The properties of the light synaptosomes are associated only with their volume changes; the heavy synaptosomes and mitochondria also change their refractive indices. These results could be interpreted by structural (conformational) rearrangements occurring in membranes under such conditions. A support for this assumption was found in the studies on the spin-labeled synaptosomes. PMID- 7292604 TI - [Intraclonal heterogeneity and instability of CHO-K1 Chinese hamster cells in sensitivity to ultraviolet light and resistance to 8-azaguanine]. AB - The phenotypic instability of a 8-azaguanine (AG)-resistant clone A14--2c-1 was previously reported (Abramyan et al., 1979) to be determined by genetic (replicative) instability. Further, phenotype gene activity changes are characteristic of genetically instable "mutant", which may be "passed" from one locus to another. In the present work, some clones were isolated from clone A14 2c-1 differing in their sensitivity to lethal UV-radiation, lethal dose D37 differences being almost 6 times. During a further cultivation through 90 passages (300 cell generations), two of four clones changed their D37 values: for clone 2c-15 it increased by 3 times, for clone 2c-16 it decreased more than twice. Besides, subclones of 2c-15 and 2c-16 clones had also different D37 values. With respect to AG-resistance, clone 2s-15 was shown to have LD50 to AG, similar to that of the parental one-while in 3 other clones LD50 was 3 times as much. These differences are associated with variations in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity: in clones A14-2c-1 and 2c-15 this activity is two times higher than in other clones. All the clones have the same value of the Michaelis constant for hypoxanthine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. It can be outlined that difference in HPRT activity and quantity in cells are closely related. Thus, phenotypic instability of A14-2c-1 clone offers characteristic features of genetic (replicative) instability: instability in AG resistance and UV-sensitivity coincides with interclonal heterogeneity according to unstable markers; the unstable property may be transmitted from one locus (responsible for AG-resistance) to be another one (UV-sensitivity); and different level of AG-resistance in clones is probably determined by changes in gene activity, which lead to differences in HPRT quantity in cells. PMID- 7292605 TI - [Submicroscopic and immunochemical study of horseradish peroxidase passage through the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa]. AB - 2% solution of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was placed on the bronchial mucosa of anaesthetized dogs through a bronchoscope. Arterium femoralis and thracal lymphatic duct were canulated to HRP application. The radiate immunoprecipitation method was utilized to assess HRP activity in blood and lymph samples. In blood, a progressive increase in HRP activity was noted during the experiment, while this activity in lymph rose in 30 minutes, to decrease by the end of the experiment. In parallel series of experiments biopsy specimens were taken from bronchial mucosae exposed to HRP solution. Within all the intervals after HRP administration tested, the product of reaction was clearly demonstrated ultrastructurally within the intracellular spaces and under basal lamina of bronchial epithelium. Pictures suggestive of endocytosis were infrequently encountered in the apical portion of ciliated cells. PMID- 7292606 TI - Efficacy of imidocarb diproprionate and primaquine phosphate in the prevention of tick-borne disease in imported Hereford heifers in South Korea. AB - This paper describes the build-up of tick-borne blood parasites in a group of Hereford heifers imported from New Zealand to the island of Jeju Do, South Korea. All became infected with Theileria sergenti and half with Babesia bigemina. An attempt was made to contain the 2 parasites by treatment with either primaquine phosphate or imidocarb diproprionate. Both drugs had some prophylactic activity against T. sergenti for at least 26 days and imidocarb dipropionate eliminated B. bigemina. Since T. sergenti infections built up subsequently in the animals it is suggested that repeated prophylaxis combined with regular acaricide treatment of imported cattle is necessary to keep piroplasmosis under control. PMID- 7292607 TI - Pig trypanosomiasis: effects of infection on feed intake, liveweight gain and carcass traits. AB - Forty growing pigs were used in an experiment to determine the probable cause of retarded growth or weight loss in animals suffering from trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense or T. simiae. Animals infected with T. brucei or T. congolense had mild or symptomless infections with no significant effect on packed cell volume (PCV), voluntary feed intake, mean liveweight gain, feed conversion efficiency, carcass traits or feed cost per unit of weight gain. Uninfected pigs gained slightly more and required slightly less feed per unit of weight gain than pigs infected with T. brucei or T. congolense but the differences were non-significant. Pigs infected with T. simiae showed a marked drop in PCV and a significantly poor performance which was reflected in curtailment of feed intake, impaired feed conversion efficiency, growth failure, poor carcass traits and extremely high and uneconomical feed cost per unit of weight gain. Growth failure or weight loss in trypanosomiasis would appear to be due largely to the combined effect of reduced feed intake and impaired efficiency of feed conversion. PMID- 7292609 TI - Trypanosoma evansi infections and antibodies in goats, sheep and camels in the Sudan. PMID- 7292610 TI - Inoculation of calves and adult cattle with oncospheres of Taenia saginata and their resistance to challenge infection. AB - Following intramuscular inoculation of Taenia saginata eggs hatched in vitro, 1 month-old calves were capable of developing a complete immunity to the establishment of a living infection by oral challenge. Cysticerci developed at the injection sites and produced an effective immunity whether the hatched oncospheres were activated in vitro or not. A few living cysticerci found at sites other than the inoculation sites were derived from the inoculation dose and parasite migration from the inoculation sites was also observed in control calves which had not been orally challenged. Such migration was much less frequent in adult cattle. Adult cattle which had been orally infected many times were resistant to infection by intramuscular inoculation. Disseminated infections developed in young calves infected by the intravenous and intraperitoneal routes with hatched eggs. The ELISA test was found to be more sensitive at detecting serological antibodies in infected calves than the IHA test. PMID- 7292608 TI - Toxoplasmosis in Nigeria--a serological study. PMID- 7292611 TI - Coccidiosis in N'Dama cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7292612 TI - Heartwater: cross-immunity studies with strains of Cowdria ruminantium isolated in West and South Africa. PMID- 7292613 TI - Experimental infection of the African buffalo with Cytoecetes ondiri. PMID- 7292614 TI - Safety of tissue culture rinderpest vaccine in pregnant goats. PMID- 7292615 TI - Persistence of African horse sickness in Nigeria. PMID- 7292616 TI - Phosphate deficiency in cattle on the Sepik Plains, Papua New Guinea. AB - Two large scale grazing experiments were carried out, each for 3 years, to define the need for phosphorus supplementation. After 15 months without phosphorus heifers subsequently supplemented with copper or cobalt only grew 0 . 147 kg/day over 15 months indicating apparent stunting. They calved later than continuously supplemented animals, weighed less and weaned smaller calves. Ad libitum supplementation with phosphorus resulted in faster growth of non-pregnant and pregnant heifers and their calves and more rapid breeding than 2 limited supplementation treatments while unsupplemented animals performed worst. In all treatment groups the maximum weight loss by lactating heifers was one-third of pre-calving weight. Heifers receiving limited supplementation had the highest mortality while unsupplemented heifers dried off earlier. Ad libitum phosphorus supplementation was the optimum for animal and financial performance. PMID- 7292617 TI - [Activity of enzymes of the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway in skeletal muscles during muscular activity of different types and during the recovery period]. AB - The activities of the enzymes of oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) are studied in skeletal muscles of albino rats during muscular activity of different character and in the recovery period. The most essential decrease in the activity of dehydrogenases (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-by 33 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - by 20%) is marked under the most intensive loading -4 min swimming with a load equal 12% of the animal body weight. On the contrary, in the recovery period after the muscular activity (15 min swimming) an increase is observed in the activity of these enzymes, especially in the late periods of the recovery (3 hours after rest). PMID- 7292619 TI - [Significance of aromatic amino acid residues for certain functions of immunoglobulins]. AB - The photooxidation of rabbit and human IgG in the presence of methylene blue leads to loss of antibody and complement fixation activity. Under these conditions 46% of tryptophan, 30% of tyrosine and 42% of phenylalanine are destroyed. The IgG incubation with methylene blue in darkness causes no changes in the content of aromatic amino acid residues or in the antibody activity, but leads to deterioration in their complement fixation properties. PMID- 7292618 TI - [Multiple molecular forms of acid phosphatase of certain tissues at different stages of pig embryonal development]. AB - Disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to perform a comparative study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of multiply molecular forms of acid phosphatase (ES 3.1.3.2) in blood serum, extracts of liver tissues and femoral muscles of pig embryos. 7-12 fractions, possessing the acid phosphatase activity are detected in the investigated tissues as during embryo development. The quantitative and qualitative redistribution and high specificity of multiplied molecular forms of the enzyme are shown for each tissue under study at various stages of embryogenesis which may be used as biochemical indicators in estimating the degree of tissue differentiation under normal and anomalous development of pig embryos. PMID- 7292620 TI - [Certain properties of "biosynthetic" L-threonine dehydratase from subcellular structures of brewers' yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis]. AB - The paper is concerned with kinetic properties of the "biosynthetic" L-threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.16) solubilized from subcellular structures of brewers' yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in the absence and presence of the allosteric inhibitor, L-isoleucine, at three pH-values (pH 6.5, 7.8 and 9.5). The curve of the initial reaction rate versus initial substrate concentration in the absence of L-isoleucine at pH 6.5 was of hyperbolic character (Km = 5.5.10(-2) M), and at pH 7.8 and 9.5 the kinetic curve had a weakly sigmoidal pattern with a sharp going into the saturation plateaux; the values of [S] 0.5 are 1.10(-2) and 8.7.10(-3) M, respectively. An addition of L-isoleucine to the reaction mixture led to the appearance (at pH 6.5) or to an increase (at pH 7.8 and 9.5) of the sigmoidality of these kinetic curves and to a decrease in values of the maximum reaction rate V. The enzyme sensibility to the inhibitory effect of L-isoleucine decreased with an increase in pH values. Low L-isoleucine concentrations at low substrate concentrations activated the enzyme. The pH optimum for L-threonine dehydratase under study was 9.5-10.0. The enzyme molecular weight is about 300 000. PMID- 7292621 TI - [Phosphorylation reactions of lysyl-tRNA-synthetase from rat liver]. AB - The phosphorylation reaction of lysyl-tRNA-synthetase from the rat liver tissue was studied in the in vivo experiments. The activity of 3':5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase from the myocardium in the phosphorylation reaction is 3.4 times lower than that of the enzyme from the liver. Optimum conditions of the lysyl tRNA-synthetase phosphorylation reaction were determined. The Vmax and Km values for the reaction were 2.7 pmol of 32P/mg per 1 minute and 0.4-10(-4), respectively. The lysyl-tRNA-synthetase phosphorylation increases the tRNA aminoacylation. PMID- 7292622 TI - [Alpha-tocopherol and actinomycin D regulation of ubiquinone and protein biosynthesis in rat liver in E-hypovitaminosis]. AB - In vitro experiments with the liver preparations from rats with E-hypovitaminosis revealed a more intensive incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine into ubiquinone induced by alpha-tocopherol. Actinomycin D inhibiting the DNA-dependent RNA synthesis decreases the incorporation intensity. A 30 min preincubation of the liver preparations with thesis. In case of preliminary addition of actinomycin D or its simultaneous introduction with alpha-tocopherol the latter has no stimulating effect on the intensity of [14C] phenylalanine incorporation into ubiquinone. When studying incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine into the total protein of the liver of rats with E-hypovitaminosis a tendency is revealed to an increase in the protein biosynthesis intensity in case of preincubation with alpha-tocopherol and to inhibition of the labelled precursor incorporation under conditions of preincubation with actinomycin D. The data obtained permit suggesting that the alpha-tocopherol effect on the ubiquinone biosynthesis may occur due to its effect on the RNA synthesis. PMID- 7292623 TI - [Efficiency of ubiquinone and p-oxybenzoic acid in prevention of E hypovitaminosis-induced development of muscular dystrophy]. AB - It is shown that E-hypovitaminosis-induced muscular dystrophy in rabbits is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the body mass, an increase in the urine creatine-index, a decrease in the vitamin E and ubiquinone contents in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues. In the myocardium mitochondria a decrease in the vitamin E content and an increase in the ubiquinone content are observed. The activity of NADH-cytochrome c-, NADH-ubiquinone- and succinate-ubiquinone reductase also varies in mitochondria of the studied tissues. In myocardium organellas a direct dependence is found between the content of ubiquinone, NADH- and succinate-ubiquinone-reductase activity and an inverse one-between its content and the activity of the NADH-cytochrome c-reductase system. It is established that p-oxybenzoic acid as well as vitamin E prevents development of muscular dystrophy and causes changes analogous in direction in the activity of the ubiquinone-dependent enzymic systems of mitochondria. Ubiquinone-9 is less efficient in preventing the development of muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7292624 TI - [Effect of carbostimulin on the content of ammonia, glutamine and activity of aminotransferase in blood serum of rabbits with alloxan diabetes]. PMID- 7292626 TI - [Muscular myosin structural and functional changes during interaction with ATP and bivalent ions]. AB - The interaction of myosin with ATP and bivalent ions is shown to cause changes in myosin ultraviolet fluorescence. Such a change is more significant for myosin of skeletal muscles than for that of smooth muscles. Kinetics of the fluorescence change has a phase of a sharp rise immediately after ATP addition and a phase of a slow decrease of fluorescence. The changes in fluorescence are connected with formation of an intermediate complex of myosin with ATP (intermediate). It is established that calcium ions are specific in the myosin ATPase reaction and they accelerate considerably the decay of this complex, while magnesium ions inhibits this process. PMID- 7292627 TI - [Modification of the method for isolating proteoglycan fractions from cartilage tissue]. AB - A method is suggested for isolating proteoglycans from cartilage tissue with their simultaneous separation into fractions. A successive treatment of cartilage with solutions of different salts and papain produced proteoglycans monomers with short and long chains of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans aggregates free and bound with collagen. The content of proteoglycans fractions in the unchanged and degeneratively changed human articular cartilage is determined, the results are given. The data obtained by the method suggested are comparable with the results by other determination methods. The method is technically simple and may be applied for the analysis of the operation and section material. PMID- 7292625 TI - [Effect of serotonin on chromatin protein methylation in radiation injury]. AB - The paper deals with the influence of the X-irradiation and serotonin, as a radioprotector, on the chromatin protein methylation. It is shown that the X irradiation and serotonin cause changes in the intensity of chromatin protein methylation in vivo, that may be explained by their effect on the activity of the corresponding methylases. Possible relationships between the changes in methylation of chromatin proteins and the general response of the organism to the irradiation, including administration of the radioprotector is under discussion. PMID- 7292628 TI - [Determination of AMP-aminohydrolase activity by a chromatographic method]. AB - A method is developed for determining the AMP-aminohydrolase activity by means of chromatography on the home KY-2 ion-exchange resin. It differs from the method of differential spectrophotometry by the fact that its application enables the content of IMP formed due to the enzymic reaction to be determined by its absolute quantity. This method yields satisfactory results independently of the substrate concentration. However, it cannot be applied for determination of the AMP-aminohydrolase activity in the presence of ATP. PMID- 7292633 TI - [Certainty in the clinical diagnosis of acute hepatitis]. PMID- 7292632 TI - Respiratory insufficiency in a patient with mixed cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 7292631 TI - Effects of large latex particle uptake of the surface connected canalicular system of blood platelets: a freeze-fracture and cytochemical study. AB - The complex structural organization of the platelet's surface-connected or open canalicular system (OCS) and close physical relationships to the dense tubular system have been described in previous cytochemical and freeze-fracture ultrastructural studies. Despite observations that suggest that channels of the OCS are seldom, if ever, single, tubelike invaginations of the surface, others have indicated that the OCS is a readily available source of membrane for evagination onto the exposed surface of the platelet after activation or during phagocytosis. In the presence investigation we have utilized freeze-fracture for the first time to evaluate the uptake of large (0.312 micron, SD +/- 0.0022) latex particles by platelets. Results of the study leave no doubt that channels of the OCS serve as the major route for latex ingestion in te unstirred system employed. Prolonged exposure to latex and uptake of many spherules cause marked changes in platelet surface contour and internal organization. The OSC is transformed from a spiderweb of intercommunicating channels into one or two large vacuoles filled with latex. Conversion of the OCS into large sacs is associated with disk-to-sphere transformation and a decrease in the number of openings of the OCS on the platelet surface. Thus, the OCS appears to be effectively interiorized by the process of phagocytosis, rather than evaginated as others have suggested. PMID- 7292629 TI - The coexistence of ribosome-lamella complex and annulate lamellae in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - An electron microscopic study of peripheral blood and lymph node from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed ribosome-lamella complexes in 11-16% of the peripheral lymphocytes and in 14% of the nodal lymphocytes. Annulate lamellae were seen in 2-8% of the peripheral lymphocytes and in 8% of the nodal lymphocytes. One peripheral blood specimen revealed coexistence annulate lamellae and ribosome-lamella complexes within the same cells in an additional 4% of the lymphocytes. The two structures were connected by continuous strands of apparent endoplasmic reticulum. Although annulate lamellae and ribosome-lamella complex have each been described in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, albeit uncommonly, their unusual association with one another has not previously been documented and might offer a clue as to the origin and role of these interesting structure. The possible ramifications of these observations include relationship of the structures to endoplasmic reticulum and protein synthesis, to in vitro and possible clinical induction by drugs including "antitubulins," and to induction in vitro by viral infection. PMID- 7292630 TI - An electron microscopic study of central nervous system sarcoidosis. AB - Although the fine structure of extraneural sarcoidosis is well documented, ultrastructural study of central nervous system (CNS) sarcoidosis has been limited. Electron microscopic (EM) examination of 3 biopsy cases of CNS sarcoid revealed a mixed cellular population of lymphocytes, epitheloid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. The epitheloid and multinucleated giant cells shared common ultrastructural features of nuclei and cytoplasm. In addition, they displayed similar specializations of the cell surface, including subplasmalemmal linear densities (SLD) and villous projections. These findings recapitulate those described in extraneural sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders. This supports the contention that the macrophages or epitheloid cells present in CNS lesions are derived from the same mononuclear phagocytic system as their systemic counterparts. PMID- 7292634 TI - [Pulmonary infiltrations with eosinophilia. Classification and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7292635 TI - [Interdigital pilonidal sinus. Determination of its prevalence and disease characteristics]. PMID- 7292636 TI - [Value of stress-inversion radiography in chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint]. PMID- 7292637 TI - [Orphenadrine poisoning]. PMID- 7292638 TI - [Choledochal cysts type I. Two cases treated with either Roux-en-Y anastomosis or anatomical reconstruction]. PMID- 7292639 TI - [Hydrocolpos in infants with urinary retention]. PMID- 7292640 TI - [Vitamin A poisoning with hypercalcemia]. PMID- 7292641 TI - [Reye's syndrome]. PMID- 7292642 TI - [Tumor-to-tumor spread]. PMID- 7292643 TI - [Accidental strangulation in a baby's pram]. PMID- 7292644 TI - [P-pills]. PMID- 7292645 TI - [Impotence caused by chlorthalidone (Hygroton) therapy]. PMID- 7292646 TI - [Analysis of bed availability in the hospital sector]. PMID- 7292648 TI - [Birth rate in 1981. A prognosis based on registered pregnancies in the county of Fredriksborg]. PMID- 7292647 TI - [Psychiatric practice. Non-attendance and last minute cancellations]. PMID- 7292649 TI - [Glaucoma, a multifactorial condition]. PMID- 7292650 TI - [Urinary continence prosthesis. 6 years' experience]. PMID- 7292651 TI - [Drug habits and acute surgical admission. A report of routine intake of medicine and follow-up during hospitalization in department for emergency surgery]. PMID- 7292652 TI - [Fine needle biopsy as a routine examination. A histologically verified material of fine-needle biopsied tumors of the head and neck]. PMID- 7292653 TI - [Circumcision with the Plastibell]. PMID- 7292654 TI - [Nitrofurantoin-induced eosinophilia and neutropenia]. PMID- 7292655 TI - [Arsenic consumption as the cause of portal hypertension]. PMID- 7292656 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of major abdominal vessels]. PMID- 7292657 TI - [Patients on the surgical waiting list. I. A historical and prospective cohort study of 3000 patients on a surgical waiting list]. PMID- 7292658 TI - [Use of antibacterial preparations in general practice. I. Distribution by diagnostic group]. PMID- 7292659 TI - [Use of antibacterial preparations in general practice. II. Treatment of patients with respiratory infections and otitis media]. PMID- 7292660 TI - [Use of antibacterial preparations in general practice. III. Treatment of patients with urinary infections]. PMID- 7292661 TI - [Induced labor. A comparative study of prostaglandin gel placed in the cervix and parenteral oxytocin]. PMID- 7292662 TI - [Transient diabetes insipidus following cardiac arrest]. PMID- 7292663 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery]. PMID- 7292665 TI - [Solitary multilocular cyst of the kidney]. PMID- 7292664 TI - [Mediastinal pseudocysts. A rare complication of pancreatitis]. PMID- 7292667 TI - [Lung neoplasms in Denmark 1943-1976. Cancer statistics 1]. PMID- 7292666 TI - [Experience in family therapy at the Clinic for Child Psychiatry, Bispebjerg Hospital]. PMID- 7292668 TI - [Drugs and motor driving]. PMID- 7292669 TI - [Relation between increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum and liver metastases in verified gastrointestinal cancer]. PMID- 7292670 TI - [Choledochoduodenostomy and sphincteroplasty in benign biliary obstruction. A follow-up study]. PMID- 7292671 TI - [Acute pancreatitis with disseminated intravascular coagulation treated with heparin and plasma]. PMID- 7292672 TI - [Incidental appendectomy in abdominal hysterectomy]. PMID- 7292673 TI - [Venous compression in the thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 7292674 TI - [The clinical significance of anaerobic bacteria. Recent observations]. PMID- 7292675 TI - [Psoas abscess in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7292676 TI - [Liver involvement following enflurane anesthesia]. PMID- 7292677 TI - [Tooth position anomalies]. PMID- 7292678 TI - [Alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Changes in 1965-1978 mortality related to alcohol consumption. Current morbidity 1976-1978]. PMID- 7292679 TI - [Alcoholism and the disability pension]. PMID- 7292680 TI - [The suitability of hospital records for the study of lung cancer among non smokers. A pilot study]. PMID- 7292681 TI - [Transtracheal aspiration in the bacteriological examination of lung infections]. PMID- 7292682 TI - [Transtracheal aspiration as a routine procedure in the bacteriological examination of lung infections]. PMID- 7292684 TI - [Plasma cell balanitis]. PMID- 7292683 TI - [Infections in leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Comparison between 2 antibiotic regimens: amikacin or gentamicin in combination with cephalothin]. PMID- 7292685 TI - [Large retroperitoneal lipoma]. PMID- 7292686 TI - [Intramedullary spinal abscess]. PMID- 7292687 TI - [Torsion of the normal fallopian tube]. PMID- 7292688 TI - [Azapropazone (Prolixan)]. PMID- 7292689 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension as a drug side effect]. PMID- 7292690 TI - [Disease and auto driving competence. A retrospective assessment of a psychiatric clientele]. PMID- 7292691 TI - [Car-dummy. A tool in assessment of driving competence]. PMID- 7292692 TI - [Prolonged sick leave X. Sick leave caused by social factors and diseases in the municipality of Copenhagen. Occurrence, number of cases and expenses for maintenance allowances]. PMID- 7292693 TI - [Sibling problems]. PMID- 7292694 TI - [Long-term methadone therapy]. PMID- 7292696 TI - [Lithium-induced myxedema]. PMID- 7292695 TI - [Impression and assessment of anesthesia by patients. An interview study]. PMID- 7292697 TI - [Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in a group of alcoholics]. PMID- 7292698 TI - [Drug fever during treatment with nomifensine (Alival)]. PMID- 7292699 TI - [Drug fever due to a new antidepressent, nomifensine (Alival)]. PMID- 7292700 TI - [Liver damage after nomifensine (Alival)]. PMID- 7292701 TI - [The blue jeans syndrome]. PMID- 7292702 TI - [Hydatid cyst as a soft-tissue tumor]. PMID- 7292703 TI - [Postoperative hypoxemia]. PMID- 7292704 TI - [The part played by elderly patients in somatic hospital treatment in the Municipality of Copenhagen extrapolated from 1977 to 1992]. PMID- 7292705 TI - [Occupational burns. Frequency, causes and distribution in occupational groups]. PMID- 7292707 TI - [Personnel management and expenses in the hospital system]. PMID- 7292706 TI - [Patterns of referral for prenatal diagnosis in the municipality of Odense]. PMID- 7292708 TI - [Clonidine (Catapressan) prescription for substance abusers]. PMID- 7292709 TI - [Aarhus Municipal Hospital Clinic for patients with chronic neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 7292710 TI - [The total life situation of patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7292713 TI - [Gold therapy in patients with psoriasis and peripheral erosive arthritis]. PMID- 7292711 TI - [A microsurgical interfascicular grafting technic in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries]. PMID- 7292714 TI - [A case of crash-helmet injury]. PMID- 7292715 TI - [Abuse of appetite depressants]. PMID- 7292712 TI - [Acute glaucoma precipitated by systemic therapy with adrenergic/anticholinergic drugs]. PMID- 7292716 TI - [Erythema multiforme as a possible side-effect of treatment with cimetidine]. PMID- 7292717 TI - [Primary localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 7292718 TI - [Intrauterine pregnancy to term after rupture of a simultaneous tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 7292719 TI - [Primarily overlooked Achilles tendon rupture]. PMID- 7292720 TI - [The status of cimetidine]. PMID- 7292721 TI - [Female libido and orgasm in relation to neurotic complaints. An epidemiological study of 40-year-old women]. PMID- 7292722 TI - [Patients on surgical waiting lists. II. A questionnaire study among patients on a surgical waiting list to illustrate the economic and social conditions]. PMID- 7292723 TI - [Postmastectomy problems in young women after surgery for breast cancer]. PMID- 7292724 TI - [Prevalence of the individual stages of prostatic cancer at the time of diagnosis]. PMID- 7292726 TI - [Gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 7292725 TI - [Chemical depilation as an alternative to shaving. A comparative study of preoperative skin preparation]. PMID- 7292727 TI - [Ankle arthrodesis. A long-term follow-up study]. PMID- 7292728 TI - [An expensive method of arterial puncture]. PMID- 7292729 TI - [Rupture of a dermoid cyst originating in a fallopian tube]. PMID- 7292730 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate]. PMID- 7292732 TI - [Jervell-Lang Nielsen syndrome. Differential diagnosis in epilepsy and angina pectoris]. PMID- 7292733 TI - [Colorectal cancer]. PMID- 7292731 TI - [Malignant tumors of the nail-bed as the cause of chronic paronychia]. PMID- 7292734 TI - [Are therapeutic advances restricted by safety measures required for drugs?]. PMID- 7292736 TI - [Elderly patients in psychiatric hospitals. Prevalence studies]. PMID- 7292735 TI - [BCG vaccination]. PMID- 7292738 TI - [The home milieu and health]. PMID- 7292737 TI - [Patients in psychiatric nursing homes in Fyn. Evaluation and follow-up study]. PMID- 7292739 TI - [Purulent meningitis in children. Mortality and sequelae]. PMID- 7292740 TI - [Ectopic pancreatic tissue as a polypoid tumor in the stomach]. PMID- 7292742 TI - [A clinical dementia test]. PMID- 7292743 TI - [Epidural analgesia as a routine method for infraumbilical operations]. PMID- 7292744 TI - [Acute torsion of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7292741 TI - [Direct and indirect determination of an acetylator phenotype in patients during treatment with hydralazine]. PMID- 7292746 TI - [Torsion of the pregnant uterus]. PMID- 7292745 TI - [Acute torsion of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7292747 TI - [Rectal obstruction caused by prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7292749 TI - [Salicylic acid preparations]. PMID- 7292748 TI - [Severe propranolol and prazosin poisoning]. PMID- 7292750 TI - [Need for a geriatric service in a general surgical department. A prospective study]. PMID- 7292751 TI - [Sleep deprivation treatment in Denmark]. PMID- 7292752 TI - [Occurrence of cancer during 1943 to 1976. Cancer statistics 2]. PMID- 7292753 TI - [Mental retardation, macroorchidism and hereditary X-chromosome abnormality, fra(X) (q28). A new syndrome]. PMID- 7292754 TI - [Follow-up study of patients after screening for stomach cancer]. PMID- 7292755 TI - [Healing of juxtapyloric ulcers during cimetidine (Tagamet) therapy. a gastroscopic and clinical assessment]. PMID- 7292756 TI - [The prognostic value of cognitive testing of patients in a geriatric department]. PMID- 7292757 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension]. PMID- 7292758 TI - [Bilateral rupture of the Achilles tendon]. PMID- 7292759 TI - [March fracture caused by a motion instrument?]. PMID- 7292760 TI - [Clubbed fingers and pregnancy]. PMID- 7292761 TI - [Acute postrenal anuria in malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 7292762 TI - [Infantile hydrometrocolpos]. PMID- 7292763 TI - [The spleen and the bone marrow]. PMID- 7292764 TI - [The concept of representativity in epidemiological studies. Examples from population study of 40 year olds in Glostrup]. PMID- 7292765 TI - [Environmental pollution and chronic disease. Epidemiological and statistical questions]. PMID- 7292766 TI - [Diagnosis and disease classification in general practice. A review of literature with comments]. PMID- 7292767 TI - [Infections in surgical departments of obstetrics and gynecology. Study of a 3 month period]. PMID- 7292768 TI - [Gynecomastia. A clinico-pathological study in a county]. PMID- 7292769 TI - [Cancer of the head of the pancreas treated by Whipple's method. Results in 24 patients]. PMID- 7292770 TI - [Prostaglandin-oxytocin induced rupture of the posterior fornix. A complication after induced abortion]. PMID- 7292771 TI - [Brucellosis as a tourist disease. Report of 2 cases with liver granuloma]. PMID- 7292773 TI - Mode conversion of Rayleigh and Lamb waves to compression waves at a metal-liquid interface. AB - A theoretical treatment is given of a potentially useful ultrasonic mode conversion process, from Rayleigh or Lamb waves (SAW's) to angled compression waves in an adjacent liquid. Since the compression waves can form a well-defined beam, with typical angular width of only 1 degree or 2 degrees, it is possible to use this technique in under-liquid viewing applications. Another use, in liquid level measurement, has advantages over conventional ultrasonic methods. Attractive features are the high power efficiency of the mode-conversion, in both directions, and its inherent separation of electromechanical transducer from the liquid, which may be vital in certain hazardous environments. With such applications in mind, the emphasis here is on ultrasonic processes in the liquid. After a descriptive account of pressure wave generation in the liquid, the main part of the paper is a general treatment of far-field beam profiles and includes transverse beam-width and discussion of pulsed operation. Finally we examine inverse mode conversion (compression wave to SAW), to identify the main physical processes occurring and arrive at a figure for power efficiency. This turns out to be 80% (max) against nearly 100% for transmission. PMID- 7292774 TI - Localization of acoustic emission sources in tensile and ct specimens using a broadband acquisition technique. AB - The acoustic emission sources in a conventional cylindrical tensile test sample of short transversely-cut carbon manganese steel are localized. There is not always a good correlation between the localization of the first signals and the zone which eventually fractures. During the Luder's plateau, the ae signals are emitted in the deformation band and, in the hardening range, there is no significant ae in the gauge length of the sample. In ct samples precracked by fatigue, the signals are due to the growth of the plastic zone around the crack tip, and the plastic zone size, measured by source localization, agrees with those provided by models derived from fracture mechanics. PMID- 7292772 TI - [Unemployment among hospitalized psychiatric patients in 2 Danish counties]. PMID- 7292775 TI - Design considerations of the acousto-optic light deflector. AB - Theoretical analysis of the performance of the acousto-optic light deflector is described. Detailed calculations for LiIO3--SF6 glass structure including the influence of the bonding layer and Q-factor on the frequency response of the deflector are presented. A method of increasing the bandwidth in the presence of the bonding layer is given. PMID- 7292776 TI - A new experimental method for measuring life time and crack growth of materials under multi-stage and random loadings. AB - The experimental equipment and method of operation of a special computer controlled fatigue testing machine is described. This resonance testing machine, operating at ultrasonic frequencies (20 kHz), performs one-step, multistage, and random fatigue tests with the aid of a computerized control system in very short testing times. Differences between this method and testing procedure at conventional frequencies are pointed out. However, it is emphasized that the high frequency tests have practical merit aside from lower energy cost and testing times. Initial results of two-stage fatigue experiments are reported. PMID- 7292777 TI - A simple method of realizing the deconvolution of ultrasonic images. AB - A readily implementable procedure for improving the lateral resolution of ultrasonic images is proposed. The starting point is the approximation of the sound-beam profile by model functions which arise from the convolution of rectangular functions of varying width. From these model functions it is possible to state analytically the Fourier transforms and their reciprocals. These reciprocals can be allocated to a chain circuit of recursive space frequency filters of the first degree, whereby a single basic element corresponds to the rectangular approximation and still produces a resolution improvement by a factor of 1.5. For noise suppression a low-pass limitation function is introduced whose inverse Fourier transform is mathematically similar to the sound-beam approximation; however, as compared with this, it is compressed by a specific factor and thus is optimally matched to the expected resolution improvement. PMID- 7292778 TI - Analogue implementation of analytic signal processing for pulse-echo systems. AB - An alternative to rectification is proposed for detection of an ultrasonic signal. This method is especially useful in medical and non-destructive evaluation (nde) applications. With this method, the magnitude of the complex analytic signal is used to define the envelope of the ultrasonic waveform. The square of this quantity has been shown elsewhere to be equal to the true rate-of arrival of energy. An earlier study, using digital data processing, has already demonstrated the superior resolvability of closely spaced interfaces obtained with the analytic signal magnitude, as compared to conventional rectification. Here, an analogue implementation is presented which utilizes single-sideband techniques to obtain both quadrature components of the analytic signal and its magnitude. A conventional transducer, pulser, and receiver are used. PMID- 7292779 TI - Pulsatile echoencephalography. PMID- 7292780 TI - Carotid artery disease: a prospective evaluation of pulsed Doppler imaging. PMID- 7292781 TI - Blood flow detection by an intersecting zone ultrasonic Doppler unit. PMID- 7292782 TI - Transmission of ultrasonic contrast through the lungs. PMID- 7292783 TI - Surface pressure of ultrasound transducers evaluated by three-media-method. PMID- 7292784 TI - Design of ultrasonic transducers for local hyperthermia. PMID- 7292785 TI - Size distribution of intravascular air emboli produced by decompression. AB - Intravascular bubbles formed by decompression have been measured in 7 living dogs to give 14 different determinations of size distribution. Larger bubbles were estimated by the terminal rise velocity technique using the Stokes equation, while smaller bubbles were determined simultaneously, using the Coulter counter. Bubble diameters of 19--700 micrometers were recorded, these reaching the venous sinus as showers of several hundred whose mean size tended to increase with post decompression time. Average diameters were rather smaller than previously recorded from autopsy. The results are discussed as indicating that all venous bubbles were within a size range where they would be filtered out by the lungs unless this organ had been insulated. PMID- 7292786 TI - Failure of naloxone or physostigmine to reverse nitrogen anesthesia in guinea pigs. AB - Stress as well as anesthesia has been reported to stimulate endorphin release. The possibility that the stress of compression at 1 atm/min or nitrogen anesthesia, or both, might release endorphins was tested in guinea pigs with the use of naloxone--a narcotic antagonist, and physostigmine--a cholinesterase inhibitor. The animals received i.p. equal volumes of either drugs or the placebo just before compression to 32 ATA (oxygen less than or equal to 1 ATA). The pressure at loss of righting reflex was compared. Nitrogen anesthesia occurred at mean pressures ranging from 26.9 to 27.8 ATA, with no statistical differences demonstrated in all groups. It is concluded that 1) neither naloxone nor physostigmine reversed nitrogen narcosis and 2) stress of compression or nitrogen narcosis, or both, failed to show effects attributable to increased endorphin release. PMID- 7292787 TI - [The influence of the fibrinogen adhesive system on bone healing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292788 TI - [The "uncompleted" in growth: the transitional fracture of the distal tibia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292789 TI - [Increase in stability of the fixation external using a modified steinmann-pin for cancellous bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292790 TI - [Results after interlocking-nailing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292791 TI - [Follow-up study of 5 St. Georg ankle prosthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292792 TI - [Stress x-rays of the shoulder-joint (author's transl)]. PMID- 7292793 TI - [Congenital hypothyroidism: a reappraisal of the syndrome]. PMID- 7292794 TI - [Failure of the femoral component in double cup arthroplasty: preliminary report]. PMID- 7292795 TI - ["Succinylacetone effect' after oral homogentisate loading]. PMID- 7292796 TI - [Effect of estrogens on dopaminergic transmission]. PMID- 7292797 TI - [Poisoning with tartar emetic]. PMID- 7292799 TI - [Medical education in occupational medicine]. PMID- 7292798 TI - [Cytotoxic response of rats bearing multicellular spheroids of adenocarcinoma 13762]. PMID- 7292800 TI - [Institutional setting for the practice of occupational medicine in Quebec]. PMID- 7292801 TI - [Costoclavicular pseudo-angina]. PMID- 7292802 TI - [Anxiety neurosis: clinical synthesis (1)]. PMID- 7292803 TI - [Analysis of risk factors in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities. Preliminary results]. PMID- 7292805 TI - [Dermatology: the red and the black]. PMID- 7292804 TI - [Systemic use of paracervical block during the insertion of an I.U.D]. PMID- 7292806 TI - [Effects of curriculum changes on cognitive acquisition and attitude towards basic sciences]. PMID- 7292807 TI - [Medical ability to work]. PMID- 7292808 TI - [Management of proteinuria]. PMID- 7292809 TI - [Parasitology: the reverse of the club]. PMID- 7292810 TI - Control of prolonged, benign, renal hematuria by silver nitrate instillation. AB - Four patients with protracted benign hematuria underwent silver nitrate instillation of the upper collecting system. The doses varied from 10 ml. of 0.25 per cent silver nitrate to 14 ml. of 1 per cent silver nitrate. In all 4 cases the hematuria resolved within four days without significant complications. At follow-up extending from three to twenty-four months there have been no recurrences of gross hematuria. Silver nitrate instillation appears to be a safe and effective method of treating benign renal hematuria, thus obviating the need for extirpative surgery. PMID- 7292811 TI - Gross hematuria in 110 adult urologic hospital patients. PMID- 7292812 TI - Improved technique for retrograde brushing in diagnosis of urothelial tumors of upper urinary tract. PMID- 7292813 TI - Radiation-induced bladder carcinoma. AB - Two cases are presented of radiation-induced bladder carcinoma which followed prior irradiation for cervical carcinoma of the uterus. One was a sixty-eight year-old woman with bladder carcinoma fourteen years after irradiation (total dose of 4,500 rad) for cervical carcinoma of the uterus. The other was a sixty four-year-old woman with bladder carcinoma twenty-five years after irradiation with 150-K volt apparatus for cervical carcinoma of the uterus. From the late radiation change of the skin, it was estimated that the total dose of prior radiation might be 4,000 rad or more. Both had high-grade, high-stage transitional cell bladder carcinoma, and the former was with marked mucus-forming adenomatous metaplasia. PMID- 7292814 TI - Ureteral injuries in colonic surgery. PMID- 7292815 TI - Ureteroceles in single versus duplicated systems. An embryologic hypothesis. PMID- 7292816 TI - Radical perineal prostatectomy in patients over age of seventy. AB - Radical perineal prostatectomy remains at the forefront of the surgeon's tools for treatment of Stage A2 and Stage B adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In the past, generally the criterion for selection of patients excluded those patients over age seventy. In our series of radical perineal prostatectomies over the last thirteen years, we have operated on 8 patients between the ages of seventy and seventy-seven, with minimal postoperative morbidity and no operative mortalities. Radical prostatectomy can be well tolerated in the older age group and should be considered in selected patients seventy years and older. PMID- 7292817 TI - Artificial urinary sphincter for incontinent children. PMID- 7292818 TI - Visual urethrotomy in management of male urethral duplication. AB - Anatomically, three types of urethral duplication have been described: Type I or complete urethral duplication, Type II which includes multiple variations of bifid urethra, and Type III, those urethral duplications with a perineal opening. A new, simplified approach to the management of some Type II urethral duplications is described, using the pediatric cold-knife visual urethrotome. This technique provides a maximally patent urethra, while removing the site of chronic refractory infection, and minimizing both morbidity and patient hospitalization. Alternatives for treatment of Type I and Type III urethral duplications also are discussed. PMID- 7292819 TI - Histologic grading as predictor of response to chemotherapy in patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7292820 TI - Leiomyoma of scrotum. PMID- 7292821 TI - Gangrene of bladder. PMID- 7292822 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of male urethra. PMID- 7292825 TI - Easier way to introduce pigtail ureteral stents. PMID- 7292824 TI - Microscopic pulmonary embolization by adenocarcinoma of prostate. AB - Microscopic tumor embolization is an uncommon cause of respiratory insufficiency. This finding has been reported previously in only 2 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The diagnosis should be suspected in a patient with cancer of the prostate who was unexplained dyspnea or respiratory failure. Treatment consists of either bilateral orchiectomy or hormonal therapy. A case is reported of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with widespread microscopic pulmonary embolization causing respiratory failure. PMID- 7292823 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of renal vein. PMID- 7292826 TI - Cystoscoping patients with semirigid penile prosthesis. PMID- 7292827 TI - New complication of inflatable penile prosthesis. PMID- 7292828 TI - Diffuse carcinoid of prostate. PMID- 7292829 TI - Case profile: generalized bilateral vascular impressions on renal collecting systems. PMID- 7292830 TI - Percutaneous biopsy of adrenal tumors. PMID- 7292831 TI - Psuedocrossed renal ectopia secondary to retroperitoneal liposarcoma. PMID- 7292832 TI - Segmental renal artery embolization in solitary renal carcinoma. AB - Segmental renal artery embolization was performed as an alternative method to treat solitary renal carcinoma in 2 patients who were poor surgical candidates. In the first patient, a recurrent renal carcinoma in a solitary kidney was selectively embolized. Tumor aggression was observed eighteen months later. Recanalization of the segmental artery and collateral from the capsular artery required a second embolization. In the second patient with a transitional cell carcinoma involving the lower half of the only functioning kidney, segmental renal artery embolization successfully controlled his persistent gross hematuria. PMID- 7292833 TI - Urorectodynamics in patients with colonic inertia. AB - Sixteen female patients with colonic inertia and 12 control women underwent manometric evaluation of their bladder and rectal cavities. After subcutaneous injection of 0.035 mg./Kg. bethanechol, bladder intraluminal pressure increased by over 15 cm. water in 5 patients (31 per cent) and in none of the control group; maximal pressure after injection was 11.5 +/- 1.6 cm. H2O (mean +/- SE) in patients and 8.5 +/- 1 in controls (p less than 0.025). The intraluminal rectal pressure reached 23 +/- 4 cm. H2O in patients and only 11.9 +/- 1.4 in controls (p less than 0.0025). Time taken to reach a peak pressure was faster in patients both in bladder (17.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 19.8 +/- 1.2 minutes; p less than 0.01) and in the rectum 914.6 +/- 0.8 vs. 16.3 +/- 1.2; p less than 0.025). These findings and the clinical presentation suggest an autonomic neuropathic lesion in this group of patients. PMID- 7292834 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of renal cortical abscesses. PMID- 7292835 TI - [Chronic intestinal obstruction and acute invagination in a child due to a large small intestine polyp]. PMID- 7292836 TI - [Epimetaphyseal drop-shape abscesses of the tibia in a 5-year-old child]. PMID- 7292838 TI - [Plastic repair of multiple bronchial fistulae ("cribate lung") and small defects of the chest wall with Filatov pedicle flap]. PMID- 7292837 TI - [Surgical treatment methods in the 1st and 2d branchial arch syndrome]. AB - Differential choice of methods of treatment was used for the surgical treatment of patients with the syndrome of the first and second branchial arches depending on the disturbance of the face shape, supporting the function of the temporo mandibular articulation and the kind of bite. In patients with different disorders of bite, supporting function of the temporo-mandibular articulation and displacement of the chin to the damaged side the authors used different means of osteogenic correction of the position of the mandible directed to a simultaneous improvement of the face shape, bite and creation of a stop in the temporo mandibular articulation. PMID- 7292839 TI - [Experience with plastic repair of the knee joint ligaments using a lavsan band]. PMID- 7292840 TI - [Conservative treatment of ureteral calculi]. PMID- 7292841 TI - [New developments in treating malleolar fractures and injuries to the inferior tibiofibular articulation]. PMID- 7292842 TI - [Causes and prevention of latent infection in abdominal surgery]. AB - The analysis of repeated admission of patients with purulent complications of wounds and cicatrices (261 patients) has shown that 24% of the patients had a latent infection which could manifest itself against the background of characteristic changes in the natural resistance of the organism. The main microbe isolated in the outbursts of latent infections was found to be pathogenic staphilococcus with endogenous introduction of microbes into tissues. The latent infection is believed by the author to play an important role in pathogenesis of purulent complications after operations associated with an injury of scarry tissues. Prophylactic and curative recommendations made by the author are described. PMID- 7292843 TI - [Combined operations in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7292844 TI - [Kanamycin sulfate and sodium cephazolin pharmacokinetics in experimental strangulation obstruction of the small intestine]. AB - The experimental investigation of pharmacokinetic properties of kanamycin and cephazolin has shown the antibiotic to penetrate well into the blood, lymph, abdominal exudate. Transport of kanamycin in the wall of the strangulated intestine and its mesentery through the lymphatic system and by adsorption from the abdominal exudate is supposed to be possible. Normal concentration of the antibiotic was determined in the tissues around the strangulation zone. The concentration peak of both antibiotics was noted 1 hour after introduction in all the biosubstrates studied which may serve as an orientator for the optimal time of operation. PMID- 7292845 TI - [Methods of excluding the liver from the general circulation for its subsequent perfusion]. AB - Methods of exclusion of the liver from the general blood circulation for its further perfusion were studied in 316 experiments in corpses of humans and dogs. Original caval and portal canules constructed by the authors were used in 180 experimental operations in dogs weighing from 10 to 35 kg to prove the possibility of occlusion of the vena cava inferior above and below the liver to take blood from the hepatic veins and to return it into the liver after saturation with oxygen and drugs through the portal vein tributaries and hepatic artery. PMID- 7292846 TI - [Pulmonary microembolism from a blood transfusion and its effect on basic vital body functions]. AB - Functional and morphological investigations have shown that the transfusion of preserved blood used to fill up the operation blood loss results in pulmonary microembolism by microaggregates. The authors believe functional manifestations of microembolism include disturbances of respiratory function, central hemodynamics, water-electrolyte and protein metabolism, the hemotransfusion pulmonary mciroembolism being an additional stress factor of genesis of the postoperative disease. PMID- 7292847 TI - [Endocaval cannula for total vascular isolation and perfusion of the liver]. AB - The endocaval canule proposed by the author was tested in experiments in dogs. It was established that the canule can provide complete vascular isolation of the liver and ensure meassive bloodless resection of the liver under these conditions. When necessary, regional perfusion of the liver is possible. The investigation in corpses of adult men has confirmed the possibility of using the endocaval canule in the clinic. PMID- 7292848 TI - [Necrosequestrectomy in severe forms of necrotic pancreatitis]. AB - The authors describe their experience in the surgical treatment of 139 patients with critical forms of necrotic pancreatitis. Operations were fulfilled in 137 of 139 patients. Two non-operated patients died. The article describes in detail the operative technique depending on the character, volume and type of development of the necrotic process. The lowest lethality followed operations in the phase of melting and sequestration due to timely necrosequestrectomy. PMID- 7292849 TI - [Treatment method in external pancreatic fistulae]. AB - The authors' experience includes 62 patients with pancreatic fistulas. Complex conservative treatment was first used in all the patients and proved to be effective in 11 of them. In 42 patients with fistulas resistant to conservative therapy the surgical treatment was fulfilled. Postoperative lethality was 7,1%. During 1980 the authors were using their original operative method of closure of pancreatic fistulas with good and stable effect. PMID- 7292850 TI - [Causes and prevention of rectal fistula recurrences]. AB - The study of 412 patients with recidivations of rectal fistulas has shown that most frequent recidivations of extrasphincter fistulas are observed in the presence of ramified suppurative cavities in the pararectal fat. The recidivation may be caused by errors in the preoperative diagnosis and inadequate choice of the operation method, by non-radical operations and insufficient control of the postoperative wound healing. PMID- 7292851 TI - [Secondary hemorrhages after an operation on the major arteries]. AB - On the basis of observations of 50 patients the authors make a conclusion that the tretment of secondary arterial hemorrhages should be solely surgical (ligation of vessels in the wound, vascular suture or plasty of the defect), while tamponage the wound depending on severity of the patient's state and technical problems is considered to be a stop-gap measure to stop the external hemorrhage. PMID- 7292852 TI - [Extravasal correction of incompetent valves in the deep veins with frame spirals in the combined treatment of varicose disease of the lower extremities]. AB - The work analyzes the experience of 210 operations for extravasal correction of incompetent valves of profound veins with framework elastic spirals made of lavsan and tantalum in the complex treatment of the varicose disease of lower extremities. The technique of the operation for extravasal correction of incompetent valves with the framework spirals is described. A complete elimination of pathologic reflux of blood through the corrected valve was observed in 56 patients. The framework spirals of lavsan and tantalum enabled avoiding thromboses of veins and scarry deformity of valves. PMID- 7292854 TI - [Unusual form of the vermiform process]. PMID- 7292853 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of bone tumors complicated by pathological fractures]. AB - The article elucidates certain questions of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of tumors of long tubular bones complicated by pathological fractures. The methods were used for the treatment of 41 patients. The authors emphasize the importance of such methods as radio- and angiography, punctional and trepanobiopsy, measurement of the intraosseous pressure. The efficiency of the ultrasound resection in association with cryodestruction for the treatment of the diseases mentioned is reported. PMID- 7292855 TI - [Acute appendicitis in situs viscerum inversus]. PMID- 7292856 TI - [Peritonitis due to perforating pyonephrosis]. PMID- 7292857 TI - [Prevention and treatment of the suppurative complications of severe mechanical trauma]. AB - A curative mixture (contrical, hydrocortisone, chloramphenicol-succinate) was tested by the authors for the local or intraosseous introduction as blockades in 11 patients with severe mechanical injuries. Thirty eight patients with good outcomes of shock without hormonal drugs and 23 healthy donors were taken as control. It was established that massive doses of glucocorticosteroids during the first day after the injury exercised a regulating effect upon the dynamics of the cellular and humoral immunity. PMID- 7292858 TI - [Debatable questions of local treatment of the severe form of the prolonged crush syndrome]. AB - The experience of treatment of severe (41) and light (48) forms of crush syndrome enabled the authors to come to the main conclusion that so far there are no effective means for the local treatment of crushed extremities and prevention of acute renal insufficiency. According to their conviction, the degree of crush syndrome should be taken into consideration when choosing a kind of local therapy. An assessment of such methods as continuous immobilization, elastic dressing, hypothermia, amputation, fasciotomy and myotomy is given. PMID- 7292859 TI - [Causes of subcutaneous tendon rupture in athletes]. AB - Causes of subcutaneous injuries of the Achilles tendon (in 162 patients), of the long head of musculus biceps brachii (in 33 patients), distal tendon of musculus biceps brachii (in 4 patients) and tendon of musculus quadriceps femoris (in 3 patients) were analyzed. Macro- and microscopic structures of the lacerated ends were also studied. The authors make a conclusion that tenorupture is always proceeded by microtrauma. PMID- 7292860 TI - [Myocardial substrate support before and after mitral commissurotomy]. AB - The utilization by the myocardium of 8 substrates of the carboxydrate-lipid metabolism was assessed in 44 patients with the 3d and 4th stages of mitral stenosis before and after mitral commissurotomy by the method of the arterio venous difference. The character of the myocardium supply with substrates with different energetic value was established to depend and to be a sufficiently objective criterium of prognosis of cardiac insufficiency in the early postoperative period. PMID- 7292861 TI - [Effect of mebikar on the experimental and clinical course of traumatic shock]. AB - The effect of mebikar upon the course of traumatic shock was studied on the basis of experimental investigations and clinical observations. The authors have found a positive effect of the drug on indices of acid-base state, histostructure and cellular composition of the liver whose disturbance has a great pathogenetic significance in shock. The application of mebikar considerably improved the results of treatment in clinic and reduced lethality in experiment. It was supposed that the positive effect of the drug was associated with prevention of the development of circulatory disorders and with the maintenance of oxidation reduction process and the histostructure of tissues. PMID- 7292862 TI - [Double dislocation of the little finger of the right hand]. PMID- 7292863 TI - [Injuries of the large intestine from compressed air]. PMID- 7292864 TI - [Traumatic aneurysm of the femoral artery complicated by a thromboembolism of the popliteal artery]. PMID- 7292865 TI - [Congenital intestinal fistulae of the umbilicus in children]. AB - The analysis of 21 cases of congenital intestinal umbilical fistulas in children was carried out. It was established that in half of the patients the intestinal umbilical fistulas were associated with other developmental defects. The clinical picture, diagnosis, complications of the persistent umbilical duct and curative measures in this developmental defect are described. The continuous persistence of the congenital umbilical intestinal fistulas can result in disturbed physical development of children and the appearance of adhesive processes in the abdominal cavity. The treatment of patients with congenital intestinal fistulas should be started on diagnosing the disease, the operation of choice being the intra abdominal closure of the fistula. PMID- 7292866 TI - [Treatment of suppurative joint lesions in children with osteomyelitis]. AB - The authors share their experience of the treatment of purulent injuries of joints in children with osteomyelitis. In 15 of 243 patients with hematogenic osteomyelitis there were injuries of the knee, humeral and elbow joints. The paracentetic method of treatment was used in 7 children, 8 children were subjected to closed continuous drainage and lavage of the articulation cavity with antibiotics with enzymes and antiseptics by an original technique with different combination of drainage tubes. The results of treatment followed during a year show the efficiency of the proposed method of treatment. PMID- 7292867 TI - [Treatment of septicopyemic forms of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis using dimexide and hyperbaric oxygenation]. AB - Dimexide and HBO-therapy were included in the curative complex for 54 patients with septicopyemic forms of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis, The authors' recommendations proved to be effective which was demonstrated by better general state of the children, less edema of tissues, stimulation of reparative processes of the osseous tissue in the injury zone, normalization of general and biochemical indices of blood. PMID- 7292868 TI - [Treatment method in acute hematogenic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7292869 TI - [Isolated gallbladder rupture in closed abdominal injury in a child]. PMID- 7292870 TI - [Ilizarov's transosseous osteosynthesis in sequelae of fractures of the long tubular bones in the system of medical and social rehabilitation]. PMID- 7292871 TI - [Early and late results of mitral-aortic commissurotomy]. AB - The immediate and remote results of 69 operations for mitral-aortal stenosis are presented. The operations were fulfilled by the closed method through the left ventricle with the help of a dilator. Favorable postoperative course was noted in 56 patients. Ten patients (14,4%) with the IV-V stages of the disease died within near terms. Twelve patients (23% of all those examined) died within 2-20 years. Good results were noted in 27%, satisfactory results - in 46% and bad results in 14% of the observations. In time the results were found to get worse. PMID- 7292872 TI - [Medico-psychological aspects of the rehabilitation of oncological patients]. PMID- 7292873 TI - [Changes in the ultrastructure and biochemical indices of the myocardium during mitral commissurotomy at late stages of the disease]. PMID- 7292874 TI - [Results of primary and secondary surgical interventions in pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by renal amyloidosis]. PMID- 7292875 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of coagulated hemothorax]. PMID- 7292876 TI - [Chromoesophagogastroduodenoscopy]. PMID- 7292877 TI - [Effect of topical use of proteinase inhibitors in the healing of purulent wounds]. PMID- 7292878 TI - [Omentitis in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7292880 TI - [Choice of the extent of radical surgery in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7292879 TI - [Carcinoma of the major duodenal papilla]. AB - The analysis of 134 postmortem cases and 65 clinical observations of carcinoma of the major duodenal papilla (MDP) has revealed different variants of development of carcinoma of MDP. The classification by the TNM system is made. In 34% of cases carcinoma was found to spread beyond the duodenum limit. Papillectomy should not be considered radical intervention. Average survival time after papillectomy was 17 months, after pancreatoduodenal resection it was 34 months. Fibroduodenoscopy, laparoscopic cholecystocholangiography in combination with relaxation duodenography was used for early diagnosis of carcinoma of MDP. Laparoscopic investigation was always accomplished by laparoscopic cholecystostomy which permitted avoiding hepatic insufficiency in the postoperative period. PMID- 7292882 TI - [Means of improving the outcome of osteoplastic amputation of the femur in arterial thrombobliterating diseases]. PMID- 7292881 TI - [Organ-conserving surgery in restricted destructive tuberculosis of the kidneys]. PMID- 7292883 TI - [Foreign body in the demusculated esophagus]. PMID- 7292884 TI - [Regeneration of spleen tissue after splenectomy]. PMID- 7292885 TI - [Surgical treatment of large ventral hernias arising during ascites]. PMID- 7292886 TI - [2 cases of neoplasms in hernias]. PMID- 7292887 TI - [Gas gangrene of the scrotum]. PMID- 7292888 TI - [Combination precurarization for prevention of post-succinylcholine myalgia]. PMID- 7292890 TI - [Autohemotransfusion in the surgical treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7292891 TI - [Chronic intravascular hemolysis following valvular prosthesis in patients with acquired heart diseases]. PMID- 7292889 TI - [Choice of method anesthesia in surgery on the veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7292892 TI - [Tactics of the surgeon in functional intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7292893 TI - Uncommon frequency of adenocarcinomas of the uterus in virgin Han:Wistar rats. AB - In a longevity study on 320 male and 320 female specified-pathogen-free Han:Wistar rats, 119 (39.0%) of 305 females evaluated developed spontaneous metastatic uterine adenocarcinomas. These tumors caused a great difference between the mortality rates of males and females. Thirty five percent of the females died of adenocarcinomas of the uterus. The tumors began as small nodules in one or both horns near the bifurcation. Large tumors extended through the uterine wall and produced wide-spread transcoelomic metastases. Early lesions were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas but advanced tumors were more poorly differentiated. PMID- 7292894 TI - Ultrastructural lesions of pyridoxine toxicity in beagle dogs. AB - Three adult Beagle dogs given pyridoxine hydrochloride orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight/day for about 100 days developed ataxia and had spastic, dysmetric leg movements. Ultrastructural alterations in the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord were degeneration and loss of axons and myelin, and secondary changes of the myelin sheaths. Possible pathogenic mechanisms of pyridoxine neurotoxicity are discussed. PMID- 7292895 TI - Clinical changes caused by the liver fluke Metorchis conjunctus in cats. AB - Cats infected with metacercariae of the fluke Metorchis conjunctus were followed clinically through their infection. Cats given 200 metacercariae showed few symptoms. All the cats passed ova on the 17th day. Three hundred metacercariae caused diarrhea, icterus, discolored urine, green feces and eosinophilia after 18 to 21 days. Eosinophilia, leucine aminopeptidase and alanine aminotransferase were elevated and remain the best indicators for metorchiasis. The hematological and serological abnormalities resolved rapidly and were absent from cats with chronic infection. Acute lesions (less than 32 days) were confined to the biliary trees with extensive epithelial exfoliation, fibrosis, and pus from necrosis, tissue feeding by the worms and pressure atrophy. Chronic infections (32 to 150 days) caused hyperplasia of the bile epithelium, proliferation of connective tissues, and fibrosis of the perilobular areas. Intense eosinophilic infiltrates were replaced by mononuclear cells. Granuloma formation around an ovum was seen in one cat 719 days after infection. Adult worms established preferentially in the left lateral lobe and never in the caudal lobe. No gall bladder involvement was found even in heavy infections. PMID- 7292896 TI - Pathogenesis of liver lesions in mice following a primary infection with Ascaris suum. AB - The development of liver lesions in mice infected with Ascaris suum is described and compared to the lesions in pigs. The findings suggest that liver necroses in mice are initially periacinar (centrilobular), caused by anoxia resulting from a vascular obstruction by the A. suum larvae located in the sinusoids; and that the lesions in pigs following a primary infection have a different pathogenesis. It is concluded that mice are unsuitable models for studying the pathogenesis of A. suum-induced liver lesions in pigs. PMID- 7292897 TI - Malignant chromatophoroma in a gopher snake. PMID- 7292898 TI - Light and electron microscopic study of the large pale cell in a canine malignant melanoma. PMID- 7292899 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma metastatic to the eye of a dog. PMID- 7292900 TI - A filamentous bacterium associated with respiratory disease in wild rats. PMID- 7292901 TI - Persistent insect bite granuloma in a dog. PMID- 7292903 TI - Muscle fibre composition and glycogen depletion in horses competing in an endurance ride. AB - An investigation into fibre composition and glycogen depletion pattern within the middle gluteal of 16 horses participating in an 80 km endurance ride was carried out. Although the proportion of slow twitch high oxidative (ST) fibres in the horses varied between 7 and 38 per cent, it was found that the horses with the highest proportion of these fibres usually had the best performance records. The cross-sectional area of the fast twitch low oxidative (FT) fibres was greatest, with the ST and fast twitch high oxidative (FTH) being similar in size. Most marked histological evidence of glycogen depletion after the ride was in the ST fibres, which were apparently totally depleted. A variable degree of depletion was found in both the FTH and FT fibres. Biochemical measurement of muscle glycogen showed a 56 +/- 7.2 per cent (mean +/- SEM) decrease in content. PMID- 7292902 TI - Forecasting the airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease. PMID- 7292904 TI - Use of cloprostenol with dexamethasone in the termination of advanced pregnancy in heifers. AB - The difficulty of devising a standard treatment regime for cattle which would predictably terminate pregnancies in the 200 to 250 day range is described. Eight 15-month-old heifers which had been accidentally mated when approximately eight months old were examined by rectal palpation and condition scored. To induce abortion an intramuscular injection of 20 mg dexamethasone phenylpropionate was given followed 11 days later by an intramuscular injection of 500 microgram cloprostenol. A record was made of the time of calving along with calving and post calving details. Two of the heifers aborted before the injection of cloprostenol. The other six aborted within 48 hours of receiving this injection. The practical problems associated with aborting immature cattle are discussed as well as the financial aspects. PMID- 7292905 TI - Rabies in a Muturu cow in eastern Nigeria. PMID- 7292906 TI - Eradication of swine dysentery from closed pig herds. PMID- 7292907 TI - Slow virus infections of the respiratory tract of sheep. PMID- 7292908 TI - Leptospiral infection in horses in England: a serological study. PMID- 7292909 TI - Isolation and characterisation of a parvovirus from goslings. PMID- 7292910 TI - An infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-like respiratory syndrome in young calves. PMID- 7292911 TI - Tumours involving the brachial plexus in seven dogs. AB - Seven cases with tumours localised in the brachial plexus are described. The main clinical features were a progressive lameness in one forelimb with marked muscle atrophy and very obvious but non-localizable pain. A palpable lump in the axilla was present in less than half the cases. Ancillary aids contributed little in the diagnosis except for electrophysiology which gave evidence of neural damage at an early stage of the disease and as such may be the most useful aid to an early diagnosis. Two different pathological entities were observed, the first where the tumour, primarily of neural origin (usually a neurofibrosarcoma), arose within the nerves themselves and the second where the tumours arose in adjacent tissue and involved the plexus by local infiltration. In all cases the prognosis was hopeless because of local infiltration of the tumour and metastases. In the early stages accurate diagnosis can be difficult in the absence of a mass but the possibility should be considered in any case where chronic lameness with obvious non-localizable pain is present in one forelimb. PMID- 7292912 TI - Lead poisoning of dogs in Australia. PMID- 7292913 TI - Bird poisoning following the use of warble fly treatments containing famphur. PMID- 7292914 TI - Pathologically confirmed maedi in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7292915 TI - Effect of feeding tylosin and tylosin and dimetridazole to cows. PMID- 7292916 TI - Quantitative observations on Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in atrophic rhinitis of pigs. AB - Clinical atrophic rhinitis in seven pig herds could not be associated with the infection rate or higher numbers of B bronchiseptica in nasal swabs when compared with unaffected herds. B bronchiseptica isolates from herds with atrophic rhinitis and receiving sulphonamide medication were resistant to sulphonamides in vitro and there was a beneficial clinical response after changing to oxytetracycline medication. In an unaffected herd three piglets naturally infected with B bronchiseptica but possessing low levels of passive antibody showed marked turbinate hypoplasia when killed at seven weeks, the lesions had resolved in four of six litter mates by 21 weeks and did not occur in another litter of nine piglets which had a high level of passive antibody. The results indicate that although B bronchiseptica can produce non-progressive turbinate changes in pigs that have inadequate antibody protection, the relationship between these lesions and the chronic progressive field disease needs further investigation. PMID- 7292917 TI - Control of bovine neonatal diarrhoea by management techniques. AB - A four year study of bovine neonatal mortality on 34 dairy farms and an agricultural institute's calf unit showed that 280 (3.2 per cent) of 8752 calves died mainly from diarrhoea and, or , septicaemia. The relationship between management methods and mortality rates were studied at the calf unit. When infection rates were kept low by good standards of hygiene and an adequate quantity of colostrum was fed immediately post partum, morbidity and mortality rates were 8.3 per cent and 1.2 per cent respectively, compared with 36 per cent and 4.1 per cent when hygiene was poor and colostrum was withheld until six hours post partum. Ninety-five sick calves were given either glucose-glycine electrolyte solution orally (41 calves) or the electrolyte solution in combination with an antibacterial agent (54 calves) to compare the efficacy of these treatments. Recovery rates, duration of illness and live-weight gains showed no significant difference between the treatments. Mean serum immunoglobulin levels (zinc sulphate turbidity test) of calves at 30 hours old were poor indicators of the future health status of any individual calf. Results indicated that good management with emphasis on hygiene and early feeding of colostrum reduced losses due to neonatal diarrhoea and septicaemia from 4 per cent to 1.2 per cent. PMID- 7292918 TI - Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in young cattle. PMID- 7292919 TI - Embryo mortality associated with avian Mycoplasma serotype I. PMID- 7292920 TI - Small fertile hydatid cysts in British horses. PMID- 7292921 TI - Maedi-visna in Great Britain. PMID- 7292922 TI - Thyroid status in cobalt and vitamin B12 deficiency in goats. PMID- 7292924 TI - Pasteurellosis in wild birds. PMID- 7292923 TI - Stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal in a yearling ram. AB - Stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal in a 10 1/2-month-old Suffolk ram is described. The vertebral canal was narrowed in a dorsoventral direction at the anterior and posterior ends of the cervical vertebral C3 and C4, at the posterior end of C2 and the anterior end of C5. The body of C3 was wedge-shaped in a longitudinal plane. The vertebral abnormalities are believed to have resulted from instability, perhaps exacerbated by fighting. There was a region of necrosis of the spinal cord at junction of C1-2. The animal showed sudden onset of quadriplegia from which it gradually recovered. The rams in the group were on a high plane of nutrition and two others were probably affected. PMID- 7292925 TI - Malignant mesothelioma in a lamb. PMID- 7292926 TI - Suspected teratoma in a black headed gull (Larus ridibundus). PMID- 7292928 TI - Infectious stunting of chickens. PMID- 7292927 TI - Treatment of chronic equine diarrhoea with halquinol. PMID- 7292929 TI - Priapism and ACP in the horse. PMID- 7292930 TI - Use of Saffan in dogs. PMID- 7292931 TI - Maedi: clinical disease and pathological confirmation in France. PMID- 7292932 TI - Debudding kids. PMID- 7292934 TI - Fifteen cases of prostatic carcinoma in the dog. PMID- 7292933 TI - Eradication of swine dysentery from closed pig herds. PMID- 7292935 TI - Elevation of blood keto acids in cerebrocortical necrosis. AB - Values of various alpha-keto acids in whole blood were determined from cases of cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN), a thiamine deficiency disease, and were compared with those from normal animals. Thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential cofactor in the decarboxylation of many alpha-keto acids and this was reflected in elevated values not only of pyruvic acid but of glyoxylic, alpha-keto glutaric, phenyl pyruvic and hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acids in the CCN cases. PMID- 7292936 TI - Induction of twin-calving by non-surgical embryo transfer: a field trial. AB - Non-surgical embryo transfers were carried out on nine farms to 84 previously inseminated recipient cows. Insemination and transfers were at a fixed time after synchronisation. Forty-nine (58 pr cent) of the 84 cows calved to the fixed insemination and transfer, producing a total of 69 calves or 1.4 calves per cow calving. The twinning rate was 41 per cent in cows calving. Transferred embryo survival was high (59 per cent) in pregnant cows. Data on calf and calving performance are given. PMID- 7292937 TI - INfluence of biotin supplementation on sow reproductive efficiency. AB - A herd of 116 sows was divided into two groups. Animals in one group had their food supplemented with 1160 micrograms/day of biotin in pregnancy and 2320 micrograms/day in lactation, over a 12-month period. The other group served as a control. Those receiving biotin farrowed significantly more live pigs in parities 2 and 4 than in the control animals; the increase in parity 3 only just failed to reach significance. There was no consistent effect on the weaning to service internal although a significant difference (P = 0.05) was seen with the third litters. PMID- 7292938 TI - Effect of albendazole on Taenia saginata cysticerci in naturally infected cattle. PMID- 7292939 TI - Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 7292940 TI - Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in young cattle. PMID- 7292941 TI - Urolithiasis in calves. PMID- 7292942 TI - Blindness in dairy cows. PMID- 7292944 TI - Injuries to racing greyhounds. PMID- 7292943 TI - Persistence of anthelmintic activity after administration of oxfendazole and levamisole hydrochloride to lambs. PMID- 7292946 TI - Urolithiasis in lambs. PMID- 7292945 TI - Grass retardant link with canine gastroenteritis. PMID- 7292947 TI - A high incidence of congenital angular limb deformities in a group of foals. PMID- 7292948 TI - Efficacy of a new oxytetracycline aerosol against foot rot in sheep. AB - A test was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a new oxytetracycline aerosol in the treatment of foot rot in sheep. Of 186 sheep, 66 were treated with the test preparation, 61 were treated with an existing oxytetracycline aerosol and 50 acted as unmedicated controls. All affected feet in the three groups were first paired and then, for the two treatment groups, a single application of antibiotic aerosol was given. There was little difference in response between the two treated groups, but the improvement in both these groups was significantly greater than in the control group. The test was also applied to 60 cases of scald. One application of either the test product or its comparable antibiotic aerosol was effective in the treatment of scald. PMID- 7292949 TI - Production of enteritis in calves by the oral inoculation of pure cultures of Campylobacter fecalis. AB - Pure cultures of an isolate of Campylobacter fecalis obtained from an abomasal lesion in an 18-month-old heifer were used to infect calves in two experiments. Three milk fed calves were infected in experiment 1 and the clinical features noted included mild changes in faecal consistency. In experiment 2, three ruminating calves were infected and blood and mucus were seen in the faeces but faecal consistency remained firm or soft and no diarrhoea was noted. Rectal temperatures in the infected animals were not consistently elevated and C fecalis was isolated from the faeces of all infected animals in the two experiments but not from those of the five control animals. Mild abomasitis and ileitis were noted in all six infected animals. The mesenteric lymph nodes were pale and enlarged. C fecalis was recovered from the ileum, caecum, colon and gall bladder of all infected animals, from the abomasum and jejunum in most and from the livers of three animals. It was never recovered from any of the control animals. The findings are considered to indicate that C fecalis is a primary pathogen of cattle. PMID- 7292950 TI - The incidence and characteristics of animal poisonings seen at Kansas State University from 1975 to 1980. PMID- 7292951 TI - The next five years: the goals and objectives of poison control systems in New York State. PMID- 7292952 TI - Evaluation of a toxicologic controversy in a clinical toxicology course. PMID- 7292953 TI - Illinois Animal Toxicology Hotline: a system for monitoring environmental contamination. PMID- 7292954 TI - The in vitro and in vivo availability of commercial aspirin in dogs. AB - Dissolution rates of 11 commercial brands of aspirin was assessed in vitro using simulated gastric juice. Excedrin dissolved fastest of all the brands of aspirin, followed by Ascriptin; the slowest was Excedrin PM. In dogs dosed orally with Excedrin or Ascriptin, total plasma salicylate peaked about 2.5 hr after dosing with Excedrin and 3 hr post-dosing with Ascriptin. About 96% of the salicylate was bound to plasma proteins. The rate at which Excedrin left the plasma was different from that of Ascriptin. Plasma salicylate concentrations from Excedrin dropped to an average of 12 mg/dl in 6 hr while Ascriptin peaked and remained virtually level for more than 12 hr. PMID- 7292955 TI - Examination of Mexican vanilla extracts for coumarin adulteration: part I. PMID- 7292956 TI - Sub-acute toxicity of hexachlorobenzene in female beagles, including electroencephalographic changes. AB - Adult female beagles were given oral HCB for 21 days. Subdividing the dose resulted in greater accumulation of HCB in fat and seemed to enhance toxic effects. Subjecting the animals to a 10-day period of food restriction immediately following 21 days of dosing further increased residues, but obscured any differences due to dosing regimen. Liver and hepatocyte enlargement, as well as physiologic changes in the central nervous system, were HCB-induced. Weight loss and various hematological changes were equivocal, with dietary stress and HCB probably contributing to the changes to varying degrees. A dose of 50 mg/kg/day of HCB for 21 days must be considered at least minimally toxic to female beagles. PMID- 7292957 TI - Accidental poisoning in childhood from the epidemiological viewpoint-An analysis of 323 cases of poisoning in children under eight years of age-. PMID- 7292959 TI - Abstracts of the 1981 AACT/AAPCC/ABMT Scientific Meeting. PMID- 7292958 TI - A survey of blood lead concentrations in horses in the north Idaho lead/silver belt area. PMID- 7292960 TI - [X-ray and morphological parallels in chronic antral gastritis]. PMID- 7292961 TI - [Integral x-ray endoscopic diagnosis of tumors of the large intestine]. PMID- 7292962 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of megacolon in adolescents and adults]. PMID- 7292963 TI - [Diagnosis of the secondary changes in the cecum and colon in tumors and tumor like formations in the abdominal cavity and lesser pelvis]. PMID- 7292964 TI - [Diagnosis of mesenteric artery compression of the duodenum]. PMID- 7292965 TI - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 7292966 TI - [Improved method of x-ray study of the pharynx and esophagus]. PMID- 7292968 TI - [Potentials of combined echographic and x-ray study of the gallbladder in children]. PMID- 7292967 TI - [Liver study using computerized tomography]. PMID- 7292969 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of combined uro- and cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7292971 TI - [Possibilities of decreasing the risk associated with the irradiation in mammography]. PMID- 7292970 TI - [Effect of gravitation on the intensity and size of pathological shadows in the lungs]. PMID- 7292972 TI - [Characteristics of roentgenography on the RUM-20 apparatus]. PMID- 7292973 TI - [Prospects for using holography in roentgenology]. PMID- 7292975 TI - Ultrastructure of fetal stem arteries of human placenta in normal pregnancy. PMID- 7292974 TI - An autopsy case of erythropoietic protoporphyria with cholestatic jaundice and hepatic failure, and a review of literature. AB - A 43-year-old woman with a history of photosensitivity died of hepatic failure following 3 and a half months of unexplained jaundice. The liver was black, showed mild fibrosis and conspicuous pigment deposition in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and portal macrophages, and within dilated lumina of bile canaliculi and of ductules. The pigment disclosed a striking birefringence and numerous slender electron-dense crystals on electron microscopy. Similar crystals were also found within the cytoplasm of the ductular epithelium. Despite absence of cirrhosis observed in almost all previously described fatal cases the diagnosis of erythropoietic liver with marked protoporphyrin deposition so far have not been described in the cases observed at autopsy. PMID- 7292976 TI - Quantitative histological and immunohistochemical findings in jejunal biopsy specimens in giardiasis. AB - Jejunal mucosa biopsies from non-immune deficient patients with Giardia lamblia infestation were examined and showed three different groups of mucosal changes, distinguishable on morphological and immunohistochemical grounds. In three patients no morphological or immunohistochemical abnormalities were found (group A). In five patients a normal villous architecture was seen. These biopsies had increased numbers of interepithelial lymphocytes and of immunoglobulin containing cells in the lamina propria, with a relative increase of the number of IgA and IgG containing cells (group B). Two patients with a malabsorption syndrome due to giardiasis had marked villous atrophy, documented by morphometric measurements and large numbers of interepithelial lymphocytes and of immunoglobulin containing cells in the lamina propria, especially IgA and IgG (group C). These findings differ considerably from those in patients with immunodeficiency or gluten sensitive enteropathy. This suggests that when villous atrophy of the jejunal mucosa is found immunohistochemistry of jejunal biopsy specimens may be helpful in the differential diagnosis between mere giardiasis and giardiasis superimposed on immunodeficiency or gluten sensitive enteropathy. PMID- 7292977 TI - The application of morphometry in gastric cytological diagnosis. PMID- 7292978 TI - Primary adenocarcinomas of the human urinary bladder: histochemical, immunological and ultrastructural studies. AB - Neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue specimens from ten patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder were examined. Most of these tumors were associated with either foci of transitional cell carcinoma and/or with glandular metaplasia of the bladder epithelium. The mucin produced by the neoplastic cells was PAS, alcian blue, mucicarmine, PB/KOH/PAS, and RPB/KOH/PAS-positive. ABH isoantigens of these tumors were not always deleted. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells resembled goblet cells. Their plasma membrane had numerous microvilli with prominent glycocalyx. Proliferation and attenuation of tight junctions were noted. The gap junctions were few and small. Two types of desmosomes were found. The ultrastructural features of the neoplastic cells were attributed in part to the malignant transformation and in part to the direction of their differentiation. We have not observed any distinctive morphologic, histochemical, immunologic or ultrastructural features that might be diagnostic for these adenocarcinomas. PMID- 7292979 TI - Ultrastructural observations on cell death by apoptosis in the "resting" human breast. AB - For the first time the process of epithelial cell deletion was studied within the parenchymal component of the "resting" human breast. The dying cells were initially recognised by specific nuclear changes involving peripheral condensation of the chromatin and nucleolar disintegration. At this stage the cells were retracted from the lumen and had lost desmosomal connections with their neighbours. Within the cytoplasm, there was evidence of ribosomal detachment from the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of ribosome aggregates. The majority of dying cells were phagocytosed at this stage although a few underwent further morphological changes. These involved blebbing and fragmentation of the nucleus followed by cytoplasmic fragmentation. The dying cells and cell fragments were phagocytosed by epithelial or myoepithelial cells as well as mononuclear phagocytes and undergo lysosomal digestion within the phagosomes. These progressive morphological changes were consistent with cell deletion occurring by apoptosis. PMID- 7292980 TI - Cell kinetic and cytological grading of prostatic carcinoma. AB - In 69 cases of prostatic carcinomas The 3H-thymidine labelling index was studied, and a cytological analysis was performed in addition to the histological classification. The following cytological variables were measured: nuclear size and shape, nuclear-cytoplasmic-ratio, nuclear chromasia, size and form of nucleoli. Only prostatic carcinomas with a labelling index of less than 0.4% showed mild nuclear anaplasia. These carcinomas were histologically classified as well differentiated adenocarcinomas. Prostatic carcinomas with a labelling index from 0.4% to 1.0% showed moderate nuclear anaplasia. These carcinomas were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Carcinomas with labeling indices between 1.4 and 2.3% had moderate - marked nuclear anaplasia and exhibited a transition to undifferentiated carcinomas. Carcinomas with a labelling index higher than 2.3% were cribriform and undifferentiated carcinomas with marked nuclear anaplasia. The present studies have shown a correlation between both histological classification and cytological appearances with indicators of cell kinetics.U PMID- 7292981 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the vagina and cervix uteri. Report of a case with ultrastructural study. PMID- 7292983 TI - A persistent infection of Vero cells by egg-adapted mumps virus. PMID- 7292982 TI - The synthesis of coliphage T1 DNA: studies on the roles of T1 genes 1, 2, and 4. PMID- 7292984 TI - Identification of the proteins encoded by each genome segment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. PMID- 7292985 TI - The structure of the gene encoding the nucleoprotein of human influenza virus A/PR/8/34. PMID- 7292986 TI - Functional analysis of bacteriophage f1 intergenic region. PMID- 7292987 TI - Localization of the ts defects of ts mutants of influenza A virus using complementation analysis and gel analysis of the RNA segments of recombinants. PMID- 7292988 TI - A Sindbis virus mutant temperature-sensitive in the regulation of minus-strand RNA synthesis. PMID- 7292989 TI - A model for the involvement of viroids in RNA splicing. PMID- 7292990 TI - Perceived colour under conditions of chromatic adaptation: evidence for gain control by pi mechanisms. PMID- 7292991 TI - Spatial frequency channels tuned for depth and motion. PMID- 7292992 TI - Human fast retinal potentials and the spatial properties of a visual stimulus. PMID- 7292993 TI - Spatial frequency response and perceived depth in the time-course of object superiority. PMID- 7292994 TI - Vernier discrimination with sequentially-flashed lines: roles of eye movements, retinal offsets and short-term memory. PMID- 7292995 TI - Transient tritanopia after flicker adaptation. PMID- 7292996 TI - Transient tritanopia: its abolition at high intensities. PMID- 7292997 TI - Spatio-temporal averaging and the dynamic visual noise stereophenomenon. PMID- 7292998 TI - Spatio-temporal properties of Panum's fusional area. PMID- 7292999 TI - Mechanism of Craik-O'Brien effect. PMID- 7293000 TI - Analysis of the angle perception based on the angle matching technique. PMID- 7293001 TI - Spatial frequency uncertainty effects in the detection of sinusoidal gratings. PMID- 7293002 TI - The influence of spatial frequency and contrast on the perception of moving patterns. PMID- 7293003 TI - An explanation for the visibility of low frequency gratings. PMID- 7293004 TI - Thermostability of sea fish rhodopsins. PMID- 7293005 TI - Asysmmetrical vergence and multiple saccades. PMID- 7293006 TI - Single-cell responses to bar width and to sine-wave grating frequency in the pigeon optic tectum. PMID- 7293007 TI - Looking at the world through a rose-colored ganzfeld. PMID- 7293009 TI - Teenagers who use organized family planning services: United States, 1978. PMID- 7293011 TI - [Coronary collaterals after myocardial infarct - their relation to left ventricular function]. PMID- 7293008 TI - Reply to Harris and Potts: interocular transfer of color-contingent motion aftereffects can lead to positive aftereffects. PMID- 7293013 TI - [Scintigraphic detection of ischemic foci in the myocardium]. PMID- 7293010 TI - Family planning visits by teenagers: United States, 1978. PMID- 7293012 TI - [Differences in the course of atrioventricular block in acute myocardial infarction based on the site of origin]. PMID- 7293014 TI - [Function and diastolic properties of the left ventricle in volume and pressure overload]. PMID- 7293016 TI - [Iron-deficiency anemia in selected blood donors and some peculiarities in the pentose cycle and anaerobic glycolysis]. PMID- 7293017 TI - [A study of changes in capillary fragility using a petechiometer]. PMID- 7293015 TI - [Intensity of the 1st heart sound as a reflection of left ventricular contractility]. PMID- 7293020 TI - [Cryopreservation of granulocytes]. PMID- 7293018 TI - [Diagnostic stimulation test for the evaluation of the testosterone-secreting ability of the testis]. PMID- 7293019 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7293021 TI - [Optimal use of the 2-phase bromsulphalein test (BSP)]. PMID- 7293022 TI - [Right-sided myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7293024 TI - [Defibrillating effects of lidoflazine in auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7293023 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function with the postural polygraphy test]. PMID- 7293025 TI - [Changes in serum zinc levels in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7293026 TI - [Temporary intracardiac stimulation: indications, technic, complications]. PMID- 7293027 TI - [Increase in capillary blood flow in subcutaneous layers in the foot during reactive hyperemia]. PMID- 7293028 TI - [Mesocaine levels in plasma after intramuscular and intravenous administration]. PMID- 7293029 TI - [Plasma lipids in forestry workers]. PMID- 7293030 TI - [Long-term study of plasma testosterone levels in hormone therapy of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7293032 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 7293031 TI - [Oral glucose tolerance test in a rural population]. PMID- 7293033 TI - [Eosinophilic pleural exudate in chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (Carrington's pneumonia)]. PMID- 7293034 TI - [Malignant psoriatic arthritis with visceral involvement]. PMID- 7293035 TI - [The effect of supraventricular stimulation on systolic time intervals in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7293036 TI - [Cryopreservation of blood elements in the Transfusion Service]. PMID- 7293037 TI - [Pathophysiologic characteristic of aging and old age]. PMID- 7293038 TI - [Further improvement in the field of invention and efficiency]. PMID- 7293039 TI - [Organization of the therapeutic and diagnostic work in a medical center]. PMID- 7293040 TI - [Improved special training system for battalion physicians in medical staff interning]. PMID- 7293041 TI - [Means of increasing the efficiency of intellectual work]. PMID- 7293042 TI - [Basic trends in the improvement of resuscitation and anesthesiology care]. PMID- 7293043 TI - [Hemodialysis in the treatment of chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7293044 TI - [Surgical treatment methods in secondary glaucoma in severe eye burns and their sequelae]. PMID- 7293046 TI - [Adaptation of young soldiers to military service]. PMID- 7293045 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of trichinelliasis]. PMID- 7293049 TI - [Use of Ketalar in general anesthesia]. PMID- 7293048 TI - [Work experience of the medical service efficiency experts in the Moscow Military District]. PMID- 7293047 TI - [Patterns in the readaptation process of sailors following a cruise in low latitudes]. PMID- 7293050 TI - [Autotransfusion in planned surgery]. PMID- 7293051 TI - [Use of bicycle ergometry for the early detection of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7293053 TI - [Treatment experience in eye burns]. PMID- 7293054 TI - [Diagnosis and prevention of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 7293052 TI - [Thomsen's myotonia and myotonic syndromes]. PMID- 7293055 TI - [The battalion physician's procedure in maxillofacial and brain injuries]. PMID- 7293056 TI - [Fungal poisonings]. PMID- 7293058 TI - [Device for signaling an "alarm" and for the automatic switching on of resuscitation apparatus]. PMID- 7293057 TI - [Attachment for mercury quartz lamps for irradiating paired ENT organs]. PMID- 7293059 TI - [Status and prospects of research into the biological and therapeutic action of magnetic fields]. PMID- 7293060 TI - [Formation of adaptive reactions of the body to the action of permanent magnetic fields]. PMID- 7293061 TI - [Potentials for using magnetic biological effects in neurosurgery]. PMID- 7293062 TI - [Changes in the peripheral circulation of the extremities in the process of reparative bone regeneration as affected by a low-frequency magnetic field]. PMID- 7293063 TI - [Transcapillary metabolic changes in chronic venous insufficiency of the legs as affected by a permanent magnetic field]. PMID- 7293064 TI - [Magnetic-field treatment of microcirculatory disorders in the periodontium]. PMID- 7293065 TI - [Decimeter waves and sulfide baths in the treatment of parkinsonism]. PMID- 7293066 TI - [Effect of vibration massage on the restoration of disturbed functions of the extremities in sciatic nerve injury (an experimental study)]. PMID- 7293067 TI - [Characteristics of nervous system reactions to artificial intensified magnetic fields]. PMID- 7293068 TI - [Late observations of patients with a spinal cord lesion treated by physical therapy]. PMID- 7293070 TI - [Use of magnetotherapy in ureteral calculi]. PMID- 7293069 TI - [Specific humoral immunity indices in traumatic spinal cord disease]. PMID- 7293071 TI - [Effect of combined sanatorium-health resort treatment on the cardiovascular system and external respiratory function in patients with sequelae of spinal cord injury]. PMID- 7293072 TI - [Importance of static efforts of muscle antagonists in the therapeutic physical exercise of polyradiculoneuritis patients]. PMID- 7293073 TI - [Use of electrosleep in treating neuroses in children]. PMID- 7293075 TI - [Fecal excretion of neutral and acid sterols in patients with atherosclerosis with a progressive or stable course]. AB - Within 6 years repeated studies were carried out in 525 men including 54 atherosclerotic patients without any impairments of liver tissue and 73 healthy people out of which 33 were older and younger than 40. The level of fecal excretion of acid and, especially, neutral sterols was distinctly higher in the patients with progressive atherosclerosis than in the stable phase of the disease. In the healthy persons older than 40 the sterol excretion was also increased but, mainly, due to an elevation in content of bile acids, accounting for the increased level of fecal cholate-cholesterol index. High content of sterols in feces and of lipids in blood of patients with progressive atherosclerosis might be related to an increased synthesis of cholesterol as well as to a decrease in activity of liver enzymatic systems, oxidizing cholesterol into bile acids. PMID- 7293074 TI - [Therapeutic physical exercise in obesity]. PMID- 7293076 TI - [Distribution of heparin and its complex compounds in the tissues of animals maintained on an atherogenic diet following intravenous administration of a thromboplastin-heparin complex]. AB - After intravenous infusion of the thromboplastin-35- S-heparin complex into rats, maintained on the atherogenic diet within a prolonged period, distribution of the label in the animal tissues and its clearance were studied; total and non enzymatic fibrinolytic activities were estimated. Inhibition of functions of the anticoagulation system, caused by long-term atherogenic diet in the animals, led to inhibition of the initial steps of heparin clearance as well as to alteration of the glycosaminoglycan distribution in various tissues. At the same time, formation and accumulation of heparin complexes as well as the non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity were decreased in some tissues. PMID- 7293077 TI - [Lipid peroxidation reactions in circulating erythrocytes and certain systems regulating them in ulcer patients]. PMID- 7293078 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on lipid metabolism and fibrogenesis disorders in lung tissue in experimental silicosis]. PMID- 7293079 TI - [Serum fatty acid composition of intact rats and rats adapted to hypoxia against a background of exposure to acute hypoxia]. PMID- 7293081 TI - [Metabolic conversion of pyruvate in the liver in experimental burns]. AB - Content of Pyruvic acid was increased in liver tissue of rats after thermic burns of the IIa-IIIb grades affecting 25-30% of the body surface. Oxidation of pyruvic acid appears to be impaired after burns considering that consumption of oxygen was decreased in liver mitochondria in presence of pyruvate, the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was decreased and specific radioactivity of CO2, liberated after incubation of liver slices with 2-1 C-pyruvate, was also decreased. Impairment of the pyruvate oxidation resulted in intensive consumption of the substance via other metabolic pathways, namely via lactate dehydrogenase reaction and glyconeogenesis. PMID- 7293080 TI - [Erythrocyte purine phosphoribosyltransferase activity in girls with the Lesch Nyhan syndrome]. AB - Purine metabolism was studied and an enzymatic deficiency was detected in 6 girls with Lesh - Nyhan syndrome/LNS/. In erythrocytes of the patients with LNS and of their parents alterations were found in activities of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase/HGPRT/ and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase/APRT/. A form of LNS was observed, which exhibited a decrease in stability of HGRPT and alteration in sensitivity of the enzyme to inhibitors. Treatment with allopurinol did not affect the HGRPT and APRT activities. Heterogeneity of the Lesh Nyhan syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7293082 TI - [Case of endogenous sucrosuria]. AB - Endogenous saccharosuria in a patient with chronic pancreatitis is described. The patient was under medical observation within more than a year. During this period concentration of saccharose in urine of the patient varied from 150 mg to 250 mg per 100 ml, i.e. it exceeded the normal value by one decimal. High content of glucose and fructose/more than 1%/ was found in some samples of urine; oligosaccharides containing fructose residues were detected in urine. Free keto sugars were not detected in blood of the patient but positively charged keto sugars with chromatographic mobility could be found. Stability of high saccharose concentration within a prolonged period has been noted in urine of the patient with endogenous saccharosuria. PMID- 7293083 TI - [Changes in the cholesterol metabolism of rats following sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation of the liver]. AB - The rate of cholesterol biosynthesis from 2-14C-acetate and 2-14C-mevalonate te as well as the content of cholesterol in liver tissue and blood plasma (in the fractions of atherogenic lipoproteins) were decreased after partial sympathetic denervation of rat liver tissue caused by dissection of celiac nerves. As shown by ultracentrifugation in stepwise density gradient the intermediate lipoproteins disappeared and the content of low density lipoproteins was decreased; biochemical analyses showed that the content of cholesterol was decreased in the total fractions of low and very low density lipoproteins. Parasympathetic denervation of liver tissue, after bilateral dissection of vagus nerve, showed the opposite effect: the content of cholesterol and the rate of its biosynthesis from 2-14C-acetate were increased in liver tissue, but incorporation of 2-14C mevalonate into the total nonsaponified lipid fraction was unaltered. Content of the intermediate lipoproteins and of low density lipoproteins as well as of cholesterol in atherogenic lipoproteins were increased in blood plasma. PMID- 7293084 TI - [Fatty acid composition of lipid fractions of arterial walls, blood plasma and adipose tissue after sudden death from coronary disease]. AB - In patients with atherosclerosis of aorta and heart coronary arteries, diagnosed at autopsy, fatty acid composition was studied and analyzed in main lipid fractions of blood plasma, in unaltered intima of aorta and in the vascular tissue under conditions of various atherosclerotic impairments; simultaneously, fatty acid composition of triglycerides was studied in fatty tissues. The data obtained suggest that in arterial wall cholesterol might be esterified by linoleic acid liberated from lecithin. Analysis of fatty acid composition from blood plasma and arterial wall of the same patient demonstrated that blood plasma as well metabolic reactions, occurring immediately in arterial wall, influenced the composition of fatty acids in lipid fractions of the normal and atherosclerotically impaired arterial walls. PMID- 7293085 TI - [Functional status of perfused livers of irradiated rats]. AB - Liver of X-ray irradiated rats /a dose of 18.06.10(-2) Ci per kg of body mass/, deprived of the body homeostatic influences, exhibited increased functional activity within the first day after irradiation: intensity of transamination was increased in mitochondria and supernatant as well as output of glucose and urea was elevated. Sensitivity to substrate stimulation of transamination and gluconeogenesis reactions was decreased in the liver within 3 days after irradiation. PMID- 7293086 TI - [Immobilization of Citrobacter L-asparaginase in polyacrylamide gel]. AB - Bacterial L-asparaginase, immobilized on polyacrylamide gel, exhibited higher stability to denaturation and to the effect of a proteolytic enzyme. The immobilized enzyme exhibited the pH optimum of activity displaced by one pH unit to the acid side as compared with the free enzyme. The apparent Km value was approximately 200-fold higher as compared with the free L-asparaginase. The immobilized asparaginase hydrolyzed both L- and D-asparagine isomers but the free enzyme was highly stereospecific. PMID- 7293088 TI - [Method of isolating myoglobin]. PMID- 7293087 TI - [Interrelation between protein synthesis and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of messenger RNA in cells of rat livers in different stages of regeneration]. AB - Synthesis of nonribosomal RNA was increased 2-2.5-fold in nuclei of rat liver cells at early steps of regeneration /2 days after partial hepatectomy/under conditions of protein synthesis inhibition by means of cycloheximide within 3 hrs. Amount of mRNA, transferred from nuclei into cytoplasm, was also 2-fold higher under these conditions as compared with control cells. The mRNA, transferred from nuclei into cytoplasm under the conditions of cycloheximide treatment of liver cells at early steps of regeneration, did penetrate the polyribosomes although the protein synthesis did not occur on the polyribosomes formed. At the later steps of regeneration /within 5 days after partial hepatectomy/ under the conditions of protein synthesis inhibition by cycloheximide within 3 hrs, formation of nonribosomal RNA was decreased by 40% in liver cell nuclei; amount of mRNA, transferred into cytoplasm, was also decreased by 40%. When the cycloheximide treatment was carried out during 1 hr, synthesis of nonribosomal RNA was increased 1.5-fold in liver cell nuclei at the later steps of regeneration although the amount of mRNA, transferred from nuclei into cytoplasm, was decreased by 30% as compared with the control cells. The data obtained suggest that during rat liver tissue regeneration a change occurred in the molecular mechanisms linking translation, biosynthesis and nuclear cytoplasmic transport of mRNA of "tumoral" type/at early steps of regeneration/ or "normal type"/ at later steps of regeneration. PMID- 7293089 TI - [Hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactic and pyruvic acid content of erythrocytes and acid-base equilibrium in stomach cancer patients after radical operations]. AB - Certain glycolytic enzymes, the level of end metabolites of glycolysis and acid base equilibrium indices were studied in 106 patients with stomach tumors (stage II-III). It was found that prior to surgery metabolic disturbances in erythrocytes are to be observed, while acid-base indices tend toward metabolic acidosis. After radical surgery, the activity levels of hexokinase and lactate, dehydrogenase as well as concentrations of lactic and pyruvic acids are decreased, acid-base equilibrium being restored much earlier. PMID- 7293091 TI - [Malignant neoplasms in the USSR in 1978]. PMID- 7293090 TI - [Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in cervical precancer and cancer]. AB - The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in blood serum is found to be higher in cases of precancerous lesions of cervix uteri than in healthy donors. This index increases 1.6-fold in cases of malignancy, as compared with patients with precancerous lesions. Histological examination showed diagnosis to be correct in 89.2% of cases benign lesions, and in 95.9% of malignant tumors. In patients with precancer of cervix uteri, aged under 39, isozyme activity in blood serum was slightly higher than in those older then 40 years; this correlation was not observed in cases of malignant tumors. While no significant differences in isozyme activity were found in patients with tumors at stage I and II, this index was slightly elevated in the cases of stage III tumors. No correlation between the isozyme activity and type of tumor was established. After an effective therapy, the blood activity of the isozyme shows a decrease, otherwise, it is an indication of bad prognosis. PMID- 7293092 TI - [Extensive 1-stage operation for coexistent cancer of the cecum and rectum]. PMID- 7293093 TI - [Dissection trephine for biopsies]. PMID- 7293094 TI - [Improved needle for diagnostic puncture in cancer patients]. PMID- 7293095 TI - [Chordoma of the lumbosacral portion of the spine]. PMID- 7293097 TI - [Nomenclature of radical operations in rectal cancer. Discussion]. PMID- 7293096 TI - [Nomenclature of radical operations in rectal cancer]. PMID- 7293098 TI - [Evaluation of the action of a fat diet on the state of the liver poisoned by carbon tetrachloride]. AB - The effects of the diet containing different amounts of fat on the liver with CCl4 poisoning were studied in two series of experiments on 150 male Wistar rats. In the first series th priming was given in the presence of the laboratory diet for 1 1/2 months. In the second series, the 1 1/2-month priming was given in the presence of the diets tested. The control animals given no priming were kept on the laboratory diet in which the fat (sunflower oil) amount constituted 23% as regards the caloricity. The experimental animals were distributed into 2 groups kept on the diets containing 27 and 43% of fat as regards the caloricity (creamery butter and sunflower oil at a ratio of 2 : 1). All three diets were isocaloric, having the identical content of protein. Change in the fat amount was compensated for the respective change in the carbohydrate content. It was found that application of the diet with the increased content of milk and vegetable fat (43% as regards the caloricity) led to a marked improvement of the liver, while early application of the test diets in the presence of CCl4 brought about a significant decrease in the lethality of the experimental animals. PMID- 7293099 TI - [Urinary excretion of microbiologically detectable forms of pantothenic acid in viral hepatitis]. AB - The content of free and total pantothenic acid (PA) in the daily urine was studied microbiologically in 55 patients with virus hepatitis. At the height of the disease the excretion of the test vitamin forms with the urine noticeably decreased whatever the disease severity. During reconvalescence PA excretion rose because of the increase diuresis. However, the concentration of the vitamin in the urine did not reach normal. No disorders in PA metabolism were found in patients with hyperbilirubinemia of non-infectious genesis. Unlike normal subjects, oral administration of calcium pantothenate (50 ng) to patients with hepatitis results in a decrease of the excretion of the free form of PA. It is suggested that disorders in PA metabolism in patients with virus hepatitis are manifestations of functional vitamin deficiency which is a consequence of its reduced utilization. PMID- 7293100 TI - [Gastrin secretion during food stimulation in digestive system diseases]. AB - The effect of food on gastrin secretion was examined in 62 patients with various diseases of the alimentary system (chronic gastritis, chronic cholecystitis, chronic pancreatitis) and in 16 normal subjects. In normal persons, the initial gastrin level in the blood was 55.4 +/- 5.2 ng/ml, while in patients with chronic gastritis and chronic pancreatitis, it was increased and in chronic cholecystitis diminished. Development of atrophic gastritis led to the delay of gastrin secretion irrespective of the food irritant type. The patients suffering from chronic cholecystitis manifested a paradoxical reaction (a decrease in gastrin concentration) to fat intake. The patients with chronic pancreatitis showed a decrease in the gastrin content in response to glucose and absence of substantial changes in response to fat. PMID- 7293101 TI - [Diet therapy principles for children with obesity]. AB - A total of 250 children with constitutional-exogenous obesity were followed up. The stage treatment was carried out on an outpatient and inpatient basis and at sanatoria for 1-3 years. The diets were given depending on the degree of the excess body weight, with different fat/carbohydrate ratios per unit of protein. The authors developed the principles of dietetic management of obese children, the requirements of basic food and energy for different age groups of children, depending on the degree of obesity, and the daily diets providing for the requirements mentioned. Analysis of the follow up study has shown a significantly positive time course of the test clinical, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the children's health status in the course of the management. It is recommended that the principles of the dietetic management of obese children be introduced in wide medical practice. PMID- 7293102 TI - [Effect of a magnesium-enriched diet on electrolyte metabolism and oxalate excretion in kidney diseases in children]. AB - The diet enriched with food having a high content of magnesium and group B vitamins (wheat bran, buckwheat, oatmeal, millet, dried apricots, yeast) was used in a comprehensive treatment of patients with renal diseases accompanied by hyperoxaluria. The dietetic management resulted in a reduced excretion of oxalates with the urine, decrease of the urinary syndrome, as well as in shifts in the content of calcium and magnesium in the blood serum and in their excretion with the urine toward the mean levels. At the same time the calcium/magnesium ratio in the urine returned to normal thereby promoting the diminution of the formation of calcium oxalates. PMID- 7293103 TI - [Metabolic processes in children with chronic kidney failure as affected by protein-limited diets]. AB - The time course of a number of characteristics of protein and mineral metabolism was studied in 55 children suffering from renal diseases in the stage of chronic renal insufficiency. Use was made of the diets in which protein was restricted to a varying degree relatively to azotemia severity. It was shown that the diet with protein restriction up to 1.5-1.0 g/kg bw has a pronounced antiazotemic action. Therefore, it is desirable to administer it to patients with moderate and remarkable azotemia. In stable and pronounced azotemia, it is advisable to administer the diet with a sharp restriction to protein (up to 0.65 g/kg bw). PMID- 7293104 TI - [Energy expenditures of operators of mechanized columns in the construction of the Baikal-Amur mainline]. AB - Basing on the study of the daily time and energy metabolism budgets in various types of production and non-production activities it has been established that in summer the daily energy consumption in the drivers of mechanized columns amounts to not more than 3200 kcal, being equal to 3500 kcal in winter. These data form the basis of the determination of energy and food requirements of the group of workers under consideration. PMID- 7293105 TI - [Content of different forms of ascorbic acid in the tissues of rabbits with experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - It was established that experimental myocardial infarction leads to a decrease in the ascorbic acid content in the left heart ventricle in the ischemic are and to a negligible rise in the dehydroascorbic acid concentration within the first hours after artery ligation followed by its lowering at the 24th hour. Meanwhile 24 hours after the operation the right heart ventricle manifests a 22% increase in the ascorbic acid content along with the rise of the deketogulonic acid level, whereas the content of dehydroascorbic acid does not appreciably change. The concentration of ascorbic acid in the liver of animals with experimental myocardial infarction drops by 27% as compared with intact animals. The data obtained attest to upset ascorbic acid metabolism in the acute stage of experimental myocardial infarction thus suggesting that it is desirable to apply vitamin C to the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 7293106 TI - [Effect of different diets on blood protein indices in gnotobionts]. AB - The protein content in the diet affects the amount of serum protein and fraction distribution in gnotobiots. Germ-free pigs and guinea-pigs which received the diet containing the least amount of protein showed an abrupt decrease in the total protein level in blood serum. As regards the content of alpha- and beta globulins, no significant differences were found in blood serum of experimental animals. The amount of alpha-blobulin in germ-free animals which received the protein-deficient diet was 1 1/2-2 times higher than in those which received protein in an amount meeting the physiological requirements. It was established that 4-8% of protein in the diet of 2-month-old germ-free pigs and 14-18% in the diet of germ-free guinea-pigs favour the normal growth and development of experimental animals. PMID- 7293107 TI - [Mutagenic properties of irradiated fresh fish in a chronic experiment]. AB - The mutagenic action of fresh fish irradiated in a dose of 200 kGy was studied in chronic experiments on 5 generations of rats. The mutagenic activity was assessed from the induction of dominant lethal mutations in sex cells of males and from the formation of chromosome aberrations (bridges and fragments) in bone marrow. The results of calculating the mutagenicity rate and cytogenetic analysis indicated no mutagenic action of irradiated fresh fish on sex cells and bone marrow of rats given irradiated fish for a long period of time. PMID- 7293108 TI - [Effect of various factors on staphylococcal multiplication during the production of curd]. AB - The paper is concerned with modeling of contamination of cheese granules with staphylococci in different stages of granule preparation under laboratory conditions. It has been shown that especially hazardous is the raw material contamination in the stages of fermentation and crushing of the curd before heating. PMID- 7293109 TI - [Determination and identification of unsaturated hydrocarbons in sunflower oil]. AB - The procedure has been described for determination of unsaturated hydrocarbons in sun flower oil by ligand exchange chromatography. 15 compounds including sesequiterpenes and diterpenes (the latter ones predominated) have been identified in the olefin fraction. Compounds similar to gurjunen and cadinen isomers dominated in the series of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons whereas compounds of the labdan and cauren types were predominant among diterpene hydrocarbons. PMID- 7293110 TI - [Treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer by a diet containing large amounts of protein]. PMID- 7293111 TI - [Nutritional characteristics of the native population of Dagestan]. PMID- 7293112 TI - [Diet for patients with chronic nephrotic-type nephritis]. PMID- 7293113 TI - [Work experience in nutritional hygiene in conducting a state health inspection in Donetsk Province]. PMID- 7293114 TI - A new preparation of modified immune serum globulin (human) suitable for intravenous administration. I. Standardization of the reduction and alkylation reaction. AB - Immune serum globulin (ISG) prepared by Cohn cold alcohol fractionation of pooled human plasma was reduced with dithiothreitol (DTT) and alkylated with iodoacetamide and other alkylating agents. Our results show that there are a few labile interheavy chain disulfide bonds in ISG which react rapidly under mild, nondissociating conditions. The extent of disulfide cleavage is controlled primarily by the ratio of DTT to ISG until about 4-5 disulfide bonds have been reduced. We report detailed studies on the variables of ISG concentration, DTT to ISG ratio, pH, and time, leading to a chemically modified ISG that has a controlled and limited number of reduced and alkylated disulfide bonds. PMID- 7293115 TI - The first human example of anti-Me. PMID- 7293116 TI - Laboratory evaluation of platelets for transfusion. PMID- 7293117 TI - Aggregation: release response of platelets stored at 22 degrees C. PMID- 7293119 TI - Long-term storage of functional platelets in vitro. PMID- 7293118 TI - Changes in platelet membranes and bouyant density with storage of platelet concentrates at 22 degrees C. PMID- 7293120 TI - Surface components of platelets and their changes during storage. PMID- 7293121 TI - Platelet sizing: value in quality control of platelet concentrates. PMID- 7293123 TI - Complex platelet reactions. PMID- 7293122 TI - Ultrastructural lesions of stored platelets. PMID- 7293124 TI - Morphological studies of platelets and platelet reactions. PMID- 7293125 TI - Clinical evaluation of platelet transfusions in thrombocytopenic patients: methods and interpretation. PMID- 7293126 TI - Correlations of platelet survival and function with the results of two in vitro tests. PMID- 7293127 TI - [Problems of medical student training]. PMID- 7293128 TI - [Treatment of lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 7293129 TI - [Permeability of lymphatic vessels of the arm muscles in vibration disease]. PMID- 7293130 TI - [State of the cardiovascular system in workers exposed to lead]. PMID- 7293131 TI - [Effect of trypsin on the course of viral hepatitis and blood levels of various biochemical indicators]. PMID- 7293132 TI - [Cases of toxico-allergic hepatitis]. PMID- 7293133 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of stomach cancer in diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7293134 TI - [Case of mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 7293135 TI - [Rehabilitation stage-by-stage treatment of peptic ulcer at a central district hospital outpatient clinic]. PMID- 7293136 TI - [Detection of gastric and duodenal diseases by a thermovisor]. PMID- 7293137 TI - [Nonspecific ulcerative colitis in pregnancy]. PMID- 7293138 TI - [Specificity of the dumping syndrome]. PMID- 7293140 TI - [Use of ethonium in the combined treatment of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis associated with biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7293139 TI - [Value of endoscopic examination of patients with peptic ulcer in polyclinics]. PMID- 7293141 TI - [Actinomycosis of the bladder]. PMID- 7293142 TI - [Case of congenital right-sided diaphragmatic hernia]. PMID- 7293143 TI - [Electrolyte-excretory kidney function in the acute period of brain concussion]. PMID- 7293144 TI - [Treatment of chronic pyelonephritis at the Morshin health resort]. PMID- 7293145 TI - [Basal level of prolactin in patients with hypogonadism]. PMID- 7293148 TI - [Effectiveness of outpatient chemotherapy of newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis among a rural population]. PMID- 7293149 TI - [Rheological properties of the blood in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7293146 TI - [Metabolic changes in bronchial asthma during combined treatment]. PMID- 7293147 TI - [Blood histamine level in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7293150 TI - [Use of anaerobic glycolysis activators in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7293151 TI - [Indicators of the functional state of the cardiovascular system after maximal physical load in persons of different ages]. PMID- 7293152 TI - [Mechanisms of compensation and adaptation in cardiac hyperfunction]. PMID- 7293153 TI - [Overcoming microbial resistance to antibiotics by means of mutagens]. PMID- 7293154 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in secondary interatrial septal defect]. PMID- 7293155 TI - [Health resort treatment of early cerebral arteriosclerosis in patients with a history of transient cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7293156 TI - [Phasic energy analysis of rheoencephalograms in the detection of decompensation of cerebral hemodynamics]. PMID- 7293157 TI - [Common oligopeptides of influenza virus A hemagglutinin]. AB - Oligopeptide maps of the light chain of hemagglutinin of all 17 serotypes: H0-H3, Hsw1, Heq1-Heq2, Hav1-Hav10, were studied for classification of influenza A viruses isolated from man and animals. The comparisons revealed common oligopeptides in many viruses isolated from man and animals, so that in the final analysis all influenza A viruses of man and animals form a continuous series. It is concluded that human and animal influenza A viruses comprise a single but extremely heterogeneous population capable of continuous exchange of genes. PMID- 7293158 TI - [Characteristics of isolating influenza virus hemagglutinin using purified bromelin]. AB - Gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography were used to isolate a fraction with the highest proteolytic activity and virtually lacking glycosidases from a commercial bromeline preparation ("Serva", grade B) showing, in addition to proteolytic, also glycosidase activity. The utilization of purified bromeline allows isolation of hemagglutinin without residual neuraminidase activity from influenza virus of various serotypes (H1, H1, and H3). The results are discussed on the basis of an assumption of analogous localization but different conformation accessibility of bromeline-sensitive parts of the light chains of influenza viruses of different subtypes, and a possible role of the carbohydrate component of surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza virus virions. PMID- 7293159 TI - [Possible ways of modeling latent influenzae infection in mice]. AB - A latent influenza infection was produced experimentally in three ways: after experiencing the disease, after immunization with a live virus, as a result of vertical transmission of the virus persisting in females. In the latent influenza infection forming after the disease the duration of virus persistence was 112 days postinfection. The persisting virus from the animals receiving a single immunization was isolated only up to 35 days postinoculation. Both after the disease and immunization with a live virus the persisting infectious virus was found in the lungs in low titres not exceeding 1 lg EID50/0.2 ml. In contrast, a latent influenza infection in mice born to mothers-virus carriers was characterized by virus persistence in the blood and viscera in titres of 10(1) to 10(2) EID50/0.1 ml. Features of influenza virus persistence and conditions of its formation in mammals by the three ways mentioned are discussed. PMID- 7293160 TI - [Modification of the parent influenza virus nucleocapsid protein in infected cells]. AB - The main structural nucleocapsid protein, NP, of parental influenza virus (WSN, HON1) was modified in the infected cells early after inoculation. The modification took place within ribonucleoprotein particles in the cytoplasm but was not observed within ribonucleoprotein particles in the nuclei. It occurred when the cells were incubated at 37 degrees C and not at 4 degrees C. The modified protein migrated slightly faster in SDS-containing polyacrylamide gels. Peptide mapping of NP protein labelled with 125I- of 14C-amino acids showed the modified form of NP not to contain at least two peptides but to contain one additional peptide as compared with the unmodified precursor. This suggested that the modification could be due both to proteolytic cleavage and to covalent modification of an amino acid residue. According to the latter suggestion, the intense phosphorylation of parental NP was observed in the cytoplasma of the infected cells when 32P was added for 30 min one hour postinfection. The nuclei of the infected cells early after infection contained more than half of parental ribonucleoprotein particles in which, however, unmodified NP was present. The possible significance of the observed modification of parental NP in the infectious cycle of influenza virus is discussed. PMID- 7293161 TI - [Improved method of determining the infectivity of the influenza virus]. AB - The infectious activity of influenza A virus preparations with different ratios of unsplit (HA) and split (HA1 + HA2) hemagglutinin was studied. For this purpose the virus was cultivated in chick embryos (the virus with split hemagglutinin), chick fibroblast culture (unsplit hemagglutinin) and in chick fibroblast culture to the medium of which chick embryo allantoic fluid was added (partially split hemagglutinin). Proteins were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by the scanning of the gels. An improved plaque method in cell cultures under the agar overlay was used to assay the infectious activity of the virus preparations. This method gave more accurate determinations of the infectious titre of the preparations tested. The routine titration method gave higher infectious titres of the preparations particularly for the virus with unsplit hemagglutinin. Employing the new method, a ratio of infectious and physical particles in preparations with different HA/HA1 + HA2 contents was determined and the productive activity of cells of the chorioallantoic membrane in chick embryos and chick fibroblast cell cultures infected with influenza virus was evaluated. PMID- 7293162 TI - [2 biological variants of the rabies virus obtained from 1 strain]. AB - Two variants of rabies virus were obtained in experimental mice from one wild strain. They differed in the duration of the incubation and clinical periods and in virus titres. One virus variant produced an acute disease and the other acute and chronic forms of the disease. These properties persisted throughout 21 and 12 successive passages, respectively. PMID- 7293163 TI - [Multiploid virions of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus. Isolation and properties]. AB - Multiploid virions present in the population of multiploid-forming mutant of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus were isolated from preparations of purified and concentrated virus by methods of zonal centrifugation in glycerin density gradient or gel filtration through biogel A-150 m. The portion of multiploid particles in such preparations reached 70%-90%. The isolated multiploid virions retained their morphology, infectivity and hemagglutinating activity. The multiploid particles were found to differ from standard virions in the sedimentation rate and buoyant density. PMID- 7293164 TI - [Retrovirus D-induced antigen in human tumors]. AB - Tissues of malignant and benign tumors from 254 patients were examined for the presence in them of a new, retrovirus D-associated antigen. Most frequently, the virus-induced antigen was present in pulmonary carcinomas (54.5%) and in large intestine tumors (25%). This antigen was detected almost with the same frequency (11%-12.5%) in fibroadenomas and mammary carcinomas, only in 8% of gastric tumors and very rarely in fibrous-cystic mastopathies (2.6%). No virus-induced antigen was found in tissues not involved in the cancer process or in tissues of normal subjects. Detection of the retrovirus D-associated antigen in tumor cells indicates the presence in them of this virus or its genome. PMID- 7293165 TI - [Use of a combined epidemiological, virological and morphological analysis of rubella infection for an epidemiological survey of congenital rubella]. AB - The results of composite epidemiological, virological and morphological studies of intrauterine rubella infection performed in 1979, in the period of maximum increase of rubella incidence in Moscow for 11 years (1969-1979) are presented. Investigations of 125 foci of rubella established a relatively high frequency of contacts of pregnant women with the source of infection in families of rubella patients. Twenty-nine cases of clinically manifest and inapparent rubella among pregnant women were detected and confirmed in the laboratory; intrauterine infection at 3-17 weeks was established in 16 out of 18 virologically examined women. The ratio of the disease forms was 3.5 : 1. Using laboratory methods of investigations, rubella of pregnant women was confirmed in 100% cases. From the aborted and fetal materials collected in the disease or inapparent infections of pregnant women rubella virus was isolated in 88.9%, marked pathomorphological lesions were found in organs of 61% of the fetuses examined. The organotropism of rubella virus was confirmed by a high rate (87%) of virus isolation from placenta and umbilical cords as well as by localization of morphological lesions in these organs and in the eye lens tissues. These characteristics of marked teratogenic potentials of the circulating virus strains indicate the necessity of organization of regular epidemiological surveys of rubella in pregnant women for prevention of congenital rubella in the USSR. PMID- 7293166 TI - [Maturation of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase polypeptides of the influenza virus in infected cells]. AB - Maturation of virus-specific hemagglutinin and neuraminidase polypeptides was studied in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with influenza A virus, the WSN strain. Hemagglutinin maturation is accompanied by a decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of the protein. The processes occurring in maturation are localized on the part of the molecule corresponding to the major hemagglutinin subunit. The previously reported virus-induced proteins III and IV have been identified as immature precursor and mature polypeptide of virus neuraminidase, respectively. This is concluded on the basis of the membrane localization of both proteins, the presence of sugars in at least one of them, the antigenic specificity of the proteins, their behavior in electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions, as well as the results of "pulse'chase" label experiments. The nature of the modifications accompanying viral neuraminidase maturation remains obscure; some possibilities are considered. PMID- 7293167 TI - [Effect of the inter- and intramolecular disulfide bonds on the electrophoretic properties of influenza virus proteins]. AB - The influence of disulphide bonds on the electrophoretic patterns of proteins of various influenza virus strains was studied by one-dimensional and two dimensional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. A significant effect of inter- and intramolecular disulphide bonds in proteins on their electrophoretic mobility was revealed for some structural viral proteins. In particular, polypeptides of WSN virus neuraminidase after routine treatment of the preparations with sodium dodecylsulphate and heating at a high temperature are detected as homodimers. A small portion of hemagglutinin polypeptides of 5 influenza strains under study are found as trimers under nonreducing conditions. Some subunits of the cleaved hemagglutinin (HA1 and HA2 proteins) of the virus preparations tested are not bound to each other by disulphide bonds. The electrophoretic mobility of intact hemagglutinin under nonreducing conditions is significantly higher than after the destruction of disulphide bonds. This phenomenon appears to be associated with increased compactness of molecules in electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Some data indicate a possibility of spontaneous closing up and unlocking of intramolecular disulphide bonds in hemagglutinin. In electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions, nucleoprotein of various influenza viruses is detected as multiple electrophoretic forms of approximately similar mobilities. The possibility of the existence of chemically similar but structurally different forms of nucleoprotein in vivo is discussed. In all purified influenza virus preparations tested a low molecular protein, P12, was found. PMID- 7293168 TI - [Comparative study of the action of amantadine (1-aminoadamantane) and remantadine (alpha-methyl-1-adamantane methylamine) hydrochloride on influenza virus A reproduction]. PMID- 7293169 TI - [Improved method of indirect solid-phase radioimmunological analysis for studying the influenza virus]. PMID- 7293170 TI - [Progress in the study of RNA-containing tumor viruses (oncoviruses)]. PMID- 7293171 TI - [Discussion about the nature and origin of viruses (philosophical and methodological aspects)]. PMID- 7293172 TI - [Taxonomic determination of viruses as autonomic genetic elements]. PMID- 7293175 TI - The utilisation and organisation of the aeromedical transportation service in Jamaica. PMID- 7293173 TI - Pulmonary function in Afro-Jamaicans. Implications in screening. PMID- 7293174 TI - Treatment of Jamaican hypertensives with atenolol and chlorthalidone. PMID- 7293177 TI - Cancer mortality in the Commonwealth Caribbean. PMID- 7293176 TI - Highly selective vagotomy for chronic duodenal ulcer a clinical report. PMID- 7293178 TI - The effect of minoxidil in improving renal function of patients with malignant hypertension. PMID- 7293179 TI - [Serum digoxin level in right ventricular circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 7293182 TI - [IgD in children with pollinosis during specific desensitization]. PMID- 7293180 TI - [Metastases of bronchial cancer into the heart]. PMID- 7293181 TI - [Chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphoma by the COP schedule]. PMID- 7293183 TI - [NBT reduction test in workers exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 7293184 TI - [Double remission of diabetes complicated by hyperosmolar coma]. PMID- 7293185 TI - [Avulsion of the gallbladder]. PMID- 7293186 TI - [Simultaneous eye and upper respiratory tract burns]. PMID- 7293187 TI - [Role of mass screening in medicine]. PMID- 7293188 TI - [Various therapeutic programs in sexology]. PMID- 7293189 TI - [Mountain climbing to great altitudes. Sports medicine aspects of expedition and trekking mountain climbing]. PMID- 7293190 TI - [Lead detoxication effect of a combined calcium phosphate and ascorbic acid therapy in pregnant women with increased lead burden (author's transl)]. AB - In former papers it was stated that the fetus can be exposed a considerable burden by traces of heavy metals and that a combined therapy with calcium phosphate and ascorbic acid has a good detoxifying effect. In fourty lead burdened mothers who were treated in this way the excretion of 5-aminolevulinic acid in urine decreased by 65%, the lead content of placenta by 90% and the lead content of mother's milk by 15% compared with a control group without treatment. The cadmium content of the placenta was reduced to 4% of the content in untreated mothers. PMID- 7293191 TI - [Continuous evaluation of the incidence of congenital malformations (author's transl)]. AB - In a previous retrospective analysis the rate of congenital malformations in the infants delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology II of the University of Vienna between 1961 and 1971 was found to be 4.52%. In a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted under identical conditions concerning the period from 1972 to 1978 a rate of 4.47% was computed. As the difference of 0.07% is below statistical significance, the incidence of malformations has apparently remained unchanged, the rate being approximately 4.5%. PMID- 7293192 TI - Pathological anatomy and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7293193 TI - Pancreatic necrosis and acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7293196 TI - Conservative surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7293195 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic impairment in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7293197 TI - Role of surgery in the management of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7293194 TI - Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7293198 TI - Role of total pancreatectomy in the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis. PMID- 7293199 TI - Importance of peritoneal irrigation after surgical treatment of hemorrhagic, necrotizing pancreatitis. PMID- 7293200 TI - Surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis: tactics, techniques, and results. PMID- 7293201 TI - Experimental basis and first application of clinical lymph vessel transplantation of secondary lymphedema. PMID- 7293202 TI - Isoproterenol overdose. PMID- 7293203 TI - Cor triatriatum. PMID- 7293204 TI - Computed tomography of the lumbar facet joints. PMID- 7293205 TI - Cesarean section in a rural community hospital; five-year survey of private obstetric practice. PMID- 7293206 TI - Breast milk jaundice: an evolving tale. PMID- 7293207 TI - A brief account of 30 years' mortality of Chinese population. PMID- 7293208 TI - Projection of supply and requirement of health manpower with particular reference to primary health care manpower. PMID- 7293209 TI - Projecting pharmacy manpower. PMID- 7293210 TI - A comparative study of the deacetylation of paracetamol by urodele and anuran amphibian organ cultures. AB - 1. p-Aminophenol is the major metabolite produced by urodele amphibian tissues in vitro. The deacetylation enzyme system involved is located in the liver microsomal fraction of Amphiuma means. 2. Paracetamol was deacetylated to p aminophenol by organ cultures of liver, kidney, pancreas and stomach epithelium from adult A. means, by liver, stomach epithelium, bladder and lung cultures from neotenic larval Ambystoma tigrinum, and by adult Triturus cristatus carnifex in vivo. 3. Liver cultures from all seven urodele amphibian species metabolized paracetamol and produced p-aminophenol, but no evidence was found of paracetamol metabolism by liver cultures from any of five anuran amphibian species. 4. The significance of p-aminophenol production from paracetamol and of this difference within the Amphibia are discussed. PMID- 7293211 TI - Metabolism of 4-benzamido-1-[4-(indol-3-yl)-4-oxobutyl]piperidine in rats and monkeys. AB - 1. Studies on the absorption, biotransformation and excretion of the potential anti-hypertensive agent 4-benzamido-1-[4-(indol-3-yl)-4-oxobutyl]piperidine (Wy 23699) have been carried out in monkeys and rats. 2. Absorption of the drug in both species was good, as shown by the relative proportions of radioactivity found in the urine after i.v. and oral dosage. 3. Biotransformation was extensive in both species, but the major routes of metabolism were different. In monkey N dealkylation gave rise to 4-benzamidopiperidine as the principal metabolite; two other minor metabolites were identified as 2-oxo-4-benzamidopiperidine and 4 benzamido-1-[4-(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)-4-oxo-butyl]piperidine. In the rat, this latter compound (as its conjugate) was the major metabolite; small amounts of benzamidopiperidine but not 2-oxobenzamidopiperidine were found. 4. There was a marked species difference in the route of excretion. Monkeys excreted greater than 60% dose of the drug in the urine, while rats excreted only 19% by this route. This may reflect the species difference in routes of metabolism, metabolic scission of the drug molecule seen in the monkey favouring renal rather than biliary excretion. The toxicological consequences of this are discussed. PMID- 7293212 TI - The biotransformation of [14C]phenol in some freshwater fish. AB - 1. The biotransformation of phenol was investigated in eight species of freshwater fish: bream (Abramis brama), goldfish (Carassius auratus), guppy (Poecilia reticulata), minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), perch (Perca fluviatilis), roach (Rutilus rutilus), rudd (Scardinius erythropthalmus) and tench (Tinca tinca), when exposed to sublethal concentrations of phenol in the aquarium water. 2. The two conjugates, phenyl sulphate and phenyl glucuronide, were the sole detected products produced by bream, perch, roach and rudd while phenyl sulphate alone was produced by goldfish, guppy, minnow and tench. 3. The immersion dosing method employed for the experiment is discussed with relation to the natural habitat of the fish. PMID- 7293213 TI - The metabolism of pentachloromethylthiobenzene in germ-free and conventional rats. PMID- 7293214 TI - The hydroxylation and dealkylation of some naphthyl alkyl ethers by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7293215 TI - Biliary excretion, metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of buprenorphine. AB - 1. After intramuscular administration of [3H]buprenorphine to rats, dogs, rhesus monkeys and one human volunteer, most of the dosed radioactivity was excreted in the faeces, indicating biliary excretion and a possible enterohepatic circulation of the drug in these species. 2. After intravenous administration of [3H]buprenorphine (100 microgram/kg) to bile-duct cannulated rats, over 90% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in bile within 48 h after dosing. 3. The major drug-related component in rat bile was buprenorphine glucuronide. N Dealkylated buprenorphine (again conjugated) was also present and a sex difference in the extent of N-dealkylation was apparent. 4. Intraduodenal infusion of rats with bile from rats dosed with [3H]buprenorphine produced a slow, although extensive, excretion of drug-related material in the bile of the recipient animals. PMID- 7293216 TI - Studies on the metabolism of tripamide, a new antihypertensive agent. I. Characterization of metabolites in rats. AB - 1. Tripamide (N-(4-aza-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decan-4-yl)-4-chloro-3 sulphamoyl [carbonyl-14C]benzamide) was metabolized in rat to yield five metabolites which were separated by chromatography, and characterized by mass spectrometry and reverse isotope dilution analysis. 2. The five metabolites were identified as follows; N-(3(or 5)-hydroxy-4-aza-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decan 4-yl)-4-chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzamide (3-hydroxy-tripamide); N-8(or 9)-hydroxy-4 aza-endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decan-4-yl)-4-chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzamide (8 hydroxy-tripamide); 4-chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzamide; 4-chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzoic acid; and 4-chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzoic acid-(N'-acetyl)hydrazide. 3. Tripamide was metabolized rapidly and the major metabolite was 4-chloro-3-sulphamoylbenzoic acid in rat blood. 4. After intravenous injection, the excretion rate of the hydroxylated tripamide into bile was about 2-3 times faster than that into urine. PMID- 7293217 TI - A major rat faecal metabolite of ipronidazole. PMID- 7293218 TI - Metabolism of [14C]emodin in the rat. AB - 1. Absorption, excretion, tissue distribution and metabolism of the anthraquinone [14C]emodin was studied after a single oral administration (approx. 50 mg/kg) to rats. 2. Urinary excretion amounted to 18(+/- 5)% dose in 24 h and to 22(+/- 6)% in 72 h. 3. Metabolites found in pooled urine (0-72 h) were mostly free anthraquinones (emodin and emodic acid, 16% dose); 3% was conjugated and 3% was non-extractable radioactivity. 4. In 24 h, 48 +/- 11% and in 120 h, 68 +/- 8% dose was excreted in the faeces, mostly in the free anthraquinone form. 5. In two cannulated rats biliary excretion reached a maximum at approx. 6 h and amounted to 49% dose within 15 h; 70% of biliary activity was in the form of conjugated emodin. 6. The content of radioactivity in most organs decreased significantly between 3 and 5 days. In kidneys, however, the 14C activity was still equiv. to 4.33 p.p.m. emodin after five days. Mesenterium and fat tissue showed increasing 14C activity from 72 to 120 h. PMID- 7293219 TI - Effects of liver injury and cholestasis on microsomal enzyme activities and metabolism of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane in vivo in rats. AB - 1. Cholestasis (bile-duct ligation 24 h before) had no effect on rat liver microsomal protein content, cytochrome P-450 or cytochrome c reductase activity, but depressed aniline hydroxylase activity and aminopyrine demethylase less so. Pretreatment with CCl4 (24 h before) decreased rat liver cytochrome P-450, aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase. 2. Halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane are metabolized via different pathways, resulting in different metabolic elimination rates in our exposure system (methoxyflurane greater than halothane greater than enflurane). Elimination half-lives of the three compounds from the atmosphere of the exposure system were three times longer in CCl4 injured rats; cholestasis had a weaker effect (30-50% increase). 3. Dehalogenation of enflurane, which is the preferred pathway, is affected to the same extent as the cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylation of halothane and the O-dealkylation of methoxyflurane. PMID- 7293220 TI - Metabolism of 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, a phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase inhibitor. I. Disposition following administration to the rat and dog. PMID- 7293221 TI - Metabolism of 7,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, a phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase inhibitor. II. Species difference in metabolism and synthesis of its metabolites. AB - 1. 7,8-Dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (DCTQ), a potent reversible inhibitor of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, was well absorbed, readily metabolized and excreted mainly in urine. 2. Its pathways of metabolism in rats and dogs were markedly different. In the dog, N-methylation was followed by N oxidation to give the corresponding N-methyl-N-oxide as the final metabolic product. This was not observed in the rat. 3. In the rat, major pathways are aromatization of DCTQ to the corresponding isoquinoline and subsequent hydroxylation in the hetero ring to all three possible isomeric hydroxy isoquinolines. 4. Authentic metabolites were synthesized for comparison with metabolites isolated from urine. PMID- 7293222 TI - Polymorphic acetylation of sulfamethazine in a Nigerian (Yoruba) population. AB - 1. Sulfamehtazine was administered orally to 165 Yoruba subjects (40 mg/kg body wt.). Free and acetylated sulfamethazine were determined in the 6 h urines. 2. The population frequency histogram for percentage of urinary acetylated sulfamethazine was bimodal, although not completely resolved. Slow acetylators constituted 45% of the population studied. 3. This Yoruba population did not differ statistically (P greater than 0.05) in this respect from the two major tribally distinct groups in Nigeria previously investigated. PMID- 7293223 TI - Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steroids in the horse: the identification of some 16-oxygenated metabolites of testosterone and a study of the phase II metabolism. AB - 1. Isomers of 3,17-dihydroxyandrostan-16-one, 3,16-dihydroxyandrostan-17-one and androstane-3,16,17-triol have been identified as urinary metabolites of testosterone in the horse. 2. Following XAD-2 extraction of urine samples, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography was used to separate the extract into conjugate groups. Metabolites obtained after hydrolysis of the conjugates have been investigated by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry. 3. Testosterone, 3,17 dihydroxyandrostan-16-one and 3,16-dihydroxyandrostan-17-one were found only in the sulphate fraction. 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol, and two isomeric androstane triols were present mainly in this fraction and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 alpha-diol was a minor component. In the glucuronide fraction 5 alpha androstane-3 beta,17 alpha-diol was the major metabolite present and 5 alpha androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol and the two isomeric triols were minor components. PMID- 7293224 TI - A comparative study on the metabolism of d-limonene and 4-vinylcyclohex-1-ene by hepatic microsomes. PMID- 7293225 TI - Aryl ether O-dealkylase activity in the skin of untreated mice in vitro. AB - 1. O-Dealkylation of p-nitroanisole and p-nitrophenetole in 10 000 g supernatant preparations of mouse skin is detectable and quantifiable. The reaction is NADPH dependent and is mediated by cytochrome P-450. 2. The rate of p-nitroanisole O demethylation in mouse skin preparations is 2% of that in mouse liver preparations on a mg protein basis, but only 0.23% on a g of tissue basis. 3. For p-nitrophenetole O-deethylation, the cutaneous Vmax is 3.8% of the hepatic Vmax on a mg protein basis. The Km values for the reaction in these two tissues are in a 3:1 ratio, suggesting that there are no marked qualitative differences between cutaneous and hepatic cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7293227 TI - Differences in inducibility of particulate and cytosolic rat liver glutathione S transferase activities. AB - 1. Rat liver mitochondrial microsomal glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activities with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate were 11.0 and 11.6%, and with 1,2 dichloro-4-nitrobenzene as substrate were 27.7 and 15.4%, of the corresponding cytosolic activities respectively. 2. Marked difference in inducibility of cytosolic and particulate GSH S-transferase activities were seen after pretreatment of animals with enzyme-inducing agents. 3-Methylcholanthrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin enhanced cytosolic GSH S-transferase activity only. Phenobarbital induced the cytosolic and microsomal enzymes only. PMID- 7293228 TI - Biotransformation of [14C]midazolam in the rat in vitro and in vivo. AB - 1. Aerobic incubation of the maleate salt of midazolam, 8-chloro-6-(2 fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine, with rat liver 9000 g supernatant fluid fortified with an NADPH-generating system yielded three metabolites. These were identified with an 1-hydroxymethyl derivative formed by oxidation of the methyl substituent on the imidazo moiety, the derivative hydroxylated at C-4 of the diazepine ring, and the corresponding dihydroxy derivative. 2. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital stimulated the oxidative metabolism in vitro of midazolam by 9000 g liver supernatant. 3. Rats given 2.5 mg/kg of [14C]midazolam maleate i.v. excreted 81% of the administered radioactivity in the faeces and 10% in the urine in 24 h. The highest levels of 14C were in the liver and the lowest in the brain during the first day. 4. Four phenolic derivatives of midazolam were identified in rat bile. These were the 4' hydroxy and the 4'-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl derivatives of midazolam and two benzophenones. Evidence that the benzophenones were artifacts derived from the 4 hydroxy derivatives of the two biliary benzodiazepine metabolites is presented. These biliary metabolites were excreted as glucuronide and/or sulphate conjugates. 5. The Propensity of the rat to excrete phenolic metabolites of midazolam in bile is in agreement with the metabolism of several other benzodiazepines in this species. PMID- 7293226 TI - Comparison of the disposition of several nitrogen-containing compounds in the sea urchin and other marine invertebrates. AB - 1. The disposition of an aromatic amine and three aromatic nitro compounds was investigated in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 2. The sea urchin rapidly eliminated injected compounds. The elimination rate constants decreased in the order p-toluidine greater than p-nitroanisole = p-nitrophenol greater than p-nitrotoluene. The fraction of total injected compound eliminated in 8 h was lowest for p-nitrophenol less than p-toluidine less than p-nitrotoluene less than p-nitroanisole. 3. Biotransformation for the sea urchin was primarily reduction of the nitro group followed by acetylation of the amine. 4. Other animals, starfish (Pisaster ochraceus), sea cucumber (Cucumaria miniata), gum boot chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri) and mussels (Mytilus californianus), injected with p nitroanisole exhibited a trend toward oxidative biotransformation. 5. Elimination of parent compound was the major pathway for reducing body burden of xenobiotics for the invertebrates studied. 6. p-Toluidine oxidizes during analysis and was thus not suitable for studying biotransformation. PMID- 7293229 TI - The fate of oxalic acid in the Wistar rat. AB - 1. An established procedure for determining oxalate in human urine has been modified for rat urine. The daily excretion of oxalate by the male Wistar rat is 570-650 microgram. 2. Oxalate excretion in rat urine following i.p. administration of [14C]oxalic acid (1-70 mg/kg) has been studied. The rate and degree of excretion are dose-dependent. 3. The excretion of urinary oxalate by the rat has been quantified after administration of two oxalate-producing xenobiotics, alpha-chlorohydrin and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. 4. Oxalate inhibits the metabolism of glucose and lactate by isolated rat kidney tubules in vitro. PMID- 7293230 TI - Metabolism of the epoxy resin component 2,2 bis[4](2,3]epoxypropoxy)phenyl]propane, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) in the mouse. Part I. A comparison of the fate of a single dermal application and of a single oral dose of 14C-DGEBPA. AB - 1. 14C-DGEBPA dermally applied to mice was only slowly eliminated in the feces (20% dose) and urine (3%), as a mixture of metabolites, over three days. Most of the applied radioactivity (66% dose) was extracted from the application area and its covering foil. 2. When 14C-DGEBPA was given orally to mice it was rapidly excreted; 80% of the administered 14C was eliminated in the feces and 11% in the urine 0-3 days after a single oral dose. 3. The urinary faecal metabolite profiles derived from dermal application and oral dosing were essentially similar. PMID- 7293231 TI - Metabolism of the epoxy resin component 2,2-bis[4-(2,3 epoxypropoxy)phenyl]propane, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) in the mouse. Part II. Identification of metabolites in urine and faeces following a single oral dose of 14C-DGEBPA. AB - 1. The major metabolic transformation of orally ingested 14C-DGEBPA is by hydrolytic ring-opening of the two epoxide rings to form diols. This metabolite (the bis-diol of DGEBPA) is excreted in both free and conjugated forms and is further metabolized to various carboxylic acids, including two containing a methylsulphonyl moiety. 2. The product of oxidative dealkylation either of DGEBPA (with concomitant formation of glycidaldehyde) or of the bis-diol of DGEBPA (with concomitant formation of glyceraldehyde) is excreted in both free and conjugated forms in amounts representing 5% of the dose. 3. The high activity of epoxide hydratase towards DGEBPA suggests that glyceraldehyde and not glycidaldehyde is formed in vivo. 4. Hepatic epoxide hydratase activity towards DGEBPA measured in vitro decreased in the order rabbit greater than mouse greater than rat. 5. Two discrete epoxide hydratases are present in large amounts in the mouse. One is membrane-bound in the liver microsomal fraction and the other is a "soluble' enzyme located in the liver cytosol. This cytosolic enzyme was present in only very small amounts in the rat. PMID- 7293232 TI - Semi-quantitative profile of regioisomeric monohydroxydiphenylmethane metabolites in rat urine, faeces and bile. AB - 1. Urine and faeces, and two-hour bile samples from adult male rats dosed with [14C]diphenylmethane were analysed for benzhydrol and 2- and 4-hydroxydiphenyl methane by silica gel GF t.l.c. and 14C-determination. 2. Mean values of 48.4% and 17.7% of the administered 14C were present in 24 h urine and faeces, respectively. Benzhydrol and 2- and 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane comprised 3.7%, 0.3% and 4.8% respectively of the 14C isolated from urine and 3.1%, 0.8%, and 4.8% respectively of the 14C isolated from faeces. 3. Bile samples (2h) contained 3.2% of the administered radioactivity. After treatment with beta-glucuronidase/aryl sulphatase, 71.9% of the recovered biliary radioactivity was identified as benzhydrol (37.5%) and 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane (34.4%). PMID- 7293233 TI - A comparison of the elimination and biotransformation of dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO) by rats, rabbits, and man. AB - 1. The biotransformation of [1-14C]dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO) was studied in rats, rabbits and humans. 2. Metabolites eliminated in 0-24 h urine after oral dosing were separated by cation exchange chromatography into at least ten separate peaks for each species. Several prominent urinary metabolites were identified using reverse isotope dilution, g.l.c.-mass spectrometry and n.m.r. 3. Metabolite structures suggested metabolic pathways that included omega, beta oxidation of the aliphatic chain, amine oxide reduction, and aliphatic mid-chain hydroxylation. 4. Comparison was made of the 0-24 h urinary metabolites from males of each species. N,N-Dimethyl-4-aminobutyric acid and its N-oxide accounted for 28% of the dose in humans, 28% in rabbits and 23% in rats. These species excreted 44, 51 and 60% of the dose, respectively, in 24 h. Therefore, humans and rabbits were more efficient than rats in degrading the alkyl chain to compounds containing four-carbon acids. In contrast to rabbits and humans, rats excreted greater than 12% of the dose as long-chain compounds. At least half of these compounds were C-hydroxylated amino-alcohols. 5. Under the conditions employed, the rabbit more closely approximates the metabolism of DDAO by human than does the rat. PMID- 7293234 TI - Metabolism of N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)-succinimide (BL 14) in rat liver preparations. Characterization of four oxidative reactions. AB - 1. Four non-acidic primary metabolites of N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide (BL 14) were identified and quantified using g.l.c. and mass spectrometry. The metabolites are alpha-hydroxy-N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide (A), N-(5 (2-oxopyrrolidino)-pent-3-ynyl)succinimide (B), N-(2-hydroxy-5-pyrrolidinopent-3 ynyl)succinimide (C) and N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide N-oxide (E), the latter analysed after reduction to the parent amine. 2. In rat liver preparations, all metabolites are formed by microsomal, NADPH-dependent enzyme systems, but with different characteristics. The response to inhibitors such as CO and SKF 525A indicates participation of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the formation of all metabolites. Phenobarbital pretreatment markedly enhances propynylic hydroxylation (C) but has little or no effect on the other metabolic pathways. Succinimide hydroxylation (A) exhibits a pH optimum at 7.0, while the formation of metabolism B and C increases at pH values between 6.4 and 7.7. 3. Kinetic studies on the formation of metabolites A-C revealed differences in the Michaelis constant, while the Vmax values were similar. Succinimide hydroxylation (A) is most efficient with a Km of 3.7 X 10(-5) M, compared with a Km of 1.7 X 10(-3) M for propynylic hydroxylation (C). 4. The formation of metabolites B and E conforms to the corresponding mechanisms for lactam and N-oxide formation for other xenobiotics. The formation of metabolites A and C represents two extremities, reflected in their different responses to phenobarbital pretreatment, pH changes and in their different Km values. Although little can be discerned about the mechanisms from the literature, the enzymes catalysing both reactions appear to be cytochromes. PMID- 7293235 TI - Enterohepatic circulation in formation of propachlor (2-chloro-N isopropylacetanilide) metabolites in the rat. AB - 1. Bile secreted from rats given single oral doses of 2-chloro-N isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) contained 58% dose as metabolites from the mercapturic acid pathway (glutathione, mercapturate, cysteine conjugates, and a sulphoxide of the mercapturate). 2. Bile secreted from rats given single oral doses of the cysteine conjugate of propachlor contained glucuronide conjugates of hydroxylated 2-methylsulphonyl-N-isopropylacetanilides. 3. In contrast, when the intestinal microflora were bypassed by intravenous administration of the cysteine conjugate of propachlor, the bile contained only the mercapturate and the sulphoxide of the mercapturate. 4. Rats fed an antibiotic-containing diet and given single oral doses of either propachlor or the cysteine conjugate of propachlor excreted only mercapturic acid pathway metabolites in the urine, bile, and faeces, and no methylsulphonyl-containing metabolites. Faecal 14C from the antibiotic-fed rats given either propachlor or the cysteine conjugate of propachlor was extractable, in contrast to previously reported unextractable faecal 14C residues from untreated rats given propachlor orally. 5. From these results, we conclude that metabolism by the microflora was necessary for production of the methylsulphonyl-containing metabolites excreted by the rat. Enterohepatic circulation of the xenobiotic moiety of these mercapturic acid pathway metabolites is influenced by the presence of a microbial C-S lyase. PMID- 7293236 TI - Differences in the biotransformation of a 17 beta-hydroxylated steroid, trenbolone acetate, in rat and cow. AB - 1. The metabolism of trenbolone acetate, 17 beta-acetoxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (TBA), an anabolic compound used as a growth promoter, was compared in rat and cow. 2. [6,7-3H] TBA was injected i.v. into rats and a heifer, and bile was collected for 24 h. In both species, the bile was the major route of excretion. TBA undergoes an extensive hydrolysis to 17 beta-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one and the unchanged compound was not detected, but subsequent major metabolic pathways are different in the two species. 3. In the rat, oxidation of the 17 beta-hydroxyl to the 17-oxo group and hydroxylation in the 16 alpha-position are the major routes. The three major metabolites are 17 beta-hydroxyestra-4,9,11 trien-3-one, 16 alpha, 17 beta-dihydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one and 16 alpha hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3, 17-dione. 4. In the heifer, 17 alpha-epimerization is the major pathway and the main metabolite is the 17 alpha-hydroxyestra-4,9,11 trien-3-one. 5. In both species, estra-4,9,11-trien-3,17-dione and the other metabolites, resulting either from hydroxylation in 1, 2, 6 beta, 16 alpha or 16 beta positions, or from aromatization of the A ring, were minor products. 6. Overall, 60% of the 3-oxotriene structures identified in the rat bile were 17 beta-hydroxylated and the remainder were 17-keto metabolites, whereas in the heifer bile 90% were 17 alpha-hydroxylated compounds. 7. Thus, in bovine species, the major pathway is similar to those of testosterone or 17 beta-estradiol which are mainly excreted as their 17 alpha-epimers. The epimerization strongly decreases the biological potency, as with the natural 17 beta-hormones, and leads to detoxication of tissue residues. PMID- 7293238 TI - Staging of lung cancer. AB - The morphology of the tumor and the anatomic extent of the disease are important factors influencing treatment selection and ultimately survival for patients with lung cancer. The American Joint Committee TNM system provides a method for consistent reproducible description of the primary tumor (T), the status of the regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence or absence of distant metastasis (M). The TNM subsets thus classified can be grouped into three "stages" of disease such that the survival expectations for patients in each stage and cell type are similar. This classification of patients with respect to estimates of their prognosis is essential for valid comparisons of treatment modalities and meaningful communication of end results information.Clinical characteristics which influence survival are reflected in the staging recommendations. The size of the lesion, the proximal margination, and the presence or absence of other pulmonary complications are features which distinguish the T classification as T1, T2, or T3. The presence or absence of lymph node involvement has an important bearing on survival expectations. Advancing from no nodal involvement, N0, to involvement of the peribronchial and hilar nodes, N1, and then to the mediastinal nodes, N2, causes progressive erosion in survival expectations. The tumor morphology and specific nodes that are involved are important components of this relationship. The presence of distant metastasis, M1, is synonymous with an extremely poor prognosis. Using these prognostic elements, the TNM subsets are combined into three stages of disease so that patients in each group will have a generally similar life expectancy, the survival for patients with stage I disease being significantly greater than that for patients with stage II disease which is significantly greater than survival for patients with stage III disease.Improvements in the outcome for lung cancer patients depend upon the depth and scope of our scientific understandings and our ability to communicate our observations to one another. Measures of response to treatment can be translated into therapeutic practice only if uniform evaluators are used. Accordingly, a reproducible valid system for staging of lung cancer is recommended. PMID- 7293237 TI - The disposition and metabolism of 3,4',5-tribromosalicylanilide and 4'5 dibromosalicylanilide in the rat. AB - 1. The metabolism of two pesticides, 3,4',5-tribromosalicylanilide (TBS) and 4',5 dibromosalicylanilide (DBS) has been studied after oral administration to rats. 2. Approximately 65% of the dose of TBS is absorbed, and then excreted as glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of two hydroxylated metabolites. One of these has been identified as 4'-hydroxy-3,5-dibromosalicylanilide, while evidence suggests that the other metabolite is 5-hydroxy-3,4'-dibromosalicylanilide. 3. In contrast, only 11% of the dose of DBS is absorbed; it is then excreted mainly as glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of the parent molecule. PMID- 7293239 TI - Histologic classification and differential diagnosis of mesothelioma. AB - Controversy surrounds the diagnosis, classification, and therefore the epidemiology of those tumors which have been designated as mesotheliomas. The group includes lesions which are as broadly different as benign fibrous lesions which some authors refer to as fibromas and anaplastic tumors which are extremely difficult to differentiate from peripheral lung cancers. The former are benign tumors which are usually readily resected and therefore cured. The latter are unresectable tumors which are invariably fatal and which may terminate with extensive metastatic disease. The reasons for including all of these lesions under the category of mesothelioma and the differential diagnosis of the various types is discussed. PMID- 7293240 TI - Health manpower: challenge for the Eighties. PMID- 7293241 TI - Regulation of phenol degradation in Pseudomonas putida. AB - In order to characterize the ability of Pseudomonas putida (TREVISAN 1889) MIGULA 1895 strain H to degrade various mono- and diphenolic aromatic compounds, respiratory activities towards phenol, catechol, and the cresol isomers were determined. The following rates of oxygen uptake (QO2) were obtained with resting phenol-grown cells: phenol -- 229, o-cresol -- 231, m-cresol -- 43, p-cresol -- 200, catechol -- 262. All these compounds were oxidized by a two-phase-kinetics, the first phase is characterized by a higher oxidation rate than the second. The oxidation of phenol as well as of p-cresol was found to be substrate-inhibited at concentrations above 0.25 mM. A Ki-value of 100 mg/l was calculated for phenol oxidation. The phenol-degrading enzyme system is induced, probably coordinately, by phenol and the cresol isomers. In strain H the degradation of phenol is carried out simultaneously with the assimilation of natural carbohydrates like glucose and sodium pyruvate. Aniline as well as sodium benzoate, though not metabolized by strain H, cause a concentration-dependent inhibition of phenol degradation in resting phenol-grown cells of that strain. The mechanism of this inhibition is discussed. PMID- 7293242 TI - The induction of cytochrome P-450 in Lodderomyces elongisporus. AB - In the alkane-utilizing yeast strain Lodderomyces elongisporus cytochrome P-450 is induced by aliphatic hydrocarbons and to a lesser degree also by some of their derivatives. Cycloheximide and glucose inhibit the induction process, the former by inhibition of cytoplasmic translation, the latter presumably by catabolite repression. Among the nearly 40 checked compounds tetradecane and 1-tetradecene are the most effective inducers. The branching of the alkyl chain as well as the terminal introduction of electrophilic atoms decrease the induction effect. PMID- 7293243 TI - Microbial fixation of nitrogen in the presence of lanthanum sulphate. AB - The effect of lanthanum sulphate on five Azotobacter strains (4A7, 10, 5A2, 5A1, and 3A3) isolated from Allahabad soil consists in a considerable increase in the nitrogen fixation, carbon consumption and in the amount of nitrogen fixed in mg per g of carbon consumed. The presence of 200 microM, 300 microM and 400 microM lanthanum sulphate in culture media increases the fixation of nitrogen by all the nitrogen fixers significantly. PMID- 7293244 TI - Interaction of bacteriophage O2 with strains of the genus Oerskovia. AB - Bacteriophage O2 multiplies normally on Oerskovia turbata IMET 47 153. It has a burst size of about 100 p.f.u. per infected cell and a latent period of 100 min at 30 degrees C. On Oerskovia xanthineolytica IMET 47 383 clear spots were formed after addition of high phage concentrations onto agar top layers. By phase contrast observation, and measurement of the optical density of infected cultures, it was found that the clearing effect on strain IMET 47 383 was due to lysis-from-without. Phage O2 adsorbs and injects its DNA into cells of strain IMET 47 383 but phage multiplication does not occur, and the phage DNA becomes degraded. Inhibition of phage DNA injection by the combined action of xanthotoxin -- u.v. irradiation abolished the clearing activity of phage lysates. Therefore, both adsorption and DNA injection seem to be prerequisites for the release of a lytic activity out of the phage particle, which is responsible for the clearing effect on strain IMET 47 383. PMID- 7293245 TI - Influence of dimethylsulfoxide on transcription by bacteriophage T3-induced RNA polymerase. AB - Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) up to 25% (v/v) does not cause irreversible alterations of T3 DNA at 42.5 degrees C as assayed by transcription with T3-specific RNA polymerase. The optimal temperature for the formation of polyanion-resistant ternary complexes of the enzyme, T3 DNA, and nascent RNA chains is lowered by 12.5 degrees C in the presence of 20% (v/v) DMSO. The same solvent concentration, however, decreased the temperature optimal for T3 RNA chain elongation by only 2.5 degrees C, indicating that DMSO preferably affects the initiation of T3 RNA synthesis. DMSO accelerates the loss of T3-specific RNA polymerase activity at 24.5 degrees C. Nevertheless, the speed with which the binary complexes between the phage RNA polymerase and DNA are inactivated by heat (42.5 degrees C) is not altered in presence of 20% (v/v) DMSO. The binding of T3-induced RNA polymerase to T3 DNA in polyanion-resistant ternary complexes is influenced by DMSO which makes the enzyme accessible to the inhibitory action of polyvinyl sulfate. Elongation of T3 RNA chains is slowed down by 20% (v/v) DMSO. PMID- 7293246 TI - Enzymes of glucose isomerization in various microorganisms. AB - Screening tests for glucose-isomerizing strains of various type, reference and laboratory strains of bacteria including actinomycetes, and yeasts were carried out. The ability to convert glucose to fructose was found to be widely distributed among various microorganisms. It was shown that glucose-isomerizing ability was most prevalent in the genera Aerobacter and Escherichia, but was not found in the bacterial genera belonging to the order Pseudomonadales. Although their activities were not very high (probably due to unsuitable culture conditions) more than 70% of the actinomycetes and 60% of the yeasts grown on xylose possessed glucose-isomerizing activity. PMID- 7293247 TI - [Composition of the microorganism population in an unprotected fermentation process]. AB - An accompanying flora of the production strains always develops in each unprotected continuous fermentation process. In the process of production of fodder biomass from gas oil the high specific growth rate provides sufficient selection advantages to the production strain Lodderomyces elongisporus "D" EH 15 against substrate competitors. The accompanying flora uses products of metabolism and lysis as carbon and energy sources. The concentration of these compounds in the medium and consequently the development of the accompanying flora depends on the process conditions. During a period of more than ten years the taxonomic diagnostic and technological properties of the production strain Lodderomyces elongisporus "D" EH 15 did not change, caused by the permanent selection stress in the continuous fermentation process. PMID- 7293248 TI - [Disorders of the conduction stimulus]. PMID- 7293249 TI - [Sick sinus node syndrome]. PMID- 7293250 TI - [Indeterminate syncopal attacks of cardiac etiology in old age]. PMID- 7293252 TI - [ECG changes and risk factors in the elderly]. PMID- 7293253 TI - [Characteristics of angina pectoris in old age--diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7293254 TI - [Chronic ischemic heart disease in lipid metabolism disorders dependent on age]. PMID- 7293255 TI - [Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7293256 TI - [Therapy of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7293251 TI - [Possibilities of analyzing disorders of heart rhythm using cassette recording apparatus]. PMID- 7293258 TI - [Problems of cardiomyopathies in old age within the framework of drug therapy]. PMID- 7293257 TI - [Cardiomyopathies with special reference to age]. PMID- 7293259 TI - [ECG findings in cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 7293260 TI - [The cardiovascular risk-profile of persons with normal, borderline disturbed and certain pathological glucose tolerance in dependence on the body-weight (author's transl)]. AB - For a group of 218 persons with normal, borderline disturbed and certain pathological glucose tolerance (age and sex matched controls) the following risk factors were determined: - overweight (Broca-index greater than 1.1) - hypertension (WHO-criterions) - hypertriglyceridaemia (from 200 mg/dl) - hypercholesterolaemia (from 260 mg/dl) and - hyperuricaemia (from 6,5 mg/dl (male) respectively 6,0 mg/dl (female). These risk factors were compared in dependence on the bodyweight in each case. There were average values of 1.68 associated risk factors for normal persons, 2.55 for borderline diabetics and 2.72 for newly discovered but not yet treated diabetics. With growing bodyweight the part of hypertensions increases, with borderline diabetics stronger than with normal persons but weaker than with diabetics. The behaviour of the hypertriglyceridaemia frequency is the same. The frequency of hyperuricaemias surpasses with borderline diabetics those for normal persons and diabetics. The frequency of hyperuricaemia does not show the strong proportionality to the bodyweight with disturbed glucose tolerance as with normal persons. The average value of cardiovascular risk factors increases greater with low degree of glucose intolerance than with clearly disturbed glucose tolerance. PMID- 7293261 TI - [The role of sports in preparation for an active age (author's transl)]. AB - The starting hypothesis is aimed at the retarding effect of sporting activities on ageing. Sport just improve those abilities, which are reduced with ageing, for instance the motoric-dynamic mobilities. The effect of sport can also be identified at the heart-circuit-respiration-system. Staying power training is desired for preventive effectiveness. Psychic functions are influenced and models of behaviour are formed by sport. Individual motivations must be used stronger and barriers must be destroyed to increase the general efficaciousness of sports in old age. Sport in old age is not identical with sport of pensioners, the health training should already start in the fourties and continued up to the end of the life. Concerning the organisation and fitness of the persons the lawfulness has to be considered. PMID- 7293262 TI - [Tasks of the university cadre of public health and social agencies in granting medical protection to the population and medical assistance in catastrophies]. PMID- 7293263 TI - [Introduction to the theme: Cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7293264 TI - [The pathomorphology of cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 7293265 TI - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7293266 TI - [The importance of diagnostic procedures in cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 7293267 TI - [Indication and execution of angiography in cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 7293269 TI - [Neurosurgical treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 7293268 TI - [Therapy of acute cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7293270 TI - [Driving ability in cerebrovascular diseases from an internist viewpoint]. PMID- 7293271 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of stroke]. PMID- 7293272 TI - [Feasibility of surgical treatment for rheumatic patients]. PMID- 7293273 TI - [Femur head necrosis in patients with coxarthrosis--incidence and treatment possibilities]. PMID- 7293274 TI - [The value of case records for a rational diagnosis]. PMID- 7293276 TI - [Biomechanics of respiration in patients with expiratory stenosis of trachea and main bronchi (author's transl)]. AB - The results of mechanical examinations of breathing (pneumotachogram, esophagopressure, intrabronchial pressure) in 62 patients with endoscopically and roentgenologically proved expiratory stenosis of the trachea and main bronchi by invagination of the pars membranacea are given. The localization of the obstructive syndrome was mainly central in 26 cases and mainly peripheral in another 36. The examinations of mechanics of breathing allowed a quantitative estimation of the role of the expiratory stenosis in ventilation disturbance, the differentiation of functional mechanisms and the distinction of a primary and a secondary type of invagination of the pars membranacea caused by emphysema. The results serve to give indications for conservative and operative treatment as well as to check the therapeutical results. PMID- 7293275 TI - Influenza vaccine response following its simultaneous application with BCG 1st report. AB - Different regimens for vaccination against influenza and tuberculosis were compared on the basis of experiments with Guinea-pigs and rabbits and observations of human volunteers. Influenza vaccines (live and inactivated) and BCG were given separately and simultaneously. No unfavourable influence of these vaccines upon one another was observed. Clinic and laboratory indices of vaccine efficacy under both conditions were identical. BCG did not influence the postvaccination virus shedding of a live influenza vaccine. The immunogenicity of influenza vaccines given simultaneously with BCG appeared to be improved. The evaluation of live and inactivated influenza vaccines under different schemes show that the inactivated influenza vaccine (AGH) has greater immunogenicity. The distinction was also evident in evaluations of vaccine efficacy in animals after challenge with pathogenic influenza virus. These findings indicate that the simultaneous application of influenza and tuberculosis vaccines should be further investigated. PMID- 7293277 TI - [The significance of examination of breathing mechanics during general anaesthesia and artificial ventilation for the complex assessment of functional pulmonary conditions in patients with nonspecific respiratory disease (author's transl)]. AB - The results of mechanical examinations of breathing during bronchoscopy in general anaesthesia with various breathing regimens in 140 patients with chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases are given. The variations of breathing mechanics depend on both the extent of the pulmonary changes and the localization of the obstructive syndrome (large and small bronchi) and they correlate with the clinical severity of the respiratory insufficiency. In comparison with the mechanical examinations of breathing in spontaneous breathing we can find a very good coincidence of the results. The results from 42 patients with expiratory stenosis of the trachea and main bronchi are emphasized. The method mentioned guarantees a reliable judgement of the functional condition of the lungs without an additional annoyance of the patient and also without an essential complication of the bronchoscopic examinations. It makes practical clinical conclusions concerning the treatment and the choice of the suitable anaesthesiologic procedure possible. It has the greatest perspective in the modern pulmonologic hospital. PMID- 7293279 TI - [The influence of different parameters for roentgenologic recognition of disseminated lung diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The influence and diagnostic value of different film blackness, of different consideration times and of different layer angles for the diagnostic quality in disseminated lung diseases was examined by using the ROC-conception. The results of these examinations show, that variation of film blackness by +/- 25% have no influence of the diagnostic quality. Longer consideration times have a higher diagnostic accuracy than short consideration times. Moreover we found, that radiography, produced with lower layer angles, for example the zonography, allow a higher diagnostic accuracy than tomograms, which were produced with a great layer angle. PMID- 7293280 TI - [A computerized information system of bacillary tuberculosis in the Czech Socialist Republic (author's transl)]. AB - The automated information system for bacillary tuberculosis is based on the registration of all positive mycobacterial examinations in the 43 tuberculosis laboratories in CSR. Data on the patient, the health service reporting, the kind of the material examined, and the actual microbiological examination including the identification of species and sensibility to antituberculotics are surrendered to the computer by means of a punched card or tape. On the base of the entrance information all sources are collected in the computer the data input being checked in regard to accuracy of the parts and logical relationship to the various variables. All sources of information of the data bank, made actual concerning the mycobacterial examinations are available to the programme. Another programme is supplementing the information on tests for identification and antituberculotic sensibility of the mycobacteria. With the aid of other programmes regular monthly summaries are done by the data bank for the cooperating laboratories and the specialists in the districts and countries. Finally another programme answers the evaluation of the annual reports of the mycobacterial investigations and reports on the epidemiological data of the diseased persons. In 1977 13,909 notifications of tuberculosis findings were analysed, coming from 3,782 persons. This analysis made evident the following conclusions reflecting the recent situation of mycobacteriologic diagnostics and the significance of the tuberculosis problem in communities with a low tuberculosis prevalence: a) The prevalence of bacillary tuberculosis in CSR (37/100,000) is ranging in the various districts between 27 and 44/100,000. The prevalence of persons with proof of mycobacteria already by smear amounts to 10/100,000 inhabitants. b) The highest portion of bacillary tuberculosis comes from persons with symptoms (45%), it amounts to 17% in persons with active tuberculosis already in dispensary care, to 15% in persons with fibrotic lesions and 14% in recidives. After a five year experience with the computerized information system of bacillary tuberculosis the authors recommended to centralize and to combine it with the central state tuberculosis register in order to utilize the data and evaluated in the level of the districts and countries as well for the management of the tuberculosis control programme in the level of the whole state. PMID- 7293278 TI - [Alveolitis and fibrosis of the lung within the drainage area of a hospital for diseases of the lung (author's transl)]. AB - Within the drainage area of the Central Hospital for Diseases of Heart and Lungs at Bad Berka/ GDR 337 persons (210 male, 127 female) with alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis were observed during a period of 17 years (1963-1979). The average-age of the patient was 43.5 (11-70) years. The mean duration of the illness was to 9 years. The time elapsing up to the confirmation of the diagnosis amounts to approximately 4.35 years. The yearly incidence of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis are estimated at one case among 40,000 people. During the last years more attention has been given to these diseases but there seems to be also a true increase of the frequency of these conditions. PMID- 7293281 TI - [Repulsion against smoking- a paradoxical subjective clinical symptom in smokers' pulmonary cancer with central localization (author's transl)]. AB - The paper insists on a paradoxical clinical symptom in smokers' pulmonary cancer; the disgust for smoking. A group of 79 smokers (men), of which 68 had smoked an average of over 200,000 cigarettes, among 71 had smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day, presenting a centrally localized pulmonary cancer, was interrogated with the aid of a simple questionnaire, about the changes that had appeared in their smoking habits during the last 24 months. The consultation revealed that 70 patients (88.6%) complained about a repulsion against smoking which had appeared 2-4 months before, making them stop smoking or reduce the number of cigarettes. This repulsion against smoking may be considered as a new sign in the diagnosis of the central pulmonary cancer in men smokers PMID- 7293282 TI - [Smoking among persons in higher age (author's transl)]. AB - In Hungary not only the portion of old people in the population is increasing but also the number of smoking old persons. By reason of the multimorbidity characteristic to the higher age and because of the image pattern to younger citizens stopping or at least reducing smoking in the higher age must be aimed for just as among young persons. PMID- 7293283 TI - [Recommendations for management and evaluation of epicutaneous, intracutaneous and prick tests and nasal and inhalative allergen test]. PMID- 7293284 TI - [Fatty acid composition of triglycerides in inflammatory liver diseases in diabetics with and without hyperlipoproteinemia]. AB - In 228 patients with diabetes mellitus (130 diabetics without and 98 diabetics with hyperlipoproteinaemia) percutaneous liver punctures after Menghini as well as biopsies of the subcutaneous fatty tissue were carried out. From the biopsy specimens and from serum the fatty acid pattern of triglycerides was estimated. In 87 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and 37 patients with fibrosis no differences in the fatty acid composition could be found. According to the present findings there was no evidence of alterations in the supply of individual fatty acids caused by chronic hepatitis per se. However, it is to be taken into consideration that simultaneous liver steatosis can provoke marked changes in the fatty acid pattern of liver triglycerides. The best reference seems to be the size of the fat droplet in the hepatocytes. Its rise is associated with an increase of palmitic and oleic acid, whereas the percentage of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid is decreased. It must be clarified by further studies, whether this reveals a general pathophysiological phenomenon or is restricted to diabetic subjects. PMID- 7293285 TI - [Prevention of hypertension of the city borough of Schwedt/Oder--results to date of a regional intervention program]. AB - More than 1,100 women and about 1,400 men, detected as being hypertensives in population screenings for cardiovascular diseases and coronary risk factors on 30 59 year-old females and 30-64-year-old males 1975 and 1976, respectively, in Schwedt - participation rate in both screenings 78 per cent (6,514 females and 7,137 males, respectively) - underwent an intervention programme carried out by all the general practitioners, physicians for industrial medicine and internists, working in the out-patient clinics of the territory. But in 1979 only 500 of these women and approximately 800 of these men were under continuous control. These registration rates after both the screenings as well as after the first follow-up in women 1977, therefore, have to be considered as unsatisfying. That lack in registration is mainly up to the enormous fluctuation of patients - and inhabitants at all-, being a characteristic feature of the population of the newly built town of Schwedt. In order to overcome these effects of migration within the territory and to improve supervision in hypertensives, a new control system regarding the peculiarities of Schwedt was established. In contrary to the failing registration an efficient lowering of blood pressure levels was achieved in those patients cooperating well, revealing normotensive diastolic mean values and systolic mean values, ranging from normotension to the lower borderline pressures. In women who showed a more impressive effect of treatment than men, the effective lowering could be maintained over a 4-year-follow-up period up to now. PMID- 7293286 TI - [Poststenotic systolic pressure and blood flow measurements during intra-arterial and vasoactive therapy]. AB - In 34 male patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities the individual responsibility to an intraarterial adenosine triphosphate infusion was tested with the help of Doppler-sonographic poststenotic measurements of the systolic blood pressure as well as comparatively to this by determination of the arterial blood-flow in rest in the region of the calf. While the greater part of the patients with occlusive disease reacted with a significant increase of the blood supply, nearly with the same frequency a decrease of pressure or no change could be established concerning the behaviour of the peripheral pressure. For the judgment of the efficacy of an intraarterial infusion treatment in the acute experiment plethysmographic measurements of the blood-flow are, therefore, more suitable and should be preferred to Doppler sonographic pressure parameters. As to the controls of long-term therapy under conservative treatment as well as for the judgment of the success in the reconstructive surgery of vessels, however, the post-stenotic measurements of the pressure stood the test apart from further methods in clinical practice. PMID- 7293287 TI - [Chronic intermittent arterio-mesenteric duodenal compression syndrome]. PMID- 7293289 TI - [Alcohol and drug biotransformation]. AB - Alcohol is partly degraded by the same enzyme system which also metabolizes drugs. The competition with impairment of the biotransformation and prolongation of the half-life period of elimination for drugs was not yet proved human pharmacologically. Alcohol is an enzymes inductor in relative small doses: the activity of enzymes of biotransformation increases also in man. In alcohol induced enlargement of the liver and only slight (reversible) fat deposition the capacity of biotransformation is increased, the elimination accelerated. With increasing degree of severity of the liver defect by alcohol an increasing impairment of drug biotransformation and a clinically significant prolongation of the half-life periods of elimination develop. If in the multifactorial genesis of chronic liver diseases alcohol is not in foreground, so there is no enzyme induction effecting against the liver defect and restriction of the biotransformation and elimination of drugs become measurably already in liver defects of lower degree. PMID- 7293288 TI - [Alcohol and complications of alcoholism]. PMID- 7293290 TI - [The functional sensitivity of the parietal cells in various gastric diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The phenomenon of the spontaneous parietal cell sensitivity not induced by drugs is described in a number of gastric diseases. Different parietal cell sensitivity can be assumed. 1. when there is a shift in the dose response curve between the aid output and continuous intravenous application of a stimulant, 2. when there is a deviation from the linear correlation between the parietal cell mass or rather the parietal cell density, and the maximal acid output, 3. when there is a changed time course of the acid secretion in response to continuous intravenous infusion of a fixed dose of stimulant. A parietal cell hypersensitivity exists in some patients with an uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. A hyposensitivity can be detected in patients with selective vagotomy, isolated chronic atrophic gastritis of the antrum, antrectomy, and chronic atrophic gastritis of fundic mucosa. It is not yet possible to estimate the importance of the different parietal cell sensitivity for the pathophysiology of human gastric diseases. PMID- 7293291 TI - [Simultaneous electromyographic and manometric study of the function of the anorectum (author's transl)]. AB - The contractile and myoelectrical activity of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) and the rectum 2 and 4 cm orad of the IAS were measured in 20 healthy volunteers. Perfused manometry catheters and bipolar wire electrodes penetrating the musculature were used. We evaluated anorectal activity under basal conditions and after provocation of the defecation reflex by inflation (20 to 150 ccm) of a balloon in the rectum. Basal pressure in the IAS was 54.9 +/- 5.2 (SEM) mm Hg. If fluctuated spontaneously. The IAS generated sinusoidal slow potentials (LP) continuously, mean frequency was 21.14 +/- 0.43 cycles/min (cpm). LIP in the rectum 2 and 4 cm orad of the IAS occurred intermittently, their frequency was 9.72 +/- 0.45 and 8.95 +/- 0.30 cpm, respectively. In addition, the rectum generated LP of 3.10 +/- 0.94 cpm temporarily. Provocation of the defecation reflex caused the IAS to relax partially at distending volumes of 20 ccm and completely at volumes of 50 to 100 ccm. At the same time, the myoelectrical activity of the IAS became irregular. An initial interruption of the LP of 4 to 12 second duration occurred in most experiments. The defecation reflex was accompanied by a brief contraction and an increase in spike activity in the rectum. Thus, the simultaneous electromyographic and manometric examination of the anorectum yields quantitative data on the function of this area. The diagnostic values of the procedure has to be tested in comparative studies of patients without and with functional disorders of the colon and anorectum. PMID- 7293292 TI - [The frequency of gallstones in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 11 840 autopsies from 1940-1975 697 cases with cirrhosis of the liver were found. The percentages of gallstone disease in these cases was analyzed as compared to non - cirrhotic controls. 21,5% of cirrhotic patients had cholelithiasis versus 16,5% in the controls (p less than 0,001). In women 35,2% of cirrhotics versus 26,3% (p less than 0,01) and in men 16,2% versus 10,8% (p less than 0,001) were found with gallstones. Including cases with cholecystectomies the frequencies was 22,8% for cirrhosis and 19,9% for controls (men 16,9% versus 12,9%, women 37,7% versus 33,6%). These differences were not significant. The female to male ratio for the frequency of cholelithiasis was found to be 2,2 : 1 and was not altered as compared to be controls. In cirrhotic and control patients the frequency of cholelithiasis increased steadily with each decade of age, again more in women than in men. A tendency to higher frequencies for gallstones in cirrhotic patients was found from the 5th decade onwards, but this was not statistically significant. PMID- 7293293 TI - Influence of an orally administered protein mixture enriched in branched chain amino acids on the chronic hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) of patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - 8 patients with liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) stage I and II on a protein restricted diet and partly on lactulose therapy received in alternate periods of 4 to 8 weeks a) 45 g/day of a protein mixture enriched in branched chain amino acids (BCAA-protein), b) the same amount of milk protein and c) an isocaloric carbohydrate mixture. The additional amount of protein in form of BCAA-protein was well tolerated by all the patients. Patients with and without additional lactulose therapy showed a tendency to improvement in the performance of the number connection test while on BCAA-protein, but this improvement did not reach statistical significance. The patients did not tolerate milk protein given in the same amount as BCAA-protein. PMID- 7293294 TI - Chronic gastritis and alcohol. AB - In order to analyse the relationship between the incidence of chronic gastritis and chronic alcohol consumption, the histological pattern of fundic and antral mucosa was studied in 30 asymptomatic non-alcoholic volunteers, 20 heavy drinkers without liver cirrhosis, 39 alcoholics with liver cirrhosis, and 14 non-alcoholic subjects with liver cirrhosis. The data demonstrate an increased incidence of preatrophic gastritis in the fundic as well as in the antral mucosa in abstemious patients with liver cirrhosis, while no significant differences were found between the other three groups. However, the incidence of chronic gastritis, did not show significant differences between the four different groups if subjects of the same age are compared. In conclusion, alcohol does not play an important role in the development of chronic gastritis, particularly in gastritis with major mucosal damage. PMID- 7293295 TI - [The role of gastroscopy for preoperative reliability of diagnosis and operability in gastric cancer. Retrospective analysis at a county hospital (author's transl)]. AB - The evaluation of 535 patients with gastric cancer observed in two 5-years periods with low (3%) and high (84%) preoperative endoscopic frequence demonstrated: 1. Change of the diagnostic procedure, mainly on the basis of out patients examination, 2. a diminished role of preoperative X-ray examination for decisions about the further proceeding. 3. no more unnecessary probatory laparotomies without a lesion requiring surgery, 4. improved preoperative exclusion from surgery of patients supposed to be not operable, resulting in a reduction of explorative laparotomies and a relative increase of gastrectomies, and finally 5. a significant increase in early gastric cancer with a concomitant decrease of stage 2 and 3. The percentage of the largest group of gastric cancer in stage 4 remained constant, however. PMID- 7293296 TI - [Central nervous system damage in alcoholism and its dietary treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Alcohol may lead to central nervous system damage through direct toxic action (intoxication and withdrawal). In addition fundamental dietary insufficiencies in the alcoholic may lead to nutritional disease of the CNS mainly through thiamin deficiency (Wernicke Korsakow syndrome). This syndrome may be aggravated by treatment with intravenous carbohydrates. It has been speculated that the rare syndrome of central pontine myelinolysis may be caused by intravenous administration of fluids in the presence of increased secretion of ADH during withdrawal. The differential diagnosis of changes in consciousness in an alcoholic also includes chronic subdural haematoma. PMID- 7293297 TI - [Combined annual meeting of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Austrian Society for Gastroenterology, Swiss Society for Gastroenterology and the German Society for Gastroenterological Endoscopy. Abstracts]. PMID- 7293298 TI - [Pentoxifyllin in andrology (author's transl)]. AB - Sperm investigations of 38 men with Oligo-Astheno-Teratozoospermia and inconspicuous gonadotropin-level treated with pentoxifyllin 3 x 400 mg/die for a period of 8 to 20 weeks have shown an increase in sperm-density of 10 Mio/ml. The increase was significant, but it concerns only 14 of the 38 patients while motility and morphology did not change. PMID- 7293299 TI - [A case of ichthyosis hystrix gravior unilateralis - clinical and morphological data (author's transl)]. AB - A male newborn demonstrated an extensive unilateral hystrix-like hyperkeratosis. The child died 17 days post partum with the clinical sign of congestive right heart failure. The autopsy revealed various anomalies of the blood and lymph vessel system. Lightmicroscopically the affected skin demonstrated a saw-edge configuration of the orthohyperkeratotic epidermis due to a prominent papillomatosis with a narrow basis. An acanthokeratolytic (epidermolytic) hyperkeratosis was absent. Round granules (phi 0,25-1,3 micrometer) bounded by a double membrane and with tubulovesicular structures within an electron dense matrix were conspicious in karatinocytes of the stratum granulosum. The case is termed "Ichthyosis hystrix gavior unilateralis". PMID- 7293300 TI - [New pharmaceuticals in systemic mycoses (author's transl)]. AB - The chemotherapy of systemic fungal infections remains problematic due to a lack of alternative agents. There are only 3 drugs available: Amphotericin B, 5 Fluorcytosine and the new iv.-formulation of Miconazole. There are as yet limited experiences concerning one of the Imidazole-derivatives of the new generation, Ketoconazole. The main antimycotic and pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs will be discussed. PMID- 7293301 TI - [Skin manifestations in human yersiniosis (author's transl)]. AB - Yersinia infections in 8 adults are reported. 6 patients had erythema nodosum, in 2 cases associated with maculo-papular rashes. In one patient an erythema multiforme-like rash was observed, in another one a papulo-vesicular rash. All patients were females. Yersinia infection was demonstrated serologically, in 3 cases also bacteriologically. PMID- 7293302 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. A contribution to clinical course (author's transl)]. AB - A case of of Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy is presented, a recently described lymphoproliferative disorder with an increasing incidence. The onset was caused by Triamterene, and a remarkable sensitivity to sunlight exposure was observed. The course of the disease was characterized by remissions effected by admittance of symptomatic therapy and relapses without any obvious cause. PMID- 7293303 TI - [Serum triglycerides and cholesterin in patients with skin diseases during oral treatment with aromatic retinoid (author's transl)]. AB - The serum lipid levels were repeatedly controlled in 25 patients with various skin diseases treated orally with retinoid Ro 10-9359 in different doses. In 19 cases serum lipid values before onset of treatment were taken. 6 additional patients were controlled after long-term intake of the drug over 6-8 months. Pathological elevations of triglycerides were seen in 5 patients, in 4 of them 2 12 weeks after onset of oral treatment. All patients with elevated values had additional risk factors: Manifest or asymptomatic diabetes, alcoholic abuse with fatty liver, adipositas, and/or preexisting disorders of lipid metabolism. The observed changes seemed dose-dependent. The values were lowered or returned to normal after dose reduction or after discontinuation of treatment (one case). The cholesterin levels also showed some elevated values during the time of observation, however, there was no clear relation to the administration of the drug and the daily dose. The changes were also seen preferably in patients with risk factors. Controls of serum lipid levels seem, therefore, indicated before and under administration of oral retinoid. In patients with the additional risk factors mentioned above strict indication for oral retinoid therapy is needed and lower doses should be rather administered. PMID- 7293304 TI - [Dithranol-urea treatment of chronic psoriasis. A comparison of 0,1% dithranol + 17% urea with triamcinolone acetonite 0,1% and phototherapy (author's transl)]. AB - The topical treatment of active chronic psoriasis can be achieved as effectively with 0,1% dithranol + 17% urea as with triamcinolone acetonite 0,1%. Compared with salicylic acid + dithranol preparations, the latter when combined with urea show a delayed clinical response, but less side effects. UVB in combination with the dithranol/urea preparation seems to be more efficient, without an increment of adverse effects. It would appear than an addition of urea offers an acceptable and effective alternative to salicylic acid. PMID- 7293305 TI - [Acute generalized pustulosis. A clinico-histopathological study on differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of a 51 years old woman with an acute generalized pustulosis. The histopathological findings in the epidermis were those of pustular psoriasis. But vascular findings in the corium were suggestive of a drug reaction, as was the history of a drug-induced onset of the disease in the course of an infect of the upper respiratory tract. Thus exanthematic pustular psoriasis may be considered as both diseases, psoriasis and drug reaction. PMID- 7293306 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of capillaries by UV in psoriatic lesions (author's transl)]. AB - The structure of capillaries is examined with the electron microscope in patients who were treated by UVB (long wave part, selected ultraviolet therapy-SUP). Chronic degenerative changes were observed in the capillary walls and the nearest surroundings, but these changes are not specific for ultraviolet injury. Even when endothelial cells become necrotic, the capillary walls are not destroyed, and therefore a direct communication between lumen and extravasal space is not to be seen. These alterations suppress the psoriatic hyperproliferation. PMID- 7293307 TI - [Effect of intracoronary fibrinolysis on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction, intracoronary infusion of streptokinase was begun 3.2 +/- 1.4 hours after the onset of symptoms. In 71% of patients recanalization of a completely occluded artery could be achieved. In 12 successfully treated patients left ventricular hemodynamics (left ventricular diastolic compliance and regional wall motion) were compared before and 4 weeks after recanalization. 4 weeks after intracoronary fibrinolysis left ventricular end-diastolic pressure had fallen (from 20 to 15 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), diastolic compliance had improved (p less than 0.05) and infarct size was reduced (p less than 0.05) compared to the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Left ventricular hemodynamics of 16 patients without heart disease (group A) and 22 patients with chronic myocardial infarction treated medically (group B) were compared to the findings of patients with acute myocardial infarction (group C). Group B and C showed reduced diastolic compliance as compared to group A (p less than 0.001). When group B and c were compared with identical size of akinesis (as measured by the number of asynergic hemiaxes), there was no significant difference of diastolic compliance. Reduction of diastolic compliance correlated linearly with infarct size (r = 0.73, r = 0.78). The results indicate that successful early reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction leads to a reduction of infarct size. PMID- 7293309 TI - [Cardiomyopathies. Abstracts]. PMID- 7293308 TI - [Atrial septum defect and myocardial infarction due to blunt chest trauma - a case report (author's transl)]. AB - The case history, clinical course, the diagnostic procedures and pathomorphological findings in a very rare case of a traumatic rupture of the atrial septum combined with an anterior myocardial infarction in a 30-year-old male are described. The patient recovered from his injuries to a moderate state by means of intensive care but died on the 19th day after admission. PMID- 7293310 TI - [Juridical problems of the aged]. PMID- 7293311 TI - [The aged as victims (of crime)]. AB - Similar to other social groups auto- and heterostereotype of the elderly differ very much. In our society the elderly try very hard not to face the reality of becoming older, whereas younger people label them with this attribute in a very early stage. Being old is connected with mostly negative characteristics. In this youth oriented society the elderly are not only individually victimized but they are also victimized by social structures and institutions. The real amount of victimization of the elderly can not only be analysed from crime reports and statistics. In those statistics only the elderly woman is overrepresented as victim of purse snatch. In other areas the elderly are less victimized than other groups. This is partially caused by social isolation and retirement of the elderly. In the United States there are many programs helping to prevent crime against the elderly and helping them after they have been victimized. During the last few years similar programs were started in Germany. American and German prevention and victim advocate programs are described. PMID- 7293312 TI - [The forgotten minority - the aged as criminals]. AB - Criminal behavior of aged people does not seem to attract much attention by human sciences and political agencies. This trend is understandable because analysis of criminal statistics shows that crime rates are lowest among the aged (sixty years and older) compared with other groups. Furthermore, the structure of these delinquent acts is dominated by traffic offenses and theft, acts which do not cause much harm in terms of violence and property damages. Probably that is why those offenses of minor character result in a specific sentencing practice. Only a very small part of aged offenders is sentenced to prison or probation, whereas over 90% are fined. In the year 1979 the proportion of aged prisoners was slightly more than 1% of total prison's population. The review of theoretical approaches to the delinquency of the aged shows that there were not many efforts to overcome the traditional "theory of weakness or physical deficiency" in explaining the structure and distribution of the criminal behavior of the aged. But this approach is not satisfying any more. The discussion shows that a modified control theory of crime seems to be more fruitful in explaining deviant acts committed by aged people. Finally the question how to react on the aged offender by legislation and criminal policy is raised. Today's German Penal Code and Criminal Procedure Code provide altogether enough possibilities to divert the aged offender and to meet the special needs of this age group without going back to incarceration strategies. PMID- 7293313 TI - [The aged serving prison sentences]. PMID- 7293314 TI - [Consent of the aged to medical treatment]. PMID- 7293315 TI - [Legal medicine problems in the terminal care of the aged]. PMID- 7293316 TI - [The aged as automobile drivers]. AB - The following ailments of old aged are important in judging the ability to drive: restriction of visual acuity and of hearing, impairment of mobility, appearance of cardiac or circulatory disturbances or of diabetes, mental deterioration. Side effects of drugs or stimulants (alcohol) may also have a negative effect on driving. As a rule an old person should give up occupational driving and avoid two-wheeled vehicles. He may, however, be able to drive a car up to an old age, but only if he does not over-estimate himself and if he observes the medical conditions which must take account of his personal situation. PMID- 7293317 TI - [Age limits for drivers' licenses]. AB - German traffic laws do not include a limit for senior holders of driver's licenses or an obligatory medical examination. Introduce of such limits or measures is not advocated. Scruples exist against the offers of public traffic establishments to exchange the driver licence for a free ticket (valuable one year). PMID- 7293318 TI - [Experiences in traffic education for the aged]. PMID- 7293319 TI - [Dangers to the aged in traffic]. AB - Senior people are exposed to many dangers in public traffic. New traffic regulations try to improve this situation but they are not yet sufficient. Some references to a better protection of senior people are given. PMID- 7293320 TI - [Are the aged helped in the area of housing rental rights?]. PMID- 7293322 TI - [A method for chymotrypsin determination in the stool]. PMID- 7293321 TI - [Accident prevention and safety in old age homes]. AB - Legal measures for the prevention of dangers and for the security of inhabitants of homes for senior persons exist but they are numerous and confusing. A decree of January 27, 1978 brought only the base for these problems. To many other regulations is referred especially those on dangers from fire. proposals of prevention are given. PMID- 7293323 TI - [A simple titrimetric determination of serum lipase with the pH-stat technic]. PMID- 7293325 TI - [A rational method of HbA1 determination]. PMID- 7293324 TI - [A new buffer for cellulose acetate foil electrophoresis]. PMID- 7293326 TI - [Comparative fibrinogen determination by artificial in vitro fibrinogen lysis with regard to fibrinogen split products]. PMID- 7293327 TI - [Fibrinogen determination using the KZM-1 meter]. PMID- 7293328 TI - [Thrombocyte counting with the electronic particle counting instrument PS-4 (Picoscale) by Medicor. Part 2: Microprocedure using centrifugation and sedimentation]. PMID- 7293329 TI - [Preparation and use of a thrombocyte standard for quality control in thrombocyte counting]. PMID- 7293330 TI - [Computer-assisted routine laboratory system]. PMID- 7293331 TI - [Temperature-controlled kinetic enzyme determination]. PMID- 7293332 TI - [Physiology and pathophysiology of the venous low pressure system]. PMID- 7293333 TI - [Lipedema--the fat leg of the healthy woman]. PMID- 7293334 TI - [The phylogenetic development of the lymphatic system]. PMID- 7293335 TI - [Therapy of edemas of the extremities]. PMID- 7293336 TI - [The "lympha-mat" expression device for the treatment of lymphedema]. PMID- 7293337 TI - [Experimental studies on the efficacy of pressure wave massage (Lymphapress) in lymphedema]. AB - The following effects of a massage by the Lymphapress apparatus could be demonstrated by girth measurements and nuclear medical investigations on the treated extremity: 1. Volume reduction (in lymphedema in average 4,6% of the basic extremity volume after 3 h). 2. Improvement of the lymph kinetics in cases with intact or decreased lymph transport. If isotopic lymphography failed to show any lymphatic transport as in cases with severe, indurated lymphedemas no effect on the lymph kinetics could be demonstrated. 3. Decrease of albumin content in the tissues. However there is an increase of local albumin concentration in lymphedema by overproportional water reduction. Therefore compression bandages should be applied between the Lymphapress massages for maintenance of the effect. PMID- 7293338 TI - [Compression treatment in venous insufficiency and lymphedema]. AB - Ambulant therapy of varicose vein conditions is only possible with compression bandages. Doctors are often very cautious with regard to compression bandaging because they believe that it cannot be learned. The paper is intending to show that such fears are unfounded. The physical principles for the individual steps in compression bandaging are therefore described. If these principles are heeded, there are no longer any obstacles to the practical application of compression bandages. PMID- 7293339 TI - ["Dislocation osteotomy" in the treatment of large juvenile bone cysts (author's transl)]. AB - Dislocation osteotomy with subpositioning of the distal fragment - without additional implantation of bone material (!) - yields excellent results in the treatment of large juvenile bone cysts of the coxal end of the femur (Imhauser), as confirmed by the author's own experience. The advantages of this procedure compared with other methods are described. Taking into consideration the two cases successfully treated by Imhauser at the shaft of the upper arm in the same manner, it is demonstrated by describing the case of a patient with extended juvenile bone cyst in the region of the proximal humerus that here, too, dislocation osteotomy leads to complete cure within a short time, so that its increasing use appears justified. PMID- 7293340 TI - [CT scanning in patients with amputated leg (author's transl)]. AB - CT scanning after above-knee amputation and below-knee amputation helps to determine the calcium salt content of the examined bones, and to differentiate changes in the surrounding soft parts. By comparing the sides, it is quite easy to detect osteoporotic changes shortly after amputation which would otherwise remain undetected by X-ray film examination. It is equally easy to verify muscular changes, whereas characteristic changes in density allow to determine the share of vacant fat in muscular atrophy. Initial examinations proved the usefulness of CT diagnosis for early detection of dystrophic osseous and muscular changes and also show the possibilities of early therapy control of dystrophy treatment. PMID- 7293341 TI - [On the incidence of thoracal scoliosis in juveniles (author's transl)]. AB - Mass radiography in juveniles between 10 and 19 years of age in Westphalia pointed to a probable incidence of thoracal scoliosis of more than 10 degrees in about 4 per cent of the girls and 1.0--1.5 per cent among boys. In both girls and boys the convexity of the scoliosis is chiefly in the right direction, especially if the apex of the curvature is positioned in cranial direction or if the findings are very pronounced. In a few exceptional cases only the apex of curvature is above Th7. Hence, most of the patients can be adequately treated by means of one of the more recent methods of orthesis. PMID- 7293342 TI - [Defective type I collagen in a woman patient with juvenile idiopathic scoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - The molecular causes of idiopathic scoliosis have not yet been clarified to any appreciable extent and are probably heterogeneous. The occurrence of scolioses in congenital diseases of the connective tissue points to changes in connective tissue metabolism. Collagen is the most essential structural connective tissue component of bone. It was the aim of our investigations to examine the synthesis of collagen of Types I and II in order to identify a possible molecular defect. In the woman patient examined by the authors, a pathologically changed alpha chain of the collagen of Type I was found as the probable cause of this particular case of idiopathic scoliosis. PMID- 7293343 TI - [New aspects in the treatment of Scheuermann's disease with hippotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - It had already been shown by clinical and x-ray examinations that various types of riding therapy exercise a favourable influence on the shape of the vertebral column. This has now been confirmed by means of analytical movement studies. Whereas the active exercises in riding therapy strengthen the musculature, especially in the region of the trunk, hippotherapy deserves special attention, since it has a considerable influence on the removal or at least reduction of segment fixation of the various parts of the spinal column. This form of therapy, as part of physiotherapy, is absolutely indispensable since it achieves a multitude of therapeutic aims. It is pointed out that hippotherapy does not involve any risk of damaging the intervertebral disks as a result of pressure. PMID- 7293344 TI - [On the problem of ventral spondylodesis at the lumbar vertebral column (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on 17 cases of ventral intracorporal spondylodesis at the lumbar vertebral column. Poor results were seen in about 50% of the cases in a follow-up examination performed 2--5 years postoperatively; in all these cases, clinical and radiological findings agreed completely. The article points to the importance of proper indication. The inefficiences are aral spondylodesis at the lumbar vertebral column. Poor results were seen in about 50% of the cases in a follow-up examination performed 2--5 years postoperatively; in all these cases, clinical and radiological findings agreed completely. The article points to the importance of proper indication. The inefficiences are aral spondylodesis at the lumbar vertebral column. Poor results were seen in about 50% of the cases in a follow-up examination performed 2--5 years postoperatively; in all these cases, clinical and radiological findings agreed completely. The article points to the importance of proper indication. The inefficiences are ascribed to the method of surgery, since, in the author's opinion, ventral bone chip implantation will not guarantee primary stability of sufficiently long duration. PMID- 7293345 TI - [Arachnoiditis after lumbar spine surgery (author's transl)]. AB - 21 postoperative myelograms after lumbar spine surgery were analysed in respect to intradural scarring. 13 of these cases showed roentgenological features of arachnoiditis. The postoperative complaints are related to the myelographic evaluation. The conditions forming arachnoiditis are described. PMID- 7293347 TI - [Biomechanical analysis of the cup prosthesis at the femoral head (author's transl)]. AB - Physical aspects of load distribution within the femoral head beneath the "Resurfacing-Prosthesis" are analyzed. The cup prosthesis eliminates stress from areas which--according to the bone structure--are weight bearing areas and induces shearing forces within the femoral neck. Tangential forces appear in addition to increasing marginal stress. These unphysiological loadings are amplified in case of varus position of the cup. Biomechanically for the cup prosthesis the term "resurfacing" is not justified. PMID- 7293346 TI - [Stress on the articular surface of the hip joint in persons with idiopathic coxarthrosis and healthy adults (author's transl)]. AB - The stress on the articular surface of the hip joint is calculated for a group of joints with idiopathic osteoarthrosis of the hip and a healthy control group. The results indicate that compressive stress is of minor importance with respect to the etiology of idiopathic osteoarthrosis of the hip joint. PMID- 7293348 TI - [Biomechanical examination of stress distribution in the femoral neck for varus implanted and valgus-implanted cups (author's transl)]. AB - Femoral neck fractures occur after cup-prosthesis implantation and inadequate trauma. By reaming the head the tension stress in the lateral tension banding system of the femoral neck is reduced. Therefore high unphysiological bending moments occur in the medial trabecular system, which resists only high pressure forces. Our investigations showed that the unfavourable change in the stress distribution in the femoral neck is worse for the varus- than for the valgus implanted cup. This could be the cause for the femoral neck fractures after cup implantation and inadequate trauma. PMID- 7293349 TI - [Biomechanical examination of stress distribution in the femoral neck for varus implanted and valgus-implanted cups (author's transl)]. AB - The contents of this contribution pertain to the above mentioned article of Gerngross et al. The problem of fracture propagation is indeed of very local character, limited either to the discontinuity in the immediate neighbourhood of the cup lip or to the notch accidentally formed in the femoral neck by the milling cutter during surgery. Strain measurements performed far removed from the area of stress concentration do not bear sufficient evidence to support the conclusions drawn. The presentation of results is misleading because a comparison of stress or strain within the bone at chosen moments during the walking cycle is valid only if the relevant loading conditions, with respect to direction as well as magnitude, are applied. Finally, the description of the strain measurement and evaluation procedure is inadequate and questionable. PMID- 7293350 TI - [Breaking-out of osteosynthesis plate following femoral osteotomy near the hip joint (author's transl)]. AB - Despite the progress in arthroplasty (TEP, double-cup plasty, ceramic prosthesis), adjustment osteotomy at the femur for prevention and treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip is still an important procedure. It aims at reducing or removing pre-arthrotic deformity or at utilising remaining cartilaginous zones for taking part of the load. A wedge-shaped excision is usually performed in the intratrochanteric area. The fragments are then osteosynthesized under pressure by means of a blade plate (1, 2, 3, 4). If the osseous bridge between the blade and the osteotomy surface is too narrow, the blade may break out from its position. In such cases reosteosynthesis with a 90 degrees plate will not produce a stable result. The article describes three possibilities of saving the situation in such emergencies. PMID- 7293351 TI - [Experimental patello-femoral contactprint measurements. 2. Report: sagittal osteotomy of the patella according to Morscher (author's transl)]. AB - The recommended treatment method for chondropathy from Morscher 1978 using a sagittal patellaosteotomy was tested experimentally with contact area measurements with the erasing method on 11 corpse knees of the types II, II/III and III. Measurements were made in the bending region up to 90 degrees, and in isolated positions up to 140 degrees. The measurements showed a clear decrease in the contact area of the medial side of the lateral facet, and occassional displacement of contact whereby loses on the paramedial segment were compensated for by early loading on the border segment. Thus unphysiological loading of the medial facet occurred, from which chondromalasys could develop. Only three patellas had an increased contact area during inflexions up to 90 degrees, and then only because the central cartilage area, which usually undergoes the greatest loses, was already incongruent. Since during a complete knee bending the retropatella cartilage has almost 100% contact and that due to the medial cartilage ridge a considerably smaller incongruence is present as can be expected from the bone crosssection of the patella, we cannot expect any contact increase through an osteotomy. PMID- 7293352 TI - [Combined plastic bridging of a post-traumatic osseous defect of the tibia in the sense of compound osteosynthesis in elderly patients (author's transl)]. AB - The article presents a woman (now 82 years of age) in whom adjustment osteotomy had been performed in order to cope with her proximal fracture of the tibia which had healed in varus position after conservative therapy. After absorption of the bone wedge and loosening of the osteosynthesis material, the defect was filled with bone cement with embedded screws and plates. Three years later, the patient returned for treatment with completely loosened Palacos seal which had perforated distally through the skin and rather broadly. Besides pseudarthrosis, there was also a marked arthrosis of the knee joint. The patient was re-operated, bridging the defect by means of Fracto nets and a bolted Placos seal into which a Sheehan's knee was inserted. PMID- 7293353 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acquired clubfoot (author's transl)]. AB - The article introduces a patient of 14 years of age in whom clubfeet as well as paraspasticity had developed from his sixth year of life. Instead of the previously suspected heredodegenerative disease, a lipoma was found in the distal spinal canal which had prevented ascension of the spinal cord and had thus produced the described phenomenon. PMID- 7293354 TI - [Technique and results of arthrodesis of the ankle joint with autocompression plates (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes the technique of arthrodesis of the ankle joint, introduced in 1973 by Mittelmeier, with suitable preparation (freshening) of the joint, resection of syndesmoses and internal osteosynthesis with autocompression angle plates, as well as additional fastening by screwing the fibula against tibia and talus. This method imparts high biomechanical stability to the joint thanks to the internal bracing of the frame; compared with external fixation, this method offers the advantage of avoiding the risk of subsequent infection of the borehole, as well as the possibility of early impaired wearing of trousers and of being able to bathe after superficial wound healing. Treatment results achieved in 14 patients showed (despite 1 reinfection following osteomyelitis caused by a fracture due to a bullet wound) regular, rapid and stable osseous reconstruction of the joint in which arthrodesis had been performed. Hence, this technique seems to be superior to external compression arthrodesis in aseptical cases. PMID- 7293355 TI - [Results of treatment of habitual laxation of the shoulder with modified surgical technique (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes a modification of the original surgical technique employed by M. Lange in the treatment of habitual laxation of the shoulder. This consists mainly of opening the joint with bone chip implantation under visual control, and turning the spongy side towards the head of the humerus and interpositioning the capsula while tightening the same. In addition, however, the point of insertion of the subscapular tendon is shifted while drawing it tighter also. The article describes the advantages, as seen from the case histories of 57 operations, about one-half being subjected to follow-up examinations over a period of at least 3 years, on the average 9 years. In all patients, excellent to good stabilisation of the shoulder was achieved. PMID- 7293356 TI - [Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma) of the scaphoid bone of the hand (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes a giant cell tumour in the scaphoid bone of the hand in a 26-year-old man. No reports have so far been published in literature on this localisation. Total extirpation of the entire scaphoid bone and of the tumour was performed. 2 years after the operation, there was no sign of any relapse. PMID- 7293358 TI - [Unnecessary diagnosis-unnecessary therapy]. PMID- 7293357 TI - [Neurological pediatric problems]. PMID- 7293359 TI - [Hypotension- diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7293360 TI - [ECG seminar IV]. PMID- 7293361 TI - [General practice from an economic aspects (I)]. PMID- 7293362 TI - [Electrolyte trace elements]. PMID- 7293363 TI - [General practice from an economic aspect (II)]. PMID- 7293364 TI - [Urology in general practice]. PMID- 7293367 TI - [Importance of brewer's yeast in therapy]. PMID- 7293365 TI - [Sleep disorders-etiology and treatment]. PMID- 7293368 TI - [What is the therapeutic value of so-called flu-drugs?]. PMID- 7293369 TI - [Acute and chronic cholangitis]. PMID- 7293366 TI - [Finger joint arthrosis. Results of a short-term treatment with Dona 200 S]. PMID- 7293370 TI - [Stressless gastroscopy. Instrumentation for the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7293371 TI - [Gastric photography with the gastric and the attachment camera (endo and exogastric photography)]. PMID- 7293372 TI - [Reliability in gastroscopic diagnosis of stomach diseases]. PMID- 7293373 TI - [The surgical treatment of fractures of the femoral shaft]. PMID- 7293374 TI - [Surgical treatment of subtrochanteric femoral fractures]. PMID- 7293375 TI - [Indications for surgery in intervertebral disk hernias]. PMID- 7293376 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the lumbo-radicular syndrome--a tabulated review]. PMID- 7293377 TI - [Occurrence of goiter in the Tyrolean population after 17 years of prevention with iodinated salt, and epidemiology of malignant goiter]. PMID- 7293378 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical strategy in suspected malignant goiter]. PMID- 7293380 TI - [Allergic rhinitis--a crux medicorum. New pathways in therapy]. PMID- 7293379 TI - [The care of patients with malignant goiter]. PMID- 7293381 TI - Colorectal cancer: to screen or not to screen? PMID- 7293382 TI - Grand rounds: psittacosis. PMID- 7293384 TI - Recognizing and managing acute lower extremity thrombosis. PMID- 7293383 TI - Photochemotherapy for psoriasis: a two-year study. PMID- 7293386 TI - Can you diagnose this? Hypothermia. PMID- 7293385 TI - Pericardial effusion in sickle cell anemia: a rare problem. PMID- 7293387 TI - Can you diagnose this? PMID- 7293388 TI - Morbidity and Mortality Conference: infection and Felty's syndrome. PMID- 7293389 TI - Late surgical reduction of cervical subluxations. PMID- 7293390 TI - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome presenting with osteomalacia. PMID- 7293391 TI - For cluster headaches: cryosurgery. PMID- 7293392 TI - The physician "surplus": how did it happen? What do about it? PMID- 7293393 TI - [The hormonal influence in gynecologic oncology]. PMID- 7293394 TI - [The effect of histamine on smooth muscle cells of the artery of the ear in rabbits]. PMID- 7293395 TI - [Will tuberculosis be eradicated?]. PMID- 7293396 TI - [Outlook for medical science in the 11th 5-year plan]. PMID- 7293397 TI - [Medicine and society]. PMID- 7293398 TI - [Health for all--objective decree for the times]. PMID- 7293399 TI - [Methodological aspects of the diagnosis of disease]. PMID- 7293400 TI - [Genesis of basic theoretical problems in medicine]. PMID- 7293401 TI - [Natural and social determination of the human psyche]. PMID- 7293402 TI - [The concept of progress in medicine]. PMID- 7293403 TI - [Theoretical questions of chronomedicine]. PMID- 7293404 TI - [Methodological problems of scientific creativity in medicine]. PMID- 7293405 TI - [Ethical aspects of scientific creativity and its special characteristics in medicine]. PMID- 7293406 TI - [Relation between family composition and complex evaluation of the needs of late middle-aged and elderly persons for outside help]. PMID- 7293408 TI - [Bronchofibroscopy in the diagnosis of dust-induced lung diseases]. PMID- 7293407 TI - [Basis for the hygienic regulation of atmospheric pollutants]. PMID- 7293409 TI - [Correlation analysis of morphometric parameters of the cardiopulmonary system in chronic diffuse bronchopathies]. PMID- 7293410 TI - [Myocardial metabolic heterogeneity and the phenomenon of circulatory centralization in the myocardium in endotoxic shock]. PMID- 7293411 TI - [Simultaneous determination of the number and functional state of T-, B-, D- and O-lymphocytes in patients with occupational allergoses]. PMID- 7293412 TI - [Immune response to sheep erythrocytes and tetanus toxoid in rats and mice with adjuvant disease]. PMID- 7293413 TI - [Level of maternal socio-biological adaptation and risk of perinatal mortality among newborn infants in Novokuznetsk]. PMID- 7293414 TI - [Effect of glucose combined with sigetin on the transport function of the placenta]. PMID- 7293415 TI - [Value of the nitroblue tetrazolium test in evaluating the activity of chronic pyelonephritis in patients whose urinary bladder has been replaced by an intestinal transplant]. PMID- 7293416 TI - [Means of monitoring the course of postoperative inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 7293418 TI - [Absorption of cholera exoenterotoxin by guinea pig Peyer's patches epithelium]. PMID- 7293417 TI - [Use of an x-ray microanalysis technic to study the distribution of elements in the epithelium of the small intestine of rabbits exposed to cholera toxin]. PMID- 7293421 TI - [Participation of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus in selective integrations at different stages in the development of defensive behavior]. PMID- 7293420 TI - [Chemical factors in the formation and fixation of stable disease states using models of positional asymmetry]. PMID- 7293419 TI - [Acupuncture as a method of regulating human sleep at night]. PMID- 7293423 TI - [Shape of rat thrombocytes at different stages in the aggregation process]. PMID- 7293424 TI - [Hemodynamic characteristics of primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents in erect and recumbent positions]. PMID- 7293425 TI - [Hospital consultation service and elaboration of scientific recommendations for planning]. PMID- 7293426 TI - [Ophthalmologic manifestations of meningiomas of the optic nerve canal]. PMID- 7293422 TI - [Dynamics of biophysical of complex relative dielectric permeability and conductivity in UHF fields of paravertebral muscles and intervertebral disks in rats with an experimental model of lumbar osteochondrosis]. PMID- 7293427 TI - [Gnoseologic basis of diagnostic errors]. PMID- 7293428 TI - [Principles and methods of resource allocation for medical research programs]. PMID- 7293429 TI - [Organization and management of the treatment of actual leukemia]. PMID- 7293431 TI - [Activity of hepatic nonspecific oxidases and the biological effects of antitumor preparations]. PMID- 7293430 TI - [Modifying action of cobalamins on the processes of tumor growth]. PMID- 7293432 TI - [Hormonal status of patients with ovarian cancer]. PMID- 7293433 TI - [Use of immunologic tests to predict the course of stomach cancer]. PMID- 7293434 TI - [Prospects for genetic studies of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7293435 TI - [Hexokinase in biopsy material from gastric neoplasms]. PMID- 7293436 TI - [Combined chemoradiotherapy for malignant tumors: current feasibility and future prospects]. PMID- 7293437 TI - [Hartmann's operation in cancer of the rectum]. PMID- 7293438 TI - [Dynamic modification of tissue radiosensitivity in tumor radiotherapy]. PMID- 7293439 TI - [Dynamics of lipid metabolism indices in lung cancer patients during surgery and anesthesia]. PMID- 7293440 TI - [Status and prospects for international cooperation in the area of oncology]. PMID- 7293441 TI - [Arterial hypertension in areas of industrial development in the eastern regions of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 7293442 TI - [Physiopathological mechanisms of hypertension]. PMID- 7293443 TI - [Epidemiologic studies and control of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7293444 TI - [Current studies of hypertension in children]. PMID- 7293445 TI - [A 20-year clinical study of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7293446 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7293447 TI - [Effect of major risk factors on ischemic heart disease mortality in men aged 40 to 59 (results of a prospective study)]. PMID- 7293448 TI - [Significance of electrocardiographic findings in prospective studies of samples of male population]. PMID- 7293449 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of colonic neoplasms (the data from Moscow municipal oncological dispensary)]. PMID- 7293450 TI - [Localization of hexone-encoding gene in the genomes of simian adenoviruses]. PMID- 7293451 TI - [State of the cholinergic system in psoriasis]. PMID- 7293453 TI - [Influence of the parents' family on the formation of stereotypic sex behavior in syphilis patients]. PMID- 7293452 TI - [Hepatocyte state in psoriasis patients treated by hemosorption]. PMID- 7293454 TI - [Determination of the economic costs of syphilis treatment]. PMID- 7293455 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of congenital ichthyosis in children]. PMID- 7293456 TI - [So-called Kaposi-like dermatoses]. PMID- 7293457 TI - [State of intravascular blood coagulation and hemostasis during the PUVA therapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 7293458 TI - [Familial case of Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome]. PMID- 7293459 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a 56-year-old man and its complications]. PMID- 7293460 TI - [Scleroform lymphangitis of the genitalia]. PMID- 7293461 TI - [Microbial flora characteristics in septic states in dermatology patients]. PMID- 7293462 TI - [Tissue imitator of skin (collagen sponge) in the therapy of trophic ulcers]. PMID- 7293463 TI - [Bone lesion in tertiary syphilis]. PMID- 7293465 TI - [2 cases of an early syphilitic lesion of the stomach]. PMID- 7293464 TI - [Immediate and late treatment results in early forms of syphilis using the permanent combined method]. PMID- 7293466 TI - [Late treatment results using various methods in syphilis]. PMID- 7293469 TI - [Interrelation of erythema multiforme exudativum, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome)]. PMID- 7293467 TI - [Mycoplasma infection in inflammatory urogenital diseases]. PMID- 7293470 TI - [Interrelation of erythema multiforme exudativum and Lyell's and Stevens-Johnson syndromes]. PMID- 7293468 TI - [Clinical laboratory and electron microscopic study of the cell makeup of the lymph nodes of white mice infected with different Treponema pallidum strains]. PMID- 7293471 TI - [Hemorrhagic edema of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7293472 TI - [Dyslipoproteinemias in lupus erythematosus and scleroderma]. PMID- 7293473 TI - [Degos' disease]. PMID- 7293474 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 7293475 TI - [Nosological variants of pustular dermatoses]. PMID- 7293476 TI - [Lupus carcinoma]. PMID- 7293477 TI - [The combination of psoriasis and dermatoses]. PMID- 7293478 TI - [Dermatomycoses in the Yemen Arab Republic]. PMID- 7293479 TI - [Effectiveness of the bicillin-3 single-application treatment method in gonorrheal urethritis in men]. PMID- 7293480 TI - [Functional state of nonspecific brain structures in alopecia areata]. PMID- 7293481 TI - [Status of nonspecific humoral factors of immunological reactivity in acute ascending gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 7293482 TI - [Case of a gonorrheal abscess of the penis]. PMID- 7293483 TI - [Case of pulmonary artery compression by an aortic aneurysm in tertiary syphilis]. PMID- 7293484 TI - Guidelines for training community health workers in nutrition. PMID- 7293485 TI - [Formation of the hypothalamic regulatory mechanisms of hypophyseal gonadotropic function in both sexes]. PMID- 7293486 TI - Reintegration: the slow march of progress--towards a reality-oriented concept of health education. AB - The essay sets out to plead for a basic reassessment of many of the implicit or explicit "conceptual props and crutches" upholding traditional health education. Its main thrust is to reconstruct the many disparate bits and pieces of theoretical assumption which have come into being through the various historical phases of health education and, in doing so, to rebuild an image of social reality in which health educators can hope to operate more meaningfully and, possibly, more effectively. The general theory behind the call for an integrated approach to health education is that this art can only thrive when openly confronted with its traditional limitations determined both by limits of social awareness and social structure. These have to be made the subject of discussion on health education "theory" in order to affect change. Examples of an alternate approach applied in the Federal Republic of Germany are quoted to stimulate discussion. PMID- 7293488 TI - Health education specialization in Africa: roles in conflict. AB - This paper presents an assessment of the professional preparation programme offered at the African Regional Health Education Centre (ARHEC), University of Ibadan, Nigeria, where training is provided at the diploma and post-graduate levels. Role conflicts between the two groups of professionals involved have been noted, both during and after training. Diplomates hold expectations that they will be considered in the same light as post-graduate specialists, and are therefore disappointed sometimes when they go back to their professional settings. Master level specialists also experience frustrations in cases where diplomates hold seniority over them. The most successful diploma holders seem to be those who incorporate health education into their basic professional practice, for example nurses using patient education skills. An analysis of the activities and performance of the diploma students during their training also revealed that they tend to view health education in terms of their basic profession and developed projects that integrated both disciplines. This experience has led ARCHEC staff to advocate profession-specific training at the diploma level, so that graduates will have a better vision of their role in the broader picture of health education. PMID- 7293487 TI - Cardiovascular risk reduction: an interdisciplinary approach to research training. AB - The major health problems confronting most countries require interdisciplinary approaches to the provision of service, teaching, and investigation. Past research indicates difficulty in role relations between various types of health professionals and the importance of the interaction of selection, educational processes and work experiences in affecting long-term professional behaviour in collaborative directions. This paper applies these concepts to the analysis of the first five years of experience in a pre- and post-doctoral research training programme at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions concerned with educational and behavioural approaches to cardiovascular risk reduction. Concepts or processes specifically incorporated into the programme to increase the likelihood of graduates conducting their subsequent career activities from an interdisciplinary approach are described and analyzed. These include appropriate recruitment and selection; early interdisciplinary learning experiences; reinforcing socialization and professionalization processes; active faculty role model team approaches; and reinforcing research experiences. To date the programme has provided training to 14 post-doctoral and 16 predoctoral fellows. Analysis of the effect of the programme on the cardiovascular fellows in regard to their performance, interdisciplinary approach, subsequent career patterns and performance, as well as on other students not supported by the programme, and upon faculty, recommends this format for research training in health education and behavioural sciences. PMID- 7293489 TI - Developing a model for health education interventions in the hospital setting. AB - Health education interventions in hospitals represent a factor of major influence with regard to the effectiveness of treatment and the prevention of relapse. A purposeful health education system aimed at patients, their families and friends has therefore been developed in the USSR after due experimentation. As regards patients, focus is placed on raising their level of knowledge about adequate health behaviour during hospitalization and after discharge, in order to prevent relapses, acute states and complications. Topics covered include regimen, diet, physical exercise, developing resistance to cold, giving up harmful habits (smoking, for example), etc. This includes individual, semi individual, semi group and group activities at all stages of the patient's stay in hospital. The mass media supplements this approach through hospital radio and TV programmes and popular scientific literature from the hospital library. For patients' relatives and friends, a programme of individual talks has been developed. Another facet of health education involves correspondence with patients and their relatives, to whom special leaflets are distributed. Preliminary evaluation carried out by public health administrators and health education workers indicates that the system yields satisfactory results. PMID- 7293490 TI - Adolescent attitudes to smoking: their influence on behaviour. AB - This paper presents data on 6330 boys and girls aged 11-12 years. The relationship between gender, smoking behaviour and attitudes towards smoking in general, smoking and health, family permissiveness, school values and peer group influence are explored. Four attitude scales were constructed with sufficiently high internal consistency scores. Both boys and girls who smoke were more likely to endorse statements concerning the general desirability of smoking and also to under-value the long term dangers of smoking. Smokers were also likely to hold anti-school values and acknowledge peer group pressure to smoke. Boys who smoked were more likely to report lack of parental concern and increased parental permissiveness. Some of the boys' results and all of the girls' results provide original information for a British sample. Findings are discussed, where relevant, in terms of health education and anti-smoking strategies. PMID- 7293492 TI - Research publication trends in health education journals. AB - The study presented here reviews the trends in the publication of research reports from 1957-1978 in the official journals of four professional organizations of health education: International Journal of Health Education (IJHE), Health Education Monographs, Health Education and Journal of School Health. Each article was classified into one of five categories: programme evaluation research, general research, professional preparation, literature reviews, and other. The percentage of articles in each category was calculated and graphed in 4-5 year intervals to show the twenty-two year trends. The results of this study show that the IJHE has led in the publication of research articles. During the 22 year period 30.83% of the articles IJHE has published were research reports. IJHE also showed the largest increase (30.37%) from the earliest period to the most recent, especially in the category programme evaluation research (17%). For all four journals combined, 5.18% of the articles published were on professional preparation, 3.2% were literature reviews and 69.95% were programme descriptions, conceptual or theoretical articles and other non-research topics. Although there are trends towards an increase in the publication of research reports in health education journals, during the period covered less than one third of the articles in any of the journals reviewed was devoted to research. PMID- 7293493 TI - [Occupational medicine in Switzerland]. PMID- 7293494 TI - [Concept and usefulness of industrial hygiene]. PMID- 7293491 TI - The use and non-use of preventive health services in a southern African village. AB - This study investigates the relationship between the health beliefs of mothers in a Botswana village and their utilization of available maternal and child health resources, specifically immunizations, antenatal care, and clinic delivery. The two-pronged methodology includes (1) a household survey of 620 mothers of children under the age of five and (2) a series of intensive but informal, loosely structured interviews with 19 village women. Results show that a majority of the children had received one immunization but that few had ever had more. Most of their mothers had attended the antenatal clinic, but fewer than 30% had made use of the village maternity service in childbirth. As predictors of these kinds of preventive behaviour, mother's age, education, use of the radio, participation in voluntary women's organizations, and material consumption were, for the most part, unimpressive. On the other hand, qualitative data from the survey and intensive interviews revealed that women were confused between curative and preventive health measures. Few respondents linked immunization with prevention of specific diseases; half the women expressed concern that the immunizations were dangerous, while others indicated lack of knowledge about the desired number; still others believed that immunizations "made the children grow". As for maternity services, the majority of women who attended the antenatal clinic had actually done so for a somatic complaint. They were responding to their perception of the clinic as a place that cures, rather than prevents, illness. This was consistent with the finding that few used the clinic delivery service: most women saw no reason to seek professional help in the absence of perceived problems. The authors point out implications of this study for community-centred, in contrast to disease-centred, health education. PMID- 7293495 TI - [Practical industrial medicine in Switzerland]. AB - The actual state of the industrial medicine in Switzerland, which has not reached yet a satisfying level, is brought in connection with the development of the corresponding legislation as well as the traditionally rather negative attitude of the social partners towards the introduction of an efficient industrial medicine. The revised law of accident prevention might promote the completion of the necessary infrastructure. To our own behoof, we should take advantage of the experiences made in our neighbour states. The independent and competent activity of an industrial physicians is considered as the essential condition of an efficient protection of the worker to the advantage of themselves as well as the employers. The lack of postgraduate instruction and the deficient image of this specialty of medicine in our country are responsible for the difficulties in providing our industry with a considerable number of doctors of industrial medicine. The paper concludes with an information on the tasks of the Service of Occupational Medicine of the Federal Office for Industry and Labour and on examples of its work during the past years. PMID- 7293496 TI - [Medical aspects of stress measurement in the workplace]. AB - To protect workers from overstress by occupational work, there are some methods to measure their working stress by recording different parameters continually during a period of several hours or days. The following physiological parameters are taken into consideration: heart rate, ECG, EMG, movement activities, breathing rate, oxygen consumption, body temperature, resistance of the skin and EEG. Periodically repeated measurements of the lactic acid in capillary blood as well of the catecholamines in the urine are also suitable. The heart rate is till now the most important parameter for practical use to estimate the physical and psychical strain. For values which can be registered by an electrical signal, three modern pickup systems are available: telemetry, magnetic tape recording, solid state memory. The most important advantage of the solid state memory used for the long time registration of bioelectrical signals (except those of high frequency) is actually evident. As the Laboratory of Occupational Medicine of the Federal Office for Industry and Labour is setting up a system to evaluate the individual psychical and physical stress, there has been developed a small memocardiometer which is able to record the heart rate during about 35 hours. The stored datas are transmitted via an interface to the computer HP-85, to be immediately available for calculations, tabulating and plotting. PMID- 7293498 TI - [Industrial medical activities of SUVA (Swiss Accident Insurance Agency)]. AB - The group of occupational medicine of the Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva) fulfills functions of standardizing, e.g. setting TLVs, of insurance medicine, i.e. judging cases of occupational disease and, to a great extent, of medical prevention. By means of 100,000 examinations per year and 40 programs, 330,000 employees in 20,000 enterprises are attended. This is not a general provision of public health, but a specific prevention of occupational diseases. The examinations of aptitude at the time of engagement and in periodical controls, help to clarify the fitness for certain dangerous occupations and to detect potential early stages of occupational diseases. PMID- 7293497 TI - [Development of occupational medicine in industrialized countries]. AB - The quality of the occupational medical care could be improved by considering the following points: -- the participation of occupational physicians on inspections of enterprises should be increased, -- the medical supervision instances of work protection should have efficient laboratories, -- the occupational health services in the enterprises should be established; they should have a sufficient number of trained personnel and be sufficiently equipped with instruments, -- the institutes of occupational medicine at the universities should be developed, -- following the circumstances, there should also be established central institutes for occupational health. PMID- 7293499 TI - [Prevention of silicosis]. PMID- 7293500 TI - [Medical prevention in exposure to lead]. AB - The action of lead on the intermediary metabolism, especially on the synthesis of heme, the red blood cell pigment, is well documented. Therefore biological monitoring of lead exposed persons by means of the urinary metabolites of porphyrin metabolism is very valuable. Biological monitoring through the urinary metabolite - aminolevulinic acid (ALAU) has been put to extensive use for over ten years by the Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund (Suva). At present there are over 3000 workers in 100 factories which are periodically screened for this metabolite. Urinary analyses are carried out at regular intervals of 2, 4 or 6 months according to the lead exposition with additional medical examinations once or twice a year. Due to biological monitoring, technical improvements and personal hygiene there have been no further lead poisoning recently in industrial plants supervised by Suva. PMID- 7293501 TI - [Medical prevention for chemical workers]. AB - The employees of the chemical industry are normally exposed to several hazards with different targets in the human body. Within its program of medical prevention, the CNA attaches definite examinations to every substance to which a worker is exposed. The physician responsible for the plant reports periodically all pathologic findings to the group of medicine of labour of the CNA who, if necessary, requires further investigation or issues a decree of non-aptitude for certain occupations. During 1979, in Switzerland 6878 examinations of workers in the chemical industry were made, compared with 47,151 examinations of workers exposed to noise and 10,642 of workers exposed to lead. PMID- 7293502 TI - [Research in occupational medicine]. PMID- 7293503 TI - [Study of the obligatory medical aptitude test of apprentices in Basel-Stadt canton]. AB - A project in the framework of the National Research Programme on Efficiency in Health care investigates the effects of the medical aptitude examinations, which are -- unique in Switzerland -- legally prescribed in the canton of Basle-Ville since 1972. It will examine relevance and efficacy and suggests possible improvements. Sources for the collection of retrospective data and characteristics of the study population are described. All people beginning their apprenticeship 1973-1977, a total of 11,995, have been included in the study because discontinuing an apprenticeship for health reasons is thought to be rather rare and only one fourth of those who did not complete their apprenticeship were ready to give detailed information. 7% of these respondents explained their drop-out with health reason. Further analyses will help to decide if this result is likely to be true also for the nonrespondents. PMID- 7293504 TI - [Preliminary study on the integration of occupational medicine into the Swiss health system]. AB - The aim of our research project is to gather the necessary data in order to introduce a nationwide discussion on the development in Switzerland of occupational health and its place inside our health system. Two types of data will be collected: on one hand the needs, which should be expressed at different levels: employees, employers, undertakings, inspection offices, specialists. On the other hand, preventive actions will be listed. To fulfill the objective of this research project, several means will be used such as foreign and international literature, gathering of epidemiological figures, interviews. As a conclusion, suggestions will be made as regards the actions to be undertaken in order to meet the needs. PMID- 7293505 TI - [Industrial and occupational noise]. PMID- 7293506 TI - [Hearing damage caused by impulse noise]. AB - Methods for judging the danger of hearing impairment caused by continuous noise are known and have been included in standards. There are no equally accepted criteria to distinguish between dangerous and harmless impulsive noise. For this reason, a mobile measuring system has been developed, that can determine and record parameters of impulsive noise in industrial environments. The parameters were chosen with respect to the properties of the human ear, and to provide an intercomparison of currently used or proposed measuring methods. In one case, the frequency response of the outer and middle ear is simulated electrically in order to evaluate the signal that would reach the inner ear, where damage usually occurs. The data collected at the operators position of industrial machines will be correlated with the corresponding audiometric evaluation of hearing damage conducted by SUVA (Swiss National Insurance Fund), in order to find damage risk criteria for impulsive noise. PMID- 7293507 TI - [High-frequency sealing of PVC]. PMID- 7293508 TI - [Ergonomic studies in a spinning mill--case study]. AB - The effects of unfavorably assembled machinery on the workers was analyzed in a spinning-mill. Simple ergonomical methods were used such as: evaluation of the working process, of the movements, measurement of working heights, grasping space, dislocated weights, resistance to operating elements, length of lifting way. The workers were interrogated on their subjective feelings of tiredness and pains, their heart rate was measured. The physical strain and the ailments seem to be in connection with the cervicobrachial syndrome. Possibilities to introduce the proposed improvements were examined. PMID- 7293510 TI - [Sensory odor measurement]. PMID- 7293509 TI - [Importance of biological monitoring in Man Monitoring in the chemical industry]. PMID- 7293511 TI - [Passive smoking, air quality, measures to be taken]. PMID- 7293512 TI - [Study of work hours and health of nurses]. PMID- 7293513 TI - [Reasons for apprentice dropout in a large industrial enterprise]. AB - 641 people employed in a large industrial enterprise of northwestern Switzerland as apprentices for a profession in the chemical or mechanical industry have been examined. 14.5% have discontinued their apprentiship. The most frequent reasons have been difficulties with the formal training (6.2%), unsatisfactory performance (2.7%) and inaptitude/change of the profession (3.0%). After a change of the curriculum for chemical professions "difficulties with the formal training" as a reason for discontinuing the apprentiship dropped from 13 to 2%. Health reasons have been noted more rarely (0.5%) than expected. At the occasion of the medical aptitude examination, 0.5% were considered medically unqualified and have been rejected. The question if this is the cause for the low proportion of later drop-outs for health reasons remains open. PMID- 7293514 TI - [Requirements of occupational medicine from the trade union point of view]. AB - Swiss trade unions have long ago recognized occupation health problems. They have cooperated in many attempts to improve the health of the working population. Difficulties in promoting occupational health are partly due to the specific Swiss situation--relatively good health status of the Swiss working population but an occupational medicine rather weak in number and prestige--and the over emphasis of the economic aspects of work. Rapidly developing technologies make the calculation of risk and the proper allocation of causes more and more difficult. Trade unions have an important role to play as an active partner in the development of occupational health. They stand for independence of occupational physicians and the participation in planning and deciding working conditions. The Swiss trade unions thereby do not merely aim at the elimination or limitation of the risks to health but also at working conditions that permit the full development of the human personality. PMID- 7293515 TI - [Place of occupational medicine in the Swiss health service]. AB - Occupational medicine represents an important section of public health. It still has to be developed in Switzerland. Every physician needs basic knowledge of medicine of labour. In addition, specialists in occupational medicine must be trained and employed in enterprises and in authorities of industrial supervision. A concept is needed for training, knowledge developing and specializing in occupational medicine. For this purpose, institutes of occupational medicine must be established in all medical faculties. The government will decree the employment of occupational physicians in enterprises, according to the new accident insurance law. The industrial physician shall be integrated in the system of medical care as an imperative professional supplement, according to the new principles issued in 1981 of the association of Swiss physicians. PMID- 7293516 TI - [Estimation of death-time by computing the rectal body cooling under various cooling conditions (author's transl)]. AB - Cooling conditions differing from the chosen standard (naked-resting air) of storing of a dead body may be proportionally adjusted in computing of the time of death by data of the rectal body cooling by corrective factors of the body weight. These differing cooling conditions are: permanently moved air-clothing covering-wet clothing. In our experiments the corrective factors of the body weight range from 0.7 for totally wet clothing + permanently moved air to 2.4 for a covering similar to bed clothes. Temperature-time of death-relating nomogrammes, easily to handle, replace the computing without losing accuracy. The permissible variation of 95% resp. 99% in estimating the range of the time of death was found out. PMID- 7293517 TI - [Problem of classifying the commotio cerebri into severe and slight injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Our material of medical legal investigations backs up the theory that the time of amnesia as part of the commotio cerebri seems to be prolonged under the influence of alcohol, and that retrograde amnesia is more frequent in drunken patients. A purely contusional damage of the skull of overtired and/or drunken persons more often leads to concussion of the brain. The case histories never contained detailed information about the exact duration of unconsciousness. Therefore, the common classification of the commotio cerebri into severe or slight injuries does not seem to be justified. It should better be defined as a slight injury. PMID- 7293518 TI - [Experimental Neurotraumatology. Investigations of injuries to the cerebral cortex by light and electron scanning microscopes (author's transl)]. AB - To study early ultrastructural lesions including cortical contusions, investigations of injuries to the cortical arteries were made with a transmission electron microscope to supplement those made with conventional light microscopes. The various injuries were produced on five trephined dogs with the help of instruments. The survival times amounted to 2,6,9,15, and 21 days. Rapid swelling of the brain was reflected in great enlargement of the astrocyte processes. The regressive changes in the medullary sheaths as well as the intracellular destruction of erythrocytes are described in more detail. The accumulations of osmiophile particles (ferritin granules) in the form of siderous cystosomes seem to correspond to the hemosiderin plaques detectable by light microscopes. PMID- 7293519 TI - [Experimental neurotraumatology--rotation (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental simulations of motion of the brain at impact were carried out. Rotational accelerations from 2,000 up to 8,000 rad/s2 with durations of 8 to 32 ms were applied to preparations of human skull and brain. The tests were filmed with a high-speed camera with up to 3,000 frames/s. Due to inertia there were relative motion and displacement of the upper part of the brain relative to the skull-cap. Marked displacements (maximum: 2cm) were observed on atrophied brains. Test results are discussed and compared with other investigations. PMID- 7293520 TI - [HLA-typing of bloodstains. Investigations with an absorption tests. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - Report on an absorption test, in which the antigens HLA-A1,-A3, -A9, -B7, and -B8 were investigated with four different antisera each. 0.5 mg bloodstain (on cotton thread; age: between 7 and 21 days) was added to 5 microliters pretitrated antiserum. After incubation (14h at 4 degrees C) it was tested whether absorption had occurred or not: 1 microliter antiserum was placed in microtest plate and 1 microliter target lymphocyte suspension was added. The further test followed the NIH-technique. The presence of an antigen is shown by a reduction of the complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The results show that cross reactions play a more important role than in the NIH-test. In our investigations over 90% of the HLA-antigens were typed correctly. PMID- 7293521 TI - [Lethal intoxication by formalin during dialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Systems for dialysis are disinfected, among other solutions, by formalin. Residues of formalin may remain in the interior of the system. A lethal intoxication with formalin by transvasal introduction of formalin during the dialysis of patients with nephritic disease cannot be observed very often. Two cases of death at the same time in one system for dialysis make evident that every case of death during dialysis should be investigated. The central symptom in both patients was dyspnea. It is probable that formalin affects the transportation and exchange of oxygen with lethal hemolysis. PMID- 7293522 TI - Comparison of three therapeutic regimens using nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Three therapeutic regimens using nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis were compared in an open long-term cross-over trials. Voltaren 100 mg suppositories or Naprosyn 500 mg suppositories were introduced every evening at bed-time, and Naprosyn tablets were administered twice in a day, in the morning and at night. Each drug was administered for one month and every patient was treated with all three drugs in succession. The individual sequence was determined by randomization. The assessment included nine objective and subjective criteria and after the termination of the trial each patient named his preferred sequence of drugs. All three drugs proved effective. The results of our investigations showed that nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs in the form of suppositories were more effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. They exerted a more beneficial effect on morning stiffness and on pain than tablets of the same drug. The treatment was most effective as late as in the third month of the therapy, regardless of the substance which was administered as the third drug. This confirmed our experience of the advantage of alternate administration of various nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs. A series of subjective and objective criteria, as well as the preference expressed by the patients spoke in favour of Voltaren suppositories, which was obviously due to the fact that Naprosyn was ineffective in about 20 per cent of the patients. PMID- 7293523 TI - Gastroscopic findings after therapy with non-steroid antirheumatic drugs. AB - Non-steroid antirheumatic drugs inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins, which gives rise to a reduction in gastric mucosal perfusion and the limitation of cytoprotective factors. Thus, pan-endoscopic follow-up examinations performed after four weeks of treatment with various non-steroid antirheumatic agents also revealed a significantly increased incidence of erosions, ulcers and reflux oesophagitis. After therapy of at least 18 months with non-steroid antirheumatics, incomplete erosions were verified in 35% of the cases, complete erosions in 7.5%, and reflux oesophagitis in 22.5%. Signs of gastro-intestinal intolerance occurred in 70% of the patients treated with antirheumatics drugs. PMID- 7293524 TI - [Pseudotumorous gout in a 34-year-old man]. AB - We report the case history of a young man, who suffered from atypical gout. The most prominent clinical findings were several tumor-like tophi. One of these located close to the right knee joint and impeding the joint motion had to be surgically removed. PMID- 7293525 TI - [Distribution of immunoglobulin classes in joint capsules in osteoarthritis (arthrosis) and chronic polyarthritis]. AB - The distribution of the various classes of immunoglobulins (IG) in synovial membranes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in osteoarthritis (OA) is analyzed. Both plasma cells and extravascular deposits of immunoglobulins are stained using class-specific antisera and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. It can be shown that the local humoral immune response in RA-Synovialitis occurs at a higher level than that of OA; inflammatory infiltrates are denser and plasma cells are activated to a higher degree which is evident in the greater intensity of cytoplasmic staining. While there is no difference in the relation between singular classes of IG in these two groups of diseases, the fraction of plasma cells synthesizing an immunoglobulin is greatly elevated in RA-Synovialitis and there is a correlation of this to the morphological degree of RA-Synovialitis. This applies even more to extravascular deposits of IG with rheumatoid-factor activity. The determination and staining of extravascular immunoglobulins with a polyvalent anti-human-serum or with antisera specific for the gamma, alpha, and mu-antigens of heavy chains as well as the demonstration of rheumatoid-factor activity of these IG constitute a possibility to histochemically discriminate between RA-Synovialitis and OA-induced synovialitis. In OA, intensely stained areas of IG with rheumatoid-factor-activity located extravascularly are never found. PMID- 7293526 TI - [Course of enzymopenic hemolytic anemia (glutathione reductase deficiency) simulating chronic polyarthritis]. AB - Enzymopenic haemolytic anaemias are rare diseases in which there is an excess iron turnover. The iron is mainly deposited in many tissues giving rise to fibrosis and tissue damage. There is always a specific arthropathy; by involving a number of joints at the same time the clinical picture may resemble active rheumatoid arthritis, and therefore an erroneous treatment with gold, chloroquine, D-penicillamine or corticosteroids is possible. The diagnostic procedure in a patient suffering from enzymopenic haemolytic anaemia and pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7293527 TI - [Cu and Fe metabolism of baby pigs with different copper supply following injections of Cu-sulfate, ceruloplasmin and Fe-citrate]. PMID- 7293528 TI - [Evaluation of methods for assessing the energy value of compound feeds for cattle]. PMID- 7293529 TI - [Activity changes of different enzymes in dietary lead deficiency]. PMID- 7293530 TI - Factors influencing faecal nitrogen excretion in the sheep. 3. Protein fermentation in the caecum and large intestine. PMID- 7293531 TI - [Energy metabolism and heart rate in members of mine rescue brigades]. PMID- 7293532 TI - [Medical supervision in accordance with the radiation protection law]. PMID- 7293533 TI - [Modification of visual perception by vibrations]. PMID- 7293534 TI - [Occupational medicine tasks in applied ergonomy]. PMID- 7293537 TI - [VBG 109 "first aid" from the point of view of the factory medical officer]. PMID- 7293535 TI - [Current status of therapy for severe thermal and chemical skin injuries and inhalation injuries]. PMID- 7293536 TI - [Acid burns of the eye. Pathogenesis - therapy - prophylaxis]. PMID- 7293538 TI - [Problems of total-body vibration load in excavation machinery drivers]. PMID- 7293539 TI - [Stress on ships crews caused by vibrations]. PMID- 7293540 TI - [Ergonomy from the viewpoint of engineers]. PMID- 7293541 TI - [Surgical therapy of early gastric carcinoma (author's transl]. AB - From January 1970 to September 1980 101 patients with early gastric carcinoma were operated. The youngest patient was 33 years, the oldest 83 years old. The incidence was highest in the 7th decade. Two thirds of all early gastric carcinomas were localized in the prepyloric region. 4 of these tumours were found in the gastric stump after previous B II resection. 3 multifocal carcinomas were found in our series. According to Lauren's classification 70 early gastric carcinomas were of the intestinal type, 28 of the diffuse type, in three cases a correct classification could not be performed. The predominant operative procedure was the B II resection in 71 patients. Further methods were total gastrectomy 15, B I resection 4, proximal resection 4, endoscopic polypectomy 3, Maki-resection 2, local excision 2. In the postoperative period complications occurred in 9 patients; four of them died. The 5-years survival rate was 72%. In 4 patients a recurrence of the malignancy was detected, in 3 of them another early gastric carcinoma and in 1 an advanced gastric carcinoma. PMID- 7293542 TI - [Hepatico-jejunostomy by the R. Smith-technique for the repair of central biliary ducts (author's transl)]. AB - In order to repair a lesion of the proximal biliary duct, a wide anastomosis without tension and without reflux of intestinal content is required. If a biliary-intestinal anastomosis is technically not possible the R. Smith-procedure may be applied. For this purpose a segment of jejunum without serosal layer is pulled over a catheter into the biliary duct and the catheter fixed outside the abdomen. 11 good long-term results and 2 recurrences of stenoses could be observed by this method. PMID- 7293543 TI - [Early postoperative discharge (author's transl)]. AB - Early postoperative discharge is the most effective measure in establishing short stay surgery. In our clinic the data of discharge after standard operations have been defined empirically: appendectomy: 3rd to 4th day, cholecystectomy: 5th to 6th day, vagotomy: 5th to 6th day, inguinal hernia: 3rd to 4th day, struma resection: 3rd to 5th day. Early postoperative discharge presupposes no surgical complications and an undisturbed postoperative course. An early discharge cannot be recommended in patients older than 65 years, in patients living alone, in patients living in doubtful domestic conditions, and in alcoholics, No postoperative complications could be observed in any case of early discharge later on. 98.6% of all patients were satified with an early postoperative discharge. PMID- 7293544 TI - [Gastric carcinoma; pathology (author's transl)]. AB - Frequency, macro- and microanatomy, and propagation routes of gastric cancer are outlined. Early carcinoma is discussed and the relation of gastric mucosal polypi to carcinoma of the stomach. Finally the significance of biopsies and the possibility of its misinterpretation are stressed. PMID- 7293545 TI - [Carcinogenesis of gastric cancer with special reference to etiological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - The article discusses possible etiological factors for the carcinogenesis of stomach tumours. Apart from genetic factors, stomach carcinogenesis may be attributed to the exposure of the stomach to carcinogenic substances taken in with the food, such as pyrrolysis products of certain amino acids, N-nitroso compounds or disturbances of the physiological function of the stomach, for example pathological reflux after stomach operations. The frequency of stomach cancer could not be related to occupational exposure. Geographic pathology has shown that people coming from high risk areas (e.g. Japan) adapt to the risk pattern of the host country when they emigrate (e.g. to the United States, where there is only a low risk for stomach cancer). Therefore, it is assumed that several factors play a role in the etiology of stomach cancer. PMID- 7293546 TI - [Problems of intra-uterine infections (author's transl)]. AB - Mental and/or physical defects are recordable from seven or eight per cent of all children. While many causes may be responsible, some of them are associated with intra-uterine infections. Aetiological relationship between intra-uterine infection and embryonic or foetal damage has been studied in greater detail and secured so far only for some pathogens. These are quite often grouped under the acronym of TORCH (T = toxoplasmosis, O = others, including syphilis, listeriosis, and varicella, R = rubella, C = cytomegalovirus, H = herpes simplex). The following complexes are also related to the problem of intra-uterine infections: prevention of the infection in pregnant women and thus embryos (primary prevention), diagnosis of certain infections during pregnancy and resulting steps (secondary prevention) as well as early diagnosis and therapy of newborns for congenital infections. Every pregnant woman should be included in a screening scheme for detection of rubella, toxoplasmosis, and, possibly, cytomegalovirus infection, somewhat comparable to what has been general practice for syphilis for a long time. Better methods actually are available for such schemes, against the background of more or less recently devised approaches to diagnosis, such as the ELISA technique by which to identify specific IgM antibodies. PMID- 7293547 TI - [Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase in normal and pathological pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The activities of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase were determined in 511 patients with normal and pathological pregnancy. Mean values were compared and the enzyme followed up, and the conclusion was drawn that leucocyte alkaline phosphatase was no safe indicator of foetal condition. No direct relationship were found to exist between leucocyte alkaline phosphatase, total oestrogens, HSAP, HLAP, HPL, and oxytocinase. PMID- 7293548 TI - [Is prognostic information obtainable from serum PZ level with imminent abortion? (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are 359 abortion patients and 550 women with normal pregnancy from whom serum PZ (pregnancy zone protein), SP3, PAG, was determined, between 1974 and 1979. Serum PZ failed to enable any safe prognostic assessment of endangerment to early pregnancy. Evaluable diagnostic information was found to be not obtainable before the tenth week of pregnancy. Any drop of data below the critical limit of 200 mg/l must be taken to indicate with high probability that pregnancy is no longer intact. PMID- 7293549 TI - [Alcoholic embryopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Experience so far accumulated as well as clinical reports are likely to suggest the existence of a causal relationship between chronic abuse of alcohol by pregnant women and intrauterine fetal damage, usually with poor prognosis. The pathological pattern of alcoholic embryopathy is characterised primarily by inhibition of prenatal and postnatal growth, cerebral damage, cranio-facial, skeletal, and extremity dysmorphism, cardiovascular dysplasia, abnormality of genital organs and of palmar crease, and atypical dermatoglyphics. Incidence and severity of malformations were found to depend on quantitative alcohol consumption, length of exposure to alcohol, phase of the mother's alcohol disease at the time of pregnancy, timing of exposure to alcohol during pregnancy, and gentically differentiated activities of alcohol-dehydrogenase. Prophylactic action against alcoholic embryopathy can be based on persuasion of drinkers to change their drinking habits. Medical termination of pregnancy should be proposed in severe cases of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 7293550 TI - [Tocometry and rheobase measurement for cervical insufficiency--contribution to pathogenesis of premature birth (author's transl)]. AB - Longitudinal studies were conducted into 316 high-risk pregnant women, between the 25th and 37th weeks of pregnancy. Insufficiency of the uterine cervix was recordable from 42 women, accounting for 13 per cent of all probands. Tocometry and rheobase measurement were undertaken, complementary to case history evaluation, to elucidate pathogenesis in 30 cases. The mean rheobase value recorded from the above patients was lower with significance than that obtained from a control group. Values were below the lower normal limit in 76 per cent of the cases. Subjective symptoms were recorded by systematic interviews from 26 per cent of the probands. The conclusion drawn from all studies and examinations is that in the majority of all cases cervical insufficiency has been the result of latent, discontinuous labour. Hence, repeated vaginal examination of high-risk pregnant women is considered to be a method for early diagnosis of imminent premature birth. Conclusions are suggested for the practitioner. PMID- 7293551 TI - [Perinatal risk of delivery from breech presentation (author's transl)]. AB - Results obtained in the context of deliveries from breech presentation at the Gynaecological Hospital of Berlin-Buch, between 1972 and 1976, have been evaluated.--All patients who delivered by caesarean section were on full term.- Perinatal mortality of all deliveries from breech presentation accounted for 2.27 per cent--The causes of death were listed and showed that perinatal mortality in the context of deliveries from breech presentation could not be reduced by increased application of caesarean section, but it should be achieved primarily by more prevention of prematurity. PMID- 7293552 TI - [Readiness for breast-feeding--A psychosocial problem (author's transl)]. AB - Frequency and duration of breast-feeding of mothers were evaluated at the Gynaecological Hospital of Wilhelm-Pieck-Universitat Rostock, GDR, in 1975 and 1977. Readiness for breast-feeding was found to go on declining, over the period under review.--The incidence of breast-feeding differed significantly by occupational backgrounds. Frequency and duration of breast-feeding undertaken by women with university and technical school education as well as by teachers, nurses, and medical laboratory assistants or female medical orderlies were higher with significance than records obtained from shop-floor and agricultural workers, clerical staff, and housewives.--Prolongation of maternity leave alone obviously did not stimulate breast-feeding, but more attention should be given to psychological moments, individual briefing on aspects relating to breast-feeding offered to mothers by medical personnel, early attempts of breast-feeding with mothers still in the delivery room and fathers present, and intensive guidance on breast-feeding at maternity wards. PMID- 7293553 TI - [Behaviour of ujoviridin exposure test (ICG) in conjunction with application of hormonal contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of Ovosiston, Non-Ovlon, Anacyclin, Eugynon, and Deposiston, all oral hormonal contraceptives, on 75 women in fertile age and on the half-life of Ujoviridin (ICG - indocyanine green) were studied prior to treatment as well as late in the second, sixth, and twelfth cycles of treatment. ICG half-life was found to be extended in the adaptation phase only in response to Deposiston. ICG is recommended for time-related diagnosis of liver changes in women on hormonal contraceptives. PMID- 7293554 TI - [Extragenital changes caused by intake of hormonal contraceptives--marginal periodontium (author's transl)]. AB - Degree of inflammation, temperature, and partial oxygen pressure in the marginal periodontium of front teeth were tested in 22 women, prior to the intake of hormonal contraceptives as well as after periods of two, four, and six months. Hormonal contraceptives were found to result in higher blood flow through the mucous membrane and in slight increase of inflammation. Change of most parameters, in the wake of hormonal contraceptives, was offset in the adaptation phase. Gingival change due to contraceptives was found to be of minor importance, when compared to other risks, such as gravidity. PMID- 7293555 TI - [Importance of dexamethasone-mestranol-HCG tests to diagnosis of acquired adrenogenital syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293556 TI - [Comparison between cryoprotective potentials of glycerol, dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide, and ethylene glycol in cryopreservation of human semen (author's transl)]. AB - The cryoprotective effects of dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide, and ethylene glycol in definite concentrations of 3.5, 7.0, and 12.0 per cent were compared with glycol action in cryoprotective preservation of human semen. Motility behaviour in response to laboratory stress (due to incubation at + 40 degrees C) as well as respiratory activation quotients for succinate, digitonin, and 2.4 dinitrophenol were used as criteria of assessment. The cryoprotective effect of glycerol was in no single instance surpassed by any of the other compounds, with the concentrations tested. PMID- 7293557 TI - [Effect of various benzimidazole carbamates on somatic larvae of Ancylostoma caninum Ercolani 1859 (Ancylostomidae) and Toxacara canis Werner 1782 (Anisakidae). 2. Studies of pregnant bitches]. PMID- 7293558 TI - [Comparative studies of buffalo green monkey (BGM) cells and mice for the isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from avian droppings and organ samples]. PMID- 7293559 TI - [Prenatal and galactogenic infections with Toxocara canis Werner 1782 (Anisakidae) in mice]. PMID- 7293560 TI - Experimental transmission of Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale to calves with the larvae of Boophilus decoloratus. PMID- 7293561 TI - Chlamydial group antigen: its preparation and use in complement fixation test for measuring chlamydial group antibodies in animals. PMID- 7293562 TI - [Functional properties of chemoreceptor systems]. AB - It is proposed that the majority of organisms with developed sensory chemoreception possesses two distinct systems of chemical sensitivity performing different tasks. The first system (taste) serves for perception of alimentary substances -- metabolites, or dangerous compounds. The second one (olfaction) perceives metabolically neutral substances which serve as pure signals. All other features of these two systems of chemoreception are considered as secondary, resulting from the main task of each system. In particular, the signal function of olfaction demands sufficiently high sensitivity and a large number of individually recognizable stimuli. The physical state of olfactory stimulants (vapours or solutions) is non-essential. Arguments are presented showing the existence of contact chemoreception with pure signal function both invertebrates and in invertebrates which serves as "contact olfaction". Several problems of chemical communication in animals are discussed, in particular, the role of chemoreception systems in the perception of pheromones and also different kinds of sensory analysis involved in the recognition of chemical stimuli. PMID- 7293563 TI - [Cochlear responses to dynamic click pattern in the guinea pig]. AB - Fast cochlear adaptation expressed as the percent of inhibition of the summed action potential, has been studied from the guinea pig cochlear responses to click trains, ramps, and steps in both directions. The transition time function of adaptation to constant click trains does not depend on the click strength, but rather on the click interval. At the background of steady state adaptation, click steps produce only transient changes of the adaptive state, opposite to step direction. Compared with constant train stimulation, adaptation is enhanced by descending click ramps, and diminished or reversed (near threshold) by ascending ramps. PMID- 7293564 TI - [The utricular otolith membrane in the guinea pig]. AB - Several types of otoconia are present in the otolithic membrane of the utricle of fetal, young and adult guinea pigs. These include smooth, transitional and rough otoconia, and a few rhombohedrons. The smooth otoconia are nearly the same numeric fraction in all the specimens. The mean size of otoconia increases only during the course of gestation. Our measurements indicate that the diameter (d) and the length (l) of otoconia are related linearly as: d = 0.4l + 0.4. The smooth otoconia seem to be independent morphological form which is not derived from more "primitive", rough or transitional ones. The otoconia consist mainly of CaCO3 and contain Na, Mg and trace amount of K. The chemical composition of otoconia is similar in fetal, young and adult guinea pigs. PMID- 7293565 TI - [Role of cellular organoids in photoreceptor optics (studies on microwave models)]. AB - Action of the refracting structures of the photoreceptor inner segment on the receptor directional sensitivity was studied with the microwave models. Models of photoreceptor cells enlarged by 15 000 times were made of polystyrene foam and irradiated by microwaves (5.7-8.3 mm). Focusing structures (cone ellipsoid and oil drop) increase the power propagating along the photoreceptor outer segment when illuminated axially. However, they sharply increase the directionality of the cell, so that there is no overall gain in sensitivity in the case of a large pupil. It is supposed that the main role of the focusing structures is to narrow the directional sensitivity curve of the photoreceptor, to decrease the effects of the scattered light and to increase the depth of the focus. PMID- 7293566 TI - [Peculiarities of transmission of the receptor signal in photoreceptors]. AB - These ability of photoreceptors to respond to single photons by single electrical events was shown to underlie an astonishing combination of electrotonic transmission of the receptor signal with the impulse principle of its coding. During functional evolution of photoreceptors, the discrete nature of the light itself made it unnecessary for photoreceptors to evolve the spike generating mechanism inherent in other primary sensitive receptors. PMID- 7293569 TI - [Basic future research trends in the general epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases]. PMID- 7293568 TI - [Methodological problems of epidemiology in the textbook literature]. PMID- 7293567 TI - [Glomerular filtration rate in distinct nephron populations of rodents with different ecological specializations]. AB - 14C-ferrocyanide studies of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) distribution among different nephron population has shown that in Arvicola terrestris after dehydration the GFR is increased in juxtamedullar nephron in comparison with superficial ones, while in homozygote rats of Brattleboro line no similar changes of GFR distribution between distinct nephron population took place. In Rhombomis opimus the GFR after dehydration was usually greater in juxtamedullary nephrons. These results indicate the necessity of vasopressin for GFR regulation in distinct nephron populations. PMID- 7293571 TI - [Salmonella typhi L-transformation process in in vivo experiments using diffusion chambers]. AB - The process of L-transformation of S. typhi was studied under conditions of diffusion chambers implanted into the abdominal cavity of rabbits with different immunological status. The process of L-transformation of S. typhi in vivo was induced by the action of humoral immunity factors. No unbalanced growth forms and L-forms of S. typhi were found to appear in the organism of nonimmune animals. PMID- 7293570 TI - [Allomonads, a new group of microorganisms of the family of Vibrionaceae. IV. Nutrient media for the isolation, quantitative count and simplified identification of allomonads]. PMID- 7293572 TI - [Enterobacterial taxonomy: Erwinia carotovora and Yersinia enterocolitica]. AB - The immunotyping of the intracellular protein complex in enterobacteria has allowed to reveal that the intracellular proteins of E. carotovora and Y. enterocolitica possess an antigenic profile characteristics of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. E. carotovora are similar to the main group of enterobacteria (Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Arizona) in the degree of the antigenic homology of their intracellular protein complex. Y. enterocolitica considerably differ from other enterobacteria, forming an independent immunotype of the family Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 7293573 TI - [Citrobacter freundii interaction with epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro]. AB - Electron-microscopic study has revealed the capacity of enteropathogenic C. freundii strain to adhere to the glycocalyx of epithelial HeLa cells, to proliferate on their surface and to induce the toxic damage of their organelles. C. freundii, possessing a fibrillar microcapsule, have been shown to be capable of resisting the action of the lysosome enzymes of guinea-pig macrophages and disorganizing macrophage cultures. The latter fact should be taken into consideration in working with C. freundii strains isolated in the process of diagnostic examination. PMID- 7293574 TI - [Immunological indices of human vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis using inactivated preparations with a varying concentration of the viral antigen]. AB - The results obtained in the determination of the immunological activity of 3 types of formalin-killed tissue-culture tick-borne encephalitis vaccine, commercial non-concentrated and concentrated by 2 different methods, in humans are presented. Judging by the data of 3 serological tests and the blast transformation test, the concentration of killed tick-borne encephalitis virus enhanced immune response to vaccination. The intensity of this response correlated with the mouse protection capacity of the vaccine batches under test. An increase in the content of viral particles in the preparation is considered to be a promising approach to enhancing the effectiveness of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. PMID- 7293575 TI - [Experimental basis and clinical immunological study of the prevention of staphylococcal infection with anatoxin and sodium nucleinate]. PMID- 7293576 TI - [8-year survival of a vibrio with altered morphology on a medium with added petroleum growth substance]. PMID- 7293577 TI - [Increase in the peroxidation of neuron membrane lipids, one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of epileptic activity]. AB - It was found that the development of the epileptic activity focus induced in rats by application of penicillin to the sensomotor cortex surface was accompanied by an activation of lipid peroxidation in the focus area. An analogous effect was also observed in the development of general convulsive seizures induced in rats by injection of bemegride. Preliminary administration of antioxidants (alpha tocopherol and ionol) to the animals prevented the effect of lipid peroxidation activation and sharply lowered the penicillin-induced epileptic activity. This manifested itself in a diminution of the number and frequency of the seizures and a prolongation of the latent period of their development. The protective action of alpha-tocopherol also manifested itself in a considerable reduction of the animals' mortality on administration of lethal doses of bemegride. It is supposed that lipid peroxidation in the neuronal membranes takes part in the mechanisms of epileptic activity development. PMID- 7293578 TI - [Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs]. AB - The effect of anticonvulsants and tranquilizers on the initiation and spreading of convulsive discharges in rats, as well as on the spontaneous pacemaker activity and the effects of orthodromal stimulation in mollusc neurons are studied. It was found that the anticonvulsants acted mainly on the initiation of the epileptic discharge due to their influence on the mechanisms of endoneuronal rhythms. Diphenin inhibited simultaneously the initiation and the spreading of the convulsive discharge, the spontaneous activity of the neurons, and the responses to orthodromal stimulation. The tranquilizers and suxilep were found to influence only the spreading of the epileptic activity; the tranquilizers did not block the neuronal pacemaker activity and corasol-induced discharges. The authors recommend using the data obtained for choosing antiepileptic combinations in clinical conditions. PMID- 7293579 TI - [Effectiveness and current principles of pharmacologic diagnosis of epileptic focus using short- and ultrashort-acting analeptics and barbiturates]. AB - An analysis of the results of examining 50 operated epileptic patients has shown that the use of short- and ultrashort-acting analeptics and barbiturates makes it possible to specify not only the location of the epileptic focus, but also to disclose the character of the interrelations between the elements of the epileptic system. Especially valuable data can be obtained with the use of brietal. The use of analeptics is the most promising in the course of operation, and, therefore, it should be limited to the preoperational period. It is suggested that the method of implanting permanent intracerebral electrodes acquires now not only diagnostic, but primarily therapeutic importance. PMID- 7293580 TI - [Syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the pathogenesis of vasculo-hypoxic encephalopathy in status epilepticus]. AB - On the basis of examining the blood coagulation system and the pathomorphological changes in 20 patients with the epileptic status it is concluded that these patients have the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC-syndrome). It is supposed that the DIC-syndrome is the only possible pathology of the blood coagulation system in patients with the epileptic status not depending on the latter's cause. By blocking the microcirculation the DIC-syndrome is one of the main causes of the vasohypoxic encephalopathy which develops in epileptic status. PMID- 7293581 TI - [Pseudo-sensations in seizures as a symptom of subcortical epilepsy]. AB - A group of epileptic patients in whom the seizures were accompanied with false sensations was examined. An analysis of the results of the clinico-physiological examinations has shown that such sensations arise on electric stimulation of the thalamic nuclei. This gives one grounds to believe that it is the thalamus which is a structure responsible for the generation of such kind of seizures. This supposition is confirmed to a certain extent by the negative results of surgical intervention on the sensomotor cortex zone in 9 patients. This zone of the cortex is, probably, involved later: as a result of this a complicated cortico subcortical epileptic system is formed. The leading role in this system belongs most probably to the thalamus. PMID- 7293582 TI - [Bone marrow hematopoiesis in epileptics]. AB - In 72 epileptic patients the bone marrow was examined in various periods of epileptic paroxysms. It was found that the morphological composition of the medullary hemopoiesis was characterized by a myeloid reaction and a lowered mitotic activity of the bone marrow elements. All the shifts in the functional state of the medullary hemopoiesis correlated with the paroxysm periods and were reflected adequately in the peripheral blood picture. The states described differed sharply from the anomalous medullary hemopoiesis observed in epileptic patients having hematological complications, e.g. pernicious anemia caused by phenobarbital, hexamidine and diphenin. PMID- 7293583 TI - [Psychogenic forms of epilepsy]. AB - An idea is suggested that there exist psychogenic forms of epilepsy in which the leading role belongs to factors causing psychic traumas, which influence not only the paroxysm structure, but also the various neurotic disturbances observed in the interparoxysmal period. It is the conditioned-reflex mechanism that is believed to be the main link in the development of the paroxysms. To confirm the idea suggested clinical observations are presented. PMID- 7293584 TI - [General sensitivity disorders in temporal lobe lesions (clinical picture, pathogenesis, epilepsy syndrome significance)]. AB - A detailed study of various kinds of general sensitivity was carried out in 70 epileptic patients with the temporal localization of the foci. In most patients examined, sensor disturbances were noted, among which latent and indistinct variants prevailed. The following disturbances of the sensitivity were specified: a) homolateral; b) contralateral; c) combined (alternating); d) of temporal genesis proper (hypo- and hyperalgesias, viscerosensor phenomena, disturbances of adaptation to pain: disturbances of the discriminative forms of sensitivity of the types of deterioration of memory, attention, collation, differentiation, "epicritic hyperesthesia", etc.); e) secondary lemniscus-involving, associated with disturbances of the afferent system functions at the trunco-diencephalic and cortical levels; f) secondary extra-lemniscus (trunco-reticular); g) sensitivity disturbances correlating with the attacks of temporal epilepsy. PMID- 7293585 TI - [Electrocortico- and electrosubcorticographic correlates of temporal epilepsy seizures]. AB - Results of studying the electrographic cortical and subcortical correlates of temporal epilepsy seizures in 23 patients with complicated forms of the disease are presented. To these patients permanent intracerebral electrodes were implanted stereotaxically into the cortical, limbic and thalamic structures of both hemispheres: this was done for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A comparison of the clinical and electrographic manifestations of the seizures showed that the aura correlated with the desynchronization reaction in the deep and cortical structures; seizures of automatism, temporal pseudo-absences, vegetovisceral and polymorphic focal attacks took their course with synchronized epileptic activity in the cortical and limbic structures. Tonico-clonic convulsive seizures may take place with epileptic activity registered in individual structures. A systematized cerebral organization of the temporal epilepsy seizures which are realized by a complex of cortical, limbic and truncal structures is suggested. PMID- 7293586 TI - [Electrical resistance of nerve tissue as a diagnostic criterion of pre convulsive states]. AB - For diagnosing pre-convulsive states use is made, as a rule, of electroencephalography. This method, however, not always gives satisfactory results. The authors present the results of experimental studies of the nervous tissue impedance in the period preceding the convulsive seizure induced in laboratory animals by electric stimulation of the limbic structures of the brain. The experiments showed that a few seconds before the generalization of the convulsive process one could note certain changes in the electric conductivity of the nervous tissue. These changes make it possible to take measures for preventing the seizure. PMID- 7293587 TI - [Complex psychotherapy of epileptic children in a psychiatric hospital]. AB - Combined psychotherapy was given on various indications to 50 children suffering from epilepsy. This therapy included not only individual, but also group and family forms. The indications were: additional neurotic disturbances, behavioural anomalies, and psychological difficulties. The efficacy of the combined psychotherapy was found to depend on its intensity. The effect was somewhat better in patients with hysterical manifestations. PMID- 7293588 TI - [Changes in the cerebral cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy]. AB - Biopsy specimens of the temporal cortex were taken from three patients suffering from temporal epilepsy of different origin. As a result of examining the specimens under optic and electron microscopes and subsequent morphometric processing of the data a picture of layer-by-layer changes in the cortex (field 21/38) was obtained. These changes consisted in appearance of the so-called dark cells, degenerating synaptic buds and myelin fibres, and increase of the percentage of astrocytes and proliferation of their processes. The data obtained suggest that in this disease there occurs a gradual destruction of neurocytes which leads to disturbances of the interneuronal relations. PMID- 7293589 TI - [Changes in the nervous system in the Rossolimo-Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome and its clinical independence]. PMID- 7293590 TI - [Microcirculation in alcoholics]. AB - Conjunctival biomicroscopy was used to examine microcirculation in 221 males suffering from alcoholism. The control group consisted of 73 practically healthy males. Marked perivascular, vascular, and intravascular changes were revealed in the terminal blood flow system in all the alcoholics; these changes were found to progress, as the disease became graver. After 1.5- to 2-month antialcoholic treatment a distinct improvement of only perivascular disturbances was noted. Quantitative assessment of the microcirculation using the conjunctival indices can be taken for an additional criterion of diagnosis and specification of the alcoholism stage. PMID- 7293591 TI - [Follow-up study of episodic schizophrenia with a depressive-paranoid syndrome in the manifest period]. AB - Long-term (from 10 to 25 years) clinical follow up of 60 patients suffering from schizophrenia was carried out. On the basis of observing groups of patients with various gravity of the disease course it was found that of importance for the prognosis were (apart from the structure of the paroxysms in the manifest period) premorbid peculiarities of the patient's personality and some pre-manifest disturbances, such as early personality changes, transitory hallucinatory and delusional disturbances, etc. PMID- 7293592 TI - [Psychic phenomena resembling psychopathologic symptoms in normal subjects]. AB - The authors describe psychic phenomena observed in healthy humans that may resemble psychopathological ones. Some styles of thinking may look like an inclination to empty philosophizing; some states observed in persons with creative mode of thinking may resemble autism; normal ambivalence is similar to ambivalence as a pathological symptom. The authors stress the necessity of comparative studies of psychopathological and normal psychological phenomena. PMID- 7293594 TI - [HLA antigens and schizophrenia]. AB - The distribution of HLA-system antigens was examined in 87 schizophrenic patients with various forms of the disease course, and in 130 healthy donors. An increase of the number of persons with HLA-A10 antigen among patients with continuous schizophrenia, and of persons with HLA-B12 antigen among patients with paroxysmal form of the disease was revealed. At the same time no differences in the distribution of HLA antigens were noted on comparing healthy donors with the total group of the patients. PMID- 7293593 TI - [Hypersomnic syndrome in circulatory disorders of the oral portions of the brain stem (clinico-morphologic observations)]. AB - Hypersomnia is described in 11 patients who have had a cerebral circulation episode with prevalent localization of the lesion in the oral divisions of the brain trunk. Three morphological observations are presented: these were cases of bilateral affection of certain meso- and diencephalic structures, e.g. medial divisions of the thalami and the diencephalon cover with involvement of the grey matter of the Sylvian aqueduct into the process. The observations presented confirm the opinion that the nonspecific structures of the meso- and diencephalic region are a part of the complex cortico-subcortical system participating in maintaining the state of wakefulness. PMID- 7293595 TI - [Role of schizophrenic patients' serum in the altered osmotic resistance of their lymphocytes]. AB - The resistance of peripheral blood lymphocytes was estimated in normal subjects and schizophrenic patients with reference to hypoosmotic effects. It was shown that in normal subjects about 20% of the lymphocytes were slightly resistant. In 60% of the schizophrenic patients the fraction of the slightly resistant lymphocytes was found to be sharply lowered. The content of those cells in the blood of patients with different forms of the disease course was different: patients with the periodic form showed the minimal, and patients with continuously progressing form the maximal deviation from normal. Patients with the schubweise form occupied an intermediate place. Incubation of the lymphocytes of the healthy donors in the serum of schizophrenic patients led to selective destruction of the donor' slightly resistant cells. A statistically significant correlation between the destructive capacity of the patients' serum and the lowering of the content of the slightly resistant lymphocytes in those patients was observed. PMID- 7293596 TI - [Condition of interocortical connections in cranio-cerebral injuries with inferior parietal lobe lesions]. AB - The intercortical pathways and the clinical picture of the condition developing after an injury of the parietal lobe of the human brain were studied pathomorphologically (10 cases) and clinically (103 observations). It was shown that in cases of injury of the lower parietal region there developed a degeneration of the nervous fibres in various areas of the cortex of both the ipsi- and the contralateral hemisphere. Certain regularities of the distribution of the degenerated nervous fibres among the cortex areas were revealed, and their topics in various parts of a groove shown. The changes in the nervous conductors that maintain the intercortical connections reflect a structural reconstitution of the nervous elements and point to development of the pathological process that leads to functional disturbances and appearance of cortical symptoms which arise in craniocerebral injury and are characteristic for not only the lower parietal, but also for other divisions of the brain. PMID- 7293598 TI - [Metastatic melanoma of the brain]. AB - Clinical and clinico-pathoanatomical comparisons (60 observations) have shown that in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma and its metastases treated by modern methods the tumour metastasis to the brain occurs in late periods of the disease at the stage of the neoplastic process generalization. Histological examinations of the melanoma metastases of various localization revealed a much lesser differentiation of the tumour cells and a greater vascularization of the tumour. The pronounced vascularization is characteristic for metastases of any localization, both visceral and cerebral, at the stage of the process generalization. PMID- 7293597 TI - [Importance of analysis of nonspecific activating influences on the cerebral cortex of patients with sequelae of closed cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - Clinico-electrophysiological examinations of 10 healthy subjects and 44 patients with sequelae of closed craniocerebral injuries were carried out. The injury sequelae were characterized by subclinical organic symptoms and prevalence of disturbances of CNS general function Changes of electroencephalograms within a frequency range of 8 to 13 Hz (the alpha-range) occurring in the response to a light flash within an interval of 0 to 1 sec were analyzed. Statistically significant correlations between the response character in the alpha-range and the prevailing localization of the injury (the cortex or the trunk structure) were revealed. The informative value of the methods used for analyzing the changes in nonspecific activating effects on the cerebral cortex, as compared to those characteristics of healthy individual is shown. This may be of importance for diagnostic purposes and estimation of patients' working capacity. PMID- 7293599 TI - [Effect of antidepressants of different groups on the cholinergic structures of the brain]. AB - In electroencephalographic experiments on cats and rabbits it was shown that antidepressants of different chemical classes exhibited different central anticholinergic activity. The antidepressants tested (there were 17 of them) acted differently on the EEG activation by galanthamine (an anticholinesterase drug). Pronouncingly antagonistic to the activating effect of galanthamine were doxepin, phthoracizin, aminotryptilin, imipramine. Next followed (in the regressing sequence) desipramine, lidiomil, mianserin, trazodon, viloxazin, noveril, nomifensin, adepren, caroxazon, nialamide, asaphin, pyrazidol and inkasan did not influence the synchronizing action of galanthamine. The substantial differences in the anticholinergic activity of the antidepressant show that the action upon the central cholinergic system is not an obligate component of the antidepressant effect. PMID- 7293600 TI - [Distribution of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the cerebral cortex in healthy subjects and after a single dose of aminazine (histochemical and electron cytochemical study)]. AB - The activity and ultrastructural localization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the sensomotor cortex of the brain was examined in health and after intake of a single 15-mg/kg dose of aminazin. On ultrastructural examination the enzyme was detected in some mitochondria of the neuron body, its axons synapses. Mitochondria containing the product of the enzymatic reaction were discovered also in the cells of the oligodendroglia, endothelium, and pericytes. After the aminazin intake the LDH activity (as shown by photometric findings) increased both in visible neurons and neuropil, with simultaneous decrease of the number of neurons containing the reaction product. This correlated with electron microscopic and cytochemical findings. On these examinations hypochromic neurons containing a great number of active mitochondria and lipofuscin granules with positive and negative reactions were revealed. On the other hand, hyperchromic neurons containing no reaction product were also seen. PMID- 7293601 TI - [Special action of leponex on mitochondria in cultures of human nerve tissue]. AB - The action of leponex (clozapine) on cultures of human embryonal nervous tissue was studied by the methods of optic and electron microscopy. The blood serum of schizophereniacs who received leponex in a daily dose of 200 to 500 mg was added to the culture medium. It was found that leponex (or its metabolites) increased the number of cells containing giant "monolithic" forms of mitochondria. This differentiates leponex substantially from phenothiazine, diazepine and lithium drugs, and its effects from those produced by the serum of patients suffering from other diseases (control). The ultrastructure of the monolithic mitochondria was fully preserved, and did not differ from that of the discrete forms of those organelles typical for the nervous tissue. It is supposed that the described proliferative reactions of the mitochondria may reflect a rise of the bioenergy potential of the nervous tissue under the action of leponex. PMID- 7293603 TI - [Systems relations in neuropathology and psychiatry (theoretical questions)]. PMID- 7293602 TI - [Feasibility of ultrasonic procedures in the diagnosis of brain death (clinico experimental study)]. AB - For estimating the vital capacity of the brain in critical situations use was made of a set of non-invasive, rapid, and economic diagnostic methods including echoencephalography, echo-pulsography of the ventricular system and the major arteries of the brain, the time motion method and dopplerography. Clinical and experimental studies were carried out on 15 animals and 70 patients who were in the state of cerebral or extracerebral coma of the IInd--IVth degree. Some parameters have been obtained which can be used as prognostic criteria for deciding on the desirability of continuing the resuscitation measures. PMID- 7293604 TI - [Indices of the structural organization of various cortical formations in the left and right human cerebral hemispheres]. AB - Some characteristics of the structure of locomotor fields 44 and 45, and of the cortical fields 4 and 6 of the motor analyzer in the left and the right hemispheres of the human brain were studied. The study revealed statistically significant differences between some of the characteristics. The index of the vertical arrangement of the pyramidal neurons in layer III of fields 44 and 45, as well as field 6 were greater in the left hemisphere than in the right one. The size of the profile field of Betz's cells in field 4, and of the large pyramidal neurons in layer III of field 6 were greater also in the left hemisphere in two brains out of 4, and showed no differences in the other 2. The size of the profile fields of the pyramidal neurons in layer III of fields 44 and 45 was much greater in the left hemisphere in all the cases. PMID- 7293605 TI - [Tortuosity of the internal carotid artery]. AB - The character and frequency of internal carotid artery deformities on the neck were examined on 1009 arteriograms taken from patients suffering from various cerebral pathologies. Prevalence of convolution and looping of the artery was noted in patients with hypertensive hemorrhages (37%), hemorrhages due to intracranial sacculated aneurysms (35%), and, to a lesser extent, in patients with spontaneous subarachnoidal hemorrhages (19%), intracranial tumours (25%) and traumatic subdural hematomas (22%). This was, probably, due to age-related peculiarities of the vessel structure. It is supposed that the above deformities of the internal carotid artery are an extreme type of the structure that may be either congenital, or acquired. Since such deformities are rather frequent (25 to 30%) they should be regarded not as manifestations of a pathology, but rather as peculiarities of the vessel structure associated with age. PMID- 7293606 TI - [Characterization of the status of nonspecific brain systems in cerebral autonomic-vascular crises and neurogenic syncope]. AB - Thirty-eight patients with cerebral vegetovascular crises of neurotic nature and 43 patients with neurogenic syncopes were examined. Use was made of clinical neurological analysis, electropolygraphic examinations in the state of awakeness and sleep, as well as of psychological tests (the method of versatile examination of personality). It was shown that in the patients with the vegetovascular crises the functioning of the activating nonspecific brain systems was intensified: this manifested itself in a lowering of the alpha-index on the EEG taken during awakeness, a delay of the orientation reaction, a shortening of the sleep duration, a diminution of the representation of the deep stages of the slow sleep, an acceleration of the heartbeat rate in all the functional states of the brain. This was accompanied by anxious-depressive and hypochondriacal emotional disturbances. In the patients with neurogenic syncopes, a certain intensification of the activation processes in the state of awakeness associated with moderate emotional changes was accompanied with a tendency to hyperactivation of the synchronizing systems during sleep. In these patients some epileptimorph changes were revealed on the EEGs of awakeness and sleep, while in the patients with vegetovascular crises no changes of such kind were observed. PMID- 7293607 TI - [Effect of post-ischemic restoration of blood flow on neuron-glia-capillary interrelations]. AB - The results of the study have shown that the changes occurring in ischemia are reversible. These changes are: perivascular edema of the astrocytes, dilation of the pericaryon and the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum, various forms of chromatolysis, and some changes of the capillary endothelium. An increase of the number of direct contacts between the basal membrane of the capillaries and the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons and their axons was observed. Complexes characterized by direct contact of all the constituents of the neuron-glia capillary system were encountered. Such complexes were most typical for the median layers of the cortex. The types of the neuroglia-capillary interrelations described can be regarded as evidences of increased activity of the transport through the hematoencephalic barrier after post-ischemic restoration of the circulation. The direct contacts between the neurons. The glia, and the capillaries point to a possibility of direct exchange between the microcirculatory system and the neurons during the post-ischemic restoration of the circulation. PMID- 7293608 TI - Structural changes in the heart due to mechanical perfusion. AB - Acute myocardial damage such as epicardial, intramural and subendocardial haemorrhages and oedema are known to occur after mechanical perfusion. The results of animal experiments showed that local circulatory disturbances (hypoperfusion, hypoxia) due to mechanical damage of the blood (erythrocyte aggregation, denaturation) and or lasting hypoperfusion (microcirculatory hypoxia) are responsible for the acute lesions. In addition, the results offer a morphological explanation for the postperfusion heart failure. PMID- 7293609 TI - Treatment of perforated duodenal ulcer by vagotomy-associated antrectomy. AB - In the years between 1967 and 1978, Billroth I-type antrectomy and truncal vagotomy were performed in 44, and primary gastric resection in 19 cases of perforated duodenal ulcer. It was found that in the case of perforated ulcer causing extensive scarring, stenosis or penetration, antrectomy is not more complicated than pyloroplasty. In the absence of other local lesions and mainly in high-risk patients with cirrhosis, diabetes, chronic renal disease, tuberculosis, etc. excision of the perforated duodenal ulcer, pyloroplasty according to Finney and vagotomy were performed (48 operations), while in purulent peritonitis (8 patients) suturing only was applied. Bearing in mind the above aspects, the authors lost none of their patients. Final and similar results can be achieved with performed (in 48 cases), while in the case of purulent peritonitis only suturing was applied in 8 patients. None of the patients was lost. Similar results can be achieved with emergency antrectomy and vagotomy as under elective conditions. In the majority of cases the perforated duodenum can be operated upon in such a way which will abolish the perforation and ensure a final healing of the ulcer. PMID- 7293610 TI - [Morphological lesions of the kidney in acute bilateral subrenal occlusion]. AB - The effect on the kidney of a bilateral transitory occlusion of the ureter was studied. The extent of the oedematous swelling of the kidney was determined and the dilation of the pelvis and the condition of the vessels were studied. Changes were observed in the renal tissue. The vessels appeared to be in a functional spasm, Bowman's capsules and the tubules were dilated and signs of vacuolar degeneration were manifest in the parenchyma. Mannitol administered after relieving the occlusion enhanced renal regeneration. The oedema disappeared in a shorter time than otherwise and the degenerative symptoms ceased. PMID- 7293612 TI - Ultrastructure of testicular damage caused by varicocele. PMID- 7293611 TI - Development of bilateral collateral circulation after fracture of the axis. AB - The authors present a patient with chronic myelopathy after atlanto-axial fracture and vertebral artery occlusion treated by removal of the arch of the atlas. The natural arterial collaterals and their role are discussed. It is suggested that the knowledge of all the anastomoses is very important to avoid damage of blood flow during surgery. Fenestration of the vertebral artery causing by kinking is to be seen--a rare form of pathological collaterals. PMID- 7293613 TI - Intra- and suprasellar tumours: surgical results. AB - Experience gained with the operation of 108 intra- and suprasellar tumours and the results of the surgical intervention are presented. The transcranial -- subfrontal approach of hypophyseal tumours offers today a circumspect and, in a considerable part of the cases, radical solution. Intratracheal anaesthesia eliminates the surgical risk and radiotherapy prevents relapse. The situation is not quite as unambiguous in the case of craniopharyngeomas and optic tumours. Of the rare varieties, ependymoma and angioblastoma, of the frequent varieties tuberculum sellae meningioma and dermoids, have a promising prospect. Depending upon the mode of appearance, the prognosis of cysticercus and of ectopic pinealoma can be favourable or unfavourable. Since in every case the main task is to save the vision, the result will therefore depend upon early diagnosis. PMID- 7293614 TI - Tuberculous spondylitis. Experience with costovertebrotomy--spondylodesis. AB - After a brief review of the treatment of articular tuberculosis costovertebrotomy spondylodesis is recommended on the basis of experience in 196 cases. Spondylodesis with the resected rib is performed after cleansing of the focus. The method allows early mobilization of the patient and promotes healing of the destroyed vertebrae. The late results are also discussed. PMID- 7293616 TI - [Modification of the Kocher subcostal incision in biliary surgery]. PMID- 7293615 TI - [Clarification of minor posterolateral thoracotomy]. PMID- 7293617 TI - Haematoma of the rectus sheath complicated by an acute abdomen in patient with polycythemia vera. PMID- 7293618 TI - [Stomach rupture in inguino-scrotal hernia]. PMID- 7293619 TI - Wound infections in general surgery. A two-year prospective study in a private hospital. AB - The major and minor infection rate in 1,219 surgical wounds in which infection was a possible hazard was 4.2%. For the clean group the infection rate was 1%, for the clean-contaminated 6%, for the contaminated 15% and for the dirty class 19%. The mortality was 0.8% but there were no deaths due to infection or septicaemia. The results are classified according to the kind of surgery. They reflect a two-year prospective study in a conventional operating room without special air handling systems, in a private hospital. The series is characterized by a low antibiotic use (32% of the patients), the complete absence of anastomotic leaks and a systematic change of gloves, drapes and instruments before abdominal wound closure. PMID- 7293620 TI - [Is wound healing modified by the use of diathermy incision (author's transl)]. AB - Many surgeons are hesitant to use the electrocautery on the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study is to compare, with mechanical and histological criteria, wound healing following abdominal and gastric incisions made by scalpel and diathermy, in the rat. This study revealed no difference in bursting pressure between scalpel and diathermy incisions. Histologically there is not a delay in healing in the gastrointestinal tract following electroincision. It is concluded that in abdominal surgery the diathermy can be used without detriment to the strength of any suture line and with no difference in its final healing. PMID- 7293621 TI - [Axillary radical lymphnode dissection for breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a study of 242 patients with breast cancer who were submitted to an axillary radical lymph node dissection between July 1977 and December 1978. The operative indication and the histological results are noted. The operative technique, the postoperative status, complications and the later evolution are extensively described. The axillary lymph node dissection has a prognostic value. A careful operative and postoperative treatment is necessary in obtaining good results, good functional recuperation, and to avoid lymphoedema. PMID- 7293622 TI - [Reliability of arthroscopy of the knee (author's transl)]. AB - After recalling different indications of arthroscopy of the knee, the authors evaluate the use and the reliability of this technique in 109 consecutive examinations. Both clinical diagnosis and proposed surgical treatment are totally or partially modified in more than half of the cases out of 79 patients 16 arthrotomies are avoided. Overall reliability is only 85%, but attains 94% in the last 59 examinations. The value of arthroscopy and arthrography are compared (90% of reliability for arthroscopy, 15 mistakes out of 37 arthrographies). Arthroscopic control examinations may in some cases help to evaluate results of surgical treatment in chondromalacia patellae. PMID- 7293624 TI - [6th Congress of the Urological Society of Yugoslavia. Ochrida, 21-24 May 1980]. PMID- 7293623 TI - [Left-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with strangulation (author's transl)]. AB - A traumatic diaphragmatic hernia was diagnosed in a poly-traumatized 54 year old patient. Daily radiological surveillance showed progressive ascension of the abdominal organs into the chest associated with symptoms of strangulation. The patient was operated in the 3rd day. Splenectomy, reduction of the intra abdominal contents and suture of the diaphragm resulted in total recovery. PMID- 7293626 TI - [Incidence of inborn dislocation of the hip joint in the East Slovakian region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293625 TI - [Mutual relationship of skeleton and musculature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293627 TI - [Obesity -- a risk factor in the surgical treatment of coxarthrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293628 TI - [Talus verticalis]. PMID- 7293629 TI - [Treatment of the sequelae of myelomeningocele by conservative means (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293630 TI - [Some aspects of surgical treatment of lumbosacral discopathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293631 TI - [New aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of injuries of the fibrous apparatus of the knee joint. II (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293633 TI - [Roland's fracture of the Vth metacarpal bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293632 TI - [Surgical treatment of a haemophilic cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293634 TI - [Avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293635 TI - [Unstable pertrochanteric fractures of the femur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293636 TI - [Distal epiphyseolysis of the femur (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293637 TI - [Nephropathies caused by analgesics]. PMID- 7293638 TI - Legionnaires' disease and acute renal failure. PMID- 7293639 TI - About three cases of acute theophylline intoxication: clinical, toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7293640 TI - [Hamman's sign (pneumomediastinum - pneumopericardium)]. PMID- 7293642 TI - Miliary tuberculosis, late onset systemic lupus erythematosus and corticosteroid treatment: A case report. PMID- 7293641 TI - [Recently registered drugs in Belgium]. PMID- 7293643 TI - Non-interaction of cimetidine with digoxin absorption. PMID- 7293644 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of anaerobic bacterial infections: a problem of team work and human relations]. PMID- 7293646 TI - [Aspergilloma grafted in a cavitated pulmonary neoplasm]. PMID- 7293647 TI - [Arteriovenous aneurysm of the lung]. PMID- 7293645 TI - [Empty sella turcica: a protean symptomatology]. PMID- 7293649 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia does not affect the development of the stimulatory mechanism of oestrogen-progesterone on LH secretion. PMID- 7293648 TI - Pituitary apoplexy in acromegaly during bromocriptine therapy. AB - Two cases of pituitary apoplexy occurring in the course of long-term bromocriptine therapy for active acromegaly are described. Although bromocriptine was effective in lowering serum growth hormone levels and concomitant clinical improvement was achieved, both patients developed an acute episode suggesting pituitary apoplexy when the therapy was continued for 6 and 24 months, respectively. Surgery verified marked haemorrhage and necrosis of an eosinophilic pituitary adenoma in each case. Bromocriptine may have suppressed the growth of these pituitary adenomas resulting in necrosis of the tumour, followed by haemorrhage into the adenoma. Pituitary apoplexy has not been documented as a complication of bromocriptine therapy. This report points out a possible role of bromocriptine in the development of this catastrophe and that careful follow-up is required when long-term treatment with bromocriptine is attempted. PMID- 7293650 TI - Action of cortisol introduced into the supraoptic nucleus, on vasopressin release and antidiuresis during hypertonic saline infusion in conscious rhesus monkeys. AB - In human subjects cortisol raises the osmotic threshold for vasopressin release. The presumption that this results from a direct inhibitory action of cortisol on osmotically stimulated vasopressin release has been tested in conscious rhesus monkeys. Preparatory surgical procedures included chronic bladder catheterization, placement of cannulae in the right atrium, the left jugular vein and the stomach and stereotaxic insertion of metal cannulae in both supraoptic nuclei. The osmotic threshold for vasopressin release was defined as the plasma osmolality at the beginning of the 3 min urine sample in which free water clearance first fell by greater than 2 SD below the mean control level, in response to 5% saline infusion during constant hydration. Compared with control substances (0.9% saline solution or 11-deoxycortisol crystals), cortisol solution or crystals introduced into both supraoptic nuclei significantly lowered the plasma osmolality during the water-induced pre-saline diuresis, so that a larger amount of 5% NaCl infusion was required to reach the osmotic threshold. Thus, cortisol introduced into the supraoptic nuclei prolonged the duration of 5% saline infusion needed to reach the osmotic threshold, and raised the increment in plasma osmolality needed to reach the threshold but cortisol did not significantly raise the absolute level of the threshold. PMID- 7293651 TI - Further decrease in thyroidal uptake and disappearance of endemic goitre in children after 30 years of iodine prophylaxis in the east of Finland. AB - Endemic goitre of moderate severity was mainly found in the east of Finland in the 1930's. Studies in the 1950's showed an average daily iodine intake of 65-70 micrograms in the west and 50-65 micrograms in the east of the country. The use of iodized salt was introduced in the late 1940's but added only 15 micrograms of iodine to the daily intake. In the late 1950's iodine prophylaxis was intensified and the use of salt containing 25 mg KI/kg was recommended. In 1978 about 95% of all household salt used in the Savonlinna area was iodized. This region in the east of Finland has been used as an area of surveillance and studies have been carried out there in 1959, 1969 and 1979. During this period the thyroidal uptake decreased from 67 to 23% in non-goitrous subjects and from 62 to 28% in goitre patients the difference between the two last figures being statistically significant. The goitre patients also had significantly higher serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels. During the same period the urinary excretion of stable 127I increased from 45 micrograms to about 250 micrograms a day. Concomitantly the goitre prevalence among school children has decreased. Having been in the early 1950's in most parts 15-30% it is generally now 1-4%. It seems that the iodine intake is now adequate and that the endemia is gradually subsiding. PMID- 7293652 TI - Intermittent course of chronic goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - A case is reported of a woman of 30 where chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed in 1970. The diagnosis was based on palpation, thyroid function tests and elevated titres of antibodies against thyroid constituents. She was initially treated with small doses of prednisone with complete clinical and biochemical remission which persisted also after therapy was withdrawn. In the following 10 years she had three new episodes of goitre and biochemical hypothyroidism, all responding fast and completely to small doses of prednisone. Between these episodes she had periods of several months up to 3 years with no detectable thyroid disease even when not on treatment. PMID- 7293653 TI - Thyroglobulin assay in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas: comparison of its value in patients with or without normal residual tissue. AB - The usefulness of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) assay in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinomas has been evaluated in 109 subjects divided into two groups. Group 1 included 64 patients who had undergone total thyroid ablation. In 40 of the 41 patients in complete remission serum Tg was undetectable during replacement therapy (TSH below 5 microunits/ml). In 18 out of the 40 patients serum TG was detectable following endogenous TSH stimulation. As 83% of these patients had ectopic uptake prior to the last radioiodine treatment, this release of Tg under TSH stimulation suggests the persistence of occult neoplastic tissue. Of the other 23 patients, 20 had bone or lung metastases and 3 patients had lymph node recurrences: in all these patients, serum Tg was detectable during replacement therapy and increased after TSH stimulation. Group 2 included 45 patients in whom normal residual thyroid tissue was present at the time of the investigation. Of these, 35 patients were in apparent remission and 19 of them had detectable Tg level within the normal range. The other 10 patients had detectable metastases and in 4 of these the Tg level was also within the normal range. Thus, no conclusion can be drawn from a normal Tg level in the presence of residual thyroid tissue. Bovine TSH stimulation did not improve significantly the diagnostic value of Tg assay in this group of patients. PMID- 7293654 TI - Serum thyroglobulin differentiated thyroid carcinoma: histological and metastatic classification. AB - Serum thyroglobulin (tg) levels were measured in 112 patients with proved differentiated thyroid carcinoma (6 pre-operative, 32 post-operative and 74 in whom thyroidectomy was followed by radioiodine treatment). The tg levels were within the normal range in patients who had a residual mass in the neck region after surgery and who were in remission. The patients with metastases showed a wide range (undetectable to microgram quantities) of tg in circulation. The analysis of serum tg with respect to histology showed that the follicular variety of carcinoma tends to show higher tg in serum than the papillary type. Metastatic involvement of bone was associated with much higher serum tg levels than other sites such as lung and lymph node. Thirteen patients with bone metastases of non thyroidal primary origin had tg levels within the normal range. Serum tg estimation is useful in excluding thyroid as a primary site in patients with bone metastases of unknown primary origin. PMID- 7293655 TI - Iodide transport of thyroid plasma membranes. AB - Plasma membranes consisting of closed vesicles were isolated from hog thyroid homogenate. The membrane vesicles showed uphill transport of iodide from an external medium containing monovalent cations, of which K+ induced iodide transport more potently than Na+. The activity of the iodide transport expressed as T/M[I-] was as little as 3 to 11 in the presence of K+, but was invariably present. The ratio reached a maximum within about 10 min and then decreased fairly rapidly to unity. The addition of SCN- or CIO-4 to the external medium inhibited iodide transport. The transport activity was found to be maximum at pH 7.0 to 7.5 in the external medium. A kinetic study showed that the transport rate was saturated with respect to the iodide concentration. These observations suggested the presence of a carrier-mediated iodide transport system which was coupled with K+ flux across the plasma membrane. PMID- 7293656 TI - Effects of fasting on thyroid hormone levels and kinetics of reverse triiodothyronine in cattle. PMID- 7293657 TI - Autoregulation of 3, 3',5'-triiodothyronine production by rat liver microsomes. AB - Conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) was studied in rat liver microsomes. Addition of rT3 at a physiological concentration to the incubation medium inhibited the deiodination of thyroxine to rT3. With a concentration of rT3 greater than 37.6 nM no net rT3 production at pH 8.0 was observed. Further increases in rT3 concentration resulted only in degradation of added rT3 and no net synthesis of rT3 from T4 could be detected. The inhibitory effect of rT3 upon its own production from T4 was pH dependent, 5 fold lower amounts of hormone being required to inhibit completely rT3 production at pH 7.4 than at pH 8.0. With the same experimental conditions no significant effect of rT3 on the conversion of T4 to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) could be observed at pH 8.0 with all concentrations of added iodothyronine. A linear production of 3,3'-T2 from added rT3 was determined over the whole range of rT3 concentration, suggesting a lack of saturation of deiodinating enzyme. Binding of rT3 by anti rT3 antibody added to the incubation mixture enhanced rT3 production from T4 by protecting rT3 from being degraded and/or diminishing the inhibitory effect of this iodothyronine on its own production. It was concluded that rT3 influenced its own production and that this effect may represent an important autoregulatory process in the iodothyronine metabolism. PMID- 7293658 TI - Methacholine, a cholinergic agent, stimulates catecholamine release in man. AB - To study the effect of cholinergic stimulation on catecholamine release, methacholine, a choline ester, was injected im into normal subjects. Significant increases in plasma norepinephrine and plasma epinephrine concentrations were observed in response to methacholine administration with significant haemodynamic changes, but there was no correlation between the rise in plasma catecholamines and the haemodynamic changes. These results suggest that the increases in plasma catecholamines induced by methacholine did not result from reflex responses to haemodynamic changes and thus could be a direct effect of methacholine on sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla. PMID- 7293659 TI - Characterization of cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in rat granulosa cells. Evidence for nuclear translocation. AB - The granulosa cells from immature rats were found to possess binding components for progestins. The physicochemical properties were determined. By sucrose gradient centrifugation, binding of [3H]R-5020 was observed in the 7S and 4S region of the gradient. Isoelectric focusing, however, revealed only one binding component (pH 5.9). The component was of protein nature and was destroyed by heating the cytosol fraction to 37 degrees C for 30 min. Scatchard analysis of the data showed one single binding component with high affinity (KD approximately 1.5 X 10(-9) mol/l). The binding capacity was 50 fmol/mg protein in unprimed animals and 193 fmol/mg protein in animals treated with oestrogen. Studies on the steroid specificity revealed that R-5020 had the highest affinity for the receptors, followed by progesterone and the synthetic progestin, cyproterone acetate. Corticosterone, oestradiol-17 beta and testosterone had low affinity, whereas cortisol had no significant affinity for the receptor. Using exchange assay, it was demonstrated that the cytoplasmic receptors translocated to the nucleus after administration of unlabelled progesterone to the animals. The presence of cytoplasmic and nuclear progestin receptors, strongly indicates that progesterone may have a direct effect on granulosa cell function. PMID- 7293660 TI - In vitro inactivation of the oestradiol receptor by a lysosome-enriched fraction from rat uterus. AB - The inactivating action of a lysosome-enriched fraction on oestradiol receptors from rat uterus cytosol under in vitro conditions is reported. During incubation at 25 degrees C in the absence of oestradiol, the inactivation of the oestradiol receptor depends directly on the amount of lysosome-enriched fraction present. Boiled lysosome-enriched fractions have no effect on cytosol receptors. The inactivation of oestradiol receptors was maximal when the incubation was performed at pH 7.5 and follows second order kinetics. Progesterone receptors were also lost during the incubation but two other proteins present in cytosol (aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase) show almost no change in amount during the procedure. It appears that the inactivating process reflects the action of quite specific entities present in the lysosome-enriched fraction. The effect of the lysosome-enriched fraction on cytosol oestradiol receptors is quantitative as judged from unchanged KA value and electrophoretic mobility of the surviving receptors. PMID- 7293661 TI - Local placental influence on the uterine concentration of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in the pregnant guinea-pig. AB - Oestradiol-17 beta (Oe2) and progesterone (P) concentration in the various regions of the uterus, and in ovaries with or without corpora lutea, were determined in the unilaterally pregnant guinea-pig at mid-term and full-term of pregnancy. The concentrations of both Oe2 and P were highest in the non-pregnant horn, and lowest in the perifoetal and juxtaplacental tissue in mid-term and term pregnancies, respectively. The Oe2 concentration in corpus luteum bearing ovaries was much lower than in those without corpora lutea, whereas the P concentration was higher. Ovariectomy performed at term resulted in a decrease of about 40% in plasma P concentration and no significant change in Oe2 concentration. This suggests that there is at least some contribution of P by the ovary even at term of pregnancy. The present data also provide strong evidence for the lack of local placental influence on the concentration of Oe2 and P in the uterus. PMID- 7293662 TI - 46,XY male pseudohermaphroditism due to early foetal testicular dysgenesis. AB - A 17 year old patient with female phenotype and 46,XY karyotype presented because of primary amenorrhoea. Enlarged clitoris and pubic hair were observed and no breast development. Gonadotrophin values were greatly raised into the castrate range, while testosterone was at the upper limit of the normal range for females. No uterus, Fallopian tubes or remnants of Mullerian and Wolffian products were found at laparotomy. Bilateral inguinal masses were removed and proved to be testicular tissue. This case report shows that gonads can be present in patients with the clinical and endocrinological characteristics of the syndrome of 'true agonadism'. PMID- 7293663 TI - Effect of inhibin on rat testicular desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7293664 TI - Benserazide, a stimulator of prolactin release: a new test in the diagnosis of pituitary prolactin-secreting tumours. PMID- 7293665 TI - Effects of bromocriptine-induced pregnancy on prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours. AB - Twenty-eight women with hyperprolactinaemia and amenorrhoea received bromocriptine treatment which resulted in 31 term pregnancies. Bromocriptine treatment was stopped as soon as pregnancy was established. Nineteen of the women had radiological signs of a pituitary tumour. The pregnancies were clinically uneventful in all cases except one who developed headache. Post-partum sellar X ray showed pregnancy-induced enlargement of the pituitary fossa in 4 of the 28 women. Regression of the radiological changes occurred in 3 of the 4 women within 2 years after the delivery. The women with abnormal sellar X-rays had no difference in the mean prolactin levels before treatment and after pregnancy and lactation while all the women with normal sellae had lower prolactin levels after pregnancy than before. Three women resumed regular spontaneous menstruations after pregnancy and lactation but only one conceived again. Thus, serious pituitary tumour complications are rare in hyperprolactinaemic women with bromocriptine-induced pregnancies. The pregnancy does not worsen the condition. Resolution of hyperprolactinaemia after bromocriptine-induced pregnancy is an unfrequent finding. PMID- 7293666 TI - Inhibitory effect of calcium on serum prolactin. AB - The effect of calcium (Ca) infusions on serum prolactin (Prl) was studied in normal controls and children with disorders of Ca metabolism: Three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (vitamin D deficiency rickets), 2 children with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, 13 epileptic patients with anticonvulsant drug induced inhibition of calcitonin (CT) secretion and 1 patient with vitamin D resistant rickets with normal CP and low PTH secretion. Ca induced a significant decline of serum Prl in most subjects which could not be explained by the associated increase of CT or decrease of iPTH. The important role of Ca for the in vitro secretion of dopamine has been established for a long time. It is speculated that the inhibitory effect of Ca infusion or serum Prl may be due to dopamine release from nerve tracts in the hypothalamus. PMID- 7293667 TI - Determination of thymidine incorporation activity in the sera from patients with short stature. PMID- 7293668 TI - Iodine metabolism and the effect of TSH in thyroid glands of early bovine embryos. AB - The ontogeny of the thyrotrophin-thyroid axis during the first trimester was studied in 104 bovine embryonic thyroids taken from foetuses of crown-rump length 1.4 to 19.2 cm (25-120 days). The uptake of labelled iodine in vitro in the absence or presence of TSH was measured. The per cent incorporation of radioiodine into iodotyrosines and iodothyronines in the presence and absence of TSH was also studied. It was found that the foetal tissue displayed radioiodine uptake by 25 days of foetal life and the uptake increased with age. TSH caused a further increase in radioiodine uptake in foetuses of 40 days or older. Incorporation of radioiodine into MIT and DIT was apparent at 25 days and into T3 and T4 by 40 days of foetal life. Addition of TSH increased the proportion of total radioiodine found as DIT and thyroxine in foetuses of 40 days older. This TSH stimulation of radioiodine incorporation increased with age. However, the proportion of radioiodine found as MIT and T3 was not affected before 120 days of foetal life. This was in marked contrast to the adult thyroid where the proportion of radioiodine found as T3 was increased by the addition of TSH. It is concluded that the foetal thyroid can respond to TSH by at least 40 days of foetal life and that this response differs from that seen in the adult. PMID- 7293669 TI - Effect of goitrogen administration on the circadian rhythm of serum thyroid stimulating hormone in the rat. AB - Adult male rats were fed a goitrogen, aminotriazole, for 74 days at a dose known to suppress thyroid function completely. At the end of this period, these animals along with matched controls were killed in groups of seven at 3 hourly intervals throughout a 24 hour period, and serum TSH, T3, T4 and albumin assayed. No significant circadian rhythms of T3, T4 or albumin were found in either, but a highly significant rhythm of TSH was demonstrated both in controls and goitrogen treated groups, with a diminished relative amplitude in the latter. The results indicate that a significant diurnal rhythm of serum TSH persists in the rat despite long-term blockade of thyroid hormone synthesis and that the existence of this rhythm is therefore independent of the presence of circulating T3 or T4. PMID- 7293670 TI - Biomechanical changes in connective tissues induced by experimental diabetes. AB - The biomechanical properties of skin and aorta were studied in rats with experimental (streptozotocin) diabetes. After 30 days of diabetes the collagen content of the skin was diminished by 30%. By biomechanical testing collagen from diabetic rats was found to exhibit increased stiffness and strength: maximal stiffness was increased by 20% and the strain at maximum stress was decreased by 10%. Insulin treatment prevented all changes. No differences were found between aortic specimens from diabetic and normal rats. PMID- 7293671 TI - Prolonged steroidogenesis in luteinized ovaries of hypophysectomized rats. AB - Luteinized ovaries of rats hypophysectomized shortly after ovulation 25-80 days previously secrete considerable amounts of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 20 alpha-OHP) into the bloodstream. The serum concentration of 20 alpha-OHP in these hypophysectomized animals is almost similar to that of progesterone in intact pseudopregnant rats on day 7 of pseudopregnancy, in spite of the absence of demonstrable amounts of prolactin. Isolated corpora lutea of the last generation and the remainder of the ovarian tissue both contained 20 alpha-OHP. Six months after hypophysectomy no detectable amount of 20 alpha-OHP was found in the serum. Androgenized rats, devoid of corpora lutea, did not produce 20 alpha-OHP after hypophysectomy. These data show that pituitary hormones are not required for the prolonged synthesis and secretion of 20 alpha-OHP by the luteinized ovary. PMID- 7293672 TI - No proof of anorectic properties of pGlu-His-Gly in rats and mice. AB - Two groups of 7 rats were injected sc with 10 microgram/d and 100 microgram/d of pGlu-His-GlyOH or the same volume of saline for 20 days. No differences in body weight or food consumption could be detected during two months of observation. The same negative results were obtained when 4 groups of 10 mice were treated with 0.17 microgram/d pGlu-His-GlyOH or saline. PMID- 7293673 TI - Dynamic echohysteroscopy: a new diagnostic technique in the study of female infertility. PMID- 7293674 TI - Repeated tubal surgery. PMID- 7293675 TI - A correlation between serum count and concentrations in human seminal plasma and serum. PMID- 7293676 TI - [Tumoral pathology of the diffuse endocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293677 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of angiography in carcinoid tumors of the digestive tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293678 TI - [The surgical treatment of the carcinoid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293679 TI - [The function of the spleen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293681 TI - [Splenic angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293682 TI - [Are thrombopenias of cirrhotics an indication of splenectomy? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293683 TI - [The tumoural pathology of the pancreatobiliary ductal system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293680 TI - [The hyperactive spleen in scintigraphy with colloids. A study of the sensitivity, the specificity and the predictive value in cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293684 TI - [The contribution of echotomography and of endoscopic cholangiowirsungography to the diagnosis of the diseases of the pancreatico-biliary ductal system. A prospective study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293685 TI - [A confrontation of the value of computerized tomography and retrograde cholangiowirsungography in the lesions of the pancreato-biliary ductal system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293686 TI - [A case of annular pancreas diagnosed by retrograde cholangiowirsungography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293687 TI - [Reappraisal of the benign papillary stenosis in biliary surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293688 TI - [DNA polymerase in the microsomal fraction of the myeloblasts of chickens infected with avian myeloblastosis virus]. AB - Only one DNA polymerase is present in the microsomal fraction of the cells producing AMV. Chromatographically purified enzyme shows the properties of revertase, that is it transcribes in DNA the information encoded in natural RNA. The enzyme possesses identical chromatographic characteristics and the same template specificity as the enzyme isolated from pure AMV virus. Thus the virus enzyme and the cellular DNA polymerase from the microsomal fraction cannot be differentiated on the basis of certain properties. PMID- 7293690 TI - [Effect of incubation temperature in the range of 20-70 degrees on the membrane potential of human erythrocytes in vitro]. AB - A new method was applied for determination of changes in the electrochemical properties of cell membrane (surface potential delta V) caused by temperature and incubation time in human erythrocytes. The results show that delta V is very sensitive to changes occurring in the surface of the cells. PMID- 7293691 TI - [Studies on intraperitoneal cytodiagnosis in the gynaecological field and on cytodiagnosis of ovarian tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293689 TI - [Detection of immune complexes in idiopathic thrombopenia]. AB - In 206 sera from the patients with different haematological disorders including 45 sera from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia, immune complexes were searched for, using the method of inhibition of latex-IgG agglutination by rheumatoid factor (RF) and C1q complement component. In the group of patients in 27 cases (13%) presence of endogenous RF was found. The sera of 149 patients (72.5%) inhibited RF and C1q. With the exception of sera from patients with thrombocytopenia, all the remaining ones either inhibited RF and C1q or contained endogenous RF. In the sera of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia the inhibitory factors were found in 46.5% and endogenous RF in 22.5%. In 12 patients in this group selected on clinical grounds the levels of immune complexes were investigated before and during 2 weeks after splenectomy. Apart from some changes immediately after this operation no significant differences were observed in the levels of immune complexes during this brief follow-up. PMID- 7293694 TI - [Effects of vitamin B2-deficiency and B2-butyrate feeding on rat liver microsomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293693 TI - [Study on enhancement of complement activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293692 TI - [Studies on gastrin release in patients with gastric cancer and that in men and dogs after gastrectomy. Part I : clinical studies on the fasting serum gastrin levels in gastric cancer and postgastrectomy patients. Part II : clinical and experimental studies on the gastrin release after various gastrectomies in man and dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293695 TI - [Studies on phospholipids in amniotic fluid in normal and abnormal pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293696 TI - Experimental traumatic asphyxia (1)--grades of thoracic compression and mortality. PMID- 7293697 TI - Experimental traumatic asphyxia (2)--observations on the pulmonary blood vessels. PMID- 7293698 TI - Elastic waist belts and their relationship to illness. PMID- 7293699 TI - [Congenital anomaly of uterus in delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293700 TI - Haemodynamic responses to antagonism of pancuronium and alcuronium block. AB - Using non-invasive methods, haemodynamic responses to antagonism of pancuronium (Pc) and alcuronium (Ac) block were compared in patients anaesthetized with thiopental-N2O-fentanyl and undergoing minor surgery. Neuromuscular block (90%) was maintained with Pc in 10 patients and Ac in 10 patients. After surgery, atropine 0.015 mg kg-1 and neostigmine 0.03 mg kg-1 (AN) were given simultaneously. The rate of reversal of the block was equal in the two groups. Between 4 and 16 min after AN, the decrease of heart rate (HR) was more pronounced in patients who had received Pc. The mean of the lowest HR was 43.2 beats min-1 in the Pc group, compared with 62.0 beats min-1 in the Ac group. The bradycardia was associated with a moderate decrease in arterial pressure in patients treated with Pc. However, due to an increase in stroke volume, mean cardiac output (CO) was not lower in the Pc group. Some patients treated with Pc developed a temporary nodal rhythm after AN and this was associated with a considerable decrease in CO. It is concluded that, in spite of marked bradycardia during antagonism of Pc block, circulation is well maintained, provided that sinus rhythm is present. PMID- 7293702 TI - Bioavailability of rectal aspirin in neurosurgical patients. AB - Serum salicylate levels were determined fluorimetrically in 12 neurosurgical patients after rectal and oral administration of 1.0 g aspirin. There was no significant difference in the AUC-value between the two routes of administration, but a slower rate of absorption with no clear peak effect was found after rectal administration. Rectal aspirin is useful in clinical situations in which mediation is difficult by the oral route, e.g. after neurosurgical and open-heart surgical interventions. PMID- 7293703 TI - Flow to lung compartments with different time constants: effect of choice of model. AB - The thesis that an accelerating flow generator provides more even ventilation than a constant flow generator originated from studies using mechanical lung models. We simulated such studies by use of mathematical models. We found that the conclusions of these previous studies were dependent on the particular characteristics of their mechanical models. Studies employing more commonly used models indicate that constant flow generators, in fact, tend to provide more uniform ventilation, especially with long inspiratory times. PMID- 7293701 TI - Thermocamera, a macroscopic method for the study of pollution with nitrous oxide in operating theatres. AB - Nitrous oxide (N2O) is used in high concentrations in inhalation anaesthesia and can serve as a tracer of other, more potent anaesthetic agents polluting the air of operating theatres. It has the quality of absorbing infra-red light with a characteristic peak of 4.5 micrometer in the absorption spectrum. N2O in the operating-room atmosphere will absorb infra-red light emitted from a heat screen, and can therefore be registered by an infra-red-camera equipped with a filter eliminating waves outside the 4.5 micrometer waveband. The method was tested during paediatric inhalation anaesthesia. The infra-red-camera measurements are semi-quantitative and sensitive to an extinction of about 1000 ppmcm, comparable to a N2O concentration of 100 ppm measured by an infra-red N2O monitor. It was demonstrated that major pollution occurs during mask anaesthesia and after extubation. The polluting gas is insufficiently evacuated by the operating theatre ventilation. The method makes it possible to visualize the dispersion of spilled or leaking N2O, and is therefore of value when constructing and evaluating new scavenging equipment and in producing educational material. PMID- 7293704 TI - Portable emergency ventilators. Sensitivity to environment. AB - The function in various types of climate of three ventilators which are commercially available in Sweden: Motivus, Pneupac 2 and Logic 07, was tested as well as their sensitivity to vibration. The ventilators functioned in subzero temperatures only if the driving gas had a low humidity content. They also required an increased driving gas pressure. Only Logic 07 would function below 20 degrees C. In a hot climate there were no functional disturbances. Motivus and Pneupac 2 had few resonance frequencies during the vibration tests. Logic 07 had a very marked resonance frequency at 60 Hz, as well as in other ranges, which disturbed the ventilatory function since the vibration affected the ventilatory frequency regulator. All three ventilators functioned without any complaints after being subjected to vibration tests for at least 15 min at the observed resonance frequencies, or to shock tests. The results suggest that a through scrutiny should be carried out of the function of compact ventilators in various environments. PMID- 7293705 TI - Admixture of atmospheric air in the T-piece used as a weaning system. AB - Ayre's T-piece may be used for intubated, non-anaesthetized patients requiring an oxygen supplement or humidified gas mixtures. The system has the disadvantage that atmospheric air (VAD) enters through the expiratory leg when the inspiratory flow and therapeutic gas flow (TGF) are not equal. This admixture can be reduced in the simple T-piece by the addition of either a compliant inspiratory reservoir, or a compliant inspiratory reservoir and an expiratory unidirectional valve. These three systems have been studied in a model investigation using different tidal volumes (VT), respiratory frequencies, and therapeutic gas flow. VAD was measured using a pneumotachograph and the inspiratory tidal volume was measured with a Wright Respiratory Monitor. The ratio VAD/VT was employed as an expression of the admixture of atmospheric air during inspiration. The introduction of a compliant inspiratory reservoir to the simple T-piece results under all conditions in a considerable reduction in VAD/VT. A further reduction was obtained by introducing an expiratory unidirectional valve into the system - however, with the result that the previously open system is turned into a closed system. When selecting a weaning system, the risk to the patient of the discontinuation of the gas flow should therefore be weighed against the advantages obtained by a reduction of the admixture. PMID- 7293706 TI - A preliminary assessment of atracurium, a new competitive neuromuscular blocking agent. AB - Atracurium besylate, 2,2'-(3,11-dioxo-4,10-dioxatridecylene)-bis-[6,7-dimethoxy-1 (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium] dibenzenesulphonate is a potent non-depolarising (competitive) neuromuscular blocking agent in the cat, monkey, dog and anaesthetized man. In man, it caused complete paralysis of the tetanic response of the adductor pollicis muscles at doses of 0.2 mg/kg. Blockade was of medium duration with rapid spontaneous recovery, and was readily reversed by neostigmine. The electrocardiogram, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure were virtually unchanged following doses of 0.2-0.4 mg/kg. Intubation was readily accomplished in 1.5-2 min after administration of 0.25-0.3 mg/kg. PMID- 7293707 TI - Maternal and foetal drug levels after epicutaneous application of a local anaesthetic formulation containing ketocaine for possible use as pain relief in labour. AB - A local anaesthetic formulation (A 2358) containing ketocaine, a local anaesthetic drug, was applied epicutaneously to the low back. Two compresses soaked with A 2358 were applied for 1 hour in 26 normal labours for relieving referred pain from the low back. The maternal blood ketocaine levels remained low, compared to higher systemic levels reported in other studies. Maternal heart rate and blood pressure were stable during the application time. The mean umbilical vein/maternal vein and umbilical artery/maternal vein concentration ratios were 0.20 +/- 0.10 and 0.21 +/- 0.09. In addition, the foetal heart rate findings and the conditions of the neonates were satisfactory, thus suggesting the foetal safety of this analgesic method. PMID- 7293708 TI - Cluster headache and sphenopalatine block. AB - 1. Cluster headache is a severe unilateral head or facial pain, which lasts for minutes or hours, commonly associated with ipsilateral lacrimation and blockade of the nostril. It usually recurres once or more daily for a period of weeks or months, separated by intervals of freedom. The sphenopalatine ganglion seems to play a very important role in its pathology, 2. We created a technic of alcohol infiltration of this ganglion through a supra-zygomatic way, based on the research of the maxillary nerve by neurostimulation and the bone contact with the pterygoid process. 3. We observed a relief of pain and parsympathetic disturbances in more than 85% of our 120 cases, with a follow up between 6 months and 4 years. 4. Results obtained are discussed and analysed in connection with the definition of cluster headache. (Acta anaesth. belg., 1981, 32, 101-107). PMID- 7293709 TI - The treatment of pain by acupuncture. The riddle of acupuncture and the place of the acupuncturist in the pain-team. AB - Recent literature concerning the mechanism of the possible acupuncture effect is discussed. The results of several authors in the treatment by acupuncture of patients suffering from a chronic pain syndrome are mentioned. The acupuncture effect is analysed and is divided in specific and aspecific effect and placebo reaction. The possibility of acupuncture treatment being classified into categories is indicated with respect to future scientific research into the acupuncture effect according to this methodological approach. Finally, the place of the acupuncturist in the pain team is discussed. (Acta anaesth. belg., 1981, 32, 33-43). PMID- 7293710 TI - Actual possibilities of pain treatment center at the state University of Ghent. PMID- 7293711 TI - Percutaneous facet denervation and partial posterior rhizotomy. AB - A classification is given of the types of pain emanating from the vertebral column and associated neural structures. Treatment should primarily be conservative, and if this is not successful surgery should be considered. If pain is still resistant to therapy after these steps percutaneous interruption of afferent stimuli by thermocoagulation may be considered. Two techniques are described. If pain is of the posterior mechanical type, a percutaneous facet denervation may be indicated, both in the lumbosacral and in the cervical area. Small diameter electrodes have been developed, rendering the procedure less painful and considerably reducing postoperative morbidity. For radicular pain confined to one segmental level the method of partial posterior rhizotomy is introduced. In this procedure a partial, selective interruption of stimuli is made in the dorsal root ganglion. The indications, selection of patients, techniques, results and complications of both methods are described. It is concluded that percutaneous facet denervation is an effective method for alleviating posterior mechanical pain. Partial posterior rhizotomy has a worth while success rate considering the fact that there is nothing else to offer to those patients. (Acta anaesth. belg., 1981, 32, 63-80). PMID- 7293712 TI - Neurophysiology of pain. PMID- 7293714 TI - Studies on premedication and ventilatory responses to minaxolone. AB - The effect of three premedications on induction, maintenance and recovery characteristics of minaxolone as a supplement to nitrous oxide and oxygen anesthesia were studied in 70 patients. Morphine and atropine premedication provided superior operative conditions with fewer side-effects when compared with atropine alone or diazepam and atropine. Recovery was significantly longer after minaxolone compared with a similar group of patients given Althesin. The ventilatory responses to the induction of anesthesia with minaxolone were measured in 25 patients. All patients showed an increase in respiratory frequency and a decrease in tidal volume. This effect was most marked in the group premedicated with diazepam and atropine. PMID- 7293715 TI - An evaluation of etomidate in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). AB - In 47 adult patients undergoing either microlaryngoscopy or bronchoscopy, anesthesia was maintained with a continuous etomidate infusion after induction with etomidate and spraying the vocal cords and trachea with 10% xylocaine. The patients breathed air spontaneously throughout the procedure, oxygen being added if necessary. It is claimed that this technique provides good, safe and convenient anesthesia. An additional advantage in cases of microlaryngoscopy is that mobility of the vocal cord is retained. PMID- 7293716 TI - Postoperative analgesia by peridural injection with morphine. PMID- 7293713 TI - Neuroadenolysis of the pituitary. AB - The authors describe the neuroadenolysis of the pituitary (NALP), an original antalgic technique consisting in the injection of small amounts of alcohol into the sella turcica. Used for diffuse pain from advanced cancer, NALP determines, in addition to the antalgic effect, a temporary regression in the evolution of the neoplastic disease in approximately 30% of the cases of hormonedependent tumors. The consequences and complications are generally not very serious, allowing the use of this technique in poor-risk patients. The authors also discuss the results, the mechanism of the antalgic effect and the studies carried out with a view to defining such mechanism. To this end, the authors stress the importance of the electrophysiological approach and described the first experiments involving the technique of cortical evoked potentials in patients who have undergone NALP. (Acta anaesth. belg., 1981, 32, 87-99). PMID- 7293717 TI - Fine structural and functional study of the prostatic complex of the guinea pig. AB - The fine structure of the prostate gland of the guinea pig was studied by electron microscopy. The lateral lobe was characterized by tall columnar epithelium which formed various degrees of foldings. The epithelial cells had well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER). The cisternae were closely packed and often arranged in concentric configuration in the basal cytoplasm. The apical cytoplasm was characterized by a large Golgi and prominent secretory granules. The luminal border typically contained microvilli. Fusion of the secretory granules with the luminal membrane were observed. The secretion in this lobe is believed to be triggered by a merocrine mechanism. The glandular cells of the dorsal prostate were characterized by well-developed and dilated GER. Most cells had no secretory granules and the luminal surface was endowed with microvilli. It is believed that in these cells the secretion is stored in the cisternae and may be discharged directly into the lumen. A small number of cells in the dorsal prostate showed large dense secretory granules in the apical region. Secretion in this group of cells, as in the cells of the lateral prostate, is believed to be produced by a merocrine mechanism. The coagulating gland on the other hand, had sparser GER and less dilated cisternae. The cells contained no secretory granules and usually had a small Golgi. Apical blebs were commonly found in these cells. Apical blebs have been observed to pinch off from the apical cytoplasm and to release the small sacs of secretory material into the lumen. This is an apocrine mechanism of secretion. PMID- 7293718 TI - Redevelopment of the calvaria after partial craniectomy in growing rabbits: the effect of altering dural continuity. AB - A circular calvariectomy procedure was performed on 24 New Zealand white rabbits at 6 weeks of age. In 12 animals, the continuity of the dura mater was interrupted. The remaining animals served as controls. The animals were sacrificed at intervals to document the regenerative potential of the altered dural tissues. The results of this experiment show that bone deposition leading to calvarial redevelopment is directly dependent upon the presence of the dura mater. In addition, the rate of deposition is apparently affected by dural continuity, animal age, and localized differences in the thickness of the dural layers. The redevelopment and patency of the cranial sutures are strongly influenced by alterations in the continuity of the dura mater. PMID- 7293719 TI - Quantitative ultrastructural study of prolactin cells from lactating mice during a 24-hour period. AB - A quantitative ultrastructural morphometric study was performed on the prolactin (PRL) cells of lactating mice, at different times in a circadian period. The results showed significant time fluctuations in the percentages of cytoplasmic volume occupied by several organelles. The endoplasmic reticulum appeared more developed during the dark period, indicating a higher synthesis of secretory material in this phase. The Golgi complex, including an increased number of immature granules, was found remarkably enlarged during the light period. Moreover, the release of PRL would be increased during the dark phase, as judged by the diminution of the secretory granules and the higher degree of emiocytotic activity. The present morphometric approach in the detection of circadian variations of PRL secretion in lactating mice is emphasized. PMID- 7293720 TI - [Histological study of the action of propranolol on the genital tract of the male rat]. AB - Increasing doses of propranolol were injected intraperitoneally to four series of adult male rats in order to study the effect of this beta-blocking agent on various organs (testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle) and endocrine glands (adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, pituitary). Histological damage was observed only in testes: i.e., necrosis and desquamation of germinal cells in the seminiferous tubules associated with light arterial vasoconstriction. Pelviperitoneal fibrosis was observed as well. These lesions seem to be of pharmacological vascular origin and appear to occur in combination with an elective toxic effect of propranolol on the germinal cells. PMID- 7293721 TI - Ultrastructural relationships between the receptor nerve fiber and surrounding lamellae in Krause end-bulbs. AB - The ultrastructural relationship between the receptor nerve fiber and the surrounding lamellae in Krause end-bulbs was discussed. Many sites of specialized junctions of symmetrical or asymmetrical type along the receptor nerve fiber and the surrounding lamellae were found. In addition, in close vicinity to them, spine-like digitations of the receptor nerve fiber, filled mainly with small clear vesicles, were observed. Mitochondrion-like cholinesterase-positive structures bulging in some cytoplasmic lamellae were also found. It is suggested that a functional link might exist between the specialized junctions, digitations and mitochrondrion-like structures in the transformation of external mechanical stimuli into nerve impulses. PMID- 7293722 TI - Adaptation of arterioles to moving capillaries. AB - The capillary network of the enamel organ of the continuously growing mandibular incisor of the rat is supplied by a series of arteries which, after penetrating the bone, are disposed in a row in the periodontium along the tooth and linked together by anastomoses. The branches from these arteries are subjected to adaptive changes consistent with a forward movement of the capillaries in relation to the arteries. The mechanism which renders this movement possible appears to be the following: Each artery in the row supplies a section of the passing plexus by coupling and uncoupling short-lived arterioles, which go through a cycle of proliferation, elongation and degeneration. Proliferation takes place at the posterior end of the section, where new arterioles replace discarded arterioles from the preceding artery. By growing in length, the arterioles keep pace with the migrating capillary network. When the capillaries are within reach of the next artery, the arterioles disconnect. Thereafter they become obliterated and die in the intermediate zone of the periodontium, to which they have been gradually displaced by proliferation of the inner-tooth-related layer of the periodontal connective tissue. PMID- 7293723 TI - [A case of the right vertebral artery as the last branch of the aortic arch (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293724 TI - [A rare case of the left sided inferior vena cava (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293725 TI - [On the arterial supply of the masseter and temporal muscles in the crab-eating monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293726 TI - [Anthropometry of adult female Japanese with remarks on correlation coefficients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293727 TI - [Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopic observation on cartilage of the mandibular condyle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293728 TI - [Changes in the mouse epididymis after ligation of the ductuli efferentes or proximal epididymal duct: qualitative and quantitative histological studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293729 TI - [Anatomy education in England]. PMID- 7293730 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Morphological study of erythrocytes after treatment with L-alpha-lysophosphatidyl-choline in dystrophic patients and in the carrier state. AB - The percentage of echinocytes in the blood from patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, in mothers carriers of the dystrophic state, and in Steinert dystrophic patients, has been investigated after addition of low levels of lysolecithin. The echinocyte content was significantly higher in both Duchenne patients and in carriers, and lower in Steinert patients than in controls. The extents of the differences suggest the possibility to use this methodology as a diagnostic test in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7293731 TI - Left atrial myxoma with left retinal emboli, right hemiparesis and myocardial infarction. Neurologic and echocardiographic diagnosis. Surgical treatment. PMID- 7293732 TI - [Role of microsurgical revascularization in the treatment of cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 7293733 TI - [Surgical treatment of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhages]. PMID- 7293734 TI - [A multidisciplinary approach to the study of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7293735 TI - [Clinical considerations on cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 7293736 TI - [Frequency of electrocardiographic changes in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7293737 TI - [Ophthalmodynamometry in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 7293738 TI - [Non-invasive instrumental diagnosis of cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7293739 TI - [Diagnostic importance of computerized tomography in cerebral stroke]. PMID- 7293741 TI - [Medical treatment of acute disorders of cerebral circulation]. PMID- 7293742 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7293743 TI - [The effect of naftidrofuryl on platelet aggregation]. PMID- 7293740 TI - [Problems of resuscitation in stroke]. PMID- 7293744 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of cerebral vasculopathies]. PMID- 7293745 TI - [Surgical treatment of cerebral stroke]. PMID- 7293746 TI - [Endarterectomy of the carotid artery. Criteria for selection of patients and methods of cerebral protection]. PMID- 7293747 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremities, Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 7293748 TI - [Irreducible shoulder dislocation caused by interposition of the rotator cuff. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7293749 TI - [Compression strain in the patello-femoral joint]. PMID- 7293750 TI - [Spiral diaphyseal fracture of the tibia treated with the Watson-Jones method of screw osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7293751 TI - [Logical plan for an intervertebral disk prosthesis. Biomechanical conditions and biomaterials required]. PMID- 7293752 TI - Anterior cervical spine fusion in treatment of cervicobrachialgia. PMID- 7293753 TI - [Calculation of forces transmitted by the intervertebral joints L4-L5 and L5-S1]. PMID- 7293754 TI - [Non use osteoporosis]. PMID- 7293755 TI - [Correction of axial malalignment of the lower limb by diaphyseal femoral displacement in intertrochanteric osteotomy]. PMID- 7293757 TI - The early results of the Bateman single assembly total hip used as a revision prosthesis. PMID- 7293756 TI - [Loosening of total hip prosthesis. Apropos of 65 cases]. PMID- 7293758 TI - [Force exerted on the hip in walking]. PMID- 7293759 TI - [Perinatal septic arthritis of the hip. Diagnosis and treatment of sequelae]. PMID- 7293760 TI - [The tibial component in severe valgus. Its treatment in children]. PMID- 7293761 TI - [The treatment of chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7293762 TI - Tuberculosis of bone. Tuberculous osteomyelitis. PMID- 7293763 TI - [Reconstructive subtotal laryngectomy using sliding epiglottiplasty]. PMID- 7293764 TI - [Chronic atrophic polychondritis. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7293765 TI - [Endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract]. AB - Instruments for endoscopy of the upper airways can be divided in two main categories : rigid and flexible. Rigid endoscopes are of very good quality since the introduction of Hopkins (Storz) and Lumina (Wolf) optics. These exist in several lengths and diameters and with different visual angles. Apart from mere visual observations, small diagnostic and even therapeutic procedures can be carried out under endoscopic control. A flexible scope of small dimensions permits a complete visualisation of the entire nasopharyngolarynx, especially in children. PMID- 7293766 TI - [Labyrinth and diabetes: parallel clinical study in 2 groups of patients with labyrinth disease and diabetes]. PMID- 7293767 TI - [Value of tattooing cancerous lesions of the mouth and oropharynx during surgical intervention after radiotherapy]. AB - The survival rate of patients suffering from malignant epithelial tumours of the oral cavity and oropharynx remains at present discouragingly low. According to various publications which have appeared in the last few years, it would seem that it is possible to achieve improved results in this field by giving radiation therapy of 40-50 Gy prior to radical surgery. With the application of modern techniques in radiotherapeutics, the incidence of serious post-operative complications in areas of tissue previously irradiated is nowadays very slight. Due to the fact that during radiotherapy the neoplasma either reduces in volume or even disappears completely, its limits must be recorded without fail before treatment is begun. Explanation of the therapeutical concept and initial results. PMID- 7293768 TI - [Surgery of the sphenopalatine ganglion in facial pain]. PMID- 7293769 TI - Three theses. PMID- 7293770 TI - [Value of nose cytology as a diagnostic aid]. AB - Chronic and recurrent rhinitis is a very common complaint in ENT practice. For the differential diagnosis we use a battery of investigations including cytological examination of the nasal mucus. It was attempted to establish a correlation between the observable pathology of cellular elements from a nasal smear and the different types of pathologies, i.e.: specific allergic or atopic rhinopathy, nasal polyposis, coryza, and sinusitis. The cell types included in this study are: neutrophils, eosinophils, ciliated columnar cells with and without well preserved cilia and goblet cells. This study included about 500 nasal smears from about 360 patients. A group control patients without nasal complaints was included. The results demonstrated that investigation of local nose secretions is helpful in the differential diagnosis of exudative rhinopathy. PMID- 7293771 TI - [Our experience in endonasal rhino-neuro-microsurgery]. PMID- 7293773 TI - [The position of the microphone in auditory prostheses]. PMID- 7293772 TI - [Comparative study of antroscopy and standard sinus radiography in children]. PMID- 7293774 TI - A radioimmunoassay for the detection of idiotypes in alloantigen reactive mouse sera and in normal mouse sera. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for characterization of the binding between rabbit antiserum and idiotypes in B6 anti-H-2k antisera. It was a double precipitation assay using iodinated F(ab')2 fragments prepared from B6 anti-H-2k antisera as antigen. Suitable absorptions made the non-specific binding very low, and thus this assay was well suited for detecting idiotypes in preparations, that mainly contained other forms of immunoglobulin than the idiotype. That the rabbit antiserum reacted with idiotypes was demonstrated by the use of F(ab')2 fragments in inhibition assays where B6 anti-H-2k and ABY anti-H-2k antisera could be used as effective inhibitors in contrast to B6 anti-H-2q and ABY anti-H-2k antisera. Idiotype was also found in the sera of normal B6 mice and as much as 0.05% of the immunoglobulin molecules expressed the idiotype. The inhibition assay was suitable for quantitation of idiotypes, since ABY anti-H-2k antisera could be used as effective inhibitors in contrast to B6 anti-H-2q and ABY anti-H-2k antisera. Idiotype was also found in the sera of normal B6 mice and as much as 0.05% of the immunoglobulin molecules expressed the idiotype. The inhibition assay was suitable for quantitation of idiotypes, since ABY anti-H-2k antisera could be used as effective inhibitors in contrast to B6 anti-H-2q and ABY anti-H 2k antisera. Idiotype was also found in the sera of normal B6 mice and as much as 0.05% of the immunoglobulin molecules expressed the idiotype. The inhibition assay was suitable for quantitation of idiotypes, since the reproducibility of the assay through a long period was high. PMID- 7293775 TI - Forssman antigen in BK virus-induced tumor cell lines. AB - A complement-mediated microcytotoxicity assay was used to detect Forssman antigen in BK virus (BKV)-induced tumor cells. BKT-1B, a transplantable hamster tumor cell line, contained Forssman antigen as did some other hamster cell lines tested for comparison. A rat embryo cell line transformed by BKV in vitro was negative for Forssman antigen. The presence of forssman antigen in hamster cell lines was confirmed by absorption experiments of rabbit forssman antiserum with the tumor cells, although in quantitative terms the results obtained by the two techniques were somewhat different. Immunization of rabbits with tumor cells also induced production of Forssman antibody; a much weaker response was observed in hamsters and rats. PMID- 7293776 TI - Effect of phenytoin on immunoglobulin concentrations in nasal secretions. AB - Nasal washings from patients receiving phenytoin and from healthy controls were investigated. The concentrations of immunoglobulins and albumin were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Epileptic patients treated with phenytoin had a higher IgA concentration in nasal washings than controls, 174 X 10-3 g/l versus 114 X 10-3 g/l. The IgG concentration was also significantly higher in the phenytoin-treated patients compared to the controls. IgM was detected in nasal washings from 41% of phenytoin-treated patients and from only 11% of the controls. To exclude the effect of exudation of plasma proteins caused by inflammation, the ratio IgA to albumin was calculated and the median of this ratio estimated both for patients and controls. For patients taking phenytoin as their only drug, the median was 1.89 versus 1.23 in the controls. There was no relation between the serum concentration of IgA and the ratio between IgA and albumin concentrations in nasal secretions. However, patients with serum IgA deficiency had low concentrations of IgA in the nasal secretion and a reduced IgA to albumin ratio. PMID- 7293777 TI - Induction of chronic arterial hypertension in rats by repeated transient hypertensive rises in blood pressure. Possible pathogenetic role of delayed hypersensitivity against arteries and arterioles. AB - Repeated transient rises in blood pressure to hypertensive levels were induced by intravenous injections of angiotensin once or twice weekly. This procedure induced chronic arterial hypertension in five of fourteen rats (36%) within 4-6 weeks of starting the injections. Intracutaneous tests using homogenized common carotid arteries and histological examination of the kidneys gave support to the hypothesis that the transient rises in blood pressure to hypertensive levels resulted in a delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) reaction against components in small arteries and arterioles. This DHS reaction seemed to be responsible for an increased permeability of arterial vessels to plasma components causing exudative thickening of the walls of small arteries and arterioles and thereby narrowing of their lumina. When the lumina of small arteries and arterioles are narrowed, peripheral resistance to blood flow increases, and arterial hypertension results. PMID- 7293778 TI - Augmentation of human lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro by pyrimethamine. AB - Thymidine incorporation by human blood mononuclear cells, unstimulated and stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) was studied with and without addition of pyrimethamine. Responses were increased significantly by pyrimethamine in the PWM and PPD stimulated cultures, in the PPD cultures even by concentrations of pyrimethamine, which can be achieved with therapeutic doses of this drug. The closely related compound trimethoprim did not alter PHA-, PWM- and PPD-responses significantly. The possibility of using pyrimethamine--a widely used prophylactic antimalarial--as an immunopotentiator is mentioned. PMID- 7293779 TI - Human adherent mononuclear blood cells: cytolytic and cytostatic activity and characterization of effector cells during in vitro culture. AB - Using a methyl-3H-thymidine release assay, the cytolytic activity of human adherent mononuclear blood cells (AC) against three transformed human tumour cell lines of mesenchymal (U-205), epithelial (NHIK 3025) and hematogenous (K-562) origin was compared to the activity against non-transformed skin fibroblasts (U 2S) and mesothelial cells (meso). Only transformed target cells were affected by the spontaneous cytolytic activity of normal AC tested after 0, 4 or 8 days of in vitro culture. Lymphokine-activated 4-days old AC also preferentially lysed transformed target cells, but low levels of lysis of non-transformed target cells were observed at high effector cell densities. Freshly isolated AC were spontaneously cytostatic to K-562, but not to NHIK 3025 cells, while differentiated AC cultured for 8 days were cytostatic to both cell lines. Lymphocyte-like cells comprised up to 10% of freshly isolated AC, and most of these lymphocytes seemed to be non-T-cells as evaluated by alpha-naphthyl esterase (ANAE) staining. Most of these cells detached during the first 24 h of in vitro culture, and the fraction of AC expressing monocyte markers (diffuse ANAE reactivity, interaction with ox erythrocytes coated with IgG of IgM + complement, interaction with Candida albicans) increased to nearly 100% after 4-8 days of in vitro culture. Thus, the effector cells expressing spontaneous cytolytic activity in this system have monocyte characteristics after 1 day of in vitro culture. However, contribution of adherent non-monocytic cells to the cytotoxicity observed during the first 24 hours of culture can not be ruled out. PMID- 7293780 TI - Cellular and humoral factors in host susceptibility to Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - Cellular and humoral anti-tumour reactivity in strains of mice highly susceptible (C57Bl/6) or less susceptible (C57Cl/6 x DBA/2 = B6D2F1) to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was investigated. Natural killer cell activity in a 51Cr release assay against this tumour could be demonstrated with a good correlation to in vivo susceptibility. This has not been demonstrated earlier for solid, spontaneous tumours. T-cell deficiency (congenital athymic (nude mice)) did not affect the cumulative incidence of tumour take. However, the number of lung metastases was significantly reduced in nude mice. Treatment with antilymphocyte serum (ALS) increased the susceptibility to LLC in both strains. In a soft agar colony assay a marked reduction in the number of colonies was observed when tumour cells were incubated with serum from B6D2F1 mice as compared to serum from C57Bl/6 mice, prior to seeding. Apparently naturally occurring cellular, as well as humoral effector mechanisms are involved in host resistance to Lewis lung carcinoma in the mouse. PMID- 7293782 TI - [Changes in serum HCG-beta levels after Choriogonin treatment]. PMID- 7293781 TI - Normally-occurring precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in human serum and colostrum. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in sera from 263 normal persons and in 10 colostrum samples. A polyspecific protein-A free S. aureus antigen preparation and a corresponding rabbit antiserum constituted the reference system. All the sera contained precipitins against 6-10 S. aureus antigens. One of these was teichoic acid, and the titre of antibodies against cell wall teichoic acid varied from person to person, in contrast to other commonly occurring antibodies. The precipitin score, which expresses the number and titre of precipitins in each serum, increased with age. Colostrum contained 3 precipitins, which were not present in the corresponding maternal sera. PMID- 7293783 TI - [In vitro biopharmaceutical checking of pharmaceutical preparations. I. Comparative testing of some pharmacopoeial extraction instruments with prednisolone tablets]. PMID- 7293784 TI - [Biopharmaceutical testing of suppositories containing salicyclic acid derivatives. I. In vitro membrane diffusion methods]. PMID- 7293785 TI - [Application of spectropolarimetry to pharmaco-analysis. IV. Spectropolarimetric determination of the active ingredient contents of vitamin D-containing oily preparations]. PMID- 7293786 TI - [Quantitative determination of the ratio of 2-aminothiazoline contamination in IXECUR enteric-coated dragees]. PMID- 7293787 TI - [Fractionated sulfur determination in plant samples for indication of air pollution]. PMID- 7293788 TI - The role of endogenous factors in the determination of transaminase and glucose-6 phosphate-dehydrogenase. PMID- 7293789 TI - [Titrimetric determination of p-hydroxybenzyl-isothiocyanate in white mustard]. PMID- 7293790 TI - Reduced fluoride sensitivity of liver cells from rats chronically exposed to fluoride. AB - The fluoride sensitivity, determined as effect on protein synthesis (incorporation of 14C-leucine), of liver and kidney cells in suspension culture was exposed. The cells were freshly prepared by collagenase perfusion from rats given drinking water with or without addition of 100 p.p.m. (5.26 mM) fluoride for 9-28 weeks. The fluoride sensitivity of the liver cells from rats given fluoride sensitivity of the kidney cells from fluoride exposed and control rats appeared similar. Fluoride resistance (i.e. decreased sensitivity) may thus develop also in cells in vivo. When exposed to 3 mM NaF for 1 hour the intracellular concentration of fluoride in liver cells from fluoride exposed and controls animals were similar. PMID- 7293791 TI - Single dose pharmacokinetics of doxepin in healthy volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of orally administered doxepin (50 mg) was studied in 8 healthy volunteers. Doxepin (DOX) and desmethyldoxepin (DDOX) concentrations in serum (or plasma) and red blood cells (RBCs) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Peak serum concentrations of DOX were observed at 1-2 hours and they ranged between 59.1-107.4 nmol/1. DOX disappearance was biphasic with a mean distribution half-life of 2.0 hrs and elimination half-life of 17.9 hrs. The mean total apparent volume of distribution was 22.7 l/kg and plasma clearance 0.93 l/hr/kg. The estimated mean first-pass metabolism of DOX was 71% assuming complete absorption. Peak DDOX concentrations were observed at 1-6 hours and they ranged between 35.0-117.8 nmol/l. DDOX elimination was monophasic with a mean apparent half-life of 28.5 hours. Equilibrium dialysis gave a mean protein binding of 75.5% for DOX and 76.0% for DDOX. A highly time dependent and interindividually variable RBC/plasma concentration ratio was observed for both substances. Initially the plasma concentrations were 3-4 times higher than the respective RBC concentrations, but at later time points more DOX and DDOX could be found from the RBCs than from plasma. The major reason for this seemed to be a slower elimination of both drugs from the erythrocytes than from plasma. PMID- 7293792 TI - Comparison of p-p'-DDE and o-p'-DDE on eggshell thickness and Ca binding activity of shell gland in ducks. AB - One of the main ecotoxicological effects of DDT and its stable metabolite DDE is to reduce the reproductive success in several species of birds by decreasing the thickness of the eggshell. In two different strains of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos var.) addition of 40 mg/kg dry weight of p-p'-DDE to the diet for 45 days produced a significant and long-lasting reduction of the shell thickness, measured as eggshell index. The reduction was more marked in Indian Runner Ducks (IRD; 30 +/- 3%) than in a Swedish X Rouen breed (SR; 10 +/- 2%. The p-p'-DDE residues in the egg yolk + egg white were almost similar in the two strains; 38 +/- 2 and 51 +/- 6 p.p.m. (wet weight) respectively. In the IRD 40 mg/kg of o-p' DDE in the diet for 45 days was much less potent in reducing the eggshell index (8 +/- 3%) than the p-p' isomer; the amount of residue of the o-p' isomer in the eggs (2.2 +/- 0.1 p.p.m.) was also smaller. A homogenate of the shell gland from the SR breed accumulated 45Ca2+ in the presence of ATP. The accumulation was inhibited about 50% by 5 mM sodium azide and 100% by 3 mM mersalyl. p-p'- and o p'-DDE in the incubation medium both reduced the Ca2+ binding, in a similar and dose-dependent manner. The threshold concentration was about 20 p.p.m.; 40 p.p.m. reduced the accumulation by about 40%. DDE may reduce eggshell thickness by inhibiting the Ca binding to the membranes of the cells of the eggshell gland. PMID- 7293793 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of growth and regeneration of the bones]. PMID- 7293794 TI - Distribution of coronary blood flow across the canine left ventricular free wall during reactive hyperemia. AB - In a group of open-chest anesthetized dogs, reactive hyperemia (RH) in epi- and endocardial layers of the myocardium was quantitated by measurements of cumulative excess blood flow (CEBF) In the hyperemic period following occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 10 to 120 s. Blood flow measurements were obtained by means of the local X3-133 washout technique. When ischemia was extended from 10 to 45 s, CEBF increased significantly and uniformly in both layers; with further extension of the ischemia to 60, 90 and 120 s, the increment in CEBF was significantly greater in the endocardial than in the epicardial layer (29, 57 and 64% greater, respectively). In accordance with the concept that CEBF is mainly controlled by metabolic factors, this result supports the hypothesis that the capacity for formation of vasodilatory "metabolites" is greater in the subendocardial tissue. Left ventricular wall was homogeneously perfused in the pre-occlusive period and during maximal vasodilation of the coronary bed. In another group of dogs, maximal vasodilation and abolishment of local autoregulation was ascertained by 30 s of occlusion of LAD. When diastole in the post-occlusion period was shortened by 33%, i.e. from about 37.5 s. min-1 to about 25.5s.min-1 by artificial pacing at 250 min-1, endocardial maximum blood flow amounted to only 43% of that of the corresponding epicardial region, which apparently was not affected by the increased heart rate. PMID- 7293795 TI - Blood flow in "red" and "'white" calf muscles in cats during isometric and isotonic exercise. AB - Muscle blood flow was measured with the radioactive microspheres technique in plantar flexors of seven cats. Right leg performed rhythmic isotonic and left leg sustained isometric contractions. Flows were determined at rest, during stimulation periods, and immediately after 90 sec of high frequency stimulation. During isotonic contraction, flow to m. soleus (a "red muscle") increased progressively as stimulation increased: 0.06 +/- 0.02, 0.21 +/- 0.05, 0.42 +/- 0.12, and 0.26+/- 0.06 ml/min/g during rest, 10 Hz, 50 Hz, and after 50 Hz stimulation frequencies, respectively. Corresponding values for gastrocnemius medialis were 0.06 +/- 0.01, 0.38 +/- 0.05, 0.27 +/- 0.03, and 0.28 +/- 0.06 (x +/- S.E.). These last values were characteristic also for the other "'white" muscles investigated: gastrocnemius lateralis, and plantaris. During sustained isometric exercise at 5 and 25 Hz stimulation frequency the patterns were similar, except that higher flows were observed, and during recovery flows actually increased again in the "white" muscles. Blood pressure did not change. Resting flows were similar in innervated and denervated muscles. These data demonstrate that during isotonic as well as isometric exercise there is an increased resistance to flow with increasing muscle tension in "white" but not in "red" muscles. This supports the notion that a condition of relative ischaemia exists in "white" muscles during both isometric and isotonic contractions which is more pronounced during isometric exercise. The results corroborate previous studies on isometric exercise and suggest that the pattern during isotonic exercise is similar. PMID- 7293796 TI - Effects of apomorphine and haloperidol on plasma cortisol levels in conscious dogs. AB - Cortisol levels were measured in peripheral plasma of conscious dogs after i.v. administration of apomorphine, a dopaminergic agonist, haloperidol, a dopaminergic antagonist, or apomorphine in combination with haloperidol. Apomorphine in a dose of 0.001 and 0.005 mg/kg did not cause any release of cortisol whereas 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg caused a dose dependent and peakshaped increase of plasma cortisol levels from 20 to 30 and from 20 to 60 ng/ml respectively. Basal levels were reached again within 1 h. Haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), when given alone, induced a continuous rise of plasma cortisol levels. After 60 min the levels were approximately 80 ng/ml and still tended to rise. If apomorphine (0.01 mg/kg) was given 30 min after the injection of haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) no further effect of the apomorphine injections was observed. We therefore speculate that apomorphine activates central dopaminergic receptors which cause a release of ACTH from the pituitary into the circulation, which in turn stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenals. The fact that not only apomorphine but also haloperidol stimulated cortisol release suggests a complex role or dopamine transmission involving different dopaminergic pathways as well as different dopamine receptors. It is also possible that injection of haloperidol induces a stress reaction in the dogs, which causes a release of cortisol from the adrenals. PMID- 7293797 TI - Sodium and calcium action potentials in cells derived from a rat medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Primary monolayer cultures were made from a rat medullary thyroid carcinoma. All the cultures produced calcitonin throughout the 4 week experimental period. Two different parenchymal cell types could be distinguished, based on a marked size difference. Only the group of smaller cells was electrically excitable. The membrane potential and resistance of these cells were 55.3 +/- 15.4 mV and 623 +/ 275 M omega (mean +2- S.D., n = 23), and current injections produced regenerative responses in all the cells. All-or-none action potentials were recorded in both normal and Na+-free solution. In Na+-free solution the maximum rate of rise of the action potential was reduced by about 70%, and the action potential was reversibly blocked by D-600. It is concluded that the action potentials have both a Na+ and a Ca2+ component, and circumstantial evidence suggests that our recordings were obtained from the calcitonin-producing cells. PMID- 7293798 TI - Role of adenosine in adipose tissue circulation. AB - The vasodilatory effect of adenosine and some related compounds were studied in subcutaneous adipose tissue in situ. The effects of three drugs that inhibit adenosine elimination; two adenosine uptake blockers, dipyridamole and dilazep, the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, EHNA, were also studied. Plasma levels of adenosine were simultaneously determined by HPLC. Adenosine was a potent vasodilator and 2- and 6-substituted analogues were even more potent. Tissue blood flow was linearly related to the venous plasma concentrations of adenosine. An elevation of adenosine in plasma from 0.25 to 0.5 Mu M enhanced blood flow by approximately 50%. A further increase to 1 mu M was associated with a doubling of adipose tissue blood flow. Adenosine also increased the vascular conductance and the capillary filtration coefficient, indicating that is is active on all sections of the vascular bed. Theophylline and caffeine (30- 100 mu M in arterial plasma) antagonized the vasodilatory effect of exogenous adenosine, abolished vasodilation due to EHNA+dipyridamole and reduced resting blood flow. The results suggest that adenosine plays a physiological role in regulating adipose tissue blood flow. PMID- 7293799 TI - Augmented vasoconstrictor response to changes in vascular transmural pressure in patients with essential arterial hypertension. AB - The vasoconstrictor response to increase in venous transmural pressure in subcutaneous tissue was studied in 9 patients with essential arterial hypertension. Subcutaneous blood flow was measured on the distal part of the forearm and at the lateral malleolus by the local 133Xe washout technique. Increase in venous transmural pressure was obtained by lowering the area under study 40 cm below midaxillary line in the recumbent subject. Average mean arterial pressure +/- 1 S.E. was 133 +/- 6 mmHg. The fractional increase in vascular resistance induced by arteriolar constriction was more pronounced in the hypertensive patients that in a normotensive control group. "Minimal vascular resistance" in the papaverine relaxed vascular bed was higher in the hypertensive patients than in the controls. Distensibility of the papaverine relaxed resistance vessels was diminished in the patients. Follow-up studies after 6-18 months of anti-hypertensive treatment indicate that the vasoconstrictor response as well as "minimal vascular resistance" are normalized, whereas the distensibility of the papaverine relaxed arterioles remained unaltered in the hypertensive patients. The results indicate that the arteriolar smooth muscle cells of hypertensive patients are subjected to reversible hypertrophy whereas the reduced distensibility of the resistance vessels is due to irreversible structural changes. PMID- 7293800 TI - Leg blood flow during exercise in man in relation to muscle fibre composition. AB - Fibre composition in the vastus lateralis muscle, leg blood flow, oxygen uptake and respiratory exchange ratio were determined in 12 healthy male volunteers during submaximal exercise (50% of V02 max). The percentage of slow-twitch fibres varied from 26 to 66. Mean leg blood flow during exercise was 4.68 +/- 0.191.min 1. The blood flow and respiratory exchange ratio correlated positively to the percentage of slow-twitch fibres in the vastus muscles. No correlation was found between the muscle fibre composition and either oxygen uptake heart rate or mechanical efficiency. The results with a dependence of muscle blood flow and carbon dioxide release to muscle fibre composition support the view that the arrangement of the vascular bed and blood supply differ between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibres in humans. PMID- 7293801 TI - Immediate effects of hemorrhage on the hepatic cell membrane potential in the rat. PMID- 7293802 TI - Effects of single injections of nicotine on the ascending dopamine pathways in the rat. Evidence for increases of dopamine turnover in the mesostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine neurons. PMID- 7293803 TI - Lower limits of blood flow autoregulation in different myocardial layers of the left ventricular free wall of dogs. PMID- 7293804 TI - [Derivatives of diamino-1,3,5-triazine. I. Synthesis of some derivatives of 2 amino-4-(5-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrazoline)-1,3,5-triazine with potential hypoglycemic effect]. PMID- 7293805 TI - [Derivatives of diamino-1,3,5-triazine. II. Synthesis of some derivative of 2 amino-4-(5-ethyl-4-methyl-2-pyrazoline)-1,3,5-triazine with potential hypoglycemic effect]. PMID- 7293806 TI - [Determination of organochlorine insecticide content in tinctures and dry extracts]. PMID- 7293807 TI - [Spectrophotometric method of determination of carboxypeptidase activity]. PMID- 7293808 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) in the body of pregnant rats]. PMID- 7293809 TI - Clopentixol decanoate in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. AB - The treatment of alcoholism still presents great problems because a number of factors have to be taken into consideration. Tranquilizers and chlormethiazol are only justified in the detoxication phase. For the subsequent after-care, depot neuroleptics are recommended because of the uniformly high plasma level. We gave clopentixol decanoate - 100 mg i.m. - in two-weekly intervals. The symptoms caused by ethylism were adequately overcome without side effects. Clopentixol decanoate creates the basis for successful psychotherapy: only when the mood situation is compensated and the internal unrest overcome can verbal therapy be successful. PMID- 7293810 TI - Laparotomy wound disruption. An avoidable technical failure. PMID- 7293811 TI - [Fine-needle aspiration cytology of breast lesions]. PMID- 7293812 TI - [Pilot studies on the growth of individuals of the male sex (9-17 years old). II. Skinfold thickness]. PMID- 7293813 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in diabetics. PMID- 7293814 TI - [Ascites in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7293815 TI - [Intracranial abscesses]. PMID- 7293816 TI - [Porphyria variegata]. PMID- 7293817 TI - [Diagnosis of neuroses and related states in polyclinic practice]. PMID- 7293818 TI - [Modern medicine and the "curandero"]. PMID- 7293819 TI - Studies on kidney function in subjects exposed to organic solvents. III. Excretion of cells in the urine. AB - The excretion of erythrocytes and leucocytes in the urine from 101 men professionally exposed to styrene or toluene or to a combination of xylene and toluene was compared with the cell excretion in the urine from 39 non-exposed controls. The men exposed to organic solvents excreted significantly more cells than the controls. The findings are in agreement with the present discussion regarding the role of organic solvents in glomerular disease. PMID- 7293820 TI - Sulfadimidine acetylation in Norwegians. Comparison of sulfadimidine metabolism in Lapps, North Norwegians and South Norwegians. AB - The acetylation of sulfadimidine was studied in 152 healthy volunteers (29 Lapps, 73 Norwegians and 50 South Norwegians) by means of fraction acetylated sulfadimidine and drug half-life. The distribution of rapid acetylators was different among Lapps (72%) and South Norwegians (44%) (p less than 0.01). The North Norwegians resembled the South Norwegians, but some regional approach to the Lappish pattern was found. Great interindividual differences in the half lives were demonstrated. The mean half-life (+/- S.E.M.) was 384 +/- 17 min in slow acetylators and 148 +/- 8 min in rapid acetylators. Among participants with half-lives of sulfadimidine less than 420 min and intraindividual correlation with fraction acetylated sulfadimidine was found. The distribution of fraction acetylated sulfadimidine was bimodal while the distribution of half-lives was suggested to be trimodal. PMID- 7293821 TI - Synthesis of collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans by normal and scleroderma fibroblasts in culture, with and without addition of cyclofenil. AB - The influence of the synthetic weak estrogen cyclofenil was studied in vitro on skin fibroblasts from scleroderma patients, normals, and human embryos. The drug had no effect on the synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans or collagen. Collagen synthesis was lower in scleroderma fibroblasts than in normal cells, whereas there was no difference in sulfated glycosaminoglycans synthesis. PMID- 7293822 TI - Diagnostic value of total and differential leukocyte counts in pleural effusions. AB - Total and differential leukocyte counts in pleural fluid were determined prospectively in 140 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic thoracentesis. The total number of leukocytes was higher in exudates than in transudates. Lymphocytes predominated overwhelmingly (more than 80% of all leukocytes) in 29 of the 31 effusions with verified or probable tuberculous etiology and in 18 of the 24 with malignant etiology, as well as in 20 exudative pleural effusions of other causes. The significant differences in the percentage of lymphocyte distinguished tuberculous effusions from parapneumonic (p less than 0.001), nonspecific (p less than 0.001) and rheumatoid effusions (p less than 0.005), as well as from effusions caused by undefined connective tissue disease (p less than 0.001). Eosinophilia (more than 10%) of the pleural fluid was not present in any patient with proven tuberculosis and in only one patient with malignant effusion (malignant mesothelioma) but did occur in 12 of the 26 patients with nonspecific effusion. These results show that a great lymphocytic predominance is characteristic particularly of tuberculous but also of malignant pleural effusions, although this predominance cannot be regarded as disease-specific. Eosinophilia of the pleural fluid--usually a nonspecific sign--indicates nontuberculous, nonmalignant etiology. PMID- 7293823 TI - Convulsions and possible spasm of the lower oesophageal sphincter in a fatal case of propranolol intoxication. AB - A fatal case of propranolol intoxication is described. The patient had ingested 3 5 g of the drug and probably no other drugs. Gastric lavage could not be performed due to some kind of obstruction in the distal part of the oesophagus. At autopsy, the oesophagus was normal, and a spasm due to B-blockade is suggested. Epileptiform seizures resistant to treatment with diazepam and barbiturates were frequent and probably not solely caused by cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 7293824 TI - Community screening for glucose intolerance in middle-aged Icelandic men. Deterioration to diabetes over a period of 71/2 years. AB - A number of 2203 middle-aged Icelandic men (aged 34-61 years) participated in a health survey in Reykjavik in 1967-68. Blood glucose in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed a unimodal distribution with a slight skewness towards higher values. A positive age gradient was established, which showed an increment of about 7 mg/dl per decade in capillary blood sugar values at 11/2 hours after a 50 g oral glucose load. The age gradient was mostly independent of age-related changes in body weight. A 71/2 year followup of the eligible participants (response rate 80%) showed an overall 1% incidence of metabolic deterioration to "overt diabetes" during this period. Those with positive screening tests (50 g OFTT) at baseline were at greater risk of developing diabetes, but the incidence of deterioration in this group was low, about 1% per year. The progression to diabetes was significantly related to body weight at baseline, suggesting that weight reduction might be beneficial in individuals showing impaired glucose tolerance at medical examination. This study, however, lends support to recent reports showing that mildly impaired glucose tolerance cannot be equated with early diabetes. PMID- 7293825 TI - Familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. Report of a fourth family from northwestern Norway. AB - The tenth Norwegian patient with familial LCAT deficiency is reported. Her family lives in the same area as the three previously reported Norwegian families. The patient is a 26-year-old female with typical findings of the disease--proteinuria and corneal opacities. Total cholesterol was normal, but the main part was present in the free form. Triglycerides were slightly elevated. Kidney function was normal. A large molecular weight fraction of LDL was present in plasma. PMID- 7293826 TI - Thyroid disease and high concentration of serum thyrotrophin in a population sample of women. A 4-year follow-up. AB - In a population study in Goteborg, Sweden, comprising women in the age strata 44, 52, 56, 60 and 66 years, serum thyrotrophin (S-TSH) was determined in 283 women representative of the general population of women of these ages. No women with previously unknown hypothyroidism were found at the clinical examination; 47 (3.7%) were on thyroxine treatment, 9 (0.7%) because of spontaneous hypothyroidism. Sixteen women (1.2%) had markedly elevated S-TSH concentration (less than 14 mU/l). They were studied further by determination of thyroid hormones and circulating antithyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies, and those with goiter were subjected to fine-needle biopsy of the thyroid gland. They were furthermore followed for four years. Four euthyroid women were given thyroxine because of goiter and abnormal laboratory test results. Of nine individuals with high S-TSH concentration as well as high titers of thyroid antibodies and/or biopsy evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis, seven became hypothyroid within the four years of follow-up. The other two women had consistently elevated basal S-TSH concentration and exaggerated S-TSH response after thyroliberin administration. We conclude that the majority of individuals without previously recognized thyroid disease who have S-TSH concentration above 14 mU/l with the assay used will require thyroxine therapy within a few years. In one woman, however, with multinodular colloid goiter and high titer of antimicrosomal antibodies, the basal S-TSH concentration decreased during follow up to a high normal value; the S-TSH response to thyroliberin was high borderline. She remained euthyroid during follow-up. The results suggest an annual incidence of spontaneous hypothyroidism of 1-2 cases per 1000 middle-aged females in Swedish west-coast population. PMID- 7293827 TI - Prognosis in cardiac pacing. A comparison between patients with atrioventricular block and sick sinus syndrome. AB - The prognosis of 64 patients with atrioventricular (AV) block among 128 consecutive patients, 65 males and 63 females, treated with permanent pacemakers, was compared with that of 56 patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) during a mean observation period of 32.5 months. A poor survival rate was found in patients with known coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to those with isolated conduction defect (ICD). Among patients with CHD, a higher mortality was found in patients with AV block than in those with SSS (58 vs. 24%). Likewise, among patients with ICD the mortality in AV block was higher than in SSS (31 vs. 15%). Regression analysis showed a mortality excess in AV block vs. SSS (p=0.02), males vs. females (p=0.04). The mortality excess in patients with CHD vs. ICD was significant (p=0.01). It is concluded that the increased mortality rate in patients with AV block is related to widespread myocardial damage, this being especially pronounced in patients with CHD. PMID- 7293828 TI - Natural history of cornary artery disease studied by coronary arteriography. A seven-year study of 795 patients. AB - Seven hundred and ninety-five consecutive patients with the diagnosis of angina pectoris were studied by coronary angiography and followed for 2-7 years. The prognosis is greatly determined by the extent of coronary artery involvement. Concomitant mitral insufficiency or ventricular aneurysm influence the prognosis adversely. There was no significant difference in prognosis between men and women. As regards patients with three-vessel disease and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, the prognosis was better in operated than in non-operated patients. The prognosis seems to have improved when angina pectoris materials collected in the 70s are compared with materials from the 60s. PMID- 7293829 TI - Genetic heterogeneity in autoimmune polyglandular failure. AB - Five cases with candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome are presented. They are clustered in three distantly related families with two pairs or affected sibs and one single case. All cases have idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, four have Addison's disease while chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis has appeared in three cases. The mode of presentation argues for an autosomal recessive inheritance. Varying degrees of defective cellular mediated immunity were found. HLA typings revealed no evidence for HLA linkage. These findings discriminate the syndrome as a distinct entity compared to other forms of autoimmune polyglandular failure with HLA-linked familial tendency. PMID- 7293830 TI - QT interval in relation to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in postmyocardial infarction patients. AB - Ninety-one consecutive patients below the age of 70 years were subjected to a 60 second resting ECG and 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring two weeks and one, three and six months after an acute myocardial infarction. The corrected QT (QTc) interval decreased from the late hospital phase to the investigations three and six months after the infarction (p less than 0.01, less than 0.05). ECG monitorings showing complicated ventricular ectopic beats (multiform, repetitive, R-on-T) were associated with an insignificantly longer QTc than other recordings. Eleven patients suffered a sudden cardiac death during a median follow-up period of 24 months (range 22-27). The QTc intervals in patients who died suddenly were insignificantly longer than in the survivors. Only four patients, who all survived, had a constantly prolonged QTc. After exclusion of tracings during quinidine therapy, a QTc longer than 440 msec was found in 7 (23%) of 31 recordings from patients who suffered a sudden cardiac death compared to 29 (10%) of 287 recordings from the survivors (p less than 0.05). A combination of complicated ventricular ectopic beats and a QT longer than 440 msec was demonstrated in 5 (16%) of 31 and 14 (5%) of 287 recordings from the two groups of patients (p less than 0.05). A trend towards longer QTc intervals was observed in patients with complicated ventricular arrhythmias and in those who died suddenly, but no well defined high-risk groups could be identified. PMID- 7293831 TI - Health consequences of giving up smoking in a prospective population study of middle-aged Swedish men. AB - The effect when persons quit smoking was studied in a prospective study of 855 50 year old men randomly selected from the general population of Gothenburg, Sweden. These men have been followed since 1963. For this report, data from the first ten years of follow-up were used. The survivors from this period were divided into three groups: those who had never smoked, those who were smokers at the first examination but not since (ex-smokers), and those who were smokers at all three examinations. Compared to ex-smokers, the smokers had a steeper decrease of bronchial peak flow, more days of sick leave, more complaints and poorer self assessed life situation score. After adjusting for possible confounding factors and differences in morbidity prevalence between the groups at the start of the study, the smokers still had a more unfavorable health course than the ex smokers. PMID- 7293832 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate recordings at home and at the clinic. Evidence for increased cardiovascular reactivity in young men with mild blood pressure elevation. AB - In 41 apparently healthy men, aged 22-25 years, with mild blood pressure elevation (MBPE) and 19 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls (MC), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) readings at the clinic were compared to self determined morning and afternoon values at home. The criteria for inclusion in the MBPE group were auscultatory BP less than 150 mmHg systolic and/or less than 90 mmHg diastolic at the military enlistment center from which the subjects were recruited, and systolic BP less than 140 mmHg on two subsequent occasions at the clinic. The BPs of the controls, who were mainly recruited from the same center, did not exceed 130/80 mmHg either at the enlistment center or at the clinic. The magnitude of the difference in systolic BP between home and clinic readings in the MBPE group (+15.3 mmHg) differed significantly from that in the NC group (+1.8 mmHg) (p less than 0.001). In both groups the systolic BP increased slightly but significantly during the day and was higher at home in the afternoon than in the morning. HR showed the same type of variation as BP in both groups with higher values at the clinic. The rise tended to be more pronounced (p less than 0.1) in patients with MBPE. Surprisingly, resting HR at home in the morning was significantly lower in the MBPE than in the NC group. Normokinetic and hyperkinetic subgroups of patients with MBPE did not differ from each other with respect to the variations in HR and BP studied. PMID- 7293833 TI - Plasma cortisol concentrations after oral substitution of cortisone in the fasting and non-fasting state. AB - Nine corticosteroid-substituted patients received oral cortisone acetate in the fasting state and together with a breakfast meal. Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined before, after 30 min, and at 1-hour intervals until 6 hours after drug ingestion. There were great interindividual variations in the time to peak values (tmax), the peak concentrations (Cmax), and the areas under the time concentration curves (AUC0--6h). The AUC and Cmax values were significantly increased when cortisone tablets were ingested with food compared to the values obtained in the fasting state (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively), whereas tmax values were not significantly different. The differences were minor and probably without clinical implications. PMID- 7293835 TI - Significant and persistent reduction of serum lipids in asymptomatic men. PMID- 7293834 TI - Circadian plasma citrate rhythms in juvenile diabetics. AB - Postabsorptive plasma concentrations of citrate, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA), ketone bodies and free insulin were measured once weekly for 5 weeks in 18 male juvenile diabetics. The circadian rhythms of the same substances were followed in 12 male diabetics. In 8 of them, daily rhythms were measured twice, before and after plasma glucose was lowered by increasing insulin doses. In the postabsorptive state, the mean plasma citrate concentration of the diabetics, 117 mumol/l (range 65--160), did not differ from that of non-diabetics despite two- to threefold higher levels of plasma glucose, FFA and ketone bodies in diabetics. Daily plasma citrate profile in diabetics showed peak concentrations in the morning and late afternoon. Citrate level throughout the day fell after increased insulin administration, whereas the diurnal pattern remained unchanged. Both the week-to-week coefficient of variation (mean 10%) and the diurnal coefficient of variation (mean 17%) of plasma citrate were below those of any other substances measured (p less than 0.001). Postabsorptive citrate concentration correlated negatively to the diurnal variation of plasma glucose whether diabetic control was apparently good or poor. The results support the idea that plasma citrate level reflects intracellular citrate regulation of glucose utilization. In spite of an interindividual range of 100%, individual citrate level was remarkably constant. Postabsorptive plasma citrate concentration is proposed as a control marker of lability of circulating glucose in insulin-treated diabetics. PMID- 7293836 TI - Endoscopic polypectomy in the gastrointestinal tract. AB - The results of 160 consecutive fibre-optic endoscopic polypectomies in the gastrointestinal tract are reviewed. Of 22 polyps snared in the upper digestive tract, 16 could be retrieved. One gastric polyp showed early intramucosal carcinoma. Biopsies from a pedunculated duodenal polyp, which was lost after snaring, revealed adenoma with moderate atypia. Of 138 resected colonic polyps, 132 were retrieved. Of these, 104 (79%) were adenomas. Of 49 colonic adenomas smaller than 10 mm, 4 (8%) showed severe atypia (carcinoma in situ) but not invasive carcinoma. Of 36 adenomas sized 10--19 mm 8 (22%) showed severe atypia and one (3%) invasive carcinoma. Of 19 adenomas larger than 60 mm, 6 (32%) showed severe atypia and one (5%) invasive carcinoma. Of the colonic polyp patients, 87% had only one or two polyps. Synchronous adenomas and non-neoplastic polyps were found in 6 of 11 cases with 3 or more colonic polyps. It is concluded that endoscopic polypectomy, carefully and properly performed, is a valuable and promising procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the large bowel. PMID- 7293837 TI - Characteristics of atrioventricular conduction disturbances in ankylosing spondylitis (Mb. Bechterew). AB - Atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances in 30 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (Mb. Bechterew) have been examined. Nine patients had AV block I with intermittent AV block II (Wenckebach block), 3 had complete heart block, 1 patient had atrial fibrillation and another had intermittent sinoatrial (SA) block. Thus, 14 (48%) patients had conduction defects. Electrophysiological investigations in 5 patients with AV block and in 1 patient with SA block revealed that the site of the block was proximal to the bundle of His. Two additional patients had prolonged sinus node recovery time implying dysfunction of the sinus node. An association between aortic valvular insufficiency and conduction disturbances was found, but AV block occurred also in patients without signs of valvular regurgitation. Four patients were treated with a permanent pacemaker and 5 with a temporary pacemaker in connection with aortic valvular surgery. PMID- 7293838 TI - Relation between arrhythmic sensations, cardiac arrhythmias and psychological profile. AB - The relation between arrhythmic sensations and objective findings of ectopic arrhythmic activity was studied in 150 middle-aged men. Objective arrhythmias were studied by 24-hour Holter monitoring and subjective symptoms assessed by a questionnaire and a dairy protocol during the ECG recording. Psychological characteristics were described by means of a personality inventory, the Emotions Profile Index. No direct relationship was found between subjective symptoms and objective findings of cardiac arrhythmias. Those men, however, who complained of arrhythmic sensations but had no clinically important arrhythmias exhibited a few specific characteristics. They had no signs of organic heart disease and appeared less trustful and more aggressive than those with arrhythmias. PMID- 7293839 TI - Acute hemodynamic and long-term clinical effects of prazosin in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. AB - The effect of prazosin in congestive heart failure was assessed in 10 patients (age 39--69) years) with ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy in functional class II-IV (NYHA). All patients were treated with digitalis and diuretics in optimal doses. Mean (+/- S.E.M.) cardiac index (CI) was 2.2 +/- 0.2 l/min/m2 before and 2.3 +/- 0.1 one hour after oral administration of 2--4 mg prazosin (given as tablets) (p less than 0.10). Mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PWP) fell from 24 +/- 4 to 20 +/- 4 mmHg (p greater than 0.10). Prazosin seemed to have a more beneficial effect on patients with markedly elevated PWP or reduced CI before prazosin administration. The effect of prazosin on heart rate and systolic blood pressure was insignificant. During a follow-up period of 1--20 months (mean 7.3), 2 of 7 patients treated with prazosin (2--4 mg daily) improved their clinical condition, one patient was unchanged and 4 patients died in progressive cardiac failure. The results indicate that some patients with severe heart failure may benefit from prazosin when conventional treatment has failed. PMID- 7293840 TI - Hypertension in the elderly. Hypertension seminars at Ostra Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. AB - A review on the effects of ageing on cardiovascular function, with special reference to high blood pressure (BP), is given in this seminar. In most western populations the diastolic and especially the systolic BP increases with age in both sexes and this has been observed both in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Over the age of 60 the diastolic BP decreases. Of the different risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, only BP has been shown consistently to be an independent risk indicator in subjects 70 years or older. Hypotensive drugs used in the treatment of middle-aged hypertensive patients can also reduce the BP in elderly hypertensive patients can also reduce the BP in elderly hypertensive patients but are likely to produce more adverse reactions such as electrolyte disturbances and glucose intolerance by thiazides, depression by reserpine, orthostatic hypotension by methyldopa and excessive bradycardia by beta-blockers. A prolongation of life expectancy in hypertensive patients 60 years or older by hypotensive drug therapy has not been shown conclusively in controlled trials. PMID- 7293841 TI - Motor neuron disease in association with bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 7293842 TI - Pancreatic encephalopathy. A case report with multifocal neurological signs. PMID- 7293843 TI - The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: implications for treatment. PMID- 7293844 TI - Application of some physical indicators of cigarette smoking. PMID- 7293845 TI - Expectations and substance abuse: does basic research benefit clinical assessment and therapy? PMID- 7293846 TI - Social modeling as a determinant of drinking behavior: implications for prevention and treatment. PMID- 7293847 TI - Contingency management approaches to drug self-administration and drug abuse: efficacy and limitations. PMID- 7293848 TI - Relevance of brain dysfunction to treatment objectives: should alcohol-related cognitive deficits influence the way we think about treatment. PMID- 7293850 TI - Gonorrhea in adolescence: its impact and consequences. PMID- 7293849 TI - How adolescents cope with the problems of early motherhood. AB - The purpose of this study was to measure the coping responses used by adolescent mothers (N = 64), to determine variables related to their choice of responses, and to examine the relationship between coping responses and emotional stress. Indepth interviews were used to measure the problems faced by adolescent mothers, their choice of coping response and the relationship between coping style and stress, support and personality characteristics (self-esteem and sense of control). The results showed that the adolescent mothers' major coping response was to ask others for assistance. This response was most common when the young mothers were faced with task-oriented problems. Interpersonal problems tended to elicit avoidance as a coping response, while conflicts with institutions elicited a range of responses. Direct action coping responses were related to higher self esteem, more active support systems and lower levels of emotional stress. The results are interpreted to indicate the importance of support systems which help young mothers deal with their daily problems. PMID- 7293852 TI - Identity crisis in adolescence. PMID- 7293853 TI - Hyperactivity and hyperkinesis: another perspective. PMID- 7293851 TI - Subsequent pregnancy among adolescent mothers. PMID- 7293856 TI - [Causative bacteria of recent external infections of the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293855 TI - Relationship therapy for troubled boys: guidelines for volunteers. PMID- 7293854 TI - A study of therapy of homosexual adolescent drug users in a residential treatment setting. PMID- 7293857 TI - [The release of GABA from isolated rat retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293858 TI - [The results of intraocular lens implantation. Report 7. Long-term follow-up study of the relationship between anterior segment fluorescein angiography and cystoid macular edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293860 TI - [Retrovitreal pressure during ophthalmic surgery. An experimental study on the rabbit eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293861 TI - [Fungal flora of the conjunctival sac(author's transl)]. PMID- 7293859 TI - [Analysis of specular photomicrography with a computerized digitizer and an image analyzer(author's transl)]. PMID- 7293862 TI - [Acute optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293863 TI - [Experimental study of the optic nerve injury -VECPs with focal stimulation under the condition of Maxwellian view system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293864 TI - [Electrophysiological studies on the effect of aminoadipic acid on the rabbit retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293866 TI - [Study on the lens development in rat embryo. Scanning electron microscopic observation and X-ray microanalysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293865 TI - [Studies on the VECP of TV pattern reversal: digital analysis of the VECP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293867 TI - [Photostress recovery test. 5. Prolongation of photostress recovery time in glaucoma patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293868 TI - [Quantitative measurement of stereopsis by liquid crystal phase difference haploscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7293869 TI - [Vitamin prophylaxis for immature infant anemia (author's transl)]. AB - The cause of the Premature Infant Anemia (PIA) is mainly an insufficient erythropoiesis, a shorter mean-life of the red cells and in increased hemolysis. On these basis of prophylaxis has been attempted by treating newborns with folic acid, alpha-tocopherol and vitamins B1, B2, B6 and C. 208 premature babies have been treated (birth weight higher than 1750 nr. 171; birth weight less than 1750 nr. 37). Several parameters have been evaluated: weight gain, erythrocyte and reticulocyte count, jaundice occurrence and number of transfusions needed. The results on the blood parameters was good for the small babies group and sufficient for the others. Differences have been observed between the two groups for the occurrence of jaundice and transfusions. PMID- 7293870 TI - [Effect of vitamin B6 on some immune responses in chronic uremia (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with chronic uremia undergoing periodic haemodialysis were found to have low levels of vitamin B6 (12 out of 18 patients). The same subjects also showed a reduction of the immunocompetence. The AA. report that the administration of pyridoxine (100 mg/die for 4 weeks) can induce a normalization of the vitamin levels and of some immunological parameters. PMID- 7293871 TI - Thiamin transport by rat small intestine "in vitro": influence of endogenous thiamin content of jejunal tissue. AB - The relationship between thiamin intestinal transport and phosphorylation in vitro was investigated using everted jejunal sacs from normal rats, rats affected with dietary thiamin deficiency at different degrees and relative pair-fed controls; recovered rats, i.e. severely thiamin-deficient animals, 6 hours after the intravenous injection of 1 mg of thiamin chloride/100 g body weight. The sacs were incubated at 37 degrees for 30 min with 0.2 microM 14C-labeled thiamin. During incubation, the endogenous phosphorylated thiamin undergoes a dephosphorylation, which is lowest in thiamin deficient rats. The jejunal sacs from all experimental groups take up and phosphorylate labeled thiamin: the rate is inversely proportional to the endogenous cellular content of phosphorylated thiamin. The net transport of labeled thiamin is enhanced in thiamin-deficient rats. The labeled thiamin net transport after incubation is linearly related to the labeled phosphorylated thiamin content of intestinal tissue. Thiamin repletion of severely thiamin-deficient rats restore the normal levels of endogenous free and phosphorylated thiamin in the intestinal within 6 hours. In addition after incubation, the labeled phosphorylated thiamin content reverts to the levels of the control, while thiamin net transport remains high. PMID- 7293873 TI - Combined therapy with ascorbic acid and calcitonin for the relief of bone pain in Paget's disease. AB - In a short trial, 24 patients with Paget's disease of the bone were treated for 2 weeks with either ascorbic acid and calcitonin in combination, or with calcitonin alone. Pain relief was then assessed subjectively by the patients and classified as nil, some, or a marked reduction in pain. There were 11 patients in the group on combined therapy and 73% of them experienced pain relief, compared with 85% of the 13 patients in the group on calcitonin alone. In the patients who experienced pain relief, however, 62% of those on the ascorbic acid and calcitonin combination claimed a marked relief of pain compared with only 36% of the patients who responded to calcitonin alone. These results indicate that when calcitonin and ascorbic acid are used in combination they may provide an increase in the extent of pain relief, but do not increase the total proportion of patients actually obtaining relief. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion was reduced in the calcitonin treated group, but there was little change in the patients on the combined therapy. PMID- 7293872 TI - Ovarian and uterine lipids of rats administered excess vitamin A. AB - The effect of administering 33 mg retinol either alone or with 10 mg ascorbic acid for two days on neutral lipids and phospholipids of ovary and uterus and on the incorporation of acetate-1-14C and NaH232PO4 into the lipids has been studied. Vitamin A reduced ovary and uterus weight. Ascorbic acid prevented the weight decrease only in ovary. Vitamin A increased total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine in ovary but in uterus all the neutral lipids were increased and phospholipids decreased. Vitamin C administration did not affect vitamin A induced changes in phospholipids. Both the cholesterogenesis and lipogenesis from acetate-1-14C was increased in ovary and uterus of rats given vitamin A. Incorporation of NaH232PO4 was increased in phosphatidyl choline of ovary and uterus of rats given vitamin A. PMID- 7293875 TI - [Factors influencing the house dust mite population IV. Altitude]. AB - A study has been carried out on house-dust mites present in the buildings of 3 towns in Catalunya (Spain), with different altitudes: Reus (altitude, 76 m); L'Ametlla (altitude, 321 m); and Puigcerda (altitude, 1.202 m). The period studied was between october, 1975 and september 1976. From this study, a negative correlation has been observed between the number of mites in house dust and the altitude of the town. This supports the results obtained by other authors. The decrease in the number of mites with increases in altitude is due to a decrease in the number of mites belonging to the Pyroglyphidae family. This family was present in all samples of house-dust studied, and generally in a greater number than other groups of mites. Of the three species of Pyroglyphidae more frequently present in house dust (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei), D. pternyssinus was the most abundant as well as the most affected variations of R.H and temperature resulting from the variations of the altitude. D. farinae and E. maynei were found in low levels suggesting inadequate conditions of temperature and R.H. in the houses studied. Even if E. maynei was the most abundant species in Puigcerda, this is due more to the decreased incidence of D. pteronyssinus than to an increase in the number of E. maynei. PMID- 7293874 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity in patients with kala-azar. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity by intracutaneous tests with leishmanin, tuberculin, trichophytin, oidiomycin, as well as sensitization with DNCB were assessed in ten patients with kala-azar. There was a significant depression of delayed hypersensitivity to leishmanin (Montenegro reaction) during the active phase of the disease. The response to ubiquitous microbial antigens and DNCB were also depressed as compared to controls. PMID- 7293878 TI - Hearing-impaired populations: optimizing the use of vision in academic, career, and communication program planning. PMID- 7293877 TI - [Efficacy of an injectable preparation of paramethasone acetate and phosphate in seasonal allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 7293876 TI - [IgE values in nasal mucus in the diagnosis of perennial allergic rhinitis]. AB - Perennial rhinitis may be caused by an allergic response or by the vasomotor reaction to cholinergic hyperactivity. The differential diagnosis of these etiologic forms poses a difficult problem for the clinicians. The pathophysiology of rhinitis is characterized by vascular ingurgitation and mucous edema, phenomena which may result from such diverse etiologic factors as cholinergic hyperactivity and allergy. In our study, we will evaluate total IgE levels in nasal secretions, irrespective of serum of local origin. Fifty-four patients suffering from perennial rhinitis, aged between 7 and 63 years, were studied. Fourteen presented vasomotor rhinitis, while the remaining 40 were affected with the IgE-dependent form. The following tests were done: blood eosinophil count, mucous eosinophyl count, serum IgE (PRIST), cutaneous tests with house dust, acarus and fungal antigens and nasal provocation tests. IgE levels in mucous were also evaluated. The following results were obtained: 1. No significant differences were found in blood eosinophil counts between the groups studied. 2. No significant differences were found in serum IgE levels between the groups studied. 3. Significant differences were found (P less than 0.001) in the levels of eosinophils in mucous among the groups studied. 4. Mucous IgE levels are significantly greater in the allergic form than in the vasomotor form of rhinitis. The level of IgE in mucous serves as a useful but not pathognomic parameters in the differential diagnosis of the different etiologic forms of rhinitis. As such it should be considered within the context of all clinical and analytic data before a conclusive diagnosis is made. PMID- 7293879 TI - Identification and follow-up of visual impairments in hearing-impaired populations. PMID- 7293880 TI - Assessment and use of vision: critical needs of hearing-impaired students. PMID- 7293881 TI - Rationale and strategies for planning communication individualized education programs (CIEP) for deaf students. PMID- 7293882 TI - Symposium on research and utilization of educational media for teaching the deaf. Hearing-impaired learner with special needs. PMID- 7293884 TI - Reaching for that golden ring: some thoughts on educating gifted/talented handicapped students. PMID- 7293883 TI - The hearing-impaired learner with special needs: introduction. PMID- 7293885 TI - How the use of media will develop the "gift of gab" in gifted hearing-impaired students. PMID- 7293886 TI - Media and instructional techniques for Usher's syndrome. PMID- 7293887 TI - Video-counseling for multi-handicapped hearing-impaired students. PMID- 7293888 TI - School-wide talented and gifted program for the deaf. PMID- 7293890 TI - Conflict resolution training program: problem solving strategies for hearing impaired students with behavior problems. PMID- 7293889 TI - Use of educational media in preparing "gifted" hearing-impaired children for early mainstreaming. PMID- 7293891 TI - The gifted hearing-impaired student. PMID- 7293892 TI - Hearing-impaired learner with special needs: the deaf-blind. PMID- 7293893 TI - Use of media in teaching the hearing-impaired student who has additional learning problems. PMID- 7293894 TI - The acquisition of creative thought processes via the study of creative people. PMID- 7293895 TI - A deaf-blind resource room. PMID- 7293896 TI - Creating instructional media to meet the needs of preschool hearing-impaired children with developmental disabilities. PMID- 7293898 TI - Utilization of technology in the education of the deaf-blind. PMID- 7293897 TI - Dormitory language project. PMID- 7293899 TI - Media design for the gifted hearing impaired. PMID- 7293900 TI - Deaf-blind computer training program at Ohlone Community College. PMID- 7293902 TI - Lens curve instructional media. PMID- 7293901 TI - Facilitating readiness skills and early communication in developmentally delayed deaf students. PMID- 7293903 TI - Television program + script = high motivation in vocabulary and English. PMID- 7293904 TI - Media development project for the hearing impaired: project update. PMID- 7293906 TI - The angry patient. PMID- 7293905 TI - Hearing-impaired learner with special needs: summary. PMID- 7293907 TI - Understanding pulmonary function tests. AB - Lung volume measurements include vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume, functional residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity and tidal volume. Minute ventilation and forced vital capacity help to determine the patient's ability to move air. Other tests measure parameters such as diffusion across the alveolocapillary membrane and gas distribution. Combined with blood gas measurements, these tests are invaluable in the study of dyspneic patients and patients undergoing major surgery, in monitoring of pulmonary disease and in selection of therapy. PMID- 7293908 TI - Metabolic effects of chloride-deficient formula. AB - A seven-month-old infant presented with failure to thrive and hypochloremic alkalosis due to intake of chloride-deficiency formula. The metabolic changes were associated with hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism. Within one month of supplementation with a formula adequate in chloride content, the patient started to gain weight. Five months after adequate chloride intake, all metabolic parameters including plasma renin and plasma aldosterone were normal. PMID- 7293909 TI - Dercum's disease: adiposis dolorosa. PMID- 7293910 TI - Schirmer's test of lacrimation. AB - Schirmer's test is a simple, semiquantitative test of tear production. It is based on the physical tendency of a fluid to travel along a strip of porous material by capillary action due to surface tension. Sterile strips, standardized and prepackaged, are available from local scientific supply houses. The low cost and simplicity of this test make it useful in confirming the diagnosis of diseases involving decreased lacrimal secretion. PMID- 7293911 TI - Preventing traveler's diarrhea. PMID- 7293912 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 7293913 TI - Recognizing and treating organic mental disorders. AB - Patients with organic mental disorders are frequently encountered by the family physician. Diagnosis is based on the recognition of cardinal signs and symptoms, an appreciation of the current classification for organic mental disorders and thorough physical and laboratory examination. While treatment should be aimed at correcting the underlying etiology of an organic mental disorder, useful guidelines for psychologic and psychopharmacologic intervention are available. PMID- 7293914 TI - Use of the pneumococcal vaccine. AB - High-risk patients who should receive the pneumococcal vaccine include asplenic patients, those with sickle cell anemia, nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure, pulmonary or renal disease, insulin-dependent diabetics, alcoholics with cirrhosis and immunocompromised patients. The vaccine should not be used in children under two years of age. It is safe, relatively inexpensive and effective when antibody response can be generated. PMID- 7293915 TI - Treatment of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Appropriate treatment of Hodgkin's disease results in an overall five-year cure rate of about 80 percent and a cure rate exceeding 90 percent in early-stage disease. No stage of disease is incurable, and patients can be cured even if they fail their first course of therapy. Radiation therapy remains the preferred treatment for early-stage disease, while chemotherapy is the primary treatment for advanced or recurrent disease. Combination of the two modalities is very effective in intermediate and advanced disease, but is associated with an increased risk of acute leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7293916 TI - Neonatal jaundice. PMID- 7293917 TI - Cocaine abuse and toxicity. PMID- 7293919 TI - Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7293918 TI - Aortic dissection. PMID- 7293920 TI - Controlling heat stress - administrative versus physical control. AB - The collective effectiveness of several heat stress prevention measures has been evaluated. The relative merits of both physical and administrative controls and their interrelationships have been explored. It is concluded that a combination of physical and administrative control is more effective than any single physical or administrative control in managing heat stress. The use of the preventive measures discussed provided protection to a labor force of 120 employees working approximately 2.4 million man-hours over a six-year period where temperatures average 26.6 degrees C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) during the nonsummer months and 34.4 degrees C WBGT during the summer months. Only three documented cases of heat stress were encountered during this period. PMID- 7293921 TI - Monitoring personnel exposure to stainless steel welding fumes in confined spaces at a petrochemical plant. AB - This paper documents exposure to stainless steel welding fumes at a petrochemical plant. The situation evaluated may be separated into three categories: 1) evaluation of background concentration levels in a maintenance shop (area monitoring), 2) evaluation of personnel exposures during open air welding in a maintenance shop (personal monitoring), 3) evaluation of personnel exposures in confined space welding (personal monitoring). Thirty-five area samples and seventy-six personal samples were collected and analyzed for chromium (VI), total chromium, nickel, iron, copper, and total particulates. The background concentrations in the maintenance shop were found to be far below those felt to be harmful. Personnel exposures found in the maintenance shop during open air welding were also low, especially when compared to current OSHA permissible exposure levels. Contaminant levels found during confined space welding, as in distillation towers, were considered excessive. After several possible solutions to the problem were considered, it was decided to implement a mandatory air-line respirator program for all employees entering confined spaces during stainless steel welding operations. PMID- 7293922 TI - The etiology of byssinosis--possible role of prostaglandin F2alpha synthesis by alveolar macrophages. PMID- 7293923 TI - Modeling the dose distribution of H2SO4 aerosols in the human tracheobronchial tree. AB - The influence of hygroscopic growth within the human respiratory tract upon the deposition of H2SO4 aerosols is investigated using an analytical model. Particles are assumed to reach their equilibrium size and density upon entering the trachea from either the nasal or oral pharyngeal compartments. Calculated data are used to describe the equilibrium values for specified relative humidity conditions which simulate the atmosphere, inhalation exposure chambers, and the lung. Theoretical equations are used to calculate aerosol deposition efficiencies within conducting airways of the tracheobronchial tree. Hygroscopic growth is shown to affect both the total dose deposited and its regional distribution. For an inspiratory flow rate of 30 L min-1, the total deposition efficiency of H2SO4 and-H2O droplets, resulting from water condensation upon H2SO4 particles of initial geometric diameter D0, is greater than inspired nonhygroscopic particles of identical aerodynamic diameter when D0 greater than 0.1 mu m. The opposite is found when D0 less than 0.1 mu m. The effects of hygroscopic growth are explained in terms of the changing deposition efficiencies of the inertial impaction, sedimentation and diffusion mechanisms. Results imply that it is important that hygroscopic growth within the human respiratory tract be accounted for when assessing the potential health hazard of airborne particulate matter. PMID- 7293924 TI - Regulation toxic and harmful substances--the supreme court's decision upholding OSHA's cotton dust standard. PMID- 7293925 TI - Government regulations--environmental and occupational health. PMID- 7293926 TI - Establishment of normal values in adults for zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) using hematofluorometer: correlation with normal blood lead values. AB - Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) values were analyzed with a hematofluorometer on 395 non-occupationally lead exposed subjects. Blood lead (B-Pb) determinations were concurrently carried out with an extraction procedure using flameless atomic absorption method. Applying Hoffman's Statistical Analysis with a logarithmic transformation, a normal range for ZPP (a mean of 23 microgram/dL) was established with 40 microgram ZPP/dL on the upper limit of the 95% probability range. A value of 54 microgram ZPP/dL has been found to be a suitable cutoff value above which one generally finds B-Pb values greater than 40 microgram/dL. For B-Pb values (less than 40 microgram/dL) and ZPP values in our normal range, there was essentially no correlation. However, for elevated values of both, a correlation coefficient of 0.87 was found for log ZZP versus B-Pb. ZPP values for males appeared to increase with increasing age. PMID- 7293927 TI - Occupation related fire fighter hearing loss. AB - A noise exposure survey and audiometric assessment of 750 Los Angeles City fire fighters carried out to study the impact of fire service noise exposure on fire fighter hearing loss revealed evidence of excess hearing loss at the 3000Hz, 4000Hz, and 6000Hz test frequencies. Fire fighter medical history and life-style data did not point to a significant impact of hobbies and diseases on hearing threshold changes. The hearing loss observed at the test frequencies was, in relation to age, in excess of a general national population. This increased hearing loss with age for fire fighters suggests occupational overexposure to noise. A hearing conservation program for the fire service is therefore recommended. PMID- 7293928 TI - Risk associated with the spray application of polyurethane foam. AB - The use of polyurethane foam in thermal insulation is increasing rapidly. In most cases, the raw products consist of toluene di-isocyanate or diphenyl methane di isocyanate and a polyol curing agent. We studied the isocyanate exposure of workers applying the foam in confined spaces. Frequent excursions above safe limits were found with levels up to and exceeding 0.08 ppm for personal sampling and 0.148 for area sampling. Since improper devices were worn, this represented a significant risk to health. PMID- 7293929 TI - Concentrations and health effects of potash dust. AB - In an investigation of the relationship between atmospheric dust levels and worker health, the respiratory dust exposures of employees at two Saskatchewan potash mines were examined following atmospheric measurements. Some, notably those of the mining crew and the screening operators, were above the Threshold Limit Value 8-hour Time Weighted Average (TLV-TWA) for total nuisance particulates specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Respiratory symptoms were recorded and forced expiratory lung function tests were done among 850 volunteers drawn from an eligible work force of 931. The results were compared between low and higher exposure groups after allowing for personal factors such as age and smoking habits. Symptoms of Grade I chronic phlegm production and mild shortness of breath and chronic cough were more common in the higher exposure groups, but episodes of chest illness were not. Severe respiratory symptoms were rare. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportions performing lung function tests below predicted values. PMID- 7293930 TI - The mammalian toxicity of fluomine dust. AB - Fluomine is a cobalt chelate compound which complexes molecular oxygen and releases it on heating. This property has led to its use a a regenerable oxygen source in high-altitude aircraft. Investigations into the acute effects of exposure to fluomine by various routes were undertaken as first steps in the toxicological characterization of the material. Single-dose rat and mouse oral administration led to LD50 values of 123 mg/kg for male CF1 mice and 187 mg/kg for male Sprague-Dawley rats. The LC50 values for single four-hour inhalation periods varied from 112 mg/m3 for male rats to 416 mg/m3 for male mice. Fluomine proved to be highly irritating when instilled in the eyes of rabbits and to the lungs of rats on inhalation. Exposure of rabbit skin to the compound demonstrated moderate irritancy particularly in areas of abrasion. Positive reactions to intradermal challenge were demonstrated after both intradermal and inhalation sensitization of guinea pigs. PMID- 7293931 TI - The effect of rapid weight loss due to jejunoileal bypass on total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein. AB - Twelve patients undergoing a 10 to 4 inch end-to-side jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity were measured pre- and postsurgically for total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. After a mean weight loss period of 7 months, results showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol (p less than 0.001) and in the total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol level (p less than 0.01). The change in HDL cholesterol levels was not significant (p less than 0.05). The decrease in total cholesterol accompanied by no change in HDL cholesterol indicates an increased transport of cholesterol as HDL in these patients. This results suggests that these subjects are placed at a decreased risk of coronary heart disease postsurgically. PMID- 7293932 TI - Body composition and dietary intake in neoplastic disease. PMID- 7293933 TI - Biological measures for the formulation of a hospital prognostic index. AB - Factors that might predict sepsis and mortality were investigated in 282 hospitalized patients referred for metabolic and nutritional therapy. Routine assessment parameters, including delayed hypersensitivity response to recall skin antigens, serum albumin and transferrin, total lymphocyte count, and anthropometric measurements were evaluated with respect to ultimate outcome. A discriminant function (0.91 (albumin) - 1.00 delayed hypersensitivity - 1.44 (sepsis) + 0.98 (diagnosis) - 1.09) was developed having an overall predictive value for subsequent hospital mortality of 72%, a sensitivity of 74%, and a specificity of 66%. Serum albumin was found to be the best single indicator of concurrent sepsis and anergy, and predictor of mortality; an initial albumin less than 2.2 g/dl was associated with a greater than 75% chance of having concurrent anergy and sepsis and dying. An improvement in delayed hypersensitivity response was the most accurate predictor of an improved prognosis (overall predictive value 86%, sensitivity 93%, specificity 63%). Thus, the use of serum albumin, delayed hypersensitivity response to recall skin antigens, clinical status, i.e., septic or not septic, and presence or absence of cancer cachexia can serve to identify high risk patients in an objective fashion and evaluate the effectiveness of hospital therapy. This information may also assist the hospital team in allocation of resources. PMID- 7293934 TI - Effect of health education on dietary behavior: the Stanford Three Community Study. AB - A 2-yr mass media cardiovascular health education program in two communities was followed by a 3rd, maintenance yr of reduced effort. In each community, a representative cohort reported its dietary behavior annually to an interviewer using a questionnaire which estimated daily consumption of cholesterol and fat. Relative weight and plasma cholesterol were also measured annually. Both men and women in the treatment towns reported reductions in dietary cholesterol (23 to 34%) and saturated fat (25 to 30%) which were significantly larger than those reported in a 3rd, control community. Relative weight was increased in the control community when compared to the treatment towns, perhaps as a result of the aging of the cohorts. Similar patterns were observed for plasma cholesterol changes. The 2-yr changes were maintained or increased during the 3rd, maintenance yr. The changes in individual values for plasma cholesterol showed low level correlations with dietary cholesterol and saturated fat, but the association with weight change was more important. These results suggest that mass media health education can achieve lasting changes in diet, obesity, and plasma cholesterol on a community level. PMID- 7293935 TI - The effect preloads of amino acid on shortterm satiety. AB - The effect of a preload of an amino acid preparation on food intake in man was assessed in eight subjects. Each subject was given a small dose of amino acids or placebo 1/2 h before being presented with a meal. This was done in a blind, randomized fashion on five occasions for each preparation to each subject. The mean food intake of the subjects when receiving the amino acid preparation was 10% (p less than 0.01) less than the intake when receiving the placebo. When the subjects were grouped according to their variation from ideal weight, a 22.5% reduction in food intake was observed in group I (n = 4) who were greater than 5% above the ideal weight for height ratio (p less than 0.001). A 1.75% increase (NS) was seen in group II (n = 4) whose weight was within 5% of their ideal weight. These results demonstrate a modulation of satiety by small caloric doses of amino acids in overweight subjects. PMID- 7293936 TI - Nonresponsiveness of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to high dose ascorbic acid administration in normal men. AB - In a prospective, single-blind, 12-wk study, serum lipids were measured serially in nine normal male volunteers before and during oral administration of megadose ascorbic acid (1 g vitamin C/day). Study results revealed no significant effect of vitamin therapy on serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, or calculated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Megadose ascorbic acid therapy is not effective in elevating serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in normal adult men. PMID- 7293939 TI - Comparative sensitivities of tocopherol levels of platelets, red blood cells and plasma for estimating vitamin E nutritional status in the rat. AB - The use of tocopherol levels of either platelets or red blood cells was tested as an index of tissue vitamin E status. Male Wistar rats were fed 0, 5, 10, 20, or 50 ppm of vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) ad libitum for 10 wk. Over the dosage range from 0 to 20 ppm, response in tocopherol content of most tissues including platelets and red blood cells were linear. Over the whole range from 0 to 50 ppm, responses were curvilinear both directly and logarithmically for all tissues. In a comparison of reproducibility of responses of platelets, plasma and red blood cells, the variation of alpha-tocopherol content within groups fed the same diet was consistently lowest for platelets. Sensitivity (linear slope/SD) for reflecting vitamin E intake was higher for platelets than for either red blood cells or plasma. In vitro spontaneous hemolysis of red blood cells was less than 10% with 10 ppm of vitamin E, greater than 85% with 0 ppm, and was variable (2 to 78%) with 5 ppm. Lipid levels in plasma increased significantly as vitamin E was increased from 5 to 50 ppm of the diets. Over this range, levels of cholesterol and phospholipid increased 20% and levels of triglyceride increased almost 200%. PMID- 7293937 TI - Does egg feeding (i.e., dietary cholesterol) affect plasma cholesterol levels in humans? The results of a double-blind study. AB - In order to study the effects of dietary cholesterol in outpatients eating their usual home diets, we fed whole eggs and an egg substitute in a double-blind design to 16 normal volunteers. One-half cup of whole eggs (approximately 500 mg cholesterol) and a cholesterol-free egg substitute product were incorporated into the subjects' customary home diets for 4 wk each in a random order. Dietary cholesterol intake changed from a mean +/- SD of 196 +/- 112 mg/day during the egg substitute period to 728 +/- 119 during the whole egg period (p less than 0.001). The mean plasma cholesterol concentration during the whole egg period (243 +/- 39) was increased (p less than 0.01) 9% above the baseline level (223 +/ 40) and was increased (p less than 0.01) 11% above the egg substitute period (219 +/- 44). The mean plasma cholesterol concentration during the egg substitute period was not different from base-line. The feeding of whole egg in a double blind study in outpatients eating their customary diets had a hypercholesterolemic effect compared to a cholesterol-free product. PMID- 7293940 TI - Food substitution with worker feeding programs: energy supplementation in guatemalan sugarcane workers. AB - An energy supplementation program provided free of charge a low energy (15 kcal) and a high energy (350 kcal) soft drink to two group of sugarcane workers in Guatemala. The high energy supplement supplied 550 kcal/day on a weekly basis. The workers tended to be moderately energy deficient before supplementation. Significant increases in total daily energy intake were obtained with the high energy supplement, but by less than the energy content of the supplement. Workers maintained energy balance with supplementation. The degree of substitution with energy supplementation was not related to the energy intake status of the workers' households. These households did generally not improve their energy intake status with worker supplementation. PMID- 7293938 TI - Effect of garlic on blood lipids in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - The study was conducted on two groups of individuals. Group A consisted of 20 healthy volunteers who were fed garlic for 6 months and then followed for another 2 months without garlic. Garlic administration significantly lowered the serum cholesterol and triglycerides while raising the high-density lipoproteins. Group B consisted of 62 patients with coronary heart disease with elevated serum cholesterol. They were randomly divided into two subgroups: B1 was fed garlic for 10 months while B2 served as a control. Garlic decreased the serum cholesterol (p less than 0.05), triglycerides (p less than 0.05) and low density lipoprotein (p less than 0.05) while increasing the high-density fraction (p less than 0.001). The change reached statistically significant levels at the end of 8 months and persisted for the next 2 months of follow-up. Thus, the essential oil of garlic has shown a distinct hypolipidemic action in both healthy individuals and patients of coronary heart disease. PMID- 7293941 TI - Soluble sugars in soft drinks. AB - The qualitative quantitative composition of soluble carbohydrates have been determined in 16 frequently consumed soft drinks. The qualitative analysis was carried out by thin layer chromatography. The quantitative determination was done by column chromatography and spectrophotometric technique. Most of the soft drinks analyzed contain the monosaccharides glucose and fructose and the disaccharide sucrose. For some of the drinks, the amounts of these sugars vary from bottle to bottle of the same soft drink. This is probably due to a hydrolytic process of sucrose taking place during storage as a result of the acidic pH of the media. The content of total soluble carbohydrates of most of the drinks analyzed is rather high and may represent an important caloric supplement in the diet, considering the high consumption of these drinks by the Spanish population. PMID- 7293943 TI - Iron deficiency in children: the relationship between pretreatment laboratory tests and subsequent hemoglobin response to iron therapy. AB - The goal of detecting iron deficiency in children is to identify those whose Hb concentration will rise in response to treatment with iron. In a controlled treatment trial conducted among Eskimo children, we examined the effectiveness of various measures of iron nutrition in predicting a response to iron therapy (greater than 1.0 g/dl rise in Hb). A response was seen in 43%, and an additional 26% had an intermediate response (0.5 to 1.0 g/dl rise). When individual Hb values were expressed as SD scores of the Hb distribution of a reference population, a marked skew toward low scores was seen before treatment. After treatment, the distribution became more Gaussian, indicating that iron deficiency had been the major cause of anemia. Serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels moved toward normal with treatment, however, none of the tests used was very effective in distinguishing individuals who would have a response t Hb from those who would not (sensitivities: 63 to 42%, specificities: 45 to 61%). Laboratory measures of iron nutrition were far more helpful in depicting the iron status of the population than they were in distinguishing iron-responsive from nonresponsive individuals. PMID- 7293942 TI - Screening for anemia in infants: evidence in favor of using identical hemoglobin criteria for blacks and Caucasians. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the need for separate Hb screening criteria according to race by evaluating the Hb response to a therapeutic trial of iron in 1-yr-old infants. Among the 1128 infants who were screened, a significantly larger percentage of blacks (37%) than Caucasians (22%) had a Hb less than 11.5 g/dl. However, when these screen-positive infants were treated with oral iron for 3 months, the percentage who had a greater than or equal to g/dl response was similar in blacks (38%) and Caucasians (35%). Our results indicated that a slight but significant inherent tendency to lower Hb values among the black infants was counter-balanced by a substantially higher prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. These findings are in favor of using uniform Hb screening criteria in similar populations. PMID- 7293944 TI - Calcium metabolism in postmenopausal and osteoporotic women consuming two levels of dietary protein. AB - Eight postmenopausal women, four with osteoporosis diagnosed by their physician and four without, participated in a metabolic study to investigate the effects of level of protein intake on calcium metabolism; renal acid excretion; plasma total and ultrafiltrable calcium; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; and serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Radial bone mineral content was evaluated. Protein intake was 50 g/day during the 1st 15-day experimental period and 110 g during the 2nd period. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus intakes were held constant at 713, 323, and 1078 mg/day. The increase in protein intake significantly increased net calcium absorption and urinary calcium. A calcium intake of 713 mg was not sufficient for calcium balance for most of the women studied. The calciuretic effect of increased protein intake was associated with increased renal acid excretion. None of the plasma and serum measurements mentioned above was significantly affected by the level of protein intake except for a slight increase in plasma total calcium. No significant differences in radial bone mineral content or in any of the other measurements were observed between the osteoporotic and the normal group of women. PMID- 7293945 TI - The effect of dietary calcium supplementation on serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in a rural black population. AB - In a rural community, where low calcium intakes and a high prevalence of hypocalcemia elevated alkaline phosphatase values and hypocalciuria had previously been documented, two groups of 30 black school children were supplemented with calcium (500 mg/day) or a placebo for a period of 3 months. No change in serum calcium or alkaline phosphatase values occurred in the placebo group, while a significant rise in mean serum calcium and fall in mean alkaline phosphatase concentrations was found in the calcium-supplemented group over the 3 month trial. No difference in growth velocities in the two groups of children was noted over the period. These results suggest that the prevalence of biochemical abnormalities in the rural population is related to a low dietary calcium intake which can be corrected by a supplement of oral calcium only. PMID- 7293946 TI - Effect of phosphate on the absorption and retention of lead in the rat. AB - An inverse relationship between lead retention and dietary phosphate content has been known to exist for many years but the reasons for this association remained unknown. In rats, the manipulation of dietary phosphate content had no significant effect upon the absorption of lead from isolated gastrointestinal segments, but animals fed low phosphate content food had increased whole-body retention and bone deposition of intravenously administered tracer doses of radiolead. Intraluminal phosphate decreased the absorption of test doses of radiolead from the small intestine, possibly due to precipitation of lead in the gut lumen. Further, rats fed low phosphate diets absorbed increased quantities of an oral lead dose. Dietary phosphate deficiency may significantly increase body lead burdens by decreasing intraluminal lead precipitation and increasing lead retention, primarily in bone. Increased dietary phosphate, however, acts primarily to limit lead absorption. PMID- 7293947 TI - Tissue chromium exchange in the rat. AB - This study of chromium (Cr) exchange in the rat combined measurements of 51Cr distribution and tissue Cr content to permit an assessment of tissue Cr exchange under control conditions and during varied Cr intakes. Liver Cr was found to be 50 to 100% exchangeable whereas pancreas Cr was only 34% exchangeable. In kidney, the specific activity of 51Cr exceeded that of serum by more than 100%, indicating a complex type of exchange involving both a rapidly exchanging Cr pool and an "inner" Cr pool with "sink-like" characteristics. Chromium deprivation of moderate degree reduced serum Cr and tissue exchangeable Cr pools but did not change total tissue Cr, 51Cr distribution, or glucose tolerance. Chromium supplementation and Cr overload increased serum Cr and total, exchangeable, and nonexchangeable tissue Cr pools but did not alter 51Cr distribution. These results indicate that the merging of tracer techniques with tissue Cr analyses yields a more complete view of Cr exchange than 51Cr distribution alone. The data support the hypothesis that specific transport characteristics exist in tissues that may regulate the biological role of Cr. PMID- 7293948 TI - Pantothenic acid content of human milk. AB - One-day diets were recorded by 22 lactating women 1 to 6 months postpartum. Pantothenic acid content of the diets was estimated using a published table of pantothenic acid values for food. The mean pantothenic acid intake of the lactating women was 7.6 mg/day over the 6-month period. The day after diet recording, the women collected two samples of breast milk during the first feeding of the day after 5 AM. The first sample was obtained at the beginning of the feed (fore milk) and the second at the end of the feed (hind milk). The pantothenic acid in the milk was determined by microbiological assay using Lactobacillus plantarum, after prior treatment of the milk with intestinal phosphatase and pigeon liver extract to free bound pantothenic acid. There was no significance acid in the milk was 6.7 microgram/ml. No change occurred in the concentration of pantothenic acid in the milk from 1 to 6 months postpartum. There was a significant (p less than 0.005), positive correlation (r = 0.51) between the pantothenic acid in the diet of the mother the day preceding milk collection and the pantothenic acid content of the milk. PMID- 7293950 TI - Nutritional assessment of pregnant and lactating Navajo women. AB - Nutritional parameters of 87 Navajo women were assessed at term and in 23 of these women after 1 month of lactation. Serum levels of zinc, retinol-binding protein, folacin, protein, Hb, and ferritin and hair zinc content were determined. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were recorded for the subsample of 23 women. Median nutrient intakes were less than 60% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance of calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, vitamins A (lactation only), D, E, and B6, biotin, and folacin. Serum zinc fell below 50 microgram/dl in 68% of the subsample at term and remained below 65 microgram/dl 43% during lactation. Serum retinol was below normal ( less than 33 microgram/dl) in 24% of these women at term and 23% at 1 month. Low serum folacin (less than 6 ng/ml) was detected in 9% at term and 24% at 1 month. Anemia was present in 15 to 20% of the women. Serum protein, retinol-binding protein, ferritin, and hair zinc were essentially normal. Biochemical findings confirmed dietary inadequacies among Navajo women and indicate needed nutritional improvement. PMID- 7293951 TI - Overweight and obesity in preschool children in New York City. AB - In an effort to ascertain the prevalence of obesity in young children, 48 nursery schools in Manhattan and Queens, New York City were surveyed. The weights and heights of 2606 children, ages 3 to 6 yr, were obtained. Three-hundred seventeen children (12.2%) were above 120% of ideal body weight and 122 (4.7%) were above 130% of ideal weight. Twenty percent of the children from schools attended by youngsters from low income families, 12% from schools attended by pupils from middle income families, and 5% from schools with pupils from families with a high income were classified as obese. Of the obese children's actual body weights 90% were at or greater than the 75th percentile for age while mean higher percentiles of the obese and nonobese children were not significantly different. Sex specific prevalence rates were similar for boys and girls. These data indicate that obesity is already prevalent in the nursery school population and that such obese children can be easily identified from weight and height measurements at a time when programs for successful permanent weight reduction and maintenance may be feasible. PMID- 7293949 TI - Evaluation of lactational performance of Navajo women. AB - The effect of suboptimal maternal nutrition on lactational performance of 23 Navajo women was studied in terms of milk volume, milk composition, and infant growth. The mean milk volume produced by 10 Navajo women was 634 +/- 113 mg/24 h after approximately 1 month of lactation. The content of protein, lactose, and lipid were within normal limits. Retinol and carotene content were 32.9 +/- 15.7 and 19.7 +/- 6.3 microgram/dl, respectively. Milk folacin averaged 56.4 +/- 23.9 mg/ml. The mean contents of zinc, iron, and copper were 2.8 +/- 1.1, 0.8 +/- 0.6, and 0.3 +/- 0.2 mg/l, respectively. Despite evidence of suboptimal nutriture among these Navajo women, lactational performance was adequate in terms of infant growth, milk volume, and milk composition with the exception of vitamin A which was lower than normal. PMID- 7293952 TI - Bioavailable nutrient density: a new concept applied in the interpretation of food iron absorption data. AB - The nutritive value of a diet for a certain nutrient must be based on its ability to meet certain requirements for certain target groups. The current low energy intake makes it sometimes difficult to cover the requirements of certain nutrients from the diet. Thus, an important measure of the nutritive value of a food or a meal will be obtained if the amount of a nutrient absorbed is related to the energy content of the meal studied (bioavailable nutrient density). The amount of iron absorbed from a meal depends not only on its contents of heme and nonheme iron and on various dietary factors affecting the bioavailability but also on the iron status of the subjects studied. The bioavailability of iron in a meal must therefore be given for a certain iron status. Thus the following definition of bioavailable nutrient density for iron is suggested: The amount of iron (milligrams) absorbed from a meal per unit energy (1000 kcal) by subjects who are borderline iron deficient, i.e., nonanemic subjects with depleted iron stores. PMID- 7293953 TI - A comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for determining availability of iron from meals. AB - A comparison is made between in vitro and human and rat in vivo methods for estimating food iron availability. Complex meals formulated to replicate meals used by Cook and Monsen (Am J Clin Nutr 1976;29:859) in human iron availability trials were used in the comparison. The meals were prepared by substituting pork, fish, cheese, egg, liver, or chicken for beef in two basic test meals and were evaluated for iron availability using in vitro and rat in vivo methods. When the criterion for comparison was the ability to show statistically significant differences between iron availability in the various meals, there was substantial agreement between the in vitro and human in vivo methods. There was less agreement between the human in vivo and the rat in vivo and between the in vivo and the rat in vivo and between the in vitro and the rat in vivo methods. Correlation analysis indicated significant agreement between in vitro and human in vivo methods. Correlation between the rat in vivo and human in vivo methods were also significant but correlations between the in vitro and rat in vivo methods were less significant and, in some cases, not significant. The comparison supports the contention that the in vitro method allows a rapid, inexpensive, and accurate estimation of nonheme iron availability in complex meals. PMID- 7293954 TI - Evaluation of the relative dose response test for vitamin A nutriture in cirrhotics. AB - The rise in serum vitamin A 5 h after a 450 microgram oral dose of the vitamin (retinyl palmitate) was used to assess vitamin A nutriture in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The test was carried out on 21 hospitalized male patients and 12 normal age and sex-matched control subjects. The relative dose response (RDR), expressed as percentage, was calculated as A5 - A0/A5 X 100 where A0 = the fasting serum retinol level and A5 = the serum retinol 5 h postdosing. Vitamin A deficient patients (those with serum retinol levels less than 30 microgram/dl and an abnormal dark adaptation test or RDR greater than or equal to 14%) were treated with 4 wk of oral vitamin A (10,000 microgram/day), then repeat RDR and dark adaptation tests were carried out. Among eight cirrhotics with abnormal dark adaptation, the mean +/- SEM RDR was 21 +/- 9 versus 3 +/- 3% in patients with normal dark adaptation (p less than 0.01). RDR tests of patients with normal dark adaptation did not differ from those of 12 normal age and sex-matched control subjects (normal RDR response 0 to 14%). Among patients found to be vitamin A deficient, treatment with vitamin A resulted in the mean +/- SEM RDR declining from 21 +/- 9 to 5 +/- 2%. However, this fall failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). The RDR test appears to be useful as a predictor of vitamin A deficiency, even among patients with far advanced hepatic disease. PMID- 7293955 TI - A simple apparatus for comparative measurements of energy expenditure in human subjects: the thermic effect of caffeine. AB - A simple inexpensive indirect calorimeter that is suitable for the estimation of energy expenditure in man is described. Its usefulness is demonstrated by a study of the effect of coffee on energy expenditure. Caffeinated coffee increased energy expenditure by 16% over 1 2-h period compared with decaffeinated coffee. PMID- 7293956 TI - Recommended dietary allowances and Third World populations. PMID- 7293958 TI - Zinc in hair of healthy and malnourished children. PMID- 7293959 TI - Erythrocyte transketolase activity and sudden infant death. PMID- 7293957 TI - Pectin and cellulose binding of iron in vitro. PMID- 7293961 TI - Preterm milk. PMID- 7293960 TI - Ascaris infection and growth in children. PMID- 7293962 TI - Endometrial stomal tumors of extra-uterine tissue. PMID- 7293964 TI - Heparin assay and protamine titration. AB - By utilizing the fact that heparin and protamine sulfate directly neutralize each other, it is possible to quickly detect excess levels of protamine (anti-heparin activity) by back-titrating a plasma specimen with predetermined amounts of heparin. The approach suggested allows for the simultaneous definition of low levels of heparin, and incorporates an equally rapid and accurate measurement of high heparin concentrations. The methodology presented employs heparin assays using the "Protopath" technic. The concept appears to be applicable to other test systems currently designed to monitor heparin activity. PMID- 7293963 TI - Small vessel alterations in the testes of infertile men with varicocele. PMID- 7293965 TI - The T-test and clinical relevance. Is your beta error showing. AB - The t-test, as usually performed in the clinical laboratory for methods comparisons, does not consider the clinical relevance of the difference between the methods. Two procedures are presented which incorporate medical criteria into the t-test thereby making it a more relevant statistical tool. This is done by defining beta error in addition to alpha error. Since a positive action; i.e., adoption of the "test" methods, is taken when there is no difference between the "test" and reference methods, commission of a beta error has a potentially damaging effect. Therefore, evaluation of beta error is an appropriate part of methods comparison in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7293966 TI - Atypicality indices as reference values for laboratory data. AB - There have been several methods suggested for relating laboratory results to relevant reference values; none has been completely satisfactory. The method described in this paper is referring to atypicality indices for uniform reporting and feasible interpretation of laboratory data. The index associated with a measurement is defined as the probability of finding a results closer to the mean of the reference population than the one actually observed. Thus the larger the index, the less likely the measured value would be in the reference population and the more atypical it becomes. The proposed method, unlike any other, keeps the same simple and desirable features when extended to multivariate situations, that is when several tests are to be interpreted simultaneously. PMID- 7293967 TI - Orosomucoid, alpha 2-macroglobulin and immunoglobulins in serum and pleural effusions. AB - Serum and pleural fluid levels of orosomucoid, alpha 2-macroglobulin, IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured in 36, 29, and nine patients suffering from malignant, tuberculous, and non-malignant, non-inflammatory pleural disease, respectively. Pleural fluid concentrations of the studied proteins were higher in tuberculous effusions, but due to wide overlapping of the values, correlation with diagnosis could not be established. The ratio of the pleural fluid to the serum concentration of the studied proteins was below unity with the exception of three tuberculous and one cancer patient who showed higher values of orosomucoid in the pleural fluid. The rate of diffusion of the various proteins in the pleural fluid was inversely proportional to their molecular weight. PMID- 7293968 TI - A multivariate approach to prognostication in experimental bacterial meningitis. AB - Known concentrations of type III pneumococci were inoculated into eighty-one rabbits by cisternal puncture. Antibiotic therapy was started the following day. Aliquots of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were sampled on day one immediately before therapy was started and at regular intervals thereafter for up to eight days. Samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, lactic dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase in various combinations. Leukocyte counts were performed on all CSF specimens. The timing of the specimens proved critical to the prognostic utility of the analyses performed. Day two plasma glucose was the most important single measurement for prognostication. Day one values for CSF glucose, lactate, and leukocyte count were also important. Substantial gains in prognostic accuracy were achieved when clinical laboratory measurements were used in combination by discriminant function analysis. PMID- 7293969 TI - Synthesis of immunoglobulin within the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Detection by analysis of CSF/serum IgG ratio. AB - This study included 49 patients with clinical multiple sclerosis (MS), 105 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), and 30 controls. It compared seven assays for CNS IgG synthesis with the oligoclonal banding (agarose electrophoresis) method. A newly developed assay which determined the differences between the measured and calculated CSF/serum IgG ratio (M-C value), using albumin as a reference protein, was particularly sensitive to the diagnosis of MS. In 40/46 (87%) of patients with MS, the M-C value was 0.001 or more, while oligoclonal banding was found in CSF of 38/49 (78%). In the 30 controls, the M-C value was invariably less than 0.001 and oligoclonal banding was not found. In patients with OND, 26/104 (25%) had an M-C value of 0.001 of greater while 11/105 (11%) had oligoclonal banding in CSF. The M-C value also offers a convenient means of quantifying CNS IgG synthesis during disease activity of treatment. It is concluded that the combined use of the oligoclonal banding method and the M-C value determination gives the greatest predictive value for the diagnosis of MS. PMID- 7293970 TI - Suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by corynebacterium ovis (pseudotuberculosis). AB - A 30-year-old previously healthy man developed cervical adenopathy associated with mild constitutional symptoms. Corynebacterium ovis was isolated in pure culture from lymph node tissue on two separate occasions, and small gram positive organisms were identified in both lymph nodes with tissue gram stain. Histopathologically, the nodes displayed suppurative and necrotizing granulomas. Of eight previously reported cases of C. ovis lymphadenitis in man, all but one have involved inhabitants of rural Australia, most of whom had contact with sheep, an animal reservoir of C. ovis. Necrotizing granulomas were usually observed. The patient described was an American urban dweller with a history of raw milk ingestion. We believe this to be the first reported case of C. ovis lymphadenitis from the United States. C. ovis infection should be considered n the differential diagnosis of localized lymphadenitis with necrotizing and/or suppurative granulomas. In evaluation of granulomatous lymphadenitis tissue gram stain should be performed and culture of a diphtheroid organism not readily dismissed. PMID- 7293972 TI - Internal quality control for automated hematology instrumentation based on monitoring average patient erythrocyte indices. PMID- 7293971 TI - Hemolytic anemia associated with leptospirosis. Morphologic and lipid studies. AB - A case of fulminant hemolytic anemia associated with a leptospiral infection is presented with morphologic and erythrocyte lipid studies. Both the frequency and pathogenesis of anemia in human leptospirosis is poorly understood. The anemia frequently observed in Weil's syndrome has been ascribed on clinical impression to blood loss, renal failure, and/or an ill-defined hemolytic process. However, hemolytic anemia associated with leptospirosis in animals is well documented and is due to hemolysins with phospholipase activity. Our patient's erythrocyte morphologic abnormalities on bright light and electron microscopy included particles of cells and cells with a thorny or spiculated surface suggesting that the hemolytic process was due to membrane injury. Measurement of the erythrocyte membrane lipids showed reductions in sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine suggesting that the observed hemolysis and morphologic changes resulted from phospholipases produced by the infecting leptospirae. PMID- 7293973 TI - On the supernumerary serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme bands. PMID- 7293974 TI - Mucin-like changes in keloids. PMID- 7293975 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia. PMID- 7293976 TI - Aspergillus niger. PMID- 7293977 TI - Cryptogenic acute cholangitis--association with toxic shock syndrome. AB - The clinical and pathologic findings of eight cases of cryptogenic acute cholangitis are reported. Six of the patient had clinical features of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and all but one died. No patient had antecedent disease of the liver or gall bladder. Blood cultures for bacteria from six of the patients were negative. Postmortem cultures from two patients grew Staphylococcus aureus. The biliary tract was patent and the pancreas was grossly normal in every case. The major histologic finding was acute cholangitis, with minimal or no cholestasis, but changes were noted in many other organs. It is suggested that the acute cholangitis could account for the jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia that is reported in about half the patients with TSS. Damage to bile ducts by a circulating toxin rather than bacterial infection is suggested as the pathogenetic mechanism. PMID- 7293978 TI - Adenomatoid tumors of the uterus. AB - Adenomatoid tumors arising in the uterus are not well-recognized and are sometimes mistaken for other benign or malignant neoplasms. This study is a clinicopathologic analysis of 12 uterine adenomatoid tumors. Characteristically, they were small nodular lesions (mean diameter 2.1 cm) in the subserosa or outer wall of the myometrium. Four distinctive histologic types (adenoid, angiomatoid, solid, and cystic) were identified; each tumor consisted of a combination of one major and at least one minor type. The nodular proliferation of smooth muscle which accompanied some tumors was regarded as a non-neoplastic hyperplasia of myometrium. In two cases, small foci of serosal endosalpingiosis were adjacent to the tumor. Theories of histogenesis are discussed, and classification of the adenomatoid tumor as a type of benign mesothelioma is endorsed. PMID- 7293979 TI - Light microscopy of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (MPGN with homologous extraglomerular lesions). AB - A light microscopic study of MPGN identifies three morphologic patterns with homologous extraglomerular lesions. These correspond to reported variants or patterns of MPGN II (Dense Deposit Disease) by electron microscopy. Endomembranous, subendothelial, and holomembranous patterns are described, all with homologous lesions of extraglomerular basement membranes. The holomembranous pattern is morphologically the most unique and may represent a different disease or a subset of MPGN II. The findings are consistent with the definition of MPGN I and II as mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and MPGN II as a nephropathic lesion not limited to the glomerular capillary basement membrane (MPGN with homologous extraglomerular lesions). PMID- 7293980 TI - A quantitative histologic comparison of the thymus in 100 healthy and diseased adults. AB - The characteristics of the normal adult thymus in both sexes were determined in 50 cases of accidental death by a simplified quantitative histologic technic. A table of normal values derived from these findings was used for making comparisons with thymus from autopsies of 50 additional patients suffering terminal illness. It was observed that thymic changes considered to be part of physiologic involution occurred earlier and were more advanced at a given age in males than in females. These changes included disappearance of septae, diminished demarcation between cortex and medulla, and a decreased number of Hassall's corpuscles with an increase in their size. Changes ascribed to disease included accelerated involution of the thymus accompanied by loss of septae, smaller lobules, increased adipose tissue and fusiform cells, a reduced number of lymphocytes and Hassall's corpuscles and a relative increase in the number of cystic corpuscles. No lymphoid follicles were observed. Changes were not identical in all disease conditions. In neoplasia, the limit between the cortex and medulla was preserved; in immune diseases, the epithelial nests of the medulla were increased. PMID- 7293981 TI - Mesothelial cysts of the spleen with squamous metaplasia. AB - Epidermoid cyst (metaplastic mesodermal cyst) is the most common true cyst of the spleen. The pathogenesis is unknown. The lesion is usually asymptomatic and has a characteristic gross morphology. Two splenic epidermoid cysts which were mesothelial-lined and showed focal squamous metaplasia were observed. Examination of one adult spleen and ten fetal spleens showed similar mesothelial linings of their capsules. It is believed that the epithelial-lined splenic cysts are the result of invagination of capsular surface mesothelium with subsequent cystic expansion and metaplastic changes. The use of the term "mesothelial cyst with squamous metaplasia" as a more accurate term than "epidermoid" or "metaplastic mesodermal cyst" is suggested. PMID- 7293982 TI - Microcomputer assisted hematology quality control using a modified average of normals program. AB - A microcomputer based program package has been developed which utilizes a modified "average of normals" method to analyze data and monitor random and systematic error in the clinical hematology laboratory. The daily workload of normal patient values for leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time is entered through the keyboard and sorted by sex. The daily mean, standard deviation, standard error index, and F-ratio are then calculated for each test. Significant deviations from target values are automatically flagged. The system combines ease of data input with automatic statistical calculation, graphic display, and printout of the calculated data. The system has the capability of data analysis by shift, and incorporates cumulative sum, Trigg's tracking algorithm, and analysis of variance calculations. This statistical analysis had proven to be a sensitive indicator of random and systematic error in our laboratory and has allowed us to decrease the assay frequency of expensive commercial control material. PMID- 7293983 TI - Analysis of manual reticulocyte counting. AB - A statistical appraisal of manual reticulocyte enumeration was extensively investigated. Statistically, the counting variability among technologists was significantly worse than expected for a counting (Poisson) process. the proportional error associated with each technologist can exceed 39%. The technologist-to-technologist variation is the major source of inaccuracy at all reticulocyte levels and is attributed to the consistent application of individual criteria in reticulocyte identification. Although results may be clinically useful, it is extremely difficult to obtain manual results with sufficient accuracy to serve as a "reference" reticulocyte method. PMID- 7293984 TI - Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia--an unusual cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. AB - The clinical and anatomical features of a patient with an unusual pulmonary malformation, is reported. The clinical course was consistent with the syndrome of persistent fetal circulation; morphologically, however, the patient was found to have a unique form of pulmonary dysplasia. Failure of formation and ingrowth of alveolar capillaries led to absence of normal air-blood barriers in this term infant. In addition anomalous veins were present in the bronchovascular bundles. Morphometric study indicated that the lungs were otherwise mature. This selective deficiency and dysplasia suggests that distal pulmonary epithelial and vascular development operate under separate control mechanisms. PMID- 7293985 TI - Hairy cells. PMID- 7293986 TI - The anatomy of the infant formula controversy. PMID- 7293987 TI - Comments on the World Health Organization's 'International Code' of marketing breastmilk substitutes. PMID- 7293988 TI - Life-threatening complications of varicella. AB - We reviewed the records of 96 children hospitalized with varicella from July 1, 1975 to June 30, 1980. Eighty-one were immunologically normal and 15 were immunocompromised on the basis of neoplasia, immunosuppressive therapy, or genetic disease. These children experienced 106 complications including viral dissemination-encephalitis (44), bacterial infection (25), Reye's syndrome (17), unusual cutaneous lesions (eight), drug overdose (five), diabetic ketoacidosis (two), neonatal infection (two), dehydration (two), and exacerbation of preexisting nephrosis (one). The length of hospitalization varied from one to 38 days with a median of five days. There were ten varicella pneumonia (one), of neonatal varicella (one), and of a ruptured mycotic aneurysm secondary to septicemia (one). This review demonstrates (1) a substantial occurrence of life threatening complications of varicella in childhood, and (2) a need for prospective epidemiologic data on the incidence of complications to determine the scope and extent of varicella vaccination. PMID- 7293989 TI - Campylobacter gastroenteritis in neonates. AB - Campylobacter fetus enteritis is thought to be an unusual infection in the newborn. We describe eight term neonates with gastroenteritis caused by C fetus subspecies jejuni who were seen during a two-year period. Symptoms of bloody diarrhea (7/8) and irritability (6/8) began between 2 and 11 days of age. None of the infants was seriously ill; only one infant was febrile. None of the seven infants who had blood cultures drawn had bacteremia with C fetus, and none of the infants had complications. The infants were treated with antimicrobial agents and recovered rapidly. Five mothers had Campylobacter cultured from the stool or vagina. The cases were not related epidemiologically. We concluded that Campylobacter gastroenteritis in the newborn clinically resembles Campylobacter gastroenteritis in older children and adults, except that it is generally an afebrile illness. The bacterium most likely is acquired from the mother during or shortly after delivery. PMID- 7293990 TI - Teething age in prematurely born infants. PMID- 7293991 TI - Hereditary stiff-baby syndrome. AB - Clinical and electrophysiologic features of an infant with stiff-baby syndrome were studied; his father, uncle, and paternal grandmother suffered from a similar disorder. They all had a similar facial appearance during infancy (an alert, frightened, tense look) and a tendency to vomit because of hiatal hernias. The condition is benign but causes anxiety and, later, embarrassment as affected adults suddenly fall when stumbling or startled. We suggest that the condition be called hereditary stiff-baby syndrome. The family history is suggestive of autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 7293992 TI - Tuberous sclerosis complex in children. AB - Of 62 children seen at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, who had tuberous sclerosis (TS), 58 had a history of seizures (developing during the first year of life in 37) and mental retardation was diagnosed in 51. Classic congenital hypopigmented patches were present in 42 and adenoma sebaceum occurred in 26 of the patients. Computed tomography (CT) is an essential diagnostic tool. We conclude that TS is more common than has been believed. Seizures are the most common manifestation of the disease and the hypopigmented patches, its first cutaneous manifestation, are present at an early age. When a positive diagnosis has been made, parents and siblings should be examined for signs of TS, keeping in the mind the wide spectrum of findings in this condition; if not stigmata are present on examination, then a CT scan should be considered for parents of reproductive age so that proper genetic counseling can be given. PMID- 7293993 TI - Microcephaly, microphthalmia, falciform retinal folds, and blindness. A new syndrome. AB - We have observed an apparently new, heritable syndrome consisting of severe microcephaly, microphthalmia, falciform retinal folds, and blindness. Two brothers were affected with these problems. The mother, while she has no ocular malformations, has severe microcephaly and mild mental retardation. The only other offspring of the parents, a boy, is normal. Laboratory evaluation of the affected sibs was uninformative. An environmental cause of this condition has been sought, but none has been identified. Possible modes of inheritance include autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity, X-linked recessive inheritance with partial expression in the mother, or autosomal recessive inheritance that is etiologically unrelated to the mother's microcephaly. PMID- 7293994 TI - Theophylline therapy in bronchiolitis. A retrospective study. AB - Since bronchiolitis has clinical and pathophysiologic similarities to asthma, the use of bronchodilator drugs has been suggested; however, their effectiveness remains unproven. We reviewed the outcome of treatment in 64 children less than 18 months of age hospitalized for the first time with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis or wheezing. Thirty one of the patients received theophylline therapy and sometimes steroids and/or inhaled sympathomimetic drugs, and 34 received no such therapy. Although the theophylline-treated children were older (9.4 vs 4.9 months of age), there were no other differences in the histories, clinical findings, laboratory assessments, or outcome between theophylline treated and untreated groups. The results suggest that theophylline and steroid therapies had not beneficial effects on the resolution of acute bronchiolitis or wheezing in the majority of infants and small children. PMID- 7293995 TI - Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. Review of 17 cases, including a pair of identical twins. AB - Seventeen patients aged 7 to 33 months, including a pair of identical twin girls, came to the Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, between January 1975 and December 1979 with transient normocytic anemia and reticulocytopenia. In 16 of the patients, bone marrow aspirates were obtained; 15 showed erythroblastopenia and one showed erythroid hyperplasia indicative of recovery. Except for a cluster of six cases occurring from July to October 1979, no seasonal variation was observed. Unlike patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia, all 17 patients were of normal stature. Other distinguishing features of transient erythroblastopenia of childhood included onset after early infancy, normocytosis, and rapid, spontaneous recovery. PMID- 7293996 TI - Intrauterine growth retardation. An unmet challenge. AB - Most standards of fetal growth are grossly inadequate. Standards of fetal growth should be revised so that they represent normally grown fetuses and newborn infants; their data should be displayed in a uniform manner, and proper allowances should be made for intrinsic factors that affect fetal size significantly, namely gestational age, ethnic group, sex of infant, and maternal parity, height, and weight. The pathogenesis, consequences, and incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IGR) will not be clearly understood until the different types of IGR are more widely recognized than at present. The incidence of IGR was observed to be significantly higher when the specific types of IGR were diagnosed rather than relying on low birth weight for gestational age, which does not distinguish between the different types of IGR. PMID- 7293997 TI - Picture of the Month. Chediak-Steinbrinck-Higashi syndrome. PMID- 7293998 TI - Acute bicarbonate intoxication from a folk remedy. PMID- 7293999 TI - Progressive systemic scleroderma with iga deficiency in a child. PMID- 7294000 TI - Anterior hypopituitarism due to fracture of the sella turcica. PMID- 7294001 TI - Induced lactation. PMID- 7294002 TI - Osmolar relationships in infantile dehydration. AB - We studied serum osmolality in 167 consecutive infants admitted for gastroenteritis with 5% or more dehydration. Osmolality was determined by the freezing-point method in a 0.2-mL sample of serum immediately on admission. Forty one patients (24.6%) had hypo-osmolar dehydration, with a mean osmolality of 257 mOsm/kg (range, 234 to 270 mOsm/kg). Eleven patients (6.5%) had hyperosmolar dehydration, with a mean osmolality of 329 mOsm/kg (range, 312 to 369 mOsm/kg). Simultaneous serum and CSF osmolalities were determined in 14 patients with hypo osmolar and eight with hyperosmolar dehydration. In patients with hyperosmolar dehydration, serum osmolality correlated well with CSF osmolality, but a poor correlation was seen between serum and CSF sodium levels. Convulsions occurred in two patients in whom the CSF osmolality was greater than the serum osmolality by more than 10 mOsm/kg. Convulsions also occurred in two patients with hypo-osmolar dehydration in whom the CSF osmolality was lower than the serum osmolality by more than 13 mOsm/kg. PMID- 7294003 TI - Analysis of predictive factors in the assessment of warm-water near-drowning in children. AB - The records of 42 children hospitalized after a serious fresh-water accident were studied retrospectively. Nine variables thought to be indicative of neurologic outcome in near-drowned patients were analyzed by means of a stepwise discriminant function procedure. The presence of coma and fixed and dilated pupils on examination in the emergency room perfectly predicted those patients who would die (24%) or sustain severe and permanent brain damage (16% of the survivors). All dead or badly brain-damaged patients drowned or nearly drowned in warm water (greater than 20 degrees C). Easily obtained prognostic neurologic findings may be important in assessing the efficacy of resuscitation measures in pediatric near-drowning victims, particularly those who were immersed in warm water. PMID- 7294004 TI - Echovirus type 7 meningitis in young children. AB - Clinical and virological features are presented of an epidemic of aseptic meningitis in children caused by echovirus type 7. The majority of patients were younger than 1 year of age. Symptoms varied according to age. The degree of CSF pleocytosis was inversely related to age and was significantly greater in infants 7 months of age and younger than in those older than 7 months. A CSF polymorphonuclear pleocytosis was documented in 66% of the cases. Human placental fibroblast provided a more rapid detection of cytopathic effect and improved final recovery rates when compared with rhesus monkey kidney cells, Vero cells, and human epidermoid (Hep-2) cells. Several possible explanations for the sudden appearance of echovirus type 7 activity are discussed. PMID- 7294006 TI - Fatal echovirus type 11 infections. AB - Two infants with fatal echovirus type 11 infections are described. Disseminated intravascular coagulation developed in both patients, and at postmortem examination, diffuse hemorrhagic necrosis of multiple organ systems was evident, most strikingly in the liver. A 3-month-old child is described, in whom lethargy, vomiting, pitting edema of the occipital scalp and neck, and subsequent diffuse echovirus disease developed. The clinical manifestation in this infant of focal myositis with histologic documentation at postmortem examination is unique to echovirus 11 disease. To our knowledge, this child represents the first described patient with nonparalytic, fatal echovirus type 11 infection occurring beyond the immediate neonatal period. PMID- 7294005 TI - Secretory antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. AB - The secretory antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Igg, IgM and 11S IgA immunoglobulin classes was determined using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique. Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected after naturally acquired primary or secondary infection with RSV. Immunoglobulin A responses to RSV were significantly greater in infants older than 6 months of age at the time of infection than in younger infants. Reinfection with RSV resulted in enhanced antibody production in all three immunoglobulin classes, and virus-specific antibody persisted for longer periods after secondary infection. Repeated immunizations with live RSV vaccine may be necessary for the development of immunity to severe illness. PMID- 7294008 TI - Chronic progressive renal failure. Rate of progression monitored by change of serum creatinine concentration. AB - The rise of serum creatinine levels during were renal failure progressing to end stage renal disease was studied in 30 children. In 20 patients the rise was a steady one and followed a mathematical model, best expressed by the regression line calculated from reciprocal values. Ten patients had widely fluctuating values that did not fit any of the available mathematical models; however, in three patients, the curve had two slopes. The initially slow rate of progression changed to a more rapid, steady rise when a creatinine level of 2 to 3 mg/dL was reached. Therefore, in 23 of 30 patients, the time at which a serum creatinine values of 10 mg/dL would be reached could be predicted with acceptable accuracy based on this calculation or using a graphic plot. In the terminal phase of renal failure, the serum creatinine value progressed from 7 to 10 mg/dL in less than four months in 80% of the cases. PMID- 7294007 TI - Periodic breathing in infants with histories of prolonged apnea. AB - Periodic breathing (PB) during sleep was investigated in two groups of full-term infants with histories of apnea that were terminated by resuscitation. One group of infants had been reported to be asleep whereas the other group had been reported to be awake when apnea was noted. Electrophysiologic sleep recordings were made after the apneic incident. The infants with histories of prolonged apnea while asleep exhibited more PB during recorded sleep than infants with histories of apnea while awake. Increased PB during sleep in full-term infants, therefore, may not be associated with all prolonged apneic episodes in infants but may be specifically associated with those episodes that occur during sleep. PMID- 7294009 TI - Hidden asthma in childhood. AB - An unusual manifestation of asthma occurred in 11 children who had chronic cough and no wheezing. Initial, routine pulmonary function tests gave normal results in most cases. The diagnosis of asthma was confirmed by an exercise provocation test in ten children and/or a successful therapeutic trial with bronchodilators. The asthma in these cases had previously remained undiagnosed (hidden) for years, during which time the patients were treated unsuccessfully with antibiotics, antitussives, and antihistamines. Earlier diagnosis of this asthmatic illness assisted by exercise provocation testing will result in more effective management. PMID- 7294010 TI - The short gut. PMID- 7294012 TI - Legionnaires' disease in an immunologically normal child. PMID- 7294011 TI - Radiological case of the month. Acute suppurative thyroiditis. PMID- 7294013 TI - Hearing loss after therapy with radiation. PMID- 7294014 TI - Extrahepatic biliary atresia and renal anomalies in fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7294016 TI - Prenatal brain damage in nonketotic hyperglycinemia. PMID- 7294017 TI - Aerosolized drugs. PMID- 7294018 TI - Dehydration and osmolality. PMID- 7294015 TI - Dietary management of malignant chylous effusion. PMID- 7294019 TI - The child who nearly drowns. PMID- 7294020 TI - Origin of the triosephosphate isomerase isozymes in humans: genetic evidence for the expression of a single structural locus. AB - A genetic approach is used to ascertain that a single structural locus for triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) (E.C.5.3.1.1.) is expressed in rapidly dividing human lymphoblasts. This approach is made possible through the identification of a rare electrophoretic variant of human TPI. The variant phenotype is expressed by the TPI-B isozyme in both erythrocytes and peripheral lymphocytes. The variant phenotype is also expressed in the thermostability and electrophoretic pattern of the TPI-A isozyme in mitogen-stimulated lymphoblasts, indicating that TPI-A and TPI-B are products of the same structural locus. These findings are in contrast to the recent conclusions of Yuan et al. based upon structural analysis, suggesting that the TPI-A and TPI-B isozymes are products of distinct structural loci. PMID- 7294022 TI - Inheritance of mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - This paper describes a family in which 10 members of 3 generations have IgM-IgG cryoglobulinemia. Their pedigree is characteristic of autosomal dominant inheritance. No underlying disease that could account for the cryoglobulinemia has been identified in any patient, and no linkage of the cryoglobulinemia to HLA A and -B locus haplotypes, blood group antigens, or immunoglobulin Gm allotypes has been detected. The rheumatoid factors of this kindred react with some, but not all, human IgG; however, their rheumatoid factors are not antibodies to any known human Gm or Km allotype. This family demonstrates that "essential" mixed cryoglobulinemia can be inherited, and that the clinical manifestations of an inherited cryoglobulinemia may vary among family members. PMID- 7294021 TI - Genetic control of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT): measurement of LCAT mass in a large kindred with LCAT deficiency. AB - Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mass was measured by radioimmunoassay in a large Sardinian kindred with LCAT deficiency. The frequency distribution of LCAT levels in the M-kindred demonstrated a trimodal distribution, one more corresponding to the normal controls and containing the normal relatives, a second mode completely separate from the controls and containing subjects with LCAT levels approximately one-half normal, and a third mode distinct from the other modes containing the two subjects with LCAT deficiency. Fifteen kindred members, including all six spouses, had enzyme levels of 4.92 +/- 0.49 microgram/ml (mean +/- SD), slightly lower but in the same range as controls (6.13 +/- 0.98; no. = 66). Twelve family members, including the two obligate heterozygotes, had enzyme levels of 2.68 +/- 0.32 microgram/ml, roughly one-half that of control levels. The LCAT-deficient subjects had enzyme levels of 0.30 and 0.37 microgram/ml, respectively. Segregation of the acyltransferase deficiency gene (LCATd) provided clear evidence of an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of LCAT deficiency. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that family members with half-normal enzyme levels are heterozygous carriers of the LCATd gene. PMID- 7294023 TI - Unstable familial translocations: A t(11;22)mat inherited as a t(11;15). AB - Unusual inheritance of a reciprocal translocation, t(11;22)(p11;p12)mat was discovered in a family with one daughter having a different translocation, t(11;15)(p11;p12). Another daughter inherited the same translocation as her mother. The breakpoints through the nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) of chromosomes 15 and 22 were determined by silver staining. A review of the literature has demonstrated that such unstable familial translocations are very rare and can occur either in mitosis or meiosis. They usually involve exchanges between centromeres, telomeres, or NORs. PMID- 7294024 TI - Fragile X syndrome: search for phenotypic manifestations at loci for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The subjects of this study were individuals with the form of X-linked mental retardation that is associated with the presence of a cytologically variant X chromosome having a secondary constriction or "fragile site" at Xq 27-28 (Fra X). Studies were carried out to test the hypothesis that deletions or modifications at neighboring loci occur as a consequence of events at the fragile site. Skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood lymphocytes from affected males were analyzed with respect to the expression of two X-lined enzymes: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT); loci for these enzymes are known to be located in the region of the fragile site. Although the number of cells resistant to thioguanine (HPRT-deficient) obtained from some cultures from one Fra X male and blood cells of another was greater than expected, the frequency of these cells was not increased in cultures from other Fra X males. Furthermore, our results indicate that the G6PD activity and electrophoretic mobility in Fra X males is similar to that in normal cells, thus providing no evidence for the loss of the long-arm telomere in the fragile X syndrome. PMID- 7294025 TI - Sister chromatid exchange frequencies in Progeria and Werner syndrome patients. AB - An analysis of the baseline and mitomycin-C-induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes derived from three patients with progeria and three Werner syndrome patients is presented. SCE frequencies did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients and their normal controls. PMID- 7294027 TI - An easy-to-use maximum-likelihood method of estimating the ascertainment probability. AB - An easy-to-compute statistic for estimating the ascertainment probability is proposed. This statistic is determined through the use of the maximum-likelihood principle and, therefore, in addition to being easy to compute, has the desirable properties of a maximum-likelihood statistic. Variance tables are given to facilitate computation of the estimate and its variance. PMID- 7294026 TI - HLA and disease: predictions for HLA haplotype sharing in families. AB - An analysis of published data on the segregation of HLA haplotypes in families with more than one individual affected with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or multiple sclerosis yields three conclusions: (1) In families with unaffected parents, affected sib pairs are much more often HLA haplotype identical in sibships with two affected sibs than in sibships with three or four affected sibs (P less than .01). (2) In families with unaffected parents and HLA half-identical affected sibs, well siblings more often receive the single haplotype not found in the affected sibs than is expected by chance (P less than .05). (3) In families with one affected parent, well siblings of affected individuals may share with the affected child a haplotype from the unaffected parent less than 50% of the time (P less than .10). These results are consistent with the premise that in some non-Mendelian, familial, HLA-associated disease more than one gene may contribute to susceptibility to the disorder. PMID- 7294029 TI - A pedigree possible evidence for the metabolic interference hypothesis. PMID- 7294030 TI - Predictability of serum digoxin concentrations. PMID- 7294028 TI - Sickle cell trait counseling-evaluation of counselors and counselees. AB - In this study, information about both counselee and counselor performance was obtained from taped recordings of 193 structured counseling sessions with persons diagnosed as having sickle cell trait. The data provide evidence that: (1) lay persons can understand essential sickle cell information; (2) trained lay persons using a structured format can transmit successfully sickle cell information; (3) only education and age, among counselee characteristics studies, were related to successful learning; (4) the evaluation of information transfer in counseling programs cannot be limited to counselees' comprehension but must also consider other variables such as counselor performance and curriculum content; (5) a reduction in negative feelings associated with a diagnosis of sickle cell trait is an immediate effect of counseling; and (6) audio-taping of counseling sessions is client acceptable and useful for evaluation, quality control, and counselor training. PMID- 7294031 TI - Continuous infusion of thiopental sodium for barbiturate-induced coma. PMID- 7294033 TI - Aminophylline dosage model. PMID- 7294032 TI - Metronidazole: cause as well as cure for colitis. PMID- 7294034 TI - Factors affecting diazepam infusion: solubility, administration-set composition, and flow rate. AB - The sorption of diazepam in large-volume i.v. admixtures to administration-set components and in i.v. containers was analyzed quantitatively. Solubility of diazepam in phosphate buffer at various pH levels and in i.v. fluids was measured. Partition coefficients of diazepam into components of i.v. administration sets and i.v. containers were studied by shaking a solution of diazepam in 0.9% sodium chloride, with finely cut components and measuring the change in diazepam in the aqueous phase. Flow studies through an administration set of a 0.04-mg/ml diazepam solution in 5% dextrose injection were done, varying both the flow rate and the length of tubing. The maximum free-base solubility of diazepam in phosphate buffer was 0.048 mg/ml; its solubility was 0.058, 0.050, and 0.064 mg/ml in lactated Ringer's, 0.9% sodium chloride, and 5% dextrose injections, respectively. Equilibrium partition coefficients were highest for polyvinyl chloride tubing and flexible bags. Volume-control sets made of cellulose propionate had lower but sufficiently large partition coefficients to cause diazepam loss. Polyolefin semi-rigid and glass containers had low partition coefficients. In the flow studies, the amount of solution-contact time correlated with the extent of absorption. As flow rate decreased or tubing length increased, the amount of diazepam absorbed increased proportionately. A nomogram and a predictive dosing chart are presented for calculation of actual diazepam doses delivered at various flow rates and tubing lengths. Diazepam can be administered safely and effectively by i.v. infusion. The use of volume-control sets and flexible polyvinyl chloride bags should be avoided with diazepam solutions. Polyolefin semi-rigid containers are acceptable alternatives to glass. The concentration of diazepam infusions should not exceed 0.04 mg/ml. PMID- 7294035 TI - Standardized education for nursing. AB - The need for establishing standardized education for nursing is discussed. New health needs, patient demands, and technological advances are causing changes in the health-care system that affect the future of nursing. To meet these changes, the American Nurses' Association (ANA) has proposed that the baccalaureate degree be the entry-level degree for future professional nurses. Currently, many nurses' educational competencies are not matched by the suitable job category. This leads to frustration and problems with underutilization and misutilization of nurses that affects the delivery of health-care services. The ANA has proposed a clearer delineation of nurses into two equally valid categories, each of which will include nurses with a specific educational preparation, to alleviate these problems. The nurse educated at the associate degree (diploma) level will be a member of a nursing team and practice within specific limits. The nurse prepared at the baccalaureate level will have a more comprehensive education to help evaluate and design a patient's treatment plan, perform research, coordinate the work of other health personnel, and attain advanced degrees in specialized clinical areas. To answer many of the objections to its proposal, the ANA has emphasized the need for implementing continuing education programs for all nurses and baccalaureate-degree programs for diploma and associate-degree nurses who want to earn that degree. ANA advocates that such programs give credit for the experience and the on-the-job training that registered nurses have had. Establishing standardized education for nursing is proposed as the best means for the profession to be prepared to meet the demands of the future and for the delivery of better health care. PMID- 7294036 TI - Effect of exposure on physicians' attitudes toward clinical pharmacists. AB - The effect of exposure to clinical pharmacists on physicians' favorability toward clinical pharmacy was studied. Questionnaires were sent to 576 physicians belonging to a county medical society. The survey measured the extent to which physicians agreed that hospital pharmacists should: (1) maintain drug profiles, (2) monitor prescribing patterns of physicians to preempt adverse reactions, (3) counsel patients at bedside, (4) decide on the frequency of use and dosage forms of physician-prescribed drugs, and (5) independently choose the drug to be prescribed based in the physician's diagnosis. A Guttman scale of task favorability was computed and compared four respondent groups: (1) physicians unaware of clinical tasks being practiced in hospitals, (2) physicians aware of clinical services but not knowing the clinical pharmacists, (3) physicians knowing the pharmacists but not working with them, and (4) physicians working with clinical pharmacists. There were 180 usable responses. While all groups were unfavorable to pharmacists independently choosing drugs, the physicians in groups exposed to pharmacists were favorable toward pharmacists counseling patients (p less than 0.001) and deciding on frequency of use and dosage forms of physician prescribed drugs (p less than 0.05). More than 90% of the physicians working with clinical pharmacists ranked their quality of work as good or excellent. Exposure was related to specialty, risk of malpractice claim, and participation in hospital meetings. Exposure had a positive effect on the favorability of physicians toward clinical pharmacists and their services. PMID- 7294037 TI - Men and women as pharmacy managers. AB - The managerial position held by men and women pharmacists in three primary practice settings were examined and compared. A nationwide survey, using a pretested 12-page questionnaire, was sent to 2100 pharmacists in hospitals, independently owned pharmacies, and chain-store pharmacies. The variables examined by discriminant analysis were sex, age, years with employer, the number of times a pharmacist left practice, and educational level. A total of 767 completed questionnaires were used in the analysis for a 39.6% response rate, and 57.6% of the sample was women. Women were found to be significantly under represented in managerial positions in all three practice settings; however, there were a greater percentage of women in managerial positions in hospital pharmacies than in independently owned or chain-store pharmacies (p less than or equal to 0.001). When age was controlled in the analysis, there were more women at the staff level than men in all the age categories above 25. The discriminant analysis showed that advanced education was a significant factor in a pharmacist's position in hospital pharmacies but not in community pharmacies. The sex of the pharmacist showed the highest discriminating power in classifying the position of community pharmacists. Women pharmacists were under represented in managerial positions in all three practice environments. However, hospital pharmacy had a greater percentage of women in managerial positions than community pharmacy. PMID- 7294038 TI - Cost comparison of two antimicrobial regimens for treating mixed aerobic anaerobic infections. AB - The costs of cefoxitin sodium therapy and clindamycin phosphate plus amikacin sulfate therapy for mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections were compared. A randomized, prospective study was undertaken with 70 adult patients with documented or suspected serious aerobic-anaerobic infections. It had been shown that the two therapies did not differ in efficacy or incidence of toxicity. The cost to the pharmacy for one day's therapy was chosen as the unit of cost comparison. Cost-per-day data were calculated by the unit-price and price allocation methods with and without a sterile-products charge. Amikacin was added to the cefoxitin regimen when resistant organisms were cultured. To extend the analysis to other aminoglycosides, rough comparisons were made for "equivalent" doses of tobramycin sulfate and gentamicin sulfate. Fifty-four patients completed the trial (77%). The cost of cefoxitin therapy was significantly less than that of clindamycin plus amikacin therapy and cefoxitin plus amikacin therapy (p less than 0.001) by both pricing methods. When gentamicin and tobramycin were substituted for amikacin sulfate, the cost per day for therapy, according to the price-allocation method, was still significantly less for cefoxitin (p less than 0.001). Cost analysis is an important component in the selection of the appropriate therapy after the efficacy and toxicity of therapeutic regimens have been shown to be equivalent. PMID- 7294039 TI - Forecast of the future of hospital pharmacy in Australia. AB - A study was undertaken to forecast the future of hospital pharmacy in Australia over the next 10-20 years. Future activities of hospital pharmacists, activities that should be downgraded or abandoned, and problems predicted to confront hospital pharmacists were identified. A modified Delphi technique using a series of three questionnaires, interspersed with controlled opinion feedback, was employed. In hospitals throughout Australia, 68 directors of pharmacy participated in the study. The final response rate of the survey was 72% (49/68). The consensus was that hospital pharmacists should: (1) perform activities that have a strong clinical emphasis, make greater use of computers in many areas of practice, offer extended hours of service, help develop graduate and postgraduate courses, and undertake a greater role in teaching and research; (2) downgrade activities of a repetitive, nonprofessional nature, especially those that could be performed by support personnel, such as bulk manufacturing, clerical duties, drug repackaging and handling, and dispensing procedures; and (3) abandon the purchase of nonpharmaceutical products, the manufacture of products commercially available, and certain clerical functions. It was predicted that pharmacists may face problems relating to financial restriction, managerial ability, quality of staff, and loss of professional integrity in the future. The results suggested that the future of hospital pharmacy in Australia will be subject to considerable change with respect to the activities undertaken by pharmacists and the problems that the profession may confront. PMID- 7294040 TI - Evaluating antimicrobial use with an algorithm. AB - An algorithm (integrated series of screening criteria) for evaluating antimicrobial use is described. The algorithm was initially designed during a survey of the antimicrobial use for 117 patients. After the survey, the criteria in the algorithm were refined by a literature search; 10 criteria in the algorithm were added, six of which concerned the prophylactic use of antimicrobials. Two hospitals used the algorithm and reported that it reduced the number of hours needed to establish final audit criteria. PMID- 7294041 TI - Aminoglycoside monitoring program. AB - An aminoglycoside monitoring program (AMP) using pharmacokinetic variables is described. The AMP was established in one patient-care pharmacy that served 69 medical/surgical beds. The pharmacists received a two-hr instructional course designed to refamiliarize them with basic pharmacokinetic concepts and the practical application of these concepts. A form was developed to assist monitoring. From data recorded on the form, pharmacists calculate ideal body weight, creatinine clearance, predicted rate of elimination, half-life, volume of distribution, serum peak (Cmax) and serum trough (Cmin) concentrations, dosing interval, and maintenance dose. Aminoglycoside therapy is evaluated and assessed daily based on whether or not: (1) predicted Cmax or Cmin concentrations are above the recommended concentrations, (2) predicted Cmax or Cmin are below the recommended concentrations, or (3) actual serum concentrations are necessary before a dose assessment is made. The pharmacist notifies the physician and records any recommendations concerning aminoglycoside therapy. Within the first year of the program, 304 patients were placed on tobramycin or gentamicin therapy; for 21% of them, dosage recommendations were made to the physician. The AMP provides the hospital pharmacist with an opportunity to use aminoglycoside pharmacokinetic theory in everyday practice. PMID- 7294042 TI - Training patients to administer intravenous antibiotics at home. AB - A home intravenous antibiotic infusion program (HIAP) implemented in a 256-bed, nonteaching, primary-care hospital is described. Physicians initiate participation in the program by referring a patient to clinical pharmacists and intravenous team nurses. Patients are evaluated on the basis of the following five criteria: (1) the infectious process has responded clinically to treatment, the patient has been afebrile for at least five days, and the physician has noted that the patient could be discharged if continued i.v. antibiotic therapy were not necessary; (2) the patient has successfully completed the pharmacist's teaching sessions on aseptic technique, the heparin-lock system, and the mechanics of i.v. antibiotic piggyback administration; (3) the patient has a family member or close friend who can attend the patient instruction sessions; (4) the patient has reasonably good veins, i.e., they have not readily developed phlebitis or heparin-lock occlusions, and there are a number of viable sites or the antecubital veins are accessible for insertion of a catheter, if necessary; and (5) a preliminary cost comparison indicates that the patient's participation in the HIAP would result in a cost savings. The therapeutic results of the HIAP were considered successful by the physicians. The i.v. team nurses noted no increase in heparin-lock site problems. The pharmacists spent an average of four hours teaching the HIAP patients, at a rate of $25 per hour. This cost was billed as a part of pharmacy services. Most of the insurance companies were willing to pay the entire charge for the HIAP. For eight patients treated in the program, savings of 128 bed-days and $18,968 were shown. the HIAP was found to be successful in terms of medical treatment and cost containment in a medium-sized, primary-care hospital. PMID- 7294043 TI - Accuracy of copper-reduction and glucose-oxidase tests for various glucose concentrations. AB - Three glucose-oxidase (Diastix) and two copper-reduction (Clinitest) urine tests for glucose were compared to determine the differences in accuracy for various concentrations of glucose. Fifty volunteers were assigned on a random basis to one of five urine-testing methods and to a testing order for eight glucose samples. The samples were assayed spectrophotometrically to verify the actual concentrations of glucose, ranging form 0.1 to 20.0%. Scale points were assigned to correspond to the different glucose concentrations. The deviation of the volunteers' determinations above or below the actual concentrations were recorded as error points. A one-way analysis was conducted on the error points to determine it there were significant differences among the five testing methods. Significant differences were found among the five testing methods (p less than 0.01). The five-drop Clinitest method was significantly less accurate than the 1:5 Diastix and the two-drop Clinitest methods. Significant differences were found among the five testing methods at low and medium glucose concentrations but not at the high concentrations. In the glucose concentration range of 0.1-0.25%, the Diastix method with no dilution was significantly less accurate (p less than 0.01) than the two-drop Clinitest method. In the 0.5-1.25% range, the two-drop Clinitest was more accurate than Diastix 1:5, 1:10, and five-drop Clinitest. Overall, the two-drop Clinitest procedure was most accurate, particularly at the lower concentrations of glucose. PMID- 7294044 TI - Effect of multidose therapy on cerebrospinal fluid penetration of cefazolin. AB - The relationship between serum concentrations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of cefazolin, and the association between these concentrations and neurotoxic reactions, were investigated. Samples of serum and spinal fluid were drawn simultaneously from six patients at the steady state on various dosages of cefazolin sodium for different conditions. The dose, dosing interval, number of doses, results of renal function tests, and signs of neurotoxicity, such as muscle twitches, confusion, and seizures, were recorded. The concentrations of cefazolin in the serum and CSF, total serum protein, and percent albumin were determined. Five of the six patients given multiple doses of cefazolin sodium had notable CSF accumulation of the drug (11.3 +/- 2.7% of the serum concentration). Three patients experienced generalized focal-motor seizures during their therapy. Neurotoxicity was found to be associated with renal dysfunction and multiple-dose therapy leading to serum concentrations greater than 360 micrograms/ml and CFS concentrations greater than 34 micrograms/ml. Cefazolin will penetrate into the CSF in patients receiving multiple-dose therapy of the drug. To avoid neurotoxicity, careful attention should be paid to the recommended dosage regimens, the impact of renal dysfunction on drug clearance should be recognized, and serum assays should be performed when necessary. PMID- 7294045 TI - Factors affecting the labeling efficiency and stability of technetium-99m-labeled glucoheptonate. AB - Factors influencing the labeling efficiency and in vitro stability of 99mTc labeled glucoheptonate (Tc-GH) were investigated. Using commercially available glucoheptonate kits (New England Nuclear), the following factors were studied: (1) amount of activity added to each kit vial, (2) different brands of 0.9% sodium chloride injection, (3) evaluation of eluates from three commercially available generators, (4) different chromatography systems, (5) storage of the preparation at room temperature and under refrigeration, and (6) labeling with eluates obtained at various times (6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) since previous elution of the generator. Results showed that Tc-GH prepared using 100 mCi of sodium pertechnetate from a Mallinckrodt generator, low-dissolved-oxygen 0.9% sodium chloride injection to make up a constant 5-ml volume, and chromatography with methyl ethyl ketone/sodium chloride on an ITLC-SG system gave the best labeling efficiency over a 24-hour period. Storage temperature and time since previous elution had no effect on labeling efficiency or stability. PMID- 7294046 TI - Effects of particulate matter from carbenicillin disodium solution on human macrophages in vitro. AB - The effects of particulate matter from reconstituted carbenicillin disodium on cultures of human macrophages was studied. Particulate matter from commercially available carbenicillin disodium was collected on 0.1 micrometer membrane filters. Monocytes/macrophages obtained from human peripheral blood were cultivated on the particle bearing surface of the filter in culture medium. The cells were incubated in tissue cultures dishes at a concentration of 2 x 10(6) cells per dish. Experimental and control cultures were observed over six days for changes in morphology, cell membrane integrity, phagocytic capacity, and viability. Exposure of the cells to the particles was not cytotoxic. Cell membrane integrity remained intact as shown by no increase of LDH in the extracellular fluid. The phagocytic capacity of the cell system was not impaired as assessed by observing the intracellular levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Morphological changes as monitored by phase contrast and bright field microscopy were consistent with increased cellular activity. Particulate matter from carbenicillin disodium may not be toxic to human macrophages in vitro for up to six days. At the concentrations used in this study, particulate matter did not lower the phagocytic capacity of human macrophages in vitro. PMID- 7294047 TI - Phenytoin-induced hyperglycemia. AB - A case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a 64-year-old black woman with maturity-onset diabetes receiving phenytoin for a seizure disorder is reported. The woman was admitted to the hospital with a one-day history of polyuria and polydipsia. For the 10 months before admission, her diabetes was controlled with isophane insulin suspension 27 units daily. She also took phenytoin 100 mg orally three times a day. This was prescribed approximately six weeks earlier for right-sided focal seizures that were detected by electroencephalogram during a previous hospitalization for nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. No other medications were taken. The patient was treated with i.v. fluids and intermittent doses of i.v. insulin. Her condition rapidly improved and insulin zinc suspension 35 units daily was prescribed on discharge. Phenytoin was discontinued because the seizure disorder was considered secondary to the previous episode of hyperosmolar coma. A literature review of phenytoin-induced hyperglycemia is presented, including previous case reports, possible mechanisms of action, monitoring guidelines, and potential therapeutic uses. If hyperglycemia occurs in a patient taking phenytoin, especially after starting phenytoin therapy or increasing the dose, drug-induced hyperglycemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 7294048 TI - Accidental systemic exposure to sodium hypochlorite (Chlorox) during hemodialysis. AB - A case of accidental exposure of a patient undergoing hemodialysis to a sodium hypochlorite solution is reported. A 61-year-old woman was completing a hemodialysis treatment when routine cleaning of the hemodialysis machine was started. Approximately two liters of undiluted sodium hypochlorite cleaning solution (Chlorox) was added to the dialysis bath, soaking the membrane fibers. For less than two minutes the Chlorox-soaked membrane was in contact with the blood returning to the patient. This accident led to massive hemolysis, hyperkalemia, cyanosis, and cardiopulmonary arrest. Hemolysis may have been caused by the hypertonic solution, rapid exothermic protein degradation, alkaline degradation, or another mechanism. The sudden rise and fall in the concentrations of serum electrolytes and subsequent hyperkalemia was the most probable cause for the cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started, the patient was intubated, given oxygen, sodium bicarbonate, atropine, dopamine, and isoproterenol. Sodium thiosulfate 5 g was administered by a nasogastric tube approximately 25 minutes after the cardiac arrest as a neutralizing reducing agent. The patient's condition stabilized, and she recovered after a week of hospitalization. Cleaning solutions used in the routine cleaning of hemodialysis machinery represent potentially toxic agents. Hemodialysis procedures should ensure that cleaning and sterilizing solutions cannot accidentally come into contact with a dialysis machine that is still connected to the patient. PMID- 7294049 TI - Types of heparin used in renal dialysis units. PMID- 7294050 TI - Use review of intravenous infusion devices. PMID- 7294051 TI - Evaluation of a warfarin dosing protocol in treating pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7294052 TI - Salaries and benefits received by pharmacy residents. PMID- 7294053 TI - Update on drug information centers in the United States. PMID- 7294054 TI - Comparison of methods for estimating digoxin dosing regimens: further analysis. PMID- 7294055 TI - Drug-use review and risk management. AB - The concept of a combined drug-use-review (DUR) and risk-management program is discussed. Traditionally, hospital quality-assurance efforts addressed issues of patient care while risk management dealt with hospital liability by ensuring patients' custodial safety. Because most malpractice claims result from negligence in patient care, an integrated approach to quality assurance and risk management is appropriate. One of the first steps in improving patient care and reducing hospital liability is prevention of avoidable, medically related patient injuries. Studies show that many medical injuries are related to drug exposure. Concurrent comparison of medication orders and administration with selected process criteria could provide early detection and prevention of many drug related episodes. PMID- 7294056 TI - Some research opportunities in hospital pharmacy. AB - Research opportunities in hospital pharmacy, especially in administrative and managerial areas, are discussed. Six areas of hospital pharmacy practice that have potential for research are discussed: personnel, inventory, services, evaluation, management, and research/education. Specific topics mentioned are employee satisfaction, technicians and their impact on hospital pharmacy, purchasing, use of electronic data processing in inventory control, extent of decentralization of pharmaceutical services, pharmacy and therapeutics committees, reimbursement for consultations and pharmacokinetics services, quality assurance, evaluation of pharmacy management, and the cost-benefit ratio of research and education activities. PMID- 7294057 TI - Nephropathy as a hazard of analgesic abuse. AB - Analgesic nephropathy is discussed. It has been estimated that 5-7% of all patients with chronic renal failure have a history of excessive analgesic use. Chronic analgesic abusers are predominantly women (3:1), and the peak incidence is between the ages of 40-60. Most analgesic abusers have some psychoneurosis with a history of headaches, backaches, arthritis, or ulcers. Several mechanisms for this nephrotoxicity have been proposed. It is thought that the ingestion of aspirin with phenacetin modifies the metabolism or alters the renal tissue response to one of these two drugs in such a manner as to increase toxicity. It has been proposed that the oxidative metabolites of phenacetin act in conjunction with aspirin to cause papillary necrosis. Chronic renal failure, a history of excessive analgesic use, radiological evidence of papillary necrosis, and clinical evidence of hematuria and mild proteinuria may confirm the diagnosis of analgesic nephropathy. Pharmacists should be aware of the indicence of analgesic nephropathy, and the general profile of patients who abuse analgesics. Early detection and cessation of analgesic use may avert progressive renal failure. Pharmacists should advise patients on the long-term complications of chronic analgesic use. PMID- 7294058 TI - Lapsus--caveat emptor: Coffin-Lowry syndrome vs Coffin-Siris syndrome--an example of confusion compounded. PMID- 7294059 TI - Brief clinical report: dysgerminoma in a patient with the syndrome of gonadal dysgenesis with a 45,X karyotype. PMID- 7294060 TI - Schisis-association. AB - The neural tube defects (anencephaly, encephalocele, spina bifida cystica), oral clefts (cleft lip +/- palate, posterior cleft palate), omphalocele, and diaphragmatic hernia associate with one another far more frequently than at the expected random combination rates. The combination of other abnormalities does not exceed the expected rate. Thus, two or more combinations of schisis-type abnormalities without other defects were treated as a provisional entity. The schisis-association is practically a lethal abnormality. It occurs more often in girls (sex ratio: 0.33), in twins (4.6%), in breech presentations (13.7%), in association with lower mean birth weight (1,931 gm), and in association with a shorter gestation period (36.4 weeks). Mothers of affected children have a significantly higher miscarriage rate; occurrence of schisis-type abnormalities was found in 3.7% of the sibs of index patients. However, except for one, the sib occurrences of schisis abnormalities were isolated neural tube defects or oral clefts. PMID- 7294061 TI - A comprehensive scoring system for evaluating Noonan syndrome. AB - A multidisciplinary team assessed 23 patients with various manifestations of the Noonan syndrome, including pulmonary valve stenosis (with leaflet dysplasia), "typical" facial appearance (including hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, flat nasal bridge, and apparently low-set ears), short stature, and mental retardation. Seven patients had a family history of the syndrome. A comprehensive scoring system was devised on the basis of frequency and severity of manifestations and results of invasive and noninvasive tests in these patients and those reported in the literature. The scoring system was condensed into a score card for clinical use and validated by "blind" application to patients with isolated pulmonary valve stenosis or suspected Noonan syndrome. Use of a scoring system to diagnose a syndrome for which there is no specific diagnostic test facilitates accuracy and decreases observer bias. In the case of unusual congenital disorders it is particularly valuable for a pediatrician in general practice. PMID- 7294062 TI - Amniocyte clones for prenatal cytogenetics. AB - Amniotic fluid cells were processed in situ on coverslips in 1,429 consecutive cases from Colorado and Arizona. Two true chromosome mosaics were differentiated from 39 pseudomosaics with clarity by the method described here in detail. The culture failure rate was 1--2% and the error rate was 0% in both laboratories. The time in culture prior to the initial harvest for the last 329 cases was 8.7 days. PMID- 7294065 TI - A.I.D. and genetics: some further thoughts. PMID- 7294064 TI - Congenital androgen insensitivity due to a qualitatively abnormal androgen receptor. PMID- 7294066 TI - Meiotic consequences of pericentric inversions of chromosome 13. AB - A case is presented demonstrating meiotic consequences of inheritance of a pericentric inversion, inv(13)(p13q21), and suggesting, together with other similar reports reviewed, that certain manifestations (highly arched palate, long philtrum, polydactyly, microphthalmia, and capillary hemangiomata) result from duplication of the distal 13q while others (cleft lip/palate, scalp defects, congenital heart disease) result from duplication of the proximal 13q. PMID- 7294067 TI - Brief clinical report: 46,XX, del (18p) with amenorrhea, hypothyroidism, and ptosis. AB - A 17-year-old girl was initially evaluated because of primary amenorrhea and lack of sexual development. Chromosome studies demonstrated the presence of 46,XX, del (18p). The patient is now 21 years old and still has not menstruated. This is the first reported case of 46,XX, del (18p) presenting with primary amenorrhea. The case is of additional interest in that ptosis, a common finding in this syndrome, was not present at birth but was first noted at age 9. PMID- 7294063 TI - Cytogenetic studies of familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease. AB - We present cytogenetic findings in 7 familial and 5 sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and 34 unaffected relatives, spouses, and normal controls. Our study was prompted by reports of increased chromosome abnormalities in patients and family members at risk for AD. Coded peripheral blood chromosome preparations were evaluated for aneuploidy, aberration rates, and banding patterns. Statistical analyses of our results showed no increase in aneuploidy or aberrations in AD patients, their relatives, or normals. Chromosome loss or gain in aneuploid cells was not specific except in two individuals. These two older persons studied, one with AD and one unaffected, were observed to have increased sex chromosome aneuploidy. This finding was attributed to aging and was not considered to be an effect of AD. PMID- 7294069 TI - Dermo-distortive urticaria: an autosomal dominant dermatologic disorder. AB - A new hereditary physical urticaria, dermo-distortive urticaria (DDU), is described in a Christian Lebanese family. DDU is characterized by the appearance of pruritic, erythematosus, edematous, cutaneous swelling confined to the stimulated area in response to stimuli that vibrate or stretch the skin in a repetitive manner. The lesions appear within several minutes after stimulation and disappear within an hour. Extensive stimulation causes not only local urticaria but also a systemic response of faintness, headache, and facial erythema. Other than these annoying reactions, no other morbidity is associated with this disorder. While this disorder is certainly uncommon and its manifestations are more annoying than life threatening, it may be an important example of a heritable defect of inflammation control mechanisms. Although the mediator for the urticaria and systemic response was not isolated, a likely candidate is histamine. Computer analysis of the phenotype of 219 relatives in 6 generations shows that DDU is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance. DDU is clinically distinct from hereditary angioneurotic edema, pressure urticaria, and dermographia. It is similar to vibratory angioedema (VA), but sufficient evidence to prove that DDU and VA are identical is not available. PMID- 7294068 TI - Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome: autosomal-dominant inheritance in a family. AB - We report four additional cases of Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome (WBS): A mother, her brother, and two of her children (half-sibs). Theories of the genetic transmission of the WBS are reviewed. The trait in this family appears to be an autosomal-dominant with variable expressivity. A theory of delayed mutation of an unstable premutated gene is discussed and an interpretation and observations are offered which could alter slightly the expected pattern of inheritance. Eighty eight other family members were screened for evidence of WBS and noteworthy findings are presented. PMID- 7294071 TI - Progressive spastic paraparesis, vitiligo, premature graying, and distinct facial appearance: a new genetic syndrome in 3 sibs. AB - We describe progressive spastic paraparesis of the lower limbs in the presence of generalized vitiligo, premature graying of body hair, and distinct facial appearance in 3 sibs whose parents are first cousins. The condition is considered an autosomal recessive trait. The pathogenesis of this neurocutaneous disorder is unknown. PMID- 7294070 TI - A genetic-epidemiologic study of human immune responsiveness to allergens in an industrial population: I. Epidemiology of reported allergy and skin-test positivity. AB - Four hundred six subjects, comprising a 10% random sample of all employees, and a sample of "self-reported" allergic employees of a light industrial plant participated in an epidemiologic study of allergy. Puncture skin testing with a wide variety of crude allergens revealed a significantly higher prevalence of IgE mediated sensitivity in males than females (29% males and 7% females in a random group; 60% males and 30% females in a self-reported allergic group); however, reported prevalence rates for "allergy" and different allergic symptoms were generally not different between males and females. Interestingly, reported asthma was greater in skin-test-positive subjects than in skin-test-negative subjects. We also noted a decrease in skin-test positivity with increasing age in self reported allergic subjects. This was significant in the case of several crude allergens but not in the case of positivity to at least one allergen. We also found evidence that people born in and who have been resident in "Zone I) (MD, PA, Del, NJ, or DC) for most of their lives exhibit a greater prevalence of skin test positivity than people who were born in and have lived for much of their lives in the northeastern United States (east of the Mississippi River and to the north of South Carolina) other than in Zone I. PMID- 7294073 TI - Effect of general and peridural anesthesia on the concentrations of prolactin and cortisol in maternal plasma. PMID- 7294072 TI - An animal model of gestational diabetes. AB - Glucose tolerance tests (GTTs), hemoglobin A, levels, and pup weights were studied in both normal (C57BL/KsJ-+m/ + m) and heterozygous (C57BL/KsJ-db+/ + m) mice. There was no difference in GTT or hemoglobin A, levels between heterozygotes and normal animals in the nonpregnant state. However, the pregnant heterozygous mouse had significantly elevated GTTs (p less than 0.001) and hemoglobin A, levels (p less than 0.002) when compared to the normal pregnant mouse. The mean weight of pups from heterozygous parents was significantly greater than that of pups from normal parents (p less than 0.0005). Because the heterozygous mouse (C57BL/KsJ-db+/ + m) exhibits these characteristics of gestational diabetes, it may be possible to use it as an animal model of gestational diabetes. PMID- 7294075 TI - Response of ovine uterine blood flow to angiotensin II: effect on the fetus. AB - The effect of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (2 to 200 ng/kg/min) on uterine blood flow and cardiovascular performance was studied in the normotensive, unanesthetized pregnant ewe. With low rates of infusion (2 to 4 ng/kg/min), only a transient increase in uterine blood flow, lasting 1 to 3 minutes, was observed. Higher rates (110 to 200 ng/kg/min) of infusion caused a decrease in uterine blood flow; this decrease was significantly correlated to the dose. Angiotensin II also caused a significant decrease in the maternal heart rate and an increase in mean maternal arterial blood pressure as the rate of infusion was increased. A high rate of infusion resulted in decreased fetal heart rate and PaO2, probably due to a marked reduction in uteroplacental blood flow. PMID- 7294074 TI - Clinical experience with a screening program for gestational diabetes. AB - Screening for abnormal glucose metabolism was carried out in 2,077 pregnant women. Historical or clinical risk factors for gestational diabetes were present in 959 women (group 1). The remaining 1,118 patients composed group 2. A 50 gm oral glucose load and a 1-hour serum glucose determination with a threshold of 150 mg/dl were used as a glucose challenge screening test (GCT). Patients with an abnormal GCT underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (GTT). Group 1 patients underwent screening at the initial clinic visit or when the clinical risk factor was first recognized, with repeat screening at 28 to 32 weeks if the initial testing was normal. Group 2 patients were screened at 28 to 32 weeks. In group 1, 69 patients (7.2%) exhibited an abnormal GCT and 14 (1.5%) demonstrated an abnormal GTT. In group 2, 68 patients (6.1%) exhibited an abnormal GCT and 16 (1.4%) demonstrated an abnormal GTT. These incidences are not statistically different. The estimated costs per patient screened and per case of gestational diabetes detected were $4.75 and $328.96, respectively. PMID- 7294076 TI - The treatment of unresolved grief following loss of an infant. AB - This article includes a discussion of several factors in the development of unresolved grief and the emergence of a different state of mind, a self-image that is less able to cope with the stress of loss. Emphasis is placed on the issue of previous sensitization to loss stemming from childhood experiences. A case example is presented to illustrate the treatment of unresolved grief and the need to recognize the importance of developmental experiences in the patient's current mode of dealing with the stress of loss. Some suggestions are presented to assist the busy physician in dealing with patients who have experienced infant loss and in deciding when to refer such patients to psychiatrists. PMID- 7294077 TI - Prospective randomized study of corticosteroids in the management of premature rupture of the membranes and the premature gestation. AB - A prospective randomized study involving patients with premature rupture of the membranes between the twenty-eighth week and the thirty-fourth week of pregnancy was conducted. Patients with chorioamnionitis, advanced labor, and fetal distress, as well as those with mature lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios and/or Gram stains positive for bacteria, were delivered immediately. The remaining patients were randomized. One group received betamethasone. Tocolytic agents were used in this group when necessary. After 48 hours all patients given corticosteroids (CS group) were delivered). The second group was managed expectantly (EM group) and were delivered only when spontaneous labor or infection occurred. A total of 160 patients were randomized, 80 in each group. Maternal outcome, including chorioamnionitis and cesarean section rates, was not different; however, the endometritis rate was significantly higher in the CS group (p less than 0.05). Neonatal outcome did not differ in mean birth weights, perinatal death rates, neonatal infections, or incidences of respiratory distress. The frequency of prolonged hospital stay (greater than 4 weeks) was higher in the neonates in the CS group (p less than 0.01). The conclusion is that corticosteroids and active management in patients with premature rupture of the membranes and premature gestations do not decrease the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome or perinatal mortality and may aggravate certain infectious complications. PMID- 7294078 TI - Intrapartum assessment of the postdate fetus. AB - Continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) and routine sampling of fetal scalp blood were utilized to evaluate the intrapartum performance of 82 fetuses of postdates pregnancies. A comparison was made between this group and 260 term pregnancies. The incidences of abnormal FHR patterns were not different between the postdates group and the control group. All of the postdates neonates with low 5 minute Apgar scores had passed meconium. The mean pH values of the postdates fetuses with meconium were significantly lower than those of the control group at each sampling interval (i.e., early labor, late labor, and umbilical artery). Those fetuses with thick meconium had significantly lower pH values in late labor than did those with thin meconium. Continuous electronic FHR monitoring is recommended for intrapartum surveillance of all postdates patients. Because of the increased incidence of fetal acidosis in the presence of thick meconium, sampling of fetal scalp blood is not unreasonable even with a normal FHR pattern. PMID- 7294079 TI - A new modality in nonstress testing: evaluation of beat-to-beat fetal heart rate variability. AB - Fetal monitoring equipment that provided accurate external measurement of the interval between each fetal heartbeat permitted the evaluation of beat-to-beat fetal heart rate (FHR) variability as part of routine nonstress testing. Nonstress tests (NSTs) were performed on 350 high-risk patients over a 12-month period. The beat-to-beat FHR variability and the reactivity of the last NST within 7 days of labor were analyzed in relation to the appearance of fetal distress during labor as indicated by late decelerations. Beat-to-beat FHR variability combined with nonstress testing was more predictive of subsequent fetal distress than nonstress testing alone. In all instances, complete loss of beat-to-beat FHR was followed by fetal distress during labor. Fetal distress was present in only 39% of labors following nonreactive NSTs. The inclusion of beat to-beat FHR variability in nonstress testing can significantly aid in the detection of fetal compromise. PMID- 7294080 TI - A controlled trial of fetal heart rate monitoring in a low-risk obstetric population. AB - A controlled trial of fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in a low-risk obstetric population was carried out in 989 patients at the Mercy Maternity Hospital and Queen Victoria Medical Centre. The use of monitoring failed to demonstrate any improvement in perinatal outcome. Monitoring was associated with an increased intervention rate and a small increase in the number of babies who remained in the isolette beyond 3 days. This study does not support the view that FHR monitoring should be used in all labors. Further study in a larger sample is recommended. PMID- 7294081 TI - A comparison of estrogen use by women with endometrial cancer, gynecologic disorders, and other illnesses. AB - Exogenous estrogen use was determined by interview in 206 endometrial cancer patients, 191 women with nonmalignant gynecologic disorders, and 199 women with other illnesses. Separate comparisons of these patients with gynecologic and other illness control subjects provided estimates of the risk of endometrial cancer among estrogen users, adjusted for the effects of confounding variables, of 1.5 (95% confidence limits 0.9 and 2.7) and 4.8 (2.7 and 8.4), respectively. In both comparisons, risk increased with increasing duration of use; regardless of duration of use, risks were higher among users of estrogen within 12 months of diagnosis than among past users. The effects of bias, including surveillance bias, on the results were considered and it was concluded that the true risk was not less than the case/gynecologic control estimate and was likely to approach the case/other control estimate. PMID- 7294083 TI - Ultrasound determination of fetal sex. PMID- 7294082 TI - Estrogen and progestin receptors in endometriosis lesions: comparison with endometrial tissue. AB - Cytosol estrogen (ER) and progestin (PR) receptors were quantified in 47 endometriosis lesions from 41 patients and compared with receptor measurements in the endometrial tissue of nine of these patients. Half of the specimens of endometriosis tissue contained PR only, in concentrations that were significantly lower than in the endometrium. Only 30% of the specimens of endometriosis tissue contained the two receptors simultaneously, and levels of ER were very low compared with those in the endometrium. Levels of PR in the specimens of endometriosis tissue were highest at the periovulatory period, whereas concentrations of ER tended to be highest at the beginning and close to the end of the cycle. These results suggest that regulation of these receptors is dissimilar in endometriosis lesions and endometrium. It remains to be seen whether differences in receptor distribution in the lesions of individual patients could explain differences in the course of this disease, and have therapeutic implications. The presence of PR in the majority of the endometriosis lesions is in accord with the favorable therapeutic response often obtained with progestin treatment of this disease. PMID- 7294084 TI - Variable deceleration on nonstress test of monoamniotic twins. PMID- 7294085 TI - Appendiceal perforation by Copper-7 intrauterine contraceptive device. PMID- 7294086 TI - Intrauterine fetal death during cervical ripening with laminaria. PMID- 7294087 TI - Amniotic band syndrome associated with amniocentesis. PMID- 7294088 TI - Intra-amniotic infusion of antimicrobial drugs. PMID- 7294089 TI - Estimation of blood volume in pregnant patients. PMID- 7294090 TI - Test tube babies: fact or fiction? PMID- 7294091 TI - Histologic and electron microscopic assessment of endothelial damage produced by anterior radial keratotomy in the monkey cornea. AB - We performed anterior radial keratotomy on the right eyes of nine rhesus monkeys, making eight incisions of various depths from 0.36 to 0.5 mm with a No. 76-A Beaver blade. After three months, corneal buttons were obtained from the operated on eyes of seven monkeys by penetrating keratoplasty and two monkeys were killed, and both operated and unoperated on eyes were enucleated. We examined the specimens by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We saw linear protrusions on the posterior cornea beneath and parallel to the radial keratotomy incisions in all cases. There were swollen endothelial cells at the central cornea in three eyes. In eight corneas, we saw damaged endothelial cells with invading inflammatory cells. The control eyes showed no abnormal histologic findings. These findings suggested that deeper incisions cause more endothelial damage, possibly in relation to structural weakness produced in the cornea. We think that cuts in Bowman's membrane and in the stromal tissue may cause corneal stretching, resulting in a continuing process of injury to the endothelial cell layer. There may be long-term, continuing damage to the corneal endothelium after anterior radial keratotomy. PMID- 7294092 TI - The effect of air on human corneal endothelium. PMID- 7294093 TI - Ocular malformation in association with ipsilateral facial nevus of Jadassohn. AB - A 13-year-old boy had ocular malformations and a sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn. The salient features included left frontoparietal alopecia, a pigmented flat nevus anterior to the left tragus, and a left-sided fleshy corneoscleral limbal mass. Histopathologic analysis showed a complex choristoma of lacrimal tissue and cartilage, together with intrascleral cartilage and bone. Deformity of the left sphenoid bone, dilatation of the left lateral ventricle, and localized atrophy of the left cerebral hemisphere were evident, but the patient had no history of seizures, no neurologic deficit, and normal mentality. Patients with a sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn should be examined for ocular malformations and watched closely for the development of malignant nevoid tumors within the area of the nevus. PMID- 7294094 TI - Pseudomonas corneoscleral ulcers. PMID- 7294095 TI - Rapid recurrence of papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the canaliculus. AB - We treated a 76-year-old man who had an epithelial carcinoma that involved the canaliculus and extended into the lacrimal sac. Despite what appeared to be adequate resection (the surgical margins were completely free of tumor on both frozen and paraffin section), the tumor recurred less than one month later. The patient underwent wide local incision, including en bloc removal of the medial third of both eyelids and inner canthi, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct, and resection of the anterior lacrimal crest, lacrimal bone, anterior portion of the ethmoid bone, anterior medial wall of the maxilla, and subjacent periosteum and mucous membranes. Sixteen months later, the tumor has not recurred. This infiltrating papillary squamous cell carcinoma histologically demonstrated the most rapid and destructive recurrence of any such tumor originating in the lacrimal system. PMID- 7294096 TI - An immunopathologic study of giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with an ocular prosthesis. AB - A 21-year-old woman, whose left eye had been enucleated when she was 2 years old, developed giant papillary conjunctivitis and experienced ocular discomfort and increased tearing when she wore her prosthesis. Cultures grew normal flora, and topical antibiotics failed to relieve her symptoms. Immunopathologic studies of a conjunctival biopsy specimen disclosed plasma cells of all five classes of immunoglobulins in the substantia propria and many IgE-containing cells. Russell bodies found in some of the plasma cells were of the IgM and IgG types. The patient was treated with a 2% solution of cromolyn sodium, applied four times a day. Within one month, her symptoms had resolved, there was less conjunctival congestion, and the papillae were much less prominent. Our findings suggested that there may be a heterogenous humoral response in giant papillary conjunctivitis along with a strong immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity component. PMID- 7294097 TI - Tension lines in intraocular lenses. PMID- 7294098 TI - A new single-parameter ocular rigidity function. PMID- 7294099 TI - Afferent pupillary defect in macular degeneration. PMID- 7294100 TI - An ultrasonographic study of early buckle height after sponge explants. PMID- 7294101 TI - Aqueous humor dynamics in a series of patients with third neuron Horner's syndrome. AB - We studied aqueous humor dynamics in a group of 21 human subjects, each of whom had third neuron Horner's syndrome in one eye and a normal fellow eye. The diagnosis had been made at least four months before this study began. We estimated the degree of involvement with Lowenstein-Loewenfeld pupillography with and without hydroxyamphetamine. Surprisingly, aqueous humor dynamics were normal in the eyes with Horner's syndrome. The mean intraocular pressure was 1 mm Hg less than that of the normal eyes. Aqueous humor flow and tonographic facility of outflow were normal, as was the response to the beta-blocker timolol. However, the response of the eyes with Horner's syndrome to epinephrine was abnormal. The normal eyes showed an increase in aqueous humor flow after epinephrine administration and the eyes with Horner's syndrome showed a decrease. PMID- 7294102 TI - New clinical aspects of stimulus deprivation amblyopia. AB - An analysis of clinical data from 11 patients with stimulus deprivation amblyopia showed that amblyopia occurs after monocular visual deprivation that begins between birth and the age of 5 3/4 years and lasts for one to 36 months. Contrary to previous impressions, stimulus deprivation amblyopia does respond to occlusion therapy of the nondeprived eye. As a rule, improvement in visual acuity can be expected in patients whose visual deprivation began after the age of 30 months. In those patients whose visual deprivation began at birth or during infancy, treatment was unsuccessful when started after the age of 2 1/2 years. However, clinical data from one patient treated successfully during infancy indicated that the deleterious effects of visual deprivation from birth may be preventable. PMID- 7294103 TI - Pigmentary macular degeneration with multifocal necrotizing encephalopathy. AB - A previously healthy 10-year-old girl suffered sudden, binocular visual deterioration. During the next few years her neurologic and visual condition progressively worsened and she developed hypertension, seizures, ataxia, and lactic acidemia, leading to death at the age of 16 years. Bilateral optic disk pallor was followed by the loss of the foveal reflex and pigmentary maculopathy, manifested as disorganization of the retinal layers, loss of ganglion cells, degeneration of the photoreceptors and nuclei, and irregular infiltration of the retina by pigment epithelial cells. The optic nerves and tracts showed central axonal loss. Bilateral, multifocal symmetric areas of cerebral atrophy and necrosis of the neuropil and neurons in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus were observed; neurons persisted in the dorsal medulla, despite neuropil degeneration. PMID- 7294104 TI - Inexpensive objective lenses for indirect ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 7294106 TI - Syphilitic optic perineuritis. PMID- 7294105 TI - An easy-to-make disposable irrigation-aspiration cannula. PMID- 7294107 TI - Corneal sensation after thermocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion. PMID- 7294108 TI - Malignant hyperthermia syndrome. AB - Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic disease involving uninhibited flow of calcium ion into the muscle substance. This leads to a combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis and the liberation of heat. If not immediately controlled, cellular death results. We treated a 4-year-old girl who suffered a malignant hyperthermia crisis during strabismus surgery. Hyperventilation with 100% oxygen and intravenously administered dantrolene sodium, furosemide, and fluids controlled the attack and the child recovered completely. PMID- 7294109 TI - Macular edema and cystoid macular edema. AB - We examined the foveomacular regions from three eyes in which fluorescein angiography had demonstrated the characteristic appearance of cystoid macular edema by light and electron microscopy. Cystoid macular edema was present in two eyes (one of which was from a 63-year-old diabetic man) that contained peripheral choroidal melanomas, and in a third eye from a patient with diabetes only. By light microscopy, cystoid macular degeneration was obvious only in the third eye. The electron microscopic findings common to all three eyes were widespread swelling and necrosis of Muller cell cytoplasm. There was no enlargement of intercellular spaces. There was secondary neuronal degeneration. Retinal vascular changes, consisting mainly of endothelial cell abnormalities, were found in all cases but were far more common in the two eyes from diabetic patients. The retinal vascular changes were probably the cause of the cystoid macular edema. PMID- 7294110 TI - A possible relationship between lattice and snail track degenerations of the retina. AB - We studied 1,000 eyes of 500 subjects in an attempt to discover a relationship between lattice and snail track degenerations of the peripheral retina. Because of the clinical similarities between these two degeneration lesions, we suggest that snail track degeneration is either a variant of or an early stage of lattice degeneration. Long-term follow-up of eyes with snail track degeneration is essential to detect any morphologic alteration in the lesions suggesting lattice degeneration. PMID- 7294111 TI - Intimo-intimal intussusception of the central retinal artery. PMID- 7294112 TI - Fulminant ocular toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7294113 TI - Explanted gelatin as an addition to the primary buckle in retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 7294116 TI - Lysozyme content of tears in some external eye infections. PMID- 7294114 TI - Developmental immaturity of the trabecular meshwork in congenital glaucoma. AB - We examined nine specimens of anterior chamber angle tissue obtained by trabeculectomy from seven patients with early-onset congenital glaucoma and one patient with late-onset congenital glaucoma by light and electron microscopy and compared them with specimens of trabecular meshwork from normal human and monkey eyes. One eye with early-onset congenital glaucoma had no Schlemm's canal. In all cases of congenital glaucoma, we observed a thick subcanalicular tissue with a structure similar to that seen in the endothelial meshwork beneath the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. There were abnormal deposits of ground substances that resembled basement membrane. Additionally, histologic studies of eyes from premature infants obtained at autopsy showed that trabecular sheet-formation initially occurs on the anterior chamber side of the trabeculum and advances gradually toward Schlemm's canal and that the undifferentiated portion of the trabeculum remains as endothelial meshwork beneath the inner wall of Schlemm's canal. Our observations strongly suggest that the existence of the thick subcanalicular tissue, which is considered to be endothelial meshwork, indicates an immature stage of the trabecular meshwork and may be one of the primary causes of increased intraocular pressure in congenital glaucoma. PMID- 7294115 TI - Frequency of timolol administration. PMID- 7294117 TI - Effect of stimulus on the chemical composition of human tears. AB - We examined the effect of the nature of the stimulus on the chemical composition of human tears. The protein concentration of emotional tears from women exceeded that of irritant-induced tears by 24% (P less than .01). Polyacrylamide disk gel electrophoresis disclosed no significant difference between the distribution of positively or negatively charged proteins of irritant-induced and emotional tears. Manganese concentrations in tears (30 ng/ml) exceeded serum concentrations from the same subjects by 30-fold. These manganese concentrations in tears were considerably less than previously reported values. We found no differences for the concentrations of protein or manganese in human tears between the sexes. PMID- 7294119 TI - Correction of temporary postoperative astigmatism. PMID- 7294118 TI - The floppy eyelid syndrome. AB - We examined 11 overweight men, ranging in age from 34 to 56 years, who had the floppy eyelid syndrome, a disorder of unknown origin manifested by an easily everted, floppy upper eyelid and papillary conjunctivitis of the upper palpebral conjunctiva. The upper eyelid everts during sleep, resulting in irritation, papillary conjunctivitis, and conjunctival keratinization. Effective treatment consists of preventing the upper eyelid from everting while the patient is sleeping. PMID- 7294120 TI - Exophthalmometry with a gauge mounted on a slit lamp. PMID- 7294121 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the corneoscleral limbus. PMID- 7294122 TI - Erythropheresis in treating retinal detachments secondary to sickle-cell retinopathy. PMID- 7294123 TI - The ophthalmologist and malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7294124 TI - Similar packaging of ophthalmic drugs. PMID- 7294125 TI - Oculocutaneous albinism and corneal mesodermal dysgenesis. PMID- 7294126 TI - Toxicity of triamcinolone acetonide. PMID- 7294127 TI - Intraocular lens power check. PMID- 7294128 TI - Intraocular lens power check. PMID- 7294129 TI - Fungal growth in aphakic soft contact lenses. PMID- 7294130 TI - Blowout fracture of the orbit. PMID- 7294131 TI - The role of occupational therapy in vocational evaluation, part 2. PMID- 7294133 TI - Occupational therapists as members of pre-retirement resource teams. PMID- 7294132 TI - An older population: meeting major needs through occupational therapy. PMID- 7294134 TI - Need satisfaction of older persons living in the community and in institutions, part 1. The environment. AB - A descriptive study was conducted that compared the need satisfaction of older persons living in institutions. In the first article of a two-part series, the impact of environment on the satisfaction of needs was examined. Subjects included 20 community and 21 institutionalized older persons. Using Maslow's need hierarchy as the theoretical framework, it was found that the community environment satisfied belongingness/love and esteem needs to a greater degree than the institutional environment. No difference was found in the satisfaction of physiological, safety, and self-actualization needs between the two environments. Race, mental status, and whether a community resident lived alone or with others were variables that influenced the results. The findings emphasized the complexity of need satisfaction and supported the formulation that environment is a crucial factor in need satisfaction. In the second article, the relationship between engagement in activity and need satisfaction will be explored. PMID- 7294135 TI - Need satisfaction of older persons living in the community and in institutions, part 2. Role of activity. AB - A descriptive study was conducted in order to examine the types of need satisfaction older persons gained from activities they performed in their living environments. This is the second of two articles that examines the relationships among need satisfaction, environment, and activity. Subjects included 20 community and 21 institutionalized older persons. It was found that the subjects' most important activities were visiting and being involved in church functions. Using Maslow's need hierarchy as the theoretical framework, both of these activities were found to be associated with satisfying belongingness/love needs. The implications the findings have for occupational therapy intervention with older persons are included. PMID- 7294136 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of the hemiplegic patient with brachial plexus injury. AB - Brachial plexus injury was observed as a complication in 5 of 12 hemiplegic patients admitted over a 5-week period to an inpatient unit of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. These patients exhibited unusual patterns of muscle atrophy and return of function in the impaired upper extremity. Occupational therapists may play an important part in the diagnosis and treatment of this complication of hemiplegia by promptly recognizing its subtle clinical signs and instituting appropriate therapy. Electromyography may be recommended to confirm this diagnosis. The treatment of choice is to maintain correct positioning of the limb both day and night, to use facilitation techniques for specific muscles in order to prevent atrophy, and to maintain passive range of motion as much as possible. Prevention of brachial plexus injury depends largely on the education of patient, family, and staff as to the potential hazards to a frail extremity that has no protective responses. PMID- 7294137 TI - Support for the drooping head. PMID- 7294138 TI - Findings of teaching aids study are inaccurate. PMID- 7294139 TI - Effect of ametropia on peripheral refraction. AB - Peripheral refraction was measured in 62 eyes along the horizontal meridian from 60 degrees nasally to 60 degrees temporally, using a Topcon refractometer. The amount of astigmatism was found to increase progressively, although less than predicted theoretically, toward the periphery in 91% of the eyes. Dividing the sample into myopes, hyperopes, and near-emmetropes showed that the type of astigmatism differed significantly with each group of eyes and that this factor played a most important role. PMID- 7294140 TI - Apparent oxygen uptake rate of the human cornea in vivo following soft contact lens removal. PMID- 7294141 TI - Visual acuity in a condition of traffic sign viewing: the effects of luminance changes. PMID- 7294142 TI - A mathematical description of soft lens hydration (part 1). PMID- 7294143 TI - Adaptation and the Ives effect. AB - The Ives effect is the discrepancy between photometric matches made by direct comparison and those made by flicker. When white is used as a standard stimulus, the discrepancy appears to be related to the saturation of the test stimulus. The two methods of photometry involve differences in adaptation. In flicker, the two patches of color are applied to the same retinal area alternately, and the retina becomes adapted to a mixture of the two. In direct comparison, the two colors are applied to separate areas of the retina, each of which becomes adapted to the color falling on it. In this study the state of adaptation is controlled by reversing the bipartite pattern from right to left from reading to reading so that each part of the retina becomes adapted to a mixture of the two colors the same as in flicker. This reversal decreases the Ives effect to an almost negligible amount, indicating that adaptation is a major cause of the effect. Data are also presented for use of yellow and blue standards instead of white. PMID- 7294144 TI - Adaptation and heterochromatic matching. AB - This study is a follow-up of a previous study of the effect of adaptation on heterochromatic matching by flicker photometry and direct comparison. In flicker photometry, two patches of color are applied alternately to a region of the retina adapted to a mixture of the two colors. In direct comparison, the two halves of the pattern are usually applied to regions of the retina adapted to the separate colors. Two additional methods of equalizing the state of adaptation in the two halves of the retina in direct comparison matching have been tested. In both cases, equalizing the states of adaptation reduces the discrepancy between flicker photometry and direct comparison for two of the three subjects tested. For the third subject, the discrepancies are small but one can still demonstrate effects produced by equalizing the states of adaptation. Further study is needed to delineate the specific mechanisms of adaptation involved. PMID- 7294146 TI - Adaptation to prism-induced heterophoria in subjects with abnormal binocular vision or asthenopia. AB - In a previous study we investigated how normal subjects adapted to prism-induced heterophoria. In this study we have continued this work by investigating this phenomena in 15 patients with abnormal binocular vision and/or asthenopia. It was found that the majority of subjects lacked or had a deficient adaptation system to base-in and/or base-out prisms, but all except two subjects examined adapted normally to vertical prism. These results suggest that it may be possible to treat the horizontal adaptation system independently from the vertical one. Prism vergences, heterophoria measurements, and the presence of fixation disparity gave little indication of the adaptation ability of the subjects. Symptoms correlated well with adaptation ability. PMID- 7294145 TI - Vertical prism disparity in aircraft windshields. AB - A current method of quantifying optical distortion in F/FB-111 aircraft windshields is by a technique of displacement grading. It has been hypothesized that varying magnitudes of displacement grading result in corresponding magnitudes of vertical prism disparity, potentially inducing binocular stress. In order to test this hypothesis, three F/FB-111 windshields of varying displacement grading values were evaluated for vertical prism disparity. The hypothesis was borne out by the results. If a binocular design specification for U.S. military aircraft windshields is appropriate, a maximum vertical prism disparity value would appear to be most meaningful. PMID- 7294147 TI - Differences among myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes. AB - One hundred fifty-two military recruits were classified as myopes, emmetropes, or hyperopes based on their measured farpoint. Height, weight, education, personality scores from the three scales of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, heart rate variability, autonomic nervous system indices, nearpoint, and dark focus were recorded for each subject. These were compared among groups using one way analyses of variance and four discriminant analyses. Reliable differences were found among groups in each area referred to above: myopes weight less, completed more grades, had higher heart rate variability, and nearer nearpoints than hyperopes. Furthermore, myopes wee more consistent in their responses on the Eysenck Personality Inventory than emmetropes. PMID- 7294148 TI - Confirmation of the influence of alcohol on heterophoria using a vision screener. PMID- 7294149 TI - Evaluation of ophthalmic spectacle lenses using the Hartmann test. AB - Imaging qualities of ophthalmic spectacle lenses can be evaluated by means of the Hartmann Test. This test has traditionally been used to evaluate the lenses and mirrors used in astronomical telescopes. The test involves physical ray tracing of selected light beams and photographic sampling of those beams at planes removed from the Gaussian focus. Certain well-known progressive addition lenses have been found to show characteristic Hartmann dot patterns by which these lenses may be identified. This is of interest to the practicing optometrist for ready identification of such lenses worn by patients. PMID- 7294150 TI - Reverse Galilean telescopic spectacles in unilateral aphakia. AB - Minimizing aniseikonia in unilateral aphakia is often a difficult task. A case is presented in which a patient preferred a reverse Galilean telescopic spectacle of his own design to a contact lens. The design of the spectacles and the patient's visual performance with them are described. A reverse Galilean telescopic spectacle should not be excluded from the therapeutic alternatives in unilateral aphakia. PMID- 7294151 TI - Strabismic amblyopia. PMID- 7294152 TI - Biochemical mechanisms of lipid-A-mediated enhancement of platelet secretory responses to aggregated immunoglobulins. AB - The mechanism by which endotoxins enhance the secretory response of washed preparations of human platelets to aggregated immunoglobulins (Agg-HGG) has been examined. Preparations of endotoxins from several rough mutants of bacteria enhance, by approximately 50-fold, the release of serotonin initiated by Agg-HGG. Endotoxins from smooth strains do not manifest this enhancement, and all endotoxin preparations are completely inactive in the absence of Agg-HGG. Preincubation and wash experiments have demonstrated that the critical initial interaction is the formation of complexes between the endotoxin and the Agg-HGG stimulus and is not dependent on an initial endotoxin-platelet interaction. Pretreatment of platelets with substimulatory concentrations of Agg-HGG, followed by the addition of endotoxin, causes a temporal decay in the degree of endotoxin induced enhancement, which is inversely related to the concentration of Agg-HGG. This stimulus-specific desensitization suggests that the endotoxin-Agg-HGG complexes initiate release by a pathway similar to that initiated by Agg-HGG alone. We postulate that the endotoxin either enhances or stabilizes a localized platelet membrane perturbation or deformation, initiated by the Agg-HGG stimulus. PMID- 7294153 TI - Pathogenesis of trimethyltin neuronal toxicity. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations. AB - The ultrastructural cytopathologic and cytochemical effects of trimethyltin (TMT) neurotoxicity were delineated in hippocampal and pyriform neurons of acutely intoxicated adult rats. TMT produced neuronal necrosis that preferentially involved hippocampal formation pyriform cortex. The first subcellular alterations were multifocal collection of dense-cored vesicles and tubules and membrane delimited vacuoles in the cytoplasm of the perikaryon and proximal dendrite. Ultrastructural cytochemical examination revealed that the vesicles and tubules had acid phosphatase activity analagous to Golgi-associated endoplasmic reticulum (GERL). Shortly after the appearance of the GERL-like vesicles and tubules, autophagic vacuoles and polymorphic dense bodies accumulated in the neuronal cytoplasm. Some dense bodies appeared to arise from the dense-cored tubules. Neuronal necrosis was characterized by increased electron density of the cytoplasm and large, electron-dense intranuclear masses. Alterations of mitochondria and other organelles were not observed in the early stages of cell injury. No light- or electron-microscopic alterations were found in liver or kidney. Comparable subcellular alterations were observed in adult and neonatal rats chronically intoxicated with TMT. A series of other trialkyl and tricyclic tins and dimethyltin did not produce similar pathologic findings. The GERL-like accumulations are unique in neuronal cytopathology. These findings suggests that GERL and autophagy play an important role in the pathogenesis of TMT-induced neuronal injury. PMID- 7294154 TI - The ultrastructure of spontaneous coronary arterial lesions in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - Electron-microscopic examination of spontaneously occurring coronary arterial lesions in adult spawning steelhead trout showed them to be subendothelial accumulations of modified smooth muscle cells covered by an intact endothelium. Some of the cells in the nodules appeared highly vacuolated and seemed to be associated with varying amounts of collagen and elastin. The internal elastic lamina was often doubled with smooth muscle cells between the layers. The thickness of the internal elastica was altered and, in some lesions, penetrated by smooth muscle cells. In the smallest lesions, smooth muscle cells appeared to be penetrating the internal elastic lamina and were usually close to a highly vacuolated intimal endothelial cell. The underlying medial layer frequently exhibited altered orientation of the cells, with the frequent appearance of increased collagen and amorphous extracellular material. No lipid was present in any lesion. Although vacuolation of endothelial cells suggested some alteration in endothelial cells, at least in developed lesions, no evidence of endothelial denudation over lesions was observed. PMID- 7294155 TI - Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and radioautographic localization of placental iron. AB - Maternal-fetal iron transfer across the guinea pig hemomonochorial placenta during the first, second, and third trimesters was examined using ultrastructural, cytochemical, radioautographic, and ferrokinetic methods. Acid ferrocyanide stained inorganic ferric iron on and in sinusoidal microvilli, cytoplasmic matrix or ground substance, and the outer basal plasmalemma of epithelial cells. Some stain deposits were observed within and on either side of the basement membrane. The extraluminal outer plasmalemma, intercellular junctions, and cytoplasm of endothelial cells frequently contained numerous stain deposits. Staining of trophoblast sinusoidal microvilli was similar during early and late gestation, whereas the staining of the basement membrane and endothelial cells was most prominent during the second and third trimesters. Staining of ferric iron was encountered in rare cytoplasmic granules of epithelial cells during late gestation, but not during early gestation. Placental macrophages contained acid-ferrocyanide-reactive ferric iron in large heterophagosomes and hyaloplasm. Acid ferricyanide failed to localize ferrous iron in either epithelial cells or macrophages. Light-microscopic radioautographic studies localized radioiron in placental epithelial cells and Prussian-blue-positive macrophages in specimens obtained 30 minutes after injection of radioiron ((55)Fe, (59)Fe) into the maternal saphenous vein. At the ultrastructural level labeling was observed (in order of decreasing grain density) in or on the epithelial basal plasmalemma and basement membrane, endothelial cytoplasm, epithelial sinusoidal microvilli, and epithelial cytoplasm. Significant staining or radiolabeling was not observed in mitochondria, trophoblast granules, or nuclei. These results indicate that placental non-heme iron is trivalent and moves from the maternal to the fetal circulation by passing through trophoblast microvilli, cytoplasmic matrix, basal plasmalemma, basement membrane, endothelial cell junctions, and cytoplasm. PMID- 7294156 TI - Histiocytic sarcoma with a granuloma-like component occurring in a large colony of Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Tumors from a large colony of over 2000 Sprague-Dawley rats were reviewed by a panel of pathologists under the auspices of Universities Associated for Research and Education in Pathology, In the course of this study, a distinct malignancy in 105 rats was segregated and given the name "histiocytic sarcoma." This report describes the histologic features and anatomic distribution of the tumor, along with its incidence by age and sex of the rat. The neoplasm is characterized by a spectrum of histologic patterns, one extreme resembling a sarcomatous process and the other a granulomatous process. The exact morphologic composition varied from animal to animal, as well as in tumors from the same animal. The sarcomatous pattern is composed of sheets of uniform cells, occasionally exhibiting phagocytosis. The granulomatous pattern contains epithelioid histiocytes, central areas of tumor necrosis surrounded by palisading cells, and multinucleate giant cells. The liver is the organ most commonly containing histiocytic sarcoma, both in animals with multiple tumors and in those with involvement of only one organ. Hepatic invasion is typified by expansion of the portal areas and infiltration of the sinusoids by tumor cells. The lung is the second most common site. The distribution of pulmonary tumors is bronchiolocentric and angiocentric. Other common sites included the lymph node and spleen, along with large soft tissue tumors of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Although occasional previous reports apparently have described a similar or identical neoplasm under varying names, no large group of tumors of this unique type in rats has been studied and characterized previously. PMID- 7294158 TI - Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy: significance of medial thickness with respect to advanced pulmonary vascular lesions. AB - Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy runs a more progressive course in transposition of the great arteries with pulmonary hypertension (TGA) and in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) than, for instance, in isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD). Fibrinoid necrosis and plexiform lesions occur more often and at a younger age in TGA and PPH than in VSD. A morphometric study in 18 patients with VSD, 14 patients with TGA, 38 patients with PPH, and 21 controls showed that the media of muscular pulmonary arteries is significantly thicker in VSD than in TGA or PPH, with the sole exception of very young children with PPH. This difference in medial thickness is apparent at any level of pulmonary arterial pressure. Conversely, the more advanced pulmonary vascular lesions were particularly prominent in TGA and PPH. It is likely that medial hypertrophy, at least to a certain extent, protects the pulmonary arteries from the development of more ominous vascular alterations. PMID- 7294159 TI - Animal model of human disease. Benign monoclonal gammopathy (idiopathic paraproteinemia). PMID- 7294157 TI - Presidential address. Recent concepts of initiation and promotion in carcinogenesis. PMID- 7294160 TI - Chronic bronchiolitis in nonhuman primates after prolonged ozone exposure. AB - Bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) were exposed to 0.0, 0.5, or 0.8 ppm ozone for 7, 28, or 90 consecutive days, 8 hours per day. The pulmonary response was evaluated by means of pulmonary function testing, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission microscopy, autoradiography, and morphometry. Pulmonary function values obtained before exposure did not statistically differ from values obtained after exposure. A general trend of increased quasistatic compliance of the lung was observed in both groups of exposed monkeys. Morphologic changes were principally characterized as low-grade chronic respiratory bronchiolitis. Major features were intraluminal accumulations of macrophages and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of cuboidal bronchiolar epithelial cells. The intensity of this inflammatory response was determined by counting the number of intraluminal inflammatory cells per millimeter of respiratory bronchiolar surface. The magnitude of inflammation was greatest at the 0.8 ppm ozone concentration at each exposure period; however, the number of inflammatory cells present at 90 days was less than one half that observed at 7 days, in spite of persistent ozone insult. Tritiated thymidine labeling and counts of respiratory bronchiolar epithelium demonstrated up to a 37-fold increase in labeling index at 7 days but only a sevenfold increase at 90 days. Differential cell counts demonstrated an increase in the proportion of cuboidal bronchiolar cells constituting the respiratory bronchiolar epithelium. In control monkeys, 60% of the epithelial cells were cuboidal bronchiolar cells. At 90 days of exposure, more than 90% of the respiratory bronchiolar cells were cuboidal in appearance. The cuboidal bronchiolar cell in control monkeys does not appear secretory, but membrane-bound electron-dense secretory granules are present in this cell type from exposed monkeys. Epithelial hyperplasia (increased number of cells per millimeter of airway length) persisted through 90 days of exposure at a level slightly above that present at 7 days. PMID- 7294161 TI - Dependence of the carbon-tetrachloride--induced death of cultured hepatocytes on the extracellular calcium concentration. AB - The role of extracellular Ca2+ ions in the killing of liver cells by CCl4 was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The dependence of in vitro cell killing on the metabolism of CCl4 was first examined in order to document the similarity between the action of CCl4 on cultured hepatocytes and the action of CCl4 on liver cells in the intact animal. Cells prepared from male rats pretreated with phenobarbital were more sensitive to CCl4 than cells prepared from either male or female rats. The killing of hepatocytes by CCl4 was prevented by addition of SKF 525A to the culture medium. This protection was accompanied by evidence of decreased CCl4 metabolism as assessed by the extent of covalent binding of 14C-CCl4 metabolites to total cellular lipids and proteins, and by the extent of formation of conjugated dienes accompanying the peroxidation of phospholipids isolated from total cell lipids. The extent of killing of the hepatocytes by CCl4 was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration in the tissue culture medium. Total Ca2+ concentrations lower than 0.10 mM were not associated with any CCl4-induced cell death, and the number of dead cells increased with increasing Ca2+ from 0.3 to 3.6 mM. This dependency on extracellular Ca2+ was not due to dependency of the extent of metabolism of CCl4 on Ca2+. The Ca2+ concentration in the medium had no effect on the extent of covalent binding of metabolites of CCl4 to lipids and to proteins and on the extent of peroxidation of phospholipids as shown by the formation of conjugated dienes. In addition, hepatocytes incubated in low Ca2+ with CCl4 developed further evidence of cell injury, as indicated by the killing of these cells following the addition of high Ca2+ concentrations under conditions prohibiting any further metabolism of the CCl4. The results of this study indicate that it is the presence of extracellular Ca2+ that converts initially nonlethal cell injury into irreversible cell injury in CCl4-treated cells. This action of Ca2+ most likely represents an influx into the cell across an injured permeability barrier at the plasma membrane, in accord with the accumulation of large quantities of Ca2+ in CCl4-intoxicated liver cells in the intact animal. The relation between this alteration in Ca2+ homeostasis and the metabolism of CCl4 is discussed. PMID- 7294162 TI - Comparative study of eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis and enzyme release. AB - It has been well documented that both natural and synthetic chemotactic peptides can induce lysosomal enzyme release from neutrophils treated with cytochalasin B. These same peptides are also potent inducers of unidirectional movement, as demonstrated by the chemotactic response in Boyden chambers. In this study, the ability of another family of leukocytes, eosinophils, to release lysosomal enzymes and exhibit a chemotactic response to both natural and synthetic chemotactic peptides was examined. A striking fundamental difference between neutrophil and eosinophil chemotaxis and enzyme release was shown using C5a, formyl met-leu-phe (FMLP), and ala-gly-ser-glu (AGSG) peptides. The 50% effective doses (ED50) for chemotactic responses to C5a, FMLP, or AGSG by neutrophils and eosinophils were 0.05 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml, 10(-12) M and 10(-10) M, and 10(-7) M and 10(-7) M, respectively. At the same concentrations, these peptides (C5a, f met-leu-phe, and ala-gly-ser-glu) induced the following release of glucosaminidase from neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively: 42% and 2%, 42% and 2%, and 29% and 2%. In striking contrast, immune complexes and opsonized zymosan particles induced the release of 39% and 42% of the total glucosaminidase from neutrophils, while eosinophils released 32% and 43% of the total glucosaminidase from immune complexes and opsonized zymosan particles, respectively. These data indicate fundamental differences between neutrophils and eosinophils in unidirectional movement induced by chemotactic factors and enzyme release mechanism(s). PMID- 7294163 TI - Parathyroidectomy ameliorates vascular lesions induced by deoxycorticosterone in the rat. AB - The systolic blood pressures of rats that underwent parathyroidectomies and uninephrectomies reached hypertensive levels after implantation of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) pellets and were compared to those in rats with intact parathyroids bearing 20-mg or 50-mg pellets of DOC. Parathyroidectomy, however, ameliorated the incidence and severity of cardiac and renal lesions induced by DOC. The beneficial effect of parathyroidectomy on vascular lesions may well be attributable at least in part to a reduced level of calcium in the serum or to the absence of parathyroid hormone, which is involved directly in the regulation of calcium transport and influx into the cell. Parathyroidectomy significantly reduced the compensatory renal hypertrophy and splenomegaly induced by DOC, although cardiac hypertrophy and hepatomegaly induced by DOC were not affected by parathyroidectomy. PMID- 7294164 TI - The city and the child. PMID- 7294165 TI - A Piagetian-based analysis of insight and the interpretive process. PMID- 7294166 TI - The role of insight in behavior change: a commentary. PMID- 7294167 TI - Puerto Rican espiritismo and psychotherapy. PMID- 7294169 TI - On being seen as a "Chinese therapist" by a Caucasian child. AB - Reactions of ten-year-old Caucasian boy to his Chinese therapist, and his use of this racial difference to express his acute alienation, are described. Stages include the boy's initial projection of aggression and evil onto the "Chinks," subsequent ambivalence and anxiety as attachment to the therapist increased, and eventual trust and alleviation of his loneliness. Aspects of the therapist's countertransference are explored. PMID- 7294168 TI - Difficulties of a Hispanic-American psychotherapist in the treatment of Hispanic American patients. PMID- 7294170 TI - Depression, danger, dependency, denial: work with poor, black, single parents. PMID- 7294171 TI - The role of the father for the infant at risk. PMID- 7294172 TI - Maternal personality and attitude in disturbances of child rearing. AB - Personality and attitudinal variables were assessed prenatally and three months following the birth of the first child of 267 high-risk mothers. Four consistent factors emerged and, along with constructs rationally derived from sets of variables, were analyzed for discriminatory power. Level of Personal Integration yielded the strongest differentiation with respect to adequacy of maternal care, suggesting this as an area for exploration in interventions into mother-child disturbance. PMID- 7294173 TI - Children: the unintended victims of marital violence. PMID- 7294174 TI - Factors affecting patient compliance with diagnostic recommendations. PMID- 7294175 TI - Temperament characteristics of children in relation to gender, birth order, and social class. PMID- 7294176 TI - An application of American Sign Language to the psychiatric setting. PMID- 7294177 TI - Emotional problems and concerns of New England college students. PMID- 7294178 TI - An analysis of male attitudes toward women's cognitive functions: a life-cycle approach. PMID- 7294179 TI - An interdisciplinary graduate program for Mexican-American researchers evaluators. PMID- 7294180 TI - Coactivation of synergistic muscles of different fiber types in fast and slow contractions. AB - The electrical activity of four pairs of synergistic muscles-the long head of triceps brachii and anconeus, lateral gastrocnemius and soleus, the long and short heads of biceps brachii, and rectus femoris and vastus medialis-was studied during isometric contractions of varying speed. Each muscle pair consists of a two-joint muscle and a one-joint muscle. Two of the one-joint muscles, anconeus and soleus, are composed predominantly of red muscle fibers and are called red muscles; all the remaining muscles are composed predominantly of pale fibers and are therefore called pale muscles. Synergistic pairs of muscles in which the muscles are both pale become active simultaneously in movement of all speeds. No difference in usage of such muscles was found as a function of movement speed. In synergistic muscle pairs composed of a red and a pale muscle, a slow movement was always initiated by the red muscle, whose electrical activity predominated throughout the movement. In a rapid movement, the pale muscle could be initially most active. However, movements of equal speed could be initiated by the red muscle. Thus the speed of a contraction is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for reversals of muscle activation. PMID- 7294182 TI - Chronic colitis and arthritis with special emphasis on amoebic colitis. PMID- 7294181 TI - Case report. Posterior splint for leg fractures in spinal cord injured patients. AB - Traumatic fracture of the long bones of the lower extremities may frequently occur in spinal cord injured patients. In the past, conservative treatment with pillow or sand bag splinting was advocated by many clinicans. This paper presents two cases in which posterior splinting was used on the affected leg for stabilization of the fracture with good result and well accepted by patients. Also, the use of Mud bed for prevention of pressure sores was illustrated. PMID- 7294183 TI - Early diagnosis of rectal cancer. PMID- 7294184 TI - Psychiatric components of medical and surgical practice: a survey of general hospital physicians. AB - A questionnaire was sent to 206 internists and surgeons asking them to estimate the following: the frequency of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems among their patients, the type and frequency of psychiatric medication they prescribed, the psychiatric consultation services they most valued, and the type of psychiatric problems they considered emergencies. These physicians estimated that 14% of their patients had significant psychiatric problems; the most frequently mentioned was depression. More than 25% of the physicians prescribed minor tranquilizers, sedatives, and antidepressants at least once a week. Violent behavior was considered a psychiatric emergency by the majority of physicians. There were significant differences between the responses of internists and those of surgeons. PMID- 7294185 TI - Cognitive changes in acute schizophrenia with brief neuroleptic treatment. AB - The authors studied 44 acutely decompensated, hospitalized schizophrenic patients who were placed on a double-blind basis for 10 days in three treatment groups: patients given high, moderate, and standard doses of haloperidol. To assess changes in the patients' concentration, abstract thinking, and ability to respond appropriately they administered two clinical rating scales and three psychological tests. Patients in all three treatment groups showed similar and significant improvements according to both clinical and psychological ratings after haloperidol administration. Normal control subjects showed no change in psychological test scores over time. The authors conclude that brief treatment with neuroleptics produces measurable improvement in schizophrenic thinking. PMID- 7294186 TI - Multiple personality and related dissociative phenomena in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Many patients with temporal lobe epilepsy also experience dissociative episodes. Three patients with multiple personality exhibited alterations in speech pattern, personality, handedness, and sense of personal identity and claimed amnesia for the dissociative episodes. Another 10 patients identified alternative personalities or demons as motivators of ego-alien behavior. Of clinic patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, 33% exhibited some dissociative phenomena, which had no apparent association with individual seizures but always followed the development of the seizure disorder. The authors propose that intensified, dystonic affects, characteristic of the interictal period in temporal lobe epilepsy, may predispose some individuals to dissociative reactions. PMID- 7294187 TI - Women's issues: a new beginning. PMID- 7294188 TI - Inequality and women's mental health: an overview. AB - Complex processes of sex bias and sex-role stereotyping continue to detract from the quality of mental health services to both sexes, but particularly to women because of their disadvantaged status. Understanding how such processes can simultaneously create barriers to service access and facilitate inappropriate treatment is essential to ensuring quality mental health services. Ameliorating the problems of women as providers and consumers in the mental health delivery system will require a sophisticated understanding of the nature of those problems and a firm commitment to creative solutions. The ethical mandate to address the institutional structures of inequality extends to all persons who are part of the mental health delivery system. PMID- 7294189 TI - Suicide, affective disorder, and women physicians. AB - Recent publications have noted a rate of suicide for women physicians considerably higher than that for women in the general population. The authors comment on some of the methodologic problems involved in this research and discuss the interaction between affective disorder and suicide as but a partial explanation of the higher risk of suicide among women physicians. The authors conclude that a number of risk factors are involved both in the relatively high lethality rate of some groups of professional women and in the relatively low lethality rate of women in general. PMID- 7294190 TI - Physician sexual misconduct and patients' responses. AB - The author reports on 16 patient interviews involving a gynecologist who conducted internal examinations in a sexually abusive manner. The unusual features of the examination included length of time, misuse of the physician's hands, absence of a nurse, and excessive use of lubricant. The majority of patients did not stop the examination because they believed something was medically wrong, they trusted that the physician was conducting an ethical examination, or they felt powerless to interrupt him. Many of the patients developed an aversion to gynecological health care after the incident. The author suggests that mental health professionals who will treat the abused or the abuser identify areas for prevention of sexual exploitation and for early psychiatric intervention. PMID- 7294191 TI - Sex-role ideology among practicing psychiatrists and psychiatric residents. AB - The authors distributed a sex-role ideology questionnaire to practicing psychiatrists, psychiatric residents, university students, and groups of traditional and feminist women. Psychiatrists and psychiatric residents as a group were significantly more feminist in their ideology than university students and the traditional women's group but were less feminist than a group of feminist women. There were no differences between practicing psychiatrists and psychiatric residents. Overall, women were more feminist than men and increasing age was found to be associated with increasingly traditional ideology. These findings challenge the view that psychiatrists as a group have traditional views that make them part of a traditional medical power structure. PMID- 7294192 TI - Sex differences in medical student mental health. AB - The authors studied first-year medical students to assess sex differences in psychological functioning. No initial sex differences in adjustment were found on any self-report measures. By mid-year, however, women students had developed more psychiatric symptoms and tended to report less satisfaction with life. By the year's end the women remained somewhat more symptomatic but to a lesser extent than had been apparent at mid-year. Women also reported more role conflict and described their families as less supportive of their career choice. The authors suggest that these findings point to the potentially negative impact of current medical training on women. PMID- 7294193 TI - To marry or not to marry: a choice. AB - The authors discuss the reasons for decisions to remain single or to marry, particularly for women today. They consider aspects of the life experience of single women and provide a developmental context for women's choices. The authors discuss the impact of marriage on women's lives and point out that marriage increases stress for women. The changing role of women in society and increased reproductive control have given women greater choice about the direction of their lives, including more freedom to make deliberate decisions about marriage. PMID- 7294195 TI - Fluphenazine decanoate and tardive dyskinesia: a possible association. AB - The authors examined the charts of 22 outpatients who had received intramuscular fluphenazine decanoate and oral fluphenazine hydrochloride to assess the incidence of tardive dyskinesia. The severity of tardive dyskinesia was assessed with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Both the total dose and average daily dose of fluphenazine decanoate correlated significantly with high AIMS scores. There were also significant correlations of AIMS scores with total dose of antiparkinsonian medication and total dose of other neuroleptics. Total dose of antiparkinsonian medication correlated with total dose of fluphenazine decanoate. The authors discuss the clinical and physiological implications of these correlations. PMID- 7294194 TI - Women in academic psychiatry: politics and progress. AB - The progress of women in academic psychiatry depends in part on the social and institutionalized administrative patterns expressed through faculty attitudes, hiring practices, and other conditions of the field as they are currently structured. As the numbers of women increase, their specialness will decrease, and accommodations to particular needs and variations may become accepted as part of the system. This success in modifying the system will be self-perpetuating, proportional, and appropriate, leading to more participation of women in academic psychiatry. PMID- 7294196 TI - Training in geropsychiatry: problems and process. AB - The introduction of substantive geropsychiatry training into the medical school curriculum and residency programs in medicine and family practice involves overcoming such obstacles as competition among specialties for curriculum time, "ageism" (negative attitudes toward the elderly), limited financial resources, and scarcity of specialized educators and model curricula. These obstacles can be overcome by developing educational alliances with chairpersons and training directors, recruiting charismatic teachers, providing varied clinical experiences with healthy and impaired elderly patients, and by providing formative as well as summative methods of trainee and program evaluation. PMID- 7294197 TI - Practicality of a lithium dosing guide. AB - A method of dosing lithium based on a 24-hour serum lithium level obtained after a single 600-mg oral dose of lithium carbonate has been reported to provide a steady-state lithium concentration of 0.6--1.2 mEq/liter. Since this regimen is widely used in clinical practice, the authors designed a study to determine the practicality of the dosing guide. Of 13 patients who followed this dosing protocol, 4 (30.7%) failed to achieve the defined steady-state range. The authors discuss factors that may affect the reliability of the dosing guide. PMID- 7294198 TI - Plasma lithium stability and a comparison of flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis. PMID- 7294199 TI - Cotard's syndrome and the psychiatric manifestations of typhoid fever. PMID- 7294200 TI - Psychiatric evaluation of women in a surrogate mother program. PMID- 7294201 TI - A case report of tardive hemidyskinesia. PMID- 7294202 TI - Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in children and the validity of DSM-III. PMID- 7294203 TI - Viet Nam combat veterans with legal difficulties: a psychiatric problem? PMID- 7294204 TI - Biparietal infarctions in a patient with Catatonia. PMID- 7294205 TI - The action of norepinephrine and serotonin in disulfiram therapy. PMID- 7294206 TI - Psychiatric manifestations of neurosyphilis without dementia. PMID- 7294207 TI - The Danish-American studies: critiquing the critique. PMID- 7294208 TI - Response of hyperactivity and attention deficit to methylphenidate. PMID- 7294209 TI - Marijuana-induced depersonalizaton. PMID- 7294210 TI - Tardive dyskinesia and body weight in psychiatric outpatients. PMID- 7294211 TI - Natural history of male psychological health, X: Work as a predictor of positive mental health. AB - A sample of 456 inner city men was prospectively followed from age 14 until age 47. Rates blind to adult outcome assessed the men's childhood success at tasks reflecting Erikson's fourth developmental stage, industry versus inferiority. Childhood assessments were made on the parenting the men received and other psychosocial variables, including social class and IQ, and were compared with independent judgments of these men's mental health and career success at age 47. Capacity to work in childhood predicted the success of these underprivileged men at work in adult life and surpassed social class, multiproblem-family membership, and all other childhood variables in predicting adult mental health and capacity for interpersonal relationships. PMID- 7294212 TI - Psychomotor function in affective disorders: an overview of new monitoring techniques. AB - Clinicians and researchers lack accuracy in assessing psychomotor functions of patients. Several objective monitoring techniques have recently been proposed with the goal of compiling accurate determinations. These include electromyographic determinations of facial expressions of emotion, measurement of speech phonation and pause times, and use of movement-activated recording monitors to quantify motility. Objective psychomotor assessments may improve classification, longitudinal monitoring, treatment selection, and prediction of outcome for patients with depression and mania. PMID- 7294213 TI - Continuity of care for chronic mental patients: a conceptual analysis. AB - The author discusses seven dimensions of continuity of care, a basic concept in planning services for chronic mental patients. Continuity of care in psychiatry is distinguished from that in other medical specialties by the unique needs of chronic mental patients. Different approaches to continuity must be used for chronic mental patients with different institutional histories and specialized service needs. PMID- 7294214 TI - Clinical issues in the assessment of competency. AB - The evaluation of a patient's competency to consent to treatment, regardless of the test of competency used, can be substantially affected by a number of clinical factors. The authors point out that, in assessing competency, the clinician must consider 1) psychodynamic elements of the patient's personality, 2) the accuracy of the historical information conveyed by the patient, 3) the accuracy and completeness of the information disclosed to the patient, 4) the stability of the patient's mental status over time, and 5) the effect of the setting in which consent is obtained. Inattention to these factors can lead to errors in assessment of competency that can have important implications for patient care. PMID- 7294216 TI - Outcome of irregularly discharged psychiatric patients. AB - Clinicians' attitudes about the posthospitalization outcome of patients who are irregularly discharged from the hospital (i.e., against medical advice or AWOL) have been pessimistic, but unsystematic follow-up data of such patients compared with regularly discharged patients suggest that outcomes for the two groups are similar. Because of this discrepancy, the authors used data from a controlled, systematic study of a large sample of voluntary inpatients that measured global outcome over 2 years. Their findings suggest that 1 year and 2 years after admission, most patients who were irregularly discharged had outcomes similar to those of patients with regular discharges. There was, however, a subgroup of irregularly discharged patients who had worse outcomes. PMID- 7294215 TI - Personal therapy for therapists. AB - Clinicians have often advocated personal therapy as a useful method in the training of psychotherapists. Yet, for decades arguments have existed about the value of a personal therapy experience. In an attempt to clarify the situation, the authors discuss the debate within a historical context and present a critical review of the empirical evidence gathered to date on personal therapy. They found a paucity of reported research on the subject and conclude that additional evidence is required before firm conclusions can be drawn about the merits of psychoanalysis as a training method. PMID- 7294217 TI - Folk healing: a description and synthesis. AB - All societies have developed ways of dealing with physical and mental illness, defined as folk healing systems. The authors review the systems of folk healing that have evolved in different cultural groups in the United States. They describe the faith healing practices of fundamentalist Christian groups, the belief in rootwork among white and black people in the southeastern United States, curanderismo among Mexican-Americans, and espiritismo among Americans from Puerto Rico. Most believers in folk healing also go to physicians for medical care. The authors argue that physicians should familiarize themselves with patients' folk healing beliefs in order to serve them more effectively. PMID- 7294218 TI - A "therapeutic alliance" between China and the United States. PMID- 7294219 TI - Transcultural investigation of recent symptomatology of schizophrenia in China. AB - During the past 15 years a number of new symptoms, rarely seen in the past, have been observed with increasing frequency among Chinese schizophrenic patients. The authors identify the following symptoms: discordant (dissociative) syndrome, denial of lineage, delusion of leadership lineage, delusion of being married, child-bearing delusion, delusion of being despised, delusion of imminent catastrophe, delusion of influence, inferential delusion, delusion of being experimented on, delusion of conducting an experiment, delusion of being cultivated by superiors, delusion of being tested, delusion of being examined, delusion of impending arrest, delusion of being slandered, mirror symptom, and syndrome of changing dialects. PMID- 7294220 TI - Biofeedback in the treatment of blepharospasm: a case study. AB - Although biofeedback has been of value in treating spastic paresis and torticollis, its effectiveness in other movement disorders is less clear. Blepharospasm, which has no definitive treatment, often has a strong psychogenic component. The authors report the use of electromyographic and temperature biofeedback in a women with blepharospasm who had responded poorly to psychotherapy. Her improvement during biofeedback treatment further elucidated psychogenic factors contributing to the disorder. At 3-months follow-up it seemed that the patient's secondary gain from the blepharospasm diminished the maximum treatment response she could have had to biofeedback. PMID- 7294221 TI - Meanings of combat and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. AB - The authors use the concept of "meanings of combat" to explain combat veterans' different reactions to war experiences, particularly the development of a posttraumatic stress disorder after combat. The authors present four case reports to illustrate some of the different meanings of combat and the ways such meanings relate to stress disorder and soldiers' adaptation before, during, and after combat. PMID- 7294222 TI - Efficacy of urine monitoring in methadone maintenance. AB - To test the efficacy of screening urine specimens of methadone maintenance clients as a deterrent to illicit drug use, the authors randomly assigned 431 subjects to a monitored or an unmonitored group for 1 year. Monitored subjects continued to provide urine specimens once a week; unmonitored subjects did not. All other aspects of treatment remained the same. At 4 and 8 months after the study began, surprise urine collections were conducted. There was no difference between the groups in the proportion of drug-free specimens at either time. PMID- 7294223 TI - Cerebral asymmetry and cerebellar atrophy in schizophrenia: a controlled postmortem study. AB - The authors examined volumetric occipital asymmetry and evidence of anterior vermian atrophy in the postmortem brains of 12 schizophrenic and 32 control subjects. Although they found no difference in the mean occipital asymmetry they found that for the schizophrenic subjects abnormal occipital asymmetry and vermian atrophy were inversely related. PMID- 7294224 TI - Atrial flutter with amoxapine: a case report. AB - The author describes a patient with preexisting heart disease who rapidly developed cardiac arrhythmia in association with the use of amoxapine. He calls attention to the potential for serious cardiac toxicity with this new drug. PMID- 7294225 TI - Capgras syndrome in a patient with myxedema. AB - The authors describe what may be the first reported case of Capgras syndrome associate with, or precipitated by, myxedema. The patient's mental status dramatically returned to normal with gradual thyroid replacement. The authors suggest that tests for organicity be done routinely on patients manifesting Capgras features. PMID- 7294226 TI - Mania associated with LSD ingestion. AB - The authors report a patient who suffered a full-blown manic attack after ingesting LSD or an LSD analogue. The patient experienced acute symptoms of LSD intoxication, which resolved but were followed in about 3 weeks by a typical manic episode of psychotic magnitude. The mania cleared with lithium therapy. PMID- 7294227 TI - More on "ex-gays". PMID- 7294229 TI - Determinism and free will. PMID- 7294228 TI - Interprofessional collaboration: a two-way street. PMID- 7294230 TI - Efficacy of therapies for depression. PMID- 7294231 TI - Haloperidol levels and clinical response. PMID- 7294232 TI - Failure to suppress dexamethasone in depression secondary to thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7294236 TI - Nocturnal enuresis caused by psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7294235 TI - Patients as research participants. PMID- 7294233 TI - Ethical use of antiandrogenic medications. PMID- 7294237 TI - Psychoanalysis and moral development. PMID- 7294234 TI - Stimulant medication in certain childhood disorders. PMID- 7294239 TI - Stereotypes, stepmothers, and splitting. AB - Asserting that preteen children cannot tolerate ambivalence, a recent study extols the "wicked stepmother" stereotype in fairy tales for providing a safe outlet for child-mother aggression. However, even theories which consider splitting normal in object-relations development see it as operating mostly before age 3. Dualistic thinking is not ubiquitous in childhood, nor is it ever outgrown. Rather, it is a mode of organizing experience mythopoetically; we learn to minimize its intrusions in dealings with day-to-day realities. There is no scientific justification for (and there are moral objections to) the propagation of the wicked stepmother stereotype. PMID- 7294238 TI - A psychoanalytic view of phobias. PMID- 7294240 TI - Capacities for integration, Oedipal ambivalence, and imaginary companions. AB - The phenomenon of imaginary companions in early childhood has been approached from the standpoint of capacities for ego integration. A limited review of the literature has been presented, along with a brief discussion of the development of synthetic functions and the growth of an integrated personality structure. The fantasy of an imaginary playmate has been examined as representing latent deficiencies in ego integration that become manifest with the rise of Oedipal conflicts. The case study of Susan was chosen to illustrate this process. The differential course of this stage of development for boys and girls is thought to require differential degrees of synthesis, and is presented as an explanation for the recurrent empirical finding that imaginary companions occur more frequently among female children. The ambivalence created in the child's relationship with the mother has been explored as a critical facet of this process, and the relationship of these early difficulties with integration to later psychopathology has been briefly addressed. PMID- 7294241 TI - Anti-Semitism: selected psychodynamic insights. PMID- 7294242 TI - Homosexual marriages. PMID- 7294243 TI - Humor, sex, and power in American society. PMID- 7294244 TI - Dilemmas of psychotherapy in Israel. PMID- 7294245 TI - Symptom substitution: a case study. PMID- 7294246 TI - Reflections on eating and breathing as models of mental functions. Food and breath "minds". PMID- 7294247 TI - Misconceptions contained in Natalie Shainess' "the swing of the pendulum: from anorexia to obesity.". PMID- 7294248 TI - Depression and suicide in children: an overview. AB - The author notes that childhood depression has become an accepted diagnostic entity, an affective disorder related to unipolar and bipolar illnesses. He indicates the importance of trying to distinguish between depression as a symptom and depression as a syndrome. Clinicians treating depressed children need to keep abreast of contemporary research on the role of metabolic dysfunctions in depression. PMID- 7294249 TI - The family system of suicidal children. AB - The organizational characteristics of the family system of psychiatrically hospitalized suicidal latency-age children include lack of generational boundaries, severely conflicted spouse relationships, parental feelings projected into the child, symbiotic parent-child relations, and an inflexible family system. Five cases illustrate a spectrum of family psychopathology and resultant childhood suicidal tendencies. PMID- 7294250 TI - Depression in abused and neglected children. AB - Depressive affect of continuing depression do occur in children. Behavioral symptoms can be described as masked depression. Deficient rearing, neglect, and physical and sexual abuse are most significant causes of childhood depression. Suicide and suicide attempts usually result from prolonged depression. Management must be multidisciplinary and aimed at rehabilitating child and family. PMID- 7294252 TI - Psychopathologic patterns in depressed adolescents. AB - Depression in adolescents may be masked by symptoms not commonly found in adults. These symptoms may require, at least initially, a management approach not necessarily in the best interest of treatment of the underlying depression. Suicidal behavior in adolescents can be manipulative and unrelated to depression. Management of such adolescents must differ from the management of patients whose suicidal behavior is the direct result of depression. PMID- 7294251 TI - Hypochondriacal and psychosomatic disorders masking depression in adolescents. AB - This paper is an overview on 141 adolescent patients with depressions masked by hypochondriacal symptoms and psychosomatic syndromes. Psychopathologic, psychodynamic and familial factors are enumerated and compared with those seen in adults. PMID- 7294253 TI - Depression in borderline adolescents. AB - Etiologically, adolescents considered borderline by the criteria in common use are on a continuum between primarily biological and primary psychological disorders. Depression is common, and may be masked (in many cases of ulcer, anorexia, substance abuse, school avoidance) or overt (viz., early onset endogenous depression, hysteroid dysphoria, cases with severe deprivation). Illustrative cases are provided, along with recommendations for treatment. PMID- 7294256 TI - Grief following childhood loss of a parent. AB - A distinction is drawn between incomplete grief and grief arising from maturational events such as life-cycle milestones. Treating maturational grief as though it were incomplete grief or using expressions of maturational grief as a sign of important childhood roots for a patient's current problems is likely to be unproductive. PMID- 7294255 TI - The future of health sciences. AB - The past advances in the health sciences will be overshadowed by the achievements to be expected by the year 200. A list shows the dates when certain targets will be reached according to the educated guesses of scientists in the respective fields. The need for a new ethics to handle the changes that will follow upon the discoveries is stressed. PMID- 7294254 TI - Depression: symptoms versus diagnosis in 10,412 hospitalized children and adolescents (1957-1977). AB - This study explores the relationship between both classical and "masked" symptoms of depression with the discharge diagnosis of depression. The sample consisted of 10.412 impatient admissions to a child and adolescent psychiatric municipal hospital. The results indicate that "masked" symptoms are not associated with a diagnosis of depression. PMID- 7294257 TI - Reactive entitlement in elective public office: a possible precursor to political corruption. AB - Observations, by a psychoanalyst who has served as an elected public official, reveal that exposure to conflicting demands from constituents may arouse a sense of depletion. Common reactions are feelings of entitlement and self-indulgent behavior which might include political corruption. Further research and preventive and therapeutic interventions are suggested. PMID- 7294258 TI - The Munchausen syndrome. AB - The current understanding of that peculiar group of people that fit the diagnostic entity called the Munchausen Syndrome is reviewed, and an attempt is made to elucidate their psychodynamics by suggesting that much of their behavior is motivated by disturbed object-relationships--a factor which is integral to their personality structure. PMID- 7294259 TI - Measuring functional disability in the older population. PMID- 7294260 TI - Tuberculosis and the health worker. PMID- 7294261 TI - The Framingham Disability Study: I. Social disability among the aging. AB - The Framingham Disability Study (FDS), a recent component of the Heart Disease Epidemiological Study in Framingham, Massachusetts, was designed to investigate the nature and magnitude of disability among mon-institutionalized aging adults. From September 1976, through November 1978, 2,654 individuals aged 55 to 84 years from the original cohort were interviewed in person or by telephone (94 per cent of the potential participant pool). This paper reports results on the prevalence social disability in five areas: housekeeping, transportation, social interaction, food preparation, and grocery shopping. Only 6 per cent of the sample have existing unmet needs in one or more of these five areas. The magnitude of social disability increases with advancing age. Women, in general, report a higher degree of unmet social needs than men. These findings are compared with other epidemiological investigations of social disability among the elderly. PMID- 7294262 TI - The Framingham Disability Study: II. Physical disability among the aging. AB - The Framingham Disability Study (FDS), a recent component of the Heart Disease Epidemiological Study in Framingham, Massachusetts, was designed to investigate the nature and magnitude of disability among non-institutionalized elderly. From September 1976 through November 1978, 2,654 individuals aged 55 to 84 years from the original Framingham cohort were interviewed in person or by telephone (94 per cent of the potential participant pool). The findings support the well known relationship between physical disability and age. The magnitude of disability, however, is not as great as conventional wisdom might suggest. This paper presents the physical disability prevalence findings and compares these results to earlier epidemiological investigations of disability in the elderly. PMID- 7294263 TI - Tuberculosis risk for hospital employees: analysis of a five-year tuberculin skin testing program. AB - This study of hospital employee tuberculin conversion rates was undertaken in a 516-bed urban general hospital to determine if employment in such a hospital placed employees at risk of infection with tuberculosis. Data collected on the tuberculin status of employees from 1971 through 1976 indicated that the five year conversion rate for all employees in a hospital-wide testing program was 7.1 per cent. Employees at greatest risk for conversion were non-White, age 46 through 64, in the lowest socioeconomic quintile, and employed in the Laundry, Housekeeping, and Engineering and Maintenance Departments. It was concluded that the higher than expected employee conversion rate was not attributable to exposure to infectious patients, but to a combination of the booster effect in serial tuberculin testing, use of a multiple puncture device for skin tests, and exposure to tuberculosis in the community. PMID- 7294264 TI - Foreign-born persons with tuberculosis in the United States. AB - Two recent surveys of selected states and cities suggest that foreign-born persons account for approximately 15 per cent of the new cases of tuberculosis reported annually in the areas surveyed. In both surveys the largest number of foreign-born persons came from the Western Hemisphere, the next largest from Asia. The largest number of foreign-born persons with tuberculosis are in the 15 29 year age group, presumably because most entering aliens are in this age group. Among persons with tuberculosis, a larger per cent of foreign-born patients have extrapulmonary disease than do native-born patients. About 50 per cent of the foreign-born persons with tuberculosis entered the United States within the five years prior to onset of disease. Within the United States, significant inter-area variation exists in the proportion of persons with tuberculosis who are foreign born and in countries of origin of these persons. PMID- 7294265 TI - Hypertension labeling and sense of well-being. AB - Seventy-one individuals were mislabeled on the basis of a prevalence survey (N = 1,031) conducted in low-income community. They were told by a physician that they were hypertensive but were later judged normotensive on the basis of three blood pressure measures. None of these persons was taking antihypertensive medication or under medical care. Compared to the total normotensive sample, the mislabeled group reported more depressive symptoms (P = .005), lower present health (p = .001), and a worsening of their health over the past five years (p = .035). Compared to a control group matched on gender, age, ethnicity, education, and marital status, the mislabeled group reported even more depressive symptoms (p = .005), and lower present health (p = .034). They did not, however, have a worsening of health over the past five years (p = .074). These findings could not be explained by greater utilization of medical care or comorbidity. It is suggested that these findings are a result of people being falsely labeled as hypertensive. PMID- 7294266 TI - Second consultant opinion for elective orthopedic surgery. AB - We abstracted records of 369 patients whose recommendations for elective orthopedic surgery were not confirmed by a second opinion consultant. Six months or more after the initial recommendation for surgery, 82 per cent had not had the operation performed, irrespective of the diagnosis and the characteristics of the physician recommending surgery. Reasons for consultant non-confirmation included: use of a cast, brace, or corrective footwear preferable (26.3 per cent), symptoms not severe enough (18.4 per cent), and physical therapy/exercises preferable (17.8 per cent). PMID- 7294267 TI - Alcohol-related deaths in Wisconsin: the impact of alcohol on mortality. AB - Analysis of the impact of alcohol as an underlying and non-underlying cause of death in Wisconsin showed a marked increase between 1963 and 1977 in the frequency of deaths reported with mention of alcohol. The rate of deaths for which alcohol was a non-underlying cause rose more sharply during this period (2.4 per 100,000 to 9.3) than that of alcohol-related causes (4.6/100,000 to 9.0). Nearly 90 per cent of alcohol-related deaths at ages 15-24 reported alcohol as a non-underlying cause, compared to 40.7 per cent at ages 45-54 and 57 per cent at ages 75+. This proportion was higher (50.8 per cent) among males than among females (32.8 per cent). Deaths related to alcohol are attributed to a number of underlying causes in addition to alcohol. In 1975-77, nearly half of the reported alcohol-related deaths were attributed to other causes, including accidents (14.8 per cent), heart disease (14.3 per cent), respiratory diseases (4.9 per cent), suicide (3.7 per cent), and cancer (31 per cent). These percentages may reflect substantial underreporting. Comparison of motor vehicle driver death certificates with blood alcohol test reports for these drivers shows 90 per cent underreporting of alcohol on death certificates. This fact, along with other information on underreporting, shows that the approximately 650 deaths now being reported with mention of alcohol annually in Wisconsin, represent only a portion of such deaths. PMID- 7294268 TI - Relative mortality of unbelted infant passengers and belted non-infant passengers in air accidents with survivors. AB - Aircraft accidents with survivors were examined to determine the relative risk of mortality for unrestrained infant passengers vs seat-belted adult passengers. The crude relative risk was estimated to be 7.1, based on US data, and 7.4, based on worldwide data. More refined estimates allow for possible effect of seat location and for differences in lethality between crashes. Using such estimates, unbelted infant passengers have relative risk of 5.9 based on US data and 9.6 based on worldwide data. The injury experience of restrained vs unrestrained automobile passengers suggests that observed excess risk to infant air passengers may be related to the absence of a mechanical restraint system. Recommendations for a mechanical restraint system are made and the cost and benefits of implementing these recommendations in the US are discussed. PMID- 7294269 TI - Choosing populations to study the health effects of low-dose ionizing radiation. AB - In January 1978, the United States Congress requested information about the utility of additional epidemiologic studies for quantifying the health effects of low-dose ionizing radiation. In our judgment, no single population can be recommended for study on purely scientific grounds, since the largest group offers only a small chance to obtain a definitive result. On the other hand, if social pressures and regulatory agencies mandate that such studies be attempted, we would recommend prospective cohort studies of occupational populations. We propose that a national worker registry be developed using ionizing radiation as the prototype for studying other occupational exposures. The problems related to studying low-level radiation are not unique, but apply equally to investigations dealing with a great variety of toxic agents. A national plan for collecting information on workers' exposure and health could provide a cost-efficient means to answer public health questions posed by the Congress, scientists and the public. PMID- 7294270 TI - Health beliefs and smoking behavior. AB - Smoking histories and beliefs about smoking were obtained on 120 ex- and current smokers. Ex-smokers view smoking as a serious health problem, did not report having a physician recommend they stop, and feel personally susceptible to its adverse effects. Moderate smokers (0-10/day) also view smoking as serious, but do not see themselves as vulnerable to its adverse effects. The data suggest that certain attitudes can discriminate between groups of current smokers, as well as smokers from ex-smokers. PMID- 7294271 TI - A thirty-month clinical experience in natural family planning. AB - A Natural Family Planning service was evaluated at the end of a 30-month developmental phase. There were 444 women taught and 322 method acceptor of which 248 intended to avoid pregnancy. NFP clients were older (mean age 26.9 vs 22.4 and 23.7 for comparison groups), and a larger percentage were married (83.1 per cent vs 23.0 per cent for the comparison group). After one year of use, the unplanned pregnancy rate was 14.4 per cent and the total dropout rate was 37.6 per cent by life table analysis. PMID- 7294272 TI - Postpartum sterilization in cesarean section and non-cesarean section deliveries: United States, 1970-75. AB - National Hospital Discharge Survey data indicate that the overall postpartum sterilization rate per 100 deliveries increased by 75 per cent from 4.0 in 1970 to 7.0 in 1975; by type of delivery, rates rose from 18.0 per 100 cesarean section deliveries and 3.2 for all other deliveries in 1970 to 19.0 and 5.6 respectively in 1975. The South had the highest postpartum sterilization rates overall. Deliveries to older mothers and cesarean section deliveries in hospitals with less than 100 beds were more often characterized by higher sterilization rates. PMID- 7294273 TI - Hypertension in health care providers: effectiveness of worksite treatment programs in a state mental health agency. AB - Twenty-seven per cent of 6,785 employees of the Office of Mental Health, New York State, had blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90; 66 per cent were previously known hypertensives. Treatment of hypertension was initiated at three worksites by a nurse-physician team using a stepped-care drug protocol. Of 232 patients under treatment, 67 per cent (156) have diastolic blood pressure controlled to less than 95 mmHg. Mean length of follow-up at the first established worksite was 3.7 +/- 0.4 years and at all three worksites 13.5 months. PMID- 7294274 TI - Past asbestos exposure among cable splicers. PMID- 7294275 TI - Suicidal motor vehicle fatalities in Detroit: a replication. PMID- 7294276 TI - Life sciences and effects of power: critical remarks. PMID- 7294277 TI - Metabolic rate in acute acidotic rats. PMID- 7294278 TI - The central pressor effects of K-strophanthin in rats. PMID- 7294279 TI - [Destruction of cochlear cells observed in guinea pigs after exposure to pink noise at 95-97.5 and 100 decibels dB(A)]. PMID- 7294280 TI - The activity of acetylcholine hydrolase and choline acetyltransferase in rat brain after prolonged lysine vasopressin administration. PMID- 7294281 TI - Stabilography in neurology. PMID- 7294282 TI - The current state of posturography in neurology. PMID- 7294284 TI - [Posturography applied to the evaluation of work capacity]. PMID- 7294283 TI - Studies on postural activity in man. PMID- 7294286 TI - Study on influences of the plantar mechanoreceptor on body sways. PMID- 7294287 TI - The mechanism for equilibration and sway of the center of gravity in neurological diseases. Effect of the plantar pressure receptor on body sway in spino cerebellar degeneration. PMID- 7294285 TI - [Kinetics disorders (care sickness) in patients with scoliosis]. PMID- 7294289 TI - [Cervical nystagmus. Sign of proprioceptive interference with vestibular function]. PMID- 7294288 TI - [Adaptability of equilibrium mechanisms as a function of the level of wakefulness: displacement of the center of gravity of the body according to the stages of sleep]. PMID- 7294290 TI - [Psychological states of patients with head injuries using an evaluation scale for borderline normal personalities]. PMID- 7294291 TI - [Variations in the toxicity of cadmium in relation to the possibility of controlling the environmental status by motor activity in the rat]. PMID- 7294292 TI - [The anesthetic act without its protocol]. PMID- 7294293 TI - [Effect of naloxone on perception of the presence of endorphin congeners in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria]. PMID- 7294294 TI - Relationship between the changes in the membrane potential and the contraction of the smooth muscles of the lower oesophageal sphincter and the ileocaecal sphincter. PMID- 7294295 TI - Different action of two hydrophobic 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives on the whole animal and on isolated tissues. PMID- 7294296 TI - Effects of anesthesia and surgery on plasma triiodothyronine concentrations in man. PMID- 7294297 TI - [Hormonal function indices of the fetoplacental system during partusisten therapy of premature labor]. PMID- 7294298 TI - [Importance of echography in assessing the nature of the development of the pregnancy in threatened abortion]. PMID- 7294299 TI - [Hormone content in the plasma of women with threatened abortion treated by acupuncture]. PMID- 7294300 TI - [Effect of reflexotherapy on normalizing autonomic endocrine regulation in threatened abortion]. PMID- 7294301 TI - [Therapeutic and prophylactic care in habitual abortion in women with genital infantilism]. PMID- 7294302 TI - [Ultrasonic biometry in the 1st trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 7294303 TI - [Prognostic significance of the placental lactogen and estriol content of the blood pregnant women]. PMID- 7294304 TI - [Possibility of using fluorography in the obstetrical clinic]. PMID- 7294305 TI - [Spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity of the peripheral blood on pregnant and parturient women]. PMID- 7294306 TI - [Course and outcome of labor in brachypellic pelvis]. PMID- 7294307 TI - [Characteristics of the stasis in the rhythm of urinary electrolyte excretion in healthy pregnant women]. PMID- 7294308 TI - [Prostaglandin biosynthesis in the placenta]. PMID- 7294309 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of mitral valve function in healthy pregnant women and those with a combined mitral defect]. PMID- 7294311 TI - [Non-coordinated labor]. PMID- 7294312 TI - [Allospermoimmunization and fertility]. PMID- 7294313 TI - [Epithelium of the ecto- and endocervix in ontogeny]. PMID- 7294310 TI - [Carbohydrate and fat metabolic state in female rats subjected to transplacental diethylstilbestrol exposure]. PMID- 7294314 TI - [Effect of transplantation immunity reactions induced in the mother on the development of the offspring]. PMID- 7294315 TI - [Effect of nicotine on the development of the fetus and offspring]. PMID- 7294316 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the blood system formation in the fetus]. PMID- 7294317 TI - [Pathogenesis of retardation in rabbit fetal development in the early stages of pregnancy]. PMID- 7294318 TI - [Indices of the oxidation-reduction processes in the mother-fetus-amniotic environment system in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7294319 TI - [Prolactin content of the mother-placenta-fetus system in premature labor]. PMID- 7294320 TI - [Fetoscopy potentials in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal developmental defects and hereditary diseases]. PMID- 7294321 TI - [Dynamics of basic cardiac activity indices against a background of ATP use in newborn infants from mothers with pregnancy nephropathy]. PMID- 7294322 TI - [Effect of staphylococcal anatoxin immunization on the course of experimental intrauterine staphylococcal infection]. PMID- 7294323 TI - [Monitoring fetal cardiac activity during labor]. PMID- 7294324 TI - Determination of total inorganic arsenic in fish, shellfish and fish products. PMID- 7294325 TI - [Comparison of various empirical dosage suggestions for etomidate infusions on the basis of pharmacokinetic data (author's transl)]. AB - The superposition principle of linear pharmacokinetics allows in a simple way simulation of blood levels and amounts of drug in other compartments for arbitrary dosage schemes provided the pharmacokinetic data are known. Assuming a 2-compartment model we compare for etomidate different dosage schemes as described in the literature with respect to the resulting course of blood levels or amounts of drug in different compartments. In conjunction with the reported clinical observations one can estimate minimal therapeutic blood levels and identify the compartment to which the site of action may be associated. PMID- 7294326 TI - [Labetalol for the management of hypertensive crises during surgery of cerebral aneurysm; a haemodynamic study (author's transl)]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of Labetalol, an alpha- and beta blocking agent were investigated during neurosurgery in 11 patients with cerebral aneurysm and hypertensive episodes. All operations were performed in neuroleptanalgesia and controlled ventilation (PaCO2 = 30 mmHg). Immediately after intravenous injection of Labetalol there was a significant fall in the following haemodynamic parameters: arterial pressure -20 percent, pulmonary artery pressure -17 per cent, heart work index (right ventricle -32 percent, left ventricle -30 percent) and cardiac effort index -25 percent. Heart rate, cardiac index, stroke volume, total systemic and total pulmonary resistance were not appreciably altered. Labetalol appears to be of value in neurosurgical operations, where an increase in blood pressure, heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption is undesirable. PMID- 7294327 TI - [Physostigmine and reversal of anticholinergic effects of neurolept-anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - After 486 gynaecological procedures performed under neuroleptanaesthesia 32 patients remained irresponsive despite naloxone reversal of possible fentanyl overdose and exclusion by peripheral nerve stimulation of prolonged neuromuscular blockade. By random selection 18 of these (group A) received physostigmine 2 mg, 14 patients (group B) served as controls. Groups were comparable concerning age, technique and duration of anaesthesia, total doses of anaesthetics and muscle relaxants. Patients in group A were fully responsive within 9 +/- 4,6 min. after physostigmine, patients without this drug (group B) however within 49 +/- 19 min. This difference was highly significant (P less than 0,001). PMID- 7294328 TI - [Tramadol during the postoperative period]. AB - The effect of tramadol, a new synthetic opioid, on respiration and circulation was examined in 42 patients during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery. Pulmonary disorders were present in some patients. Tramadol did not affect the haemodynamic parameters; but the tidal volume increased and the respiratory rate fell. Forced vital capacity, which was reduced after the operation, increased, possibly due to the analgesic effect of tramadol. The drug appears to be a suitable choice during the postoperative period, especially in patients with pulmonary disorders. PMID- 7294329 TI - [Late laryngeal and tracheal complications after prolonged naso-tracheal intubation (author's transl)]. AB - The causes, incidence and means of preventing sequelae (late complications) after long-term intubation are discussed and the literature is reviewed. 6 of 353 surviving patients with neurosurgical disorders required treatment following prolonged intubation. The incidence of subglottic and tracheal stenoses was 1,14 per cent and of other laryngeal damages was 1,13 per cent. The primary disorder and unfavourable conditions attending its treatment appear to be responsible for the complications. PMID- 7294330 TI - [Suspected "Legionnaire's disease" (author's transl)]. AB - A 46 years old man was admitted to the medical intensive care unit on account of bronchopneumonia with high fever. Because of increasing respiratory insufficiency he was transferred to the anaesthesiological intensive care unit where he was intubated and artificially ventilated until his death 32 days later. Samples of blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid and tracheal swabs proved sterile when cultured and serological titration methods for the presence of a variety of virus, Chlamydia and Rickettsia gave negative results. Repeated consultations with the bacteriologist finally led to the diagnosis of suspected "legionnaire's disease". Chemotherapy with a great variety of antibiotics failed to bring down the high fever. It was only after 30 days of artificial ventilation that the immuno-fluorescence test for "legionnaire's disease" showed a titre of 1:128 which, according to the literature, constitutes an indication of the presence of this rare disease. A change of antibiotic therapy to erythromycin did not prevent the fatal outcome and the patient died of hypoxic cardiovascular failure. PMID- 7294331 TI - [Proximity and old age]. PMID- 7294332 TI - [Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary]. PMID- 7294333 TI - [Diagnosis of fetal well-being during pregnancy using utero-placental blood flow]. PMID- 7294334 TI - [The face: the importance of form for the esthetic concept]. PMID- 7294335 TI - The concept of "balanced" general anaesthesia. PMID- 7294336 TI - Duration of sympathetic blockade. Stellate ganglion versus intravenous regional guanethidine block. PMID- 7294337 TI - Endotracheal compared with intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg of lignocaine. Measurement of arterial and venous levels. PMID- 7294338 TI - Epidural space pressures during pregnancy. AB - The epidural space pressure in the lumbar region was monitored and recorded in 21 full term pregnant patients, before and during labour and 6-12 hours postpartum, in different positions. The pre-labour epidural pressure was found to be above atmospheric in all patients, being highest when supine, and lowest in the lateral position. Three patients with twin pregnancy showed a greater rise in epidural space pressure in the supine position even with the use of lateral tilt, compared with patients with single fetus pregnancy. It is suggested that the epidural space pressure in the full term pregnant patient is closely related to the degree of inferior vena caval obstruction imposed by the gravid uterus. It is also suggested that when the patient is aware of a uterine contraction, the synchronous rise of the epidural space pressure with the contraction is a result of reflex increase in abdominal muscle tone. With established epidural block, and the parturient unaware of a contraction, such a rise was minimal, and was replaced by a drop in pressure in patients with a single fetus who developed loss of muscle power. The magnitude of the drop in the epidural space pressure immediately after delivery was found to be related to the duration of labour and to the mode of delivery. Epidural pressures measured 6-12 hours after delivery were comparable in all patients. PMID- 7294339 TI - Obstetric pain relief in a district hospital. The provision of a limited epidural service. AB - The effectiveness of the various methods used to provide obstetric pain relief in a District General Hospital was assessed. More than 70% of mothers were generally satisfied with the pain relief they received, but the majority would, in retrospect, have liked some additional analgesia at some stage. Seventeen per cent would have liked an epidural. Neither the social group of the mothers nor their duration of residence in the area of the hospital affected the demand for additional pain relief. The demand for epidurals was greater in social groups I and II. The effect of the obstetric pain relief service on the workload of available trained staff was assessed: most of the demands were made between the hours of 0900 and 2100 hours. PMID- 7294340 TI - An unusual cause of neonatal respiratory distress. RDS in a neonate with a neuro enteric cyst. AB - A 2.5 kg male infant developed respiratory distress in the neonatal period. A diagnosis of idiopathic hyaline membrane disease was made and he was treated accordingly. At 24 hours of age he required intubation, and the immediate and dramatic improvement in his condition suggested that the original diagnosis was incorrect. Closer examination of the chest X-ray revealed an intrathoracic cyst and abnormal vertebrae. The cyst was removed surgically, and histological examination showed it to be a neuro-endodermal cyst. PMID- 7294341 TI - Inhalation of a foreign body. A hazard of protective rubber sleeves on the jaws of mouth gags. PMID- 7294342 TI - Beta-receptor blockade and tracheal intubation. PMID- 7294343 TI - Modification of tracheal tube for paediatric bronchography. PMID- 7294344 TI - Selective obstetric epidural service in a developing country. PMID- 7294345 TI - Lack of anti-emetic effect of glycopyrrolate. PMID- 7294346 TI - Experiences with epidural morphine in obstetrics. PMID- 7294347 TI - Pethidine, metoclopramide and the gastro-oesophageal sphincter. PMID- 7294349 TI - Use of a mixture of sodium nitroprusside and trimetaphan. PMID- 7294348 TI - Ketamine on demand for postoperative analgesia. PMID- 7294350 TI - A defect in Robertshaw double lumen endotracheal tubes corrected. PMID- 7294351 TI - Aerosol bronchodilator administration in ventilator systems. PMID- 7294352 TI - A modified Macintosh/Forrester spray. PMID- 7294353 TI - Behind the identification of China White. PMID- 7294354 TI - Determination of iodoamino acids and thyroid hormones in a urine matrix by neutron activation analysis. PMID- 7294355 TI - Tissue-based membrane electrode with high biocatalytic activity for measurement of adenosine 5'-monophosphate. PMID- 7294357 TI - Analytical applications of emulsions in atomic-absorption spectrophotometry: determination of zinc in undecenoate ointments using aqueous inorganic standards. PMID- 7294356 TI - Method validation for the determination of tetrachlorodibenzodioxin at the low parts-per-trillion level. PMID- 7294358 TI - Rapid determination of trace amounts of selenium in biological samples by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7294359 TI - Measurement of phenol in urine by the method of Van Haaften and Sie: a critical appraisal. PMID- 7294360 TI - Microbiological assay of low levels of monensin in animal feeds. PMID- 7294361 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of copper in blood serum with 4-(2 quinolylazo)phenol. PMID- 7294362 TI - Determination of diazepam and its major metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7294363 TI - Spectrophotometric and titrimetric determination of catecholamines using organic brominating agents. PMID- 7294364 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of thiamine hydrochloride using orthogonal polynomials. PMID- 7294365 TI - Determination of tryptophan in feeds and feed ingredients by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7294366 TI - Differential-pulse polarography of trichothecene toxins: detection of deoxynivalenol in corn. PMID- 7294368 TI - Positioning the right atrial catheter: a model for reappraisal. AB - A flexible Silastic casting of the human right atrium was developed to correspond to some in vivo human right atrium hemodynamic characteristics including chamber pressures, pulsatility, fluid output, and flow velocity. Using an infusion pump, air was introduced (10 ml in 30 s) into the superior vena cava of the model and aspirated via a catheter from different positions within the model atrial chamber. The tests were carried out at atrial inclinations of 60 degrees, 80 degrees, and 90 degrees from the horizontal and compared the aspiration efficiency of a single-orificed 16-gauge catheter to a 16-gauge multiorified (5 aperatures) catheter. Optimal air aspiration occurred with the multiorificed catheter tip positioned within the area 2.0 cm below the junction of the superior vena cava (SVC) and the atrial chamber at an inclination of 80 degrees. As much as 80 per cent of the incoming air could be aspirated under these conditions. At its optimal position the single-orificed catheter gave a maximal yield of 45 to 50 per cent aspiration when the tip was positioned 3.0 cm above the SVC and atrial chamber junction. Aspiration of air from mid right atrium (4.5 cm below the SVC-atrial junction) was poor regardless of the type of catheter used or atrial inclination. These data suggest a need for reappraisal of catheter design and placement. PMID- 7294367 TI - Determination of meptazinol in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 7294369 TI - Regional ischemic ventricular dysfunction in myocardium supplied by a narrowed coronary artery with increasing halothane concentration in the dog. AB - The effects of increasing inspired halothane concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 per cent) upon left ventricular myocardium supplied by a critically narrowed coronary artery and a normal coronary artery were studied in 11 open-chested dogs. Regional ventricular function was measured by continuous recording of ventricular segment length using pairs of implanted miniature ultrasonic length detectors in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumflex coronary artery (LC) territories before and during critical stenosis of the LAD by a micrometer-controlled snare. Critical narrowing was documented by ischemic regional ventricular function (i.e., post-systolic shortening; systolic lengthening) limited to the LAD territory when FIO2 = 0 for 90 seconds. Hemodynamic variables (aortic, left atrial and left ventricular pressure, and heart rate) were measured, ECG lead II was recorded, and the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt) and coronary perfusion pressure derived for each halothane concentration before and during LAD narrowing. Increasing halothane was associated with equivalent progressive depression of global ventricular function before and during LAD constriction. Prior to LAD constriction, no ischemic changes in regional function occurred. Regional ventricular function was normal during 0.5 percent halothane in the presence of LAD constriction. With increasing halothane during LAD constriction, ischemic regional ventricular function was observed in the LAD territory in eight of eleven hearts, whereas regional ventricular function remained normal in the LC territory. The epicardial ECG was recorded in three dogs and was insensitive as an indicator of ischemia, becoming abnormal only after severe ischemic changes were established. In these studies, in which heart rate remained constant, arterial blood pressure and LV dP/dt decreased, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased, decrease in blood flow and oxygen delivery due to a lower perfusion pressure distal to the coronary artery narrowing appears to be primarily responsible for the observations. The authors hypothesize that clinically unapparent episodes of regional myocardial ischemia distal to narrowed coronary arteries may be an important cause of perioperative myocardial infarction. PMID- 7294370 TI - Halothane depression of myocardial slow action potentials. PMID- 7294371 TI - Tissue redistribution of fentanyl and termination of its effects in rats. AB - The kinetics of fentanyl elimination from plasma suggest its rapid and extensive uptake by tissues. The authors determined the relationships between tissue and plasma concentrations of fentanyl. Six rats injected iv with 3H-fentanyl citrate (50 micrograms/kg) were sacrificed at each of the following times: 1.5, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after injection. Tissues were analyzed for unchanged 3H fentanyl citrate and for total 3H-radioactivity. Fentanyl effects were evident 10 s after injection; recovery began at 5 min and was complete within 60 min. Fentanyl concentrations in brain, heart, and lung equilibrated with that in plasma before 1.5 min and declined at the same rate (t 1/2 alpha = 8 min, t 1/2 beta = 45 min). Fentanyl uptake by muscle and fat was slower and equilibration with plasma occurred by 120 min. Muscle accumulated 56 per cent of the dose within 5 min by which time brain fentanyl levels had declined by 90 per cent. Only 6 per cent of the dose was in fat at 5 min but this increased to a maximum of 17 per cent at 30 min. Fentanyl was extensively metabolized; metabolites represented 25 per cent of body 3H-radioactivity at 15 min, and 80 per cent at 4 h. The authors conclude that the short duration of fentanyl effect is due to its rapid redistribution from sites of action in the brain to sites of storage (muscle and fat) and biotransformation (liver). The elimination of fentanyl from the body is governed by its reuptake from storage sites and its metabolism in the liver. Most of the dose is ultimately excreted in the form of fentanyl metabolites in urine. PMID- 7294372 TI - Unilateral lung lavage: blood flow manipulation by ipsilateral pulmonary artery balloon inflation in dogs. AB - The authors attempted to favorably manipulate the distribution of pulmonary blood flow during unilateral atelectasis and during unilateral lung lavage by nonocclusive inflation of an ipsilateral pulmonary artery catheter balloon (PAB). Six mongrel dogs were anesthetized, intubated with a double-lumen endotracheal tube, and following a thoracotomy, pulmonary artery and left lung blood flows (Qt and QLL/Qt, respectively) were measured electromagnetically; right lung blood flows (QRL/Qt) were derived by difference. A PAB was positioned in the right main pulmonary artery. The experimental sequence consisted of seven steps: 1) both lungs ventilated; 2) ventilation of the left lung (LL vent), right lung (RL) atelectatic, PAB deflated; 3) LL vent, RL atelectatic, PAB inflated; 4) LL vent, RL lavaged, PAB deflated; 5) LL vent, RL lavaged, PAB inflated; 6) LL vent, RL drained, PAB deflated; and 7) LL vent, RL drained, PAB inflated. At each step the shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) was determined. Inflation of the PAB during LL vent and RL atelectatic (step 3) caused QRL/Qt and Qs/Qt to decrease and QLL/Qt and PaO2 to increase significantly (compared to step 2). There were no significant differences in QRL/Qt, QLL/Qt, Qs/Qt, and PaO2 during RL lavage with the PAB deflated (step 4) compared to RL lavage with the PAB inflated (step 5). Inflation of the PAB during RL drainage (step 7) caused QRL/Qt to decreased and QLL/Qt to increase significantly compared to their values during periods of RL drainage with the PAB deflated (step 6). This resulted in a significant increase in PaO2 and decrease in Qs/Qt. These results demonstrate that the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in dogs can be favorably manipulated by nonocclusive ipsilateral PAB inflation and support a trial of use in selected patients during one-lung anesthesia and ventilation. PMID- 7294373 TI - Psychological effects of general anesthesia on five- to eight-year-old children. AB - Thirty-six five- to eight-year-old children undergoing routine myringotomy procedures and maintained with halothane-N2O general anesthesia (mean duration = 17.9 min) were administered a series of psychological performance measures prior to and at about two hours after surgery. A control group of 30 children not experiencing anesthesia or surgery was tested at comparable intervals. In addition, 16 of the anesthesia group and 15 of the control group subjects were retested again the next day, about 24 h postsurgery. The anesthesia group demonstrated impairment on tests of reasoning, motor and memory functions at two hours postanesthesia. There was no evidence for continued impairment 24 h later. The effects at two hours postanesthesia did not appear related to induction medication or group differences in discomfort/symptomatology. PMID- 7294374 TI - Electroencephalographic evidence of arousal in dogs from halothane after doxapram, physostigmine, or naloxone. AB - The clinical impressions of enhanced arousal from halothane anesthesia and improvement of postanesthesia recovery scores after doxapram, physostigmine, or naloxone have not been verified in laboratory studies based on the effect of these drugs on MAC. With induction of anesthesia, a shift in the amplitude of the EEG from low to high occurs at anesthetic concentrations well below MAC and appears to coincide with the loss of consciousness. The authors examined the effect of arousal agents on the end-tidal halothane concentration required to produce this shifting EEG. In 24 unmedicated dogs, the end-tidal halothane concentration was elevated to 20 per cent above the shift point concentration (from 0.61 +/- 0.03 to 0.73 +/- 0.03 per cent) and maintained at this level for 30 min. Doxapram, 1 mg/kg, iv, and physostigmine, 0.03 mg/kg, iv, converted the EEG from a high amplitude to a low amplitude tracing in 22 +/- 3 s in eight of eight, and 225 +/- 37 s in seven of eight dogs, respectively. The end-tidal halothane concentration required to restore the shifting EEG was elevated above control for 50 +/- 7 min and 109 +/- 7 min, respectively. Naloxone, 0.06 mg/kg, iv, produced an awake EEG in two of eight dogs in 233 +/- 18 s which persisted for 22 +/- 4 min, and a transiently shifting EEG in three of eight dogs between 200 and 240 s. Naloxone 0.006, mg/kv, iv, produced an awake EEG in 80 +/- 8 s in four of four dogs who had previously received doxapram 3 h earlier. In this model doxapram and physostigmine paralleled the clinically observed onset and duration of arousal. The inconstant arousal from halothane anesthesia induced by naloxone was interpreted in terms of an opiate receptor independent action. PMID- 7294376 TI - Succinylcholine neuromuscular blockade in subjects homozygous for atypical plasma cholinesterase. PMID- 7294375 TI - Are the myocardial functional and metabolic effects of isoflurane really different from those of halothane and enflurane? PMID- 7294378 TI - Hemodynamic changes prior to and after sternotomy in patients anesthetized with high-dose fentanyl. PMID- 7294380 TI - Increased heparin requirement with hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 7294377 TI - Thoracic gas volume measured by body plethysmography during anesthesia and muscle paralysis: description and validation of a method. AB - A method based on body plethysmography for the assessment of thoracic gas volume (TGV) in the anesthetized, paralyzed subject is presented. The compression of thoracic gas following inflation is detected by measuring the difference between the inflation volume and the "box volume" change caused by the expansion of the chest. Model experiments showed good agreement between true and measured volumes with a residual standard deviation of 2 per cent. In studies on human subjects with healthy lungs during halothane anesthesia, the coefficient of variation of repeated measurements was 5 per cent. Comparative measurements with resting lung volume (FRC) determined by multiple breath nitrogen washout disclosed a larger volume by the box technique, a difference which was reduced but not eliminated by deep breathing during the nitrogen washout. This difference, amounting to 0.2 liters on the average, may be explained by abdominal gas and by the detection of trapped gas by the box technique but not by the nitrogen washout. PMID- 7294379 TI - Treatment of stress-induced increases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure using volatile anesthetics. PMID- 7294381 TI - Prevention of rigidity during fentanyl--oxygen induction of anesthesia. PMID- 7294382 TI - Fanconi syndrome and anesthesia. PMID- 7294383 TI - A surgical field flash fire during the separation of dicephalus dipus conjoined twins. PMID- 7294384 TI - Posttetanic count (PTC): a new method of evaluating an intense nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 7294385 TI - Hemiparesis following carotid endarterectomy: comparison of monitoring methods. PMID- 7294387 TI - The value of fluoroscopy before performing a phrenic nerve block. PMID- 7294386 TI - Coronary artery spasm during general anesthesia. PMID- 7294388 TI - Death on induction of anesthesia for cervical node biopsy. PMID- 7294389 TI - Convulsant blood levels of bupivacaine. PMID- 7294390 TI - Use of fiberoptic bronchoscope to change endotracheal tube endorsed. PMID- 7294391 TI - Use of cold nasogastric tubes corrects problems due to pliability. PMID- 7294392 TI - A case of unilateral analgesia following epidural and subarachnoid block revisited. PMID- 7294393 TI - Rare types of cholinesterase in two parturients. PMID- 7294396 TI - Another use for the fiberoptic bronchoscope. PMID- 7294395 TI - Conclusions concerning "differential sensitivities of nerve fibers to local anesthetics" may not be justified. PMID- 7294394 TI - Beneficial effects of halothane on myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7294397 TI - Cordis introducers: CVP measurement with fluid infusion. PMID- 7294398 TI - Another sign of inadvertent carotid cannulation. PMID- 7294399 TI - Compatibility and stability of pentobarbital ininfusions. PMID- 7294400 TI - To dream the impossible dream. PMID- 7294401 TI - Analgesia, anesthesia and chest wall motion. PMID- 7294402 TI - Cerebral protective effect of low-grade hypothermia. AB - Male Wistar rats with unilateral carotid ligation were exposed to arterial hypoxia (PaO2 20-23 torr for 20 min) while body temperature was controlled at 37 degrees C, 36 degrees C, or 34 degrees C. Brain cortical concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and lactate were measured microfluorometrically. Normothermic hypoxic rats had severe metabolic changes with low brain ATP and extremely high brain lactate. When rectal temperature was controlled at 36 degrees C during hypoxia, brain ATP was not different from that observed in normothermic, normoxic rats, and brain lactate was significantly lower than during normothermic hypoxia. At 34 degrees C, brain lactate was even less, but still three times higher than that observed in normothermic normoxic rats. PCr was significantly higher following hypoxia at 34 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. In part, this latter finding may reflect preservation of intracellular pH at 34 degrees C. A decrease of body temperature of 1-3 degrees C can minimize or prevent brain energy failure during hypoxia as well as decrease the magnitude of brain tissue acidosis. Thus, in experiments examining "cerebral protective effects" of therapies during brain hypoxia-ischemia, stringent control of body temperature is necessary. Furthermore, a possible clinical benefit resulting from modest reduction in body temperature in patients with marginal cerebral oxygenation is suggested. PMID- 7294403 TI - Thoracic gas volume and chest-abdomen dimensions during anesthesia and muscle paralysis. AB - The aim was to study thoracic gas volume (TGV) in anesthetized and paralyzed subjects (n = 16) and to analyze any change in TGV in terms of thoraco-abdominal dimensions. TGV was measured by means of a body plethysmograph, using a super syringe for lung inflation during muscle paralysis. The thoraco-abdominal shape at the mamillary and umbilical levels was studied by means of magnetometry for the assessment of antero-posterior diameters (A-P), a strain gauge technique for measuring circumferences and respiratory inductive plethysmography for the recording of cross-sectional areas. TGV was reduced by an average of 28 per cent, from 2.38 1 awake to 1.72 1 during pentothal anesthesia and spontaneous breathing. No change in A-P diameters or cross-sectional areas were noticed. Muscle paralysis and mechanical ventilation caused no further change in TGV, nor were there any changes in A-P diameters, circumferences or cross-sectional areas of the chest or abdomen. The rib cage contribution to the tidal breath was significantly increased, from 41 per cent to 62 per cent to the tidal volume. The result of a lowered TGV during anesthesia concurrently with no measurable change in chest-abdomen dimensions remains a paradox not yet fully understood. PMID- 7294404 TI - Changes in rib cage and diaphragm contribution to ventilation after morphine. PMID- 7294405 TI - Peridural meperidine in humans: analgesic response, pharmacokinetics, and transmission into CSF. AB - Effective analgesia resulted from the injection of peridural meperidine in two groups of cancer patients, eight with postoperative pain and eight with intractable pain. Peridural meperidine HCl, 100 mg (n = 8), in 10 ml saline administered to patients following surgery was followed by a median duration of analgesia of 6 hours (range 4-20 hours) over periods ranging from 1-4 days. Peridural meperidine HCl, 30-100 mg (n = 8), in 10 ml saline administered to patients with intractable pain gave a median duration of analgesia of 8 hours (range 4-20 hours) over periods ranging from 1-9 days. There was no obvious tendency towards tolerance. In all patients, the onset of analgesia was within 5 min and was complete within 30 min. This analgesia paralleled the rise in CSF meperidine concentrations following peridural administration. Systemic absorption of peridurally administered meperidine occurred with a half-life of 15-30 min and produced blood concentrations high enough to contribute to analgesia after approximately 20 min in the majority of patients. There was no objective evidence in any neurological change nor sympathetic blockade after peridural meperidine. From this evidence the dorsal horn of the spinal cord may be the major site of action as distinct from the axonal blockade produced by local anesthetics, indicating 'selective' spinal analgesia. PMID- 7294406 TI - Sperm studies in anesthesiologists. AB - Semen samples were collected from 46 anesthesiologists each of whom had worked a minimum of one year in hospital operating rooms ventilated with modern gas scavenging devices. Samples collected from 26 beginning residents in anesthesiology served as controls. Concentrations of sperm and percentages of sperm having abnormal head shapes were determined for each sample. No significant differences were found between anesthesiologists and beginning residents. Limiting the analyses to men having no confounding factors (varicocele, recent illness, medications, heavy smoking, frequent sauna use) did not change the results. The sperm concentration and morphology in 13 men did not change significantly after one year of exposure to anesthetic gases. However, the group of mean who had one or more confounding factors (excluding exposure to anesthetic gases) showed significantly higher percentages of sperm abnormalities than did the group of men without such factors. These results suggest that limited exposure to anesthetic gases does not significantly affect sperm production as judged by changes in sperm concentration and morphology. These data are reassuring, but since the hospitals surveyed used modern gas-scavenging devices, men who are occupationally exposed to anesthetic gases without this protection should be studied for fuller assessment of the possible human spermatotoxic effects. PMID- 7294407 TI - The dose-response effects of oral cimetidine on gastric pH and volume in children. AB - The effects of preanesthetic oral cimetidine on gastric fluid pH and volume were studied in 97 infants and children. A dose-response curve was constructed using doses of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg. The ED50 of cimetidine that produces pH values higher than 2.5 was 3.0 mg/kg, and the ED95 was 7.5 mg/kg. Cimetidine exponentially reduced the volume of gastric fluid. Cimetidine was most effective between one and four hours after oral administration. In children who are at high risk of pulmonary aspiration, we recommend that oral cimetidine, 7.5 mg/kg, be given 1-3 hours preoperatively in order to protect the lungs from the accidental aspiration of acidic gastric secretions. PMID- 7294408 TI - Effect of sodium nitroprusside on cardiovascular function and pulmonary shunt in canine oleic acid pulmonary edema. AB - The authors investigated the acute effects of nitroprusside on intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt), cardiac output, and left ventricular function in dogs with normal lungs, and again after they developed oleic acid pulmonary edema. Before oleic acid, nitroprusside reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and stroke volume, and there were no changes in Qs/Qt. Ninety minutes after oleic acid, PCWP, Qs/Qt, and systemic vascular resistance increased and stroke volume decreased. Then nitroprusside increased cardiac output by 35 per cent and increased Qs/Qt from 12 to 18 per cent. After oleic acid, stroke volume increased on nitroprusside from 18 to 23 ml (P less than 0.05) despite reduced preload, as PCWP decreased from 10.4 to 4.4 torr on nitroprusside (P less than 0.05). Increased stroke volume may be explained by the reduction in resistive afterload, as nitroprusside reduced systemic vascular resistance from 60 to 34 torr . l-1 . min. To the extent that canine oleic acid pulmonary edema represents low pressure edema in patients, nitroprusside is a potential treatment to reduce PCWP, pulmonary microvascular pressure, and pulmonary edema while maintaining cardiac output. PMID- 7294410 TI - Disuse atrophy with resistance to pancuronium. AB - To determine whether disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle results in resistance to pancuronium, the dose response to pancuronium was determined simultaneously in both gastrocnemius muscles of six dogs that had one hind limb immobilized in a plaster cast for one month. Muscle responses were evoked during pentobarbital nitrous oxide anesthesia by stimulation of the exposed sciatic nerves, using the train-of-four pattern. Muscle subject to disuse atrophy was resistant to pancuronium. The ED50 (dose of pancuronium which causes a 50 per cent depression of twitch tension) was 0.051 mg/kg for casted and 0.027 mg/kg for uncasted limbs for a potency ratio of 1.89. On the basis of these data the author predicts that bedridden or immobilized patients are likely to require greater doses of nondepolarizing relaxants for paralysis. PMID- 7294409 TI - Effect of spinal cord transection on neuromuscular function in the rat. AB - The effect of T6 spinal cord transection on neuromuscular physiology, pharmacology, and histochemistry as well as succinylcholine-induced changes in serum potassium were studied in 88 Sprague-Dawley rats and compared to 19 control animals. Resting membrane potential of spinal cord transected animals decreased by a maximum of 15 mV. This change was significant at days 3, 7, and 30 posttransection. Cell membrane input resistance was significantly decreased at posttransection days 10 and 15. Succinylcholine-induced contracture increased 3- to 4-fold and was significantly greater than control values on days 5 and 10 posttransection. Concomitant with the development of contracture there was a spread of cholinergic receptor from the end plate region. This differed from control acetylcholine sensitivity on days 7, 15, and 30 when receptor could be detected in excess of 1000 micrometer from the endplate. Serum K+ levels 3 min after administration of succinylcholine (1 mg/kg) was significantly elevated on days 10 and 30. Spinal cord transection causes denervation-like changes in the involved skeletal muscle. PMID- 7294411 TI - Cardiovascular complications during anesthesia in chronic spinal cord injured patients. PMID- 7294412 TI - Difficult pediatric endotracheal intubation: a new approach to the retrograde technique. PMID- 7294413 TI - Lidocaine before endotracheal intubation: intravenous or laryngotracheal? PMID- 7294414 TI - Obstruction of anomalous tracheal bronchus with endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7294415 TI - Laser-induced endotracheal tube fire. PMID- 7294416 TI - The failure of nasal plethysmography to estimate cerebral blood flow during carotid occlusion. PMID- 7294418 TI - Pneumochylothorax: a rare complication of stellate ganglion block. PMID- 7294417 TI - Perioperative anesthetic management of a patient with long Q-T syndrome (LQTS). PMID- 7294419 TI - Pourfour Du Petit syndrome--hypersympathetic dysfunctional state following a direct non-penetrating injury to the cervical sympathetic chain and brachial plexus. PMID- 7294420 TI - Total spinal block after epidural injection into an interspace adjacent to an inadvertent dural perforation. PMID- 7294421 TI - New method for fiberoptic endotracheal intubation of anesthetized patients. PMID- 7294423 TI - Obstruction of an endotracheal tube by lidocaine jelly. PMID- 7294422 TI - Caudal anesthesia for early onset myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 7294424 TI - Dose response to intramuscular succinylcholine in children. PMID- 7294425 TI - Fatal misuse of enflurane. PMID- 7294426 TI - Use of Doppler for difficult axillary block. PMID- 7294427 TI - Millipore filters are not necessary for epidural block. PMID- 7294428 TI - Massive weight loss will improve arterial oxygenation in selected patients. PMID- 7294429 TI - Use of a flexible, radiopaque directable catheter for difficult tracheal intubations. PMID- 7294430 TI - Emergency transtracheal ventilation. PMID- 7294431 TI - A low cost, comfortable and effective anesthesia earpiece. PMID- 7294432 TI - A simple device for remote monitoring of respiration. PMID- 7294433 TI - [Disorders of the blood colloid-osmotic state in patients requiring intensive therapy]. PMID- 7294434 TI - [Combined general anesthesia with seduxen and morphine in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 7294435 TI - [Cytogenetic effect of the components of intravenous combined anesthesia]. PMID- 7294436 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the adequacy of general anesthesia with ketamine and combined neuroleptanalgesia in children]. PMID- 7294437 TI - [Effect of the successive administration of obzidan and novodrin on carbohydrate metabolism under different types of general anesthesia]. PMID- 7294438 TI - [Psychosomatic state and adrenal function in cancer patients before and after surgery]. PMID- 7294439 TI - [Experience with the simultaneous use of peridural and subarachnoidal neurolysis with various preparations in incurable cancer patients with severe pain syndrome]. PMID- 7294440 TI - [Chart for preoperative anesthesiological examinations]. PMID- 7294442 TI - [Post-resuscitation dynamics of cerebral circulation]. PMID- 7294441 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of digoxin, strophanthin, isolanid and corglycon on the indices of central hemodynamics, vascular tonus, circulating blood volume and myocardial contractility in acute heart failure]. PMID- 7294443 TI - [Assessment of methods of antibiotic administration by their concentration in the blood and lung tissue]. PMID- 7294444 TI - [Combined effect of different factors of the operation on the degree of postoperative depression of cellular immunity]. PMID- 7294445 TI - [Microembolization of the lesser circulation during hemodialysis]. PMID- 7294446 TI - [Use of counterpulsation in combined intensive therapy and resuscitation during the transport of patients with complicated forms of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7294447 TI - [Simple method of preventing pollution of the air in operating rooms]. PMID- 7294448 TI - [Intubation tube]. PMID- 7294449 TI - [Clinical death in thyroid crisis with successful resuscitation]. PMID- 7294451 TI - The perioesophageal nephrocytes of some ischnoceran Mallophaga (Phthiraptera). PMID- 7294450 TI - [Case of successful intensive therapy of severe postoperative complications in a patient following carotid artery resection]. PMID- 7294452 TI - [Parasites in sea and fresh water fishes]. AB - A total of 429 individuals of three fish families: Clupeidae, Cyprinidae and Percidae were subjected to parasitological investigation. All fishes were from retail shops were they had been kept frozen. The parasites found belong to the groups Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Hirudinae and Crustacea. Almost all endoparasites were localized in the intestines, the ectoparasites on the gills or on the skin. The fishes investigated were slightly infected, but suitable for consumption. The majority of different species of parasites was found in fishes that shoal, which is quite concordant with "Janiszewska's rule". PMID- 7294453 TI - [Viability of chicken Mallophaga following loss of their host]. AB - Eomenacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, and Goniocoles gallinae were found to have a different locomotive ability after losing contact with their host. Speed and character of the locomotion depend on vitality, leg anatomy, locomotive mechanism, and external factors, e.g. roughness of the substrate. Viability and mortality of the three Mallophaga species were investigated on such substrates as are normally found in poultry houses. The results suggest an active infectiosity of Eomenacanthus stramineus amd a passive one of Menopon gallinae and Goniocotes gallinea among hosts. PMID- 7294454 TI - [Diptera in the mammalian section of the zoological gardens with reference to the medical aspects of infection]. AB - Research in buildings and enclosures of zoological gardens where mammals are accomodated have yielded 159 species of Diptera belonging to 18 families. Among the Diptera species found were all those represented in farming stable buildings as well as species that may be vectors of zoo animal diseases. The Diptera are of potential hygienic significance, which is dealt with in detail. The number of species represented in an area and the density of species depend on the conditions of their development within the zoological gardens and on the quantity of Diptera coming from the surrounding area. The biotopes in which indigenous zoo Diptera develop are described in detail. The occurrence of the species and their density in the stable buildings of the mammals depend on the position and arrangement of the stables and enclosures, on the hygienic conditions and also on the food. The density of Diptera and the possible health risks for the zoo animals can be reduced by creating hygienic conditions and by observing the control measures mentioned in the paper. PMID- 7294455 TI - Implantable transducers and systems: closed-loop physiological control. Introduction. PMID- 7294456 TI - Application of robotics to prosthetic control. PMID- 7294457 TI - Controlled prehension and release in the C5 quadriplegic elicited by functional electrical stimulation of the paralyzed forearm musculature. PMID- 7294458 TI - The control of tension and shortening in cardiac and skeletal muscle. PMID- 7294459 TI - Computer control of the infusion of vasoactive drugs. PMID- 7294460 TI - The principle of electrical carotid sinus nerve stimulation: a nerve pacemaker system for angina pectoris and hypertension therapy. PMID- 7294461 TI - Overview of renal assist systems. PMID- 7294462 TI - Chronic intracranial pressure monitoring by telemetry: clinical experience. PMID- 7294463 TI - Closed-loop control of intracranial pressure. PMID- 7294464 TI - Light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, and histomorphometric evaluation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced airsacculitis in chickens. PMID- 7294465 TI - Spontaneous cardiomyopathy: histopathologic and ultrastructural alterations of turkey heart tissue. AB - Twelve turkeys poults, 4 to 5 weeks of age, were selected from a farm chosen for the study of spontaneous cardiomyopathy (SC) because of repeated outbreaks in successive flocks. An augmented myocardial mass accompanied the characteristic gross features of cardiomegaly and biventricular dilatation in SC-affected birds. Histologic alterations in myocardium were attributed to artifacts, resulting from unopposed cardiac muscle contraction prior to formalin fixation; specific pathologic lesions were not detected. Ultrastructural artifacts were minimized by perfusion fixation. Salient ultrastructural changes were mild when compared with the changes in the myocardium of nonaffected poults and consisted mainly of Z band abnormalities. Virus-like particles were identified within sarcoplasmic reticulum of 2 SC-affected birds. The pathogenesis of SC, including acquired and inherited etiologic factors, is discussed. PMID- 7294466 TI - Inheritance of cambendazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus. AB - Fourth-molt larvae (M4) of cambendazole-resistant (CBZ-R) and cambendazole susceptible (BPL) strains of Haemonchus contortus were recovered from donor lambs and inoculated orally into source lambs to effect mating in 2nd lamb. Eggs produced by these parasitic matings were collected, cultured, and inoculated into lambs to compare the anthelmintic activity of cambendazole (CBZ), given at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg, against the F1 adults with its activity against the 2 parenteral strains (CBZ-R and PBL). In 2 replications, CBZ was 94% and 99% efficacious against the progeny of the cross matings and 91% and 95% against the BPL strain; CBZ was only 39% and 42% efficacious against the CBZ-R strain. In 1 test of F2 progeny of the reciprocal matings, CBZ was 81.2% efficacious against the F2 adults, whereas CBZ was 97.5% efficacious against the BPL strain and 37% against the CBZ-R strain. The results indicated that heredity of resistance to CBZ in H contortus is not sex-linked and is probably a result of a heterozygous recessive allele. The infective larvae of the CBZ-R groups in these 3 trials were from the 20th and 24th passages through lambs without exposure to any anthelmintics, yet the anthelmintic activity of CBZ ranged from 37% to 42%, indicating that there had been no reversion to susceptibility. PMID- 7294467 TI - Brain cholinesterases activity in healthy cattle, swine, and sheep and in cattle and sheep exposed to cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides. AB - Cholinesterase activity of the cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum was measured in cattle, swine, and sheep. Mean activities of the individual brain parts were expressed as micromoles of acetylthiocholine iodide hydrolyzed per minute per gram of brain. Cerebrum values were 3.01, 3.88, and 3.32; brain stem values were 3.42, 4.48, and 3.93; and cerebellum values were 2.36, 2.89, and 6.77 for cattle, swine, and sheep, respectively. The average activity of the 3 brain portions from cattle, swine, and sheep was 2.93, 3.75, and 4.67, respectively. Cholinesterase activity was stable for several days at 25 C and under refrigeration or freezing conditions for longer periods. Cattle and sheep poisoned with organophosphate or carbamate insecticides had cholinesterase depression ranging from near 50% to 80%. PMID- 7294468 TI - Histopathologic response of the bovine mammary gland to experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus infection. AB - At 2 and 10 days after Staphylococcus aureus mastitis was induced in dairy cattle, mammary tissue from 2 zones in infected quarters was morphometrically compared with similar zones in contralateral control quarters. In comparison with control tissue, infected tissue exhibited more interalveolar stromal area, reduced alveolar luminal area, and more damaged and involuted alveolar epithelial area. These changes appeared more advanced at 10 days than at 2 days after infection was induced, indicating that by day 10, glandular parenchyma was losing secretory potential. Quarter zones differed greatly in the responses to infection. Parenchyma taken from a zone of an infected quarter close to the glandular part of the lactiferous sinus appeared to undergo involution more rapidly than a zone further from the sinus. Involuted parenchyma displayed reduced secretory activity, diminished luminal areas, and abundant connective tissue. A portion of nonsecretory epithelia taken from involuted areas of a zone close to the glandular part of the sinus stained for presence of immunoglobulin A. PMID- 7294470 TI - Total and differential somatic cell counts in secretions from noninfected bovine mammary glands: the early nonlactating period. AB - Total somatic cells in secretions of nonlactating bovine mammary glands remained less than 5 x 10(5) cells/ml for the first 3 days after the last milking. Macrophages predominated the 1st day, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils were most common during the 2nd and 3rd day. The total somatic cell count was highest about 10 days after lactation ceased, and counts of 2 to 3 x 10(6) cells/ml were common. Equal numbers of macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils were observed. Total cell populations gradually decreased during the period from 10 to 25 days of the nonlactating period. PMID- 7294469 TI - Effect of acetate or chloride anions on intestinal absorption of water and solutes in the calf. AB - The influence of acetate, compared with chloride, included in glucose-glycine sodium formulation was investigated in anesthetized calves, using isolated segments of jejunum or ileum filled with one of the formulations. Maximal absorption of water was observed in the jejunum; this absorption was markedly higher with acetate formulations. The absorption of sodium was highest in the jejunum with the acetate formulation. With the acetate formulation, sodium absorption was still substantial in the ileum, but sodium absorption was maximal with the chloride formulation. Acetate was readily absorbed in the small intestine, particularly in the jejunum, whereas chloride was essentially absorbed in the ileum. With acetate formulations, there was a concomitant secretion of chloride and bicarbonate. These results indicate that acetate favors very efficiently the absorption of water and sodium in the jejunum. In addition, acetate has other interesting properties, such as alkalinizing effects after metabolization. PMID- 7294471 TI - Total and differential somatic cell counts in secretions from noninfected bovine mammary glands: the peripartum period. AB - In 3 cows, mean total somatic cell counts in mammary gland secretions were greater than 1 x 10(6)/ml from 25 days before parturition until parturition. Cell population decreased rapidly after parturition, and 10 days after parturition, all counts in foremilk were less than 1 x 10(5)/ml. Macrophages and lymphocytes in equal numbers were present in secretions before parturition. Starting approximately 5 days before parturition, lymphocytes decreased so thay they were absent at parturition. Nearly all cells in secretions after parturition were macrophages. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were in low numbers or absent from all secretions. PMID- 7294472 TI - Evidence for suppression or incomplete maturation of cell-mediated immunity in neonatal calves as determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. AB - Fifteen bovine fetuses were inoculated in utero 20 to 123 days before birth with a mixture of killed Mycobacterium bovis, tetanus toxoid, and ferritin in Freund's complete adjuvant. On the day of birth (day 0) and when the calves were 21 days of age, the calves were skin-tested to each of the antigens for delayed-type hypersensitivity. Nine delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the various antigens were obtained at the 0-day test, whereas 28 responses were obtained at the 21-day test. Of those responses that were positive, the mean differences in the double skin-fold thickness before testing and 48 hours later were 5.4 mm for the 0-day and 21-day test and 9.4 mm for the 21-day test. Six control calves that were not inoculated in utero were skin tested on days 0 and 21 and did not exhibit any positive reactions. There was no indication that the interval between immunization and birth had any effect on the immune response. Cellular characteristics of the reactions at 0 and 21 days were the same. PMID- 7294473 TI - Adverse cardiovascular effects of oxytetracycline preparations and vehicles in intact awake calves. AB - Comparisons were made of cardiovascular effects in intact, awake, previously instrumented calves given the following oxytetracycline (OXY) preparations and components: polyvinylpyrrolidine vehicle (PVP), OXY HCl in PVP (OXY-PVP), OXY HCl (USP) in saline solution, propylene glycol, 77.8% (PG), propylene glycol vehicle (PGV), and OXY HCl in PGV (OXY-PGV). The 3 preparations containing PG caused significant increases in pulmonary arterial pressures and significant decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume. Aortic pressures were significantly decreased, as were heart rates. Both pulmonic and systemic resistances were significantly increased. There were no direct effects measured on left ventricular contractility. The aqueous OXY caused no significant changes. The PVP preparation and vehicle caused no changes in pulmonary pressures, pulmonary resistance, cardiac output, or stroke volume. Significant increases were observed in aortic pressure, heart rate, and systemic resistance. Left ventricular contractility was not changed. Seemingly, the PG-induced changes were a result of histamine release which did not appear to be dependent on prior sensitization of the calves. PMID- 7294474 TI - Cytotoxic effects of Pasteurella haemolytica on bovine neutrophils. AB - The interaction of logarithmic- and stationary-phase organisms of Pasteurella haemolytica with bovine neutrophils was evaluated by an opsonocytophagic assay. Only 5% to 8% of the logarithmic-phase P haemolytica 12296 organisms opsonized with normal bovine serum or antiserum were phagocytized. Results from cytotoxicity assays, using the 51Cr-release technique and the trypan blue exclusion test, indicated that the logarithmic-phase organisms liberated a soluble material that was cytotoxic to neutrophils and destroyed their phagocytic capabilities. This hypothesis was verified by transmission electron microscopy studies. Opsonized stationary-phase organisms were completely phagocytized and degraded when exposed to neutrophils at a bacteria/neutrophil ratio of 10:1. However, at a high bacteria/neutrophil ratio of 100:1, only 31% of the bacteria were phagocytized. Prolonged incubation of this mixture resulted in cytotoxic changes in the neutrophils. Seemingly, excess unphagocytized bacteria liberated a soluble substance that was toxic to neutrophils. These findings were confirmed by cytotoxicity assays and transmission electron microscopy studies. PMID- 7294475 TI - Development of a chemically altered Pasteurella multocida vaccinal strain. PMID- 7294476 TI - Diarrhea in lambs experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium isolated from calves. AB - Two to 5 days after oral inoculation with Cryptosporidium obtained from infected calves, 7 newborn specific-pathogen-free lambs became depressed and anorectic and developed diarrhea. Four moribund lambs were killed within 3 days after onset of illness, and the 3 other lambs died after protracted intermittent diarrhea and reduced milk intake, which lasted up to 14 days. The small and large intestines were heavily infected with Cryptosporidium, with the terminal portion of the ileum being the most severely affected. Histologic examination revealed villous atrophy, with considerable fusion and epithelial cross-bridging between villi. Lambs infected at 5 to 20 days of age had less severe clinical signs of disease, with intermittent diarrhea, reduced milk intake, and growth retardation. Lambs infected at 30 days of age became infected with the organism, but did not develop clinical signs of disease or growth retardation. PMID- 7294477 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a single, orally administered dose of digoxin in horses. AB - Digoxin (elixir, 0.022 mg/kg) was administered via stomach tube to healthy horses of mixed breeding and sexes. Serum digoxin concentrations reached a peak (2.21 +/ 0.6 ng/ml) at approximately 1 hour after dosing and had a half-life of 28.8 +/- 10.7 hours. Digoxin kinetics followed a triexponential curve, indicating that at least a 2 compartmental model is required to characterize the serum concentration time curve after this route of administration. It was calculated that to achieve average serum concentrations of 1.1 ng/ml, an oral dose of 17.4 microgram of digoxin elixir/kg/day and an IV dose of 6.1 microgram of parenteral preparation/kg/day would be required. There was no significant (P greater than 0.05) alteration in base-line serum calcium, potassium, and sodium concentrations and heart rate, P-R interval, and mean arterial blood pressure. PMID- 7294480 TI - Gross and microscopic lesions of middle and inner ear infections in swine. AB - In all infected middle ears from 36 swine, there was purulent material in the tympanic cavity and tympanic bulla. Frequently, there were lysis of the tympanic membrane and ossicles and purulent material in the external ear canal. Sometimes, there were desquamation of the stratified squamous epithelium lining the tympanic cavity, and osteolysis of the underlying osseous wall with subsequent fibrosis. In those swine with inner ear infections, there were infiltration of neutrophils and fibrin in the cochlea and vestibule. The predominant isolation from the infected middle ears was non-groupable beta-hemolytic streptococci, although isolations of streptococcic groups C, E, and G, Pasteurella multocida, and Corynebacterium pyogenes were made. PMID- 7294478 TI - Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in neonatal foals and mature horses. AB - Serum thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3) concentrations were assayed in neonatal foals (1.5 to 4 months) and mature horses (2 to 25 years old) by a modified radioimmunoassay procedure. Blood was collected from 52 clinically healthy foals and horses of various breeds (Thoroughbreds, Quarter Horses, American Saddle Horses, and a single cross-bred horse). Neonatal foals had high serum concentrations of T-4 (mean, 4.02 microgram/dl) and T-3 (192.9 ng/dl) as compared with the values in mature horses (T-4, mean of 1.76 microgram/dl; T-3, mean of 98.69 ng/dl). Stallions had slightly higher T-3; there were no differences between breeds and sexes for serum concentrations of T-4. High serum T-4 and T-3 concentrations in neonatal foals appear to have significant roles in the normal nervous and muscular function and growth in neonatal foals, since hypothyroidism in equine neonates has been reported to show signs similar to those of prematurity in persons, such as neuromuscular incompetence and musculoskeletal dystrophy. Determination of T-4 and T-3 in neonatal foals can be a meaningful screen test for hypothyroidism. PMID- 7294479 TI - Possible factors influencing the immunoglobulin M concentration in swine colostrum. AB - The immunoglobulin (Ig) M concentration in swine colostrum was determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method, using 157 samples collected from the same number of farm-raised sows in Yamaguchi Prefecture of Japan during 1976 and 1977. The mean IgM value was 4.16 +/- 1.11 mg/ml, and the maximum and minimum values were 7.74 mg/ml and 1.50 mg/ml, respectively. To elucidate the possible factors influencing the IgM concentration in swine colostrum, the following 12 items were surveyed in the present study: season, district, breed, age, udder section (mamma) from which colostral samples were collected, kind of feed, 4 vaccinations (swine erysipelas live-organism vaccine, hog cholera live-virus vaccine, Japanese encephalitis live-virus vaccine, and transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine), type of farming, and number of sows raised on a farm. Relationships between the IgM concentration in swine colostrum and each item were analyzed. Of the 12 items, 3 items--season, breed, and vaccination of swine erysipelas live organism vaccine--were the most influential on the IgM concentration in colostra of farm-raised sows. Five items--district, age, kind of feed, vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis live-virus vaccine, and number of sows raised on a farm--were moderately influential. The remaining items--udder section, vaccinations with hog cholera live-virus vaccine and Japanese encephalitis live virus vaccine, and type of farming--were poorly influential. The multiple correlation coefficient obtained here was 0.5605 (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 7294481 TI - Analysis of postmortem canine blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor. PMID- 7294482 TI - Electrocardiographic values for anesthetized cats in lateral and sternal recumbencies. PMID- 7294483 TI - Computer-based animal record system in a nonhuman primate colony. AB - A relatively inexpensive microcomputer system was developed to store and manipulate clinical and pathologic data from a large colony of nonhuman primates. The programming for the system was designed so that the computer instructs users, who may have no knowledge of programming, how to enter data of all kinds and how to to command it to answer any ad hoc queries about the data. Minimum input from a professional programmer is required. As many as 4 investigators may use the system simultaneously by means of satellite terminals located in several areas throughout the facility. Most alphabetic data are coded, using 2- or 3-digit codes. More complex diagnostic data are coded, using the numeric codes of the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine. presently, 17 record types encompasses all data entered into the computer. The system is functionally designed and about 50% operational at this time. This is the first description of an animal medical data system designed to exploit the lower costs and increased power of commercially available microcomputer packages. PMID- 7294484 TI - Variations of plasma enzymes in the pony and the dog after carbon tetrachloride administration. PMID- 7294485 TI - The future of clinical assessment. PMID- 7294487 TI - Testing: concepts, policy, practice, and research. PMID- 7294486 TI - The variance accounted for in meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcomes--a reply to Willson. PMID- 7294488 TI - Reductionism in the psychology of the eighties. Can biochemistry eliminate addiction, mental illness, and pain? PMID- 7294489 TI - Research and the Freedom of Information Act. PMID- 7294490 TI - An asocial psychology and a misdirected clinical psychology. PMID- 7294492 TI - A forecast of the future for the mental health profession. PMID- 7294491 TI - Social scientists and decision makers look at the usefulness of mental health research. PMID- 7294493 TI - An integrative perspective on children's divorce adjustment. PMID- 7294494 TI - Jean Piaget (1896-1980). PMID- 7294495 TI - Material risks and informed consent to psychotherapy. PMID- 7294496 TI - Cellular diversity in the blood-forming system. PMID- 7294497 TI - Cardiovascular and behavioral effects of community noise. PMID- 7294498 TI - The evolutionary development of vertebrate thermoregulation. PMID- 7294499 TI - Respiratory survey findings as predictors of disability from respiratory diseases. AB - Male employees of 2 East Coast telephone companies who participated in standardized respiratory surveys from 1961 to 1969 were followed to ascertain days of disability resulting from respiratory illnesses that lasted for more than a week. Subjects for this study were 1,386 white males between the ages of 40 and 65 yr who had had no disabling chest illnesses in the 3-yr period prior to examination. Several survey findings were predictive of subsequent days lost from work. Listed in order of importance, these were diminished forced expiratory volume, a history of ever having had asthma, marked shortness of breath, chronic cough and phlegm, and chronic wheeze. A history of ever having had hay fever was associated with a diminished risk of lost time because of respiratory illness. PMID- 7294500 TI - The effect of mechanical vibration physiotherapy on arterial oxygenation in acutely ill patients with atelectasis or pneumonia. AB - The effect of mechanical chest vibration on arterial blood gases was studied in 10 patients requiring oxygen therapy who had acute lung disease and an abnormal chest roentgenogram. Eight patients were using mechanical ventilators. For the duration of the study, patients were seated or in a high semi-Fowlers position. No other pharmacologic or physical therapy was given during the study period, nor was there any change in the fraction of inspired oxygen or the respirator settings. The patients ranged from 23 to 89 yr of age. After control blood gas measurements were taken, each patient received 30 min of mechanical vibration to the thorax followed immediately by tracheal suction. Blood gases were re-examined 30 min and 1 h after completion of the physiotherapy. Results showed a significant increase in PO2 at 30 min and 1 h after completion of mechanical chest vibration with no change in PCO2 or pH. This study demonstrated that external mechanical vibration of the chest is a useful therapeutic modality in the management of hypoxemia in patients with atelectasis or pneumonia. This was reflected by the increase in PO2 with no change in alveolar ventilation. We presume the better matching of ventilation to perfusion accounted for our results. PMID- 7294501 TI - Effects of aging on ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. AB - Studies were performed to examine the decrease in ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the elderly and to explore its etiology. For this purpose, matched groups of normal elderly (65 to 79 yr of age) and young subjects were used. Standard pulmonary function tests were supplemented in both groups by determination of total respiratory compliance and the ventilatory responses to hyperoxic hypercapnia and isocapnic hypoxia using rebreathing methods. While testing the ventilatory responses, we recorded minute ventilation and its components, as well as mouth occlusion pressures, and rib cage and abdominal diaphragmatic compartmental ventilation (magnetometry). We found that ventilatory responses to both hypercapnia and hypoxia were reduced in the elderly by approximately 50%. These reductions were not related to any change in control of respiratory timing, but to a large reduction in mean inspiratory airflow. The reduced airflow could not be attributed to alterations in pulmonary mechanics since the differences in mechanics between the groups were small. Instead, since the occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were reduced in the elderly proportionately to the ventilatory responses, reduction in neuromuscular inspiratory output was likely to be the major factor. PMID- 7294502 TI - Inspiratory flow and intrapulmonary gas distribution. AB - The effect of flow of inspired gas on intrapulmonary gas distribution was examined by analysis of regional pulmonary 133Xe clearances and of total pulmonary 133Xe clearance measured at the mouth after equilibration of the lungs with 133Xe. Five awake healthy volunteers (24 to 40 yr of age) and another 5 healthy, anesthetized-paralyzed volunteers (26 to 28 yr of age) were studied while they were in the right lateral decubitus position. The awake subjects were studied at 3 inspiratory flows (0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 L/s) and the anesthetized paralyzed subjects at 4 inspiratory flows (0.2, 0.5, 1.1, and 1.6 L/s). Interregional differences in 133Xe clearances along the vertical axis were significantly less during anesthesia-paralysis and mechanical ventilation than during spontaneous breathing in the awake state. No differences in the regional or total pulmonary 133Xe clearances were detected at these different flows in either of the two states, i.e., the difference between the awake and anesthetized paralyzed states persisted. PMID- 7294503 TI - Radioimmunoassay: a sensitive screening test for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. AB - Currently available serologic tests for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis have limited sensitivity. In order to develop a more sensitive screening test, the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was adapted to detect circulating antibodies to Histoplasma mycelial, Histoplasma yeast, and Blastomyces yeast antigens. Results were compared with those of complement fixation (CF) using serums from 4 groups of subjects. Group 1 (n = 104) consisted of consecutive healthy blood donors from an endemic area. Group 2 (n = 8) had active histoplasmosis and Group 3 (n = 12) had active blastomycosis. Group 4 (n = 30) had other chronic lung diseases. Among Group 1 subjects, elevated titers to at least 1 antigen were found in 13% using RIA and 21% using CF. Only 50% of patients with active mycoses (Groups 2 and 3) had elevated CF titers to a homologous antigen, whereas the RIA test was positive in 19 of 20 patients (95%). Elevated titers to 1 or more antigens was found in Groups 1 and 4, and frequent cross-reactions among the antigens occurred with both tests, indicating low specificities for both RIA and CF. The RIA is a sensitive and rapid screening test for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, and a negative RIA using the 3 antigens tested makes the diagnosis of active infection very unlikely in immunologically competent patients. PMID- 7294506 TI - A comparison of coccidioidin and spherulin skin testing in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 7294505 TI - Increased pulmonary vascular permeability as a cause of re-expansion edema in rabbits. AB - In order to study the mechanism(s) underlying re-expansion edema, we measured the concentration of labeled albumin (RISA) in the extravascular, extracellular water (EVECW) of the lung as a measure of pulmonary vascular permeability. Re-expansion edema was first induced by rapid re-expansion of rabbit lungs that had been collapsed for 1 wk by pneumothorax. The RISA in EVECW was expressed as a fraction of its plasma concentration: (RISA)L/(RISA)PL. The volume of EVECW (ml/gm dry lung) was measured using a 24Na indicator. Results in re-expansion edema were compared with normal control lungs and with oleic acid edema as a model of permeability edema. In re-expanded lungs, EVECW (3.41 +/- SD 1.24 ml/g) and (RISA)L/(RISA)PL 0.84 +/- SD 0.15) were significantly increased when compared with normal control lungs (2.25 +/- 0.41 ml/g and 0.51 +/- 0.20, respectively). Results in oleic acid edema (5.66 +/- 2.23 ml/g and 0.84 +/- 0.23) were similar to re-expansion edema. This suggested that re-expansion edema is due to increased pulmonary vascular permeability caused by mechanical stresses applied to the lung during re-expansion. PMID- 7294507 TI - Regulation of ventilation in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. AB - The recent recognition of the sleep apnea syndrome has forced a re-evaluation of the mechanism of hypercapnia and disordered respiratory control in obese patients. Thirteen obese patients with sleep apnea were studied in an attempt to relate the pattern of sleep abnormality and awake ventilatory control to the presence of chronic hypercapnia. Patients with hypercapnia and/or hypoxemia had reduced ventilatory responses to hypercapnic and hypoxic stimulation, respectively. The presence of hypercapnia, however, did not separate the patients with respect to type, duration, or frequency of apneas. The degree of awake chemical drives could not be related to the severity of the sleep apnea phenomenon. However, patients with intact ventilatory control demonstrated augmented ventilation after apneas, which may explain their eucapnic state. PMID- 7294504 TI - Differential effects of platelet depletion on the physiologic alterations of IgE anaphylaxis and acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine infusion in the rabbit. AB - Intravenously administered acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) induced all of the respiratory and circulatory alterations observed during IgE anaphylaxis in the rabbit. Prior platelet depletion, however, had differential effects on these two physiologic responses. The AGEPC-induced increase in total pulmonary resistance and decrease in dynamic compliance were abrogated by prior platelet depletion, whereas these lung mechanical changes occurring as part of an IgE anaphylactic response after intravenous antigen challenge were unaffected by platelet depletion. The apneic episode observed in both the AGEPC and antigen induced response was unaffected by platelet depletion, and the brief period of rapid shallow breathing of the AGEPC response was diminished to that characteristically seen in the anaphylactic response of both platelet-intact and platelet-depleted rabbits. Prior platelet depletion had little effect on right ventricular hypertension, bradycardia, and systemic hypotension of either the AGEPC or the anaphylactic responses. Thus, AGEPC induced lung mechanical alterations via platelet-dependent mechanisms and ventilatory and circulatory alterations by mechanisms largely independent of circulating platelets. These findings were consistent with the possibility that AGEPC released into the blood stream during IgE anaphylaxis may mediate the circulatory and ventilatory alterations but not the lung mechanical alterations of the anaphylactic response. PMID- 7294508 TI - Measurements of nasal transepithelial electric potential differences in normal human subjects in vivo. AB - Nasal transepithelial electrical potential difference (PD) was estimated in vivo in normal human subjects. The PD between a bridge perfused with Ringer's solution placed on the nasal mucosal surface and a reference electrode in a subcutaneous space was recorded. The magnitude of the PD depended upon the region of the nasal cavity touched by the exploring bridge. The PD values ranged from -4 mV (lumen negative) on the anterior tip of the inferior turbinate to approximately -30 mV on the inferior surface of the turbinate. Biopsies of the anterior turbinate were characterized by squamous epithelial cells, whereas ciliated cells dominated the epithelium from regions of higher PD. Epithelial abrasion abolished PD. No differences in PD were noted between the left and right nasal cavities, and repetitive measurements of PD at the same site yielded comparable values. No differences in nasal PD were noted between young male or female subjects but PD declined as a function of age. Amiloride (10(-4)M) and lidocaine (10(-1)M) reduced PD (-59% and -30%, respectively), whereas amphotericin B (5 X 10(-5)M) raised PD (+29%). We concluded that nasal PD can be accurately measured in vivo in humans, and that measurements of nasal bioelectric properties may serve as a relatively noninvasive index of respiratory epithelial function. PMID- 7294509 TI - Two cases of rhinocerebral zygomycosis (mucormycosis) with common epidemiologic and environmental features. PMID- 7294510 TI - Severe pulmonary involvement in mixed connective tissue disease. AB - Pulmonary involvement in mixed connective tissue disease has been considered a benign manifestation that is easily treated with corticosteroids. We followed 5 patients who had mixed connective tissue disease and severe, rapidly progressive, lung disease. Two types of lung disease were found, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. Histologic sections from our patients were compared with sections from patients who had interstitial lung disease and systemic lupus erythematosus or pulmonary hypertension and scleroderma. Although clinical presentations were similar, the immunofluorescent and electron microscopic findings for interstitial lung disease were somewhat different in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Histologic findings for pulmonary hypertension appeared different in patients with mixed connective tissue disease and patients with scleroderma. For patients with either type of lung disease, corticosteroid therapy proved inadequate, but nearly cytotoxic therapy may be beneficial. PMID- 7294511 TI - Theophylline toxicity after dyphylline therapy. PMID- 7294512 TI - Reproducibility of multibreath nitrogen washout measurements. PMID- 7294513 TI - Constancy of functional residual capacity in the supine position during hypoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia. PMID- 7294514 TI - Comparison of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia. PMID- 7294515 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions to ethylenediamine in aminophylline. PMID- 7294516 TI - Exercise increases sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. PMID- 7294517 TI - Effects of United States presidential elections on suicide and other causes of death. PMID- 7294518 TI - Social class and emotional distress:. PMID- 7294519 TI - [Neonatal mechanical ventilation. Experience in 259 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Results obtained in a group of 295 newborn infants who where mechanically ventilated are exposed. Special emphasis is laid on the 104 patients with IRDS. This disease represented the 40% of all causes of respiratory insufficiency leading to mechanical ventilation, and 60% of all the primary respiratory causes. The overall mortality rate of ventilated patients was 77%, decreasing from a high 86% to 69% in the period studied. In patients ventilated because of IRDS, mortality decreased from 86% in 1974 to 55.8% in 1978. That of all patients with IRDS decreased likewise from 57% to 30%. Current concepts in neonatal mechanical ventilation are reviewed. PMID- 7294520 TI - [Total and specific IgE determination in children allergy. A comparison with the skin tests (author's transl)]. AB - Authors have carried out 478 IgE determinations by radioimmunoassay on children under 14. 78 determinations on healthy children were used to obtain normal IgE values according to age. The remaining determinations referred to 400 children, who came to the Allergy Department. In 120 cases IgE values above 100 U/ml were obtained. In 97 cases a skin test and a specific IgE determination (RAST) carried out compared to 11 allergens. Authors compared the results in order to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of both tests. The RAST specificity was higher than the skin test. The predictive value of the positive RAST was 0.96. Because of its easy accomplishment, innocuity, high specificity and high predictive value, the total and specific IgE determination turns out to be very useful in the diagnosis of children allergy. PMID- 7294521 TI - [Alterations of skull development in shunt-treated hydrocephalus. Analysis of pathogenic factors (author's transl)]. AB - Skull roentgenograms of 184 children with hydrocephalus treated with shunts were revised. Radiological abnormalities of the skull related to CSF drainage were found in 49,5% of cases. Presence of X-ray abnormalities was correlated with the age of patients at operation, sex, etiology of hydrocephalus, type of shunt device, head circumference at operation and follow-up. Results were submitted to statistical analysis. In this study it is clearly demonstrated that age and head circumference before operation have a strong influence in the pathogenesis of this picture. PMID- 7294522 TI - [Humoral immune response after splenic experimental autotransplantation in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - Primary and secondary humoral immune responses were studied in a group of 40 dogs after splenectomy and two types of splenic autotransplantation. The results enable the authors to conclude that splenectomy alone induces a depletion of immunoglobulins which is statistically significant. On the other hand, both types of autotransplantation made possible the maintenance of normal levels of anti-BSA antibodies. When autotransplantation was performed in the abdominal rectus muscle there was an enhancement of the primary immune response. The authors advise this procedure in all splenectomies for trauma in the first five years of life. PMID- 7294523 TI - [9p trisomy syndrome. Two new cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of trisomy 9p, are reported affecting different break points involving chromosome 9; one of them showed skeletal abnormalities of importance. An analysis of the two cases reported is done and some of the last hypothesis in order to determine genetical and clinical correlations of the syndrome are considered. PMID- 7294524 TI - [Complete laryngotracheoesophageal cleft. Report of a new case and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - A new case of complete laryngotracheoesophageal cleft with transposition of great arteries, dolicoureters, biliary atresia and mucoviscidosis which presented a severe respiratory distress since birth is reported. The 12 cases published in the literature are reviewed and a scheme for management of this anomaly is presented. PMID- 7294525 TI - [Primary cerebral neuroblastoma]. PMID- 7294526 TI - [Ventricular septal defect: Prognosis of spontaneous closure (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 150 cases of isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD), the authors have found 25 cases (16%) of spontaneous closure over an average period of observation of 20 months. The closure was observed in 32% of the cases before 6 months and in 60% before 12 months, with a range between 1 month and 8 years. The number of out patient with was 7 per case on average. A large group of parameters was taken into account in every case; from some of them, indicators of prognosis of closure were obtained, among them: early appearance of the murmur, descending shape, muscular character of the VSD, absence of symptoms and diastolic rumble, presence of ejection clic and normality in ECG and XRay. PMID- 7294527 TI - [Computed tomography in early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis complications (author's transl)]. AB - Computed tomography (C. T.) in tuberculous meningitis has revealed a spectrum of findings (cerebral necrosis, subdural hydroma or hematoma, ventricular volume, enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces, tuberculomata, ischemic infarct, position of catheter in the ventricles). C. T. is a method of value in determining location and extent of lesions, degree of hydrocephalus and helpful in evaluating effectiveness of antituberculous therapy. Findings in ten patients are reported. PMID- 7294528 TI - [Coma states induced by craniocerebral injuries in children. Review of 20 cases]. AB - From a total of three-hundred and fifty-six children admitted into the Department of Pediatrics at the Hospital Clinico of the University of Granada during of period of two years, twenty cases that needed admittance in critical pediatrics care unit are revised. Organic etiology that provoked coma, time of appearance, intensity, evolution, complications and short term outcome are analysed. A comparison is made of the incidences and prognosis of this type of coma with that of other authors presenting therapeutic outline carried. Two large evolutive groups; one which consisted of nine patients which entered into coma immediately after injury. The second group includes those patients which had lucid period before entering into coma. Following conclusions have been withdrawn: Severity and duration of coma does not have a definite relationship with the existence of a mass-lesion. Presence of an associated--mass-lesion is a sign of grave prognosis. For a good therapeutic response the following approaches are necessary: Immediate assistance monitoring and periodic or systematic maintenance of extracranial variants diagnostic, and treatment of the primary causing factor. PMID- 7294529 TI - [The fetal hydantoin syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The fetal hydantoin syndrome is a variable pattern of altered growth (pre and postnatal), mental deficiency, unusual facies, distal phalangeal hypoplasia, and other defects occurring in some infants exposed in utero to hydantoins. This altered pattern of morphogenesis is distinct from other recognized disorders. It has been reported only in the offspring of women using hydantoins. One case is presented and several aspects of the diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 7294530 TI - [Early neonatal pneumococcal infections (author's transl)]. AB - Five newborn infants with early pneumococcal infection are presented, two of them died. Until 1978 no cases of this infection were found in our Nursery. In the last three years pneumococcal septicemia has been responsible for nine percent of early neonatal infections. The clinical findings are identical to those seen in type-B beta hemolytic infections. The maternal genital tract colonization maight fetal colonization. PMID- 7294531 TI - [Campylobacter gastroenteritis in infants (author's transl)]. AB - Fourteen children with Campylobacter gastroenteritis have been observed during a 4-month period; age ranged from one to 24 months. Clinical and epidemiological aspects and therapy of our patients are compared with previous references. Authors intend to draw attention to this kind of infection, few cases of which have been notified up to 1977, but from this date on, number of published cases is increasing. PMID- 7294532 TI - [Letterer-Siwe in an eighteen-month child (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Letterer-Siwe revealing the clinical variability of this illness is described. A one and a half year old child with osteoporosis and osteolysis of the sphenoid bone at the level of the sella turcica and eczematous lesions in the retroauricular and cranial region is presented. Cortical steroid and orally administered Methotrexate have been used. Progress is good and possibility of radiating the sphenoid bone lesion with a small field not affecting the hypophysis is considered. PMID- 7294533 TI - [Spontaneous gastric perforation in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7294534 TI - [Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema caused by blood transfusion in Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 7294535 TI - [Solitary unilocular hepatic cyst in the newborn infant]. PMID- 7294537 TI - Learning from quantitation. AB - An important question in the effective use of quantitation in cytology is how to make the link between mathematical parameters and the cytologist. As an example, an investigation is discussed in which cell images from benign mesothelial proliferations were distinguished by quantitative characteristics from those of malignant mesotheliomas originating in the pleura and peritoneum. The significant differences between the three groups in nuclear size, cytoplasmic size and nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio could partly be explained by the vacuolation patterns of the exfoliated mesothelial cells in each. Moreover, the primary site of the tumor could be predicted by the quantitative cell parameters. The characteristics of cytologic images, once known to be important, are easily incorporated into standard diagnosis. Thus it now seems possible for the cytologist to differentiate between the three groups by using the cytomorphologic features that relate to the computed parameters. This shows the value of translating computerized parameters into cytomorphologic criteria. PMID- 7294536 TI - [Association of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and dermatitis]. PMID- 7294538 TI - The use of ISPAHAN: interactive system for statistical pattern recognition and analysis. AB - ISPAHAN, the interactive system for statistical pattern recognition and analysis, was developed at the Department of Medical Information at the Free University of Amsterdam. It has been used in many pattern recognition problems, such as white blood cell recognition, typification of wave forms in ECG analysis, segmentation of ECG signals and resonance detection in high-energy particle physics. The structure and capabilities of ISPAHAN are presented along with an example of its use in the field of white blood cell recognition. PMID- 7294539 TI - Segmentation of Papanicolaou smear images. AB - A segmentation method for images from Papanicolaou smears is proposed that will locate the cellular boundary based on the stability of the perimeter of the cell and will locate the nucleus based on the thresholding of a smoothed histogram. It emphasizes the selection of the thresholds for nuclear and cytoplasmic boundary tracking. The problem of touching cells was handled by using texture information in the touching area as well as shape information from the cellular boundary. The proposed method, as applied to 11 scenes containing 19 cells of different classes, worked satisfactorily without any human interactions. PMID- 7294540 TI - Evaluation of single-cell classification schemes for computer classification of cervical cells. AB - Three single-cell classification schemes were evaluated and compared with the performance of a cytotechnologist in classifying single cells from routinely prepared cervical smears. All of the single-cell classification schemes were found to approach the performance of the cytotechnologist in distinguishing normal squamous cells from significantly dysplastic or malignant squamous cells. For distinguishing non-squamous cell types from dysplastic or malignant squamous cells, however, all three schemes fell far short of the cytotechnologist's performance in classifying the same cells. Current research aimed at overcoming these difficulties is also described. PMID- 7294541 TI - Syringing as a method of cell dispersal. II. Effect on abnormal cells. AB - The generation of turbulent shear force using a constant pressure syringing device has been demonstrated to be a simple, effective method for the dispersal of intermediate and superficial squamous cells. This paper reports results of an evaluation of the effects of syringing on the dispersal of abnormal cells. Gynecologic cell samples obtained from preinvasive and invasive lesions were syringed. Overall cell loss, as well as degree of dispersion, was evaluated. Doublet, triplet and larger abnormal cell groupings remained in most syringed aliquots regardless of pressure. Although some cell loss was observed in the majority of cases, the percentage of single abnormal cells was increased in 96% of the syringed aliquots. PMID- 7294542 TI - Bladder cancer diagnosis by image analysis of cells in voided urine using a small computer. PMID- 7294543 TI - Intracardiac electrophysiologic techniques in recurrent syncope of unknown case. AB - Twenty-five patients with recurrent episodes of syncope, unexplained despite thorough medical and neurologic evaluation, underwent intracardiac electrophysiologic study with programmed stimulation. Electrophysiologic study yielded a presumptive diagnosis in 17 patients: nine with rapid ventricular tachycardia by programmed stimulation, three with intra-His conduction delays, one with symptomatic atrial flutter, one with sick sinus syndrome, and three with persistent hypervagotonia manifested as atropine-reversible prolongation of atrioventricular nodal refractoriness. Therapy based on these findings provided complete symptomatic relief in 14 and improvement in one of these 17 patients during a mean follow-up of 18 +/- 10 months. Therapy based on electrophysiologic testing was ineffective in two of the 17 patients. Syncope persisted in four of the eight patients in whom electrophysiologic study did not define a probable arrhythmic mechanism. These observations indicate that full electrophysiologic evaluation with programmed stimulation is useful in the diagnosis and therapy of recurrent unexplained syncope. PMID- 7294544 TI - Infections during intensive chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Records of 133 infections occurring in 73 of 125 patients with late-stage non Hodgkin's lymphoma on intensive chemotherapy programs for a median of 23 months were reviewed. Granulocytopenia, usually related to chemotherapy, was the major predisposing factor, association with 51% of infections. The incidence of infection in chemotherapy courses associated with less than 500 granulocytes/microL was higher than those with 500 or more granulocytes/microL (p = 0.0004). Splenectomized patients tended to have a higher incidence of chemotherapy courses with an infection (p = 0.06); marrow involvement was not a significant predisposing factor to infection. The commonest sites of infection were lung, skin, and alimentary canal. Gram-negative organisms and Staphylococcus aureus caused 83% of documented infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the major cause of pneumonia and bacteremia; and herpes zoster and fungi each caused only 3% of infections. Other infections associated with impaired cellular or humoral immunity were uncommon. Poor prognosis was associated with infections in granulocytopenic patients with stable or falling granulocyte counts, infection at multiple sites, and bacteremia, especially polymicrobial bacteremia. PMID- 7294545 TI - Involuntary weight loss: diagnostic and prognostic significance. AB - We prospectively evaluated 91 patients with involuntary weight loss. Thirty-two (35%) had no identifiable physical cause of weight loss, whereas the remainder had various physical illnesses. During the year after the index visit, 23 (25%) of the patients died and another 14 (15%) deteriorated clinically. Physical causes of weight loss were clinically evident on the initial evaluation in 55 of 59 patients. The four patients in whom the diagnosis was initially missed had cancer, and in only one of these patients was the illness truly occult. Because diagnoses were usually made rapidly in patients with a physical cause of weight loss, we conclude that involuntary weight loss is rarely due to "occult" disease. We developed a decision rule that used six attributes to correctly identify 57 of 59 patients (97%) with a physical cause of weight loss and 23 of 32 patients without. Thus, our rule may help in the early triage of patients with involuntary weight loss. PMID- 7294547 TI - An outbreak of pseudobacteremia caused by Enterobacter cloacae from a phlebotomist's vial of thrombin. AB - In a 15-day period, seven patients in a small hospital each had one blood culture positive for Enterobacter cloacae. None of the seven patients was septic. All seven positive culture specimens had been obtained by phlebotomist A, who also had obtained 13 negative culture specimens in the same period. Seven other phlebotomists had drawn 69 blood samples for culture during the same period; none had yielded any microorganism (p = 0.00001). Vials of thrombin, routinely used to coagulate blood specimens for chemical analysis, had been carried on the phlebotomy trays. We observed that phlebotomist A occasionally spilled drops of the viscous thrombin on her finger during the procedures. Culture of the thrombin on her tray yielded E. cloacae. No further cases of E. cloacae bacteremia occurred after she stopped drawing blood for culture and the thrombin on her tray was removed from use. PMID- 7294546 TI - Alteration of theophylline clearance and half-life by cimetidine in normal volunteers. AB - Interaction between cimetidine and theophylline was studied in six male volunteers, who were randomly divided into two groups to eliminate temporal effects. The effect of cimetidine on theophylline elimination was immediate and progressed as cimetidine treatment was continued. Cimetidine prolonged theophylline half-life compared to that in control periods an average of 36.2% (range, 0 to 103%) on the first day of cimetidine exposure (p less than 0.05). Theophylline clearance was decreased an average of 18.5% (range, 4.9% to 36%), whereas theophylline volume of distribution was unchanged by cimetidine. After 8 days of cimetidine treatment at the usually recommended dosage, theophylline half life further increased to 64.3% (range, 9% to 128%) of control values, whereas clearance declined an average of 30% (range, 5% to 50%) (p less than 0.01). Theophylline volume of distribution remained unchanged. Although cimetidine theophylline interaction needs confirmation in a patient population, we advise caution when these agents are coadministered. Some adjustment in theophylline dosage may be needed in treated patients who are also given cimetidine, and these patients who are also given cimetidine, and these patients should be studied closely with theophylline serum concentration measurements and careful clinical assessments. PMID- 7294548 TI - Allopurinol hepatotoxicity. Report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Allopurinol hepatotoxicity occurred in two patients. Data from the literature suggest that allopurinol can occasionally cause liver injury, particularly in persons receiving diuretic drugs or with compromised renal function. Clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with hepatocellular injury mediated by a hypersensitivity reaction. Most patients recover when the drug is withdrawn; the possible benefits of corticosteroid treatment remain to be established. PMID- 7294549 TI - Adverse hemodynamic effects of phentolamine in primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7294550 TI - Factitious heparin administration. PMID- 7294551 TI - Auscultation of the normally functioning prosthetic valve. AB - Before prosthetic function can be adequately assessed, physicians must be acquainted with the normal acoustic events associated with these devices. The auscultatory findings of the most commonly used devices--ball, disk, porcine, and bileaflet valves--are reviewed. The mechanisms of sound production and their timing are discussed. PMID- 7294553 TI - Cancer in ulcerative colitis: good news and bad news. PMID- 7294552 TI - Life insurance after malignant disease. AB - Forty-five life insurance companies responded to a questionnaire on insurance industry attitudes towards patients with a history of malignancy other than skin carcinoma. Although the criteria for acceptance, provisions of the policy, and philosophy about adjuvant treatment varied, all companies would underwrite such patients provided that at application there was no evidence of persistent or recurrent disease or severe complications of therapy. The concept of excess mortality (observed death rates versus standard expected death rates) is used with other factors in calculating premiums. Legal and ethical responsibilities of physicians associated with insurance applications are briefly discussed. PMID- 7294554 TI - Polysomnography: some difficult questions. PMID- 7294555 TI - Right ventricular unloading: lessons from the left. PMID- 7294557 TI - Modern and traditional medicine: the case of Mali. PMID- 7294556 TI - Canine models for ventricular tachyarrhythmia. PMID- 7294558 TI - Definition of death. PMID- 7294559 TI - Raynaud's phenomenon and cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 7294560 TI - Estrogen receptor activity in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7294561 TI - Therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer. PMID- 7294562 TI - Diabetes control and neuropathy. PMID- 7294563 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and biochemical screening. PMID- 7294564 TI - Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen in chronic type B hepatitis. PMID- 7294565 TI - Isoniazid prophylaxis in new immigrants. PMID- 7294567 TI - Antibiotic tolerance. PMID- 7294566 TI - Megaloblastosis and low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 7294568 TI - Vancomycin and interstitial nephritis. PMID- 7294569 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis and impotence. PMID- 7294570 TI - Chronic erythema nodosum treated with indomethacin. PMID- 7294571 TI - Psyllium and the irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 7294572 TI - Hypertriglyceridemia associated with thrombocytopenia and lipoprotein lipase deficiency. PMID- 7294573 TI - [Ischemic colitis: the "blood diversion" form without vascular obstruction]. PMID- 7294574 TI - [Acute intestinal ischemia caused by carcinoids of the small intestine (clinical case)]. PMID- 7294575 TI - [Thyroid carcinoma. Review of 102 surgically treated cases]. PMID- 7294578 TI - [Vascular prostheses: experimental study of a method using autologous spiralized saphenous vein grafts]. PMID- 7294576 TI - [Problems of the instrumental diagnosis of breast diseases]. PMID- 7294577 TI - [Ligation and catheterization of the hepatic artery in the chemotherapy of primary and secondary hepatic tumors]. PMID- 7294579 TI - [Infrared-ray photocoagulator with timed flow. Experimental study]. PMID- 7294580 TI - [Regulated hepatic resections. Experimental variant of dissection in left hemi hepatectomy in swine]. PMID- 7294581 TI - [Refractory anemia and myelodysplasic syndromes]. PMID- 7294582 TI - [Open heart surgery after the age of 65]. PMID- 7294583 TI - [Follow-up study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis over a period of more than 10 years (1966-1978): analysis of disease progression and treatment in 100 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A follow-up study was conducted in 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients, treated over the last 10 years with currently accepted therapy, after a period varying from 10 to 15 years following the onset of the disease: 20 p. cent were in Steinbrocker's stage I, 60 p. cent in stage II, 16 p. cent in stage III, and 4 p. cent in stage IV. When compared with a similar study conducted between 1948 and 1958, results demonstrated that the percentage of patients in stage I had not varied, but that only half as many patients were disabled (stages III and IV), due to insertion of lower limb surgical prostheses. Corticoid therapy had been necessary in 84 p. cent of the patients for variable periods. The 50 p. cent duration of the different treatments proposed during this 10-year period was 12 months for antimalarial drugs, 8 months for gold salts, and 12 months for D penicillamine. Therapy was still effective after one year in 30 p. cent on antimalarial drugs, 27 p. cent on gold salts, 51 p. cent on D-penicillamine, and 21 p. cent on chlorambucil. Duration of efficacy of basic treatments is too short to cover the long progression of rheumatoid arthritis. New treatments are necessary, as the functional prognosis of this disease has not changed fundamentally over the last 15 years. PMID- 7294587 TI - [Association of retroperitoneal fibrosis with ankylosing spondylitis. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with ankylosing spondylitis is reported. Five similar cases have been reported in the published literature. Certain etiological factors and anatomical locations suggest an analogy between the two affections, with conditions predisposing to fibrous changes, one result of which being the presence of HLA-B27 antigen. PMID- 7294586 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents in children with homozygous sickle cell anemia: report on three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebrovascular accidents occurred in three children with homozygous sickle cell anemia. The first case was that of a young girl with three carotid aneurysms who developed a meningeal hemorrhage. Angiography in the second child, who had had recurrent hemiplegias, showed multiple stenoses of the cerebral arteries, with a moya-moya appearance. The third case was a boy with hemiplegia and signs of a lesion in the sylvian region on computed brain tomography. The outcome was favorable in cases 1 and 3, but there were marked sequelae in the second case. Published reports indicate a different frequency for these accidents in the USA (17 to 26 p. cent) and black Africa (less than 5 p. cent). The mechanism of these accidents is discussed. The presence of multiple aneurysms may be only coincidental, but they could result from the very widespread arterial lesions observed in sickle cell anemia. The moya-moya disease in this case is related to the fibromuscular dysplasia of the cerebral arteries occurring during homozygous sickle cell anemia. It is reported fairly frequently in the published literature and appears to run a more severe course than non-drepanocytic moya-moya cases, with many deaths and marked neurological sequelae. Care is required when conducting cerebral arteriography in order to detect these lesions in cases of homozygous sickle cell anemia, especially when computed brain tomography is not possible or does not supply confirmation. Exchange transfusion can prepare these patients for arteriography by reducing hemoglobins levels to 20 p. cent, and it is apparently also a useful adjuvant during therapy of these accidents. PMID- 7294584 TI - [Cytology of broncho-alveolar lavage samples in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - The cytology of samples from broncho-alveolar lavage was studied in 18 patients with stage I or II sarcoidosis, three of whom were smokers (stage II). Cell content was 213 +/- 111.10(3)/ml with 30.8 +/- 15.7 p. cent of lymphocytes for stage I, and 338 +/- 98.10(3)/ml with 34.1 +/- 8.7 p. cent of lymphocytes for stage II patients who were non smokers. In the three patients in stage II who smoked, cell content was 206 +/- 107.10(3)/ml with 15.3 +/- 9.4 p. cent of lymphocytes. Measuring angiotensin conversion enzyme in 12 cases demonstrated elevated (7 cases) or normal (5 cases) levels unrelated to the radiological stage or the lymphocytosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of characteristic epithelioid granulomas in all cases, in 14 patients after trans-bronchial pulmonary biopsy. In comparison, cell content in 3 cases of extrinsic allergic alveolitis associated with histologically confirmed granulomas was 690 +/- 120.10(3)/ml with 50.3 +/- 10.7 p. cent of lymphocytes, and in 9 cases of different types of intestinal affections was 327 +/- 157.10(3)/ml with 6.33 +/- 7 p. cent of lymphocytes. Constantly elevated lymphocytosis in sarcoidosis constitutes a diagnostic aid; perhaps it can be used during follow-up examinations as a means of assessing progression of the disease. No correlation with the conversion enzyme was noted. PMID- 7294585 TI - [Aspiration pneumopathy after oesophagogastroscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Pneumopathy by inhalation less common and less striking than oesophageal perforation are often badly known, complications in endoscopies. However their serious nature (five death out of six cases in this series) obliges to know the elements favouring: local anaesthesia premedication, an advanced age person and clinical characters. Probably caused by anaerobic germs, a precocious antibiotherapy is likely to improve the prognosis. PMID- 7294588 TI - [Pleuro-pulmonary disease and rigid spine syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - A case of rigid spine syndrome associated with a pleuropulmonary disease is reported. This case is the ninth known rigid spine syndrome but it is the first associated with a diffuse pleural and pulmonary involvement. Clinical examination showed limitation of flexion of the spine since early infancy and limitation of extension of the elbows. Fibrosis probably involved both the lung and the pleura, although microscopic examination showed limitation of flexion of the spine since early infancy and limitation of extension of the elbows. Fibrosis probably involved both the lung and the pleura, although microscopic examination are not available. Severity of respiratory failure is explained by involvement of lungs, pleura and chest wall. Future is explained by involvement of lungs, pleura and chest wall. Future studies of similar case are needed to answer the questions whether or not this association is casual and if lung and muscular involvement are linked. PMID- 7294589 TI - [Pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 7294590 TI - [Transient loss of consciousness in ischaemic cerebral events. A study of 557 ischaemic strokes and transient ischaemic attacks (author's transl)]. AB - A study was done of 31 episodes of transient loss of consciousness occurring at the onset of 557 cerebral ischaemic events selected on the basis of a well known mode of onset, excluding prolonged comas. The following conclusions can be drawn: Transient loss of consciousness is uncommon in ischaemic strokes (6.5 p. cent), occurring twice as often in cardiac emboli (13.2 p. cent) as in a atherothrombotic brain infarction (6.2 p. cent), and more often in carotid (8.4 p. cent) than in vertebro-basilar (5.7 p. cent) territory. The incidence is however similar in both territories (4.6 p. cent and 4.8 p. cent) when epilepsy is excluded. Epilepsy accounts for nearly half (3.8 p. 100) of all losses of consciousness in hemispheric strokes, but was encountered neither in lacunar strokes nor in transient ischaemic attacks (T.I.A.). Transient loss of consciousness is uncommon in basilar TIAs, and extremely rare in lacunar strokes (1.5 p. 100) and in carotid TIAs (0 p. 100). Presumed mechanisms and practical implications are discussed. PMID- 7294591 TI - [A new clinical entity: "the algodystrophic intermittent claudication of the lower limbs syndrome" (author's transl)]. AB - A new clinical entity is proposed by the authors, "the algodystrophic intermittent claudication of the lower limbs syndrome", characterised by diffuse pains in the foot, having neither a constrictive nature, nor a radicular distribution. The pain appears after walking a certain distance, forcing the patient to stop, and reappears when he starts to walk again. Bone isotopic examinations and repeated radiographic investigations should be conducted when confronted with such a clinical syndrome in order to confirm the diagnosis of algodystrophy. In view of the polymorphic nature of this affection, it is not surprising that new clinical aspects can still be described at the present time. PMID- 7294592 TI - [Tendinous hyperlipoproteinaemic xanthomatosis associated with supravalvular aortic xanthomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - A 56-year-old woman with familial heterozygous type II hyperlipoproteinaemia and tendinous xanthomas, presented the unusual findings of acquired supravalvular aortic stenosis associated with a congenital stenosis of the orifice. Analysis of clinical, paraclinical, and particularly pathological data confirmed the existence of several associated lesions: congenital hypoplasia of the aortic ring and proximal aorta, calcified valve stenosis probably increased by the dyslipidaemia, and finally and principally, supravalvular stenosis formed of a veritable circular rim of atheromatous material, making up a second haemodynamic obstacle. It is probable that the pre-existing congenital aortic lesions in this case, apart from the hyperlipoproteinaemia, account for the observation, not previously reported in a heterozygous type II hyperlipoproteinaemia, of massive supravalvular atheromatous deposits. This latter of acquired lesion is described in 9 cases reported in the literature with a homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolaemic xanthomatosis, the atheromatous deposits in the proximal aorta appearing earlier in these patients, and in the absence of pre-existing anatomical anomalies. PMID- 7294593 TI - [Intestinal malabsorption with a dissociated deficiency of immunoglobulins (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 42-year-old-man with dissociated deficiency of immunoglobulins and intestinal malabsorption is presented. The gastrointestinal symptoms included post-prandial pains and steatorrhea. Histologic and immunohistochemistry studies of small intestinal biopsies revealed subtotal villous atrophy and absence of IgA producing plasma cells. The deficiency of immunoglobulins was total for IgA and moderate for IgM. IgG was increased. HLA B8 haplotype was present Gluten-free diet gave dramatic improvement in few days on clinic symptoms. Recovery of the villi was observed within three months. The cases reported in the published literature are reviewed and the physiopathologic hypothesis and nosology limits of the syndrome are discussed. PMID- 7294594 TI - [Disseminated actinomycosis presenting with multiple subcutaneous abscesses (author's transl)]. AB - The case report describes a patient hospitalized for multiple subcutaneous abscesses who presented a four-year history of recurrent skin lesions and a fifteen-year history of non specific bronchopulmonary infections requiring segmental resection. The diagnosis of actinomycosis, A. israeli species, was established by culture of surgical drainage material from a thoraco-abdominal wall abscess. Muscle and bone involvement of the right thigh was subsequently demonstrated. There was no evidence of pulmonary infection at the time of hospitalization. Treatment with Penicillin G was curative. A review of the literature is presented together with a summary of thirteen reported cases. Although disseminated actinomycosis has become very rare since the introduction of antibiotic therapy, patients share similar features and a common clinical pattern which are highly evocative of the disease. All patients described had preceding pleuropulmonary disease, characteristically chronic. Evolution of cutaneous lesions was subacute or chronic. In all cases, there was significant delay (months to years) between the initial appearance of skin lesions and subsequent diagnosis. In most cases, actinomycosis had not been suspected. Diagnosis was usually established by isolation and identification of the micro organism in cultures of purulent material obtained from cutaneous lesions. Despite the probability of hematogenous disease dissemination, pleuro-pulmonary foci were only rarely demonstrated. Prolonged antibiotic therapy was curative in all treated cases. PMID- 7294596 TI - [Status of the genetic factor in psychiatry]. PMID- 7294595 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the carotid artery in a patient with angiographic evidence of fibromuscular dysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294597 TI - [Genetics and psychopathology of the child]. PMID- 7294598 TI - [Heredity in psychopathology. Point of view of the psychoanalyst]. PMID- 7294599 TI - [Beyond psychiatric hospitalization]. PMID- 7294601 TI - [Intermediate psychiatric institutions: realizations and perspectives]. PMID- 7294600 TI - [The Dupre Clinic in Sceaux]. PMID- 7294602 TI - [Factorial structure of the Hamilton depression scale. I]. AB - A development version (N I M H 67) of the Hamilton depression rating scale with 26 items was scored on 125 depressed inpatients recently hospitalized for a major non schizophrenic depressive illness. The data were obtained before any antidepressant treatment or after an adequate wash out period. A principal component factorial analysis with Varimax rotation was used. Computer simulations showed that only 2 factors were really outside the non significant range. A criterion is defined to allow the choice of an optimal saturation threshold for inclusion of an item in a factor. It assigns 25 of the 26 items of the scale to one of 2 independent factors: depression and anxiety-somatization. PMID- 7294603 TI - [A peculiar psychodysleptic: Datura]. PMID- 7294604 TI - [Vagabondage, space and wanderlust]. PMID- 7294605 TI - [Emergency admission of patients with psychiatric problems in an interdepartmental service]. PMID- 7294606 TI - [Electrogastrographic bioretroaction. Importance in psychosomatic medicine. Apropos of 4 cases of gastroduodenal dyskinesia]. PMID- 7294607 TI - [District psychiatry and hospital medicine: a simple story?]. PMID- 7294608 TI - [delta 1-steroid-dehydrogenase biosynthesis and androsta-4-ene-3,17-dione degradation by "Nocardia restricta" (author's transl)]. AB - The acetate, hexanoate and glucose catabolisms have not repressing influence on androsta-4-ene-3,17-dione induced delta 1-steroid-dehydrogenase in Nocardia restricta during the growth on synthetic media. Methyl-perhydroindane-dione propionic acid degradation is a limiting step of the androsta-4-ene-3,17-dione catabolism on acetate medium. On this medium induction of delta 1-steroid dehydrogenase synthesis takes place in two steps: a first inducer is androsta-4 ene-3,17-dione; a second inducer is a so far undefined product of methyl perhydroindane-dione-propionic acid catabolism, On hexanoate medium, during androsta-4-ene-3,17-dione degradation, this acid does not accumulate, and the synthesis of delta 1-steroid-dehydrogenase is then only induced by androsta-4-ene 3,17-dione. The degradation of this steroid on acetate at pH below 7,0 gives, with a 50% yield, 3-hydroxy-9(10)-seco-androsta-1,3,5(10)-triene-9,17-dione. PMID- 7294609 TI - Isolation of L-forms from the spleens of Brucella suis-infected, penicillin treated mice. AB - Previous attempts to obtain in vitro wall-deficient stable L-forms of various strains of Brucella have failed because the obtained spheroplasts revert quickly to bacterial form. Here, we report the isolation of L-forms from mice infected with a B. suis strain type 1 and treated with penicillin. In defined experimental conditions, L-type microcolonies associated with tissue debris were observed in primary spleen cultures, even on antibiotic free media. After several transfers on penicillin-containing medium. typical, tissue-free L colonies were obtained. At first, when cultivated on antibiotic-free medium, these colonies reverted to the bacterial form (identified as B suis, biotype 1). Later, after approximately fifteen transfers on penicillin-supplemented medium, they no longer reverted even after several subcultures on antibiotic-free medium. The L-forms' ultrastructural features included many giant empty bodies, considerable variation in size, shape and density of the wall-deficient cells, and many multilayered membranes. The stabilized L-forms were propagated in vitro and inoculated into mice, and then recovered from their spleens as tissue associated L-microcolonies. An occasional in vivo revertant was identified as B. suis, biotype 1. These data provide one possible explanation for earlier failures to detect the presence of atypical bacteria in clinical or experimental Brucella infections. PMID- 7294610 TI - [Date palm and fusariosis. VIII.--Parasitism of "Fusarium oxysporum" f. sp. "albedinis" by an actinomycete (author's transl)]. AB - Fortuitous growth of an actinomycete on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis culture has shown a host-parasite process. As a response to the actinomycete, the fungus produces thallospores with various forms which can germinate faster than the non-parasited F. o. albedinis microconidies. However, the strains obtained from thallospores showed as sensible as the mother strain towards actinomycete action. PMID- 7294611 TI - An unusual H antigen (Z66) in strains of Salmonella typhi. AB - Eleven Salmonella typhi isolates were recovered from patients with typhoid in Indonesia. These motile isolates had neither H:d nor H:j antigen but had a new H antigen, designated Z66 in this paper. After passage through semi-solid agar medium with anti-Z66 serum (in U-tube), 7 strains were agglutinable by H:d antiserum. No strain was able to express the three H factors. In case of typhoid fever caused by such strains, conventional Widal test may not detect anti-H:d agglutinins in patients' sera. PMID- 7294612 TI - Tapioca melanoma. PMID- 7294613 TI - Intracorneal hemorrhage. PMID- 7294614 TI - Healon. PMID- 7294615 TI - Medication versus surgery: are we doing it wrong? PMID- 7294616 TI - Use of sodium hyaluronate in human IOL implantation. AB - Intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted into each eye of 20 patients. In one eye of each patient, sodium hyaluronate [Healon] was used to maintain the anterior chamber and coat the corneal endothelium during surgery. Postoperative results were compared to the other eye of the 20 patients receiving IOL implants in the conventional way. Endothelial cell loss averaged 18% in the sodium hyaluronate treated eyes vs. a 54% endothelial cell loss in the control group. PMID- 7294617 TI - Dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7294618 TI - Syphilitic phlebitis simulating branch vein occlusion. PMID- 7294619 TI - White rings of the cornea. PMID- 7294620 TI - Visual correction of keratoconus with soft contact lenses. AB - Soft contact lenses were fitted on 96 eyes of 52 patients suffering from keratoconus. The visual acuity of 66 eyes was 4/10 or better with soft contact lenses alone. The amount of astigmatism corrected with soft contact lenses varied between 1.50 and 8.00 D, with an average of 2.80 D. Sixteen eyes had a residual astigmatism. Correcting this astigmatism with spectacles resulted in improved visual acuity, and finally, 71 eyes, or 74%, had a visual acuity 4/10 or better. Soft contact lenses of three manufacturers, Bausch & Lomb (the C series), Nusyte, and Bioflex, were used. Thicker lenses corrected more astigmatism and provided an improved visual acuity, especially the C series lenses of Bausch & Lomb, which presented certain advantages in visual correction of keratoconus patients. PMID- 7294621 TI - Soft traumatic or hypermature congenital cataract with rupture of posterior lens capsule and anterior hyaloid face. PMID- 7294622 TI - A fungal infection as an intrascleral abscess. PMID- 7294623 TI - Retinal detachment masquerading as retinoschisis. PMID- 7294624 TI - Bilateral macular lesions. PMID- 7294625 TI - Familial Nevus of Ota. AB - A white family with three generations (one by history) showing the clinical picture of nevus of Ota is presented. In the two generations examined, no evidence of uveal malignant melanoma was found. This is the first such family reported in the English literature and the fifth family in the world literature. It shows the importance of a good family history in dealing with a patient with a nevus of Ota. Affected family members should be examined carefully to rule out uveal malignant melanoma until the questions surrounding its reported association with nevus of Ota can be resolved. PMID- 7294627 TI - Pupil-sparing oculomotor palsy with IgG monoclonal paraproteinemia. PMID- 7294626 TI - A case of an optic pit. PMID- 7294628 TI - Scimitar Chorioretinopathy. PMID- 7294630 TI - Giant tears. PMID- 7294631 TI - Medically uncontrolled glaucoma in the aphakic eye. PMID- 7294629 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri: an observation and review. AB - In five consecutive cases of pseudotumor cerebri we observed an elevation in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate that we were able to correlate with the changes in the degree of papilledema. In spite of an extensive medical workup, no other cause for the increased ESR was found. Our findings suggest that possibly serial ESR determinations might be of assistance in following cases of pseudotumor cerebri. PMID- 7294632 TI - Orbital melanoma. AB - A case of choroidal melanoma metastatic to the contralateral orbit is presented. Ultrasound and orbital computerized tomographic scan data are shown. In patients with a history of choroidal melanoma and a contralateral orbital mass, metastatic orbital melanoma should be suspected. PMID- 7294634 TI - Primary position upbeat nystagmus following meningitis. PMID- 7294633 TI - Polytetrafluoroethylene in experimental retinal detachment surgery. AB - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material was evaluated as an adjunctive material for retinal detachment surgery. A 4 mm sponge was wrapped in a 4 mm diameter tube of PTFE and sutured episclerally. Additionally, PTFE was rolled and sutured into an episcleral pocket as an implant material. Microscopic sectioning demonstrated a minimal inflammatory response and ingrowth of connective tissue into the PTFE. The intrascleral PTFE had also become successfully infiltrated with connective tissue, creating a thick, fibrovascular intrascleral implant. This material may prove useful in preventing extrusion of Silastic sponge exoplants, as a buckling element for intrascleral procedures, or as a covering for staphylomatous areas that require episcleral buckling. PMID- 7294635 TI - Radial keratotomy: an analysis of the American experience. AB - A total of 223 patients with bilateral nonprogressive myopia ranging from - to - 11 D underwent partial-thickness radial keratotomy (400 eyes). Topical anesthesia was used for all surgery and all patients had 16 radial incisions from a preset central optical zone, determined by table and/or formula. Neither corneal diameter or scleral rigidity was taken into account in these groups. Substantial reduction of myopia resulted immediately in all cases, with Group 1 showing a 44% regression of the myopia with stabilization occurring at three months. Group 2 showed a 14% regression of effect. In Group 1, 28% attained an unaided visual acuity (postoperatively) of 20/40 or better for most of the day, while 61% of Group 2 attained the same result. Night glare was present in both groups, usually subsiding in three months. Fluctuation was reported in both groups. Side effects were mild. The comparison of the two groups shows that incisions carried almost to Descemet's membrane and deepened in the periphery resulted in much greater reduction of the myopia and a more permanent and stable effect following surgery. New methods of measuring corneal curvature are necessary and a more satisfactory blade needs to be developed for surgery. Corneal thickness measurements have been made more accurate by the development of the ultrasonic pachymeter. PMID- 7294636 TI - Asymmetric anterior segment changes induced by chlorpromazine. AB - A 54-year-old man ingested chlorpromazine, 800 mg/day, for ten years and showed conjunctival, corneal, and lenticular changes. Because of a congenital Marcus Gunn jaw-wink phenomenon in the right eye with subsequent ptosis, he presented an opportunity to compare the anterior segment changes induced by this drug in an eye exposed to sunlight with an eye relatively protected. The changes in the anterior segment were much more marked in the exposed left eye--supporting the hypothesis that chlorpromazine-induced ocular toxicity is a result of drug interaction with sunlight on anterior segment proteins, causing them to denature, opacify, and accumulate in conjunctiva, cornea, and lens. PMID- 7294637 TI - Perforating eye injuries treated at Helsinki University Eye Hospital 1970 to 1977. AB - A total of 477 perforating eye injuries (PEIs) were treated at Helsinki University Eye Hospital during the years 1970 to 1977. This study concerns perforations in children and those in adults during leisure time, the two categories representing 60% of all perforations. The results were compared with two previous series from this clinic from 1950 to 1959 and 1930 to 1939. The proportion of children was 27% of all perforations, a clear decrease from the 1950s (32%). The proportion of males was 78% both in children and in adults. Sharp objects were the most common cause of injury in children; explosions had diminished remarkably as compared with the 1950s and 1930s, there is a great increase in the number of assaults and road accidents. Prognosis was better for children than for adults. This reflects the better outcome of anterior segment injuries, which formed the majority of children's perforations, 71%, but only 48% of adult perforations. PMID- 7294638 TI - Papilloarterial Ischemia. AB - Six cases of vascularly induced disc edema are described. Patients were all fairly young, with only slight and mostly transient visual decrease in spite of impaired pupillary reflexes (three cases) and altitudinal field defects. Bilateral, though asymmetric, involvement was detected in three cases. The fundus showed a usually pale disc; the emerging arteries always presented segmental constrictions and signs of inflammation (sheathing) or sclerosis (increased reflexes). The peripapillary retina showed splinter hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots. Fluorescein angiography typically showed slow retinal circulation times with arterial laminar flow often persisting well into the venous stages. The disc and peripapillary choroid showed patchy ischemia. Fluorescein leaked at the disc in all cases, often in an irregular fashion and with a tendency for dye to run along the initial arterial segments. History and medical workups were noncontributory. Three patients with evidence of inflammatory arterial disease (vitreous cells, periarterial cuffing, and fluorescein staining of the vessel walls) improved with systemic steroids. In the remaining three the papilloarterial ischemia was diagnosed as caused by premature arteriosclerosis. This vascular condition differs from ischemic optic neuropathy, in which retinal arteries are not obviously involved, and from papillophlebitis, in which the retinal vascular involvement, when present, is limited to the veins. PMID- 7294639 TI - Intraocular lens implantation in cats. AB - An intraocular lens without loops was inserted in a cat eye using a suture through the iris and holes in the superior lens haptic for fixation. Excellent results were obtained in 37 of 54 implanted intraocular lenses. Among the 17 with complications, 5 eyes were lost because of death. One case of probable endophthalmitis and one of wound rupture occurred. The remaining ten problems were related to contact between intraocular lens and cornea. The mean cell loss in 21 eyes with intraocular lenses and no postsurgical corneal touch was 24%. In ten control eyes (wound only, no lens insertion) the mean cell change was +4%. This difference was statistically significant. This technique may be useful in testing the lens-cornea endothelial toxicity of other intraocular lens modifications. PMID- 7294640 TI - Carotid-cavernous fistula as a complication of carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7294641 TI - Complications in aphakic eyes after vitreous loss. AB - In our 114 patients with vitreous loss during a cataract operation there were 21 cases (18.4%) which resulted in severe after-effects leading to the conclusion that vitreous loss during a cataract operation provokes a more frequent development of postoperative complications. Therefore a careful surgical procedure with exact repositioning of the vitreous-free anterior chamber, as well as regular and careful follow-up examinations are required. At our hospital we regularly carry our a three-mirror-contact lens examination after four weeks to enable us to perform a preventive treatment of the retina if necessary. In the event of incarceration of the vitreous with traction, a vitrectomy must be considered. As far as initial maculopathies are concerned we observed in a few cases a positive effect that parabulbar cortisone prevented further development of the disease. Finally, we would recommend regular IOP controls in order to recognize secondary glaucoma at an early stage. PMID- 7294642 TI - Central serous choroidopathy in the Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome. AB - Central serous choroidopathy was observed in a young patient with the Hallermann Streiff syndrome. Typical features of this syndrome include microphthalmos, proportionate dwarfism, dyscephaly with birdlike facies, dental abnormalities, and hypotrichosis. Exceptional aspects of this case include age of onset (11 years), high hyperopic refractive error (+ 13.00 sphere), and multiple recurrences caused by six separate documented leaks from the choroid. Fundus changes previously reported in the Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, interpreted as chorioretinal pigmentary changes, may have been secondary to previous undiagnosed central serous choroidopathy. Periodic ophthalmoscopy should be performed and may detect unrecognized episodes of central serous choroidopathy for which photocoagulation would be beneficial. PMID- 7294643 TI - Partial choroidectomy for choroidal melanoma: a case report. PMID- 7294644 TI - Surgical treatment of exophthalmos and enophthalmos. PMID- 7294645 TI - [Cytospectrophotometry in the grading of malignant breast tumors]. AB - The nuclear DNA content of neoplastic cell was measured in 30 cases of carcinomas of the human breast. The normal lymphocyte was used as a reference for the DNA value corresponding to a diploid number of chromosomes. Samples from the same cases were embedded in paraffin and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The nuclear DNA content is compared with the histological malignancy grading following Bloom and Richardson. PMID- 7294646 TI - [Anatamo-functional premises, etiopathogenesis and surgical treatment and results in non-complicated gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7294647 TI - [A case of volvulus of the splenic flexure of the colon in pregnancy]. PMID- 7294648 TI - [The rights of the patient. Proceedings of a round-table discussion]. PMID- 7294649 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological study of new amidines and quaternary ammonium salts derivatives of pyrrolidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294650 TI - [Cardiostimulant and haemodynamic effects of a new beta-acetyl butyrolactone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294651 TI - [In vivo and in vitro cellular activities of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294652 TI - [Study of the comparative bioavailability of adrenaline hydrochloride and laurylsulfate by percutaneous absorption (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294653 TI - [Hemoglobin microencapsulation. II. Morphological study and oxygen permeability of microcapsules with a modified polyamide membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294654 TI - [Low molecular weight oligosaccharides active in plasma against factor Xa. II. New structural elements and antithrombotic activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294655 TI - [Alkaloids of Alstonia legouixiae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294656 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological studies of some (amino-alkyl) phenylsulfones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294657 TI - En bloc nasal shift rhinoplasty--an approach to the small crooked nose. AB - Correction of the crooked nasal pyramid without reduction of nasal size is difficult using customary techniques. In the small nose without need for hump removal, the bony portion of the external nose can be shifted centrally after nasomaxillary and frontonasal osteotomies have been done. The correction is maintained either by appropriate resection of the long nasal bone at the nasomaxillary osteotomy or by blocking the short nasal bone forward with a graft in the nasomaxillary osteotomy. The technique is useful in the occasional septorhinoplasty in which nasal size should be preserved. PMID- 7294658 TI - Scalp--in search of the perfect donor site. AB - In many cases where a wound to be grafted is large, particularly in burns, the patient's condition may be aggravated by exposed donor sites. Adding thigh or even buttock scars to a patient must be carefully considered. The scalp, it appears, is a safe, reliable, and truly hidden donor site. For this and other reasons mentioned, its use should be promoted in plastic surgery. PMID- 7294659 TI - High-frequency electromagnetic radiation injury to the upper extremity: local and systemic effects. AB - Industrial use of radiofrequency and microwave energy sources (nonionizing, high frequency electromagnetic radiation) is a growing and widespread phenomenon, with projected risks of exposure to more than 20 million workers in the United States. A description of the nature of this form of electromagnetic energy is given, with emphasis on the variability of energy absorption by humans. The current state of biological research is reviewed, and a summary of the known effects of radiofrequency and microwave radiation exposure on animals and humans provided. These known effects appear to be principally thermal, similar to conventional electrical burn injuries, but with some unique systemic expression. Derangements of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrine, hematological, ophthalmological, and behavioral functions are well described in animal experimentation. Two patients are presented--one a young woman exposed to a high-density radiofrequency field in an industrial setting, leading to necrosis of the entire hand and wrist as well as to a constellation of systemic effects, and one an older woman exposed to excessive microwave radiation from a malfunctioning microwave oven, leading to chronic hand pain and paresthesias resembling median nerve entrapment at the carpus. The prevalence of potential exposure in certain industries is noted and recommendations for follow-up care of workers exposed to this form of trauma are delineated. PMID- 7294660 TI - Commissuroplasty and myoplasty for macrostomia. AB - The morphology of macrostomia and a method of myoplasty and commissuroplasty are described. The important operative considerations are accurate commissure positioning, muscle reconstruction, obliteration of the lateral subdermal groove, placement of a vermilion flap across the commissure, and Z-plasty of skin in the nasolabial crease. PMID- 7294661 TI - Successful replantation of a totally avulsed scalp following prolonged ischemia. PMID- 7294662 TI - The reverse latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with functional preservation- report of a case. PMID- 7294663 TI - Trabecular cell carcinoma--report of a case. AB - Trabecular cell carcinoma is a little known tumor with potentially aggressive behavior. Once a diagnosis has been established, aggressive surgical treatment should follow, with wide excision. Other modalities to be considered are radiation therapy and possible chemotherapy, for which no precedent exists. The tumor resembles metastatic anaplastic carcinomas, and familiary with it is important in the evaluation of cutaneous malignancies. A 55-year-old patient with trabecular cell carcinoma is presented. PMID- 7294665 TI - The current Stanford program. PMID- 7294664 TI - The window drape. PMID- 7294666 TI - The Stanford integrated plastic surgery program--history and philosophy. PMID- 7294667 TI - Humanitarianism in plastic surgery. PMID- 7294668 TI - Cleft palate repair at three months? PMID- 7294669 TI - Use of an axial flap for reduction mammaplasty. PMID- 7294670 TI - Atypical mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis--treatment with surgery and antibiotics. AB - Five patients, ages 2 to 5 years, were successfully treated for cervical lymphadenitis caused by the avium intercellulari complex of atypical bacteria. Preoperative treatment with standard antituberculosis therapy had been unsuccessful. Extensive surgery requiring a conservative radical neck dissection was sometimes required. Three patients had such extensive and progressive disease that immediate excision was impossible. These patients received a course of Amikacin with considerable improvement, permitting adequate excision and reconstruction. A fourth patient who received Amikacin did not respond, although sufficient excision was possible. This preliminary data indicates that a combined treatment of Amikacin and surgery in extensive cases may be useful in the treatment of cervical lymphadenitis due to atypical mycobacteria. PMID- 7294671 TI - Submuscular breast reconstruction--indications and techniques. AB - We review the care and treatment of 93 patients who underwent submuscular breast reconstruction in our service between 1975 and 1980. The indications and clinical situations in which submuscular reconstruction has been useful include: following simple mastectomy; following modified radical mastectomy; following subcutaneous mastectomy (immediate or delayed reconstruction); in standard augmentation mammaplasty in selected patients; and with unusual, unsatisfactory, or dangerous preexisting breast conditions. Unusual indications include unsatisfactory subcutaneous placement with capsule formation after subcutaneous mastectomy; use of unsatisfactory or dangerous implants such as Ivalon and Etheron; and replacement of the old-fashioned Cronin gel implants with fixation patches. Submuscular placement has also been used to advantage in patients with excessively scarred, tenuous skin. Technical modifications in the submuscular implantation technique are detailed. We have used subserratus-subpectoral placement in most instances. Technical tips to keep the implant in a low position by division of the serratus attachments and limitations of upward dissection are detailed. Clinical studies on the upward migration of implants and pressures developed under the serratus and pectoralis muscles as measured by manometer are also detailed. PMID- 7294672 TI - Breast reconstruction after radical mastectomy--an approach to rehabilitative surgery. PMID- 7294673 TI - Temporomandibular joint ankylosis--experience with a case of twenty years' duration. AB - The clinical and radiographic findings and operative management of a patient having temporomandibular joint ankylosis for 20 years is presented. The patient had fibrous ankylosis on one side and complete bony ankylosis on the other. There was substantial growth of the mandible on the side with fibrous ankylosis, and marked growth retardation on the side with bony ankylosis. Both a preauricular and an intraoral approach were required to release structures restricting mandibular opening. Complications included temporary upper facial nerve palsy and a persistent anterior open bite requiring further treatment. PMID- 7294674 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the tongue--a dialogue case report. PMID- 7294675 TI - Patent median artery as a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Persistent median artery should be considered in the evaluation of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. We present 5 instances of carpal tunnel syndrome caused by pressure from patent median arteries. The arteries caused bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in 1 patient. Neuropraxia can be so severe that thenar muscle atrophy and complete loss of sensation occur. We review the embryonic development of the median nerve vascular supply and the reported incidence of persistent median artery. The use of Doppler examination is stressed in evaluating whether a median artery is present, and if it is essential to digital blood supply. In each instance, the neuropraxia resolved after the patent median artery was resected. PMID- 7294677 TI - Immunological aspects of thermal injuries. PMID- 7294676 TI - Tightness of the oral aperture following static suspension procedure for facial paralysis, and its correction. AB - A 51-year-old man underwent a static suspension procedure for correction of unilateral traumatic facial paralysis using the fascia lata. Other surgical procedures were not considered due to extensive loss of facial muscles, facial nerve, and the temporal muscle. The patient developed tightness of the oral aperture six months later, preventing him from introducing his dentures into his mouth. This difficulty was completely relieved by transmucosal release of the bands at the level of the midportion of the left side of the upper and lower lips. Immediately following the procedure, the patient was able to open his mouth completely and put in his dentures. No change was noted in the symmetry of his face. PMID- 7294678 TI - Surgical management of parotid gland tumors. PMID- 7294679 TI - Latissimus dorsi flap in Poland's syndrome. PMID- 7294680 TI - The hazards of rehabilitation. AB - Falls are the most common accident occurring to patients in hospital, especially those undergoing rehabilitation. The types, causes, and consequences of such falls are discussed in relation to the patients' age and underlying condition with reference to 386 accidents occurring over a 5-month period in a hospital with 50% geriatric beds. Measures that may reduce the hazard to the patient and minimise the risk of accidents in hospital are suggested. PMID- 7294681 TI - Is a mask necessary in the operating theatre? AB - No masks were worn in one operating theatre for 6 months. There was no increase in the incidence of wound infection. PMID- 7294682 TI - An electrophysiological study of the smooth muscle of the human colon. AB - Electrical recordings were made in vitro from preparations of human colonic smooth muscle from surgically resected specimens. The behaviour of the taenia consisted of regular spike action potentials based on a slow wave rhythm (22 +/- 5 c.p.m.), with tetanic contractions of the muscle. The actions of cholinergic drugs were studied and experiments performed to investigate the mechanism of the action potentials. The circular muscle produced clusters of spikes with solitary contractions. The differences between the two muscle layers may be of relevance to understanding the colonic electromyogram as recorded in vivo. PMID- 7294683 TI - The craft of surgery. The anastomosis workshop, March 1981. PMID- 7294684 TI - A new method for the surgical treatment of the dumping syndrome. AB - A new method for the operative treatment of the dumping syndrome is reported and an analysis of the results obtained in 28 patients followed up for periods of 10 months to 10 years presented. There were no deaths, the complication rate was low, and the results in terms of relief of dumping symptoms and weight gain satisfactory. The method offers a surgical approach for the treatment of patients with severe and disabling dumping symptoms. PMID- 7294685 TI - Techniques for investigating substrate metabolism in patients. AB - Studies of dynamic aspects of substrate metabolism in patients can be made with a variety of techniques. Methods include indirect calorimetry, substrate load tests, measurement of arteriovenous differences with use of the Fick principle, and isotope infusions. Recent developments in stable isotope methodology have made available safe techniques for accurate measurement of the turnover of plasma substrates in patients. The use of deuterated, 13C, and 15N isotopes enables the turnover of several substrates to be measured at the same time. It is hoped that the primed constant infusion of stable isotopes combined with indirect calorimetry will lead to a greater understanding of metabolism in ill patients. PMID- 7294686 TI - Chemical lumbar sympathectomy with radiological assessment. AB - Forty cases of chemical lumbar sympathectomy are presented. A 7.5% solution of phenol in meglumine iothianate was injected under local anaesthesia and abdominal radiography performed. Skin temperature changes in the legs were compared with the radiological appearances and clinical results. Six injections were performed on cadavers before autopsy using a solution of methylene blue and meglumine iothianate in order to correlate the radiological appearance with the exact site of the injection. In 36 patients 32 injections were correctly sited at the first attempt. The 4 patients in whom technical failure occurred were successfully reinjected at the second attempt. Four correctly sited injections failed to produce a response and were not repeated. PMID- 7294687 TI - The early diagnosis of carcinoma of the mouth. AB - A survey of all known cases of carcinoma of the mouth in a population of half a million shows that late diagnosis in the majority of cases is inevitable. With this neoplasm symptoms are minimal during the early stages and there is no correlation between the duration of symptoms and the stage of the tumour when first diagnosed. There was no evidence of undue delay by the patient or the medical (or dental) practitioner or by the hospital. Consequently an improvement in results in this disease can only be achieved by more effective treatment of the advanced lesion. PMID- 7294688 TI - The management of recurrent varicose veins. AB - Recurrent varicose veins are due to unidentified connections between the deep and superficial venous systems. Conventional clinical and radiological methods of identification are inefficient. In a series of 662 operations the rate of recurrence was over 40%. By changing to a different radiological technique, using an image intensifier, it was found that the gastrocnemius veins in the popliteal fossa were a common cause of recurrence. This radiological technique also differentiated between those recurrences that required a second operation and those which ought to be treated by Fegan's method. PMID- 7294689 TI - [Deferentography under local anaesthesia in male sterility: technique and results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294690 TI - [[Radiological aspect of uncemented total hip replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294691 TI - [A basic radioanatomic model for mammography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294692 TI - [[Direct coronal mode in CT, of the thorax and abdomen (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294693 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the spleen. Report on a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294694 TI - [Perinephric-abscess in the newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294695 TI - [Life and death of an aneurysmal cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294696 TI - [The advantages of lymphography in malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294697 TI - [Subscrotal bypass. Technique and indications. A report on twelve cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294698 TI - [Effect of peritoneo-venous shunting on blood volumes in cirrhotic patients with intractable ascites. Report on eleven cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294699 TI - [Reimplantation of splenic tissue after neonatal trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294700 TI - [A new stapling instrument for anastomosis in the gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294701 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute complicated colitis. Report on twenty-eight cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294702 TI - [Supra-selective vagotomy in the treatment of perforated duodenal ulcers. Thirty cases report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294703 TI - [Torsion of the gallbladder. Four new cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294704 TI - [Biliary peritonitis by hepatic perforation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294705 TI - [Consequences of suction drainage when applied in spinal posterior approach with opening of the dura-mater. Experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294706 TI - [Severe spinal trauma in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294707 TI - [Contribution of pulmonary cardiac ultrasound for evaluation of pulmonary arterial pressure data (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294708 TI - [At home or to hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294709 TI - [Left ventricular function of the acute mitral insufficiency with ischemic origin and due to the "idiopathic" rope rupture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294710 TI - [Family aspect of right ventricular dysplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294712 TI - [Spontaneous and repetitive angor pectoris. Temporary mitral insufficiency. Cessation of crisis under aspirin. Decline of fifteen months. Physiopathological and therapeutic considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294711 TI - [Aneurysm of the popliteal vein revealed by pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294713 TI - [Treatment of angina pectoris with diltiazem]. PMID- 7294714 TI - Survival of cancer patients in Finland in 1953-1974. PMID- 7294715 TI - [X short arm deletion and Turner syndrome. A new case 46, X, del (X) (p11) (author's transl)]. AB - From a new case of a young woman with a rare X short arm deletion on band 11 and review of literature, it is suggested that loss of short arm by juxta-centromeric break does not involve complete somatic Turner syndrome. Short stature depends on distal deletion (p21 or p22). The p11 - p21 segment of X chromosome carries a gene essential for gonadal development. PMID- 7294717 TI - Prolactin level in relation to gonadotrophin concentration during different phases of annual reproductive cycle in the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.). AB - Changes in prolactin content of the pituitary gland and blood serum were studied in relation to the changes in gonadotrophic concentration during the different phases of annual reproductive cycle in Clarias batrachus. Prolactin content showed a cyclic variation. Increasing trend in it potency kept pace with the rising concentration of gonadotrophin in the pituitary gland as well as in the blood. Upward movement in prolactin and gonadotrophin levels started with the onset of gonadal development from the preparatory phase, reached to their maximum concentration during spawning period, there after began to decline to touch their ebb in the postspawning phase of reproductive cycle. PMID- 7294716 TI - Failure of bromocriptine to modify the response to metyrapone in normal subjects. AB - In order to study the role played by the dopaminergic system on the secretion of ACTH, we evaluated the influence of bromocriptine on the response to metyrapone. Levels of serum cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol and of urinary 17-OH corticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids were measured both before and after stimulation with metyrapone in ten normal adults. This was followed by a week of administration with bromocriptine (5 mg/die) after which the above measurements were repeated. The results obtained did not differ significantly. Thus it may concluded that, under these conditions and at this dose, bromocriptine does not modify the response to metyrapone. PMID- 7294718 TI - Longitudinal comparison of aerobic power in active and inactive boys aged 7.0 to 17.0 years. AB - Height and maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) were analysed longitudinally in 14 active and 11 inactive boys from the Saskatchewan Longitudinal Growth Study. VO2 max values were obtained from a treadmill run repeated each year. The Preece Baines Model I was fitted to height and VO2 max values over the duration of the study. No significant differences were found for height attained between the two groups. VO2 max comparisons revealed no significant differences before the take off point for the adolescent growth spurt. Significant differences occurred in the VO2 max attained by the age of peak adolescent velocity in VO2 max, the increase from take-off to peak and in the adult value, with active boys having higher values. It is concluded that activity before adolescence causes no significant increase in VO2 max, but that adolescence is the critical period during which consistently higher rates of increase in the VO2 max of active boys result in a significantly greater adult value. PMID- 7294719 TI - Size variability of the Y chromosome distal C-band in Brazilian Indians and Caucasoids. AB - Densitometric measurements of the Y chromosome distal heterochromatin were performed on 183 Indians and 21 Caucasoids living in Brazil. No significant intratribal intervillage variation was observed, but the tribal averages were different, ranging from 0.81 to 1.32 mu. The Caucasoid mean presented an intermediate value. Wide intrapopulation variability occurs, as well as a suggestion of bimodality in the measurements obtained among the Indians of the Amazon region. Surprisingly a positive correlation was found between this variable and the C-band size of chromosome 16, as well as between it and the heteromorphism index of chromosome 1. PMID- 7294720 TI - Ages of eruption of the permanent teeth in Kenyan African and asian children. AB - Mean ages of eruption of the permanent teeth (except 3rd molars) in African and Asian children were derived from a cross-sectional study of 2847 children aged 4 14 years, in selected nursery and primary schools in Nairobi, Kenya. Except for the premolars, the mandibular teeth erupted earlier than the maxillary ones in both races. The mandibular incisors and canines erupted earlier by 0.9-1.1 yr in Africans and 0.6-0.8 yr in Asians, and the molar by 0.2-0.4 yr in both races. The maxillary premolars were ahead of mandibular premolars by 0.1-0.2 yr in both races. The females were ahead of males in both races. Compared with the Asians, the African permanent teeth erupted earlier by 0.2-0.7 yr. The most frequent order of eruption in Africans is Mand I1, Mand M1, Max M1, Mand I2, and Max I1 between 5-7 years, while in the Asians the most frequent order is Mand M1, Mand I1, or Max M1, Max I1 and Mand I2 between 6-8 years. The incidence of Cusp of Carabelli in Africans and Asians is about 19-25%. PMID- 7294721 TI - Genetic surveys from the Central, Morobe and Northern Districts, Papua New Guinea. AB - The results of blood group surveys on a number of linguistic groups inhabiting contiguous areas within the Goilala sub-district of the Central District, the southern part of the Morobe District and the Northern District are reported. Altogether about 1900 subjects were tested, but the extent of testing varied. Red cell enzyme and serum protein systems were also investigated in two groups. Similarities and dissimilarities of blood group distributions are noted, as also are some possible gene gradients among peoples living to the north of the main divide. Two groups, the Kuni/Tauade of the Goilala sub-district, and the Roro/Kovio living towards the Papuan Gulf coast seem well distinguished from the remainder. Genetic distances were calculated for five populations north of the divide, and agree with the geographical and linguistic situation. The Weri people of the middle Waria provided an example of Hp 2-1 modified, two examples of the MDH.NG.1 variant and one of AK 2-1. PMID- 7294722 TI - Distribution of the number of heterozygous loci in the Kota population of Nilgiri hills of India and estimation of average heterozygosity. AB - From an electrophoretic survey of 17 protein enzyme loci in seven Kota villages of the Nilgiri Hills, Madras region of South India, the distribution of the number of heterozygous loci is computed. It is demonstrated that the mean of this distribution provides an alternative estimate of the average heterozygosity in an individual per locus which does not make use of the assumptions of linkage equilibrium and random mating. Since the Kotas practise a high degree of consanguineous marriages, this new estimate is suggested to be more appropriate for such isolated populations. Through an FST analysis it is shown that there is very little gene differentiation among the seven Kota villages where substantial gene migration occurs through inter-village marriages. PMID- 7294723 TI - Sexual maturation and growth pattern in Egyptian boys. AB - The mean ages of attainment of successive stages of puberty were estimated in a cross-sectional sample of 453 Egyptian schoolboys from a semi-urban area of Cairo, ranging in age from 9 to 17 years. The stages of puberty were as defined by Tanner (1962). The mean age of onset of puberty (stage 2) was 11.1 years, assessed either by genitalia or by pubic hair. Stage 5 occurred at 16.2 years, again both for genitalia and pubic hair. The time interval between these ages, 5.1 years, was 2 years longer than for British or Chinese boys. There was a highly significant effect of social class on the mean ages of attainment, and the heights and weights of the boys were also related to social class, the class 1 boys being taller and heavier than Tanner's British boys. PMID- 7294725 TI - An addendum on presence and absence of a mid-childhood spurt in somatic dimensions. AB - Tanner and Cameron (1980) recently reported analyses of velocity data on London children for standing height, body weight, arm girth, calf girth, and two measures of skinfold thickness. Their purpose was to determine whether in mid childhood (some time between ages six and nine years) these variables underwent slight "acceleration and deceleration." The present report supplements this with velocity findings on Iowa City children for standing height, body weight, chest girth, arm girth, calf girth, and hip width. The London study showed no evidence of a mid-childhood spurt in standing height of girls, and clear evidence of a mid childhood spurt in calf girth of boys. The Iowa City measures confirm the finding for standing height, but not that for calf girth. Other instances of agreement and discrepancy regarding a mid-childhood spurt are discussed, and additional relevant findings presented. The author joins Tanner and Cameron (1980) in recognizing the difficulties of reducing measurement and statistical error sufficiently to accept or reject the occurrence of mid-childhood somatic spurts. PMID- 7294724 TI - Consanguinity, fecundity and post-natal mortality in Karnataka, South India. AB - The degree of consanguinity of the progeny, the number of live-borns and number of living children were determined in 3350 marriages in Bangalore, Karnataka. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) was 0-02308, higher than in comparable, urban populations in other South Indian states. No significant differences were found between the consanguineous and nonconsanguineous groups in numbers of live-born or living children nor was there any consanguinity-related trend with respect to these parameters. PMID- 7294726 TI - Lactose absorption in a Western Massim population. AB - A sample of adults from Goodenough Island represents the first Austronesian- speaking series to be tested for lactose absorption. The results found were similar to those for non-Austronesian-speakers tested on the nearby mainland of Papua New Guinea. It is not yet possible to conclude whether the polymorphism, so unexpectedly present in populations with no history of milk utilization, is an example of founder effect or whether it is kept in existence by selection. The common ancestors probably present in this and one previous series suggest that recent founder effect may be important. PMID- 7294727 TI - Intensive evaluation of referred unclassified neuropathies yields improved diagnosis. AB - Intensive evaluation of 205 cases of undiagnosed neuropathy in a center with special approaches and facilities permitted classification of 76% of the patients. Inherited disorders accounted for 42% of the series, 21% of the patients were shown to have inflammatory-demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and 13% had neuropathies associated with other disorders. A considerable improvement in diagnosis was possible from evaluation of the kin of the patients with undiagnosed neuropathy. Analysis of the frequency and type of various sensory symptoms also was helpful in distinguishing between acquired and inherited neuropathies. PMID- 7294728 TI - Physiological observations in the median nerve during carpal tunnel surgery. PMID- 7294729 TI - Emery-dreifuss humeroperoneal muscular dystrophy: an x-linked myopathy with unusual contractures and bradycardia. AB - Clinical, electromyographic, and muscle biopsy findings in the two largest known families with Emery-Dreifuss humeroperoneal muscular dystrophy indicate that this is an X-linked recessive muscle disease with stereotyped clinical manifestations but with variable pathological and electromyographic characteristics. Elbow contractures, involvement of humeral muscles, hyporeflexia, and abnormal electrocardiograms are present in our patients. The disorder is associated with a potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that should be managed by pacemaker insertion. The skeletal muscle disease is slowly progressive and is usually not life threatening. Muscle biopsy commonly shows type I fiber atrophy. Electromyography usually indicates myopathy, though the classic findings of myopathy may not be present in every muscle. PMID- 7294730 TI - Newborn brain weight in relation to maturity, sex, and race. AB - Fresh brain weight, gestational age, body weight, sex, and race were collected from autopsy records of 782 newborns over a 10-year period. The brain weight of the mature newborn does not differ between males and females or between white and black infants. For the premature, however, brain weight is heavier in white males than in black males and in white females than in black females. These differences are similar to those found for adults in our previous studies, and they correspond to differences in gestational age and body weight in the subgroups. The differences in brain weight between races are best explained on the basis of environmental factors. PMID- 7294731 TI - Effect of L-glutamine and isoniazid on torticollis and segmental dystonia. AB - Fourteen patients with spasmodic torticollis and other segmental dystonic syndromes, who were refractory to previous forms of therapy, were selected for treatment with drugs intended to elevate brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. These patients were simultaneously given diazepam, isoniazid, pyridoxine, and large doses of L-glutamine. Involuntary spasmodic activity improved to varying degrees in 7 patients; in 2 the dyskinesia became worse. Transient alteration of renal or hepatic function occurred in 6 patients and mild euphoria unrelated to neurological improvement in 8. Two patients are still being treated. Deficiency of GABA may be a factor in some patients with these disorders. PMID- 7294732 TI - 20,25-diazacholesterol myotonia: an electrophysiological study. AB - The electrophysiological characteristics of the myotonic syndrome produced in mammalian skeletal muscle by administration of 20,25-diazacholesterol (20,25-D) were studied in detail. In vivo electromyographic recordings confirmed widespread repetitive electrical activity, but delayed relaxation was evanescent and required isotonic rather than isometric conditions, with long recovery periods between stimuli, for clear demonstration. Subsequent administration of a potent inhibitor of membrane chloride conductance (GCl) induced profound delays in relaxation different from that after chronic 20,25-D alone. Intracellular passive cable analysis revealed only a small decrease in membrane GCl and none in potassium conductance. Potassium current-voltage relationships did not differ in control and treated animals. Intracellular microelectrode recordings consistently showed multiple driven action potentials during long depolarizations but no spontaneous myotonic discharges after cessation of the stimulus. Variations in temperature, buffer, and external ionic concentrations also failed to produce spontaneous activity. Anode break excitation under mild depolarizing conditions, however, did elicit repetitive membrane electrical activity. The myotonia induced by 20,25-D is not due to low membrane GCl. The relationship between delayed mechanical relaxation and membrane repetitive electrical activity remains to be clearly established in this myotonic syndrome. PMID- 7294733 TI - Extraneural metastases in childhood brain tumors. AB - Although extraneural metastases are known to occur with primary tumors of the central nervous system, they are considered a rarity. Large autopsy series have placed the frequency at 0.4 to 0.5%. At the Roswell Park Memorial Institute, 36 children with brain tumors have been treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in the past 12 years. We recently reviewed the autopsies obtained on 15 of these children and found that 4 (26%) had extraneural metastases. An additional child, who was not autopsied, had extraneural extension diagnosed during life. This inordinately high incidence of metastases outside the nervous system in children with aggressively treated brain tumors raises questions about their cause. The prolonged survival of these patients may have allowed growth of sufficient generations of extracranial metastatic cells for the extraneural disease to become clinically significant. Another possibility is that chemotherapy may alter the patients' immune system and thus promote extracranial tumor growth. As larger numbers of childhood brain tumors are managed with multimodality therapy, it may be possible to evaluate the extent to which treatment allows intracranial neoplasms to spread outside the nervous system. PMID- 7294734 TI - Vitamin E deficiency in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. AB - Vitamin E levels were measured in the plasma of infants and children with various neuromuscular disorders. Seven of 8 infants with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease (WHD) had a significantly lower plasma vitamin E level (p less than 0.01) than age matched normal controls, children with congenital myopathies, or children with muscular dystrophy. Vitamin E deficiency in WHD is not caused by malabsorption. A therapeutic trial of vitamin E in 3 patients with WHD did not change the natural course of the disease. Vitamin E deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of WHD. PMID- 7294735 TI - Computerized tomography in subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh disease). PMID- 7294736 TI - Myeloma protein synthesis within the CNS by plasma cell tumors. PMID- 7294737 TI - Local panhypertrophy. PMID- 7294738 TI - Mechanism of tonic pupil. PMID- 7294739 TI - Reflex cardiac arrest presenting as epilepsy. PMID- 7294740 TI - Distribution of some genetic traits in three populations from Punjab, North India. AB - Three population groups, viz. Jat Sikh (192), Khatri (105) and Balmiki (108) were screened for haptoglobins, transferrins, Australia antigen, antigen Dd-reactivity and the ABO blood groups. The frequencies in Jat Sikhs, Khatris and Balmikis were 0.232, 0.186 and 0.140 respectively for Hp1 allele, 0.52%, 0.95% and 1.85% for Australia antigen, and 17.30%, 21.90% and 19.44% for antibodies against antigen Dd. The transferrins were all of type Tf C. The frequencies for the alleles A, B and O of the ABO system were 0.216, 0.239 and 0.545 in Jat Sikhs, 0.238, 0.320 and 0.442 in Khatris, and 0.196, 0.274 and 0.530 in Balmikis. Our tests showed these populations to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. PMID- 7294741 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma. Introduction. PMID- 7294742 TI - The epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 7294743 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in Kenya: a retrospective clinicopathological study. PMID- 7294744 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: clinical features, experience in Uganda. AB - In Uganda, Kaposi's sarcoma is predominantly a disease of the male African with a male:female ratio of 13:1. It is a multifocal disease and all parts of the body may be involved. When confined to the skin in the form of nodular tumour, it runs a slow 'benign' course. The florid, the visceral and bone lesions in adults and lymphadenopathy in children are malignant lesions. The three histological types are useful in determining prognosis and choosing drugs for treatment. A change from benign to malignant forms is associated with loss of cellular immunological status of the host. PMID- 7294745 TI - Role of surgery in the management of Kaposi's sarcoma in Lusaka Zambia. PMID- 7294746 TI - [Effect of aeration and agitation conditions on gentamycin biosynthesis]. AB - The study on the relation between the production of gentamicin and the conditions of aeration and agitation of the fermentation broth showed the advisability of the control of these parameters with respect to the maximum rate of the oxygen uptake. Possible scaling-up of the process of gentamicin biosynthesis was shown with the use of the expression: (formula: see text). PMID- 7294747 TI - [Effect of the quality of regenerated butanol on the process of producing the potassium salt of benzylpenicillin]. AB - The effect of water and butylacetate contained in butanol used in production of potassium benzylpenicillin on the yield and quality of the latter was studied. It was found that normal butyl alcohol with the moisture level not more than 0.2 per cent provided the optimal conditions for the antibiotic production. Butyl acetate contained in butanol in an amount of 25 per cent was shown also to have practically no effect on the yield and quality of benzylpenicillin. PMID- 7294748 TI - [Effect of the method of preserving actinomycetes in an isotonic sodium chloride solution on their cultural and morphological properties as well as on their antibiotic activity]. AB - The effect of storage of the organisms producing celicomycin and antibiotic 1321 in sodium chloride isotonic solution on their survival, cultural and morphological properties and antibiotic was studied. It was found that this method of the actinomycete storage did not induce any significant changes in the above features and had no effect on the survival of the cultures. The study showed the usefulness of the method with respect to the actinomycetes producing the above antibiotics. PMID- 7294749 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of the stichoposide A from the holothurian Stichopus japonicus S]. AB - The absorption spectrum of stichoposid A with sulfuric acid, vanillin and alkaline was studied for the purpose of possibly using the reactions with these substances for quantitative determination of stichoposid A in biological materials. The reaction with 1 N NaOH was shown to be the most useful since it is highly specific with respect to the glycoside aglycone and makes it possible to investigate stichoposid A interaction with the cells of the yeast microflora. PMID- 7294750 TI - [Antibiotic drug forms as solutions in ampules. Lincomycin hydrochloride for injections]. PMID- 7294751 TI - [Effect of the antibiotic granulation method on the quality of semisynthetic penicillin capsules (e.g., the sodium salt of dicloxacillin)]. AB - A procedure for dry granulation of antibiotics consisting in dry compacting of a powder-like composition followed by its grinding to granules was developed. The advantages of dicloxacyllin capsules manufactured by dry granulation over the capsules manufactured by moist granulation are shown with respect to the content of the light absorbing admixtures during the capsule manufacture and storage. The conditions for estimation of the antibiotic dissolution from the capsule were developed with the use of a "Rotating Basket" apparatus. Comparative evaluation of disintegration and dissolution of the capsules prepared by dry or moist granulation showed practical equivalence of both types of the capsules with respect to these characteristics. PMID- 7294752 TI - [Sisomicin pharmacokinetics in rat tissues in single and long-term administration]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sisomicin administered intramuscularly to rats in daily doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg for 30 days was studied. After a single administration of the drug in the above doses the highest and the lowest levels of sisomicin were observed in the kidney cortical layer and liver, respectively. The antibiotic level in the tissues rose with an increase in the antibiotic dose and duration of the drug use. The two-fold rise in the dose resulted in an elevation in the sisomicin level in the kidney cortical layer by 1.7 times, in the medullary layer by 3 times, and in the blood serum, lungs and spleen by 2.3, 1.2 and 1.5 times, respectively. After treatment with a dose of 25 mg/kg for 8 days the antibiotic level in all tissues studied was higher than that after the first administration of the drug: in the cortical and medullary layers of the kidneys by 5-7 times and in the blood serum and other tissues by 1.2-2 times. When sisomicin was used repeatedly in any dose, stabilization of or some decrease in the mean integral concentration of the antibiotic in the kidney cortical layer and a continuous increase of this value with respect to the medullary layer (up to the 30th day) were noted. The difference between the antibiotic levels in the kidney layers after the repeated administration of the drug was less pronounced than that after a single administration of the drug. The cumulation index of sisomicin in the kidney cortical layer persisted at the same level and that in the medullary layer gradually increased. In this connection it is concluded that correlation between the sisomicin nephrotoxic effect and the level of the antibiotic in the kidney cortical layer is more pronounced than that in the medullary layer. PMID- 7294753 TI - [Interferon-inducing and antiviral activity of levamisole]. AB - It was shown that levamisol administered orally to mice induced production of interferon with its maximum level in 4-6 hours and prolonged subsequent circulation in the host (the observation period of 5 days). Antiviral activity of levamisol in experimental forest-spring encephalitis was shown (protection of 35 40 per cent). When levamisol were used in combination with polyguacyl, an additive effect was recorded. PMID- 7294754 TI - [Structural changes in renal tissue in experimental staphylococcal septicopyemia]. AB - The structure of the kidney tissue in mice with staphylococcal septicopyemia due to intraperitoneal introduction of Staph. aureus in various doses was studied. It was found that the level of acute purulent inflammation in the kidney tissue was different depending on the site of the affection: the purulent component predominated in the cortical layer, while the necrotic component in the medullary layer and papillae. The most gross changes in the glomerular filter developed in the presence of a swarm of staphylococci and deposition of electron-dense material in the basal capillary layers. It is noted that the study on the ultrastructural changes in the kidney tissue makes it possible to use them for estimation of highly active antibacterial agents. PMID- 7294755 TI - [Pharmacokinetic characteristics of streptomycin and isoniazid administered in ultrasonic aerosols to patients with respiratory organ tuberculosis]. AB - The study on the pharmacokinetics of streptomycin and isoniazid (2012 assays of the concentration) in resected lung tissue and blood specimens from patients with respiratory tuberculosis treated with ultrasound inhalations of the drugs showed that their concentrations in the lungs were high and persisted at the minimum bacteriostatic level for 48 hours. Comparison of the drug levels in the lung tissue with those in the blood revealed correlation between the characteristics. It was most pronounced in 3 and 24 hours (the correlation coefficient ranged within 0.50-0.56). The moderate direct linear relation within the above period allowed one to perform preliminary theoretical estimation of the drug concentrations in the lung tissue using the regression equation and the values of the drug blood levels. The clinical trials (52 cases) showed coincidence of the theoretical estimation with the empirical findings. Therefore, the data of the study are of a practical value and may be used for correction of the therapy with streptomycin and isoniazid ultrasound inhalations, especially when Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to the drugs. PMID- 7294756 TI - [Effect of auxotrophic mutations on the bacitracin production level in Bacillus licheniformis]. AB - The bacitracin production levels in some auxotrophic mutants of a highly active strain 1001 and strain ATCC 10716 were studied. It was shown that auxotrophic mutations in the genomes of the above strains resulted in decreasing of bacitracin production. In double auxotrophic mutants the synthesis of bacitracin was sometimes at the level of the initial strain. It was found that various amino acids and bases added to the cultivation medium in concentrations of 1 to 10 mg/ml either increased or decreased the production of bacitracin. It is suggested that some amino acids may play the decisive role in the control of the bacitracin synthesis. PMID- 7294757 TI - [Optimization of the nutrient medium composition for the biosynthesis of the antibiotic tobramycin using a mathematical experimental design method]. AB - The mathematical design of the experiment was used for optimization of the nutrient medium for biosynthesis of tobramycin by Streptomyces cremeus var. tobramycini. The use of the orthogonal Latin rectangles provided development of the fermentation medium composition and definition of the optimal concentration of its ingredients. The level of tobramycin production on this medium was 2 times higher than that on the initial one. PMID- 7294758 TI - [Novobiocin adsorption on active charcoal]. AB - Adsorption of novobiocin from organic solutions with active carbons A and B was studied. It was found that the adsorption level depended on the nature of the organic solvent and markedly increased when active carbon A was replaced by active carbon B. Active carbon A was used for purification of the novobiocin acetone extracts from the admixtures. It was shown that the adsorption level of sodium novobiocin from water-acetone solutions was defined by the binary medium composition. PMID- 7294759 TI - [Mathematical model of zone formation taking into account the inactivation of polyene antibiotics diffusing into an inoculated gel]. AB - The procedure for investigation of the inhibition growth zone formation on diffusion of polyenic antibiotics into inoculated gel is presented. The model of strong inactivation is applicable when the drug inactivation is significant during the period of the zone formation and not only during the period of the 2 fold increasing of the number of the test microbe cells. The experimental study on the passive inactivation of polyenic antibiotics, such as levorin, amphotericin B, mycoheptin and nystatin showed that during the period of the zone formation the first 2 antibiotics were inactivated to such a level that their passive inactivation could be considered strong. A case of drug active inactivation with the test microbe cells is discussed. An equation for the specific period of the zone formation with respect to this particular case of the drug strong inactivation was developed. The parameters of the active inactivation were estimated. The results for levorin are in good agreement with some of its physico-chemical properties, i. e. poor solubility and mycella formation. PMID- 7294760 TI - [Comparative antibiotic sensitivity characteristics of the staphylococci isolated from ambulatory and hospitalized patients]. AB - Sensitivity of staphylococci isolated from the pathological material of outpatients with purulent inflammatory infections and inpatients was studied with respect to 10 antibiotics. The agar diffusion method with standard paper discs impregnated with the antibiotics was used. It was shown that the majority of the staphylococcal cultures isolated from the outpatients was sensitive to the aminoglycoside antibiotics: neomycin 89.7 per cent, monomycin 87.3 per cent and kanamycin 82.9 per cent. The sensitivity of the isolates to benzylpenicillin, levomycetin, erythromycin and oleandomycin was lower and amounted to 63.5, 64.6, 66 and 69 per cent respectively. The sensitivity of the cultures isolated from the inpatients to benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, oleandomycin and levomycetin amounted to 43.4, 45.5, and 49.5 and 53.3 per cent respectively. The comparative study on the antibiotic resistance pattern showed that more than a half of the cultures isolated from the inpatients were polyresistant (resistance to 4--10 antibiotics). The number of such cultures isolated from the outpatients amounted to 32.8 per cent. Cultures sensitive to all of the antibiotics tested and resistant to 1, 2 or 3 of them predominated in this group of the isolates. PMID- 7294761 TI - [Changes in the state of plasma membrane proteins of tumor cells exposed to a polyene antibiotic and cyclophosphamide]. AB - The fractional composition of the proteins of the plasmatic membranes of the Ehrlich's tumor cells treated with various drugs was studied with the use of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. It was shown that the character of the changes in the fractional composition of the plasmatic membrane proteins under the effect of levorin and cyclophosphamide was different. When the drugs were used in combination, summation of the changes induced by every drug alone was observed. Possible causes of the changes in the fractional composition of the membrane proteins are discussed. PMID- 7294762 TI - [Penicillin and streptomycin penetration into tissue by a modified electrophoretic method]. AB - A total of 377 experiments with healthy rabbits of the same species, age, weight and sex were performed with the use of the galvanization apparatus "Potok-1". The penetration levels of penicillin and streptomycin into the tissues, i.e. the skin, muscles and bone after their administration with the modified method of electrophoresis were determined. It was found that the tissue levels of the antibiotics administered with the modified method of electrophoresis increased with an increase in the current density, the procedure time and the antibiotic concentrations. The levels of penicillin and streptomycin in the skin, muscles and bones on administration with the modified method of electrophoresis were higher than those on administration of the antibiotics with the routine method of electrophoresis. The higher the time of the material storage in a refrigerator, the lower the penicillin level in the tissues. PMID- 7294763 TI - [Tetracycline penetration into tissue by modified electro- and phonophoretic methods]. AB - A total of 451 experiments (130 with the method of electrophoresis and 321 with the method of phonophoresis) were performed on healthy rabbits of the same species, age, weight and sex with the use of the galvanization apparatus "Potok 1" and ultrasound therapeutic apparatus "VTP-1". The penetration levels of tetracycline into the tissues after its administration with the modified methods of electro- and phonophoresis were determined. The dependence of the process on the current density, ultrasound intensity, time and antibiotic concentration was studied. The efficacy of the routine electro- and phonophoresis methods was compared with that of the modified ones. It was found that the tissue levels of tetracycline administered with the modified methods of electro- and phonophoresis increased with an increase in the current density or ultrasound intensity, the procedure time and antibiotic concentration. When tetracycline was administered with the modified method of electrophoresis its levels were highest in the skin, lower in the muscles and minimum in the bones. With the use of the modified method of phonophoresis the highest levels were in the skin, the lowest in the bones and the minimum in the muscles. The tissue levels of tetracycline administered with the modified methods of electro- and phonophoresis were higher than those obtained with the routine methods of electro- and phonophoresis. PMID- 7294764 TI - Altered penicillin-binding proteins in methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of a methicillin-resistant (MR) and a methicillin-susceptible (MS) Staphylococcus aureus were compared by various approaches involving the use of high-specific-activity [3H]penicillin as a reagent. The MR and MS strains were found to contain PBPs of the same number and electrophoretic mobilities. However, saturation of PBPs 1, 2, and 3 by methicillin in the MR strain required the use of several thousands of micrograms of antibiotic per milliliter, whereas 0.2 to 0.4 micrograms of methicillin per ml was sufficient to effectively compete with [3H]penicillin for the PBPs for the MS strain. Additional experiments indicate that these differences most likely reflect a greatly decreased affinity of the PBPs of the MR strain as compared to those of the MS strain. Shift of the pH of the culture medium of the MR strain from pH 7.0 to 5.2 resulted in an immediate drop in phenotypic resistance to methicillin (from a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 3,200 micrograms/ml at pH 7.0 to 0.8 microgram/ml at pH 5.2). Examination of the methicillin affinities of PBPs in MR bacteria grown at pH 5.2 showed the presence of the same low-affinity PBPs as in bacteria grown at pH 7.0. Thus, the pH-dependent resensitization to methicillin cannot be explained by a parallel increase in the antibiotic affinities of the PBPs. PMID- 7294765 TI - Liquid chromatographic assay for metronidazole and tinidazole: pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies in human subjects. AB - We developed methods for measuring metronidazole, its two major metabolites, and tinidazole in serum and urine. After treatment of each sample with an equal volume of 5% perchloric acid, the drugs were separated by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (retention times, 6 to 18 min). Quantitation was based on spectrometry at 320 nm. These assays were sensitive, rapid, and specific, and recoveries from biological samples were quantitative. Metronidazole and tinidazole were given as rapid intravenous infusions to four healthy human volunteers. The biological half-lives of these two compounds were 5.4 and 11.1 h, respectively. The hydroxy metabolite of metronidazole appeared quickly in serum and was eliminated at a slow rate. The acetic acid metabolite of metronidazole was detected in serum at very low levels and only for a limited time. No metabolic products of tinidazole were found in serum samples. In urine, 43.7% of the administered dose of metronidazole was recovered over a period of 24 h (24.1% of the dose as the hydroxy metabolite, 12.0% as the acetic acid metabolite, and 7.6% as unchanged drug). Only 18.4% of the infused dose of tinidazole was eliminated in urine over a period of 72 h, and no metabolic products were detected. PMID- 7294766 TI - Intrarenal concentrations of ampicillin in acute pyelonephritis. AB - The intracortical, medullary, and papillary distribution of ampicillin was studied in normal and pyelonephritic rats. At 4 days after induction of pyelonephritis, the animals were given a single injection of 100 mg of ampicillin per kg or were treated for 1 week with two daily doses of 100 mg/kg. Major differences in the intrarenal distribution of ampicillin were noted between normal and pyelonephritic animals. At 2 hours after injection, the concentrations of ampicillin in all parts of the infected kidneys were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than in normal kidneys. The area under the curve (micrograms.minute per milliliter) over a 4-h period after single injection was much lower in the medulla (6.3 +/- 0.9) and papilla (29.6 +/- 4.2) of infected kidneys than in the medulla (11.2 +/- 1.6) and papilla (44 +/- 10.1) of noninfected kidneys. Whereas the ratio of concentration in tissue to concentration in serum ranged to 11.1 in the papilla of normal animals, this ratio was reduced to 2.4 in the presence of pyelonephritis. The diminution of the concentration gradient was also striking in the urine, where there was a reduction of more than threefold in pyelonephritic animals. One week of therapy resulted in a noticeable reduction of the inflammatory process associated with a return to near-normal intrarenal distribution of ampicillin. In normal rats treated with multiple doses, there were decreases of the antibiotic concentrations in serum and kidneys and in the area under the curve for these tissues. PMID- 7294767 TI - Transmissible plasmids from Campylobacter jejuni. AB - Tetracycline resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni was shown to be plasmid mediated. Intra- and interspecies transfers to C. fetus subsp. fetus were demonstrated. The frequency of transfer was increased by approximately 100 fold on a solid surface by using a plate- or filter-mating procedure, as compared with a liquid-mating method. Results of experiments in which cell-free filtrates were used to replace the donor strain in mating experiments tend to rule out bacteriophage-mediated transduction in the transfer of tetracycline resistance. The plasmid-transfer frequency was not affected when deoxyribonuclease was added to the agar used in the mating experiments, indicating that transformation was not involved. Four transmissible plasmids from different tetracycline-resistant strains of C. jejuni each had a molecular weight of 38 x 10(6). Transfer of these plasmids to Escherichia coli was not demonstrated. PMID- 7294768 TI - Methicillin distribution in serum and extravascular fluid and its relevance to normal and damaged heart valves. AB - We evaluated the distribution of methicillin into normal and damaged heart valves and the accuracy with which subcutaneous plastic chambers reflected tissue uptake of this antibiotic. A total of 24 male New Zealand rabbits were given constant infusion doses of methicillin through central venous catheters. Five of these animals had their aortic and mitral valves damaged by catheterization of the left ventricle. A total of 19 rabbits had perforated plastic chambers inserted subcutaneously 7 to 10 days before methicillin infusion. In all animals more than 80% of the total infused dose of methicillin was accounted for in the serum, urine, and tissues. In the 12 animals infused to steady state (less than 7 h), the steady-state serum concentrations (11 to 120 micrograms/ml) were equal to the concentrations attained in either peritoneal or tissue chamber fluids. In the 12 animals sacrificed before 7 h, tissue chamber concentrations lagged behind serum and heart tissue concentrations in attaining steady state. Steady-state concentrations in normal heart valves and heart muscles failed to increase proportionally to increased constant infusion doses (8.7 to 87.2 mg/kg per h). The steady-state methicillin concentrations in fibrin-scarred heart valves were invariably higher than the steady-state concentrations in the normal right heart of the same animals (P less than 0.05). Tissue uptake of methicillin was altered in scarred heart valves as compared to normal heart valves, and large-volume subcutaneous tissue chambers misrepresented the uptake rate of methicillin into heart tissues and valves. PMID- 7294769 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in osseous tissue. AB - The ability of cefamandole to cross osseous capillary membranes and its concentrations in interstitial fluid spaces are studied in canine cortical bone. Extraction studies were performed by using indicator dilution techniques and demonstrated that cefamandole readily traversed osseous capillary membranes. Volume-of-distribution studies demonstrated that cefamandole was distributed in the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces of cortical bone. There was a direct correlation between the calculated concentrations of cefamandole in the interstitial fluid spaces of bone and the simultaneous serum levels determined by bioassay in animals in which a steady-state equilibrium had been achieved. This suggests that the less expensive and more readily available serum bioassay technique is more useful than bone bioassays in monitoring the osseous concentrations of cefamandole. PMID- 7294770 TI - Comparative nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and tobramycin: pharmacokinetic and clinical studies in 201 patients. AB - A total of 201 critically ill patients were studied during 267 courses of gentamicin or tobramycin treatment (139 gentamicin courses and 128 tobramycin courses). Of these 267 courses, pharmacokinetic and clinical data were obtained for 240 (120 gentamicin and 120 tobramycin). The data collected for pharmacokinetic analysis included measurements of serial blood and urine levels, urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin, protein levels, and granular casts. A two-compartment model was used to assess tissue accumulation, and in 89 courses the predicted accumulation was confirmed by cumulative urine collection or postmortem tissue analysis. As groups, the patients given gentamicin and tobramycin did not differ in age, weight, creatine clearance, total dose given, duration of treatment, initial aminoglycoside through serum levels, number of dosage adjustments, concurrent use of furosemide, or concurrent cephalosporins. Previous aminoglycoside treatment (usually gentamicin) had occurred more frequently in the tobramycin treated patients (P less than 0.01), and more males than females received tobramycin (P less than 0.05). Pharmacokinetic assessments of renal damage were based on both changes in glomerular filtration rate (serum creatinine levels, creatinine clearance) and renal tubular damage (beta 2 microglobin, casts), but only patients with elevated aminoglycoside tissue levels leading to renal tubular damage and subsequent creatinine clearance decreases were considered to have experienced aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. In the pharmacokinetic analysis of nephrotoxicity, 29 gentamicin courses (24%) and 12 tobramycin courses (10%) were complicated by nephrotoxicity (P less than 0.01). The 201 study patients were also evaluated independently for clinical nephrotoxicity (defined as a serum creatinine level increase of 0.5 mg/dl or more). Clinical nephrotoxicity occurred at rates of 37% in the gentamicin-treated group and 22% in the tobramycin-treated group (P less than 0.02). In these similar groups of critically ill patients, tobramycin was less nephrotic than gentamicin. PMID- 7294771 TI - Evaluation of a new latex agglutination inhibition card test for determining serum gentamicin levels. AB - A new latex agglutination inhibition card test was compared with a microbiological method and radioimmunoassay for determining serum gentamicin levels. When 60 sera, each containing a known concentration of gentamicin, were analyzed by the microbiological method and by radioimmunoassay, both methods were found to yield accurate and precise results. Analysis of the same 60 sera with the latex agglutination inhibition card test revealed significant variability over a wide range of serum gentamicin concentrations. PMID- 7294773 TI - Visual phenomena evoked by electrical stimulation of the human brain stem. AB - 19 visual effects have been elicited out of 9,383 sites during stimulation mapping for physiological localization during stereotactic surgery. It is proposed that three visual pathways can be recognized during subcortical electrical stimulation in man. The optic tract and geniculocalcarine pathway, projecting to area 17, are recognizable by the production of contralateral coloured phosphenes. The tectopulvinar pathway projecting to areas 18 and 19 is recognizable by the eliciting of contralateral or bilateral colourless phosphenes or 'negative' visual effects, the latter presumably reflecting inhibitory collicular influences. Finally, deep responses, consisting of apparent movement of the visual fields, intermingled with 'negative' visual and oculomotor effects, suggest activation of a visual-oculomotor coordinating system. PMID- 7294772 TI - Long-term follow-up study after pulvinotomy for intractable pain. AB - Pulvinotomy was performed on 42 cases with intractable pain. 19 cases survived for more than 1 year, the results were classified as follows: 4 were excellent, 4 good, 5 fair, and 4 were poor. The effects of the operation are discussed based on the disease. 2 cases, who survived for more than 1 year, suffered from the pain due to infiltration or metastasis of cancer, they died 22 and 14 months after the operation, respectively, but they had no intractable pain during the year before death. 14 cases who underwent CVD survived for more than 1 year. Results of the operation were as follows: 3 were excellent; 4 good, 4 fair, and 4 were poor. These cases were followed up for 3-10 years and the average was about 5 years. After more than 1 year, 2 cases with atypical facial pain were considered as being either fair or poor, one (fair case) of whom still does routine housework and is not drug dependent. A case of causalgia has been free from pain for 5 years after the operation. PMID- 7294774 TI - Experimental pain and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at high frequency. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at high frequency and high intensity caused human pain threshold elevation for thermal stimuli only when thermal stimuli were applied at a site distal to the TENS electrodes. High frequency TENS applied over the belly of m. biceps brachii did not cause a marked misestimation of elbow angle at any of the TENS intensities used. It is concluded that pain threshold elevation during high-frequency TENS is due to peripheral electrogenic blockade or fatigue of pain-mediating fibers. A minor effect of TENS on kinesthesia suggests a minor role of muscle afferents in mediating the effects of high-frequency TENS. PMID- 7294775 TI - Effect of continuous vibration on sural nerve action potentials. AB - The effects of continuous vibration on sural nerve action potentials were investigated in 15 subjects. The results show that continuous vibration applied to the sural nerve innervated skin area produces an amplitude reduction of the sural nerve action potentials on both painless and painful stimulation conditions. This amplitude decrease is attributed to an impulse blockage of the large diameter afferent nerve fibers. PMID- 7294776 TI - Cephalic and noncephalic references in brain stem-evoked potential recording. AB - 55 controls were studied to investigate the morphology of brain stem evoked potential, utilizing variable electrode arrays. In a first series the active electrodes placed at Cz and subocciput (SO) were referred to the linked earlobes. In a further 15 recording sessions, Cz, SO and A1A2 were connected to a noncephalic (hand) electrode. In the former array there was a reversed and depressed Vth wave in 95% of the cases at SO, while in the latter the peaks were phase and time-locked at all the recording sites coupled to a depressed IV-V complex from SO and A1A2 in respect to Cz. PMID- 7294777 TI - Possible modes of action of extradural electrical stimulation on the spinal cord. AB - Analysis of the actions of electric currents on excitable membranes has contributed greatly to our biophysical understanding of the initiation and transmission of impulses in nerve and muscle. The use of electrical stimulation in trying to unravel the complex structure and to understand the integrative properties of the central nervous system (CNS), however, raises problems of a different order. This is true of the application of electrical stimuli to mixed populations of axons in peripheral nerves in attempts to discover the central actions of inputs from the different receptive fields, from skin, for example, or muscle or joint. But the most complex problems of all are those raised by the application of electrical stimuli to the CNS itself, whether to try to find out how it works, or to try to relieve a patient's disabilities. We would like to be able to specify, for any particular configuration of external electrodes, which populations of neurones and axons will be excited by virtue of appropriate orientation with respect to lines of current flowing cathodally within the non isotropic conducting medium of the CNS. We would also like to know the quantities and locations of the brief excitatory and inhibitory synaptic actions, and the longer-term 'modulating' actions, which they exert at nearby and remote areas of the brain and spinal cord. In man, much could be accomplished by attentive neurological examinations, comparing sensory, motor and autonomic functions in the presence and absence of chronic stimulation, and correlating particular physiological effects with alterations of particular symptoms. Such examination would invoke all the technical resources of clinical neurophysiology. Direct evidence of the stimulation of particular spinal pathways and neurones, and of the distribution of remote excitatory and inhibitory effects, could be obtained only by multiple electrical recordings from brain and cord in animal experiments. PMID- 7294778 TI - Hypothetical role of long-loop reflex pathways. AB - It is nowadays well known that there are reflex loops starting in the spinal cord, relaying in various supraspinal structures and descending back to the cord. These long-loops regulate motor responses and work in cooperation with segmental mono- and polysynaptic reflexes. The role of certain well-documented long-loop reflexes is reviewed. The existence of additional long-loop reflexes is hypothesized and preliminary results supporting this view are presented. In discussing the mode of action of spinal cord stimulation, the various ascending and descending pathways involved in long-loop regulation of motricity are to be taken into account. PMID- 7294779 TI - Physiology of motor control in man. AB - The physiology of motor control is considered in hierarchical terms. In that way it is possible to gain insight into the complex superimposed systems of motor control. In the execution of a voluntary movement the neural machinery is called into operation at all of the hierarchical levels: (1) the motor unit; (2) spinal reflex mechanisms; (3) brain stem mechanisms; (4) cerebellar vermis controls; cerebrocerebellar controls, (5) via the pars intermedia and (6) via the cerebellar hemispheres and also of the basal ganglia. At level 6 there is design for reverberatory loop operation within the association cortex and with the subcortical structures, which gives opportunity for preprogramming movements by motor memories. This is especially important for ballistic movements that are too fast for updating by feedback from the periphery. Reverberatory loop operation both within the neocortex and with cortico-subcortical circuits presumably is occurring during the readiness potential preceding a voluntary movement. PMID- 7294780 TI - Quantitative procedure for enumeration of bifidobacteria. AB - A membrane filter technique has been developed for the enumeration of bifidobacteria in natural aquatic environments. The technique is quantitative, selective, and differential. The medium (YN-6) contains: yeast extract, 2.0 g; agar, 1.5 g; polypeptone peptone, 1.0 g; vitamin-free Casamino Acids, 0.8 g; sodium chloride, 0.32 g; and L-cysteine hydrochloride, 0.003 g; in 100 ml of deionized water. The medium is adjusted to pH 7.0 before autoclaving. Nalidixic acid (80 micrograms/ml), neomycin sulfate (2.5 micrograms/ml), and bromcresol green (300 micrograms/ml) are included as selective and differential agents. After incubation for 48 h at 37 degrees C in an anaerobic environment, Gram stained smears from green, glistening, smooth entire colonies are examined microscopically for typical bifidobacterial morphology. No significant difference in recoveries was observed when YN-6 was compared with reinforced clostridial agar, using bifidobacteria freshly isolated from feces and raw sewage. Using this technique with aquatic and fecal samples, less than 9% false-positive and 8% false-negative isolates were observed. These results indicated that the medium was able to satisfactorily recover organisms from a variety of situations. PMID- 7294781 TI - Assessment of bifidobacteria as indicators of human fecal pollution. AB - The distribution of bifidobacteria in the environment has been examined by using YN-6 medium. Although feces of humans, chickens, cows, dogs, pigs, horses, cats, sheep, beavers, goats, and turkeys were examined, bifidobacteria were isolated only from the feces of humans and swine. The frequency and distribution of component species of human fecal isolates were as in isolates from raw sewage. Bifidobacterium longum and B. adolescentis were most often isolated and in the highest densities. The levels of bifidobacteria in raw sewage were in the range of 10(6) organisms/100 ml, and the effect of primary and secondary sewage treatment on the number of viable organisms present was not significant. High densities of bifidobacteria were found in all samples from septic tanks. It was found that bifidobacteria did not survive as well as Escherichia coli in either fresh or marine waters. The ratio of bifidobacteria to E. coli is an indication of the age and of the effectiveness of treatment of sewage effluent. PMID- 7294782 TI - Persistence and distribution of pollution indicator bacteria on land used for disposal of piggery effluent. AB - Numbers of pollution indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci) were assessed on land to which effluent from intensively housed pigs had been applied. Topsoil (to a 30-mm depth) was found to provide a more favorable environment for fecal coliform persistence than was pasture or subsoil. Times required for a 90% reduction in number (T90) in topsoil (calculated by linear regression of log counts obtained in a 6-week period after effluent application) ranged from 7 to 20 days (mean T90, 11 days). T90 values for fecal coliforms fell within this range irrespective of the season of application and for a number of soil types and climatic conditions. The range in die-off times was encountered irrespective of the fecal coliform count in the applied effluent or the application regimen (125 to 1,000 kg of elemental nitrogen in the form of effluent per ha; return periods, 3 to 12 months). Autumn and winter conditions were conducive to the persistence of a survivor tail of these bacteria at 10(1) to 10(3) cells per g of topsoil. Fecal streptococci survived similarly on soil and pasture (T90, ca. 14 days) and appeared slightly more suited to survival in the environment than did fecal coliforms. Contamination of subsoils after effluent applications occurred at a rate well in excess of the infiltration capacity of the soil, presumably by percolation of the effluent through soil cracks. Contamination levels of subsoils in the experimental area generally remained low. PMID- 7294783 TI - Microbial formation of secondary and tertiary amines in municipal sewage. AB - Dimethylamine was formed in municipal sewage that was amended with creatinine, and trimethylamine was formed from choline or phosphatidylcholine. The maximum level of product that accumulated was equivalent to 0.13, 0.096, and 6.7% by weight, respectively, of the added chemicals. No dimethylamine or trimethylamine was detected in sewage amended with betaine, and no dimethylamine was found in sewage that was amended with methylamine and methionine. PMID- 7294784 TI - Inactivation and injury of Yersinia enterocolitica by radiation and freezing. AB - Cell inactivation and cell injury by irradiation and freezing of the potentially enteropathogenic, food-borne gram-negative rod Yersinia enterocolitica strain WA was investigated. The radiation dose necessary to kill 90% of the initial population, i.e., one D-value, was 10.0, 14,3, and 24.0 krad when irradiation was carried out at 2 to 0, -18, and -75 degrees C, respectively. On the other hand, cell injury, i.e., inability to form colonies in agar containing 2.5% NaCl, was 32, 42 and 54% when cells were irradiated to one D-value at 2 to 0, -18, and -75 degrees C, respectively. Freezing alone (without irradiation) at -18 and -75 degrees C for 1 h resulted in 7 and 42% cell inactivation and 55 and 83% cell injury, respectively. These data show that given the same extent of cell inactivation, freezing caused substantially greater cell injury than radiation. For purposes of radiation sterilization, doses of 100 and 150 krad would be sufficient to inactivate 10 log cycles of Y. enterocolitica strain WA if irradiated at 2 to 0 and -18 degrees C, respectively. Presence of 2.5% NaCl may result in a further 50% reduction of the dose required to achieve sterility. PMID- 7294785 TI - Sediment bacterial indicators in an urban shellfishing subestuary of the lower Chesapeake Bay. AB - The objectives of this study were to document the spatial and temporal distributions and compositions of bacteria in the sediments and overlying waters of an important urban shellfishing area in the lower Chesapeake Bay region, the Lynnhaven Estuary. Marked fluctuations were observed in the date of many of the physicochemical parameters and the indicator bacteria. The higher-salinity water and coarser sediment of the inlet site showed lower overall bacterial densities than did the headwater sites, where freshwater runoff and decreased tidal action were characteristic. Densities of benthic indicator bacteria, when expressed on a volumetric basis, were significantly greater than counts in the overlying waters. These counts were indicative of a fecally polluted system and were well above the safe maximum limits for shellfish-growing waters. Significantly fewer total and fecal bacteria were observed in both the water and the sediment during the warm months of May, July, and August. The primary sources of the Lynnhaven's bacterial pollution appeared to be typical of urban and agricultural runoff, although failure of septic tank systems was suspected as a problem in the Lynnhaven's western branch. These results illustrated that sediments in shellfishing areas could serve as a reservoir for high densities of indicator bacteria and that, potentially, pathogens could pose a health hazard. PMID- 7294786 TI - Isolation and characterization of two new trichothecenes from Fusarium sporotrichioides strain M-1-1. AB - Two new trichothecenes were isolated along with T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and HT-2 toxin from the culture filtrate of Fusarium sporotrichioides strain M-1-1. The structures of the new toxins were characterized to be 4 beta, 8 alpha-diacetoxy 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-3 alpha, 15-diol (designated NT-1) and 4 beta-acetoxy 12,13-epoxy-trichothec-9-ene-3 alpha,8 alpha,15-triol (designated NT-2). PMID- 7294787 TI - Inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts by ultraviolet irradiation. AB - Giardia lamblia cysts were found to be resistant to high doses of germicidal ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 7294788 TI - Uptake of Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor from contaminated water by water hyacinth (eichornia crassipes). AB - Vibrio cholerae biotype eltor appears to concentrate on the surface of the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), thereby enhancing its survival and its potential for transmission through waterways of cholera-endemic regions such as Bangladesh. PMID- 7294789 TI - Hydroxamic acid from Histoplasma capsulatum that displays growth factor activity. AB - Growth factor(s) present in a spent liquid medium after culture of the yeast form of Histoplasma capsulatum enhanced both yeast and mycelial growth of nine isolates tested. Hydroxamic acid extracted from the culture fluid displayed growth factor activity. PMID- 7294790 TI - [Energy and health. Symposium]. PMID- 7294791 TI - [Technical aspects of risks connected with energy production]. PMID- 7294792 TI - Assessment of biological risks associated with nuclear power production. PMID- 7294793 TI - [Effects of air pollution on the respiratory tract in the adult. Results of an epidemiological study in the Netherlands]. PMID- 7294794 TI - [Health, pollution and energy problems in Belgium]. PMID- 7294795 TI - [Social costs of energy]. PMID- 7294796 TI - [Evaluation of the average lead and cadmium contents in the daily food supply in Belgium]. PMID- 7294798 TI - [Role and contribution of the Belgian forensic dentist in the identification of disaster victims in the light of experiences at the Los Alfaques catastrophe]. PMID- 7294797 TI - [Possibilities and contribution of odonto-stomatology in medico-legal identification]. PMID- 7294800 TI - Properties of a delta 5-fatty acyl-CoA desaturase in the cotyledons of developing Limnanthes alba. PMID- 7294799 TI - Functional inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase by L-2-amino-4-methoxy-trans-3-butenoic acid in isolated rat hepatocytes and mitochondria. PMID- 7294801 TI - Fusion competence of phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes quantitatively measured by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. PMID- 7294802 TI - Purification of NAD malic enzyme from potato and investigation of some physical and kinetic properties. PMID- 7294803 TI - Uncoupling of the substrate monooxygenation and reduced pyridine nucleotide oxidation activities of salicylate hydroxylase by flavins. PMID- 7294804 TI - Z protein: isolation and characterization of multiple forms in rat liver cytosol. PMID- 7294805 TI - Regulation of synthesis and intracellular translocation of delta-aminolevulinate synthase by heme and its relation to the heme saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase in rat liver. PMID- 7294806 TI - Conformational study of native and acid-dissociated states of porcine lutropin (pLH) by vacuum circular dichroism and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. PMID- 7294807 TI - Metabolism and compartmentation of endogenous fatty acids in aged mouse liver mitochondria. PMID- 7294808 TI - Enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in legume nodules: partial purification and properties of the aspartate aminotransferases from lupine nodules. PMID- 7294809 TI - Biochemical adaptation of mitochondria, muscle, and whole-animal respiration to endurance training. PMID- 7294810 TI - Synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol by chloroplasts from leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach). PMID- 7294811 TI - Extraction of chloroplast light effect mediator(s) and reconstitution of light activation of NADP-linked malate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7294812 TI - Purification and crystallization of rat liver fatty acid synthetase. PMID- 7294813 TI - Arginine, mitochondrial arginase, and the control of carbamyl phosphate synthesis. PMID- 7294814 TI - Adaptation of gel electrophoresis for the quantitative study of specific ion binding: interaction of phosphate with ovalbumin. PMID- 7294815 TI - Effects of maternal diabetes on the development of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in fetal rat liver. PMID- 7294818 TI - Effect of 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone on the secondary electron acceptor B of photosystem II. PMID- 7294817 TI - Effects of feeding and lighting stimuli on the synthesis of ornithine aminotransferase and serine dehydratase in rat liver. PMID- 7294816 TI - Differences in the pattern of attack of acidic, neutral, and basic phospholipase A2 of A. halys blomhofii on human erythrocyte membranes: problems in interpretation of phospholipid location. PMID- 7294820 TI - On the analysis of the temperature and viscosity dependence of fluorescence quenching reactions with proteins. PMID- 7294819 TI - Purification and characterization of the major sialoglycoproteins of the rat erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7294821 TI - Shift of the acetylenic hydrogen during chemical and enzymatic oxidation of the biphenylacetylene triple bond. PMID- 7294822 TI - Tryptophan metabolism and its interaction with gluconeogenesis in mammals: studies with the guinea pig, Mongolian gerbil, and sheep. PMID- 7294823 TI - Isolation and characterization of the iron-containing superoxide dismutase of Methanobacterium bryantii. PMID- 7294824 TI - Effect of increasing the intracellular ratio of NADH to NAD+ on human erythrocyte metabolism: new estimation of the turnover through the phosphoglycerate shunt. PMID- 7294825 TI - Chloroperoxidase-catalyzed halogenation of antipyrine, a drug substrate of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7294826 TI - Solubilization and characterization of cardiac sarcolemmal taurine-binding proteins. PMID- 7294828 TI - Isolation and characterization of a glycolipid from Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7294827 TI - Incorporation of ubiquinone homologs into lipid vesicles and mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 7294829 TI - L-arginine uptake into renal brush border membrane vesicles. PMID- 7294830 TI - Pyrene fluorescence fine structure as a polarity probe of hydrophobic regions: behavior in model solvents. PMID- 7294831 TI - Purification and properties of human erythrocyte membrane NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. PMID- 7294832 TI - The influence of vitamin E on membrane lipids of mouse fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 7294833 TI - Immunochemistry of the Lewis-blood-group system: partial characterization of Le(a)-, Le(b)-, and H-type 1 (LedH)-blood-group active glycosphingolipids from human plasma. PMID- 7294834 TI - Immunochemistry of the Lewis-blood-group system: mass spectrometric analysis of permethylated Le(a)-, Le(b)-, and H-type 1 (LedH) blood-group active and related glycosphingolipids from human plasma. PMID- 7294835 TI - Immunochemistry of the Lewis-blood-group system: proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of plasmatic Lewis-blood-group-active glycosphingolipids and related substances. PMID- 7294836 TI - A new procedure for the purification of rat testis-specific histone TH2B involving affinity-related chromatography. PMID- 7294837 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of insect hemolymph sera. PMID- 7294838 TI - Leucine aminopeptidase (bovine lens): synthesis and kinetic properties of ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted leucyl-anilides. PMID- 7294839 TI - Cimetidine and psoriasis. PMID- 7294840 TI - Dyskeratosis congenita and intracranial calcifications. PMID- 7294841 TI - Ear dermatitis, lactose intolerance, and eczema. PMID- 7294842 TI - Lysosomes in human skin after long periods of treatment with chloroquine. PMID- 7294843 TI - Origin of plasma protoporphyrin in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 7294844 TI - Cutaneous manifestations of leprechaunism. PMID- 7294846 TI - Cutaneous complications of orthopedic implants. A two-year prospective study. AB - In a two-year prospective study of cutaneous problems in orthopedic implant recipients, cutaneous eruptions of unknown cause that bore good temporal relationships with implant surgery occurred in 19 patients. Two clinical patterns were observed. A transient "exanthematic" dermatitis was seen in six patients; in two of them, it recurred after each surgical implant procedure. A persistent reaction was seen in 13 patients. Metal sensitivity was found in two patients and considered to be relevant. Allergic cutaneous complications of orthopedic implants are rare. However, in an implant recipient in whom a cutaneous problem develops, the likelihood of the cutaneous problem being allergic in nature is slightly greater if the implant is of the static type, if there is a history of metal sensitivity, if the cutaneous eruption shows a predilection for the anatomic zone of the implant, and if the eruption is eczematous and has developed late and persisted. PMID- 7294847 TI - Verruciform xanthoma of the oral mucosa. Report of five cases and review of the literature. AB - Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon lesion confined mainly to the oral mucosa. Only two extraoral cases have been reported, and these involved the genitalia. Clinically, verruciform xanthoma is a raised lesion with a papillary or granular surface, usually located on the gingiva or alveolar mucosa. Microscopically, it is characterized by epithelial cell proliferation and by the accumulation of xanthoma cells in the upper lamina propria. Five new cases are reported and analyzed together with an additional 29 cases found in a review of the literature. PMID- 7294845 TI - Evaluation of seven sunscreens on hairless mouse skin. AB - The ability of seven sunscreens to protect against ultraviolet (UV)--induced inhibition of epidermal DNA synthesis was evaluated in vivo using a hairless mouse model. There were statistically significant differences among sunscreens in their ability to prevent UV-B (290 to 320 nm) inhibition of DNA synthesis. The protective factor (PF) of a sunscreen was arbitrarily defined as the ratio of the dose required to inhibit DNA synthesis by 50% with and without a sunscreen. The following PF values were determined: Coppertone 4, 4.4; Sundown Extra Protection, 8.4; Supershade 15, 21.0; Eclipse 15, 22.2; Blockout 15, 22.4; and Bain de Soleil 15, 27.6. Zinc oxide ointment protected against any significant suppression of DNA synthesis at all UV-B doses used. There was a relatively good correlation between the PF and the sun protection factor (SPF) claimed for each sunscreen by the manufacturer. However, the PF values determined in mouse skin were generally higher than the SPF values measured in human skin. Further studies are needed to determine if sunscreen substantivity (resistance to removal by water) can be evaluated by this technique. PMID- 7294848 TI - Dermatologic uses of lasers in China. PMID- 7294849 TI - Immunofluorescence findings in rapid whitening of scalp hair. AB - Rapid whitening of scalp hair developed during a three-month period along with a diffuse, subtotal alopecia in a patient. Immunofluorescence microscopy of biopsy material showed prominent deposits of IgG and IgM in a granular pattern in the epithelium of the lower portions of hair follicles. Some return of the color and amount of scalp hair occurred within a year, but occasional bouts of hair loss continued to occur. It is theorized that the rapid graying was caused by a selective loss of pigmented hair, which was perhaps caused by an immunologic mechanism. Some of the findings suggest that the cause of this patient's loss of hair color may be different from those of patients who have been previously described as having rapid whitening of scalp hair because of alopecia areata or vitiligo. PMID- 7294850 TI - Benign pigmented lesion of the eyelid associated with acquired ocular melanosis. PMID- 7294851 TI - Erythema annulare centrifugum associated with ascariasis. AB - Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a figurate erythema that has been associated with man diverse entities. A case of EAC was related to infestation by the nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides. A careful examination of the patient did not define an immunologic basis for EAC. Results of lymphocyte stimulation tests of the patient showed an immune response to A lumbricoides extracts but not to A suum extracts. This finding is of practical importance, since most laboratoires use A suum extracts in routine skin and serologic tests for human ascariasis. PMID- 7294852 TI - Fetal hydantoin syndrome. PMID- 7294853 TI - Argyria. PMID- 7294854 TI - Facial granuloma in a patient treated with clofazimine. PMID- 7294855 TI - [Neuropathological findings in a case of fetal chondrodysplasia]. PMID- 7294856 TI - [Lobular carcinoma-in-situ in a fibroadenoma. Observations on a case]. PMID- 7294858 TI - [Morphology of so-called giant cell tumor of the bone]. PMID- 7294859 TI - ["Lesions" and "dysfunction" of endothelial cells in experimental atherogenesis and athero-regression]. PMID- 7294857 TI - [A case of so-called recurrent adamantinoma of the tibia. Histomorphological, ultrastructural and histogenetic findings]. PMID- 7294861 TI - [Verification of the mononuclear macrophage system by study of an unusual case of hemophagocytic histiocytosis]. PMID- 7294860 TI - Uncommon findings and unresolved problems relating to sarcoidosis. PMID- 7294862 TI - [Adenomyosis of the gallbladder within the framework of the dysplasias on malformative bases]. PMID- 7294863 TI - [2 cases of hepato-renal polycystic disease in the adult]. PMID- 7294864 TI - [A case of "secondary" mycotic myocarditis]. PMID- 7294865 TI - [An unusual case of papillary cystadenoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 7294866 TI - Brain death in children. PMID- 7294868 TI - Reduction of skin water loss in the newborn. I. Effect of applying topical agents. AB - The waterproofing effect of a number of creams, oils, and greases was examined by measuring water loss from adult skin before and after topical application. Creams had a high water content and were ineffective, oils produced a modest fall in water loss, but paraffin in grease form had a pronounced, sustained waterproofing effect. A paraffin mixture (80% soft, 20% hard paraffin (BP) was then applied to the skin of 3 preterm babies nursed naked in incubators. Overall skin water loss fell by 40 to 60% after application and was still lower than pretreatment levels 6 hours later. The topical application of paraffin offers a new approach to reduction of the high evaporative water and heat losses of preterm babies. PMID- 7294869 TI - Reduction of skin water loss in the newborn. II. Clinical trial of two methods in very low birthweight babies. AB - Two methods of reducing evaporative water and heat loss in the newborn, the thermal blanket and topical paraffin, were compared in a clinical trial. Forty four babies weighing less than 1.5 kg, nursed in incubators since birth, were either covered with a plastic bubble blanket or had a paraffin mixture applied to their skin at 6- and 8-hour intervals for the first 2 weeks of life. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mortality, morbidity, weight gain or loss, and temperature control. Two babies in the blanket group were removed from the study because of persistently low body temperatures. Five babies in the paraffin group had minor skin rashes and a further 2 had more extensive rashes which led to their removal from the study. Both methods resulted in good temperature control in babies after the first day of life. In the first 24 hours however, neither method of treatment could prevent subnormal body temperatures in the babies weighing less than 1.0 kg, even though the incubator air temperature was on average more than 1 degree C above the rectal temperature. Other methods are necessary to achieve normal body temperatures in these vulnerable babies. PMID- 7294867 TI - The Robin anomalad (Pierre Robin syndrome)--a follow up study. AB - During a 10-year period 55 patients with the Robin anomalad were admitted to the Liverpool Regional Cleft Palate Units. Fourteen (25%) children died. All deaths were within 3 months of birth. Congenital abnormalities other than mandibular retrognathia and cleft palate were present in 14 (26%) children. Peripheral limb defects were particularly common. Thirty children were recalled and reviewed to assess speech, hearing, growth, and educational achievement. There was a clear association between severe nasal escape of air in speech and atypical articulatory patterns. Almost half the children tested had abnormal articulation. Only 4 (13%) of 30 children showed delayed language development. Half the children tested audiometrically showed a binaural handicap but in only one patient was this sufficiently severe to warrant amplification. There was no trend towards abnormalities of growth and only 2 children could be firmly classified as educationally subnormal. PMID- 7294870 TI - Sickle cell haemoglobinopathies in England. AB - Ninety-six Birmingham children with sickle cell disease were studied prospectively between 1969 and 1979. Thirty-five were homozygotes for HbS (SS), 12 had sickle thalassaemia (S thal), and 23 were double heterozygotes for HbS and C (SC). Twenty-six whose family studies were incomplete were classified as SS or S thal although most were thought to be SS. The average length of follow-up was 5.1 years. Four SS children and 1 SC child died, the annual mortality rates being 1.3% for SS and presumed SS, 0% for S thal, and 0.9% for SC children. The incidence of pulmonary illnesses and anaemic crises was greater than reported from Jamaica, while leg ulceration described there and in New York was not observed in Birmingham. Severe infections were less common than in the series reported from New York and no case of salmonella osteomyelitis was observed in Birmingham. In general the S thal and SC children had milder illnesses than the SS, and the SS children often showed impairment of growth and sexual maturation. PMID- 7294871 TI - Whooping cough--a study of severity in hospital cases. AB - In an attempt to determine the clinical severity and prognosis of children admitted to hospital with whooping cough, 127 patients were studied prospectively during a 12-month period. Clinical and laboratory criteria were used and the impression gained was that most cases were mild, although 3 children were dangerously ill and at least 30% had symptoms lasting 2 months or longer. There were no deaths, and no permanent sequelae were noted. The mean age of patients was higher than in other series, which might have accounted for the fairly low severity. Although there was some evidence of a decline in severity and mortality, whooping cough is still an unpleasant and protracted illness. PMID- 7294872 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid lactic acidosis in bacterial meningitis. AB - A rapid, microenzymatic method was used to measure cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels in 205 children with suspected bacterial meningitis. Fifty children with normal CSF containing fewer than 0.005 X 10(9)/l WBC, no segmented neutrophils, glucose 3.4 +/- 0.8 mmol/l (61.2 +/- 14.4 mg/100 ml), and a protein of less than 0.30 g/l had CSF lactate levels below 2.0 mmol/l (18 mg/100 ml) (mean and standard deviation 1.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (11.8 +/- 2.7 mg/100 ml)). In 31 cases of proved viral meningitis as with 58 cases of clinically diagnosed viral meningitis, levels were below 3.8 mmol/l (34.5 mg/100 ml), being 2.3 +/- 0.6 mmol/l (20.9 +/- 5.4 mg/100 ml), and 2.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/l (19.1 +/- 6.4 mg/100 ml) respectively. Sixty-six cases of bacterial meningitis had CSF lactate levels ranging from 3.9 mmol/l (35.4 mg/100 ml) to greater than 10.0 mmol/l (90.0 mg/100 ml). Longitudinal studies in 7 children with bacterial meningitis showed that cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels differentiated bacterial from viral meningitis up to 4 days after starting treatment with antibiotics. Use of CSF lactate measurement for monitoring the efficacy of treatment is illustrated in a case of bacterial meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The origin of the cerebrospinal fluid lactate acidosis and the role of lactate in the pathophysiological cycle leading to intensification of brain tissue hypoxia and cellular damage is discussed with respect to the short-term prognosis and the long-term neurological sequelae. PMID- 7294873 TI - Familial gout and renal failure. AB - Clinical gout and renal failure was seen in a 9-year-old girl. The family tree showed that 9 out of 11 young females in three generations suffered from hyperuricaemia and normal (n = 1), or impaired (n = 8), renal function. One set of twins occurred in each generation and there is only one living male subject. In members with renal failure there was no improvement in renal function after treatment of hyperuricaemia, and in 2 sisters oral contraceptives appeared to precipitate hypertension. This clinical picture may be more common than is generally realised because of failure to compare blood uric acid values with suitable age- and sex-matched controls. The evidence from this family suggests that hyperuricaemia preceded the development of renal failure. PMID- 7294874 TI - Vitamin status in treated patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The water-soluble (B1, B2, B6, C, folic acid) and fat-soluble vitamin (A, carotene, E, and D) status of 36 patients with cystic fibrosis was assessed and compared with a control group of 21 age-matched normal children. Twenty-seven of the patients were receiving vitamin supplements (except folic acid and vitamin E) at the time of investigation. Vitamin B1, B2, and B6 status was adequate in all patients, and there was little evidence of folic acid deficiency. Vitamin C stores might not have been adequate in some of these patients, despite daily supplements with 50 mg of the vitamin. Steatorrhoea, often severe, was present in most of them. Serum carotene and vitamin E concentrations were low in over 90% of patients and were related to the severity of steatorrhoea. Vitamin A was low in over 40% of the patients despite daily vitamin supplements of 4000 IU and correlated with the serum retinol-binding protein level. Serum 25-OH cholecalciferol was low in some patients whether or not they were receiving a daily supplement of 400 IU vitamin D. In a short-term supplementation trial with water-miscible preparations of vitamin A and E in 14 patients, the serum levels of both vitamins responded well to 2 weeks of treatment with 50 mg vitamin E and 4000 IU vitamin A. Except for serum vitamin A, which was lowest in patients with the poorest clinical grading, the other vitamins were not influenced by the clinical grade of the patients. PMID- 7294875 TI - The steatocrit: a simple method for estimating stool fat content in newborn infants. PMID- 7294876 TI - Effects of maternal smoking on fetal growth and nutrition. AB - Standard anthropometric measurements were made on 320 term neonates to investigate the influence of smoking on fetal growth and nutrition. Maternal height and triceps skinfold thickness were also measured. Of 320 infants, 126 (39%) were born to mothers who smoked. Maternal triceps skinfold thickness was significantly smaller in smoking mothers. A correlation existed between maternal and infant triceps skinfold thickness. Measurements of infant growth, birthweight, occipito-frontal circumference, and crown-to-heel length were significantly smaller in infants of smoking mothers and remained significantly smaller when corrections were made for maternal triceps skinfold thickness, height, and social class. While these data do not exclude a nutritional mechanism for the effect of maternal smoking on the fetus, the major growth-retarding effects remain after corrections for this. This reduction in occipito-frontal circumference in infants of smoking mothers, and the possible significance of this is stressed. PMID- 7294877 TI - Neuropathic bladder and spinal dysraphism. PMID- 7294878 TI - Symptomatic zinc deficiency in a breast-fed infant. PMID- 7294879 TI - [8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP)-a new galenic form and its relation to 8-MOP serum levels (author's transl)]. AB - A bioequivalence study was performed with two different 8-MOP preparations. Thirty-eight patients participated in the investigation. We compared a product already marketed containing a micronized powder in hard gelatine capsules with a new product in soft gelatine capsules containing the 8-MOP in a solution. With the new galenic preparation the serum level obtained was 3.2 (P less than or equal to 0.01) times higher than with the old product. Thus, the improved resorption out of the solution was mainly responsible for these results. PMID- 7294880 TI - [Effect of salicylic acid on the blanching effect of flumethasone pivalate (author's transl)]. AB - Test results are reported of the effect of salicylic acid on the vasoconstrictive effect of flumethasone pivalate. In specific, the depigmentation of the skin (identical with increase in lightness of the skin) following topical application of flumethasone pivalate was investigated with the aid of an improved spectrophotometric method. Using numeric lightness evaluation it was possible to demonstrate that salicylic acid increases the vasoconstriction. PMID- 7294882 TI - Tolerance to corticoids? Guinea pig epithelium as an experimental system. AB - The antiacanthogenic effect of topical applied steroids is well known and maybe exactly assessed and quantified by means of the test procedure described. A 0.1% clobetasol-17-propionate solution induces an antiacanthogenic effect of 27.5% after a 28-day treatment period. After 84 days, the skin further treated with the corticosteroid shows an antiacanthogenic effect of 23.7% and after 118 days of 39%. A steroid tolerance of epithelial layer on guinea pig skin cannot be derived from our results. PMID- 7294881 TI - Immunological features of psoriasis. Effects of Ro-109359, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and methotrexate on cultivated lymphocytes. AB - Isolated peripheral mononuclear cells of psoriasis patients with different disease characteristics, e. g. head-localised, quiescent guttata, confluent active widespread and erythrodermic, were cultured in a modified Mishell-Dutton system. Using the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay, single cell antibody formation was studied, and class distribution monitored, adding pokeweed mitogen (PWM), concanavalin A (ConA), methotrexate (MTX) or Ro-109359/31, as well as autologous sera to the culture. PFC-estimation vs. sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and burro red blood cells (BRBC) revealed a distinct suppression of primarily IgG-PFC in some of the PWM-treated patients' cultures; ConA maximally reduced PFC by only 50%, compared to 100% for normal immune cells. Ro-109359/31 reduced mainly IgG PFC in the co-cultures with PWM or autologous sera. MTX resulted in a reduction of IgG-PFC and IgM-PFC equally. The results were compared with cultured immune cells from normal individuals. The two antigenically different indicators, the partial abolition of ConA induced suppression, broad-based immunoglobulin elevation in the sera, and the mainly IgG-formation hint at the role of polyclonal B-cell activation in the perpetuation of psoriasis, which can be specifically reduced by Ro-109359/31. Suppressor cell dysfunctions remain to be discussed. PMID- 7294883 TI - Ultrastructural studies of spontaneously regressing plane warts. Langerhans cells show marked activation. AB - Ultrastructural changes in Langerhans cells during spontaneous involution of plane warts were examined. In areas with activated macrophages and epidermal cell interaction, Langerhans cells showed signs of enhanced cellular activity with an increased number of Langerhans cell granules, as in contact dermatitis. The fine structure of Langerhans cell granules, however, was unusual in that the vesicular portion was surrounded by a membrane, and this portion frequently occurred independently taking the shape of a loop. PMID- 7294884 TI - Immunoglobulins in serum, whole saliva, and parotid saliva of male healthy and psoriatic individuals. PMID- 7294885 TI - Ultrastructural investigation on cutaneous angioleiomyoma. AB - Electron-microscopic examination of a cutaneous angioleiomyoma demonstrated that the muscular coat enveloping the blood vessels is formed of typical smooth muscle cells. The central vessels exhibit the ultrastructural features of small venules with a prominent endothelium and large numbers of Weibel-Palade bodies. Except for scanty unmyelinated nerve fibers accompanying small arterioles, no significant nerval structures were encountered. In view of the evident ultrastructural differences, a relationship of angioleiomyoma and glomus tumor can be ruled out. PMID- 7294886 TI - Cadmium and lead content of maternal and newborn hair: relationship to parity, birth weight, and hypertension. AB - Head hair samples were taken from 110 mothers and their newborns at delivery and analyzed for cadmium and lead content. Positive association for cadmium content, but not lead, was found between mothers and newborns. Correlation between the two metals was observed in the babies' hair. Lead levels in the mothers' hair were higher in mothers of parity three or greater than in primiparous mothers. Inverse relationships were found (1) between the cadmium content in babies' hair and their birthweight and (2) between the lead content in mothers' hair and the babies' gestational age. Cadmium levels in babies of hypertensive mothers were 3 times as high as in the hypertensive mothers themselves. A possible change in the permeability of the placenta during pregnancy was postulated. PMID- 7294887 TI - Mortality among welders, including a group exposed to nickel oxides. AB - Mortality and causes of death were examined among 1,059 white male welders employed between 1943 and 1973 at three plants in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Based on deaths reported as of 1974, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes was 87 (173 deaths observed vs. 199.0 expected on the basis of death rates for US white males). There were no deaths resulting from sinonasal cancer, and the SMR for lung cancer was 150 (95% confidence limits = 87 and 240). A subgroup of these welders (N = 536) was exposed to nickel oxides at the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion (K-25) Plant; recent air concentrations of nickel (from personal air samplers) were greater than proposed standards. Standardized mortality ratios for lung cancer and diseases of the respiratory system were not higher among K-25 Plant welders than among other welders (N = 523). Welders employed for greater than or equal to 50 wk at the K-25 Plant had an SMR for lung cancer of 188 (95% confidence limits = 61 and 438) based on small numbers of deaths (5 observed vs. 2.66 expected). Further follow-up of these groups is needed. PMID- 7294888 TI - The University of Akron study on air pollution and human health effects I. Methodology, baseline data, and aerometrics. AB - This study determined the health effects of ambient air pollutants in two grade school populations in Akron, Ohio. One school is adjacent to industry and has elevated levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and moderate levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), while the other school is 4 km east and unpolluted. This study was designed in this manner for two purposes: (1) to identify and monitor ambient levels of air pollutants in an area proximal to the grade school so that the levels could be accurately assessed, and (2) to determine baseline pulmonary function values and questionnaire responses from the parents indicating any acute and/or chronic respiratory problem in the child. Ninety-five percent of the children enrolled in this study liver within 2 km of the schools and aerometric stations, thus providing for careful control in the study design. The results of this study indicate that SO2 and NO2 levels are significantly higher in the school adjacent to industry. Although pulmonary function data were not significantly different between schools, the frequency of questionnaire responses to acute and chronic pulmonary problems was greater in the children at the school adjacent to industry. The data tend to indicate early pulmonary effects of air pollution in children living adjacent to industry and exposed to elevated levels of SO2 and NO2. We suggest that additional longitudinal work that carefully monitors total suspended particulates, NO2, SO2, and health data should be conducted to confirm these results. PMID- 7294889 TI - The University of Akron study on air pollution and human health effects II. Effects on acute respiratory illness. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of air pollution on acute respiratory illness (ARI). Levels of air pollutants were monitored on a daily 24 hour basis at two schools in Akron, Ohio. The children at each school completed daily diaries which served as a screening mechanism for detecting ARI. Once an ARI was isolated, pulmonary function tests (PFT) were run during the symptomatic phase; once the child became asymptomatic, tests were continued for 2 wk. The results of this study indicate that SO2 and NO2 levels are higher at the school that borders industry. Results of daily diaries indicate a higher incidence of symptoms-especially cough, runny nose, and sore throat-in the polluted area. Pulmonary function tests indicate that respiratory airways are being compromised to a much greater extent at the polluted school, as indicated by significantly reduced levels of forced expiratory volume and maximal midexpiratory flow as compared to baseline. Recent evidence suggests that frequency and severity of ARI in childhood are related to chronic obstructive lung disease as adults. In lieu of these findings, it is suggested that the levels of SO2 and NO2 in urban areas be carefully considered, as they relate to acute subclinical syndromes and chronic clinical respiratory disease. PMID- 7294890 TI - Percutaneous penetration of benzene and benzene contained in solvents used in the rubber industry. AB - Penetration of benzene through the skin of the rhesus monkey was determined using 14C-benzene, and quantitating the labelled metabolites in urine. The modes of application and amounts of benzene that penetrated the skin (indicated in parentheses) are as follows: (1) a single, direct cutaneous application of liquid benzene (0.172 +/- 0.139%); (2) a single application of benzene-containing [0.36%] solvent (0.0805 +/- 0.03060%); (3) multiple washes with full-strength benzene (0.848 +/- 0.0806%); (4) multiple washes with the benzene-containing [0.35%] solvent (0.431 +/- 0.258%); (5) removal of the stratum corneum followed by application of full-strength benzene (0.909 +/- 0.627%); and (6) application of benzene to the palmar surface (0.651 +/- 0.482%). Until more complete human data becomes available, benzene penetration in the monkey may be used to estimate penetration in man, both for industrial hygiene purposes and general toxicological use. PMID- 7294891 TI - Effect of hydrogen sulfide on bacterial inactivation in the rat lung. AB - This study evaluated the effect of a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide on the rat antibacterial defense system. Rats exposed to 45 ppm hydrogen sulfide (threshold limit value for hydrogen sulfide = 10 ppm) for 4 or 6 hr exhibited a significant (P less .01) reduction in the inactivation of viable staphylococci deposited in the lungs during a bacterial aerosol challenge. Pre-exposure of rats to 46 ppm hydrogen sulfide for 2 hr, however, did not alter intrapulmonary staphylococcal inactivation. We hypothesize that impairment of the alveolar macrophage is the basis of these findings. PMID- 7294892 TI - Volcanoes and carcinoma of the thyroid: a possible association. AB - Environmental factors contributing to incidences of thyroid carcinoma are re evaluated and emphasized in this study. Thyroid cancers appear to occur independent of endemic goiter, based on epidemiologic and histologic evidence. While environmental factors appear to be important, the specific etiologic agent has not yet been identified or suggested. The number of thyroid cancer incidences available from cancer registries are analyzed in an attempt to identify a specific environmental carcinogenic agent. The presence of active volcanoes that produce abundant lava is found to be the common denominator of Iceland and Hawaii, where the incidence of thyroid cancer is outstandingly high. Comparison with other areas with active volcanoes is made. The presence of a carcinogenic agent in the lava is postulated and its possible mode of action on humans through fish products is hypothesized. PMID- 7294894 TI - [Crossed ectopic kidney. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of crossed renal ectopia are presented, one with and two without fusion which were discovered by chance as the result of urological investigations and which are more frequent in men than in women and on the left side. The authors stress the importance of urography and retrograde pyelography as vital methods of diagnosis. They comment the topic and make a review of the literature. PMID- 7294893 TI - [Cystic pyeloureteritis. Presentation of 10 cases]. AB - Based on the analysis of 10 cases of cystic pyeloureteritis, a rare entity of benign outcome, the authors suggest that the cysts might be the result of an hyperreactivity of the urothelium to an aggression, and feel that the correction of the etiologic factors might prevent the evolution of Von Brunn's nests. PMID- 7294895 TI - [Calculi with large oxalate crystals (1st part)]. AB - This is the introduction to the study of calculi which have large oxalate crystals. Calculi which are divided into three groups according to their other, non-oxalic compounds, which will be studied separately in three consecutive articles. Most of those large crystals are spectral and in spite of the fact that the calculi belonging to any group have the same components, the same formation mechanism and the same fundamental structures, they are not exact replicas of a prototype but, on the contrary, they all show a small difference from the previous and following ones which may lie in the duration of their development, in the amounts of their components or in the distribution of these components within them. PMID- 7294897 TI - [Use of the Fogarty catheter in endoscopic therapy of ureteral calculi]. AB - After a brief review of the various techniques so far employed in the transurethral manipulation of ureteral calculi, the authors report their experience with the Fogarty catheter. The series includes 24 patients with medium sized or small stones located in the lower third of the ureter; 17 (74%) patients were successfully treated, whereas 7 (26%) had to be operated. The simplicity, rapidity, efficaciousness and innocuity of the aforesaid technique, in opposition to the risks of the other well-known stone-extractors, is emphasized. PMID- 7294898 TI - [Hydronephrosis caused by congenital stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction. Hynes-Anderson technic]. AB - The need for the routine use of indwelling ureteral stents in the repair of congenital stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction by the Hynes-Anderson operation is not clearly established. The authors feel that it is indicated only in cases presenting severe parenchymal lesions. The indwelling stents can originate different complications, which may be detrimental for the outcome of the operation, in both the short and long term. PMID- 7294896 TI - [Retrovesicular hydatidosis in childhood. Possibilities of differential diagnosis]. AB - We present a case of retrovesical hydatid cyst in a boy coincident with a right kidney malrotation which complicated, in view of the negative results of the specific tests for hydatidosis, the possibilities of a differential diagnosis, and although the correct etiology was suspected before the operation, only the histopathological study of the specimen confirmed the initial suspicion. The differential diagnosis was posed with the retroperitoneal cystic tumours such as the teratoma and basically with the deep pelvic cysts in the male (mullerian cysts, seminal vesicle cysts and cysts of Wolff's duct). PMID- 7294899 TI - [Primary tumors of the ureter. Presentation of an illustrative new case]. PMID- 7294900 TI - [Adenocarcinoma in bladder exstrophy]. AB - We present a case of vesical extrophy complicated by an adenocarcinoma in a 35 year old patient. It is this type of neoformation which most frequently affects the extrophic bladder and which, contrary to what has happened in most of the cases published, quickly presented bone and skin metastases. PMID- 7294903 TI - [Spontaneous pneumopyelography: ureterocolic fistula caused by rectosigmoid carcinoma]. AB - We present a case of ureterocolic fistula, secondary to a rectosigmoid carcinoma. The infrequency of these ureterocolic fistulae, contrasts with the more usual vesicointestinal ones. In our case, the diagnosis of pathological communication arose from the presence of gas in the excretory tract, after ruling out all those processes which could have led to a similar situation. In agreement with the world literature consulted, we confirm the great difficulty in tracing the course of the fistula by the usual means of diagnosis, in view of the minimal size of the pathological communication and the frequent obstructive behaviour of the fistula itself. PMID- 7294902 TI - [Seasonal effect of age, sex and drinking water composition on nephritic colic]. AB - The influence of the season, age, sex and composition of the drinking water on the incidence of kidney colics in patients of different villages, attended at the "San Cecilio" Clinical Hospital in Granada, is assessed. The average, of kidney colics per 1.000 inhabitants was 4.2% with 51.27% in females and 48.73% in males. We found that in the summer months the frequency of kidney colics was double that in the winter months, which may be due to a relative D hypervitaminosis, a greater intake of oxalates or a relative dehydration. No influence of the calcium, magnesium, chlorine and sulphate contents of the water, was detected. In some villages, a high calcium and magnesium content in the water, posed problems for the urolithogenic prophylaxis in some patients. PMID- 7294901 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, Review of 26 cases]. AB - The casuistry of our Centre, which amounted to 26 cases over a 10-year period, and the analysis of the different etiopathogenic factors is presented. The coincidence of lithiasis, as the most important factor of stasis, and the importance of the infection as a contributing element. Are stressed. PMID- 7294904 TI - [Partial priapisms. Proximal priapism. Report of a case]. AB - A very rare form of priapism in which the disorder is located in a localized area of the erectile tissue of the penis is presented. We consider this to be the first in Spanish literature and the fifth in the world. According to the review carried out, the most frequent etiology is traumatic, although the history of some cases is vague. Attention is drawn to the diagnosis, and therapy, which was successful in every case. PMID- 7294905 TI - [Bifid ureter with a blind superior branch. Diagnosis by intravenous urography]. PMID- 7294906 TI - [Rubella epidemic in Piemonte in 1977: assay of specific antibodies in the umbilical cord blood and clinical follow-up (author's transl)]. AB - Following a rubella epidemic in 1977; 1,133 samples of umbilical cord blood and 532 samples of maternal blood were assayed for specific anti-rubella haemoagglutino-inhibiting antibodies and IgM. Clinical follow-up failed to show either any increase in number of malformations and of IgM values in the malformed, or variations of mean weight and of the number of small-for-date infants. In none out of 1.031 newborns the virus was isolated from the pharynx, urine and faeces. The Authors conclude that the epidemic may have been caused by a poorly virulent virus and/or the mothers were possibly already immunized by previous infections. PMID- 7294907 TI - [Treatment of toxoplasmosis. present knowledge and problems (author's transl)]. AB - Drugs employed in the treatment of toxoplasmosis are reviewed. Until now no drugs able to completely eliminate older parasite cysts in tissue are available. Data in literature indicate as first choice treatment the combination of sulfadiazine (or triple sulfonamides) with pyrimethamine, which act synergistically against trophozoites. The efficacy of other drugs is not fully established. Pregnancy and some clinical situations require alternative treatments as spiramycin. While uncomplicated lymphoglandular forms in immunocompetent host do not require any therapy, vital-organ involvement and infection in immunosuppressed patients are urgent indications for treatment. The lack of availability in Italy of the most active drugs is stressed. PMID- 7294908 TI - [Detection and typing of non-tubercular mycobacteria in urban waste waters of Bergamo]. AB - Non tubercular Mycobacteria (MOTT) have been isolated in surface water of the Morla river passing through the town of Bergamo (Northern Italy). The study has been performed in four different places variously located. On 120 samples MOTT have been isolated in 24.16%. The speciation differentiated Myc. phlei on 44.82% of cases, Myc, smegmatis 24.13%, Myc. fortuitum 17.24%, Myc, chelonei complex 10.34%, Myc. vaccae 3.44%. The strains have been isolated with high frequency in sites located in the northern, desert part of the town, where are stables and pastures. PMID- 7294909 TI - Preparation and characterization of a large batch of tuberculin purified protein derivate (PPD-CT68). PMID- 7294910 TI - [Activity in vitro of some antibiotics on recently isolated microbial strains]. PMID- 7294911 TI - [Preliminary data on some virological and immunological aspects of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. PMID- 7294912 TI - [Microbiological tests of 2 recent cephalosporins: cefadroxil and cefuroxime]. PMID- 7294914 TI - [Studies of rubella epidemic]. PMID- 7294913 TI - [Tuberculin survey and its meaning for a correct prevention in a high risk population. Epidemiological data relative to students of the faculty of medicine and soldiers residing in Ferrara (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors list the results obtained from a tuberculin survey carried out on students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Ferrara (school year 1977/1978) and on enlisting soldiers. A different skin positivity is here confirmed: a higher percentage in males (27.41%) than in females (17.91%). A higher frequency of positive responses is noted in students originating from the centre-south of Italy. Such tendency is principally due to the greater differences in skin positivity found in females. Students over 26 years of age show a skin positivity of more than 40%, whilst for 17 to 20 years old skin positivity ranges between 22% to 25%. The frequency of skin positivity in soldiers confirms the data found in male students of the same age group. Post vaccine control, although limited to a smaller group of students, shows a definite turn towards positivity with an average figure in both sexes of 63%. The Authors, although admit having carried out their survey on a small population, believe to have contributed with useful information on the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in age groups with scarce statistical data. PMID- 7294915 TI - [Rubella epidemic of 1977: sero-epidemiological study of the maternal and neonatal population made in Turin at the Maria Vittoria Hospital in the period July 1977-April 1978]. PMID- 7294917 TI - Grouping of streptococci by different methods. PMID- 7294916 TI - [The significance of the presence of "Mycoplasma pharyngis" and "Mycoplasma salivarium" in patients with chronic respiratory disease (author's transl)]. AB - The significance of the presence of Mycoplasma pharyingis and Mycoplasma salivarium in patients with chronic respiratory disease has been evaluated by studying of specific antibody and aerobial bacterial flora. The isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was unsuccessfull in 173 cases with chronic respiratory disease. Among them 76 were carriers of Mycoplasma pharyngis and Mycoplasma salivarium. Pathogen and opportunist aerobial bacteria were isolated as frequently in the cases under study as in the control group, where mycoplasma cultures were negative. Complement fixation and indirect hemagglutination tests for detection of specific antibodies were carried on 45 of the cases under study (19 Mycoplasma pharyngis and 26 Mycoplasma salivarium carriers). In the carriers of Mycoplasma pharyngis the frequency of complement fixing antibody antibodies was higher (36.8%) than in the others (19%). Neverthless, it seems unacceptable an etiological correlation between Mycoplasma pharyngis and chronic respiratory disease. PMID- 7294919 TI - [1st report in Puglia of the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica in the pediatric field]. PMID- 7294920 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in the evolution of acute and chronic HBsAg hepatitis. PMID- 7294918 TI - [Sensitivity in vitro of 192 Proteus strains to several aminoglycosides]. AB - The antibacterial activity of tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin and kanamycin against 192 strains of genus Proteus has been studied in vitro. Tobramycin and amikacin showed the highest activity. furthermore curves of distribution of frequency, concerning the sensitivity of Proteus mirabilis strains, have been drawn for every tested antibiotic, to study the modal values. PMID- 7294921 TI - [Porcine babesiosis epizootic due to Babesia perroncitoi, Cerruti 1939 in Senegal]. PMID- 7294922 TI - Adaptation of low virulence stocks of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense to rat and mouse. PMID- 7294923 TI - [Methods for a more accurate control of the development of experimental trypanosomiasis caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense in mice]. PMID- 7294924 TI - Light and electron microscope studies on extravascular Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the brain of chronically infected rodents. PMID- 7294925 TI - Note on a new focus of schistosomiasis (S. mansoni) in Rwanda. PMID- 7294926 TI - Management of pancreatic abscesses. AB - The records of twenty-one patients treated for pancreatic abscesses were reviewed. Pancreatitis developed following alcohol ingestion, operative procedures, biliary tract disease, ulcers, and undetermined causes. The clinical findings included abdominal pain in 19 patients (90%); fever in 18 (86%); tenderness in 18 (86%); and leukocytosis in 18 (86%). Ultrasonographic examination aided the diagnosis in seven of 11 patients. Computerized tomography was useful in diagnosing eight of ten cases. There were twenty-nine hospital admissions, with a mean length of hospitalization of 76 days per patient. The operative findings varied with extent and duration of underlying pancreatitis. The surgical approach depended on clinical presentation and prior localization of the abscess. Eleven additional operations were performed. Complications included respiratory failure (three patients); fistula formation (five patients); hemorrhage (two patients); renal failure (one patient); and splenic vein thrombosis (one patient). Thirteen patients were treated with hyperalimentation and nine patients had gastrostomy and jejunostomy placed for decompression and feeding. Of 15 patients in whom microbial studies were reviewed, nine patients had polymicrobial infections. Three patients had Candida albicans. There was one death. PMID- 7294927 TI - Hemodynamic guidelines for surgical therapy of portal hypertension. AB - A prospective study of 98 patients with portal hypertension who hemorrhaged revealed that certain hemodynamic parameters were valuable in confirming the cause of cirrhosis, aiding in the selection of patients best suited for a selective distal splenorenal shunt, and in providing an estimate of prognosis. The presence of a pressure gradient of 4 mmHg or more between the right atrium and inferior vena cava was observed only in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The shape of the "pull-back" tracing between the wedge and free hepatic vein positions was "smooth" in postnecrotic disease and "lumpy" in alcoholic disease. The ratio of the aortic diastolic pressure divided by the hepatic (vein) wedge pressure segregated patients by cause and direction of portal blood flow. PMID- 7294928 TI - Serum-mediated inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function following burn injury. AB - Serial serum samples from 12 bacteremic burned patients were tested at a physiologic concentration for their ability to facilitate phagocytosis and intracellular killing of the homologous infecting Staphylococcus aureus strains by normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in comparison to pooled normal human serum. Serum-mediated inhibition of leukocyte bactericidal activity was demonstrated in three of the patients during 13 to 56 days after burn. Decreased bacterial activity was related to an inhibitory effect of the burn sera on the phagocytic process, which reduced the number of internalized bacteria available for intracellular killing. The serum-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis was not found to be dependent on bacterial surface properties unique to S. aureus. The inhibitory effect was shown to involve a direct interaction of the burn sera with the leukocytes, which was not associated with cell death and was not reversed by washing of the leukocytes. PMID- 7294929 TI - Axillary micro- and macrometastases in breast cancer: prognostic significance of tumor size. AB - Recurrence and survival data at 10 years were examined for 147 women with single axillary lymph node metastases found in a modified radical or standard radical mastectomy. The cases were identified through a review of all patients with primary operable breast cancer treated at Memorial Hospital from 1964 to 1970. The patients were stratified into groups according to size of the primary tumor and of the metastatic deposit (micro less than or equal to 2 mm; macro greater than 2 mm) as well as level of the positive node. In the entire series, there was a significantly poorer prognosis among those patients with single macrometastases (30/77 patients; 39% recurrence rate) when compared with those having micrometastases (17/70 patients: 24% recurrence rate). A major prognostic difference emerged after stratification by tumor size. Within the first six years of the follow-up period, T1 patients with negative nodes and those with single micrometastases had similar survival curves, significantly better than those with macrometastases. However, at 12 years, the survival rats of those patients with either a micro- or macrometastases was nearly identical, and significantly worse than for those patients with negative lymph nodes. On the other hand, among women with primary tumors 2.1-5.0 cm (T2), patients with negative lymph nodes or single micrometastases had survival curves that did not differ significantly throughout the course of the follow-up period. Both had an outcome significantly better than observed for patients with macrometastases. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the clinical behaviour of breast cancer and for the stratification of patients entered into randomized treatment trials. PMID- 7294930 TI - Carotid artery disease following external cervical irradiation. AB - A retrospective study of 910 patients surviving at least five years after cervical irradiation for Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or primary head an neck neoplasms showed the incidence of stroke following cervical irradiation was 63 of 910 patients (6.3%) during a mean period of observation of nine years. This represents a trend toward an increased risk for this population observed over the same period of time (p = 0.39). A prospective study of 118 similar patients currently living five years after cervical radiotherapy was performed to determine the incidence of carotid artery disease occurring as a consequence of neck irradiation. Abnormal carotid phonangiograms (CPA) were found in 25% of the patients and abnormal oculoplethysmographs (OPG) were found in 17%. These studies represent significant carotid lesions that are not expected in such a population. It is concluded that the carotid stenoses demonstrated are most likely a consequence of prior irradiation. Patients that are five-year survivors of cervical irradiation should have noninvasive vascular laboratory studies performed as part of their routine follow-up examinations in order to detect these carotid lesions while they are occult. PMID- 7294931 TI - Cardiopulmonary function following transfusion of three red blood cell products in elective abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. AB - In order to evaluate the importance of red cell O(2) affinity of transfused blood on cardiac performance and adverse effects of transfusion on lung function, a prospective double-blind protocol was used in 27 patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. Three types of blood were administered: packed red cells (PC), washed red cells (WC) and high 2,3 DPG red cells (2,3 DPG). An average of 4.5 units of blood was used per patient. Transfusion of 2,3 DPG blood resulted in maintenance of in vivo P(50) during surgery and an increase to 31.2 torr after operation (p < 0.001). An intraoperative fall in in vivo P(50) to 23.2 +/- 2.0 torr was observed in patients who were transfused with PC (p < 0.001) and to 25.1 +/- 2.6 torr with WC (p < 0.005). A fall in body temperature averaging 2.2 C intraoperatively was noticed in all three groups. After operation, in vitro P(50) decreased in patients transfused with PC (p < 0.005) and WC (p < 0.005) while it remained unchanged in the high 2,3 DPG group. This was consistent with the decrease of red cell 2,3 DPG in the PC (p < 0.001) and WC groups (p < 0.01) and maintenance in the 2,3 DPG group. Left ventricular stroke work and volume loading Starling type myocardial performance curves were similar for the three groups. Microaggregates measured by Coulter counting and screen filtration pressure were the same for all three products in samples drawn on both sides of the 40 microm transfusion filter. There was no relationship of transfusion volumes or type of blood product to changes in lung function (physiologic shunting, dynamic compliance and pulmonary arterial pressure) in the three groups of patients. The false negative, beta, error of missing a true 25% difference was less than 10%. It is concluded that 2,3 DPG enriched red cells improved oxygen availability, but that a 4.5 unit transfusion of any of the three blood products did not influence lung function or myocardial performance following aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7294933 TI - Postoperative fiberoptic choledochoscopy. AB - Twenty-eight patients underwent fiberoptic T-tube tract choledochoscopy for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of filling defects seen on postoperative T tube cholangiograms. In 22 patients, 59 retained stones were treated by extraction. In six other patients with diagnostic problems arising from cholangiogram defects, the diagnosis was made by direct vision and biopsy specimen examination. There were multiple papillary adenocarcinomas in one patient, and normal mucosal folds in two patients. The procedure was accompanied by a low complication rate, with two patients developing pancreatitis and five patients developing transient fever. The advantages of the procedure are a direct examination of the biliary tree with the facility to remove stones and biopsy lesions under direct vision. PMID- 7294932 TI - Postvagotomy and cholecystectomy syndrome. AB - Seventy-five patients with unsatisfactory results following vagotomy, drainage and cholecystectomy have been reviewed. The operations were performed together in 45 patients, vagotomy preceded cholecystectomy in 16 patients and cholecystectomy was performed before vagotomy in 14 patients. The interval between the two operations when cholecystectomy was performed first was 7.1 +/- 1.66 SE years, whereas when vagotomy was performed first this was 3.1 +/- 1.03 SE years (p less than 0.05). Forty-three patients had symptomatic bile reflux gastritis and 59 had postvagotomy diarrhea. Dumping, bilious vomiting and recurrent peptic ulceration occurred in 11 patients, nine and five patients, respectively, and were no more frequently encountered than would have been expected after vagotomy and drainage alone. In the light of the information derived from the addition of cholecystectomy to vagotomy and drainage a pathophysiology of postvagotomy diarrhea without dumping, and bile reflux gastritis without bilious vomiting or recurrent chronic peptic ulceration is postulated. PMID- 7294935 TI - The noncovalent bonding of antibiotics to a polytetrafluoroethylene-benzalkonium graft. AB - This study evaluates the noncovalent bonding of anionic antibiotics to polytetrafluoroethylene grafts using benzalkonium chloride as a cationic anchor. The binding of radiolabeled surfactants and antibiotics was evaluated by liquid scintillation and in an in vitro microbiologic assay against Staphylococcus aureus. Significant quantities of antibiotic were bound when the grafts were pretreated with benzalkonium in ethanol or aqueous solution at elevated temperature. Bound antibiotic is stable in aqueous salt solutions, but slowly dissociates in the presence of blood or serum. The ionic nature of the bonding process is clarified by the use of a variety of antibiotics and surfactants with complementary charges. The ability of the benzalkonium treated grafts to adsorb antibiotic from blood is, likewise, demonstrated and the possibility of concomitantly binding heparin and antibiotic simultaneously is evaluated. These studies support the ability to noncovalently bond antibiotics to polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces and form the basis of eventually utilizing these surfaces in the prevention of vascular prosthetic infections. PMID- 7294934 TI - Increased risk of colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy. AB - The relative risk of developing colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy has been assessed in a retrospective autopsy study using controls individually matched for age and sex. Of the 304 patients dying with colorectal cancer and undergoing autopsy examination at the Helsinki University Central Hospital, 45 had undergone previous cholecystectomy. The corresponding number for the matched-pair controls without colorectal cancer was 32, indicating that the relative risk of developing colorectal cancer is slightly (1.59), but significantly (p less than 0.05), increased after cholecystectomy. The relative risk was highest for cancer of the right colon (3.00). In contrast, no difference in the autopsy incidence of unoperated gallstones was observed between the two groups, suggesting that, rather than lithogenic bile alone, the predisposing factor is related to the cholecystectomy procedure itself. PMID- 7294937 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst after distal splenorenal shunt. PMID- 7294938 TI - Lobular carcinoma in situ. PMID- 7294936 TI - Deep venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing inguinal lymph node dissection for melanoma. AB - Deep venous thromboembolism (DVT) was studied in 44 patients with clinical Stage I, II, and III melanoma undergoing staging and therapeutic inguinal lymph node dissection. The ability of two noninvasive methods of surveillance, the phleborheograph (PRG) and the 125I fibrinogen scan to detect deep venous thrombosis was determined by comparison with prospective bilateral lower extremity venograms. In addition, the therapeutic impact, both beneficial and detrimental, of low dose heparin, 5000 units administered subcutaneously two hours prior to and every eight hours after operation was determined in a double blind study. The sensitivity of the PRG and 125I fibrinogen scan were both 20%. There were five deep venous thrombi, and two pulmonary emboli for a combined incidence of DVT of 13.6% for the entire patient population. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT between the two groups. The heparin-treated patients had an increased total volume (796 +/- 516 versus 388 +/ 208 ml; p less than 0.05), and duration of wound drainage (9 +/- 4 versus 13 +/- 6 days; p less than 0.05). PMID- 7294939 TI - Effects of exchange transfusion on platelet counts. AB - With the purpose of knowing to what extent thrombocytopenia that occurs in exchange transfusion (ET) can be secondary to the procedure itself or to a generalized infection, blood counts were made in 42 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia due to maternal fetal isoimmunization of the ABO system. Platelets were quantified halfway and immediately after the exchange transfusion procedure as well as 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours after. It was found that prior to ET platelet levels in donor and patient blood was similar and platelet counts were never under 100,000 mm3 (thrombocytopenia). Halfway and at the conclusion of ET, as well as 8 and 16 hours after, a decrease in platelet levels was observed. After 24 hours an increase was observed that reached basal levels prior to ET after 72 hours. In five children thrombocytopenia was observed; in two, halfway of the ET procedure, in one at the end and two more at 8 and 16 hours after ET. From results obtained we can conclude that thrombocytopenia occurring 24 hours after ET can be due to septicemia. PMID- 7294940 TI - Normal values of colloidal-osmotic pressure in healthy adults in Mexico city. AB - The normal value of colloid-osmotic pressure (COP) was determined in male and female adults between 20 and 40 years old. Any differences of this value related to sex and age were investigated. It was found the statistical correlativeness of COP obtained with an oncometer and that calculated with Landis-Pappenheimer equation (F1) and the modified equation (F2) of the same authors. Two groups, each of 50 males and 50 females were formed. Those persons with altered routine laboratory tests that could modify COP were discarded. COP was determined with IL 186 Weil Oncometer and also calculated with both Landis-Pappenheimer equations (F1 and F2). An statistical analysis was made to see if age had any influence on COP. Results in males, measured COP was 27.22 +/- 2.51 torr, calculated COP by F1 was 26.646 +/- 2.38 torr, and calculated COP by F2 was 27.814 +/- 2.43 torr. In females, measured COP was 26.8 +/- 1.71 torr, calculated COP by F1 was 26.9476 +/ 2.005 torr, and calculated COP by F2 was 28.09 +/- 2.0984 torr. Measured COP regardless sex was 27.01 +/- 2.15. Using the variance analysis and the minimal significative differences (MSD) it was seen that measured COP and calculated COP by F1 can be used either one with 95 per cent of credibility in healthy ambulant adult. Using the aforementioned statistical procedure it was noted a lower figure between 30 and 35 years that at any other studied age. PMID- 7294941 TI - Detection of inborn errors of metabolism in 1,117 patients studied because of suspected inherited disease. AB - Results of screening tests for the detection of inborn errors of metabolism in 1,117 consecutive patients are reported in this work; patients came for a second consultation to the Departamento de Genetica, Centro Medico de Occidente, IMSS. Simple qualitative test were made that revealed the presence of abnormal metabolites (amino-acids, sugars, organic acids and mucopolysaccharides) in urine and blood as well as identification tests for variant proteins. Results were positive in 138 patients and test for confirmation and/or specificity were made in all patients; in 35 the following diagnosis and incidence were established: classic galactosemia, 2; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, 20; essential pentosuria, 1; hyperphenylalaninemia, 5; blue diaper syndrome, 1; cistinuria 1, and type 1 mucopolysaccharidosis, 5. PMID- 7294942 TI - Methods for tissue extraction of sodium diphenylhydantoinate. AB - Procedures (I and II) are described here for tissue extraction of sodium diphenylhydantoin. Both methods imply: a) cell lysis with distilled water and sodium hydroxide respectively, and b) protein precipitation. Procedure I utilizing trichloroacetic acid to a 20 per cent dilution in tissue homogenates and II requiring two protein precipitation stages, one with hot acetone and the second with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Sediment and acidified aqueous phases were extracted several times with chloroform. An experiment implied in vitro application of the radioactive compound to previously weighed portions of the brain, cerebellum, liver and kidney of gerbo mongol. Another experiment consisted in applying the same procedures for tissue drug extraction after injection of the marked compound. In both experiments recoveries ranged from 95 to 98 per cent with variation coefficients under 8 per cent and p less than 0.01. Therefore we recommend both procedures although the second yields more transparent end extracts. PMID- 7294943 TI - Serum epidemiology of eastern, western and Venezuelan equine encephalitides in Mexico. AB - The presence of HI antibodies for the Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitis was investigated in 16,405 human sera collected in 47 communities in the Mexican Republic. It was found that there is a high percentage of individuals who have antibodies against Venezuelan equine encephalitis. In turn, it was discovered that persons with Western equine encephalitis virus antibodies live in the northwestern states of the country. Very few cases with Eastern equine encephalitis antibodies were detected. PMID- 7294945 TI - [Sensory innervation of the palmar and plantar digital cushions of the rat and guinea pig]. PMID- 7294944 TI - Radioprotecting effect of propylgalate and butylated hydroxyanisol. AB - It has been reported that a great part of the deleterious effect caused by ionizing radiations is due to oxidative phenomena. The purpose of this work was to investigate if some antioxidants commonly used in the food industry might have a radioprotecting effect. N propyl-galate (NPG), hydroxyanisol-butylated (HAB) and hydroxytoluene-butylated (HTB) were utilized. Forty BALB/C mice that received 600 rads of gamma irradiation from a 60Co emitter died 17.12 +/- 7.82 days after. Thirteen mice that were injected 5 mg of NPG 24 hours and 30 minutes before radiation survived for more than 90 days. This same effect was observed in 13 mice that were also injected with 10 mg NPC and in other 13 that received 10 mg of HAB in the same way. Doses of 5 mg HAB or 5 and 10 mg HTB did not have a radioprotecting effect. When the radiation dose was increased to 800 rads, the radioprotecting effect was absent with any of the NPG, HAB or HTB doses. In protected mice, preservation of higher numbers of hematopoietic cells were observed in the bone marrow together with slight reduction of chromosomal fractures. There results show that antioxidants used in the food industry have a radioprotecting effect that had not been investigated. PMID- 7294946 TI - [The absorbing lymphatic vessel of the intestinal villus in some functional and experimental conditions]. PMID- 7294947 TI - [Bone lesions in newborn infants of mothers taking anticonvulsants]. PMID- 7294948 TI - [Congenital hypopituitarism associated with mid-line defects (author's transl)]. AB - 14 cases of hypopituitarism associated with mid-line defects are reported: 7 with septo-optic dysplasia, 5 with agenesis of corpus callosum and septum pellucidum without optical lesion (2 with cleft palate), 1 with familial pituitary aplasia and 1 with mediofrontal cutaneous aplasia. The most striking features in these patients are: precocious signs of pituitary deficiency, mainly hypoglycemia; micropenis and cryptorchidism in males; decrease of growth velocity 2 months to 6 years after birth. Neuroradiological investigations, evaluation of somatotropic and corticotropic secretions with glucagon test, and evaluation of thyrotropin and prolactin secretion with thyroliberin test, offer in the youngest patients the best way to precocious diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7294949 TI - [Complication of a vegetarian diet in a breast-fed girl (author's transl)]. AB - A case is presented of megaloblastic anemia with metabolic acidosis. The baby was eleven months old. She was strictly fed with human milk from a vegetarian mother. Baby's and mother's B 12 serum levels were low. Baby's weight and neurological development were retarded. Complications included acido-cetosis, coagulation disorder and liver disorder. All these problems were corrected by cobalamine supplementation. X-rays also disclosed bone demineralization. PMID- 7294950 TI - [Systematic hip roentgenograms in infants of 4 months of age in the screening for congenital dislocation of the hip (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the results of a statistical study undertaken for the screening of congenital dislocation of the hip. 961 children born between September 24, 1977 and June 30, 1978 were examined. Congenital dislocation of the hip was diagnosed in 9 (0.9 % of the cases). Out of these, 4 had no clinical sign of dislocatability at birth. The only determination of acetabular angles cannot be relied upon and qualitative criteria such as ilium thickness must be added. PMID- 7294951 TI - [Juvenile and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 2 case reports (author's transl)]. AB - The case report of two brothers who evidenced neurological disorders with peripheral nerve syndrome, pyramidal deficit and bulbar symptoms is described. The diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was assumed upon the association of these clinical features. Seven and nine years respectively after the beginning of the disease, an increase of the clinical features was noticed in the 2 children, more pronounced in the second one. The possibility of true juvenile and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is discussed in this study; different aspects of this disease are described. A final classification of these 2 cases will not be possible until histological features are available. PMID- 7294953 TI - [Maternal treatment with indomethacin and severe neonatal pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report five cases of premature newborns whose mothers had been treated with indomethacin. In all patients, clinical and biological symptoms were those of pulmonary hypertension with persistence of the fetal circulation. In two cases, autopsy showed an important reduction of the lumen of pulmonary arterioles due to a thickening of the tunica media. The role of indomethacin in such respiratory syndrome is very likely. Therefore, indications for that treatment in pregnant women should be reduced. PMID- 7294954 TI - [Portal hypertension complicating Gaucher's disease (author's transl)]. AB - On the occasion of a case of Gaucher's disease associated with portal hypertension and after reviewing similar cases in the literature, the following conclusions can be proposed: portal hypertension is a very rare complication of Gaucher's disease. An intrahepatic block or, more rarely, a constrictive pericarditis should be discussed. Splenectomy, which could be responsible for postoperative portal thrombosis, should be carried out only in patients with severe hypersplenism. In cases with proven portal hypertension, the indication for portacaval shunting should take into account the peculiar circumstances related to Gaucher's disease. PMID- 7294952 TI - [Phenocopy of trisomy 18: an autosomal recessive disease? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294955 TI - [Familial trisomy 10q (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294956 TI - [Radiological case of the month: pneumoperitoneum]. PMID- 7294957 TI - [Virilizing adrenal congenital hyperplasia: progress in the last 2 decades and current trends]. PMID- 7294958 TI - [Treatment with hGH. Factors influencing response in children with somatotrophic insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was designated to investigate causes of hGH treatment failure in 59 prepubertal children, with idiopathic or organic GH deficiency. Children with height gain of less than 6 cm during the first year of treatment were the oldest, those with tallest stature, and had a lower growth rate prior to treatment. Increase of growth rate was negatively correlated with pre-treatment growth rate. Poor results were chiefly observed in children with tumoral organic hypopituitarism or after irradiation of the brain. Finally hGH doses appeared to be similar when two groups with respectively poor and good results were compared, indicating a major role of endogenous factors. PMID- 7294959 TI - [Accidental poisoning with gentamicin in an infant. Treatment with peritoneal dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294960 TI - [Post-streptococcal edematous scleroderma with myocardial involvement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294961 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse revealed by a cerebral vascular accident in a 9 year-old child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294962 TI - [The placement of young children on medical advice. Psychological and social aspects (author's transl)]. AB - The various aspects of the placement of young children on medical indications are considered on the basis of a pediatric and psychiatric study carried out in the Indre et Loire French department. The aim of the study is not to criticize the personnel in charge of the placements or the quality of the institutions, but to show how a generally satisfactory practice may also entail unrecognized risks. At present, placements solely for medical indications are unusual, and the reasons for such placements are largely psychological and/or social. Supervision of placement decision should be entrusted to competent services, and all decisions should be taken according to the best interest of the children. PMID- 7294963 TI - [Chylothorax in children and newborn infants]. PMID- 7294964 TI - Motor neuron branching patterns in psychotic patients. AB - Excessive branching of subterminal motor nerves and multiple innervation of skeletal muscle fibers were significantly more common in 102 psychotic patients of various diagnostic types than in 23 age-matched normal control subjects. Increased branching of subterminal motor nerves was significantly more common in paranoid schizophrenic patients than in nonparanoid schizophrenic patients and normal control subjects. The results support the hypothesis of a neurogenic origin of the skeletal muscle fiber abnormalities that have been reported in psychotic patients. PMID- 7294965 TI - Creatine kinase isozymes in the serum and CSF of schizophrenic patients. AB - Newly admitted psychotic patients often have elevations of serum creatine kinase (CK) enzymatic activity. Previous studies indicate that this increase consists of the muscle (MM) isozyme, and increases in the brain (BB) isozyme have not been observed. Using sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays that detect both active and inactive enzyme, we measured CK-MM and CK-BB in the serum and CSF of 100 patients with schizophrenia who were not newly admitted but whose conditions varied from acute to chronic to determine whether CK-MM or CK-BB appears in the CSF and whether CK-BB can be found in the serum of these patients. We found no unusual concentrations of either isozyme in CSF. We did observe a few elevations in serum CK-BB levels, but this test does not appear to be of diagnostic value for schizophrenic patients who are not newly admitted. PMID- 7294966 TI - Postpsychotic depressive symptoms in hospitalized schizophrenic patients. AB - Through chart review, we examined the incidence of depression-like symptoms and syndromes during the postpsychotic period of hospitalization in 50 patients whose conditions were diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) as being schizophrenia. Twenty patients (40%) reported experiencing substantial subjective sadness, and 17 (34%) were observed by staff to appear depressed. In 11 (22%), symptoms were noted in a pattern that would satisfy RDC for a minor depressive syndrome, and in an additional three patients (6%) the symptom pattern met criteria for a major depressive syndrome. These findings indicate that postpsychotic depressive symptomatology occurs relatively often in patients with schizophrenia diagnosed by stringent criteria, but that full syndromal manifestations of depression occur less frequently. PMID- 7294967 TI - Strategies to attract psychiatrists to state mental hospital work. Results from a survey of potential employees. AB - Psychiatric residents in five states were surveyed concerning the persuasiveness of 20 policy options designed to make career work in a state mental hospital (SMH) more attractive. The most persuasive options involved either part-time employment or structural changes within the health care provision system. Persuasive structural changes included integration with other health care facilities, increased use of allied health personnel, and improved quality of care within the SMH. Further analysis was performed to examine differences across subpopulations of respondents and to examine differences among types of classes of options. both long- and short-term remedies designed to help alleviate the shortage of psychiatrists in SMHs are discussed. PMID- 7294968 TI - Medical students' attitudes about psychiatry. Implications for psychiatric recruitment. AB - A questionnaire study of 204 senior medical students at two East Coast schools revealed that most were favorable about psychiatry and psychiatrists. When queried concerning criticisms, many stated doubts about the scientific rigor, therapeutic efficacy, and appropriate roles of psychiatrists. Psychiatric clerkships strongly influences student attitudes. Students were especially pleased with opportunities to work directly with patients and to observe psychiatrists doing so. Students were negatively influenced by the antipsychiatry views of nonpsychiatric faculty, house staff, and peers. The findings are discussed with reference to various explanations for the recent decline in psychiatric recruitment and a connection with the rise of family practice is proposed. Direct confrontation of student criticisms, questions, and misconceptions about psychiatry and advocacy of the special expertise and practice opportunities may improve both students' attitudes and psychiatric recruitment. PMID- 7294969 TI - gamma-Type endorphins and schizophrenia. PMID- 7294970 TI - Effect of (des-Tyr1)-gamma-endorphin on prolactin secretion. PMID- 7294971 TI - System of rabbit antigens which elicit skin-reacting transplantation antibodies and are different from RLA. AB - Relationship between the rabbit histocompatibility RLA system and antigens eliciting skin-reacting transplantation antibodies (SRTA) was studied. The rabbit sera obtained by alloimmunization with skin transplant were investigated in the dye-exclusion cytotoxic test with lymphocytes and in the skin test on a panel of the outbred rabbits. Basing on a pairwise analysis of reactions in the cytotoxic test, some of these sera were classified into three groups of significantly correlated anti-RLA 1, 2, 3 sera. Analysis of reactions in the skin test revealed two groups of significantly correlated sera different from anti-RLA 1, 2, 3, which were designated as anti-SA and anti-SB. All anti-SA and anti-SB sera were also examined in the agglutination test with a panel of red blood cells but none of them was capable of agglutination. Study on tissue distribution of RLA and antigens eliciting SRTA showed that both systems are shared by skin and lymphoid tissue but in the brain tissue only antigens eliciting SRTA were present. PMID- 7294972 TI - The effect of ampicillin on the response of human lymphocytes to PHA. AB - The effect of ampicillin on the sensitivity of human lymphocytes to PHA was examined by measuring the following parameters: temperature-stable E rosette formation: leukocyte migration inhibition: DNA synthesis. It was found, that ampicillin present in the culture medium at a concentration of 50 microgram/ml does not change E rosette formation, intensifies the inhibition of leukocyte migration and modulates the proliferative response to PHA. The magnitude and direction of this last effect depended upon the preparation of PHA used and on its dose. Ampicillin enhanced DNA synthesis in cultures stimulated by submitogenic, as well as supraoptimal doses of PHA-Wellcome and suppressed the DNA synthesis in cultures containing optimal mitogenic doses of PHA-Difco. PMID- 7294973 TI - The effect of ampicillin on antibody dependent (ADCC) and lectin induced (LICC) cellular cytotoxicity. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, preincubated in ampicillin-containing media, exhibited a markedly decreased antibody-dependent (ADCC) and lectin-induced (LICC) cellular cytotoxicity against L1210 target cells in 9 out of 20 and 7 out of 13 donors, respectively. Additional experiments revealed that ampicillin effect on ADCC is based upon the blocking of the Fcgamma receptor resynthesis, in the case of their damage occurring in the process of cell separation. PMID- 7294974 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of concanavalin A. IV. The effect of Con A on the local graft versus host (GvH) reaction in the mouse popliteal lymph node. AB - In the applied parental F1 hybrid system, the GvH character of the regional lymph node reaction was checked against syngeneic and the absolute control systems. It was found that a cortical B-cell zone of the recipients did not participate in the acute phase of the GvH reaction. Cytologically, the GvH response consisted in a significant increase in large pyroninophilic cells, histologically - in a cellular proliferation and pyroninophilia, as well as in a marked angiogenesis beyond the cortical zone of the lymph node. The injection of Con A into the F1 hybrid mice, 24 hours before the administration of the parental cells, inhibited the earlier (presumably donor origin) cellular reaction and intensified the later (presumably host origin) response. PMID- 7294975 TI - Lack of homology between human and chicken K cells. AB - Evidence for lack of homology between human and chicken K cells is presented. K cell activity was demonstrated by means of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). It was shown that human lymphocytes do not cooperate with avian antibodies in killing target cells by ADCC mechanism and that chicken lymphocytes do not mediate ADCC with mammalian antibodies. PMID- 7294976 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of the analgesic morphine 6-nicotinate in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294977 TI - [Inhibition of platelet aggregation by 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines: evidence for 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonistic activities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294978 TI - [Saliva and serum concentrations of meprobamate after a single oral dose]. PMID- 7294979 TI - [1-Methylhydantoin, an unexpected metabolite of the intelligence-affecting substance dupracetam (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294980 TI - [Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, IX: Racemic and optically active aryl(biphenylyl)hydroxypropionic acids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294981 TI - Studies on coumarins, I. PMID- 7294982 TI - Some basic derivatives of pummerer's ketone. PMID- 7294983 TI - [Heterocycles, LIII: Syntheses and antibacterial activity of 2-aryl-4-R-5 glyoxyloylthiazoles (author's transl)]. PMID- 7294984 TI - Fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - In the literature a total of 27 cases of thoracic and lumbar fractures in ankylosing spondylitis have previously been reported in contrast to cervical fractures which are more common. Transvertebral fractures are relatively rare amounting to 8 cases. The majority of the fractures were transdiscal. Here three additional cases with four fractures are reported. Of these fractures two were transvertebral and two transdiscal. All reported fractures are reviewed regarding age, sex, trauma, fracture localization and type, neurologic complications and fracture healing. Compared to cervical fractures there are less neurological complications in thoracic and lumbar fractures (23%) in ankylosing spondylitis. These fractures mostly heal by moderate immobilisation. Attention should be paid to the possibility of fracture in ankylosing spondylitis even after minor trauma. PMID- 7294985 TI - Anterior subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau. A new clinical test and the morbidity of this type of knee instability. AB - A new clinical test is presented for the diagnosis of anterolateral knee instability. The advantages of the test are obviation of apprehension- and muscle spasm avoiding false negative results and also the recognition by the patient of his sensation of "collapsing at the knee". This allows for differentiation between "giving away" due to a torn meniscus alone and concomitant anterolateral knee instability. It implies important consequences for prognosis and treatment of the knee problem of the athlete. Underlying pathology consists of a torn anterior cruciate ligament and primary or secondary stretching of the soft tissues at the lateral and posterolateral capsule. These lesions and a positive test for anterolateral knee instability does not inevitably result in a disability for sports activity. The dynamic muscular control protects the knee in many instances from collapsing at cross over cutting. PMID- 7294986 TI - The geometrical properties of human femur and tibia and their importance for the mechanical behaviour of these bone structures. AB - A series of non pathological human tibial and femoral bones have been tested in torsional loading at high strain rates. Elastic (torsional stiffness) and ultimate properties (Tmax) have been determined. A geometrical description of the individual bone structures has been performed by determination of the polar moment of inertia (assuming axial symmetry), variation of this parameter along the long axis of the bone and length of the specimen between the grips. A fairly accurate prediction of mechanical behaviour of bone structures could be obtained using these geometrical parameters. The high variation of elastic and ultimate properties of whole bone structures in torsional loading is primarily the result of the high variation of polar moment of inertia for the different bone specimens. PMID- 7294987 TI - Glass-ceramic coated implants. A simple model for a loaded hip prosthesis with a bioactive interface. AB - The favorable histological results at the bone-implant-interface of glass ceramic material are well-known. The mechanical properties of the solid material limit it's application for implants. Therefore metallic hip implants had been coated by glass ceramic granules, by a special technique, to transfer the bioactive property of the glass ceramic on to the metal stem. The following loaded experiments in rabbits with a simple model of a hip endoprosthesis showed a direct and tight bonding between implant surface and surrounding new bone formation. These findings demonstrate a possibility to anchor a joint endoprosthesis without the use of bone cement. PMID- 7294988 TI - [The lag screw fixation of medial femoral neck fractures (author's transl)]. AB - The lag screw osteosynthesis of medial femoral neck fractures is a straightforward procedure with little danger of complications. A conclusion may be drawn from the results of several authors that this method may even have a favourable influence in reducing the frequency of pseudarthrosis. In order to come to a final conclusion, however, the results of large treatment programmes would have to be studied. Fractures which are technically accurately treated allow probably full weight bearing. Lag screw osteosynthesis using more than 2 spongiosa screws in a parallel position has proved, both theoretically and practically, to be a useful method of treatment. The caudal screws increase the stability due to their position on the caudal rim of the femoral neck, while the cranial screws ensure against rotation and exertion of tensile force. PMID- 7294989 TI - Mechanical failure modes in total knee replacement. AB - In an attempt to define failure modes, a study of 39 knees which failed mechanically has been carried out. In 7 cases failure occurred on the femoral side and in 32 on the tibial side. There was fracture of one femoral component. All femoral loosenings and/or sinkage occurred in malaligned components. Two main tibial failure modes were noted, lateral subluxation of the tibia on the femur leading to loosening and sinkage of the tibial component. Release of popliteus prevents lateral subluxation. Correct component alignment and the use of a large area tibial component resting on the cortices should decrease the incidence of tibial sinkage. PMID- 7294990 TI - The significance of the axial foot projection in the diagnosis of metatarsal pathology. AB - Metatarsalgia is a symptom and not a disease. Three cases, as examples, are presented to highlight the need for axial roentgenograms of the forefoot in order to elicit the pathology missed by regular posterior-anterior and lateral roentgenograms. PMID- 7294991 TI - Our operative approach to the elbow joint. AB - Several surgical approaches to the elbow joint have been described. The disadvantage of all is an insufficient view of a single incision to the anterior and posterior as well as the ulnar aspect of the joint. They require therefore an additional incision or the resection of the radial head with a detachment of the radial collateral ligament. Our single incision allows for an extensive view to the anterior and posterior aspect of the elbow joint without resection of the radial head and the sacrificing of the radial collateral ligaments. It makes in most instances an additional ulnar incision unnecessary. This incision has mainly been tested for subtotal elbow synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis, for the mobilization of posttraumatic stiff elbows and the removal of loose bodies as in chondromatosis. PMID- 7294993 TI - Bone-metal bonding after Kirschner wire studding. A case observation. AB - A clinical case is reported on in which there were difficulties in removing Kirschner wires from the bone four years after arthrodeses of a shoulder. These could only be removed with great force. They displayed muff-like mantling with bone. The histological investigations revealed that the bone had deposited directly on the metal surface and that absolutely stable bonding between the bone and the metal had occurred. In connection with similar observations in the literature, the importance of this case is pointed out with regard to the cement free implantation of endoprostheses. PMID- 7294992 TI - Observations of the blood supply to the fibula. AB - In the surgery of upper and lower extremities autotransplantation of the fibula is often used to bridge extensive bone defects. However, insufficient blood supply affects the long-term results. Microsurgery yields better results. We investigated the blood supply of the fibula to guarantee a careful operation method and the selection of suitable grafts. In 295 fibulae the foramina nutritiva and the periosteal vessels were investigated light microscopically. Moreover, by means of five amputation preparations the course of A. poplitea and its ramifications and of all nutritive vessels was shown roentgenologically and anatomically by popliteal angiography and stain injection, respectively. The foramina nutritiva were located as follows: 66.4% in the upper third, 15% in the middle, and 13.5% in the lower third of the fibula. Double foramina were noticed 10 times, no foramina 5 times. Consequences for the operative procedure are discussed. PMID- 7294994 TI - Causes of atlanto-axial dislocation and the strength of posterior fixation An experimental study. PMID- 7294995 TI - Surface replacement of the hip. Experimental studies. AB - Surface replacement of the hip has been performed in 25 rabbits. Twenty animals were chosen for evaluation of the result of the operation after an average period of five months postoperatively. Tetracycline injections were given for fluorochrome labeling and radiographic controls have been made in vivo to check the position of the cup before the animals were sacrificed. Histological examinations were made from slides, which were gained after the metal cup had been removed with the bone cement still in place. It was found that the bone underneath the cup survived the surface replacement and that there was a normal metabolism further on. The trabeculae even grew into the surface structures of the inner layer of the bone cement and there was no interposition of membranes of fibrous tissue. It could be demonstrated that fibrous tissue between bone and bone cement is found only in cases of loosening of the cup and the cement or in cases of insufficient contact between this interface from the moment of the operation on. This is possible when air bubbles arise in the bone cement and get in contact with the trabeculae of the femoral head. Fluorochrome labeling proved the formation of new bone underneath the cup and the survival of the osseous structures of the coxal end of the femur. We believe, that in clinical cases it is necessary to remove all predamaged cancellous bone from the head of the femur (i.e. in cases of avascular necrosis) before the cup is attached. Close contact between the bone cement and the healthy spongiosa is one of the conditions for success in surface replacement of the hip. PMID- 7294997 TI - Operative treatment of recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons. AB - Simple operation for refixation of the superior retinaculum of the peroneal tendon for treatment of recurrent dislocations of the peroneal tendon is described. The prepared retinaculum is fixed into a cleft of the lateral malleolus with a screw. This operation is also suitable for treatment of the recurrent dislocation of the posterior tibialis tendon. PMID- 7294996 TI - The operative treatment of congenital scoliosis. A review of 26 cases. AB - The experiences with 26 personal cases of congenital scolioses operated on between 1970 and 1980 are presented. The average postoperative follow-up is 3 1/2 years. The natural complexity of spine malformations with predominant lateral deviation is discussed and demonstrated. Accordingly, a number of varying anterior and posterior operative methods were used in the individual case. The scope of operative methods used in this series is outlined. Characteristic patterns of spine malformation and the individual sequence of operative procedures applied are explained and documented by case demonstrations. The overall correction of all curves operated on was 38%. When cases chosen for combined staged anterior and posterior surgery were looked at separately the percentage of average correction rose to 51%. PMID- 7294998 TI - Quantitative investigations on newly-built bone and defects. Its time-dependent changes of morphological and biomechanical properties. AB - Bone growth in drillholes in sheep tibiae were examined morphologically and biomechanically after 4, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Selected bone specimens were removed from the defective areas and used to determine the strength and, with the aid of microradiographs, the volume of new bone. Strength as well as volume of new bone increased in the defects within the healing time. However, the strength of the newly-formed bone reached only 20% of the strength of normal cortical bone. This is caused by the random structure of new bone which, despite the repair of the defect and the nearly normal mineralization, is not yet adapted to the adjacent normal cortical bone. PMID- 7294999 TI - The foot-ground pressure distribution following triple arthrodesis. AB - The present is a long-term follow-up study of patients who underwent triple arthrodesis for a variety of pathologic alterations. Utilizing a new method for both the qualitative and quantitative measurement of foot-ground pressure patterns, these patterns were recorded in forty control feet and twenty-six operated feet. In the patient group, less equal distribution of body weight between both feet was observed in comparison to the control group. In the latter, the main load underneath the foot was distributed underneath the forefoot and heel, while in the patient group, this load distribution had persistently shifted to the midfoot and heel, thus producing a completely different foot-ground pressure pattern. Furthermore, under the forefoot, the main load was located under the medial two rays in the control group, shifting towards the lateral rays in the patient group. The talo-navicular joint had the highest rate of non-union, but no positive correlation between that finding and persistent pain was found. Feet affected by neurological disorders often became pain-free following surgery, but none of the patients showed such post-traumatic relief. PMID- 7295000 TI - Stress fractures in young athletes. AB - In a series of 16 cases of stress fractures in 15-year-old and younger athletes 8 fractures occurred in boys and 8 in girls. There were no differences between the sexes in the athletes' training habits. Ten of the fractures were located at the tibia, seven at its upper third and three at the lower part of the bone. Three fractures were found in the fibula, in the metatarsal bones two stress fractures and in the femur one stress fracture. Most stress fractures were caused by endurance type sports. The daily training distances were not particularly high at the time of the onset of the symptoms. In most cases the diagnosis was based on a radiological evaluation. A sufficiently long pause from all athletic activity was enough treatment. Stress fractures in children are very uncommon. PMID- 7295001 TI - [Fracture of condylus radialis humeri during skeletal growth (author's transl)]. AB - A long term follow-up study of 54 fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus was done to assess their special problems during the period of skeletal growth. It was demonstrated, that valgisation of the carrying angle will always be a result of an increasing displacement of the peripheral fragment. Furthermore it was shown that the most significant growth disturbance following this fracture is a partial stimulation of the radial part of the growth plate. This leads to radial overgrowth and thereby to varus deformity of the axis of the elbow joint. The extent of this varus deformity is significantly dependent on the time interval between fracture and consolidation. The premature partial closure of the radial side of the growth plate is of no importance clinically. The causes for general growth disturbance as well as fishtail deformities are shown. To eliminate instability of the fracture and to reduce the duration of the consolidation period a metaphyseal AO-screw for compression osteosynthesis is recommended. PMID- 7295003 TI - Changes in compression and distances between tibial and femoral condyles during immobilization of rabbit knee. AB - The compression forces and the distances between tibial and femoral condyles were measured during the development of osteoarthritis produced by immobilizing rabbit knees. The compression was measured in both the immobilized and non-immobilized knees with a sub-miniature pressure sensor. Compression increased up to threefold during the four first weeks of immobilization and decreased thereafter to below the initial level. These results give one explantation why immobilization produced degenerative joint changes; they also support the hypothesis that capsular tissues can play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. PMID- 7295002 TI - Application of free autogenous fibular graft in the treatment of aggressive bone tumours of the distal end of the radius. AB - Long-term results of the application of free autogenous fibular graft in the treatment of aggressive bone tumours of the distal end of the radius are presented. Six patients underwent radical resection of the tumour including the articular surface of the distal radius during the period 1969 to 1978, the average follow-up time being 5 years. In one case the tumour was low grade chondrosarcoma, in three cases a giant cell tumour grade two to three and in the remaining two a hemangioma. Five to twelve cm of the distal radius was resected and the defect was replaced using the ipsilateral proximal part of the fibula as free graft. Osteosynthesis was performed end to end with a plate fixation, or side to side with screw fixation. At follow-up, the range of motion in the radiocarpal joint was normal or close to normal in each case and all patients had returned to work within 6 months of the operation. None of the patients presented a recidive of the tumour. PMID- 7295006 TI - The bending stability of cemented femoral neck osteotomies. An experimental study. AB - Stabilization by bone cement in combination with a nail improves significantly the bending stability of experimental femoral neck osteotomies compared with fixation by a simple Thornton's nail. The stability achieved by a cemented nail in cases of femoral neck fractures, seems to be sufficient for the dynamic forces acting upon the femoral head during carefully walking with full weight-bearing. However, there are still many unanswered questions concerning clinical use of bone cement in femoral neck fractures. PMID- 7295005 TI - Spinal pseudarthrosis with paraplegia in ankylosing spondylitis. A case report. AB - Destructive lesions of vertebral bodies in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have for a long time been regarded as inflammatory changes, sometimes of tuberculous etiology. However, observations during recent years have established that these destructions in fact are non-unions after fractures. A case of spinal pseudarthrosis with paraplegia in a patient with advanced AS is presented. After combined anterior and posterior decompression as well as fusion using plate fixation, the neurological symptoms regressed completely and early mobilization of the patient was possible. PMID- 7295004 TI - Diaphyseal fractures of both bones of the lower leg with associated injury of the ankle mortise. AB - Fractures of both bones of the lower leg may be accompanied by a disruption of the mortise with a shortening of the fibula. This combination was observed in four cases reported in this paper. The incidence of this injury may be higher if proper physical and radiological examinations are performed. Therefore, a thorough clinical and radiographic examination of the ankle joint is imperative, before and after reduction of the tibial fracture. Any shortening of the fibula should be corrected surgically, preferable at the time of injury. Malunion should be treated by corrective osteotomy. PMID- 7295007 TI - [Does the fibrin glue accelerate the healing of tendons? (author's transl)]. AB - The question of an accelerating influence of the fibrin adhesive (Immuno AG, Vienna) on healing has been investigated in the suture of heel tendons of 69 rabbits. The achilles-tendon cut through was anastomosed in typical way, but besides in the one group a homologous fibrinogen-cryoprecipitate was applied. The histological and biomechanical evaluations of the anastomosis were carried out after one, two and four weeks. By means of the fibrin adhesive the loading capacity of the healing tendons could not be accelerated. The data of rupture stress were in the control group after one week 1.65 kg (+/- 1.14) and after two weeks 8.66 kg (+/- 1.38) and in the fibrin group 2.13 kg (+/-1.28) respectively 7.76 kg (+/-2.19). The difference between the two groups is not significant. Four weeks postoperatively the test could not be carried out, for the anchorage of the tendons at the material testing machine was not possible for over 15 kg stress strain. Histologically a distinct difference of the repair process of the tendons operated on could not be seen in the two groups either. PMID- 7295008 TI - [Morbus Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker. The Sch. family-a report of three cases (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical symptoms from three cases and histological findings from two patients suffering from morbus Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (M-GSS) are reported. This disease belongs to the group of subacute spongiform encephalopathies. It is extremely rare and so far has only been observed in 52 members of four large families, in which the symptoms begin between the age of 33 and 50 and lead to death in 4-5 years. In the family reported here, cerebellar symptoms including myoclonia and later dementia, bulbar, and pyramidal symptoms were typical; two patients also had deterioration of vision and hearing. CSF and other biochemical data were normal. The EEGs showed progressive general slowing without periodic dysrhythmia. Evoked potential gave no evidence of demyelinization. The disease may safely be distinguished from morbus Creutzfeldt Jakob (M-CJ) and Alzheimer's disease by histology, which reveals kuru plaques in most cases and invariably multicentric plaques as well as cortical spongiform changes of varying degree with loss of nerve cells and glial proliferation; however, only minor degenerative alterations in the cortical vessels are seen. The transmission to monkeys and histological similarities to M-CJ and kuru suggest a slow virus related to that causing scrapie. Alternatively, the genetically determined susceptibility of the patient may decide the type of reaction to the slow virus. The disposition to M-GSS is autosomally dominant. PMID- 7295009 TI - [Effects of carbamazepine on EEG. Neuroendocrinological and psychometric examinations (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of carbamazepine on EEG, sleep-related release of growth hormone and prolactin, and on psychometric parameters were studied in ten healthy volunteers under controlled double-blind cross-over conditions. Acute application of 300 and 600 mg Tegretal resulted in constant blood levels around 3.0 and 5.5 microgram/ml respectively during the test periods of 5 and 7 h. Computerized EEG analysis according to Hjorth, revealed an occipital increase of amplitude and a decrease of mean frequency, but a frontal increase of frequency, a pattern similar to that of the tricyclic antidepressants. The polygraphic sleep pattern showed a significant decrease of sleep latency after 600 mg carbamazepine without changes of other sleep parameters. The sleep-related release of growth hormone after 600 mg carbamazepine showed a faster increase during the first sleep cycle; the profile of prolactin release, however, and the overall nocturnal secretion of both hormones were not affected. After 300 mg carbamazepine the psychometric tests revealed no significant effects on performance, but reflected an improvement of mood on self rating scales. PMID- 7295010 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase in healthy subjects: the "biochemical high-risk paradigm" revisited. AB - Activity of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) has repeatedly been reported to be associated with various forms of psychopathology. This investigation was designed to reexamine the "biochemical high-risk paradigm" developed by Buchsbaum et al. (1976). In 383 healthy students (193 males, 190 females) platelet MAO activity was measured. The 35 students with the lowest and 37 with the highest enzyme activities were then examined with three personality tests (16 PF of Cattell, Freiburger Personlichkeitsinventar, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Furthermore, biographic data with respect to psychosocial problems were explored. There were no consistent differences between subjects with low or high MAO. Therefore, we could not confirm any correlation between psychopathology and platelet MAO in this study. PMID- 7295011 TI - [Marked life events prior to an acute schizophrenic episode. Comparison of a sample of first admissions with a normal sample (author's transl)]. AB - Brown and Birley demonstrated a triggering effect in schizophrenic disorders for life events. In our study no similar result was found. As many events were discovered in controls as in first admission schizophrenic patients for the two 3 month periods assessed: 1-3 months and 4-6 months prior to onset of an acute episode or prior to interview. But methodology used in this study differs with respect to the periods assessed: Brown and Birley used 3-week periods, we used 3 month periods. Patients as well as controls reported significantly more events for the period immediately prior to the onset or interview. We suppose that neither patients nor controls actually experienced fewer events in the second period but that they remembered more of them for the period nearer to the interview. PMID- 7295012 TI - [Clinical applications of visual evoked potentials for detection of chiasmal and postchiasmal lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded in 18 patients with pathologic processes confirmed by computerized tomography in the chiasmal (n = 9) and parietooccipital region (n = 9). Reactions from the right and left hemisphere could be recorded separately in spite of using a simple one-channel apparatus and electrodes only at Oz and Cz. In 17 cases changes of the VEP provided information concerning the localization and extension of the lesion. In chiasmal processes we found a prolongation of monocular latencies, and a delayed or extinguished reaction to half-field stimulation from temporal retinal areas. However, the VEP was often pathologic for half-field stimulation of the nasal hemiretina. Pathologic VEPs were not always accompanied by visual field defects. In contrary to patients with chiasmal processes no pathologic reaction could be found to full field stimulation in parieto-occipital lesions. Only when the affected hemisphere was stimulated selectively were diminution of amplitudes, prolongation of latencies, or extinguished responses observed. The VEP changes were uniform despite the cause of the lesion (tumor, ischemia). In chiasmal and parieto occipital processes the VEP supplements computerized tomography by detecting deficits in function. This method appears suitable for monitoring the course of disease before and after neurosurgery. PMID- 7295013 TI - [20 years of treatment of hydrocephalus. A catamnestic application (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1961 and 1966 hydrocephalus operations were performed on 237 children; 66 had a myelocele, 105 had a hydrocephalus communicans and 66 a hydrocephalus occlusus. Of these 237 cases 78 (33%) died. Of the surviving 159 follow-up data are available on 140 (88%). Since 1969 nearly all have been psychologically examined at regular 2-year intervals. The mean IQ were: Myeloceles: 94 +/- 20.42; hydrocephalus communicans: 87 +/- 26.01; hydrocephalus occlusus: 79 +/- 28.07; total group: 88 +/- 24.10. The results of the long-term study showed a stable development in 61%, an improvement in 29% and a deterioration in 10% of the cases. The development of mental ability is described in relation to neurological deficits and cerebral seizures. The number of shunt-revision operations had no influence. In addition to the familial background, the school career and kind of final school-examination is stated. Of the school leavers (44%), 52% took a final school examination (44% primary school examination, 6% secondary school lower certificate and 2% school-leaving examination). Finally, the data for their choice of profession is given. Considering the course of their development to date, it may be anticipated, that approximately 60% of those 140 young people will be able to practise a normal professional life. PMID- 7295014 TI - [Correlation of infarctions of the visual cortex with homonymous visual field defects. A computer tomographic study (author's transl)]. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is a simple and non-invasive method of demonstrating infarctions of the visual cortex. Seventy-eight CT-proven infarctions were correlated with the visual field defects. This correlation between cortical infarctions and visual field defects is difficult to achieve by angiography because of the variations in the vascular supply. CT, on the other hand, provides a far better correlation, showing the functional-anatomical structure of the visual cortex by projection in three planes (transverse, sagittal, coronar). CT, however, can not replace angiography in cases where arteriovenous malformations are suspected. PMID- 7295015 TI - The coital coronary: A reassessment of the concept. AB - The concept of the coital coronary, that is sudden death due to cardiovascular disorder associated with sexual activity of one form or another, is reviewed and reevaluated. Research on the hemodynamic demands of coitus, the concept of stress in this regard, the etiologic role of arrhythmias and current clinical wisdom are assessed with respect to sudden sex-related deaths. The actual empirical evidence underlying prevailing beliefs is also carefully reviewed and observed to be grossly deficient. Our knowledge concerning the etiology and incidence of the condition is restructured within a hierarchical model related to the degree of scientific confirmation available, and suggestions concerning a more valid appraisal of the phenomenon are advanced. PMID- 7295016 TI - Female homosexuality and body build. AB - A recent report utilizing self-reported and small-small-size data suggests that group differences in body build between heterosexual and homosexual women are likely to be minor. The data presented in this paper do not support this contention. Interviews were conducted with 241 nonpatient, exclusively homosexual women to determine their socioeconomic status, their psychosexual identification, and their overt sexual behavior patterns. The entire sample was then divided into seven psychosexual/behavioral categories derived from the interview data. Anthropometric data were collected for five subsamples and included (1) height measurements, (2) biacromial and bi-iliac measurements, (3) androgyny scores, (4) arm and leg girth measurements, (5) bicondylar diameters of the femur and humerus, (6) triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds, and (7) somatotype profiles. These data indicate that the homosexual women have narrower hips, increased arm and leg girths, less subcutaneous fat, and more muscle than heterosexual women. PMID- 7295017 TI - Psychological self-perception in male transsexuals, homosexuals, and heterosexuals. AB - Gender-related aspects of self-perception were explored for 24 anatomical males consisting of three matched groups of transsexuals, heterosexuals, and homosexuals. MacKenzie's Diagnostic Criteria Scale ratings were used to confirm group membership. Instruments used were the Repertory Grid Technique, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Bem Self Role Inventory, Maferr Inventory of Masculine Values, and Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory. Results for transsexual subjects reflected lowest self-esteem. Of the three groups, they perceived themselves to be the most like females and the most unlike other males. Transsexual subjects tended to describe themselves in nonmasculine terms and valued their gender role orientation. Homosexual subjects, on the other hand, reported the highest self-esteem. Additionally, they saw themselves as the most similar to males and the most dissimilar to females. As a group, homosexual subjects described themselves in comparatively strong masculine-stereotyped fashion and valued this posture. However, they believed that women do not value the self-orientation which these subjects endorsed for themselves. Heterosexual subjects scored moderately high in terms of global self-esteem. They described themselves as somewhat masculine to androgynous and reported valuing their gender role orientation. Results on the Repertory Grid and the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory showed heterosexual subjects to be the least polarized in their gender-related self-descriptions. This group generally appeared to be least concerned with traditional gender role referents. The importance of a cognitive approach to clinical assessment of the transsexual individual is stressed. PMID- 7295018 TI - Parental backgrounds of homosexual and heterosexual women: a cross-national replication. AB - The parenteral backgrounds of British homosexual and heterosexual women were evaluated on the same questionnaires used with two similar United States samples. The level of adjustment of the subjects was not related to the parental background differences for the British groups. The consistent United States and British findings dealt with how the subjects perceived their parents rather than with how their parents acted toward them. PMID- 7295020 TI - Prepuce restoration seekers: psychiatric aspects. AB - A new subgroup of patients within the homosexual community has been identified who are characterized by preoccupation with their absent foreskins. They associate their circumcised status with a sense of incompleteness, anger over a lack of choice, and their sense of masculinity. Four patients who sought surgical reconstruction are reported. None were Jewish or psychotic. All tolerated surgery well. Preliminary etiologic hypotheses are advanced, emphasizing psychodynamic and imprinting possibilities. PMID- 7295019 TI - Menarche and orgastic capacity. AB - In a group of 1,756 gynecological patients married for at least one year, three quarters of whom were being treated for sterility, the relationship between age at menarche and the frequency of orgasm during coitus was examined. Statistical analysis revealed a close correlation between these two factors: in orgastic women, r = -0.878; in patients with rare or no orgasm, r = +0.914; and in persons with sexual dissatisfaction r = +0.722. The percentage of orgastic women decreased, and the number of patients with rare or no orgasm during coitus or with sexual dissatisfaction increased with advancing age of menarche. PMID- 7295021 TI - [Dependence of metabolic fecal amino acids on the amino acid content of the feed. 1. Metabolic fecal amino acids of rats fed with maize]. AB - The amount of metabolic fecal amino acids (MFAA) in dependence on the amino acid intake was determined for graded maize rations with 15N-labelled rats and the quota of labelled endogenous amino acids in faeces was calculated according to the isotope dilution method. The excretion of amino acids and MFAA in faeces are described as functions of the amino acid intake for 17 amino acids and regressively calculated. For all 17 amino acids investigated, there was a more or less steep increase of MFAA according to an increasing amino acid intake. In contrast to MFAA in N-free feeding, MFAA in feeding with pure maize (16.5% crude protein) increase to the 2- to 4.5-fold value. The thesis of the constancy of the excretion of MFAA can consequently be no longer maintained. The true digestibility according to the conventional method is, on an average of all amino acids, 7.3 units below the one ascertained according to the 15N-isotope method. For the limiting amino acids lysine and threonine the difference is biggest (23 resp. 17 units). Tryptophane as first limiting amino acid could not be determined. The true digestibility of nearly all amino acids ascertained for maize according to the isotope method is above 90%. For the limiting amino acids the expenditure resp. the loss of endogenous amino acids is biggest. PMID- 7295022 TI - [Absorption of 14C-leucine and 15N-leucine in rats after feeding a fish meal diet in comparison with a gelatin diet]. AB - Albino rats received after nine days of adaptation to a fish meal diet in comparison with a gelatin diet 14C-U-Leucine and 15N-L-leucine via a pellet made from the specific diet after food deprivation for 15 h. Thereafter, the experimental animals consumed the non-labelled experimental diet ad libitum. Five times after the pellet intake, 30 min, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after injection of the labelled food, four experimental rats were sacrificed. The contents of the digestive tract and tissue samples were examined for 14C and 15N. We detected to following percentages of 14C-intake or the intake of 15N-excess (15N') in the TCA soluble fraction of the gastric contents: [Formula: see text] We found in the TCA soluble fraction of digesta of small intestine the following percentage of intake: [Formula see text] Where these values regarded as non-absorbed leucine, the 14C values obtained up to four hour period of experiment would be too high. Presumably, they are in the case of both diets simulated by other 14C-metabolites which originate from the leucine catabolism and reach the intestinal lumen. Amino acids labelled with 15N should be preferred in studies on the absorption of amino acids because, in case of catabolism, the 15N-aminogroup is excreted mainly in the form of urea via urine. PMID- 7295023 TI - [Nutritional physiology studies in pigs on the evaluation of modified proteins. 1. Results of the estimation of N-turnover, apparent and true digestibility of proteins in addition to apparent and true absorption of amino acids in the entire digestive tract]. AB - Sulfuric acid-casein (A), spray dried isolated Vicia faba protein (B), Vicia faba protein/casein (1 : 1) protein fibres-untreated (C), treated with dialdehyde starch (D) or aluminum chloride (E) and meal of Vicia faba (F) were studied as sole protein sources in semisynthetic feed mixtures on 13 female pigs (40 to 45 kg body weight). Total utilization of nitrogen (b-value, PNu) and intermediate utilization (BW) were highest in A, followed by C. Protein C was superior to D. Protein E showed a drastic drop in protein quality compared with D because of a high decrease in S-containing amino acids content, however, their efficiency (bc 1-value) was not limited. Despite of a higher apparent digestibility by approximately 17 units in protein B, proteins B and F showed a similar quality. The true absorption of cystine (estimated by the balance of digestive tract) was corresponding to the protein quality of the respective step of treatment of protein C and was used for the correction of the gross content is S-containing amino acids. PMID- 7295025 TI - [Energy requirement of growing bulls]. AB - The series of experiments concerning the utilisation of feed energy by growing bulls (482 total metabolism periods) as described in this periodical in four articles (Schiemann and others 1976; Jentsch and Schiemann 1976; Jentsch and others, 1976; Hoffmann and others, 1977), has undergone further statistical processing in order to test possibilities of factorial analysis for the derivation of values for the energy requirement of growing bulls. Square equations for the characterisation of the maintenance requirement of metabolisable energy and net-energy-fat in kJ/kg live weight 0.75 and day were derived for the live weight range between 50 and 335 kg (see equations (2) and (4)). Beyond this live weight range the maintenance requirement of growing bulls- related to the metabolic body weight -- corresponds to that of fullgrown oxen (410--420 kJ metabolisable energy/kg live weight 0,75 and day). The analysis of the energy content for the live weight increase in dependence on the live weight resulted in the statistical generalisation characterised by equation (5) for live weights above 200 kg. Up to 200 kg live weight the energy content of the live weight gain is between 8 and 10 MJ/kg live weight gain. Above that, equations for the characterisation of the energy requirement of fattening bulls in ad libitum feeding were derived for the live weight ranges between 200 and 335 kg as well as 335 and 550 kg (cf. equations (2) and (3)). The significance of the factorial analysis of the energy metabolism of growing animals is discussed comparatively to previous assessments. PMID- 7295024 TI - [Concentration of urea in blood, a parameter for the assessment of protein metabolism of pregnant sows. 1. Development of the concentration of urea in blood after the intake of proteins and its relation to N-excretion in urine]. AB - After feeding a ration rich in protein and subsequent N-free feeding of 6 served gilts provided with intravenous permanent catheters and bladder catheters, the change of the urea concentration in the blood (UCB) and the N-excretion in urine were investigated. UCB increased during the first few hours after the intake of the protein containing ration, reached its maximum after 4 hours an 38 minutes and then decreased continuously. The maximum of the hourly N-excretion in urine was ascertained after 9 hours and 46 minutes. 60 hours after the protein intake UCB as well as N-excretion in urine reached an average minimal level of 10.5 mg urea/100 ml blood serum resp. 0.57 g N/hour. In a further experiment with four served gilts the close correlation between UCB and N-excretion in urine was confirmed after feeding 4 different protein levels. Blood sampling at the moment of feeding resulted in lower UCB values and smaller dispersion (d% = 5.9) in comparison to blood sampling 6 hours after feeding (d% = 12.2). The relation between UCB and N-excretion in urine however was lower at the moment of feed intake (r = 0.949 in contrast to r = 0.987). Under consideration of the maximum UCB, blood sampling for the determination of the UCB for the purpose of characterising N-excretion in urine and protein utilisation between 4 and 5 hours after feeding is recommended. PMID- 7295026 TI - [Effect of crude protein on fertility and urea content of the body fluids of high yielding cows]. AB - A total of 36 high-yielding cows were -- post partum -- divided into two analogous groups. During the following 90 days they received rations containing 14.5 resp. 19.1% crude protein. The daily milk yield ranged between 27.8 and 28.8 kg resp. 29.4 and 31 kg FCM. The urea content of the milk reached 16.8 and 33.8, that in the blood plasma 19.7 and 38.8 mg/100 ml. The correlation between urea content in milk and blood serum was r = 0.94, between milk and urea content in urine r = 0.69. The period between gravidities of 82 days (14.4%) in contrast to 127 days (19.1%) was distinctly improved, and so was the insemination index (2.0 resp. 2.8). We consider 14.5% crude protein meet the requirement for yields of 30 kg milk, which is approximately 15% below the norm. PMID- 7295027 TI - [Vitamin A requirement of fattening turkeys. 1. Vitamin A requirement of fattening turkeys under conditions of intensive rearing on the ground]. AB - In two experiments with a total of 2,250 fattening turkeys at VEB KIM Turkey and Goose Production Guhlen-Glienicke graded doses of vitamin A (0...20,000 I.U./kg feed) in a ration type poor in vitamin A and carotene were tested in dependence on sex. After a 20-day depletion period the vitamin A supplement of 0, 125 and 250 I.U.vitamin A/kg feed resulted in vitamin A deficiency symptoms after feeding this ration for 1 week. A supplement of between 500 and 1,000 I.U. vitamin A/kg feed diminished consumption in some cases significantly. On the basis of parameters of the fattening performance and of the vitamin A content of the liver it could be proved that the optimal growth of the male and female animals requires approximately 2,000 I.U. and the adequate storage of vitamin A in the liver approximately 5,000 I.U./kg feed. The requirements are fulfilled by the current supplements of the mixed feed for fattening turkeys kept intensively on the ground. PMID- 7295028 TI - [Feed value of krill meal in laboratory animals, pigs and broilers]. AB - In analytical chemical experiments as well as animal experiments the quality of two charges of krill meal produced in the scope of test hauls was tested in comparison to fish meal. The krill meal samples tested in our experiments with their minimal values per kg dry matter of approximately 640 g crude protein 48 g lysine and 20 g methionine + cystine are by all means comparable to fish meal of medium or good quality. The digestibility of the two krill meal samples was good. Krill meal of this quality can replace the fish meal quota in broiler feed. Analogously to fish meal, the quota of krill meal should not exceed 70 to 80 g per kg feed, on the one hand for reasons of nutrient economy and on the other hand in order to avoid a negative influence on the taste of the broiler meat. In addition to that, reference is made to storage problems of krill meal and mixed feeding containing krill meal and to the necessity of clarifying toxicologic problems. PMID- 7295029 TI - [Influence of age and sex on in vitro intestinal absorption of zinc and manganese]. AB - The influence of age and sex on the intestinal in vitro absorption of the trace elements zinc and manganese was studied with SPF-Sprague-Dawley-rats. For this purpose the absorption was measured with animals of both sexes starting at once after the weaning period (17 to 20 days) until an age of maximal 80 days. The measurements were made continuously in periods of a few days. The results of a total of five experimental series show that the transfer to the serosal solution and the uptake of the intestinal wall of both elements decrease permanently with increasing age. The most severe decrease occurs, however, at an age of the rats between 20 and 40 days, that is shortly after the weaning period. The previous change of the diet, however, cannot be the main explanation for the significant alteration of the absorption. In order to test this possibility the rats were only fed with the milk of their mothers up to an age of 36 days, while the control groups received already a pelleted casein diet starting with an age of 18 days. The results of these experiments were that the milk-fed rats absorbed only somewhat more zinc or manganese than did the corresponding control groups. There were no significant differences in the amounts of Zn absorption between male and female rats. PMID- 7295030 TI - [Absorption of protein-linked N and synthetic lysine in the small intestine of pigs]. AB - The absorption and absorbility of the protein-linked N was investigated with 3 pigs in the live weight range between 15 and 27 kg, which had been provided with simple cannulae at the end of the ileum and with portal vene catheters. After receiving a semi-synthetic ration with 15N-labelled curds as sole protein source, supplemented with 0,3% 35S-DL-methionine, the course of absorption could be observed both for 15N and 35S with the help of the chyme samples. Considering the endogenous 15N-quota in the chyme in the small intestines, it was possible to acquire data concerning the apparent and true absorption resp. absorbility of the feed-N. It could be ascertained that the supplemented synthetic amino acid is better absorbed than the protein-linked amino acids. So the absorption of 35S amounted to 91,2% of the intake whereas only 84,2% of the labelled N was observed. PMID- 7295031 TI - Placental transfer of pesticides in humans. AB - Transfer of organochlorine pesticides from mother to fetus has been studied in 100 women. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides were examined in maternal blood, placenta, and umbilical cord blood of the same mother/child pair. Residue levels of dichlorodiphenyl trichloro ethane (DDT) and its metabolites, isomers of benzene, hexachloride (BHC) and aldrin were detected in all the samples analyzed, indicating their transfer from mother to the fetus. A correlation was found to exist between the pesticide concentration and age, dietetic habits and area of residence of pregnant women. PMID- 7295032 TI - Studies on in vitro metabolism of acrylamide and related compounds. AB - The in vitro biotransformations of acrylamide and ten related compounds in the hepatic enzyme system of the mouse were studied in order to learn more about their toxic actions in vivo. Of nine analogues, which could be analyzed quantitatively by gas chromatography, seven compounds--N-tert-butylacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethylacrylamide,--were metabolized in microsomal enzymes with NADPH generating system. One or two metabolites from each of the seven compounds, except for N isobutoxymethylacrylamide were detected by gas chromatography. The metabolite of N-isopropylacrylamide was identified as acrylamide by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolite of N,N-dimethylacrylamide showed a RT value identical with and a mass spectrum similar to N-methylacrylamide. No metabolites from the other four compounds have yet been identified. Acrylamide and crotonamide did not seem to be metabolized in the same system. Phenobarbital pretreatment of mice enhanced the metabolic reactions of the seven compounds, but did not elevate those of acrylamide and crotonamide. The Km value of N isopropylacrylamide was 0.35 mM, which was the smallest of all the test analogues. All of the eleven analogues studied were found to be metabolized by hepatic glutathione S-transferases as well. This reaction was also elevated by the phenobarbital treatment of mice. The relationships between the in vitro metabolisms and the in vivo toxicities of acrylamide analogues are discussed. PMID- 7295033 TI - Toxicokinetics and methyl mercury in pigs. AB - Toxicokinetics of methyl mercury were studied in pigs after intravenous (i.v.) administration of the compound. The distribution of methyl mercury was slow taking 3-4 days to be completed. Blood elimination half-life was found to be 25 days. The apparent volume of distribution was 9.8 l/kg indicating pronounced tissue accumulation of methyl mercury. Highest mercury levels were found in kidney and liver, with lower contents in muscle and brain and very little in adipose tissue. The results indicate that from organs like liver and kidney methyl mercury is eliminated much more slowly than from the blood. Over a period of 15 days 16% of the dose administered was excreted with faeces and 0.9% in the urine. PMID- 7295034 TI - Pemoline poisoning. PMID- 7295035 TI - Increase in liver cell nuclear size after chronic cadmium treatment. PMID- 7295036 TI - Manifestation of carcinogenesis as a stochastic process on the basis of an altered mitochondrial genome. AB - Computer calculations are used to show the feasibility of a concept which explains the manifestation of a pathological cell function from a latent state by the phenomenon of extrachromosomal inheritance (through the mitochondrial genome) in mammalian cells. A hypothesis is submitted in which this principle is applied to the process of carcinogenesis. According to this concept, the manifestation of a tumor cell--after the initiation stage--entirely depends on stochastic events, i.e., random distribution of mitochondria during cell divisions, with an accumulation of the lesion in a few out of many cells. We feel that this concept comprises a better explanation of many characteristics and peculiarities of the phenomenon of carcinogenesis than do attempts which explain tumor formation as a phenomenon caused by mutation in a nuclear genome. A consideration of the principles presented automatically leads to a number of specific consequences with regard to carcinogenesis. Some of these consequences are discussed. They include: 1. the process of malignant transformation should not be irreversible for all the cells of a progeny; 2. the number of mitochondria in a cell type should be inversely correlated to tumor frequency; 3. the latent period should mainly be determined by the cell division rate and the "extent" of the initiating event; 4. susceptibility to carcinogenesis may be substantially higher if the number of mitochondria per cell line is increasing or decreasing, i.e., during the embryonic and fetal periods; 5. heterogeneous types of cells may arise from a single "initiated" cell, and 6. the process of malignant transformation should not necessarily be confined to one generation of the species. In addition, experimental approaches to support the submitted concept are suggested. PMID- 7295037 TI - Intrinsic interference between swine influenza and fowl plague virus. AB - Multiplication of swine influenza (SW) virus is inhibited by fowl plaque virus (FPV) at the level of RNA synthesis when host cells are infected with both viruses at a high multiplicity of infection. Under these conditions reassortment between the two viruses cannot be detected. The inhibitory effect of FPV is highly reduced and recombinants between the two viruses could be obtained when the cells were superinfected with FPV 1--2 hours after infection with SW virus, or after simultaneous infection with a low multiplicity of infection. The phenomenon is compatible with the intrinsic interference. PMID- 7295038 TI - BCG modulation of delayed type hypersensitivity, humoral response and acquired resistance after rabies vaccination. AB - The immunopotentiating action of BCG was evaluated in rabies. The maximum enhancing effect on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was obtained 14 days after rabies immunization when different BCG vaccination schedules were tested in mice. A stable form of specific sensitization to rabies antigen under the modulation of BCG pretreatment was obtained. High concentrations of rabies antigen were found to be inhibitory for the DTH reaction. Levels of protection were evaluated in rabies vaccination after BCG modulation. One single injection of rabies vaccine in BCG pretreated mice was as effective as two injections of rabies vaccine in normal mice. However, in the latter, increase of protection was correlated with the levels of neutralizing antibody. On the other hand, the BCG pretreated mice, protection was not associated with a significant increase in antibody. Pretreatment with BCG alone influenced the outcome of fixed rabies as well as street rabies by enhancing the natural resistance to rabies infection. PMID- 7295039 TI - Purification of measles virus H polypeptide and of F polypeptide. AB - Measles virus was disrupted by Tween 80 and ether and subjected to isoelectric focusing in granular gel. The two surface envelope polypeptides, the one showing haemagglutinating activity (H) and the one making up the structural basis of the haemolytic and fusion activity (F) banded together at pH 5.2. The two envelope polypeptides were also isolated together after adsorption to a Lentil-lectin column. Separation of the two polypeptides was performed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 in the presence of 8 M urea. After separation both the H and F polypeptides fixed to the lectin column. It was demonstrated that the column, after having fixed the two polypeptides, absorbed anti-H and anti-F antibodies from a rabbit anti-measles virus immune serum. Thus the antigenic reactivity of the isolated surface polypeptides remained intact. PMID- 7295040 TI - Oncogenicity of heat-inactivated simian adenovirus SA7. AB - Simian adenovirus SA7 heated for 30 minutes at 70 degrees C retained part of its ability to induce tumors in newborn hamsters. Tumors were also induced by DNA extracted from the heated virus. However, neither residual replicating, i.e. cytopathogenic, nor transforming and T-antigen-inducing activities could be detected in vitro in CV-1 and hamster embryo cells inoculated with the heated virus. The results are discussed in terms of a possible release of viral nucleic acid at the high temperature. They also show that current tests for effective virus inactivation based exclusively on the recognition of replicating virus should be reevaluated. PMID- 7295041 TI - Differences in the electrophoretic migration rates of polypeptides and RNAs of recent isolates of influenza B viruses. AB - The electrophoretic migration rates of structural and non-structural polypeptides of 38 influenza B viruses isolated in epidemics in 1978-1980 and antigenically closely related to B/Singapore/222/79 virus were compared using high resolution SDS polyacrylamide gels. Thirty of the viruses could be distinguished from the prototype B/Singapore/222/79 virus by electrophoretic migration rate differences in HA, 17 by differences in NP and 27 by differences in mobility of the NS 1 polypeptide. Mobility differences of NP, NS 1 and HA polypeptides was noted in influenza B viruses isolated in the UK in the same year. In addition, electrophoretic mobility of 32P labeled virus RNAs varied for certain UK isolates and indicated heterogeneity in genes 2, 3, 4 and 8 coding for polymerase proteins 2 and 1, nucleoprotein (NP) and non-structural protein (NS 1) respectively. PMID- 7295042 TI - A simple procedure for the concentration and purification of hog cholera virus (HCV) using the lectin of Ricinus communis. PMID- 7295043 TI - Hemagglutination of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. AB - Hemagglutination of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) with a variety of erythrocyte species at 4 degrees C, room temperature and 37 degrees C was dependent on the NaCl molarity and the pH of the diluent. The hemagglutination inhibition test was used to identify EHDV serotypes. PMID- 7295044 TI - Studies on a paramyxovirus isolated from Japanese sparrow-hawks (Accipiter virgatus gularis). III. Neuraminidase activity of the virus. PMID- 7295045 TI - Inhibition of membrane-bound hepatic 3 hydroxy-3 methyl glutaryl CoA reductase as the consequence of altered membrane fluidity. AB - The activity of hydroxy methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase in microsomes from rat and from human liver was inhibited in a non-competitive manner by fenofibric acid. High affinity of the microsomal preparation for the ligand allowed a one-step purification of the microsomal enzyme preparation, using a Sepharose gel coupled to the phenol analogue of fenofibric acid. Ther Arrhenius plots of partially purified hydroxy methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase in the microsomal fraction from rat liver showed that the break in the activation energy at 11 degrees C was abolished by the ligand. The results in the present study may be consistent with a modulation of membrane-bound HMG-CoA reductase activity. PMID- 7295046 TI - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins of Japanese adults and umbilical cord blood. AB - By means of sequential ultracentrifugation of plasma from 85 control healthy Japanese subjects and from 15 maternal infant pairs, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL: d less than 1.006 g/ml), low density lipoprotein (LDL: 1.006 less than d less than 1.063 g/ml) and high density lipoprotein (HDL: d greater than 1.063 g/ml) were obtained and analyzed for cholesterol (Ch), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). These results were compared to values in Western countries reported in the literature. HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch of adult Japanese was much higher than that of subjects in Western countries, especially in males. Umbilical cord (U) plasma-Ch, TG, PL and Apo B were 73.3 +/- 15.9, 51.0 +/- 10.4, 110.0 +/- 21.0 and 47.6 +/- 15.7 (mean +/- S.D.) mg/100 ml, respectively. In cord blood the concentrations of Ch, TG and PL in all lipoprotein density classes were less than one half of those in normal adults. Cord blood has higher levels of HDL-Ch and lower levels of LDL-Ch than normal adults. Therefore, HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch ratio in cord blood (1.58 +/- 0.32 was far higher than the ratio in normal adults (0.50 +/- 0.11). In cord blood, HDL was the predominant Ch, TG and PL carrying lipoprotein. HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch ratios were 1.58 in Japan, 1.14 in USA, 0.89 in Australia and 0.69 in GDR. HDL-Ch/LDL-Ch ratio in Japanese cord blood was the highest among the values reported in the literature. The relationships between maternal and infant lipoproteins were more significant in HDL than in VLDL or LDL. The positive correlation between maternal HDL and infant HDL may suggest the possibility of placental transfer of intact HDL particles. PMID- 7295049 TI - [Evolutionary dispositon of the thoracic extremities and the fate of the coracoids and scapulae in vertebrates]. AB - It is of general opinion that the mammalian coracoid bone reduced during the evolutional process and remained as a small tubercle on the distal part of the scapula. The cause of the caracoid bone reduction is supposed to result from certain changes in position of the free thoracic extremity from the segmental (as in reptiles) plane into the sagittal one, while the position of the shoulder girdle remained unchanged. However, this view does not coincide to the paleontological data which state that already in the Dinosauria and Theriodontia the thoracic extremities were situated in the parasagittal plane and, nevertheless their caracoids were well developed. There is also no agreement with numerous embryological, comparative-anatomical and electromyographic data concerning the osseous-muscular system of the thoracic extremities and the evolutional transformation of the brachial plexus. Owing to these data, it is possible to suggest that in the process of the mammalian evolution, the thoracic extremity together with the shoulder girdle made a turn around its longitudinal axis and, as a consequence, the caracoid with its musculature, moved from its abdominal position forward and upward on the lateral and spinal surface, and the scapula, correspondingly, in the caudoventral direction and gradually reduced. PMID- 7295047 TI - In vitro catabolism of human very low density lipoproteins: fate of apoproteins B and C. AB - The fate of apo C-II, apo C-III and apo B during the in vitro catabolism of human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) by the action of purified lipoprotein lipase was studied. Up to 58 percent of triglyceride apo C-II and C-III was released from VLDL during hydrolysis and at a similar rate. The amount of C apoproteins lost was proportional to triglyceride hydrolysis. The apo B content of VLDL remained constant. From these studies we conclude that during the hydrolysis of human VLDL, lipoprotein lipase, while including a net loss of apo C, is not responsible for major changes in the apo C-II/C-III ratio. PMID- 7295050 TI - [Ultrastructure of lymphatic capillaries of the wall of the small intestine]. AB - Ultrastructure of initial parts of the small intestine lymphatic bed has been studied in 16 rats and 36 cats. Certain ultrastructural peculiar features have been revealed in the lymphatic capillaries: their endothelium has no fenestrae, the basal membrane is absent. Junctions between the endothelial cells can be closed, complex, simple and open which is evidently depends on the phase of the organ's work. For the post-capillaries, which make an intermediate link between the lymphatic capillaries and vessels, an intermittent basal membrane and valves formed by invagination of their wall are specific features. Junctions between the endotheliocytes of the postcapillaries are mainly closed, but simple open ones occur now and then; that demonstrates certain drainage and transport functions of this part of the lymphatic bed. PMID- 7295048 TI - [Normal 17-day human embryo. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of protein components]. AB - Protein components in the definitive and provisory anlages of the 17-day-old human embryo "Krym" have been studied in a complex investigation. Acidic, basic and summary proteins, nucleoproteids and some amino acids (histidine, arginine and lysine) have been analysed. Quantitative estimation of histones, histone-like and common proteins has been performed by means of the probe spectrophotometer in corresponding wave lengths at the probe size of 1 mkm. It has been demonstrated that in zones of intensified cell proliferation and differentiation contents of the histone-like proteins and nucleoproteids are increased. These zones are presented in the germ shield by the prechordal plate. Hensen's nod and primary streak, and in the chorionic membrane--by the trophoblastic integument and by the wall of the forming blood vessels. Certain asynchronity in differentiation of chorionic villi of various morphological types is also noted, it is one of the most important ontogenetic regularities in the formation of morpho-functional correlations in the system mother-fetus. PMID- 7295051 TI - [Frequency and ways of filling lymph nodes above the diaphragm with contrast medium during anterograde lymphography of the thoracic duct]. AB - The data on contrast radiography of the lymph nodes situated above the diaphragm have been obtained in 246 out of 342 patients subject to the investigation of their normal thoracic ducts. It has been stated that the contrast picture of the lymph nodes situated far from the thoracic duct (peritracheal, bronchopulmonary, bifurcational and anterior mediastinum) is the most difficult to obtain. Retrograde filling of the supraclavicular, posterior inferior diaphragmal intercostal nodes with the contrast material occurs more often via the deferent lymphatic vessels which get into the thoracic duct. Besides, the frequency on simultaneous filling with the contrast material of various groups of the lymph nodes along the course of the thoracic duct has been studied. It has been stated that in 46.7% of the patients only one group of the lymph nodes become contrasted, less often--2 (23.1%) and still less often--3-4 groups (14.2% and 10.2% respectively). For the first time the intercalated lymph nodes along the course of the thoracic duct have been described; they are filled with the contrast substance anterogradelly via short connective branches. PMID- 7295052 TI - [Projections of the amygdaloid body to the striopallidal structures of cats]. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HP) was injected (0.2-0.3 mkl, 40%) into the cat striopallidal nuclei. After treating the brain and its sections according to Messulam's technique, it was possible to reveal HP-positive neurons in some structures of the corpus amygdaloideum. When HP was injected into the caudate nucleus, the labelled neurons were found in the basal nucleus of the corpus amygdaloideum. When injected into the globus pallidus--the labelled neurons were revealed in the macrocellular part of the basal nucleus and in the anterior amygdaloid field. Owing to the data obtained, it is possible to suggest that not only the anterior amygdaloid field and the basal nucleus have projections on the putamen, but the medial, central and lateral nuclei of the corpus amygdaloideum, as well. PMID- 7295053 TI - [Response of spinal cord capillaries of white rats to exposure to noise]. AB - Changes in diameters of blood capillaries of the white rat spinal cord, peculiar changes in volume and metabolic surface of capillaries in the cervical part of the spinal cord were studied under the effect of noise (90-100 db, 2 h daily, for 2, 4 and 8 weeks). Restorative period was started in 4 and 16 weeks after the experiment was stopped. A considerable narrowing of the capillary lumen was found in the test animals comparing to the normal state. The investigations performed demonstrated that the quantitative changes in the capillary indices depended on the noise duration and were considered as gradual development of adaptive compensatory reaction of the vascular system to noise. The changes mentioned, however, were not irreversible, as during the restorative period a gradual widening of the capillary diameters was observed. Nevertheless, the "rest" lasting for 16 weeks was not enough for the capillary bed of the spinal cervical part to restore its normal indices. PMID- 7295054 TI - [Chloride cells of the gills and the interrenal gland of Dasyatis pastinaca (L.) (Elasmobranchii) skates during adaptation to distilled sea water]. AB - During adaptation of the skate Dasyatis pastinaca (L) to distilled sea water (7.1%) resulted in decreasing concentration of sodium, urea in blood serum, reduction in the chloride cells volume, their nuclei and increase of the apical part of the cell free from mitochondria (and occupied by the endoplasmic reticulum) are observed. Owing to uniformity of the morphometric changes of the chloride cells revealed in two types, during adaptation of the skate to the distilled sea water, as well as adaptation to its increased salinity, it is possible to conclude that in the gill of selachians there are chloride cells of one type with various functional activity. Adaptation of the skate to the distilled sea water is connected with removal of lipid inclusions out of the cells of the interrenal gland. PMID- 7295055 TI - Euthyroid sick syndrome. PMID- 7295056 TI - Immunogenetics and immunology: I. key to the future. PMID- 7295057 TI - Treatment of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7295058 TI - The sexually abused child: evaluation and treatment. PMID- 7295060 TI - [Changes in kidney enzyme activity in temporary ischemia of the extremities]. AB - Histoenzymological changes in the kidneys of 49 dogs with temporary ischemia of posterior extremities and acute renal insufficiency were studied. The results demonstrate a definite relationship between the intensity of histoenzymological changes in the kidneys and the duration of temporary ischemia of the extremities. With 12-hour ischemia of the extremities, epitheliocytes of proximal tubules showed a decreased activity of aerobic oxidation enzymes and increased activity of glycolytic enzymes, epitheliocytes of the distal tubules showed a decreased activity of the enzymes under study. After revascularization the level of metabolism in the examined parts of nephrons decreased as confirmed by the results of quantitative assays. PMID- 7295059 TI - [Interepithelial lymphocytes of the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. AB - Unlike intestinal interepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), gastric IEL have not been studied. Gastric mucosa from 27 stomachs resected for peptic ulcer was examined. The intact high prismatic superficial epithelium contained 51.38 +/- 4.39 IEL per 1000 epitheliocytes, foveolar epithelium 56.31 +/- 5.77. In chronic gastritis, in both superficial and foveolar epithelium the number of IEL was increased nearly 3 fold and was 161.3 +/- 21.08 and 154.81 +/- 15.03, respectively. In these cases the number of lymphocytes in lamina propria did not increase. The increase in the number of IEL correlated with a marked increase of plasma cells in lamina propria and with rapid epithelial proliferation. The epithelium lining of the stomach as well as that of the small intestine is the site of differentiation of the immunological activity of lymphoid cells as indicated by mitosis figures in IEL as well as the presence in superficial epithelium of plasma cells the appearance of which may be explained by disorders in differentiation of B-lymphocytes and maturation of plasma cells in the epithelial sheet. Infiltration of proliferating epithelium with IEL suggests that they take part in stimulation of cell renewal in gastric mucosa. PMID- 7295061 TI - [Morphology of the suppurative wound in the treatment process in a regulated environment]. AB - Morphological and histochemical studies of biopsies from the areas of purulent wounds in the process of their treatment in a chamber with regulated environment were carried out. After 2-week course of treatment the purulent wound heals like a pure surgical wound. The granulation tissue contains a small number of leukocytes, the vessel is filled with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A typical feature is the presence in the wound of lymphoid cell infiltrates in the maturing granulation tissue which indicates enhanced immune processes in the host. The results of treatment show that treatment of purulent wounds in a regulated environment considerably improves the condition of the wound contributing to its purification and stimulating healing processes in it. PMID- 7295062 TI - [Giant-cell vasculitis (arteritis and phlebitis)]. AB - Vasculitis was detected in 5 patients although not in the temporal artery but in vessels of other localizations: subcutaneous veins of the lower extremities (an adolescent of 17 and a man of 41), cardiac and renal arteries (a man of 32), gall bladder artery (a woman of 72), veins of the spermatic cord (a man of 28). Giant cells formed in granulomatous reaction, most frequently in the intima of the vessel or close to it in such nosological forms as endarteritis, periarteritis nodosa, obliterating thromboangiitis (Buerger's disease). A hypothesis is suggested concerning the etiological role in the development of giant cell vasculitis of chemical haptens (xenobiotics), protozoa, possibly bacteria and viruses. PMID- 7295063 TI - [Myocardial pathomorphology in exotoxic shock]. AB - Morphological, including electron microscopic, examinations of the hearts from 49 patients dying in the stage of shock after acute poisoning revealed general structural alterations in the myocardium typical of shock of any etiology as well as some specific features of the heart involvement related to the kinds of toxicity. The general alterations include damage of microcirculation vessels, rheological blood disorders, interstitial edema, leading to disorders in cardiomyocyte metabolism and development in some of them of dystrophic and necrotic lesions. In acetic acid poisoning, fatty degeneration of cardiomyocytes is more marked; dichlorethane poisoning is characterized by contractural lesions, and that with cardiotoxic substances by diffuse edema of sarcoplasm with "disconnected" organelles. PMID- 7295064 TI - [Ultrastructure of the subendocardiac cardiomyocytes of the dog heart in acute experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - Experimental myocardial infarction was reproduced in large random-bred dogs by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. After 24 hours of ischemia, subendocardial Purkinje cells showed accumulations of lipid drops, development of foci of myofibril overcontraction with simultaneous accumulation in the cells of large lysosomes, disappearance of the external layer of sarcolemma, thinning of glycocalyx, and intact plasmalemma. Most contractile cardiomyocytes were changed irreversibly. Among them, however, there was a portion of viable cells with marked signs of lipid infiltration. These contractile cells lacked the external layer of sarcolemma, had thinned glycocalyx, plasmalemma in a number of cases was penetrable for colloid lanthanum. The ischemized cells with maximally thinned external layers of sarcolemma and intact plasmalemma may apparently be regarded as potential sources of ectopic activity. Overcontracted Purkinje cells are primarily among them.U PMID- 7295065 TI - [Metachromatic leukodystrophy (pathogenesis and pathological anatomy)]. AB - An observation of metachromatic leukodystrophy in a child is described indicating the main criteria for macroscopic and histological diagnosis. The authors believe demyelinization and loss of oligodendroglia in this disease to be due to the toxic effect of excess sulphatides and derivatives thereof. PMID- 7295066 TI - [Combination of lipomatosis of the right atrium and fibromatosis of the tricuspid valve]. PMID- 7295067 TI - [Carcinosarcomas of the lung]. AB - The authors analysed the literature on pulmonary carcinosarcomas and described two own observations of this rare pathology. The predominant occurrence of this tumor in men of 40-65 years, rapid development of the process, frequent asymptomatic course and late surgical help are noted. Clinico-anatomical manifestations of pulmonary carcinosarcomas are nonspecific. Their histological structure is variable and depends on the nature of tissue components involved in the neoplastic process. The authors emphasize a great diagnostic value of prophylactic fluorographic examinations of the population. PMID- 7295068 TI - [Preparation of anatomic museum specimens while preserving their color and consistency]. AB - Sinitsyn's solution (carbolic acid 9 g, boric acid 15 g, sodium bicarbonate 45 g, distilled water up to 1 litre) is proposed for fixation and storage of museum anatomic preparations which retain their colour and consistence. This method allows further histological examination of museum preparations. The method has been used and approved in the pathology department of the Central District Hospital of the Tymov area. PMID- 7295069 TI - Ultrastructural study on the centro-acinar cells of the mink pancreas with particular reference to the acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. AB - The centro-acinar cell (CAC) of the pancreas of 8 mink specimens were studied under ultrastructural points of view with regard to the distribution of acetyl cholinesterase. The subcellular characteristics observed do not suggest an important participation in the production of transport secretory proteins, but do indicate some function in electrolyte transport. The reaction for specific cholinesterase was postive, particularly close to the basal and lateral plasmalemma of the CAC, in the intercellular spaces between these cells, and next to nerve endings. Some of these endings present small agranular vesicles, and other, besides these vesicles, show large cored ones. Nerve endings and CAC are very close together, although being separated by their basal membranes. PMID- 7295070 TI - [An anthropologico-philosophic approach to psychofunctional digestive disorders]. PMID- 7295071 TI - [Malacoplakia of the ascending colon and appendix in children. Report of a case with ultrastructural observations]. AB - Description of a case of malacoplakia involving the ascending colon and appendix in a 11-year-old boy with history of severe diarrhea. The lesions were studied by light and electron microscopy. They were composed of proliferation of histiocytes with the typical cytoplasmic inclusions known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. The authors comment the pathogenesis of malakoplakia pointing out its rarity in infancy and in the intestine. They also review the literature and stress the importance of the development of malakoplakia in severe enterocolitis. PMID- 7295072 TI - [Duodenal ulcer. Randomized study with 8 therapeutic schedules]. AB - In the outpatient management of 112 patients with duodenal ulcer, 8 therapeutic regimens were tested, consisting of a combination of a one or more of 3 drugs, and compared with placebo. Regarding the tested drugs (anticholinergics, sulphoglicopeptide and sucralfate) in a randomized fashion for 30 months, no regimen was statistically better than placebo, neither in combination (44,6% in 60 days), nor the more effective regimen (64,2%: anticholinergic plus sucralfate). The placebo group had 42,8% of healing rate. PMID- 7295073 TI - [Clinical session of the Brazilian Institute for Study and Research in Gastroenterology]. PMID- 7295074 TI - Middle molecules and unanswered questions. PMID- 7295075 TI - Transport of small, middle, and large molecular weight substances in a dual filtration artificial kidney. AB - Theoretical calculations based on in vitro transport characteristics of membranes presently used in long-term clinical evaluation of a SElective DUal Filtration ARtificial Kidney (SEDUFARK) show that the system is comparable with hemofiltration in removal of urea and creatinine, and for substances greater than 15,000 daltons. Removal of middle molecular weight substances with SEDUFARK treatment is smaller or in the same region as conventional hemodialysis using cuprophane dialyzers. Analysis of G-15 chromatograms from the different in vivo SEDUFARK compartments confirmed these results, hence indicating that uremic serum contain substances larger than the middle molecular weight range which act toxic on a biological test system. PMID- 7295076 TI - Renal handling of middle molecules in uremic patients and in the isolated rat kidney. AB - Renal handling of uremic middle molecules (MW 300-2000 daltons) was investigated (1) in the diseased kidney in nine patients suffering from chronic renal failure in the pre-dialysis phase, and (2) in the isolated perfused rat kidney using hemofiltrate and albumin (5 gm/100 ml) containing perfusate. Middle molecules clearances are compared to the simultaneously measured inulin and creatinine clearances. Four middle molecule fractions (peak 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d) were quantitated after high-speed gel filtration and gradient elution chromatography and found to be freely filtered (= middle molecules clearances not differing from inulin and creatinine clearances) in uremia in man. In the "intact" (isolated perfused) rat kidney, elimination also takes place by glomerular filtration (peak 7a, 7c at high perfusate levels). Peaks 7b and 7d are slightly reabsorbed (15% and 25%, respectively, of filtered load), whereas 7c1 is secreted up to 220% of inulin clearance at low perfusate levels. No renal catabolism and high urinary excretion of middle molecules clearly indicate different renal handling of this species in comparison to other peptides or peptide hormones of the same molecular weight range. PMID- 7295077 TI - Relationship between plasma concentration of middle molecular weight fraction b, motor nerve conduction velocity, and plasma creatinine in experimental chronic renal failure rats. PMID- 7295078 TI - An overview of clinical implications of middle molecules and their kinetics in uremia. AB - Since Babb and Scribner introduced the concept of middle molecule (MM), there has been a great deal of controversy about what kind of solutes should be considered as middle molecules. The debate concerning the evidence and potential "toxic" properties of some of the 300-2000 molecular weight substances is still open. Middle molecules cannot be identified from their chemical characteristics. Their molecular weight (MW) itself is controversial. As MM are extracted by gel permeation chromatographic technics, their MW is usually obtained from elution volume of the column. A discrepancy may exist between the mol wt as it is measured from the rejection rate on calibrated cellulose acetate membrane and as it appears from the elution volume in Sephadex G-15 chromatography. Moreover the permeability of membranes to MM during dialysis or hemofiltration depends upon the size of the molecule more than upon their MW. For example, hydrated molecules such as phosphate or sulfate ions have a much greater size than would be expected from their MW (Fig 1). Most of the tentative characterizations of MM have focused on the aminoacid content of peptides. Today it appears that MM have carbohydrate fractions. After almost ten years, the middle molecule hypothesis remains a concept mainly based on clinical observations and supported by bioassays. We will overview the present state of the art in this field and try to show the clinical issues which were reached from this approach. PMID- 7295079 TI - Modeling of middle molecules in clinical studies. AB - 1. Peptides 7f and 7g may be irreversible metabolic and products generated into and confined in a volume approximating extracellular fluid. 2. The concentration profiles reported for 7a, 7b, and 7c suggest they are metabolic intermediates and that complex metabolic upsets are induced by dialysis resulting in marked sequential acceleration of generation and removal. These compounds cannot be modeled at present. 3. In steady state 7f and 7g might be described by the function G = KrC + KmC; while 7a, 7b, and 7c would likely require a more complex function such as G(C,beta) = KrC + KmC. PMID- 7295080 TI - Plasma middle molecules in asymptomatic and "sick" uremic patients. AB - By using high speed gel filtration combined with ion exchange gradient elution chromatography, the concentrations of plasma (p) middle molecules (MM) were determined in 126 samples from 90 non-dialyzed azotemic patients and in 210 pre dialysis samples from 53 regular hemodialysis and 24 intermittent peritoneal dialysis patients. Samples were taken, when the patients were free from major uremic symptoms (controls) and when they presented symptoms or signs of complication, i.e., intercurrent infection, edema, vomiting, pericarditis--in hemodialysis patients also malnutrition. Compared with the symptom-free controls, the patients with infection and malnutrition revealed higher p-MM fraction 7c. In patients with edema 7a and 7b were elevated. Vomiting was not associated with accumulation of MM. In non-dialyzed patients with symptoms, p-urea was higher than in the controls. No such difference was found in dialyzed patients. The p creatinine concentrations did not differ between the groups studied. The results of this survey imply that uremic "sickness" is more often associated with high p MM concentrations than with high urea or creatinine, whether the accumulation of MM is cause-effect related to uremic symptomatology or an epiphenomenon remains as an open question. PMID- 7295081 TI - Serum middle molecules in uremia. PMID- 7295082 TI - Blood levels of middle molecules and their effects on motor nerve conduction velocity. AB - This paper presents the data from 53 patients with end stage renal disease and under regular dialysis treatment. The haemodialysis scheme consists fundamentally in short dialysis with coil dialyzers. The correlations between motor nerve conduction velocity and the patients' residual renal function, HD dose, and serum level of middle molecules are analyzed. At the same time, the influence of RRF and HH dose on the serum level of MM is studied. From the assembled data, several deductions can be established: Uremic neuropathy is fundamentally influenced by the MM and the RRF; the HD dose also exerts some influence on the MNCV, but to a much lesser degree and through dialysables substances different from the MM; the influence of RRF on the MNCV is mainly due to the modification induced by this variable in the serum level of MM. PMID- 7295083 TI - Gel-filtration on psoriasic and uremic serum and dialysis fluid. AB - In this search the serum and dialysis fluid of psoriasic patients in comparison with those of normal and uremic subjects have been evaluated by gel-filtration through a Sephadex G-15 column. The results showed a storage of the substances with various molecular weight in these patients. Particular attention was addressed to those with MW less than 1500 because they are not generally present in the normal subjects, decrease in the serum of psoriasic and uremic patients during the dialytic therapy, simultaneously with positive effects on the clinical symptomatology. PMID- 7295084 TI - Uremic middle molecules: separation and quantitation. AB - A chromatographic method for separating uremic middle molecules has been developed, based on a modification of the method of Furst et al. to permit accurate and rapid (less than 3.5 hours) determination of UMM levels. Semiautomation of the equipment has also resulted in 3 analyses per 8-hr working day. Comparison of UMM results in patients on a carefully controlled study of long (mean 7.5 hr) versus short (mean 3.6 hr) hours of hemodialysis indicate that UMM levels are higher on short dialysis but only peaks 7ao, 7a, 7b, and 7c1 show significant but relatively unimpressive differences between the two regimens. UMM levels have also been obtained in long-term CAPD patients. Data show that UMM levels remain stable, over at least 12 months of CAPD and all UMM levels are lower than in hemodialysis patients. From analysis of generation rate data there is also an indication that UMMs may be dietary related. PMID- 7295085 TI - Continuous measurement of DTPA-clearance in extracorporeal detoxification circuits. AB - A new method for investigating clearances is described. DTPA labelled with technetium 99m (MW: 496 daltons) is used as an agent to be measured. Continuous determination of the DTPA-clearance is possible in extracorporeal detoxification circuits including dialyzers, hemofilters and hemoperfusion columns. As an example, DTPA-clearances are given for two different dialyzers. In comparison to clearance measurements of peak 7, DTPA-clearance was very similar to that obtained for peak 7. PMID- 7295088 TI - Concentration of plasma middle molecular weight substances and clinical condition of patients undergoing short-time regular dialysis treatment. AB - Forty patients were dialysed 12 hours weekly for three years by 1 sq.m. Cuprophane coil dialyser. Clinical features, conventional laboratory data, concentration of middle molecular weight substances, and metabolic state were studied. No difference was found in the clinical picture during the short time dialysis schedule. Neither did the plasma concentration of middle molecular weight substances change substantially during this period. The metabolic state after three years of short time dialyses was good. The elimination of middle molecular weight substances by 1 sq.m. Cuprophane coil was sufficiently effective to prevent an excessive increase of their plasma level. PMID- 7295087 TI - Uremic middle molecules: analytical study of middle molecular weight fractions subpeak b4-2. AB - Fractions containing substances weighing less than 1800 daltons have been obtained from hemofiltrate and peritoneal dialysis fluid. Oligosaccharides and glycopeptides were evidenced in these fractions by paper chromatography. This analytical procedure has been applied to a fraction containing peak b4-2 obtained by molecular exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-15 followed by ion exchange chromatography on Sephadex A-25 (Cueille et al.). Preparative paper chromatography of this fraction evidenced 3 carbohydrate and 3 peptidic fractions. Study of the carbohydrate fraction (01, 03, 04) by gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry shows that they are composed of glucuronoconjugates whose aglycons have not been identified. Fraction 04 which contains subpeak b4-2 has been found to have an inhibitory effect on the action potentials of the sural nerve of the frog. PMID- 7295086 TI - Middle molecules in hepatic coma and uremia. PMID- 7295089 TI - Middle molecule accumulation in uremia: an "extra uremic factor". AB - To evaluate middle molecule (MM) accumulation in relation with patients' well being, plasma MM were analyzed in 115 uremic patients by using the two-step chromatographic technique described by Furst et al. Unexpectedly, most of the patients exhibited small or undetectable subpeaks 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d. However, patients on regular dialysis treatment tend to present higher MM concentrations when a complication, such as infection, hyperparathyroidism, symptomatic neuropathy, or intercurrent disease occurs and peak 7d was very prominent after radio-contrast media administration. No correlation was found between plasma MM and small molecule accumulation (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) or residual renal function or hematocrit. An unexpected correlation was found between some MM fractions and serum PTH. These results indicate that MM do not accumulate in plasma only as a result of impaired renal function. This suggests considerable variations in their generation rates may be due to unknown misleading artifacts, PTH breakdown products, or other factors. PMID- 7295090 TI - Methodology for identification of serum middle molecules. AB - Filtration through membranes with different nominal cut-off was used for isolation of middle molecule fractions from uremic serum. Comparison was made with test substances which in gel filtration did not show a regular relationship between molecular weight and partition coefficient. The XM50 membrane (cut-off 50,000 D) showed the highest permeability to middle molecules (greater than 84%) whereas CF50 (same cut-off) retained middle molecules to some extent if filtration was carried out only once. The UM05 membrane (cut-off 500 D) was highly permeable for small molecules less than 300 D, intermediary permeable for molecules between 300 and 1000 D and retained molecules between 1,100 and 1,350 D more efficiently. It is concluded that filtration through membranes is a suitable method for identification of middle molecules. PMID- 7295091 TI - Characterization of sub-peak b4.2, middle molecule. AB - The Middle Molecules (MM) within the molecular weight (MW) range of vitamin B12 (1355 daltons) are assumed to be partly responsible for uremic toxicity. We have isolated a solute, b4.2, the purity of which is controlled by thin layer chromatography on silica gel. It correlates with active clinical polyneuropathy. The Stockholm group is dealing with a MM they call peak 7c. After exchange of purified solutes between the Stockholm group and us, comparative analyses demonstrate that 7c and b4.2 are different. The b4.2 solute is a glucuronide but it is impossible to obtain the aglycon moiety after enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis. Desorption chemical ionization and electron-impact ionization mass spectrometry results of b4.2 after transformation in methyl ester trimethylsilyl derivative are compatible with a b4.2 MW of 568 daltons (or 526 in native form) corresponding to a glucuronoconjugate of an aglycon with a MW 392 daltons (or 350 in native form). Moreover mass spectrometry confirms that b4.2 isolated from normal human urine and from uremic RP6 hemofiltrate fluid are identical. PMID- 7295092 TI - Characterization of middle molecule compounds. AB - Gel filtration and subsequent ion exchange chromatography were used to separate middle molecule (MM) fractions in the molecular weight range of 350-2,000 daltons from uremic biological fluids. Three of these fractions (71, 7b, and 7c) were further investigated. Although these fractions after ion exchange chromatography appeared to be chromatographically pure, isotachophoretic analyses revealed at least two compounds in each fraction and the distribution of the constituents varied in different patients. Middle molecule 7c from one patient was pure enough to allow further characterization. After hydrolysis, glycine was the only amino acid recovered. The compound had a blocked N-terminus but the C-terminal amino acid was free. The blocking groups were investigated by partial acid hydrolysis, high voltage electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, mass spectrometry, and by enzymatic hydrolysis. The results suggested that the major compound in fraction 7c is a beta-glucuronidated conjugate of o-OH-benzoic acid and glycine. PMID- 7295093 TI - Carbohydrate content of middle molecular weight substances (MMWS) in uraemic patients: preliminary results. AB - MMWS (between 500 and 10,000 daltons) have been isolated from peritoneal dialysis fluid. Materials were fractionated according to a procedure previously applied to urine in healthy controls and in patients with various glycoproteins. Successive use of ion-exchange, charcoal-Celite and paper chromatography leads to the isolation of 20 oligosaccharidic fractions whose MW range between 400 and 2000 daltons. Glucuronoconjugates were also identified by this technique. Preliminary studies show that this carbohydrate material is very similar to the one found in normal urine. The origin and the signification of these oligosaccharides will be discussed in regard with our present knowledges on the structure, catabolism, and function of glycoproteins. PMID- 7295095 TI - Middle molecule definition in terms of membrane permeability. AB - The term "Middle Molecules" originated as an operational definition for metabolites whose removal rate in the dialyzers of the 1970s was limited principally by the devices then used. Improvements in both the device designs and membrane performance require that we reexamine the definition. This discussion presents the relationship between membrane properties and operating conditions so that a general prediction can be made for metabolite clearance using either dialysis or hemofiltration. The current theories of solute/solvent coupling during membrane transport require that the designer and user consider not only the intrinsic membrane properties, but also the ultrafiltration velocity applied during therapy. This is particularly important in the use of hemofiltration, but may also be significant when high ultrafiltration rate dialyzers are employed. To provide a working definition of middle molecules, we reference the transport of solutes of increasing hydrodynamic radius to the transport of urea. Data for a series of membranes used in current and experimental devices will be presented. PMID- 7295094 TI - Large-scale isolation of middle and higher molecular weight uremic toxins. AB - Reverse osmosis (40 bar) using membranes with a nominal cut-off of 500 Dalton is a useful method for the desalting and concentration of hemofiltrates (20-30 L) or even dialysates (120-240 L) from patients with end-stage renal failure. The removal of electrolytes and lower molecular weight solutes from the middle and higher molecular weight fractions can be carried out in one step. The freeze dried residues show characteristic differences in their molecular weight distributions which are dependent upon their origin (Cuprophane dialysates or RP 6-hemofiltrates). Subfractionation is performed using Sephadex G-15 macrocolumns (2 m x 5 cm), the LKB-Ultrogel AcA 54 and Sephacryl S-200 as well as ion exchange chromatography. The fractions are characterized by their ability to suppress the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into rat bone-marrow as well as HeLa cell cultures. The greatest inhibitory activity originates from those fractions which are not dialysable using Visking tubes in vitro. The results indicate that the middle and higher molecular weight spectra do in fact overlap, suggesting that also higher molecular weight substances are involved in uremic intoxication. PMID- 7295096 TI - Separation, isolation, and identification of middle molecules. PMID- 7295097 TI - Metabolic actions of middle molecules. AB - About 20 inhibitory activities of middle molecular range were described and characterized sufficiently. The most useful classification divides them on the basis of their mobility on a column of Sephadex G-15. This classification enables us to compare the analytical and preparative data, the results of various laboratories and to suggest identity of various inhibitors. It is useful to outline the localization of the inhibitor action at the cellular level, to define the type of inhibitory activity and eventually to identify the second messenger of the action of inhibitor. The measurement of middle molecular (MM) fractions with various sophisticated methods has clearly established that there is a number of MM substances accumulating in biological fluids of patients with chronic renal failure. A part of them is probably of little clinical significance. However, those with biological activity may be of great clinical implication. To omit the interference of biologically inactive MM substances and to define the biological activity of those of clinical relevance the search turned to be biological actions of MM substances during the last years. The alteration such as impaired glucose utilization is chosen on the basis of clinical suggestion and the responsible inhibitor is looked for. This approach reflects in completely different strategy in comparison with the analytical search. Preparative instead of analytical arrangement is to be used. This does not mean only volume differences. The principles differ. This is to be stated to prevent inappropriate loss of time and effort of those starting to search in this manner. PMID- 7295098 TI - Potential role of middle molecular compounds in the development of uremic anemia. AB - In preceding papers it was demonstrated that middle molecular fractions isolated from uremic patients (MM) impair hemoglobin synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (D-ALA-D) and by diminishing the globin synthesis in reticulocytes from healthy subjects. Additionally, the susceptibility to oxidative damage of erythrocytes is increased in the presence of MM. Studies were undertaken to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It was found that the MM induced D-ALA-D inhibition is reversed both by Zn and by GSH in vitro indicating that MM exert their effect on the enzyme either by affecting essential SH-groups within the enzyme molecule or by altering the enzyme configuration by interaction with the Zn atom. MM causing an increased oxidative hemolysis rate (OHR) also inhibit the catalase activity and the glucose consumption of normal and uremic erythrocytes. It is concluded that the augmented OHR in uremia is induced by accumulating hydrogen peroxide which cannot be sufficiently removed due to the MM mediated catalase inhibition and the concomitant impairment of the glucose utilisation. PMID- 7295099 TI - In vitro cytotoxic properties of plasma fractions from uremic patients. AB - The growth of cultured cells was studied in the presence of control and uremic plasma. Cell multiplication was observed by in situ countings and measured by 3H thymidine incorporation during one population doubling time of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. Uremic plasma were taken from severe uremic patients (plasma creat. greater than 0.45 mM/L) and from hemodialysed (HD) patients: plasma from HD patients were obtained at the beginning and end of a dialysis session. The 3H Thymidine incorporation in the presence of uremic plasma was decreased (3620 +/- 160 cpm, n = 16) as compared to the control incorporation (8500 +/- 520 cpm, n = 14) (p 0.01). The comparison between the pre- and post-dialysis incorporation values (3900 +/- 660 cpm vs 9580 +/- 1600 cpm, n = 8) showed a significant increase of the 3H-Thymidine incorporation in the presence of post-dialysis plasma (paired t test: p less than 0.01) which did not differ from that of control plasma. To obtain information on the properties of the cytotoxic material, incubations were made with ultrafiltrate (UF) of plasma and UF middle molecular weight fraction of UF obtained by G-15 Sephadex filtration. Uremic UF and fraction displayed no cytotoxic properties when added alone to the culture medium. The pre-incubation of uremic UF and "middle molecule" fraction with control plasma restored a cytotoxic effect which was not different from that observed with total uremic plasma. Uremic plasma induces an inhibition of the growth of cultured cells. That is due to ultrafiltrate molecules abnormally accumulated in uremic plasma which are inhibitory when mixed with plasma macromolecules. PMID- 7295100 TI - Technical aspects on middle molecules: separation, isolation, and identification. AB - For the last few years we have attempted to separate and isolate from biological fluids the uremic Middle Molecules (MM). The first step in the treatment of plasma is an ultrafiltration through AN69 membrane. The samples are fractionated by Sephadex G-15 chromatography into 9 peaks "a" to "i' under precise conditions that have been selected in order to exhibit different patterns in the MM range (peak b and c) between uremic and uremic polyneuropathic patients. Further separation of peak b is performed by ion exchange chromatography with Sephadex DEAE A-25 into 7 sub-peaks b; sub-peak b 4-2 is the only one to correlate with neuropathy. Prior to b 4-2 identification studies, specific large scale isolation procedures are necessary. The purity of the product is monitored at each step by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. PMID- 7295101 TI - Platelet function as an assay for uremic toxins. AB - The nature of the toxins responsible for the uremic syndrome remains a mystery. There is current interest, however, in the possible role of middle molecular weight (500-3000 daltons) retention products and elevated hormonal factors, e.g., parathormone, as such toxins. Clinical studies of the uremic platelet defect suggest that this defect is due to a dialysable platelet inhibitor perhaps within the middle molecular weight range. An in vitro test system has been developed using the response of platelets in plasma, or in buffer following separation by gel-filtration, to release 14C labelled serotonin by graded doses of particulate collagen. This can demonstrate reversible and irreversible platelet inhibition by exogenous factors such as drugs, and in addition, demonstrates a reversible platelet inhibitor in uremic patients. It is suggested, therefore, this gel filtered platelet preparation may be useful to study, biologically, the toxicity of middle molecules and other factors. Preliminary experimental work demonstrates that following the fractionation of an ultrafiltrate from uremic serum an inhibitor of platelet release is found in two cases: (1) in those fractions containing substances in the middle molecular range; and (2) in association with those fractions where the salt peak exists. In fractions obtained from ultrafiltrates of normal serum, platelet toxicity only coincides with the salt peak. These experiments do, indeed, support a toxic role for middle molecules but, in addition, indicate some of the problems of bioassays and the need for careful controls. PMID- 7295102 TI - Some aspects of middle molecules toxicity. AB - Middle molecules can act on several levels of uremic disease. So, this work is a multidisciplinary one with the participation of nephrologists, hematologists and also pharmacologists, chemists and biophysicians. We present here our results on four different toxic effects found with middle molecules: the energy dependant phenomena, the platelet aggregability, the cardiotoxic, and the neurotoxic effects. Middle molecules were isolated from urine of normal subjects and blood of patients with chronic renal insufficiency and treated by hemodialysis. Separation was done according to Furst's procedure. PMID- 7295103 TI - Toxicity of middle molecules: clinical evaluation using a selective filtration artificial kidney. AB - The effect of four uremic patients, treated 4-6 months with a new artificial kidney system aimed to remove molecules between 10,000-40,000 daltons returning substances with mol wt 200-10,000 back to the patients, was compared with the effect of conventional hemodialysis. The patients treated with this system obtained a more stable hemoglobin concentration without blood transfusions. They got an increased mean nerve conduction velocity and their plasma increased in quality as culture medium on human mononuclear phagocytes grown in vitro. PMID- 7295104 TI - Cerebral ischemic events in patients with carotid artery fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - From 1962 through 1979, 13,955 cerebral angiograms were made at our institution. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) was identified in 82 (0.6%) patients. Follow-up information with specific reference to subsequent cerebral ischemic events (CIEs) was obtained in 79 (96%) patients and forms the basis for this study. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 76 years (mean, 58 years). Seventy-four of the patients were women. During an average follow-up of 60 months, three patients suffered subsequent CIEs (50, 136, and 216 months after the initial diagnosis). Fibromuscular dysplasia of the carotid artery is often an incidental angiographic finding, which may be manifested with focal CIEs. Most patients had no subsequent cerebrovascular symptoms related to the FMD. Therefore, we suggest that medical or surgical therapy be reserved for selected patients who have evidence of progressive cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7295105 TI - Cephalic fibromuscular dysplasia in 32 patients: clinical findings and radiologic features. AB - The clinical and angiographic features of 32 patients with cephalic fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) are reported. All of our patients were women, 78% of whom were between 41 and 70 years of age. At examination, 18 (56%) patients had the sudden onset of focal ischemic neurologic deficits. Seven (22%) patients had intracranial berry aneurysms, which ruptured in five patients but were asymptomatic in two. The most common angiographic pattern was the "string of beads" deformity, which involved both extracranial internal carotid arteries at or distal to the third cervical vertebral level. The vertebral artery was affected in six cases, while three cases had intracranial involvement. Less common angiographic findings in this series consisted of segmental fusiform dilation of the artery, and lesions in the form of a septum that extended across the lumen. Twelve patients were followed up for an average of four years. Progression of FMD lesions was shown in two of the six patients who had repeated angiograms. The literature contains reports of only nine cases of cephalic FMD with repeated angiograms, three of which demonstrated progression. Our experience suggests a beneficial role for surgery in patients with specific symptoms in the distribution of the affected vessel, when coexistent disease is negligible or absent. PMID- 7295106 TI - Primary lateral sclerosis: a case report. AB - The syndrome of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) has been reported clinically on many occasions. Pathologic confirmation in the modern era, however, has generally been lacking. In a recently reported case of PLS, the disorder was complicated by a pontine infarct. We describe a 65-year-old woman whose illness began with spastic dysarthria, which gradually worsened to the point that 18 months later she could barely utter a sound. Meanwhile, dysphagia, brisk reflexes, and a pseudobulbar affect had developed. Three years after onset she had a spastic contractured right-sided hemiplegia and walked with short shuffling steps. The spasticity slowly progressed, and she died of aspiration pneumonia 3.5 years after the onset of dysarthria. Neuropathologic examination showed bilateral atrophy of the precentral gyri, which microscopically showed a paucity of Betz cells. There was loss of myelin throughout the corticospinal system, yet the anterior-horn cells of the spinal cord and hypoglossal nuclei were well preserved. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, of unknown cause and significance, were observed in occasional motor neurons, one in the hypoglossal nucleus and two in spinal cord anterior horns. Clinically and pathologically, this case meets the criteria for PLS. PMID- 7295107 TI - Praxis and writing of the left hand may be served by different callosal pathways. AB - A patient who had damage to the leftward outflow of the body of the corpus callosum experienced the development of agraphia, but not apraxia, of the left hand. In another case reported recently, a similar lesion produced the same intriguing dissociation. We suggest that the principal interhemispheric controls for praxis and for writing of the left hand operate at different levels of the corpus callosum. PMID- 7295108 TI - Can left-handed writing posture predict cerebral language laterality? AB - In terms of cerebral lateralization of function, left-handed persons represent a more heterogeneous group than right-handed persons. Some evidence suggests that left-handed subgroups can be identified on the basis of the following two types of writing posture: (1) inverted posture that indicates ipsilateral hemisphere language capability and (2) straight writing posture that indicates contralateral hemisphere language capability. A direct test of this hypothesis with an intracarotid amobarbital sodium injection failed to support these predictions. For clinical decisions in which the hemisphere subserving language is necessary, one should rely on direct assessment with the use of the amobarbital injection technique. PMID- 7295109 TI - Gait disturbances in patients with autistic behavior: a preliminary study. AB - Kinesiologic analysis of the gaits of 21 autistic, 15 normal, and five hyperactive-aggressive children revealed that the autistic patients had (a) reduced stride lengths, (b) increased stance times, (c) increased hip flexion at "toe-off," and (d) decreased knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion at ground contact. In many respects, the gait differences between the autistic and normal subjects resembled differences between the gaits of parkinsonian patients and of normal adults. These preliminary results are compatible with the view that the autistic syndrome may be associated with specific dysfunction of the motor system affecting, among other structures, the basal ganglia. PMID- 7295111 TI - Progressive hydrocephalus in infants with birth weights less than 1,500 g. AB - Premature infants have been frequently observed to manifest hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). For the complete newborn population of Nova Scotia in 1976 to 1978, we found a very low incidence of hydrocephalus in children whose birth weight was less than 1,500 g. Eighty-two percent of these babies were born in a perinatal center; 18% were transported. Chart review of survivors (58%) and autopsy review of deaths (autopsy rate, 86%) showed that in the province's three neonatal intensive care units, only four of 314 such babies manifested progressive hydrocephalus. Only one of four infants was examined after IVH. An IVH was noted at autopsy in 42% of cases. No survivor manifested hydrocephalus one to three years later as judged by head circumference and neurosurgical records. Our results may reflect the impact of regionalized perinatal care, or that post-IVH hydrocephalus is rare in an unselected population. PMID- 7295110 TI - Downbeat nystagmus with magnesium depletion. AB - Two patients with neurological signs of magnesium depletion complained of oscillopsia and manifested downbeat nystagmus. Serum magnesium levels measured less than 1.0 mg/dL. Hypomagnesemia resulted from debilitating intestinal disease in both patients and apparently was aggravated in one case by failure to add magnesium sulfate to the patient's regimen for total parenteral nutrition. Neither patient had any of the neurological conditions reported with downbeat nystagmus. Thus, downbeat nystagmus in the primary position occurs with the metabolic derangement of severe magnesium depletion. Another apparent metabolic cause of downbeat nystagmus is thiamine deficiency. Downbeat nystagmus also may occur from a partial deficiency of the metabolic cofactors, magnesium and thiamine. PMID- 7295112 TI - Encephalopathy in infants and children with chronic renal disease. AB - The examination of five pediatric patients with encephalopathy secondary to chronic renal failure has indicated a stereotyped sequence of neurologic signs and symptoms including ataxia, loss of motor abilities, myoclonus, seizures, dementia, and bulbar dysfunction. Both the patients with CNS dysfunction and a control group selected for a similar degree of renal failure had increased levels of serum phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone. Serial EEGs in the affected group revealed progressive slowing and an increase in paroxysmal features. No specific neuropathologic findings were noted in one patient. PMID- 7295113 TI - Progeria with carotid artery aneurysms: report of a case. PMID- 7295114 TI - Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis: symptoms suggestive of meningitis. AB - Gliomas that arise primarily in the leptomeninges are rare. Of the 15 reported cases of primary leptomeningeal glioma, only two diffusely involved the leptomeninges. We report the third case of primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis, this in a 55-year-old man who died three months after the onset of symptoms. The clinical manifestations, CSF findings, and the gross appearance of the brain resembled meningitis rather than neoplasm. Results of cytologic examinations of the CSF were normal and the diagnosis was made at necropsy. The diffuse form of primary leptomeningeal glioma has a shorter clinical course and poorer prognosis than the solitary form. Primary leptomeningeal gliomas are believed to arise from heterotopic neuroglial tissue in the leptomeninges. PMID- 7295115 TI - The superficial peroneal sensory nerve revisited. PMID- 7295116 TI - CSF in herpes zoster meningoencephalitis. PMID- 7295118 TI - Neurologic complications of hyperthyroidism: remission of spastic paraplegia, dementia, and optic neuropathy. PMID- 7295117 TI - Transient paraplegia caused by aortic occlusion. PMID- 7295119 TI - Central razzle: a central auditory pain syndrome? PMID- 7295120 TI - Trigeminal nerve neuroma simulating Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. PMID- 7295121 TI - Progressive supranuclear palsy. PMID- 7295122 TI - Treatment of bilateral groups I through III retinoblastoma with bilateral radiation. AB - Thirty-seven patients with bilateral retinoblastoma, groups I, II, and III, were treated with simultaneous bilateral radiation. The median age at diagnosis was 4 months. Twenty-two of these patients were examined because of known history of retinoblastoma. Eight of these 22 patients had no evidence of retinoblastoma on at least one examination before the detection of retinoblastoma, and two had bilateral disease present at birth. Of 74 eyes treated, 39 required additional treatment and 11 ultimately were enucleated. Three patients died of metastatic disease. Seven patients subsequently had second nonocular tumors develop that were both in and out of the field of radiation. PMID- 7295123 TI - Simultaneous bilateral radiation for advanced bilateral retinoblastoma. AB - A retrospective review of 1,424 cases of retinoblastoma disclosed 34 patients with advanced bilateral retinoblastoma whose sole initial treatment was simultaneous bilateral radiation. All patients had a combination of bilateral group IV or V retinoblastoma. Mean age at diagnosis was 13.1 months. Five-year survival of patients was 88% (28/32). In two (7%) of 28 surviving patients, a second nonocular tumor developed: one inside and one outside the field of radiation. Of the 64 eyes treated, 44 ultimately were enucleated. Of ten eyes requiring a second course of radiation, nine were enucleated. In only one eye was enucleation due to radiation complications. Eleven patients required additional treatment with light coagulation, cryopexy, or cobalt plaques. PMID- 7295124 TI - Concurrent heritable retinoblastoma, pinealoma, and trisomy X. PMID- 7295125 TI - Differences of adrenal stress control mechanisms in subjects with glaucoma and normal subjects. Effect of vasopressin and pyrogen. AB - Various types of glaucomatous and normal subjects were tested for the adequacy of the stress response of their hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to pyrogen and vasopressin. With pyrogen, a significant response of elevation of plasma cortisol levels was positively correlated with ocular pressure and changes of the optic disc. Those subjects with increased ocular pressure and optic disc cupping and pallor had greater rises of plasma cortisol levels. With vasopressin, a decreased response of plasma cortisol levels was negatively correlated with the degree of elevated ocular pressure. Those subjects with increased ocular pressure and lower tonographic outflow facilities had smaller rises of plasma cortisol levels. Both tests indicated a disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in subjects with glaucoma. PMID- 7295126 TI - Vitiliginous chorioretinitis. AB - Eleven patients had a syndrome characterized by (1) onset, in apparently healthy patients, usually women in the third to sixth decade of life, of floaters and photopsia, blurred vision, and often followed later by night blindness and color blindness, (2) vitreous inflammation, (3) multifocal patches of depigmentation of the choroid and the pigment epithelium in the postequatorial fundi, (4) varying degrees of retinal edema and papilledema, narrowing of the retinal vessels, and mild optic atrophy, (5) moderate to severe electroretinographic findings, and (6) a variable rate of progression and severity, but with a tendency toward stabilization and preservation of good central vision in at least one eye. "Vitiliginous chorioretinitis" was chosen as the name for this syndrome because of the similarity of the appearance and evolution of the patches of choroidal depigmentation to that occurring in the skin of patients with vitiligo. PMID- 7295127 TI - Cystic retinal tufts and their relationship to retinal detachment. AB - Cystic retinal tuft, a lesion of the peripheral retina that has been described histologically, is herein described clinically and illustrated by fundus photographs. It is a congenital developmental vitreoretinal abnormality associated with firm vitreoretinal adhesions and can lead to acute tractional retinal tears at the time of an acute posterior vitreous detachment. It has been reported to be present in 5% of autopsy cases. In a consecutive series of 200 retinal detachment cases, 6.5% seemed to be causally related to cystic retinal tufts. The risk of a cystic retinal tuft leading to retinal detachment was computed to be less than 1% (range, 0.18% to 0.28%). Prophylactic treatment of cystic retinal tufts is therefore not advised. PMID- 7295128 TI - Increased plasma cortisol levels in ocular hypertension. AB - Significant differences in plasma cortisol levels were found between patients with elevated ocular pressure and those with normal ocular pressure. The higher levels of plasma cortisol occurred in patients with higher ocular pressures. This significant separation was particularly related to the ocular pressure at the time of the plasma cortisol sampling; it was not related to other ocular factors or to systemic factors other than blood pressure (BP). Associated with the difference in levels of plasma cortisol was a significant difference in both systolic and diastolic BP between these two groups. Significant positive correlations were also found between plasma cortisol values and systolic BP and between ocular pressure and systolic BP. We concluded that an elevated plasma cortisol level is closely related to the pressure in the eye at the time of the cortisol sampling. PMID- 7295129 TI - Optic disc hemorrhages. Analysis of stereophotographs and clinical data of 112 patients. AB - Examination of optic disc stereophotographs of 1,548 patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma revealed a disc hemorrhage in 112 cases. Multivariate analysis showed that disposition of hemorrhages on the disc is related to mean intraocular pressure, even lower levels of which increased probability of bleeding in inferior sectors, which showed hemorrhages more frequently than superior and horizontal sectors. Locations of hemorrhages correlated highly significantly with locations of neural rim notches. Predominance of large optic cups in eyes with normal central visual fields suggests that a genetically determined large cup may be a risk factor in addition to pathologic diurnal variation of IOP, which seemed more important than mean IOP in the development of hemorrhages. Capsular glaucoma was observed more seldom and low-tension glaucoma was observed more often than expected. PMID- 7295130 TI - Ocular motor signs in some metabolic diseases. AB - Ocular motor disturbances are described with a miscellany of metabolic disturbances. Horizontal gaze abnormalities, often simulating congenital ocular motor apraxia, characterized Gaucher's disease. Vertical gaze abnormalities, especially downgaze paralysis, characterized what is generally considered a variant of Niemann-Pick disease, or sea-blue histiocytosis, but which we prefer to call the "DAF" syndrome. A form of internuclear ophthalmoplegia but with nystagmus of the adducting eye characterized abetalipoproteinemia. epileptiform eyelid and eye movements occurred in a case of methylmalonohomocystinuria. Ocular motor abnormalities are also described with variation of olivopontocerebellar degeneration and with ataxia telangiectasia. PMID- 7295131 TI - Central ocular motor abnormalities in Duane's retraction syndrome. AB - Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by marked limitation or absence of abduction, variable limitation of adduction, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure with retraction of the globe on attempted adduction. We have recently recorded and quantitated ocular motility in five patients with unilateral DRS. In all patients, abduction of the affected eye was greatly limited, whereas adduction was limited, whereas adduction was limited to a lesser degree. Abnormalities in saccadic velocities were found in both the affected eye and the sound eye. Results of testing of the vestibulo ocular reflex, optokinetic nystagmus, and optokinetic afternystagmus showed notable asymmetry. Our results suggest that DRS is produced by a primary brainstem abnormality involving premotor structures. PMID- 7295132 TI - Clinical-angiographic correlation of ophthalmodynamometry in suspected carotid artery disease. Prospective study. AB - A prospective, clinical study of patients with suspected carotid artery disease compared the accuracy of compression and suction ophthalmodynamometry (ODM) with carotid artery stenosis determined by arteriography. Results were analyzed with respect to current criteria for classification and determination of "substantial" carotid artery disease. The best correlation for both procedures with arteriography was a ratio of the corrected intraocular pressure to the systolic brachial pressure. Both suction and compression ODM findings are equally accurate, with levels approaching 80%; however, neither test is sensitive enough to be used alone as a screening technique. Arteriography remains the best procedure for the determination of carotid artery disease. PMID- 7295133 TI - The postoperative results and stability of exodeviations. PMID- 7295134 TI - Accuracy of ultrasound intraocular lens calculation. AB - A review of the literature was made to evaluate the prediction accuracy of intraocular lens calculations. A uniform standard formula (percentage +/- 1.0 diopter/percentage +/- 2.0 D/range of error) for reporting accuracy was used to evaluate the accuracy of reports in the literature, as well as the accuracy of an ultrasound unit (Kretz 7100 MA), the HOffer formula, use of a standard 3.5-mm anterior chamber depth, and addition of a retinal thickness factor to the measured ultrasound axial length. The appropriateness of technicians performing this procedure also was evaluated. Results of previous studies show that the use of another ultrasound unit (Sonometrics DBR) and Binkhorst's formula is the least clinically accurate method. PMID- 7295135 TI - Peninsula pupil. Anomaly unique to Newfoundland and Labrador? AB - Forty cases of an unusual form of iris atrophy that results in a characteristically oval pupil have been seen in Newfoundland and Labrador. The anomaly is an atrophy of part of the sphincter pupillae, is confined to the iris, and is not associated with any systemic disorder. The great majority of those affected are male, and all have blue eyes. We suggest that it may be an inherited trait. PMID- 7295136 TI - Small malignant melanoma of the choroid with extraocular extension. AB - A disciform macular lesion in the hyperpigmented eye of a patient with melanosis oculi demonstrated slowly progressive increase in size during eight years. Clinical observation and serial fundus photography indicated increase in anteroposterior thickness of the lesion to 2.0 mm and in greatest diameter from 3.5 to 6.0 mm. Subsequent echography revealed an overall anteroposterior dimension of 3.4 mm and an increase to 5.5 mm in 20 months. Enucleation of the affected eye with the intact extraocular tumor mass and a local tenonectomy demonstrated a choroidal malignant melanoma of the epithelioid cell type with extraocular extension, peripapillary scleral infiltration, focal invasion of the juxtalaminar optic nerve, and tumor cells in the subarachnoid space. This experience emphasizes the importance of echography in the periodic evaluation of small choroidal malignant melanomas to detect growth not apparent by ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 7295138 TI - Photoreceptor orientation. A graded disturbance bordering a region of choroidal atrophy. AB - Retinal photoreceptor orientation was found to be disturbed in the region bordering an area of choroidal atrophy in the eye of a human observer. This disturbance was inferred from the locations of the peaks of psychophysical Stiles Crawford functions. These peak locations progressively shifted from a normal location near the center of the pupil to well beyond the nasal pupillary margin as the retinal test location approached the visible lesion. We conclude that this disturbance of photoreceptor orientation reflects the operation of tractional forces that interfere with the reorientation of the receptors toward the pupil in a sizable area of the retina surrounding the traction-inducing lesion. PMID- 7295137 TI - Immunopathology of ascarid infection of the eye. Role of IgE antibodies and mast cells. AB - The roles of IgE antiascarid antibodies and mast cells were compared in passively sensitized guinea pigs and animals infected intravitreally with ascarid larvae (Toxocara canis, Ascaris suum). Intravenous IgE antibody disappeared from the serum within 48 hours, but induced a hypersensitive state that persisted for 28 days. In systemically immunized animals, the aqueous-serum IgE antibody ratio was 1:1,000 or less. Passive periocular anaphylactic reactions produced an infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils, degranulation of mast cells, and vascular leakage in periocular and episcleral tissues. Systemic anaphylaxis also produced degranulation of uveal mast cells, and infiltration of eosinophils, and vascular leakage in the choroid. Intraocular infection produced a transient decrease of mast cells that correlated with an increased infiltration of eosinophils and plasma cells. PMID- 7295139 TI - Remodeling of the cryosurgical adhesion. AB - A cryosurgical adhesion was considered mature and complete at two weeks. A reexamination of the lesion showed that the adhesion, at two weeks, was mediated by depolarized cells and was not stable. In subsequent months, the cells repolarized, and a remodeling of the adhesion took place. The desmosomal connections between the blunt surfaces of pigment epithelium and Muller's cells were displaced by villous processes that developed from the apical surfaces of repolarizing pigment epithelium. The villi interdigitated with short processes that were elaborated by Muller's cells from a redifferentiated outer limiting membrane. PMID- 7295140 TI - Congenital rubella syndrome. PMID- 7295142 TI - Glare sensitivity in simulated radial keratotomy. AB - Models for 8-, 16-, and 32-slit radial keratotomies with both different-sized clear central areas and different incisional scar widths have been produced. Five normal subjects who looked through a series of these models have had their glare sensitivity determined using variable contrast threshold targets surrounded by a constant glare source. Results show that increased glare sensitivity is present with small (less than 3 mm), clear central areas and wide (greater than or equal to 0.3 mm) incisional scars. The study suggests that finer scars, larger clear central areas, and configurations of eight and 16 slits should produce the least increase in glare sensitivity. These suggestions seem to be supported by studies performed on patients who have undergone radial keratotomy. PMID- 7295141 TI - Bipolar bimanual diathermy. PMID- 7295144 TI - The Baylor Video Acuity Tester. AB - A device has been developed that offers many advantages not available with traditional visual acuity testing methods. The Baylor Video Acuity Tester (BVAT) produces randomized targets, size selectable at electronic speeds for testing even in normal ambient room light. Comparisons of the BVAT with the Project-O Chart (American Optical Corp, Southbridge, Mass) on 60 subjects yield correlations of .93 and .95. A test-retest correlation of the BVAT of .88 was found. PMID- 7295143 TI - Extended-wear contact lenses for myopic correction. AB - The long-term effects of an extended-wear contact lens (perfilcon A [Permalens]) for myopia were evaluated in 106 patients who had successfully worn the lens for four to eight years (median, 4.94 years). Visual acuity was 6/12 (20/40) or better in 95% of the 207 eyes fitted. Corneal neovascularization, when encountered (8.7%), was mild and did not reduce visual acuity. There were no cases of infectious corneal ulcer or scarring or of permanent visual loss from use of the lens. In selected patients, use of extended-wear lenses seems to be a reasonable form of optical correction of myopia, and they deserve further study. The use of these lenses is discussed as an alternative to the experimental procedure of radial keratotomy. PMID- 7295145 TI - Zellweger syndrome. Lenticular opacities indicating carrier status and lens abnormalities characteristic of homozygotes. AB - Cataracts were found in four patients with pathologically confirmed Zellweger syndrome. By careful slitlamp examination with the pupil completely dilated, there is a denser cortex that produces a cortical-nuclear interface. These opacities have ultrastructural analogues, which are inclusion bodies restricted to the cortical lens fibers. The lens epithelium shows abnormal mitochondrial proliferation that is age dependent. The parents of these four infants with Zellweger syndrome have lenticular opacities that are seen only biomicroscopically after maximal pupillary dilation. These changes consist of curvilinear condensations in the cortical region corresponding to the locus of the cataractous changes in the homozygous state. In the clinical setting of an infant who is failing to thrive, has the Zellweger facies, and demonstrates an absent electroretinogram, these heterozygote lens opacities are useful in making the diagnosis of Zellweger syndrome before pathologic substantiation. PMID- 7295146 TI - Telangiectasia and optic atrophy in cone-rod degenerations. AB - The diagnosis of cone-rod dysfunction is made with the electroretinogram (ERG). Characteristically, the photopic ERG is worse than the scotopic ERG, and both are abnormal. Of a larger group of patients with retinal dystrophy, 20 cases of cone rod dysfunction were identified. All patients had progressive disease, and all three main modes of inheritance were represented. There was remarkable similarity of findings among all patients, including temporal disc atrophy, telangiectasia of disc vessels, and little to no pigmentary retinal changes. Patients were not night-blind unless advanced disease was present. These patients suggest that neither telangiectasia nor temporal optic atrophy is pathognomonic for Leber's optic neuropathy nor dominant optic atrophy, respectively. Using a combination of electrophysiologic testing, fundus changes and modes of inheritance may prove helpful in better classifying the different types of retinal dystrophies, including retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7295147 TI - Features of the optic disc in preglaucomatous eyes. AB - Sixteen preglaucomatous eyes in which glaucomatous field defects developed were compared with 38 preglaucomatous eyes matched for age and sex whose fields remained normal. A noticeable enlargement of the cup occurred in 31% of those in which field loss developed. The cups of those in whom visual field defects developed were larger than in the controls, thus suggesting early acquired tissue damage preceding field loss. Field defects developed without noticeable enlargement and with a small initial cup in 12% of those observed, and these would not have been suspected from the initial disc appearance. PMID- 7295148 TI - Bilateral, congenital, dermis-like choristomas overlying corneal staphylomas. AB - Two unrelated patients with diffuse, bilateral, congenital tumefactions overlying the corneas were seen. The tumors were protuberant, fleshy masses that partially concealed underlying corneal staphylomas. Spontaneous rupture was suspected in one eye. Histopathologic study of three specimens disclosed dermis-like tumors. In one specimen, an apocrine gland was identified, thus supporting the diagnosis of choristoma. An evisceration specimen from a ruptured globe confirmed that the ectatic cornea was an anterior staphyloma. The posterior pole seemed grossly normal. This disorder may have a genetic basis or it may result from a developmental or inflammatory insult in utero. Preoperative diagnosis is important because the associated anterior staphylomas complicate management. PMID- 7295149 TI - Retinoschisis. Complication of peripheral uveitis. PMID- 7295150 TI - Ocular manifestations of the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. AB - To our knowledge, this article describes the first ocular histopathologic condition of a Smith-Lemli-Opitz proband, despite almost 60 clinical histories that exist in the literature. The sole retinal abnormality in this 1-month-old infant with congenital bilateral cataracts is the extensive dropout of peripheral ganglion axons with incipient optic nerve demyelination. Unusual amorphous cytoplasmic masses that are continuous with photoreceptor discs are prominent aspects of the peripheral subretinal space. The morphological data imply that the localized mitochondrial disintegration is restricted to the corneal endothelium and retinal pigment epithelium and is an important element in the etiology. All children who fail to thrive with vomiting, are mentally deficient, have anteverted nostrils, broad maxillary alveolar ridges, syndactyly of the second and third toes, and ambiguous genitalia should be carefully screened for incipient corneal endothelial changes, mild cataracts, and peripheral retinal changes. PMID- 7295151 TI - Aqueous-venous shunt for glaucoma. A further report. AB - The aqueous-venous shunt procedure is a new microsurgical procedure for the relief of glaucoma. The procedure is therapeutically effective in control of glaucoma, is relatively simple to perform, is associated with low risk, and is well tolerated. As measured by tonography and clinical observations, intraocular pressure reduction following the procedure is due mainly to an improvement in aqueous outflow facility. It can be considered clinically as a useful alternative in the management of selected cases of open angle glaucoma. PMID- 7295152 TI - Detection of anterior chamber leakage with Seidel's test. PMID- 7295154 TI - Cephradine levels in human aqueous humor. AB - In an attempt to investigate penetration of cephradine into the primary aqueous humor in man, we administered 500-mg and 1-g doses of cephradine orally to 27 patients about to undergo elective cataract extraction. A mean peak aqueous humor level of 0.87 microgram/mL was obtained at about three hours after the 500-mg dose. The mean peak aqueous humor level after the 1-g dose also occurred at three hours and was 1.99 microgram/mL, with a range from 0.91 to 3.25 microgram/mL. This concentration was greater than the median minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cephradine for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Str pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus (when tested in nutrient agar) but was greater than the MIC for 90% of isolates only with Str pyogenes. PMID- 7295153 TI - Prolongation of anti-inflammatory effect of prednisolone acetate. Influence of formulation in high-viscosity gel. AB - Prednisolone acetate was formulated in a high-viscosity carboxypolymethylene gel at concentrations of 0.125% and 1.0%. The ability of these gel preparations to suppress inflammation in the cornea was assessed and compared with the antiinflammatory capabilities of conventional commercially available prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspensions. When administered hourly, the gel formulations produced no greater anti-inflammatory effect than the conventional suspensions. However, the gel formulations were equal in effect to the suspensions and maintained their effects considerably longer than did the suspensions. When applied at intervals up to and including four hours, there was no falloff in effect; the gel demonstrated a level of anti-inflammatory effectiveness that could not be distinguished from hourly administration of the suspension. PMID- 7295155 TI - Hysterical bitemporal hemianopia. PMID- 7295156 TI - Traumatic hyphema. PMID- 7295157 TI - The weaning of the complete head and neck surgeon. PMID- 7295158 TI - Ethics in head and neck surgery. AB - Ethical problems have been a part of medicine since it became a cult, an art, and then a science. Ethics in surgery of the head and neck have developed a special poignancy because of the astounding advances in medical science and technology with their application to this exposed area of the body that is so intimately related to esthetics and physiologic function. When the patient and his family are confronted with a potentially life-threatening disease that requires surgical management, the basic human and civil rights of the patient and his physician come into acute focus. It is within this framework of rights and responsibilities that the patient's welfare must be managed. This ongoing evolution in our mores must grapple with problems that Hippocrates never dreamed of; yet, this is precisely the area of activity that provides the best in medical service with the highest dignity to the profession. PMID- 7295159 TI - Regression of head and neck carcinoma with a prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor. AB - The in vivo administration of a prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor inhibited or reduced tumor growth in cancer patients and experimental animals. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent commonly used in the management of arthritic patients, acted as an immune adjuvant by decreasing the production of prostaglandins. Seven cases demonstrated that indomethacin taken in the usually recommended dosages causes regression and stabilization of head and neck cancer. The following factors were also considered in this study: prostaglandin production, a survey of other reports of solid neoplasm response to prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor administration, drug toxicity, irradiation therapy and metastases, the need for tumor biopsy, and the role that reduction in inflammation plays in tumor shrinkage. PMID- 7295160 TI - Plaster of paris as an alloplastic implant in the frontal sinus. AB - The use of calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) has been advocated to repair bony defects because of its unique capability of stimulating osteoneogenesis. Plaster of Paris can be used as a bony alloplast, and it can be analyzed histologically. Sinus roentgenograms and technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scanning further support the use of plaster of Paris as an alloplast and assess its osteoneogenic capacity when implanted in the frontal sinus of dogs; complete bone regeneration was demonstrated in six dogs within four to six months. The use of plaster of Paris for bone reconstruction in the head and neck can be applied in surgery. The experience with plaster of Paris to date, although limited, shows it to be safe and highly encouraging as an effective bone allograft. PMID- 7295161 TI - Selective myotomy for voice restoration after total laryngectomy. AB - Reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus after total laryngectomy avoids the development of salivary fistulae and restores satisfactory swallowing. Successful techniques for closure include multiple layers of tissue, selected suture materials, the application of postoperative radiation therapy, and modified neck dissection. In addition, vocal rehabilitation has been traditionally associated with the formation of a pharyngoesophageal segment capable of producing sound after air insufflation. A three-year experience with 129 patients after they underwent a total laryngectomy and tracheoesophageal shunt showed that 16 patients (12%) failed to achieve satisfactory speech after tracheoesophageal puncture because of pharyngoesophageal spasm. Response to percutaneous block of the pharyngeal plexus and subsequent myotomy of the cricopharyngeus and pharyngeal constrictor muscles was assessed in 14 patients. Increased pharyngoesophageal tone after total laryngectomy seems to be an important factor in the failure to acquire esophageal voice. PMID- 7295162 TI - The Singer-Blom voice restoration procedure. AB - The Singer-Blom tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) technique is an effective and safe surgical method for speech rehabilitation of the alaryngeal patient. The silicone prosthesis, which is fitted in the TEP tract, allows pulmonary air to be used for voice production but prevents aspiration. In a series of 63 patients, 56 (89%) were able to develop fluent speech, but only 45 patients (71%) currently use tracheoesophageal speech as their prime mode of communication. Of the 18 patients (29%) who no longer use tracheoesophageal speech, 11 experienced either inadvertent dislodgement of the prosthesis or were noncompliant, five patients failed to develop fluent speech after adequate trial, and two patients failed because of aspiration. Almost all of the successful patients have voice quality and fluency that are as good or better than accomplished esophageal speakers, despite the fact that most of these patients were unable to learn esophageal speech. Since the Singer-Blom technique has eliminated most of the problems associated with other forms of surgical speech rehabilitation, it is considered to be the best surgical technique presently available for restoring speech in the alaryngeal patient. PMID- 7295163 TI - Complications of postoperative and preoperative radiation therapy in head and neck cancers. A comparative study. AB - The complications of planned postoperative irradiation in 60 consecutive patients treated between 1975 and 1979 are compared with those seen in 92 patients treated with preoperative irradiation between 1968 and 1974. The overall rate of complications requiring additional hospitalization was 15% (nine patients) in the postoperative radiotherapy group as compared with 54% (50 patients) in the preoperative radiotherapy group. A statistically significant increase in acute complications was noted in the latter group (46 vs three, 50% vs 5%). Delayed complications occurred with similar frequency in both groups. The three-year survival was comparable between similar patients of each group treated with either of the two modalities. We favor postoperative irradiation because of decreased acute complications and comparable survival. Modifications of the treatment technique are suggested to minimize the overall rate of complications. PMID- 7295164 TI - Advanced carcinoma of the tongue. Management by total glossectomy without laryngectomy. AB - A major goal of any surgical program for patients with tumors is to cure their cancer. Patients requiring total glossectomy usually are seen initially with far advanced disease, often after failure of other treatment modalities. As a result, they may be suffering from constant pain as well impairment of speech and deglutition. The prognosis is poor, and palliative surgery with good rehabilitation of the speaking and swallowing mechanisms becomes a reasonable, albeit limited, objective. Our series does show that properly selected patients can be successfully rehabilitated after total glossectomy with out laryngectomy. This successful rehabilitation begins with good patient selection and preoperative preparation. Postoperative rehabilitation requires the interplay of a highly motivated patient and a well-coordinated health care team. The physician, nurse, speech pathologist, dietitian, and social worker all have important roles in ensuring the patient's return to a good quality of life. The surgeon will direct the efforts of the team. To the nurse and the speech pathologist falls much of the bedside job of instructing and motivating the patient. Because such effective rehabilitation has been demonstrated by the success of our patients, we advocate preserving the larynx whenever possible in the patient who must undergo total glossectomy. PMID- 7295165 TI - A new technique for wide-field exposure of the base of the skull. AB - Surgical exposure of the extracranial surface of the floor of the middle and posterior cranial fossa is difficult using the available techniques of skull base surgery. Considering this problem, cadaver dissections were performed and a new approach to the skull base developed. The parapharyngeal space is entered through a transcervical incision combined with a median labiomandibulotomy. This allows control of the major neurovascular structures up to their entrance at the skull base. The Eustachian tube is divided between the base of the skull and Rosenmuller's fossa. This allows the pharynx to be detached from the skull base and retracted to the contralateral side, exposing both the clivus and upper cervical vertebrae. Exposure of the posterior nasal cavity and body of the sphenoid is obtained by a transpalatal approach. The sphenoid sinus can be entered and, if necessary, the dissection extended to the pterygomaxillary space and anterior skull base. Herein, this technique is described in detail, as are the various disease states in which it may be indicated and its application in a representative clinical case. PMID- 7295166 TI - Human squamous cell carcinoma. Establishment and characterization of new permanent cell lines. AB - Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common of human cancers, and yet because it is poorly represented by cultured cell lines, little is known about the characteristic cell biology and the cell-surface antigenic phenotypes of such tumors. To develop a continuously available source of squamous cell carcinoma for repeated and reproducible serologic analysis and for better understanding of its biologic characteristics, tissue culture methods and nude mice were used to establish new cell lines of squamous carcinoma. Special media, serum supplements from several sources, and methods of handling fresh tissue specimens were all examined as a means of improving the survival of tumor cell lines. Several new cell lines were established. Features characteristic of a squamous cell origin, eg, microvilli, desmosomes, tonofilaments, and the squamous cell differentiation antigen (pemphigus antigen), were found. The clinical course of disease in individual donor patients has been examined. PMID- 7295167 TI - Immediate reconstruction of mandibular defects with a composite sternocleidomastoid musculoclavicular graft. AB - The problem of mandibular reconstruction has been approached using many surgical techniques. This article studies one such approach--reconstruction using full thickness clavicle pedicled on the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Five patients with stage II and stage III carcinoma of the anterior part of the floor of the mouth were treated with mandibular resection and neck dissection. The resulting defects were immediately reconstructed with the clavicle-sternocleidomastoid muscle technique. The patients were observed from one to three years and were examined postoperatively with technetium Tc 99m medronate scans, which demonstrated the grafts to be viable. The technique proved reliable in a limited clinical trial. PMID- 7295168 TI - Auricular malignant neoplasms. When is chemotherapy (Mohs' technique) necessary? AB - A prospective study of 71 auricular malignant neoplasms was performed to identify lesions with a high risk of recurrence. Previously recommended margins for conventional surgical excision were marked. Then, all lesions were excised by the Mohs' technique. The Mohs' defect was compared with previously marked margins for conventional excision. Conventional excision would have been inadequate in 13% of primary and initially recurrent lesions smaller than 1 cm (clinical examination) and in 27% of primary lesions and 33% of recurrent lesions larger than 1 cm. All cases successfully excised by conventional excision would have resulted in a larger defect than the actual Mohs' defect. Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma was the most common lesion inadequately excised. Either cases of this histologic type or lesions larger than 1 cm or both require consideration for the use of the Mohs' technique. PMID- 7295170 TI - Ultrastructure and elemental composition of the stapedius muscle in guinea pig. AB - Muscules stapedius in guinea pig was investigated with regard to morphology and elemental composition. The muscle fibers are multinucleated, contain a high amount of ribosomes, and a centriole is often found adjacent to the cell nucleus. Intramitochondrial inclusion bodies occur adjacent to cristae mitochondriales. Both type I and type II fibres occur, the latter with all three subtypes. Elemental analysis from the myofibrillar area revealed unexpected low concentration of K and high concentrations of NA, P, and Ca. PMID- 7295169 TI - Are aminosugars ototoxic? AB - The ototoxicity of the kanamycin fragment 3-amino-3- deoxy-D-glucose (3 aminoglucose, kanosamine), was investigated by perilymphatic perfusion in the guinea pig. Concentrations of 10 or 28 mM of this compound had no effect on cochlear microphonic potentials (CM), contrasting with previous observations (Owada 1962). Kanamycin at 1 mM decreased CM significantly under otherwise identical conditions. The action of kanamycin was at least partially reversible. PMID- 7295171 TI - A contribution to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. A histochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - In a histochemical and ultrastructural study the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma ostitis is analysed on human tissue. In the subepithelial layer there is evidence of an inflammatory reaction leading to proliferation of granulation tissue with bony invasion. Bony destruction is initiated by osteocytic osteolysis. In the case of cholesteatoma there is a combined action of extraosseous and osseous lysosomal enzymes. The pathological changes of the fibrillar elements suggest that the self-perpetuation of degeneration is maintained by a disturbance of fibrillogenesis. The causal pathogenesis of cholesteatoma formation is discussed as a function of a disturbance between cellular activity, extracellular matrix, and cellular surface. PMID- 7295172 TI - [The effect of ethacrynic acid and ouabain on the endolymphatic space of the frog (author's transl)]. AB - Ethacrynic acid, but not ouabain, administered into the endolymph entails a decrease in the endolymphatic potential of frogs. Injection of either ouabain or ethacrynic acid into the perilymph causes a decrease in the DC-potential. Intraperitoneal administration of ethacrynic acid (750 mg/kg) and ouabain (0.5 mg/kg) has no effect on the endolymphatic potential of the frog. PMID- 7295173 TI - [Criteria for the differential diagnosis of cochlear-retrocochlear disorders with brain stem audiometry (author's transl)]. AB - Brain stem audiometry turned out to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of cochlear-retrocochlear damage. Reviewing the literature of recent years it becomes clear that various criteria are used to distinguish such lesions when interpreting the brain stem potentials. The most frequently used parameters are: 1. ipsilateral latency of potential V as compared to mean of normal population; 2. difference of latency of potential V of ipsi- and contralateral side; 3. ipsilateral latency difference potentials I -- V as compared to mean of normal population; 4. difference of latency difference potentials I -- V of ipsi- and contralateral side. Evaluating the registrations of brain stem potentials of 50 patients with uni- or bilateral cochlear lesions these parameters had a different degree of liability. Comparing latency differences of potentials I -- V of ipsi- and contralateral sides was the safest method to avoid a false positive diagnosis. It is discussed why this parameter should be the most suitable in the distinction of cochlear and retrocochlear lesions. PMID- 7295174 TI - [Highpass filtering of auditory evoked brain stem potentials (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty ears of normal-hearing subjects are investigated as to the influence of highpass filtering on latency, amplitude, and shape of auditory evoked brain stem potentials. For this purpose, three different Bessel-filters (steepness 24 dB/octave) with lower cut-off frequencies at 100, 200, and 300 Hz (3-dB down points) and an upper cut-off frequency at 3 kHz are used. Spectral composition of brain stem potentials is analyzed by digital filtering based on Fast Fourier Transformation. Results show decreasing latency and amplitude of the negative wave between Jewett V and VI with increasing lower cut-off frequency. With higher edge frequencies we find attenuation of wave V relative to wave IV amplitudes. For that reason we must assume that an essential part of brain stem activity is located below 300 Hz. In our experience moderate highpass filtering seems to be useful in neurological cases to eliminate low frequency components of the signal. In that way potentials I -- V are easy to be identified and interpeak latencies can be determined without any problems. For objective threshold determination, however, brain stem potentials should be derived preferably with broadband filter settings to improve correlation of tone audiometric hearing loss (at about 3 kHz) and brain stem response threshold. A filter set with different lower cut-off frequencies has proved to be really useful in routine work. However, it must by taken into account that highpass filtering means an alteration of the original response in any case. PMID- 7295175 TI - Demyelinating disease as the assumed cause of hearing loss and vertigo. A case report with light- and electron-microscopic findings. AB - A patient initially presenting typical symptoms of idiopathic sudden deafness later developed disabling episodic vertigo, which led to translabyrinthine eighth nerve transection. Morphological examination of the removed cochlear nerve specimen revealed a demyelinating process in the neuroglial portion of the nerve. The major part of the peripheral, neurolemmal portion of the cochlear nerve was normal. The inferior vestibular nerve was fibrotic. The major part of the superior vestibular nerve was normal. Some of its peripheral bundles showed increased endoneurial fibrosis. It is suggested that a demyelinating process was the cause of the patient's symptoms. PMID- 7295176 TI - The effect of noise on deoxyglucose uptake into inner ear tissues of the mouse. AB - The uptake of deoxyglucose into inner ear tissues was studied in the mouse. Sixty minutes after a single i.v. injection of 5 mCi 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose/kg body weight, stria vascularis/spiral ligament and organ of Corti as well as other body tissues were dissected and analyzed for radioactivity. Uptake into inner ear tissues was three to five times lower than into brain or heart. The ratio of deoxyglucose-6-phosphate to deoxyglucose was 60:40 and the compounds were eliminated from the inner ear with a half life of approximately 60 min. Exposure to 100 dB of white noise during the radioactive pulse decreased uptake of deoxyglucose into both stria vascularis/spiral ligament and organ of Corti by 50%. PMID- 7295177 TI - Effects of glycerol on sodium and potassium concentrations in guinea pig perilymph. AB - Serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), scala vestibuli perilymph, and scala tympani perilymph were collected from 85 normal guinea pigs both before and after i.v. administration of glycerol (1 ml/kg), and the sodium and potassium concentrations were assessed using a microflame photometer. Marked increases in sodium concentrations were observed in scala tympani perilymph and CSF, while there was a slight decrease in the serum and there was no significant change in scala vestibuli perilymph. These increases in sodium concentrations are considered to occur in the dehydration process in the body fluids mentioned above. On the other hand, increase in the potassium concentrations was found only in scala vestibuli perilymph and thus cannot be explained by simple dehydration process. This potassium elevation in scala vestibuli perilymph should be understood by further experiment on endolymph. It became evident that scala vestibuli perilymph differs from scala tympani perilymph and CSF in the dynamics of electrolytes after glycerol administration. In this regard, the nature of the scala vestibuli as fluid space should be studied in future. The above findings obtained in the present study may imply the significance in elucidating the glycerol effect on hearing of endolymphatic hydrops case. PMID- 7295178 TI - Histological and ultrastructural findings in the vocal muscles of patients suffering from muscular dystrophies. AB - Biopsy material from the vocal muscle of patients suffering from Steinert's muscular dystrophy, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal progressive muscular dystrophy, and paraneoplastic myopathy was examined under the light and electron microscope. The histological findings were compatible with the muscular changes seen in the skeletal muscles of the extremities of the same patients. Slight differences in the severity of the pathologic process were noticed in correlation with the muscles of the extremities which were always more seriously affected than the vocal muscles. The ultrastructural study revealed a moderate to very permanent dilatation of the sarcotubular system, involving the T-tubules and the cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum as well. From the clinical point of view, the vocal muscle biopsy was beneficial to the patients suffering from Steinert's myotonic muscular dystrophy, whereas it did not affect the clinical condition of the others. PMID- 7295180 TI - Benign lymphoepithelial lesion and malignancy. AB - Whereas most patients with benign lymphoepithelial lesion suffer from the involvement of a major salivary gland a number evolve into a clinical form of Sjogren's syndrome or Mikulicz's disease. In a small number development of malignant lymphomas, especially non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, have been described. Therefore, regular follow-up and appropriate histological evaluation of suspected areas in all patients with a benign lymphoepithelial lesion is indicated. Histologically, diagnosis of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may be difficult. Demonstration of a cell pattern, monoclonal for cytoplasmic Ig by means of the immunoperoxidase technique may facilitate the diagnosis. In this report we present the history of two cases out of our series with benign lymphoepithelial lesion who developed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 7295179 TI - The latency of auditory nerve-brainstem responses in sensorineural hearing loss. AB - The use of auditory nerve-brainstem responses in differential diagnosis of hearing loss is based on several properties of these responses including response latency. The auditory nerve response latency has been shown to be prolonged in conductive hearing loss. The latency of the brainstem responses is also often prolonged in retrocochlear hearing loss. However, the effect of sensorineural hearing losses on auditory nerve response latency is not clear. Several authors report that response latency is prolonged in sensorineural loss, whereas others claim that it is unchanged. To study this, auditory nerve-brainstem responses to 75 dB HL clicks were recorded in normal-hearing subjects and in those with various degrees of high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. In the more extreme hearing losses, the auditory nerve response could not be seen in the response trace, so the latency of the earlobe positive wave from the region of the inferior colliculus was considered as mirroring auditory nerve response latency, since the time interval between these two waves has been shown to be constant. The average latency of the more severe hearing loss group (more than 40 dB hearing loss at 4kHz) was found to be only 0.35 ms longer than that of the normal hearing group. This value is smaller than that seen in most conductive and retrocochlear hearing losses. This result warrants continued use of prolonged auditory nerve response latency (greater than 0.35 ms) as an indicator of conductive hearing loss. Possible explanations for smaller latency prolongation than expected of the auditory nerve response in sensorineural hearing loss are discussed based on the properties of single auditory nerve fibers. PMID- 7295181 TI - Effects of ocular fixation on perrotatory nystagmus in damped pendular rotation test. AB - Effects of ocular fixation on pendular rotation nystagmus were investigated in 65 patients. There were 25 with peripheral vestibular or vestibulo-cochlear disorders, 17 with central vestibular disorders, five with congenital nystagmus, 16 patients over 60 years old with vertigo in whom peripheral vestibular disorders were ruled out, however, the causes were unknown. Damped pendular rotation test (DPRT) was performed both under darkness and employing mental arithmetic and under ocular fixation. These findings were related to those of caloric vestibular suppression test (VST) by Takemori and those of optokinetic pattern test (OKP), eye tracking test (ETT), and spontaneous nystagmus. Thirteen of 17 patients with central vestibular disorders and five with congenital nystagmus showed loss of visual suppression during ocular fixation in DPRT, whereas in cases of peripheral lesions, visual suppression was observed. Loss of visual suppression during ocular fixation in DPRT was often seen in cases of brainstem and cerebellar lesions. In brainstem lesions, perrotatory nystagmus was evoked during ocular fixation, whereas no nystagmus was seen in darkness with eyes open. In cerebellar lesions, perrotatory nystagmus was partly suppressed or decreased during ocular fixation. Relationships between the direction of the visual suppression during ocular fixation in DPRT and the side of the lesion were not apparent. Ocular fixation test in DPRT has a diagnostic value not only for central lesions, but for differentiating brainstem lesion from cerebellar lesion with the findings in DPRT under darkness. The findings under ocular fixation in DPRT are closely related to those of VST in cases of caloric nystagmus. PMID- 7295182 TI - Levels and interrelationships of serum and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Association with adiposity and the consumption of ethanol, tobacco, and beverages containing caffeine. AB - We have carried out a cross-sectional multivariate analysis of serum and lipoprotein lipid levels in white persons from an industrial population. Very low density lipoprotein triglyceride level was independent of ethanol consumption but increased with adiposity and cigarette smoking and decreased with coffee-tea drinking. Concomitant age variation in indices of adiposity accounted for only a small part of the sex-specific age trends in triglyceride level. Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol level was independent of all variables considered when controlled for very low density lipoprotein triglyceride. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol covaried with very low density lipoprotein triglyceride among normotriglyceridemic persons. Small increases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol level with adiposity and cigarette smoking appeared to reflect associated increases in very low density lipoprotein triglyceride. Increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol level with age, however, was largely independent of concomitant age variation in very low density lipoprotein triglyceride. High density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased with ethanol consumption and decreased with adiposity and cigarette smoking even after adjustment for its inverse relationship with very low density lipoprotein triglyceride. PMID- 7295183 TI - Effects of moderate hypercholesterolemia on rabbit endothelium. AB - We investigated the effects of moderate hypercholesterolemia and endothelial regrowth on the function of vascular endothelium. Groups of rabbits were fed either a high or low cholesterol diet and subjected to removal of the aortic endothelium or sham-operated. Endothelial removal caused diffuse thickening of the myointima. The high cholesterol diet did not affect the extent of endothelial regeneration. To test endothelial function, 1 minute before sacrifice each animal was infused with horseradish peroxidase, which will penetrate the intima in areas of increased permeability. After sacrifice, the aorta was removed en bloc and exposed to diaminobenzidine and H2O2, which produce a brown stain on reaction with horseradish peroxidase. The luminal surface of the aorta was examined, and brown-stained areas, indicating increased permeability, were quantitated by stereology. Rabbits fed the cholesterol-rich diet had a greater percentage of brown-stained areas than did rabbits fed the low cholesterol diet; this was true for both intact and regenerated endothelium. The differences were significant at the p less than 0.01 level. Scanning electron microscopy of brown areas showed that, although the surface characteristics of the endothelium were altered, endothelial sloughing did not occur. Therefore, it appears that hypercholesterolemia can be associated with a functional endothelial defect in the absence of endothelial loss. PMID- 7295184 TI - Blood glucose and risk of coronary heart disease. AB - Health status of 1877 Tecumseh Study subjects aged 35-64 years was ascertained in 1977. They represented 77% of the persons in this age range who were apparently healthy and had participated in comprehensive examinations of nearly the entire population of the community in 1959-1960 and 1962-1965. Subjects who developed coronary heart disease had a significantly higher mean blood glucose concentration than other members of the cohort, even after exclusion of diabetics. Similarly, when examined as single variables, age, sex, serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and relative weight were significantly related to incidence of coronary events. In the multiple logistic function, however, age, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, and blood glucose were the only significant variables. In a two-way interaction model, glucose and cholesterol were a highly predictive pair. After exclusion of diagnosed diabetics, glucose by itself or in interaction with other variables was not significant in the multiple logistic functions. PMID- 7295185 TI - Transfer of plasma lipoprotein components and of plasma proteins into aortas of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Molecular size as a determinant of plasma lipoprotein influx. AB - The arterial influx of esterified and free cholesterol from low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins in 20 hypercholesterolemic rabbits was measured simultaneously by the use of lipoproteins labeled in vivo with [3H]- and [14C]-cholesterol. The simultaneous arterial influx of either [3H]-leucine labeled very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, or plasma proteins was also measured in each rabbit. The arterial influx was calculated as intimal clearance, i.e., the influx of a given fraction divided by its plasma concentration. The intimal clearance of low density lipoprotein esterified cholesterol was equal to that for the apolipoproteins of that fraction, which is compatible with an arterial influx of intact low density lipoprotein molecules. The intimal clearance of very low density apolipoprotein or cholesteryl ester was less than that for low density lipoprotein, whereas high density lipoprotein and albumin clearances exceeded low density lipoprotein clearance by 1.5- to 3-fold. The intimal clearances of plasma proteins, high density, low density, and very low density lipoproteins decreased linearly with the logarithm of the macromolecular diameter. This indicates that the arterial influx of three plasma lipoprotein fractions and of plasma proteins proceeds by similar mechanisms. Apparently the relative intimal clearances of lipoproteins are more dependent on their size relative to pores or vesicular diameters at the plasma-artery interface than on specific interactions between lipoproteins and the arterial intimal surface. PMID- 7295186 TI - Noninvasive techniques for assessment of atherosclerosis. Summary of a workshop sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, January 1980. PMID- 7295187 TI - Vascular wall growth control: the role of the endothelium. AB - The current state of our knowledge of the control of endothelial growth and the role of endothelial injury in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis can be summarized as follows: 1. Endothelial cells can be grown in plasma-derived serum in the absence of exogenous growth factors. This is quite different from the growth requirements of most other nontransformed cells. These factors may, however, prolong replicative life span and increase the ability of endothelium to grow at sparse density. The relevance of these phenomena to the control of endothelial growth in vivo is unclear. There is no evidence that exogenous growth factors are required for wound edge regeneration. In view of the relative lack of growth factor requirements, it is intriguing to consider the possibility that the critical control factor for endothelial cell growth is cell contact. 2. Endothelial cell regeneration may be dependent on endothelial cell motility. The nature of this relationship may be important in controlling the ability of the endothelium to regenerate itself under different flow conditions around lesions or in different parts of the vessel tree and in determining the ability of the endothelium to respond to changes in the connective tissue overlying lesions. 3. Endothelial cells in vivo are able to regenerate small areas of denudation extremely rapidly. This process may be sufficiently rapid to permit the endothelium to replace dying cells as they are being lost, resulting in desquamation without denudation. 4. We have little evidence for endothelial denudation either spontaneously or in response to atherosclerosis risk factors until after lesion formation has begun. This does not rule out the possibility that small, repeated, transient episodes of denudation occur and play a role in the initiation of atherosclerotic lesions. It is important, however, to begin considering the role of nondenuding injuries in atherosclerosis. 5. The fact that thrombosis occurs in atherosclerosis implies an eventual breakdown of endothelial integrity. The mechanism of that breakdown remains unknown. 6. Finally, there is the question of interactions between smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells at the level of growth control. This includes the evidence that there is a critical amount of endothelium that must be lost before lesion formation is stimulated and the recent evidence that endothelial cells produce substances able to regulate growth of smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7295188 TI - Cholesterol transfer from normal and atherogenic low density lipoproteins to Mycoplasma membranes. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the free cholesterol of hypercholesterolemic low density lipoprotein from cholesterol-fed nonhuman primates has a greater potential for surface transfer to cell membranes than does the free cholesterol of normal low density lipoprotein. The low density lipoproteins were isolated from normal and hypercholesterolemic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, incubated with membranes from Acholeplasma laidlawii, a mycoplasma species devoid of cholesterol in its membranes, and the mass transfer of free cholesterol determined by measuring membrane cholesterol content. Since these membranes neither synthesize nor esterify cholesterol, nor degrade the protein or cholesterol ester moieties of low density lipoprotein, they are an ideal model with which to study differences in the cholesterol transfer potential of low density lipoprotein independent of the uptake of the intact low density lipoprotein particle. When added at an equivalent particle concentration, there was greater enrichment of membranes with free cholesterol from hypercholesterolemic low density lipoprotein. Hypercholesterolemic low density lipoprotein, however, contains more cholesterol per particle than normal low density lipoprotein; yet calculations on the basis of equivalent free cholesterol content showed no difference in either the rate or extent of free cholesterol transfer from normal or hypercholesterolemic low density lipoprotein. This was true for the transfer of at least 90% of the free cholesterol from both lipoproteins. These studies indicate that, even though there are marked differences in the cholesterol composition of normal and hypercholesterolemic low density lipoproteins, this does not result in a greater chemical potential for surface transfer of free cholesterol. Consequently, if a difference in the surface transfer of free cholesterol is responsible for the enhanced ability of hypercholesterolemic low density lipoprotein to promote cellular cholesterol accumulation and, perhaps, also atherosclerosis, it must be the result of differences in the interaction to the hypercholesterolemic low density lipoprotein with the more complicated mammalian cell membranes, rather than differences in the chemical potential for cholesterol transfer. PMID- 7295189 TI - Dietary ethanol-induced modifications in hyperlipoproteinemia and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina). AB - Male Macaca nemestrina were studied in an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial design. Diets contained low vs high cholesterol levels (0.3 vs 1.0 mg/Kcal) and no ethanol or ethanol, as 36% of the calories substituted isocalorically for carbohydrate. After receiving their diets for 18 months, the monkeys had blood samples drawn for lipoprotein analyses, and then were killed for evaluation of the extent of atherosclerosis. Ethanol-fed groups had significantly increased concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein. The molecular weight of the low density lipoprotein particles was lower in ethanol-fed animals and the cholesterol esters of low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein contained relatively more cholesteryl linoleate and less cholesteryl oleate. Dietary cholesterol had the effect of increasing the concentration of low density lipoprotein (primarily via increasing the low density lipoprotein molecular weight) and decreasing the concentration of high density lipoprotein. Significant interactions were found between the effects of ethanol and cholesterol on high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Ethanol significantly decreased the cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis found in the aorta and coronary arteries. Highly significant correlations between coronary artery atherosclerosis and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ester pattern were found. In contrast, low density lipoprotein molar concentration (number of low density lipoprotein particles per liter of plasma) was not significantly correlated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. Different relationships with aortic atherosclerosis were found; low density lipoprotein molecular weight and cholesterol ester pattern were highly correlated, while high density lipoprotein concentration was not. The high correlations found between lipoprotein characteristics and atherosclerosis severity have been mediated through its effects on the plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 7295190 TI - Lipoproteins in familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia. AB - Familial hyperalphalipoproteinemia is determined by a major gene and is characterized by high levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and longevity. To describe the plasma lipoproteins in this condition more completely, a kindred consisting of the proband, her affected father, add her two affected brothers was studied. Fasting plasmas were analyzed for lipoprotein lipids by combined preparative ultracentrifugal and precipitation methods. Levels of apolipoprotein A-1 and apolipoprotein A-11, the major apoproteins of high density lipoproteins, were assayed by radioimmunoassay. The flotation properties of very low density, low density and high density lipoprotein were determined by zonal ultracentrifugation, and the isolated high density lipoprotein subfractions were characterized according to their lipid and apoprotein compositions. Total cholesterol of all subjects was normal, but triglycerides were elevated (above the 90th percentile) in the two brothers. High density lipoprotein cholesterol ranged from 150 to 165 mg/dl in the proband and from 72 to 89 mg/dl in her relatives. Apolipoprotein A-1 was 318 mg/dl in the proband and 156 to 169 mg/dl in the siblings; respective apolipoprotein A-11 values were 67 and 82 to 83 mg/dl. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 and A-11 values for the relatives are above the 95th percentile for sex and age, while the levels of the proband are the highest recorded in our laboratories. On zonal ultracentrifugation, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein had normal flotation properties. High density lipoprotein was divisible into three populations, HDL2, HDL3L, and HDL3D (Sf(1,21,26 degrees C), 59, 2.9, and 1.7 respectively), each of which floated in its usual position. But HDL2 was grossly elevated, accounting for most of the rise in the high density lipoprotein fraction. The compositions of the high density lipoprotein fractions with respect to the major lipid and apoprotein classes did not differ from normal. Thus, in this kindred, high density lipoprotein was quantitatively rather than qualitatively unusual. It is of interest that hypertriglyceridemia and hyperalphalipoproteinemia coexisted in the siblings. These concurrent elevations differ from the expected reciprocal relationship between high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein levels in plasma, and suggests that in some subject the two abnormalities may be independently transmitted. PMID- 7295191 TI - Unresolved problems in the diet-heart issue. PMID- 7295192 TI - Aortic glycosaminoglycans in genetically selected WC-2 pigeons with increased atherosclerosis susceptibility. AB - A genetically selected line of White Carneau pigeons (WC-2) was studied in an attempt to relate changes in composition and content of aortic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) to increased atherosclerosis susceptibility. The WC-2 pigeons were fed an atherogenic diet for 3 months and, when compared to randomly bred White Carneau (RBWC) controls, they showed similar plasma cholesterol concentrations but significantly greater aortic atherosclerosis. In the WC-2 pigeons, 35% of the aortic surface was covered with plaque compared with only 12% in RBWC pigeons; WC 2 birds showed cholesterol contents of 3.3 mg/aorta/500 g body weight, while the RBWC birds had only 0.9 mg/aorta/500 g body weight. After papain treatment of delipidated dried artery, the aortic GAG were isolated, purified using cetylpyridinium chloride, and identified and quantitated by a combination of procedure including selective enzymatic digestion and electrophoresis. In both pigeon groups, aortic GAG included 8% hyaluronic acid, 11% dermatan sulfate, 15% heparan sulfate, and 66% chondroitin sulfate. For the entire group, total aortic GAG content was 35% greater in WC-2 pigeons. Since we did not know if this increase in GAG was simply due to increased atherosclerosis in the WC-2 birds, we sorted the pigeons into matched groups representing minimal, moderate, and severe atherosclerosis on the basis of aortic cholesterol content. At all levels of cholesterol, all GAG contents were greater in the aortas of WC-2 pigeons. The accumulation of dermatan sulfate was 30% higher than in RBWC birds in the minimal arteriosclerosis group, 101% higher in the moderate group, and 53% higher in the severe group. Hyaluronic acid tended to decrease as aortic cholesterol contents increased in WC-2 pigeons. Reduced hyaluronic acid and increase dermatan sulfate may suggest the presence of an altered hyaluronic acid-dermatan sulfate containing proteoglycan aggregate in the intercellular matrix of the WC-2 pigeon aorta. Possible consequences include increased artery permeability and a binding and retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall. These factors may explain why atherosclerosis develops at an increased rate in the WC-2 pigeon. PMID- 7295193 TI - Fibrinogen catabolism in patients with type II and type IV hyperlipidemia. Effect of dietary and clofibrate treatment on laboratory findings. AB - Fibrinogen catabolism was studied by plasma fibrinogen chromatography and other methods in 99 subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia Types IIa, IIb, and IV, and in 24 control subjects with normal blood lipid values. Subjects with either a history of thromboembolic vascular disease or clinical evidence of atherosclerosis were excluded. Type II subjects (i.e., the combined group of Type IIa and IIb subjects) showed an elevation of plasma high molecular weight fibrinogen complexes, which is indicative of enhanced fibrin formation. They also showed an elevation of fibrinogen-first-derivative, which is indicative of fibrinogenolysis and increased plasma euglobulin activity. Subjects with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia showed similar findings to those of Type II except that high molecular weight fibrinogen complex concentration was normal. Subsequently, 36 patients received a fat-controlled, low cholesterol diet and were studied in a blind, random, crossover study of dietary vs clofibrate treatment. Although total cholesterol and triglyceride levels fell significantly during the treatment periods, chromatographic findings of abnormal plasma fibrinogen remained unchanged. PMID- 7295194 TI - Stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages by extracts of atherosclerotic human aortas and complexes of albumin/cholesteryl esters. AB - Cholesteryl ester-rich particles extracted from human atherosclerotic plaques were shown to increase the rate of incorporation of [14C]oleate into cholesteryl [14C]oleate and to cause massive accumulation of cholesteryl esters in monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages. This stimulation showed saturation kinetics and susceptibility to competition by polyanions (polyinosinic acid, fucoidin, dextran sulfate), suggesting that cell surface binding was required. Cellular uptake and lysosomal hydrolysis of the cholesteryl esters were also required, as indicated by the finding that stimulation of cholesteryl ester formation was prevented by the lysosomal inhibitor, chloroquine. The cholesterol esterification-stimulating activity of the aortic extracts was excluded on a 2% agarose column and floated in the density range of 1.006 to 1.063 g/ml. Cholesterol-rich extracts from human adrenal glands and liver did not stimulate cholesteryl ester formation in macrophages. The aortic extracts did not stimulate cholesteryl ester synthesis in human fibroblasts. Complexes of 125I-labeled albumin and cholesteryl linoleate formed in vitro were taken up and degraded in macrophages, but not in fibroblasts, by a process resembling the uptake of the aortic extracts. The current data suggest that macrophages express mechanisms for internalizing certain types of cholesteryl ester-rich lipid/protein complexes, including those present in atherosclerotic plaques. PMID- 7295195 TI - Flow studies in a model carotid bifurcation. AB - Boundary layer separation in a plexiglass model carotid bifurcation was investigated in relation to the origin of atherosclerotic plaque clinically found in this region. Our model was comparable to a human carotid in both dimensions and geometry. Water flowed through the model at Reynolds numbers from 200 to 1200 under steady and pulsatile flow conditions, with outflow through the external and internal branches varied. The near-wall flow was visualized by slow injection of dye through ports machined in the model. Under steady flow at a physiological Reynolds number of 500 and a flow split at the bifurcation similar to that of a human carotid at rest, boundary layer separation was found to occur in a carotid sinus across from the external carotid origin, forming a shell of slowly moving fluid around the bifurcation. The rapidly moving mainstream impinged directly on the flow divider. The location of atherosclerotic plaque correlates best with the low shear region of separation and not with the region of high shear at the flow divider. Preliminary studies with pulsatile flow demonstrated little change from the steady flow results. PMID- 7295196 TI - Risk factors and raised atherosclerotic lesions in coronary and cerebral arteries. Statistical analysis from the Oslo study. AB - In 1972-1973, about 16,200 men living in Oslo, aged 40 to 49 years, were examined for cardiovascular disease, and had a number of coronary risk factors measured. This report gives the results of 129 autopsied cases with regard to the association between raised atherosclerotic lesions in coronary and cerebral arteries and various coronary risk factors. For coronary raised lesions, the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio was the most significant risk factor. Systolic blood pressure and total serum cholesterol were also significantly associated. Physical activity at work and at leisure, nonfasting triglycerides, and cigarette smoking did not show a significant association with coronary artery raised lesions. The association between total serum cholesterol and systolic blood indicates that total serum cholesterol may be more important than systolic pressure in the synergism affecting the development of coronary atherosclerosis. For cerebral artery raised lesions, blood pressure was the most important risk factor, even though serum cholesterol was highly associated with the lesions. The interaction analysis also suggested that blood pressure was more important than serum cholesterol in the synergism. PMID- 7295197 TI - Hormone receptors of the baboon cardiovascular system. Biochemical characterization of aortic cytoplasmic androgen receptors. AB - Cytoplasmic androgen receptors were identified in the aorta of the baboon (Papio sp.). Using the synthetic androgen R1881 (17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra 4,9,11-trien-3-one) as probe, androgen receptors were demonstrated only when the incubation mixtures contained 1.0 microM triamcinolone acetonide (TA). The relative binding affinity of selected steroids for the aortic androgen receptor was R1881, 100%; 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 46.1%; testosterone, 60.7% progesterone, 9.1%; R5020, 3.1%; and estradiol-17 beta, 7.5%. THe androgen receptor migrated on low-ionic-strength linear sucrose density gradients as a macromolecule with a sedimentation coefficient of 8.0S. Saturation analysis performed at 2 degrees C (available sites) showed that the androgen receptor content a baboon aortic cytoplasmic extracts was 12.9 +/- 2.4 fmoles/mg protein and that the dissociation constant for R1881 was 1.47 +/- 0.07 nM. The observation that TA was required in the cytoplasmic extracts in order to identify androgen receptors indicates the presence of progesterone receptor-like binding components. These aortic cytoplasmic androgen receptors are indicated to be physiologically functional by previous autoradiographic studies that showed localization of radioisotope in the nuclei of aortic smooth muscle cells following injection of baboons with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. PMID- 7295198 TI - Local aortic histamine metabolism and albumin accumulation. Differences between blue and white areas. AB - Relationships between histamine metabolism, histamine content, and albumin accumulation were examined in Evans blue dye stained areas (blue) and unstained (white) areas of normal canine aortas. Results indicated that, while no differences existed in histamine methyltransferase-mediated catabolism, both histidine decarboxylase-mediated histamine synthesis and the histamine content of blue regions were significantly greater (p less than 0.005) than in contiguous white areas. Blue areas also showed significantly higher fluorescein-labeled albumin accumulation than white areas. By multiple regression analysis, a significant relationship (r = 0.81) was obtained between local aortic albumin accumulation and combined influences of local histidine decarboxylase activity and histamine content. The best predictor in this case was the local histidine decarboxylase activity. These data indicate that blue areas, believed to represent areas of spontaneous hemodynamic-induced vascular injury, have a larger nascent histamine pool than do contiguous white areas and that the distribution of histamine and histamine synthesis in the aorta is highly variable depending on the region examined. The data also suggest that local aortic histamine synthesis in blue areas may play a significantly role in mediation of the increased albumin accumulation observed in these regions. PMID- 7295199 TI - Multivariate analyses of serum apolipoproteins and risk factors in relation to acute myocardial infarction. AB - In 25 middle-aged infarction survivors and 76 corresponding controls, representative for a well-defined community, multivariate analysis was used to evaluate whether serum apolipoproteins were better discriminators of infarction survivors than serum lipids and other risk factors. Levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides, alphalipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, and D, as well as tobacco smoking and other risk factors, were included. In descending order, serum apo A-II levels (t(b) = -3.12, p = 0.002), tobacco consumption (t(b) = 2.64, p = 0.010), and serum triglycerides (t(b) = 2.06, p = 0.042) contributed significantly to the multiple regression on myocardial infarction (R = 0.53, p = 0.00001). When entered into ka discriminant function, these three variables gave a good separation between survivors and controls. Of the survivors, 50% were above the 90th percentile inthe control group. The relative prevalence of infarction increased continuously with increasing values of the function from zero to more than 6 times the average. Serum apo A-II levels alone were almost as good in separating cases and controls. From this study, we concluded that, among apolipoproteins, apo A-II seems to be a more sensitive discriminator of infarction survivors than other risk factors. PMID- 7295201 TI - How I manage dysmenorrhoea. PMID- 7295200 TI - Studies of blood pressure in hyperlipidemic school children. AB - To assess determinants of blood pressure and racial differences in blood pressure in hyperlipidemic children, and to compare blood pressure in hyperlipidemic and random recall groups of children, studies were carried out on 513 school children (ages 6 through 19 years), and 309 adults (ages 20 through 64), recalled by virtue of elevated cholesterol or triglyceride levels in the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School prevalence study. For systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children, there were positive simple correlations with plasma triglyceride and inverse correlations with plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Race did not enter the multiple regression equations as a significant explanatory variable for children's systolic or diastolic blood pressures, but was a significant variable for adults' blood pressures; blacks had higher pressures. Major explanatory variables for systolic blood pressure in children included weight, pulse, and age; 46% of the variance was explained. Major variables for diastolic blood pressure in children included age, pulse, and Quetelet index; 25% of the variance was explained. After covariance adjusting for Quetelet index, blood pressures within race did not differ between the hyperlipidemic and the random recall groups. Quetelet index was the covariable that related positively to blood pressure and plasma triglycerides, and negatively to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although relative ponderosity does not appear to be an independent coronary heart disease risk factor variable, its inverse relationship to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and positive association with triglyceride and blood pressure in school children should provide a basis for prudent, early, therapeutic approaches to overweight children and those with persistently elevated blood pressure. (Arteriosclerosis 1981; 1:280-286). PMID- 7295202 TI - How I manage depression. PMID- 7295203 TI - How I manage hypertension. PMID- 7295204 TI - Measurement of temperature. PMID- 7295205 TI - Rubella vaccination of adult women: important new Victorian Health Commission policy. PMID- 7295206 TI - The 'Manual for General Practice' and the patient's involvement. PMID- 7295208 TI - Another look at the menopause. PMID- 7295207 TI - Another look at the management of epilepsy. PMID- 7295209 TI - Eastern grey kangaroo muscle creatine kinase. AB - Creatine kinase has been purified to homogeneity from skeletal muscle of the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus. The procedure included ethanol fractionation followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 86 000 with two subunits of 43 500. Two sulfhydryl groups were determined for the intact molecule and a further four on unfolding. Under standardized conditions, the metal ion specificity was determined as MgADP- greater than MnADP- greater than CoADP-, CaADP-; and the substrate specificity as MgADP- greater than MgdADP- greater than MgGDP- greater than MgXDP. Initial velocity and product-inhibition studies of the reverse reaction were consistent with a rapid random equilibrium reaction as observed for the rabbit muscle enzyme. However, initial-velocity studies in the forward reaction were consistent with a rapid equilibrium-ordered mechanism with MgATP2- binding before creatine. Preliminary studies on the binding of manganese nucleotides to the enzyme have been carried out using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance to measure relaxation times of water protons. PMID- 7295210 TI - In vitro noradrenaline accumulation by sheep skin: partial characterization and localization. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have implicated the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) in regulation of wool growth. The current study was undertaken to investigate [3H]NA accumulation and its localization by Merino skin, and to determine the effects of gonadal and glucocorticoid steroids on such uptake. The presence of an active uptake system was demonstrated and the process was partially characterized in terms of its magnitude, time course, concentration dependence and requirement for various nutrient and ionic factors. The uptake was seen to occur predominantly into cocaine- and 6-hydroxydopamine sensitive sites in skin from various body regions of Merino sheep. None of three steroids tested in vivo or in vitro was seen to influence the uptake process. These results do not enable us to correlate the observed [3H]NA uptake process with the previously reported effects of NA on wool growth. PMID- 7295211 TI - Dexamethasone concentrations in plasma and milk of cows following the injection of long- and short-acting dexamethasone esters. AB - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of dexamethasone in plasma and milk of cows injected with long- and short-acting dexamethasone esters. Dexamethasone antiserum was produced by injecting cows with a dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate-human serum albumin complex. The antisera was highly specific for dexamethasone, cross-reacting less than 0.7% for all endogenous steroids tested. Plasma concentrations of dexamethasone in cows injected intramuscularly with either 20 mg dexamethasone-21 trimethyl acetate (n = 2) or the tributyl derivative (n = 2) reached a peak level of 0.6-1.1 ng/ml in 2-6 days then declined to undetectable levels (less than 0.15 ng/ml) and 14 days after injection. In general, dexamethasone concentrations in milk were 0.3-0.5 times the plasma concentrations but showed the same pattern of values. Plasma dexamethasone concentrations were also determined in three lactating dairy cows injected intramuscularly with tritiated dexamethasone-21 trimethyl acetate. In these cows plasma dexamethasone concentrations, as determined by isotopic dilution, reached maximal levels of 1.1-1.6 ng/ml in 1-3 days then declined to levels of around 0.05 ng/ml within 30 days. The concentrations of dexamethasone in milk of two of these cows were, in general, similar to those found in plasma. In three cows injected intramuscularly with 20 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate the concentrations of dexamethasone in plasma rose sharply to maximum levels of 24-70 ng/ml within 2-20 min after injection and fell to undetectable levels (less than 0.15 ng/ml) after 72 hr. PMID- 7295212 TI - Repeated DNA sequences and kangaroo phylogeny. AB - Three highly repeated DNA sequences have been used to determine relationships of species within the Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies). Two highly repeated DNA sequences were isolated as buoyant density satellites in the red-necked wallaby and in the wallaroo-euro group. The third probe was a cloned representative of one class of highly repeated species from the red kangaroo. Radioactively labelled probes of these three repeated sequences were used to determine the incidence and distribution of each in number of macropodid species. The results were consistent with a monophyletic origin of the macropodid species and showed in particular, that the red-necked wallaby is closely related to the red kangaroo and to the euro-wallaroo group. In addition, the data indicated that the tammar and the agile wallaby were closely related. The results also favour the current taxonomic status of the eastern and western grey kangaroos as closely related but separate species. PMID- 7295213 TI - Characterization of the (rnunz) nude rat. Morphological characteristics of the lymphoid system. AB - A nude mutant (rnunz) arose spontaneously in a colony of Wistar albino rats (the wild-type strain) in Wellington, New Zealand. On gross examination no thymus could be found in the mediastina of young animals, whereas in older mutants lobules of fatty tissue mimicked the appearance of the thymus of the wild-type strain. Lymph nodes from the rnunz strain showed a marked lymphocyte depletion in the thymus-dependent para-cortical region of the node. Peyer's patches from the nude animals also showed a reduced density of small lymphocytes in the interfollicular zones. In the spleen, tissue from the reticular framework surrounding individual arterioles was sometimes completely empty of lymphocytes but the degree of depletion varied. Total leucocyte numbers in the rnunz strain were 28% lower than the wild-type strain. In 10 out of 13 animals T cells were less than 3% of the lymphocytes present (wild-type 35% T cells). The findings are in agreement with studies of the Rowett nude rat (rnu) and the nude mouse. PMID- 7295214 TI - Characterization of the nude rat (rnunz). Functional characteristics. AB - Gross histopathological and morphological observations in an accompanying paper confirmed the absence of a thymus and thymus-derived lymphocytes in the New Zealand athymic nude mutant (rnunz). In the present studies an analysis of the cell-mediated immune status of the rnunz rat is reported. Lymphocyte transformation studies showed that lymphocytes from the rnunz strain did not respond to mitogenic stimulation with the T lymphocyte specific mitogen Concanavalin A. This confirmed the absence of potentially functional T lymphocytes suggested by the morphological analysis. Lymphocytes from the rnunz strain also failed to initiate a graft versus host response, and the absence of host versus graft response established the immune deficit in cell-mediated immunity in the intact animals. Additionally, the rnunz strain has been used as a reference point to determine the effectiveness of neonatal thymectomy and adult thymectomy with irradiation as a means of depleting the host of T cells. PMID- 7295216 TI - The carotid sinus-blood pressure reflex in conscious rabbits: the relative importance of changes in cardiac output and peripheral resistance. AB - This paper reports experiments to determine the relative roles of changes in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance in determining the blood pressure response to intermittent step-changes and continuous sinusoidal changes in carotid sinus transmural pressure. Conscious rabbits with a variable-pressure capsule implanted around an innervated carotid sinus were used. After step-change in capsule pressure the approximate proportions of the changes in blood pressure attributable to changes in cardiac output were, during the pressor response, 7% after 2.5 s, 22% after 10 s and 27% at plateau, and during the depressor response 100%, 8% and 17%, respectively. During sinusoidal change in capsule pressure a mean 7% of the change in blood pressure over the full cycle was attributable to change in cardiac output. PMID- 7295215 TI - Naturally occurring inhibitors of the venom of funnel web spiders (Atrax species). AB - It has been shown that the blood plasma of rats and many other vertebrate species, but not man, contains a factor that inhibits the toxic actions of the venom of funnel web spiders (Atrax) on isolated toad voluntary muscle and rat lung preparations and also on anaesthetized whole rats. This factor was found to be effective against all obvious symptoms produced by the venom of both sexes of A. infensus and of the females of the other three common species of Atrax, particularly when administration of the factor to the test preparation preceded that of the venom. PMID- 7295217 TI - Sex difference in human erythrocyte potassium levels. PMID- 7295218 TI - Contractile properties and ultrastructure of extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in spinal cord transected rats. AB - The spinal cord of rats 25 days of age was transected at the thoracic level, and the contractile properties as well as the ultrastructure of their extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles was examined. In the normally slow twitch soleus muscle, the operation produces a marked reduction of contraction time as well as the appearance of other contractile characteristics of a fast twitch muscle, namely, post-tetanic potentiation and cooling potentiation of the isometric twitch. This operation has little effect on the fast-twitch EDL. The ultrastructure of the EDL is similarly unaffected by the motor paralysis introduced by transection, but little change to the soleus structure was found, except for an increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum surface to fibre volume ratio. These results provide little evidence that muscle structure, especially the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum, plays a major role in the determination of contractile speed, and confirms that structure may be regulated independently by the nerve. PMID- 7295219 TI - Normal and caesarian section delivery and the initiation of lactation in women. PMID- 7295220 TI - Isolation of a group of glycolipid toxins from seedheads of annual ryegrass Lolium rigidum Gaud.) infected by Corynebacterium rathayi. AB - A group of highly toxic compounds was isolated from galled seedheads of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) containing Corynebacterium rathayi. Purified extracts were resolved by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography into eight main fractions which have been partially characterised and shown to be toxic to nursling rats. A mixture of the toxins also produced clinical signs and brain lesions in lambs consistent with annual ryegrass toxicity. The name 'corynetoxin' is tentatively proposed for the series, individual members being designated according to their order of elution from the high performance liquid chromatography column as corynetoxins 1 to 8. The two main fractions are corynetoxins 3 and 4 of which the former has been crystallised. They appear to be of glycolipid character, 3-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid and a C6 amino sugar being identified among the hydrolysis products of corynetoxin 3, and heptadec-2-enoic acid and a C6 amino sugar from corynetoxin 4. PMID- 7295221 TI - A comparison of the physicochemical properties of carcinoembryonic antigen in extracts of tumour tissue, ascitic and cyst fluid from ovarian cancer. AB - In view of the reported disagreement in the physicochemical properties of ovarian carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), this study was undertaken to compare the properties of CEA obtained from extracts of ovarian tumour tissue, ascitic fluid and cyst fluid. On the basis of molecular weight estimation and binding properties with Concanavalin A and wheat germ lectin, ovarian CEA from these three sources appeared similar, and also possessed similar properties to those of colonic CEA. On isoelectric focusing, however, it was found that the isoelectric point of CEA from tumour tissue and cyst fluid differed from that from ascitic fluid. It is most likely that this is due to a loss of sialic acid from the CEA released into ascitic fluid. PMID- 7295222 TI - Age-dependent modulation of serum IgE and mast cell sensitization by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infestation in rats. AB - The capacity of N. brasiliensis (Nb) infestation to modify synthesis of ovalbumin (OV) specific IgE antibody was monitored in weanling, juvenile and adult female WAG rats by both passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) activity and by a rat radio allergosorbent test (RAST). Infestation with Nb larvae 10 days after immunization with OV produced marginal potentiation of anti-OV Ig antibody production by both RAST and PCA in weanlings, marginal suppression by both parameters in juveniles and was without effect in adults. However, immunization with OV after infestation with Nb partially suppressed anti-OV IgE antibody production in weanlings (RAST) and totally abolished the PCA activity. Although this regime did not impair anti OV IgE antibody synthesis (RAST) in juveniles, the sera were PCA-negative. In contrast, normal responses were found in adult rats. Negative PCA titres in sera containing high levels of specific antibody occurred when serum total IgE levels were elevated, and are explained on the basis of competition for binding sites on mast cells. The ratio of OV-specific IgE to 'total' IgE is a critical factor in detecting PCA activity. PMID- 7295223 TI - Sensitivity and resistance of human melanoma cells to ultraviolet radiation. AB - A human melanoma cell line (MM253) was found to be sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, having a Do of 1.0 J/M2 when cloned on plastic culture dishes and a Do of 2.3 J/m2 when cloned in agar. These figures are much lower than those obtained for all other human melanoma cell lines studied in this laboratory (Do of 32-40 J/m2) and demonstrate that MM253 is unusually UV sensitive. The increased level of UV sensitivity in MM253 is not due to a reduced capacity for excision of pyrimidine dimers, repair of DNA single-strand breaks or elongation of newly synthesized DNA strands when comparison is made with a UV-resistant melanoma cell line. PMID- 7295224 TI - Corneal epithelial adhesion studies. PMID- 7295225 TI - Painful third nerve palsy: how not to miss an intra-cranial aneurysm. PMID- 7295226 TI - Motor vehicle accident eye injuries in children. PMID- 7295227 TI - Cambridge stimulator treatment for amblyopia. An evaluation of 80 consecutive cases treated by this method. AB - Eighty consecutive patients with amblyopia ex anopsia were treated with the Cambridge Stimulator (Cam). Each patient received an average of six, 15 minute treatment sessions at a frequency of 1-2 per week. Treatment was terminated after two consecutive treatments indicated no change in visual acuity. Sixty-nine patients were given minimal occlusion simultaneously with Cam. treatment. Eleven patients were given full-time conventional occlusion simultaneously with Cam. treatment. Of the first group, 47% achieved 6/12 or better visual acuity, although if the 14 eccentric fixators were excluded, 60% achieved 6/12 or better visual acuity. Of the second group, 91% improved to 6/12 or better vision. This means the patients treated with full-time occlusion and Cam. showed an improvement of visual acuity of nearly twice the extent of those patients with minimal occlusion and Cam. over the same period of time. PMID- 7295228 TI - The development of a micro-computer system for electrophysiological assessment. PMID- 7295229 TI - Electrophysiological assessment of compressive lesions of anterior visual pathways. AB - The findings in the pattern reversal V.E.C.P.'s have been examined in thirteen (13) patients, with proven or suspected pituitary tumours. Three (3) of these cases have been examined in detail, to highlight the unique capabilities of the pattern reversal V.E.C.P. in the assessment of conduction abnormalities of optic nerve and chiasma, due to compression by pituitary tumours. The V.E.C.P. is shown to be a uniquely sensitive procedure, which yields objective and quantitative data about the functional status of the anterior visual pathways, in cases of suspected compression by pituitary tumours. It is suggested that subclinical optic nerve compression is best detected by serially monitoring optic nerve conduction with the pattern reversal V.E.C.P. PMID- 7295230 TI - Anatomical recovery following retinal detachment: clinicopathological correlations. AB - The histological findings in experimental retinal detachment and reattachment of the cat retina are described. Loss of photoreceptor outer segments, mounding of the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium, and loss of the apical villi of the retinal pigment epithelium are prominent features of the detached cat retina. Reattachment within the first week of retinal detachment is followed by good photoreceptor regeneration and orientation. Longer term detachment of 2 to 6 weeks results in poorer photoreceptor outer segment regeneration and orientation 4 weeks following reattachment surgery. These experimental results are consistent with clinical data concerning visual recovery following retinal reattachment surgery. PMID- 7295231 TI - Ocular electrophysiology: principles and clinical applications. PMID- 7295232 TI - Address by the President of the Royal Australian College of Ophthalmologist. PMID- 7295234 TI - Radiation damage after pterygium treatment. PMID- 7295233 TI - An ophthalmic review of cerebral palsy in Queensland 1980. PMID- 7295235 TI - Fixation of metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in greyhounds. AB - Over a 6-year period a total of 23 greyhounds and 10 dogs of other breeds were presented with metacarpal and metatarsal fractures. While in other breeds trauma was the usual cause, in greyhounds the injuries were stress or fatigue fractures. In the greyhounds the fractures occurred mainly in young dogs and were often comminuted. Fifteen cases involved the fifth metacarpal bone of the left foreleg. The fractures were managed by either external immobilisation (8 cases) or internal fixation, mainly with lag screws (14 cases). Of 16 dogs which recovered sufficiently to be trialled, 6 were retired due to poor performance, 2 suffered further fractures and 4 raced in less than 10 races each. Four dogs entered in more than 10 races each won 23 of a total of 109 starts. PMID- 7295236 TI - An evaluation of lupinosis in cattle in Western Australia. AB - A retrospective study of cases of bovine lupinosis submitted to this laboratory, and a trial in which 3 cows, 3 steers and 3 heifers were grazed together on toxic lupin stubbles, were carried out to determine further knowledge of this disease. It was found that what is presently recognised as bovine lupinosis can be divided into 2 distinct entities on the basis of liver pathology. Firstly, a fatty liver syndrome, which accounted for most outbreaks of the disease and most deaths, affected late-pregnant or recently calved cows, and is suggested to be a nutritional ketosis secondary to mild inappotence caused by lupinosis toxin. Secondly, a cirrhotic liver syndrome, which affected all classes of cattle, usually become apparent in winter and is considered to be the principal result of the direct action of lupinosis toxin. Cattle were less susceptible to lupinosis than sheep. Recommendations are made on grazing lupins by cattle. PMID- 7295237 TI - The duration of the response of cattle to inoculation with atypical mycobacteria. AB - Each of 4 strains of atypical mycobacteria was inoculated into 2 cattle and the responses of the cattle were studied over the following 52 weeks. Each strain was injected subcutaneously into one animal and into a mesenteric lymph node of another. Within 7 days palpable lesions were produced at the sites of subcutaneous inoculation in response to all the strains. After intervals varying from 3 to 26 weeks, lesions due to 3 of the strains were no longer palpable. The lesion produced in response to the fourth strain, a non-agglutinable serotype of Mycobacterium intracellulare, was still palpable at necropsy, 52 weeks post inoculation (PI). Of the 8 cattle inoculated with mycobacteria, the latter was the only animal that had a lesion with features consistent with a mycobacterial infection and from which mycobacteria were isolated. The inoculated cattle and 4 uninoculated control cattle were tuberculin tested on 8 occasions during the post inoculation period. Bovine purified protein derivative (PPD), avian PPD and PPD tuberculins prepared from each of the atypical mycobacteria were used. In inoculated cattle, sensitivity to both avian and bovine PPD was short lived, significant levels not persisting in any animal beyond 16 weeks PI. From the results of intradermal tests on the control cattle, a 95% confidence interval for their response to any of the 6 tuberculins used, was found to be +/- 1.36mm. On this basis all inoculated cattle developed sensitivity to the homologous tuberculin. The animal with mycobacterial granuloma at the subcutaneous inoculation site at necropsy had never developed significant levels of sensitivity to bovine PPD, had not shown significant levels of avian sensitivity after week 16 PI nor had it shown homologous sensitivity after 22 PI. In all animals the level of sensitivity to bovine PPD decreased between successive tests. This fact could be used to clarify the status of a reactor if non-specific bovine sensitivity was suspected. Alternatively, the comparative intradermal tuberculin test using both bovine and avian PPD may be employed. PMID- 7295238 TI - Eradication of tuberculosis from an extensively managed beef herd. AB - Eradication of tuberculosis from a herd of 5,000 head of beef cattle with a long history of infection was achieved in a 5-year period using the single caudal fold tuberculin test in conjunction with segregation of breeders of different ages and selective slaughter of problem groups. The major problem which had to be overcome to achieve eradication was the occurrence of anergic tuberculous animals. All animals in the group were slaughtered when it was apparent testing was not successful. Testing was very effective in eliminating TB from cattle under the age of two years. Incomplete musters and breakdown of segregation caused reinfection of clean groups in the early stages. PMID- 7295239 TI - The use of imidocarb diproprionate for the treatment of Theileria sergenti infections of cattle. AB - Imidocarb diproprionate (IMDP) was used therapeutically at a dose of 1.2 mg IMDP/kg of body weight against Theileria sergenti infections in Hereford heifers on the island of Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea. In the first experiment IMDP was seen to be at least as effective in reducing T. sergenti parasitaemias as primaquine phosphate (primaquine), the drug normally used on the island. In the second and third experiments IMDP was shown to reduce T. sergenti parasitaemias by about 80%. No drug is known to be completely effective against T. sergenti infections but the suggestion is made that IMDP may be used in preference to primaquine for treatment of acutely ill animals since it also has the advantage of eliminating Babesia ovata, another element of the piroplasmosis syndrome on the island. PMID- 7295242 TI - Some biochemical features of an outbreak of polioencephalomalacia in sheep. PMID- 7295241 TI - Renal leptospirosis in vaccinated pigs. PMID- 7295240 TI - Biochemistry of natural and amprolium-induced polioencephalomalacia in sheep. AB - Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) induced in sheep was compared with the disease found in naturally occurring cases. Blood biochemical indicators measured were pyruvate, lactate, glucose, erythrocyte transketolase (TK) and stimulation of TK by addition of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP effect). Faeces and rumen contents were assayed for thiaminase activity. The effect of treating affected sheep with thiamine was also noted. It was found that amprolium treatment could induce thrombocytopenia, but once the sheep became accustomed to amprolium in the diet they seemed to be resistant to this effect. In sheep receiving amprolium significant weight losses preceded the onset of clinical signs. Further weight loss continued throughout the recovery period despite removal of amprolium from the diet and treatment with thiamine. Blood glucose was variable, and was elevated only when marked clinical signs were present. Pyruvate and lactate levels showed marked variation throughout the trial. TK values were depressed and TPP effects increased well before the onset of clinical signs, although some naturally occurring cases had normal levels. Faecal thiaminase activity was negligible in all the sheep on the amprolium trial but most field cases had a high level. High faecal thiaminase was observed in about 5% of clinically normal animals from affected flocks. Depression of erythrocyte TK activity coupled with the presence of faecal thiaminase appeared to be the most reliable diagnostic biochemical parameters for PEM. Treatment of PEM affected sheep with thiamine rapidly brought the biochemical status of the animals to normal. However where advanced brain lesions were present the damage was permanent and such sheep treated with thiamine remained partially decorticate. PMID- 7295243 TI - Hazards of chemicals used in agricultural aviation: a review. AB - Chemicals at the present time are the only means of controlling pest damage to crops on economic, efficient, and compatible grounds. Timely application, particularly over large areas or inaccessible areas, requires aircraft to apply them. Aerial agriculture is an essential industry, and growing in worldwide use. It is being used more and more in areas of the world where food is in short supply, and will be used more extensively to increase food production. Problems are associated with the use of chemicals, or more particularly, their misuse. There is an almost infinite variety of potentially valuable insecticides. Whilst the number of individual agents can become quite large, it is fortunate perhaps, that only a few types of classes of chemicals possess useful pesticidal activity. The aerial applicator's toxicological problems are mainly concerned with four classes: dinitrophenols, carbamates organochlorines, and organophosphates. It is recommended that application pilots and ground crews using these classes of pesticides should have their individual cholinesterase levels established at the start of a season for project, and monitored at intervals. Recommended lowest levels in blood and plasma are tabulated. Electromyography is also introduced in establishing a non-invasive method of measuring toxicity in the pilots and ground crews. PMID- 7295244 TI - A comparison between over-the-shoulder and computer-derived measurement procedures in assessing student performance in radar air traffic control. AB - On July 18, 1980, the air traffic control Radar Training Facility (RTF) at Oklahoma City was formally dedicated. The RTF can use the computer system in making automated measures of how well a student is moving air traffic. The purpose of this study was to compare the computer-derived automated measures with over-the-shoulder evaluation methods. Subjects were 48 recent nonradar Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Academy air traffic control graduates who were employed at the National Aviation Facilities Experimental Center (NAFEC; renamed FAA Technical Center) in Atlantic City, NJ, on the Dynamic Simulation Facility. Two sets of measures were taken: 20 computer-derived measures and an over-the shoulder evaluation of student performance by experts in air traffic control. The results of the study show that the automated measures predict a success criterion at least as well as an over-the-shoulder evaluation and that the automated measures are far more reliable. The study further demonstrated that the factor structures of the two sets of measures were very similar except in two areas where direct observation was necessary for evaluation. PMID- 7295245 TI - Instructor pilot teaching behavior and student pilot stress in flight training. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between instructor pilot behavior and student pilot stress. Six instructor pilots and 12 undergraduate pilot training students served as subjects. Two students were assigned to each instructor. Ten categories of instructor pilot behavior were coded from audio cassette tapes made during four sorties from the initial instrument phase of undergraduate pilot training in the T-50 Instrument Flight Simulator. Behaviors were tallied and converted to a rate per minute; inter recorder agreement was 87%. Instructors who relied heavily on acceptance and praise behaviors were placed in a positive group (N = 4), while those relying on criticism and scolding were placed in a negative group (N = 2). Student stress was estimated from timed urine samples used to quantify catecholamine excretion. Results indicated that missions in the T-50 Instrument Flight Simulator produced a significant stress response in the subjects and that the stress response was greater in lessons taught by the instructor pilots in the negative group. PMID- 7295246 TI - Frequency analysis of EEG in rats during the preconvulsive period of O2 poisoning. AB - The EEG of rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) displays electrical discharges prior to the onset of generalized clinical convulsions (GCC). The characteristics of preconvulsive electrocorticogram (ECoG) in awake, unrestrained rats exposed to 3, 4, and 5 ATA O2 were determined. The ECoG was continuously monitored and analyzed by a hybrid analog-digital system until GCC developed. The time integral of rectified voltage of the individual delta (0.5-4 c/s), theta (4 8 c/s), alpha (8-13 c/s) beta 1 (13-20 c/s), and beta 2 (20-30 c/s) bands were plotted vs. time. An elevation in delta and a temporary reduction in alpha activity before the onset of the first electrical discharge (FED) was observed. There was a continuous reduction in beta 1 and beta 2 frequency bands during the entire pre-electrical discharge period. The activity of theta, and alpha frequency bands was significantly elevated only about 1 min before the onset of the FED, and of beta 1 and beta 2 during appearance of the FED. The possible relationship between the occurrence of preconvulsive EEG changes and pathological effects of hyperbaric oxygenation is discussed. PMID- 7295248 TI - Relationships between naval aviation safety and pilot flight experience. AB - Flight activity of all aviators flying naval aircraft and aircraft accident data were analyzed to determine if statistical relationships among lifetime and recent experience variables and accident liability exist. The results demonstrate that accident potential, though not statistically related to flight hours in 30-d periods, is correlated with lifetime flight experience with the higher liability associated with minimal amounts of flight hours and with transitioning into new aircraft. PMID- 7295249 TI - An experimental study on hepatic injury from belt-restraint loading. AB - The potential for nonpenetrating hepatic injury was investigated by simulated belt-restraint loading to the thoracic and abdominal areas in a supine, rigidly supported, anesthetized beagle. The impact was delivered through a belt interface oriented either transversely or diagonally over the thorax and upper abdomen. Four types of hepatic injury were identified by the following gross characteristics: linear surface laceration, subcapsular hematoma, stellate surface laceration, and hilus laceration. Pressure acting on the organ surface, bending moment acting on the lateral lobes, or shearing stress producing relative displacement between lobes were postulated as major injury-producing mehcanical factors. Approximately 350 kPa of belt pressure or 60% upper abdominal compression at 1.7 m/s was necessary to produce a hepatic surface injury, but the beagle may be predisposed to such injury compared to a human because of increased exposure of its abdomen to the belt webbing. Accordingly, this study does not assess the potential for a belt-induced liver injury to a restrained individual in a rapid-deceleration environment, nor does the study attempt to simualte the performance of any particular current or previous restraint system. PMID- 7295247 TI - Lack of effect of pulsed ultrasound on the mammalian EEG. AB - Anesthetized rhesus monkeys and rabbits were exposed to pulsed ultrasound, from a 1.8 cm diameter transducer placed against the head. Each ultrasonic exposure lasted 4 min; it consisted of a series of 1-2 mu sec pulses, with a frequency spectrum broadly centered about the transducer resonant frequency of 1.5 MHz, repeated at a rate of 950 Hz. The time averaged ultrasonics power was 12.6 mW, with an estimated peak power of ca. 15 watts. No changes were observed in the EEG or its power spectrum during or immediately after the exposure. This contrasts to a previous report of significant changes in the EEG of squirrel monkeys during comparable exposures to pulsed ultrasound. Analysis of the earlier reported results suggests that some of the "effects" were due to aliasing artifacts. PMID- 7295250 TI - A study of unusual incidents in a well-documented series of dives. AB - We have analysed 43 unusual incidents, which occurred, during 1303 well documented dives, according to the environmental factors involved. The objective was to find some indication of the causes of otherwise unexplained loss of consciousness in working divers. It was concluded that rapid compression may handicap divers if adequate time for recovery is not allowed in those adversely affected. Air diving deeper than 48 m (160 ft) appears to be unduly hazardous. A significant proportion of incidents studied may result from an interaction between the physiological effects of oxygen and carbon dioxide, especially in periods of hard work. The possibility was also raised that pressure alone might adversely lower acute oxygen toxicity thresholds. Diving with a Po2 below 1.3 bar prevents acute oxygen toxicity, while a Po2 exceeding 1.6 bar is potentially hazardous. PMID- 7295251 TI - Retro-hyperflexion luxation: mechanism of cervical spinal cord contusion injury during ejection sequence. PMID- 7295252 TI - A new approach for quality assurance. AB - The 57th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron developed a combined retrospective evaluation program to identify, evaluate, intervene, and report on deviations from aeromedical evacuation procedures which result in mission delays or less than-optimal patient care. The primary aircraft for aeromedical evacuation within the United States and nearby stations is the C-9A. The 57th AES operates about six routine missions daily, each making seven to eight enroute stops and airlifting approximately 300 patients and attendants. PMID- 7295253 TI - Self-control of smoking--I. Effects of experience with imposed, increasing, decreasing and random delays. PMID- 7295254 TI - Self-control of smoking--II. Effects of cue salience and source of delay imposition on the effectiveness of training under increasing delay. PMID- 7295255 TI - Factors in the referral of children for behavioral treatment: a comparison of mothers of clinic-referred deviant, clinic-referred non-deviant and non-clinic children. PMID- 7295256 TI - The effects of sex and fear level of subjects on the snake approach behavior of dyads. PMID- 7295257 TI - A comparison of dry-bed training and standard urine-alarm conditioning treatment of childhood bedwetting. PMID- 7295258 TI - The degree of control exerted by phobic and non-phobic verbal stimuli over the recognition behaviour of phobic and non-phobic subjects. PMID- 7295259 TI - Couples treatment of agoraphobia: changes in marital satisfaction. PMID- 7295261 TI - Treatment of urinary urgency and excessive frequency: a case study. PMID- 7295260 TI - Exposure and response prevention of morbid ruminations and compulsive avoidance. PMID- 7295262 TI - Behavioral training for myopia: long term maintenance of improved acuity. PMID- 7295263 TI - [Osteotomy with ultrasonics]. PMID- 7295264 TI - [Plastic surgery of the acetabulum by the Weickert method in the surgical reconstruction of hip dislocation]. PMID- 7295265 TI - [The embryonal and fetal hip joint- implications for hip dislocation]. PMID- 7295266 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral Achilles and quadriceps tendon rupture]. PMID- 7295267 TI - [Post-traumatic intervertebral disk calcinosis - differential diagnosis of cervical vertebrae fracture]. PMID- 7295268 TI - [Salmonella infections with manifestations in the skeletal system]. PMID- 7295269 TI - [The "hip value" for the diagnostic and prognostic determination of the dysplastic hip joint]. PMID- 7295270 TI - [Hip dislocation as a pre-arthrotic deformity]. PMID- 7295271 TI - [Benign chondrogenic bone tumors]. PMID- 7295272 TI - [Arthroscopy]. PMID- 7295274 TI - [Lumbar spino-osseovenography--importance in diagnostics]. PMID- 7295273 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma of bone]. PMID- 7295275 TI - [Experience with Dimer-X myelography]. PMID- 7295276 TI - [Complications and side-effects of contrast radiography of the spinal column used in clinical orthopedic diagnosis]. PMID- 7295277 TI - [Complications and diagnostic value of Dimer-X myelography]. PMID- 7295278 TI - [The significance of lymphography in injuries and diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7295280 TI - ["Delayed asphyxia" of calves]. PMID- 7295279 TI - [Peripheral mineral content of bone determined by photon absorption measurements performed in a population group of the Halle region]. PMID- 7295281 TI - [Development of the patellar ligament insertion in the growing dog]. PMID- 7295282 TI - [Cryopreservation of Toxoplasma gondii (endozoite) with the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide to the freezing medium]. PMID- 7295283 TI - [Combined light and electron microscopic studies of the interactions at the intracellular interface of Aegyptianella pullorum Carpano 1928 and erythrocytes]. PMID- 7295284 TI - Immunoreactivity of the two common allozymes of murine glucosephosphate isomerase. AB - There are two common electrophoretic variants (allozymes) of murine glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI). In order to develop immunocytochemical procedures that are allozyme-specific, the two variants (GPI-1A and GPI-1B) were purified from skeletal muscle of several mouse strains and used as antigens for the elicitation of antibodies. The allozymes were purified to a specific activity of 800 units/mg by substrate elution from cellulose phosphate. When the purified allozymes were presented as antigens to goats, rabbits, and mice (both syngeneically and allogeneically), the goats and rabbits produced high titers of anti-GPI antibody, but no humoral antibody was detected in the mice, as determined by radioimmunoassays. Antisera specific for the GPI-1B variant were enriched by absorbing selected sera with GPI-1A conjugated to Sepharose 4B. No antisera specific for GPI-1A were detected following the immunizations. The specificity of the anti-GPI-1B antisera provides a unique opportunity for the development of immunocytochemical procedures for studying the distribution fo this allozyme in chimeric mouse tissues. PMID- 7295285 TI - Genetic polymorphism of PIF (parotid isoelectric focusing variant) proteins with linkage to the PPP (parotid proline-rich protein) gene complex. AB - Genetic polymorphism is found among the PIF (parotid isoelectric focusing variant) salivary proteins after separation by prolonged isoelectric focusing in pH 3.5-5.2 urea polyacrylamide slab gels subsequently stained for protein. Two PIF proteins are either present (PIF+) or absent (PIF-) from all salivas. The phenotypes are determined by autosomal inheritance of two alleles, PIF+ and PIF-. Gene frequencies in randomly collected samples show marked racial differences: among 148 whites, PIF+ is 0.66 and PIF- is 0.34; among 90 blacks, PIF+ is 0.35 and PIF- is 0.65; among 78 Chinese, PIF+ is 0.56 and PIF- is 0.44. Studies in 41 families including 129 children support the interpretation of control of PIF by a single autosomal locus. In 8 PIF+ X PIF- matings, there were 8 PIF- (6.34 expected) children. In 33 PIF+ X PIF+ matings, there were 7 PIF- (6.70 expected) children. Linkage studies indicate that PIF is closely linked to the proline-rich protein (PPP) gene complex (e.g., for six families, lod score at theta = 0.00 of PIF/Gl is 3.58). In 107 randomly collected samples from whites, PIF is strongly associated with Db (chi 2(1) = 20.02; P less than 0.0001) and Gl (chi 2(1) = 12.58; P = 0.0005) but not with Pr, Ps, Pm, and Pa proteins. These data (probably reflecting genetic disequilibrium) suggest that PIF may be closer to Db and Gl than to other identified loci of the PPP gene complex. The PPP gene complex includes at least seven genes (and probably more) that produce many acidic and basic proline-rich proteins, constituting about two-thirds of parotid salivary proteins that are thought to have important functions at the tooth surfaces. PMID- 7295287 TI - Est-2 and Est-3 polymorphisms in Culex pipiens L. from Southern France in relation to organophosphate resistance. AB - Est-2 and Est-3 linkage disequilibrium was investigated in 43 natural populations. An association between Est-2(0.64) and Est-3A alleles (or its reverse, Est-3Null and alleles other than Est-2(0.64) was not observed in 19 (1.2%) of the 1599 mosquitoes analyzed, whereas it should have been found in nearly 400 (25%) individuals if the two loci were in equilibrium. This observation is discussed in relation to organophosphate resistance and genetic distance of the two genes. PMID- 7295286 TI - Alpha-thalassemia and the production of different alpha chain variants in heterozygotes. AB - The production of five alpha chain variants (Hb G-Georgia, Hb St. Luke's, Hb Lloyd, Hb Montgomery, and Hb G-Philadelphia) in heterozygotes was evaluated through hematological observations, hemoglobin quantification, and biosynthetic studies. All heterozygotes for Hb St. Luke's and Hb Lloyd and most heterozygotes with Hb G-Georgia and Hb Montgomery had normal hematology and average sigma alpha/beta values of about 1.1. They were assigned a normal genotype (alpha alpha G/alpha alpha), although the proportions of Hb St. Luke's and Hb G-Georgia were low (10 to 13%) and those of Hb Lloyd and Hb Montgomery twice as high (20%). Data from short-term incubations confirmed this genotype for some of these heterozygotes. Isolated Hb St. Luke's and Hb G-Georgia gave low alpha G/beta values (0.2 and 0.3) indicating that these Hb variants were defective at the level of Hb assembly. Isolated Hb Montgomery and Hb G-Philadelphia, however, gave higher alpha G/beta values of 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. A second type of variability existed among Hb G-Georgia (20 vs. 13%), Hb Montgomery (28 vs. 20%), and Hb G-Philadelphia (47 vs. 34%) heterozygotes, in whom the levels of Hb G differed. The occurrence of higher levels of these three alpha chain heterozygosities was associated with hematological or biosynthetic evidence of a mild or moderate alpha chain deficiency due to an alpha-thalassemia-2 heterozygosity (alpha alpha G/alpha O alpha or alpha O alpha G/alpha alpha) or a homozygosity (alpha O alpha G/alpha O alpha), respectively. PMID- 7295288 TI - Biochemical genetics of some seed proteins of Pinus radiata. AB - In a high-salt soluble fraction of the total protein from single seeds of Pinus radiata, up to 45 polypeptides were resolved on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. At least one-fifth of these polypeptides showed variation between seeds. In the 27,000- 29,000 dalton region, two polypeptides were inherited as codominant alleles at a single locus and were shown to assort independently of another seed protein locus and three allozyme loci. A survey of 120 individuals from the five known native populations of P. radiata in California detected only the 27K and 29K alleles at the locus. In all populations, the 29K allele predominated, and the two island populations were monomorphic for the 29K allele. The 27 and 29 kdalton polypeptides were shown to have very similar amino acid sequences, and the allelic difference at this locus is most probably in the gene sequence for the polypeptide. PMID- 7295290 TI - Biochemical genetics of Zea mays L. I. Isozymes and the linkage relationship between AP-1 and AP-2 loci. AB - Following starch gel electrophoresis and a modified staining method, three distinct groups of acid phosphatase isozymes (AP-1, AP-2, and AP-3) have been identified in scutellum extracts of different inbred maize lines. The AP-2 group includes three electrophoretic variants: a fast (F), an intermediate (I), and a slow (S) type. Genetic analysis showed that AP-2 variants are under the control of three codominant alleles at the AP-2 locus. A linkage test between AP-1 and AP 2 indicated that a close linkage between these two loci is ruled out. PMID- 7295289 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a polymorphic protein (Pm) in human parotid saliva. PMID- 7295291 TI - Serial electrophoretic transfers: a technique for the identification of numerous enzymes from single polyacrylamide gels. AB - We describe an electrophoretic method for the transfer of macromolecules from polyacrylamide slab gels to ion-exchange paper without loss of clarity or resolution. A series of partial transfers provides numerous copies of a single gel separation, and these copies may be assayed independently with enzyme specific stains. This method therefore combines the advantages of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for detecting enzyme variation with an efficient method for examining numerous enzymes from a single gel separation. PMID- 7295293 TI - Genetic variation for prolidase (PEP-4) in the mouse maps near the gene for glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI-1) on chromosome 7. AB - An inherited electrophoretic variant of prolidase (EC 3.4.13.9), also called peptidase 4 (PEP-4), has been discovered among inbred strains of mice. Analysis of progeny from reciprocal backcrosses established that the electrophoretic forms are expressed codominantly and that Pep-4 is located between the genes for glucosephosphate isomerase (Gpi-1) and pink-eyed dilution (p) on chromosome 7. These data define a region of conserved gene linkage between mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosome 19, as originally indicated by somatic cell hybrid studies, and imply that human prolidase (PEPD) is located in the region of human chromosome 19 pter greater than q13. PMID- 7295292 TI - Two-dimensional spectroscopy of electrophoretic gels. AB - Optical techniques are described which permit one to analyze two-dimensional electrophoretic gels in a fashion which is analogous to the one-dimensional spectroscopy of solutions. In the methods described, an electrophoretic gel is irradiated with monochromatic light and isozyme patterns are detected by the absorption of light or the fluorescent emission of light. The system described can both generate and detect monochromatic light in a range from 200 to 1100 nm. Without the use of histochemical stains, several isozymes have been visualized by purely optical means. Five methods for the visualization of lactate dehydrogenase and five methods for the demonstration of trypsin isozymes are described. In addition, general methods have been formulated for hydrolases and oxidases. Gel spectroscopy should permit the investigation of a wide range of new isozymes. PMID- 7295294 TI - Biochemical genetics of Fundulus heteroclitus (L.). III. Inheritance of isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh-A and Idh-B), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6 Pgdh-A), and serum esterase (Est-S) polymorphisms. AB - Starch gel electrophoresis has shown that natural populations of Fundulus heteroclitus have variants at four enzyme-coding loci: Idh-A, Idh-B, 6-Pgdh-A, and Est-S. Analysis of the phenotypic distribution of the F1 generation suggests that each of the variants segregates as autosomally inherited codominant alleles. Tissue specificity and intracellular localization were also determined for the IDH and 6PGDH isozymes. PMID- 7295296 TI - Ribosomal suppressors and antisuppressors in Podospora anserina: altered susceptibility to paromomycin and relationships between genetic and phenotypic suppression. AB - Informational suppressors and antisuppressors have been previously isolated in Podospora anserina, and their properties suggest that they could be ribosomal mutants involved in the control of translational fidelity. In this paper we present results concerning relationships between these mutants and paromomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to stimulate translational errors. The mutants were found to manifest an altered growth sensitivity to this drug as compared with the wild-type strain: Most of the suppressors were more sensitive and, in contrast, most of the antisuppressors were more resistant to paromomycin. Moreover, phenotypic suppression of an auxotrophic mutation by paromomycin was observed only if a suppressor and an antisuppressor had been introduced in the strain. These results suggest that ambiguity levels could be altered in the suppressor and antisuppressor strains. In addition, paromomycin was shown to abolish sporulation, which suggests relationships between mistranslation and a step of cellular differentiation. PMID- 7295295 TI - Biochemical genetics of Fundulus heteroclitus (L.). IV. Spatial variation in gene frequencies of Idh-A, Idh-B, 6-Pgdh-A, and Est-S. AB - The spatial variation in gene frequencies of four unlinked polymorphic loci was studied in the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. Three loci (Idh-A, Idh-B, and Est S) exhibit significant north-south clinal variation in allelic frequencies along the Atlantic Coast of North America, while a fourth locus (6-Pgdh-A) shows a modest clinal variation. These data, together with our previous data for Ldh-B, Mdh-A, Gpi-B, and Pgm-A, reveal a pattern of low gene diversity in the colder northern extremes of the species range and high gene diversity in warmer southern latitudes. PMID- 7295299 TI - LDH Calcutta-1: a mutation of the B subunit of human lactate dehydrogenase. AB - The electrophoretic variant of human LDH, Calcutta-1, occurs at phenotypic frequencies of 0-4% throughout India. The variant was examined by various electrophoretic techniques and by heat stability studies. The LD1 (B4) isoenzyme was purified from normal and variant bloods by affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. A minimum of five Calcutta-1 LD1 bands was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. Electrophoresis of variant LD1 in high-molar urea acrylamide denaturing gels resulted in two Calcutta-1 B subunit bands, while normal gels yielded only a single band. Homozygote Calcutta-1 LDH from red cells demonstrated a decreased heat stability, while heterozygote variant LDH showed a normal heat stability. This effect was confirmed when purified LD1's were compared. Evidence is presented suggesting a B-subunit variant showing thermolability in the homozygous form. PMID- 7295297 TI - Polymorphism of kidney pyruvate kinase in the mouse is determined by a gene, Pk 3, on chromosome 9. AB - An electrophoretically detectable variant of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) has been found in the house mouse Mus musculus. The variant was seen in all tissues examined except liver and red cells. The gene (Pk-3) determining this electrophoretic variation is inherited as an autosomal codominant located on chromosome 9. Our data confirm that the genetic determination of pyruvate kinase in liver and red cells is separate from that in other tissues. In addition, our results indicate that the muscle (M1) and kidney (M2) pyruvate kinase isozymes share at least one genetic determinant and may in fact be determined by the same structural gene. PMID- 7295300 TI - Glycosylated minor C, D, and E hemoglobins. PMID- 7295301 TI - The specific inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from pig kidney by propionyl-CoA and isovaleryl-Co-A. PMID- 7295302 TI - Propionate metabolism by cultured skin fibroblasts from normal individuals and patients with methylmalonicaciduria and propionicacidemia. PMID- 7295303 TI - Measurements of molecular weights of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from homozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia and controls. PMID- 7295298 TI - An allele (Pk-1b) from wild-caught mice that affects the activity and kinetics of erythrocyte and liver pyruvate kinase. AB - A true breeding strain was made from a wild-caught mouse with low erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.40) activity. This variation showed additive inheritance and segregated as an allele at a single locus (Pk-1b). Mice homozygous for the reduced blood pyruvate kinase activity cosegregated for reduced liver activity. In both these tissues the variant enzyme had a lowered heat stability and reduced Km values for ADP. An increased stimulation by FDP was also detected in the liver pyruvate kinase. No difference in the isoelectric point of the variant enzyme in either erythrocyte or liver was observed when compared with the enzyme from C57BL mice (Pk-1a/Pk-1a). It is concluded that Pk-1 is the structural gene for the erythrocyte and the major liver pyruvate kinase. No other tissue pyruvate kinase showed altered characteristics. PMID- 7295304 TI - Dopamine beta-Hydroxylation in diabetes ane diabetic autonomic neuropathy. PMID- 7295305 TI - Effect of pyridoxine on sodium glycolate-induced hyperoxaluria in rats. PMID- 7295306 TI - Raised serum biliverdin in hepatic necrosis. PMID- 7295308 TI - Low dose ethanol prevents propionate induced hyperammonemia. PMID- 7295307 TI - Plasma lipids in a colony of spontaneously diabetic New Zealand white rabbits. PMID- 7295309 TI - UV excimer laser chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization of amino acids at 360 MHz. PMID- 7295310 TI - Intracellular phosphate pools show compartmentalization of intracellular pH in turtle urinary bladder. PMID- 7295311 TI - Evidence for an endogenous parathyroid hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase activator. PMID- 7295312 TI - Covalent and non-covalent binding of nitrobenzene sulphonates to cell surface membranes. PMID- 7295313 TI - Binding of fibronectin to actin is inhibited by gelatin. PMID- 7295314 TI - Alterations in erythrocyte membrane fluidity by phenylhydrazine-induced peroxidation of lipids. PMID- 7295315 TI - Increased content of calmodulin in Morris hepatoma 5123 t.c. (h). PMID- 7295316 TI - Neonatal hypothyroidism - a biochemical disorder of alpha-tubulin metabolism. PMID- 7295317 TI - Growth hormone and rat liver mitochondria: effects on urea cycle enzymes. PMID- 7295318 TI - Human salivary fucosyltransferases : evidence for two distinct alpha-3-L fucosyltransferase activities one or which is associated with the Lewis blood group Le gene. PMID- 7295319 TI - The amino acid composition of Rhizobium meliloti flagellin: occurrence of a single tryptophan residue. PMID- 7295320 TI - Stereospecific activity of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and comparison of analogs in the degranulation of platelets and neutrophils. PMID- 7295321 TI - Release of arachidonate from diglyceride in human platelets requires the sequential action of a diglyceride lipase and a monoglyceride lipase. PMID- 7295322 TI - Phosphatidylethanolamine methylation in membranes from rat cerebral cortex : effect of exogenous phospholipids and S-adenosylhomocysteine. PMID- 7295323 TI - Location and motion of free cholesterol molecules in high density lipoprotein. PMID- 7295324 TI - Synergistic effect of 5-fluorouracil and N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate on cell growth and ribonucleic acid synthesis in human mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7295325 TI - Characterization of steroid hormone ester hydrolyzing enzymes in liver microsomes. PMID- 7295326 TI - Decreased viscosity of human erythrocyte suspension induced by chlorpromazine and isoxsuprine. PMID- 7295327 TI - Inhibition by cyanamide of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide oxidation to carboxyphosphamide. PMID- 7295328 TI - Phospholipid methylation and human platelet function. PMID- 7295329 TI - Pyrimidine acyclonucleosides, inhibitors of uridine phosphorylase. PMID- 7295330 TI - Increased sensitivity of the central nervous system to morphine analgesia by amitriptyline in naive and morphine-tolerant rats. PMID- 7295331 TI - Epoxide hydrolase activity in the mitochondrial and submitochondrial fractions of mouse liver. PMID- 7295332 TI - Effects of indomethacin on glycosaminoglycan metabolism in the development of experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits. PMID- 7295333 TI - Content of mercury in chromatin and level of metallothionein proteins in kidneys and liver of rats. PMID- 7295334 TI - Restored in vitro sensitivity of adriamycin- and vincristine-resistant P388 leukemia with reserpine. PMID- 7295335 TI - Chemical and biochemical characteristics of O-demethylation of chlorotrianisene in the rat. PMID- 7295336 TI - Monoamine oxidase activities of porcine vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7295337 TI - Correlation of thymidine-enhanced incorporation of ara-C in deoxyribonucleic acid with increased cell kill. PMID- 7295338 TI - Teratogenic effects of cholinergic insecticides in chick embryos--II. Effects on the NAD content of early embryos. PMID- 7295340 TI - Metabolism of 2-nitro-1-phenylpropane by rabbit liver microsomes. PMID- 7295339 TI - Changes in lipid metabolizing enzymes of hepatic subcellular fractions from rats treated with tiadenol and clofibrate. PMID- 7295341 TI - Studies on the haemolytic action of amphiphilic substances in vitro. Inhibition by O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides. PMID- 7295342 TI - Protective role of the glutathione redox cycle against adriamycin-mediated toxicity in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7295344 TI - Application of a geometric parameter defining molecular shape, for the quantitation of interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with enzyme systems. PMID- 7295345 TI - Self-catalysed, O2-independent inactivation of NADPH- or dithionite-reduced microsomal cytochrome P-450 by carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7295346 TI - Alterations of essential metal levels and induction of metallothionein by carrageenan injection. PMID- 7295343 TI - Prolonged survival after paraquat. Role of the lung antioxidant enzyme systems. PMID- 7295347 TI - A spin label study on fluidization of human red cell membrane by esters of p hydroxybenzoic acid: structure-functional aspects on membrane glucose transport. PMID- 7295350 TI - Reduced hepatic protein synthesis after long term ethanol treatment in fasted rats. Dependence on animal handling before measurement. PMID- 7295348 TI - Response of muscarinic cholinoceptors of guinea pig brain and ileum to chronic administration of carbamate or organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors. PMID- 7295349 TI - Actions of 3-deazaguanine and 3-deazaguanosine on variant lines of Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 7295351 TI - 1-Deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines, a new class of mitotic inhibitors with anticancer activity. PMID- 7295352 TI - Modulation of the acceptance of transfer ribonucleic acids for amino acids by alkylaryltriazenes and imidazoles. PMID- 7295353 TI - Effect of sangivamycin and xylosyladenine on the synthesis and methylation of polysomal ribonucleic acid in Ehrlich ascites cells in vitro. PMID- 7295354 TI - Effect of tityus toxin and sensory stimulation on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in vivo. PMID- 7295356 TI - Sulfate depletion after acetaminophen administration and replenishment by infusion of sodium sulfate or N-acetylcysteine in rats. PMID- 7295355 TI - Effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on the toxicity and metabolism of 2,4 diaminoanisole. PMID- 7295357 TI - High affinity choline uptake and acetylcholine release by guinea pig neocortex synaptosomes: inhibition by adenosine derivatives. PMID- 7295358 TI - Phosphorylation of a single mast cell protein in response to drugs that inhibit secretion. PMID- 7295359 TI - The control of glutathione and cytochrome P-450 concentrations of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7295360 TI - Effects of millimeter-wave radiation on monolayer cell cultures. I. Design and validation of a novel exposure system. PMID- 7295361 TI - Effects of millimeter-wave radiation on monolayer cell cultures. II. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - Both thermal and athermal effects of millimeter-wave radiation of BHK-21/C13 cells were sought using scanning and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with an in vitro technique that allows direct exposure of monolayer cultures to high average power densities. Culture dishes were irradiated by placing them on the open end of an E- or U-band wave guide. This technique exposes different regions of the cell monolayer lying along the longer axis of the wave guide aperture to varying power densities ranging from zero at each edge to twice the average power density at the center. Cell ultrastructure was unaffected by microwave radiation for 1 hour (41.8 or 74.0 GHz, average power densities = 320 or 450 mW/cm2, respectively) with or without cooling by rapid recirculation of the culture medium. Temperature in recirculated cultures was held at 37.2 degrees C, and that in noncooled cultures never exceeded 42 degrees C during irradiation at either power density. In contrast, cell morphology was affected by microwave exposure whenever irradiation conditions were altered so that the temperature of the monolayer reached or exceeded 44.5 degrees C. Ultrastructural alterations included breakage of cell processes, progressive detachment of cells from the substrate, increased clumping of heterochromatin in the nuclei, and the appearance of large empty vesicles in the cytoplasm. Such morphological changes resulted from either application of higher average power densities or irradiation at the power densities described above at a higher ambient temperature (greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C). PMID- 7295362 TI - Effects of millimeter-wave radiation on monolayer cell cultures. III. A search for frequency-specific athermal biological effects on protein synthesis. AB - A method recently developed in this laboratory has been used to directly expose BHK-21/C13 cells to high levels of microwave radiation without significant microwave-induced heating (less than or equal to 0.1 degrees C). Monolayer cultures were grown on microwave-transparent polystyrene coverslips, placed on the open end of a wave guide, and maintained at 37.2 degrees C during irradiation at frequencies in both the E- and U-bands (average power densities 292 and 177 mW/cm2, respectively). Effects of microwave radiation were assessed at 0.1 GHz increments in the ranges of 38-48 GHz and 65-75 GHz. Protein synthesis was measured in quadruplicate cultures that were allowed to incorporate labeled methionine during the 15-minute period of microwave irradiation. Autoradiographs of each monolayer culture were scanned along the region corresponding to the longer axis of the wave guide aperture using a microdensitometer to quantify incorporation. Since microwave power incident on the cells was previously shown to vary along this axis according to a cosine2 relationship from zero at each edge of the wave guide to twice the average power density at the center of the wave guide, this technique should reveal biological effects that might only be manifested in narrow amplitude domains or "power windows." Observations of protein synthesis in monolayer cultures irradiated at 202 closely spaced frequencies in the E- and U-bands failed to reveal changes associated with microwave exposure. Thus no evidence was obtained in support of the existence of frequency-specific athermal biological effects of microwaves. In addition, no support was found for the existence of amplitude-specific "power windows." PMID- 7295363 TI - In vitro study of microwave effects on calcium efflux in rat brain tissue. AB - In this study we investigated the prospect of microwave-induced alteration of 45Ca2+ efflux from rat neural tissue at low pulse repetition frequencies and low power densities under in vitro conditions. Rat cerebral tissue, preloaded with 45Ca2+, was exposed to pulsed-microwave radiation (1-GHz carrier frequency) according to one of several PRF-power density exposure schemes: 16 Hz at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 15 mW/cm2, or 32 Hz at 1.0 or 2.0 mW/cm2 average power density. Measurements of radioactivity in the efflux medium and in the tissue sample were used to calculate an efflux value for each sample. The results indicate that the radiation conditions used did not alter calcium efflux in rat brain tissue. PMID- 7295364 TI - Prolonged microwave irradiation of rats: effects on concurrent operant behavior. AB - Two measures of performance were used to study the effects of pulse-modulated microwave radiation (PM MWR) on schedule-controlled operant behavior of rats: 1) cued (SD), fixed-ratio (FR) bar pressing for food reinforcement; and 2) noncued (Sd) bar pressing in the absence of food reinforcement. The animals were irradiated and the behavioral data were obtained concurrently, during daily three hour sessions, five days per week for six to nine weeks. Each experiment began with a two to three-week baseline interval of sham irradiation; a two to three week interval of sham irradiation followed the irradiation phase. The irradiated animals were exposed to 1.3-Ghz PM MWR (pulse width of 1 microsecond at 600 pulses per second) at whole-body, average specific absorbed-dose rates of from 1.5-6.7 m W/g. Control and irradiated animals were tested in identical, cylindrical waveguide exposure/behavioral assemblies; different groups of irradiated and sham-irradiated animals were used for each dose rate. At 1.5 mW/g, the levels of SD operant responding by control and irradiated animals were comparable, and showed similar progressive diminutions over the course of each daily session. Sd operant responding was more variable, but again comparable, with both groups showing similar, progressive declines in rate of responding during each session. At 3.6 mW/g, no specific effects on SD operant response rates were observed. However, there was an initial and transient increase in the rate of extinction of Sd responding. At 6.7 mW/g, SD response rates were slightly reduced, whereas there was a major reduction in noncued (Sd) operant responding followed by a sharp rebound during the first post-MWR week. This marked reduction in Sd operant responding at MWR onset was in contrast to the relative stability and persistence of FR responding for food reinforcement. PMID- 7295365 TI - Effect of homogeneous magnetic fields on responses to toxic stimulation in Spirostomum ambiguum. AB - Effects of DC magnetic fields, up to 125,000 G, on the survival of the ciliated protozoan Spirostomum ambiguum exposed to the toxic substance 2,2' dipyridyldisulfide are reported. The magentic field diminishes the ability of the organism to survive the drug, and lengthens the extension phase of the contraction cycle. It is proposed that the magnetic field alters the regulation of intracellular (Ca2+) transients. PMID- 7295366 TI - Development of Xenopus laevis embryos in a static magnetic field. PMID- 7295367 TI - Dielectric properties of animal tissues in vivo at frequencies 10 MHz--1 GHz. AB - An open-ended coaxial line sensor in conjunction with an automatic network analyzer was used to measure in vivo the permittivity of several feline tissues (skeletal and smooth muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain--gray and white matter) at frequencies between 10 MHz and 1 GHz. The estimated uncertainties of measurement were between 1.5% and 5%. The data are in general agreement with previously obtained data in vitro and in vivo. Significant differences in the properties of different types of the same tissue (eg, skeletal and smooth muscle) were observed. Many tissues were found to be non-homogeneous in its permittivity. PMID- 7295368 TI - [Significance of the upper segment of the body: a hypothesis to consider]. AB - Considering the unquestionable echosensitivity of the lower segment and the great resistance that the upper segment shows to the negative action of the environmental factors, the study of the final height predictions was carried out based on the magnitude of the present height of the lower and the upper segments under the hypothesis that such predictions, but specially those involving the latter, would express the minimal genetic potential that each group would have as an average and that would approach considerably the one established for 18 year old subjects selected to design reference patterns. For such purpose, 1 011 females, from 12 to 20 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomical levels were studied. In those belonging to the highest level, (normal growth) there were no significant differences in predictions made; on the other hand, subjects of the lowest level showed very noticeable differences in spite of which, predictions made, considering the upper segment, did not differ significantly from those made for the other group, nor with the height accepted as normal in reference patterns (160.6 +/- 7.4 cm). PMID- 7295369 TI - [The value of the staphylococcal clumping test in the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in the infected infant]. AB - The staphylococcal clumping test for measurement of fibrin split products is a simple, rapid and trustworthy method in the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Three groups of patients were studied, a) with anatomicopathological findings of DIC, 26 cases; b) with predisposing factors for DIC, 50 cases and c) control group, 50 cases. The p value was less than 0.001 for the staphylococcal clumping test, equivalent to 100% trustworthiness in confirming the diagnosis of DIC. PMID- 7295370 TI - [Cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis in children]. AB - The study included 1880 necropsies and 8,217 biopsies and surgical pieces seen at the Pathology Department of the Hospital Infantil de Mexico from 1968 to 1977. Among necropsies, two cases (0.10%) of cholecystitis and/or cholecystolithiasis were found and among surgical pieces there were seven (0.08%). Seven cases were females and two males. The symptoms most frequently found were: abdominal pain, jaundice, vomiting and leukocytosis. Morphologically, there were three cases of chronic cholecystitis with cholecystolithiasis, two cases of acute cholecystitis without calculi, two cases of chronic cholecystitis without calculi, one case of acute and chronic cholecystitis without calculi and another one cholecystolithiasis without inflammatory manifestations of the gallbladder. As etiological or predisposing factors we found: obesity, infections, parasitosis, hematologic disturbances, dilatation of the choledochus and one case with diaphragm of the 4th portion of the duodenum. PMID- 7295372 TI - [Pneumopericardium in the newborn. Study of 5 cases and a review of the literature]. AB - Experience with 572 events of mechanical ventilation that developed 5 cases of pneumopericardium thru the period from August 1975 to August 1979 is reported. From this series, at least two cases were in direct relationship with the administration of high mean ventilatory pressure; other two could be related to inadvertently PEEP; finally the remaining case is questioned to be a pericardium congenital defect since no relation with the other causes of pneumopericardium could be explained. Surviving from the pneumopericardium and from the drainage, pneumopericardium is commented according to what has being reported in the literature that follows about the same trend of our series where the relative fatality risk is higher when a pericardiumcentesis is practiced. PMID- 7295373 TI - [Diagnostic laparotomy in the child under 12 with Hodgkin's disease]. AB - Twenty-eight children with Hodgkin's disease were followed between 1971 to 1978. Patients were grouped at diagnosis by clinical staging (C.S.) I and II (60%) and III and IV (40%). All patients were laparotomized and splenectomized and multiple node gland biopsy were taken in order to classify them in anatomopathological stages (A.P.S.) and to administer treatment according to a local protocol. No surgical complications were seen and in 10 patients (36%), infiltration of spleen, lymph nodes and other organs were found at surgery which changed their initial clinical stage to a more advanced stage. Then patients (36%) presented 12 episodes of viral infections, during the first years after splenectomy, and 9 bacterial infectious complications mainly between 2 to 4 years after surgery. All patients with A.P.S. I and II are alive and in complete remission, without treatment and with a mean survival time (M.S.T.) of 32 months. M.S.T. in patients with A.P.S. III A has been 63 months and two out of six have died from tumor dissemination and septicemia. M.S.T. in patients A.P.S. III B and IV has been 57 months and 3 out of 11 have died all from dissemination of their disease. Dissemination of the disease, splenectomy and immunologic depression from therapy are important factors to be evaluated when laparotomy is performed in children with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7295375 TI - [Costovertebral dysplasia]. AB - Costovertebral dysplasia is characterized by dysmorphic dwarfism at the expense of the trunk, with typical costal and vertebral anomalies that cause displacement of the intrathoracic and intra-abdominal organs and reduced pulmonary function. There is a recessive severe variety manifested in the newborn and a rare dominant form which is more benign. PMID- 7295374 TI - [Massive pneumoperitoneum secondary to barotrauma in a newborn infant]. AB - A case of a newborn infant that develops a pneumoperitoneum secondary to barotrauma is reported. Alternatives about the decision to operate or not, are presented. It is concluded that in pneumoperitoneum subsequent to a pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum, in association to mechanical ventilation or possible barotrauma during resuscitation, a non-surgical attitude should be taken and the indication for surgery will be given by the deteriorating condition of the patient. PMID- 7295371 TI - [Mortality from an asthma-like syndrome in pediatrics]. AB - The medical records of children who died from asthmatiform syndrome at Hospital de Pediatria del Centro Medico Nacional, during 1963 through 1980. were examined. There were sixteen asthmatic deaths; out of these, ten were males and six females; 88% occurred before the age of five years. Half of the deaths occurred during the first asthmatiform attack. In 69%, an upper respiratory tract infection was the precipitating factor and in 31%, bronchopneumonia was associated. There were cardiac failures in 88%. A poor medical management was the main factor in about 66%. The mortality rate was 0.5%. The significance of the clinical course is discussed and a program for treatment outlined. PMID- 7295376 TI - [Asthma-like syndrome]. PMID- 7295378 TI - Registration of light stimuli in the cortically blind hemifield and its effect on localization. AB - Patients who suffer from unilateral damage to the geniculostriate system were asked to make a voluntary blink response whenever they guessed that a light stimulus was presented in their perimetrically blind hemifield. After about 600 trials they were able to register the presence of a light stimulus appearing in the 'blind' part of their visual field without any conscious visual access and, additionally, without any link to correct verbal responses. The patients' ability to localize targets presented in the hemianopic part of the visual field was at a high level of accuracy (as judged by their saccadic responses) after this procedure. The results indicate that there is a common extrastriate visual pathway subserving the performance in registration and localization of visual stimuli. PMID- 7295377 TI - [Preventive medicine in pediatric cardiology]. PMID- 7295379 TI - Post-ingestion interference with brain function prevents attenuation of neophobia in rats. AB - Attenuation of the neophobic rejection of novel flavours is mediated by a memorial process the properties of which were examined by testing its resistance to functional disruption. Rats maintained on a 24-h water deprivation schedule consumed only 3 ml of the novel apple juice but doubled its intake during the second presentation 2 days later. This attenuation of neophobia (AN) was prevented by pentobarbital anaesthesia (40 mg/kg) induced 0 and 1 h, but not 4 and 7 h, after the first apple juice presentation. AN was also disrupted by ether anaesthesia (5 min), hypothermia (20 degrees C body temperature), bilateral cortical spreading depression and electroconvulsive shock (50 mA, 1.5 sec) applied 0-1 h, but not 2 or more hours, after the first apple juice presentation. The results are consonant with the 'learned safety' hypothesis and indicate that a 2-4 h long continuous absence of noxious consequences of food ingestion is required to classify a gustatory stimulus as safe or neutral. Since interventions interfering with AN do not disrupt formation of conditioned taste aversion, the two forms of adaptive control of food selection are obviously mediated by fundamentally different neural mechanisms. PMID- 7295380 TI - Locomotor hyperactivity and hypoexploration after lesion of the dopaminergic-A10 area in the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) of rats. AB - The lesion of the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) and especially of the dopaminergic (DA) A10 neurons induced disturbances of spontaneous activity in the rat. Measured in different situations (circular corridor, open field, hole box), locomotor activity was dramatically and permanently increased (5 days of recording) without modifications of the circadian rhythm, although exploratory patterns of behavior were reduced. In contrast, the administration of a low dose of D-amphetamine (1 and 2 mg/kg i.p.) to naive rats induced an increase of both locomotor and exploratory activities. A qualitative analysis of spontaneous activity of rats after VMT lesions and after administration of D-amph, revealed opposing aspects of behavior. Residual response to D-amph of VMT-lesioned rats suggest a subtotal destruction of DA-A10 neurons, the implication of an over activity of these remaining DA-A10 neurons on behavioral deficit is considered. Our results can be explained by a deficiency in attention processes. PMID- 7295381 TI - Behavioral effects of kainic acid injection into substantia nigra after ablation of the telencephalon. AB - Unilateral intranigral injection of kainic acid induced long-lasting contraversive turning and hyper-reactivity in rats. Surgical removal of the telencephalic forebrain failed to curtail said elicited effects, indicating that the critically involved output pathways from the substantia nigra do not invoke the telencephalon. PMID- 7295382 TI - Frontal myopia in the rabbit. AB - The sharpness of a trans-scleral image was examined in the enucleated albino rabbit eye. Profound changes in the focus of the image were produced by changes in the relative position of the object in the visual field. These findings are discussed in relation to the view that the rabbit is frontally myopic and laterally hypermetropic. PMID- 7295383 TI - An inability of gamma-acetylenic GABA to block eating evoked by hypothalamic stimulation. AB - Several lines of evidence have implicated the nigrostriatal dopamine system and the neocortex for eating occurring either spontaneously or in response to electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ESLH). GABA-ergic neural systems are known to modulate activity in the nigrostriatal system and neocortex. The GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gamma-acetylenic GABA (GAG) was administered to rats eating in response to ESLH. This drug produced hypersynchronization of the cortical EEG and behavioral sedation, but did not alter the current threshold for evoking eating by ESLH. Implications of results for understanding mechanisms underlying ESLH-induced eating are discussed. PMID- 7295384 TI - Antagonistic effect of sodium ascorbate on ethanol-induced changes in swimming of mice. AB - Swimming behavior in the mouse was used to study the motor disturbances induced by alcohol, and the effects of vitamin C upon these disturbances were assessed. High doses of vitamin C (125 and 500 mg/kg) prevented any swimming impairment due to ethanol; however, lower doses of vitamin C (62.5 mg/kg) had no significant effect. When given 1 h before alcohol, the protective effect of vitamin C was reduced. The alcohol-induced intoxication lasted beyond alcohol's elimination from the blood, suggesting that the intoxication is maintained by a metabolite of ethanol or by an effect of ethanol, or a metabolite, on another metabolic system. PMID- 7295385 TI - [The thermodynamic activity coefficient in pharmacology and toxicology]. PMID- 7295386 TI - [Synthesis and antitumor activity of various trifluoroacetamides]. PMID- 7295387 TI - [Activity of chlorhexidine on bacteria and mycetes isolated from pathological human material]. PMID- 7295388 TI - [Radiological monitoring of the behavior of gastroresistant gelatin capsules in the digestive tract]. PMID- 7295389 TI - [Investigations on the individual-region distribution of adipocyte diameters by means of advanced statistical methods]. AB - The dimensional distributions of the adipocytes in Equus caballus in many subjects and in many regions have been studied: such distributions turn out to be in good approximation galtonian ones. Furthermore, all the logarithm populations of the cell diameters have significantly the same variance. The used statistical methods (ANOVA two way with replications, and TUKEY -test) indicate an extremely significant different among the various regions (the smallest cells are in the supra-orbital fossa, the greatest ones are in the abdominal subserous floor). PMID- 7295390 TI - [Dimensional distribution of adipocytes: ANOVA variance of matrix with and without replications]. PMID- 7295391 TI - [Serotonin distribution between plasma and platelets in clinically healthy children]. AB - Serotonin distribution between plasma and platelets was examined in 34 clinically healthy children. We measured 5-HT with spectrofluorometric method. We obtained no correlation between plasma and platelets 5-HT. Serotonin is more concentrated in platelets than in plasma. In fact, platelets uptake 5-HT even at low plasma concentration, by an active transport mechanism and store it in granular substructures. 5-HT uptake occurs in similar way both in platelets and in 5-HT neurons. MOreover, the 5-HT receptors react to 5-HT agonist or antagonist drugs as the receptors of some SNC areas (not those with dense 5-HT innervation). Therefore, platelets might be used as indication for 5-HT neurons activity in those SNC regions whose receptors react to drugs as platelets receptors. PMID- 7295392 TI - [New method of synthesis of structural analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine]. PMID- 7295393 TI - [Experimental electrocardiographic research. Study in the rat of the cardiovascular effects of labetalol]. AB - Electrocardiographic changes induced by Labetalol, a drug blocking alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, have been studied in 10 anesthetized rats. Authors observed that Labetalol has: 1) slightly negative chronotropic action; 2)slightly negative dromotropic action on both atrio-ventricular and intraventricular conduction; 3) effective antiarrhythmic and alpha-blocking action and, inconstantly, 4) the so-called "intrinsic sympathicomimetic action" (I.S.A.), typical of several beta-blocking drugs. PMID- 7295394 TI - Calcium-dependent action potentials elicited in the lizard ventricle by a prolonged hypothermic incubation. AB - After a prolonged hypothermic incubation (48 h at 4 degrees C), lizard ventricles perfused with a solution containing 15 mM k+ and 1 mM Ca2+ exhibit slow responses, which are similar (prescinding from their noticeable greater duration) to the responses which can be elicited, in the same depolarizing solution, by increasing the external calcium concentration or by adding catecholamines to the perfusing medium. The phenomenon is transient, and vanishes within 90 min from the end of the hypothermia. PMID- 7295395 TI - Effect of Bitis gabonica venom on the action potentials of guinea-pig heart. Preliminary results. AB - The effect exerted by different doses (50 to 500 mg/kg body weight, or 1 or perfusing solution) of the lyophilised secretion of B. gabonica venom glands has been studied -by intracellular electrodes- on the electrical activity of atrial and ventricular cells from guinea-pigs hearts, by using both open-chested animals and isolated preparations. Noticeable changes in the features and duration of the repolarization phase of the action potentials precede the abolition (reversible, after washing) of the contractile activity. No significant changes of the diastolic potentials have been evidenced in the preparations perfused in vitro. PMID- 7295396 TI - The effect of the venom of Bitis gabonica on mesenteric and external iliac blood flow. - A preliminary study in the dog. AB - The activity of the venom of Bitis Gabonica on mesenteric and external iliac circulation was investigated in four anaesthetized dogs. Venom doses of 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg were injected intravenously with an interval of 30 minutes between two successive injections. Following the first and the second dose, a transient fall of the resistance was observed in the mesenteric and especially in the external iliac vascular bed. Then, mesenteric resistance returned to normal, whereas external iliac resistance increased noticeable above the control value. After the third injection the animals died in a state of severe hypotension. It is note-worthy that during the transient vasodilation, mesenteric flow did not increase proportionally to the reduction of the relevant resistance, owing to the fact that BP fell more than would have been expected from the mesenteric vasodilation. This discrepancy seemed to depend on a more conspicuous reduction of the resistance in other vascular beds as observed in the external iliac circulation. PMID- 7295397 TI - [Experimental pathogenicity of Candida lusitaniae in mice]. AB - Experimental pathogenicity was for the first time demonstrated in a strain of C. lusitaniae of clinical origin by the use of concentrated inocula (5.10(7) Y shaped cells) and the administration of 4 mg of methylprednisolone acetate i.m. injected 4 days before and 3 days after the inoculation. Counts on malt-agar (fig. 1) in kidney and brain showed a decrease during the first 12 hours, followed by a definite increment in cell number between the first and second day. Clinical tests showed a strong proteinuria, high levels of blood urea and creatinine, and a low GOT increase. Glycemia, GPT, and total serum protein values were normal. Histological examinations of kidney showed a delayed penetration with discrete clumps of Y-shaped cells, inflammatory focuses, and compromised tubules and glomerula (Fig. 2). After 2 weeks of study accumulations of cells followed by degenerative phenomena were seen in the various structures examined. Reparation processes were seldom observed (Fig. 3-4). PMID- 7295398 TI - [Research on the distribution of subclinical salmonellosis of the dog in Sardinia]. PMID- 7295399 TI - [Specific effects of Cr ions on DNA: a comparison between the interaction of CrIII with purified DNA and with DNA from cultured cells]. AB - Affinity between CrIII and purified calf thymus DNA were studied by equilibrium dialysis at different pHs. Chromium was dosed by atomic spectrometry. This affinity was compared with Chromium-DNA affinity after treatment of living mammalian cells with CrVI and its intracellular reduction. Preliminary results seem to suggest that affinity is similar in both cases and not especially high (K approximately 10(5) 1/mole). PMID- 7295400 TI - [Affinity between CrIII and purified DNA, studied by competition with an intercalating agent: ethidium bromide]. AB - The affinity between CrIII and purified calf- thymus DNA was studied at neutral pH by competition with ethidium bromide. Competition results indicated an affinity between CrIII and DNA of the order of 10(5) 1/mole. These results are in good agreement with previous results CrIII - DNA affinity was studied by the independent method of equilibrium dialysis and chromium dosage by atomic spectrometry. PMID- 7295401 TI - [Serotonin and monoamineoxidase activity in platelets of children]. AB - We examined 5-HT concentration and monoamine oxidase activity in the platelets. We observed 55 children, 30 healthy and 25 with neuropathological situations. No significant difference exists between two groups. MAO activity is not dependent from 5-HT concentration. As the enzyme seems to exist in multiple forms, the type B would be present in the platelets. This form presents less affinity for serotonin. If MAO do not act on platelets 5-HT levels, another mechanism might be to regulate 5-HT concentration in the platelets. PMID- 7295402 TI - [Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in some neurological diseases of childhood]. AB - In this work, we examined platelet MAO activity in 25 children with various neurological disorders and compared them with 30 control subjects. We found that platelet MAO activity changed in children with headache and very little in children with epilepsy and mental retardation. It is very difficult to interpret these results; therefore further works are needed to clarify platelet enzymatic activities. PMID- 7295403 TI - [Effects of glucocorticoids on the gastrointestinal tract of normal rats and rats deficient in endogenous prostaglandins]. AB - Here are studied the effects of administration of prednisolone on intestinal tract of normal rats and of rats into which a lack of prostaglandins has been caused and shown. The appearance of ulcerative lesions of the same type and of the same size in both groups of the studied animals might lead us to believe that the ulcerative action of glucocorticoids, at least in some cases, may be independent from the production of prostaglandins and may thus be attributed to other mechanisms. PMID- 7295404 TI - [MAO activity in various organs of the growing rat]. PMID- 7295405 TI - [Variations in erythrocyte enzymatic activity in the first days of life]. AB - The erythrocyte activities of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and glucose phosphate isomerase decrease during the first days of life. Furthermore the level of these enzymatic activities is higher in newborn infants with higher percentage of carboxyhemoglobin. It is likely that a premature and rapid fall of reticulocytes causes a decrease in enzymatic activities sensitive to aging and that the higher hemolysis can represent a disappearance of oldest erythrocytes which present lower enzymatic activities. These data therefore confirm the block in erythropoiesis in the first hours of life. PMID- 7295406 TI - [Experimental electrocardiography research. A study in the rat of the cardiovascular effects of verapamil]. AB - Electrocardiographic changes induced by Verapamil, drug inducing inhibition of transmembrane movement of calcium into cardiac cells and mobilization of intracellular Ca++, have been studied in 10 anesthetized rats. Authors observed that Verapamil has: 1) negative chronotropic action on SA node; sometimes appears a superior nodal rhythm; 2) inconstantly, negative dromotropic action with prolonged atrioventricular conduction and "period of Luciani-Wenckebach'; 3) effective antiarrhythmic action; 4) no protective action towards peripheric vascular epinephrine effects; 5) remarkable negative inotropic action, whose Authors consider indirect signs the electrocardiographic changes, which indicate severe coronary failure, and the death of 6 rats by acute pulmonary edema. PMID- 7295407 TI - Germination and growth inhibitors in Tamus communis L. PMID- 7295408 TI - [Anatomical and cytohistological changes caused by aqueous extracts of Tamus communis L. leaves]. AB - Aqueous extracts of Tamus communis leaves induce root tip swelling of Medicago seedlings and disrupt the mitotic process of Allium root tips. The cells of the swollen roots of Medicago treated seedlings are much wider an shorter than the homologous control cells. In the treated roots of Allium prophases prevail and some cells contain vacuolated nuclei or micronuclei. PMID- 7295409 TI - [Experimental studies on the action of PVC in rats treated intravenously]. PMID- 7295410 TI - [Effect of 2 mercaptopropionylglycine on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis against rabbit hepatocytes isolated and cultured in vitro]. AB - "In vivo" and "in vitro" action of 2 MPG on lymphocytotoxic activity was evaluated in 22 patients with CAH, 14 were HBsAg positive and 8 were negative. The test was performed with and without 2 MPG in the colture medium, and before and after treatment. HBsAg+ patients received 2 MPG treatment, while HBsAg- ones received immunosoppressive therapy and 4 of these were on 2 MPG treatment as well. Cytotoxic Index was reduced non-significantly by addition of 2 MPG in colture medium in both groups. 2 MPG treatment does not modify cytotoxic activity which is reduced by immunosoppressive therapy. These findings suggest a positive effect of 2 MPG on liver-cell metabolism with an increased resistence of the epatocyte to the "in vitro" lymphocytes aggression. Hence it may be suggested an association treatment with immunosoppressive agents and 2 MPG. PMID- 7295411 TI - [Practical method for morphometric reliefs]. AB - This morphometric method consists in: - to photograph, during culture's period, with constant magnification, the organ rudiment explanted in vitro; - to place on the single images, in printing, a transparent squared reticle with size unit known; - to compute the size values of the considered image counting the number of reticle's squares comprised in the image. PMID- 7295412 TI - Papaverine bioavailability in delayed absorption formulations. AB - The bioavailability of non "normal-acting" and three "delayed" papaverine formulations was compared in twenty hospitalized human subjects. Papaverine was evaluated in the blood at the nanogram level by a highly sensitive, specific gas chromatographic method with electron capture detection. Only one of the three chronoid preparations had appropriately delayed bioavailability 89% in comparison to normal acting formulation. PMID- 7295413 TI - [Genetic improvement in Vicia faba and favism. I. Distribution and levels of presumably hemolytic metabolites]. AB - Covicine + vicine, L-DOPA-glucoside + L-DOPA and ascorbic acid were determined in different lines of Vicia faba beans throughout the biological cycle of the plant. As the seed matures the levels of convicine + vicine as well as of ascorbic acid decrease with seed maturation in all the lines examined. L-DOPA, which is lacking in cotyledons but present in the tegument, also decrease and is nearly undectable in some lines with white flowers. PMID- 7295414 TI - [Genetic improvement in Vicia and favism. II. Glycosidase activity]. AB - Glycosidase activities with starch and PNP-glycosides as substrates can be detected in the cotyledons, leaves, pods and teguments of Vicia faba beans. The mainly hydrolize alpha- and beta-glucosides, alpha- and beta-galactosides as well as starch. The amylase activity arises at very early stages of seed maturation and then rapidly decreases, whereas glycosidases increase up to the 30% of the beans dry weight before decreasing. The beta-glucosidase might play a role in regulating the metabolism of possibly haemolitic glycosides (i.e. vicine, convicine and L-DOPA glucoside) thus explaining the presence of this enzyme. PMID- 7295415 TI - [Arginase characteristics in an ammoniotele]. AB - Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1.) is active in the hepatopancreas, gills and pincer muscle of the ammoniotele Carcinus maenas. Its activity in the hepatopancreas is mainly localized in mitochondria. The enzyme becomes inactive at 37 degrees C if the assay is carried out without previous incubation with Mn2+; the optimum temperature for the fully activated enzyme is 47 degrees C. Two fractions showing arginase activity can be separated on DEAE-cellulose at pH 8.3, the most active being eluted by a linear gradient of KCl at a concentration of 0.3 divided by 0.4M, the other with a buffer front. Since ornithine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.13.) activity has been detected in the hepatopancreas, arginase activity in this organ is possibly related to ornithine catabolism leading to proline and glutamate. PMID- 7295417 TI - Phasic abnormalities of left ventricular emptying in coronary artery disease. AB - Seventy subjects with suspected coronary artery disease were studied by radionuclide angiocardiography. Delayed or paradoxically emptying regions of the left ventricle were detected by a relatively new nuclear technique--phase imaging. The results were assessed in the light of cardiac catheterisation findings. Compared with 19 normals, regions with abnormally high phase (and therefore late emptying) were found in 42 of 61 subjects with coronary disease. High phase values were associated with total occlusion of a major coronary artery, low ejection fraction, and extensive wall motion abnormalities. The phase image greatly facilitated the calculation of contractile segment ejection fraction in 14 cases of left ventricular aneurysm. In three of these postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction agreed closely with preoperative contractile segment ejection fraction and there was a distinct improvement in the phase image after aneurysmectomy. PMID- 7295416 TI - [HDL-cholesterol as an indicator of atherogenic risk in healthy women of advanced age]. AB - We wanted to study HDL cholesterol in female subjects in good health but of in advanced age without a history of cardiac-vascular problems. The result show an increase in value for total cholesterol in only 2 subjects out of a total of 39 subjects studied and we saw a triglycerides increase in only 7 subjects. The HDL cholesterol was found high in 13 subjects and inferior to 55 mg/dl of serum in 26 subjects which also demonstrated low values of total cholesterol. In fact, the arteriosclerotic risk factor calculated using the method of Castelli e Cell increased only in 2 subjects demonstrating that the lack of clinical manifestation in accompanied by a decrease in the ateriosclerotic "risk factor". PMID- 7295418 TI - Detection and assessment of straddling and overriding atrioventricular valves by two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Sixteen patients with a straddling tricuspid and two with a straddling mitral valve were identified by two dimensional echocardiography. In all but one the atrioventricular valves appeared at the same level, indicating absence of the ventriculoatrial septum. A straddling valve was diagnosed by identifying subvalvular apparatus from one atrioventricular valve in both chambers, independent of whether they were ventricles or rudimentary chambers. Further confirmation was obtained during real time study where the valve leaflets appeared to fly through the ventricular septal defect. Overriding of the valve annulus was greater than 50% in 12 and less than 50% in five, with one other patient having none detectable. The relation of the central fibrous body to the tip of the interventricular septum was reliable in assessing overriding of greater than 50%, but where it was less than 50% other views were necessary to detect its presence. The diagnosis of straddling with or without overriding of an atrioventricular valve can be reliably made by two dimensional echocardiography, and carries important implications relating to the type of surgical intervention possible, and in those with a straddling tricuspid valve, the position of the atrioventricular node. PMID- 7295419 TI - Duplicate sources of pulmonary blood supply in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. AB - In pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, there is a tendency for each collateral artery to be the sole supply to a particular region of lung. On injection into a collateral artery, however, "wash-out" of contrast medium by non-opacified blood from a second source is sometimes seen. Alternatively, contrast medium may faintly "wash in" to an adjacent lobar artery supplied from a second source. "Wash-in" and "wash-out" therefore show that a duplicate blood supply exists. To assess the importance of these phenomena, we reviewed the angiograms of 50 patients with this condition. Duplicate pulmonary blood supply not resulting from surgical shunts was found in 25 patients (50%), and in 24 of 37 patients (65%) who had selective collateral injections. In one patient two collaterals anastomosed with each other. Thirty-nine instances of duplicate supply occurred in the remaining 24. The duplicate connection was to a region of lung connected to a central pulmonary artery in 29 of 39 instances (74%). Determination of how much of the peripheral pulmonary vasculature is connected to central pulmonary arteries greatly affects decisions about palliative and corrective surgery. These results show that unless "wash-in" and "wash-out" are specifically looked for, the information obtained from angiography may be erroneous. PMID- 7295420 TI - Surgical management of coarctation of aorta with ventricular septal defect. Multivariate analysis. AB - Optimal management of coarctation with ventricular septal defect is difficult. Should one treat the coarctation, the ventricular septal defect, or both? This dilemma was investigated by reviewing 39 successive patients, aged less than 4 months, undergoing coarctation repair without pulmonary artery banding. Twelve hospital deaths occurred. Ventricular septal defect size was graded "blind" according to preoperative angiocardiographic and haemodynamic findings. Of 14 patients classified as having a large ventricular septal defect, necropsy and operative findings in eight showed defects 7 to 12 mm in diameter. Factors associated univariately with significantly increased mortality were young age, raised atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressures, low weight, high admission blood urea, preoperative ventilation, and a large ventricular septal defect. All but the last two were also closely associated with each other. A jack-knifed discriminant function based upon ventricular septal defect size, blood urea, pulmonary venous oxygen content, and inferior caval oxygen saturation correctly predicted outcome in 78.9% of patients. Combinations of these four giving a probability greater than 0.9 of survival were rare with blood ureas above 8 mmol/litre. Raised blood urea was associated with low descending aortic pressure and subsequent dialysis. Only patients with a large ventricular septal defect stand to benefit from pulmonary artery banding at initial operation. Preoperative treatment to increase renal blood flow (prostaglandins, dopamine) may improve overall survival. PMID- 7295421 TI - Two chambered left ventricle. Three new varieties. AB - A short review of two chambered left ventricle is given, and this rare condition is briefly compared and contrasted with the more common condition involving the right ventricle. Three cases are described, each of which presents a new variety of subdivision of the left ventricle; in two of these the condition was first shown by angiocardiography. The first case had left heart hypoplasia with dysplastic stenosis of the mitral and aortic valves and severe endocardial fibroelastosis of the main left ventricular cavity. The second case also showed dysplasia of the left sided valves with pronounced endocardial fibroelastosis, and in addition there was a congenital malformation of the left lung. The third case showed a bizarre ventricular subdivision without other congenital malformations. The role of the intertrabecular myocardial sinusoids in the pathogenesis of some types of two chambered ventricle is discussed and this is considered to have been of significance in the first two cases. The third case possibly represented an intramyocardial aneurysm of obscure aetiology. PMID- 7295423 TI - Limitation of tachycardia zone resulting from longitudinal dissociation of the atrioventricular node in concealed pre-excitation. AB - Two cases with a concealed left-sided accessory atrioventricular bypass tract are described. In both, functional longitudinal dissociation of the atrioventricular node narrowed the range of atrial premature beat coupling intervals which could initiate re-entry using the accessory pathway. In case 1 early premature atrial beats were followed by an atrioventricular nodal re-entrant echo. The atrial echo pre-empted retrograde conduction over the Kent bundle and thus limited the development of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. In case 2 atrioventricular nodal conduction showed typical features ascribed to dual atrioventricular nodal pathways. In addition there was a bradycardia-related retrograde block in the concealed accessory pathway. Early premature atrial beats, because of exclusive "slow pathway" anterograde conduction, arrived at the ventricles during the period of bradycardia-dependent retrograde block and failed to initiate a macro re-entrant tachycardia. This study shows that (1) longitudinal dissociation within the atrioventricular node may limit the ability to initiate tachycardia in patients with concealed pre-excitation; and (2) discontinuous atrioventricular nodal conduction curves occasionally help to reveal bradycardia-related retrograde block in a concealed accessory pathway. PMID- 7295422 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging in patients with dilated and ischaemic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7295424 TI - Sympathoadrenal and cardiovascular responses to mental stress, isometric handgrip, and cold pressor test in asymptomatic young men with primary T wave abnormalities in the electrocardiogram. PMID- 7295425 TI - Angiographic and risk factor characteristics of subjects with early onset ischaemic heart disease. AB - Sixty-six consecutive patients less than 40 years of age with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease took part in a study aimed at (1) identifying the presence of factors which might explain the premature onset of ischaemic heart disease, and (2) assessing the distribution and severity of the coronary artery lesions. For comparisons we have used a study of risk factors in 1832 men defined as "normals" according to a recent comprehensive examination. The findings show that the typical early onset coronary heart disease case is an overweight, heavily smoking male "blue collar" worker, with high serum levels, a marginally raised blood pressure, and a high prevalence of coronary heart disease among first degree relatives. Coronary angiography showed a preponderance of one vessel disease. In particular, left anterior descending artery lesions were common, which might have contributed to the early manifestation of disease. PMID- 7295426 TI - Endocardial fibroelastosis with predominant involvement of left atrium. Possibility of diagnosis by non-invasive methods. PMID- 7295428 TI - Complete heart block in mumps myocarditis. AB - A patient with mumps myocarditis is reported. The onset of mumps was typical, with fever and parotid swelling followed by raised virus antibody titres. Atrioventricular block occurred and persisted despite steroid treatment for two weeks. He had an Adams-Stokes attack. A permanent pacemaker was implanted and, thereafter, the patient remained dependent upon it. The published material on conduction disturbance in mumps myocarditis is reviewed. PMID- 7295429 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias in first 12 hours of acute myocardial infarction. Natural history study. PMID- 7295430 TI - Identification of congenital cardiac malformations by echocardiography in midtrimester fetus. AB - Fetal echocardiograms were performed in 21 pregnancies before midtrimester termination. All fetal heart specimens were collected and studied morphologically. Eighteen had been diagnosed as normal echocardiographically and this was confirmed anatomically. Deficiency of the atrial septum was suspected in one, and primum and secundum atrial septal defects were found anatomically. Coarctation of the aorta was suspected in another and this was confirmed anatomically. A ventricular septal defect was suspected in one which proved to be normal on dissection. PMID- 7295427 TI - Fatal ventricular fibrillation after treatment with digoxin in a 27-year-old man with mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome. AB - A 27-year-old man with typical mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome was under medical care for eight years with ventricular arrhythmias resistant to various antiarrhythmic drugs. He was started on digoxin, 0.25 mg daily, because of echocardiographically demonstrated left ventricular dilatation and functional impairment; he died of ventricular fibrillation 15 days later. PMID- 7295431 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of valvular pulmonary stenosis in children. AB - It has been suggested that the maximal amplitude of the pulmonary valve motion following atrial contraction (Amax) may be useful in the clinical evaluation of patients with valvular pulmonary stenosis. To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of this measurement in children, we reviewed the echocardiograms of the pulmonary valve of 120 subjects: 57 normal individuals, 25 patients with secundum atrial septal defect and without pulmonary hypertension, and 32 patients with pulmonary stenosis proven at catheterisation (mild in 16 patients, moderate in nine, and severe in seven). Amax ranged from 0 to 12 mm in the normal subjects, and from 2 to 16 mm in those with atrial septal defect. In mild pulmonary stenosis, Amax ranged from 2 to 12 mm, in moderate pulmonary stenosis from 2 to 14 mm, and in severe pulmonary stenosis, from 3 to 12 mm. Though mean Amax was significantly larger in patients with moderate and severe pulmonary stenosis compared with normal subjects, there was much overlap between the two groups so that individual cases could not be identified correctly from this measurement. No significant difference was observed when comparing Amax values of patients with atrial septal defect and those of patients with pulmonary stenosis of various severity, nor were any observed between the pulmonary stenosis groups. These findings indicate that Amax is neither specific nor sensitive for the presence or severity of valvular pulmonary stenosis in children, and that it cannot be used to evaluate non-invasively the results of pulmonary valvotomy. PMID- 7295434 TI - Significance of normal septal motion in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. AB - Paradoxical septal motion is considered to be a characteristic feature of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, reflecting the right ventricular volume overload in this condition. Patients with additional pulmonary venous obstruction have reduced pulmonary blood flow, and would be expected to show normal septal motion. We have studied the haemodynamic and echocardiographic findings in 21 patients with proven total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and found paradoxical septal motion in only 11 instances. Paradoxical septal motion was present in all nine patients over the age of 1 month. Of the 12 neonates, 10 showed normal septal motion. Patients with normal septal motion had clinical features of pulmonary venous obstruction, with significantly higher pulmonary artery pressures and lower pulmonary artery saturations than patients with paradoxical septal motion. It is concluded that in total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, septal motion reflects pulmonary blood flow, allowing separation of patients into those with or those without pulmonary venous obstruction. PMID- 7295432 TI - Contrast echocardiographic features of pulmonary hypertension and regurgitation. AB - Linear contrast echo configuration on the pulmonary valve M-mode echogram was assessed in 28 patients with pulmonary hypertension, in 10 with pulmonary regurgitation, and in 10 normal subjects. Contrast echo parallel lines filling the total systolic phase of the pulmonary valve were recorded in normal subjects. Contrast echo lines stopping in early systole around the pulmonary valve mid systolic notch were seen in all the patients with pulmonary hypertension in relation to changes with the pulmonary flow. Contrast echo lines reversing the early diastole and crossing the pulmonary valve echogram during diastole were detected in all the patients with pulmonary regurgitation, consistent with the reversed flow across the valve. The use of contrast echocardiography to diagnose both pulmonary hypertension and regurgitation may provide further useful information, particularly when the orientation and time of appearance of the contrast echo lines are related to the systolic and/or diastolic phases of the pulmonary valve M-mode echogram. PMID- 7295433 TI - Aortic regurgitation. Detection of left ventricular dysfunction by exercise echocardiography. AB - Left ventricular performance was assessed in 20 symptom free patients and 10 with symptoms, all with isolated aortic regurgitation, by measuring the echocardiographic peak velocity of circumferential fibre shortening (echo peak Vcf) at rest and during graded bicycle ergometer exercise in the supine position. The normal left ventricular response during such exercise was first determined in 20 healthy controls. On the basis of their resting and exercise echo peak Vcf, the 30 patients with aortic regurgitation could be separated into three groups: Group 1 comprised 11 symptom free patients with a normal resting echo peak Vcf which increased normally with exercise; group 2 comprised nine symptom free patients with a normal resting echo peak Vcf but with a subnormal response to exercise; group 3 consisted of 10 patients with symptoms with a depressed resting echo peak Vcf which remained subnormal with exercise. Subsequent cardiac catheterisation disclosed normal ejection fractions in patients in group 1, borderline ejection fractions in those in group 2, and reduced ejection fractions in those in group 3. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular performance during supine isotonic exercise may provide a simple noninvasive method for the early detection of left ventricular dysfunction in symptom free patients with aortic regurgitation. PMID- 7295435 TI - Effects of sodium nitroprusside upon cardiac work, efficiency, and substrate extraction in severe left ventricular failure. PMID- 7295436 TI - Hazards of diazoxide in pulmonary hypertension. AB - The use of diazoxide in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension has been advocated recently. We describe three patients who responded less favourably. The first patient had cardiac arrest (asystole) after the acute bolus dose. After recovery only a slight increase in cardiac index was seen while pulmonary vascular resistance was unchanged. The second patient developed total atrioventricular block after the acute bolus dose. Ater recovery the cardiac index was unchanged while pulmonary vascular resistance was decreased. The third patient felt ill after the acute bolus dose, and the blood pressure dropped, but no conduction abnormalities were noted. The cardiac index rose slightly and the pulmonary vascular resistance was essentially unchanged. Long term treatment with oral diazoxide could not be administered to this patient because abdominal pain and distension developed. Because we lack reliable alternative treatment, it is justifiable to try diazoxide, provided great care is taken. PMID- 7295437 TI - Correction of altered noradrenaline reactivity in essential hypertension by indapamide. AB - Fourteen patients with untreated mild to moderate essential hypertension had on average an abnormally high cardiovascular reactivity to exogenous noradrenaline and angiotension II, while plasma noradrenaline, renin activity, exchangeable body sodium, and blood volume were normal. Treatment with a low dose of indapamide (2.5 mg/day) for six weeks decreased blood pressure by 10% in these hypertensive patients but not in 13 normal control subjects. Plasma or blood volume and exchangeable sodium were not changed significantly; nevertheless, the latter, and body weight, tended to be decreased slightly. Though a mild reduction in extracellular sodium in both normal and hypertensive subjects appears possible, it may not per se fully explain indapamide's blood pressure-lowering effect in essential hypertension. Indapamide induced a mild decrease in angiotensin II pressor responsiveness in normal or hypertensive subjects, but a possible depressor influence from this change was probably antagonised by a concomitant pronounced increase in plasma renin activity. In hypertensive patients, the abnormally high noradrenaline reactivity was corrected by indapamide without an accompanying increase in endogenous plasma noradrenaline levels. Indapamide-induced changes in blood pressure correlated with those in noradrenaline pressor dose. It was concluded, therefore, that indapamide may decrease blood pressure in essential hypertension at least in part by lowering an abnormally high cardiovascular noradrenaline reactivity without causing an equivalent increase in adrenergic nervous activity. PMID- 7295438 TI - Normal rate of ventricular emptying in valvular aortic stenosis. AB - The delayed upstroke of the arterial pulse in valvular aortic stenosis has been attributed, in part, to prolonged left ventricular emptying. Left ventricular emptying rate, however, has not been measured in aortic stenosis. We assessed the rate of left ventricular emptying by computer analysis of biplane cineangiograms in seven normal subjects, six patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis, and 12 patients with severe aortic stenosis. As an indicator of delayed arterial pulse rise, T time index (time to half maximum aortic pressure corrected for heart rate) was measured in each group. T time index averaged 0.07 +/- 0.01 units in normal subjects, 0.14 +/- 0.04 units in the patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis, and 0.13 +/- 0.05 units in those with severe aortic stenosis. Patients with mild to moderate and severe aortic stenosis differed significantly from normal subjects. Relative emptying rates were defined as the percentage of initial systolic volume ejected divided by the percentage of systole elapsed. These relative emptying rates were determined during the first, second, and third thirds of systole in all three groups. No significant decrease in the relative rate of left ventricular emptying was noted when each group of patients with aortic stenosis was compared with the normal subjects. Neither was there slowing in the actual rate of ejection of blood in ml per second throughout systole. We conclude that the rate of ventricular emptying is normal in aortic stenosis and does not explain the arterial pulse delay in this disease. PMID- 7295439 TI - Apical aneurysm of Chagas's heart disease. AB - A retrospective study of Chagas's heart disease was carried out by a review of necropsy reports with special reference to the lesion known as the apical aneurysm. It was concluded that this lesion was more frequent in men, was unrelated to age, and was unrelated to heart weight. Patients dying of the cardiac consequences of Chagas's cardiomyopathy were more likely to have an apical aneurysm than those whose death was unrelated to the disease but the mode of death (sudden, or with heart failure) was unconnected with its presence. Transillumination from within the ventricle at necropsy was not only useful in demonstrating the aneurysm but also showed areas of myocardial thinning elsewhere. Thrombosis within the lesion was frequent. The aetiology of the apical aneurysm is discussed and it is concluded that while ischaemia, inflammation, thrombosis, and mechanical factors may produce and localise this lesion, the underlying cause is the basic pathogenetic process-parasympathetic nerve cell destruction. PMID- 7295441 TI - Absent proximal left main coronary artery in association with pulmonary atresia. PMID- 7295440 TI - Successful surgical treatment of two patients with eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. AB - Cardiac surgery to treat severe heart failure was of benefit to two patients with endomyocardial disease and hypereosinophilia-eosinophilic endomyocardial disease. Both patients had severe biventricular fibrosis with mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. One had predominant right ventricular disease and was treated by right ventricular endocardectomy with tricuspid and mitral xenograft valve replacement. The second patient's main haemodynamic problem was considered to be mitral regurgitation. His mitral valve was replaced by a Starr-Edwards prosthesis; endocardectomy was not performed. Though both patients had toxic confusional states for several weeks postoperatively there was distinct symptomatic and objective evidence of improvement which has been maintained for over 16 months. Previous reports of surgical treatment of 22 patients without eosinophilia (all of whom had endomyocardial resection) and three other patients with eosinophilia have shown equally encouraging results. There has been no evidence of recurrence or progression of heart damage in follow-up periods of up to seven years. It is concluded that cardiac surgery is an important advance in the treatment of endomyocardial disease in patients with or without an eosinophilia. PMID- 7295442 TI - Ascending aortic obstruction produced by dissected intimal flap. PMID- 7295443 TI - Acute myocardial infarction caused by blast injury of the chest. AB - A 51-year-old healthy man was hit in the chest by the shock-waves generated by an explosion, without being injured by any physical object. He felt immediate chest pain, but, in spite of electrocardiographic tracings highly suspicious for an acute anteroseptal infarction in the emergency room, he was discharged from hospital. The electrocardiogram recorded three weeks later was pathognomonic of anteroseptal infarction. Coronary arteriography performed four months later showed a complete obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery, with retrograde filling from the right coronary artery. It is assumed that the myocardial infarction was caused by the blast injury which induced an intimal tear and/or a subintimal haemorrhage in the left anterior descending artery with subsequent thrombosis. The lack of atherosclerosis in any other coronary arteries in this patient is noteworthy. PMID- 7295444 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension in leopard syndrome. PMID- 7295445 TI - Exercise first-pass radionuclide ventriculography in detection of coronary artery disease. PMID- 7295446 TI - Sodium nitroprusside and cyanide release: reasons for re-appraisal. AB - The standard method for estimating cyanide liberated from sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been colorimetric. Using a cyanide ion-selective electrode technique, it was found that SNP remained unchanged in the presence of whole blood, plasma and washed erythrocytes, no cyanide being detected. Previously reported releases of cyanide from SNP in vivo and in vitro are probably inaccurate. Values obtained could have arisen not from reaction with blood, but from photo-decomposition during the lengthy analysis required by the colorimetric method or during infusion, if the solution was left uncovered. Because of the supposed cyanide hazard, low doses of SNP have been recommended; it may now be possible to revise these. PMID- 7295447 TI - Controller anaesthesia: an approach using patient characteristics identified during uptake. AB - A system to control the alveolar anaesthetic concentration of patients undergoing halothane anaesthesia with controlled ventilation is described. Parameters characterizing the alveolar concentration response are determined on-line from breath-by-breath measurement of the inspired and end-tidal concentrations and the mixed venous anaesthetic partial pressure is estimated throughout the procedure. The method does not depend on the use of reference models or pre-programming and the inspired concentration required to control the alveolar concentration is determined as induction proceeds. Results using both computer simulations and data from patients undergoing routine clinical anaesthesia are analysed. Off-line verification results illustrate the operation of the technique and in 20 cases the inspired concentration, as controlled by the anaesthetist, was compared with that predicted by the automated system. These results indicate the feasibility of the system as a method for the control of anaesthesia. PMID- 7295448 TI - Impaired platelet aggregation and increased bleeding time during general anaesthesia with halothane. AB - A significant correlation was found between the inhibition produced by 1% halothane with nitrous oxide and oxygen on platelet aggregation in vitro and the increase in bleeding time during anaesthesia with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen in 10 patients. It is suggested that halothane in nitrous oxide with oxygen inhibits platelet aggregation in vivo and in vitro. The inhibition is not seen when platelet aggregation is studied in platelet-rich plasma from anaesthetized patients because the agents evaporate during preparation of platelet-rich plasma and during analysis in the aggregometer. PMID- 7295450 TI - Anaesthesia of the upper airway using topical anaesthetic and superior laryngeal nerve block. AB - Bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block was combined with topical application of local anaesthetic 140 times in 135 patients to anaesthetize the upper airway and facilitate tracheal intubation, laryngeal instrumentation, or to diminish the response to the endotracheal tube, in a patient already intubated. The technique was successful in 92% of attempts. PMID- 7295449 TI - Closing volume in normal pregnancy. AB - Closing volume and other principal lung volumes were measured during and after pregnancy in 10 healthy non-smoking women aged 18--25 yr. There were no significant changes on closing volume or closing capacity. A decrease in functional residual capacity as pregnancy progressed resulted in airway closure during tidal breathing in more than 50% of subjects at term when in a supine position, but this did not occur when they were seated. PMID- 7295452 TI - Use of lignocaine throat spray to reduce suxamethonium muscle pains. PMID- 7295451 TI - The Pathfinder High-Speed E.C.G. Analyser. Use in detection of arrhythmias during oral surgery. AB - Automatic analysis of arrhythmias from a tape recorded electrocardiogram (e.c.g.) is described, and its application to the detection and comparison of these during halothane and enflurane anesthesia is discussed. The results confirm that the use of enflurane during oral surgery produces much greater cardiac stability than the use of halothane. PMID- 7295453 TI - Bilateral vocal cord paralysis following endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7295455 TI - Johannesburg A--D circuit switch. PMID- 7295454 TI - Allergic reaction to an amide local anaesthetic. PMID- 7295456 TI - Effects of concentration of local anaesthetic drugs in extradural block. PMID- 7295457 TI - Repeat caesarean section associated with gross obesity. PMID- 7295458 TI - Effects of drugs on water metabolism. PMID- 7295459 TI - The Fourth Lilly Prize Lecture, University of Aberdeen, September 1980. The clinical pharmacology of clonidine and related central antihypertensive agents. PMID- 7295460 TI - Dose-related effects of phenobarbitone on human sleep-waking patterns. AB - 1 Twenty-four healthy male subjects had two consecutive drug nights at 2-week intervals using placebo and 80, 140 and 240 mg doses of phenobarbitone in a double-blind cross-over design. 2 Phenobarbitone produced significant dose related decreases in sleep latency and number of awakenings, along with increased total sleep time. 3 Both subjective and objective measures of sleep indicated the presence of cumulative (first v second night) effects of phenobarbitone, especially decreases in the number of awakenings and in delta waveform activity. 4 Measures of REM sleep were highly sensitive to phenobarbitone. The high dose decreased REM density to 30% of baseline on the first night and to 18% on the second night. 5 EEG alpha activity was decreased, beta activity was increased and sigma spindle activity was unaffected by phenobarbitone during sleep. 6 Subjects experienced some impairment of cognitive performance along with residual sedation the following morning. PMID- 7295461 TI - Intrathyroidal iodide binding rates and plasma methimazole concentrations in hyperthyroid patients on small doses of carbimazole. AB - 1 The effect of small doses of carbimazole on the binding rate constant of intrathyroidal iodide, plasma methimazole concentrations and circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in five hyperthyroid patients is presented. 2 In all patients there was a marked reduction in iodide binding with carbimazole doses as low as 5 to 10 mg daily. 3 In three patients little further reduction in the observed binding rate occurred with daily doses in excess of 10 mg despite progressive increases in plasma methimazole concentrations. 4 At the end of 4 weeks' treatment with 10 mg carbimazole daily, the reduction in thyroid hormone concentrations and clinical improvement were such as to suggest that this dose may be an effective starting dose in many patients. PMID- 7295462 TI - Direct measurement of chlormethiazole extraction by liver, lung and kidney in man. AB - 1 Chlormethiazole was used as a basal sedative for patients undergoing angiographic procedures. 2 Blood samples were drawn opportunistically to examine chlormethiazole extraction across liver, lungs and kidney. 3 Extraction across liver was typically 70-80% and apparently unrelated to input concentrations. Evidence for extraction across lung and kidney was inconclusive but these could each be approximately 20%. 4 Pharmacokinetics of chlormethiazole derived from compartment models were in accord with previous reports and were characterised by a high total body clearance (1-1.5 l/min). 5 Postural changes associated with the radiological procedures caused fluctuating blood concentrations which appear as noise in curve fitting procedures. 6 Pharmacokinetic properties derived from compartment theory cannot cope with these perturbations because of the restriction imposed by time averaging (i.e. mean clearances, half-lives and volumes are produced). Systematic studies of pharmacokinetic properties of perfusion-limited drugs such as chlormethiazole must be developed in such a way as to allow for independent variation of flow and extraction. PMID- 7295463 TI - The effect of labetalol and propranolol on the pressor response to sexual arousal in women. AB - 1 The effect of a single oral dose of labetalol (100 mg), propranolol (80 mg) and placebo on the pressor response to sexual autostimulation has been studied in six female volunteers. 2 Labetalol but not propranolol significantly reduced the increase in blood pressure that occurred at orgasm. 3 The subjective features of the sexual response were assessed by each subject using visual analogue scales. 4 Subjects reported a significant reduction in vaginal lubrication with labetalol compared to both placebo and propranolol. 5 No other effects were noted. PMID- 7295464 TI - Circulatory and metabolic effects of a combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocker (labetalol) in hypertension of pregnancy. AB - 1 Seven women with hypertension of pregnancy were given the combined alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug labetalol (50 mg i.v.) in their last trimester. Acute effects were studied for 3 h after administration. 2 Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced from 143 +/- 4 (s.e. mean) to 127 +/- 5 mmHg and from 101 +/- 2 to 88 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively. Maternal heart rate fell significantly from 77 +/- 5 to 68 +/- 3 beats/min. The changes remained during the 3 h of observation. Foetal heart rate was not affected. No side effects were encountered. 3 Plasma noradrenaline increased significantly from 1.54 +/- 0.16 to a peak value of 2.37 +/- 0.41 nmol/l suggesting sympathetic activation following labetalol. Plasma adrenaline levels were essentially unchanged. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide showed only minor changes. No major effects on lipid metabolism were seen except a significant fall of nonesterified fatty acids at 60 min. Plasma cyclic AMP increased significantly throughout the observation period, perhaps indicating beta-adrenoceptor agonist activity of labetalol. 4 The effectiveness of labetalol as an acute hypertensive agent together with apparent absence of metabolic disturbances and other side effects makes it an interesting drug for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy. PMID- 7295466 TI - The effects of oral acebutolol and propranolol on forearm blood flow in hypertensive patients. AB - 1 Nine hypertensive patients received by mouth daily doses of 400 mg of acebutolol and then, after a 2 week washout period, 80 mg of propranolol for 2 week periods in an open study. 2 Both treatments caused equivalent cardiac blockade as assessed by reduction in exercise tachycardia. 3 Both treatments lowered blood pressure, although this effect on pressure was better maintained in the case of acebutolol. 4 Forearm blood flow, at rest, was significantly reduced at 2 h after dosing with propranolol, but not after acebutolol. 5 This difference between the two drugs is probably due to the cardioselectivity of orally administered acebutolol in man. PMID- 7295465 TI - Blood pressure, body fluid volumes and glomerular filtration rate during treatment with labetalol in essential hypertension. AB - 1 In a single blind study seventeen patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension and normal renal function were treated with labetalol alone in increasing doses from 300 via 600 to 1200 mg daily. 2 Average supine BP (systolic/diastolic) was reduced by 24/19 mm Hg. Seven patients attained a diastolic BP less than or equal to Hg. A significant postural fall in systolic BP was recorded, but no symptomatic orthostatic hypotension occurred. 3 In twelve patients measurements of plasma volume (125I-albumin), extracellular volume (82Br space) and glomerular filtration rate (51Cr-EDTA clearance) on placebo and subsequently labetalol showed no systemic changes. 4 Side effects were few causing two withdrawals because of impotence and arthralgia. 5 It is concluded that monotherapy with labetalol results in clinically relevant, persistent and dose dependent reduction in BP in patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension, apparently without concomitant expansion of body fluid volumes or influence on glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7295467 TI - Effect of propranolol on noradrenaline kinetics in patients with essential hypertension. AB - 1 The rates of noradrenaline spillover to, and removal from, plasma were measured in ten patients with essential hypertension treated with propranolol, to ascertain if long-term administration of this drug reduces sympathetic nervous system tone. 2 The plasma clearance of noradrenaline fell with propranolol, leading to a small rise in the mean plasma noradrenaline concentration. Sympathetic nervous activity in treated patients cannot be reliably gauged from plasma noradrenaline values because these are distorted by the reduction in noradrenaline clearance. 3 There was no consistent effect on noradrenaline spillover rates, which fell in six patients, but rose in the remaining four. The magnitude of the antihypertensive response was unrelated to these changes in noradrenaline release. During propranolol treatment, noradrenaline spillover rates were in every case within the normal range, much higher than in patients treated with the known sympathetic nervous systems suppressant, clonidine. 4 The principal mode of antihypertensive action of propranolol is something often than central suppression of sympathetic tone or pre-synaptic inhibition of noradrenaline release. PMID- 7295468 TI - A study of the antihypertensive action of xipamide using ambulatory intra arterial monitoring. AB - 1 The antihypertensive activity of the diuretic xipamide has been studied in 18 patients with mild/moderate essential hypertension using the technique of continuous ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure recording. Full data from 48 h blood pressure recordings before and after treatment were available from 13 patients. 2 After a mean period of 3 months' treatment with xipamide 20 mg once daily, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were markedly reduced throughout the whole 24 h day, the reductions of systolic being statistically significant throughout the whole period, and of diastolic for 19 out of the 24 hourly periods measured. There was no postural hypotension seen during treatment and there was a conspicuous lack of side effects. 3 Xipamide would appear to be as effective as many beta-adrenoceptor blockers but without their side effects and produces a better control of blood pressure throughout the whole day and night. PMID- 7295469 TI - Systemic availability of oral verapamil and effect on PR interval in man. AB - 1 The plasma levels of verapamil and its major metabolite norverapamil were related to its effect as a Ca-antagonist on atrio-ventricular (AV) conduction, judged from prolongation of the PR interval in six normal volunteers. 2 Intravenous administration (0.1 mg kg-1) was compared to oral administration (120 mg) in each subject. 3 Intravenous verapamil showed a mean distribution half-life (alpha) of 8.5 min and elimination half-life (beta) of 2.0 h. The volume of distribution was about 112.1. Oral dosage gave an elimination half-life of 2.7 h, and a norverapamil half-life which averaged 4.6 h. The bioavailability of the oral dose averaged 22% (17 to 29%). 4 After the oral dose the percentage change in PR interval in the five appropriate subjects correlated significantly with the log plasma verapamil level (r = 0.732), but not with the log plasma norverapamil level (r = 0.078); norverapamil could not be detected after the intravenous dose. One subject developed Wenckebach type second degree AV block after each dose. PMID- 7295470 TI - Prazosin disposition in young and elderly subjects. AB - 1 The disposition of prazosin following oral and intravenous administration has been studied in seven young and seven elderly men, all of whom were in good health and living independently in the community. 2 The elimination half-life (min) of prazosin was 123 +/- 19.4 (s.d.) in the young and 194 +/- 36 in the elderly (P less than 0.01). 3 Clearance (ml min-1 kg-1) was 3.94 +/- 0.73 in the young and 3.53 +/- 1 in the elderly (P greater than 0.1). Volume of distribution at steady state (1 kg-1) was 0.63 +/- 0.14 in the young and 0.89 +/- 0.26 in the elderly (P less than 0.05). 4 The absolute bioavailability of orally administered prazosin was 0.68 +/- 0.17 in the young and 0.48 +/- 0.16 in the elderly (P less than 0.05). 5 The significant increase in prazosin half-life in the elderly results from an increased volume of distribution, not from decreased clearance. 6 Gastrointestinal absorption of prazosin decreases in old age. PMID- 7295471 TI - Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of dothiepin. AB - 1 Seven healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 75 mg dothiepin. Plasma concentrations of dothiepin were measured by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography. 2 The plasma concentrations obtained were fitted to the equation Ct = Ae-a(t-tau) + Be-beta(t-tau) - Ce-ka(t-tau). The mean peak concentration was 47(33-71) microgram/l at 3(2-5) h. Mean estimates were as follows: absorption half life 1.2(0.07-3.0) h, distribution half-life 2.6(1.1-3.8) h, elimination half-life 22(14-40) h, apparent volume of distribution 45(20-92) l/kg, and oral clearance 1.36(0.88-1.8) l kg-1 h-1. 3 Blood concentrations of dothiepin were measured in comparison in five of the volunteers. The mean blood/plasma ratio was 0.7(0.6-0.8). 4 Plasma and blood concentrations of northiaden and blood concentrations of dothiepin S-oxide, two metabolites of dothiepin, were also measured. Dothiepin S-oxide was the major metabolic reaching a peak level of 81(34-150) microgram/l at 5(4-6) h. In comparison, northiaden reached a peak concentration of only 10 (3-21) microgram/l at 5 (4-9) h. The mean half-life of elimination of dothiepin S-oxide was 19 (13-35) h while that for northiaden was 33 (22-60) h. PMID- 7295472 TI - Is the measurement of blood cimetidine levels useful? AB - 1 Blood cimetidine levels were measured up to 5 h after oral intake of 200 mg cimetidine with breakfast in 13 duodenal, 5 gastric and 15 anastomotic ulcer patients. 2 There were larger inter individual differences in results. The mean peak blood concentrations was 1.14 +/- 0.07 microgram/ml (range 0.54-1.94 microgram/ml), the mean period during which the blood concentration exceeded 0.5 microgram/ml was 141 +/- 11 min (range 23-306 min) and the mean area under the cimetidine blood concentration curve (AUC) was 166 +/- 8 microgram ml-1 min (range 96-280 microgram ml-1 min). Coefficient of variation of these parameters was 33%, 43% and 29% respectively. 3 There were no significant differences in these parameters between non-operated patients and patients with a partial gastrectomy. 4 In 11 patients restudied after 2 to 5 months blood cimetidine levels proved well reproducible; mean coefficient of variation of peak blood levels was 8.5 +/- 2.4%, of time during which blood levels exceeded 0.5 microgram/ml 7.6 +/- 2.5% and of the AUC 5.0 +/- 1.0%. 5 There was no difference in peak blood levels, duration of blood level exceeding 0.5 microgram/ml and blood cimetidine AUC between 24 patients healed after 4 weeks cimetidine therapy and 9 in whom healing took longer. Likewise, there was no evidence of lower blood cimetidine concentrations in 9 patients who relapsed during maintenance cimetidine treatment compared with 24 who did not relapse. PMID- 7295473 TI - The effect of diflunisal on hyaluronic acid production by 'activated' human synovial fibroblasts. AB - 1 Cultured human synovial fibroblasts were 'activated' by leucocytes or poly (I) . poly (C) to overproduce hyaluronic acid. 2 Diflunisal in concentrations of 30, 15 and 10 microgram/ml completely abrogated the overproduction of hyaluronic acid induced by leucocytes. 3 Diflunisal (10 microgram/ml), indomethacin (2 microgram/ml) and aspirin (200 microgram/ml) partially inhibited the overproduction of hyaluronic acid induced by poly (I) . poly (C), although none of them decreased it to control non 'activated' levels. 4 Diflunisal 25 microgram/ml completely abrogated hyaluronic acid overproduction induced by poly (I) . poly (C). 5 This model could be an in vitro indicator for in vivo pharmacological levels of anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7295474 TI - The penetration of acebutolol and its major metabolite, diacetolol, into human cerebrospinal fluid and saliva. PMID- 7295475 TI - Microsomal enzyme induction after halothane anaesthesia. PMID- 7295476 TI - Intraoperative pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone. PMID- 7295477 TI - Erythrocyte and plasma aspirin esterase. PMID- 7295478 TI - The characterisation and quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography of the metabolites of taurolin. PMID- 7295480 TI - Ten years of The Medicines Act. PMID- 7295479 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a single evening dose of slow release theophylline in patients with chronic lung disease. PMID- 7295481 TI - U.K. drug control: retrospect and prospect. PMID- 7295482 TI - Assessment of natriuretic drugs. PMID- 7295483 TI - The effects of intravenous prenalterol on ventricular performance, as assessed by radionuclide ventriculography, in patients with ischaemic heart disease. AB - 1 We have observed the effects of intravenous prenalterol (1 mg and 2 mg) on ventricular performance, assessed by radionuclide ventriculography, in nine patients with ischaemic heart disease with varying degrees of impairment of ventricular performance. In seven of these patients the effects of prenalterol were compared with those of isoprenaline infused at 1 microgram/min. 2 Prenalterol caused no significant increase in heart rate, but systolic blood pressure increased by 26% (P less than 0.002). In contrast, isoprenaline caused heart rate to increase by 22% (P less than 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure to fall by 9% (P less than 0.01). 3 Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased with both drugs, but the increase was greater with isoprenaline, as was the fall in the ratio mean ejection time: left ventricular ejection time, which is an index of improved ventricular performance. 4 Because of the increased heart rate and stroke volume produced by isoprenaline, cardiac output increased 45% above control values (P less than 0.001), but the increase in cardiac output after prenalterol did not reach statistical significance. 5 In three patients with very poor ventricular function (LVEF less than 0.30) prenalterol had little effect on ejection fraction, and caused increased regional ventricular dyskinesia. 6 The increase in systolic blood pressure, and therefore cardiac afterload brought about by prenalterol may limit ventricular response. The response might be enhanced by the addition of vasodilator therapy. PMID- 7295484 TI - Modelling theophylline response in individual patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - 1 In six patients with chronic bronchitis, serial changes in both ventilatory function and plasma theophylline concentrations were measured simultaneously for 8 h following 500 mg aminophylline intravenously. 2 Using empirical mathematical models which can integrate this data, parameters were estimated which can express response as a linear function of steady state plasma theophylline levels. 3 Taking Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) as the target response, the mean (+/- s.d.) increase in FVC was 0.06 +/- 0.02 l/micrograms ml-1, starting with pretreatment values in the range 1-21. 4 This analytical approach could be used to determine whether or not a patient with chronic bronchitis could obtain a satisfactory response to theophylline at plasma levels normally encountered in clinical practice. PMID- 7295485 TI - Long-term cyclophosphamide treatment in rheumatoid patients: effects on serum sulphydryl levels, technetium index, ESR and clinical response. AB - 1 After 12 months cyclophosphamide administration the serum sulphydryl concentrations increased in all of twelve rheumatoid patients treated, and returned towards the normal range in eleven. 2 A decrease was observed in the technetium index, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and joint count. 3 Long term cyclophosphamide-induced serum SH increase may represent a specific change in the process of the rheumatoid disease activity, possibly involving the pathogenic B cells. PMID- 7295486 TI - Epoxide hydrolase activity in human skin. AB - 1 Epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity was measured in biopsied skin (n = 42) using 7 [H3]-styrene oxide as substrate, and separation of the products by high performance liquid chromatography. 2 EH activity (mean +/- s.d.) was present in separated epidermis (139 +/- 105 pmol glycol formed mg-1 min-1) and dermis (165 +/- 120 pmol glycol formed mg-1 microsomal protein min-1). 3 Whole skin EH activity (mean +/- s.d.) varied widely (433 +/- 254 pmol glycol formed mg-1 microsomal protein min-1) 4 No significant difference in EH activity was observed in skin from breast, penis and leg. 5 Skin EH activity does not appear to contribute significantly to the systemic metabolism of epoxide, but may be important in determining the effects of epoxides formed within the epidermis. PMID- 7295487 TI - Human platelet function as a model for investigating the clinical efficacy of chlorpromazine. AB - 1 Enhancement of platelet aggregation response (PAR) to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) in some schizophrenic patients receiving chlorpromazine (CPZ) may provide a biological index for the efficacy of this drug. 2 In a double-blind study 33 schizophrenic patients hospitalized following their first psychotic breakdown were followed up clinically with concurrent assessment of their PAR to 5-HT. The patients followed a standardized treatment schedule with (CPZ) as the sole antipsychotic medication. 3 Twelve patients (Group A) developed an enhanced biphasic 5-HT PAR, within 2-3 weeks and improved clinically by the sixth week. In most cases, the appearance of the enhanced biphasic PAR preceded clinical improvement. Twenty-one patients (Group B) did not have enhanced biphasic PAR to 5-HT by the sixteenth week of treatment. However, twelve subjects from this group showed clinical response to CPZ by the end of this period, while the remaining patients did not improve. 4 The enhanced PAR to 5-HT in Group A discriminated best between good and bad outcome cases when Feighner's research diagnostic criteria were used. We could not confirm the previous reports of platelet aggregation response to dopamine in pre- or post-chlorpromazine treatment. PMID- 7295488 TI - The distribution of propranolol, pindolol and atenolol between human erythrocytes and plasma. AB - 1 This study aimed (1) to measure the whole blood to plasma (WB:P) and red blood cell to plasma (RBC:P) concentration ratios of propranolol in healthy volunteers and two types of patients, and (2) to compare the concentration ratios of the lipophilic drug propranolol with moderately lipophilic pindolol and hydrophilic atenolol. 2 There was no significant difference between the WB:P and RBC:P ratios of propranolol concentration in healthy volunteers and neurological patients compared with hypertensive patients. The mean +/- s.d. WB:P ratios of propranolol concentration in the three groups were 0.74 +/- 0.03, 0.71 +/- 0.05, and 0.76 +/- 0.08 respectively. The mean RBC:P ratios were 0.39 +/- 0.08, 0.36 +/- 0.11, and 0.47 +/- 0.15 respectively. WB:P and RBC:P concentration ratios of propranolol were linearly correlated with the free fraction of drug in plasma. Propranolol was 90% bound in plasma. 3 The mean WB:P and RBC:P ratios of pindolol in seven volunteers were 0.69 +/- 0.08 and 0.37 +/- 0.14 respectively. Pindolol was 71.4 +/- 8.6% bound to plasma proteins. The concentration of pindolol in the RBC was linearly correlated with that unbound in plasma. 4 In four healthy volunteers, the mean WB:P concentration ratio of atenolol was 1.07 +/- 0.25 and the mean RBC:P ratio was 1.15 +/- 0.55. 5 The similarity of the RBC:free plasma drug concentration ratios for all three drugs suggests that the use of organic solvent partition coefficients for the prediction of in vivo distribution may be unreliable. PMID- 7295489 TI - Observations on the clinical pharmacology and plasma concentrations of diacetolol, the major human metabolite of acebutolol. AB - 1 The pharmacological effects and plasma levels of diacetolol, the major human metabolite of acebutolol, were measured in a double-blind, balanced study in which five healthy men received single oral doses of diacetolol 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg, or placebo, at weekly intervals. 2 Resting and exercise heart rate (HR), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), resting and exercise peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and plasma concentrations of diacetolol were determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h after each treatment. 3 Diacetolol caused a slight dose related reduction in resting HR and a substantial dose-related reduction in exercise HR. AT the same time it was found that diacetolol had no significant effects on FEV1 and resting and exercise PEFR. 4 Mean highest observed plasma concentrations (ng/ml) of diacetolol were 177 at a mean of 4.4 h after the 100 mg dose, 243 at 4.0 h after the 200 mg dose, 807 at 5.2 h after the 400 mg dose, and 1,306 at 4.4 h after the 800 mg dose. 5 Using the mean data, there was a strong correlation (r = 0.90) between % reduction in exercise HR and the logarithm of the plasma concentration of diacetolol. 6 Diacetolol exhibits marked cardiac beta adrenoceptor blocking activity in man which is still evident 24 h after the administration of the higher doses of the drug. No adverse effects on pulmonary function could be detected. PMID- 7295490 TI - Cardiovascular effects in man of intravenous prizidilol hydrochloride (SK&F 92657); a new antihypertensive agent. AB - 1 Cardiovascular responses to intravenous prizidilol hydrochloride (SK&F 92657) 0.86 mg/kg were studied in eight supine resting healthy volunteers. Five subjects were slow and the remaining three were fast acetylators of sulphamethazine. Compared with pre-infusion values, mean resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly reduced, while mean resting pulse rate was significantly increased at 30 min after the start of the twenty minute infusion. 2 During the 6 h study period the lowest mean +/- s.e. mean systolic blood pressure (108.8 +/- 1.7) was recorded 30 min after the start of the infusion. This represented a mean reduction of 5.2 mmHg. Reductions in mean diastolic blood pressure were greater and of longer duration, the lowest mean value (44.8 +/- 2.0 mmHg) being recorded 3.5 h after the start of the infusion and representing a reduction of 18.5 mmHg from the pre-dosing value. At 6 h after the start of the infusion mean diastolic blood pressure was still significantly reduced (by 15.3 mmHg). 3 The maximum mean +/- s.e. mean resting pulse rate (79.3 +/- 4.4 beats/min) occurred 3 h after the start of the infusion, an increase of 23.0 beats/min over the pre-infusion value. At the end of the study the pulse rate was still significantly raised (by 17.7 beats/min). 4 The left ventricular ejection fraction, evaluated in five subjects, 45 min after the start of the infusion, was not altered by prizidilol hydrochloride, but the left ventricular area decreased significantly. 5 Intravenous prizidilol hydrochloride decreases resting blood pressure and left ventricular area, increases pulse rate and has virtually no effect on left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID- 7295491 TI - Long-term low dose haloperidol treatment in rheumatoid patients: effects on serum sulphydryl levels, technetium index, ESR, and clinical response. PMID- 7295493 TI - A simplified method for the estimation of mianserin in plasma. PMID- 7295492 TI - Hypoglycaemia induced by azapropazone-tolbutamide interaction. PMID- 7295496 TI - Disposition of metoprolol in the newborn. PMID- 7295495 TI - The effect of nitrazepam and other hypnotics on platelet 5-HT uptake. PMID- 7295494 TI - Comparison of single and divided daily dose spironolactone in the control of hypertension. PMID- 7295497 TI - A pharmacokinetic comparison between different slow-release formulations of metoprolol (Lopresor SR and Betaloc SA) PMID- 7295498 TI - Gallstone dissolution. PMID- 7295499 TI - The role of antibiotic prophylaxis in biliary surgery. PMID- 7295500 TI - Chronic gastric volvulus--aetiology and treatment. PMID- 7295501 TI - The Holmes-Adie syndrome--a report of three cases and observations on its natural history. PMID- 7295502 TI - An unusual presentation of intestinal malrotation in an adult. PMID- 7295503 TI - Use of haematological screening in elderly patients. PMID- 7295504 TI - Cardiotocographic evidence of uterine rupture in labour. PMID- 7295505 TI - Progressive supra-nuclear palsy. PMID- 7295506 TI - Complications of ischio-rectal abscesses. PMID- 7295507 TI - Promotion of fibrosarcoma cell growth by products of syngeneic host macrophages. AB - Cells from a C57BL/cbi chemically induced fibrosarcoma (FS6) require exogenous platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for in vitro proliferation (as do normal "untransformed" fibroblasts) whereas cells obtained from the FS6M1 tumour, a spontaneous metastasizing subline, show autonomy from PDGF in vitro. Furthermore, the FS6 cells exhibit very low colony formation in an anchorage-independent growth assay. In vivo, this tumour is immunogenic, rarely metastasizes and is heavily infiltrated by host macrophages. Studies of in vitro cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth show that syngeneic host macrophages from the peritoneal cavity or from the growing tumour release a diffusible factor(s) which has (1) growth-stimulating activity on FS6 cells in monolayer cultures in PDGF poor medium and (2) potent colony-stimulating activity on FS6 cell cultured in methyl-cellulose-containing medium. These macrophage supernatants stimulate proliferation of quiescent normal fibroblasts in monolayer culture as well as FS6 sarcoma cells, but do not stimulate anchorage-independent growth of normal cells. Supernatants from BCG-elicited macrophages were shown to contain abundant arginase, and were cytolytic to FS6 cells but not to normal cells. Heat inactivation abrogated the arginase and cytotoxicity, revealing heat-stable mitogenicity for FS6 cells and normal fibroblasts. The stimulatory effect of macrophages on FS6 sarcoma cells can be mimicked by the addition of the tumour promoter 12-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and supports the hypothesis that macrophages could play a significant role in multistage carcinogenesis by providing a source of endogenous promoter. PMID- 7295508 TI - Tumour-associated antigens reacting with cytotoxic antibodies in serum of hepatoma-bearing rats. AB - 3M-KCl extracts of the hepatoma D23 contain antigens that inhibit the complement dependent cytotoxicity for D23 hepatoma cells of serum from D23 tumour-bearing rats (D23 TBS). Inhibition was not due to a general anticomplementary activity of the extracts. Although a minor part (25%) of the protein of D23-KCl extract was insoluble in PBS, this part contained most of the inhibitory activity. Fractionation of the PBS-soluble material of the extract on Concanavalin A Sepharose showed that the inhibitory activity did not bind to the lectin. Analysis of D23-KCl extracts on a Sepharose CL-4B column showed that the antigens involved in the cytotoxicity were heterogeneously distributed in the high-mol. wt region (greater than 200,000). Precipitation with 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) of D23 KCl extracts revealed that most of the antigenicity was insoluble in TCA. Heating of D23 KCl extracts at 100 degrees C did not affect the antigenicity. Enzyme treatment of D23 extra nuclear membranes (D23 ENP) revealed that the inhibitory activity was not sensitive to proteolytic digestion, while treatment with phospholipase A2, C or D abrogated partly the inhibitory activity. The lipid nature of the antigenicity was indicated by its solubility in organic solvents as chloroform or n-butanol. PMID- 7295509 TI - Corynebacterium parvum stimulation of adherent and non-adherent cytotoxic cells in mice. AB - Two naturally occurring cytotoxic cell populations have been identified in the peritoneal cavity of mice inoculated with C. parvum (CP), and are distinguishable on the basis of target-cell reactivity and intrinsic properties. The first effector cell was non-adherent to nylon wool and glass and non-phagocytic. These cells were selectively cytotoxic to the NK-sensitive target cell line K562, and present in the peritoneal cavity of mice 2 days after treatment with 700 micrograms of CP. The second cytotoxic effector cell was adherent to nylon wool and glass, and killed EL4 lymphoma cells derived from in vivo tumour transplants; these target cells are susceptible to phagocytic cell killing, but not NK-cell cytotoxicity in short-term (4h) assays. The adherent cytotoxic population of effector cells was present 4 days after inoculation of CP. In vivo studies showed that CP injected i.p. induced resistance to i.p. challenge with lymphoma EL4 cells, but no resistance was evident when the challenge dose was administered s.c. Adoptive-transfer studies showed that the effector cell type responsible for inhibiting tumour growth was nylon-wool adherent, probably CP-activated macrophages. PMID- 7295510 TI - Comparison of two soft-agar methods for assaying chemosensitivity of human tumours in vitro: malignant melanomas. AB - Two soft-agar methods for assaying chemosensitivity of human cancers in vitro were compared with respect to colony morphology, plating efficiency (PE) and chemosensitivity of human melanomas. In 9 xenografts and 9 patients' biopsy specimens Method A (essentially that of Courtenay & Mills, 1978) gave considerably higher PE that Method B (essentially that of Hamburger & Salmon, 1977) and, in contrast to Method B, the number of colonies was proportional to the number of cells plated. Evidence was obtained that the observed differences in PE could be attributed to the low O2 concentration and the presence of rat red blood cells in Method A. Colony morphology was similar in the 2 assays. When cells from 4 xenografted melanomas were treated in vitro with DTIC, CCNU, vinblastine and abrin, and the inhibition of colony formation was assayed concurrently in the 2 soft-agar methods, the tumour cells appeared to be more sensitive to 3 of the drugs in Method B than in A. The results demonstrate that chemosensitivity data obtained with the 2 assays cannot be directly compared. PMID- 7295511 TI - Tumour spectrum in the FAMMM syndrome. AB - The Familial Atypical Multiple Mole-Melanoma Syndrome (FAMMM) is characterized by an autosomal dominantly inherited susceptibility to multiple atypical naevi. Patients with this hereditary phenotype show a strong susceptibility to cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Our investigation of an extended Dutch kindred showing the FAMMM phenotype revealed a proband with bilateral intraocular malignant melanoma (IOM) and multiple CMM. The family revealed an array of tumours which included carcinoma of the lung, skin, larynx, and breast in addition to CMM and IOM, which were transmitted vertically through 3 generations. There was male-to male transmission, and the number of affected males and females was about the same, which was consistent with an autosomal dominant inheritance. Thus the FAMMM syndrome not only indicates a potential for CMM, but a susceptibility to other systemic cancers as well. These observations, though limited to a single kindred, merit a painstaking evaluation of cancer of all anatomical sites in other kindreds showing the FAMMM syndrome. Such studies could yield clues to cancer aetiology, pathogenesis, and control. PMID- 7295512 TI - Proliferation of preneoplastic lesions after discontinuation of chronic DEN feeding in the development of hepatomas in rat. AB - Diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 10 mg/kg/day) was fed to rats for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. At different times after feeding with DEN was stopped, growth of preneoplastic lesions has been correlated with pathological evolution (preneoplastic foci, neoplastic nodules and hepatomas). The proliferating fraction in the foci, the cell content, and relative volume of foci increase as a function of the duration of the treatment. The proliferating fraction increases evenly throughout the liver, but, in all experimental modalities, preneoplastic cells show a proliferative advantage over the phenotypically normal tissue. In each experimental group, the proliferative rate correlates with the pathological evolution. After 2 weeks of DEN feeding the growth activity of foci remains very low, and neoplastic nodules are not detectable until the median time of death (14 months). After 4 and 6 weeks, a critical size of the foci is reached, corresponding to the neoplastic transformation, and an increased labelling index is triggered in the lesions and in the phenotypically normal tissue. It is speculated that the "growth pressure" induced by the first carcinogen treatment, associated with the subsequent disturbance of the mitotic control regulation, may be implicated in the process of malignant transformation of preneoplastic lesions. PMID- 7295514 TI - Effects of nandrolone decanoate on the toxicity and anti-tumour action of CCNU and FU in murine tumours. AB - Pre-treatment with the anabolic steroid nandrolone decanoate (ND) increases the LD50 of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) and 5-Fluorouracil (FU) in NMRI mice. Administration of ND did not affect the anti-tumour action of CCNU against a transplantable mouse adenocarcinoma of the colon (MAC 13) or the anti-tumour action of FU against MAC 26. In both tumour lines ND had no significant effect on tumour growth. These data suggest that an increase in the anti-tumour selectivity of these agents may be produced by pre-treatment with ND. PMID- 7295513 TI - Resistance to the cytocidal effects of adriamycin is an early phenotypic change induced during hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - Resistance to the cytocidal action of Adriamycin (ADR) was induced in rat hepatocytes by incorporation of the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) into the rat diet. Using a quantitative assay in primary monolayer culture, it was demonstrated that resistance to ADR is an early phenotypic change that is induced during chemical carcinogenesis in the rat, and appears to be stable. PMID- 7295515 TI - Effect of stereoisomers related to ICRF-159 on metastasis of B16 melanoma. AB - The antitumour effects of ICRF-159 and related analogues were evaluated using the B16 melanoma. Treatment of mice with ICRF-159 inhibited tumour growth, while each of the analogues, trans-4,4(1)-(1,2-cyclopropandiyl) bis (2,6-piperazinedione) (trans-5), and cis-4,4(1)-(1,2-cyclopropandiyl) bis (2,6-piperazinedione) (cis-7) independently accelerated primary tumour growth. Pretreatment of B16 melanoma cultures either with ICRF-159 or the analogue cis-7 decreased the yield of lung colonies following i.v. injection of tumour cells. In contrast, pretreatment of tumour cells with the trans-5 analogue led to an increase in lung colonies. The effect on colony formation in vitro of these analogues correlated with increased growth in vivo, and not with lung colony formation. PMID- 7295516 TI - Phenytoin-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of misonidazole in radiotherapy patients. PMID- 7295517 TI - Mechanisms of vinyl chloride carcinogenicity/mutagenicity. PMID- 7295518 TI - Does the lung work? 1, on the respiratory behaviour of a bathroom sponge. PMID- 7295519 TI - Transbronchial lung biopsy with the fibreoptic bronchoscope: analysis of results in 433 patients. AB - Transbronchial lung biopsy was performed via the fibreoptic bronchoscope in 433 patients. In 183 patients, whose chest radiographs showed bilateral diffuse shadows a histologic diagnosis was established by transbronchial biopsy in 61%, including sarcoidosis (58), fibrosing alveolitis (18) and carcinoma (14). Histologically normal lung or inadequate pulmonary tissue for diagnosis was obtained from 71 patients in this group. In 225 patients with solitary chest radiography opacity, a diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma was finally made in 130, of whom 82 (63%) had a histological diagnosis established by transbronchial biopsy. In 84 patients finally shown to have sarcoidosis, 65 (77%) had positive histology by transbronchial biopsy whereas only 19 (40%) of 48 patients with fibrosing alveolitis yielded histology compatible with the diagnosis. Pneumothorax developed in three patients after the procedure but only one required intercostal drainage. Haemorrhage of 50-100 ml occurred in seven patients and bleeding ceased spontaneously in all cases. There were no fatalities. PMID- 7295520 TI - The site of airflow limitation in asthma: the effect of time, acute exacerbations of disease and clinical features. AB - We have used the helium/oxygen technique to assess the main site of airflow obstruction in patients with asthma. Of 14 out-patients with asthma studied serially (minimum of three observations over 5-12 months) 10 remained either responders or non-responders to helium/oxygen (He/O2) on each occasion tested, despite variations in severity of airflow obstruction. Four out of six patients studied during an acute exacerbation of asthma were initially non-responders to He/O2 but became responders during recovery. The response to He/O2 of these and 15 other patients with asthma was compared with a variety of clinical features. There was a statistically significant decline in flow rate response to He/O2 breathing with increased length of history of asthma, but no differences in smoking history, are, sex or atopic status between the responders and non responders. This implies a progressive involvement of smaller peripheral airways during the course of the disease. Perhaps more systematic treatment of young asthmatics would prevent this. PMID- 7295522 TI - A comparison of antibody responses to Admune inactivated influenza vaccine in serum and respiratory secretions of healthy non-smokers, healthy cigarette smokers and patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - Admune inactivated influenza vaccine was administered intramuscularly to 31 healthy subjects (18 non-smokers and 13 cigarette smokers) and 30 patients with chronic bronchitis. Homologous haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres were measured in serum and respiratory secretions over a three-month post vaccination period. Clinical reactions to the vaccine were recorded during the week following vaccination. Among healthy subjects cigarette smoking did not influence HI antibody responses in serum and nasal secretion following vaccination. Chronic bronchitics produced at least as much serum and nasal antibody as healthy subjects and their sputum and nasal secretion antibody responses were comparable. Clinical reactions to the vaccine were mild and well tolerated in all groups but seven patients with chronic bronchitis (23%) experienced increased respiratory symptoms during the week following vaccination. PMID- 7295521 TI - Mucus secretion by the epithelium of the bronchioles of cigarette smokers. AB - Pieces of tissue were obtained from lungs removed surgically from patients who were long-term cigarette smokers. The lung tissue was placed in culture medium containing 35SO4 or 3H glucosamine and exposed to 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37 degree C for varying periods of time. The tissue was then fixed and autoradiographs prepared. Autoradiographs performed after four hours' incubation with the radio isotope demonstrated a large number of grains in the lumen of the bronchioles with a lesser number of grains over the epithelial cells. Pulse chase studies showed migration of the labelled material from a paranuclear location to the lumen during the four-hour period of incubation. The study provides evidence for mucus secretion by the epithelium of the bronchioles of cigarette smokers. PMID- 7295523 TI - Asthma variation with menstruation. AB - One hundred and two female asthmatic patients responded to a questionnaire concerning the relationship between their asthma symptoms and the menstrual cycle. Thirty-six subjects stated that their asthma worsened just prior to or at the time of their menses. Daily monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) showed a significant reduction at the time of menstruation in those who worsened compared with those subjects who were unaffected. Cycle length was significantly shorter in the group who worsened but the duration of the menses was not significantly different. PMID- 7295524 TI - Haemoptysis and non-organic upper airways obstruction in a patient with previously undiagnosed Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 7295525 TI - Cough syncope: a complication of adult whooping cough. PMID- 7295526 TI - Alterations in spleen growth and sequestering function in animals receiving trypan blue. AB - Trypan-blue-induced alterations in spleen size and sequestering activity were studied in rats as possible experimental counterparts of the splenic enlargement and dysfunction associated with lymphomas in man. The spleen was examined radiographically and histologically following the i.v. administration of tantalum particles in animals receiving 4-17 s.c. injections of trypan blue at fort nightly intervals and in control animals. Spleen size and sequestering activity increased in all rats receiving trypan blue. Histological studies demonstrated that an increase in mechanical filtration was responsible for the dysfunction. Tantalum was deposited extracellularly in perifollicular marginal zones in both experimental and control animals but these areas were much more prominent in experimental animals, contained more tantalum and retained the particles for longer periods. PMID- 7295527 TI - Simple estimation of macrophage activity in tumour-bearing animals treated with Corynebacterium parvum. AB - The effects of Corynebacterium parvum on the reticuloendothelial system and on tumour growth have been known for many years. The causes of these effects have been the subject of many hypotheses and we here discuss a new method of evaluating macrophage activity and some of its components. These studies show that in macrophage activation the degree of enzymic activity and the cell size are more important than the number of cells present and that by giving silica concurrently it is macrophage enzyme activity and cell size that one affects and not cell number. Consequently, it is of no use simply to count macrophages in a section in studies of this system. PMID- 7295528 TI - Role of viable mycoplasmas in the pathogenesis of arthritis induced by M. pulmonis. AB - The role of viable M. pulmonis organism in the pathogenesis of both the acute and chronic phases of M. pulmonis-induced arthritis was examined. In the acute phase of the arthritis most clinically involved joints contained organisms and the degree of clinical arthritis in a given joint correlated with the number of organisms isolated. The more severe the acute arthritis, the more frequently the M. pulmonis organism was isolated from the joints during the chronic phase. In the chronic phase, arthritis defined histologically correlated with the presence of M. pulmonis organisms within a given joint. No correlation was observed between clinical arthritis during the chronic phase and histopathology or the presence of M. pulmonis organisms within the joint. In chronically infected mice, M. pulmonis was isolated from the joints only but not from the blood, liver, spleen, lung or kidney of any mouse examined. The results support the concept that viable organisms play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the acute and chronic phases of M. pulmonis-induced arthritis in mice. PMID- 7295529 TI - The passage to the foetus and liquor amnii of ethanol administered orally to the pregnant mouse. AB - The relationship between the time of oral administration of a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol and its concentration in the blood and urine was determined in a group of non-pregnant mice. The ethanol concentration was also determined in the maternal blood, foetuses and liquor amnii in female mice to which ethanol had been administered on the 18th day of pregnancy. In the pregnant females peak ethanol levels were achieved first in the maternal blood, then in the foetuses and slightly later in the amniotic fluid. Unilateral ligation of the uterine vessels markedly delayed the amount of ethanol reaching the foetuses and liquor. The present experimental system may provide a model for the human phenomenon of "binge" drinking. PMID- 7295530 TI - Kidney and bladder calculi in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Naturally occurring kidney stones are rare in animals. The Japanese strains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are normotensive at birth but develop high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia as they mature. The SHR strain is prone to develop kidney stones. A unique sub-strain of SHR has been developed in which some animals develop hypothalamic obesity concomitantly with their rising blood pressure, i.e. Obese/SHR. The Obese/SHR characteristically develop microscopic kidney stones which become detached at an early stage of formation, migrate to the bladder, and grow by concretion into huge, rounded calculi. The stone nidus starts as a subepithelial cyst-like focus containing oedema, colloidal acidic mucoprotein, and red and white blood cells suspended on a delicate network of fibrils. THe nidi grow by concretion of an admixture of calcium and acidic protein in a lamellar arrangement. The disparate morphogenesis and anatomic location of kidney stones in Obese is opposed to non-obese/SHR suggest that calculus formation may be governed by specific differences in genetic programming. The incidence of kidney stones parallels the severity and chronicity of the hypertension in SHR, non-obese and Obese/SHR, and the Cushingoid habitus in the Obese/SHR. PMID- 7295531 TI - A morphological study of the effects of indomethacin, flufenamate, salicylate and calcium ions on rabbit peritoneal neutrophil polymorphs. AB - Rabbit peritoneal neutrophil polymorphs have been examined by transmission electron microscopy to determine the effects of removing and replacing extracellular calcium. Degranulation, disruption of the cell membrane and vesiculation are all more marked in the presence of calcium than in its absence. Cooling the cells to 4 degrees has a protective effect. The addition of indomethacin, flufenamate or salicylate to a calcium-free incubating medium decreases degranulation, protects the membrane and reduces vesiculation, particularly at 4 degrees. When extracellular calcium is replaced at 37 degrees indomethacin and salicylate slightly reduce the amount of degranulation; flufenamate and salicylate significantly reduce the signs of damage. Higher concentrations of indomethacin and flufenamate cause considerable degranulation and damage. When extracellular calcium is present in the incubating medium throughout, the addition of indomethacin, flufenamate or salicylate shows varying effects. High concentrations of all these drugs, however, cause extensive degranulation and damage. PMID- 7295532 TI - Selective injury to rat liver Kupffer cells caused by beryllium phosphate: an explanation of reticuloendothelial blockade. AB - The i.v. administration of suspensions of beryllium phosphate (5-50 mumol/kg) to rats resulted in the vacuolation of hepatic Kupffer cells within 3 h. After 6 h necrotic Kupffer cells were common throughout the sinusoids of the liver but no changes were detected in the hepatic parenchymal cells during this period. A significant reduction in the numbers of intrasinusoidal cells was observed 14 h after treatment but this population had reverted to normal within 24 h. The administration of colloidal carbon to treated animals at this time did, however, demonstrate a reduction in the complement of functional endocytic cells. These results demonstrate a selective destruction of endocytic cells in the liver by this particulate toxin and the limited response by the organ to this injury. These observations are the most probable explanation for the reticuloendothelial blockade known to be caused in vivo by beryllium phosphate. PMID- 7295533 TI - The effect of dietary fructose and diabetes on the rat kidney. AB - To determine whether the fructose moiety of sucrose or the lack of some factor essential for the integrity of the microvascular system is responsible for the development of sucrose-induced glomerulosclerosis, a series of diets with or without such a factor and/or fructose was fed to rats over a 6-month period. Consumption of diets containing or yielding fructose caused a significant increase in kidney weight in comparison with glucose-yielding diets. Diabetic animals also exhibited an increased kidney weight. The incidence of diffuse glomerulosclerosis, tubular damage and lymphocyte infiltration was increased in the starch-diabetic, fructose- and sucrose-normal groups. Diabetic MRC 41B- and normal MRC 41B/fructose-, MRC 41B-, glucose- and starch-fed rats (with the exception of one animal in the latter group) did not develop these kidney lesions. Sucrose-, in comparison with starch-ingestion was found to produce significant increases in blood fructose and kidney fructose-1-phosphate concentration. The results are discussed in relation to blood-glucose concentration, renal-fructose metabolism and the development of glomerular and tubular damage. PMID- 7295534 TI - Ascitic starch phagocytosis in experimental guinea-pig peritonitis. AB - Phagocytosis of starch granules in ascitic fluid was sought in guinea-pigs 1 to 10 days after i.p. injection of a suspension of starch powder. Starch phagocytosis occurred in 75.9% of control animals with free peritoneal fluid. It probably represents a nonspecific reaction to the particulate nature of starch granules. Guinea-pigs sensitized to starch by nuchal inoculation of an emulsion of Freund's adjuvant and starch showed no increase in frequency or intensity of ascitic starch phagocytosis beyond that seen in control animals. Since only sensitized animals develop granulomatous peritonitis, ascitic starch phagocytosis is thus not indicative of granulomatous hypersensitivity peritonitis. This experimental model suggests that examination of ascitic fluid is not a reliable clinical investigation to establish a diagnosis of human granulomatous starch peritonitis. PMID- 7295536 TI - Comparative lung pathology of rats after exposure to cigarette and cigar smoke. AB - In a series of 3 experiments, rats bred and maintained under minimum disease conditions suffered much less lung damage after exposure to cigar smoke than did similar animals exposed to the smoke of Virginia tobacco. Rats exposed to cigar tobacco smoke also showed a greater weight gain and a lower acute-phase protein increase than did their Virginia tobacco counterparts. These differences in response were compounded by the results obtained from measuring changes in the epithelium of the intrapulmonary airways. The smoke of air-cured but not fermented cigar tobacco had an effect similar to the smoke of Virginia tobacco. PMID- 7295535 TI - Histology of experimental stress ulcer: the effect of cimetidine on adrenaline induced gastric lesions in the rabbit. AB - The gastric mucosal injury produced by i.p. instillation of adrenaline in the rabbit was examined and assessed histologically. Mucosal lesions were classified by microscopy into two types bearing distinct histological features. In Type A oedema only was seen and in Type B erosion and/or haemorrhage were added. Statistical analysis revealed that mucosal lesions were related to adrenaline dose. Cimetidine was ineffective in protecting against the stress-related gastric lesion in the present rabbit model. Biochemical studies demonstrated that severe lesions were associated with depleted mucosal histamine. PMID- 7295537 TI - The effect of levan on the migration of different white blood cells across blood vessel walls. AB - Nitrocellulose discs, untreated or immersed in paraffin oil or in Vespa orientalis venom, were inserted s.c. in mice. Similarly treated mice were given daily i.v. injections of levan. The discs were extracted, defibrinated, stained and the cells attached were counted. Paraffin oil and venom increased the number of monocytes on the discs. Treatment with levan reduced the number of polymorphs and giant cells, but increased the number of monocytes. Thus levan, which inhibits transendothelial migration of polymorphs, enhances the migration of monocytes. PMID- 7295538 TI - Liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity: enhancement by blockade of degradative processes in promethazine-treated rats. AB - Daily injection of promethazine over 4 days significantly increased the liver cytochrome P-450 content and ethyl morphine N-demethylase activity. These increases were evident after the first dose and were prevented by puromycin or actinomycin D administration. Repeated administration of promethazine does not increase the liver's ability to incorporate [14]C DL-leucine in microsomes but slows down the decay of radioactivity in microsomes previously labelled with ([14C]-guanidino) arginine. Repeated treatment with promethazine leads to a marked proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and a slight increase in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Our findings suggest that the enhancement of P-450 and EM-ase activity result from the decelerating effect of promethazine on protein degradation. PMID- 7295539 TI - The application of laser microscopy to the spectrochemical analysis of fungal tissues. AB - Spectroscopic analysis by means of a laser microscope was employed to detect, in fungal tissue, some elements of Mendeleev's classification. Such a method allows all the necessary information to be obtained from the same sample, and permits the detection of 74 elements in the periodic system. PMID- 7295541 TI - Some cytofluorimetric studies of the nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes. I. A simple method for isolation of hepatocyte nuclei using in situ perfusion of the liver. AB - A simple method for isolating mouse hepatocyte nuclei is presented, which requires no special apparatus. Flow cytofluorimetric scans of hepatocyte nuclei, prepared by this method and stained with ethidium bromide, showed that adult mice have a high proportion of their hepatocyte nuclei in the tetraploid and octaploid states. Polyploidy was more pronounced in female animals. PMID- 7295542 TI - Some flow cytofluorimetric studies of the nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes. II. Early changes in nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes following carbon tetrachloride administration: evidence for polyploid nuclei arrested in telophase. AB - Mature mice have a large proportion of their hepatocyte nuclei in polyploid states (tetraploid and octaploid), and this is more prominent in females. We measured nuclear ploidy distribution cytometrically using ethidium bromide stained hepatocyte nuclei liberated by in situ collagenase perfusion of the liver via the portal vein. After s.c. administration of 0.2 ml carbon tetrachloride the ploidy distributions of 8-month-old female mice changed from a control of 35% 2N, 45% 4N, and 20% 8N to 54% 2N, 45% 4N and 1% 8N at 6 h, and 65% 2N, 35% 4N and 0% 8N at 24 h. By 72 h 92% of the nuclei were diploid. These changes preceded any changes in mitotic index and S-phase index (3H-TdR autoradiographs). Histology confirmed the loss of higher-ploid nuclei but without mitotic figures or selective cell necrosis to account for the observations. Cleaved nuclei were prominent in sections of liver examined 3 h after CCl4 administration and suggested division of polypoid nuclei that had undergone prior segregation of chromatids and had presumably been arrested in telophase. PMID- 7295540 TI - Mitotic activity of airway epithelium after short exposure to tobacco smoke and the effect of the anti-inflammatory agent phenylmethyloxadiazole. AB - Mitotic activity of extra- and intra-pulmonary airway epithelium has been studied in male rats exposed to tobacco smoke for 1, 2, 3, 7 or 14 days, with and without addition of the anti-inflammatory agent phenylmethyloxadiazole (PMO) to the tobacco. In both control and exposed animals the mitotic index is greater in extrapulmonary regions than intrapulmonary ones. A single exposure to tobacco smoke significantly increases mitotic activity in both airway regions. This initial level of mitotic response is not maintained but is rapidly restored by 1 day free from tobacco exposure: the second peak is as high as the first. Exposure to tobacco + PMO modifies timing and amplitude of the mitotic response. The effect of PMO is somewhat paradoxical since the first peak occurs later, i.e. after 2 days of exposure, but the increase is almost twice that seen after tobacco alone. The timing of the second peak is the same as after tobacco alone, but its amplitude is only half. In each experimental group the mitogenic effect is exerted on an intact epithelium. In animals exposed to tobacco alone, or tobacco + PMO, in extrapulmonary airways mitoses are located mainly in the basal region of the epithelium, whereas in intrapulmonary airways they are located mainly at the mid or superficial level. PMID- 7295543 TI - Hepatic eosinophil granulocytopoiesis in murine experimental Schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - In livers of mice with acute schistosomiasis eosinophil granulocytopoietic folliculi are described. Exogen stem cells were observed in hepatic sinusoids. Their proliferation and progressive maturation are described. Specific reactions to the presence of worms and their eggs, and Kupffer-cell stimulation and hyperplasia are considered to be responsible for this extramedullary granulocytopoiesis. PMID- 7295544 TI - Resolution rates of artificially produced protein and amino acid oedemas and the effects of a benzopyrone. PMID- 7295545 TI - Studies on the mechanism of enhancement of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by Triton WR 1339. AB - Pretreatment of rats with Triton WR 1339 significantly enhanced the intensity of CC14-induced liver necrosis. Previous workers suggested that this effect might be due to enhancement by Triton WR 1339 of cellular degradative processes. This pretreatment, however, also enhanced the intensity of covalent binding of [14C]CC14 metabolites to microsomal protein at 3 or 6 h, but not 1 h after its administration. This effect is not due to changes of microsomal P-450 content or increased activity of mixed-function oxygenase-metabolizing drugs like pentobarbital. Pretreatment with Triton WR 1339 also partially increased CC14 induced peroxidation of microsomal lipids at 1, 3 or 6 h after administration of the hepatotoxin. Liver concentrations of CC14 in Triton WR 1339-treated rats were significantly higher at 3 or 6 h but not at 1, 10 or 24 after its i.p. administration. Triton WR 1339 treatment decreased the body temperature of the rats and further intensified the decrease produced by CC14. Results suggest that, in addition to possible effects of Triton WR 1339 administration on liver-cell degradative processes, there are other actions of this detergent on CC14 activation and lipid peroxidation which might play a role in the heightened response of the liver of CC14-induced injury. PMID- 7295546 TI - Emblica officinalis Gaertn and serum cholesterol level in experimental rabbits. AB - Twelve albino rabbits of either sex weighing 1.0-1.25 kg were fed a standard laboratory diet of green grass and sattu (roasted Bengal gram). After a 2-week run-in period their serum cholesterol levels were estimated. All animals were now fed 0.5 g cholesterol and 1.0 g clarified butter daily and were not divided into 3 groups of 4 animals each. While all received the standard cholesterol-rich diet, Group A animals received no additional substances, animals in Group B were each fed 10 mg vitamin C daily, while those in Group C were each given 1.0 g fresh Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn). Mean serum cholesterol levels in all three groups rose to significantly higher levels by the end of the second week. There was a further rise by the end of the third and fourth weeks in Groups A and B. However, animals in Group C (i.e. those given Amla) showed significantly lower mean serum cholesterol levels at the end of the second week than their counterparts in Groups A and B. At the end of the third and fourth weeks the differences were even more pronounced. PMID- 7295547 TI - Haematological changes following systemic injection of purified carrageenans (kappa, lambda and iota). AB - Kappa, lambda and iota carrageenans were administered i.p. (125 mg/kg) to groups of Sprague-Dawley rats. Each carrageenan (but especially kappa and lambda) caused thrombocytopenia and red-cell damage, particularly burring, within 2 days. This was followed by rebound thrombocytosis and persistent anaemia, accompanied by a reticulocytosis. A 2-fold increase in fibrinogen was observed at 24 or 48 h. All groups showed a leucopenia at 1 h, then a progressive leucocytosis, maximal at 48 h (kappa and lambda) or Day 7 (iota). Between 1 and 24 h there was a significant lymphopenia, followed by lymphocytosis (kappa and lambda) including Turk cells and pronounced neutrophilia in all groups. Monocytosis occurred in response to each carrageenan on Days 2-4 (kappa) or Day 7 (lambda and iota). Injection of kappa carrageenan was characterized by the presence (up to Day 7) of carrageenan positive material, in the form of floccules, within the peripheral blood, and by Day 7 the appearance of histiocyte-type macrophages which exhibited haemo phagocytosis. In the lambda group, carrageenan-positive granules were observed in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells throughout the experimental period. No intracellular carrageenan was demonstrable in peripheral blood in the iota group or within neutrophils of any of the injected animals. Overall marrow cellularity was not altered by carrageenan, but small numbers of kappa- and lambda-containing macrophages were identified. Splenomegaly was consistently observed and in histological section carrageenan-positive macrophages were detected in the red pulp, particularly in the lambda group. PMID- 7295548 TI - The extraction of lymphoid cells from the human nasopharynx. AB - No criteria exist at present for judging the quality, extent, specificity, immunological memory or degree of functional autonomy of the local mucosal immune response in humans owing to difficulty in obtaining suitable specimens for assay. This paper offers a simple, practical, atraumatic technique for the extraction of viable lymphoid cells from the human nasopharyngeal mucosa together with some preliminary figures on the numbers of cells obtained and lymphocyte responses to mitogenic stimuli. The technique is based on the collection of nasal washings with chilled saline and sufficient lymphoid cells have been collected by this method to make multiple in vitro cultures. Cultures have been maintained for over 5 days and significant blastogenic responses have been recorded suggesting that the luminal cells retain some degree of functional competence. PMID- 7295549 TI - Evaluation of drug phototoxicity by photosensitization of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. AB - Long wave ultraviolet radiation to suspensions of T. mentagrophytes, in the presence of photosensitizing chemicals, resulted in death of the fungus as measured by loss in colony-forming ability. Photosensitization could be demonstrated, with appropriate exposures and concentrations, with chlorpromazine, promethazine, perphenazine, anthracene, sulphanilamide, trimethylpsoralen, tolbutamide, tetrachlorosalicylanilide, and tribromosalicylanilide. No phototoxicity was detected with demethylchlortetracycline and thiazides. The present system seems to be simple, reproducible, and sensitive as an in vitro screening test for the photosensitizing potential of chemicals. PMID- 7295550 TI - A previously undescribed condition: tricho-odonto-onycho-dermal syndrome. A review of the tricho-odonto-onychial subgroup of ectodermal dysplasias. AB - An apparently hitherto undescribed ectodermal dysplasia/malformation syndrome is presented. The patient, the last son in an outbred sibship of four males, presents scalp hypotrichosis, aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp, dental abnormalities, onychodyplasia, dry skin with hypochromic and atrophic (poikiloderma-like) spots with vicarious (marginal) hyperchromia, unusual facies, asymmetrical skull, absent right nipple, irregular areolae, palmar keratosis, dermatoglyphic alterations, syndactyly, clinodactyly, phalangeal aplasias and hypoplasias, right leukoma, abnormal EEG, and other findings. The aetiology is unknown. A review of seventeen ectodermal dysplasias is presented for different diagnosis. PMID- 7295551 TI - The rate of corneocyte formation in microscopic lesions in patients with active psoriasis. AB - Microscopic lesions in active psoriasis were identified after careful examination with a magnifying glass in areas free of macroscopic lesions and of hair follicles. Biopsies were excised without anesthesia, immediately frozen and cryostat-sectioned. Care was taken to preserve the horny layer which was stained to reveal corneocyte membranes and nuclei when present. The interlocking sheets of corneocyte layers made it feasible to outline and trace intercellular spaces parallel to the surface and count the number of corneocyte layers between pairs of these. It was assumed that the location of such a space in the horny layer indicates the period of time from its formation. This information was used to assess the rate of corneocyte layer formation at specified intervals of time. The result shows that adjacent areas of the horny layer could be compared and relative rates of corneocyte layer formation computed. In the parakeratotic part of the early lesions of psoriasis studied the rate of corneocyte layer formation was 15 times higher than that in the non-involved skin. The peak rate, coincident with parakeratosis, was preceded by a number of thickened corneocyte layers. These also showed an increased rate of formation, up to 6.6 times that in non involved skin. There was no acanthosis in the lesions studied. A subepidermal cellular infiltrate was observed. Periods of rapid corneocyte formation with parakeratosis were often short (not more than one day). These were interrupted by periods with a lower rate. The relationship between corneocyte morphology and stratum corneum kinetics is a distinct feature in the early psoriatic lesion. PMID- 7295552 TI - Serum and urine concentrations of 5-methoxypsoralen after oral administration. AB - Serum and urine concentrations were measured after oral administration of 5 methoxypsoralen (0.6 mg/kg or I.2 mg/kg) to psoriasis patients. A dose of 0.6 mg/kg resulted in low serum concentrations, but after I.2 mg/kg, much higher serum concentrations were reached. There was much individual variation in the time required for reaching peak serum levels. Minute amounts of unchanged 5 methoxypsoralen were excreted in urine. Much larger amounts were excreted as conjugates. PMID- 7295553 TI - Serum 25-OH vitamin D after photochemotherapy. PMID- 7295555 TI - Nickel, hands and hip prostheses. PMID- 7295554 TI - The spectrum of inflammatory skin disease following jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity. AB - From a series of 105 patients who had undergone jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity, seven developed an episodic illness featuring inflammatory skin lesions, usually associated with a non-destructive polyarthritis. Tenosynovitis, myalgia and fever had also occurred. The illness abated spontaneously in four patients. The most characteristic skin lesion was an erythematous macule which developed a central vesicle or pustule. Erythema nodosum-like lesions and liquefying nodules were also seen. Early lesions were characterised by a dense accumulation of neutrophils. Changes is dermal vessels were less destructive than is usually seen in immune complex mediated vasculitis. Circulating immune complexes could be demonstrated in patients actively developing skin lesions. They were also found in some patients long after activity had ceased and in jejuno-ileal bypass subjects who had never developed inflammatory lesions. Dapsone was effective in suppressing the skin and joint symptoms when metronidazole and/or tetracycline had failed. PMID- 7295556 TI - Neutron activation analysis of trace elements in skin. IX. Rubidium in normal skin. PMID- 7295557 TI - Sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia: ultrastructural study. AB - Ultrastructural study of a case of sclerosing lipogranuloma showed predominantly histiocytic-like cell infiltrate with numerous intracytoplasmic vacuoles of varied sizes without any limiting membrane and located in the deep dermis and subcutaneous fat. Fibroblasts appeared normal. Polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages were absent. This appearance was different from that described in 'classical' phagocytosis, mucopolysaccharidoses or polyvinylpyrrolidone storage syndrome. PMID- 7295558 TI - The relief of pruritus in primary biliary cirrhosis by hydroxyethylrutosides. PMID- 7295559 TI - A severe 'stasis eczema', associated with low plasma zinc, treated successfully with oral zinc. AB - We describe a case of non-ulcerating severe stasis eczema in an elderly female associated with a low plasma zinc and which responded to treatment with oral supplements. The dermatological changes were not accompanied by oedema and were most marked over the lower legs and ankles, with patchy erythematous lesions extending to the inner thighs, over the dorsal surface of both hands and the forearms. There was some excoriation and a degree of lichenification. These lesions were intensely pruritic and resolved almost completely following treatment with oral zinc sulphate (220 mg daily) on two separate occasions.. Histological appearances of biopsy material included those of stasis eczema but there was also a marked degree of parakeratosis. The cause of the low plasma zinc was not identified. PMID- 7295560 TI - Azathioprine therapy in the management of persistent erythema multiforme. PMID- 7295561 TI - An unusual presentation of systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 7295562 TI - Fatal chronic cutaneous herpes simplex associated with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 7295563 TI - UV-A and the skin. PMID- 7295564 TI - Treatment of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) with colchicine. PMID- 7295565 TI - Mycosis fungoides responding to tetracycline and griseofulvin. PMID- 7295566 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in normal human skin after single and combined doses of UV-A, UV-B and UV-A with methoxsalen (PUVA). AB - The aim of this study was to measure unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) by autoradiography in normal human skin (I) after high dose UV-A, (2) after low dose UV-A applied before or after erythemogenic doses of UV-B, (3) after high dose PUVA and (4) after therapeutic doses of PUVA applied before and after erythemogenic doses of UV-B. Single high dose UV-A exposure induced roughly 60% of the amount of UDS induced by equally erythemogenic doses of UV-B. Single low dose UV-A exposure did not induce UDS, nor did it significantly alter the amount of UV-B induced UDS when combined with UV-B exposure. Single high dose PUVA did not lead to UDS and had no influence on UV-B induced UDS when combined with UV-B exposure. Our findings indicate: (I) erythemogenic doses of UV-A induce a considerable DNA excision repair; (2) low dose UV-A neither augments UV-B induced DNA repair nor does it inhibit the repair process; (3) no UDS was shown to occur after eight high or therapeutic doses of PUVA. This was unexpected since psoralen DNA monoadducts have been shown to be repairable by a mechanism similar to excision repair of pyrimidine dimers. It is therefore assumed that PUVA as performed for therapeutic purposes either preferentially induced interstrand crosslinks not repairable via the classical repair mechanism or the repair of monoadducts was below resolution in this study; (4) therapeutic PUVA doses apparently do not interfere with excision repair of UV-B induced DNA lesions. PMID- 7295567 TI - Impaired contact hypersensitivity in untreated psoriasis and the effects of photochemotherapy and dithranol/UV-B. AB - Cell mediated immune reactivity was studied in eighty-five psoriasis patients and twenty-five healthy controls by an improved (quantitative) method for measuring contact hypersensitivity to 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Patients were sensitized with 50 micrograms DNCB, the lowest dose found to sensitize all healthy subjects. Responses to epicutaneous challenge with a series of concentrations of DNCB were measured as volumes calculated from diameter and thickness and the various groups were compared by the differences in the log dose response curves. Patients with untreated psoriasis were less responsive than healthy controls; responses were less still in patients treated with dithranol/UV B/tar and they were least of all in patients treated with photochemotherapy with 8-methoxypsoralen and UV-A (PUVA), particularly in those who pigmented least. Sensitization and challenge at different stages of treatment showed that both induction and elicitation of sensitization were impaired by PUVA. The possible relationship of these changes to DNCB metabolism, Langerhans cell damage and a decrease in circulating T cells is discussed. Although the clinical significance of the findings is unknown, treatment with dithranol/UV-B/tar has proved safe over many years of use. PMID- 7295568 TI - The effects of topical and systemic glucocorticosteroids on DNA synthesis in different tissues of the hairless mouse. AB - Two topical corticosteroids, clobetasol propionate and clobetasone butyrate, have been studied in hairless mice for their effects on DNA synthesis in the epidermis, thymus and spleen. Following topical application, both clobetasol propionate and clobetasone butyrate showed significant activity at the site of application throughout the range of concentrations tested (20 microliters; 0.0001 0.1%; 20 ng to 20 micrograms). However, whereas 20 ng clobetasol propionate also elicited significant effects in the distal (untreated) epidermis and the thymus, more than 2 micrograms of clobetasone butyrate were required to produce similar effects in these tissues. This finding was supported by the results obtained following intravenous administration of equivalent doses (0.01 and 0.001%; 200 microliters dose) of the same two steroids. Only clobetasol propionate showed significant activity in the epidermis and thymus. Clobetasone butyrate showed slight, non-significant effects in the epidermis at the highest concentration (200 microliters; 0.01%), but not in the thymus or spleen. An unexpected finding was that the effects following intravenous injection were generally lower than those following topical application. In conclusion, these results establish that (a) effects on DNA synthesis in the epidermis at a site distal to the application site are indicative of systemic activity from topically applied corticosteroids, (b) the thymus is especially sensitive to corticosteroids eliciting systemic effects and (c) an equivalent dose of a topical corticosteroid administered intravenously produces less inhibition of thymic and epidermal DNA synthesis than the same dose applied topically. PMID- 7295569 TI - Monilethrix: an electron microscopic and electron histochemical study. AB - We have carried our electron microscopic and electron histochemical investigations on affected hair follicles and hair shafts to elucidate further the structural abnormality in monilethrix. The structural abnormalities manifest in the cortex and cuticle of the hair shaft could be traced to the locality of the 'zone of keratinization' of the follicle. Abnormal orientation of the cortical cell proteins, folding of the cuticle cell membrane and varying amounts of endocuticular material were all observed in the region prior to full keratinization. We observed structural abnormalities within all the component layers of the inner root sheath adjacent to the faults within the hair shaft, indicating a possible asynchrony within the monilethrix follicle. PMID- 7295570 TI - Cholinergic urticaria with associated angio-oedema. AB - Three patients are described who developed angio-oedema and urticaria after a hot bath challenge and physical exercise. In one patient this was accompanied by a fall in peak expiratory flow rate. Blood levels of smooth muscle biological activity, measured using a bio-assay, increased in all patients after experimental challenge. The association of angio-oedema with cholinergic urticaria is emphasized and possible mechanisms discussed. PMID- 7295571 TI - Dietary influences on 8-MOP plasma levels in PUVA patients with psoriasis. AB - To study the effect of diet on 8-MOP plasma levels, these levels were measured three times in twenty PUVA patients with psoriasis; while fasting, after a low fat breakfast, and after a fat-rich breakfast. No significant differences were found between the maximal 8-MOP plasma levels in the fasting condition and the levels after the low-fat breakfast, both peaking 2 h after ingestion. After the fat-rich breakfast, however, the 8-MOP plasma levels were not only significantly lower at 2 h but also peaked later, reaching their maximum at 3-4 h after intake. The drug should therefore be given in a dietetically standardized way. This raises the question whether some cases of therapy resistance can be dietetically influenced. PMID- 7295572 TI - Personal solar UV-A doses received by patients undergoing oral psoralen photochemotherapy for psoriasis. AB - Patients undergoing oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) for psoriasis receive a known amount of UV-A in the treatment cubicle and an unknown amount of UV-A from sunlight. In order to measure the solar UV-A dose, fifty-six patients received a UV-sensitive film badge to be worn from the time they took their psoralen tablet throughout the course of the day, except during treatment. The UV A doses measured in this way varied from less than 0.2 J cm-2 to 7 J cm-2, with a median of around 1 J cm-2. These results show that the solar UV-A received by patients who have been photosensitized by 8-MOP may not be insignificant in relation to the treatment dose. PMID- 7295573 TI - Semicircular lipoatrophy. PMID- 7295574 TI - Erosive candidiasis of the scalp, followed by the reappearance of black hair after 40 years. PMID- 7295575 TI - Nail dystrophy due to sarcoidosis. PMID- 7295576 TI - Cutaneous bullae following acute steroid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus developed severe widespread bullae following sudden steroid withdrawal. Histologically the lesion was suggestive of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with a regenerating subepidermal bulla, but immunofluorescence on non-lesional skin was typical of lupus erythematosus. Treatment led to resolution of the bullous eruption, and despite exacerbations of the patient's lupus nephropathy, the blisters have not recurred. The differential diagnosis of bullous LE is discussed. PMID- 7295577 TI - Which moles matter? The association between melanocytic naevi and malignant melanomata. PMID- 7295578 TI - Viral transmission of psoriasis. PMID- 7295580 TI - The mechanisms which produce vacuolated and degranulated eosinophils. PMID- 7295579 TI - Ferritin concentration in normal and abnormal erythrocytes measured by immunoradiometric assay with antibodies to heart and spleen ferritin and Mossbauer spectroscopy. AB - Immunoradiometric assays using antibodies to spleen and heart ferritin were combined with Mossbauer studies on normal and pathological erythrocytes. All erythrocytes examined were found to contain greater amounts of heart type than spleen type ferritin. The ferritin concentration in erythrocytes from patients with beta thalassaemia, sickle cell disease and sideroblastic anaemia is much higher than in normal cells. When the concentration of ferritin-like iron in the pathological erythrocytes measured by Mossbauer spectroscopy is compared to the total amount of ferritin assayed by the two antibodies in the same haemolysates the iron/protein ratio ranges between 0.3 and 3.4. The iron/protein ratio in iron filled ferritin molecules is about 0.56 and values in excess of this suggest that the iron detected in these cells is a mixture of ferritin molecules, partly denatured ferritin polymers and 'haemosiderin'. There is a possibility that erythrocytes contain an immunologically distinct type of ferritin that is not detected by existing assays, but we have no direct evidence for this. PMID- 7295581 TI - Biochemical studies on cryopreserved granulocytes: possible explanations for the defects induced. AB - The functional capacity of normal; human granulocytes has been studied after cryopreservation by two different methods with dimethylsulphoxide as cryoprotectant. Both methods resulted in substantial disruption of organelle membranes and impaired cell function. Similar organelle disruption could be induced without cryopreservation following the addition of dimethylsulphoxide to cells, but the extent of this disruption was dependent on the temperature at which the dimethylsulphoxide was diluted out. The loss of cellular function also depended on the temperature and rate of dilution. We suggest that disruption of membrane organization is the mechanism underlying the loss of cell function induced by cryopreservation. Pending development of more successful methods of cryopreserving granulocytes, it is recommended that optimal preservation of functional activity would be obtained if the cryopreserved cells are thawed directly at 37 degrees C and the cryoprotectant diluted carefully and slowly. PMID- 7295583 TI - Relationship of raised platelet IgG in thrombocytopenia to total platelet protein content. AB - Platelet-associated IgG (PA IgG) of washed platelets of 20 normal controls and 45 thrombocytopenic patients was measured by radioimmunoassay and related to total platelet protein content. Mean values (+/- 2 SD) for 20 normals were 4.4 +/- 3.5 fg IgG per platelet (fg IgG/pl), 2.1 +/= 1.0 pg protein per platelet (pg protein/pl) and a ratio of IgG per g platelet protein of 2.1 +/- 1.8 mg IgG/g protein. Patients could be divided into two groups: Group I (31) with normal IgG/g protein ratios and either normal (16) or raised (15) fg IgG/pl, and Group II (14) with both fg IgG/pl and IgG/g protein raised. Of the 21 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), 13 were in Group I (seven with raised and six with normal fg IgG/pl), and eight in Group II. There was significant correlation between PA IgG (fg IgG/pl) and platelet protein for the entire Group I (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001). The ITP patients in this group showed a similar correlation (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001), suggesting that raised PA IgG levels in Group I patients may be a result of protein-rich platelets. 60-90% of PA IgG was found in the soluble fraction of lysates of platelets from both normals and patients. Thus, it is either non-specifically associated with platelets or is antibody directed towards easily solubilized platelet antigens. Nine thrombocytopenic patients without immune disorders had raised PA IgG. These results question the assumption that raised PA IgG always indicates specific antiplatelet antibody. PMID- 7295582 TI - The migratory properties of indium-111 oxine labelled lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - These studies describe the application of a new method for following the migration of autologous lymphocytes in normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). There is evidence that Indium 111 oxine is a reliable radioactive cell label for in vivo studies of lymphocyte traffic in man. In normal subjects, where 60-70% of the lymphocytes labelled are T cells, the results are different from those of previous workers. The lymphocytes leave the blood initially but later return to it. It is believed that this is due to the reappearance of cells which at first entered the spleen. It is suggested that the difference between these data and those of Hersey (1971) is due to the failure of lymphocytes in the latter studies to return to the blood after primary migration. In CLL no such reappearance in the blood is seen and the lymphocytes do not leave the spleen in significant numbers over 48 h. This suggests that CLL B cells either do not recirculate through spleen or that their transit time is greater than 48 h. Bone marrow localization in CLL patients is greater than in the normal subjects, suggesting that either a larger proportion of the neoplastic B lymphocytes enter this compartment or their transit time through it is longer than the transit time of a normal T cell predominant population. Localization in normal-sized lymph nodes in patients with CLL is less than that in the lymph nodes of normal subjects. This may possibly be explained by the greater propensity of T lymphocytes to enter lymph nodes than B lymphocytes, or by the altered migratory properties of CLL B lymphocytes as compared with normal B cells. PMID- 7295585 TI - Dependence of purine loss from human erythrocytes on external pH. AB - Human red cells were incubated at 37 degrees C in physiological saline at pH 7.4 with 8-3H-adenine to label the adenine nucleotides. After washing, the cells were incubated in similar salines which were buffered to different values of pH. The loss of radioactivity from cells into medium was very slow below pH 7.4 and accelerated greatly with increasing pH up to about 7.8. At that pH the loss increased for at least 3 h when it represented more than 30% of the initial radioactivity of the cells. The loss could not be accounted for by haemolysis which remained minimal. The extracellular radioactivity was present mostly in hypoxanthine and some inosine. The loss of purine did not depend on oxygenation of the cells. These results, together with the high-affinity uptake system for adenosine, could provide a partial explanation of the turnover of adenine nucleotide purines of red cells which is many times faster than that of the cells themselves. PMID- 7295584 TI - Dynamics of red cell egress from bone marrow after blood letting. AB - To study the dynamics of red cell egress from the marrow, the demand for red cell delivery was enhanced in splenectomized rats by removing 25% of the blood volume, which was then immediately replaced by plasma. Within 15 min, packed cell volume declined by 22% of the initial value. Corrected reticulocyte count followed a biphasic pattern: an initial peak amounting to 26% occurred within 4-6 h followed by a more marked peak after 48 h. Quantitative electron microscopy of the marrow sinus wall indicated significant increases in the numbers of reticulocytes and leucocytes in transit after 5 h. Vesicles containing a flocculant substance were seen in the endothelium. The vesicles could cause segmental destabilization of endothelium, providing suitable areas for cell migration. There was also a significant reduction in the mean length of the overlapping segments of the endothelial cells, suggesting that these cells slid over one another to increase the luminal calibre. Within the rigid confines of bones where the marrow volume is fixed, this increase may lead to the displacement of mature haemopoietic cells into the lumen and whence into the circulation. PMID- 7295586 TI - Ferritin synthesis in inflammation. II. Mechanism of increased ferritin synthesis. AB - The mechanism of increased ferritin synthesis in inflammation was studied in rat livers 0-48 h after turpentine injection. A subcellular protein synthesizing system was employed in which the respective roles of cell sap factors and polysomes from normal and treated animals could be studied. Two waves of increased ferritin synthesis were found, an early wave with peak activity at 6 h of inflammation, and a second wave starting at about 24 h. The early wave of enhanced ferritin synthesis was associated with increased activity of cell sap factors. In contrast, the late enhancement of ferritin synthesis was characterized by increased polysomal activity as well as increased cell sap activity. These observations suggest a post-transcriptional control mechanism for the early phase of enhanced ferritin synthesis in inflammation, and a transcriptional as well as post-transcriptional control for the late phase of enhanced ferritin synthesis. PMID- 7295587 TI - Total tumour mass score (TTM): a new parameter in chronic lymphocyte leukaemia. AB - Total tumour mass score (TTM) is introduced as a new parameter in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in order to assess the tumour mass within all major body compartments. TTM is the sum of: (1) the square root of the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes per nl, (2) the diameter of the largest palpable lymph node in centimetres, and (3) the enlargement of the spleen below left costal margin in centimetres. The validity of the proposed scoring system was evaluated in a prognostic study of 256 CLL patients. Patients with high TTM (greater than 9.0) at presentation had the expected median survival (EMS) of 39 months whereas patients with low TTM (less than 8.9) had EMS of 101 months (P less than 0.0005). TTM was a significant prognostic factor even when adjustment was performed for age, sex, lymphocyte count, response to therapy, TTM distribution pattern and bone marrow failure. In contrast, the lymphocyte count was not prognostically significant when adjustment was performed for TTM. This suggests that TTM is a better indicator of tumour cell burden than the lymphocyte count. TTM measurement enables the analysis of the tumour mass size independently of other factors. TTM is a simple, objective parameter that can be measured as a continuous quantitative variable allowing derivation of new factors. TTM-doubling time and TTM-response to therapy were significant for prognosis (P less than 0.0005). The proposed scoring system can also be used for the study of the tumour mass distribution pattern. PMID- 7295588 TI - Transfusion studies in patients with familial antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency: half-disappearance time of infused ATIII and influence of such infusion on platelet life-span. AB - Two patients with familial ATIII deficiency received infusions of a concentrate of ATIII prepared from human plasma. Serial plasma samples were assayed for their functional and immunological content of ATIII. The rates of disappearance of ATIII activity found in this study suggest that, initially, frequent infusions are necessary to maintain normal levels of ATIII activity in patients with a severe deficiency. In one patient platelet survival did not appear to be influenced by ATIII infusions. PMID- 7295590 TI - Thymidine kinase isoenzymes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The profile of thymidine kinase isoenzymes was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 31 controls. Twelve patients with indolent disease showed TK2 isoenzyme activity, while two patients in whom the disease evolved and two patients who presented with aggressive disease exhibited TK1 isoenzyme activity. The demonstration of TK1 activity in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of clinically aggressive CLL suggests that this isoenzyme may be a useful biochemical marker of such behaviour. PMID- 7295589 TI - Bone marrow fibroblastoid colony-forming cells (F-CFC) in aplastic anaemia: colony growth and stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM CFC). AB - Colonies of fibroblast-like cells have been grown from the mononuclear cell fractions of bone marrow aspirated from normal individuals and patients with aplastic anaemia. Some of the characteristics of the fibroblastoid cells have been determined and their granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in semi-solid agar culture has been used as a functional test of their influence on granulopoiesis. The incidence and growth rates of fibroblastoid colony-forming cells (F-CFC) from aplastic patients' bone marrows were markedly different form normal either before or after treatment by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). Confluent monolayers of fibroblastoid cells grown from normal marrow were, on the whole, poor stimulators of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) and CSA was not detected in the supernatant medium. Fibroblastoid monolayers derived from many of the aplastic bone marrows studied were efficient stimulators of GM-CFC but, like the monolayers grown from normal cells, did not release CSA into the culture medium. Addition of methylprednisolone (MP) to the cultures had little effect on fibroblastoid cell growth, induced fat-accumulation by some of the fibroblastoid colonies comprising the monolayer and reduced the abilities of the monolayers to stimulate GM-CFC. PMID- 7295591 TI - beta E-globin chain does not co-electrophorese with beta A-chain in polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 7295592 TI - Effects of smoking and the pill on the blood count. PMID- 7295593 TI - Screening tests for spherocytosis. PMID- 7295594 TI - Abnormal migration of serum antithrombin III in patients on coumarin therapy by cross-immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 7295595 TI - Obstetric outcome and problems of mid-trimester fetal blood sampling for antenatal diagnosis. AB - Detailed follow-up is presented of 335 pregnancies in which mid-trimester fetal blood sampling was performed for the diagnosis of a haemoglobinopathy, mostly beta-thalassemia. There were three twin pregnancies. Thirty-eight fetuses were lost including four in whom a diagnosis of thalassemia major was made. Placentacentesis was particularly associated with fetal vessel trauma, exsanguination and early intrauterine fetal death, while late complications associated with fetoscopy or failed fetoscopy necessitating subsequent placentacentesis included spontaneous abortion, leakage of amniotic fluid and premature onset of labour. PMID- 7295597 TI - Engagement of the fetal head in the negro primigravida. AB - A prospective study into causes of non-engagement of the fetal head at term in the negroid primigravida showed no correlation with fetal birth weight nor with the pelvic brim inclination. However, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the mean head circumference of babies with heads which had not engaged (34.1 cm) and with those which had (33.1 cm). Labour was generally prolonged with a high head at term, but there was no increase in the incidence of fetal or maternal mortality and morbidity nor was it associated with an increase in the rate of operative interference. In addition, retrospective studies on pelvic brim inclination between 31 Nigerian primiparae and matched Caucasians at the Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital showed no statistically significant differences. It is suggested that an unengaged fetal head in early labour should not by itself be an indication for early delivery by caesarean section. PMID- 7295596 TI - Trophoblast sampling in early pregnancy. Culture of rapidly dividing cells from immature placental villi. AB - Trophoblast was obtained by ordinary suction curettage and by transcervical aspiration with a medicut cannula from women having a therapeutic abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. The decidual tissue which is invariably attached to early placental villi was separated and pure cultures obtained from the trophoblast layers and from the mesenchymal core of placental villi. Cytotrophoblast had a very limited life span in tissue culture, whereas mesenchymal cells grew rapidly and could be used for antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7295598 TI - Complications of female circumcision in Nigerian Igbos. AB - An analysis is made of 43 children and 15 adult female patients who presented with post-circumcision complications at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, between January 1973 and December 1980; 57 patients had been circumcised within 21 days of birth and one patient in the seventh month of her first pregnancy. Age of presentation varied with the severity of the symptoms: 21 children and 11 adults presented with varying degrees of labial occlusion, while 9 children and 4 adults had implantation dermoids. Urinary retention was the problem in 12 children and one adult. PMID- 7295599 TI - Electron microscopic study of intercellular canalicular systems in the parietal fetal membranes. AB - An electron microscopic study of the amnion and the chorionic cytotrophoblast has demonstrated the existence of intercellular channels running between the lateral sides of the cells with typical junctional complexes sealing their proximal ends. In the amnion these channels open through the basal lamina into the connective tissue, and in the chorionic cytotrophoblast they open in the direction of the decidua. This situation seems to indicate that fluid emerges from the open mouth of the amniotic intercellular channels and then continues to flow into the channels of the cytotrophoblast, across its podocytic processes, to be discharged into the decidua, and finally drained by maternal decidual vessels. This morphological study suggests that parietal fetal membranes might be an important route for transport of solute and fluid from the amniotic fluid to the maternal circulation. PMID- 7295600 TI - The effect of progesterone, oestrogens and hydrocortisone on the mitogenic response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin in pregnant and non-pregnant women. AB - The mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin of lymphocytes from women in the third trimester of pregnancy is not inhibited by progesterone, oestriol or oestradiol even at much greater than normal physiological levels. There was no difference in the response of lymphocytes from pregnant or non-pregnant women. Inhibition in the mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin was achieved with hydrocortisone but not at the physiological levels found in pregnancy. The results from this in vitro study would not support the view that the level of steroid hormones in pregnancy significantly affects the immunological status of the mothers. PMID- 7295601 TI - Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytosis in gestational hypertension. AB - The platelet count in 550 patients with gestational hypertension was significantly lower and the mean platelet volume significantly higher than in normal pregnant women. Both the platelet count and volume became increasingly abnormal when hypertension was accompanied by oedema, proteinuria or both, and women with severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia had the lowest platelet counts and the highest mean platelet volume. The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia and/or macrothrombocytosis also varied with the severity of the clinical presentation. Fibrinogen degradation products were found mainly in fully developed pre-eclampsia. These findings confirm the concept of a rapid platelet turnover caused by low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation in gestational hypertension. The platelet pattern in essential hypertension is similar to that seen in normal pregnancy. PMID- 7295602 TI - Blood loss and side effects in day case abortion. AB - Suction termination of pregnancy was performed in 276 patients as an out-patient procedure under general anaesthesia. Ergometrine, oxytocin, or sterile water were given with the induction of anaesthesia. There was no significant difference in blood loss in the three treatment groups, although blood loss in termination of pregnancy performed after eight weeks was increased in all three groups. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain occurred significantly more often after ergometrine compared to oxytocin or water. PMID- 7295604 TI - Radical surgery in stage I carcinoma of the corpus uteri. AB - Thirty-four patients with stage I adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri were selected for radical hysterectomy combined with bilateral transperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy and followed 8 to 15 years. Metastases to the pelvic lymph nodes were diagnosed in 18%. Invasion of tumour in lymph or blood vessels was found in 17 patients, and five of these patients had lymph node metastases whereas this was true in only one out of 17 patients without demonstrable vessel invasion. The 5-year crude survival was 80% with 15% urinary tract complications. PMID- 7295603 TI - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. Report of 22 cases. AB - Twenty-two patients with primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube treated at the Royal Marsden Hospital are reported. The age distribution, parity and variety of presentation of the disease were in accordance with previous reports in the literature. Overall survival at 5 years was 48% and the place of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in its management remains to be established. PMID- 7295605 TI - Treatment of preinvasive disease of the cervix by cone biopsy. AB - During the years 1952--1977, 646 patients with abnormal cervical cytology underwent one biopsy (595) or ring biopsy of the cervix. The histological diagnoses were invasive carcinoma 20 (3%) microinvasive carcinoma 16 (2%), carcinoma in situ and severe dysplasia 418 (65%), other dysplasias 149 (23%). The remainder, 43 (7%) had no demonstrable abnormality. Following biopsy 41 (7%) patients with non-invasive disease had abnormal cytology within a year of biopsy. A further 12 (2%) developed abnormal cytology after one year. These recurrences occurred up to 12 years after the initial treatment, and in one patient invasive squamous carcinoma has developed. PMID- 7295606 TI - Thirty-two years experience in management of primary tumours of the vagina. AB - A retrospective study is presented of 99 patients with a diagnosis of primary tumour of the vagina who were managed at the Gynaecological Oncology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, between the years 1947 and 1979. The lesions have been staged according to the FIGO system. The corrected five year survival rates for patients given definitive treatment were: stage I, 71% (10 of 14), stage II, 29% (10 of 34), stage III, 25% (2 of 8), stage IV, 22% (2 of 9). The overall corrected five year survival rate when definitive treatment was given was 37% (24 of 65). PMID- 7295607 TI - Vaginal stenosis due to bullous erythema multiforme (Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Case report. AB - Bullous erythema multiforme is a disorder in which oral and genital erosions, ocular inflammation and cutaneous bullae may follow a viral or bacterial infection or the ingestion of certain drugs, such as sulphonamides. Unpleasant sequelae have been reported including residual scarring, and death may occasionally result from infection or renal failure; severe scarring can cause blindness and infrequently the genital tract is involved. We report a patient who developed complete vaginal stenosis following bullous erythema multiforme in pregnancy. PMID- 7295608 TI - Comparison of epidural and intramuscular pethidine for analgesia in labour. PMID- 7295609 TI - Oral contraception and myocardial infarction revisited: the effects of new preparations and prescribing patterns. PMID- 7295610 TI - Spatial contrast sensitivity revisited. PMID- 7295611 TI - Contrast sensitivity gratings in glaucoma family screening. AB - Contrast sensitivity was measured in the eyes of 200 consecutive patients attending the glaucoma family screening unit. One-third of the patients screened had an abnormal contrast sensitivity. Positive correlation (p less than 0.01) existed between this abnormal contrast sensitivity and cup : disc ratio, visual field loss, and age. No such correlation existed between contrast sensitivity and intraocular pressure. PMID- 7295612 TI - The Arden grating acuity: effect of age and optical factors in the normal patient, with prediction of the false negative rate in screening for glaucoma. AB - The Arden contrast sensitivity was investigated in normal persons, cataract eyes, and glaucoma patients with only plates 6 and 7 of the Arden grating set. The mean score of 90 normal eyes on plate 6 was 9.50 +/- 2.29 and on plate 7 it was 9.44 +/- 2.32. The mean scores of patients with early cataract were 14.51 +/- 2.99 on plate 6 and 13.74 +/- 3.26 on plate 7. Several patients with cataract missed the grating on plate 7. Mydriasis and miosis did not affect contrast sensitivity in normal eyes. Mydriasis significantly improved contrast sensitivity in patients with early cataract. In patients with glaucoma enlargement of the pupil from a miotic state to near normal size significantly improved contrast sensitivity. It is predicted that if plate 6 and 7 are used in mass screening for glaucoma in the elderly, there will be a false negative rate of 83% for plate 6 and 52% for plate 7. A false positive rate of 17% is predicted. PMID- 7295614 TI - Comparative study of aqueous and oily pilocarpine in the production of ocular hypotension. AB - The effective use of aqueous and oily pilocarpine was studied in 19 glaucomatous eyes. The aqueous drops were used 4 times a day while the oily drops were used only twice. It was found that the oily drops were better than the aqueous drops in lowering the mean intraocular pressure and the maximum pressure reached during the day. no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 pilocarpine treatments in the reduction of daily variation of intraocular pressure. It is felt that oily drops used only twice a day would lead to better patient compliance and better control of chronic simple glaucoma. PMID- 7295613 TI - Contrast sensitivity function of preschool children. AB - A procedure specifically adapted for children of preschool age has been used to measure contrast sensitivity in emmetropic children aged 3 to 5 years. Mothers of the children acted as adult observers using the same procedure. The results show that the contrast sensitivity function of adults and children is very similar, sensitivity for the children being slightly lower than that for adults at all spatial frequencies. The sensory and cognitive factors involved in these differences are discussed. PMID- 7295615 TI - A noninvasive tonometer in the measurement of the effects of pindolol and timolol on intraocular pressure in normal subjects. AB - A noncontact tonometer was used to demonstrate in normal human volunteers the ocular hypotensive effects of single instillations of pindolol (1%) and timolol (0.25 and 0.5%) eye drops. Falls in intraocular pressure were significantly correlated with resting intraocular pressure. Evidence of systemic cardiovascular effects was seen in reductions in resting heart rate. PMID- 7295616 TI - Ocular changes in limited forms of Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - Eight patients who had limited forms of Wegener's granulomatosis are described, with details of their pathology. Ocular pathological data were available for 2 of them. The condition carries a serious ocular risk; useful vision was lost in 6 out of 16 eyes (37%). An indolent but slowly progressive marginal keratitis and scleritis was a prominent feature in 4 patients and was helpful in suggesting the diagnosis. Limited froms of Wegener's granulomatosis carry a better prognosis and response to treatment than the classical disease. PMID- 7295617 TI - Combined detachments in Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - We report a case with limited Wegener's granulomatosis in which the eye findings were the initial and only evidence of the disease when the patient was first seen. The patient was unusual in that he developed bilateral combined choroidal and retinal detachments and severe necrotising scleritis, which led to bilateral globe perforations and loss of sight. We recommend a trial of cytotoxic agents in progressive ocular inflammatory diseases unresponsive to other medications before there is irreversible loss of vision. PMID- 7295618 TI - Contact and noncontact specular microscopy. AB - A contact specular microscope was compared with a noncontact endothelial camera on 20 eyes of 10 consecutive patients presenting for cataract surgery. No difference was found in the percentage of photographs acceptable for cell counting or the time for photography by one or other camera. A close correlation was found in cell density estimations by the 2 methods. Most patients prefer the noncontact mode of examination. PMID- 7295619 TI - Incidence of loss of vision in the healthy eye in amblyopia. AB - In Finland during the 20-year period 1958-78 35 patients with amblyopia lost the vision of the healthy eye. In more than 50% the cause was traumatic. The incidence of the loss of the healthy eye was 1.75 +/- 0.30 per thousand. During the same period in Finland the overall blindness rate of children was 0.11 per thousand and of adults aged 15-64 years 0.66 per thousand. For the amblyopic patient the risk of becoming blind is markedly higher than for the general population. PMID- 7295620 TI - Proprioception and exodeviations. AB - When a slight adductive force is applied by forceps to the straight or master eye in exotropia, the exodeviated or slave eye assumes the straight position. The nature of this phenomenon was studied. The reflex occurred in an all-or-none form and showed little dose response, that is, the slave eye did not adduct beyond the straight position even if an extreme forced adduction was applied to the master eye. Once the slave eye assumed the straight position by the reflex it maintained this position, even when the master eye was covered, except when the master eye was released from the forced adduction. This reflex movement response occurred promptly on repeated forced adduction at 9 Hz on the master eye, while the visual movement of the eye was limited to follow 1 Hz movement of the target. The reflex occurred readily in the light but hardly at all in the dark. From these facts the authors conclude that the reflex is brought about as a result of interaction between the proprioceptive impulse and the visual input, where the former may chiefly constitute the signal, while the latter restricts the threshold of the reflex pathway. PMID- 7295621 TI - Poly-HEMA as a material for intraocular lens implantation: a preliminary report. AB - A soft material (poly-HEMA) has been implanted into a number of rabbit eyes in order to evaluate its use in lens implantation following cataract surgery. No reaction to the implant was seen on light microscopy of the sectioned enucleated eyes. PMID- 7295622 TI - The optic disc in glaucoma. PMID- 7295623 TI - The measurement of cyclofusional response. PMID- 7295624 TI - Oculocardiac reflex. PMID- 7295625 TI - Penetration of timolol eye drops into human aqueous humour. PMID- 7295626 TI - Effects of long-term treatment with timolol on lacrimal gland function. AB - Thirty-two patients with raised intraocular pressure were treated for 1 year with topical timolol 0.5% twice daily. There was satisfactory pressure reduction on this drug alone in 25 patients. The tear flow (modified Schirmer I test) was measured, and the tear lysozyme concentration was assayed before, and at 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning treatment. No subjective symptoms occurred and no side effects were recorded. The tear flow and tear lysozyme concentration were not significantly reduced. PMID- 7295627 TI - Rubeotic glaucoma. AB - The literature of theories of causation of rubeosis and thrombotic glaucoma is briefly reviewed and attention is drawn to the fact that the causative role of anoxia of the retina, leading secondarily to rubeosis of the iris and subsequent glaucoma, was first described in 1954. After that attempts were made to prevent the rubeosis by means of destruction of large areas of retina, initially by surface diathermy, but subsequently by cryotherapy. Although the visual results of this treatment have proved to be extremely poor, nevertheless none of the 18 eyes involved has had to be enucleated. It is hoped that in the future a judicious combination of better prediction and better treatment should make thrombotic glaucoma a preventable disease. PMID- 7295628 TI - Reduction of corneal sensitivity after retinal detachment surgery. AB - Corneal sensitivity measurements were performed on both eyes of 57 patients after they were subjected to unilateral retinal detachment surgery, the unoperated eyes acting as controls. A marked decrease in corneal sensitivity was found in eyes that were treated with encircling bands, but no significant change of sensitivity could be detected in eyes in which localised radial or circumferential silicone sponge explants alone had been employed. It would appear that encirclement procedures lower the sensitivity of the cornea, and this may continue as a long term effect. PMID- 7295629 TI - Amino acids in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - A survey of fasting whole blood amino acids in 65 patients with various subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa performed. Eight X-linked recessive patients showed decreased taurine and aspartate. Nineteen autosomal recessive patients, and to lesser extent 10 autosomal dominant patients, showed reduced levels of whole blood threonine and histidine. Branched-chain amino acids and arginine were present in increased amounts in 2 patients with Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome. These findings in LMBB patients are probably related in part to their obesity and emphasise that appropriate controls are required, and other factors (including age) known to affect amino acid levels must be accounted for. The biochemical implications of our findings are not yet apparent. PMID- 7295630 TI - Primary vitreoretinal dysplasia transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder. AB - A sibship of a brother and sister with congenital bilateral pseudoglioma is described. The most prominent abnormality was a greyish-white vascularised mass in the retrolental spaces, which was noted as early as the first weeks of life. Corneal opacities, posterior synechiae, and complicated cataracts developed within 1 to 2 years age. The sibship showed normal chromosomes and had no systemic disorders, including mental and hearing impairment. The parents and other relatives were normal. Autosomal recessive disease, rather than Norrie's disease, was the most probable explanation for the dysplasia of the vitreous and retina in the sibship. This is probably the third report of familial occurrence with autosomal recessively inherited vitreoretinal dysplasia without systemic anomalies. The importance of the disease in genetic counselling is discussed. PMID- 7295631 TI - Temporal visual field defects associated with nasal hypoplasia of the optic disc. PMID- 7295632 TI - A mathematical analogue to calculate the counts from 32P in the choroidal blood during the 32P uptake test. PMID- 7295633 TI - Does the Catford drum give an accurate assessment of acuity? AB - Adult emmetropes and myopes were tested with the Catford drum and the results compared with subjective (Landolt C) acuity. For he emmetropes the Catford drum was found to overestimate visual acuity by a factor of approximately 4. For myopes, and emmetropes viewing through plus lenses, the discrepancies were much larger. Since the Catford drum not only overestimates acuity but will do so by a factor which varies for different visual disorders, caution is needed in clinical interpretation of results obtained with it. PMID- 7295634 TI - Ordered sequential mechanism of substrate recognition and binding by KB cell DNA polymerase alpha. AB - We have used a steady-state kinetic approach in conjunction with direct velocity gradient sedimentation binding studies to examine the detailed steps that are involved in the recognition of DNA primer-template and dNTPs by near-homogeneous human DNA polymerase alpha. We demonstrate that the interaction of the polymerase with its substrates obeys a rigidly ordered sequential terreactant mechanism, with template as the first substrate, followed by primer as the second substrate and dNTP as the third. Although the binding of primer is prerequisite to the kinetically significant binding of dNTP, specification of which of the four dNTPs can then add to the enzyme is absolutely determined by base sequence of the template (the first substrate). The critical element in the proof of the ordered mechanism is the demonstration of the phenomenon of induced substrate inhibition; the presence of a dideoxy-terminated primer (dead-end inhibitor) induces substrate inhibition by dNTP which is absolutely restricted to the dNTP complementary to the template to which the blocked primer is annealed. This inhibition is kinetically com the demonstration of the phenomenon of induced substrate inhibition; the presence of a dideoxy-terminated primer (dead-end inhibitor) induces substrate inhibition by dNTP which is absolutely restricted to the dNTP complementary to the template to which the blocked primer is annealed. This inhibition is kinetically com the demonstration of the phenomenon of induced substrate inhibition; the presence of a dideoxy-terminated primer (dead-end inhibitor) induces substrate inhibition by dNTP which is absolutely restricted to the dNTP complementary to the template to which the blocked primer is annealed. This inhibition is kinetically competitive with 3' -hydroxyl-terminated (unblocked) primer and approaches 100% at saturating levels of the complementary dNTP. Direct binding studies document the specific and exclusive ability of complementary dNTPs to drive the polymerase into a stable dead-end complex with the proposed structure, enzyme.template.dideoxy primer.dNTP, thus corroborating the kinetic observations. Attempts to elucidate the order of product release from the enzyme by product inhibition studies have shown the polymerization reaction to be essentially irreversible and have thus been unsuccessful. On the basis the known processivity of KB cell DNA polymerase alpha, a preliminary model involving initial release of pyrophosphate is reasonable; however, the relationship between product release and the process of polymerase translocation remains obscure. All of the kinetic and sedimentation binding studies were performed on a variety of homopolymeric and natural heteropolymeric DNA substrates, and the consistency of the results establishes absolutely the qualitative identity of the general mechanism by which human DNA polymerase alpha recognizes and replicated polydeoxynucleotide primer-templates, regardless of their precise physicochemical nature. PMID- 7295635 TI - Properties of the primer-binding site and the role of magnesium ion in primer template recognition by KB cell DNA polymerase alpha. PMID- 7295636 TI - A calorimetric study of peptide-phospholipid interactions: the glucagon dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine complex. AB - The isothermal enthalpy of reaction glucagon with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine is found to be large and markedly temperature dependent, changing from -150 kcal/mol of glucagon at 25 degrees C to + 80 kcal/mol of glucagon at 23 degrees C. The observed enthalpy is shown to arise mainly from the glucagon-induced alteration of the distribution of the phospholipid between gel and liquid crystalline phases. The reaction is accompanied by a large change in the apparent heat capacity around the phase transition temperature of the pure lipid which explains the small variation of the free energy of binding with temperature despite the large changes in enthalpy. The equilibrium binding constant calculated from the enthalpy as a function of lipid-peptide ratio is in good agreement with that previously found from fluorescence titrations, but the number of lipid molecules bound per glucagon molecule at 25 degrees C is increased from 20 to 50, suggesting that glucagon can bind to 50 lipid molecules but that only 20 of these are close enough to affect the fluorescence of the hormone. Differential scanning calorimetry of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in the presence of glucagon shows a transition curve composed of two components. The major component, corresponding to 80% of the enthalpy change, is centered at 26.1 degrees C and has a cooperative unit of 45 lipid molecules. The total enthalpy change for the transition in the presence of glucagon is only +3.2 kcal/mol, compared with +4.8 kcal/mol for the pure lipid. PMID- 7295637 TI - Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of hemerythrin from Phascolosoma lurco (syn. Phascolosoma arcuatum). AB - Hemerythrin from coelomic cells of Phascolosoma lurco (syn. P. arcuatum) was isolated by gel filtration as two components, hemerythrin-I (25%) and hemerythrin II (75%). The Mossbauer spectrum of oxyhemerythrin-II consisted of two pairs of lines of the same isomer shift (0.5 mm s(-1) corresponding to Fe(III) but different quadrupole splitting (1.01 and 2.02 mm s(-1). Application of a 2.5-T magnetic field at 4.2 K caused no significant spectral broadening. The 2FE.O2 binding site thus contains two nonequivalent high-spin Fe(III) ions that are antiferromagnetically coupled. The Mossbauer spectra of the minor component, hemerythrin-I, indicated an identical binding site. On deoxygenation, the spectrum was dominated by a simple quadrupole split doublet corresponding to Fe(II), indicating that the binding site in this derivative contains two identical Fe(II) ions that interact only weakly, if at all. The Mossbauer spectra of azidohemerythrin-II indicated that this derivative also contains a pair of antiferromagnetically coupled Fe(III) ions with the same isomer shift (0.5 mm s( 1)) but quadrupole splittings (1.40 and 1.96 mm s(-1)) that are not identical with those in oxyhemerythrin. PMID- 7295638 TI - Unusual low-frequency resonance Raman spectra of heme observed for hog intestinal peroxidase and its derivatives. PMID- 7295639 TI - Mechanism of protein stabilization by glycerol: preferential hydration in glycerol-water mixtures. AB - A densimetric investigation of the interactions between solvent components in glycerol-water mixtures (between 10 and 40 vol % glycerol) and seven proteins have been carried out in the acid pH region. All the proteins were found to be preferentially hydrated at all conditions used, i.e., addition of the proteins to the mixed solvent results in an increase in the chemical potential of glycerol. It is considered that this thermodynamically unfavorable interaction should tend to minimize the surface of contact between proteins and glycerol and in this way stabilize the native structure of globular proteins. PMID- 7295640 TI - Hydrogen exchange rates in pancreatic trypsin inhibitor are not correlated to thermal stability in urea. PMID- 7295641 TI - Distance between metal-binding sites in transferrin: energy transfer from bound terbium (III) to iron (III) or manganese (III). AB - The distance between the two metal-binding sites of human serum transferrin has been studied by observing energy transfer between an excited terbium ion bound at one site and a ferric (or manganic) ion bound at the other site of the same transferrin molecule. From the observed reduction in terbium lifetime (relative to that of terbium transferrin), it is concluded that the intersite distance is 3.55 +/ 0.45 nm. This distance is reconciled with two conflicting earlier reports that the separation between sites is greater than 4.3 nm [Luk, C.K. (1971) Biochemistry 10,2838-2844] or is equal to 2.5 +/ 0.2 nm [Meares, C.F., & Ledbetter, J.E. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 5178-5180]. The difficulty of accurately measuring the quantum yield of protein-bound terbium provides the principal source of uncertainty in these measurements. PMID- 7295642 TI - Mechanism of tubulin assembly: role of rings in the nucleation process and of associated proteins in the stabilization of microtubules. AB - Several types of experiments were designed to elucidate the mechanism of initiation of tubulin assembly in the presence of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs): (1) The evolution of the proportion of the double ring species with temperature was examined in the ultracentrifuge, under nonpolymerizing conditions (guanosine diphosphate = 0.5 mM). A net dissociation of rings into dimers occurred when temperature increased. The transition took place above 20 degrees C. (2) The kinetic parameters of the exchange at equilibrium between free tubulin dimers and tubulin in rings were studied at different temperatures, using the technique of isotopic exchange at equilibrium with radioactively labeled tubulin. The values found for the half-time of the exchange reaction varied between or approximately 100 min at 0 degrees C and 10 min at 2 degrees C. (3) The relative participation of unlabeled rings and labeled dimers to microtubules in the time course of assembly was studied at 22 degrees C. The time dependence of microtubule specific radioactivity showed that tubulin incorporated in the initial stages of assembly came predominantly from rings (85-90%). This result indicates that oligomers directly issued from rings are the first intermediates in the assembly process and suggests that at the beginning of polymerization incorporation of isomers or fragments of rings proceeds at a faster rate than their dissociation into dimers. (4) Polymerization experiments in the presence of MAPs with increasing concentrations of tubulin dimers indicated that MAPs are in rapid equilibrium with the microtubules and are distributed along the wall in a more or less loose lattice depending on the relative concentrations of tubulin and MAPs in the solution. PMID- 7295643 TI - Chemical differences distinguish ciliary membrane and axonemal tubulins. AB - Tubulin was prepared by exhaustive dialysis solubilization from axonemal A and B subfibers and by detergent solubilization of the membrane of cilia from the scallop aequipecten irradians. The respective alpha and beta chains were isolated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then compared by amino acid analysis and high-resolution two dimensional tryptic peptide mapping. Minor amino acid and peptide differences distinguished A- and B-subfiber-derived tubulin subunits from each other, but far more significant amino acid differences distinguished the membrane-derive subunits from those of the axoneme. Peptide mapping revealed that each membrane tubulin subunit contained two major peptides not coincident with those of the axoneme and vice versa, but many corresponding peptides differed markedly in relative intensity. The alpha and beta subunits from these sources showed virtually identical isoelectric points. Certain NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel systems, sensitive to differential detergent binding, allowed the membrane derived subunits to be distinguished from those of the axoneme. Under nondenaturing conditions, the membrane-derived tubulin bound both anionic and cationic detergents more strongly than axonemal tubulin. These data indicate that ciliary membrane tubulin is a distinct molecule whose subunits have the same molecular weight and isoelectric point as those of axonemal tubulin but differs chiefly in terms of nonpolar, conservative substitutions. These chemical differences argue against the artifactual origin of the protein from breakdown of the axoneme. PMID- 7295645 TI - Conformations of (X-L-Pro-Y)2 cyclic hexapeptides. Preferred beta-turn conformers and implications for beta turns in proteins. PMID- 7295644 TI - Carboxyl methylation of nonhistone chromosomal proteins. AB - The in vitro methylation of nonhistone chromosomal proteins (NHCP) was investigated in nuclei isolated from the brain, liver, and thymus of 6-8-day-old rats. After the nuclei were incubated in the presence of 20 micron M S-adenosyl-L [methyl-3H] methionine (1 Ci/mmol), the NHCP were separated from histones on hydroxylapatite and fractionated further on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. After the gels were dried, autoradiography was used to detect [3H] methyl groups associated with these proteins. Four NHCP from the liver and thymus were methylated, while six methylated proteins were detected from the brain. None of the methylated proteins in these tissues corresponded with those from other organs, except for the component with a molecular weight of 66 000. It was evident that the methyl groups were esterified to the free carboxyl groups of NHCP since they are heat labile, yielding [3H]-methanol. The carboxyl-methylated NHCP from these organs were tightly bound to chromatin. Nucleoplasm and loosely associated NHCP were essentially devoid of methylated proteins. The carboxyl methylation of NHCP was verified in vivo. Six-day-old rats were given L-[methyl-3H]methionine (7 mCi/mmol) by intraperitoneal injection. The rats were killed at varying time periods and the NHCP isolated from gradient purified nuclei. Chromosomal nonhistone proteins, particularly from the liver, contained significant amounts of alkaline labile [(3)H] methyl groups. PMID- 7295646 TI - Amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment CN-C (residues 24-98) of the mouse histocompatibility antigen H-2Dd. A comparison of the amino-terminal 100 residues of H-2Dd, Dd, Kd, and Kb reveals discrete areas of diversity. AB - The amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragment extending from position 24 to position 98 of the H-2Dd murine histocompatibility antigen has been determined by using radiochemical microsequencing techniques. This 75 residue fragment (CN-C) is one of two glycopeptides generated by CNBr cleavage of the extracellular portion of the H-2Dd molecule (H-2Dd papain). Determination of this sequence completes the amino-terminal 100 residues of the H-2Dd molecule. The primary structure of CN-C was established by thrombin digestion of isolated CN-C and sequence determination of the three resulting peptides. The COOH terminal met and its adjacent residue were determined by sequence analysis of a tryptic peptide which overlaps CNBr fragments C and b4 (residues 99-138). Alignment of the thrombic peptides was accomplished by NH2-terminal sequence analyses of CN-C and peptides generated by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion of CN-C. The sequence data presented here, together with that already given for H-2Dd [Nairn, R., Nathenson, S. G., & Coligan, J.E. (1980) Eur. J. Immunol. 10,495-503], allow a comparison of the NH2-terminal 100 residues of the Dd, Db, Kd, and Kb molecules. Discrete areas of diversity, in particular, one between residues 62 and 83, are obvious. Comparison over some 180 residues of the Dd and Kb molecules reveals a particularly close similarity between these products of a K and a D gene from widely disparate mouse strains. PMID- 7295647 TI - Interactions of poly (N epsilon , N epsilon , N epsilon ,-trimethyllysine) and poly(lysine) with polynucleotides: circular dichroism and A-T sequence selectivity. AB - Complexes of (Lys) and [Lys(Me3)]n with natural and synthetic DNAs have been studied by CD as a function of ionic strength. In dilute EDTA, (Lys)n and [Lys(Me3)]n produce the same distortions to the CD spectrum of calf thymus DNA at r (peptide residue/nucleotide residue) values less than 0.6. At higher r values, the distortions are somewhat different. [Lys(me3)]n alters the conformation of some polynucleotides differently from (Lys)n under non- psi conditions. Therefore, methylation of histones may serve to alter the structure of chromatin. At low ionic strength, [Lys(Me3)]n and (Lys)n alter the viscosity of DNA to the same extent between r values of 0.0 and 1.0. In contrast to (Lys)n-DNA, at high ionic strengths, [lys(Me3)]n-DNA does not show psi - type CD spectra. (Lys)n forms psi - structures with (dA-dT)n and (dG-dC)n. [Lys(Me3)]n forms psi + structures with (dA-dT)n. Between 0.05 and 0.3 M NaCl, [Lys(Me3)]n forms psi+ structures with (dG-dC)n, while between 0.35 and 0.45 M NaCl, it forms a psi - structure with (dG-dC)n. Neither (Lys)n nor [Lys(Me3)]n forms psi structures with (dA)n.(dT)n or (dG)n.(dC)n. These results, in conjunction with the work of others on reconstitution of nucleosome-like particles from synthetic polynucleotides, suggest that the ability of DNA and histones to form nucleosomes is related to the formation of psi structures. (Lys)n binds preferentially to (dA)n.(dT)n over (dA-dT)n. [Lys(Me3)]n binds to (dA)n.(dT)n and (dA-dT)n with equal affinity. PMID- 7295648 TI - Molecular complex of lumiflavin and 2-aminobenzoic acid: crystal structure, crystal spectra, and solution properties. AB - The molecular complex lumiflavin-2-aminobenzoic acid monohydrate (C13H12N4O2.C7H7NO2.H2O) crystallizes from from aqueous solution as red triclinic prisms. The space group is P1 with cell dimensions a = 9.660 A, b = 14.866 A, c = 7.045 A, alpha = 95.44 degrees , beta = 95.86 degrees, and gamma = 105.66 degrees . The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined by block diagonal least-squares procedures to an R value of 0.050 on the basis of 1338 observed reflections. The structure is composed of stacks of alternating lumiflavin adn un-ionized (neutral) 2-aminobenzoic acid molecules. Two different modes of stacking interaction are observed. In one, 2-aminobenzoic acid overlaps all three of the isoalloxazine rings, at a mean distance of 3.36 A; in the other, 2-aminobenzoic acid interacts distance of 3.36 A; in the other, 2-aminobenzoic acid interacts with the pyrazine and dimethylbenzene moieties, at a distance of 3.42 A. Perpendicular to the stacking direction, the molecules form a continuous sheet. Each flavin is hydrogen bonded via O(2) and NH(3) to two symmetrically related aminobenzoates; the water of crystallization forms three hydrogen bonds, bridging two flavins, via O(4) and N(5), and one aminobenzoic acid. The red color of the crystals results from a charge-transfer transition involving stacked flavin and 2-aminobenzoic acid. The red color of the crystals results from a charge-transfer transition involving stacked flavin and 2-aminobenzoic acid molecules. Measurements of the polarized optical absorption spectra of crystals show that the transition moment direction for the long wavelength absorbance (beyond 530 nm) contains an out-of-plane component which can only arise from a charge-transfer interaction. Since the amino N does not make exceptionally close interactions with isoalloxazine atoms in either stacking mode (minimum interatomic distance 3.52 A), the charge transfer is presumed to involve pi orbitals of the 2-aminobenzoic acid donor. PMID- 7295649 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of teichuronic acid from Micrococcus luteus cell walls. Comparison of the polysaccharide isolated from cells with that synthesized in vitro. AB - Teichuronic acid isolated from the cell walls of Micrococcus luteus has been examined by natural-abundance (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Proton-decoupled and proton coupled spectra were obtained for native teichuronic acid and also after the teichuronic acid had been oxidized with periodate and reduced with borohydride. The spectra are consistent with the structure [ManNAcUAp-( beta -1,6)-G1cp-( alpha -1,4)]n. Teichuronic acid synthesized in vitro from suitable substrates by the particulate enzyme fraction obtained from M. luteus yielded a (13)C NMR spectrum which is indistinguishable from that of the native teichuronic acid, indicating a structural identity of the teichuronic acid synthesized in vitro with that isolated from cell walls. PMID- 7295650 TI - Spectroscopic studies on acetylcholinesterase: influence of peripheral-site occupation on active-center conformation. PMID- 7295651 TI - Aggregation patterns in Cherax destructor hemocyanin: control of oligomer distribution by incorporation of specific subunits. AB - Recent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies on Cherax destructor hemocyanin have demonstrated the presence of three further constituent fractions in the alkaline dissociation product in addition to the three subunits reported in earlier work. Two of these recently discovered subunits are monomeric with molecular weights around 750000, while the third subunit is of similar size to the previously identified dimeric subunit M3' with a molecular weight near 150 000. The aggregation process is influenced by the presence of calcium ions, particularly in the distribution of hybrid hexameric species. However, the relative proportions, as well as the types of subunits present initially, are of primary importance in determining the oligomer distribution pattern obtained upon reconstitution from alkaline pH to pH 7.8 of selected mixtures of subunits. An additional significant factor in the assembly process has been proposed: the operation of different relative rates of aggregation between different types of subunits. Reconstitution experiments based on these findings substantially explain the complex distribution of oligomeric forms in C. destructor hemolymph. PMID- 7295652 TI - Effect of macromolecular crowding upon the structure and function of an enzyme: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The specific activity of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) has been measured as a function of GAPD concentration in the absence and presence of 18 g/dL ribonuclease A. The specific activity of GAPD at fixed concentration has been measured as a function of the concentration of added ribonuclease A, beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, and poly(ethylene glycol) (Mr 20000) at additive concentrations of up to 30 g/dL. All of the data may be semiquantitatively accounted for by a simple model based upon the following qualitative assumptions: (1) Under the conditions of the reported experiments, GAPD exists primarily as an equilibrium mixture of monomers and tetramers of GAPD subunits. (2) The monomers have a much larger specific activity than do the tetramers. (3) The addition of high concentrations of unrelated globular proteins does not affect the activity of either monomer or tetramer but does promote the formation of tetramer due to space-filling properties of the added species, as proposed by Minton [Minton, A. P. (1981) Biopolymers (in press)]. PMID- 7295653 TI - Selective modification of aspartic acid-101 in lysozyme by carbodiimide reaction. AB - A general procedure which selectively introduced a nucleophilic group at a particular location in the active site of lysozyme has been developed. The coupling of hen egg white lysozyme with amine nucleophiles by 1-ethyl-3-[3 (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was studied at pH 5 and room temperature. In the presence of an amine nucleophile, such as ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, methylamine, or 4(5)-(aminomethyl)imidazole, the carboxyl side chain of aspartic acid-101 in lysozyme was selectively modified by using a small excess of EDC. The reactivity of Asp-101 is probably due to the specific binding of EDC to the substrate binding site close to Asp-101. With histamine or D glucosamine, the selectively of Asp-101 was somewhat decreased. This may be due to the specific binding of these amines to lysozyme in competition with EDC, causing a decrease of the selective activation of Asp-101 by EDC. Depending on the amine employed, the lysozyme derivatives obtained exhibited decreased activity (83-52% of native enzyme), suggesting that the modification of Asp-101 weakened substrate binding. PMID- 7295654 TI - Fluorescent-labeled cross-links in collagen: pyrenesulfonylhydrazine. AB - Aldol condensation products of two lysyl-derived aldehyde (allysine) residues are involved in cross-linking of collagen. However, the distribution of these cross links and their age-related changes remain largely unanswered. We have found that the unsaturated aldehydes of aldol condensation cross-links can be fluorescent labeled. When labeled with pyrenesulfonylhydrazine, pyrene dimers and excimers fluoresce at 383 and 485, nm, respectively. (The pyrene dimer is stable in benzene, whereas in polar solvents it exhibits an exponential decay to monomer fluorescing at 378 nm.) Dimers bound to collagen also decay to monomers, but at a more complicated, nonexponential rate. This dissociation in collagen is also associated with gradual decrease in the excimer fluorescence. While dissociated monomers appear to be reassociated by redialysis, the excimer is not regenerated. During fibril formation in vitro of the labeled collagen, two fluorescence changes take place: a very rapid decrease of the excimer fluorescence and a gradual increase of the monomer fluorescence. These changes indicate very early and early conformational changes at the nonhelical terminal telopeptides. The excimer fluorescence also decreases upon thermal and guanidine denaturation. Two different environments for excimer formation are suggested by the latter. It is concluded that pyrenesulfonylhydrazine offers a unique and sensitive probe for the proximity of aldehyde groups as well as for the mobility and conformation changes of the telopeptides in collagen. PMID- 7295655 TI - Multivalency of the partitioning species in quantitative affinity chromatography. Evaluation of the site-binding constant for the aldolase-phosphate interaction from studies with cellulose phosphate as the affinity matrix. AB - Theory is presented which describes the competitive interaction of a multivalent solute with a univalent ligand and an affinity matrix. The formulation accounts for cross-linking interactions of the multivalent solute, and of its complexes with ligand, with matrix interaction sites in terms of two site-binding constants pertaining respectively to ligand-solute and solute-matrix interactions. Explicit expression are derived which permit evaluation of these constants from experimental results obtained in partition equilibrium experiments or in frontal affinity chromatography studies. These relations are explored in partition equilibrium experiments conducted with cellulose phosphate as the matrix, aldolase as the solute, and phosphate as the ligand. At pH 7.4, I = 0.15, a value of 350 +/- 60 M-1 was obtained for the aldolase-phosphate site-binding constant, in close agreement with the corresponding value deduced from competitive inhibition studies. It is concluded that the present approach is particularly suited to the elucidation of weak interactions, which cannot be reliably studied by conventional means. PMID- 7295656 TI - Membrane channel forming polypeptides. 270-MHz hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the conformation of the 11-21 fragment of suzukacillin. AB - 270-MHz 1H NMR studies on the synthetic suzukacillin fragments Boc-Leu-Aib-Gly Leu-Aib-OMe (13-17), Boc-Gln-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gly-Leu-Aib-OBz (11 -17), Boc-Leu-Aib Gly-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib-Aib-OMe (13-21), and Boc-Gln-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gly-Leu-Aib-Pro Val-Aib-Aib-OMe (11-21) have been carried out in CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO. The intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded amide hydrogens in these peptides have been identified by using solvent titration experiments and temperature coefficients of NH chemical shifts in (CD3)2SO. The peptides are shown to favor conformations stabilized by intramolecular 4 leads to 1 hydrogen bonds. The 11-21 fragment adopts a highly folded, largely 310 helical conformation stabilized by seven intramolecular hydrogen bonds. An eighth NH group [Gly(5)] appears to be involved in a weaker interaction. Evidence for the possible participation of the Gln side chain carboxamide group in hydrogen bonding to the peptide backbone is also presented. PMID- 7295657 TI - Synthesis of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit and placental alkaline phosphatase by HeLa cells: effect of tunicamycin, 2-deoxyglucose, and sodium butyrate. PMID- 7295658 TI - Penetration of phospholipid monolayers by cardiotoxins. AB - The monomolecular film technique was used to compare the specific interaction of four cardiotoxins from Naja mossambica mossambica with different phospholipids. We were able to demonstrate the interaction of cardiotoxins (10(-7) M) with both neutral and negatively charged phospholipids up to very high surface pressures (45 dyn/cm). In the presence of a phospholipid monolayer, the surface activity of cardiotoxins became much greater than that observed at the air-water interface. Neurotoxins of the same venom do not penetrate a phospholipid film, even at low surface pressure (15 dyn/cm). The apparent molecular area of cardiotoxin III during its insertion into a negatively charged phospholipid film was quantitatively defined. As a function of surface pressure of the membrane around 25 dyn/cm, cardiotoxins may exist in two different configurations, "flat" (1400 A2) or "edgewise" (420 A2). This result could account for the lytic activity of this type of toxin. PMID- 7295659 TI - Formation of asymmetric phospholipid membranes via spontaneous transfer of fluorescent lipid analogues between vesicle populations. AB - A method is presented for generating artificial lipid vesicles bearing an asymmetric distribution of either of the fluorescent lipid analogues 1-acyl-2-[6 [(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]caproyl]phosphatidylcholine or 1-acyl-2 [12[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl]amino]dodecanoyl]-phosphatidylcholine, in which the fluorescent lipid is located predominantly in either the outer or inner leaflet of the vesicle bilayer. The procedure is based on the observation that these lipid analogues undergo rapid spontaneous transfer (exchange) between vesicle populations [Nichols, J. W., & Pagano, R. E. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2783 2789]. When an excess of nonfluorescent acceptor vesicles is mixed with small unilamellar vesicles containing 5 mol % fluorescent lipid, approximately 50% of the fluorescent lipid is transferred to the acceptor vesicles, whereas if fluorescent multilamellar vesicles are used, only approximately 10% of the analogues is available for transfer. These fractions of fluorescent lipid available for intervesicular transfer correspond closely to the amount of phospholipid residing in the outermost leaflet of the donor vesicles, suggesting that only fluorescent lipids present in the outer surface of the vesicles can spontaneously transfer between vesicles populations. Evidence demonstrating that the movement of the fluorescent lipid between vesicle population is the result of a net transfer process rather than lipid exchange is also presented. A novel assay based on resonance energy transfer is described for determining the size of the exchangeable fluorescent lipid pool, a measure of the degree of asymmetry of these preparations. Finally, for demonstration of the usefulness of asymmetric vesicles in distinguishing various pathways of vesicle-cell association, preliminary results are presented on their interactions with Chinese hamster fibroblasts in vitro. PMID- 7295660 TI - Stabilization of the red semiquinone form of pig kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by acyl coenzyme A derivatives. AB - Pig kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenases forms the blue neutral radical on dithionite or photochemical reduction (Thorpe, C., Matthews, R. G., & Williams, C. H. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 331-337] in accord with its classification as a flavoprotein dehydrogenase. However, dithionite reduction of the enzyme in the presence of crotonyl coenzyme A (crotonyl-CoA) or octenoyl-CoA generates the red radical anion as the predominant species at pH 7.6. Crotonyl-CoA binds preferentially to the red radical form, depressing the apparent pK by at least 2.5 pH units to a value of 7.3. Butyryl-, octanoyl-, and palmitoyl-CoA induce very similar spectral changes to those induced by enoyl-CoA derivatives when added anaerobically to the blue semiquinone enzyme. In contrast, the competitive inhibitors acetoacetyl-CoA and heptadecyl-SCoA do not markedly perturb the spectrum of the neutral flavosemiquinone species. The stability of the enzyme radical complexes with either crotonyl- or octanoyl-CoA suggests that there is not effective intraflavin transfer of reducing equivalents between subunits. Perturbation of the spectrum of the one-electron-reduced enzyme by ligands may complicate interpretation of the reaction enzyme by ligands may complicate interpretation of the reaction between substrate complexes of the general acyl CoA dehydrogenase and electron-transferring flavoprotein. PMID- 7295661 TI - Shift in nucleosome populations during embryogenesis: microheterogeneity in nucleosomes during development of the sea urchin embryo. PMID- 7295662 TI - Circular dichroism spectral properties of covalent complexes of deoxyribonucleic acid and n-butylamine. PMID- 7295663 TI - Isolation and characterization of rat liver nuclear matrices containing high molecular weight deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Rat liver nuclear matrices isolated by a method which limits DNA degradation contain a major portion of the total nuclear DNA. A majority of the DNA sediments at greater than or equal 100 S on alkaline sucrose gradients, which represents an estimated single strand size of greater than or equal to 500 kilobases. These DNA rich matrices were virtually identical with previously isolated DNA-depleted matrices in recovery of total nuclear protein and overall polypeptide composition on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels. Thin-sectioning electron microscopy revealed a structure similar to the DNA-depleted matrices with the addition of a prominent meshwork of DNA fibrils extended throughout the matrix interior. In vivo labeling of regenerating livers showed a continuous association of newly replicated DNA with DNA-rich matrices (greater than or equal to 80% of total labeled DNA) which is independent of the pulse period (1 min to 4 h). Moreover, the matrix-associated DNA is highly enriched in replicating intermediates after a 1-min in vivo pulse including a small amount of the primary Okazaki fragments. The matrix-associated replicating intermediates (4-50 S) are effectively chased into DNA of replicon size and larger (100 S) following a 1-h pulse. DNA-rich nuclear matrices may therefore provide a useful in vitro system for studying DNA replication in correlation with the higher order, intranuclear arrangement of eukaryotic DNA. PMID- 7295664 TI - Interaction of bromophenol blue and related dyes with bovine neurophysin-I: use as a probe of neurophysin chemistry. AB - The interaction of bromophenol blue and related dyes with bovine neurophysin-I was studied by equilibrium dialysis and gel filtration, absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Binding isotherms for bromophenol blue showed positive cooperativity, with one strong site and one or more weaker sites present per polypeptide chain at pH 4 and an apparent increase in relative importance of the weaker sites of lower pH. Circular dichroism (CD) studies suggested displacement of bound dye by peptides that bind to the neurophysin hormone binding site. Titration of bound bromophenol blue indicated that the deprotonated dye was bound to the strong site with approximately 20-fold greater affinity than the protonated dye. The pH dependence of binding of bromophenol blue and of bromocresol purple, which has a higher pKa than bromophenol blue, indicated that binding was dependent on protonation of a protein residue with a pKa of 2.9. This residue was identified as a protein carboxyl, probably on an abnormal side chain, by studies of glycine ethyl ester modified neurophysin and carboxypeptidase-treated neurophysin. The presence of exciton interactions between bound dye molecules when only one dye was bound per polypeptide chain and analytical ultracentrifugation results indicated that dye was bound predominantly to the dimeric form of the protein. The implication of the data are discussed with respect to a kinetic model of dye-neurophysin interaction, used elsewhere in a study of neurophysin dimerization, that assumed interaction of protein monomers with protonated dye. Additionally, results are presented which suggest, in disagreement with conclusions based on the kinetic model, that there is a pH-dependent component of neurophysin dimerization which parallels low pH fluorescence and CD changes observed earlier. PMID- 7295665 TI - Influence of various cations on the equilibria between wheat germ ribosomes and their subunits. PMID- 7295666 TI - Inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases from murine cells and oncornavirus by 5-alkylated derivatives of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil 5' triphosphate: substituent effects on inhibitory action. PMID- 7295668 TI - Interaction of 2-aminobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino acid transport systems of the sarcoma 37 murine ascites tumor cell. AB - The relatively broad and overlapping specificities of amino acid transport systems have made the synthesis of analogues specific to single transport systems desirable. The analogue in general use as a specific substrate for transport system L has been 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH). The affinity of BCH for the binding site of system L has been shown to be less than that of the natural substrate, leucine. Earlier studies from this laboratory suggested that higher homologues in a series could have greater affinity for system L. A higher homologue of BCH, 2-aminobicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid (ABOCA), has been synthesized and studied as a substrate and competitor for amino acid transport systems of the sarcoma 37 (S37) ascites cell. ABOCA inhibited the transport system dominant in the low concentration region for histidine uptake (system L) but had no effect on the uptake of labeled N-methyl alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). MeAIB had no effect on labeled ABOCA uptake in S37 cells. ABOCA inhibited the uptakes of labeled leucine and labeled BCH competitively. Leucine, histidine, and BCH inhibited the uptake of labeled ABOCA competitively. Typical L system substrates demonstrated exchange effects with labeled ABOCA. The b isomer of ABOCA demonstrated slightly greater affinity for system L than did the a isomer. We conclude that ABOCA is an analogue restricted to interaction with amino acid transport system L, that it has greater affinity for system L than does BCH, and that its selection for system l is determined principally by an apolar interaction with steric considerations secondary. PMID- 7295667 TI - Interactions between transport inhibitors at the anion binding sites of the band 3 dimer. AB - Evidence is presented that the binding of aromatic disulfonates to the external transport sites of the red cell anion-exchange protein (band 3) can exhibit negative cooperativity. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer has been used to compare the affinities of an aromatic disulfonate 4,4'-bis-(4-nitro-2,1,3 benzoxadiazolyl)dihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate[H2(NBD)2DS] for "empty" band 3 dimers (in which neither external transport site is occupied) and for "half filled" dimers (in which one site per dimer is occupied by a covalently attached fluorescent stilbenedisulfonate). H2(NBD)2DS apparently binds to the external anion transport site since it is a potent inhibitor of [35S]sulfate influx into red cells (Ki = 20-50 nM), binds reversibly to approximately one site per band 3 monomer (1.6 X 10(6) sites/cell), and is displaced by covalent labeling with a disulfonic stilbene. The affinity of H2(NBD)2DS for membranes in which 80% of the transport sites are occupied by covalently attached 4-benzamido-4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (BIDS) was approximately 1 order of magnitude lower than that for unmodified membranes. However, when a similar proportion of the transport sites on red cells was blocked by reaction with BIDS, [35S]sulfate was taken up with a lower Vmax but with a Km identical with that observed for unmodified cells, suggesting that no subunit interactions are necessary for transport. Therefore, in order to test whether the observed negative cooperativity of aromatic disulfonate binding could be ascribed simply to steric hindrance, the distance between transport sites was measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. H2(NBD)2DS and eosin maleimide were used as acceptors, with BIDS as donor. Transfer efficiencies were determined by donor fluorescence quenching, by acceptor fluorescence enhancement, and from donor lifetime changes. Uncertainties in the distance were estimated from measured depolarization factors. The donor-acceptor distance was found to be only 28-52 A. Since the probes are large molecules, they could therefore be very close together, and the observed negative cooperativity might be explained by overlapping sites. The results suggest that the subunits of a band 3 dimer transport anions independently but that access to the transport sites may be provided by a cavity between the subunits. PMID- 7295669 TI - Equilibria and kinetics of ligand binding to the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. Evidence for an alternating conformation model for transport. AB - Cytochalasin B (CB), n-propyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (PG), and 4,6-O-ethylidene-D glucose (EG) are known to bind asymmetrically to the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. The first two compounds bind to the inner (cytoplasmic) surface of the transporter, while the latter binds to the outer surface. Equilibrium measurements of the inhibition of CB binding to the glucose transporter reported herein indicate that the ternary complexes of CB transporter with EG, PG, or D glucose are not formed. Moreover, measurements of CB binding in the presence of both EG and PG or in the presence of high concentrations of D-glucose show that a ternary complex of transporter and sugars bound simultaneously on both sides of the membrane probably does not occur. Finally, the kinetics of dissociation of radiolabeled CB from the transporter in the presence of CB, glucose, PG, and EG have been determined. With the exception of the case of EG, the kinetics fit a simple scheme of rate-limiting unimolecular dissociation, and in no instance do they suggest the existence of a ternary complex of sugar, CB, and transporter. These data are consistent with a model for transport in which the substrate binding site exists alternately at the cytoplasmic and external faces of the membrane, as the result of protein conformational change. PMID- 7295670 TI - Transient kinetics of electron-transfer reactions of flavodoxins. AB - Stopped-flow and laser photolysis methods have been used to investigate the rates of electron-transfer reactions of fully reduced riboflavin and the three oxidation states of Clostridium pasteurianum flavodoxin. Both normal and 7,8 dichloroflavin analogues were studied. Redox reagents included oxygen, ferricyanide, ferric EDTA, and several c-type cytochromes as oxidants and the semiquinone of 5-deazariboflavin as a reductant. The dependence of the rate of oxidation of the semiquinone form of the dichloro analogue flavodoxin upon oxidant concentration has provided clear evidence for the existence of a complex in the reaction pathway. Rate constant comparisons demonstrate that dichloro substitution decreases the rate of flavodoxin semiquinone oxidation by at least 1 2 orders of magnitude. The limiting first-order rate constants were found to be dependent on the redox potential of the oxidant, as would be predicted by theory if these were reflecting the actual electron-transfer reaction. Rate constant decreases upon chlorine substitution were also observed for the reduction of both oxidized and semiquinone forms of flavodoxin by deazariboflavin semiquinone. These results, considered in conjunction with the redox potential shift of the flavodoxin produced by the chlorine substitution, provide support for the hypothesis that electron transfer to and from the semiquinone form of the flavodoxin involves direct participation of the dimethylbenzene ring of the flavin. A comparison of oxidation rate constants for free and protein-bound fully reduced flavin suggests that the protein environment does not markedly influence coenzyme reactivity in this oxidation state. PMID- 7295671 TI - Stereospecificity of L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. AB - Partially purified preparations of L-myo-inositol.-1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) from testis and mammary gland of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used to show that this enzyme is specific for the pro-S hydrogen at C-4 of its cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). pro-S specificity of the first step (reversible oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 5-ketoglucose 6 phosphate) was proved by showing that tritium is transferred from [pro-S-4 3H]NADH but not from [pro-R-4-3H]NADH to glucose 6-phosphate when they are incubated with enzyme. That the stereospecificity in the second oxidation- reduction step (reduction of myo-inosose-2 1-phosphate to myo-inositol 1 phosphate) is the same as in the first step was shown by demonstrating that tritium from [5-3H]glucose 6-phosphate is incorporated into myo-inositol but not into NAD+ and that tritium from [4-3H]NAD+ is not incorporated into myo-inositol PMID- 7295672 TI - Different states of aggregation for unbleached and bleached rhodopsin after isolation in two different detergents. AB - Phospholipid-free rhodopsin has been purified in the detergents sodium cholate and octaethylene glycol n-dodecyl ether (C12E8). In both detergents, the native absorption spectrum of the unbleached protein is maintained; however, upon photolysis, the preparation in C12E8 loses its ability to recombine with 11-cis retinal, whereas the preparation in cholate does not. The circular dichroic spectra of the protein in the two detergents are nearly identical, indicating that the secondary structure of the protein is the same in the two detergents. The state of association of the protein in the two detergents is different. In sodium cholate, the smallest species present was found to be a trimer of the rhodopsin polypeptide chain, and this association was unaffected by exposure to light. On the other hand, in C12E8, the protein is monomeric and undergoes a nonspecific aggregation process on exposure to light. These results suggest that protein--protein interactions may play an important role in the stabilization of the native structure of rhodopsin. PMID- 7295673 TI - Comparison of binding sites for wheat germ agglutinin on Raji lymphoblastoid cells and their isolated nuclei and plasma membranes. AB - Raji lymphoblastoid cells and the cell nuclei and plasma membranes isolated by the glycerol-lysis technique [Jett, M., Seed, T., & Jamieson, G. A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 2134-2142] have been examined for their ability to bind wheat germ agglutinin. Intact cells and isolated nuclei showed similarities (i) in the total number of binding sites (3.38 X 10(6) and 4.06 X 10(8), respectively), indicating at least a 2-fold higher receptor density on the nuclei, (ii) in the ratios of the number of high-affinity sites and low-affinity sites (1.05 and 1.07), and (iii) in the apparent association constants at the high-affinity sites (28 nM and 48 nM) and at the low-affinity site (116 nM and 370 nM). Isolated plasma membranes had a similar number of total binding sites calculated on an equivalent cell basis (2.01 X 10(6)) but showed differences in the ratio of high- to low-affinity sites (1.5) and in their apparent association constants (3 nM and 22 nM). These results suggest similarities in the lectin receptors on the outer surface of lymphoblastoid cells and the cell nuclei. The differences obtained with isolated membranes may be due to inversion of the membrane vesicles or to their decreased rigidity as compared with the intact cell. PMID- 7295674 TI - Structure, assembly, conformation, and immunological properties of the two subunit classes of ferritin. AB - The two subunit types of human liver ferritin were purified to homogeneity. Both subunits reassembled in a well-defined manner and formed spherical particles that resembled natural apoferritin in electron micrographs. Affinity chromatography methods were employed to obtain preparations of antibodies that interacted exclusively either with the H or with the L polypeptides, demonstrating that distinct immunological properties may be ascribed to each subunit of ferritin. The amino acid compositions of the subunits were similar, but the larger H subunit had fewer leucine, phenylalanine, and arginine residues. It is therefore improbable that H subunits undergo proteolytic processing and are precursors for L subunits. Circular dichroism data indicated that homopolymers assembled from L type subunits had substantially more ordered secondary structures and greater alpha-helical contents than their H counterparts. Small differences in the environment of tryptophan residues were evident from fluorescence spectra of each homopolymer. In isoelectric focusing experiments reassembled H or L homopolymers migrated as families of proteins within discrete pI ranges which are probably representative of subpopulations of each subunit type. The H homopolymer focused at lower pI's than the L component. These data substantiate the contention that both subunits are authentic polypeptide moieties of ferritin with some common structural features, but the results also underscore prominent dissimilarities in their properties. PMID- 7295675 TI - Subunit structure and physical properties of the hemocyanin of the giant isopod Bathynomus giganteus. PMID- 7295676 TI - Human brain calmodulin: isolation, characterization, and sequence of a half molecule fragment. AB - A Ca2+-binding protein from human brain has been purified to homogeneity and identified as residues 72-148 of calmodulin. This half-molecule fragment (CaM72 148) contains 11 of calmodulin's 15 basic amino acids (including one trimethyllysine) and demonstrates a higher isoelectric point. Both tyrosines and three of eight phenylalanine residues also occur in the fragment, giving rise to a somewhat different absorption spectrum. Though it contains two of calmodulin's Ca2+-binding sites, CaM72-148 binds only one Ca2+ per molecule with a dissociation constant of 17 microM. No biological activity, as judged by its inability to activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, is observed. The sequence of amino acids is identical with that of residues 72-148 of bovine brain calmodulin [Kasai, H., Kato, Y., Isobe, T., Kawasaki, H., & Okuyama, T. (1980) Biomed. Res. 1, 248-264]. CaM72-148 is thought to arise through proteolysis, and its implications for the structure and physiological role of calmodulin are discussed. PMID- 7295677 TI - Lipid lateral diffusion in the surface membrane of cells and in multibilayers formed from plasma membrane lipids. PMID- 7295678 TI - Lateral diffusion of photopigments in photoreceptor disk membrane vesicles by the dynamic Kerr effect. AB - The lateral diffusion of photopigment molecules in the photoreceptor disk membranes, osmotically swollen into spherical vesicles, has been investigated by dynamic Kerr effect measurements. Upon application of a rapidly reversing bipolar electric field to dilute aqueous suspensions of bovine disk membrane vesicles, the birefringence transient shows a characteristic rise and a deep dip corresponding to the first and second pulses, respectively. The birefringence transient is ascribed to the slowly induced dipole moment caused by electric field induced displacement of the photopigment distribution on the vesicular surface. The lateral translational diffusion coefficient is estimated from the time constant of the slowly induced dipole as D = (3.3 +/- 1.2) X 10(-9) cm2 s-1. When spermine, a cationic tetraamine, is bound to the disk membrane vesicles, the relaxation time of the slowly induced dipole is shown to become longer, indicating that the birefringence mechanism is indeed due to the field-induced photopigment displacement. PMID- 7295680 TI - Effect of vitamin D deficiency on in vitro labeling of chick intestinal proteins: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 7295679 TI - Photoincorporation of puromycin into rat liver ribosomes and subunits. AB - [3H]Puromycin was covalently incorporated into rat liver ribosomes and isolated 40S and 60S subunits on irradiation at 254 nm. A study of the concentration dependence of this photolytic incorporation suggested that it arose from specific sites on isolated subunits but also from unspecific ones in the case of ribosomes, these sites being probably located on contaminant nonribosomal proteins. Puromycin was incorporated simultaneously into ribosomal proteins and rRNAs. The results from simultaneous one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoreses showed a small distribution of label among ribosomal proteins in 60S subunits and in 80S ribosomes, L10 being the most radioactive protein. Some antibiotics, which act on the peptidyltransferase center (amicetin and gougerotin), and also tetracycline competed with this labeling. Therefore, it was concluded that puromycin interaction with protein L10 occurred most likely at a functional site. In the case of free 40S subunits, labeling distribution among proteins was much wider. The possibility that proteins S3 and perhaps S23-24, which were significantly labeled in crude ribosomes too, also belong to a specific site interacting with puromycin is discussed. PMID- 7295681 TI - Calorimetric study of the rabbit hepatic galactoside binding protein: effects of calcium and ligands. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to examine the thermal denaturation of rabbit hepatic galactoside binding protein. In the absence of Ca2+ or ligands, the inactive binding protein shows a single transition with a Tm of 46 +/- 0.5 degrees C and an enthalpy of denaturation of 0.891 cal g-1. In the presence of 20 mM CaCl2, the active binding protein has a single transition with a Tm of 61 degrees C and an enthalpy of denaturation of 2.67 cal g-1, indicating that Ca2+ markedly stabilizes the protein toward thermal denaturation. The Tm values of the binding protein--Ca2+ complexes with asialoorosomucoid or lactose are 64 and 63 degrees C, respectively. The enthalpy of denaturation in the presence of 20 mM lactose is 3.39 cal g-1, indicating that an additional stabilization (approximately 27%) toward denaturation is provided by binding of specific ligands. Furthermore, the differences in the shape of the denaturation profiles in the presence and absence of ligands suggest that ligand binding influences the denaturation process. Calcium binding, however, stabilizes the galactoside binding protein to thermal denaturation to a greater extent than does ligand binding. Thermal denaturation transitions attributable to the A or the B subunits of the binding protein are not observed, suggesting that the two subunits may be structurally similar. PMID- 7295682 TI - Isolation and characterization of an I-active ceramide decasaccharide from rabbit erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 7295684 TI - Reconstitution of lactic dehydrogenase from pig heart after reversible high pressure dissociation. PMID- 7295683 TI - Intracellular pH measurements by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Influence of factors other than pH on 31P chemical shifts. AB - Titration curves plotting chemical shift vs. pH for inorganic phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate in solutions of various composition are presented. Physiological concentrations of K+ (0.1 M) and Mg2+ (5 mM) are shown to significantly shift the titration curve. The Mg2+ effect can be partly or completely reversed by addition of sufficient quantities of adenosine triphosphate or organic acids. The acidic protein bovine serum albumin and soluble maize root tip protein have no noticeable effect on the titration curves, whereas the basic protein protamine exerts a profound effect. The results clearly indicate that knowledge of intracellular ionic strength and free Mg2+ concentrations in the sample are required if the determination of intracellular pH by 31P NMR is to be considered accurate within +/- 0.05-01 pH unit. PMID- 7295686 TI - Purification of a 9S DNA polymerase alpha species from calf thymus. AB - a DNA polymerase alpha species from calf thymus has been purified 12 000-fold to near homogeneity. The enzyme sediments under high salt conditions in the preparative ultracentrifuge as a homogeneous band at 9S. The specific activity is 50 000-70 000 units/mg of protein. Polypeptides of 148 000, 59 000, and 48 000 daltons are detectable. The molecular weight as estimated from gradient gel electrophoresis is about 500 000. The 9S DNA polymerase is free from terminal nucleotidyl transferase activity and does not exhibit endonuclease or exonuclease activity. It is inhibited by low concentrations of salt, aphidicolin, and N ethylmaleimide. PMID- 7295685 TI - Characterization of a new sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein with magnesium induced cooperativity in the binding of calcium. PMID- 7295687 TI - Binding of phytochrome to liposomes and protoplasts. AB - The physiologically active form of oat phytochrome, Pfr, increases its binding to egg lecithin unilamellar liposomes with increasing ionic strength of the medium while the binding of Pr is almost constant. The preferential binding of Pfr is as much as twice that of Pr at KCl concentrations of above 0.2 M, in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 27 degrees C. The binding of phytochrome to liposomes is also enhanced by approximately 80% at 27 degrees C compared to that at 3 degrees C. Thus, it appears that the binding between Pfr phytochrome and liposomes is hydrophobic in nature whereas the binding of Pr is not predominantly through hydrophobic interactions. The binding of both Pfr and Pr to multilamellar liposomes increases with increasing cholesterol content in the liposomes. The extent of phytochrome's binding is higher in the neutral pH region than above pH 7.5. It takes several hours to reach an equilibrium of binding. The photoreversion of liposome-bound Pfr is inhibited by 40% compared to that of free Pfr, while the phototransformation of liposome-bound Pr to Pfr is promoted by 30%. The rate of dithionite-accelerated dark reversion of liposome-bound Pfr is lower by 50% than that of the free form. These results are consistent with the proposal that the hydrophobic binding site involved results from a vacancy produced by the reorientation or displacement of the Pfr chromophore from the protein. Upon binding to phytochrome, unilamellar liposomes undergo fusion to form larger diameter liposomes. No preferential binding of the Pfr form was found with intact oat protoplasts in vitro. PMID- 7295688 TI - Effect of carboxyl group modification on redox properties and electron donation capability of spinach plastocyanin. AB - Spinach plastocyanin was chemically modified by using a water-soluble carbodiimide to form an amide bond between a protein carboxyl group and one amino group of ethylenediamine. On the average, four plastocyanin carboxyl groups were replaced with positively charged amino groups. Modified plastocyanin facilitated high rates of electron donation to the oxidized P700 reaction center of photosystem I particles in the absence of cations. Control plastocyanin was totally inactive in the absence of divalent cations due to charge repulsion between the negatively charged plastocyanin and photosystem I proteins. The Km for the binding of modified plastocyanin to photosystem I particles was 2.1 uM compared to 36.5 uM for control plastocyanin in the presence of MgCl2. Therefore, chemical modification was mre effective than charge shielding by cations in facilitating the binding of plastocyanin to photosystem I. Chemical modification also increased the midpoint redox potential of plastocyanin from +380 to +420 mV, which indicated an alteration of the copper environment. Ethylenediamine was covalently attached to tryptic peptides from plastocyanin that contained amino acid residues 42-45, 59-61, and 68 which are highly conserved glutamic acid and aspartic acid residues. Chemically altering the charge on these residues changed the activity of plastocyanin which indicates that these amino acids are involved in the ionic regulation of the plastocyanin-PSI interaction. Because chemical modification also altered the environment of the chromophore, certain of these amino acids must be located near the copper site. PMID- 7295689 TI - Mechanism of association of N-acetyl-L-phenylalanylglycinal to papain. PMID- 7295690 TI - Binding of 2,2-diphenylpropylamine at the aldehyde site of bacterial luciferase increases the affinity of the reduced riboflavin 5'-phosphate site. AB - We have found a new class of inhibitors of the bacterial bioluminescence reaction, the N,N-diphenylalkylamines and acids. We have studied the action of one of these compounds 2,2-diphenylpropylamine. The amine was competitive with the long-chain aliphatic aldehyde substrate (Ki congruent to 0.1 mM) but caused an increase in the affinity of the enzyme for reduced riboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMNH2). The inhibitor was attached to Sepharose 6B by a bis(oxirane) spacer, and the interactions of bacterial luciferase with the immobilized ligand were analyzed. The binding of luciferase to the immobilized inhibitor was enhanced by FMNH2 and was decreased by decanal. The results of these studies showed that the 2,2-diphenylpropylamine-luciferase complex has an increased affinity for FMNH2. Likewise, the FMNH2-luciferase complex has an increased affinity for 2,2 diphenylpropylamine. The inhibitor also binds to the enzyme-4a peroxydihydroflavin complex to block the binding of the aldehyde substrate, while binding of the aldehyde substrate to either the free enzyme or the enzyme-4a peroxydihydroflavin complex blocks binding of 2,2-diphenylpropylamine. PMID- 7295691 TI - Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an effector in formation and reactions of acylglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The equilibrium spectral and reactivity properties of a chromophoric acylglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (FA-GPDH) have been previously reported. Transient studies of these properties are reported herein. As with true 3-phosphoglyceroyl-enzyme these properties depend on the presence of bound coenzyme (NAD+). The reactivity of the acyl-enzyme toward acceptors (phosphate and arsenate) parallels the extent of its NAD+-induced spectral change [Malhotra, O. P., & Bernhard, S. A. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 70, 2077-2081]. The transcient deacylation of FA-GPDH, preincubated with NAD+, is kinetically biphasic. The relative amplitudes of the fast vs. the slow phase depend on NAD+ concentration but are independent of the nature and concentration of the acyl acceptor. At saturating NAD+ and acceptor concentrations, kinetic biphasicity persists. Perturbation of the acyl-apoenzyme spectrum by NAD+ is also kinetically biphasic. Evidence is presented that the NAD+-requiring acylation of the enzyme results in a protein conformation in which the acyl group is both spectrally perturbed and reactive toward acyl transfer. This acyl-enzyme undergoes a relatively slow isomerization to a conformation in which the acyl spectrum is unperturbed and unreactive in acyl transfer. These two acyl-enzyme conformations are also distinguished by their relative affinities for NAD+; hence, NAD+ is an effector of the conformational equilibrium. Kinetic biphasicity, wherever observed, can be accounted for in terms of two processes: (1) reactivity of the "active" acyl conformation and (2) slow isomerization of the inactive to the active conformation. The two acyl-enzyme conformers are present in finite albeit variable amounts dependent on the extent of NAD+ ligation. Evidence is presented suggesting that each of these conformers has a unique function. PMID- 7295692 TI - Purification of a human progesterone receptor. AB - The cytoplasmic progesterone receptor form human uterus has been purified to apparent homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and affinity chromatography. Affinity resins prepared by conventional means were compared to those prepared by a modified method. The latter give more reproducible results. A consistent finding was that low capacity resins gave the highest fold purification of the receptor. The pure receptor sedimented at 3.6 S on sucrose density gradient centrifugation, was eluted as a single band by 0.2 M KCl from DEAE-cellulose, and migrated as a single band of molecular weight 42 000 on NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight determinations, obtained from Strokes' radii and sucrose gradient centrifugation, the receptors' behavior on ion exchange resins, and hormone binding specificity were all similar to those of the receptor found in crude cytosol. When the crude cytosol receptor was photoaffinity labeled by using 3H-labeled 17,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9 diene-3,20-dione followed by NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, only protein of Mr 42 000 was labeled. This is consistent with our previous findings that alkylation of the pure receptor using 11-deoxycorticosterone bromo[3H]acetate showed labeling of a single protein of Mr 42 000. These properties confirm that the identity and integrity of the receptor have been maintained throughout its purification. PMID- 7295693 TI - Comparison of the interactions of a specific neurotoxin (alpha-bungarotoxin) with the acetylcholine receptor in Torpedo californica and Electrophorus electricus membrane preparations. AB - alpha-Bungarotoxin, a snake neurotoxin, binds irreversibly and specifically to the acetylcholine receptor isolated from the electroplax of Electrophorus electricus and Torpedo species and has been an important tool in the study of the receptor-ligand binding mechanism. Two distinct kinetic processes have been observed in studies with membranes from E. electricus. A minimum mechanism for the toxin reaction involves (i) the reversible binding of two toxin molecules to the receptor prior to the irreversible formation of toxin receptor complexes and (ii) a toxin-induced conformational change of the receptor which leads to an increase in the affinity of the receptor binding sites for toxin [Hess, G. P., Bulger, J. E., Fu, J.-j. L., Hindy, E. F., & Silberstein, R. J. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 64, 1018-1027]. Only one process has been detected in Torpedo membranes. Here, we determine whether the receptors in Torpedo californica and E. electricus membranes have different properties or whether the measurements and their interpretation were responsible for the different results. Two methods which are frequently used in binding studies to separate free and bound toxin, a CM-52 cellulose minicolumn assay and DE-81 filter disk assay, have been compared. The results obtained indicate that the interaction of toxin with receptor from T. californica is similar to that observed with receptor from E. electricus. The apparent differences which have been reported in the literature are shown to have arisen from the design of the experiments in which T. californica membranes were used. PMID- 7295694 TI - Protein involvement in structural transition of erythrocyte ghosts. Use of thermal gel analysis to detect protein aggregation. AB - In this study, it is shown that systematic temperature-induced protein aggregation occurs on the erythrocyte membrane by intermolecular disulfide bond formation. Specific protein bands disappear from acrylamide gel profiles over rather narrow temperature regions. The aggregation appears to be the result of irreversible structural transitions of the membrane, which can be seen in a sensitive scanning calorimeter. When this method of thermal gel analysis is used, the results suggest that spectrin is a participant in the A transition, that bands 2.1, 4.1, and 4.2 and the cytoplasma portion of 3 are involved in the B transition, and that the transmembrane portion of band 3 may undergo changes in the C transition, previously shown to occur in the anion transport domain of the membrane. The aggregation of specific proteins in the narrow temperature region of these transitions persists as the transitions are moved around on the temperature axis by varying solution conditions. The assignment of particular proteins to specific transitions is reinforced by selective extraction of membrane proteins. Large variations in both the calorimetry and the aggregation pattern occur as salt concentration is increased from 77 mosm to 310 mosm, which is manifested in the splitting of the B transition into two separate transitions, B1 and B2. It is speculated that this occurs as the result of a structural change which may involve components of the cytoskeletal network. PMID- 7295695 TI - Partial characterization of sialoglycopeptides produced by cultured human melanoma cells and melanocytes. AB - The sialoglycopeptides produced by HM7 human melanoma and fetal uveal melanocyte cultures grown in the presence of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate were isolated from the Pronase digests of cells, spent media, and intracellular material. From the melanoma culture, six sialoglycopeptides, accounting for 43% of the total 3H radioactivity in the nondiffusible cell-associated glycopeptides, were purified. A major glycopeptide (GPIb) having an apparent molecular weight in the range 12 000-15 000 showed specific sialic acid dependent to interaction with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). It was found to contain mainly O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides having the structure (AcNeu) leads to 0-2[Gal leads to GalNAc]; some N-glycosidically linked saccharides were also present. A second WGA-binding glycopeptide (GPIa) was smaller and less anionic and had a higher proportion of N glycosidically linked saccharides than GPIb. The normal fetal cultures yielded either no (iris) or markedly reduced (melanocytes) quantities of the WGA-binding glycopeptides. The four WGA-nonbinding sialoglycopeotides purified from melanoma were shown to have complex (N-acetyllactosaminly type) oligosaccharides linked via N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine with either no or insignificant amounts of O-glycosidically linked saccharides. The corresponding glycopeptides from melanocytes were of smaller molecular size and lower anionic charge, reflecting an overall lower degree of glycosylation. PMID- 7295696 TI - Glycosaminoglycans of cultured human fetal uveal melanocytes and comparison with those produced by cultured human melanoma cells. AB - The glycosaminoglycans produced by human fetal uveal melanocytes and by human melanoma cells were examined. The cells were grown in the presence of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate, and the labeled glycosaminoglycans were isolated from the cells, spend medium, and intracellular material. The distribution of the glycosaminoglycans was similar in both cells and spent media, which together accounted for 95% of the total. Of the total 3H]labeled glycosaminoglycans produced by the melanocyte culture, 42% was in chondroitin 4 sulfate, 25% in heparan sulfate, 16% in chondroitin 6-sulfate, and 17% in hyaluronic acid. In contrast, HM7 human melanoma cultures produced no chondroitin 6-sulfate, increased quantities of heparan sulfate, and less hyaluronic acid. A heparan sulfate fraction obtained from melanocytes required both heparitinase and heparinase for complete degradation, indicating the presence of heparin-like molecules in this fraction. The corresponding fraction from melanoma cells was totally degraded by heparitinase alone. PMID- 7295697 TI - Effects of local anesthetics and histrionicotoxin on the binding of carbamoylcholine to membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor. AB - The effects of local anesthetics and perhydrohistrionicotoxin on the kinetic mechanism of carbamoylcholine binding to the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor have been studied by stopped-flow methods. Receptor-enriched membrane fragments from Torpedo californica were reduced and then alkylated by 5 (iodoacetamido)salicylic acid, and the agonist binding kinetics were monitored by the fluorescence changes of this bound probe. The alkylation procedures did not alter the ability of the receptor to mediate agonist-induced cation flux. Preincubation of such modified receptor preparations with saturating concentrations of lidocaine, prilocaine, or dimethisoquin did not significantly affect the equilibrium dissociation constant for carbamoylcholine binding. The multiphasic kinetic signal which accompanies the binding of the agonist was, however, much simplified in the presence of local anesthetics, and the observed kinetics could be described by a mechanism in which a single conformational change follows the formation of the initial complex. Perhydrohistrionicotoxin did not act in the same way as the local anesthetics examined since saturating concentrations did not significantly perturb the agonist binding kinetics. PMID- 7295698 TI - Metal binding stoichiometry and mechanism of metal ion modulation of the activity of porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase. AB - Porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase has been obtained from commercial sources as in inhomogeneous preparation with variable metal content and purified by affinity chromatography over L-leucylglycyl-AH-Sepharose. Treatment with Zn2+ followed by gel filtration restores the Zn2+ content of the native enzyme, which is 6 mol of Zn2+ per hexamer, each of which is located in a single catalytic binding site per subunit. The activity of the native enzyme is modulated by incubation with divalent metal ions; it is activated by Mn2+ and Mg2+ and inhibited by Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+. These metals modulate the activity by binding to a separate site on each subunit, referred to as the regulatory site. Binding of these metals at the regulatory site alters the activity of the enzyme by changing kcat, leaving KM unaltered. The number and nature of the metal binding sites of porcine kidney leucine aminopeptidase are very similar to those of the enzyme from bovine lens. PMID- 7295699 TI - Mechanism of anion exchange across the red cell membrane by band 3: interactions between stilbenedisulfonate and NAP-taurine binding sites. AB - Anion exchange across the erythrocyte membrane can be inhibited competitively by stilbenedisulfonates, which bind to the external transport of the band 3 protein, and noncompetitively by external NAP-taurine [2-[N-(4-azido-2 nitrophenyl)amino]ethanesulfonate], which it has been suggested binds to a "modifier site" [Knauf, P. A., Ship. S., Breur, W., MCCulloch, L., & Rothstein, A. (1978) J. Gen. Physiol. 72, 604-630]. The binding of the two types of inhibitor of erythrocyte membranes is shown in the present study to be competitive, indicating that binding to the same subunit of band 3 is mutually exclusive. Covalent labeling of red cells with a stilbenedisulfonate [4-benzamido 4'-isothiocyano-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (BIDS)] to 80% saturation had no detectable effect upon the Ki for inhibition of [32P]phosphate influx by NAP taurine, indicating that when bound to adjacent subunits in the band 3 dimer, the two types of inhibitor do not interact. In addition to the external NAP-taurine site, a second high-affinity NAP-taurine site (Kd = 15 microM) was detected on the cytoplasmic side of red cell membranes. This site is less than 51 A from the disulfonic stilbene binding site, as judged by fluorescence resonance energy transfer from BIDS to NAP-taurine. Binding at this site is not affected by covalent attachment of BIDS, and no clear role for this site in transport could be determined. On the basis of these studies we present a model indicating that disulfonic stilbenes bind to a site which overlaps both the anion transport site and the modifier site on a band 3 monomer and suggests that the modifier site may be part of a transporting gate. PMID- 7295700 TI - Roles of arginyl residues in pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate oxidase from rabbit liver. PMID- 7295702 TI - Kinetics of the interaction between echinomycin and deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 7295701 TI - Circular dichroism spectroscopy of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and five altered conformational states. Relationship of conformation and the refolding pathway of the trypsin inhibitor. AB - As part of a conformational study of the pathway of unfolding and refolding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor that accompanies breakage and formation of its three disulfide bonds, circular dichroism spectra have been measured for several limiting conformational states: native and refolded, with the three correct disulfide bonds; the (30--51, 5--55) two-disulfide species trapped during unfolding and refolding, which have a stable nativelike conformation; the fully reduced protein, with no disulfide bonds. Refolded protein with the three correct disulfide bonds has been found to be slightly different from the native protein; this conformational difference could be removed by gently heating the refolded protein. The same difference appears to be present between the two-disulfide intermediates, lacking the 14--38 disulfide bond, produced during unfolding and refolding. The conformational difference appear to be introduced at an early stage of refolding. The fully reduced protein, with no disulfides, exists as a flexible polypeptide chain with no detectable fixed conformation. The near ultraviolet portions of the spectra are resolved into probable contributions by tyrosine, disulfide, and phenylalanine side-chain electronic transitions. The probable contributions to the native protein spectrum by tyrosines were also elucidated by observing the spectral shifts caused by their ionization at pH 12.5, where the folded conformation is maintained. The rotational strengths of the isolated transitions provide a measure of conformational flexibilities for the chromophores. Resolution of the far-ultraviolet spectrum of the native protein into contributions of its known secondary structures was not successful. PMID- 7295703 TI - Conformational flexibility in single-stranded oligonucleotides: crystal structure of a hydrated calcium salt of adenylyl-(3'--5')-adenosine. AB - The crystal and molecular structure of a hydrated calcium salt of adenylyl-(3'- 5')-adenosine(ApA) was determined from X-ray diffraction data collected on an automated diffractometer. Crystals of the salt are orthorhombic, space group P21212, with a = 30.614 (3), b = 17.894 (2), and c = 5.373 (1) A. The structure was solved by a combination of Patterson and direct methods and refined by least squares. The final value of the R index is 0.08. The 5'-terminal adenosine residue has a C(2')-endo ribose and assumes a syn conformation, which is stabilized by an O(5')-H...N(3) hydrogen bond within the nucleoside. The 3' terminal nucleoside has a C(3')-endo ribose and is in the anti conformation. Both omega and omega', the torsion angles within the phosphodiester group, are approximately 60 degrees. Adenine bases from adjacent anions are joined by pairs of N(6)-H...N(1) hydrogen bonds and are stacked with symmetry-related bases. The calcium ion is bound to the dinucleoside phosphate by a direct interaction with the phosphate group and by outer-sphere, ligand-mediated interactions with O(2') of the 5'-terminal nucleoside and N(7) of the 3'-terminal nucleoside. This tridentate interaction of the ApA anion with the calcium coordination sphere probably enhances the stability of the observed ApA conformation. When combined with other crystallographic studies of ApA conformations, the crystal structure of this calcium salt provides additional evidence that dinucleoside phosphates have considerable conformational flexibility. PMID- 7295704 TI - Development of quantitative assay for tissue levels of dolichyl phosphate. AB - A sensitive assay is described for quantitating dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P), the polyprenyl phospholipid which participates in N-linked glycosylation. The assay is based on a novel reaction of alkyl phosphates with phenyl chloroformate in which a monosubstituted mixed anhydride of phosphoric and carbonic acid is formed. Evidence in support of the proposed structure for the derivative includes a phosphate to phenyl ratio of 1, infrared spectra, elemental analysis, behavior during ion-exchange chromatography, and reactivity with primary and secondary amines. A simple, rapid procedure is described for the preparation of [14C]phenyl chloroformate from [14C]phenol; use of the radiolabeled reagent allows assay of Dol-P in the subnanomolar range. The assay was applied to the quantitation of total Dol-P levels in rat liver. Dol-P and Dol-PP and their glycosylated derivatives were extracted with organic solvents and degraded to free Dol-P by acid hydrolysis. Following saponification to hydrolyze contaminating phospholipids, Dol-P was purified by using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and derivatized with [14C]phenyl chloroformate. Tracer quantities of [3H]Dol-P were added to the tissue before extraction in order to monitor purification and yield. Double-label counting of the isolated derivative allowed calculation of the level of total Dol-P in the original tissue sample. This procedure yielded values of 2.9 +/- 0.9 nmol of Dol-P/g of rat liver. PMID- 7295705 TI - Side-by-side dimerization of neurophysin: sedimentation velocity, viscometry, and fluorescence polarization studies. PMID- 7295706 TI - Identification of 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as a rat renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolite. AB - 25,26-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [25,26-(OH)2D3] was unequivocally identified as a major renal microsomal metabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in rats fed a vitamin D sufficient diet. The structural assignment was based on a comparison of the high performance liquid chromatograms of synthetic and in vitro generated 25,26 (OH)2D3 through four different systems, the ultraviolet absorbance and mass spectral characteristics of biological 25,26-(OH)2D3, and the chromatographic and mass spectral characteristics of the sodium metaperiodate cleavage product of the metabolite. The enzymic synthesis of 25,26-(OH)2D3 was inhibited 60--80% by a semipurified goat anti-rat NADPH--cytochrome P-450 reductase. This implicates cytochrome P-450 as the probable terminal oxidase of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26 hydroxylase system. The methodology used to assay rat renal 25-OH-D3-hydroxylases is also discussed. PMID- 7295707 TI - Monoclonal anti-acetylcholine-receptor antibodies directed against the cholinergic binding site. AB - We have isolated 32 hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. One of these lines, designated 5.5.G.12, secretes antibodies which are directed against the cholinergic binding site of the acetylcholine receptor. This specific antibody blocked the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to the acetylcholine receptor. The binding of monoclonal antibody 5.5.G.12 to acetylcholine receptor was inhibited by alpha-neurotoxins and by other cholinergic ligands in accordance with their affinities to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. None of the other monoclonal antibodies obtained inhibited the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to acetylcholine receptor, nor was their binding to the acetylcholine receptor inhibited by cholinergic ligands. The monoclonal antibody elicited against the binding site of Torpedo acetylcholine receptor bound also to acetylcholine receptors of various species and organs, demonstrating the wide structural homology between the cholinergic sites of various acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 7295708 TI - Solvent effects of flavin electron transfer reactions. AB - The effects of solvent environment on the rates of several flavin redox reactions have been studied by using laser flash photolysis. These include electron transfer to the flavin triplet state (a measure of oxidized flavin electrophilicity) and the oxidation of flavin semiquinone by oxidized flavin radical, oxidized phenol radical, and quinone. The rate constant for triplet quenching by 2,6-dimethylphenol was found to be proportional to the inverse of solvent viscosity, as would be expected for a diffusional process. The flavin semiquinone yield due to flavin reduction during the quenching reaction was linearly dependent on the solvent dielectric constant. This implies the existence of a polar or charged intermediate along the reaction pathway. A similar effect of solvent dielectric was found for the self-quenching reaction, which produces semiquinone and an oxidized flavin radical. The rate constants for all three of the semiquinone oxidation reactions studied were found to exhibit a biphasic dependence on solvent dielectric, being virtually independent of dielectric at low values and sharply increasing at high values. This is interpreted in terms of a change in mechanism with solvent polarity. Specifically, we propose a neutral transition state and hydrogen atom transfer in low dielectric media and a dipolar transition state and electron transfer in high dielectric media. No specific effects of hydrogen-bonding interaction between flavin and solvent were observed for any of the processes studied. The mechanistic implications of these results for flavoenzyme catalysts are discussed. PMID- 7295709 TI - Relationship between the energy cost of ATP transport and ATP synthesis in mitochondria. AB - Liver mitochondria form rats kept on a high-protein diet exhibit an increased rate of respiration upon addition of ornithine in the presence of HCO2 and NH+4. This is the manifestation of intramitochondrial utilization of ATP for the synthesis of citrulline. State 3 respiration of these mitochondria could be adjusted to the same rate as that produced by ornithine by either using limiting amounts of hexokinase or titration with atractyloside. Under such conditions, in both systems the proton-motive force, the intramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio and the redox state of the respiratory chain were the same. In contrast to this, the ATP/O ratio (equal to 2 X citrulline/O ratio) in mitochondria synthesizing citrulline was higher than the glucose 6-phosphate/O ratio in the system where ATP was trapped extramitochondrially. The ratio of these two ratios was close to 1.5 with both glutamate and succinate as respiratory substrates. From these results it can be concluded that the translocation of ATP against ADP and phosphate utilizes an amount of the chemiosmotic proton gradient equal to half of that needed for the synthesis of ATP in the inner compartment. PMID- 7295711 TI - On the mechanism of action of polyether XXVIII at site I of the electron-transfer chain in rat liver mitochondria. AB - In rat liver mitochondria, the macrocyclic polyether, dibenzo-18-crown-6 (polyether XXVIII) inhibits the oxidation of NAD-dependent substrates, as stimulated by ADP, uncouplers and valinomycin plus K+. It does not inhibit the oxidation of succinate. It is concluded that polyether XXVIII inhibits electron transfer in the NADH-CoQ span of respiratory chain. This is a process that is reversed by menadione. Inhibition of oxidation of NAD-dependent substrates in K+ depleted mitochondria induced by the polyether is reversed by concentrations of K+ higher than 60 mM, and also by Li+, a cation that does not complex with polyether XXVIII. As assayed by swelling mitochondria, reversal of the inhibition of electron transfer is accompanied by influx of monovalent cations. Polyether XXVIII also inhibits in submitochondrial particles the aerobic oxidation of NADH, but not that of succinate; this inhibition is also reversed by K+ at high concentrations, and Li+. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that a monovalent cation is required for maximal rates of electron transport in the NADH CoQ span of the respiratory chain. PMID- 7295710 TI - Catalysis of electron transfer across phospholipid bilayers by iron-porphyrin complexes. AB - Phospholipid vesicles containing K3Fe(CN)6 were prepared form egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. Hemin dimethyl ester was incorporated into these vesicles during preparation in ratios of phospholipid to hemin dimethyl ester that varied from 200 : 1 to 45 000: 1. Electron transfer across the bilayer was measured anaerobically after injecting the vesicles into a solution containing reduced indigotetrasulfonic acid. Vesicles containing hemin dimethyl ester exhibited high rates of electron transfer (240 electrons/molecule hemin dimethyl ester per min). Conditions could be selected where the rate-limiting step for catalysis was either the biomolecular reaction between ferric hemin dimethyl ester and reduced indigotetrasulfonic acid or the movement of hemin dimethyl ester from interface to interface. The hemin dimethyl ester-catalyzed electron transfer went to completion within a few seconds, completely oxidizing the reduced indigotetrasulfonic acid. Valinomycin (in the presence of potassium) and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone were without effect on catalyzed electron transport. Thus, the electron transport is not electrogenic but is a coupled, neutral system. By specific assay, neither phosphate nor cyanide was significantly transported during electron transfer but evidence is provided to suggest that a coordinated hydroxide accompanies movement of Fe(III) hemin dimethyl ester from the inside surface to the outside surface of the bilayer. It was also demonstrated in a bulk phase transport system that hemin dimethyl ester readily catalyzes transfer of S14CN- through a chloroform layer separating two aqueous phases. Another more hydrophobic iron-porphyrin complex, Fe(III) tetraphenylporphyrin, was found to be twice as effective as hemin dimethyl ester. Other porphyrin complexes were also tested as control systems. No significant catalysis was found for metal-free protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester or Ni(II) tetraphenylporphyrin. The results are discussed in comparison with in vivo electron transport and the future usefulness of this model system. PMID- 7295712 TI - Evidence for the occurrence of the malate-citrate shuttle in intact Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - A possible activity of the malate-citrate shuttle has been investigated in Ehrlich ascites cells by testing the effects of 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of the malate-citrate exchange, and (-)-hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of the citrate cleavage enzyme, on the glucose-dependent oxidation-reduction rates of pyridine nucleotides and cytochrome b as well as two inhibitors glycolyzing cells. Moreover, to quantitate such an activity, the effects of these two inhibitors have been compared with those induced under the same experimental conditions by aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of the malate-aspartate shuttle which is known to operate in this strain of ascites tumor. Both benzenetricarboxylic acid and hydroxycitrate are able to increase the reduction of pyridine nucleotides, which follows glucose addition to whole cells, to about the same extent. A much more pronounced effect is elicited by aminooxyacetate under the same condition. When n-butylmalonate is added to slow down the flux of glycolytic reducing equivalents to the respiratory chain via the malate-aspartate shuttle, benzenetricarboxylic acid or hydroxycitrate promotes an ATP-driven reversal of electron transfer. Indeed, the glucose induced reduction of cytochrome b becomes sensitive to oligomycin and the ATP level is raised significantly with respect to the value of uninhibited cells. It is concluded that the malate-citrate shuttle operates in Ehrlich ascites cells, although with a substantially lower activity with respect to the malate-aspartate shuttle. PMID- 7295713 TI - The regulation of volume and ion composition in frog skin. AB - 1. Chemical determinations of Cl- in frog skin indicate that the intracellular concentration of this ion is above that corresponding to an equilibrium distribution. 2. Published data on Na+ efflux from the cell compartments into the two external bathing solutions, and on unidirectional fluxes across the whole preparation suggest that there are large unidirectional fluxes across the basolateral membranes. 3. Cl- uptake from the mucosal barrier is very small, and the removal of Cl- from the mucosal bathing solution does not affect the intracellular Cl- concentration. 4. Removal of Cl- from the serosal bathing solution produces a drastic decrease in cell Cl- together with a loss of water. 5. This is accompanied by a less marked effect on Na+ and K+ content of the cells. 6. The removal of Na+ from the serosal bathing solution produces also a decrease in Cl-, Na+ and K+ content of the cells with a marked loss of water. 7. It is suggested that the basolateral membrane of the frog skin is the site of mechanisms able to regulate volume and ion composition of the epithelial cells and that part of these mechanisms consists of a coupling between the movements of Na+ and Cl-. PMID- 7295714 TI - Amino acid transport in pig lymphocytes. Enhanced activity of transport system asc following mitogenic stimulation. AB - Changes in neutral amino acid transport activity caused by addition of phytohaemagglutinin-P to quiescent peripheral pig lymphocytes have been evaluated by measurements of 14C-labelled neutral and analogue amino acids under conditions approaching initial entry rates. Utilizing methylaminoisobutyric acid, the best model substrate of System A, we confirmed our previous report (Borghetti, A.F., Kay, J.E. and Wheeler, K.P. (1979) Biochem. J. 182, 27-32) on the absence of this transport system in quiescent cells and its emergence following stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated the presence in quiescent cells of an Na+-dependent transport system for neutral amino acids that has been characterized as System ASC by several criteria including intolerance to methylaminoisobutyric acid, strict Na+-dependence, the property of transtimulation and specificity for pertinent substrates such as alanine, serine, cysteine and threonine. Analysis of the relationship between influx and substrate concentration revealed that two independent saturable components contribute to entry of alanine in quiescent cells: a low affinity (Km = approximately 4 mM) and a high affinity (Km = approximately 0.2 mM) component. The high affinity component could be inhibited in a competitive way by serine, cysteine and threonine, but methylaminoisobutyric acid did not change appreciably its constants. The enhanced activity of alanine transport through the ASC system observed in activated cells resulted from a large increase in the capacity (V) of the high affinity component without any substantial change in the apparent affinity constant (Km). PMID- 7295715 TI - Stimulation of Cl- secretion by exogenous ATP in cultured MDCK epithelial monolayers. AB - Cultures epithelial monolayers of MDCK cells were grown upon Millipore filter supports and mounted in Ussing chambers for ion-transport studies. Addition of exogenous ATP to the basal bathing solutions resulted in a stimulation of the short-circuit current which was due to both an increased transmonolayer p.d. and an increased conductance. Measurements of tracer Na+ and Cl- fluxes demonstrate that the ATP-stimulated short-circuit current, results from basal to apical Cl- movement (secretion) across the cultured monolayer. ATP-stimulated net Cl- secretion was inhibited by furosemide (1 x 10(-4) M) added to the basal bathing solution and by elevating the basal medium K+ concentration from 5.4 to 54 mM. Both furosemide and elevated basal K+ exert their inhibitory action upon the ATP dependent short circuit current primarily by abolishing the electrogenic component without affecting the increased transmonolayer conductance. Hyperpolarization of the transmonolayer potential difference by applied currents also reduces the ATP dependent increase in the short-circuit current. The increased short-circuit current was insensitive to replacement of medium Na+ by choline+, but was linearly related to Cl- concentration with isethionate (2 hydroxyethanesulphonate) replacements. NO3-, I-, and the thiocyanate anion were all ineffective substitutes for Cl- whereas Br- and acetate were only partially effective. Sodium thiocyanate (10 mM) in the presence of NaCl inhibited the ATP stimulated short-circuit current. PMID- 7295716 TI - The action of ouabain upon chloride secretion in cultured MDCK epithelium. AB - Net Na+ loss from confluent monolayers of cultured epithelial cells grown on plastic petri dishes into choline chloride is consistent with loss from two separate pools (t 1/2 2.4 and 43.7 min). Tissue K+ is lost with a single time constant (t 1/2 76.9 min). Since tissue equilibration of [14C]inulin is also rapid (t 1/2 approx. 1 min), it is inferred that the fast component of Na+ loss comprises loss from extracellular pools, whereas the slow component comprises intracellular loss. By washing extracellular cations from cell monolayers and directly measuring cell numbers and volumes by Coulter Counter, intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations were estimated to be 16 +/- 2 (S.E.) and 151 +/- 2 (S.E.) mM. Ouabain at high concentrations (1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-3) M) raised intracellular Na+, and lowered intracellular K+. The t 1/2 for cation equilibration with the external medium was approx. 70 min (+ ouabain). Ouabain inhibited ATP-stimulated Cl- secretion by epithelial MDCK monolayers mounted in Ussing chambers. The inhibition was time-dependent and consistent with dissipation of intracellular cation gradients. The ATP-dependent increase in monolayer conductance, observed in control tissues, was largely unaffected by ouabain. PMID- 7295717 TI - An immunological analysis of the effects of bromelain on the mouse erythrocyte membrane. AB - The technique of crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to analyse the effects of bromelain on the antigens contained within the membranes of mouse erythrocytes. Immune sera were obtained from goats that had been injected with membranes prepared from either normal erythrocytes or bromelain-modified erythrocytes. Precipitation patterns obtained by crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that treatment of erythrocytes with bromelain changed the electrophoretic mobility of a major protein antigen and increased the solubility of two membrane glycoproteins. The possibility that enzymic modification of the erythrocytes led to the creation of entirely new antigenic determinants was not supported by the precipitin patterns obtained using sera absorbed with various membrane preparations. PMID- 7295718 TI - Uptake of oxidized folates by rat liver mitochondria. AB - Folate, dihydrofolate, and methotrexate are rapidly taken up by rat liver mitochondria. The apparent maximal matrix folate concentration is about 2.5-fold that of the suspending medium, whereas dihydrofolate and methotrexate equilibrate across the inner membrane. Fully reduced folates, including tetrahydrofolate, 5 methyltetrahydrofolate, and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate penetrate only the intermembrane space. Addition of dihydrofolate or methotrexate effects a rapid release of pre-loaded folate, and external methotrexate promotes the release of pre-loaded dihydrofolate. The extent of dihydrofolate uptake is enhanced by addition of folate. These results suggest that oxidized folates are transported to the matrix by a carrier-mediated mechanism. PMID- 7295719 TI - Fluorescence polarization study of human erythrocyte membranes with 1-phenyl-3-(2 naphthyl)-2-pyrazoline as orientational probe. AB - The emission and polarization spectra of 1-phenyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-2-pyrazoline (PNP) in various environments were studied. Compared to the widely used orientational membrane probe 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH), PNP is five times less photolabile and since its fluorescence emission maximum is at longer wavelengths (lambda max approximately 445 nm), it is more suitable for use with intact erythrocytes. The limiting fluorescence anisotropy of PNP is 0.385. In erythrocyte ghosts, the steady-state emission anisotropy of PNP is a decreasing formation of wavelength and its temperature dependence parallels that of DPH, dropping from 0.298 at 2 degrees C to 0.185 at 38 degrees C when averaged between 420 and 470 nm. PMID- 7295722 TI - Detection of a phase transition in red cell membranes using positronium as a probe. AB - Positron lifetimes in human red cell ghost membranes have been measured as a function of temperature from 3 degrees C to 25 degrees C. A marked sudden change in the ortho-positronium annihilation rate was found at 16-18 degrees C during the heating cycle and at 18-20 degrees C in the cooling cycle. Such sudden change of microenvironment in the membranes sensed by ortho-positronium is attributed to the sudden change of water diffusion rate through the membranes which is a consequence of the sudden change in free volume, or fluidities in the lipid layers. PMID- 7295720 TI - Preincubation accelerates taurocholate uptake into isolated liver cells. AB - Initial rates of taurocholate uptake into isolated hepatocytes stored at 0 degrees C increased 3-fold during a 25 min preincubation. Concomitantly, V increased while Km remained unaffected. There are several possible explanations for the preincubation effects, such as new synthesis of carrier protein, altered fluidity of the membrane or stimulation of the sodium-dependent taurocholate uptake via a change in the cation distribution. The experiments presented strongly favor the latter explanation as the sodium gradient as well as the uptake of the bile acid reach their steady state within 20-30 min and replacement of sodium by potassium in the medium abolished the effect. PMID- 7295721 TI - Effect of intracellular sodium on calcium uptake in isolated guinea-pig diaphragm and atria. AB - (1) Effects of cellular sodium on the 45Ca uptake of isolated guinea-pig diaphragm and atria were studied. (2) Cellular sodium and calcium contents were higher in diaphragm compared to atria after incubating the tissues in normal Krebs-Henseleit solution. (3) Cellular sodium content in atria and diaphragm were reduced significantly by incubating the tissues in high potassium Krebs-Henseleit solution (K+ = 34.7 mM), while it was increased by incubating the tissues in the ice-cold low potassium and low calcium Krebs-Henseleit solution (K+ = 0.65 mM, Ca2+ = 0.2 mM). Cellular potassium content was changed inversely to the sodium content. (4) In atria, cellular content of calcium was not altered significantly by the above conditions. But in diaphragm, the cellular content of calcium was decreased slightly but significantly after incubation in the ice-cold low potassium and low calcium Krebs-Henseleit solution. (5) At normal cellular sodium levels, the 45Ca uptake of both tissues was similar. (6) The reduction of the cellular sodium content caused a significant decrease in the 45Ca uptake in both tissues. (7) When the cellular sodium content was increased in atrial preparations, a marked increase in the 45Ca uptake was observed. On the other hand, in diaphragm preparations, only a slight increase was observed, even when cellular sodium content was much higher than the normal level. (8) These results indicate that even when the intracellular sodium is increased by some physiological of pharmacological events, calcium influx through Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism is very slight and slow in diaphragm. PMID- 7295723 TI - Photodynamic protein cross-linking. AB - Exposure of spectrin to visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer results in photo-oxidation of sensitive amino acid residues and covalent cross linking of the polypeptides. In a previous paper the cross-linking was ascribed to a secondary reaction between photo-oxidized histidine residues and amino groups. The following observations, described in this paper, are in accordance with this supposition. (1) During illumination of spectrin in the presence of a photosensitizer a pronounced photo-oxidation of histidine residues takes place. (2) Simultaneously a decrease of free amino groups is observed. (3) Semicarbazide protects against cross-linking and is bound to a histidine photo-oxidation product in spectrin. (4) The pH profile of histidine photo-oxidation and subsequent reaction with amino groups is similar to the pH profile of spectrin cross-linking. Amidination of NH2 groups in spectrin does not inhibit cross linking, as visualized by gel electrophoresis. On the other hand aminidation of denatured myoglobin causes a 50% inhibition of cross-linking. These observations support the notion of NH2-involvement in cross-linking but also demonstrate, that other photodynamic cross-link mechanisms exist. PMID- 7295724 TI - Melittin bound to dodecylphosphocholine micelles. H-NMR assignments and global conformational features. AB - Assignments have been obtained for most of the H-NMR lines of melittin bound to fully deuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles by combined use of two dimensional spin echo correlated spectroscopy and one-dimensional NMR methods. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements showed that the mobility of the entire polypeptide chain is reduced by binding of melittin to the detergent micelle and that the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal halves of the primary structure constitute separate, compact domains within the conformation of micelle bound melittin. p2H titration experiments showed that the presence of positive charges on the four amino groups of melittin had little influence on the conformation of the micelle-bound polypeptide. Titration of tetrameric melittin with detergent provided evidence that melittin assumes similar conformations as a self-aggregated tetramer and as a monomer bound to micelles. PMID- 7295726 TI - Shape and volume changes in rat erythrocytes induced by surface-active alkyltrimethylammonium salts and sodium dodecyl sulphate. AB - Surface-active alkyltrimethylammonium salts (C12, C14 and C16) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) caused shape alterations and a volume increase in rat erythrocytes. The alkyltrimethylammonium salts caused echinocytic shapes at both prelytic and lytic concentrations during the first minutes of incubation at 37 degrees C but as the incubation proceeded some of the echinocytes were transformed into stomatocytes. This transformation developed through the normal discocyte shape and it occurred only above certain concentrations. With C14 and C16 the concentration at which stomatocytic shapes appeared coincided with those at which the volume increase began. With the C12 homologue stomatocytic shapes did not appear until lytic concentrations were reached, whereas the volume increase began at prelytic concentrations. SDS caused only echinocytic shapes at 37 degrees C and these appeared at prelytic concentrations, whereas the volume increase was associated with lytic concentrations. When erythrocytes crenated by SDS were cooled to room temperature they were transformed into stomatocytes and discocytes. Our results indicate that (a) even though ionic surfactants induce both swelling and shape alterations in erythrocytes these two changes are not necessarily connected, and that (b) the different shapes induced by cationic and anionic surfactants cannot be due to differences in the distribution of the surfactant molecules within the lipid bilayer of the erythrocyte membrane alone. PMID- 7295725 TI - Interactions between Na+-dependent uptake of D-glucose, phosphate and L-alanine in rat renal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - D-Glucose decreases phosphate reabsorption in rat proximal tubule. It is also postulated that some amino acids interact with phosphate reabsorption. To investigate the mechanism of these interactions, phosphate, D-glucose and L alanine transport kinetics were measured in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from superficial rat kidney cortex by the calcium precipitation technique. At pH 7.4, Na+-dependent phosphate transport was inhibited in the presence of either D-glucose (39 mM) or L-alanine (2.4 mM). In this model, with D glucose or with L-alanine the V value of the phosphate uptake was decreased, whereas the apparent Km for the phosphate uptake was not affected. However, some inhibition of phosphate transport was observed in the presence of L-glucose, D alanine or D-glucose after phlorizin preincubation. A 30% Na+-dependent L-alanine (0.1 mM) transport inhibition was observed in the presence of 5 mM phosphate. D Glucose (1 mM) was also inhibited by 20% when 5 mM phosphate was added to incubation medium. According to several authors, in our model, D-glucose decreased the L-alanine transport and vice versa. Moreover, when the membrane potential was abolished, a clear inhibition of D-glucose by L-alanine persisted. These multiple interactions could be explained by the accelerated dissipation of the Na+ gradient insofar as the rate of the Na+ uptake was increased with D glucose, L-alanine or phosphate and since the absence of variations in membrane potentials did not suppress these inhibitions. PMID- 7295727 TI - Unisotropic solubilization of an inhalation anesthetic, methoxyflurane, into the interfacial region of cationic surfactant micelles. PMID- 7295728 TI - Influence of local and neutral anaesthetics on the polymorphic phase preferences of egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamine. AB - (1) The polymorphic phase preferences of egg phosphatidylethanolamine have been examined in the presence of normal alcohols and alkanes of varying chain length, as well as charged amine anaesthetics. (2) It is shown that the charged anaesthetics, ethanol and butanol can stabilize a bilayer arrangement for egg phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast, longer chain (C greater than or equal to 6) normal alcohols and alkanes induce the hexagonal (HII) phase. (3) The relative potency of local anaesthetics in vitro (chlorpromazine, dibucaine, tetracaine and procaine) is mirrored by their relative ability to stabilize bilayer structure for hydrated egg phosphatidylethanolamine. Further, the aqueous concentrations of anaesthetic required to affect phospholipid polymorphism is sensitive to the lipid composition. For example, the inclusion of 20 mol% egg phosphatidylserine in egg phosphatidylethanolamine dispersions can reduce the aqueous concentrations of dibucaine required to induce appreciable bilayer stabilization effects from 5.0 mM to 0.5 mM. (4) It is suggested that the ability of amphipathic molecules such as anaesthetics to influence phosphatidylethanolamine polymorphism arises from their molecular shape. The possibility that anaesthetic molecules may exert their effects by virtue of this shape property is raised. PMID- 7295729 TI - Accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose against its concentration gradient in rat adipocytes. AB - Rat adipocytes were incubated at 37 degrees C with 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose ([14C]2dGlc) at various concentrations and the intracellular concentrations of [14C]2dGlc and deoxy[14C]glucose phosphate ([14C]2dGlcP) were measured. Using 7 microM extracellular [14C]2dGlc, the intracellular [14C]2dGlc concentration approached the extra-cellular by 5 min insulin-stimulated cells and by 60 min it exceeded the extracellular concentration by 50-fold. A maximum accumulation ratio of 3.5 was reached by 7 min using 1 mM and a ratio of 1.6 was reached by 1 to 3 min using 10 mM extracellular 2dGlc. The time at which the concentration of intracellular 2dGlc exceeded the extracellular was inversely related to the accumulation of 2dGlcP. The rate of accumulation of total radioactivity ([14C]2dGlc plus [14C]2dGlcP) decreased after 20 min using 7 microM extracellular [14C]2dGlc. This change occurred later at 22 degrees C or in the absence of insulin and sooner at higher concentrations of 2dGlc. Experiments where uptake was stopped by dilution indicated that radioactivity appearing in the medium was [14C]2dGlc, but radio-activity disappearing from the cells was largely [14C]2dGlcP. Addition of 10 mM unlabelled 2dGlc or glucose to cells preincubated with 7 microM [14C]2dGlc resulted in a more rapid loss of accumulated label from the cells, while addition of 10 mM 3-O-methylglucose, a non-metabolizeable sugar analogue with about the same affinity for the transport system as 2dGlc, was without effect. The results show that 2dGlc is accumulated against its concentration gradient. It is suggested that the mechanism involves first, dephosphorylation of 2dGlcP and second, the presence of a diffusion barrier between the site of dephosphorylation and the transport site. PMID- 7295730 TI - Comparison of the promoting activity of pristane and n-alkanes in skin carcinogenesis with their physical effects on micellar models of biological membranes. PMID- 7295732 TI - Estimation of kinetic parameters, amount of endogenous substrate and contaminating enzyme activity in a target enzyme reaction. AB - New analytical methods were devised to estimate the Michaelis constant (Km), the maximum velocity (V), the concentration of endogenous substrate (x) and the activity of contaminating enzyme (u) in an impure enzyme reaction with single substrate. In the non-radiometric assay, the linear plot was developed on the basis of Eisenthal-Cornish-Bowden plot [1] by transforming the equation for reaction rate (v) consisting of Km, V, x, u and the concentration of substrate (S'). To confirm the accuracy of the linear plot, the non-linear fitting method was simultaneously devised in terms of a modification of the method of Cleland [2]. In the radiometric assay, the linear and non-linear kinetic analyses were applied to the equation for the radiometric rate (v*), expressed by Km, V, x and S* (concentration of radioactively labelled substrate) as in the non-radiometric assay. In both assays, the values of Km, V and x (with u value in the non radiometric assay) were obtainable at x1 and x2 with a known ratio of x2/x1. The validity of the above methods was proved by the model experiments with purified enzymes; and the radiometric model experiment offered a good example for a new enzymatic assay method of many substrates. These methods were successfully applied to the practical experiments. PMID- 7295731 TI - Effects of 2-chloroadenosine on electric potentials in brain synaptic membrane vesicles. AB - Isolated synaptic plasma membrane vesicles developed an internal negative membrane potential (delta psi) following loading with potassium succinate and incubation in NaCl, sodium succinate, or Tris succinate media. Membrane delta psi was monitored by measuring triphenyl[3H]methylphosphonium ion ([3H]TPMP+) accumulation by these vesicles. Estimates of delta psi ranged from --6.9 mV for vesicles incubated in sodium succinate to --28 mV for membranes incubated in NaCl. Intravesicular TPMP+ accumulation was strongly dependent on the K+ diffusion potential and was enhanced by the K+ ionophore valinomycin and by the adenosine analog 2-chloroadenosine (2-Cl-Ado). The stimulation of TPMP+ influx by 2-Cl-Ado was dependent on the concentration of this agent, independent of Cl- fluxes, and sensitive to inhibition by the methylxanthine theophylline. The increase of delta psi of the synaptic membrane vesicles caused by 2-Cl-Ado paralleled the hyperpolarization of neurons produced by adenosine and 2-Cl-Ado in physiological systems. PMID- 7295733 TI - Characterization and partial purification of a cytoplasmic glutathione: disulfide oxidoreductase (thioltransferase) from adenohypophysis. AB - A glutathione-dependent thioltransferase (thiol : disulfide oxidoreductase) has been partially purified (70-fold) from anterior pituitary cytosol, and characterized. Purification was effected by differential centrifugation, precipitation between 30 and 60% (NH4)2SO4, and sequential chromatography on Sepharose 6B, DEAE-cellulose, and CM-cellulose. Enzyme activity, monitored by the disappearance of NADPH, was associated with a protein of molecular weight 170 000 both by gel filtration and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS. There was apparent charge heterogeneity after the gel filtration step, and only the major DEAE-cellulose peak was further purified on CM-cellulose. When SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carried out in the presence of mercaptoethanol, the two predominant bands seen in its absence were converted to five major bands, all of different apparent molecular weights from the originals. Isoelectric focusing yielded two major peaks of enzyme activity, at pI 7.0 and pI 4.5-5.0. These peaks were shown to be interconvertible upon reelectrofocusing. Both low- and high-molecular weight disulfides could be reduced. The pH optimum was sharp, at pH 8.2. The Km values for glutathione and cystine (the standard assay disulfide) were 0.57 and 0.062 mM, respectively, each in the presence of saturating concentrations of the other substrate. N-Ethylmaleimide at 0.1 and 1.0 mM inhibited enzyme activity non-competitively, suggesting a non-catalytic role of enzyme thiol(s) for maintenance of optimal activity. PMID- 7295734 TI - Human liver prenyltransferase and its characterization. AB - Prenyltransferase (dimethylallydiphosphate: isopentenyldiphosphate dimethylallytransferase, EC 2.5.1.1) has been purified to homogeneity from human liver obtained at autopsy. The enzyme is a dimer with a native molecular weight of 74 000 +/- 1 400. The amino acid composition is reported. the enzyme has a broad pH optimum between 7.3 and 8.8 and an absolute requirement for either Mn2+ or Mg2+ for activity; half-maximal activity was observed at 3.7 microM Mn2+ or 89.0 microM Mg2+. Michaelis constants for geranyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate were 0.44 and 0.94 microM, respectively; the V value for synthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate from these substrates was 1.1 mumol . min-1 . mg-1. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate inhibited the reaction rates at concentrations above 2 microM when the concentrations of geranyl pyrophosphate were less than 2 microM. The highest concentration of geranyl pyrophosphate tested, 16 microM, showed no inhibition of reaction rates even when the concentration of isopentenyl pyrophosphate was as low as 0.2 microM. Only one form of human liver prenyltransferase could be observed under conditions which resolved the porcine enzyme into two distinct forms; the human enzyme is akin, physico-chemically, to the B-form of the pig liver enzyme. After dialysis against Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.8, the enzyme became completely dependent upon dithiols or thiols for its activity. Kinetic experiments with a partially activated enzyme sample showed that the activation by the dithiol greatly enhanced the affinity of the enzyme for geranyl pyrophosphate, but not that for isopentenyl pyrophosphate. The human prenyltransferase is inactivated by phenylglyoxal according to pseudo-first-order kinetics, but is protected against the inactivation by 3,3-dimethylallyl and geranyl pyrophosphate. It is also inactivated by high concentrations (greater than 2 mM) of iodoacetic acid, but is protected against the inactivation by dithiothreitol. Antibodies raised to the B-form of the pig liver enzyme cross reacted with the human prenyltransferase and were 47% as effective in precipitating the human enzyme as the porcine enzyme. In double immunodiffusion experiments the antiserum was monospecific against the B-form of the porcine enzyme; it also gave a single precipitin line with the A-form, but not identical with that given by the B-form. It gave a precipitin line also with the human enzyme, but not identical with that given by either the A- or B-form of the porcine enzyme. PMID- 7295735 TI - Purification and properties of an enzyme reducing leupeptin acid to leupeptin. AB - An enzyme catalyzing the reduction of leupeptin acid to leupeptin was partially purified from a cell extract of Streptomyces roseus MA839-A1, a leupeptin producer. The enzyme was tentatively named leupeptin acid reductase. The molecular weight was estimated to be 320,000 by chromatography on Sepharose 6B. The reductase eluted with leupeptin acid synthetase both in molecular sieve chromatography and in affinity chromatography. The main properties of the reductase were: (1) ATP and NADPH were required for activity. ATP could not be replaced by GTP, ADP or AMP. NADPH could not be replaced by NADH. (2) Michaelis constants for ATP and NaDPH were 4.2 . 10(-5) M and 1.3 10(-6) M, respectively. (3) The enzyme was inhibited by leupeptin, the reaction product, and antipain. Both inhibitors have an L-argininal residue at the C-terminal structure. (4) The enzyme did not catalyze the conversion of leupeptin to leupeptin acid. Leupeptin acid reductase and leupeptin acid synthetase were found in the 10,000 x g pellet of the cell homogenate. The reductase was not released as readily from the pellet as the synthetase either by washing or by repeated freeze-thawing. Synthesis of leupeptin from acetyl-CoA, L-lucine and L-arginine in vitro was accomplished by combining leucine acyltransferase and the enzyme complex consisting of leupeptin acid synthetase an leupeptin acid reductase. PMID- 7295736 TI - Purification and properties of D-galactonate dehydratase from Mycobacterium butyricum. AB - D-Galactonate dehydratase (D-galactonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.6) catalyzes the first reaction in the D-galactonate catabolic pathway of non-pathogenic Mycobacteria. As a part of studies concerning the metabolism of D-galactose and related compounds as well as its regulation in saprophytic strains of Mycobacteria, D-galactonate dehydratase has been purified and enzymologically characterized. The enzyme has been purified 325-fold from the crude extracts of galactose-grown Mycobacterium butyricum and its molecular weight of about 270,000 has been determined by Sephadex G-200 filtration. Isolation and analysis procedures are described. The dehydratase reaction is optimal within a pH range of 7.8 - 8.0. The enzyme is strictly specific for D-galactonate; none of the other sugar acids tested serves as a substrate or inhibits the dehydration of D galactonate. The Km value for D-galactonate is 1 mM. The enzyme requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity. The dehydratase is very sensitive to SH-blockers; the most potent inhibitor is ZnSO4, which considerably inhibits the enzyme at a concentration of 2.5 - 5.0 muM. Zinc-inhibited enzyme can be reactivated by chelating agents. The dehydratase is heat-resistant but dithiothreitol renders it more sensitive on heating. PMID- 7295737 TI - Glutathione S-transferase (transferase pi) from human placenta is identical or closely related to glutathione S-transferase (transferase rho) from erythrocytes. AB - Glutathione S-transferase (RX: glutathione R-transferase, EC 2.5.1.18) from human placenta has been purified to homogeneity. This enzyme, transferase pi, is an acidic protein (isoelectric point at pH 4.8) composed of two subunits. The molecular weights for the dimer and monomer were determined by independent methods as 47,000 and 23,400, respectively. These properties are not significantly different from those of glutathione S-transferase rho from human erythrocytes. Antibodies to transferase pi reacted with the enzyme from erythrocytes but not with the basic transferases alpha - epsilon and the neutral transferase mu isolated from human liver. Antibodies to the latter enzymes did not react with the transferase from placenta. Further similarities between transferases pi and rho appear in amino acid compositions, kinetic constants and substrate specificities. Both the placental and the erythrocyte enzyme have considerably higher activity with ethacrynic acid than any other of the human glutathione S-transferases. The glutathione S-transferase could be distinguished from two additional acidic glutathione-dependent enzymes, glyoxalase I and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. It is concluded that transferase pi from placenta is identical with or very closely related to transferase rho from erythrocytes. PMID- 7295738 TI - The release of carbohydrate moieties from human fibrinogen by almond glycopeptidase without alteration in fibrinogen clottability. AB - The possible noninvolvement of the carbohydrate moiety of human fibrinogen in the clotting mechanism was examined by eliminating the neutral sugar chains from desialylated fibrinogen by almond glycopeptidase digestion. 40% of the total neutral sugars was removed from the desialylated fibrinogen. The neutral sugars from both the beta- and gamma-polypeptide chains were released equally. The protein moiety of the glycopeptidase-digested fibrinogen was found to be intact. No significant change was observed in the thrombin time(fibrinogen clottability) of the resultant fibrinogen. The results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of fibrinogen is not involved in the clotting mechanism. Oligosaccharide was detected in the glyopeptidase digest of desialylated fibrinogen by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and was found to be identical with those released quantitatively from the peptic digests of beta- and gamma-polypeptide chains. The structure of the sugar chain was identified tentatively as Gal2-GlcNAc2-Man3 GlcNAc2, by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and quantitative analysis of carbohydrate components. PMID- 7295740 TI - Muscle aldolase: the stress-dependent modification of catalytic and structural properties by rat muscle lysosomal cathepsin B. AB - Stress dependent variations in th properties of the rat muscle aldolase (D fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-lyase, EC 4.1.2.13) have been linked to the corresponding changes in the levels of proteolytic activities in rat muscle. Whole-body X-irradiation of rat was shown to result in loss of muscle aldolase activity towards fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by 50% while fructose 1-phosphate activity remained unchanged (Pote, M.S. and Altekar, W. (1980) Ind. J. Biochem, Biophys. 17, 255-262). Incubation of muscle extract of irradiated rat with that from control rat or rabbit muscle aldolase caused similar changes in aldolase activity. The changes are attributed to the action of catheptic enzymes possessing latency characteristics and capable of using aldolase as a substrate; the time course of their increase after irradiation corresponds to that of loss in muscle aldolase activities. Exposure of rats to stress resulted in an increase in the 'free' proteolytic activity, and the concomitant loss of 'bound' activity in muscle lysosomes indicates labilization of lysosomal membrane. The observed degradation of aldolase in vivo by muscle lysosomes is shown to be due to the action of cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) present in the proteolytic enzymes released into cytosol under stress. Inactivation of rabbit muscle aldolase and rat muscle aldolase by rat muscle cathepsin B inhibited by leupeptin, antipain an iodoacetamide, but not be pepstatin. Inactivation is shown to be due to the release of C-terminal tyrosine if aldolase, required for its catalytic activity. Cathepsin B who acts as a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of aldolase. Such a proteolytic modification of aldolase in vivo could be relevant not only to the regulation of aldolase activity of glycolysis in muscle but also to the degradation of aldolase during stress conditions related to tissue damage and the maintenance of normal aldolase levels in the blood. PMID- 7295739 TI - Cross-linking of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and fibronectin to fibrin by fibrin stabilizing factor. AB - Two plasma proteins, alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor and plasma fibronectin, are cross linked to fibrin by plasma transglutaminase (R-glutaminyl-peptide : amine gamma glutamyl-yltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13, fibrin stabilizing factor) when blood coagulation takes place. The cross-linking reactions of these proteins were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using these radioactively labeled proteins. Both proteins were cross-linked exclusively to the alpha-chain of fibrin, and each of these cross-linking reactions proceeded independently without being influenced by the other cross linking reaction. The cross-linking of fibronectin to the alpha-chain proceeded steadily at a rate similar to that of the cross-linked polymerization of the alpha-chain. In contrast, the cross-linking reaction of alpha2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin proceeded markedly faster than that of fibrin polymerization but did not proceed further after reaching a certain relatively low level of cross linking. Most of the cross-linked alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor molecules at this stage of the fibrin cross-linking were in the form of complex with the alpha chain monomer. The complex with the alpha-chain monomer was gradually transformed to a complex with the alpha-chain polymer as the cross-linking polymerization of the alpha chain proceeded. The rate of the transformation was the same as that for the disappearance of the alpha-chain monomer, indicating that whether the alpha-chain was cross-linked to alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor or not, the alpha-chain underwent cross-linking polymerization at the same rate. PMID- 7295741 TI - Separation of cellular phospholipid, neutral lipid and cholesterol by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7295742 TI - Specificity of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase toward monoacylglycerols varying in the acyl composition. AB - We report here that both the hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase demonstrate specificity towards the acyl group present on monoacylglycerols. We found that unsaturated glycerides are more readily degraded than saturated glycerides. However, the basis for this specificity appears to be different for each enzyme. The activity of the hepatic lipase, but not the lipoprotein lipase, could be stimulated by Triton X-100 and phosphoglycerides. We interpret these results to show that while both the lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase are sensitive to the physical state of the substrate (as shown by fluorescence depolarization), the lipoprotein lipase also has a low affinity for monoacylglycerols that contain a saturated acyl group. In the course of this study we also obtained evidence that some type of phase separation occurs when mixtures of saturated and unsaturated monoacylglycerols are prepared. PMID- 7295743 TI - De novo fatty acid synthesis in the perfused rat lung. Incorporation of palmitate into phospholipids. AB - 1. The incorporation of exogenously derived [14C]palmitate and endogenously synthesized [3H]palmitate (from 3H2O) was measured in the isolated perfused lung. 2. Over 40% of the fatty acid esterified into lung disaturated phosphatidylcholine was derived from de novo synthesis. 3. A major portion of the palmitate synthesized de novo was incorporated in the 2 position of disaturated phosphatidylcholine. 4. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the compound 5 (tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid markedly inhibited de novo fatty acid synthesis while the incorporation of exogenously supplied palmitate increased into disaturated phosphatidylcholine, primarily in the 2 position. 5. Treatment with insulin resulted in an increase in [14C]glucose incorporation into lung phospholipid, with the largest increase appearing in the glyceride-glycerol fraction of the phosphatidylcholine species. 6. Insulin neither stimulated de novo fatty acid synthesis nor increased exogenous palmitate incorporation. 7. These data show: (1) that de novo fatty acid synthesis in the perfused rat lung is involved in the remodeling reactions in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, and (2) that diabetes affects the relative contribution of de novo synthesized and exogenously supplied palmitate available for the esterification of lung phospholipid. PMID- 7295744 TI - Characterization of human high-density lipoproteins by gradient gel electrophoresis. AB - Gradient gel electrophoresis in conjunction with automated densitometry was applied to the identification and estimation of subpopulations of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the ultracentrifugal d less than or equal to 1.200 fraction from human plasma. The frequency distribution of relative migration distances (RF values) of subpopulation peaks in HDL patterns of a group (n = 194) of human subjects showed five apparent maxima: two in the RF range associated with the HDL2 subclass, and three in the RF range of the HDL3 subclass. HDL within RF intervals bounding these maxima were designated (HDL2b)gge, (HDL2a)gge, (HDL3a)gge, (HDL3b)gge and (HDL3c)gge and were shown to correspond approximately to material determined by analytic ultracentrifugation within the HDL2b, HDL2a and HDL3 components. Material represented by the HDL2a component, as resolved by three-component analysis of the ultracentrifugal Schlieren pattern, was found by gradient gel electrophoresis to be polydisperse in particle size. Mean hydrated densities and particle sizes of HDL corresponding to those with RF values of the frequency maxima were: 1.085 g/ml and 10.57 nm in the (HDL2b)gge; 1.115 g/ml and 9.16 nm in the (HDL2a)gge; 1.136 g/ml and 8.44 nm in the (HDL3a)gge; 1.154 g/ml and 7.97 nm in the (HDL3b)gge; and 1.171 g/ml and 7.62 nm in the (HDL3c)gge. The mean hydrated density values of the subpopulations within the (HDL3a)gge and (HDL3b)gge were comparable to those of the HDL3L and HDL3D components recently characterized by zonal ultracentrifugation. High order and statistically significant correlations between densitometric scans of the (HDL2b)gge, (HDL2a)gge and (HDL3)gge material, as obtained from gradient gels, and plasma concentrations of the HDL2b, HDL2a and HDL3 components, as obtained from analytic ultracentrifugation, were demonstrated. PMID- 7295745 TI - Polyoxyethylated cholesterol derivatives. Organic synthesis, cellular uptake and effect on lipid metabolism in cultured skin fibroblasts. PMID- 7295746 TI - Effects of two albumins and two detergents on the activity of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase against very low density and high density lipoprotein lipids. AB - In this study we have determined the effects of two commercial albumin preparations (Sigma and Pentex albumins) and two detergents (sodium deoxycholate and Triton X-100) on the activity of lipoprotein lipase purified from bovine milk against biosynthetically labeled triacylglycerol in very low density lipoprotein and biosynthetically labeled phosphatidylcholine in very low density and high density lipoproteins. Pentex albumin decreased the activity of lipoprotein lipase in all assays to about one-fourth to one-third of that observed with Sigma albumin. Quantitative differences were observed in the distribution of labeled surface constituents (32P-labeled phospholipids, [3H]cholesterol and 125I-labeled apolipoprotein C) among density fractions during lipolysis of very low density lipoprotein carried out in the presence of Pentex or Sigma albumins. With Pentex albumin, more phospholipids and apolipoprotein C distributed to the density fraction of d 1.04-1.21 g/ml than with Sigma albumin. Sodium deoxycholate at a concentration of up to 2 mM had little effect in all assays. Triton X-100 decreased the activity of lipoprotein lipase against very low density lipoprotein lipids but increased the activity of the enzyme against high density lipoprotein lipids. The study has thus demonstrated marked quantitative differences of lipoprotein lipase activities when determined under slightly differing incubation conditions. PMID- 7295747 TI - Interaction between macrophages and aortic smooth muscle cells. Enhancement of cholesterol esterification in smooth muscle cells by media of macrophages incubated with acetylated LDL. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 24 h in Dulbecco-Vogt medium containing 10% calf serum. This medium was replaced with Dulbecco-Vogt medium containing 1% bovine serum albumin to which all subsequent additions were made. Medium changes, accompanied by appropriate additions, were made every 48 or 72 h and the media were used for incubation of aortic smooth muscle cells, prelabeled with [3H]cholesterol. The amount of labeled cholesteryl ester in the smooth muscle cells incubated for 48 h with macrophage media which had been collected 48 144 h after addition of acetylated LDL was increased 3-4 times above that present prior to postincubation. A marked increment in cholesteryl ester mass occurred also after incubation of smooth muscle cells with macrophage media conditioned with acetylated LDL and this effect was shared by maleylated LDL, but not by other negatively charged compounds. The increase in labeled cholesteryl ester in smooth muscle cells was more pronounced with media collected at later time intervals of incubation with macrophages and was evident 8 hr after postincubation. Only the d less than 1.063 fraction of the medium enhanced cholesterol esterification in smooth muscle cells. The acetylated LDL reisolated from macrophage media at d less than 1.063 did not compete with native LDL for degradation by smooth muscle cells. No increase in degradation of 125I-labeled acetylated LDL preincubated with macrophages was observed above that of non preincubated acetylated LDL. The macrophage medium conditioned with acetylated LDL depressed [14C]acetate incorporation into sterols in smooth muscle cells and this effect was abolished by extraction of the medium with diethyl ether. The ratio of free to total cholesterol in the macrophage media collected after incubation with acetylated LDL increased from 28-70%, and a decrease occurred after incubation with smooth muscle cells. The enhancement of cholesterol esterification could be abolished by addition of high density apolipoprotein/sphingomyelin mixture during incubation with macrophages, even though excretion of free cholesterol into the medium increased 3-fold. It is proposed that when smooth muscle cells are presented with a lipoprotein in which an increase in the free to esterified cholesterol ratio occurred, and which is not recognized by a specific receptor, the enhancement of cellular cholesterol esterification is due mostly to a surface transfer of lipoprotein-free cholesterol. The present results offer another view of the possible interactions between macrophages and smooth muscle cells. A modified lipoprotein, not recognized by smooth muscle cells, is ingested by macrophages, which leads to accumulation of esterified cholesterol. Part of the esterified cholesterol undergoes hydrolysis and is excreted back into the medium, leading to enrichment of the lipoproteins in the medium with free cholesterol. This enrichment with free cholesterol promotes cholesterol esterification in smooth muscle cells. PMID- 7295749 TI - Transfer and exchange of phospholipid between small unilamellar liposomes and rat plasma high density lipoproteins. Dependence on cholesterol content and phospholipid composition. PMID- 7295748 TI - Incorporation of [3H]acetate into L-cell lipids. Dependence on method of linoleate administration and timing of the pulse label. AB - An aqueous solution containing 5 mumol of sodium linoleate was supplied to cultures of L-fibroblasts by two methods: (a) direct addition to the culture as a single dose at the start of a 48 h incubation period (method I); or (b) infusion into the culture at a constant rate throughout the same time period (method II). At 23 h and 47 h the cells were subjected to a 1 h pulse of [3H]acetate. At 23 h method I was 1.2-times as effective as method II in reducing incorporation of radioactive label into cell sterol. Conversely, the decrease in utilization of [3H]acetate for acyl group biosynthesis was 1.7-times greater by method II than by method I. At 47 h both methods had similarly reduced [3H]acetate incorporation into both fractions by 85%. Regardless of the method used for supplementation, the large decline in biosynthesis from [3H]acetate noted at 47 h was not accompanied by any corresponding decrease in the total amount of sterol synthesized. Additional data suggest that 50% of more of the decrease in [3H]acetate incorporation at this time may be attributable to metabolites derived from the unlabeled exogenous fatty acid, which act to dilute the radioactively labeled tracer and/or to inhibit endogenous lipid biosynthesis. PMID- 7295750 TI - The composition of alkanes in exhaled air of rats as a result of lipid peroxidation in vivo. Effects of dietary fatty acids, vitamin E and selenium. AB - Alkane production in exhaled air of rats has been studied as an index of lipid peroxidation in vivo in these animals. The effect of feeding essential fatty acid deficient rats varying levels of n-4, n-6 and n-7 polyunsaturated fatty acids for various periods of time has been studied with regard to the composition of the alkanes produced as well as the fatty acid composition of liver phospholipids and liver and adipose tissue triacylglycerols. It was found that the fatty acid composition of liver lipids depended markedly on the nature and the quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the diet. The composition of the alkanes produced on stimulation of lipid peroxidation in vivo by inhalation of small, non-lethal doses of carbon tetrachloride corresponded closely to the fatty acid composition of the liver phospholipids. The results strongly suggest that the alkanes produced as a result of lipid peroxidation in vivo originate from the methyl end of the fatty acid administered. So ethane is produced from n-3 acid, propane from n-4 acid, pentane from n-6 acid and hexane from n-7 acid. The amounts of a specific alkane produced increase as its corresponding fatty acid, as present in the liver phospholipids, increases. There are indications that relatively more ethane than pentane is produced on stimulation of the in vivo lipid peroxidation although there are considerably more n-6 fatty acids than n-3 fatty acids present in the liver phospholipids. PMID- 7295751 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity of lysosomal origin secreted by polymorphonuclear leucocytes during phagocytosis or on treatment with calcium. AB - 1. Peritoneal neutrophil leucocytes, derived from the rabbit, release phospholipase A (EC 3.1.1.4) activity during phagocytosis of complement-coated zymosan particles, or during treatment with Ca2+. This enzyme is able to release [1-14C]oleate from the membrane phospholipids of Escherichia coli. 2. The release of phospholipase A paralleled that of the known lysosomal marker enzymes beta glucuronidase and lysozyme. The phospholipase A would thus appear to be derived from the lysosomal granules of the cells. 3. The released enzyme is of A2 specificity, has an absolute requirement for divalent cations, and is active over a broad pH range (pH 6-9). PMID- 7295752 TI - Unusual familial lipoprotein C-III associated with apolipoprotein C-III-O preponderance. AB - Among 256 consecutive subjects so far studied in our laboratory, we found one subject (a 63-year-old female) whose very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contained unusually high amounts of apolipoprotein C III-O among apolipoprotein C-III polymorphic forms. Identification of apolipoprotein C-III-O was achieved by a combination of basic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and sialidase treatment of plasma apolipoproteins. This unusual lipoprotein was inherited by two of her four children without the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Triacylglycerols and cholesterol concentrations of VLDL, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL fractions, and serum apolipoprotein C-III levels of the three subjects with apolipoprotein C-III-O were within the normal range, as estimated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Our results clearly demonstrated that the unusual lipoproteins with the preponderance of apolipoprotein C-III-O among apolipoprotein C-III polymorphic forms were genetically determined. These cases may be a new type of genetic lipoprotein disorder. PMID- 7295754 TI - Identification of a unique mammalian species of cholyl-CoA: amino acid N acyltransferase. AB - The N-acyltransferase enzyme which catalyzes the conjugation of the CoA adducts of bile acids with amino acid has been partially purified from dog liver. Unlike the N-acyltransferase from five other mammalian species, the enzyme from dog liver was unable to synthesize glycine conjugates from cholyl-CoA in vitro even in the presence of 0.1 M glycine. The enzyme did catalyse the synthesis of taurine conjugates. Thus, the enzyme from dog liver resembles non-mammalian forms of the enzyme which also synthesize only taurine conjugates. However, the molecular weight of the enzyme from dog liver was found to be approximately 45 700, which is similar to values reported for other mammalian forms and considerably smaller than the molecular weight of 65 000 reported previously for a non-mammalian form of the enzyme. PMID- 7295753 TI - Suppression of fatty acids synthesis in brown adipose tissue of mice fed diets rich in long chain fatty acids. AB - The influence of dietary lipid on fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue has been investigated by feeding different high-fat diets to cold-acclimated mice for a period of 2 weeks. Fatty acid synthesis was measured in vivo with 3H2O, and the fats used in the study were maize oil, beef tallow and medium chain triacylglycerol oil. In the mice fed the maize oil and the beef tallow diets fatty acids synthesis was inhibited in all tissue examined--interscapular brown adipose tissue, epididymal white adipose tissue, the liver and the carcass. Synthesis was more inhibited, however, in brown adipose tissue than in other tissues, and the inhibition was greater on the maize oil diet than on the beef tallow. The medium chain triacylglycerol oil had no inhibitory effect on fatty acid synthesis in any tissue, and hepatic synthesis was even elevated on this diet. It is concluded that fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue, as in other lipogenic tissues, is subject to strong suppression by dietary long chain fatty acids, and particularly by linoleic acid. PMID- 7295755 TI - Biliary excretion of glycolipid in induced or inherited glucosylceramide lipidosis. AB - Metabolically inert L-[1-14C]glucosylceramide is stored predominantly in the liver after intravenous administration to mice. The half-time of this glycolipid analogue in the liver is 3.5 days and its clearance occurs predominantly via the bile. Within the limited number of Gaucher specimens available for examination very high levels of glucosylceramide were found in the bile of one patient and in the liver of two patients with biliary obstruction. The question of a possible relationship between biliary excretion of glycolipid and the pathogenesis of Gaucher's disease will require further studies. PMID- 7295757 TI - The effect of fasting on the activity of liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase and its inhibition by malonyl-CoA. AB - The effect of fasting on palmitoyl-CoA: carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21) in rat liver mitochondria and its inhibition by malonyl-CoA has been investigated. The activity of the outer carnitine palmitoyltransferase (transferase I) is nearly doubled after 24 h fasting, while the activity of total carnitine palmitoyltransferase (transferase I + II) increases only about 25%. The inhibition of the increased outer transferase by malonyl-CoA is decreased in fasting rats. The results suggest that carnitine palmitoyltransferase less sensitive to malonyl-CoA is exposed on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane in fasting, thus reducing the latency of the enzyme. PMID- 7295756 TI - Light stimulates the incorporation of inositol into phosphatidylinositol in the retina. AB - The incorporation of [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol in retinas of Xenopus laevis tadpoles or young adults in short-term organ culture is stimulated by light, compared to retinas maintained under identical conditions in darkness. Over 95% of the label incorporated into lipid was in phosphatidylinositol, and none was incorporated into retinal proteins. The stimulation of incorporation was localized by autoradiography to the outer plexiform layer, a neurophil composed primarily of horizontal cell processes. PMID- 7295759 TI - Salicylic acid stimulation of palmitic acid oxidation by rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. AB - The effects of salicylic acid on palmitic acid oxidation were studied using rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. Salicylic acid, in concentrations that exerted no effect on mitochondrial coupling (0.1 mM), significantly stimulated mitochondrial palmitic acid oxidation, with maximal stimulation occurring at subsaturating concentrations of substrate. In the same preparation, salicylate had no effect on the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine or palmitoyl-CoA. Salicylate appears to augment the initial step of palmitic acid oxidation by lowering the apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of long chain fatty acid: CoASH ligase (AMP) (EC 6.2.1.3) for palmitic acid. PMID- 7295758 TI - Effect of saturated and unsaturated fat diets on molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin of human plasma lipoproteins. AB - Four healthy 21-23-year-old males with normal lipoprotein patterns and plasma lipid concentrations were subjected voluntarily to two diets of 5 weeks duration each: I, highly saturated fat diet; II, highly polyunsaturated fat diet. The VLDL, LDL and HDL3 fractions were isolated by conventional ultracentrifugation from each subject on the high fat diets and the molecular species of the component phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins were identified and quantitated by GC-MS of the t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers of the corresponding diacylglycerols and ceramides. It was shown that the diet markedly and rather evenly affected the molecular species of the phosphatidylcholines of all lipoprotein classes. However, the changes in the corresponding major molecular species were reciprocal in nature and were consistent with a demonstrated relative resistance to alterations in surface fluidity. In contrast, the dietary fat had only a minor effect on the composition of the sphingomyelins, and did not alter the characteristic differential distribution of the molecular species among the low and high density lipoprotein classes. These results, which were free of the uncertainties introduced by analyses of derived fatty acid and which were obtained on samples isolated from the same subjects, clearly demonstrate that a complete equilibration of the molecular species of the phospholipids is not attained amont the plasma lipoprotein classes even in the fasting state. The possible physico-chemical and metabolic basis of these observations is briefly discussed. PMID- 7295760 TI - Uptake of chylomicron [3H]cholesteryl linoleyl ether by mesenchymal rat heart cell cultures. PMID- 7295761 TI - The role of lipoprotein lipase in the assimilation of cholesteryl linoleyl ether by cultured cells incubated with labeled chylomicrons. PMID- 7295762 TI - Tissue dependence of retinoic acid metabolism in vivo. AB - Metabolites formed in vivo from [3H]retinoic acid dosed intrajugularly to vitamin A-deficient rats and to vitamin A-deficient rats supplemented orally with unlabeled retinoic acid were investigated. Extracts of liver, small intestinal mucosa, kidney, testes and serum were separated into charged uncharged fractions by DEAE-Sephadex. This allowed the direct application of 20-40% of the combined charged extracts from up to six organs to be loaded onto a high-performance liquid chromatography column. The large aliquot size plus the use of relatively high specific activity [3H]retinoic acid resulted in detection of nanomolar metabolite quantities. The substantial resolution achieved with the high performance liquid chromatography gradient system aided in demonstrating the complexity, extent and variations of retinoic acid metabolism in vivo, The metabolic profiles changed with retinoic acid pretreatment, time after dose and tissue source. Some 3H-labeled metabolites were predominant in vitamin A deficient animals; others appeared to be predominant in the retinoic acid supplemented animals. The gross effect of retinoic acid supplementation was to both accelerate retinoic acid metabolism and cause an accumulation of more polar metabolites. It appears that retinoic acid metabolism in vivo is a complex process that occurs through multiple metabolites, which are, at least partially, tissue-specific. PMID- 7295763 TI - Pool sizes of the precursors for phosphatidylcholine synthesis in developing rat lung. AB - 1. Pulmonary maturation in the rat is accompanied by a 30% postnatal increase in the pool size of choline, a 4-fold overall prenatal and postnatal decrease in the level of cholinephosphate, a 3-fold decrease in CDPcholine levels and a 2-fold increase in the content of phosphatidylcholine. 2. The level of 1,2-diacyl-sn glycerol in rat lung increases 5-fold during the fetal and neonatal periods. Only minor alterations were noted in the fatty acid composition. 3. These results are consistent with an increase in the relative rates of the cholinephosphate cytidylyl-transferase and cholinephosphotransferase steps of phosphatidylcholine production during pulmonary maturation. The relative rate of the step catalyzed by phosphatidate phosphohydrolase may also be increased. PMID- 7295764 TI - Cholesterol esterification by rat adrenal gland. Inhibition by local anesthetics in vitro. AB - Cholesterol esterification was studied in rat adrenal gland, adrenal homogenates and isolated adrenal microsomes. In whole gland and homogenates, the local anesthetic, lidocaine, inhibited the incorporation of [1-14C]oleate and [1 14C]oleoyl-CoA, respectively, into labeled cholesteryl esters in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of sterol esterification in the preparations reached 50% at about 2 mM. Various other local anesthetics (tetracaine, dibucaine and benzocaine) also inhibited sterol esterification in adrenal homogenates but were more potent than lidocaine; in each case, 90% inhibition occurred at anesthetic levels of 1 mM. Since sterol esterification in the adrenal gland is a function of microsomal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26), the enzyme was assayed in isolated adrenal microsomes in the presence of lidocaine while using [14C]oleoyl-CoA as a substrate for labeled cholesteryl ester formation. Inhibition of the enzymes by lidocaine was confirmed, with 50% inhibition occurring between 0.5 and 0.75 mM lidocaine. Lidocaine may be useful as a tool in studies on the regulation of adrenal sterol esterification. PMID- 7295765 TI - The fat globule size distribution in human milk. AB - The size distribution of fat globules in human colostrum and milk was measured using a conductometric method. The number-, surface- and volume-frequency functions were analyzed and various parameters related to the stability of the polydisperse fat emulsion were calculated. The shape of the distribution curves suggests the presence of sub-populations of differently sized particles. A postulated sub-population of small globules with a size frequency maximum below 1 micrometer comprises 70-90% of the number of globules but only a few percent of the fat volume. A sub-population of medium-sized globules with a size frequency maximum around 4 micrometer comprises the largest amount of the fat. A shoulder in the distribution curves around 8-12 micrometer indicates a third population of large globules. They contribute about 0.01% to the number of fat globules but represent 1-4% of the milk fat. The height but not the position of the maximum of the sub-distributions changed throughout lactation. This affected the size related parameters such as the overall mean globule diameter. The volume/surface average diameter increased from about 1.8 micrometer in colostrum to 4.0 micrometer after 4-5 months of lactation. The range of globule size is similar in human and cow's milk and milk of some other species. Compared to cow's milk human milk contains more small fat globules, especially at the earlier stages of lactation. PMID- 7295766 TI - Evidence for the lack of classical secretory phospholipase A2 in guinea-pig pancreas. AB - Several lipolytic enzymes from guinea-pig pancreas have been determined in a soluble extract and in a purified zymogen granule fractions. The positional specificity of phospholipolytic enzymes was detected using phospholipids bearing various radioactive labels. It is shown that guinea-pig pancreatic extracts are able to release both fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine, but with more efficiency towards the fatty acid occupying the 1-position of sn-glycerol. Evidence is given that guinea-pig pancreas lacks the classical secretory phospholipase A2 and that phospholipid digestion is achieved through the sequential action of phospholipase A1 and lysophospholipase. PMID- 7295767 TI - Effect of alpha-actinin on actin structure: viscosity studies. AB - The effect of ATP on ability of alpha-actinin to increase viscosity of F-actin was measured in three different solutions: 100 mM KCl; 100 mM KCl/l mM Mg2+; and Mg2+ alone at concentrations of 1-6 mM. When ATP and Mg2+ are added at equimolar ratios or at added [ATP] to added [Mg2+] greater than equimolar, alpha-actinin has no effect on F-actin viscosity in the absence of KCl. ATP decreases viscosity of alpha-actinin/F-actin mixtures by 20% even in the presence of KCl, evidently because ATP affects the alpha-actinin-F-actin interaction. Molar ratios of 1 alpha-actinin to 49 actins increase specific viscosity of F-actin approx. 2-fold at 37 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM ATP, so ATP does not prevent the alpha actinin-F-actin interaction. PMID- 7295768 TI - Identification of an abnormal hemoglobin with reduced oxygen affinity by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7295769 TI - The structure and organization of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the chromaffin granule membrane. AB - Chromaffin granules have been purified from bovine adrenal medullae. The granule membranes have been cross-linked with the disulphide-bridged bifunctional imido ester, dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobissuccinimidylpropionate hydrochloride. Analysis of the cross-linked proteins by electrophoresis on agarose/acrylamide gels revealed components of M(r) 300 000 and 150 000. Further analysis of samples by electrophoresis in a second dimension containing a reducing agent revealed the monomeric species from which the cross-linked polypeptides were formed. The major component in the second dimension exhibited a molecular weight of approx. 80 000 and could be identified with dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylamine ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1). It is proposed that dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the intact granule membrane is arranged as a tetramer consisting of two disulphide-bridged dimers of the 80 000 subunit in close apposition. This structural arrangement of the membrane-bound form of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase is identical with that previously proposed for the soluble, intra-granular form of the enzyme. PMID- 7295770 TI - Amino acid sequence of horse colipase B. AB - The complete sequence of the 96 residues composing horse colipase B has been determined by automated analysis of the intact protein, of two CNBr peptides and two tryptic peptides arising, respectively, from the citraconylated chain and from the unreduced protein. The single histidine of the protein is located at position 29 as in horse colipase A. His86, present in the C-terminal region of the pig cofactor and supposed to play a role in the folding molecule, is not conserved in horse B. Large pieces of the pig and horse B chains were found to be identical or very similar, especially the N-terminal sequence and the central segment Ala49-Cys65 including the three tyrosines of the molecule. The four lysines and the ten half cystines are also conserved. PMID- 7295771 TI - Magnetic and natural circular dichroism spectra of cytochgromes P-450(11) beta and P-450scc purified from bovine adrenal cortex. AB - Magnetic (MCD) and natural circular dichroism (CD) spectra various complexes of cytochrome P-450(11) beta (P-450(11) beta) and cytochrome P-450scc (P-450scc) from bovine adrenal cortex were measured from 250 nm to 700 nm. MCD and CD spectral contours of cytochromes P-450(11) beta and P-450scc in the Soret and visible regions were, as a whole, analogous to those of cytochromes P-450 from rabbit liver microsomes and also from Pseudomonas putida in their high-spin ferric, high-spin ferrous and ferrous-CO complexes. MCD spectrum of the low-spin ferric P-450scc free from the substrate, cholesterol, was very similar to that caused by addition of 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, a reaction intermediate. However, it was distinct from those of the low-spin ferric P-450(11) beta and P 450scc complexes caused by addition of external nitrogenous ligands. The electronic states of the heme in the low-spin ferric P-450 free from substrates seemed to be subtly different from those of low-spin complexes coordinated with external nitrogenous ligands. Soret CD spectra of ferric low-spin complexes were not so different from each other. Upon reduction of high-spin ferric P-450(11) beta or P-450scc, the Soret CD magnitudes increased significantly in contrast with those of other P-450s, the Soret CD magnitudes of which decrease upon reduction. This may reflect an increased proximity of the neighbouring aromatic groups upon reduction of high-spin P-450(11) beta or P-450scc. High substrate specificity of adrenal P-450s compared with liver P-450s can be explained in view of the above findings. THe CD spectra in the near ultraviolet region (250-350 nm) were found to be quite sensitive to the spin change for ferric P-450scc, while the MCD spectra in this region did not reflect substantially the spin state of the enzyme. MCD parameters of cytochrome P-450s were compared to those of other hemoproteins in diagrams describing selected MCD spectral values of hemoproteins so far available and were discussed in connection with the structures of the heme environment of P-450. PMID- 7295772 TI - Interactions of human serum albumin with some alkylureas. AB - The interactions of human albumin with urea, methyl-, N,N'-dimethyl-, ethyl-, N,N'-diethyl-, propyl-, and butylurea were studied by means of calorimetry and circular dichroism. It has been found that the enthalpies of interaction of the alkylureas with human serum albumin are distinctly different from those of urea. Thus, the transfer of the protein from water to aqueous urea solutions is accompanied by release of heat, i.e., the overall reaction is exothermic, whereas the transfer of the same protein of solutions of alkylureas is characterized by consumption of heat, i.e., the overall reaction is endothermic. By examining the far ultraviolet circular dichroism in behavior reflects the presence of the hydrophobic moiety in the urea molecule. PMID- 7295773 TI - Amino acid sequence of myoglobin from Aplysia kurodai. PMID- 7295775 TI - Similarity of biotin-binding activity and immunoreactivity in chicken oviduct and non-oviduct avidin. AB - Biotin-binding and immunological methods were employed to demonstrate the similarity of oviduct and non-oviduct avidin in the chicken. Oviduct avidin was induced after oestrogen pretreatment by progesterone and non-oviduct avidin by intestinal tissue injury or by intraperitoneal actinomycin D administration. Avidin in the intestine, lung, bursa of Fabricius, plasma, pectoral muscle and liver after injury had biotin-binding activity similar to that of progesterone induced oviduct avidin: (1) a temperature of 79-83 degree C was required for 50% of the maximum [14C]biotin uptake, (2) maximal exchange occurred only at 90 or 100 degree C and (3) denaturation of protein, i.e., loss of biotin-binding activity, was not yet observed at 100 degree C. Avidin in the intestine, lung, bursa of Fabricius, plasma and pectoral muscle also showed an identical cross reaction with oviduct avidin. Furthermore, the increase in avidin-like biotin binding in the oviduct and most non-oviduct tissues was significantly correlated with the increase in avidin-like antigen in the tissue. This indicates that avidin induced in chicken non-oviduct tissues by injury or inflammation caused by actinomycin D administration is similar to progesterone-dependent oviduct avidin. PMID- 7295774 TI - Direct renaturation of the dodecyl sulfate complexes of proteins with Triton X 100. AB - A simple procedure is described for renaturing dodecyl sulfate-unfolded enzymes. The method involves the direct addition of a large molar excess of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 to protein-dodecyl sulfate complexes either in solution or as a band on a polyacrylamide gel. The cytoplasmic enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase have been renatured by this protocol. On the other hand, no recovery of activity was found with the mitochondrial isoenzymes of malate dehydrogenase or the mitochondrial enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase or fumarase. Possible implications of the differences in the ability of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes to renature under these conditions are discussed in terms of their biosynthesis. PMID- 7295776 TI - Resonance Raman spectra of bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450SCC. AB - Resonance Raman spectra were observed for a mitochondria-type cytochrome p-450 (P 450SCC) for the first time. Reduced P-450SCC at pH 7.4 exhibited the V4 line at 1342 cm-1, which is an unusually low frequency compared with an ordinary protohemoprotein but is common to the family of cytochrome P-450, suggesting the coordination of a strong pi-donor such as thiolate anion at the fifth coordination position of the heme iron. The anomaly was preserved for the CO complex of the reduced form. The V10 line of oxidized P-450SCC with a substrate was observed at 1617 cm-1. This frequency and those of other structure-sensitive bands implied that the heme iron of oxidized P-450SCC adopts the hexa-coordinate high-spin structure, in contrast with the high-spin type cytochrome P-450 purified from phenobarbital- or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rabbit liver microsomes which presumably have a penta-coordinate structure. In the presence of 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol, oxidized P-450SCC gave the V10 line at 1637 cm-1, i.e., at a frequency similar to that of low-spin type cytochrome P-450. The alkaline-denatured P-420SCC preparation in the presence of both dithiothreitol and EDTA, but not the P-450SCC gave the V10 line at 1637 cm-1, i.e., at a frequency similar to that of low-spin type cytochrome P-450. The alkaline denatured P-420SCC preparation in the presence of both dithiothreitol and EDTA, but not the P-450SCC. PMID- 7295777 TI - Functional studies of two new abnormal hemoglobins with their mutation located at intersubunit contacts: Hb Hotel Dieu beta99 (G1) Asp replaced by Gly and Hb Pitie Salpetriere beta34 (B16) Val replaced by Phe. AB - The functional properties of two new abnormal hemoglobins with high oxygen affinity were studied. Hb Hotel Dieu beta99 (G1) Asp replaced by Gly is situated in the alpha1beta2 contact. Hb Pitie Salpetriere beta34 (B16) Val replaced by Phe is situated in the alpha1beta1 contact. Both hemoglobins exhibited similar functional properties with a 10-fold increased oxygen affinity, a decreased cooperativity, a decreased Bohr effect and a normal or slightly decreased 2,3 diphosphoglycerate effect. The structure-function relationship is discussed in the light of these results. PMID- 7295778 TI - High yield coupling of peptides to protein carriers. AB - Coupling of peptides to protein carriers has been achieved at a high level of peptide incorporation. Bovine serum albumin was used as the model carrier protein and several peptides were tested in the coupling reaction. The peptides were coupled to succinylated bovine serum albumin after conversion of its carboxyl side chains to the reactive p-nitrophenyl ester group by reaction with p nitrophenol/N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in anhydrous dimethylformamide. The reaction afforded succinyl-albumin-peptide conjugates that had high level of peptide incorporation (18-35 mol peptide/mol albumin). In addition to the high level of peptide coupling, the reaction avoids the production of polymeric forms of peptide, protein or conjugate. PMID- 7295779 TI - Circular dichroism study of horse colipase interaction with bile salt. PMID- 7295780 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism studies of cytochrome P-450cam. Characterization of axial ligands of ferric and ferrous low-spin complexes. AB - MCD was applied to ferric and ferrous low-spin complexes of cytochrome P-450 cam to elucidate the electronic states and the nature of the axial ligands of the heme in cytochrome P-450cam. (1) Low-spin complexes of ferric cytochrome P 450cam, produced either by ligation of external ligands such as pyridine and imidazole derivatives or by being freed of (-)-camphor, showed sinusoidal Soret and alpha-MCD bands. The magnitude ratio of the Soret vs. alpha-MCD bands was quite sensitive to the nature of axial ligands of the ferric low-spin complexes. The ratio (2.7) for the camphor-free form of cytochrome P-450cam, thus, was the smallest among those (2.7-9.0) for low-spin forms of cytochrome P-450cam and other corresponding low-spin hemoproteins (ratio 7.8-13.9). The ratio (4.2) for the alpha-picoline-bound form of cytochrome P-450cam, however, was the closest to that (2.7) for the camphor-free form of cytochrome P-450cam among those (4.2-9.0) for the external ligand-bound form of cytochrome P-450cam. The ratio for the 2 methylimidazole-bound form of cytochrome P-450cam was the smallest among those of cytochrome P-450cam bound with imidizole derivatives. Thus, among the nitrogen bound low-spin forms, the low-spin form with a sterically hindered nitrogen ligand trans to the thiolate anion (-S-) most reproduced spectral characteristics of the native low-spin ferric form. Low-temperature absorption studies offered the same results. (2) It was found that MCD magnitudes of alpha-bands of ferrous low-spin complexes are intimately related to the electronic character of axial ligands. Thus, the CO, O2 and NO-bound forms of cytochrome P-450cam, which have two pi-type axial ligands, showed the smallest alpha-MCD bands ([theta]M = 5.2 7.5) among complexes, while ferrous cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c, which have two sigma-electron-donating axial ligands, showed the largest magnitude ([theta]M = 120-176). The data for the ferrous low-spin complexes of other hemoproteins so far available were well rationalized in consideration of the property of the axial ligands. PMID- 7295781 TI - Corneal and scleral collagen fiber formation in vitro. AB - We have investigated the role of structural differences in collagen molecules and the effect of proteoglycan preparations on the control of collagen fibril formation. Collagen and proteoglycans were extracted, purified and characterized from two structurally and functionally different connective tissues, rabbit corneal stroma and sclera. Corneal collagen was found to form fibers 6- to 7 times more slowly than scleral type I collagen. Proteoglycans from both sources retard fibrillogenesis, with corneal proteoglycans having approximately 3-times the effect observed with scleral proteoglycans. The morphology of the fibers formed was normal in all cases. Therefore, the changes observed may reflect a true control mechanism related to the strict morphological arrangement associated with corneal transparency. PMID- 7295782 TI - The influence of beta-93 sulfhydryl groups, organic phosphate and heme concentration on methemoglobin reduction. AB - Native and modified methemoglobin (beta-93-SH groups blocked) were reduced by NADH-dependent methemoglobin reductase in the absence and the presence of organic phosphate (inositol hexaphosphate). These experiments were performed with dilute as well as concentrated methemoglobin solutions (physiological heme concentration). It is shown that: (a) in dilute solutions the blockage of beta-93 SH groups lowers the rate of methemoglobin reduction in the absence of organic phosphate but the rates of native and modified methemoglobin reduction are similar in the presence of organic phosphate; (b) at physiological heme concentration the blockage of beta-93-SH groups does not affect the rate of reduction but the organic phosphate stimulates the reduction of both native and modified methemoglobins in a similar fashion, as it does in dilute solutions. It is concluded that, although in dilute solutions the blockage of beta-93-SH groups alters the reduction rate, at physiological heme concentration the presence of free beta-93-SH groups does not have any significant effect on methemoglobin reduction. On the contrary, the organic phosphates do accelerate the rate of reduction at all ranges of heme concentration. PMID- 7295784 TI - Quasielastic light scattering study of solutions of synthetic myosin filaments. AB - Autocorrelation functions of the intensity fluctuations of light quasielastically scattered from solutions of synthetic myosin filaments were measured by means of single photon counting. The angular distribution of the total scattering intensity was measured simultaneously, and a supplementary investigation of depolarized light scattering was also performed. The light scattering data were analyzed based on the length distributions of synthetic filaments observed under an electron microscope. The results showed that synthetic filaments in a solution behave essentially as rods. The hydrodynamic frictional coefficient of synthetic filaments, however, was shown to be about twice as high as would be expected if the filaments took a "concept' conformation. This strongly suggests the existence of certain projections which are widely spread from the filament backbone in a solution. The molecular weight of the synthetic filament was calculated using the observed values of the translational diffusion coefficient and the sedimentation coefficient. The number of myosin molecules per 14.3 nm repeat was shown to be six or greater, which suggests that synthetic filaments lack an effective width limiting mechanism which is presumed in the native thick filament. Additions of Ca2+, Mg2+ and ATP, alone or in combination, have been shown to cause no notable changes in the light scattering profile of synthetic filaments. PMID- 7295783 TI - Glycoproteins from adult rat brain synaptic vesicles. Fractionation on four immobilized lectins. AB - Glycoproteins obtained from large amounts of highly purified synaptic vesicles isolated from adult rat brain were fractionated by sequential affinity chromatography in the presence of SDS on four different immobilized lectins: concanavalin A, Ulex europeus lectin, Ricinus sanguinis lectin and wheat germ agglutinin. 83% of the total protein-bound sugar of synaptic vesicles can be adsorbed on the lectins and separated from the bulk of carbohydrate free proteins. Nine fractions containing only glycoproteins and differing by their terminal sugars were separated by analysed for their carbohydrate composition and electrophoretic profiles. A considerable heterogeneity of the glycoprotein population was observed which cannot be explained solely by the microheterogeneity of the glycans of the synaptic vesicle glycoproteins. PMID- 7295785 TI - Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins in insect muscle. Isolation and properties of locust calmodulin. AB - No sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins reminiscent of those-described in other arthropods could be detected in locust flight and leg muscle. Instead, these tissue are rich in calmodulin. The purification and functional properties of this protein, which was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, are very similar to those of calmodulin from bovine brain. PMID- 7295786 TI - Metabolism of 2-oxoacid analogues of leucine, valine and phenylalanine by heart muscle, brain and kidney of the rat. AB - [1-14C]-Labelled 2-oxoacid analogues of leucine, valine and phenylalanine were used to study the metabolism of these 2-oxoacids in the brain, kidney and heart muscle of rats. By following the 14CO2 release during 30-60 min of incubation at 37 degrees C the decarboxylation rate was determined and measurement of the 14C incorporation into the corresponding amino acid yielded the transamination rate. From these rates, decarboxylation/transamination ratios could be calculated which are indicative for the metabolic fate of the 2-oxoacid in the various organs. The results obtained show that all three tissues are capable of utilizing the 2 oxoacid analogues of leucine, valine and phenylalanine, however, to a different extent: kidney greater than heart muscle greater than brain. The decarboxylation/transamination ratios reveal that the branched-chain 2-oxoacids are predominantly decarboxylated in kidney and heart muscle while in brain they are mainly transaminated. The ratios calculated for phenylpyruvate in all tissues are within 0.19 and 0.36, indicating that this 2-oxoacid is preferentially transaminated. The results are discussed with respect to possible dietary alterations of enzymes involved in 2-oxoacid metabolism in order to improve transamination of these compounds. PMID- 7295787 TI - Effect of inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes on glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase in rat liver. AB - Cytosolic glutathione reductase activity of rat liver was shown to increase to about 250% of control values after treatment of the animals by intraperitoneal injections of trans-stilbene oxide. The time course and dose-response relationship of the induction brought about by trans-stilbene oxide were determined. The increase of activity was accompanied by a similar increase of protein precipitable by antibodies to rat liver glutathione reductase. These results strongly indicate that increase of glutathione reductase activity in response to treatment with this inducer is the result of true induction. Phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene increased the activities per mg protein in the cytosol fraction by 80 and 24%, respectively. Glutathione reductase was purified to homogeneity from rats treated with trans-stilbene oxide. The molecular and kinetic properties investigated were not significantly different from those of the enzyme from control animals. Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase was not induced in the hepatic cytosol of animals treated with trans stilbene oxide. PMID- 7295788 TI - Partial purification and properties of the cytoplasmic factors modulating adenylate cyclase activity in rat lung plasma membranes. AB - The adult rat lung supernatant contains some factors which markedly enhance adenylate cyclase activity in membranes (Nijjar, M.S. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 584, 43-50). These factors were separated into two less active components (peaks 1 and 2) by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. However, their recombination restored the full activation of adenylate cyclase. Further purification and characterization of these factors revealed that the activator in peak 1 contained two proteins of low (14 500) and high (65 000) molecular weight whereas the activator in peak 2 contained only one protein of 65 000. The kinetics of adenylate cyclase activation revealed that both the Km and V values were affected. The data also demonstrate that calmodulin was not involved in the cytoplasmic activation of adenylate cyclase in rat lungs. PMID- 7295789 TI - Mobilization of iron from ferritin by isolated mitochondria. Effects of species compatibility between ferritin and mitochondria and iron content of ferritin. AB - Mitochondria mobilize iron from ferritin by a mechanism that depends on external FMN. With rat liver mitochondria, the rate of mobilization of iron is higher from rat liver ferritin than from horse spleen ferritin. With horse liver mitochondria, the rate of iron mobilization is higher from horse spleen ferritin than from rat liver ferritin. The results are explained by a higher affinity between mitochondria and ferritins of the same species. The mobilization of iron increases with the iron content of the ferritin and then levels off. A maximum is reached with ferritins containing about 1 200 iron atoms per molecule. The results represent further evidence that ferritin may function as a direct iron donor to the mitochondria. PMID- 7295790 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the oligosaccharide moieties of rat preputial beta-glucuronidase. AB - The oligosaccharide alditols of rat preputial gland beta-glucuronidase have been isolated by reductive alkaline hydrolysis of the enzyme followed by gel filtration. Since the product was about decasaccharide in size, and as beta glucuronidase contains about 20 sugar residues per subunit, the enzyme must contain two oligosaccharides per subunit. Two major subfractions were obtained. Chemical and enzymatic studies on the initial oligosaccharide alditol fraction and on the separated subfractions indicated the presence of a mannosyl chitobiosyl core and permitted formulation of the following structures for the two different oligosaccharide alditols: Man3 leads to alpha [(alpha Man, GlcNAc) leads to Man] leads to beta GlcNAc leads to beta GlcNAc-ol Man 3 leads to 4 leads to alpha[Man2 leads to alpha Man] leads to beta GlcNAc leads to beta GLcNAc-ol. PMID- 7295791 TI - The oxidation of L- and D-cysteine to inorganic sulfate and taurine in the rat. AB - Oral administration of L-cysteine to rats (8 mmol/kg body wt.) caused a rapid increase of the concentration of cystine in serum, from less than 5 micro M in controls to about 200 micro M. Concomitantly, the serum concentration of inorganic sulfate increased, reaching a peak 2 h after L-cysteine administration; this level, twice the control level, was maintained for 4 h. Serum sulfate returned to control concentration 23 h after L-cysteine administration. The urinary excretion of inorganic sulfate during the 24 h after administration increased considerably, and 33% of the dose of L-cysteine was recovered as inorganic sulfate in urine. Consumption of comparable amounts of L-cysteine via the food caused the same increase in urinary excretion of sulfate, but did not increase the concentration of sulfate in serum. After oral administration of D cysteine (8 mmol/kg body wt.), very high cystine levels were reached in serum (mean concentration about 1500 microM); the sulfate concentration was already maximal 30 min after administration. The increase in urinary excretion of sulfate after D-cysteine was also higher than after L-cysteine administration: 55% of the dose. Possible routes for the rapid degradation of D-cysteine to inorganic sulfate are discussed. The administration of L-cysteine also caused an increase the serum concentration of taurine, while methionine was not influenced. D Cysteine did not increase the serum concentration of taurine, indicating that it is probably not or only slowly converted to taurine. PMID- 7295792 TI - The involvement of parenchymal, Kupffer and endothelial liver cells in the hepatic uptake of intravenously injected liposomes. Effects of lanthanum and gadolinium salts. AB - 125I-labeled albumin or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) encapsulated in intermediate size multilamellar or unilamellar liposomes with 30-40% of cholesterol were injected intravenously into rats. In other experiments liposomes containing phosphatidyl[Me-14C]choline was injected. 1 h after injection parenchymal or non parenchymal cells were isolated. Non-parenchymal cells were separated by elutriation centrifugation into a Kupffer cell fraction and an endothelial cell fraction. From the measurements of radioactivities in the various cell fractions it was concluded that the liposomes are almost exclusively taken up by the Kupffer cells. Endothelial cells did not contribute at all and hepatocytes only to a very low extent to total hepatic uptake of the 125I-labels. Of the 14C label, which orginates from the phosphatidylcholine moiety of the liposomes, much larger proportions were recovered in the hepatocytes. A time-dependence study suggested that besides the involvement of phosphatidylcholine exchange between liposomes and high density lipoprotein, a process of intercellular transfer of lipid label from Kupffer cells to the hepatocytes may be involved in this phenomenon. Lanthanum or gadolinium salts, which effectively block Kupffer cell activity, failed to accomplish an increase in the fraction of liposomal material recovered in the parenchymal cells. This is compatible with the notion that liposomes of the type used in these experiments have no, or at most very limited, access to the liver parenchyma following their intravenous administration to rats. PMID- 7295793 TI - Characterization of arginase activity from mouse epidermis and its relation to ornithine decarboxylase induction by the tumor-promoting agent, 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. AB - Arginase, which catalyzes the cleavage of L-arginine to urea and ornithine, was detected in both soluble and particulate fractions of mouse epidermis. In a typical experiment, about 75 and 25% of the total arginase activity was associated with the soluble (100 000 X g supernatant) and the washed particulate fraction, respectively. Both soluble and particulate enzymes required the presence of divalent Mn2+ for activity. Arginase activity was increased by about 50% in the particulate fraction, but not in the soluble fraction, by preheating the fractions at either 50 or 55 degrees C in the presence of 15 mM MnCl2. Enzyme activity in both fractions, in the absence of 15 mM MnCl2, dropped precipitously during heating. A comparison of the nature of arginases in the soluble and particulate fractions revealed similar Km values (13 mM) and pH optima (9.5) and identical heat denaturation curves. Application of 10 nmol of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to mouse skin did not increase arginase activity in either fraction over a period of 24 h. In contrast, there was a large increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity in the soluble fraction 4.5 h after treatment. Mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity was much less than arginase activity and was predominantly localized in the soluble fraction. These results indicate that the normal level of arginase activity is not a limiting factor for the stimulation of polyamine biosynthesis by TPA. High arginase activity in mouse epidermis may play a role in providing ornithine for polyamine biosynthesis and in the production of glutamate and proline as well as in the production of keratinous proteins. PMID- 7295794 TI - Bacterial metabolism of ethylene glycol. AB - Metabolism of ethylene glycol as the sole source of carbon by a species of Flavobacterium was affected by the dissolved oxygen tension of the growth medium. Under strongly aerobic conditions the diol was exclusively metabolised to glycollate by an initial oxidase, subsequently metabolised to acetyl-CoA with no net change in ATP, and then oxidised to CO2 by the tricarboxylic acid cycle yielding large amounts of reduced nicotinamide nucleotides which were used to generate a net gain in ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Under microaerophilic conditions, some ethylene glycol after initial metabolism to acetyl-CoA by the oxidase-inhibited pathway, was subsequently catabolised to acetyl phosphate and then acetate, yielding a net gain in ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation: additionally some diol was catabolised by an inducible diol dehydratase to acetaldehyde and subsequently reduced to ethanol as a terminal metabolite. PMID- 7295795 TI - Characterization of an antiserum against the glucocorticoid receptor. AB - An immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction from serum of a rabbit immunized with a highly purified preparation of glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver cytosol contained specific antibodies to glucocorticoid receptor. This was shown following incubation of the [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-glucocorticoid receptor (TA-GR) complex with the IgG fraction by (I) adsorption of the [3H]triamcinolone acetonide-glucocorticoid receptor (TA-GR) complex with the IgG fraction by (I) adsorption of the [3H]TA-GR-antibody complex to protein A linked to Sepharose, (II) an increased sedimentation rate of the [3H]TA-GR-antibody complex compared to that of the [3H]TA-GR complex, and (III) an increased molecular size of the [3H]TA-GR-antibody complex when compared to that of the [3H]TA-GR complex as judged from gel filtration. The antibody fraction was characterized with regard to titer, cross-reactivity and specificity. The antibodies cross-reacted with the glucocorticoid receptor from various rat tissues (liver, thymus and hippocampus), as well as with the glucocorticoid receptor from human normal lymphocytes, chronic lymphatic leukemia cells and human hippocampus. In the rat liver, the antibody bound to both the nuclear and the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor (stokes radius 6.1 nm). It did not cross-react with the proteolytic fragments of the glucocorticoid receptors, the 3.6 nm complex or the 1.9 nm complex. Binding of the antibodies was not seen to the androgen, estrogen or progestin receptors in rat or to rat serum transcortin. With an indirect competitive ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) combined with various separation techniques, based on different physicochemical principles, it was shown that the glucocorticoid receptor was the only detectable antibody binding protein from rat liver cytosol using this assay system. These findings also indicate an immunochemical similarity between glucocorticoid receptors in different tissues as well as in different species, but not between glucocorticoid receptors and other steroid hormone receptor proteins. The cytosolic and nuclear glucocorticoid receptors in rat liver were shown to be immunochemically similar. PMID- 7295796 TI - The role of oligosaccharide in transport of egg yolk riboflavin-binding protein to the egg. AB - The carbohydrate portion of chicken egg yolk riboflavin-binding protein was examined to determine its role in the biological activity of the protein. Yolk RBP was found to contain 5--6 mannose, five galactose, 12 N-acetylglucosamine and four sialic acid residues. Specific modifications of the oligosaccharide moiety were performed which included removal of sialic acid by mild acid hydrolysis, oxidation of galactose by galactose oxidase, and removal of N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues by a mixture of glycosidases from Aspergillus niger. All of the modified proteins retained the ability to bind riboflavin although their capacities were lower than that of native yolk RBP. Circular dichroism of the modified yolk RBP samples showed changes in the near ultraviolet, but molar ellipticities in the far ultraviolet displayed only minor variations indicating no gross structural changes. All samples cross-reacted with RBP-specific antiserum. The plasma half-life of 125I-labeled yolk RBP was 62 min. Each of the modified samples was cleared more rapidly from the blood than native yolk RBP. Removal of sialic acid decreased the half-life of yolk RBP by 31%, while the other modifications decreased the half-life by as much as 60%. During a 10-day period following injection of 125I-labeled yolk RBP, 5.9% of the labeled protein was recovered from egg yolk. Relative to native yolk RBP, the transport of asialo yolk RBP was decreased by 82%. The other modifications resulted in even less transport to the egg, the lowest being glycosidase-treated asialo-yolk RBP which was decreased by over 99%. By comparison of samples with similar clearance times, a positive correlation was made between sialic acid and ovarian transport. PMID- 7295797 TI - Early change in mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity of rat liver during 2 acetylaminofluorene feeding. AB - The activities of mitochondrial type A and B monoamine oxidase were determined in the liver of rats fed a diet containing 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Three days after the initiation of AAF-feeding, there was a significant decrease of type B monoamine oxidase activity without affect on type A enzyme. The decreased activity of type B monoamine oxidase, which reached a minimum after three weeks, was sustained for as long as AAF-feeding was continued. Sex-related difference in response to AAF was seen in the rat with respect to the onset and the intensity of the decreased type B monoamine oxidase activity, male rats being more sensitive to the carcinogen than female rats. In contrast to the in vivo effect, AAF showed a potent inhibitory effect on type A monoamine oxidase, rather than on type B enzyme, when added in vitro. The pI50 values were estimated to be 7.5 against type A monoamine oxidase and 4.1 against type B enzyme, respectively. The in vitro inhibition of both types of monoamine oxidase by AAF was competitive. The Ki values for AAF were calculated to be 9.51 x 10(-9)M for type A monoamine oxidase and 1.30 x 10(-5)M for type B enzyme, respectively. In accordance with the potent inhibitory effect of AAF on type A monoamine oxidase in vitro, a single administration of the carcinogen, at a dose of 50 mg/kg, resulted in a marked and temporal decrease of the enzyme activity in the mitochondria of male rat liver. Recovery of the decreased type B monoamine oxidase activity was slow, and the enzyme activity did not return to control levels, even if rats were fed the basal diet for 2 or 4 weeks after the cessation of AAF-feeding PMID- 7295798 TI - Thermal stability, mechanical properties and reducible cross-links of rat tail tendon in experimental diabetes. AB - Thermal stability (measured as isometric contraction force), biomechanical properties and reducible cross-links were measured in tail tendons from streptozotocin diabetic rats, with and without insulin treatment. After 10 days of diabetes the maximum thermal contraction force was unchanged, but the relaxation following the maximal contraction was retarded. After 30 days the maximum contraction force was increased and the relaxation rate was decreased. The maximum strength and stiffness of the tendons were increased after 10 days of diabetes and even more after 30 days. There was no change in the density of reducible cross-links. However, diabetes increased the amount of glucose attached to the lysine and hydroxylysine residues of collagen. Insulin treatment prevented all changes in thermal stability and mechanical properties. The results indicate that stabilization of collagen fibres in diabetes does not follow the same pattern as that seen in normal ageing. PMID- 7295799 TI - Incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans in different cell culture conditions by rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - This study sought to elucidate the optimal cell culture conditions for studies concerned with the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans by rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. The incorporation of radioactivity into extracellular sulphated glycosaminoglycans was linear for at least 72 h and that into pericellular sulphated glycosaminoglycans for up to 24 h. The incorporation of radiolabel into hyaluronic acid was linear only up to 12 h. In the exponential growth phase the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into sulphated glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid proved to be less marked than in the stationary growth phase, but the highest values were nevertheless obtained immediately after trypsinisation. When studied in the stationary growth phase, cell density and incorporation of [3H]glucosamine were positively correlated in the case of hyaluronic acid, but in the case of sulphated glycosaminoglycans there was a negative correlation. The serum concentration of the incubation medium and the incorporation of radioactivity into hyaluronic acid were positively related. With sulphated glycosaminoglycans this was the case only after a 7-day preincubation in the different serum concentrations. When incorporation was studied without preincubation, the incorporation of radioactivity into sulphated glycosaminoglycans proved to be negatively associated with the serum concentration of the medium. The environmental pH of the cells was associated with the incorporation of radioactivity into hyaluronic acid and sulphated glycosaminoglycans in that between pH values 6.8 and 7.9 the incorporation of radioactivity increased when the pH of the medium was raised. PMID- 7295800 TI - Binding of [35S]saccharin to a protein fraction of rat tongue epithelia. AB - The binding of [35S]saccharin to ammonium sulfate fractions from homogenates of rat tongue epithelia was measured by equilibrium dialysis. The 40--60% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction from the buffer-soluble fraction had the highest saccharin-binding activity. Binding of [35S]saccharin to the 40--60% ammonium sulfate fraction was inhibited by unlabeled saccharin sodium salt. The inhibition increased with increasing unlabeled saccharin concentration and was nearly complete above 10 mM. [35S]Saccharin binding to the 40--60% ammonium sulfate fraction extracted from the tongue epithelia was inhibited by glucose, lactose and sucrose, while binding to similar fractions from tongue muscle was not affected by these sugars. The inhibition of binding of labeled saccharin to the epithelial fraction increased with increasing glucose concentrations. About 35% of the binding was inhibited by 1 M glucose. No significant difference in the amount of inhibition was seen among the three sugars at 0.1 M. The 40--60% ammonium sulfate fraction from tongue epithelium devoid of taste buds bound much less [35S]saccharin than did a similar fraction from epithelium with taste buds. Binding of [35S]saccharin by the preparation from epithelium devoid of taste buds was not inhibited by glucose. The results provide evidence that the 40--60% ammonium sulfate fraction from tongue epithelia with taste buds contains a protein which binds saccharin and sugars. We hypothesize that it is a sweet taste receptor protein. PMID- 7295801 TI - Oxidation of hypotaurine in vitro by mouse liver and brain tissues. AB - The oxidation of hypotaurine to taurine, a reaction so far very poorly characterized in mammals, exhibited characteristic properties of an enzyme catalyzed reaction in the mouse liver and brain. It was pH- and temperature dependent and obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics when assayed with tissue homogenates using [35S]hypotaurine as substrate. Most of the oxidation activity was recovered in the brain in the soluble fraction whereas in the liver the activity was more evenly distributed among the subcellular fractions. The oxidation was more susceptible to heavy metals and alkylating agents in the brain than in the liver. The activity was higher in both organs in developing than in adult mice. The optimum incubation conditions for oxidation by liver homogenates included pH 9.0, oxygenation of the reaction mixture and the presence of 50 mumol/l Cu2+ and 50 mmol/l NAD+. The specificity of the enzyme(s) for hypotaurine still remains open. PMID- 7295802 TI - Mitochondrial/cytosolic carbon transfer in the developing rat brain. AB - The rates of citrate and acetoacetate efflux from rat brain mitochondria (synaptic and free) utilizing different substrates (pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate) under different conditions have been studied as a function of development. In general there were no marked differences in the acetoacetate efflux rates between 'free' and 'synaptic' brain mitochondria whereas citrate efflux rates were usually higher in 'free' mitochondria. Developmental studies with brain mitochondria utilizing 3-hydroxybutyrate + malate showed a profile for acetoacetate efflux which was at a peak at weaning (21 days) and then decreased by 50% in the adult state. Similar studies measuring citrate efflux showed little change as the brain developed, but when pyruvate + malate were used as substrates the citrate efflux doubled during the period 5--20 days and was then maintained in the adult state. Phenylpyruvate was found to inhibit both acetoacetate and citrate efflux from 21-day-old and adult rat brain mitochondria when they used either 3-hydroxybutyrate or pyruvate as substrate. It is concluded that ketone bodies may be potentially as effective, if not better, than glucose in the brain of the suckling rat as precursors of cytosolic biosynthetic activities whereas in the adult rat brain, ketone bodies are relatively poor precursors of these activities. PMID- 7295803 TI - Interaction of fibrinogen and asialofibrinogen with concanavalin A and clotting properties of the complexes. AB - Concanavalin A interaction with separate fibrinogen chains takes place through specific binding to mannopyranose residues of the carbohydrate attached to B beta and gamma chains. However, analysis of the binding data to whole molecules shows in the concentration range studied (up to 9 concanavalin A mol/fibrinogen mol), that there are only two binding sites per molecule and that the dissociation constant does not change by sialic acid removal. Ultracentrifugation studies show that at pH 7.8 and ionic strength 0.15 M, concanavalin A binds to fibrinogen and asialofibrinogen very probably as a polyvalent tetramer forming molecular aggregates that strongly suggest attachment of two concanavalin A tetramers per mol fibrinogen. This implies that two of the four possible sites in the fibrinogen molecule are not accessible to concanavalin A tetramers. Asialofibrinogen and its concanavalin A complexes coagulate twice as fast as those of fibrinogen. However, in both cases there is strong diminution of the aggregation rate induced by thrombin with concanavalin A binding at low relative lectin concentrations (less than 60 micrograms/mg fibrinogen). Higher concentrations that produce concanavalin A-mediated aggregation result in an apparent increasing coagulation rate. The final amounts of coagulated protein are not affected by concanavalin A nor the rate of fibrinopeptides cleaved by thrombin. Only the fibrin cross-linking capacity is diminished as concanavalin A concentration increases. PMID- 7295804 TI - Mn2+-uncoupling of the catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase system of rat reticulocytes. Parallel effects on cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of the system. AB - High concentrations of Mn2+ interfere with functional interactions between the GTP-binding regulatory protein (G) and the catalytic moiety (C) of adenylate cyclase without perturbing interactions between receptor (R) and component G in rat reticulocyte membranes. The ability of cholera toxin to ADP-ribosylate component G and to enhance GTP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity also appears to be correlated with the efficacy of the communication of component G with the adenylate cyclase system. Thus, increasing the concentration of Mn2+ in rat reticulocyte membrane during in vitro incubations causes a parallel loss of Gpp(NH)p-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, cholera toxin-catalyzed [32P]ADP ribosylation of the 42 000 Mr subunit of component G and cholera toxin-catalyzed enhancement of GTP-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. Removal of Mn2+ by washing the membranes completely restores the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase activity. Removal of Mn2+ by washing the membranes completely restores the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to all effectors, including cholera toxin. The data suggest that exposure of membranes to Mn2+ provides a useful tool for reversibly uncoupling catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems. The data also suggest that the extent of cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP.-ribosylation of membrane substrates, i.e., the G component may rely on functional communication among the various components of the adenylate cyclase system. A corollary of the latter is that the amount of [32P]ADP-ribose-product detected in a membrane may reflect both the quantity and coupling efficiency of component G. PMID- 7295805 TI - Isolation and structural studies of the neutral oligosaccharide units from bovine glycophorin. AB - The O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate units of glycophorin from bovine erythrocyte membranes were released as reduced oligosaccharides by alkaline borohydride treatment. These oligosaccharides were separated by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. Three oligosaccharides, a penta- a hepta- and a decasaccharide were obtained as the major components from the neutral fraction, and seven fractions were separated from the acidic fractions. All of the fractions were found to contain galactose and N-acetylglucosamine in variable amounts, as well as N-acetylgalactosaminitol. Studies of the neutral oligosaccharides by methylation analyses, nitrous acid deamination and Smith degradation, indicated the structure of the pentasaccharide to be Gal(1 leads to 3)Gal(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(1 leads to 3)GalNAcol and that of the heptasaccharide to be Gal(1 leads to 3)Gal(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(1 leads to 3)Gal(1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(1 leads to 3)Gal(1 leads to 3)GalNAcol. The highest molecular weight fraction, decasaccharide in the neutral fraction had a branching point at C-6 of a galactose residue. PMID- 7295807 TI - A comparison of the accumulation of ricin by hepatic parenchymal and non parenchymal cells and its inhibition of protein synthesis. AB - Rat liver non-parenchymal cells in vivo were found to accumulate 125I-labelled ricin to a much greater extent than parenchymal cells. Similarly, in monolayer cell cultures, the rate of ricin uptake by non-parenchymal Kupffer cells was several times that by parenchymal cells. Evidence is provided also to suggest that ricin is primarily recognized by Kupffer cells via terminal mannose residues in the toxin, whereas ricin uptake by parenchymal cells was consistent with a role of the previously postulated galactosyl-containing cell receptors. Protein synthesis in Kupffer cells in vitro, although observed to occur at a lower rate than in parenchymal cells, was 100--1000-times more sensitive to inhibition by ricin. The selective damage known to be caused to liver sinusoids by ricin, therefore, may reflect both the relative efficiency with which the toxin is taken up by these cells and the extreme sensitivity of protein synthesis in the cells to inhibition by ricin. PMID- 7295806 TI - Analytical subcellular fractionation of rat pituitary homogenates, with special reference to prolactin proteolysis by lysosomes. AB - Prolactin proteolysis by rat pituitary homogenates was assayed by measuring the release of trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptides from 125I-labelled rat prolactin. There was a distinct optimum at pH 4.3, with only trace amounts of activity at neutral and alkaline pH. Rat pituitary homogenates were subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in a Beaufay automatic zonal rotor. The principal organelles were characterized by their respective marker enzymes, including: cytosol (lactate dehydrogenase); plasma membrane (5'-nucleotidase); lysosomes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta glucuronidase); mitochondria (particulate malate dehydrogenase); endoplasmic reticulum (neutral alpha-glucosidase); prolactin granules (radioimmunoassayable prolactin). Acid prolactin protease had a similar distribution to the lysosomal marker enzymes. A localisation of the activity to lysosomes was confirmed by subcellular fractionation experiments in which the lysosomes were selectively disrupted with low concentrations of the membrane perturbant, digitonin. Experiments with specific inhibitors of the lysosomal cathepsins indicate that both cathepsins B and D are implicated in pituitary prolactin proteolysis. PMID- 7295809 TI - [Vitamin A and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase: difference in activity of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isoenzyme fractions]. AB - The effects of vitamin A excess on the activity of isoenzyme fractions of NADP dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from rat liver separated by polyacrylamide gel disc-electrophoresis was studied. Vitamin A was shown to activate mitochondrial isoenzyme of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and had but very slight effect on the cytoplasmic isoform. This effect was observed already after 24 hrs following the injection and was enhanced at increasing doses of the vitamin. The data obtained suggest that NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is controlled by complex mechanisms. The possibility of independent regulation of activity of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isoenzymes and a possible involvement of retinol in the regulation of activity of its mitochondrial isoform are postulated. It is assumed that vitamins, similar to hormones, can selectively influence individual isoenzymes. PMID- 7295808 TI - Effect of trifluoperazine on the stimulation by Ca2+-dependent hormones of gluconeogenesis from glutamine in isolated hepatocytes. AB - In continuation of our previous studies we have investigated some aspects of the hormonal control of glutamine metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. (1)Catecholamines, angiotensin II and vasopressin stimulate gluconeogenesis from glutamine more than 2-fold. These effects require the presence of Ca2+ in the incubation medium. (2) The phenothiazine, trifluoperazine, a purported specific inhibitor of calmodulin, completely blocks the stimulation by catecholamines without affecting the response to the other two hormones. (3) The effectiveness of trifluoperazine in preventing the stimulation of gluconeogenesis by catecholamines was dependent on the concentrations of both the hormones and the inhibitor. (4) Trifluoperazine, at concentrations that prevent stimulation by epinephrine of gluconeogenesis, was as effective as phentolamine in blocking the binding of [3H]epinephrine to intact hepatocytes. (5) These studies support the view (Blackmore, P.F., El-Refai, M.F., Dehaye, J.-P., Strickland, W.G., Haghes, B.P. and Exton, J.H. (1981) FEBS Lett. 123, 245--248) that inhibition by trifluoperazine of alpha-adrenergic stimuli does not necessarily mean that calmodulin is involved in post-receptor events. PMID- 7295810 TI - [Polynucleotide phosphorylase from rat liver nuclei. Determination of the activity and some properties]. AB - The activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) from rat liver nuclei isolated in aqueous and non-aqueous media was studied. It was shown that aqueous and non-aqueous nuclear preparations differ both in specific activity (106 and 39 units per mg of protein, respectively) and in the enzyme content (11.2 and 3.4% of homogenate activity, respectively). Nuclear PNPase reveals its maximal activity at pH 7.6-8.0 and requires Mg2+. The enzyme catalyzed polyribonucleotide phosphorelysis in the following order: poly (A) leads to poly(U) leads to poly(S) leads to RNA leads to poly(A) . poly(U). It is concluded that a comparatively low PNPase activity of the nuclei isolated in sucrose media is due to the enzyme extraction from the nuclei in the course of isolation. PMID- 7295811 TI - [Inhibition of luciferase from fireflies Luciola mingrelica by inorganic salts]. AB - The effects of inorganic salts (sodium and potassium acetate, magnesium and sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, sodium phosphate, sodium and magnesium perchlorate) on the bioluminescence reaction catalyzed by luciferase from the fireflies Luciola mingrelica have been studied. The salts tested inhibit the enzymatic oxidation of luciferin. The efficiency of the inhibition increases in the following order: CH3COO-approximately SO4(2-)approximately Cl-less than NO3-approximately HPO4(-2) less than ClO4-. The inhibition constants (Ki) at saturating concentrations of both substrates-luciferin (LH2) and ATP, the binding constants (Ks) of luciferase to the substrates and the inhibition constants for luciferin (Ki(LH2)) and for ATP (Ki(ATP)) have been determined. The inhibition by luciferin in non-competitive, that by ATP is mixed. A possible mechanism of inhibition is discussed. PMID- 7295812 TI - [Effect of heparin on serum low density lipoproteins]. AB - The effects of heparin on human serum low density lipoproteins (LDL) were studied by analytical ultracentrifugation. Precipitation of LDL without considerable alteration of the LDL micelles remaining in the solution was observed after addition of 1-10 micrograms of heparin to the samples containing 5 mg of LDL in 1 ml of 0.01 M Tris-buffer, pH 7.4, and 0.05% Na2-EDTA. The interaction between LDL and heparin was of electrostatic nature, i. e. it was inhibited by NaCl. The increase in the amount of the heparin added (up to hundreds micrograms) was accompanied by solubilization of the LDL precipitates; in the presence of certain concentrations of heparin the associates of LDL (apparently dimers) were formed. An addition of 1 mg of heparin to the samples containing 5 mg of LDL in 1 ml of the above buffer was accompanied by binding with the LDL of approximately 40 micrograms of heparin (data calculated from changes in the sedimentation co efficients). PMID- 7295813 TI - [Detection of IgG fraction of intact rabbit serum interacting with chromatin]. AB - It was shown that the intact rabbit sera interact with chromatin and thymocyte nuclei in a quantitative reaction of complement fixation and immunoluminescence analysis, respectively. Purified immunoglobulins G (IgG) and Fab fragments isolated from them were also found capable of such interactions. The interactions are not caused by Ig aggregate absorption on chromatin and can be due to the presence of natural antibodies against chromatin in the 7S fraction of intact rabbit IgG. These IgG possess heterogeneous charges, presumable due to the presence of antibodies against various antigenic chromatin determinants in rabbit serum. PMID- 7295814 TI - [Some features of photochemical conversions of bacteriorhodopsin at low pH values]. AB - Association of bacteriorhodopsin sheets and proteoliposomes with collodium film impregnated with a lecithine solution in decane was carried out. The generation of electrical potential difference in response to a light flash within the pH range of 0-6 was studied. The amplitude of microsecond (II) and millisecond (III) phases of the photoelectrical response was shown to decline with a decrease in pH as in the case when the inhibition by acid is due to protonation of a group with a pK of 3,7. The photoelectrical response of the "acid" form of bacteriorhodopsin with a maximun at 605 nm is represented by a negative phase having a small amplitude. This phase is coupled with the formation of the photochemical cycle bathointermediate and is sharply increased in an acid medium simultaneously with the generation of bacteriorhodopsin form with an absorption maximum at 565 nm. The effects of KCl, phenyldicarbaundecaborane and fluoride on the spectral and photoelectrical responses of bacteriorhodopsin are described. PMID- 7295817 TI - [Amino acid composition and proton capacity of pea chloroplast thylakoid membranes]. AB - The amino acid composition and pH dependence of proton capacity of pea chloroplast thylakoid membranes have been studied. The thylakoid membranes possess a high content of amino acids, whose functional groups can either bind or split off protons depending on pH of the reaction mixture. The number of amino acids with proton-accepting functional groups per mg of chlorophyll significantly exceeds the proton capacity of the native membranes. It is concluded that the buffer capacity of thylakoid membranes is predetermined by the proton-accepting groups of protein components which are largely blocked within the native structure of the membranes. The protein/chlorophyll weight ratio for pea chloroplast thylakoid membranes is 3.22 +/- 0.05. PMID- 7295815 TI - [Activation by heparin-Sepharose of prothrombin conversion to prethrombin 1]. AB - Using affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, homogeneous prothrombin containing no factor Xa or thrombin was separated into three components differing in their affinities for the bioadsorbent. The major component 2 eluted with 0.35 M NaCl was found to contain prothrombin (Mr 80000) and prethrombin 1 (Mr 60000). Component 1 not bound by heparin contained fragment 1 of prothrombin (Mr 25 000), whereas component 3 with a higher affinity for the bioadsorbent contained factor IX (Mr 52 000). Rechromatography of component 2 provided further evidence for prothrombin modification to prethrombin 1 by heparin-Sepharose. Blocking of endogenous thrombin of prothrombin by diisopropylfluorophosphate did not affect the modification. Heparin-Sepharose probably induced changes in prothrombin conformation and the formation of a catalytic center responsible for prothrombin splitting to prethrombin 1. Heparin-Sepharose can be used for separation of prothrombin proteolytic products by thrombin and for isolation of prethrombin 1 and prothrombin fragment 1. PMID- 7295816 TI - [Isolation and characterization of DNA polymerase alpha, beta and gamma from the cells of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis)]. AB - Three DNA polymerases were partially purified from the embryos, liver and mitochondria of the loach Misgurnus fossilis by DEAE- and phosphocellulose chromatography and were identified as DNA polymerases alpha, beta and gamma. DNA polymerase alpha prefers the activated DNA as a template-primer and has a sedimentation value of 6.8S. The enzyme is stimulated by 50 mM potassium phosphate, KCl and, to a lesser extent, NaCl; has a pH optimum of 7.5 and is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. DNA polymerase beta also prefers the activated DNA as a template-primer but shows a sedimentation coefficient of 3.0 S. The enzyme is inhibited by salts and has a pH optimum of 8-9; its activity is rather resistant to N-ethylmaleimide. DNA polymerase gamma has a sedimentation value of 6.3S, shows a high activity on poly(A) . oligo(dT) in the presence of 100 mM potassium phosphate and a lesser activity in the presence of 150 mM KCl and NaCl. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 7.0. PMID- 7295818 TI - [Effect of phospholipase A2 from the venoms of bee and Middle Asian cobra on choline uptake by synaptosomes]. AB - The effect of purified phospholipase A2 from venom of the bee Apis mellifica and from venom of the cobra Naja naja oxiana on the Na+-dependent high affinity choline transport into the synaptosomes of rabbit corpus striatum (active uptake) was studied. Both phospholipases A2 were shown to inhibit the active choline uptake by the synaptosomes. The bee venom phospholipase at a concentration of 10( 8) M and the cobra venom phospholipase at a concentration of 10(-6) M produced a 50% inhibition of choline uptake. A relationship was found between the enzymatic activity of the phospholipases and their ability to block choline uptake by the synaptosomes. A removal of Ca-ions from the medium abolished the effects of both phospholipases. Replacement of Ca2+ by Sr2+ inhibited the effect of the cobra venom phospholipases but did not inhibit that of bee venom enzyme. PMID- 7295819 TI - [Inhibiting effect of adrenaline on the acetylcholinesterase activity of skeletal muscle sarcolemma]. AB - It has been found that epinephrine reversibly inhibits in vitro the acetylcholinesterase activity of intact sarcolemma and partially purified preparation of sarcolemmal acetylcholinesterase. The kinetics analysis has demonstrated a non-competitive type of inhibition with the apparent Ki values of about 4 . 10(-4) M. An increase in the ionic strength intensities the epinephrine induced inhibition, the effect of CaCl2 being essentially more noticeable than that of NaCl. The number of SH-groups of the sarcolemma available for DTNB decreases in the presence of epinephrine and increases in the presence of CaCl2 or NaCl. The sulfhydryl reagents (e. g. DTNB, NEM) have no effect n the acetylcholinesterase activity of sarcolemma. It is assumed that the inhibiting effect of epinephrine may be due to the conformational changes in the acetylcholinesterase molecules. PMID- 7295821 TI - [Isolation and properties of DNA-polymerase from the extreme thermophilic bacterium Thermus flavus]. AB - A DNA-polymerase from the extreme thermophilic bacteria Thermus flavus has been isolated. The five-step purification procedure resulted in an electrophoretically homogeneous enzyme with molecular weight of 66000. The isolated enzyme is thermostable and a temperature optimum on the DNA templates at 70 degrees and that on RNA templates at 50 degrees. The enzyme does not contain contaminant endo and exonuclease activities. The maximal activity of the enzyme requires the presence of template, four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and monovalent and bivalent cations in the incubation mixture. The enzyme is highly active when "activated" DNA, poly(dA)-poly(dT), poly(dA)-oligo(dT) 10 and poly(rA) oligo(dT)10 are used as templates, moderately active on single-stranded and double-stranded DNAs and inactive on poly(rC)-oligo(dG)12-18 and native RNA molecules. PMID- 7295820 TI - [Exposure of cooperativity of the active sites of rabbit skeletal muscle creatine kinase during its interaction with gamma-amides of ATP]. AB - The cooperativity of the active sites of creatine kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle (2.7.3.2) during its interaction with gamma-amides of ATP, e. g. gamma anilide ATP (I), gamma-benzylamide ATP (II), N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl-gamma amide ATP (III) and 4-(N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)-benzyl-gamma-amide ATP (IV) was studied. A fluorimetric assay of the enzyme complex formation with the analogs was carried out. The values of the intrinsic dissociation constants for the complexes were calculated from the equation for consecutive order of ligands addition. The negative cooperativity of the nucleotide binding sites was found for analogs I and II. Analogs III and IV revealed no noticeable differences in the values of intrinsic dissociation constants. Creatine was shown to have no influence on the cooperativity of the nucleotide binding sites. PMID- 7295822 TI - [Isolation and physico-chemical properties of P-9 protein, marker for the resting cells of lymphoma NK/Ly and Gerene carcinoma]. AB - A fraction of tumour cells in the state of proliferative rest was prepared by sedimentation from aged Ehrlich tumor and lymphoma NK/Ly. These cells do not incorporate [3H]-thymidine and contain fewer proteins and RNAs than the proliferating cells. The incorporation of [3H]-uridine by these cells makes up to 3.5-10% of the maximal incorporation by proliferating cells at the S-phase. The resting cells have a low rate of glycolysis and a high rate of respiration. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in these cells is considerably reduced. The resting cell nuclei were found to contain a low molecular weight protein with molecular weight of 9000 +/- 500 (protein P-9) absent in proliferating cell nuclei. Using acetone fractionation and a subsequent preparative electrophoresis in a phenol solution, protein P-9 was isolated from the nuclei of lymphoma NK/Ly and Gerene carcinoma in a pure state. The physico-chemical properties of the protein from various sources were found to be similar. Thus, protein P-9 can be attributed to low molecular weight non-histone proteins with pI at the weakly alkaline region of pH. PMID- 7295823 TI - [Comparative study of original and reconstituted by self-assembly endoplasmic reticulum membranes]. AB - A method for biomembrane reconstitution from microsomal proteins and lipids solubilized by sodium cholate consisting in a removal of the detergent by its dialysis followed by treatment with 10% albumin has been developed. A comparison of the original and reconstituted membranes showed that the phospholipid, protein and enzymatic composition of the latter is similar or only slightly different from that of the original ghosts. The reconstituted membranes contained 1.5 times more cytochrome b5 and an equal amount of cytochrome P-450. No more than 20% of cytochrome P-450 was represented by the inactive form. The inactivation rate of the reduced hemoprotein in the reconstituted membranes was lower than in the ghosts. Both in the reconstituted and original membranes the similarity of solubilization patterns of microsomal electron carries upon trypsin treatment was indicative of identical topography of these proteins. The most effective was the reconstitution of NADH and cumole hydroperoxide-dependent N-demethylase, whereas the p-hydroxylase and O-dealkylase activities of the reactivated P-450 were not retained. Hence, no complete reconstitution of the properties of the microsomal membrane and its redox chain was observed in spite of the effective removal of the detergent, similar localization of microsomal electron carriers in the reconstituted membranes and ghosts and the reconversion of cytochrome P-420 into cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7295824 TI - [Immunochemical study of lactate dehydrogenase polymorphism in the loach Misgurnus fossilis]. AB - Data from experiments on antiserum against B4-isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase confirmed the previously made assumption that the main isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase of most differentiated tissues of the loach Misgurnus fossilis, which is inhibited by AgNO3, is made up by A-subunits, while that of the isoenzymes whose activity is predominant in the ovaries and embryos of this teleost species and which are normally resistant to AgNO3, are made up by B subunits. The C4-isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase which is liver-specific is highly sensitive to inactivation by anti-B4 antiserum. The "minor" isoforms of the enzyme detected in the enzymatic spectrum of the ovaries, embryos and larvae, which are inhibited by AgNO3, are subjected to inactivation by anti-B4- and are insensitive to anti-A4 antiserum against A4-isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase from loach skeletal muscles. These data and a gradual disappearance of the isoforms simultaneously with a decrease of yolk in developing larvae suggest that they appeared due to post-translational modifications of the B-subunits, predominant in lactate dehydrogenase of ovaries and embryos by certain components of the yolk. PMID- 7295825 TI - [Role of the pterin component in light and dark oxygen consumption by chloroplasts]. AB - The effects of ferredoxin and the pterin component from pea chloroplasts on oxygen consumption by pea and spinach chloroplasts in the dark and in the light were studied. In the absence of the pterin component the illuminated chloroplasts from both sources weakly reduce oxygen. An addition of the pterin component produces different effects on oxygen consumption by pea and spinach chloroplasts: the former efficiently reduce oxygen after addition of a single pterin component, while the latter require the presence of ferredoxin as well. The data obtained suggest that in pea chloroplasts there exists a ferredoxin-independent pseudocyclic electron transport mediated by pterin. In spinach chloroplasts this electron transport is ferredoxin-dependent. In the presence of pterins the chloroplasts are capable of carrying out dark reduction of O2, using NADPH and H+ as electron donors. PMID- 7295826 TI - [Isolation, purification and identification of an immunomodulating polypeptide from human and calf thymus]. AB - A comparison of human and calf thymus extracts was carried out. The thymus extracts and the fractions isolated from them differ in their physico-chemical properties, amino acid composition and biological activity. The extracts tested contain different amounts of the thymus factor, which stimulates the reactions of cellular and humoral immunity. The results obtained suggests that calf and human thymus contain only one immunomodulating factor, namely thymarin, a component of thymus extracts from various sources, in particular of thymosin. In some of its physico-chemical properties thymarin is similar to histone H1 from calf thymus, thus suggesting an essential role of this histone in the formation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes. A possibility of quantitative estimation and identification of the immunomodulating polypeptide in thymus extracts obtained by various methods is postulated. PMID- 7295827 TI - [Daily variations in S-adenosylmethionine content and oxyindole-O methyltransferase activity in rat epiphysis]. AB - Rat epiphysis was found to contain a relatively high amount of S adenosylmethionine (SAM), which undergoes daily variations with a maximum in the middle of the daytime period and a minimum at the night-time phase. The variations are of endogenous type and are persistent in blinded animals. On the contrast, upon continuous illumination the SAM level in rat epiphysis is decreased and impaired. The activity of oxyindole-O-methyltransferase, the terminal enzyme of epiphysial melatonin biosynthesis which consumes methyl groups of SAM, is not subjected to daily variations. It is demonstrated that the artefact of the previously observed daily variations in the oxyindole-O methyltransferase activity is due to day-to-night changes in SAM content. PMID- 7295828 TI - [Inhibition mechanism of Polyporus versicolor laccase by halide ions]. AB - A kinetic study of inhibition of Polyporus versicolor laccase activity by fluoride-, chloride- and bromide ions has been carried out. It has been found that the fluoride ion is a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to the electron donor and a mixed inhibitor with respect to oxygen. However, the chloride and bromide ions are competitive inhibitors with respect to the electron donor. The constants of inhibition of the enzyme activity by both chloride and fluoride ions and the catalytic constant were found to be pH-dependent. Based on the pH dependence of the catalytic constant, an existence of two ionogenic groups in the enzyme active site has been proposed. The existence of an alternative electron pathway in the enzyme active site is postulated. This pathway makes a noticeable contribution to the reaction rate when the concentration of the electron donor and the fluoride ion is high. This alternative electron pathway can be blocked by the chloride ions and the hydroxyl ions taken at high concentrations. A formal kinetic description of this phenomenon has been given and the role of the type 2 Cu2+ in the catalytic process has been evaluated. PMID- 7295829 TI - [Characteristics of 3 modifications of the technic for molecular hybridization of DNA on nitrocellulose filters]. PMID- 7295830 TI - [Study of the energy-dependent distribution of 42K+ between vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the medium in the presence of valinomycin]. PMID- 7295831 TI - [Effect of colchamine on regenerative processes in body fragments of Dugesia tigrina (Girard) planaria]. PMID- 7295832 TI - Phototherapy in Gunn rats. II. Further calculations on the effectivity of different irradiances (Ebili). AB - A new mathematical analysis is done with data from animal tests published 1977 in this journal. For the phototherapy-induced serum bilirubin decrease, reliable concentration-time functions can be ascertained for any starting level and for any type of fluorescent tube. No saturation point was reached although highly effective irradiances were used. PMID- 7295833 TI - Oxytocin concentrations during the neonatal period. AB - Plasma oxytocin levels in the umbilical artery (UA) exceeded umbilical venous levels in newborn infants delivered by cesarean section (without maternal labor) (p less than 0.05) and following labor (NS). There was an initial rapid decrease in oxytocin concentration from UA levels to those in peripheral venous blood by 30 min of page. Plasma oxytocin levels for breast-fed and formula-fed infants remained elevated over adult basal levels (1.7 +/- 0.3 mu U/ml) throughout the 4 day study period. Mean oxytocin concentration measured in breast milk from 10 mothers 2-4 days following vaginal delivery was 10.0 +/- mu U/ml. The stimulus for fetal and neonatal oxytocin secretion remains obscure, but continues beyond the period of birth. PMID- 7295835 TI - Brown fat thermoregulation in developing hamsters (mesocricetus auratus): a GDP binding study. AB - The thermogenic capacity of brown fat from neonatal and developing hamsters was investigated. The method used was to measure the capacity of brown fat mitochondria to bind externally added guanosine diphosphate (GDP). This gives an estimate of the number of proton-conducting channels and hence the capacity of heat production in the mitochondria. At an age of 12 days post-partum the GDP binding capacity is low: 0.14 nmol GDP/mg mitochondrial protein. Thereafter the capacity shows a steady increase up to 0.54 nmol/mg at 20 days. The peak is followed by a slow decrease down to the level of the adult hamster: 0.32 nmol/mg. this pattern of brown fat development is strikingly similar to reports on the development of oxygen consumption measured on whole animals or on the ability to maintain a constant body temperature when the ambient temperature is lowered. The calorigenic response to injected noradrenaline also follows this pattern. It is therefore justified to suggest that brown fat is a major effector of regulative metabolic heat production in the developing hamster. PMID- 7295834 TI - Effects of diets with or without folic acid, with or without methionine, on fetus development, folate stores and folic acid-dependent enzyme activities in the rat. AB - Wistar female rats fed, since mating, with diets lacking either methionine, replaced in this case by homocystine (HF), or folic acid (MO), or both (HO). With diets lacking either one of the two factors, fetal weights remained in the range of the controls. When both factors were absent from the diet (HO), underweight fetuses were observed on day 20. In the offspring of folic acid-deficient mothers (MO), only folyloligoglutamates were lowered; total ones remained near control level. Switching HO females to a folic acid-supplemented diet from day 16 to 20 of pregnancy restored fetal weight and folates to the control level. The activity of folico-dependent enzymes of the whole fetal body or liver varied in parallel to fetal weight. We conclude from these data that: (1) methionine has a protective effect on folates in MO groups; (2) when folic acid is present in a diet containing homocystine but no methionine (MF), endogenous methionine synthesis is sufficient to cover maternal and fetal needs; (3) when the vitamin is also withdrawn (HO), methionine synthesis is no more adequate and fetal underdevelopment appears. PMID- 7295837 TI - A longitudinal study on plasma somatomedin activity in full-term, preterm and small-for-gestational age newborns. AB - Plasma somatomedin (SM) activity was measured longitudinally in the first days of life by Van den Brande bioassay in 10 term, 8 premature and 5 small-for-date newborns. Other term, premature and small-for-date newborns were assayed between the 4th and 8th days by a cross-sectional-type study. A very significant increase in SM activity was observed in term newborns on the 3rd day lasting for about a week, when values usually observed in young children were reached. In premature and small-for-date newborns such an increase was not present but rather a slight decrease on the 3rd day was observed. The presence of a circulating inhibitory substance in the plasma of premature and small-for-date newborns with undetectable SM activity was shown. PMID- 7295836 TI - An improved technique for perfusion of the guinea pig placenta in situ giving viable conditions demonstrated by placental transport of amino acids (L- and D alanine). AB - An improved technique for perfusing the fetal guinea pig placenta in situ is described. The result shows linear pressure-flow relations in the rane of 15-50 mm Hg. assumed to be physiological. The preparation shows impermeability for trypan blue. The placental transfer is stereoselective for L-alanine compared with D-alanine. This transfer is ouabain-sensitive, and proceeds against a concentration gradient. PMID- 7295838 TI - Effects of maternal caffeine ingestion on neonatal growth in rats. AB - When caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) was introduced into the diet of rats throughout pregnancy and lactation at levels of consumption of 10 mg/kg/day, offspring of successive pregnancies showed growth reductions. This finding was not accompanied by teratogenic effects. However, following four pregnancies severely reduced offspring growth and neonatal mortality was demonstrated. The birthweights of these offspring were 72.5% of control. This study mimicked the mode of intake and quantities of caffeine consumed in many societies. PMID- 7295839 TI - Sequential observation of changes in thyroxine, triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine during the postnatal adaptation of the pig. AB - Principal serum iodothyronines, T4, T3 and rT3, have been simultaneously measured by a specific radioimmunoassay in piglets kept for sequential observation with the mother from 1 to 21 days of age. During several hours postnatally, a high concentration of the hormone was noted as a result of an enhanced secretory activity of the thyroid gland. Later, a progressive decrease with a nadir at about day 3 was observed, followed by a second rise in the hormone level. Changes in T3 and rT3 levels from birth to the end of the 1st week, paralleled those for T4. The T3:T3 ratio of about 2 during the 1st week fell to about 1.5 during the 3rd week as a result of the progressive increase in rT3 and decrease in T3 concentrations. The T4:rT3 ratio fell with the progressing age to the level observed in post-weaned pigs. At birth, the newborn pig seems to possess a low capability of 5-deiodinase enzyme system thus the converting enzymes first work towards T4-T3 conversion while T4-rT3-converting ability progressively increases with age. The role of this variability for the neonatal thermogenic stability is discussed. PMID- 7295841 TI - Extra nutrients and mental illness. PMID- 7295840 TI - Hormonal status in the newborn lamb (cortisol, T3, T4). Relationships to the birth weight and the length of gestation: effect of the litter size. AB - The experiments reported involve 18 Romanov lambs born spontaneously between 135 and 145 days of gestation. Their birth weights ranged between 1.22 and 3.55 kg. The neonatal changes in plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were observed from birth to 30 days postpartum, and related to the length of gestation and the birth weight. Positive correlations were found between: (1) plasma T3 (2, 4, 8 h and 11 days after birth), T4 levels (4 h after birth) and the birth weight; (2) plasma T3 levels (2, 4 and 8 h after birth) and the weight gain during the 1st month of life, and (3) plasma cortisol levels at birth, 8 and 48h postpartum and the litter size. Negative correlations were found between: (1) plasma cortisol levels (at birth, 2, 4, 8 and 48 h postpartum) and the birth weight; (2) plasma cortisol levels (2, 8 and 48 h after birth) and the length of gestation, and (3) values of the T3/T4 ratio and the litter size. A tentative scheme of the interactions between litter size, hormonal plasma levels, length of gestation and birth weight is proposed. Moreover, the effects of placental insufficiency and insufficient plasma levels of thyroid hormones could explain partly the high frequency of disease which occurs in low birth weight lambs. PMID- 7295842 TI - Elevation of choline and glycine in red blood cells of psychiatric patients due to lithium treatment. AB - Levels of choline (Ch) and glycine (Gly) were determined in red blood cells (RBC) from psychiatric patients who were either on lithium therapy or lithium-free and normal subjects. Subjects were divided into four groups: normal subjects who have never received Li+; Li+ free affective patients; Li+ free patients with various psychiatric disorders; and affective patients under Li+ treatment. The patient groups included affective, schizophrenic, schizo-affective disorders, as well as patients with organic brain syndrome and Cornelia de Lange syndrome. In general, all patients on therapeutic dosages of Li+ had significantly higher levels of Ch in RBC when compared to Li+ free normals or patients. Glycine levels in RBC were also significantly higher in patients on Li+ compared to normals or Li+ free affective disorder patients. Plasma Ch was significantly elevated in patients receiving Li+. There was an apparently predictable time course between cessation of Li+ therapy and decreases in levels of Ch and Gly in RBC to normal levels; in Ch of approximately 30-40 days, in Gly of less than 6 days. There were no significant differences in Ch between Li+ free patients, irrespective of their disorder, and normal subjects. RBC Gly levels were equivalent between normal subjects and Li+ free patients. These data imply that elevations in Gly and Ch are more a function of Li+ therapy than of psychiatric diagnosis. PMID- 7295843 TI - Seasonal variations in the endogenous rhythm of dopamine receptor binding in rat striatum. AB - In four experiments, performed at different months throughout the year, a significant daily rhythm in dopamine receptor binding has been observed. This rhythm is endogenous, as it persists in the absence of time cues. Striking differences in wave form, amplitudes, and timing of peaks during the year suggest that the endogenous rhythm undergoes seasonal variations. PMID- 7295845 TI - Thiamine intake and monoamine oxidase activity. PMID- 7295844 TI - Speech pause time: a marker of psychomotor retardation among endogenous depressives. AB - Speech pause time (SPT)-the silent interval between phonations during automatic speech-is elongated during depressive episodes among endogenous depressives. Phonation time is unchanged. To follow up and expand earlier small-scale studies of these psychomotor findings we conducted a prospective determination of SPT among 24 unipolar (UP) depressives, 12 bipolar (BP) depressives, and 19 nondepressed controls. SPT was lengthened among both UP and BP depressives during their episodes. This elongation disappeared with clinical improvement. Nondepressed controls did not have longer SPT. During states of clinical remission, depressives and controls had comparable SPT values. Replications are required, but the measurement of SPT appears to be a useful, objective technique for identifying and monitoring psychomotor deceleration among depressives. PMID- 7295846 TI - Bilateral electrodermal activity as a function of hemisphere-specific stimulation, hand preference, sex and familial handedness. AB - The effects of unilateral stimulation on bilaterally recorded electrodermal activity are not well understood. Factors that may contribute to bilateral response differentiation under conditions of unilateral stimulation include preferred hand, sex and familial handedness. To assess the effects of these factors, 64 subjects were each assigned to one of four cells defined by sex and preferred hand. Each subject received a counterbalanced series of 31 slides depicting objects spatially and intended to activate the right hemisphere and 31 slides depicting objects spatially and intended to activate the left hemisphere. Each condition was followed by a blank slide. Results showed smaller mean nonspecific responses on the hand contralateral to the hemisphere for which stimulation was intended. This supports the hypothesis that a contralateral inhibitory process underlies electrodermal responsiveness. Further results showed that the effects of unilateral stimulation on bilaterally differentiated electrodermal activity are mediated by familial handedness and sex. DESCRIPTORS: hemispheric processes, bilateral EDA, sex, familial handedness, preferred hand. PMID- 7295847 TI - Hemisphericity, expressivity and autonomic arousal. AB - An exploratory study was performed concerning autonomic-central nervous system relationships in humans. Four groups of subjects were selected on the basis of two variables reflecting styles of central activity, hemisphericity (as measured by lateral eye movements) and facial expressivity. These groups were exposed to two stressor tasks. A marginally significant relationship was found between right hemisphericity and facial expressivity. Right hemisphericity subjects had higher heart rates. Highly expressive subjects and left hemisphericity subjects each tended to show larger autonomic responses to stress, and subjects in whom both characteristics were combined showed particularly heightened responsiveness. It was concluded that individual differences in central nervous system activation are related to autonomic arousal. PMID- 7295848 TI - Some quantitative hemispheric EEG measures reflecting the affective profile of students differing in university academic success. AB - Quantitative measurements of the integrated epoch based EEG amplitudes obtained from two groups of university students differing in academic success during an eyes close, relaxed state revealed significantly higher right/left amplitude variance ratios and more right hemispheric non-Gaussian cumulated amplitude distributions among unsuccessful students. These data, which resemble patterns often found in depression, are consistent with, and appear to reflect specific affective differences that emerge using a concurrently administered, conventional psychometric inventory (Beck Depression Inventory) as well as a subjective self assessment questionnaire. The results of this study may be useful in further elaborating the nature in which right hemispheric brain processes serve to mediate affective behavior, as well as influence academic performance. PMID- 7295849 TI - Brain potentials, perceptual mechanisms and semantic categorisation. AB - The behaviour of intermediate and long-latency evoked potential (EP) components were investigated in a semantic categorisation task. Visually presented 'narrow' and 'wide' priming category questions, intended to vary processing load, were followed, after 1.5 sec by a 100 msec presentation of a positive or negative instance for decision. Neither behavioural response latencies nor amplitudes of N1-P2 (130 and 212 msec mean latencies) differentiated between 'narrow' and 'wide' category decisions. However, response latencies were faster and N1-P2 amplitudes greater for positive than for negative instances of primed categories. This result is attributed to the priming effect, by 'spreading activation, of prior category questions on 'logogen-like' pre-conscious word detecting devices within the brain. Semantic discrimination by N1-P2 contradicts previous assertions that intermediate components only reflect selection based on crude stimulus characteristics. Comparison of N1-P2 amplitudes at lateral electrodes offered no evidence of hemispheric lateralisation of language function in the experimental task. There was no late wave unequivocally identifiable as P300 on morphological and scalp distribution criteria. A positive peak at mean latency 327 msec (called P3) was of low amplitude and stable latency and did not appear to index processing load as defined by the experimenters. However, the amplitude of N2-P3 was larger to positive instances of narrow categories than any of the other three conditions. This could be the sort of probability effect seen in P300 behaviour if it is assumed that the brain can discriminate between stimuli on the basis of the size of the subset from which they come. PMID- 7295850 TI - Slow negative shifts of the human event-related potential associated with selective information processing. AB - Event-related potentials (ERPs) to random sequences of tones delivered to the right and left ears were recorded during a pitch discrimination task which required subjects to attend selectively to one ear at a time and respond to occasional 'target' tones in that ear. The morphology of a long-lasting negative shift, arising before the N1 peak and locating over frontal region in ERPs to the attended 'standard' tones with reference to those of the unattended standards, was investigated under different stimulus conditions. When slight pitch changes of targets were presented in the first 40 msec portion of the 240 msec stimulus duration, the largest development of the attention-related negativity was observed earlier than when presented in the last portion of the duration. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that the negativity reflects further processing carried out on each relevant input after that input is identified. PMID- 7295851 TI - Impairments of search behaviour in rats after haloperidol treatment, hippocampal or neocortical damage suggest a mesocorticolimbic role in cognition. AB - In a radial maze rats with fimbria-fornix or hippocampal damage are reported to show a lasting impairment of working but not reference memory (Olton, Becker and Handelman, 1979). On a 16-hole board, search task, rats with hippocampal damage showed deficits persisting over 100 trials on both measures: (4/16 holes contained food; working memory error - visit to a just-visited, baited hole; reference memory error - visit to a hole that had never been baited). Haloperidol treatment had no effect on the poor performance following hippocampal damage, but it impaired that of sham-controls on both measures. Animals with neocortical damage were impaired on the measure of reference memory alone, after haloperidol treatment. These measures may reflect two different information processing mechanisms. The hippocampus, the overlying neocortex and the dopaminergic, mesocorticolimbic system seem to be differentially involved. The possibility that these mechanisms could relate to attention or memory and their importance for the study of the associative impairment of psychotic human subjects is briefly discussed. PMID- 7295852 TI - A research oriented microcomputer based patient monitoring system. PMID- 7295853 TI - Microprocessor-based instrumentation to monitor microwave-interactions with the physiological activities in a primate subject. PMID- 7295854 TI - Analysis for the in vivo determination of the non-linear elastic parameters of an artery. PMID- 7295855 TI - [Theoretical investigation to the non-contacting conductometry for biological materials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7295856 TI - [A simplified method for retrieving and displaying physiological data stored on magnetic tape (author's transl)]. PMID- 7295857 TI - [Material properties and strength behaviour of spongy bone tissue at the coxal human femur. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7295858 TI - [A method for the representation of the course of the force vector as a component of gait analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7295859 TI - [Amniotonometry - determination of the amniotic fluid pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7295860 TI - Reversal of glucose-induced hyperkalemia by sodium restriction in normaldosteronemic diabetes: evidence for elevated mineralocorticoid threshold. AB - Acute glucose loading studies were performed on seven diabetic patients and 18 control subjects. In two normaldosteronemic insulin-dependent diabetic patients during high sodium intake and insulin withdrawal infusion of hypertonic glucose induced a paradoxical elevation of serum potassium levels, while no such abnormalities were found in two other diabetics despite of lower plasma aldosterone levels. Paradoxical glucose-induced hyperkalemia (PGIH) was abolished during insulin withdrawal by sodium restriction associated with a dramatic increase in plasma aldosterone. PGIH was elicited when given 100 g of glucose orally to further three patients with normaldosteronemic diabetes in whom a complete reversal of PGIH was obtained l glucose-induced hyperkalemia (PGIH) was abolished during insulin withdrawal by sodium restriction associated with a dramatic increase in plasma aldosterone. PGIH was elicited when given 100 g of glucose orally to further three patients with normaldosteronemic diabetes in whom a complete reversal of PGIH was obtained l glucose-induced hyperkalemia (PGIH) was abolished during insulin withdrawal by sodium restriction associated with a dramatic increase in plasma aldosterone. PGIH was elicited when given 100 g of glucose orally to further three patients with normaldosteronemic diabetes in whom a complete reversal of PGIH was obtained also by sodium restriction or by administering a large intravenous dose of desoxycorticosterone. These findings suggested an elevated mineralocorticoid threshold level for the normal cellular regulation of potassium distribution in normaldosteronemic diabetics with PGIH. PMID- 7295861 TI - The radial distribution of fibroblastic colony-forming units in mouse femoral marrow. AB - The distribution of fibroblastic colony forming units (CFU-F) in mouse femoral marrow was investigated using a method which separates bone marrow cells into two regional fractions of varying size. It is shown that the concentration of CFU-F decreases almost linearly from the femoral axis (800-1,000 CFU-F per 10(7) bone marrow cells) to the bone surface (300 CFU-F per 10(7) cells). When irradiated axial or marginal cells were added into cultures as feeder cells, the colony numbers produced by both axial or marginal CFU-F were increased by about 50% and the higher concentration in the axial regions remained. The survival curve for CFU-F in both regions was characterised by a Do value of 1.54 +/- 0.11 Gy and an extrapolation number of 2.60 +/- 0.38. The results are compared to the distributions of haemopoietic stem cells and committed progenitor cells. PMID- 7295862 TI - Hemopoiesis in cultures of the bone marrow cells from genetically anemic mice. AB - An attempt was made to reproduce the in vivo situation of the hemopoiesis in genetically anemic mice in vitro. Cultures of the bone marrow cells from W/Wu, Sl/Sld and control (+/+) mice revealed that all of the hemopoietic stem cells in these mice could be maintained in vitro as well. Similar results were also obtained with the spleen cell cultures. Since these anemic mice have near normal levels of committed progenitor cells, and pluripotent stem cells in Sl/Sld mice, and a subnormal level of functional blood cells sufficient for the survival of the mice, there should be a slow and constant hemopoiesis, under normal conditions. Such a slow but steady production of hemopoietic cells appears to be well reproduced in vitro. PMID- 7295864 TI - Kerr effect of charged dipolar macromolecules without condensed counterions in conducting solution. AB - The theoretical treatment of the Kerr constant of rigid, dipolar, conducting ellipsoidal macromolecules of O'Konski and Krause (1970. J. Phys. Chem. 74:3243) has been extended to very low ionic strength solutions for charged macromolecules. The O'Konski and Krause theoretical treatment postulated a surface conductivity directly on the surface of each macromolecule. For charged macromolecules, this surface conductivity was generally assumed to be caused by movement of condensed counterions on the macromolecules. In the present work, it has been assumed that, at very low ionic strength, the average counterion is at the Debye characteristic distance from the surface of each charged macromolecule and contributes to surface conductivity at that distance, with no additional surface conductivity on the true surface of the macromolecule. Essentially, these considerations change the calculated interaction energy of the macromolecule with an externally applied electric field via a change in both the internal field components and in the reaction field of the macromolecular dipole. The new interaction energy is used to calculate the orientation distribution function of the macromolecules in solution and this distribution function can, in principle, be used to calculate the steady state electric linear or circular dichroism, electric light scattering, anisotropy of conductivity, etc., using the appropriate theoretical treatment for each of these quantities. PMID- 7295863 TI - Analysis of the retina via suprafusion electroretinography. AB - Electroretinographic (ERG) transient responses elicited in monkeys by abrupt changes in the periodicity of a rapidly intermittent (suprafusion) luminance stimulus were studied experimentally, and analyzed and interpreted through a theory of dynamic retinal responses. The suprafusion ERG transients are confirmed to behave in accord with theoretical expectation, as elemental responses (retinal Green's functions). By aid of the theory the ERG wave-forms can be reduced to two significant elements. One element, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the total ERG variance, is strictly linear, and correlates well with simultaneously evoked cortical (VEP) transients which were previously related to suprafusion perception in humans. The other element, comprising approximately one-third the ERG transient, is a rectification, with properties indicating that it may arise from a specific layer of retinal neurons (amacrine cells); on this assumption the theory demonstrates that high-frequency nonlinear ERG flicker can isolate activities proximal and distal to the rectifying (amacrine) layer. Thus, the hypothesis of an amacrine origin for the rectifying element entails the possibility that suprafusion ERG studies could accomplish in vivo "dissection" of the human retina. PMID- 7295865 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of water in natural and deuterated mouse muscle above and below freezing. AB - Measurements of absolute proton signal intensities, free induction decays, spin spin relaxation times, and local fields in the rotating frame in natural and fully deuterated mouse muscle at five temperatures in the range 293-170 K are reported. The analysis is carried out at three time windows on the free induction decay. The contribution to the magnetization from protons on large molecules and water are analyzed. PMID- 7295866 TI - On facilitated oxygen diffusion in muscle tissues. AB - The role of myoglobin in facilitated diffusion of oxygen in muscle in examined in a tissue model that utilizes a central supplying capillary and a tissue cylinder concentric with the central capillary, and that includes the nonlinear characteristics of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation reaction. In contrast to previous work, this model exhibits the effect of blood flow and a realistic, though ideal, tissue-capillary geometry. Solutions of the model equations are obtained by a singular-perturbation technique, and numerical results are discussed for model parameters of physiologic interest. In contrast to the findings of Murray, Rubinow, Taylor, and others, fractional order perturbation terms obtained for the "boundary-layer" regions near the supplying capillaries are quite significant in the overall interpretation of the modeling results. Some closed solutions are found for special cases, and these are contrasted with the full singular-perturbation solution. Interpretations are given for parameters of physiologic interest. PMID- 7295867 TI - A method of nonlinear analysis in the frequency domain. AB - A method is developed for the analysis of nonlinear biological systems based on an input temporal signal that consists of a sum of a large number of sinusoids. Nonlinear properties of the system are manifest by responses at harmonics and intermodulation frequencies of the input frequencies. The frequency kernels derived from these nonlinear responses are similar to the Fourier transforms of the Wiener kernels. Guidelines for the choice of useful input frequency sets, and examples satisfying these guidelines, are given. A practical algorithm for varying the relative phases of the input sinusoids to separate high-order interactions is presented. The utility of this technique is demonstrated with data obtained from a cat retinal ganglion cell of the Y type. For a high spatial frequency grafting, the entire response is contained in the even-order nonlinear components. Even at low contrast, fourth-order components are detectable. This suggests the presence of an essential nonlinearity in the functional pathway of the Y cell, with its singularity at zero contrast. PMID- 7295868 TI - Effect of a molecular dipole on the ionic strength dependence of a biomolecular rate constant. Identification of the site of reaction. AB - A theory is proposed for determining the location of a reaction site on a protein of known tertiary structure with an asymmetric charge distribution by an analysis of the effect of ionic strength on the rate of reaction of the protein with a small ion, using equations of Bronsted (J. N. Bronsted, 1922, Z. Phys, Chem. 102:169-207), Debye and Huckel (P. Debye and E. Huckel, 1923, Phys. Z. 24:185 206), and Kirkwood (J. G. Kirkwood, 1934, J. Chem. Phys. 2:351-361). The theory is based on the fact that the dipole moment of the transition complex differs from that of the protein, which will be reflected in the ionic strength dependence of the reaction. The location of the small ion with respect to the dipole axis of the protein can be calculated from this difference. For protein protein reactions, an a priori assumption has to be made about the orientation of one of the reaction partners, since many different orientations of the reactants with respect to each other result in dipole moments of the same magnitude. PMID- 7295869 TI - Theory of light diffraction by single skeletal muscle fibers. AB - A theoretical discussion is presented describing the diffraction of laser light by a single fiber of striated muscle. The complete three-dimensional geometry of the fiber has been taken into consideration. The basic repeated unit is taken as the sarcomere of a single myofibril, including its cylindrical geometry. The single fiber is considered as the sum of myofibrils up to the fiber dimensions. When proper phasing is taken into account, three cases of interest are analyzed. (a) When the adjacent myofibrils are totally aligned with respect to their index of refraction regions (e.g., A and I bands), then the diffraction pattern reflects that of a larger striated cylinder with the dimensions of the fiber. (b) When a particular skew plane develops for the myofibril elements, additional Bragg reflection occurs at certain specific sarcomere lengths, and intensity asymmetry amongst the diffracted orders occurs. (c) When the myofibril phasing changes in a random fashion, while all sarcomeres remain at the same length, then intensity decrease is directly related to the phase deviation from a reference phase point. This condition may well describe a fiber undergoing active isometric contraction. PMID- 7295870 TI - The mechanics of pulling a glass micropipette. AB - The pulling of micropipette electrodes from glass tubing has been treated as a problem of viscous flow coupled with the Newtonian dynamics of the pulling apparatus. Analytical solutions are given from which the taper profile, tip diameter, and pulling time can be obtained. The physical principles of operation of micropipette pullers are discussed. PMID- 7295871 TI - In vivo measurements of the viscoelasticity of the human vitreous humor. AB - A point of source of light against a dark background is perceived by the human retina as a point image enhanced by off-axis points (rays if the source is polychromatic) of light scattered from objects along the optic axis. As a consequence of movement of the vitreous humor, scattering centers imbedded there impart of this scattering pattern a corresponding movement. A method has been devised to give the vitreous humor reproducible initial conditions and to record the observed relaxation of the scattering pattern to its new rest position. The vitreous humor is found to be overdamped, and the heretofore unreported shear elastic modulus has been determined. A striking gravitational effect is revealed by comparing observations along a horizontal optic axis with ones along a vertical optic axis. For the former, gravitational torque is found to dominate the elastic torque. The reason nature has developed a slow-responding gravitational sensor in the vitreous humor is not clear. PMID- 7295872 TI - Criticality of beam alignment in fluorescence photobleaching recovery experiments. PMID- 7295873 TI - The determination of underivatized chlorophenols in human urine by combined high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring. AB - A method for the determination of underivatized chlorophenols in human urine samples by combined high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is described. Results obtained on individual samples are reported and compared with data obtained by alternative chromatographic methods. PMID- 7295874 TI - The measurement of clonidine in human plasma and urine by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry with ammonia chemical ionization. AB - The dimethyl derivatives of clonidine and [2H4]clonidine give good chemical ionization mass spectra when ammonia is used as reagent gas. A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric selected ion monitoring assay for the estimation of clonidine in plasma and urine using ammonia chemical ionization is described. PMID- 7295875 TI - Quantitative analysis of disaturated lecithins in human plasma by ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - Three physiologically important disaturated lecithins have been analyzed quantitatively as the acetate derivatives using a solids inlet probe and ammonia chemical ionization. Concentration independent response factors have been determined over a tenfold range that brackets human plasma levels. The results obtained serve as an independent corroboration of gas chromatographic analyses. PMID- 7295876 TI - Metabolism of Oxybutynin: establishment of desethyloxybutynin and oxybutynin N oxide formation in rat liver preparation using deuterium substitution and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis. AB - Oxybutynin is rapidly metabolized in rat liver microsomes. Two major primary oxidation products were identified as N-desethyl oxybutynin and oxybutynin N oxide. Deuterium substituted substrate was used to aid the identification. N Desethyl oxybutynin was characterized by gas chromatography electron impact mass spectrometry as its trifluoroacetamide derivative and oxybutynin N-oxide was indicated by the presence of a decomposition product, 2-oxo-3-butenyl-2 cyclohexyl-2-phenylglycolate, as elucidated from the gas chromatographic mas spectrometric analysis. The formation of this product from synthetic oxybutynin N oxide was verified and occurs by two consecutive rearrangements upon thermolysis of the unstable N-oxide. Attempted titanous chloride reduction of oxybutynin N oxide resulted in the formation of the hydrolytic products 2-cyclohexyl-2 phenylglycolic acid and 4-diethylamino-2-butynol. PMID- 7295877 TI - Metabolic N-oxidation of alpha-acetylenic amines-a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric investigation of the chemical decomposition of N-(5-pyrrolidinopent 3-ynyl)succinimide N'-oxide using deuterium substitution. AB - On gas chromatographic analysis, N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide N'-oxide gave rise to three main decomposition products, which were assigned the structures N-(3-oxopent-4-enyl)succinimide, N-(penta-3, 4-dienyl)succinimide and N-3(3-pyrrolidino-3-oxopropyl)succinimide. These three products were identified by electron impact mass spectrometry, using deuterium substituted N-oxides, and mechanisms for the formation of the former two are proposed. By gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis, extracts from metabolic incubation of N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)succinimide were shown to contain the N-oxide, as previously indicated by indirect methods. PMID- 7295878 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin administered intramuscularly to rabbits with experimentally-induced renal impairment. AB - The pharmacokinetics of Cefoxitin were studied in rabbits with normal renal function and with varying degrees of renal impairment induced experimentally by uranyl nitrate. All animals received a single intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 40 mg kg-1 of the antibiotic. The concentrations of Cefoxitin were determined in plasma, urine, and bile by a microbiologic plate diffusion method. The antibiotic follows a two-compartment open kinetic model. In rabbits with renal impairment there is a decrease in alpha, beta, K12, K21, Ka and an increase in Vd and the (AUC)infinity zero with respect to the values obtained for rabbits with normal renal function. Linear relationships are established between log beta and log K13 and the serum creatinine. Biliary excretion of Cefoxitin is increased in states of renal impairment. A linear relationship is established between the percentage of the dose excreted in the bile and the serum creatinine. PMID- 7295879 TI - Age-related differences in ophthalmic drug disposition I. Effect of size on the intraocular tissue distribution of pilocarpine in albino rabbits. AB - It has previously been documented that substantially different aqueous humour drug levels are observed in rabbits of different ages when the same dose of pilocarpine is instilled into the eye. Also, it has been shown that the aqueous humour volume ratio for rabbits of different ages can be used to predict aqueous humour levels of pilocarpine attained after topical dosing. In the present study, concentrations of pilocarpine in the cornea, aqueous humour, iris-ciliary body, lens, and vitreous humour were determined in both 20-day old and 60-day old rabbits following the topical administration of identical doses of drug. For tissues other than the aqueous humour and iris-ciliary body, consideration of only tissue size differences between rabbits of different ages will not suffice to explain the observed differences in pilocarpine concentration. Any attempt to develop rational age-related dosage modifications for ophthalmic drugs must include a consideration of functional and developmental differences as well as size effects. PMID- 7295880 TI - Binding of tolmetin and salicylic acid to human serum albumin as a function of temperature. AB - When drug-protein binding data are evaluated thermodynamically standard free energy (delta G0), standard enthalpy (delta H0) and standard entropy (delta S0) are usually estimated from association constants (Ka) derived from binding data obtained at only two temperatures. Estimation of delta H0 involves the assumption of its constancy in the temperature range studied and linearity of a van't Hoff plot of ln Ka versus 1/T. Sometimes the assumption of such linearity is invalid for theoretical reasons and data obtained at only two temperatures contain no information concerning linearity of this plot. We present data for the binding of both tolmetin and salicylic acid to human serum albumin as a function of temperature which make doubtful the validity of using association constants of these drugs to derive thermodynamic constants other than delta G0 values. PMID- 7295881 TI - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of noreximide in rats. AB - The pharmacokinetics of noreximide in the rat after i.v., p.o., and i.p. administration was studied. The biologic half-life of approximately 8 h was found almost the same for all three routes. Upon p.o. administration the fraction of drug absorbed is 85 per cent, and the peak concentration in the blood is reached within approximately 4.5 h. Addition pharmacokinetic parameters are listed. PMID- 7295882 TI - Isosorbide 5-mononitrate pharmacokinetics in humans. AB - When isosorbide 5-mononitrate was intravenously infused at a rate of 4 mg h-1 for 2.5 h to five human subjects, its concentrations in plasma increased slowly to 185 ng ml-1 +/- 5 per cent C.V. at 2.5 h and a steady-state plasma level was not reached during the infusion. When the infusion was discontinued, plasma drug concentrations declined with an elimination half-life of 4.2 h +/- 6 per cent C.V. The systemic clearance after the infusion doses was 132 ml min-1 +/- 18 per cent C.V. and the volume of distribution was 48.4 +/- 16 per cent C.V. After equal oral doses of 10 mg, the peak plasma isosorbide 5-mononitrate concentration of 191 ng ml-1 +/- 16 per cent C.V. was reached at 1.1 h +/- 30 per cent C.V., and plasma levels declined with a terminal half-life of 4.9 h. The complete systemic availability of isosorbide 5-mononitrate indicated that pre-systemic elimination after the oral doses was negligible. A one-compartment open model appeared adequate to describe the plasma level data after intravenous infusion and oral dose. After single oral doses of 10 mg isosorbide dinitrate, the peak plasma concentration of the 5-mononitrate metabolite of 72 ng ml-1 +/- 27 per cent C. V. occurred at 1.7 h +/- 41 per cent C.V. Approximately 50 per cent (range 22--68 per cent) of the oral dose of isosorbide dinitrate circulated in plasma as the 5-mononitrate metabolite. The pharmacokinetics of isosorbide mononitrates are markedly different to those of the parent dinitrate and these differences follow from the greater systemic availability and volume of distribution of the mononitrates. PMID- 7295883 TI - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of betamethasone and its water soluble phosphate ester in humans. AB - Two betamethasone tablet formulations, and betamethasone phosphate solution were compared in a plasma level study. The tablet formulations (A and B) and a solution of betamethasone phosphate (C) were administered in single 2 mg doses to nine volunteers according to a three times repeated Latin square design. Plasma samples were obtained over 72 h following each dose and plasma was analysed for betamethasone by radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the data, obtained according to the one-compartment open model, indicated that there were no significant differences between the extent of absorption, and the first-order elimination rate constants. As would be expected, the solution (C) gave a faster absorption rate than tablets A and B. PMID- 7295884 TI - Plasma concentrations and bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate and pindolol from a combination formulation. AB - The plasma concentrations and bioavailability of sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate and standard-release pindolol have been compared after administration of these drugs in combination and alone. Bioavailability parameters of isosorbide dinitrate and pindolol obtained after administration of the drugs in combination were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) to those obtained after administration of either drug alone. Two peaks of mean concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate occurred in plasma after administration of 30 mg of this drug in combination with 7.5 mg pindolol (4.4 ng ml-1 at 1 h and 4.5 ng ml-1 at 5 h), or alone (5.9 ng ml-1 at 2 h and 5.7 ng ml-1 at 5 h). In each case, plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate were maintained during at least 8 h, whereas the drug was not detected in plasma at 2.5 h after administration of a standard-release formulation. The peaks of mean concentrations of pindolol were 39.7 ng ml-1 at 1.5 h after administration of 7.5 mg drug in combination with isosorbide dinitrate and 38.0 ng ml-1 at 1 h administration of the drug alone. Concentrations of pindolol in plasma declined with a half-life of 3 h. PMID- 7295885 TI - Normal pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-diphosphonate after intravenous administration. AB - In the past several years bone imaging has become a routine diagnostic tool for the nuclear medicine clinician. However, increased information may be derived by determining the ratio-pharmacokinetic parameters associated with blood, urine, and bone. In an adult male population of normals (N = 5--6) blood clearance, urinary excretion, and skeletal uptake of 99mTc-Diphosphonate were determined as a function of time after intravenous (i.v.) administration. The quantitative imaging studies (lower lumbar region) were performed up to 1 h post administration with a scintillation camera interfaced to a computer. Blood levels exhibited a triexponential clearance pattern and urinary excretion of the radiopharmaceutical was essentially complete by 4 h. The computer-generated images showed an initial early uptake in bone, kidneys, and soft tissue. Thereafter, a parallel fall-off in activity was observed in kidneys and soft tissue, with a concomitant increase in bone. PMID- 7295886 TI - Plasma propranolol concentrations in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. AB - Previous work has shown that after a single oral dose, plasma propranolol concentrations in patients with active inflammatory disease are significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. After oral administration of propranolol (2 mg) to arthritic rats, the area under the mean drug concentration-time curve in plasma was approximately 10 times greater than that in control animals. After intravenous administration (0.25 mg) the area in arthritic rats was approximately doubled compared with that in controls. The mechanisms causing these changes are not known, but it is probable that increased drug binding to an acute phase reactant in plasma, together with decreased first-pass hepatic clearance in arthritic rats after oral dosing, are involved. PMID- 7295887 TI - Model-independent linear pharmacokinetic equations for variable dosing regimens. PMID- 7295888 TI - Influence of pH and ionic strength on the lysis of Micrococcus luteus cells by hen lysozyme at low (20 degree C) and high (physiological, 40 degree C) temperature. AB - From isoactivity curves (showing activity as a function of Ph and ionic strength) it was found that in the pH domain 6.7-8.6 frequently used in experiments involving hen lysozyme, the pH optimum of lysis of Micrococcus luteus cells at low ionic strength (0.02-0.05) by the high-temperature form (40 degree C, physiological temperature) was one to two pH units lower than that by the low temperature form (20 degree C). PMID- 7295889 TI - Uptake by rat peritoneal macrophages of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone entrapped within liposomes. AB - Rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro capture 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone entrapped within either negatively or positively charged liposomes more rapidly than they do the free macromolecule. The uptake of negatively charged liposomes was linear with time over 10 h, whilst the uptake of positively charged ones, although more rapid, was more transient. Neither type of liposome was taken up in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol (100 microgram/ml), and 5 mM calcium chloride increased the uptake of negatively charged liposomes. The enhanced uptake of 125I labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone when presented in liposomes must have been a consequence of entrapment rather than of a simple interaction between lipid and polyvinylpyrrolidone since the presence of the lipids employed or of empty liposomes had no effect on the uptake of unentrapped 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone. PMID- 7295890 TI - A putative pathway of glyconeogenesis in skeletal muscle. AB - Evidence is presented in support of a pathway in skeletal muscle of glyconeogenesis (glycogen biosynthesis de novo) from L-glutamate and related amino acids involving the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEP CK). In the rat hemidiaphragm in vitro, not only did L-[U]-14C]glutamate exert a glycogen sparing action, but 14C-label was incorporated into glycogen. The incorporation is thought not to be simply via label randomization and was decreased by factors that increased glycolysis or pyruvate oxidation. 3-Mercaptopicolinate and amino oxyacetate, specific inhibitors of PEP CK and aminotransferase-type enzymes, respectively, decreased 14C-incorporation from L-[U-14C]glutamate into glycogen. No quantitative determination of apparent glyconeogenic flux was made, and it remains to be established whether glyconeogenesis via PEP CK and/or via PEP CK coupled with "malic' enzyme (or pyruvate carboxylase) is functionally important in skeletal muscle. PMID- 7295891 TI - Alkalinization of phosphorylase kinase-deficient muscle during tetanic contraction. AB - The intracellular pH of resting and stimulated muscle was monitored by two independent methods: measurement of pH in iodoacetate-treated homogenates of freeze-clamped tissue and the absorbance at 550-443 nm of intracellular neutral red dye in vivo. During tetanic stimulation, muscle of phosphorylase kinase deficient mice shows a transient alkalinization whereas muscle in normal mice becomes more acid under similar conditions. The alkalinization appears to be caused by abnormally rapid AMP deamination associated with adaptation to phosphorylase kinase deficiency. PMID- 7295892 TI - Coagulation factor III (tissue factor) interaction with phospholipid vesicles induced by cadmium: characterization of the reconstituted protein-membrane complex. AB - Coagulation factor III (tissue factor) is a membrane glycoprotein which serves as a cofactor in the proteolytic activation of factor X and factor IX by factor VIIa. Mixing of human placental factor III apoprotein with vesicles of bovine brain phospholipids does not produce significant reconstitution of factor III activity, but, when the mixture of apoprotein and vesicles is made 5 mM with CdCl2, the apoprotein is incorporated into the vesicles. Ultracentrifugation on sucrose density gradients demonstrated that the active factor III-lipid complex formed by reconstitution with vesicles had a density indistinguishable from that of the complex formed by detergent dialysis. Vesicles isolated after centrifugation were shown to range in diameter from 20 nm to over 100 nm using the electron microscope. Gel filtration showed that factor-III activity was associated with all size-classes of vesicles. The presence of factor III activity in the smallest vesicles argues for a specific cadmium-mediated reconstitution of the apoprotein with phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 7295893 TI - The use of antiserum with specific reactivity toward fat-cell surface antigen(s) to follow the progression of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation in vitro. AB - Using an indirect, labelled-second-antibody cellular immunoassay technique, an adipocyte-specific antiserum has been investigated. Components of the antiserum were shown to bind to differentiated 3T3-L1 cells; the cellular capacity for binding increased progressively during the induced differentiation of these cells in vitro. PMID- 7295894 TI - The use of membrane-active compounds to examine the structure of the surface membrane of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The effects of a variety of lipophilic compounds on the young stage (schistosomulum) and adult Schistosoma mansoni have been studied by measuring the release of 51Cr and 125I-labelled wheat-germ agglutinin from labelled parasites. The compounds could be classified into three groups, one of which described reagents which affected only the schistosomulum. It is concluded that during development, changes occur in the organization of the lipid phase of the parasite membrane. PMID- 7295895 TI - 31P-NMR investigation of solid tumours in the living rat. AB - The 31P-NMR spectra of living tumours (Walker 256 carcinosarcomas) have been obtained using surface coils and found to be unlike those of normal tissues. Contrary to expectations, their intracellular pH (measured from the chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate peak) was only slightly more acid than that of normal rat muscle, and glucose infusion did not depress it. However, when deoxyglucose was infused, the tumour intracellular pH measured from the chemical shift of the deoxyglucose-6-phosphate peak was much lower (6.44 +/- 0.02) than that measured from the phosphate peak (7.14 +/- 0.01). PMID- 7295896 TI - Detection of complementary RNA intermediates of viroid replication by Northern blot hybridization. AB - Molecular hybridization by the Northern blot technique in combination with 125I labeled PSTV (+) RNA and 32P-labeled PSTV cDNA as probes has been applied to detect viroid-specific sequences in healthy and viroid(PSTV)-infected tomato plants. Conditions are described which allow differentiation of (+) and (-) viroid sequences on the basis of the different thermostabilities of the corresponding hybrid molecules. By this experimental approach, it is documented that no viroid-specific DNA sequences can be detected and that viroid replication proceeds via complementary RNA intermediates. Out of the seven (-) RNA species found, six are apparently larger than the circular viroid (+) RNA and one is about the same size as the linear (+) RNA molecule. PMID- 7295897 TI - Preferential utilization of bromodeoxyuridine and iododeoxyuridine triphosphates by DNA polymerase gamma in vitro. AB - Thymidine triphosphate (TTP) and its halogenated analog bromodeoxyuridine triphosphate (BrdUTP) were compared in vitro as substrates for several prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerases to determine a possible enzymatic preference which might account for the reported finding of nonrandom patterns of incorporation of the analog in eukaryotic cellular DNA as well as help clarify the mechanism for drug-induced activation of latent retroviruses from animal cells. Following nucleotide competition reactions, no discriminatory utilization was detected from a mixture containing equimolar [3H]TTP and [alpha 32P]TTP for any of the polymerases. In contrast, when [3H]BrdUTP was mixed with an equal concentration of [alpha 32P]TTP, it was apparent that eukaryotic DNA polymerase gamma utilized more of the brominated analog triphosphate in preference to the unsubstituted compound. This increased affinity was confirmed by the differences in Km values. Furthermore, the selectivity of polymerase gamma was even more pronounced with the iodinated thymidine analog iododeoxyuridine triphosphate. On the other hand, polymerase gamma failed to discriminate as readily between equal concentrations of alpha 32P-labeled deoxycytidine triphosphate and 125I-labeled iododeoxycytidine triphosphate. PMID- 7295898 TI - Uptake of free and liposome-entrapped 125I-labelled PVP by rat intestinal sacs in vitro: evidence for endocytosis. AB - The uptake of free and liposome-entrapped 125I-labelled PVP was measured in and intestinal-sac preparation from adult rats. Uptake of the free macromolecule was directly proportional to the substrate concentration and was reduced by colchicine and sodium azide. Uptake of the liposome-entrapped macromolecule was greater than that of the free macromolecule, was not directly proportional to substrate concentration, showed signs of saturation at high liposome concentrations, and was also reduced by sodium azide and colchicine. These results suggest that gut epithelial cells take up the free macromolecule by fluid phase endocytosis and the liposome-entrapped macromolecule by adsorptive endocytosis. PMID- 7295899 TI - Tryptic peptide mapping of core polypeptide from heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles. AB - The core proteins of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles, which migrate as four major bands on one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels, exhibit an complex pattern on two-dimensional gels in which each protein resolves into strings of polypeptides of differing charge. Tryptic peptide mapping was employed to analyse the structural relationship of their components. The 34,000 dalton protein (polypeptide-group B) resolves into a string of seven major components, of which four have been analysed. Tryptic peptide maps indicated that minor variants of at least two proteins occur in this group. The A group of polypeptides, comprising six major components of mol.wt. 32,000 and the D group, comprising three major polypeptides of mol.wt. 40,000, were also examined. Tryptic peptide maps indicate that the two protein types are fundamentally different from each other and from the B-group proteins, but they again exhibit minor variation consistent with post-translational modification. PMID- 7295900 TI - Evidence on the conformation of HeLa-cell 5.8 S rRNA during interaction with 28 S rRNA. AB - The sites and extents of bisulphite-mediated deamination of cytidine residues in HeLa-cell 5.8 S rRNA within the 5.8 S / 28 S rRNA complex have been determined. Comparison of these data with equivalent data for isolated ('unbound') 5.8 S rRNA suggests that the conformation of several cytidine residues, including inter alia those within the 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences, differs in the two forms of 5.8 S rRNA. We therefore conclude that the sequences comprising stem 'a' of the isolated 5.8 S rRNA are involved in hydrogen-bonding to 28 S rRNA in the 60 S ribosomal subunit, but that the interactions are more subtle and complex than those proposed in earlier models. PMID- 7295901 TI - Lipogenesis in response to an oral glucose load in fed and starved rats. AB - Lipogenesis in livers of fed but not of starved rats is increased after intragastric feeding with glucose. In contrast, lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue increases in both fed and starved animals. These observations suggest that lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue is regulated by mechanisms in addition to, or other than, those operating in liver. The fate of newly synthesized lipid in brown adipose tissue is not known. However, the formation of palmitoyl-carnitine from palmitoyl-CoA and carnitine by mitochondria from brown fat was inhibited by malonyl-CoA. Although inhibition was not 100%, it is implied that mitochondrial uptake of the newly synthesized fat by the carnitine acyltransferase system is restricted under conditions of increased lipogenesis. PMID- 7295902 TI - Sympathetic activation of brown-adipose-tissue thermogenesis in cachexia. AB - Tumour-bearing mice spontaneously lose weight 8-9 weeks after implantation of a human hypernephroma, in spite of a normal food intake. Resting oxygen consumption was up to 40% higher in these animals than in sham-operated controls, but was significantly reduced by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol in the former group. The injection of noradrenaline caused a marked stimulation of the metabolic rate in all the animals, but the greatest response was seen in the cachectic mice. The brown-adipose-tissue mass was similar for both groups, but guanosine diphosphate binding to brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria (an index of thermogenic capacity) was significantly increased in tumor-bearing mice, and the injection of noradrenaline 1 h prior to sacrifice caused the greatest stimulation of binding in the cachectic group. These data suggest that the rapid weight loss of tumor-bearing animals may be due to a high metabolic rate which results from sympathetic stimulation of brown-adipose-tissue metabolism. The relevance of these results to cancer-induced cachexia in man is discussed. PMID- 7295903 TI - The generality of cation-binding sites in rod-shaped viruses. AB - Hydrogen-ion titration curves have been measured for two filamentous plant viruses (clover yellow mosaic virus and potato virus X) and two filamentous bacterial viruses (fd and Pf1) with and without Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions present, and for the protein of the PM6 mutant of tobacco mosaic virus. The bacterial viruses do not possess the 'strong' cation-binding sites found in all plant viruses, but they have 'weak' sites that can be assigned to juxtaposed carboxylate groups on their external surfaces. The strong sites in plant viruses still cannot be assigned to any particular amino-acid side chains, but they must be located in the region of high electronegativity near the axis. PMID- 7295904 TI - Identification of two further collagenous fractions from articular cartilage. AB - Salt fractionation of pepsin-solubilized human and porcine articular cartilage has revealed the presence of two further collagenous fractions, CF1 and CF2, at high salt concentration following the precipitation of Type-II, 1 alpha, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, and Type-M collagens. Both fractions precipitate at 2.0 M NaCl, but higher yields of CF1 are obtained at 3.0 M NaCl. CF1 and CF2 can be separated in the native form using carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography. Under denaturing conditions, CF1 has an apparent molecular weight of 25 000 and is unaffected by mercaptoethanol, whereas CF2 has a molecular weight of 35 000 before and 12 000 after reduction by mercaptoethanol. These fractions are probably fragments derived from larger collagen molecules, although the cyanogen bromide digest studies suggest that they are derived from a collagenous type other than one of those previously identified in cartilage. PMID- 7295905 TI - Enterohepatic circulation of IgA does not occur in rats. AB - The concentration of IgA in rat bile falls with time after cannulation. This effect is particularly marked in germ-free animals, in which the initial level of IgA is markedly subnormal anyway. The fall suggests that the cannula is draining to the exterior IgA, which would normally be recirculated. However, when germ free or normal rats were supplied intraduodenally with bile whose IgA carried 125I, no transfer of this labelled IgA from the gut lumen back to the bile could be detected. PMID- 7295906 TI - Polypeptide chain composition of thyroglobulin. AB - It is known that thyroglobulin can be dissociated into a component which appears to be a half molecule (12 S) of the undissociated molecule (19 S). In the present work, these two molecular species were isolated with a high degree of purity by preparative gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and were individually reduced. The reduction pattern of the 12 S form displayed only two closely migrating bands, both having an apparent Mr near 330 000, whereas the undissociated (covalently linked) 19 S form showed a complex pattern consisting of, besides the 330 000 doublet, nonreducible material and several faster bands, resembling the pattern of the unfractionated protein. The origin of the faster moving peptides is not known. These results have been obtained with both hog and rat thyroglobulin. PMID- 7295907 TI - Serum-dependence of fluid-phase pinocytosis and specificity in adsorptive pinocytosis of simple proteins in rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - An increase in the concentration of serum resulted in a very marked increase in the rate of fluid-phase pinocytosis in rat peritoneal macrophages, as measured by the uptake of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone. In contrast, the rate of uptake of colloidal [198Au]gold, an adsorptive substrate, decreased when the serum concentration was increased. This lessened uptake of colloidal gold must be due to competition by serum components. Studies on the specificity of pinocytosis of simple proteins, using 125I-labelled H4 and M4 forms of porcine lactate dehydrogenase, and formaldehyde-denatured and untreated bovine serum albumin as substrates, suggest that positive charge and hydrophobicity determine adsorptive pinocytosis of simple proteins in peritoneal macrophages. The rate of fluid-phase pinocytosis and the specificity of adsorptive pinocytosis in peritoneal macrophages are very similar to those reported for Kupffer cells. PMID- 7295908 TI - Self-sustaining multiplication and reproduction of microsystems in protobiogenesis. AB - The appearance of reproducing microsystems during stimulated protobiogenesis is investigated theoretically, based upon the observation that proteinoid microsystems, which are local aggregates of reacting chemicals, act as reaction nodes. Further splitting of such nodes follows if sufficient growth takes place. Parent-connected daughter nodes thus appear. A parent-connected daughter node rejuvenates itself while its parent node survives, although an extinction of the latter is inevitable in the presence of spontaneous disturbances. The degree of rejuvenation is measured in terms of the molecule intake and dissociation rates at the node. A daughter node grows and matures after the extinction of its parent, and gives rise to second-generation nodes when it grows sufficiently large. The parent node alternates with its parent-connected daughter nodes successively. PMID- 7295909 TI - An interphase model for mitotic chromosome organization in eukaryota. AB - A model for the spatial relationship of the arrangement of the chromosomes in the nucleus in eukaryota is presented. Evidence is derived from light and electron microscopic studies, application of autoradiographic and banding techniques; on the organization, structure and behaviour of chromosomes during interphase and other stages of cell cycle. This model visualizes the entire chromosomal DNA as a single uninemic multirepliconic continuum where the chromosomes with their centromeres and telomeres have a predetermined arrangement among themselves as well as in relation to the nucleolus and nuclear membrane. This orderly arrangement is presumably maintained through interchromosomal connections. The impact of this model on the interpretation of various cytogenetic phenomena is discussed. PMID- 7295910 TI - A computer model for epidermal cellular interactions. AB - A model has been constructed of an assembly of mammalian epidermal cells. The model, simulated by computer, has served as a framework by which experiments can be performed "in machina". Relationships between the various parameters considered have been established. Hypotheses referring to the time at which cells leave the basal layer, and to the simultaneous occurrence of folded basal layer and of a significant number of vertical mitosis in some hyperplastic conditions have been implemented and examined. PMID- 7295911 TI - The horizontal magnetic dance of the honeybee is compatible with a single-domain ferromagnetic magnetoreceptor. AB - Although honeybees are able to sense the geomagnetic field, very little is known about the method in which they are able to detect it. The recent discovery of biochemically precipitated magnetite (Fe3O4) in bees, however, suggests the possibility that they might use a simple compass organelle for magnetoreception. If so, their orientation accuracy ought to be related to the accuracy of the compass, e.g. it should be poor in a weak background fields and enhanced in strong fields. When dancing to the magnetic directions on a horizontal honeycomb, bees clearly show this type of alignment behavior. A least-squares fit between the expected alignment of a compass and this horizontal dance data is consistent with this hypothesis, and implies that the receptors have magnetic moments of 5 x 10(-13) emu, or magnetite volumes near 10(-15) cm3. Additional considerations suggest that these crystals are slightly sub-spherical and single-domain in size, held symmetrically in their receptors, and have a magnetic orientation energy of approximately to 6 kT in the geomagnetic field. A model of a magnetite-based magnetoreceptor consistent with these constraints is discussed. PMID- 7295912 TI - Measurement of biological activity in materially closed microbial ecosystems. AB - Gas phase oxygen concentrations of materially closed, energetically open miniature microbial ecosystems were measured periodically. Our results indicate: (i) closed systems remain biologically active for at least 9 years, (ii) Po2 values might serve as an indicator of stability, (iii) each closed ecosystem seems to seek its own unique final Po2 state, and (iv) ecosystem response to experimentally depleted Po2 suggests the presence of positive feedback control. PMID- 7295913 TI - Evolution and gradualness. AB - Evolutionary systems are commonly considered to have fundamental properties: (1) elements (or organisms) in the system reproduce with mutation and (2) only the fit elements survive. I propose that evolutionary systems have a third property - the property of gradualness. A system has gradualness, if, and only if, small changes in an element usually lead to small changes in that element's fitness. I have formalized a framework from which attempts to design evolutionary systems might proceed. Of particular importance are the criteria, based on the notion of perpetuation, which a system's behavior must satisfy in order to be considered evolutionary. By my standards, no computer programs have been designed that manifest meaningful evolutionary behavior. PMID- 7295915 TI - Computer analysis of continuous blood pressure recordings in essential hypertension. AB - Blood pressure signals recorded continuously in ambulatory patients were analyzed by an IBM 370 computer and the systolic and diastolic values of each pressure cycle presented in form of a histogram. The results of pressure recordings in patients with 'borderline or labile' and 'established' hypertension are presented and discussed. PMID- 7295914 TI - Searching and gradualness. AB - Consider the elements of the power set S as the alternatives in a search space. Each element of the set has a value and the goal of a search is to find an element with near-minimum value. If high-valued elements of cardinality i (recall that elements of S are themselves sets) are subsets of high-valued elements of cardinality i + 1, then the search space has a king of gradualness that should facilitate search. A search algorithm might generate a series, S' (1), . . . S' (k) of samples in S, where all the elements in S' (i) have cardinality i. I propose a class of search algorithms, where each algorithm A(j) generates S' (i + 1) by emphasizing the j lowest-valued elements in S' (i). I then define search space gradualness and search algorithm performance and formally relate gradualness and performance. PMID- 7295916 TI - Assessment of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and heart rate in ambulatory patients. AB - Blood pressure recorded telemetrically over 24 h revealed a distinct circadian rhythm, in good accordance with the results of other investigators, measuring intra-arterially, but show much higher amplitudes and earlier acrophases as obtained by indirect blood pressure measurements. Telemetry which allowed measurements when subjects were sleeping proved to be an appropriate tool for the assessment of circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate. PMID- 7295917 TI - Effects of treatment on circadian rhythms of blood pressure. AB - Clinical trials of beta-blocking drugs in hypertensive subjects have shown that these drugs do not affect blood pressure significantly at night or during the early morning. Labetalol, which is a combined alpha- and beta-blocking agent, reduces mean blood pressure levels at all times. These studies strongly support the hypothesis of a circadian rhythm of alpha-receptor-mediated-sympathetic activity. PMID- 7295918 TI - Radiotelemetry of direct blood pressure measurements in the arterial and pulmonary circulation. AB - Radiotelemetry of direct blood pressure measurements in the arterial and pulmonary circulation is assessed in most practical situations of everyday life and sport activities. Comparison of radiotelemetric data with values estimated by practitioners, students and doctors of internal medicine demonstrates a general underestimation of everyday physical and emotional stress, whereas car driving is heavily overestimated. A wide difference is also found in swimming, isometric exercise and the cold phase of the sauna bath. PMID- 7295919 TI - Telemetry of cardiac left ventricular pressure in conscious dogs. AB - A fully implantable telemetric system for the measurement of cardiac left ventricular pressure and derived parameters in conscious dogs is presented. It provides the following advantages: ethical acceptability, scientific relevance, economical experimentation, avoidance of stress-induced situations for the animal, experiments without anaesthesia or sedation. The system has an operation time which allows the sequential pharmacological evaluation of a great number of drugs in individual dogs as has been shown by testing the effect of the positive inotropic agent, dobutamine, and the calcium antagonists, verapamil and nifedipine. PMID- 7295920 TI - Continuous recording of intra-arterial blood pressure during graded bicycle ergometry and stair climbing in essential hypertension. AB - Ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring was used to record blood pressure during graded exercise on a bicycle ergometer and during stair climbing in 6 normotensive subjects, 19 patients with untreated uncomplicated hypertension and 8 patients with untreated hypertension and ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Exercise was performed on the bicycle ergometer at 250, 400, 700 and 1,000 kpm/min and each subject also climbed a maximum of 160 stairs. Bicycle ergometry was associated with an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and in patients with uncomplicated hypertension the levels of pressure attained were high. Stair climbing produced an increase limited mainly to systolic blood pressure, and in some subjects was followed by a secondary increase in both systolic and diastolic pressure during the recovery period. The blood pressure response to bicycle ergometry and stair climbing was generally similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects but the increase in pressure was greatest in the patients with uncomplicated hypertension. PMID- 7295922 TI - Blood pressure. PMID- 7295921 TI - Ambulatory monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Comparison between blood pressure measurements obtained with the Remler M 2000 portable recorder and by radiotelemetry under laboratory conditions and during everyday activities. AB - Simultaneous indirect and direct arterial blood pressure measurements were performed with a Remler M 2000 (RM) portable recorder and by radiotelemetry (RT) in 21 subjects under various conditions such as rest in the supine position and in an 80 degree upright position on a tilting table, during bicycle ergometry, physical exercise on the terrain and under the emotional stress of driving a car. There is a good correlation between semiautomatic pressure measurements carried out with the RM portable recorder and radiotelemetric data. The differences observed are basically due to the auscultation method. But the RM has an advantage over the auscultation method in that it objectively registers the Korotkov sounds and records them on a tape, not only under laboratory conditions but also during everyday activities. PMID- 7295923 TI - Continuous tape-recording of ambulatory blood pressure. Technical considerations. AB - A technique of recording continuous intra-arterial blood pressure in fully ambulatory subjects, on to magnetic tape is described. This method makes use of a specially developed transducer-perfusion unit, which incorporates a strain-gauge pressure transducer and a perfusion system using an electrical "delta" pump. The signal is recorded on cassette tape using a miniature physiological recorder. This recording method has been fully evaluated in the laboratory and has been used clinically on 550 occasions with satisfactory results. Technical limitations and clinical experience of this recording technique are discussed. PMID- 7295925 TI - Radiotelemetry of direct blood pressure. AB - With radiotelemetry either systemic arterial pressure or pulmonary artery pressure or both simultaneously can be measured, which allows testing of all groups of patients with cardiovascular diseases. The telemetry system also allows simultaneous assessment of ECG, which in patients with arrhythmias reveals the hemodynamic effects of ectopic beats. For radiotelemetry of blood pressure the microcatheter (Leadercath system) is introduced by a modified Seldinger technique into the brachial or femoral artery. The pressure transducer (Statham type P 23 and SP 37) is mounted extracorporeally as close as possible to the right atrium. PMID- 7295924 TI - Clinical relevance of ambulatory blood pressure measurements. AB - The development of vascular complications in patients with hypertension is related to the level of blood pressure. A more representative measure of blood pressure is obtained by repeatedly measuring pressure after a period of rest or activity, and on several occasions. Really satisfactory values are, however, only obtained by multiple measurements throughout the day during a patient's normal activities. This is achieved with the Remler equipment (Model M-100-1 and M 2000). The working of the apparatus is described and its accuracy investigated. The findings of 675 untreated patients with essential hypertension are reviewed, and a few individual cases described which have been followed up to 10 years. PMID- 7295926 TI - Fully automatic portable recording of indirect blood pressures in subjects awake and asleep, at home and at work. AB - The only commercially available automatic indirect blood pressure device in the USA, the Remler 2000, lacks a second channel for recording patients' comments and is not suitable for application during certain activities such as driving a car, or during sleep. A device is presented, circumventing these problems, allowing the recording of blood pressure every 15 min over 10 h. The validation of the device has been proved by comparing 121 determinations with the standard method, and 45 determinations in 9 subjects with intravascular values. PMID- 7295927 TI - Comparison of radiotelemetry of blood pressure and standard exercise tests. AB - The response of blood pressure, heart rate and systolic rate-pressure-product was investigated in healthy subjects during normal everyday and sports activities. In patients with coronary heart diseases the validity of different types of exercise tests was investigated during cross-country walking. The results are described in detail, leading to a number of clinically useful conclusions, e.g., that the body position and type of muscle work play an important role in the hemodynamic response, both in healthy persons and coronary patients. PMID- 7295928 TI - Implantable telemetry systems. PMID- 7295929 TI - Survey of Implantable telemetry. PMID- 7295930 TI - Intracranial pressure telemetry system. I. Hardware development. AB - Results in the development of intracranial pressure(ICP) telemetry systems are reported. Included are a single-channel ICP system and a two-channel ICP and temperature system. The unit used hybrid-integrated circuits housed in a Kovar flatpack and packaged with polyurethane or Hysol epoxy. Battery and radio frequency (RF) induction power supplies were tested. The two-channel systems used RF power at 3.5 MHz and transmitted signals around 120 MHz. The package measures 3 x 2 x 0.8 cm and weighs 9 g. The pressure range is -20 to +100 mm Hg with accuracy to 1.0 mm Hg. The implant measures absolute pressure and has a baseline stability of better than +/- 2 mm Hg/month. 17 dogs and 4 goats were used for in vivo evaluation. A summary of results is presented. Detailed evaluation is given in section II of this paper. PMID- 7295931 TI - Intracranial pressure telemetry system. II. Animal testing. AB - A small, implantable, telemetric device for the long-term monitoring of intracranial pressure has been described in part I of this article. This portion of the study is designed to demonstrate the in vivo operational characteristics of that implant device in experimental animals. Results indicate that this system can provide long-term in vivo operation with rapid and accurate responses to acute changes in pressure. Data also indicate some drift in the baseline measurement of pressure. No signs of abnormal body reactions to the units were observed. PMID- 7295932 TI - An implantable micropower command receiver for telemetry battery power switching. AB - Command receivers that control the functioning of additional implanted circuitry can be useful in many medical telemetry applications. The authors have designed and constructed a thick-film hybrid command receiver system that directly interfaces with the second-generation ICP telemetry system. This command receiver controls telemetry on/off state through enabling/disabling the telemetry pulse generator stage. Lithium battery powering of the implant is made practical through use of this command receiver. An automatic power shutdown feature is incorporated to guard against accidental battery drain. The unit uses two commercial CMOS integrated circuits, a transistor, a resistor and an RF coil. PMID- 7295933 TI - An implantable RF-powered dual channel stimulator. AB - An implantable RF-powered dual channel stimulator was designed for hip stabilization. The approach included: small size, low power consumption, external powering, adjustable output current stimulus, dual channel operation an hermetic sealed electronic packaging. Thick film hybrid circuit techniques were used. The circuit and RF powering scheme were designed for low power operation with compromise to allow for linear and lateral displacements between the transmitting and receiving antenna. The output stimuli are biphasic negative going current pulses of 175 microseconds duration and 0-5 mA amplitude. Hermeticity is provided by enclosure of the electronics in a flat pack and subsequent epoxy coating of the implant assembly. PMID- 7295934 TI - [Effect of cooling on rhythmo-inotropic relations in pathologically altered myocardium]. AB - Fragments of the right atrium auricle from patients with congenital and acquired heart diseases were used to study the effect of the Tyrode solution temperature over the 60-minute cessation of electrical stimulation of the preparations on the recovery of the amplitude of rhythmic contractions after the pause. The lack of stimulation within 34 to 24 degrees C does not lower the contraction amplitude after warming of the preparations and renewal of rhythmic stimulation. The hypothermal pause at a temperature of 10-14 degrees C leads to the development of contractures and suppresses the myocardial contractility. The positive inotropic action of dopamin (1.10(-6) g/ml), isadrin (1.10(-7) g/ml) and strophanthine (1.10(-6) g/ml) on the myocardium in patients with acquired heart diseases is remarkably diminished after the hypothermal pause. PMID- 7295935 TI - [Cytofluorimetric study of small, intensely fluorescing cells in the atria of rats following a single injection of guanethidine]. AB - The fluorescence intensity of small high-fluorescent (SHF) cells of rat auricles was measured after the treatment by the modified Falk method in health and 3,14 and 72 hours after a single injection of guanethidine. No significant changes in the fluorescence intensity were found on analysis of the entire pool of SHF auricular cells and of individual SHF cells, while SHF cells of the clasters of the superior caval vein and interauricular septum manifest counterphasic deviations from the basal line of fluorescence, with these deviations being most remarkable 14 hours after the injection. The changes in the fluorescence intensity of SHF cells, which were seen within the periods of time corresponding with the minimum noradrenaline content in the heart allow the conclusion that SHF cell function is in good agreement with the heart noradrenaline level. The line of changes in the catecholamine content of SHF cells in the areas under consideration is likely to attest to the regional principle of the SHF cell pool organization in auricular tissue. PMID- 7295936 TI - [Transcription in the sympathetic neurocytes of rats at different stages of postnatal ontogeny]. AB - Examination of transcription with the use of autoradiographic determination of the activity of endogenous RNA-polymerases in fixed neurons of the rat cranial cervical ganglion has shown the existence of the age-associated time course of nucleolar, nucleoplasmic and total nuclear labeling which supposedly reflects the changes in the number of the transcription units of DNA in the course of postnatal ontogenesis. PMID- 7295938 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the biological activity of ischemic toxin and its effect on plasma chemiluminescence]. AB - Low-molecular fractions of the order of 10000 dalton isolated from blood plasma of the dogs with experimental acute ischemia quenched blood plasma chemiluminescence induced by ferrous ions. The most pronounced quenching effect was exhibited by the fractions possessing the most remarkable ability to increase frog systoles. These fractions have been attributed to the group of "ischemic toxins". PMID- 7295937 TI - [Effect of cerebellectomy on strychnine foci in the cerebral cortex]. AB - Acute experiments on cats demonstrated that cerebellectomy resulted in the shortened latency period of the appearance of seizure discharges produced in the neocortex by strychnine application. The time during which the amplitude of spikes was increasing up to the maximal size declined as well. Meanwhile the period of the existence of the spikes of maximal amplitude and the total time of potential generation were greater. A conclusion is made that the cerebellum is an important component of the brain antiepileptic system. PMID- 7295939 TI - [Maintenance of myocardial contractivity in dogs following cardioplegia using blood]. AB - Dog hearts were perfused with a cardioplegic solution based on the blood (hemodilution, 20-25%, heparin, 60 mg/l, K, 20 + 25 mEq/l, pH 7.7, temperature 15 degrees C). The hearts were stored for 2 hours at 15 degrees C. Short-term cardioplegic perfusions were made every 20 minutes. It has been shown that the fragments of the left atrial auricle preserve high contractility which is close to the initial level after 1 and 2 hours of storage. PMID- 7295940 TI - [Changes in renal nerve efferent activity upon stimulation of medullary nuclei with serotonin]. AB - In acute experiments on cats, microinjections of 2 micrograms of serotonin to the nucleus of tractus solitarii and to the ventral reticular nucleus brought about remarkable and consistent changes in renal sympathetic activity. The test nuclei were shown to contain serotoninoceptive neurons. Serotonin activation of the neurons led to the potentiation of efferent activity. The stimulation also had an inhibitory effect on renal sympathetic activity. Microinjections of serotonin to the nucleus of tractus solitarii at the height of the pressor sinocarotid reflex suppressed the sympathetic activity, while the systemic arterial pressure was negligibly changed. The evidence obtained suggests that the effect of intrastructurally injected serotonin on sympathetic renal activity is determined to a considerable degree by the function of the test structures. PMID- 7295941 TI - [Effect of leu- and met-enkephalins on the brain's reinforcement systems]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of met- and leu-enkephalins (ME and LE) during the reactions of self stimulation and active avoidance (AA) of electrical stimulation of the central gray of the midbrain. Microinjections of LE in doses of 50-100 micrograms facilitated SS of the brain. ME in doses of 50-200 micrograms inhibited SS of the central gray. Both enkephalins inhibited AA reaction but this effect was more remarkable after LE injection. The effects of the enkephalins on SS and AA were reversed by naloxon. PMID- 7295942 TI - [Demonstration of latent postural asymmetry by means of a synthetic hexapeptide]. AB - In experiments on random-bred rats, the synthetic hexapeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu Arg caused the intensification of the muscle tone in the latent period of formation of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation and in the stage where the generator activity did not manifest under normal conditions (clinical recovery). The effect described was shown both clinically by extension of the hind leg and electromyographically by the appearance of asynchronous electrical activity in the muscles of the hind leg. Control suboccipital administration of the related hexapeptide not containing D-leucin, or physiological solution did not produce the effect described. PMID- 7295943 TI - [Role of peroxides in changes in brain mitochondria energy metabolism following exposure to schizophrenic patients' serum]. AB - Antioxidants normalize some of the characteristics of energy metabolism in mitochondria from the rat cerebral cortex, altered as a result of exposure to blood serum from patients suffering from continuous schizophrenia. Meanwhile, antioxidants proved little effective after administration of blood serum from patients with attach-like schizophrenia. The whole blood serum and low-molecular fractions (ultrafiltrate, protein-free) obtained from it (the first group of patients) increased the intensity of malonic dialdehyde accumulation by the test system, whereas in the second group of patients, this process, exposed to the analogous blood fractions, proceeded less violently. It is concluded that one of the reasons for alterations in energy metabolism exposed to blood serum from patients with continuous schizophrenia is the toxic action of peroxidation products. PMID- 7295944 TI - [Comparison between changes in the concentration of nerve tissue specific and nonspecific proteins in several brain structures of rats during elaboration of a conditioned bilateral defense reflex]. AB - Comparison of the time course of the content of brain-specific and brain nonspecific proteins in five different structures of the central nervous system immediately and one or seven days after the conditioned reflex development has shown that functions of these proteins seem to be different. They are triggered at different stages of the conditioned reflex development irrespective of the fact that both proteins are likely to be implicated in the processes of information consolidation and storage. PMID- 7295945 TI - [Lipid peroxidation and damage to the mixed function oxidase system in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in the presence of liver ischemia]. AB - The content of endogenous lipid peroxidation products and variations in mixed function oxygenases were examined in liver microsomes of rats exposed to thermal ischemia of varying duration (15, 30, 60 and 120 min). The development of ischemic injury was accompanied by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and Schiff's base, by the lowering of the content of cytochrome P-450 and diminution of the activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The maximum changes were demonstrated 2 hours after ischemia. The presence of a reverse correlation between the content of lipid peroxidation products and the content of cytochrome P-450 was recorded. PMID- 7295946 TI - [Immunosuppressant effect of cyclophosphamide activated in vitro by liver microsomes from different strains of mice]. AB - The paper is concerned with activation of cyclophosphamide by mouse liver microsomes in vitro. Liver microsomes from BALB/c mice metabolize cyclophosphamide more effectively as compared with those from DBA/2 mice, which manifested by a more intense output of products having alkylating or immunodepressant properties. This seems likely to be a consequence of the increased P-450 cytochrome content in liver microsomes from BALB/c mice, as well as of its structural characteristics in the mouse. The relationship between the immunodepressant effect of cyclophosphamide in vivo and in vitro in mice of varied genotypes is discussed. PMID- 7295947 TI - [Functional properties of hemoglobin during blood incubation in oxygen]. AB - The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen was studied during blood incubation in oxygen, air and argon. It was shown that the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increased during incubation of blood and hemoglobin in oxygen and air, and remained unchanged on incubation in argon. The concentration of 2,3 diphosphoglycerin acid and glucose in blood samples drastically fell in all the experiments. A possible affinity mechanism is discussed. It is concluded that the deference reaction of the blood system to hyperoxia is triggered at the level of the hemoglobin molecule. PMID- 7295948 TI - [Suppressant effect of oxyfedrine on development of anaphylaxis in experimental animals]. AB - Oxyfedrine (ildamen) which stimulates beta-adrenoreceptors of smooth muscles in concentrations increasing the tissue content of cAMP produced a dose-dependent inhibition of anaphylactic bronchospasm and contractions of the guinea-pig intestine induced by administration of ovalbumin. The results obtained provide evidence in favour of oxyfedrine use for suppression of immediate type allergic reactions with the involvement of smooth muscles. PMID- 7295949 TI - [Repair of DNA-protein cross-links induced by antineoplastic alkylating agents]. AB - The bifunctional and antitumor alkylating agents embichin and its aromatic derivatives sarcolysin and chlorfenacyl remarkably differ in DNA-protein cross links induction in Chinese hamster cell cultures in vitro. The differences involve the concentration necessary for cross-linkage, the time of cross-links emergence, and their reparation. Since all three compounds have the same alkylating group, it is obvious that the differences seen in the cross-linkage arise from the structure of aromatic groupings introduced into the molecule. PMID- 7295950 TI - [Response of lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues to the growth of syngeneic transplantable hemangiopericytomas in mice]. AB - The growth of syngeneic hemangiopericytoma in CBA X X C57BL/6j)F1 male mice was attended by the development of leukemoid reaction. The spleen showed an abrupt increase of the area taken by the red pulp with a remarkable activation of erythropoiesis in the pulp. The peripheral blood developed erythrocytosis 7 days after transplantation of pericytoma followed by anemia. PMID- 7295951 TI - [Absorption of radioactive iodine by cells of the follicular and interfollicular epithelia of the thyroid gland]. AB - Autoradiography was used in experiments on male rats to measure the accumulation of a single dose of 131I (1 microCi) injected intraperitoneally by cells of the thyroid parenchyma proper. A calculation was made of the number of tracks above the cytoplasm of thyrocytes, follicular buds, interfollicular thyrocytes and microfollicular thyrocytes 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h after the isotope injection. It was ascertained that cell components of the thyroid gland undergoing different stages of proliferation do not lose their genome specificity. In spite of the decrease in the function of these components, one can observe an intensification of this function as microfollicles are formed. PMID- 7295952 TI - [Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on proliferation of hepatocyte organelles of normal and pathologically altered rat livers]. AB - The effects of human chorionic gonadotropin on the proliferation of hepatocyte organelles in the normal and pathologically changed rat liver were studied and compared. Hepatitis was induced by 20-fold infusion of CCl4. The electron microscopy data obtained immediately, 12 and 48 hours after one or two injections of the hormone were assessed by morphometry with the use of regression analysis. It was disclosed that application of chorionic hormone entailed the augmentation of granular and agranular reticulum proliferation in hepatocytes. The sick and normal animals manifested differences in the time course and activity of the proliferation. PMID- 7295953 TI - [Effect of splenin and its fractions on the functional state of the adrenal cortex]. AB - Effect of splenin (1 ml) and its fractions (0.5 ml) on adrenocortical function was studied after a single intramuscular injection of the preparations into rats. Splenin and its fractions containing water-soluble substances reduced the content of ascorbic acid in the rat adrenals thereby indicating the increased synthesis of adrenocortical hormones. Adenosine-5-monophosphate is one of the basic biological substances contained by splenin and its water-soluble fractions. It produces a stimulant effect on the synthesis of adrenocortical hormones. PMID- 7295954 TI - [Pathomorphologic changes in the internal organs of intact and Mycobacterium leprae-infected 9-banded armadillos]. AB - The internal organs of nine-banded armadillos were examined histologically before and after inoculation of the animals with M. leprae. 3--4 months after the inoculation two animals developed tuberculoid structures in the lungs, liver and skin. A conclusion is made that experimental leprosy infection in nine-banded armadillos may run its course not only in the lepromatous but also in the tuberculoid form of the disease. PMID- 7295955 TI - [Use of cryogenic technic in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders]. AB - The repeated cryodestruction technique was used in disordered cardiac rhythm. A calculation of cryodestruction regimens for a specific operation was made. The cryogenic apparatus fitted with a core-thermoresistance monitor can be efficiently applied to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cardiac rhythm disturbances. PMID- 7295956 TI - [Planning research based on statistical comparison of means]. PMID- 7295957 TI - [3-Dimensional model of the contribution of the vascular and tubular components of the osmoregulatory apparatus of the kidney]. AB - The method of preparing consecutive series of the reconstruction models of vascular and tubular components of the countercurrent renal system being formed was used to examine their structural organization and spatial interrelations during the prenatal period of rabbit ontogenesis. It was established that the structural and functional unit of the renal osmoregulatory apparatus is represented by a cone-like bundle of tubular formations (the collecting tubule, ascending and descending portions of Henle's loops, vessels) where the central place is occupied by the collecting tubule around which three homogeneous looped tubules of Henle are arranged in a definite manner, the later tubules communicating with the collecting tubule. The presence of the three Henle's loops is accounted for by the fact that each generation of Wolf's duct diverticulum derivatives gives rise to three new populations at whose blind ampullar end there takes place the formation of nephrons. PMID- 7295958 TI - [Procedure for producing a monolayer primary culture af rat hepatocytes and evaluation of its functional activity]. AB - A simple method for isolating hepatocytes from the liver with the aid of trypsin and their cultivation is described. The functional activity of the primary monolayer culture of hepatocytes was evaluated from the rate of albumin synthesis and secretion. The basal rate of albumin synthesis was fairly high during the first 10 minutes but after 2 hours decreased and reached plateau. On the contrary, the basal rate of albumin secretion rose with time and after 2 hours attained the rate of albumin synthesis. Human growth hormone (500 ng/ml) stimulated albumin output within 3 hours of incubation with hormonal stimulation in the cells from hypophysectomized rats being more pronounced as compared to that seen in hepatocytes from intact animals. A conclusion is made that the hepatocyte culture prepared by the method described can produce a release albumin and retains sensitivity to the hormonal regulator. PMID- 7295959 TI - [Phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in burn toxicity]. AB - The functional activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was studied in 85 Wistar rats with burn intoxication induced by thermal injury or administration of burn toxoid. It was established that burn injury causes a stable and marked suppression of RES phagocytic activity. This was manifested by a rise in the percentage of Au radioactivity retention in the blood flow and by the decreased phagocytic index. Injections of burnt skin extracts and burn toxoid preparations, i. e. stimulation of burn intoxication depresses the phagocytic activity of hepatic macrophages similarly to the action of natural burn. A decrease in the phagocytic activity of hepatic macrophages under the effect of burn intoxication may serve as a sensitive indicator of the body nonspecific resistance in burn injury, whereas burn toxoid may be regarded as a initiator of changes in the early stage of burn disease. PMID- 7295960 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the activity of lysosomal proteinases in in transplantable cell cultures susceptible and resistant to a specific group of viruses]. AB - Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow Directed change of the genotype in cell cultures (Hela, fibroblasts, L929), which leads to the resistance to challenge with some of the viruses is accompanied by pronounced modulation of the activity of lysosomal proteinases, cathepsins A, B1, D and, in the first turn, by a considerable reduction (by 2--12 times) of cathepsin C activity. The data obtained indicate an important role of the proteolytic system of the cell lysosomal apparatus in providing defence reactions. PMID- 7295961 TI - [Effect of cold stress on the concentration and activity of rat liver microsomal cytochrome [P-450]. AB - The level of cytochromes P-450 and b5 in rat liver microsomes was studied at varying times after a short-term cold stress. The level of cytochromes was found to be reduced 24-72 hours after the exposure. Complete normalization of the level of cytochromes was recorded on the 9th day after the exposure. Variation of demethylase activity and the ratio of two different forms of cytochrome P-450 were also examined after the exposure to stress. A possible relationship between the decreased P450 level and intensification of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver is discussed. PMID- 7295962 TI - [Increase in the after-depolarization of a single node of Ranvier of isolated nerve fibers after application divalent (Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+) and trivalent (La2+) ions]. AB - It has been shown that a 5.5-fold increase in Ca2+ concentration in the external solution leads to the rise in negative after depolarization (NAD) of a single node of Ranvier of myelinated nerve fibres isolated from Rana ridibunda. The NAD amplitude and duration increase 1.3-fold and 1.6 fold, respectively. Introduction in the external solution of Ba2+ and Mn2+ (up to 10 mM) leads to a negligible increase in NAD. A more pronounced effect on action potential and NAD of the node of Ranvier is exerted by Zn2+ and Ni2+ (1.5 and 10 mM), entailing a 5-fold and 10 fold increase in NAD duration. Combined action of Ni2+ and tetraethylammonium brings about a depolarization plateau lasting 50-150 ms followed by the development of NAD lasting 14-30 ms. Introduction in the external solution of La3+ produces a 3--7-fold increase in NAD. Under all exposures cited the decrease in NAD in exponential in character, as is the case in normal Ringer's solution. The changes in NAD described are likely to be accounted for by the effect of the ions on the time constants of the processes of activation and inactivation. PMID- 7295963 TI - [Changes in erythrocyte membrane proteins during protracted increases in the blood cholinergic activity of animals]. AB - Experiments were made on 10 dogs to study the influence of high cholinergic activity of the blood on protein of dog erythrocyte membranes. The cholinergic activity of the blood was enhanced by acetylcholine injections in a dose of 1 mg/kg and proserin injections in a dose of 0.008 mg/kg twice daily over a period of 2 to 7 months. It was found that the enhanced cholinergic activity of the blood entailed an increase insolubilization of erythrocyte membrane proteins and an appreciable build up (more than twofold) in the number of sulfhydryl groups, as well as a lowering (about twofold) of the number of disulfide groups in peripheral proteins of erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 7295964 TI - [Effect of an extract from the roots of bryony (Bryonia alba) on lipid peroxidation in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes]. AB - The authors examined the action of Bryonia alba root extract on lipid peroxidation in microsomes and on fatty acid composition of individual lipid fractions in the liver of rats with alloxan diabetes. Administration of the extract was found to produce an appreciably normalizing effect on the biochemical indices of liver function. PMID- 7295965 TI - [Correlation between antidepressant membrane affinity and their effects on neuromediator reuptake]. PMID- 7295966 TI - [Naloxone-dependent morphine reduction of excitatory responses of mollusk neurons to dopamine]. AB - Morphine injection into the perfusate at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) M rapidly and reversibly inhibits depolarizing rather than hyperpolarizing responses of Helix pomatia neurons induced by dopamine (1 x 10-5). The depressant effect of morphine is completely reversed by naloxon (1 x 10(-5) M). The results suggest the involvement of an opiate receptor mechanism. The dose-response curves for dopamine before morphine application and in its presence indicate a noncompetitive mechanism of interaction between morphine and dopamine. PMID- 7295967 TI - [Changes in the expression of HLA-antigens on lymphocytes after certain types of treatment]. AB - The microlymphocytotoxic test was used for typing HLA-A and HLA-B antigens of peripheral blood lymphocytes in normal subjects. Cultivation of lymphocytes for 72 hours signifies that distinct reaction with the cells is produced by a greater number of HLA-antisera, with the specificity of direct and cross reactions being unchanged. Addition of mitogens to the cultural medium further increases the number of reacting antisera. The treatment of lymphocytes with cyclophosphan (an activated form) in doses not leading to the dealth of the cells but inhibiting cells proliferation completely eliminates the above effect. Stimulation of such cultures with mitogens did not entail the increased number of positive reactions. Possible mechanisms of the phenomenon under consideration are discussed. PMID- 7295968 TI - [Age and peripheral blood and phagocytosis indices in gnotobiotic and ordinary Wistar rats]. AB - Age-related features of the peripheral blood (red cell and leukocyte counts, hemoglobin level) and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages were studied in experiments on gnotobiotic and conventional Wistar male rats aged 2, 5, 9 and 35 months. With aging, the conventional Wistar rats showed a significantly lower phagocytic activity in the presence of a progressively increasing leukocyte count as compared with the gnotobiotic animals. The red cell count and hemoglobin level dropped in the conventional species with age, while the gnotobiotic ones manifested no appreciable changes in the indices reviewed. PMID- 7295969 TI - [Phasic analysis of the dynamics of the transport activity of functional blocks in the small intestines of rats]. AB - Model experiments were made to study and compare the time course of transport activity (mucoserous glucose transfer) in 6 enterocyte populations in the presence of successive incubations or during starvation over a period of 8--16 hours. It was found that only under the conditions of the 2nd experiment there were changes in the activity of all 6 population, with the changes being characterized by a typical phasic ratio. This fact is discussed as a specific feature of the time organization of the small intestine. PMID- 7295970 TI - [Relation between changes in platelet shape, calcium balance and the separating effect of cytochalasin B]. AB - Platelets were stimulated in vitro by different ADP concentration (10(-7)--10(-9) M). Scanning electron microscopy, light transmission recording and the Ca sensitive fluorescent probe, chlortetracycline, were used to study the time course of changes in the shape, aggregation and the amount of membrane-bound calcium during ADP activation. It was found that ADP (10(-7)--10(-8)M) causes reversible changes in the shape of platelets without disturbing their aggregation. The changes in question were accompanied by phasic alterations of the amount of membrane-bound calcium. PMID- 7295971 TI - [Morphofunctional characteristics of mouse liver mitochondria (morphologic and biochemical study)]. AB - A study was made of a correlation between the size of intact mitochondria and biochemical parameters of their activity. A suspension prepared from mitochondria isolated from the linear mouse liver at varying times after gamma-irradiation was on object of investigation. Electron microscopy was performed along with a polarographic examination of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. It was shown that the negative contrast examination of mitochondria followed by quantitative analysis of their appearances on the electron microscopic photographs enables making an accurate enough and objective judgement of mitochondrial functional activity. PMID- 7295972 TI - [Structure and properties of the collagen complex of tendons following disorganization of the connective tissue ground substance]. AB - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as physicochemical research methods were used to study the structure and characteristics of the tendon collagen complex during enzymatic distintegration of basal substance of connective tissue. Disintegration of basal substance was shown to be accompanied by substantial derangement of the microstructure of collagen fibers and to entail changes in the modulus of elasticity and residual deformation of the collagen complex with its ability to hydration in a aqueous medium to be increased. The physiochemical and rheological characteristics of the collagen complex were found to be affected to a considerable degree by structural changes occurring in collagen fibers. These changes consist in the formation of a retiform structure containing numerous macrospores. PMID- 7295973 TI - [Role of dorsal regions of the hippocampus and midbrain reticular formation in escape reaction development in rabbits]. AB - Experiments on unrestrained rabbits were carried out to study the role of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and midbrain reticular formation (MRF) in escape reaction elicited by electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). DH stimulation made ipsi- or contralaterally to the stimulated hypothalamic center of "affective reactions" increased while MRF stimulation reduced the latency of escape. Coagulation of the structures inhibited escape reaction in rabbits. The inhibition of the latter reaction in hippocampectomized animals was characterized by the increased general motor activities, whereas rabbits with lesions in the MRF were adynamic. That the DH and MRF play a different role in the mechanisms by which excitations spread from the VMH to the neocortical areas was revealed after computer analysis of the power of the main EEG rhythms. PMID- 7295974 TI - [Effect of ATP and adenosine on the spontaneous electrical and contractile activity of portal vein smooth muscle cells]. AB - It was shown in experiments on smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig, rat and rabbit portal vein that adenosine (AD) and ATP exert both excitatory and inhibitory effects. The former effect is manifested by depolarization of the cell membrane, an increase in the frequency of action potentials (AP) and phasic contractions, as well as by the appearance of tonic contractions. The latter effect is accompanied by the inhibition of spontaneous activity and relaxation of a smooth muscle strip. It is suggested that the effects of ATP and AD are mediated by specific inhibitory and excitatory chemoreceptors in the muscle cell membrane, the former receptors being related to potential-dependent ionic channels, while the latter ones to potential-independent chemosensitive ionic channels. Apamine, a powerful blocker of non-adrenergic inhibition in the gastrointestinal tract, produces no influence on ATP and AD effects induced in smooth muscle cells of the portal vein. PMID- 7295975 TI - [Effect of adrenaline and thymic factor on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy and thymectomized rats]. AB - It was discovered that adult rats develop hypercoagulation and inhibited fibrinolysis 2--4 months after thymectomy. Intramuscular injections of thymus low molecular factor to thymectomized rats for a week made the coagulative and fibrinolytic activity of blood return to normal. After adrenaline injection, the sham-operated rats developed hypercoagulation and stimulated fibrinolysis. In thymectomized rats, fibrinolysis was stimulated far less after adrenaline injection and did not reach the levels characteristic of the sham-operated rats. The thymectomized rats given thymus factor manifested an appreciable recovery of an adequate response on the part of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis to adrenaline injection. PMID- 7295976 TI - [Factors affecting the magnitude of elastic resistance of aortic compression chambers]. PMID- 7295977 TI - [Functional status of certain subcortical brain structures during adaptation and deadaptation to physical loading]. AB - Experiments on 35 rabbits were made to study the time course of the function of the dorsal hippocamp, reticular formation of the midbrain, ventromedial hypothalamus, caudate nucleus and anteromedial thalamus in the course of prolonged adaptation to exercise and during deadaptation. It was determined that the most considerable changes in excitability and brain blood circulation were recorded within the first 10 days of exercise. From the 20th day of the experiment, abnormalities in the function of the structures under study, except those in the hypothalamus, got stabilized, which is regarded as adaptive reaction. In the course of adaptation the periodicity of the function of the brain structures was defined. PMID- 7295978 TI - [Transmission of nociceptive information along the spino-cervico-thalamic component of the lemniscal system]. AB - Noxious heating (up to 44-60 degrees) of the skin of the foot facilitated the primary cortical responses (PRs) evoked by threshold stimulation of spinocervical tract (SCT) neurones receiving information from the heated skin area. The facilitation reached its maximal level 3-4 minutes after the beginning of the heating when the amplitude of PRs increased 2-4 times. The facilitation is completely due to an increase in excitability of SCT neurones, since PRs to stimulation of the exons of these neurones in the dorsolateral funiculus did not change. In view of the fact that PRs, at least their early components, are evoked by impulses reaching the cerebral cortex through the lemniscal system, the findings suggest that the lemniscal system transmits not only tactile, as for many years has been generally accepted, but also nociceptive information. When it is considered that the lemniscal system, contrary to the extralemniscal pathways, shows a high degree of topographic organizations, the above suggestion should be viewed as having a paramount importance for understanding the animal's ability for an exact localization of the site of pain stimulation. PMID- 7295980 TI - [Relation between myocardial contractility and systemic hemodynamics in the early stages of severe blood flow disorders in a major coronary artery]. AB - In the course of the initial observation period, a 70 and 90% controlled restriction of the coronary blood flow was not the solely mechanism by which there occurred changes in myocardial contractility. The circulatory alterations consequent on the ischemic focus formation influenced by the feedback mechanism the development of different varieties of hemodynamic supply through the changes in preload and afterload. PMID- 7295979 TI - [Sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of early postischemic disorders]. AB - Experiments were made in dogs weighing 15-25 kg with experimental tourniquet shock (35 dogs) and experimental myocardial infarction (29 dogs). Intravenous injection of sodium thiosulfate (500 mg/kg) exerted a marked therapeutic effect on cardio- and central hemodynamics under acute circulatory disturbances both in tourniquet shock and myocardial infarction. Sodium thiosulfate increased cardiac discharge, minute blood flow volume, the first derivative, the threshold of ventricular fibrillation, improved the heart work, decreased and normalized the general peripheral resistance. This effect is likely to be related to the stimulation of intracellular metabolism and antidote action of sodium thiosulfate against ischemic toxin. PMID- 7295981 TI - [Prevention of hypoxic heart damage by means of an antioxidant of the hydroxypyridine class]. AB - A study was made of the effect of preadministering a water-soluble antioxidant (HP-6) belonging to th hydroxypyridine series on the development of hypoxic contracture and stressor heart injury. It was found that under hypoxia, the control animals and those exposed to emotional and pain stress develop characteristic heart contracture manifested by a rise in the diastolic pressure up to 40-47 mm Hg, as well as an abrupt increase in creatine phosphokinase egress from injured myocardial cells into perfusate. Administration of HP-6 to the animals for 3 days before stress and heart removal prevented to an appreciable degree the heart contracture and creatine phosphokinase egress. Also it made the recovery of contractility more rapid and complete during reoxygenation. It should be noted that in the animals which received HP-6 before stress, the contractility got recovered to a far greater extent than that in the controls. The evidence obtained suggests an important role played by activation of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of hypoxic contracture and reoxygenation-induced heart injury. PMID- 7295982 TI - [Mechanisms of free radical liquid peroxidation activation during regional ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the heart]. AB - Experiments on 115 noninbred male rats demonstrated that activation of lipid free radical peroxidation during transitory coronary insufficiency was observed both in myocardial ischemia and subsequent reperfusion of the heart. The increase in lipid chemiluminescence during the recovery of the coronary blood flow was more pronounced after long-term myocardial ischemia. It was shown that activation of lipid peroxidation during reperfusion was accompanied by the increment of the myocardial content of the peroxidants--adrenaline, oxygen and calcium ions. It is suggested that activation of lipid free-radical peroxidation may be one of the principal factors responsible for the increased myocardial alteration during reversible ischemia, as well as during temporary failure of the coronary blood flow seen in the coronary heart disease of man. PMID- 7295983 TI - [Regulation of the fluid state of the blood in thymectomized rats following intravenous thrombin administration]. AB - Experiments on rats have shown that after 3-4 months thymectomy leads to hypercoagulation followed by the increased level of fibrinogen. As compared with intact rats, the thymectomized animals manifested a less pronounced increase in the concentration of the anticoagulants, and less stimulation of fibrinolysis in response to intravenous injection of thrombin. This is regarded as one of the reasons for a more frequent death of the operated animals. PMID- 7295984 TI - [Status of the coagulant and anticoagulant systems of the blood in experimental acute intestinal dehydration of the body]. AB - Acute intestinal dehydration induced in rabbits by administration into the stomach of 50 ml of castor oil produced hypercoagulation in all stages of dehydration. Hypercoagulation increased as the degree of body dehydration rose. In the first and second stages of dehydration (body mass loss from 1 to 5 and from 6 to 10%, respectively), the development of hypercoagulation was accompanied by the activation of anticoagulative system function: the increase in the total and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity and reduction in the activity of antiplasmins. At a stronger degree of dehydration (body mass loss from 11 to 15%) the increase of the enzymatic fibrinolytic activity was negligible, while the activation of non-enzymatic fibrinolysis was absent. PMID- 7295985 TI - [Fronto-hippocampal activity during the organization of feeding behavior in rats with bilateral destruction of the lateral hypothalamus]. AB - The recovered feeding behavior and effects of electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus (HIP) and frontal cortex (FC) on different stages of feeding behavior were studied in rabbits after bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Severe damages to food motivation were recorded, which were primarily manifested by the absence of active search for food by hungry animals. Electrical stimulation of HIP and FC inhibited feeding behavior. This was shown by the increased latent period of feeding behavior and by the arrest of the already developed food reaction. The preservation of fronto-hippocampal inhibition after intravenous injection of droperidol (0.3 mg/kg) and atropine (1 mg/kg) seen in experimental animals (comparatively to intact ones) indicates that in rabbits with bilateral LH lesions the feeding behavior is realized by the new integration of cholinergic and dopaminergic brain structures. PMID- 7295986 TI - [Extrusion of ionized calcium as a marker of the platelet release response]. AB - The kinetics of and equation for ionized calcium release from human platelet suspension under the action of thrombin are described. A possibility is shown of utilization of ion-selective electrodes in exploring platelet release reaction with a purpose of elucidation of the reaction mechanism and platelet behavior with a variety of abnormal conditions and drugs. PMID- 7295987 TI - [Age and changes in the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity of liver cytosol and mitochondria]. PMID- 7295988 TI - [Effect of adrenochrome on electrical characteristics of Helix pomatia mollusk neurons]. AB - Helix pomatia neurons were used as test-objects in the study of adrenochrome effect on nerve tissue by the microelectrode technique and voltage clamp. The action of adrenochrome consists in slow de- and hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane and in the appearance of periodic short-term shifts in the membrane potential. The lowering of the action potential amplitude is as consequence of the decreased maximal conduction of inward current ionic channels. PMID- 7295989 TI - [Chromosome aberrations and molecular weight of single-stranded DNA fragments in embryonal fibroblasts of mouse strains 101/H and CBA]. AB - Fibroblasts from 101/H mouse fetuses manifest a higher rate of spontaneous chromosome aberrations as compared to fibroblasts from CBA fetuses. The molecular weight of single-strand DNA fragments from 101/H mice was found to be lower than that in CBA mice. No differences were disclosed in the strength of the DNA protein bond in the cell chromatin of both mouse strains. It is assumed that the alkaline-labile-sites in DNA may be the cause of chromosome aberrations. The possibility of using 101/H mice as a model of human chromosomal instability syndromes is discussed. PMID- 7295990 TI - [Changes in the proliferative activity of L cells in response to immune sera]. AB - The influence of heterologous anti-L-serum and IgG isolated from it on the proliferative activity of L cells was studied with the use of the 3H-thymidine incorporation technique. High concentrations of the antiserum were shown to suppress, while low concentrations to stimulate the proliferative response of L cells. Both high and low concentrations of IgG were found to stimulate L cells. This indicates that stimulation of the growth of L cells is caused by antibody fraction. The presence of a greater number of antibodies, as well as of some serum components, is required for the development of the inhibitory effect. The line of the effect may be changed by supplementary actions. The proliferative activity of the whole population of L cells and descending cells was evaluated from the total 3H-thymidine incorporation. PMID- 7295991 TI - [Detection of the cytotoxic effect of tumor cells against the targets of normal killers]. AB - The cells of 2 mouse leukemias (L-1212 and EL-4), the cells of mouse sarcoma (MX 11) and blood lymphocytes from 5 subjects with chronic leukemia were shown to damage the membrane of K-562 and EL-4 cells maintained in vitro. The membrane damage manifested in the rise of the permeability by the pancreatic ribonuclease molecules (m. m. 12,000 d). Experiments with tumor cell suspension fractionation have shown that such permeability cannot be attributed to the admixture of lymphocytes and macrophages to the tumor effector cells. Experiments with cold inhibition have revealed that the damage of the target cell membrane can be produced only by the contact of the tumor cell with the target. It is not related to the deterioration of target metabolism in the presence of a considerable number of tumor cells, or to the accumulation of any toxic products in the culture medium. PMID- 7295993 TI - [Electron cytochemical study of the cerebral adenylate cyclase of rats]. AB - Electron cytochemistry was used to study the distribution of adenylate cyclase in the rat brain cortex and nucleus caudatus. In neurons and glial cells, the enzyme was localized on the outside surface of plasma membrane, within the perinuclear space, in the cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In capillaries, it was detected on the luminal surface of endothelial cells and along the basal layer. The addition of NaF and isoproterenol to the incubation medium led to the increased adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 7295992 TI - [DNA replication in cultured amniotic fluid cells]. AB - A correlation was studied between replication and characteristics of the synthesis of DNA cells in amniotic fluid under in-vitro cultivation. Radioautography of DNA molecules was used to show that in the primary cultures of epithelium- and fibroblast-like cells of amniotic fluid, DNA replication proceeds at a lower rate as compared to that in diploid cells of the fetus skin. The DNA replication rate in the passaged cells of amniotic fluid does not differ from that seen in controls. The cultivated fibroblasts obtained from amniotic fluid of the fetus with anencephalia manifested a significant increase in the DNA replication rate. The size and number of the replication units do not differ as shown by the examination of all cell types. The data obtained suggest a correlation between the diminution of the DNA molecule replication rate and the decreased growth tendency under in-vitro cultivation of human amniotic fluid cells. The reasons are discussed which are likely to provoke the decreased rate of the replication fork movement in the primary cell cultures of human amniotic fluid. PMID- 7295994 TI - [Morphometric study of the Purkinje cells of the canine cerebellar cortex]. AB - A differential morphometric analysis of the Purkinje cell (PC) population in 3 functional zones of the cerebellum was performed in 7 intact mongrel dogs of both sexes. The number of normal (light, dark, intermediate) and morphologically changed neurons was counted per 1 mm of the PC layer. It was shown that the medial, intermedial and lateral zones of the cerebellum did not differ in the number of dark and intermediate PC. The number of light PC in the medial zone was significantly less than in the intermedial and lateral ones. Consequently the difference also arose in the total PC number. It was discovered that PC distribution was not uniform either in the superior or inferior parts of cerebellum gyri. The morphological differences in the composition of the PC population of the medial, intermedial and lateral zones of the cerebellum are likely to reflect the functional inconsistency of these zones. PMID- 7295995 TI - [Development of liver cirrhosis in rats following stimulation of hepatic macrophages]. AB - Liver cirrhosis was induced in male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g by subcutaneous injection of 0.25 ml of a 10% CCl4 solution per 100 g bw. Kupffer cells were stimulated with prodigiozan which was introduced at a 10-day interval in the course of fibrosis development. Under stimulation the injury to the parenchyma decreased; the total number of Kupffer macrophages and the degree of mononuclear infiltration of liver tissue increased, while fibroplasia diminished. The content of hydroxyproline in liver homogenates of prodigiozan-stimulated rats was half as much as compared with controls. PMID- 7295996 TI - [Genesis of the Golgi complex]. AB - In the early period of rat and chicken liver embryogenesis, the Golgi apparatus is formed through the budding of the vesicles from the outer part of the nuclear hepatocyte membrane. In the later period of embryogenesis and after birth, the Golgi apparatus is supplemented with the vesicles that bud from smooth enlarged parts of granular endoplasmic reticulum cisterns. The dimensions of the Golgi apparatus depend on the intensity of hepatocyte functioning. PMID- 7295997 TI - [Morphology of experimental pneumoconiosis developing after exposure to lunar soil]. AB - Intratracheal administration to rats of a thin fraction of lunar material delivered by the Luna-16 automatic station from the Sea of Abundance gives rise to pneumoconiosis. The disease is characterized by the formation of granulation tissue consisting of lymphoid cells, macrophages, fibroblasts and cell cooperations (rosettes), by thickening of the basal layer of the aerohematic barrier, by the development of the immune process, blockade of the terminal parts of the lymphatic network, and by the development of the fibrous process. As regards the intensity of fibrous tissue formation, the lunar material might be attributed to the group of weak-fibrogenous dust as compared, for instance, with quartz. PMID- 7295998 TI - Tobacco, cocoa, coffee, and ragweed: cross-reacting allergens that activate factor-XII-dependent pathways. AB - A glycoprotein antigen has been isolated from cured tobacco leaves (TGP-L) Nicotiana tabacum) and from cigarette smoke condensate (TGP-CSC) to which approximately one-third of human volunteers, smokers and non-smokers, exhibit immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity. TGP-L and TGP-CSC contain polyphenol haptens that activate the factor XII (Hageman factor) dependent pathways of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kinin generation in normal human plasma. The purpose of this communication is to describe the isolation antigens from cocoa powder (Theobroma cacao), ground coffee (Coffea arabica), and ragweed (Ambrosia eliator) pollen that are immunologically cross-reactive with TGP-L and TGP-CSC, contain similar polyphenol haptens, and are capable of activating factor-XII dependent pathways in normal human plasma. PMID- 7295999 TI - The effects of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on platelet composition and function in man: a prospective, controlled study. AB - The rarity of atherosclerotic vascular disease and a mild bruising tendency in Greenland Eskimos has been linked to their ingestion of omega 3 fatty acids contained in foods obtained from the sea. Previous studies have shown that feeding salmon oil to normal volunteers resulted in reductions of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. We wished to learn whether salmon oil feeding would result in the incorporation of omega 3 fatty acids into platelets and whether platelet function or platelet-vessel interaction would be altered. Diets containing salmon oils led to the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega 3) into platelets (6.1%) with a reduction in arachidonic acid (C20:4 omega 6). The ratio of C20:5/C20:4 increased from 0.0045 on the control diet to 0.3 on the salmon diet. Bleeding times were prolonged (from 6.75 to 10 min, p less than 0.005), platelet retention on glass beads was mildly reduced (from 89% to 78%, p less than 0.0005), and platelet aggregation in response to dilute concentrations of ADP was inhibited in the subjects ingesting the salmon oil. We conclude that in normal subjects dietary omega 2 fatty acids derived from salmon oil are incorporated into platelet phospholipids and that these changes are accompanied by alterations in bleeding time and platelet function. PMID- 7296000 TI - Heterogeneity in human prothrombin: analysis of cause. AB - Two fractions of human prothrombin can be isolated from single donor plasma by the technique of heparin-agarose chromatography in (sodium) citrate buffer, pH 7.5, as previously reported for pooled plasma. The two fractions, designated H II1 and H-II2, are found in a ratio of approximately 4:1. Both forms comigrate in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis; however, under nondenaturing electrophoretic conditions, each fraction migrates as a discrete entity with a different mobility. The larger fraction (H-II1) has a faster mobility towards the anode. Isoelectric focusing in urea of H-II1 reveals that it has two components, a minor component with a pl of 5.25 (H-II1a) and a major component with a pl of 5.40 (H-II1b). H-II2 has a pl of 5.6 H-II1 and H-II2 possess the same amino terminal residue (alanine, 0.87-0.92 mole/mole) and the same number of gamma carboxyglutamic acid residues (9.8-10.5). Their amino acid composition is indistinguishable. However, the two fractions of prothrombin differ in their content of neutral sugar and of sialic acid residues. Removal of sialic acid with neuraminidase abolishes the electrophoretic heterogeneity. Thus, the charge heterogneity of the three variants of prothrombin found in normal human plasma appears to result exclusively from differences in the number of sialic acid residues attached to the protein moiety of the molecule. PMID- 7296001 TI - Failure of desmopressin to lower serum sodium or prevent crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - An analogue of arginine vasopressin (desmopressin, DDAVP) was evaluated for production chronic hyponatremia and prevention of sickle cell crisis. With sodium restriction (100 meq Na + / day) and water loading ( greater than 3 liters/day), persistent hyponatremia could not be achieved, nor could crises be prevented or aborted. Patients would not comply with a regimen of lower salt and higher fluid intake. More rigorous treatment might be practical during acute sickle cell crises, and a regimen similar to that used here might be more effective in children, whose renal concentrating mechanisms are still intact. PMID- 7296003 TI - Prognostic relevance of thymidine kinase isozymes in adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - To determine whether kinase (TK) isozyme status adds clinically useful information in adult non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), we have analyzed peripheral blood plasma and lymphocytes of 44 patients with NHL for either TK1 or TK2 isozyme activity. On the basis of isozyme status, patients could be divided into two groups that did not differ significantly with respect to known determinants for survival. The median survival of patients exhibiting peripheral blood TK1 thymidine kinase activity was 40 wk and that of individuals with TK2 activity was in excess of 200 wk. These data suggest that peripheral blood TK1 isozyme is a useful independent biochemical marker for a subgroup of NHL who respond poorly to current therapy and thus require new therapeutic approaches. PMID- 7296002 TI - Evidence that essential thrombocythemia is a clonal disorder with origin in a multipotent stem cell. AB - Essential thrombocythemia is characterized by proliferation of hematopoietic tissue predominantly involving megakaryocytes and resulting in marked thrombocytosis. The disorder has some clinical and laboratory features that resemble those seen in the clonal multipotent stem cell disorders chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera, and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. It has been argued that essential thrombocythemia should be classified together with those disorders as a myeloproliferative syndrome. However, without knowledge of the numbers and types of cells that are involved in essential thrombocythemia, this suggestion remains speculative. Three patients with thrombocytosis were studied. The diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia was considered to be firm in two patients and probable in the third one. The X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase locus was used as a cell marker. Whereas both A and B types of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were found in nonhematopoietic tissues, only a single-enzyme type was found in the granulocytes, red cells, and platelets from each patient. These data indicate that the disorders in these three patients are clonal and involve multipotent stem cells. PMID- 7296004 TI - Modulation of erythrocyte-endothelial interactions and the vasocclusive severity of sickling disorders. AB - The abnormal adherence of sickle erythrocytes to cultured human vascular endothelium varies among patients and correlates with vasocclusive severity within and among the different sickling disorders. For individual patients, the development of an acute vasocclusive event is not accompanied by an increase in the inherent propensity for their erythrocytes to adhere to endothelium. However, the onset of vasocclusion appears to be associated with the appearance of plasma factors, such as fibrinogen, which enhance the adherence of sickle erythrocytes to endothelium. In addition, sickle erythrocytes adhere even more avidly to injured endothelium and under hyperosmolar conditions. Thus, the overall clinical severity of the sickling disorders appears to correlate with the inherent propensity for sickle erythrocytes to adhere to endothelium, and changes in the red cells' environment may help precipitate crises by the sudden facilitation of erythrocyte/endothelial interactions. PMID- 7296005 TI - The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in sickle cell disease. AB - We determined the prevalence and optimal methods for laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in patients with sickle cell disease. Laboratory investigations of 38 nontransfused and 32 transfused patients included transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP). Response to iron supplementation confirmed the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in 16% of the nontransfused patients. None of the transfused patients were iron deficient. All iron-deficient patients (mean age 2.4 yr) had a low MCV, serum ferritin less than 25 ng/ml, transferrin saturation less than 15%, and FEP less than 90 micrograms/dl RBC. Following therapy, all parameters improved and the hemoglobin concentration increased greater than 2 g/dl. A serum ferritin below 25 ng/ml was the most reliable screening test for iron deficiency. There were 13% false positive results with transferrin saturation, 3% with MCV, and 62% with FEP. FEP values correlated strongly with reticulocyte counts. The high FEP was in part due to protoporphyrin IX and not completely due to zinc protoporphyrin, which is elevated in iron deficiency. We conclude that iron deficiency anemia is a potential problem in young nontransfused sickle cell patients. Serum ferritin below 25 ng/ml and low MCV are the most useful screening tests. PMID- 7296006 TI - Globin synthesis in erythroid bursts that mature sequentially in culture. I. Studies in cultures of adult peripheral blood BFU-Es. AB - To study whether the culture time at which the burst populations mature influences the expression of fetal hemoglobin in bursts, we measured hemoglobin synthesis in cohorts of fully hemoglobinized erythroid bursts maturing sequentially in cultures of adult peripheral blood BFU-Es. In 13 of 15 experiments, a decline in gamma/gamma + beta ratio was noted as the culture time advanced. On the average, erythroid bursts that mature during the third culture week showed lower levels of fetal Hb synthesis compared to bursts that are already mature in the second culture week. The decline of gamma/gamma + beta ratio with culture time was also noted in erythroid bursts composed of immature erythroblasts. The enhanced HbF formation in peripheral blood BFU-E cultures is thus most pronounced among the bursts that become hemoglobinized early, and there is a tendency for normalization of HbF synthesis in bursts that mature in late culture days. These results can be interpreted by several alternatives, including the possibility that the expression of high HbF levels in the early days of adult BFU-E cultures is a reflection of premature commitment to terminal differentiation of progenitors that possess an active HbF program. The present data indicate that the variation of HbF synthesis with culture time should be taken into consideration when the influence of various culture conditions of HbF synthesis is studied in BFU-E cultures. PMID- 7296008 TI - Leukemic cells (II): heterogeneity of phenotypes. PMID- 7296007 TI - Lysozyme enhances monocyte-mediated tumoricidal activity: a potential amplifying mechanism of tumor killing. AB - The mononuclear phagocyte is well established as an in vitro cytotoxic effector cell for certain human tumors. The mechanism(s) for this action remains unclear. Increased levels of lysozyme, a cationic enzyme synthesized in large amounts by mononuclear phagocytes, are associated with increased resistance to transplantable animal tumors. In this study, we provide evidence that human lysozyme, isolated from the urine of leukemic patients, has marked potentiating effects on human monocyte-tumor-cell cytocidal activity. In addition, lysozyme exposed monocytes incorporate increased quantities of leucine, suggesting that monocytes are capable of amplifying their own metabolic activation by secreting an endogenous constituent. Tri-N-acetyl-glucosamine, a competitive inhibitor for the active site of lysozyme, inhibits cytocidal activity. Conversely, protamine, an extraneous albeit similarly positively charged molecule, increases monocyte mediated tumor cytotoxicity; this protamine effect is negated by heparin. We conclude that lysozyme, at least partially by its positive charge, is capable of enhancing in vitro monocyte tumor cell cytotoxicity; its in vivo secretion may potentiate monocyte-tumor-cell interaction. PMID- 7296009 TI - Complex carbohydrates as differentiation markers in malignant blood cells: glycolipids in the human leukemias. AB - This article summarizes the data on chemical sequencing of human leukocyte cell surface glycolipids that we have obtained over the last 3 years. The purpose of the work was to determine if these cell surface glycoconjugates differ among different leukocyte populations and at different stages of development. In homogeneous form we purified large numbers of leukocytes from normal persons and persons with acute and chronic leukemias of myeloid and lymphoid types, using continuous flow centrifugation leukapheresis. We extracted the glycolipids from these cells and used thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, direct probe mass spectrometry, and enzyme treatment to obtain complete structural information on these compounds. Twenty glycolipids were identified and sequenced, representing over 99% of the glycolipids of human leukocytes. The major findings are that human leukocytes possess glycolipid patterns that distinguish them from other blood cells. Additionally, leukocytes of "myeloid' and "lymphoid' types can be distinguished by their glycolipid type. Glycolipids in human leukemic cells show two main features: (1) even though the cells appear morphologically "undifferentiated', all leukemias can be classified on the basis of their glycolipids as "myeloid' or "lymphoid'; (2) the complexity of their cell surface glycolipids is correlated with their degree of morphologic "differentiation', the more differentiated leukemias having more complex structures. No glycolipids were found in leukemic leukocytes that were not found in the normal cells. Glycolipids would therefore appear to be useful as both cell- and possibly differentiation-specific markers in human blood cells. The antigenic differences seen in human leukemic cells may be due in part to an altered distribution of complex carbohydrates at the cell surface. PMID- 7296010 TI - A regulatory mechanism for the number of pluripotential haemopoietic progenitor cells in mice. AB - Large changes in the pattern of regeneration of haemopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-S) are reported as a result of simply altering the time interval between administration of certain cytotoxic agents and whole-body irradiation. These results suggest a negative feedback control for the number of CFU-S, which has an appreciable time delay. A high inverse correlation between the number of maturing granulocytic cells (with ring-shaped nuclei) at the time of irradiation and the subsequent regeneration of CFU-S is consistent with these cells producing some substance that controls the number but not the proliferation rate of the CFU-S. The possibility is considered that this mechanism is an important control in the biological regulation of haemopoiesis. PMID- 7296011 TI - Effects of reserpinization, surgical denervation and in vitro chemical denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine on the contractile response of isolated rabbit ear artery to propranolol. AB - The contractile effect of propranolol in isolated rabbit ear artery was assessed in reserpinized and in surgically and chemically denervated blood vessels. Reserpinization and surgical denervation either had no effect on or enhanced the ear artery contractile response to 10(-6) to 10(-4) M propranolol. In contrast, the contractile response to propranolol was nearly abolished after denervation of the ear artery in vitro with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Dose-response curves to norepinephrine were shifted to the left by factors of 4.9 in 6-OHDA denervated ear arteries and 15.6 in untreated arteries in the presence of 10(-7) M desipramine. The diluent for 6-OHDA shifted both the norepinephrine and propranolol dose-response curves to the right. It is proposed that propranolol caused a contractile response in ear artery by an action on the postsynaptic tissues of this vessel. 6-OHDA denervation caused nonspecific desensitization in rabbit ear artery leading to the loss of response of this vessel to propranolol. PMID- 7296012 TI - Intramedial renal arterial nerves. PMID- 7296013 TI - Determination of transferrin-like immunoreactivity in the mucosal homogenate of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of normal and iron deficient rats. AB - 1. In intestinal mucosal tissue a transferrin-like immunoreactivity (TLIR) was determined after loading with 59Fe-(FeCl3) in vivo. The scraped-off mucosal tissue was homogenized and centrifuged at 100 000 X g. The supernatant was fractionated chromatographically. The TLIR was determined by the Mancini-test. 2. Extrapolated to infinite dilutions of the homogenate the following contents of the TLIR were calculated per cm of the intestinal segment: 28, 20, and 13, microgram/cm in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of iron-deficient animals and 15, 14, and 12 microgram/cm in the corresponding intestinal segments of normal rats, respectively. 3. The content of TLIR was compared with the iron uptake of the mucosal tissue from the intestinal lumen during absorption. An "iron turnover number" of 1.6 +/- 0.2 iron atoms per min during the absorption in duodenal and jejunal segments and of 0.5 +/- 0.1 in ileal segments of either iron-deficient and normal animals was calculated for the mucosal transferrin represented by the TLIR. PMID- 7296014 TI - Demonstration of a double hereditary pattern for congenital afibrinogenemia. AB - Six patients with congenital afibrinogenemia belonging to four kindreds were studied with regard to hereditary pattern. In two families the hereditary pattern appeared to be autosomal recessive; in the two other pedigrees, on the contrary, the pattern seems autosomal intermediate. In the first type, all family members, excluding the patients, showed normal fibrinogen levels; in the second type, family members could be divided into two groups: normal and heterozygotes. The heterozygotes had fibrinogen levels of 192 +/- 30 mg/dl, definitely lower than that of a normal control population. The average level of the normal relatives was 361 +/- 81.9 mg/dl, practically identical to that of a normal control group unrelated to the homozygotes. In the past these differences were thought to be secondary to variances in fibrinogen assays from one laboratory to the other. It now appears that they are real ones since they can be observed in the same laboratory using the same fibrinogen technique. It must be concluded that congenital afibrinogenemia shows two patterns of hereditary transmission, one autosomal recessive and the other autosomal intermediate. PMID- 7296016 TI - Studies of parasitic helminths of sheep and goats in Ghana. PMID- 7296015 TI - [Cryopreservation of lymphocytes using polyethylene glycols of high polymerization grade (author's transl)]. AB - Human peripheral lymphocytes and mouse spleen cells were frozen under controlled rates in the presence of polyethylene glycols (PEG) of high polymerization grade, stored in liquid nitrogen and tested, following thawing and mitogen-stimulation, for their capacity to incorporate 3H-thymidine and to form colonies in soft agar. We found that human lymphocytes, frozen with 10% PEG 20,000 and PHA-stimulated afterwards, showed an 8 fold higher incorporation rate versus 7.5% dimethylsulfoxide, whilst colony growth was unaffected. The potentiating effect by PEG was also seen with mouse spleen cells. PHA-prestimulated human lymphocytes also revealed an increased incorporation rate. Due to their lower toxicity the PEG offer, as cryoprotecting agents, a useful alternative to dimethylsulfoxide. PMID- 7296017 TI - The normal skin bacterial flora of some cattle breeds in Nigeria. PMID- 7296018 TI - Seasonal variations in copper levels in Yankassa sheep in Zaria. PMID- 7296019 TI - Malignant catarrhal fever virus shedding by infected cattle. PMID- 7296020 TI - Primary and secondary humoral immune responses in cattle experimentally infected with Dermatophilus congolensis. PMID- 7296021 TI - Endoparasites in domestic and wild animals of the Central African Republic (CAR). PMID- 7296022 TI - The susceptibility of young sheep and goats to an experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection. PMID- 7296023 TI - A tsetse survey of Luuka and Kigulu counties of South Busoga District, Uganda, during an outbreak of African sleeping sickness. PMID- 7296024 TI - Ringworm caused by Trichophyton verrucosum in young goats: a case report. PMID- 7296025 TI - Pathological studies on sheep and goats pneumonia in the Sudan. Part II. Experimental infection. PMID- 7296026 TI - The eradication of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Nigeria: prospects and problems. PMID- 7296027 TI - Methyl parathion removal from denim fabrics by selected laundry procedures. PMID- 7296028 TI - Transformation of nitrosamines in soil and in vitro by soil microorganisms. PMID- 7296030 TI - Interaction between acetone and two pesticides towards several unicellular green algae. PMID- 7296029 TI - Erythrocyte survival in sheep exposed to ozone. PMID- 7296031 TI - Determination of fly ash in lung tissue. PMID- 7296032 TI - Protracted benzene exposure causes a proliferation of myeloblasts and/or promyelocytes in CD-1 mice. PMID- 7296033 TI - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human fat and liver. PMID- 7296034 TI - Effect of the amino acid histidine on the uptake of cadmium from the digestive system of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. PMID- 7296035 TI - Effects of intraperitoneal lead and cadmium on the humoral immune response of Salmo trutta. PMID- 7296036 TI - Acute toxic responses of the freshwater planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala, to methylmercury. PMID- 7296037 TI - Urinary enzymes as indicators of kidney damage by methylmercury exposure. PMID- 7296038 TI - Acute and chronic effects of alum to midge larva (Diptera: chironomidae). PMID- 7296039 TI - Presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in latex nipples. PMID- 7296040 TI - Porphyrin accumulation in sheep bones associated with 1, 2, 4-trichlorobenzene. PMID- 7296041 TI - Accumulation and retention of mirex by brook trout fed a contaminated diet. PMID- 7296042 TI - Effect of toxaphene, camphene, and cedar oil on methyl parathion residues on cotton. PMID- 7296043 TI - Potential exposure to dislodgable residues after application of two formulations of methyl parathion to apple trees. PMID- 7296044 TI - Detection of chloroform in the tissues of freshly eviscerated poultry carcasses exposed to water containing added chlorine or chlorine dioxide. PMID- 7296045 TI - Volatile liquid hydrocarbons around a production platform in the Northwest Gulf of Mexico. PMID- 7296046 TI - Ingestion of ethanol increases the hematotoxicity of inhaled benzene in C57BL mice. PMID- 7296047 TI - An assessment of the teratogenicity in the rat and mutagenicity in Salmonella of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate. PMID- 7296048 TI - Effect of water hardness on the toxicity of cadmium to the egg of the teleost Oryzias latipes. PMID- 7296049 TI - Variations of some elements in cadmium-induced, malformed fish. PMID- 7296050 TI - Mercury in the muscle tissue of fish from three northern Maine lakes. PMID- 7296051 TI - Total mercury levels in canned and frozen fish imported into Lebanon. PMID- 7296052 TI - Evaluation of the expression of urinary selenium level as ng Se/mg creatinine and the use of single-void urine as a sample for urinary selenium determination. PMID- 7296053 TI - Toxicity of pentachlorophenol to Azotobacter vinelandii. PMID- 7296054 TI - Chlorobenzilate residues in citrus-worker urine. PMID- 7296055 TI - Relative toxicity of the technical grade material, isomers, and formulations of endosulfan to the fish Channa punctata. PMID- 7296056 TI - Intake and excretion of diazinon in freshwater fishes. PMID- 7296057 TI - Vapour phase photochemistry of fenitrothion and aminocarb. PMID- 7296058 TI - Effects of fenvalerate on field- and laboratory-developed estuarine benthic communities. PMID- 7296059 TI - Detection of bromacil herbicide in Ponderosa pine. PMID- 7296061 TI - A simplified method for sampling atmospheric ammonia from inhalation chambers during exposure studies. PMID- 7296060 TI - Comparative toxicity of rhodamine B and rhodamine 6G to the house fly (Musca domestica l.). PMID- 7296062 TI - An improved agar plate method for rapid assessment of chemical inhibition to microbial populations. PMID- 7296063 TI - Determination of hexachlorocyclopentadiene at the nanogram per liter level in drinking water. PMID- 7296064 TI - Acute and chronic toxicities of boric acid to Daphnia magna Straus. PMID- 7296065 TI - Influence of a co-solvent (acetone) and ultrasonication on the acute toxicity of a quaternary amine (Aliquat 336) and an organophosphorus compound (HDEHP) to Daphnia magna. PMID- 7296066 TI - Static acute toxicity of sodium bromide to fathead minnows. PMID- 7296067 TI - Some effects of polyphenols on aquatic plants: I. Toxicity of phenols in aquatic plants. PMID- 7296069 TI - Effect of cadmium body burdens in adult Crassostrea virginica on fecundity and viability of larvae. PMID- 7296068 TI - Acute toxicity of an in situ shale oil process wastewater and its major components to Daphnia magna. PMID- 7296070 TI - Lead in the bone and soft tissues of box turtles caught near smelters. PMID- 7296071 TI - Determination of pentachlorophenol in urine. PMID- 7296072 TI - Excretion of radioactivity following the intraperitoneal administration of 14C DDT, 14C-DDD, 14C-DDE and 14C-DDMU to the rat and Japanese quail. PMID- 7296073 TI - Uptake of DDT from the yolk sac into the early chick embryo as measured by gas chromatography. PMID- 7296074 TI - Residues on DDT in a contaminated Norwegian lake ecosystem. PMID- 7296075 TI - Living area contamination by chlordane used for termite treatment. PMID- 7296076 TI - A post-implantational study on the effects of zineb on reproduction using the decidualized pseudopregnant rat as a model. PMID- 7296077 TI - Detection of acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in air and fumigated foodstuffs. PMID- 7296078 TI - Breathing during exercise in airway obstruction. PMID- 7296079 TI - [Effects of tobacco smoke on bronchoalveolar cells in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296080 TI - Decreases in VC and FEV1 with time: indicators for effects of smoking and air pollution. PMID- 7296081 TI - Lung recoil and density dependence of maximum expiratory flow in emphysema. PMID- 7296082 TI - [Comparison of bronchodilator effects of salbutamol and theophylline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296083 TI - [Dust and obstructive bronchitis among flax scutchers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296084 TI - [Pulmonary hypersensitivity diseases]. PMID- 7296085 TI - [Occupational respiratory diseases in industrially advanced countries]. PMID- 7296086 TI - [Pathogenesis and diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 7296087 TI - [Sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of diagnostic tests]. PMID- 7296088 TI - [Research on a new tuberculin series: Part 1. Effects of age, residence, BCG vaccination and tuberculosis]. PMID- 7296089 TI - [Research on a new tuberculin series: Part 2. Immunologic spectrum of mycobacteria]. PMID- 7296090 TI - [Natural evolution of tuberculosis. Some characteristics of this evolutionary tendency in a developing country: Uruguay]. PMID- 7296091 TI - [BCG program under attack]. PMID- 7296092 TI - [Campaign against tuberculosis in Czechoslovakia and perspectives for the future]. PMID- 7296093 TI - Validity of impedance measurements and referral criteria in school hearing screening programmes. AB - The increasing use of impedance methods in screening programmes for auditory dysfunction requires that the techniques and validity of the referral criteria be continually monitored. This research report describes one such study carried out as part of the normal school hearing test procedure. Comparative measurements were made using conventional pure tone sweep audiometry and with the 'Tympanometer' (American Electromedics 85 AR). Results are based on 423 ears from 9-year old juniors and 298 ears from 5-year old infants. Agreement between the two methods was obtained with 81% of the juniors and 74% of the infants. The majority of the disagreement resulted from the high sensitivity of the impedance system in detecting middle-ear disorders which did not result in a hearing loss detectable by a 20-dB sweep. Significantly, the Tympanometer missed two infants with moderate sensorineural losses. These false negatives relate directly to the Tympanometer reflex system which proved to be unreliable. The need for care in the selection of instrumentation is stressed. PMID- 7296094 TI - Response bias in the perception of deaf speech by experienced and naive listeners. AB - A comparative study of the attempts of naive listeners and listeners familiar with deaf speech to identify utterances of young deaf speakers showed that there were no differences between the intelligibility scores of the two groups. Significant differences emerged, however, in the type of errors made by each group, the naive listeners making more errors of omission and the listeners familiar with deaf speech more substitution errors. It is suggested that these results indicate different response biases towards the evaluation task, but fail to support the hypothesis that familiarity with the speaker confers a substantial advantage in understanding the speech of the deaf, in the absence of other clues. PMID- 7296095 TI - Binaural pitch-matching with interrupted tones. AB - The purpose of this paper was to ascertain and compare the binaural pitch matching abilities of hearing and hearing-impaired people. Three groups of subjects, all adults ranging in age from 21 to 37 years, took part in this investigation. Group A consisted of 18 normal hearing people, Group B consisted of seven people with conductive hearing impairment and Group C consisted of nine people with sensorineural hearing impairment. Their mean binaural pitch-matching errors obtained at each one of the main speech frequencies (250-4000 Hz) were as follows: For the normal hearing group the mean pitch-matching errors varied from 1.57% at 2000 Hz to 2.31% at 4000 Hz. The corresponding values for the conductive group varied from 2.33% at 2000 Hz to 3.28% at 500 Hz. The sensorineural group exhibited mean binaural pitch-matching errors varying from 6.93% at 250 Hz to 14.62% at 1000 Hz. All mean error differences obtained between the sensorineural group and the other two groups of subjects were statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The differences between the normal hearing group and the conductive group did not prove to be statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The differences between the normal hearing group and the conductive group did not prove to be statistically significant. PMID- 7296096 TI - Hearing-aid fitting protocol. AB - A five appointment programme protocol for hearing-aid selection, fitting and client guidance is described. The full protocol requires a maximum work load average of 3 h per client, and is appropriate for the vast majority of psychologically and physically intact first time aid users. Drawn up for use mainly with an elderly population, the protocol is equally appropriate with younger adult clients contacts over a relatively short time to allow repetition and reinforcement and develop motivation. Each appointment has been designed to contain a proportion of instruction, a proportion of assessment and evaluation, and a proportion of advice and guidance. Clients proceed in accordance with individual capacity, but do not proceed beyond any point until performance is verified. A number of recently developed methods are incorporated into the protocol. These include methods of aid selection, ear impression taking, aided threshold testing and validity checks and speech test selection. PMID- 7296098 TI - Field trials of a tactile acoustic monitor for the profoundly deaf. AB - Profoundly deaf subjects were given information about sound level in their environment by means of a body-worn unit coupled to a small vibrator worn on the finger. Results of trials on 19 adults are discussed. The Tactile Acoustic Monitor was found to be useful for identifying domestic sounds by means of their distinctive timing patterns. No significant overall improvement in subject's control of voice level was observed, although some subjects found that having a voice level monitor gave them greater confidence to join conversations. Various design improvements were suggested by the trials. Modifications which have been incorporated into an improved unit are described. PMID- 7296097 TI - Effect of interaural intensity differences on binaural summation of brainstem auditory-evoked potentials. AB - With binaural stimulation the two specific parameters that can modify the neural responses substantially are the intensity differences and the time of arrival of the stimulus at the two ears; these events on electrophysiological evidence, being mediated at the superior olivary complex and at the inferior colliculus, the origins of Waves III and V respectively. Comparison of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials to monaural stimulation with that due to binaural stimulation reveals a significant increase only in the amplitude of Wave V. The amount of increase is reduced from 68.7% with equal intensities at the two ears to 44% with a 10-dB interaural intensity difference. With a 20-dB interaural intensity difference the amplitude of Wave V reverts to that due to monaural stimulation. The 68.7% greater amplitude for Wave V was not due to effective increase in loudness sensation on binaural stimulation (which is equivalent to a monaural increase in intensity of 3 dB) but to binaural summation. In contrast to Wave V, Wave III decreased in amplitude below that resulting from monaural stimulation with intensity differences of 10 and 20 dB at the two ears. This supports the suggestion of inhibitory processes at that level of the brainstem. As only Wave V shows binaural summation the region of inferior colliculus is suggested as the site for the occurrence of this phenomenon. Binaural interaction can also be demonstrated within a limited range with intensity differences at the two ears. PMID- 7296100 TI - Recommended procedures for pure-tone audiometry using a manually operated instrument. PMID- 7296101 TI - Tinnitus masking-a significant contribution to tinnitus management. PMID- 7296099 TI - Magnitude estimates of loudness adaption at 60 dB SPL. AB - Previous reports indicate that adaptation measured by the technique of successive magnitude estimations is not found above 30 dB SL (Fishken et al., 1977; and others). Although the present study confirmed this finding at 60 dB SPL for the original procedure, it was found that a modification of the magnitude estimation procedure resulted in significant loudness adaptation at this intensity. Introduction of a 20-dB increment for 5 s, every 30 s, resulted in a marked and statistically significant decline in successive loudness judgements of the 60-dB tone. In addition, the decline in reported loudness magnitude was cumulative and progressive throughout the 7-min duration of the monaural stimulus. This is typical of classical results found with simultaneous dichotic loudness balances. PMID- 7296102 TI - Aircraft noise and hearing impairment in children. PMID- 7296103 TI - The high prevalence of hearing disorders and its implications for services in the UK. PMID- 7296104 TI - On the use of reaction time as a measure of intelligibility. PMID- 7296105 TI - Teaching hearing-aid skills to elderly people: hearing tactics. PMID- 7296107 TI - Assessing the effectiveness of auditory warnings. PMID- 7296106 TI - Hearing tactics: the long-term effects of instruction. PMID- 7296108 TI - Pilot experiments with a reaction time audiometer. PMID- 7296109 TI - Development of school screening audiometry. PMID- 7296110 TI - Relationship of missed psychotherapy appointments to premature termination and social class. AB - The problem of missed appointments in psychotherapy has received little empirical study. Consequently, this problem was studied in relation to several demographic and actuarial variables. Lower socio-economic status was found to be related to missed appointments and to premature termination. Missing appointments was also found to be related to dropping out of treatment. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed and suggestions offered for reducing premature termination. PMID- 7296111 TI - Personality and surgical recovery: a review. AB - Studies concerned with the influence of personality variables on recovery from surgery are critically reviewed. There is some evidence that high levels of neuroticism or trait-anxiety are associated with more distress and slower recovery from surgery. Evidence concerning other personality variables is less conclusive, and those positive associations that have been found may be attributable to overlap between the assessments used and trait-anxiety measures. Further research should involve patient groups that are more homogeneous in terms of sex and type of surgery. Progress in the field would also be furthered by the use of factorially grounded personality measures and standard recovery variables such as pain ratings, respiratory complications or resumption of normal activities. The links which have been found between personality and clinical outcome measures can be explained in terms of effects on subjective distress, or on the patients' involvement in behaviour which may promote recovery, or on physiological and immunological mechanisms. PMID- 7296112 TI - Orienting responses to stimuli others fear. AB - Three experiments investigated the magnitudes and habituation rates of electrodermal orienting responses (ORs) to phobic or neutral words or phrases. The experimental 'phobic' material denoted objects or situations feared by members of a student population but of which the students selected as subjects reported no fear. In each experiment, two different groups of subjects were given 12 presentations of either a phobic or a neutral word or phrase. In the first experiment the results did not differentiate the groups. In the second experiment shocks were given to the subjects before the experiment and they were threatened with further shocks; the phobic stimuli then elicited larger responses (P less than 0.05) and took more trials to habituation (P less than 0.05). In the third experiment subjects heard pleasant music and were told they would hear it again. There were no significant differences in magnitudes of responses or trials to habituation. The range of potentially phobic stimuli capable of eliciting larger and more slowly habituating ORs is found to be greater than implied by Ohman. The concept of biological significance is thought to be still applicable but it is argued that its implications for the significance of particular events have to be learned. A state of arousal is necessary to elicit significantly larger responses and there is some evidence that the state must be appropriate rather than non specific. PMID- 7296113 TI - An experimental investigation of pain production in headache patients. AB - An experiment was conducted to test two assumptions underpinning the prevailing medical model of tension headache: (1) that tension headache pain is due to sustained contraction of the skeletal muscles of the scalp; (2) that the muscle contraction produces greater pain for tension headache patients than for migraineurs. Six tension headache patients and six migraine patients were compared with six matched non-headache control subjects. All subjects used visual EMG biofeedback to hold different levels of frontalis muscle contraction for periods of one and three minutes. Ratings of pain and subjective tension were obtained for all trials. The results provided little support for either hypothesis. Pain ratings were not clearly related to induced EMG levels, but there was clear evidence that subjective tension was a function of EMG activity. It is suggested that the role of psychological factors in the production of pain should be further explored. PMID- 7296114 TI - Cognitive style in depressed and recovered depressed patients. AB - Depressed and recovered depressed patients were compared with a recovered mixed psychiatric group and normal controls on three cognitive measures relating to Beck's theory of depression. Levels of depression and neuroticism were also assessed. Cognitive response was not found to differentiate the recovered depressed patients from the two control groups, though depressed patients were consistently differentiated. The three cognitive measures, of which one was devised by the authors, intercorrelated highly among themselves and with levels of depression and neuroticism. When levels of depression and neuroticism were controlled for, the differences between the depressed group, recovered depressed and control groups, disappeared, except on one of the measures. The implications of the findings for the cognitive theory of depression are discussed. PMID- 7296115 TI - 'Preparedness' and the development of aversive associations. AB - The paper presents two studies investigating the role of the preparedness value of stimulus content in an aversive compound signal conditioning procedure. It was predicted that greater compound to component transfer would occur to 'potentially phobic' compared to 'neutral' stimulus components, and that responses to potentially phobic components would show a relatively greater resistance to extinction. Results from both studies failed to support these hypotheses thus questioning the generality of the previously demonstrated role of 'preparedness' in average associative processes. PMID- 7296116 TI - Spirit possession and neuroticism in West Indian Pentecostal community. AB - The experiment is focused on the relationship between spirit possession and neuroticism as assessed by psychometric techniques. Twenty subjects who were regular members of a West Indian Pentecostal congregation were interviewed and tested with the EPI and the hysteria scale of the MMPI. Analysis of data indicated that the 10 subjects who were defined as spirit possessed scored significantly high in both neuroticism (P less than 0.05) and hysteria (P less than 0.005) than did the control group. In light of these data and others it was suggested that possession constitutes a culture-bound neurotic disorder. PMID- 7296117 TI - The use of a satiation-distancing technique for treatment of severe mood disturbance in a chronically anxious male patient. PMID- 7296118 TI - Obsessionality and reversal theory. AB - The study investigates the hypothesis that obsessional traits may be related to telic dominance (a state in which the individual pursues goals seen by him as essential) while obsessional symptoms may be related to extreme vacillation between telic dominance and its opposite state of paratelic dominance (in which the individual concentrates upon the purely diversionary nature of an activity). Using questionnaire methods and normal subjects, the hypothesis received cautious support. PMID- 7296119 TI - The limits of the comprehensible: reflections on medical librarianship. AB - The current state of the health sciences library field is explored with emphasis on how changes in perspective and approach may be instituted. Special attention is paid to the attitudes and skills of the individual librarian as related to institutions and organizations. PMID- 7296121 TI - The use of periodical literature in a Norwegian dental library. AB - Periodical loans, photocopy requests, and reading room use of back volumes of periodicals at the University of Bergen Dental School library were registered during a twelve-month period. Loans were sorted by title and year, and titles were grouped by specialty and language. Total borrowing was 2.242, and the annual aging factor was 0.89 (half-life 5.8 years). Twelve periodicals accounted for 50% of total borrowing. While most specialized dental journals had a lower aging factor than dental journals as a whole, orthodontic journals had an aging factor of 0.92 (half-life 8.7 years). Non-English-language journals accounted for 22% of borrowing. Scandinavian-language titles (16% of borrowing) had a lower aging factor (0.87, half-life 5.1 years) and seemed to be used more as news journals. The languages of other journals used were German (4.7% of borrowing), French, and Russian. PMID- 7296120 TI - Delivery of Health-related information to rural practitioners. AB - A program to develop library resources was instituted in eight hospitals and one ambulatory care facility in the rural low country of South Carolina from July 1978 to July 1979. The program's goal was to increase availability and awareness of informational resources and their value in the continuing and in-service education of health personnel. This paper reports on the program's inception, components, evaluation, success, and implications for similar programs. PMID- 7296122 TI - Honor your authors. PMID- 7296123 TI - Planning and implementing a major journal shift in a health sciences library. PMID- 7296125 TI - Core library concept. PMID- 7296124 TI - Keyword indexing of a faculty reprint collection. PMID- 7296126 TI - Aetiology of pre-eclampsia. PMID- 7296127 TI - Management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. PMID- 7296128 TI - Management of hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 7296129 TI - Reliability and the X-ray department. PMID- 7296130 TI - Prevention of deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 7296131 TI - Information handling. PMID- 7296132 TI - Pelvic pain. PMID- 7296133 TI - How to biopsy the lung and pleura. PMID- 7296134 TI - Private practice--5. PMID- 7296135 TI - Biopsy of the breast. PMID- 7296136 TI - Thrombosis and oral contraception. PMID- 7296137 TI - Treatment of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7296138 TI - The blood supply of dorsal tongue flaps. AB - Current advice on the design of dorsal tongue flaps is conflicting because of insufficient understanding of the blood supply. A detailed study of the vascular anatomy shows that the dorsal mucosa has a distinctive vascular pattern that commends the choice of a posteriorly-based midline flap for closure of defects in the soft palate and posterior part of the hard palate. More anterior defects are more easily closed with an anteriorly-based midline flap. PMID- 7296139 TI - The preservation of lachrymal drainage following excision of basal cell carcinoma of the lower eyelid. PMID- 7296140 TI - Stabilisation of the mandible by A.O. compression plate after mandibulotomy. PMID- 7296141 TI - Restoration of mandibular continuity after symphyseal osteotomy. PMID- 7296142 TI - One-stage reconstruction of a massive gun-shot wound of the lower face with a local compound osteo-musculocutaneous flap. PMID- 7296143 TI - The reconstruction of progressive facial hemi-atrophy by free vascularised dermis fat flaps. PMID- 7296144 TI - Surgical repair of the congenital ear lobe cleft. PMID- 7296145 TI - Post mastectomy breast reconstruction using a breast sharing technique. PMID- 7296146 TI - The brachioradialis myocutaneous flap. AB - The vascular anatomy and the cutaneous territorial definition of the brachioradialis myocutaneous flap has been studied by cadaver dissection and intra-arterial injection of methylene blue eye. A case is presented in which a proximal brachioradialis myocutanenous flap, based on the vascular pedicle arising from the radial recurrent artery just distal to the elbow level, was used to cover an exposed open elbow joint. The advantages and disadvantages of this flap are briefly discussed. PMID- 7296147 TI - A "defensive" approach to the island pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. PMID- 7296148 TI - Dupuytren's disease and the sickle-cell trait in a female black patient. AB - Dupuytren's contracture is not often seen in the black-skinned patient. The combination of a Dupuytren's contracture in a black female patient who also carried the sickle-cell trait is described. This association of two diseases in a dark skinned patient has important surgical and anaesthetic implications which must not be forgotten in those countries with a large number of immigrants from the "sickle-cell" areas of the world. PMID- 7296149 TI - The influence of postoperative pharmacological vasodilator agents on the pattern of necrosis in a standardised rat skin flap. AB - An experimental dorsal rat skin flap which produces a consistent pattern of necrosis is described. As judged by the area of necrosis in this flap, short post operative courses and several vasodilator agents failed to increase flap survival. However it is not possible to conclude from this that those agents did not influence small vessel blood flow. Necrotic flaps in rats may not be the most appropriate models in which to test the effect of vasodilator agents. PMID- 7296150 TI - A re-appraisal and modification of the Lauritzen technique of microvascular anastomoses. AB - Twenty arterial anastomoses were performed in ten Sprague-Dawley rats, utilising a modification of the Lauritzen technique which was being re-evaluated because of its apparent simplicity and high patency rate. In 90% of the anastomoses performed patency was confirmed one week after operation. Histological examination at this time revealed neo-endothelialisation across the anastomotic site. It is clear that this technique is a very efficient method of anastomosing vessels of similar size in the experimental animal where tension is not a problem and should be considered for use in suitable cases in man. PMID- 7296151 TI - An onlay vein patch technique for the repair of small vessels. AB - A method for the repair of defects in small blood vessels is described, using an oversized onlay autogenous vein patch tacked to the adventitia. The technique has been evaluated experimentally and it has been shown that vessels repaired with a patch remain patient with normal blood flow. By contrast, vessels repaired by direct suturing have a high incidence of mural thrombus formation and sluggish flow. The clinical usefulness of the method is illustrated by a case report describing the salvage of a free flap with a damaged vascular pedicle. PMID- 7296152 TI - Recurrent fibrosarcoma of skull: a 35-year surgical odyssey. PMID- 7296153 TI - The surgical plane in the leg. PMID- 7296154 TI - The blood supply to the skin of the leg: a post-mortem investigation. AB - A detailed investigation of the blood supply to the skin of the leg in 22 cadavers using intra-arterial dye and lipiodol confirmed the increased vascularity of the skin of the upper leg and showed that surgically successful flaps are more safely raised on the medial and posterior aspect of the leg. There was a generally uniform distribution of the vascularity with the significant exception of the lower leg where the supply to the skin from perforating vessels was strikingly deficient. Some observations are made on the feasibility of using innervated free flaps and a free vascularised nerve graft. PMID- 7296155 TI - Hypnotic psychotherapy and cosmetic surgery. PMID- 7296156 TI - Lip lifting. AB - The changing appearance of the upper lip may be a significant component in the "ageing face" syndrome. Its typical features are described. These can be corrected by a simple "lip lift". Complications are few and the manoeuvre has proved to be an excellent adjunct in restoring a more youthful outlook. It has little effect on "purse-string" lines of the upper lip that usually require dermabrasion or a chemical peel. PMID- 7296157 TI - A simple face-lift manoeuvre. PMID- 7296158 TI - A simple model on which to practise microsurgical technique: a fresh chicken. PMID- 7296159 TI - Fresh chicken leg: an experimental model for the microsurgical beginner. PMID- 7296160 TI - Rapid reversal by naloxone of the chronic effects of morphine on rat liver and brain tryptophan metabolism. AB - The chronic morphine-induced inhibition of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity and the resultant increases in tryptophan availability to the brain and brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis are reversed within 10 min after naloxone administration. The possible involvement of hepatic tryptophan metabolism in morphine dependence is briefly discussed. PMID- 7296161 TI - Changes in synaptosomal high affinity choline uptake following electrical stimulation of guinea-pig cortical slices: effect of atropine and physostigmine. AB - 1 Superfused guinea-pig cortical slices were electrically stimulated at different frequencies and the changes in acetylcholine (ACh) content measured. Synaptosomes were prepared at the end of the stimulation period and high affinity choline uptake (HACU) rate was measured. 2 The effect of increasing KC1 concentrations was compared on ACh content of the slices and on synaptosomal HACU. 3 Electrical stimulation (2, 5, 10, 20 Hz) elicited a frequency-dependent linear increase in synaptosomal HACU rate and a decrease in ACh content of the slices. 4 The addition of atropine (1.5 x 10(-8) M) to the slices enhanced and that of physostigmine (3 x 10(-5) M) reduced the frequency-dependent increase in HACU rate. Atropine (1.5 x 10(-6) M) not only antagonized the effect of physostigmine, but the HACU rate measured after treatment with both drugs was larger than that found after atropine alone. 5 These results indicate that in the cortical cholinergic nerve endings, depolarization caused by electrical stimulation is coupled with an increase in choline transport which can be modulated by the addition of atropine or physostigmine. Furthermore, within given experimental conditions a linear relationship exists between the reciprocal of ACh content in the slices and synaptosomal HACU. PMID- 7296163 TI - Activation of central muscarinic receptors causes respiratory stimulation in conscious animals. AB - 1 Oxotremorine (10 microgram/kg) injected intravenously into conscious rabbits pretreated with atropine-methyl-nitrate (ATMN, 0.5 mg/kg) caused significant increases in respiration rate from 94 to 131 per min, and in PaO2 from 13.8 to 15.4 kPa, and a decrease in PaCO2 from 3.30 to 2.09 pKa within 15 min. Blood pH fell from 7.44 to 7.16. 2 Blood pressure increased by 11.6%, 5 min after oxotremorine injection. 3 The acidosis was shown to be due to an increase in blood lactic acid from 41 to 132 mg/100 ml. 4 Pretreatment with propranolol (5 mg/kg s.c.) prevented the lactic acidosis and fall in pH but did not alter the respiratory stimulation induced by oxotremorine. 5 It is suggested that the lactic acidosis induced by oxotremorine results from stimulation of beta adrenoceptors in skeletal muscle by catecholamines released from the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves. 6 Since all the above effects of oxotremorine are antagonized by hyoscine (5 mg/kg) but not by ATMN (0.5 mg/kg), it is concluded that oxotremorine can stimulate respiration by a direct action on muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system. PMID- 7296162 TI - A study on the acute effect of amphetamine on the urinary excretion of biogenic amines and metabolites in monkeys. AB - 1 The effects of an acute dose (3 mg/kg) of amphetamine on the urinary excretion of phenylethylamine (PEA), p-tyramine, their metabolites, catecholamine metabolites and p-hydroxymandelic acid, a major metabolite of p-octopamine were evaluated in the monkey. Amphetamine excretion was also measured. 2 Amphetamine was slowly eliminated from the body, being found in the urine at least six days after administration. 3 Amphetamine increased the excretion of PEA and decreased that of its major metabolite, phenylacetic acid (PAA). This pattern of changes is similar to that previously found in the urine of chronic schizophrenics. 4 The excretion of the dopamine metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was markedly reduced, that of vanilmandelic acid (VMA) remained unchanged while 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was increased on the day of drug administration and persisted for at least a further six days. A similar extended effect on the excretion of p-hydroxymandelic acid (it was reduced) was also observed. 5 The excretion of p-tyramine but not its metabolite, p hydroxyphenylacetic acid, was decreased by amphetamine during treatment and returned to normal levels six days later. 6 From the results obtained, it was concluded that amphetamine effects on behaviour cannot exclusively be attributed to its influence on catecholamines and that other biogenic amines may be involved. 7 Since PEA elicits many behavioural changes similar to those seen with amphetamine, and since amphetamine increases PEA excretion, we suggest that amphetamine may exert some of its behavioural responses through the release of PEA. PMID- 7296164 TI - Benzodiazepines reduce gastric ulcers induced in rats by stress. AB - 1 The sedative and antiulcer effects of chlordiazepoxide (5 to 50 mg/kg) and lorazepam (0.25 to 2.5 mg/kg) were investigated in the rat. 2 Sedation was measured by recording locomotor activity in a holeboard. Ulceration of the glandular stomach was induced by a 2 h period of restrain at 4 degrees C. 3 Acutely, both drugs produced significant sedation at all doses; high doses only (chlordiazepoxide 10 and 50 mg/kg; lorazepam 2.5 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in ulcer formation. 4 With chronic treatment, after 5 and 10 days administration of chlordiazepoxide (50 mg/kg), tolerance to sedation was observed without a similar change in antiulcer action. 5 Cimetidine (20 mg/kg) and atropine (0.2 mg/kg) decreased ulcer formation without causing sedation. 6 The antisecretory profile of chlordiazepoxide (2 x 10(-4) M), in the rat isolated gastric mucosa, resembled that of atropine (10(-7) M) rather than cimetidine (10( 5) M). 7 These observations suggest that the antiulcer effect of benzodiazepines probably results from a combination of sedative, anxiolytic and antisecretory actions. PMID- 7296165 TI - Acute effects of propranolol on the circulation and on oxygen uptake in conscious rats. AB - 1 The acute effect of orally administered propranolol (100 mg/kg) on blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, venous pressure, haemoglobin concentration and oxygen uptake was studied in conscious rats. 2 Oxygen uptake was measured in a closed circuit respirometer and cardiac output determined by the direct Fick method. Other variables were measured by means of chronically implanted cannulae. 3 Significant falls occurred in heart rate (8.9%), cardiac output (30.5%), derived stroke volume (21.3%) and oxygen uptake (12.2%). 4 There were significant rises in arterial blood pressure (12.9%), derived arterial resistance (69%), arterio-venous oxygen difference (31.5%) and arterial haemoglobin concentration (6.3%). 5 A rise in venous pressure occurred in lightly anaesthetized rats but was only of borderline significance. 6 Correlations between the different variables revealed only one significant relationship, between heart rate and oxygen uptake. 7 It is concluded that only one primary site of action of propranolol has to be postulated to account for these findings, that of the well known negative inotropic and chronotropic effect on the heart. PMID- 7296166 TI - The action of propranolol on factors concerned with the delivery of oxygen to the tissues. AB - 1 In a previous study in conscious rats, orally administered propranolol acutely lowered cardiac output by 30.5% and oxygen uptake by 12.2%, while oxygen extraction rose by 31.5%. The present study is concerned with the way in which the rat meets its oxygen requirements against such a fall in perfusion. 2 The effect of known concentrations of propranolol on haemoglobin-oxygen affinity was studied in vitro. The effect of orally administered propranolol (given acutely and chronically) was then determined and this was related to the concentration of the drug in plasma and red cells. Further studies were made on the action of propranolol on the Bohr effect and on arterial oxygen carriage. 3 In vitro, high concentrations of propranolol (1 x 10(-4) M) influenced haemoglobin-oxygen affinity in a biphasic manner and this was associated with changes in haematocrit and red cell and plasma pH. No change occurred in affinity after acute or chronic oral administration of the drug due to insufficient concentration in the blood. No direct action of the Bohr effect was detected. 4 Arterial oxygen content rose acutely due to an increase in haemoglobin concentration. 5 It is concluded that increased oxygen extraction in propranolol-treated rats is not explained by the actions of the drug on haemoglobin-oxygen affinity. PMID- 7296167 TI - Correlation between catecholamine release and sodium pump inhibition in the perfused adrenal gland of the cat. AB - 1 Ca(2+) reintroduction to retrogradely perfused and ouabain (10(-4) M)-treated cat adrenal glands caused a catecholamine secretory response which was greater the longer the time of exposure to the cardiac glycoside. Such a response was proportional to the external Na(+) concentration [Na(+)](o).2 A qualitatively similar, yet smaller response was observed when glands were perfused with Krebs solution lacking K(+) ions; thus, K(+) deprivation mimicked the secretory effects of ouabain. Catecholamine secretion evoked by Ca(2+) reintroduction in K(+)-free solution (0-K(+)) was also proportional to [Na(+)](o) and greater the longer the time of exposure of the gland to 0-K(+) solution.3 The ionophore X537A also mimicked the ouabain effects, since Ca(2+) reintroduction to glands treated with this agent (25 muM) caused a sharp secretory response. When added together with X537A, ouabain (10(-4) M) did not modify the response to the ionophore.4 N ethylmaleimide (NEM), another Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, did not evoke the release of catecholamines; on the contrary, NEM (10(-4) M) inhibited the catecholamine secretory response to high [K(+)](o), acetylcholine, Ca(2+) reintroduction and ouabain.5 Ouabain (10(-4) M) inhibited the uptake of (86)Rb into adreno-medullary tissue by 60%. Maximal inhibition had already occurred 2 min after adding the drug, indicating a lack of temporal correlation between ATPase inhibition and the ouabain secretory response, which took longer (about 30 40 min) to reach its peak. NEM (10(-4) M) blocked (86)Rb uptake in a similar manner.6 The results are further evidence in favour of the presence of a Na(+) Ca(2+) exchange system in the chromaffin cell membrane, probably involved in the control of [Ca(2+)](i) and in the modulation of catecholamine secretion. This system is activated by increasing [Na(+)](i), either directly (ionophore X537A, increased [Na(+)](o)) or indirectly (Na(+) pump inhibition). However, the simple inhibition of Na(+) pumping does not always lead to a catecholamine secretory response; such is the case for NEM. PMID- 7296168 TI - Potentiation of K+-evoked catecholamine release in the cat adrenal gland treated with ouabain. AB - 1 A vigorous catecholamine secretory response was evoked by small increments (2 10 mM) of the extracellular concentration of K+ ([K+])o) in cat adrenal glands treated with ouabain (10(-4) M), and perfused with Krebs-bicarbonate solution at room temperature. 2 The secretory response depends on [K+]o; increments of [K+]o as small as 2 mM for 2 min evoked a clear secretory response; at 10-17.7 mM K+, the maximal secretory response was observed. In normal glands, not treated with ouabain, no increase of the rate of catecholamine output was observed by raising [K+]o up to 17.7 mM for 2 min. 3 The K+ secretory response was time-dependent, requiring at least 1 min to be initiated; on continued exposure to 10 mM [K+]o, the enhanced response remained for at least 1 h. 4 In low [Na+]o, the K+ secretory response was unchanged. However, in 0-Ca2+, high-Mg2+ solutions, or in the presence of D600, an organic Ca2+ antagonist, it was abolished. 5 The K+ induced secretory response was not altered in the presence of tetrodoxin or tetraethylammonium. 6 It is concluded that ouabain potentiated the catecholamine secretory response to raised [K+]o by increasing the amount of Ca2+ available to the secretory machinery through (a) mobilization of an enhanced pool of membrane bound Ca2+, (b) activation of membrane Ca2+ inward current; or (c) decrease of intracellular Ca2+ buffering systems. The activation by ouabain of a membrane Na+ Ca2+ exchange system is not involved in this K+-secretory response. It is suggested that the plasma membrane ATPase enzyme system, by changing the affinity of its Ca2+ binding sites, might control the availability of this cation to the secretory machinery and, therefore, modulate catecholamine secretion in the adrenal gland. PMID- 7296169 TI - Mechanism of decline in rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine after induction of liver tryptophan pyrrolase by hydrocortisone: roles of tryptophan catabolism and kynurenine synthesis. AB - 1 Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the decline in brain tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) after administration of hydrocortisone and the subsequent induction of liver pyrrolase. These are depletion of tryptophan by high rates of tryptophan catabolism and inhibition of tryptophan uptake by elevated levels of the tryptophan catabolite, kynurenine.2 The increase in plasma kynurenine after hydrocortisone injection (25 mg/kg) was small, and kynurenine, at a concentration ten fold greater, did not inhibit tryptophan uptake by brain as measured by the Oldendorf technique. Thus, inhibition of tryptophan uptake by kynurenine is not an important mechanism in the control of brain tryptophan and 5 HT.3 The decline in brain tryptophan after hydrocortisone was comparable to that seen in other tissues, which comprise more than half of the body weight of a rat.4 The total decline in free tryptophan stores in whole animals treated with hydrocortisone was estimated to be about 450 mug. This amount of tryptophan would be catabolized by tryptophan pyrrolase in about 20 min, when the enzyme is induced, according to an earlier estimate of the rate of tryptophan catabolism in vivo.5 Tryptophan pyrrolase activity remains high for much longer than 20 min, suggesting that there is net protein catabolism, which releases tryptophan and prevents non-protein tryptophan levels falling very far.6 These results demonstrate that the decline in brain tryptophan and 5-HT after hydrocortisone is caused by depletion of tryptophan stores due to the high activity of tryptophan pyrrolase. However, our data suggest that this effect is diminished by release of tryptophan from proteins. Thus, peripheral protein metabolism may be an important factor in the control of brain tryptophan levels and 5-HT synthesis. PMID- 7296171 TI - The essence of psychotherapy. AB - Psychotherapy and the changes it produces can be understood in terms of simple basic essentials. Intensive and longstanding clinical experience demonstrates its therapeutic potency. Those factors in the therapist which are most important in leading to change are described. The significance of the therapeutic relationship is discussed, as well as the necessity of its candid and intensive examination during the therapy, if marked change is to occur. What is not psychotherapy is also explored. PMID- 7296170 TI - Facilitation by clonidine of purine release induced by high KCl from the rabbit pulmonary artery. AB - 1 The effect of clonidine on the 3H-purine release evoked by KCl or (-) adrenaline was assessed in the superfused helical strip of the rabbit pulmonary artery pretreated with [3H]-adenosine. 2 Clonidine (3 x 10(-5) M to 10(-4) M) significantly enhanced the 3H-purine efflux evoked by 50 mM KCl but not by 3 x 10(-6) M) (-)-adrenaline. 3 This facilitatory effect of clonidine on the KCl induced purine release was unaltered by phentolamine 3 x 10(-6) M. It was absent in arterial segments denervated with 6-hydroxydopamine 30 microgram/ml. 4 A sustained contractile response was evoked by clonidine 3 x 10(-5) M without an increase in the 3H-purine efflux. This was significantly reduced by phentolamine 3 x 10(-6) M, but not by yohimbine 10(-5) M or by denervation with 6 hydroxydopamine. 5 The uptake of [3H]-adenosine into the segments was not inhibited by clonidine 3 x 10(-5) M. 6 It is suggested that the facilitation by clonidine of the KCl-induced purine release is due to prevention of presynaptic autoinhibition of purine release from adrenergic nerves, by an antiadenosine action of the drug. PMID- 7296172 TI - Psychiatric interviewing techniques. IV. Experimental study: Four contrasting styles. AB - The development and definition of four contrasting interview styles is described. The four styles were designed using different permutations of techniques which, on the basis of an earlier naturalistic study, appeared to be most effective in eliciting either factual information or feelings. A 'sounding board' style utilized a minimal activity approach; an 'active psychotherapy' style actively sought to explore feelings and to bring out emotional links and meanings; a 'structured' style adopted an active cross-questioning approach, and a 'systematic exploratory' style aimed to combine a high use of both fact-oriented and feeling-oriented techniques. Quantitative measures based on video-tape and audio-tape analysis showed that two experienced interviewers could be trained to adopt these four very different styles and yet remain feeling and appearing natural. An experimental design to compare the four styles is described. PMID- 7296173 TI - The extended Munchausen syndrome: a family case. PMID- 7296174 TI - Amphetamine-induced dysphoria in postmenopausal women. AB - Dextroamphetamine (0.15 mg/kg) intravenously administered to a group of normal postmenopausal women induced a dysphoric reaction with drowsiness, annoyance, sadness and anger. Young normal men, receiving the same dosage, responded with elation of mood and alertness. It is suggested that age and hypoestrogenism may alter the behavioural response to amphetamine. PMID- 7296175 TI - An Ultrasound technique for the measurement of tardive dyskinesia. AB - A simple and portable ultrasound system, using a transducer attached to a pair of spectacles, to measure disorders of facial movement is described and applied to the measurement of tardive dyskinesia. Product-moment coefficients of correlation for the split-half and test-retest assessments of reliability in 20 patients were 0.96 and 0.93 respectively. Concurrent validity was confirmed by assessing the consistency between ultrasound scores and time-sampled scores based on video films (Pearson r = 0.86). Serial measurements of tardive dyskinesia over five months revealed striking individual consistency. PMID- 7296176 TI - Some electrophysiological observations in obsessional states. AB - Averaged evoked potentials were recorded from a group of obsessional patients and matched normal controls for three types of visual stimulation: passive monitoring of a light flash, a pattern consisting of gratings and a cognitive task involving discrimination of two similar shapes. As the complexity of information processing required by the tasks increased, differences in the evoked potentials of obsessionals became more marked. The main finding was of faster latency and reduced amplitude of the N220 component in the cognitive task. The relevance of this finding to a theory of obsessional disorder is discussed. PMID- 7296177 TI - Facial electromyography as a predictor of treatment outcome in depression. AB - Electromyograms (EMGs) from the corrugator, zygomatic and splenius capitis muscle sites and Beck depression inventory scores were obtained from 21 depressed in patients shortly after admission and after two weeks in hospital. Contrary to the result of a previous study by other investigators, significant covariaton between depressive symptoms and corrugator EMG levels was not seen. However, consistent with a second finding of the previous study, initial corrugator EMG levels were shown to be significantly predictive of treatment outcome. Further, initial EMG from the zygomatic was also found to predict changes in depression. The explanation is unclear and further research is needed. PMID- 7296178 TI - Identity alterations and prognosis in schizophrenia. AB - Delusions of altered personal identity were studied over a four-year period in 53 young schizophrenic in-patients divided into 13 with persistent delusions, 16 with fleeting delusions and 24 with no delusions of identity alteration at first examination. The three groups were clinically otherwise comparable. Follow-up showed that those with persistent delusions of altered identity had a poor prognosis and deteriorating course. PMID- 7296179 TI - Study of HLA antigens among Japanese schizophrenics. AB - HLA antigens were typed among 136 Japanese schizophrenics. Increased frequencies were seen in A9 (Aw24), A10 (A26) and Bw54, and decreased frequency in B40 antigens when compared to 187 Japanese controls. It is suggested that there may be an association between A9 (Aw24) and schizophrenia with a chronic-progressive course and also an association between A10 (A26) and hebephrenia. PMID- 7296180 TI - Psychiatric effects of alternate day steroid therapy. AB - The prevalence of emotional disorder in a total of 72 patients suffering from myasthenia gravis of from peripheral neuromuscular disorders was assessed, using the General Health Questionnaire and Present State Examination. Approximately half the patients were being treated with an alternate day regime of prednisone, receiving high dosage one day and low the next. Emotional disorder was found to be less prevalent among these patients than among patients not on steroids. The significance of the finding is discussed. PMID- 7296181 TI - Contemporary indications for psychosurgery. PMID- 7296182 TI - Rating scales. PMID- 7296183 TI - Judgement of emotional expression in schizophrenics. AB - Acute schizophrenics, chronic schizophrenics, psychiatric controls and patients with a depressive illness were asked to judge which of two faces in photographs was the more friendly. Acute schizophrenics disagreed significantly with the other three groups of subjects whilst agreeing with them on a control task of perceptual judgement involving colours. In a second experiment a new group of acute schizophrenics disagreed with remitted psychotics and psychotic depressives in judging friendliness and meanness but agreed with these control groups in judging age of the faces. The findings are presented as a potentially fruitful area for research on psychological deficits in schizophrenia. PMID- 7296185 TI - Impaired cerebral dominance and schizophrenia. AB - A total of 150 psychiatric patients--schizophrenics, affective psychotics and neurotics--were compared with 150 normal controls for handedness. Schizophrenics were significantly more likely to be non-dextrals (i.e. not completely right handed) than controls. Affective psychotics and neurotics were not significantly different from controls. PMID- 7296184 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in acute schizophrenia: relationship to symptomatology and neuroleptic medication. AB - Platelet MAO activity was assessed in 35 schizophrenics during a trial of the isomers of flupenthixol. Enzyme activity was unrelated to severity of symptoms, the presence of delusions, hallucinations or thought disorder or to negative symptoms. In a few patients MAO activity fluctuated widely with time, but in the group of patients on medication there was a slow decrease in enzyme activity which was significant after 28 days of treatment. Enzyme activity after 14 days' drug treatment was still correlated with activity before treatment, but after 28 days this significant correlation disappeared. Slow effects of neuroleptic drugs on platelet MAO activity may explain previous findings of reduced activity of the enzyme in schizophrenia. PMID- 7296186 TI - Neuropsychiatric aspects of bilingualism: a brief review. PMID- 7296187 TI - Psychiatric interviewing techniques V. Experimental study: eliciting factual information. AB - Four experimental interview styles, each recommended by experts in the field, were compared for their efficiency in eliciting factual information during the initial diagnostic interviews with the mothers of children referred to a psychiatric out-patient clinic. If encouraged to talk freely, mothers tended to mention most (but not all) key issues without the need for standardized questioning on a pre-determined range of topics. However, systematic questioning was essential in order to obtain good quality factual data. Better data were obtained when interviewers were sensitive and alert to factual cues and chose their probes with care. Clinically significant factual information, idiosyncratic to the family and outside the range of standard enquiry was common, but was obtained satisfactorily with all four styles. No one style was generally preferred by informants. The advantages of systematic questioning for obtaining factual information were not associated with any disadvantages with respect to the eliciting of emotions and feelings. PMID- 7296188 TI - Identification of features associated with flying phobia in aircrew. AB - The psychological and physiological features of 20 aircrew consecutively referred for treatment of anxiety symptoms when flying were compared with a matched control group of uncomplaining aircrew. There were no significant differences between the two groups on psychometric tests of personality, though there were differences in skin conductance; the phobics had a higher rate of spontaneous fluctuation, and habituated less to a repeated auditory tone. More of the phobic group worried about their wives and acknowledged childhood and other adulthood phobias; more had a family history of an episode perhaps best described as flying trauma. Many were on an overseas posting when symptoms presented. These few features could correctly classify 85 per cent of the subjects into the phobic or control group. This type of phobic aircrew index' now requires to be validated prospectively for its predictive value. PMID- 7296189 TI - Smoking profiles of patients admitted for neurosis. AB - A detailed record of the smoking habits of 83 patients treated in hospital for neurosis was compared with national statistics derived from the General Household Survey and Statistics of Smoking in the United Kingdom, and with a control group of patients admitted for treatment of varicose veins. Neurotic patients were more likely to be smokers. They started to smoke at a younger age, smoked more cigarettes and were more likely to inhale deeply. It is concluded that neurotic patients have a greater exposure to the potentially toxic effects of cigarette smoking than non-neurotic individuals. PMID- 7296190 TI - Psychological change in neurotic depression: a repertory grid and personal construct theory approach. AB - Personal construct theory and repertory grid methodology were applied to a study of psychological change experienced by a sample of ten neurotic depressives and their matched controls during short-term hospitalization. All subjects completed a repertory grid and the Zung depression scale on admission to hospital. Depressives were characterized by lower self-esteem, more negative social perception and higher scores on the Zung scale. Both measures were repeated at the time of discharge from hospital. Depressives showed a significant reduction in depressive mood, more positive social perception, and a change in th construing of the self; controls showed no changes. It is argued that the use of a quantitative assessment technique reinforced by a theoretical framework results in a more refined understanding of psychological change. PMID- 7296191 TI - Field dependence and the differentiation of affective states. AB - The extent to which anxiety, irritability and depression were differentiated as separate entities associated with characteristic patterns of somatic and cognitive symptoms by field dependent (FD) and field independent (FI) normal female subjects was studied with the Hidden Figures Test and Unpleasant Emotions Questionnaire. In the FI group the correlations between the three emotions were low and non-significant, reflecting a clear-cut differentiation in symptom configuration, as shown by psychiatrists. In the FD group the inter-correlations were significant and positive, corresponding to relatively poor symptom differentiation, comparable to that of a psychiatric patient group. This suggests that the cognitive style variable of field dependence may underly differences in symptom differentiation associated with psychiatrist/patient differences and, more generally, with social class and sex differences. PMID- 7296192 TI - Suicide pact in a setting of Folie a Deux. AB - A case of folie a deux affecting two women friends who presented as a suicide pact is described. The shared delusion was based on their life situation and experiences. Social intervention and obtaining employment led to marked attenuation of the delusion in both partners simultaneously and while in close contact. Review of the relevant literature revealed striking theoretical similarities between folie a deux and suicidal pacts suggesting the ease with which the former could become the foundation for the latter. PMID- 7296194 TI - Anticipatory grief. PMID- 7296193 TI - Psycho-demographic study of anxiety in Egypt: the PSE in its Arabic version. AB - This is the first attempt to study the socio-demographic aspects of anxiety disorders in Egypt and to apply the Arabic version of the PSE in evaluating the profiles of clusters and symptoms of anxiety in a sample of 120 patients with anxiety. There were significant differences in some presentations between males and females, between illiterate and educated groups, and between those exposed to mild and severe crowding. Structured interviews like PSE will help in transcultural comparisons of clinical psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7296195 TI - Sex difference in seasonal variations in suicide rate. PMID- 7296196 TI - Schizophrenia: behavioral variability and evolutionary persistence. PMID- 7296197 TI - The specificity of lithium. PMID- 7296198 TI - A reappraisal of the genetic consequences of diagnostic radiology in Great Britain. AB - The National Radiological Protection Board has recently carried out a reappraisal of the annual genetically significant dose (GSD) to the population of Great Britain arising from the practice of diagnostic radiology. The current value of 120 muGy (12 mrad) is indistinguishable from the value determined 20 years ago despite a 48% increase in the number of X-ray examinations performed per head of the population. This is mostly due to a large decrease in the contribution from obstetric radiology and to a marked reduction in the gonadal doses delivered to children for nearly all types of examination. The GSD and the frequency of X-ray examinations in Great Britain would appear to be considerably lower than those found in other industrialized countries and seem unlikely to result in more than 100 cases of serious hereditary ill-health per year at genetic equilibrium. On the other hand, diagnostic radiology is responsible for 87% of the GSD from all man-made sources of population exposure in Great Britain and there is evidence from the data collected for this reappraisal that radiological protection measures could be improved so as to reduce significantly this large contribution without detriment to patient care. PMID- 7296199 TI - Coronary collateral response and myocardial function. AB - Two hundred and twelve patients with recognizable coronary artery block and no other pathology were selected using an interactive computer data retrieval system. The relationship of coronary artery collaterals to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was investigated. Analysis revealed the significant role of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and collateral development to the preservation of LV function. This study underlies the value of radiological observation when subject to statistical scrutiny. PMID- 7296200 TI - The three types of criss-cross heart: a simple rotational anomaly. AB - Criss-cross heart is an angiographically confusing malformation where apparent crossing but not mixing of contrast medium is seen at atrioventricular level. The malformation can be understood by a clockwise or counter-clockwise ventricular rotation. In the normal heart or one with complete transposition ventricular rotation is clockwise. With corrected transposition rotation occurs in a counter clockwise fashion. One case of criss-cross heart with associated corrected transposition and two criss-cross hearts occurring with complete transposition are reported. PMID- 7296201 TI - Computerized tomography versus angiography in the staging of malignant renal neoplasm. AB - A comparative diagnostic study was carried out on 40 patients with pathologically proven renal malignancies which were staged both by angiography and CT. CT is more accurate than angiography for the detection of both perirenal and pararenal extension of the primary tumour (T-staging), and angiography is only slightly superior to CT in the evaluation of intravascular extension of the malignancy. The diagnostic performance of CT is clearly superior to angiography in detecting malignant lymphatic spread (L-staging) and distant metastases (M-staging). CT is, therefore, becoming the primary diagnostic approach for the staging of renal malignant tumours. PMID- 7296202 TI - Inversion of the right hemidiaphragm shown on ultrasound examination. PMID- 7296203 TI - Isotope bone imaging in suspected scaphoid trauma. AB - The unreliability of radiological examination in excluding or confirming a suspected scaphoid fracture after carpal trauma is a well-recognised diagnostic problem. This paper explores the role of isotope bone imaging (IBI) in the early identification of carpal bone injury. Abnormal generalized uptake of activity may be seen within the carpus, possibly as a consequence of diffuse soft tissue injury, particularly if imaging is performed within 48 hours of trauma. A focal area of increased uptake related to one carpal bone is suggestive of fracture though the part which ligamentous injury, localized periosteal reaction or incomplete cortical infarction may play in the production of such radionuclide appearances is uncertain. Ninety-nine patients with suspected recent scaphoid fracture but no demonstrable abnormality on radiological examination were subjected to IBI, using 555 MBq (15 mCi) of 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate. Abnormal focal increased uptake (AFIU) was found in 47 patients, this being localized to the scaphoid bone in 26. Of these 47 cases, 19 (42%) showed subsequent radiological evidence of fracture. The results of IBI, in our experience, can only be reliably interpreted if imaging is performed at least 48 hours after injury, though in cases of fracture AFIU may persist for several years. Using this technique, the possibility of fracture can be confidently excluded in that group of patients who show no AFIU. In selected cases of carpal trauma, IBI provides a satisfactory alternative means of identifying the presence and site of localized injury within the carpus and may be used to confidently exclude those patients with non-osseous symptomatology. PMID- 7296205 TI - Tolerance of brain to multiple courses of radiation therapy. I. Clinical experiences. AB - Patients with recurrent brain tumours years after initial radiation therapy pose a difficult management decision. Should retreatment be performed with irradiation, which carries a risk of necrosis, or should retreatment be with less effective agents but without unnecessary risks? We present the results of retreatment of 32 patients at the Mayo Clinic and the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Clinical improvement was seen in all retreated patients. The median survival was 36 months after completion of the second course of irradiation. Eight patients (25%) were alive, free of disease, from 22 to 315 months after retreatment. Of the 11 patients alive at the time of analysis, eight were experiencing productive lives and three were suffering from severe neurological damage. Evidence of brain necrosis was observed in two patients (6%); however, only 10/21 patients underwent autopsy examinations. Reirradiation of patients with late recurrences of brain tumours may offer neurological improvement and prolonged survival without excessive risk of necrosis. PMID- 7296204 TI - A study of the effect of sodium/meglumine ioxaglate (Hexabrix) on thyroid function. AB - The effect of thyroid function was investigated in 22 patients undergoing arteriography with a new low osmolality contrast medium--sodium and meglumine ioxaglate (Hexabrix). Plasma thyroxine (T4), thyroxine resin uptake (TRU) and free thyroxine index (FTI) were measured before and at varying intervals up to 56 days after the arteriogram. Despite the large doses of Hexabrix used (up to 89.6 g of iodine), these tests of thyroid function did not reveal any significant change from pre-angiographic levels. It is concluded that Hexabrix as used for arteriography does not affect thyroid function. PMID- 7296206 TI - Tolerance of the mature human central nervous system to photon irradiation. AB - Tolerance of mature human brain to photon irradiation is described. Isoeffect curves have been derived for tolerance of large and small volumes of brain, by examination of doses determined empirically and in clinical use. These have been compared with isoeffect curves of thoracic myelitis, optic nerve and chiasm damage, and brain necrosis. The results show that the best-fitting Ellis-type equations, when five fractions per week are used, have low exponents for overall treatment time and high exponents for the number of increments (N), and are similar to published data on rat myelitis. Of the equations used to test the relationship between total dose and number of increments, the power curve was the best fit. Mean values of exponents for N derived for brain and spinal cord tolerance were 0.4 or more. These were similar to values obtained for optic nerve and chiasm damage, though the data are more limited for this complication. Brain necrosis is observed at slightly higher doses probably because of a difference in the end-point observed rather than because of any fundamental difference in tissue response. Evidence is presented to suggest that some repopulation may occur in widely spaced schedules. The use of the Ellis equation derived from connective-tissue data is inappropriate for central nervous system tissue, and its use may lead to a substantial risk of overdosage. A plea is made for adequate documentation of treatment details when human data are reported. The importance of dose per fraction is emphasized. PMID- 7296207 TI - Repair during fractionated irradiation of the mouse bladder. AB - The capacity for repair of sublethal damage during fractionated irradiation of the mouse bladder has been measured. Graded doses of electrons were given as 1, 2, or 5 equal daily fractions. Two functional end points were used to assess bladder damage: (a) increased urination frequency and b) decreased bladder capacity. Repair of sublethal injury within 24 hours was found to be similar using both assays for bladder damage and was greater than the repair observed in mouse skin for a given dose per fraction. The possibility of a slower repair process occurring in bladder was investigated by giving two fractions in increasing overall times (from 24 hours to one month). No increased repair was observed with the longer time intervals; hence there was no evidence for slow repair in the bladder. PMID- 7296208 TI - A transportable gamma camera service: initial technical results. PMID- 7296209 TI - Retroperitoneal angiomatous lymphoid hamartoma demonstrated by ultrasound. PMID- 7296210 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of hydrops fetalis due to fetal tachycardia. PMID- 7296211 TI - Triple gall bladder. PMID- 7296212 TI - X-ray tube lifetime and image quality in computed tomography. PMID- 7296213 TI - Hybrid real time/B scan ultrasonic system. PMID- 7296215 TI - Rapid biomedical imaging by NMR. PMID- 7296214 TI - The noes have it! Do they? Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture, February 18, 1981. PMID- 7296216 TI - The investigation of chest disease in children by high kilovoltage filtered beam radiography. PMID- 7296217 TI - Ultrasound features of tumour thrombus in the IVC in retroperitoneal tumours. AB - Tumour invasion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a complication of retroperitoneal tumours that can be identified at the time of ultrasound B scanning. We have recognized nine patients with proven IVC tumour thrombus from such tumours and have noted several common ultrasound features. Six of these cases were associated with renal carcinoma, two with metastatic teratoma and one with rhabdomyosarcoma. The typical appearance included abnormal echogenic solid material in the lumen of the vessel. In sagittal section the anterior wall was domed as it stretched over the thrombus, and on real time scanning there was loss of the normal venous pulsations. Although similar abnormalities occur with non tumour thrombus, the presence of these typical features in association with a retroperitoneal tumour is likely to represent tumour invasion of the IVC, an important observation for accurate staging and subsequent management. PMID- 7296218 TI - An appraisal of the use of diagnostic ultrasound to quantify the lumbar spinal canal. PMID- 7296219 TI - Monte Carlo calculation of the dose distributions across a plane bone-marrow interface during diagnostic X-ray examinations. AB - The distribution of dose across a plane bone-marrow interface on irradiation with various diagnostic X-ray beams at a representative site have been determined using the Monte Carlo method. The site was in a dorsal vertebra near its surface and situated at a depth of 70 mm under the skin. The X-ray beams studied were generated at 100, 90, 80 and 70 kV with 2 mm aluminium added filter and at 55 kV with 1 mm aluminium added filter. It was found that the dose to bone marrow due to excess photoelectrons produced in bone falls off rapidly as the distance from the bone-marrow interface increases. Consequently, the percentage excess dose to a plane bone-marrow cavity, which is almost constant for the range of kV studied, is significant only if the cavity size is small. PMID- 7296220 TI - Dose-effect relations for tumour control and complication rate after fast neutron therapy for pelvic-tumours. AB - The effects of fast neutrons and high-energy photons were analysed for tumour control and skin and bowel damage after treatment of bladder and rectal cancers. A combination of statistical models was used for this analysis. A steep dose effect curve was found for local tumour control as well as for the risk of complications. Some estimates were made of RBE values for control of bladder tumour and for normal-tissue damage. The implication of these data for neutron therapy is discussed. PMID- 7296221 TI - Measurement of the lumbar spinal canal by diagnostic ultrasound. PMID- 7296222 TI - A technique for the loading of iridium 192 wire. PMID- 7296223 TI - Lymphography in post-vagotomy chylous ascites. PMID- 7296224 TI - Synergism of X irradiation and radiographic contrast medium. PMID- 7296225 TI - OER and RBE variation between p(75)-BE and d(50)-BE neutron beams. PMID- 7296226 TI - Radiosensitivity of lymphocytes separated from rat lymph nodes and human peripheral blood. PMID- 7296227 TI - Enchondromata with annular calcification in association with fibrous dysplasia. AB - Annular or ring calcification is described in conjunction with fibrous dysplasia in four of 110 patients culled from the Bristol Bone Tumour Registry. This feature results from endochondral calcification and ossification within cartilage rests or chondromata developing pari passu with fibrous dysplasia. Statistically the condition is more likely to be present in the polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia (17%) than in the monostotic form (circa 1%). All patients were male and the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia was established between the time of birth and the age of 16. Ring calcification was first detected between the ages of three and 16 years and persisted into adult life. Calcification almost exclusively involved the lower limbs particularly around the knee and above the ankle. In the three polyostotic cases rapid and gross extentsion of the cartilaginous component of the disease occurred at the time of the adolescent growth spurt. When present in a patient with fibrous dysplasia the appearance are typical and signify and associated benign enchondromatous process. No suspicion of chondrosarcoma should arise. PMID- 7296228 TI - Lacrimal gland tumours: the role of CT and conventional radiology. AB - The X-ray features of 66 lacrimal gland tumours, comprising 32 benign pleomorphic adenomas, 24 carcinomas and ten lymphomas, are reviewed. The role of radiology in the management of these patients is discussed. Although lacrimal gland tumours present no unique radiological appearances, the diagnosis and pathological type may be suggested by a combination of conventional radiography and CT scan. It is important to distinguish the pleomorphic adenoma clinically and radiologically from other lesions of the lacrimal gland, since this tumour must be excised in toto. Incisional biopsy or partial removal may result in a disastrous recurrence with seeding into bone and soft tissue. X-ray signs of malignancy in lacrimal gland tumours include invasion and sclerosis of the adjacent bone of the lacrimal fossa, calcification in the tumour and extension outside the lacrimal gland area shown on CT scan. The pre-operative diagnosis of malignancy was improved from 42% to 73% by CT. Indentation or enlargement of the lacrimal fossa was seen in 80% of benign pleomorphic adenomas. Although nonspecific, this sign in a patient with a painless lacrimal gland swelling of over 12 months' duration, without radiological evidence of malignancy, is strongly indicative of a benign tumour. PMID- 7296229 TI - Computed tomography in the localization of aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenomas. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to detect both adrenal glands in 88.5% of upper abdominal examinations and can visualize at least one gland in 96.5% of patients. However, in examinations carried out specifically to visualize the adrenals, the glands were located in 98% of cases. This technique was used in 18 patients with primary aldosteronism to localize aldosterone-secreting adrenal tumours and to distinguish these from non-adenomas (bilateral adrenal hyperplasia). The results were compared with quadric analysis, a statistical technique used to predict the likely surgical outcome. In seven patients the CT results were verified by operation (six adenomas, one adrenal hypertrophy). However, in one further patient a large adenoma (20 mm in diameter) which had not been predicted by CT scanning was found at operation. In the remaining ten patients who have been medically treated, results concordant with quadric analysis were obtained in eight cases. We would suggest that CT scanning should be the initial investigation for the pre-operative localization of adenomas but further comparative studies are required. PMID- 7296230 TI - The value of transfontanellar ultrasound in infants. AB - We report here our experiences over the past two years of using transfontanellar ultrasound to image the infant brain. A consecutive series of 15 examinations has been analysed retrospectively, with particular reference to the clinical indications and accuracy of the technique. Correlation with computed tomography (CT) has been found to be excellent, and the availability of ultrasound has led to a reduction in the proportion of patients receiving CT scans. Ultrasound has directly influenced clinical management and has emerged as the primary imaging procedure for the brain in infants under three months of age. PMID- 7296231 TI - An evaluation of CT systems from ten manufactures. AB - During the past three years, 23 computerized tomography (CT) machines from ten different manufacturers located in Europe and the USA have been evaluated. Using the same set of phantoms and measurement techniques, performance data have been derived including noise, uniformity of CT numbers, low contrast detectability, spatial resolution, modulation transfer function, effective photon energy and linearity of CT numbers. Thermoluminescent and film dosimetry were used to determine single-slice dose profiles at the periphery and centre of specialized anthropomorphic phantoms. The results of this study are presented in tabular and graphical form together with some general conclusions on their implications. PMID- 7296232 TI - Conformation therapy at the Royal Free Hospital. A progress report on the tracking cobalt project. AB - A computer-controlled tracking cobalt unit (CCTCU) was commissioned for treating patients in January 1980. The system has proved to be reliable and acceptable in routine use for conventional and conformation therapy. The system comprises a modified TEM MS90 Mobaltron, a Hewlett-Packard System 1000 Model 30 mini-computer and user programmes. Tracking techniques are suitable for the treatment of tumours of the oesophagus, thyroid, bronchus, chains of lymph nodes or medulloblastoma. Tumours 85 cm long can be treated at the isocentre. The high dose volume may be considerably reduced when tracking techniques are used instead of conventional techniques. The major obstacle to the routine use of conformation therapy is treatment planning. Work in progress is designed to produce a computerized planning system linking a CT scanner and the CCTCU. It is expected that the system will produce both a plan optimized in 3-D and the necessary control data in machine readable form within an hour of a patient being scanned. The present planning system is based on a Rad-8 planning system and an Alderson phantom to verify the dose distribution in 3-D. An outline of the tracking technique is given. The computer control system is described briefly, with its methods of use for treating patients. Brief reverence is made to work at other centres using conformation therapy. PMID- 7296233 TI - Turnover of proliferative cells in the spinal cord after X irradiation and its relation to time-dependent repair of radiation damage. AB - The changes in labelling index of neuroglial cells of the rat cervical cord following 20 Gy X rays are compared with the timing and pattern of the repair of radiation damage in the spinal cord. The start of time-dependent repair coincides with the release of the proliferative neuroglia from a block at the G1/S border. The evidence suggests that the time-dependent repair reflects the normal unstimulated proliferation of the surviving neuroglial cells and that homeostatically stimulated recruitment to the proliferative neuroglia does not occur until the period just before the development of paralysis. A normal cell cycle time of about one month for the spinal cord neuroglia is indicated from the observed pattern of labelling. PMID- 7296234 TI - Thermal resistance in a spontaneous murine tumour. AB - Resistance to subsequent hyperthermia as a result of prior heating was investigated using a spontaneous murine tumour implanted into the feet of C3H/Sed mice. Tumours were treated by immersing the tumour-bearing foot into a constant temperature hot water bath set at 45.5 degrees C and were given single and split doses of heat. Response was assessed using a tumour-growth time assay. Three aspects of thermally-induced resistance were particularly considered: the time course of development and decay; the importance of the magnitude of the priming dose and the influence of the size of the tumour at the time of treatment. Substantial resistance was induced in this tumour by short priming doses at 45.5 degrees C, rising rapidly 1-2 days after the first treatment and then starting to decay. There was no significant difference in the kinetics of thermal resistance induced in tumours treated at 4mm and those treated at 8 mm in size, although the large tumours were more sensitive to single doses of heat. Increasing the magnitude of the priming dose of heat resulted in an increase in the magnitude of resistance to the second dose. The results of this study are compared with results of similar studies in this and other laboratories using murine normal tissues and cells in culture. Possible clinical implications are considered. PMID- 7296235 TI - Comparison of protocols in the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction in gated blood-pool scintigraphy. PMID- 7296236 TI - An evaluation of count rate losses due to dead time in static and mobile gamma camera data analysis systems. AB - The count rate responses of a gamma camera and data analysis system have been shown to behave as two separate components. Five systems made up of combinations of two static gamma cameras, two data analysis systems, and a mobile gamma camera system were investigated. Camera and data analysis system dead times are quoted and percentage corrections are plotted against radioactivity of 99 Tcm in a patient phantom within the field of view. It is recommended that such a detailed study should be performed for any gamma camera system as part of a quality assurance programme. PMID- 7296237 TI - CT scan appearances in a patient with lipoid proteinosis. PMID- 7296238 TI - Recurrent non-surgical pneumoperitoneum due to spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 7296239 TI - Iatrogenic (self-induced) wet beri-beri. PMID- 7296240 TI - Technetium 99m-diethyl-IDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the pre-operative diagnosis of choledochal cyst. PMID- 7296241 TI - A case of aneurysm of the splenic artery visualized by dynamic ultrasonography. PMID- 7296242 TI - Use of ultrasound to measure the lumbar spinal canal. PMID- 7296243 TI - Early versus delayed cholecystectomy: the effect of a change in management. AB - After a controlled trial, conservative treatment followed by delayed operation was replaced by early operation as the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis. Results before and after this change were compared. The comparison confirmed that early cholecystectomy leads to more rapid recovery and to less time spent in hospital. There was no significant difference between the two procedures in the duration of operation and the incidence of wound infection. Early operation caused fewer biliary fistulas and was accompanied by a lower mortality. PMID- 7296244 TI - Choledochoduodenostomy in calculous biliary tract disease. AB - During a 14-year period ending in June 1979, 342 patients with calculous biliary disease underwent choledochoduodenostomy either as a primary procedure or during reoperation. Eighty per cent of the patients were aged 50 years or more. Follow up was either by personal interview and physical examination or by means of a questionnaire, 90 per cent of the patients being assessed at periods ranging from 6 months to 14 years. A high incidence of common bile duct dilatation was found in older patients, in patients with a long history and in patients submitted to reoperation. There were no operative deaths. Postoperative complications occurred in 22 cases (6.4 per cent) and, in particular, no patient developed ascending cholangitis or symptoms related to the "blind segment". Choledochoduodenostomy is a valuable and safe procedure and can be used on wide indications, especially where peroperative cholangiography is not available. PMID- 7296245 TI - Radionuclide biliary scanning in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7296246 TI - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to a gastrin-producing ovarian cystadenocarcinoma. PMID- 7296247 TI - Radical resection for cancer of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus with repair by stomach transposition. AB - The results of 58 consecutive cases of pharyngolaryngo-oesophagectomy and pharyngogastric anastomosis are presented. The Grey Turner technique is used, but modified by adding bilateral chest drainage established by guidance from below the diaphragm and a jejunostomy. The immediate postoperative therapy management of hypocalcaemia with calcium gluconate and long term control with calciferol is described. An overall 3-year survival rate of 29 per cent has been obtained. Seven patients survived longer than 7 years, the longest living over 10 years. The authors conclude that, with careful management this technique is within the compass of competent surgeons with good facilities and should be the surgical treatment of choice for these difficult tumours. PMID- 7296248 TI - Assessment of aorto-iliac disease by non-invasive quantitative Doppler waveform analysis. PMID- 7296249 TI - A retrospective review of 89 stab wounds to the abdomen and chest. AB - This study compared the admission findings in 89 stab victims with the subsequent severity of their injury. The majority of patients were young males who arrived at hospital after 2300 h on a Friday, Saturday or Sunday and had consumed alcohol prior to admission. The presence of "clinical shock" or absent bowel sounds was invariably associated with significant injury. However, 64 of the 89 patients in this study had a normal blood pressure and audible bowel sounds at the time of admission. Thirty of the 64 patients had also suffered significant injury, which frequently was a perforated viscus. A diagnostic laparotomy should be readily performed in such patients in view of the high incidence of occult injury. Experienced anaesthetic support is necessary to ensure a low mortality from the actual laparotomy. PMID- 7296250 TI - Lymphangioma of the pancreas masquerading as acute appendicitis and torsion of the left testis. PMID- 7296251 TI - Ramstedt's operation. PMID- 7296252 TI - Subacute Wernicke's encephalopathy due to gastric syphilis. AB - In a patient who presented with subacute Wernicke's encephalopathy the underlying gastric lesion was found to be due to syphilis. PMID- 7296253 TI - Osteitis in early syphilis. A case report. AB - Osteitis of the tibia was diagnosed in a patient presenting with secondary syphilis. The course of the illness indicates that pain in bones in secondary syphilis may be the first symptom of an otherwise inapparent osteitis. PMID- 7296254 TI - Cytological and histopathological abnormalities of the cervix in genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections. AB - Since genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis may be associated with cervical abnormalities 160 patients with grandular ectopia attending a gynaecological outpatient clinic were examined for antibodies against C trachomatis, the presence of C trachomatis infection, and cytological and histopathological abnormalities of the cervix.A significantly higher incidence of histological dysplasia was found in women with glandular ectopia who had antichlamydial antibodies than in those without. PMID- 7296255 TI - Genitourinary infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. AB - Ureaplasma urealyticum was detected in the cervix of 49.9% and in the urine of 47.7% of women attending a department of genitourinary medicine. Isolation of U urealyticum was not related to diagnosis, nor was there any association between the presence of the organism and any symptoms or signs of genital tract disease. Fewer organisms were detected in the cervix of women who had a concurrent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis than in women who had not. A pathological role for U urealyticum has not been established. PMID- 7296256 TI - Ophthalmia neonatorum due to Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis. Case reports. AB - In two cases of conjunctivitis in neonates Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis was identified as the causative organism. A misdiagnosis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum would have been made in both cases if the diagnosis had been based on morphological grounds alone. Thus, full identification of the pathogen in cases of neonatal conjunctivitis is important to avoid the medical and social consequences of a misdiagnosis of gonorrhoea. PMID- 7296257 TI - A new type of lesion-induced synaptogenesis: I. Synaptic turnover in non denervated zones of the dentate gyrus in young adult rats. AB - It is well established that partial denervation causes the formation of new synapses within denervated areas. It is also possible that synapse formation and remodeling occurs outside denervated zones. In this study we evaluate this possibility by examining the effect of a unilateral entorhinal lesion on the number and characteristics of synapses in non-denervated zones of the dentate gyrus within the hippocampal formation. A unilateral entorhinal lesion massively denervates the outer two-thirds of the ipsilateral dentate molecular layer and also causes a minor loss of synapses in the outer two-thirds of the contralateral dentate molecular layer. The inner one-third of the molecular layer is not denervated on either side. In the ipsilateral inner molecular layer the number of synapses rapidly decreases by about 20% and recovers by 10 days post-lesion. Similarly, in the contralateral inner molecular layer, synapses are lost and replaced, but the time course is slower. Loss is maximal at 60 days post-lesion and this recovers by 180 days post-lesion. Thus, a complete cycle of turnover occurs in both of the inner molecular layers. No degenerating terminals of any type were seen throughout the time course in these layers. Small synapses with non-complex synaptic junctions appear to account for most of the changes. Also the outer two-thirds of the contralateral molecular layer, which has lost less than 5% of its input, loses about 37% of its synapses and replaces the majority of them over time. However, the total number of synapses in the contralateral molecular layer never fully attains the value of unoperated animals. The total synaptic population reaches a value such that the ipsilateral and contralateral molecular layers are nearly equivalent. These changes, achieved through synaptic turnover, may represent a homeostatic response to nearby denervation which may facilitate restoration of bilateral function in the dentate gyrus. PMID- 7296258 TI - Nerve growth from nodes of Ranvier in inactive muscle. AB - Paralysis of mouse gluteus maximus muscles with botulinum toxin not only evoked the expected sprouting from nerve terminals but also induced growth from some nodes of Ranvier close to the endplate region. This finding shows that nerve degeneration is not essential for nodal sprouting and supports the hypothesis that inactive muscle liberates a motor nerve growth factor. PMID- 7296259 TI - In vivo recording of the ocular circadian rhythm in Aplysia. AB - A circadian rhythm in optic nerve impulse frequency was recorded in vivo from unrestrained Aplysia. The mean free-running period (23.9 h) and phase angle for entrainment to light cycles are comparable to values estimated from isolated eyes. The circadian waveform of eyes recorded in vivo is irregular and thus similar to eyes recorded in vitro with the cerebral ganglion attached. However, optic nerve activity recorded in vivo differs from in vitro records in that efferent modulation of afferent impulse patterning is intermittent and is usually associated with the initiation of head or body movements. PMID- 7296260 TI - The effects of noxious heat on responses of spinocervical units to low intensity cutaneous stimuli. AB - The responses of spinocervical neurons to sinusoidal hair displacements were studied during and in the absence of radiant heating of parts of the hindpaw to noxious levels (45-65 degrees C). Noxious heat usually increased background discharge and lowered the signal-to-noise ratio at low frequencies of hair displacement. At higher frequencies over 20 Hz, this ratio was slightly depressed for half of the cells, and dramatically increased for the others. Similar effects were found when the heating was off the receptive field for hair displacement, which suggests a central cause for these effects. PMID- 7296261 TI - A new type of lesion-induced synaptogenesis: II. The effect of aging on synaptic turnover in non-denervated zones. AB - Partial denervation of the dentate molecular layer causes sprouting and reinnervation by undamaged afferents within the denervated zones of young adult animals and to a lesser extent in aged animals. We have previously reported a non degenerative remodeling of the dentate molecular layer in areas outside the primary denervated zone of young adult rats after a unilateral entorhinal lesion. In this study, we evaluate the response of aged rats under the same conditions, to see if aged animals also respond to injury in non-denervated zones. After a unilateral entorhinal lesion, the outer two-thirds of the ipsilateral dentate molecular layer loses about 85% of its input, while the outer two-thirds of the contralateral molecular layer loses less than 5% of its input (crossed temporo dentate path). Denervation does not occur in the inner one-third of the molecular layer on either side. Within the ipsilateral inner molecular layer, the synaptic density rapidly drops 21% in the absence of degeneration and then recovers by 10 days post-lesion, as is the case in young adult animals. On the contralateral side, young adult animals show synapse turnover similar to the ipsilateral inner molecular layer. In contrast, no significant response in the total synaptic density was observed in the non-denervated contralateral inner molecular layer or the partially denervated outer two-thirds of the contralateral molecular layer. Thus, in aged animals, synaptic turnover is restricted to the massively denervated ipsilateral side. The small loss of input to the contralateral side apparently is not sufficient to initiate quantifiable turnover of synaptic contacts. This steady-state situation may be the result of an on-going stabilization of neuronal circuitry, which may limit restoration of function after injury in aged animals. PMID- 7296262 TI - Contrasting neuronal activity in the ipsilateral and contralateral supplementary motor areas in relation to a movement of monkey's distal hindlimb. AB - Recordings were made from the supplementary motor areas in both cortical hemispheres of a monkey trained to press a foot pedal. As a result of appropriate limb fixation, the movement was performed with activity predominantly in distal muscles of the right hindlimb. Forty-three percent of contralateral neurons showed movement-related activity. In contrast, only 9% of ipsilateral neurons were active and magnitudes of their activity were smaller. PMID- 7296263 TI - The behavior of the vestibulo-ocular reflex at high velocities of head rotation. AB - The behavior of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during both passive and active, high-velocity head movements was recorded in three normal subjects. We found that the VOR is compensatory for head velocities up to at least 350 deg . s-1, during both active and passive head rotation provided there is an attempt to visualize a real (or imagined) stationary object in space. Slow phase velocities, however, could reach values as high as 500 deg . s-1. Furthermore, during passive rotation at high velocities, the quick phase trajectory is modified--indicating an interaction between the slow phase and quick phase eye velocity commands. PMID- 7296264 TI - Extrastriate cortical areas activated during visual discrimination in man. AB - The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 254 different regions of the human extrastriate cerebral cortex during rest and during visual shape discrimination. Visual shape discrimination increased the rCBF markedly in the frontal eye fields, the upper part of the prefrontal cortex, the lateral occipital cortex and the superior parietal cortex. Moderate increases of rCBF appeared in the inferotemporal cortex, the parietotemporo-occipital region and scattered in the lateral part of the prefrontal cortex. PMID- 7296265 TI - Estradiol treatment decreases type A and increases type B monoamine oxidase in specific brain stem areas and cerebellum of ovariectomized rats. AB - Ovariectomized rats were given either acute (50 micrograms 12 h or 24 h before sacrifice) or chronic (2 micrograms/day for one month) subcutaneous administration of 17 beta-estradiol. The activities of both type A and type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the cerebellum and in the areas A1, A2, and locus coeruleus of the brain stem were determined. The activity of type B MAO was increased by acute and chronic estrogen treatment in the different areas studied, whereas that of type A MAO did not change in the areas A1 and A2 and was decreased in the locus coeruleus and the cerebellum. These results indicate a discriminative action of estrogens on different forms of monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7296266 TI - Reduction of feeding in rats by calcitonin. AB - Administration of parenteral and intracerebroventricular calcitonin resulted in suppression of stress-induced and spontaneous eating in rats. Calcitonin also reversed calcium chloride-induced eating and reduced 45Ca2+-uptake in a hypothalamic explant system. The mechanism of calcitonin-induced food suppression may be related to an alteration in calcium flux by neuronal tissue. PMID- 7296267 TI - Role of the lateral habenula in modulating nigral and striatal in vivo [3H]serotonin release in the cat. PMID- 7296268 TI - The histochemical localization of GABA-transaminase in the efferents of the striatum. AB - The striatum is known to contain GABA neurons projecting to the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. Following lesions of striatal neurons with kainic acid, we have observed a decrease in the histochemically detectable activity of GABA-transaminase, the enzyme responsible for GABA catabolism, in both the striatum and in those areas to which it is known to send GABA projections. These results suggest that GABA-transaminase may be contained in striatal GABA neurons and thus that GABA-transaminase histochemistry may be a useful adjunct to the biochemical demonstration of GABA pathways in the brain. PMID- 7296269 TI - A hyperpolarizing GABA response associated with a conductance decrease. PMID- 7296270 TI - Morphine reinforces post-discharge inhibition of alpha-motoneurons in man. AB - Morphine chlorhydrate (0.25 mg/kg)produced a significant and constant reinforcement of post-discharge inhibition of alpha-motoneurons in both normal and paraplegic humans. This effect was reversed by naloxone hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg). These data do not allow to differentiate the effects of morphine on recurrent inhibition and on A.H.P. PMID- 7296271 TI - Opiate rewarding action: independence of the cells of the lateral hypothalamus. AB - The posterior lateral hypothalamic area has been suggested as a possible site of action for the reinforcing effects of opiates on the basis of the finding that rats would lever-press for direct microinjections of opiates into this region. The present study reports the effects of kainic acid-induced lateral hypothalamic cell loss on the intravenous self-administration of heroin. Kainic acid injection resulted in marked cellular depletion yet failed to alter heroin self administration. PMID- 7296272 TI - Locus coeruleus stimulation potentiates Purkinje cell responses to afferent input: the climbing fiber system. AB - In cerebellum, the evoked responses of the Purkinje cell to both excitatory and inhibitory afferent input have previously been shown to be enhanced by local iontophoresis of norepinephrine (NE). The influence of locus coeruleus (LC) conditioning stimulation on Purkinje cell responses to climbing fiber input was examined to determine whether endogenous NE, released from synaptic terminals, could exert similar potentiative effects. Stimulation of LC, at intensities which by themselves were subthreshold for directly affecting background activity, markedly enhanced complex spike excitation of Purkinje cells elicited by activation of climbing fiber inputs from sensorimotor cortex. Depressant responses observed after complex spike excitation were also augmented by the LC conditioning. Iontophoretic application of sotalol, a specific beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, reversibly antagonized this facilitation of climbing fiber evoked responses. In addition, the potentiative effects of LC stimulation were not observed after destruction of NE-containing axons and terminals in cerebellum by 6-OHDA. These results suggest that noradrenergic input from the LC can enhance the efficacy of climbing fiber synaptic action on the Purkinje cell, and are thus consistent with the hypothesis of a 'modulatory' role rather than a specific information transfer function for NE in cerebellum. PMID- 7296273 TI - Muscarinic supersensitivity induced by septal lesion or chronic atropine treatment. AB - Nine days after medial septal lesion a 20% increase in the number of muscarinic antagonist binding sites in rat hippocampus was observed without any change in the affinity for agonist or antagonist. Chronic atropine treatment (s.c. 5 mg/kg, twice a day for 14 days, 20 mg/kg once a day for 14 days or 100 mg/kg for 4 days and 20 mg/kg for 10 days, once daily) led to an increase in the number of muscarinic antagonist binding sites in rat hippocampus with 35, 80 and 80% respectively and also lowered the affinity for 3H-antagonists in a dose dependent manner. Agonist binding studies also indicated an increase in receptor number and a decrease in affinity. The latter change can possibly be explained by the presence of residual atropine 24 h after the last injection. If this is taken into account we may conclude that muscarinic supersensitivity evoked either by severing the input or by chronic pharmacologic blockade both produced "new receptors' with ligand binding properties similar to the original receptors. PMID- 7296274 TI - Excitatory projection from the interpeduncular nucleus to central superior raphe neurons. AB - The projection from the interpeduncular nucleus (IP) to the central superior raphe nucleus (CS) was studied using electrophysiologic methods. IP stimulation generates monosynaptic EPSPs in a large number of CS neurons studied with latency of 1-2 ms. Intracellular peroxidase injections into CS neurons responding to IP shock confirmed the location and somatic origin of intracellular potentials. These findings document the existence of a direct excitatory projection from IP onto CS neurons. PMID- 7296275 TI - Cortical neurons in and around the Clare-Bishop area related with lens accommodation in the cat. AB - Single-unit discharges in the cat Clare-Bishop area were correlated with spontaneous accommodation responses. No appreciable change was found in accommodation responses evoked by stimulating the Clare-Bishop area, when cerebellar outflow was blocked reversibly by cooling the superior cerebellar peduncle. It is suggested, therefore, that the Clare-Bishop area plays an important role in the lens accommodation system through a pathway independent from that of the cerebellum. PMID- 7296276 TI - Polydipsia and abolition of angiotensin-induced drinking after transections of subfornical organ efferent projections in the rat. AB - Rats with transections of subfornical organ (SFO) efferent projections failed to drink to intravenous angiotensin-II (AII) but responded to intracellular dehydration and water deprivation and suppressed drinking when food deprived. However, the transected rats were polydipsic and polyuric. Thus SFO efferent projections mediate AII-induced drinking and may be involved in the regulation of body fluid balance. PMID- 7296278 TI - Optic fiber segregation in goldfish with two eyes innervating one tectal lobe. AB - An ipsilateral retinotectal projection was induced by ablating one tectal lobe. Radioautography indicated that the ipsilateral that the ipsilateral projection initially spread out continuously over the remaining tectal lobe. With time, the continuous projection progressively changed into a rostrocaudally oriented banded projection that was comprised of high and low silver grain density bands. The undamaged native projection from the contralateral eye also became transformed into high and low density bands. The results indicate that foreign fibers displace portions of the native projection. Complete segregation of the two projections was not found at any time point examined. Low density bands did not represent spillover of label from a high density band since cobalt-filled optic fibers were found in low density bands. Quantitative analysis indicated that the contralateral projection occupied more tectal area than the ipsilateral projection. Area occupied by a projection, band width and band frequency showed appreciable between-fish variability. Correlations between band width and per cent of area occupied by a projection approached unity, indicating that large projections were isolated with wider bands. A model is proposed to account for induced banding in lower vertebrates. PMID- 7296277 TI - Studies on the indirect feedback inhibition of cholinergic neurons triggered by oxotremorine in striatum. AB - Oxotremorine produced 30-75% increases in rat striatal acetylcholine content and 10-15% decreases in choline content at the subtremorogenic doses of 0.34-1.34 mumol/kg, without affecting choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities and the sodium-dependent high affinity uptake of choline. The increase in acetylcholine was blocked by atropine and by reserpine indicating that oxotremorine indirectly influences the intrinsic striatal cholinergic neurons through a monoamine-mediated negative feedback loop. Experiments designed to interfere with neurotransmitter function indicated that noradrenaline and not dopamine or serotonin, mediated the response to oxotremorine. PMID- 7296279 TI - Prefrontal unit activity during delayed conditional discriminations in the monkey. AB - Single unit activity was recorded from the prefrontal cortex (principalis, arcuate and inferior convexity areas) of the monkey while the animal was performing a delayed conditional discrimination task. Sequential events of the task were as follows: instructional cue presentation, 1st delay, presentation of two pattern stimuli on left and right windows respectively as a discriminative cue, 2nd delay and choice response to the left or right window. The positive pattern was dependent on the instructional cue. In total, 424 units obtained from two monkeys showed a correlation with some aspects of the task. Of these 424 task related units, 169 differential between the instructional cues and/or the discriminative cues. The majority of these differential units (n = 123) were found to be related to spatial information processing (related to the side of the response) while 19 differential units were related to non-spatial information processing (related to the color or pattern configuration of the cue). The activity of the remaining 27 differential units was considered to be related to both spatial and non-spatial information processing (related to both the instructional cue and the side of the response) and this type of unit was shown to be involved in conditional information processing. The results indicate that prefrontal units may be related to the meaning of the stimulus independent of its physical properties. PMID- 7296281 TI - Identification of myosin in isolated synaptic junctions. AB - A monospecific antibody prepared against chicken gizzard myosin reacted with only one peptide corresponding to myosin heavy chain (Mr = 200,000) in gels of synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) and synaptic junctions (SJ) prepared from several species. Preadsorption of antisera with purified brain myosin eliminated antibody reactivity to SPMs and SJs. SJs were found to contain approximately 3 times the concentration of myosin found in SPMs when assayed by an indirect immunoradiometric assay. Postsynaptic density and myelin fractions contained no myosin detectable by immunoradiometric assay, antibody binding to gels, or Coomassie blue staining. The band identified as myosin in SJ fraction yielded peptide fingerprints indistinguishable from fingerprints of purified brain myosin but distinct from fingerprints of purified smooth and skeletal muscle myosins. The distribution of exogenous [125I]myosin during subcellular fractionation indicated that myosin in isolated synaptic junction could not have resulted from artifactual re-distribution of soluble myosin. Together these results show that a non-muscle myosin is an endogenous component of CNS asymmetric synapses. PMID- 7296280 TI - Kinetics of 210Pb entry into the endoneurium. AB - Alteration in the blood-nerve barrier may be of primary importance in the development of experimental lead neuropathy. Using quantitative track autoradiography, we have directly demonstrated that there is a 15-fold increase in the rate of 210Pb accumulation in the endoneurium 70 days after the onset of chronic intoxication. This change in rate coincides with the appearance of edema but occurs later than the previously demonstrated total endoneurial lead accumulation and later than the onset of segmental demyelination suggesting that, in addition to rate of entry, binding within and exit from this compartment are important determinant of endoneurial lead concentration. PMID- 7296282 TI - An autoradiographic determination of the efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. AB - The efferent projections of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) have been investigated by the use of the anterograde autoradiographic technique. The majority of the fiber connections from SCN are to hypothalamic nuclei. The dorsal and periventricular parvocellular divisions of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the medial part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus receive dense fiber projections. Also, fibers about the medial parvocellular division of PVN. Many descending fibers course into the retrochiasmatic area and pass to the ventral and medial borders of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, as well as through the central zone of this nucleus. A few fibers at the lateral border of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus sweep dorsomedially into the posterior hypothalamic area and midbrain central gray. The major extrahypothalamic projection is to the periventricular thalamic nucleus. PMID- 7296283 TI - A rapid method for preparing synaptosomes: comparison, with alternative procedures. AB - A method for the rapid (1-1.5 h) preparation of nerve ending particles (synaptosomes) from rat cerebral cortex is described. The synaptosome fraction has been characterized by quantitative electron microscopy and enzyme distribution studies. By these criteria, the fraction showed a degree of enrichment in synaptic structures which was comparable to that of the standard (4 5 h) preparation, and substantially better than an alternative fast (2-2.5 h) method. On incubation, synaptosomes obtained by the new procedure accumulated a high tissue concentration of potassium and showed a high, linear rate of oxygen uptake. Depolarization by veratrine caused a significant increase in the rate of respiration and in the release of the physiologically active amino acids; glutamate, aspartate and GABA, as well as a significant reduction in tissue potassium. Thus, the new procedure compared favourably with alternative methods as judged by these indices of metabolic and functional performance. The new preparation method has been found to be of value in metabolic studies of synaptosomes prepared from human post-mortem brain. PMID- 7296284 TI - Altered CNS neuroanatomical organization of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. AB - Compared to Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive control rats, spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats have significantly reduced brain weights (-10.6%) and brain volumes (-11.8%). Computerized morphometric analysis of soma cross sectional areas of single neurons in 12 selected hypothalamic regions revealed significant differences between SHR and WKY animals. Neurons from the periventricular, medial and lateral preoptic nuclei and ventromedial hypothalamus show significantly increased soma cross-sectional areas in SHR animals when compared to normotensive controls. Cells located in the two circumventricular organs, organ vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) and subfornical organ (SFO), also showed significantly greater cross-sectional areas in the SHR. In contrast, neurons in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei and dorsomedial hypothalamus were significantly smaller in spontaneously hypertensive rats when compared to normotensive controls. Only neurons in supraoptic nucleus, lateral and anterior hypothalamus have equivalent cross-sectional areas in WKY and SHR animals. Differences also exist in the number of cells in certain nuclei in SHR animals. Cell densities in periventricular preoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, ventromedial and anterior hypothalamus, organ vasculosum lamina terminalis and subfornical organ were reduced in SHR animals compared to WKY controls. Because of decreased brain weight and volume along with observed morphometric differences in individual neuronal soma size and cell densities, it is suggested that the SHR brain differs significantly from normotensive control rats. The differences may underlie some of the abnormalities in cardiovascular and endocrine regulation associated with neurogenic hypertension. PMID- 7296285 TI - Inhibition of sympathetic activity by stimulating in the raphe nuclei and the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine in this effect. AB - The possibility that the putative transmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is involved in the mediation of long latency to onset raphe-spinal inhibition of sympathetic preganglionic neurones was investigated in anaesthetized cats by stimulating sites located in nucleus raphe pallidus and obscurus and recording sympathetic discharge in T3 or T10 white rami evoked either reflexively or by intraspinal stimulation at cervical level. Several putative 5-HT antagonists were administered intravenously (i.v.) or topically to the spinal cord. In 7 cats lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in a dose range 25-50 microgram/kg i.v. or 0.6 microgram topically, reversibly reduced the raphe spinal inhibition by 40-100%. Topical application was more effective than i.v. administration. In 5 cats stimulating within the ventromedial reticular formation at sites unlikely to involved 5-HT neurones produced a short latency to onset inhibition which was unaffected by LSD. Methysergide, cinanserin and cyproheptadine depressed sympathetic discharge in the absence of brain stimulation in cats with CNS intact and in unanaesthetized decerebrate spinal cats. The results are discussed in the light of the known actions of the putative 5-HT antagonists. PMID- 7296286 TI - Cultured embryonic retinae transplanted to rat brain: differentiation and formation of projections to host superior colliculus. AB - Retinae of rats on embryonic day 14 were placed in explant culture for 2-14 days prior to transplantation adjacent to the superior colliculus of newborn rats. In explant culture cell division and neuronal differentiation continued unabated. One month after transplantation host brains were examined for transplant survival, differentiation and formation of projections to the host brain. The cultured retinal transplants survived and developed a morphology typical of mature retina, with normal cell and fiber laminae present. HRP injections into the host superior colliculus labeled neurons in the ganglion cell layer of the transplant which closely resembled ganglion cells in vivo. A small number of transplants received lesions. Degeneration material was traced into the superior colliculus and pretectal nuclei confirming that the cultured transplants had projections appropriate for retina entering the host brain. These results correlate closely with those seen after transplantation of embryonic rat retinae that had not been cultured. Thus, a period of explant culture of up to two weeks does not affect the ability of embryonic retinal transplants to differentiate and form projections into the host brain. PMID- 7296287 TI - The development of the cholinergic system in rat hippocampus following postnatal x-irradiation. AB - Postnatal X-irradiation of the rat hippocampus results in a marked reduction in the number of the postnatally developing granular neurons in the dentate gyrus and also caused a marked increase in the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and a slight but consistent increase in the activity per whole hippocampus of AChE. The effect of irradiation on the granular neurons and on the cholinergic enzymes was found to be dose and age dependent. Drastic increase in specific enzymatic activities is also observed in the irradiated cerebellum whose granular neurons differentiate postnatally and to a lesser extent in the cerebral cortex in which cell formation is accomplished prior to birth. Staining for AChE activity revealed enhanced staining in the molecular layer and the hilar zone of the irradiated dentate gyrus, and in the striatum lucidum of area CA3 which corresponds to the projection area of the mossy fibers. Enhanced staining in area CA1 and subiculum was noticed especially in the supra- and infrapyramidal layers. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that AChE and CAT activities were 140-180% higher in the subareas of the irradiated vs non-irradiated hippocampus. The development and distribution of the postsynaptic muscarinic receptors in the irradiated hippocampus by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB)-binding were also studied. It was found that the elimination of the postnatally formed neurons does not appear to change the developmental pattern of the [3H]QNB-binding sites but reduced receptor level to about 75% of control to adulthood. Measurements of the [3H]QNB binding in the subareas within the hippocampus revealed marked reduction in the specific [3H]QNB-binding in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus but not in other subareas. However, the reduction in [3H]QNB-binding sites in the dentate is not as drastic as the reduction in the number of granular neurons. It is suggested that muscarinic sites may be located on early formed neurons, non cholinergic afferents, or glial elements in this area. PMID- 7296288 TI - Supersensitivity time course of dopamine antagonist binding after nigrostriatal denervation: evidence for early and drastic changes in the rat corpus striatum. AB - The sensitivity of the [3H]haloperidol binding technique can be greatly increased by focusing tissue sampling on striatal regions where dopaminergic innervation is the richest. Such sampling is provided from pooled microdiscs punched out of 8 serial 500 micrometer thick sections of the rat brain. With these conditions, the density of receptor sites (Bmax) was found to be twice that of the whole striatum, without modification of the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) and of the Hill's slope. Such a procedure applied to rats with complete 6 hydroxydopamine-induced unilateral nigrostriatal lesions showed a moderate decrease in Bmax in the lesioned side up to 6 days after surgery, whereafter the value of Bmax increased progressively up to the thirtieth day, being then 160% over the control value. Conversely, the apparent Kd decreased significantly from the second to the sixth day postsurgery in the lesioned side, and then increased moderately up to the tenth day and drastically from the twenty-first to the thirtieth day. No change was observed in the corresponding intact side. The modifications appeared chronologically compatible with those corresponding to the behavioral denervation supersensitivity, evidencing drastic binding changes as compared with the whole striatum. The unexpected variations in Kd observed were well correlated with those in Bmax, suggesting that the new available binding sites might be of lower affinity. In the light of all these results, a hypothetical model is proposed. PMID- 7296289 TI - Lipid metabolism and oxygen consumption in a hereditary demyelinating neuropathy, the trembler mouse: an in vitro study. AB - Sciatic nerves from 15-day-old trembler and control mice were maintained in vitro up to 53 h and the metabolism of myelin lipids and the oxygen consumption were investigated [35S]Sulfate was incorporated into sulfatides at a higher rate and turned over more rapidly in trembler nerves than in controls. [14C]Galactose was incorporated into cerebrosides of trembler nerves at a lower rate and turned over like the controls. In contrast, synthesis of sulfatides labeled with [14]galactose was increased in mutants and no significant turnover was observed for both trembler and control nerves during the whole incubation period. Similar results were obtained using [3H]serine as a precursor and no significant differences were observed in the turnover rates of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine between trembler and control nerves. These data suggest the presence of two different pools of cerebrosides, a small one formed by the fast recycling of sulfatides and which does not mix with a second, larger one. The rate of oxygen consumption did not change significantly during the incubation period and was 2-3-fold higher in trembler nerves than in controls, reflecting, at least partly, the increased sulfatide metabolism. PMID- 7296290 TI - Effect of oxotremorine on local cerebral glucose utilization in motor system regions of the rat brain. AB - The [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose technique was used to test the effects of central muscarinic stimulation on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in rats. Systemic administration of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine (OXO, 0.7 mg/kg, ip) increased LCGU in brain regions involved in motor function: the sensorimotor cortex; the extrapyramidal motor system, including the striatum, globus pallidus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, subthalamus and ventral nucleus of the thalamus; the cerebellar vermis, fastigial nucleus and nucleus interpositus; and the vestibular nucleus. No effects were observed in the fibers of the pyramidal tract, internal capsule, cerebellar white matter and the dentate nucleus. Increases were not affected by methylatropine (1 mg/kg sc), but were completely antagonized by scopolamine (2.5 mg/kg, ip). The anatomic distribution and magnitude of the LCGU response to OXO were not simply correlated with the reported densities of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 7296291 TI - The absence of nodal sprouts from partially denervated nerve trunks. AB - Nodal sprouts were absent from partially denervated, silver-stained, mouse superior gluteal (SG) nerves examined between 4 and 20 days after partial denervation. Nodal sprouts were also absent from electron micrographs of partially denervated SG nerves. We conclude that an earlier report describing profuse nodal sprouting in partially denervated nerve trunks mistakenly identified fine Schwann cell processes as nodal sprouts. PMID- 7296292 TI - Receptive field properties of rat ventral lateral geniculate cells projections to the superior colliculus. AB - Cells of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGV) in rats sending their axons to the superior colliculus (SC), were identified electrophysiologically as the ones responding antidromically to electrical stimulation of SC. They were located in the external part of LGV. Visual receptive fields of these cells were mostly of ON-tonic types and some of the movement-sensitive ones. Evidence was presented supporting existence of the reciprocal fiber connection between the LGV and the SC. PMID- 7296293 TI - Physiological and morphological characterization of anaxonic non-spiking interneurons in the crayfish motor control system. AB - Spike activation of the motoneurons innervating uropod muscles in crayfish is controlled by anaxonic interneurons located within the terminal (the 6th abdominal) ganglion. These neurons do not generate spikes either spontaneously at the resting potential level or in response to current injection of either polarity. Yet the change in the membrane potential of these non-spiking interneurons caused an increase or decrease in the discharge frequency of motoneuron spikes, depending upon the direction of the membrane potential change. These non-spiking interneurons within the terminal ganglion presumably integrate various descending command signals and select the adequate information to be gated to the motoneurons. PMID- 7296294 TI - Membrane characteristics of visual cortical neurons in in vitro slices. AB - In in vitro slices prepared from the visual cortex of cats a total of 15 neurons were studied for their membrane properties by passing currents through an intracellular microelectrode and by electrical stimulation of the white matter. Passive membrane properties (mean +/- S.D.): resting membrane potential, 58 +/- 10 mV; input resistance, 42.1 +/- 34.0 M omega; time constant, 9.0 +/- 3.6 ms. Some neurons showed a linear relationship between intensity of injected DC current and frequency of thereby induced discharges. PMID- 7296295 TI - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyl transferase in the cerebellum and posterior lateral line lobe of weakly electric fish (Gymnotidae). AB - Cholinesterase was demonstrated in the caudal lobe of the cerebellum but not the corpus cerebelli of weakly electric gymnotid fish. It had a patchy distribution in the granule cell layer and was very dense in the molecular layer; the cholinesterase staining was also dense in the contiguous molecular layer of the subjacent electrosensory region. Choline acetyltransferase was also found in far greater amounts within the electrosensory region and caudal lobe of the cerebellum than within the corpus cerebelli itself. PMID- 7296296 TI - Basal lamina deficiency in Schwann cells induced by beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) in rat dorsal root ganglion culture. AB - In cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) treated with beta aminopropionitrile (BAPN), the following abnormalities were observed. Abnormalities in the size and the shape of collagen fibers; longer periodicity of collagen fibers in BAPN (70 +/- 5 nm) than in control (66 +/- 6 nm) (P less than 0.025); lack of basal lamina of both unmyelinated and myelinated Schwann cells; and abundant amorphous materials in the interstitial area between fibroblasts or peripheral cells and Schwann cells associated with neurites. Detachment of the explant from the collagen substratum also occurred and showed dose dependency. In contrast to the alterations of connective tissue, the neurites were well preserved in this experimental regimen. PMID- 7296298 TI - Dose-dependent analgesic and hyperalgesic effects of systemic naloxone in arthritic rats. AB - The effects of various i.v. naloxone doses (10 microgram, 300 microgram, 600 microgram, 1 mg/kg) were studied upon vocalization threshold to foot-pressure in 30 normal rats and 70 rats with Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. In arthritic rats, the lowest naloxone doses yielded a clear increase in pressure required to trigger vocalization (i.e. were analgesic) while the highest dose (1 mg/kg) was hyperalgesic. In normal rats, naloxone never induced significant changes in the vocalization threshold. PMID- 7296297 TI - Direct retinal input to the limbic system of the rat. AB - Retinal projections in rats were studied using anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing and electron microscopic (EM) degeneration. HRP-labeled axons were observed to leave the optic tract in the vicinity of the lateral geniculate nucleus and enter the stria terminalis where they coursed anteriorly to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the anterodorsal (TAD) and anteroventral (TAV) thalamic nuclei. After enucleation, selected areas studied with EM confirmed that retinal presynaptic terminals are located in the BNST and TAV. These results support the finding of Conrad and Stumpf that the retina has a direct link to the limbic system. PMID- 7296299 TI - Supraspinal and segmental input to lumbar epaxial motoneurons in the rat. AB - Inputs to medial longissimus (ML) and lateral longissimus (LL) motoneurons were studied in urethane or urethane-chloralose anesthetized rats by recording from ML and LL nerves while stimulating ipsilateral lumbosacral dorsal roots, medial medullary reticular formation (RF), vestibular nuclei (VN), dorsal midbrain (MDBR), or ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Stimulation of appropriate dorsal roots produced short-latency responses (1.5-3.0 ms) in nerves to medial longissimus or lateral longissimus. The connections underlying these responses, which could be monosynaptic, are weak, since generally two or more stimuli were necessary for a response to occur. Short-latency LL nerve responses required more dorsal root stimuli than did ML nerve responses and stable LL responses sometimes could not be obtained, suggesting that segmental reflexes to a back muscle (LL) could be weaker than those to a proximal tail muscle (ML). Trains of conditioning stimuli delivered to the RF, VN, and MDBR facilitated segmental responses in ML nerves or LL nerves. Temporal profiles of facilitation of ML differed for the three regions. On one extreme, the facilitation produced by RF conditioning required few stimuli (median, 3 shocks) and peak facilitation occurred at short condition-test intervals (median, 1.5 ms). On the other extreme, facilitation produced by MDBR conditioning required long trains (median, 14 stimuli) and peak facilitation occurred at longer condition-test intervals (median, 10 ms). Stimulation within the VMH never facilitated ML or LL nerve activity. These results demonstrate excitatory connections from reticular formation, vestibular nuclei and the dorsal midbrain to medial longissimus and lateral longissimus. Such connections could be involved in behaviors mediated by midbrain, and in postural regulation through brain stem control of axial musculature. Motoneuron cell bodies for LL, ML and lumbar transversospinalis (TS) muscles were localized by ejecting dye at sites where unitary antidromic responses to muscle nerve stimulation were recorded extracellularly. ML cells were found ventrolaterally in the L6-S1 ventral horn. LL and TS cells were found medially in the ventral horn of the lumbar enlargement. PMID- 7296300 TI - A glial blood-brain barrier in elasmobranchs. AB - The blood-brain interface in elasmobranchs was examined using physiological and anatomical techniques. Electrolyte analyses of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in control fish and in fish with elevated plasma cation concentration (Ca, Mg or K) demonstrated homeostasis of CSF calcium and magnesium concentrations in dogfish and skates and of CSF potassium concentration in dogfish. In contrast, CSF potassium concentration was not regulated independent of plasma potassium concentration in skates. Ultrastructural examination of the blood-brain barrier in skates showed that brain capillaries are fenestrated and intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase penetrates readily across this endothelium into the basement membrane. Further penetration of tracer into the neuropil is prevented by tight junctions between perivascular glial cells. Results indicate that two hallmarks of the blood-brain barrier--impermeability and homeostatic transport systems--can be localized to the perivascular glial sheath in elasmobranchs. The functional and structural similarity of this glial membrane to a transporting epithelium is discussed. PMID- 7296301 TI - Raphe unit activity during REM sleep in normal cats and in pontine lesioned cats displaying REM sleep without atonia. AB - Previous studies have shown that the activity of serotonin-containing raphe neurons in cats is almost completely suppressed during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, since raphe unit activity is known to be grossly correlated with the level of behavioral arousal or tonic motor activity, this decrease in activity during REM sleep may be simply due to the fact that tonic EMG activity or motoric output is at a minimum. On the other hand, raphe unit activity may be related to the state (i.e. REM sleep) of the organism. To test these competing hypotheses, in the present study we compared raphe unit activity in normal cats with that in cats that display REM sleep without atonia (produced by bilateral lesions of the pontine tegmentum). These lesioned cats manifest episodes which, by all criteria, appear to be REM sleep except that they display overt behavior, presumably because the mechanism normally responsible for producing atonia has been disrupted. Although the activity of raphe neurons in lesioned cats during REM sleep without atonia was significantly below that seen in these cats during waking, the level of activity was often impressive. This is especially true when those animals that displayed the greatest degree of tonic motor activity during REM sleep (group IV animals) are considered separately. In these cats, the depression was only 40.5% below their quiet waking level, whereas in lesioned cats displaying less tonic motor activity (Group II animals), raphe discharge rate was 65.6% below their quiet waking level. The discharge rate of raphe neurons during REM sleep in lesioned cats was more than 6-fold greater than that seen in normal animals. These data, in conjunction with other recent results from our laboratory, suggest that the decrease in raphe unit activity during REM sleep is largely a concomitant of the atonia which characterizes that state. These data are discussed within the general context of the relationship between raphe unit discharge and the activity of central motor systems. PMID- 7296302 TI - Localization of retractor bulbi motoneurons in the rabbit. AB - Motoneurons innervating the rabbit retractor bulbi muscle have been identified by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following injection of HRP into single slips or all 4 slips of the retractor bulbi muscle, labeled motoneurons were consistently observed in the abducens (ABD) nucleus and in the accessory abducens (ACC) nucleus located ventral, lateral and rostral to the ABD. Axons from the ACC motoneurons could be seen to enter the VIth nerve. Injection of HRP into the lateral rectus muscle produced consistent labeling of motoneurons in the ABD nucleus overlapping the distribution of retractor bulbi motoneurons, but labeling was never observed in the ACC nucleus. The number of labeled ABD neurons after lateral rectus injections was far less (36%) than after injection into all 4 slips of the retractor bulbi muscle (72%). Injection of HRP into the superior oblique, superior rectus or medial rectus muscle produced labeling of motoneurons in the corresponding subdivisions of the oculomotor nucleus or trochlear nucleus but no labeled motoneurons were observed in either the ABD or ACC nuclei. Some highly inconsistent labeling of oculomotor nucleus was observed after retractor bulbi or lateral rectus muscle injections and this was judged to be due to intraorbital diffusion of the HRP. It was concluded that the retractor bulbi muscle is innervated by motoneurons located in both the ABD and ACC nuclei. PMID- 7296303 TI - Unit responses of intralaminar thalamus to midbrain and medullary stimulation and effects of conditioning caudate and hippocampal stimuli. AB - Single units responding to heterotopic somatic stimuli, on extracellular recording in thalamic intralaminar and neighbouring nuclei, also responding to stimulation of the midbrain tegmentum or the medullary magnocellular reticular formation. Consideration of response latencies suggested that some monosynaptic projections from both midbrain and medulla may be received in nuclei centralis lateralis, centrum medianum-parafascicularis complex, and medial ventralis lateralis. Responses to brainstem of nuclei medialis dorsalis, lateralis posterior were of considerably longer latency. There was no correlation between shortness of latency and following-rate of unit responses; the ability of intralaminar neurons to follow rapidly-repeated brainstem stimuli is inferred to be limited by inhibitory processes rather than by synaptic interruptions in the afferent pathway. Conditioning stimuli to caudate nucleus or hippocampus suppressed most intralaminar responses to midbrain stimuli, the shortest-latency responses included, suggesting that inhibitory effects could be exerted at the thalamic level, perhaps directly on the responsive neurone. PMID- 7296304 TI - Operant conditioning of trigeminal nuclear evoked potentials. AB - The purpose of this study was to demonstrate operant conditioning of potentials in the rat's trigeminal complex evoked by stimulation of the primary descending trigeminal tract. The amplitude of the prominent component of the potential, with a peak at 10 to 22 msec after the stimulus, was conditioned. Reinforcement was electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. A bidirectional conditioning paradigm was used to control for noncontingent effects of the reinforcer. Eight of the thirteen animals demonstrated control of the evoked potential. Application of the neural conditioning paradigm to the investigation of loci of neuronal plasticity is discussed. PMID- 7296305 TI - Changes in prolactin release caused by GABA and endogenous GABA increase in rats. AB - GABA and gamma-acetylenic-GABA (GAG), a GABA-Transaminase inhibitor, were used in this study to determine the influence of GABA on the release of prolactin. In unrestrained male rats, intraventricular (IVT) injection of GABA in high doses (500 microgram) markedly increased plasma prolactin levels. On the contrary, GABA at low doses (10 microgram) and GAG (100 microgram, IVT), were non effective. Systemic. GABA administration (25,50,100 and 200 mg/kg IP) lacked action. Both IVT and systemic GAG (100 mg/kg) slightly decreased plasma prolactin levels. The stimulation of prolactin release by histamine was prevented, and the proestrus prolactin surge was blunted by GAG injected IP (100 mg/kg at 1300 hr) or IVT (100 microgram). GABA (500 microgram, IVT) exhibited a similar action on the histamine response. Results suggest that GABA in basal condition has a pharmacological ability to increase prolactin release. In contrast, the parallel inhibitory effects of GABA and GAG on the histamine effect, and on the proestrus prolactin surge give evidence in favor of a physiological inhibitory role of GABA in the control of prolactin. GABA might act in these conditions as a modulatory transmitter. PMID- 7296306 TI - Thermoregulatory disorders after removal of a craniopharyngioma from the third cerebral ventricle. AB - Aspiration and dissection of a cystic tumor from the third ventricle of a 3-year old child resulted in several hypothalamic symptoms. One of the most persistent and troubling symptoms was marked hyperthermia which could not be traced to an infectious origin. The elevated temperature was not reduced by acetaminophen and there were abnormalities of circadian temperature cycles. In thermal stimulation tests the high body temperature was defended against induced cooling but the body temperature was raised above 40 degrees C without evoking physiological heat-loss responses and thermal discomfort. The unusual thermoregulatory status of this patient is similar to that seen in laboratory animals with hypothalamic lesions and to that observed with certain naturally occurring hypothalamic lesions in man. This dysthermia has been successfully treated with chlorpromazine. PMID- 7296307 TI - Olfactory bulb responsiveness to an aversive or novel food odor in ;the unrestrained rat. AB - The mechanisms subserving neophobia and learned aversion have been investigated by recording multiunit olfactory bulb discharges either in hungry rats following food deprivation or in satiated rats. Under the two conditions, rats were stimulated with the smell of their familiar maintenance diet or that of a novel food or of control food-unrelated odor. Responses to the odor of the novel food were tested, following a pairing of the first or the second intake of that food with a LiCl injection, or following its first intake paired with a NaCl control injection. All rats exhibited enhanced level of discharges when they were stimulated in the hungry state with the smell of the familiar food and not when stimulated with the non-alimentary control odor. The hunger to satiety modulation of olfactory bulb discharges, also exhibited in rats tested with the smell of the novel food, previously paired with NaCl, was absent after a LiCl-induced taste aversion to this odor. The small, although significant, modulation observed when the conditioning of aversion occurred with the less novel food is consistent with the view that learned safety prevails upon learned harmfulness. Results are discussed in terms of relations of olfactory bulb electrical responses to odors with food palatability, neophobia and learned aversion. PMID- 7296308 TI - Enhancement of cortical evoked potentials by high atmospheric pressures of helium. AB - Adult guinea pigs with electrodes chronically implanted in the optic chiasm (OC(, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and visual cortex (CX) were compressed at 1 bar/min to 120 bars pressure in helium-oxygen. Body temperature was controlled to within +/- 1 degree C, CO2 was removed by a soda-lime absorbent. Electrical stimuli (50 microA, 0.05 msec) were delivered to the OC at 9.6/sec at 10 bar intervals, with pressure held constant. Pressure caused only negligible changes inthe amplitudes of pre- and postsynaptic components of potentials in the LGN. Amplitudes of evoked potentials in the CX increased approximately linearly with pressure, reaching values of up to 300% above normobaric. Latencies did not change independently of temperature. Excitability of nerve fibers changed very little, but intracortical synaptic transmission was substantially enhanced. Differences in the effects of elevated helium pressure at the LGN and CX may be attributed to differences in organization of local circuits. PMID- 7296309 TI - Dietary effects on in vitro rat neuronal protein synthesis during growth and development. AB - In vitro brain neuronal protein synthesis was studied in control and postnatally malnourished newborn rats. The malnourished progeny had, respectively, 20.6% and 72% of the body and brain weights of the controls at 66 days of age. A neuron enriched fraction (NEF) was separated from rat forebrain. Evaluation of the free leucine pool of the NEF showed decrease with age but no alteration with malnutrition. Protein synthesis was estimated by the rate of in vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine into the TCA-insoluble protein of the NEF in rats at the ages: 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 66 days. Protein synthesis in the NEF declined with age in both nutritional states except for a rise to day 14 in the control group. Rates of synthesis declined sharply after 21 days of age reaching an adult level of protein synthesis after about the first month of life in both nutritional states. 14C-leucine incorporation was significantly higher in control over malnourished animals on days 14, 21 and 28. PMID- 7296310 TI - Hippocampal deafferentation and deefferentation and gastric pathology in rats. AB - Previous studies have shown that large hippocampal lesions increase the gastric pathology found in restrained and unrestrained animals. The present experiments investigated the effects of lesions in the two major afferent and efferent pathways of the hippocampus, i.e., the dorsal pathway through the fimbria-fornix and the ventral pathway in the entorhinal region, on gastric pathology in restrained and unrestrained rats. Result demonstrated that lesions in the ventral pathway produced an increased incidence of pathology whereas lesions in the fimbria-fornix did not. Neuroanatomical pathways which may mediate these effects are described PMID- 7296311 TI - Auditory cue preceding intracranial stimulation induces event-related potential in rat frontal cortex: alterations by amphetamine. AB - Slow potential (SP) responses to a click followed by rewarding stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were recorded from the frontal cortex of rats with permanently implanted electrodes. Trials were presented at variable intervals and the final interval between the click and MFB stimulation was 2 seconds. Negative SP responses developed rapidly with training, as the interstimulus interval was gradually increased from 0.5 sec to 2 sec. No decrement of the SP response was observed during recording sessions consisting of more than 300 trials. The SP responses remained stable over several weeks of recording. Dextroamphetamine produced a dose-related depression of the SP responses. Since the effect of amphetamine in this study was similar to the effect in studies using food reinforcement, the results suggest that amphetamine-induced depression of event related slow potentials in rat frontal cortex is not dependent on the type reinforcement. Advantages of the use of intracranial stimulation as reinforcement for event-related potential studies are discussed. PMID- 7296312 TI - Mesencephalic reticular formation stimulation effects on hypothalamic neuronal activity. AB - The effects of mesencephalic reticular formation (RF) single pulse, 0.5 msec and 0-500 microA, stimulation on lateral preoptic-lateral hypothalamic (LPA-LH) neuronal activity were determined in anesthetized rats. In addition, the effects of LH stimulation on neural activity in the RF and periaqueductal gray (PAG) were evaluated. Recordings from 117 neurons indicate reciprocal connections between the LPA-LH and the mesencephalon. Stimulation of the RF affected 70% of the LPA LH neurons tested. Short latency decreases in activity predominated indicating an inhibitory synaptic input from the RF to the LPA-LH. Short latency increases in discharge frequency were observed infrequently. Stimulation of the LH affected only 32% of the mesencephalic neurons tested. Short latency decreases in activity were usually observed indicating reciprocal inhibitory synaptic connections between the LPA-LH and the RF and periaqueductal gray. Antidromic responses verified these interconnections and revealed relatively slow conduction velocities of approximately 1.0 m/sec. Results are discussed in terms of the involvement of the LPA-LH and RF in sensorimotor functions, spinal motor excitability, and ingestive behavior. PMID- 7296313 TI - Kainic acid spares fibers of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. AB - Kainic acid was injected just lateral to the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and the axons of this bundle were examined for signs of transmitter buildup which would signify axonal damage. Absence of such signs indicates that noradrenergic terminal depletions caused by these injections are not due to local axonal damage. Kainic acid in this region damages local and distal cells, but spares noradrenergic fibers of passage. PMID- 7296314 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detecting antibodies to brain cell surface antigens. AB - A trace radioimmuno-binding assay is described which utilizes microcultures of dissociated cerebellar cells from neonatal mice as targets for the binding of antibodies to surface antigens on normal brain cells. This microassay is easy to perform, highly sensitive and economical in terms of cells and antibodies. Results are presented showing its specificity for antigens accessible at the cell surface. For the assay, dissociated cells are cultured in polylysine-coated wells of 60-well Terasaki microtest plates. After a recovery period allowing extensive outgrowth of neurites, the cultures are incubated with antibody solution, and bound antibody is revealed by an iodinated second antibody. This monolayer binding assay is particularly suited to the screening of large numbers of samples, for instance when trying to raise monoclonal antibodies against brain cells by the hybridoma methodology. The test can also be used for the analysis of anti-surface specificities in conventional antisera. PMID- 7296315 TI - Narcoleptic-like alterations of the sleep cycle in cats induced by a specific vasotocin antiserum. AB - A specific arginine vasotocin (AVT) antiserum (10 microliter) injected undiluted into the lateral ventricle of unanesthetized cats, induced sleep onset REM periods, markedly increased the number of REM periods, and dramatically decreased REM sleep latency. The amount of total REM sleep significantly increased and the amount of total NREM sleep significantly decreased. Neither a specific arginine vasopressin or oxytocin antiserum nor a normal rabbit serum injected undiluted into the lateral ventricle in the same volume (10 microliter) was able to reproduce the effects of the AVT antiserum. It is concluded that pineal AVT is physiologically involved in the induction and/or circadian organization of REM sleep. PMID- 7296316 TI - [Change of kidney position in orthstatism in children with intermittent proteinuria of orthostatic character (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296318 TI - [Structurally different myelinated nerve fibre in the healthy sciatic nerve of the guinea pig (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296317 TI - [Blood Thyroxine concentration and quantitative changes in the micromorphological picture of the thyroid gland in postnatal ontogenesis of the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296319 TI - [Use of Densitometric method in analyzing the lipid composition of the cerebrum and cerebellum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296321 TI - [The course of pregnancy in dependence on the woman's body weight (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296320 TI - [Evaluation of aralkyl phenylphosphite antioxidants by acute peroral experiment on mice and rats and by epicutaneous and conjunctival test on rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296322 TI - [Analysis of bacteriological examinations of the throat and nose over a five-year period (1974-1978) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296324 TI - [Familial incidence of giardiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296323 TI - [Main principles of bioptic diagnosis of malignant lymphomas within their present classification schemes-importance of cooperation between clinician and pathologist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296325 TI - [The adverse effects of smoking and methods of smoking prevention]. PMID- 7296327 TI - [Isopotential maps of the Q wave in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296326 TI - [Experimental carcinoma of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296328 TI - [Postural changes in the orthogonal electrocardiogram in healthy adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296329 TI - [Social problems of women with incurable malignant diseases in Bratislava (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296330 TI - [Pharmacologically influenced hypocalcemia in tourniquet shock in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296331 TI - [Lymphographic changes at some reconstructive procedures on vessels of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296332 TI - [Uncommon complication of hepatic echinococcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296333 TI - Energy and protein retention in holoxenic, axenic and gnotoxenic chickens monoassociated with Lactobacillus spp. AB - 1. Axenic, holoxenic and monoxenic chickens (strains LEM 220 or LEM 206 of lactobacilli isolated from the crop of the cockerel) were fed ad libitum on semi purified diets containing 180 or 200 g protein and 30 g long (LCD) or short (SCD) chain dextrins/kg. Energy and protein retentions were determined from 0 to 3 weeks of age by carcass analysis. 2. Energy retained as a proportion of gross energy intake was only influenced by the microflora in birds receiving 180 g protein/kg and nitrogen retention followed a similar pattern, but differences were less marked: total flora always depressed retentions, but in monoxenic birds the action of the microflora varied with changes in the carbohydrate composition of the diet, the lowest retentions occurring when the diet contained carbohydrates (SCD) which allowed rapid lactate production in the crop. PMID- 7296334 TI - Some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in the lungs of the domestic fowl during ontogenesis. PMID- 7296335 TI - Factors affecting food intake in the domestic chicken: the effect of infusions of nutritive and non-nutritive substances into the crop and duodenum. AB - 1. Infusions of 10 g of diet mashed in 20 ml of water, increasing glucose loads and hypertonic solutions of glucose, sorbitol and KCl, were introduced into the crop of the adolescent cockerel (1.5 to 2.0 kg body weight and 12 to 20 weeks of age). All caused a significant reduction of food intake over the following 3-h period. 2. Duodenal infusions of hyperosmotic solutions of sorbitol and KCl at 3 osm significantly decreased food intake within an hour of infusion. Glucose infusion decreased intake only in birds starved for 3 h before the experiment. 3. The results are discussed in relation to the site of infusion and nutritive visceral mechanisms of food intake control. It is likely that there is a major osmotic control in the duodenum which may affect a secondary control system in the upper gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 7296336 TI - Evidence for hepatic glucostatic regulation of food intake in the domestic chicken and its interaction with gastro-intestinal control. AB - 1. Male birds of a laying strain had permanent catheters introduced into the hepatic portal vein via the coccygeo-mesenteric vein. 2. Infusions of 5 ml of 40, 100 or 150 g glucose/l solution over 2 min caused a non-significant depression of food intake compared with a 9 g NaCl/l control solution. 3. Infusions of a range of isotonic glucose solution (0 to 60 g glucose/l, 30- mosm) at 1.4 ml/min over 3 h caused food intake depression within the 3-h period (P less than 0.01) proportional to the logarithm of the dose. 4. This effect was not observed when 60 g glucose/l was infused at the above rates into the jugular vein. 5. Starvation of the bird for 21 h accentuated the depressive effect of glucose load on food intake, especially when birds were not given food until after the 3-h infusion. 6. The infusion of solutions of sodium chloride (1.0 to 13.0 g/l, 33 to 433 mosmoles/kg) at 1.4 ml/min over 3 h stimulated food intake within the range of 3 to 7 g NaCl/l (100 to 233 mosm) but suppressed intake outside this range. This can be interpreted as a possible interaction with water intake control. 7. Infusion of 20 ml of glucose solution (0, 18 or 54 g/l) over 5 min into the crop and 0, 3.75 or 60 g glucose/l at 1.4 ml/min over 3 h into the hepatic portal vein, caused an additive, linear depression of food intake. PMID- 7296337 TI - Development of the lipid and fatty acid patterns of the liver of the pigeon after hatching. AB - 1. The fatty liver of newly-hatched pigeons is caused by an accumulation of sterol esters (STE) amounting to 620 mg/g total lipids of which 80% was sterol oleate. Triglycerides (TG) accounted for only 20 mg/g of total lipids. 2. After hatching, the relative amount of STE in the liver tissue decreased considerably while that of TG increased. The proportion of phospholipids (PHL) remained essentially constant. 3. The fatty acid composition of the liver lipids changed significantly, but specifically for each individual class during postnatal growth. Striking differences were the higher values of long-chain polyunsaturated acids (20: 4 omega 6 and 22: 6 omega 3) in PHL, TG and free fatty acids (FFA) and the higher proportion of oleic acid in the STE at hatching compared with those at older ages. 4. The predominant alterations in the relative composition of the liver lipids (lipid classes and fatty acids) occurred in the first week after hatching and may be accounted for by the decreasing yolk utilisation and adaptation to ingested food. The change within the diet itself from cropmilk to grain (starting around the 4th day) influenced the development of the lipid and fatty acid content only in a minor way. 5. The large weight decreased of the pigeon liver after the 19th day was accompanied by a decrease in absolute PHL content while TG stores were unaltered. PMID- 7296338 TI - Concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone, prolactin, progesterone and androgens during the ovulatory cycle of the turkey. AB - 1. Changes in the concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin, androgen and progesterone were measured during the ovulatory cycle of the turkey. 2. Single pre-ovulatory peaks of plasma LH, androgen an progesterone were observed which took 8, 8 and 12 h respectively, to increase and return to base line values. The concentration of plasma prolactin tended to be elevated between 6 h before and 6 h after the LH peak with the maximum values occurring after the peak. 3. The changes in the concentrations of plasma LH and progesterone were 3- and 7-fold respectively while 2-fold changes were observed in the concentrations of plasma androgen and prolactin. 4. The pre-ovulatory concentration of plasma progesterone and prolactin began to decrease 4 and 6 h respectively, after the pre-ovulatory peak of LH. 5. Ovulation and oviposition occurred 6 to 8 h and 36.10 +/- 0.57 h (SEM) (n = 11) respectively after the pre-ovulatory peak of LH. 6. In birds kept on 14 h light/d, pre-ovulatory peaks of LH were initiated only during a 10 to 11-h period starting within 2 h after the onset of darkness. 7. A comparison between these data and those from the fowl suggest that the egg is retained in the turkey's oviduct for about 3 to 4 h longer than in the fowl. PMID- 7296339 TI - Fatty acid reductase in bioluminescent bacteria. Resolution from aldehyde reductases and characterization of the aldehyde product. AB - Fatty acid reductase from the bioluminescent bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum, has been partially purified free of aldehyde reductase activity and with a low endogenous fatty acid content permitting the characterization of the aldehyde product of the reaction. Two aldehyde reductases, both dependent on NADH, were separated by anion-exchange chromatography from the fatty acid reductase activity. The partially purified fatty acid reductase catalyzed the synthesis exclusively of long chain aldehydes from fatty acids in the presence of ATP and NADPH as demonstrated by the conversion of [3H]tetradecanoic acid to [3H]aldehyde. Comparison of the amount of [3H]aldehyde produced with the bioluminescence responses of luciferase to the aldehyde product and standard aldehydes, both with respect to maximum light intensity and luminescent decay, established that tetradecanoic acid has been converted to tetradecanal, the aldehyde of the same chain length. These results are consistent with a mechanism involving activation of the fatty acid with ATP followed by reduction of a fatty acyl intermediate to the corresponding aldehyde. PMID- 7296340 TI - Interaction of muscle glycolytic enzymes with thin filament proteins. AB - Purified glycolytic enzymes were individually chromatographed through columns of Sepharose 4B containing a covalently bound F-actin-tropomyosin complex. Five of these enzymes, aldolase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoglycerate kinase were able to interact with the complex. Glucosephosphate isomerase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate phosphomutase, and enolase did not bind to the F-actin tropomyosin matrix. One nonbinding enzyme, phosphoglycerate phosphomutase, was observed to interact with F-actin-tropomyosin if the column was preloaded with lactate dehydrogenase. Since at least four other glycolytic enzymes did not associate with actin directly, it is suggested that if a glycolytic enzyme complex exists, these nonadsorbing enzymes must interact with one or more of the enzymes which do bind to actin. PMID- 7296341 TI - Stability of acetylcholinesterase in guanidine hydrochloride solution. AB - The irreversible unfolding of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolyase, EC 3.1.1.7) by guanidine hydrochloride was studied by difference spectral, circular dichroic, and enzyme activity measurements. At pH 7.0 and in 1.1 M denaturant solution, a conformational state in which enzyme is completely inactive was detected. It is identical to the native enzyme as far as sedimentation coefficient and molecular weight are concerned, but differs from the native molecule by a slight loss in secondary structure and by a small perturbation of aromatic residues. Acetylcholinesterase in concentrated guanidine hydrochloride solution containing beta-mercaptoethanol dissociates and exists as a random coil of molecular weight 68 000. PMID- 7296342 TI - Effects of intravenous versus intragastric glucose pretreatment on triglyceride secretion by perfused livers of fed rats. AB - The effects of the route of administration of 450 mg [U-14C]glucose to 250-g fed rats in vivo on the subsequent release of triglycerides from the perfused liver was studied. Livers were perfused for 180 min using a nonrecycling medium containing 10 mM glucose, 2 mM lactate, 0.2 mM pyruvate, and 100 microunits/mL porcine insulin. Biopsies were obtained at the beginning and end of the perfusions. The perfusate was collected and the secreted triglycerides were analyzed. Slower absorption of the intragastric glucose load contrasted with the rapid entry of the intravenous load; however, the total liver counts were not significantly affected by the route of glucose delivery. Hepatic glycogen concentration was also not significantly different, but the percent of total liver counts which was present in glycogen was significantly higher after intravenous glucose. The majority of the radioactivity in the livers of both groups of rats was present in water-soluble metabolites, with lesser amounts in triglycerides and phospholipids. Radioactivity in hepatic triglycerides declined significantly during perfusion only in the rats which had received glucose intravenously. The mean rate of triglyceride secretion from the livers of rats receiving the glucose intravenously was significantly lower than that of the rats receiving glucose intragastrically (0.21 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.97 +/- 0.28 mg/g liver per 180 min, p less than 0.05). The route of glucose administration affects both entry of glucose into the blood and subsequent hepatic triglyceride metabolism and secretion. PMID- 7296343 TI - Reverse cholesterol transport from fibroblasts to high density lipoproteins: computer solutions of a kinetic model. AB - A model for cholesterol balance between fibroblasts and high density lipoproteins which includes first steps in cholesterol egress is proposed. Kinetic solutions of this model, obtained by digital computer integration of associated differential equations, showed that 15-fold variations in high density lipoprotein levels might be expected to cause less than 8% change in cell cholesterol and twofold variations in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity might be expected to cause less than 10% change in cell cholesterol. These theoretical calculations are limited by deficiencies in the model. However, they can be used as adjuncts to direct experiment to evaluate the hypothesis that high density lipoproteins and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase are involved in cholesterol removal from peripheral cells. PMID- 7296344 TI - Cholesteryl sulfate: measurement with beta-sitosteryl sulfate as an internal standard. AB - A new method is described for the measurement of cholesteryl sulfate (CS) in plasma. Taking advantage of the use of beta-sitosteryl sulfate (SS) as an internal standard it is simpler and more rapid than the methods currently in use. It does not require the use of radioactive isotopes. A potential contamination of the CS band by free cholesterol is excluded by developing the thin-layer chromatography plate on which the sterols are first separated with a second solvent system which pushes free cholesterol to the solvent front without appreciably moving the CS band. The method is sensitive and reproducible and may be advantageous for the screening of large populations. The values obtained for plasma CS concentrations in normal subjects compare well with those measured by more elaborate techniques. PMID- 7296345 TI - Differential distribution of sphingomyelins among plasma lipoprotein classes. AB - Individual and pooled samples of plasma from normolipemic and hyperlipemic subjects were separated into very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) by conventional ultracentrifugation and total lipid extracts prepared by standard methods. The composition of the molecular species of the sphingomyelins in each lipoprotein class was determined by packed column and capillary gas-liquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) and t-butyldimethylsilyl (t-BDMS) ethers and by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of t-BDMS ethers of ceramides derived by phospholipase C hydrolysis of the corresponding parent compounds. It was demonstrated that the molecular weight of the species of the sphingomyelins increases with the density of the lipoprotein fraction in normolipemic subjects, and that this increase is due to an increase in the chain length of the fatty acids in the ceramide molecules. In contrast, patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia possessed similar species in the LDL and HDL fractions, while maintaining normal differences between HDL and VLDL. Type III patients possessed normal HDL and VLDL differences, but had variable LDL. Type II patients had ceramide profiles for VLDL, LDL, and HDL fractions that were very similar to those of normals. The differential distribution of the molecular species of the sphingomyelins is rationalized on the basis of a lateral phase separation of the short and long chain sphingomyelins during the shedding of the excess VLDL or chylomicron surface material and a subsequent preferential transformation of the long chain species into HDL. The LDL sphingomyelins in type III hyperlipemia are variable and approximate either the VLDL or HDL composition. PMID- 7296346 TI - Heterogeneity of VLDL triglyceride production by the liver and intestine. AB - These studies examine the mechanisms responsible for the heterogeneous nature of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride production. The fasting dog has been used as a model to follow the incorporation of [2-3H]glycerol and [1 14C]palmitate into the triglyceride of VLDL isolated from plasma and from mesenteric lymph. The former represents mainly hepatic VLDL, and the latter, intestinal VLDL. VLDL from each source has been subfractionated into Sf 100-400, Sf 60-100, and Sf 20-60 components. The plateau in triglyceride specific activity achieved during constant infusions of the labelled precursors was higher in small VLDL than in large VLDL. This indicates that the small VLDL triglyceride is not derived exclusively from that in large VLDL. This applies to both hepatic and intestinal VLDL. This contrasts with apolipoprotein B in small VLDL, which other studies show to be entirely derived from large VLDL. Thus both the liver and the intestine incorporate triglyceride into particles whose density extends through the entire VLDL spectrum. Unless triglyceride-rich lipoproteins with the density of VLDL but with no apolipoprotein B are produced, these data raise the possibility that triglyceride may enter VLDL directly. PMID- 7296347 TI - Production of lipophorin in the fat body of adult Locusta migratoria: comparison with vitellogenin. AB - The lipid-transport lipoprotein, lipophorin (Lp), an abundant plasma protein of insects, is synthesized in the fat body of Locusta migratoria as a polypeptide of relative mass (Mr) = 85 000. No posttranslational modification could be detected. Precipitation of this protein leads to formation of a product of Mr about 240 000, which fails to dissociate under treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and beta-mercaptoethanol. In adult female locusts, synthesis and secretion of protein by the fat body increases three- to four-fold from emergence until day 7 of adult life, Lp representing 15-30% of the total. In the subsequent vitellogenic stage (days 7-14 or later), a further impressive increase in protein output up to five times the previtellogenic rate is observed, followed by a decrease to the previtellogenic level at the end of the cycle. This fluctuation is mainly due to production of the yolk precursor protein, vitellogenin (Vg), which makes up some 60% of the secreted protein at the peak of the cycle. Production of Lp does not follow these dramatic changes. Inactivation of the corpora allata, the source of juvenile hormone (JH), by treatment with precocene, prevents the synthesis of Vg in females, and diminishes the production of other proteins, including Lp, in both sexes. Normal secretion patterns can be restored by application of the JH analog, methoprene. It is concluded that, whereas the synthesis of Vg is dependent upon and intensely stimulated by JH, the synthesis of Lp is stimulated only to a minor extent, in common with other proteins. PMID- 7296348 TI - Exchange of free cholesterol between low density lipoproteins and human adipocytes. AB - Free cholesterol uptake from low density lipoproteins (LDL) by fat cells was investigated using exchange-labelled [1,2-3H]cholesterol-LDL and isolated human adipocytes, prepared by collagenase digestion of subcutaneous fat tissue biopsies. Radioactivity appeared in the cellular lipids within 2 min and accumulated at a slower rate approaching linearity for 3 h. At 5 and 120 min, 90% of the recovered cellular radioactivity was found in the bulk lipid fraction and the remainder was distributed among organelle fractions. Uptake of [3H]cholesterol was linearly related to substrate concentrations up to 5 micrograms unesterified cholesterol - LDL . mL-1. At higher concentrations up to 22 micrograms unesterified cholesterol - LDL . mL-1, [1,2-3H]cholesterol accumulated more gradually but did not reach a plateau. Metabolic inhibitors, sodium azide plus sodium fluoride, had no effect on radiocholesterol uptake. Native LDL and high density lipoprotein at equivalent unesterified cholesterol concentrations decreased [1,2-3H]cholesterol uptake, to a similar extent suggesting isotope dilution. The results demonstrate a rapid, receptor independent uptake of cholesterol from LDL by adipocytes, consistent with an exchange mechanism. This process could explain the rapid labelling of adipose tissue cholesterol in vivo following intravenous administration of radiocholesterol and efflux of free cholesterol from adipose tissue during starvation. PMID- 7296349 TI - Alterations in membrane permeability with trypsin treatment. AB - Trypsin treatment of Ehrlich cells reduced sodium-coupled amino acid transport, lowered ATP levels, and abolished cation gradients. The data suggest that the decrease in active amino acid transport results from an alteration in membrane permeability caused by DNA released from a fraction of the cells upon trypsin treatment. The reduced amino acid transport appears to be the result of an abolition of ion gradients required for transport since vesicles prepared from these cells show near normal transport activity. The altered permeability of the membrane can be restored by incubation of the cells with serum. Protein synthesis does not appear to play a role in the restoration of Na+-dependent amino acid transport since restoration is unaffected by the presence of cycloheximide. The recovery of activity does depend partly on the presence of Ca2+ in the incubation medium since reversal of the trypsin inhibition of glycine transport can be obtained on incubation with Ca2+ and glucose. PMID- 7296350 TI - Secretion of nascent lipoproteins by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7296351 TI - Hepatic and intestinal contribution of two forms of apolipoprotein B to plasma lipoprotein fractions in the rat. AB - The in vivo incorporation of labeled amino acids into two forms of apolipoprotein B of nascent hepatic, nascent intestinal, and plasma lipoproteins was studied. Using SDS-gel filtration column chromatography rat apolipoprotein B was separated into two proteins of higher (apo Bh) and of lower (apo Bl) molecular size and the incorporation of label into each was measured. When livers isolated from fed rats were perfused with 3H-labeled amino acids, radioactivity was incorporated into both forms of apo B of the d less than 1.060 fractions (very low (VLDL), intermediate (IDL), and low (LDL) density lipoproteins) with a labeling ratio of apo Bl to apo Bh of 0.8. When mesenteric lymph was collected from corn oil fed rats intraduodenally injected with 3H-labeled amino acids, radioactivity was mainly incorporated into apo Bl of chylomicrons and VLDL with apo Bl to apo Bh labeling ratios of 14 and 44, respectively. Plasma was isolated 2 h after intraperitoneal injection of 3H-labeled amino acids into chow fed rats and lipoproteins were isolated by sequential density ultracentrifugation. The labeling ratio of apo Bl and apo Bh decreased from 4.2 in VLDL to 0.5 in LDL indicating a progressive enrichment of apo Bh in the LDL fraction. High density lipoproteins (HDL) contained less than 4% of the total labeled apo B and was enriched in apo Bl. The results of this study indicate that the liver synthesizes both forms of apo B while the intestine synthesizes almost entirely apo Bl. Since both apo B proteins are secreted primarily by the liver into VLDL, the results are consistent with preferential removal of apo Bl during triglyceride-rich lipoprotein catabolism and entry of hepatically derived apo Bh into LDL. PMID- 7296352 TI - Composition and metabolism of very low density lipoproteins in dog cardiac lymph. AB - In the present study, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL, d less than 1.006) in cardiac lymph was characterized to determine its role as a metabolic substrate in the interstitial compartment. A major efferent cardiac lymph trunk was cannulated in fasting (18 h) dogs (20-27 kg). Three to five millilitres of lymph were collected over 3-4 h at 4 degrees C. Cardiac lymph VLDL concentration was 1.7 +/- 0.7 mg protein . 100 mL-1 compared with 1.8 +/- 0.8 mg protein . 100 mL-1 in plasma. The VLDL triglyceride concentration in lymph was 1.0 +/- 0.3 mg triglyceride . 100 mL-1 with triglyceride/protein ratio of 0.9 compared with plasma VLDL triglyceride of 5.0 +/- 1.6 mg . 100 mL-1 with a triglyceride/protein ratio of 5.5. Electron microscopy of VLDL revealed globular particles with a mean diameter of 388 A in lymph and 661 A in plasma. Thus, cardiac lymph VLDL are smaller and contain less triglyceride per particle than plasma VLDL. Following i.v. administration of human 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein ([125I]LDL, d 1.025-1.045), cardiac lymph/plasma LDL specific activity ratio was 0.52 +/- 0.15 (n = 3) and 0.55 +/- 0.15 (n = 4)) at 3 and 27 h, respectively. The fact that the specific activity ratio did not reach 1 at plateau suggests continuous addition of unlabelled LDL in the cardiac interstitium, presumably from VLDL precursors. These findings demonstrate that on a protein basis the concentration of VLDL in cardiac lymph equals that of plasma, and also suggests that VLDL degradation and LDL production occur in the cardiac interstitial space. PMID- 7296353 TI - Plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and triglyceride turnover in eu- and hypo-thyroid rats and rats on a hypocaloric diet. AB - Lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and triglyceride turnover were studied in control, thyroidectomized, and pair-fed control rats (pair-fed to match the food intake of the thyroidectomized rats). Thyroidectomy induced a significant increase in plasma cholesterol (and low density lipoprotein) concentrations and a decrease in plasma triglyceride (and very low density lipoprotein) concentrations. Changes in similar direction but of smaller magnitude were observed in the plasma of the pair-fed control rats. To further investigate triglyceride metabolism in these three groups of animals, triglyceride turnover was studied in fasted, unrestrained, and unanesthetized rats, following injection of [2-3H]glycerol. Peak incorporation of [2-3H]glycerol into plasma triglyceride occurred in all three groups of animals at 25 min after precursor administration, although the maximal incorporation was substantially lower in the thyroidectomized group than in either of the control groups. Thereafter, plasma triglyceride radioactivity decayed monoexponentially with a half-life of 24 +/- 1 min for both normal and pair-fed control rats, compared with the half-life of 41 +/- 3 min observed in the thyroidectomized rats. The calculated apparent fractional catabolic rates were thus 0.029 min-1 for both control groups and only 0.017 min-1 for the thyroidectomized animals. The apparent total catabolic rates of plasma triglyceride were 299 +/- 11, 138 +/- 11, and 48 +/- 4 micrograms triglyceride . min-1 for the normal controls, pair-fed controls, and thyroidectomized rats, respectively. These data further emphasize the importance of thyroid hormones in regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and, specifically, indicate that hypothyroidism results in a reduction of triglyceride secretion into, and the removal from, circulation. Furthermore, evidence was presented that the decreased caloric intake of the hypothyroid animals cannot, in itself, account for this observation. PMID- 7296354 TI - Human chromosomal heteromorphisms in American blacks. IV. Intensity variation in centromeric regions of chromosomes 3 and 4. AB - One hundred normal American Blacks were studied by q-banding technique in order to estimate the type and frequency of heteromorphisms in the centromeric regions of chromosomes 3 and 4. Heteromorphisms were classified using the scale of five intensity levels namely, negative, pale, medium, intense and brilliant fluorescence. QFQ intensity heteromorphisms (greater than or equal to level 3) for chromosomes 3 and 4 were 54.5 and 7%, respectively. The distribution of different intensities was significantly different in American Blacks compared with Caucasians. PMID- 7296355 TI - Biological effects observed in mammals maintained in an area of vey high natural radioactivity. AB - Male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were maintained for a 28-month period on the floor of the hut built at a site in southwestern France where the dose rate from natural radioactivity amounts to about 8 mrad/h. Male and female BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) were also placed in the hut during the summer period. The observations performed on those animals demonstrate that exposure to high natural radiation can increase the frequency of chromosome aberrations in somatic cells and indicate also the fertility in males and females is affected in an inverse manner. Model experiments with radon exposure of laboratory rabbits under controlled conditions have shown that the chromosome aberrations observed in somatic cels cella are not due to the radon exposure but essentially to gamma irradiation. PMID- 7296356 TI - Senile cataracts: evidence for acceleration by diabetes and deceleration by salicylate. AB - A method is described for determining the natural progression of senile cataracts in humans and whether certain factors accelerate or decelerate this progression. The method consists in plotting the age of the patient against the degree of opacity of the cataract to find the regression relation. A comparison of cataracts from diabetic and nondiabetic patients revealed that diabetes accelerated senile cataract formation, so that there was a difference of 9.6 years in the age of the two groups with more dense cataracts. Plasma tryptophan levels, which are increased in cataract patients, are lowered by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). In this study ASA decelerated cataract formation in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Among the nondiabetic patients cataract formation in a group with osteoarthritis was delayed by an average of 10 years. Deceleration of cataract formation resulting from ASA administration may reduce the need for surgical removal of cataracts. PMID- 7296357 TI - [Recurrent pterygia: frequency and treatment by conjunctival autograft]. AB - Of 91 pterygia treated by simple excision (by the same surgeon, using the same technique) followed by beta-irradiation 7 recurred. Of 15 recurrent pterygia treated by complete excision by the bare-sclera technique associated with a conjunctival autograft only 1 recurred again. Conjunctival autografting is simple and efficacious, and gives very good esthetic results in cases of recurrent pterygium. PMID- 7296358 TI - X-linked ocular albinism: relative value of skin biopsy, iris transillumination and funduscopy in identifying affected males and carriers. AB - In a group of 15 males with X-linked ocular albinism and 13 obligate carriers of the gene for the condition skin biopsy in a search for giant pigment granules with light microscopy and macromelanosomes with electron microscopy gave positive results more often than iris transillumination and funduscopy. Thus, skin biopsy should significantly improve the detection of both affected males and carriers. PMID- 7296359 TI - Clinical application of multiplanar computerized tomography of the orbit. AB - Multiplanar image reconstruction involves the reconstruction of sagittal, coronal or oblique views form a series of transverse computerized tomography images without exposing the patient to more radiation. The technique, especially when used in conjunction with high-resolution scanning, is invaluable in the diagnosis of lesions within the orbit. This paper deals with the clinical application of this new technique. PMID- 7296360 TI - Effect of timolol maleate on intraocular pressure and pupil cycle time in normal eyes. AB - One drop of 0.5% timolol maleate instilled into the normal eyes of four subjects produced a marked reduction of intraocular pressure that was maximal at 3 hours but not significant after 12 hours. Instillation of one drop a day for 30 days produced a reliable, maintained reduction of intraocular pressure in the treated eye. The pupil cycle time in both eyes was measured at least twice daily for 1 week before timolol treatment to assess the reproducibility of the test and then twice daily for the 30 days of treatment with timolol. The drug had no significant effect on the pupil cycle time. Measuring the pupil cycle time should afford the ophthalmologist a useful method of assessing the progress of glaucomatous damage to the optic nerve while the patient is undergoing treatment with timolol, an assessment that was not possible when patients were treated with pilocarpine. PMID- 7296361 TI - Improved contrast sensitivity with antireflective coated lenses in the presence of glare. AB - Contrast sensitivity was measured to quantify the glare-reducing effects of antireflective coatings of magnesium fluoride on spectacle lenses. Experiments were conducted on four subjects, who judged contrast thresholds while wearing corrective spectacles with noncoated and then coated lenses in both the absence and the presence of a source of glare (back-scattered reflection from the posterior surface of their lenses). Glare substantially reduced contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies; although the reduction was greater at higher spatial frequencies ther was no shift in peak contrast sensitivity. The coated lenses enhanced contrast sensitivity in the presence of glare between 1.5 and 5 times compared with the noncoated lenses. In the absence of glare, contrast sensitivity was greater with coated lenses than with noncoated lenses. PMID- 7296362 TI - Increased visual field area with antireflective coated lenses in the presence of glare. AB - Visual fields were charted with the Goldmann perimeter for five subjects wearing corrective spectacles with noncoated lenses and then lenses with antireflective coatings of mmagnesium fluoride in both the absence and the presence of a source of glare (back-scattered reflection from the posterior surface of their lenses). There was a greater reduction in temporal isopters than nasal isopters in the presence of glare with both types of lenses, but the coated lenses were superior to the noncoated lenses in reducing the effect of glare on the visual field area. PMID- 7296363 TI - Distribution of silver in the eyes and plasma proteins of the albino rat. AB - Albino rats were given a 0.25% solution of silver nitrate to drink for 10 weeks, then were divided into two groups. One group continued to drink the solution for an additional 6 months, while the other group was given water to drink for an additional 12 months. The ingestion of silver nitrate retarded the growth of the rats and eventually caused their death. The rats regained weight and appeared to grow normally when the silver nitrate regimen was withdrawn. Radioactive silver in the plasma was found to be almost exclusively in a single electrophoretic protein band. Examination of the rats' eyes by electron microscopy showed deposits of silver particles in Bruch's membrane, the basement membranes of the choriocapillaris and the ciliary processes, and the stroma of the choroid and ciliary processes. The number and size of the particles increased with continued ingestion of silver but decreased if the silver regimen was withdrawn after the initial 10 weeks of ingestion. Fine particles of silver were still present 12 months after the end of the ingestion of silver nitrate. At no time were silver particles seen in the basement membranes or endothelial cells of the retinal capillaries or within the cytoplasm of the pigment epithelium or the epithelial cells of eh ciliary processes. PMID- 7296364 TI - Bacterial endophthalmitis and traumatic hyphema resulting from ocular injuries during dental procedures. AB - Case reports of bacterial endophthalmitis and of traumatic hyphema resulting from injuries sustained during dental procedures are presented. Protective eye shields or glasses are recommended for both the dental team and the patient. PMID- 7296365 TI - Lipid granuloma of the frontal bone presenting as a space-occupying lesion of the orbit. AB - Lipid granuloma of the frontal bone is a very rare lesion of unknown cause. When an orbital cyst develops it presents as an orbital mass that is virtually indistinguishable clinically from a lacrimal gland tumour. Complete extirpation of the involved bone is advised. PMID- 7296366 TI - The law of negligence and the ophthalmologist. AB - In this article the law of negligence as it pertains to ophthalmologic practice in Canada is presented and the concepts of legal duty and standard of care are discussed. PMID- 7296367 TI - Management of nonrefractive accommodative esotropia. PMID- 7296368 TI - Ketamine potentiates catecholamine responses of vascular smooth muscle by inhibition of extraneuronal uptake. AB - Effects of ketamine on responses to sympathomimetic amines were studied using isolated aortic and pulmonary artery strips from the rabbit. Ketamine (1.1 x 10( 5) to 3.7 x 10(-4) M) potentiated adrenaline-contracted strips. Potentiation was not impaired in tissues from animals pretreated with reserpine, with 6 hydroxydopamine, or its tissues pretreated with cocaine. Pretreatment of the strips with the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors tropolone or pyrogallol or the inhibitor of extraneuronal uptake 17 beta-estradiol blocked the potentiation by ketamine; in addition, potentiation by the COMT and extraneuronal uptake inhibitors was abolished or greatly reduced by ketamine. In rabbit aorta, ketamine potentiated responses to the catecholamines (adrenaline greater than nordefrine greater than noradrenaline) but not to the noncatecholamines phenylephrine, methoxamine, and synephrine; instead a slight relaxant effect was observed. Ketamine potentiated, whereas cocaine inhibited, responses to tyramine Experiments using the technique of oil immersion demonstrated that ketamine reduced the rate at which aortic strips inactivate adrenaline even when monoamine oxidase (MAO) and neuronal uptake processes were fully inhibited. Uptake studies showed that ketamine and 17 beta-estradiol reduced extraneuronal accumulation of [3H]adrenaline in aortic strips. We conclude that ketamine is an inhibitor of extraneuronal uptake in the vascular smooth muscles studied and the importance of this mechanism in producing its known cardiovascular effect is discussed. PMID- 7296369 TI - Renin substrate in rat mesenteric artery. AB - The concentration of renin substrate (RS) was measured in rat mesenteric artery tissue. The concentration of this substrate both in arterial tissue and in plasma was markedly higher in rats 1 day after bilateral nephrectomy than in sham operated controls, the percentage difference being higher in plasma than in arterial RS. Conversely, the decrease apparently induced 3 days after adrenalectomy (i.e., the difference in RS concentration from sham-operated rats) was greater in arterial tissue than in plasma. This finding may be explained by changes in RS concentrations induced by the sham operation. Sham surgery itself increased plasma RS after 1 day (but not after 3 days) and arterial RS after 3 days (but not after 1 day). There was a positive correlation between arterial and plasma renin substrate concentration for the overall results but not within individual groups. As renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity are also present in arterial tissues, all the necessary components for local generation of angiotensin II have now been shown to be present within the wall of resistance vessels. PMID- 7296370 TI - BaCl2-induced contractions in the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle: role of presynaptic release of neurotransmitters and Ca2+ translocation in the postsynaptic membrane. AB - Early studies indicated that the baCl2-induced contractions in the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle strip (GPI-LMS) were, in part, neuronal in origin. However, recent studies have suggested that BaCl2-induced contractions were produced by an action directly on the smooth muscle membrane. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the BaCl2 contractions in the GPI-LMS. Botulinum toxin (5 x 10(5) MLD/mL), which blocks the electrically induced release of acetylcholine (ACh), hemicholinium-3 (HC-3; 110 micro M), which blocks ACh synthesis, tetrodotoxin (TTX; 60 nM), which blocks Na+ channels, black widow spider venom, which depletes the presynaptic neuron of neurotransmitter, and atropine (2.9 micro M), a potent muscarinic antagonist, had no effect on the BaCl2 contractions. Densensitization of the GPI-LMS to substance P did not affect the BaCl2 contraction. In Ca2+ -free buffer the BaCl2 dose-response curve was shifted to the right. In Ca2+-free solution the time to 50% inhibiton of the contractile response to ACh (73 nM) and BaCl2 (1.16 mM) was 3.7 and 125 min, respectively. The D 600 Ic50 for ACh and BaCl2 contractions was 220 and 130 nM, respectively. In Ca2+-free buffer either EGTA (0.53 mM) or D 600 (1 micro M) were potent inhibitors of BaCl2 contractions. These results suggest that in the GPI LMS the BaCl2 response is not mediated by a release of ACh (or substance P) because inhibitors of ACh release, synthesis, and receptors do not affect the responses. Also, the BaCl2 contraction is not due to activation of Na+ channels because TTX is without effect. The BaCl2-induced contraction appears to be mainly due to the movement of membrane bound Ca2+ through D 600 sensitive Ca2+ channels with extracellular Ca2+ and possible passage of Ba2+ ions intracellularly playing relatively minor roles. PMID- 7296371 TI - Effect of oral propranolol on the anerobic threshold and maximum exercise performance in normal man. AB - The effect of propranolol on the anaerobic threshold was studied in six healthy male volunteers. The subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer in a progressive exercise test to exhaustion with propranolol or no drug. Power output was increased by 30 W ever 2 min. Propranolol caused a significant reduction of heart rate by 20-45 beats per minute at all power outputs. In light and moderate exercise, no differences in oxygen uptake, ventilation, or blood lactate were observed in the propranolol and no-drug tests. The anaerobic threshold was not different between the no-drug (2.32 +/- 0.19 L O2/min, mean +/J- SD) and the propranolol (2.83 +/- 0.27 L O2/min) test; however, the heart rate at the anaerobic threshold was significantly lower in the propranolol (143 +/- 13 beats per minute) than the no-drug (187 +/- 9 beats per minute) tests. Above the anaerobic threshold, oxygen uptake was similar at a given power output but it reached a lower peak value (p less than 0.02) in the propranolol (3.16 +/- 0.16 L O2/min) versus the no-drug (3.64 +/- 0.39 L O2/min) tests. It was concluded that propranolol caused no change in anaerobic threshold in this specific progressive exercise protocol. The results suggest that a training intensity for endurance exercise bases on the anaerobic threshold does not need to be modified for subjects on propranolol medication. PMID- 7296372 TI - A comparison of the effects of flurazepam on gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated depression of cerebellar and cerebral cortical neurons. AB - With standard extracellular recording and microiontophoretic techniques, the effects of flurazepam on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) evoked depression of cerebellar and cerebral cortical neurons in rats have been studied. It was found that although flurazepam potentiated the GABA-mediated inhibition of most Purkinje cells (25 or 36), it caused only a weak potentiation of GABA action on some cerebral cortical neurons (14 of 37). The difference between the action of flurazepam in these two structures was statistically significant. The results confirm a previous report that the enhancement of GABA-evoked inhibition by benzodiazepines is more readily elicited on cerebellar cortical neurons than on cerebral cortical neurons. PMID- 7296373 TI - Effect of ethanol on hepatic blood flow in unanesthetized dogs with chronic portal and hepatic vein catheterization. AB - A method of chronic portal and hepatic vein catheterization in the dog is described. Using this method, hepatic blood flow was measured by an indicator dilution technique and the effect of acute ethanol administration on hepatic blood flow was evaluated in unanesthetized dogs. Intravenous and intragastric ethanol administration (2.0 g.kg-1) resulted in a significant increase in hepatic blood flow. Splanchnic oxygen consumption was also increased following ethanol administration but this effect was offset by the rise in hepatic blood flow and the net result was an increase in hepatic vein oxygen content. These data demonstrate a significant effect of ethanol on hepatic blood flow but suggest that hepatic hypoxia does not occur following acute ethanol administration. PMID- 7296374 TI - Age-related differences in the febrile response of the New Zealand White rabbit to endotoxin. AB - The effect of age on the febrile response of New Zealand White rabbits was investigated by administering bacterial endotoxin intravenously to animals from two different age groups. Rabbits greater than 2.0 years of age developed significantly smaller fevers than did animals that were less than 1.0 year old (p less than 0.001). The deficit in the febrile response of older animals was specifically related to an absence of the second peak of fever. PMID- 7296375 TI - Cardiovascular responses to intracisternal administration of nicotine in rats. AB - The administration of nicotine into the cisterna magna evoked a delayed depressor effect with an initial pressor effect in anaesthetized rats. The depressor response was accompanied by a bradycardia. The cardiovascular effects of nicotine were abolished after intracisternal administration of hexamethonium but not after atropine given via the same route. Intravenous administration of methylatropine abolished the bradycardic response to nicotine but did not affect the blood pressure responses. The pressor effect of nicotine was abolished by intravenous administration of phenoxybenzamine. The cardiovascular effects of nicotine injected intracisternally were abolished when the diffusion of nicotine onto an area around the area postrema was interrupted using a polyethylene tube. In contrast, nicotine applied to the area produced a marked pressor--depressor response. It is concluded that the cardiovascular responses to intracisternal administration of nicotine result from the activation of central nicotinic receptor sites that may be present around the area postrema. PMID- 7296377 TI - Effects of bradykinin on intestinal transcapillary fluid exchange. AB - Bradykinin (50 micrograms.L-1) increases intestinal lymph flow sixfold when infused intraarterially into the cat ileum. The capillary filtration coefficient and capillary pressure increase and interstitial fluid pressure rises from negative to positive values. A slight increase in lymph:plasma protein concentration occurs with a resulting fall in the transcapillary oncotic pressure gradient. These results indicate that the effect of bradykinin on intestinal lymph flow is attributable, at least in part, to increased capillary pressure, exchange vessel surface area, and a reduction in the effective transcapillary oncotic pressure gradient. PMID- 7296376 TI - The effect of 2-n-propyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindene on caffeine induced contractures of skeletal muscle. AB - It has been previously postulated that 2-n-propyl-3-dimethylamino-5,6 methylenedioxyindene (pr-MDI) exhibits calcium antagonistic properties with an intracellular site of action. The present investigation further substantiates this hypothesis by providing evidence that pr-MDI inhibits caffeine-induced contractures (which are mediated by intracellular calcium) of the isolated rat hemidiaphragm skeletal muscle both in the presence and in the absence of extracellular calcium. PMID- 7296378 TI - [Efflux of 36Cl and the distribution of chlorine in the papillary muscles of rabbits and the effect of ouabain]. AB - The 36Cl efflux "in vivo" was measured in the rabbit papillary muscle to determine the Cl distribution in the muscle and to evaluate the effect of ouabain on this parameter. The results obtained for the 36Cl efflux are analyzed using either a two-compartment model or a model including diffusion in the extracellular space in series with one compartment. The Cl exchange with 36Cl, [Cl]i (intracellular Cl content which has participated in exchange, Cl in equilibrium with 36Cl) is computed from the exponential terms of the models. A time exposure of 40 and 80 min to the 36Cl-containing solution led to the same exchange Cl content: 20.5 and 23.9 mmol/kg cells. Addition of ouabain (10(-6) M) slightly increased the rate constant of the cellular compartment, but did not influence the [Cl]i. In the presence of ouabain (10(-6) M), there was a significant increase in the efflux component with a rapid rate constant. These results can be interpreted as follows: the Cl intracellular concentration is not affected by ouabain; thus, the increase in total Cl content induced in the papillary muscle by ouabain is located in a compartment having a very rapid exchange velocity with the extracellular medium. PMID- 7296379 TI - Implications of the finding of calcium carbonate in rabbit urine with respect to renal acidification. AB - Formation of calcium carbonate or carbamino compounds in a bicarbonate solution should generate hydrogen ions and thereby elevate the PCO2 of that solution. The presence of these substances in rabbit urine was established by demonstrating a significantly lower value for urine total carbon dioxide content measured by microgasometry (number of moles) than with the titration technique (number of equivalents). As there was a significant correlation between the calcium and the carbonate contents in the urine, we surmised that most of the carbonate was in the form of a suspension of calcium carbonate. Direct analysis of precipitates from rabbit bladders confirmed this impression. The formation of calcium carbonate in a solution should raise the PCO2 by the reaction: Ca2+ + 2HCO3- leads to CaCO3 + H2CO3 with subsequent dehydration of the H2CO3. In vitro studies demonstrated that the addition of 1 mmol calcium to 1 L of a 200 mM bicarbonate solution raised the PCO2 by approximately 50 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). However, in vivo measurements of the PCO2 of rabbit urine containing a similar quantity of calcium carbonate revealed that there was no such rise in vivo (urine values = blood values). Therefore, the formation of calcium carbonate should have occurred at an earlier site in the nephron, thereby allowing the PCO2 to diffuse into peritubular capillaries during transit through the nephron. PMID- 7296381 TI - Transducer properties of atrial receptors in the dog after 60 min of increased atrial pressure. PMID- 7296380 TI - Species differences in histamine receptors in the seminal vesicle. AB - Histamine and specific H1- and H2-receptor agonists and antagonists in conjunction with phentolamine and (or) reserpine pretreatment were used to characterize histamine receptor(s) in the seminal vesicle of rat and guinea pig. Stimulation of H1 receptors produced a contraction whereas that of H2 receptors inhibited the contraction evoked by electrical field stimulation. The rat seminal vesicle was relatively refractory to the action of histamine and selective H1- or H2-receptor agonists. The evidence, however, does not preclude the presence of a small population of H2 receptors in this preparation. The guinea pig seminal vesicle contained both H1 and H2 receptors but the H1 receptors were dominant. The presence of H2 receptors in the guinea pig seminal vesicle could be demonstrated either with histamine after blockade of the dominant H1 receptor (mepyramine) or with dimaprit, a selective H2-receptor agonist. In a previous study, we reported that the mouse seminal vesicle contained an inhibitory H2 receptor but was virtually devoid of an excitatory H1 receptor. Data from that study and the present one indicate that there are marked qualitative and quantitative differences in the distribution of the two types of histamine receptors in the seminal vesicles of different species. PMID- 7296382 TI - Expired air volumes of males and females during cold water immersion. AB - Expired air volumes were measured from a random population of adult male and female human volunteers before and during short-term immersion in either cold (13.53 +/- 0.13 degrees C) or warm (33.18 +/- 0.11 degrees C) water. A statistically significant difference was found in the pulmonary ventilation over the first 4 min of immersion between males and females when immersed in cold water. The swim suits worn could not account for the differences observed. No statistically significant difference in pulmonary ventilation was found between males and females during warm water immersion. A numerically smaller group of volunteers was preheated in a sauna before immersion in cold or warm water and this resulted in an attenuated ventilatory response. In this instance there is no statistically significant difference in ventilation between males and females. Also, in another small group of volunteers, surface and deep skin temperatures were continuously measured before and during immersion in cold water. The rates of change of deep skin temperature between males and females were found to be similar. PMID- 7296383 TI - Thermoregulatory responses of tailed and tailless rats to isoproterenol. AB - Colonic temperatures were measured in tailed and tailless rats at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 26 degrees C prior to and following administration of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, at doses of 0, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 micrograms.kg-1. There was no significant difference between the colonic temperatures of tailed and tailless rats before drug injection. However, mean colonic temperature of tailless rats increased to a maximal level approximately 0.3 degrees higher than that of tailed rats after injection of 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 micrograms isoproterenol per kilogram. The duration of the hyperthermic response was 50-60 min longer in tailless than tailed rats after administration of 50 and 100 micrograms isoproterenol per kilogram. The rate of oxygen consumption (heat production) increased by 4.5 mL.min-1.kg-0.75 in both tailed and tailless rats after administration of 50 micrograms isoproterenol per kilogram, the only dose tested. Mean colonic temperature of tailless rats was significantly higher, by 0.2-0.5 degrees than that of tailed rats during the initial 60 min of exposure to Ta 36 degrees C and during the first 40 min following removal from Ta 40 degrees C to Ta 28 degrees C. These results suggest that the tail of the rat is required for short-term maintenance of colonic temperature during both external and internal heat stresses. PMID- 7296384 TI - Antagonism of calcium-induced contraction in potassium-depolarized rabbit detrusor muscle strips by dicyclomine hydrochloride and rociverine. AB - The musculotropic action of dicyclomine hydrochloride in bladder muscle has been attributed to its local anesthetic activity. In this study rabbit detrusor strips were depleted of calcium by incubation in Ca2+-free solution containing ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Contractions elicited by replacement of Ca2+ during depolarization with 80 mM K+ were only slightly affected by atropine or scopolamine but were antagonized in a noncompetitive manner by dicyclomine and rociverine (pD2' = 4.89 and 4.61, respectively). These contractions were also blocked with greater potency by nifedipine (pD2' = 8.50) and with lesser potency by lidocaine (pD2' = 2.52). Procaine was ineffective up to 1 mM. Comparison of the antagonism produced by dicyclomine and rociverine with that produced by nifedipine or lidocaine did not help to define the mechanism of the musculotropic drugs. However, as rociverine is not a local anesthetic and procaine was not effective, it appears that the "local anesthetic" property is not sufficient to explain the action of these musculotropic drugs. PMID- 7296385 TI - Dietary linoleic acid and salt-induced hypertension. AB - Male Wistar rats chronically fed a low level (0.41%) of linoleic acid (LA) in the diet as supplied by 5% olive oil developed a significant elevation of systolic blood pressure as compared with rats fed either a medium (4.2%) or high (9.4%) level of dietary LA. Chronic excess intake of NaCl (3.75% in the diet) was associated with a significant elevation of blood pressure on all three diets but a low level of LA in the diet exaggerated the salt-induced hypertension. The results suggest that inadequate dietary LA may result in an increase in systolic blood pressure regardless of the sodium content of the diet. PMID- 7296386 TI - Electrophysiologic effects and electrolyte changes in total myocardial ischemia. AB - The ventricular membrane potential was measured in the perfused rabbit heart under control conditions and during total cardiac ischemia produced by an arrest of the coronary perfusion. The steady-state inactivation characteristic of the sodium system and the sodium dependence of the upstroke velocity were determined by measurements of the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) as a function of the resting potential (RP) and the [Na]0 to [Na]i ratio. The intracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium ([Na]i, [K]i) were estimated from measurements of the cellular electrolyte content, the total water content, and the volume of the extracellular space. Ischemia produced a net sodium gain of 58 mmol/kg dry weight and a slight loss of potassium. As a consequence, [Na]i increased and [K]i decreased. Under ischemia the resting potential was closer to the potassium equilibrium potential than in the controls. The changes in action potential configuration and plateau level suggested that ischemia inhibited the slow inward current. The Vmax decreased within 10 min of ischemia. Neither membrane depolarization nor a reduction in the sodium gradient could entirely explain the low Vmax of ischemic cells. It is concluded that the electrophysiologic effects of ischemia result from changes in ionic gradients and membrane electrical properties. PMID- 7296387 TI - Methylxanthines antagonize adenosine but not morphine inhibition in guinea pig ileum. AB - In the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle strip preparation the inhibitory actions of adenosine were antagonized by various concentrations of theophylline (12.5 and 100 micro M) and 8-phenyltheophylline (4 and 20 micro M). However, the inhibitory actions of morphine were not antagonized by the same concentration of theophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline. These results suggest that in the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle-strip adenosine is not a mediator in the inhibitory actions of morphine. PMID- 7296388 TI - Enkephalin-induced inhibition of the isolated rat ileum is not blocked by naloxone. PMID- 7296389 TI - Distribution of serum paraoxon hydrolyzing activities in a Canadian population. PMID- 7296390 TI - Single cells from adult mammalian heart: isolation procedure and preliminary electrophysiological studies. AB - Single ventricular cells have been isolated from adult guinea pig heart using a collagenase enzyme method. The procedure is straightforward, takes about 20 min, and yields 40-65% rod-shaped cells which are quiescent in millimolar Ca2+ solution. Electrophysiological studies involving external ion changes and ionic channel inhibitors suggest that the cells retain their active membrane properties following this enzymatic dissociation. PMID- 7296391 TI - Septo-hippocampal pathway modulates hippocampal activity by a cholinergic mechanism. AB - In rats under urethane, multibarrelled microelectrodes were used to record field responses of CA1 hippocampal pyramids evoked by fimbrial-commissural stimulation. A strong potentiation of population spikes could be obtained by either a local release of ACh or by a brief tetanic stimulation of the medial septum (which by itself evoked only minimal field responses of the hippocampus). Both effects were sharply reduced after intravenous injections of large doses of atropine or scopolamine, indicating that the septo-hippocampal innervation is to an important degree cholinergic and muscarinic. However, since dimethylphenylpiperazinium (a nicotinic ganglionic agonist) can also evoke population spikes, a significant though variable component of this cholinergic action may operate via nicotinic receptors. PMID- 7296392 TI - Evaluation of surgical denervation of the liver in cats. AB - Bilateral carotid arterial occlusion was used as a means of reflexly activating hepatic sympathetic nerves in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. The resultant hepatic arterial constriction was used as an index of effective surgical denervation of the liver in situations where the hepatic arterial blood pressure was held constant or was allowed to rise parallel with the systemic blood pressure. Cutting the anterior nerve plexus (around the common hepatic artery) produced a highly variable but incomplete reduction in the constrictor response to carotid occlusion. The remainder of the constrictor effect was abolished only when the posterior plexus and hepatic ligament were also cut. Thus, vascular resistance in the hepatic artery is controlled by both the anterior and posterior hepatic plexuses but the contribution of each plexus varies considerably from animal to animal. This must be considered in any experiments that use, or have used, denervation or stimulation of the hepatic nerves. PMID- 7296393 TI - Hering-Breuer inflation reflex in young and adult mammals. AB - The apnea following lung inflation (Hering-Breuer expiratory promoting reflex) is a vagally mediated reflex which is initiated by the activation of pulmonary stretch receptors (PSR) and terminated by the interaction of several factors, which include adaptation of PSR, chemical stimuli, level of anaesthesia, and body temperature. Since PSR activity is determined by the changes in airway tension, the interpretation of the strength of vagal reflexes on the basis of changes in lung volume rather than transpulmonary pressure can be misleading when the mechanical properties of the respiratory system are not constant. In this study we compared the reflex apnea resulting from lung inflation of young and adult mammals, the respiratory system it can be considered weaker or stronger in the young depending upon the normalizing parameter used. However, when considered on the basis of the relative changes in transpulmonary pressure, which better reflects the activation of PSR, the reflex is weaker in young rats and rabbits than in their adult counterparts an similar in dogs. The analysis of the underlying mechanisms suggests a weaker vagal contribution in the young animal, but a satisfactory conclusion requires a better knowledge of the factors which, in the younger animals, result in the termination of the apnea. PMID- 7296394 TI - Slow diffusion of Ca2+ in the rat's hippocampus. AB - Ca2+-sensitive microelectrodes, attached to CaCl2-containing micropipettes, were inserted into the dorsal hippocampus of rats under urethane. When Ca2+ was released iontophoretically, the amplitude and time course of the resultant increase in extracellular ca2+ concentration could be fitted to a simple diffusion model, but the apparent diffusion coefficient of Ca2+ was only about 1/100 of its value in water, possibly because of reversible Ca/+ binding to hippocampal tissue. A further anomaly was a very low transport number (less than 0.01) for the release of Ca2+ from microelectrodes in vivo. PMID- 7296395 TI - Ibotenic acid: its excitatory and possibly sedative actions in cerebral cortex. AB - A slowly developing excitation with after discharge is produced by microiontophoretic application of the racemate of ibotenic acid to pericruciate cortical neurons of cats which had been "decerebrated" by forebrain isolation during brief anesthesia. The extracellular observed excitation tended to accumulate with repeated applications. In many instances the ibotenate excitation was blocked with local administration of H2-receptor antagonists which also "'antagonized" glutamate excitation. With intracellular recording, similar iontophoretic applications of ibotenate were observed to produce longlasting depolarizations and repetitive firing which was not maintained despite suprathreshold depolarization. These actions were not accompanied by consistent changes in membrane resistance. A most striking feature of ibotenate action was to increase spontaneous synaptic activity and the amplitude of EPSP's evoked by electrical stimulation of the cortical surface or n. ventralis lateralis of the thalamus. These new data are strongly suggestive of presynaptic actions of ibotenate in the cerebral cortex although postsynaptic actions of this isoxazole presumably are also important to an understanding of how ibotenate produces its inebriating and hypnotic effects in animals and man. PMID- 7296396 TI - Rapid vertical tube rotor gradient assay for binding of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to the Ah receptor. AB - The Ah receptor, which regulates induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (cytochrome P1-450), can be assayed using [3H] 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin (TCDD) as the radioligand. Sucrose density gradient (SDG) centrifugation is the most reliable method for detecting and quantitating Ah receptor; however, previous gradient assays in swinging bucket rotors (SBR) have required overnight centrifugation to achieve adequate separation of specific receptor peaks from nonspecific binding to other cytosolic components. These lengthy runs limit the number of assays which can be performed and could permit excessive dissociation of radioligand from the receptor. Thus, we tested brief (2-h) SDG centrifugation assays in a vertical tube rotor (VTR) as a possible alternative to prolonged SBR runs. Two-hour VTR runs yield gradient profiles very similar to those obtained with 16-h runs in an SBR and the calculated sedimentation coefficient (in low ionic strength buffer) is about 9.6 S for the Ah receptor assayed in either rotor. The concentration of Ah receptor in cytosols from liver, lung, kidney, and testis of C57BL/6J mice is the same by VTR analysis as when measured by SBR analysis. Thus, extensive dissociation of [3H]TCDD from the Ah receptor does not appear to occur in cytosols from a variety of tissues even with run times up to 16 h. Assays performed by rapid VTR centrifugation appear equally valid to those obtained by overnight SBR centrifugation. PMID- 7296397 TI - A theoretical discussion of the use of the Lineweaver-Burk plot to estimate kinetic parameters of intestinal transport in the presence of unstirred water layers. AB - Transport of a solute molecule from the bulk phase in the intestinal lumen into the mucosal cells is determined by the rate of movement of the solute molecule across two barriers, the unstirred water layers (UWL) and the microvillus membrane. Failure to account for the effect of the resistance offered by the UWL introduces significant errors into the estimate of kinetic constants of carrier mediated transport, and these errors may be further magnified by the use of the Lineweaver-Burk plot. This study was under taken to determine use of this plot under conditions that depict the effect of varying the effective resistance of the UWL, the distribution of transport sites along the villus (fn), the passive permeability coefficient (P), the maximal transport rate (Jdm), and the Michaelis constant (Km). Theoretical curves derived from a new equation demonstrate that (1) the Lineweaver-Burk plot is linear under only a limited number of conditions, and even then may lead to serous over- or under-estimation of Jdm and Km; (2) failure to correct for passive permeation may give rise to additional quantitative discrepancies between the true and apparent values of Jdm and Km; and (3) the qualitative characteristics of a carrier-mediated intestinal transport system may be ascertained only after correction for the contribution of passive permeation, and after correction for the effective resistance of the UWL. PMID- 7296398 TI - Fetal and maternal estrogen concentrations throughout pregnancy in the sheep. PMID- 7296399 TI - Effect of low concentrations of ethanol on CA1 hippocampal neurons in vitro. AB - The effects of ethanol (10, 20, 50, and 100 mM) have been studied on field potentials in the CA1 region of the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Ethanol produced depression of the orthodromically evoked CA1 population spike and raised the threshold for orthodromic spike production. The effects of ethanol on the size of the population spike were highly correlated with the amount of the inhibition present in the slice as measure by paired pulse stimulation in control medium. Ethanol increased recurrent inhibition in the slice but had no significant effect on the antidromic response and produced only small changes in the dendritic field potential amplitudes. Adaptation or acute tolerance to the depressing effects of ethanol was observed in many slices. It is suggested that ethanol acts by potentiating the intrinsic inhibitory system in the hippocampus. PMID- 7296400 TI - Effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the heat production of warm- and cold acclimated sheep. AB - The heat production (HP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate, rumen motility, and body temperature responses to 2.5-h adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) intrajugular infusions at 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60, and 0.90 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 were studied in 10 shorn wethers which had been chronically (3-8 weeks) exposed to warm (19-24 degrees C) or moderately cold (8-13 degrees C) temperatures. Heat production, as estimated from respired gas analysis, increased 40-45% with all doses of A and the effect was potentiated by chronic cold exposure. Only the higher dose rates of NA induced an increase in HP. The maximum HP increase due to NA was 30% and the effect was not influenced by chronic cold exposure. Thermoneutral HP was greater by 16-19% in cold-acclimated as compared with warm acclimated sheep. Corresponding to the HP effects of A and NA, all doses of A and the highest dose of NA resulted in slight increases in rectal temperature. Respiration rate increased with increased dose rate of NA but only the highest dose of a resulted in an increase in respiration rate. HR, rectal temperature, and respiration rate responses to A and NA were not influenced by cold acclimation. PMID- 7296401 TI - Hanseniaspora nodinigri, a new yeast species found in black knots (Dibotryon morbosum) of Prunus virginiana. AB - The new yeast species Hanseniaspora nodinigri is described to accommodate members of the genus Hanseniaspora that are unable to assimilate glucono-sigma-lactone and isolated from stromatal tissue of black knots (Dobotryon morbosum) of chokecherry, Prunus virginiana. The newly described taxon shows much resemblance, by other criteria, to H. vineae van der Walt et Tscheuschner and H. osmophila (Niehaus) Phaff, Miller et Shifrine. PMID- 7296402 TI - Comparison of highly basic cyanogen bromide peptides from strains of southern bean mosaic virus. PMID- 7296403 TI - Germination of macroconidia and growth of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum in vitro. AB - Macroconidia of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Scleroninia spp., were induced to germinate by aqueous and ethanolic extracts of sclerotia of sclerotinia minor. Paper chromatography of sclerotial extracts indicated the presence of several amino acids and carbohydrates, chiefly glucose. Glucose was identified as the principal germination stimulant in ethanolic extracts. Glucose, fructose, mannose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, soluble starch, and glycerol at 0.1% (w/v) stimulated macroconidia to germinate in 3-6 days at 25 degrees C. Crude sclerotial extracts, and glucose combined with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, supported germination of greater numbers of macroconidia than glucose alone. Yeast extract, Casamino acids, peptone, and several carbon substrates alone did not support germination. Macroconidia germinated well (greater than 30%) over the range of pH 3-7; maximum germination (greater than 80%) occurred at pH 5.0-5.5. Mycelial growth in a glucose - Casamino acids - mineral salts medium was also greatest in the range of pH 5.0 5.5, but growth fell off sharply below pH 4.5 and above pH 6.0. The fungus grew slowly on several complex agar media adjusted to pH 5.5. PMID- 7296404 TI - Nutritional and environmental factors affecting growth and sporulation of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum. AB - Three of five isolates of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., grew well on an agar medium containing mineral salts, glucose, thiamine, and glutamine or Casamino acids as the nitrogen source. The nitrogen requirement for two of the isolates was satisfied by NH4Cl, Casamino acids, or glutamine. Glutamine was the best single nitrogen source. Only one isolate, CS-1, was used in further nutritional studies. The optimum concentration of glutamine for growth was 5 g/L. Glucose, mannose, mannitol, and cellobiose were excellent carbon sources. A glucose concentration of 20 g/L was optimum. Mannitol supported greater growth than glucose with Casamino acids as the nitrogen source but glucose was the superior carbon source with glutamine as the nitrogen source. Greatest growth was achieved with a combination of these carbon and nitrogen sources. Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, isolate CS-1, required thiamine for growth and sporulation. Biotin stimulated growth. The fungus developed maximally within the range of pH 5.0-5.5 and growth was greatly reduced at a pH below 4.0 or above 6.0. Control of acidity by the periodic addition of NaOH solution permitted substantially increased growth. The optimum temperature for growth was 22.5-25.0 degrees C but production of macroconidia was greatest at 15-20 degrees C. PMID- 7296405 TI - The effect of polarization on the attachment of marine bacteria to copper and platinum surfaces. AB - Electrochemical polarization of copper and platinum was shown to affect the attachment of two marine bacteria to the surfaces of these metals in seawater. Attachment of both bacteria to copper surfaces was enhanced by polarizing the metal cathodically, whereas attachment was reduced when the copper was anodically polarized. Anodic polarization of platinum also retarded bacterial attachment but overpotentials higher then those for copper were required to produce the same effect. The pH was measured at a distance of 50 micron m from the polarized surfaces. Changes in pH at the metal-seawater interface correlated with the attachment of bacteria, and may have influenced bacterial attachment to polarized surfaces. PMID- 7296406 TI - The transmembrane electrical potential and intracellular pH in methanogenic bacteria. AB - The magnitudes of the electrical potential and proton gradient in Methanospirillum hungatei GP1 and Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were determined. No delta pH (inside alkaline) could be demonstrated in either organism suspended in growth media at normal growth pH values by the distribution of 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO), butyrate, propionate, or methylamine. The internal pH, estimated to be approximately 6.7 under our growth conditions, was not constant, but varied as the external pH was adjusted. However, the internal pH was always more neutral than the external pH (except at pH 6.7 where the two were equal). The distribution of triphenylmethylphosphonium cation, in the presence of tetraphenylboron anion, gave estimates of 119 and 79 mV (interior negative) for the electrical potentials of the thermophile and mesophile, respectively, for cells suspended in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The uptake of 86Rb+, in the presence of valinomycin, gave similar results for M. thermoautotrophicum, ranging from 143 mV (at pH 5.8) to 120 mV (at pH 8.0). Electrical potentials compared to the size of the respective K+ gradients, maintained between the cytoplasm and growth medium. The results are interpreted in terms of proton efflux and monovalent cation antiport activities at the cytoplasmic membrane, with possible proton pumping at the site of internal vesicles. PMID- 7296407 TI - Isolation and characterization of the plasma membrane and the outer membrane of Deinococcus radiodurans strain Sark. AB - Deinococcus radiodurans strain Sark, although gram-positive, has a complex cell wall profile that includes an outer membrane-like structure. The outer cell envelope layers formed blebs throughout the growth cycle, which were shed as large vesicles (0.5-3.5 micron m in diameter) from approximately 5% of the cell population. Instability was accentuated by treatment with 10% NaCl, which released the outer membrane from all cells without disrupting the peptidoglycan layer, and provided an outer membrane fraction uncontaminated by plasma membrane. Cells so treated formed protoplasts after sequential treatment with 6 M urea, trypsin, and the supernatant from batch cultures of Lysobacter enzymogenes 495. The plasma membrane was isolated from lysed protoplasts. The absence of presence of catalase activity, and differences in lipid composition, were used to differentiate between plasma membrane and outer membrane. PMID- 7296408 TI - Methionine transport by mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. AB - Mycelia of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici accumulated L-methionine by an energy-dependent process, and the energy required for uptake may be derived from either respiration or glycolysis. The pH optimum for transport was 4 and the temperature optimum was 35 degrees C. The apparent Km for methionine uptake was 2.5-3.3 microM and the Vmax 0.24-0.30 mmol . min-1 . mg dry weight-1. S adenosylhomocysteine (Ado-Hcys) was the major metabolic product of methionine although S-adenosylmethionine (Ado-Met), homocysteine (Hcys), and an unidentified metabolite (compound X) were also detected. The failure to demonstrate efflux of accumulated methionine in the presence of the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol or excess unlabeled methionine was probably due to the fact that methionine was rapidly metabolized within the cells. Acidic and basic amino acids, and those amino acids having less than a four-carbon chain, did not inhibit methionine uptake. The rate of uptake of methionine, which was greatest in log phase mycelia, decreased substantially as the cells entered the stationary phase. PMID- 7296409 TI - Transformation of Pseudomonas syringae with nonconjugative R plasmids. AB - Transformation of Pseudomonas syringae strains with plasmid DNA occurs at a frequency of 1 x 10(-3) to 4 x 10(-9) per recipient cell, depending on the strain, plasmid, and conditions for transformation. R plasmids used successfully in transformation were pR0161 (26 x 10(6) molecular weight) and RSF1010 (5.5 x 10(6) molecular weight). Transformation involved growing the recipient cells to approximately 8 x 10(8) colony-forming units per millilitre in 50 mL of a nutrient broth. After washes with a 150 mM CaCl2 - 10% (v/v) glycerol mixture, cells were concentrated 20-fold and resuspended in this solution. The cells then were incubated with purified plasmid DNA for 1 h prior to heat pulse at 45 degrees C for 2 min. Transformants were selected by antibiotic resistance and plasmid presence was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. With plasmid pCG131 (34 x 10(6) molecular weight; putatively associated with syringomycin production), transformation of syringomycin-negative P. syringae strains that contained no detectable plasmid or were cured of pCG131 was unsuccessful, whether the plasmid was used alone or in combination with either pR0161 or RSF1010. PMID- 7296410 TI - Mycotoxin production by Chaetomium spp. and related fungi. AB - Screening for mycotoxin production by Chaetomium spp. and related fungi on rice culture was conducted by a combination of cytotoxicity tests using HeLa cells and thin-layer chromatography. Producers of sterigmatocystin, O methylsterigmatocystin, chaetochromin, chaetocin, chetomin, cochliodinols, and mollicellin G were found and the taxonomic significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7296411 TI - The reduction of trimethylarsine oxide by Candida humicola. AB - Trimethylarsine oxide, a probable intermediate in the biological transformation of arsenate, was reduced to volatile trimethylarsine by Candida humicola. A simple assay for the rate of trimethylarsine production from trimethylarsine oxide by the fungus was developed. The optimum pH for the reduction was determined as 5.1-5.2, and the optimum temperature was 40 degrees C. The rate of reduction was directly proportional to cell concentration and followed Michaelis Menten type kinetics. There was almost no trimethylarsine produced by heated or broken cells. The reaction was inhibited by a number of electron transport inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation including cyanide, azide, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The rate of reduction was modified by arsenate, methylarsonate, dimethylarsinate, selenate, and tellurate. Preincubation of cells with trimethylarsine oxide increased the rate of reduction 69-fold; this increase in activity was blocked if the cells were incubated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. PMID- 7296412 TI - Inhibition of Anatid herpesvirus replication by phosphonoacetate. AB - Phosphonoacetate was found to be an effective inhibitor of the replication and cytopathic effects (CPE) associated with Anatid herpesvirus (AHV) infections in avian cells. In low multiplicity of infection (MOI) (10(-3) or less) infected Pekin duck and chicken fibroblast cultures, the dosage required for a 50% plaque reduction was approximately 20 microgram/ml. The amount of the inhibitor needed for complete prevention of CPE was found to be MOI dependent with up to 190 microgram/mL required at a MOI of 1.1. Delayed addition of phosphonoacetate to AHV-infected cultures resulted in differing CPE. When added before 25 h postinfection, the CPE were largely prevented. Added between 25 and 40 h postinfection, the CPE consisted of nonproductive, nonperforate focal areas containing viable and nonviable cells. The focal areas did not appreciably increase in size or number in the continued presence of phosphonoacetate, were chromophilic, and tended to be replaced by morphologically normal cells, provided the presence of phosphonoacetate was continued. Maintaining phosphonoacetate in the presence of infected cultures for periods of 7 days or longer resulted in curing and a complete loss of infections virus in the medium and in cell lysates. PMID- 7296413 TI - Stable isotope fractionation by Clostridium pasteurianum. 4. Sulfur isotope fractionation during enzymatic S3O6(2-), S2O3(2-), and SO3(2-) reductions. AB - Cell-free extracts from Clostridium pasteurianum grown on SO3(2-) utilize H2 to reduce S3O6(2-), S2O3(2-), SO3(2-) to H2S at a much faster rate than extracts from SO4(2-)-grown cells. This further supports the concept of an inducible dissimilatory type SO3(2-) reductive pathway in this organism. 35S dilution experiments further support the concept that S3O6(2-) and S2O3(2-) are pathway intermediates. The inducible SO3(2-) reductase is ferredoxin linked and the kinetics of the reduction and the sulfur isotope fractionation of the product can be altered by altering the growth conditions. The attending sulfur isotope fractionations are similar to those observed during the chemical decomposition of these compounds. In the case of S2O3(2-), 35S labelling experiments verified the conclusions derived from the stable isotope fractionation data concerning the relative reduction rates of the sulfane and sulfonate sulfurs. The reduction rates were also affected by enzyme concentration. The integrity of the whole cell is a necessary requirement for the large inverse isotope effects previously reported. PMID- 7296414 TI - Incidence of Campylobacter jejuni in fresh eviscerated whole market chickens. PMID- 7296415 TI - Identification of sterigmatocystin as a metabolite of Monocillium nordinii. PMID- 7296416 TI - Plasmid DNA in acidophilic, chemolithotrophic thiobacilli. AB - Plasmid patterns were determined in 15 strains of iron-oxidizing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. In four of these strains plasmid DNA was not detected. In the other strains the molecular weights of plasmids ranged from 5 x 10(6) to 50 x 10(6) and each strain had a different plasmid composition. The change of growth substrate from ferrous iron to tetrathionate did not affect the plasmid pattern in T. ferrooxidans nor did it in T. acidophilus, which was adapted from glucose to grow on tetrathionate. PMID- 7296417 TI - A simple procedure for partial purification of an RNAase of Entamoeba invadens. AB - The behavior of an RNAase, present in centrifugally clarified homogenates of axenic trophozoites of Entamoeba invadens, on isoelectric focusing (IEF) and agarose-poly(G) chromatography is described. The results led to a simple two-step procedure for partial purification of the RNAase in which fractionation of the homogenate by IEF is followed by agarose-poly(G) chromatography. Recovery of enzyme activity has ranged from 50 to 80% of that present in homogenates, and increases of 80- to 160-fold in the specific activity have been obtained using the procedure. A single zone of activity was observed on analysis of the partially purified RNAase by sucrose gradient IEF and velocity zonal ultracentrifugation. PMID- 7296419 TI - Extraneural metastases of a cerebral astrocytoma. PMID- 7296418 TI - Effects of carbon and nitrogen supplementation on lignin and cellulose decomposition by a Streptomyces. AB - Effects of nitrogen source and concentration and organic carbon cosubstrates on lignin and cellulose degradation by Streptomyces badius strain 252 were examined using 14C-labeled substrates prepared from Pseudotsuga menziesii twigs. As compared with white-rot fungi, which do not degrade lignin in the absence of a readily metabolizable carbon cosubstrate, degradation of a milled-wood lignin occurred in a minimal medium, although degradation by S. badius was greatly enhanced when organic nitrogen and an organic carbon cosubstrate were added to the medium. Lignin degradation was greatest in the presence of high levels of organic nitrogen. Further enhancement of lignin and cellulose degradation occurred in a medium containing organic nitrogen supplemented with low levels of NO3-. The specific effects of inorganic nitrogen on lignocellulose degradation by S. badius in an otherwise optimal medium included both enhancement and inhibition of lignin or cellulose degradation depending on the source and concentration of inorganic nitrogen used. These effects were distinctly different from those observed with white-rot fungi and were shown to be specific ion effects on polymer degradation and not simply a salt concentration effect on cellular growth. PMID- 7296420 TI - The computerized tomographic assessment of brain infarcts. PMID- 7296421 TI - Neuropsychological changes following carotid endarterectomy. AB - Fifty-five subjects undergoing carotid endarterectomy were grouped according to side of operation, i.e. right, left and bilateral. There subjects were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery prior to and six months following surgery. The performance of these subjects was compared with a control group undergoing surgical procedures that did not involve the brain or cerebral vasculature, and a second control group composed of patients with cerebrovascular symptoms who were not operated. It was found that as a group the endarterectomy subjects improved on a greater percentage of measures. When various subgroups were examined, it was found that the right operated stroke patients improved on significantly more measures than any other group. The difference between right and left stroke patients was significant, but there was no difference between right and left TIA patients in the extent of improvement. These findings were discussed in terms of possible underlying mechanisms. PMID- 7296422 TI - Chronic levodopa and renal function. AB - Renal function studies were performed in seventeen patients, under metabolic ward conditions, before the initiation of therapy with levodopa. These studies were repeated during the first two to three weeks of treatment and, again, after one to two years of chronic therapy. There were no significant differences between the results of pre- and post-therapy studies, except that the blood urea nitrogen was slightly, but significantly, elevated in the nine patients who had been on the drug for one to two years. During the early weeks of treatment, there was an insignificant trend towards hypotension and increased excretion of sodium. This did not persist in those patients followed for one to two years after the initiation of treatment. Glomerular filtration rate, as measured by an endogenous method, was unchanged by chronic therapy with levodopa. These results are in contrast to the acutely increased glomerular filtration rate, as measured by an exogenous method, and the increased sodium excretion following a single dose of levodopa or dopamine. PMID- 7296423 TI - Spinal cord swelling in multiple sclerosis. AB - Three cases of subacutely progressive spinal paraparesis had myelographic evidence of spinal cord swelling suggesting the diagnosis of intramedullary tumour. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was made in each case with the aid of CSF protein electrophoresis, evoked responses and CT scan. Because acute MS may produce cord swelling simulating tumor or syrinx, these additional investigations may be necessary to make a correct diagnosis. PMID- 7296424 TI - Pitfalls in posterior fossa CT scanning: an illustrative case report. PMID- 7296425 TI - Neurenteric cysts of the spinal cord mimicking multiple sclerosis. AB - A 54-year-old man died following a 20-year course of intermittent neurologic symptoms. He carried a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, with most severe involvement thought to be in the spinal cord. At autopsy, two neurenteric (enterogenous) cysts were found to indent the anterior spinal cord -- at the T4 and T11 cord levels. Partial diplomyelia was present in the lumbo-sacral cord. These findings represent a unique combination of congenital abnormalities. Their embryogenesis and pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7296426 TI - Pasteurella multocida subdural empyema: a case report. AB - The first case of Pasteurella Multocida subdural empyema is reported. This was secondary to hematogenous spread from the pharynx to a chronic subdural hematoma. Positive cultures were obtained from the primary source, the blood and the subdural space. The patient was discharged with no neurological deficit following surgical drainage and parenteral antibiotics. The incidence, predisposing factors, clinical features, bacteriology, diagnostic procedures, treatment and mortality of subdural empyema are briefly discussed. PMID- 7296427 TI - The effect of plasmapheresis on post-thymectomy ocular dysfunction. AB - Five myasthenia patients with post-thymectomy residual ocular signs were treated with plasmapheresis. Despite a significant reduction in AChR antibody titer, there was no clinical improvement. Subsequently, there was a dramatic response to prednisone. The AChR antibody titer did not correlate with the clinical state of the individual patient. It is suggested that plasmapheresis may operate by removing a thymic factor and that prednisone acts by a different mechanism. PMID- 7296428 TI - Abnormal proximal axons of Clarke's neurons in sporadic motor neuron disease. PMID- 7296429 TI - Anoxic tonic seizures due to asthma; a serious complication in adults. AB - Anoxic tonic seizures are reported as a complication of severe asthma in two adults. The nature of these attacks can be misinterpreted. They do not indicate the presence of a recurrent seizure problem unconnected to the episodes of anoxia caused by asthma. These attacks do not respond to antiepileptic medication, but cease if the asthma can be controlled. One of our patients developed an anoxic encephalopathy and the other died. The need for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment is emphasized. PMID- 7296430 TI - Symposium: anorexia nervosa and obesity--recent developments. PMID- 7296431 TI - Developmental considerations of anorexia nervosa and obesity. AB - The differentiation of the distinct clinical syndrome of anorexia nervosa from atypical cases is based on the following distinguishing features: a relentless pursuit of thinness; an almost delusional disturbance of body image; an inability to correctly identify hunger from other bodily or tension states; a lack of an identity awareness; and a paralyzing sense of ineffectiveness. This sense of ineffectiveness, pervasive of all thought and action, is connected with the perception of the self as acting only in response to the demands of others and is camouflaged by negativism and defiance. The core developmental issues of being unable to experience the control over one's own body and of lacking the conviction of living one's own life are based on the severe deficits in autonomy and initiative, originating from the distortion and mislabeling of feelings, sensation and moods in early childhood. The treatment process focuses on evoking awareness in these patients of their impulses, feelings and needs as originating within themselves as an essential step in the development of a sense of competence and self-esteem. PMID- 7296432 TI - Some recent observations on the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. AB - Studies of diagnostic subtypes within the anorexia nervosa syndrome has given rise to the differentiation of a bulimic subgroup as distinct from the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa. The bulimic subtype is characterized by the use of vomiting and laxatives to induce weight loss; a display of impulse-related behaviours; extraversion and sexual activity in contrast to the isolation of the restrictive group; and a family history of obesity in the mother, all suggesting a subcategory within the primary anorexia nervosa syndrome. Investigation of behaviours and attitudes related to anorexia nervosa in a group of dancers disclosed a significantly elevated attitude toward food and body image characteristic of anorexia nervosa in this group and ten times the expected prevalence of the disorder itself. This is suggestive of the relative importance of cultural pressures towards thinness and anorexia nervosa in certain populations as one factor amongst others in the multi-determined origin of this condition. This cultural pressure is consistent with a disturbance of body image perception in anorexia nervosa. This disturbance seems to be stable in the same individual over a period of one year, is related to a poor prognosis and is correlated with measures of psychopathology including helplessness, depression and anhedonia. It is also correlated with a satiety defect as reflected in a failure to develop an aversion to sucrose when directly tested. PMID- 7296433 TI - Body image in anorexia nervosa. AB - Despite much recent interest in the objective measurement of body image in anorexia nervosa, many questions remain regarding basic mechanisms responsible for the findings as well as their meaning in the disorder. It is unclear if "whole body" measures assess the same underlying phenomena as the "body part" method, and it is unclear if body image disturbances are etiologic or a byproduct of anorexia nervosa. The possible association between self-esteem and body satisfaction and the relationship of the latter variable to actual size estimation supports the hypothesis that size perception may be closely tied to satisfaction with non-physical aspects of self. Finally it must be determined if overestimation is a function of a general psychological disturbance or of a deficit of specific interest in this disorder. Despite these questions, the way in which anorexic patients see themselves as well as the cognitive and affective responses to this perception remains an interesting and potentially fruitful area of study with this disorder. PMID- 7296434 TI - Therapeutic outcome in anorexia nervosa. AB - There are no controlled studies of the outcome of treatment for anorexia nervosa. An early study showed that biologically recovered anorectics were, as a group, socially phobic four years following the completion of treatment. This position is more sophisticated and mature than that at the time of their original anorexia and one shared by many "normal" people. A recent study evaluated treatment in terms of strict criteria for good outcome: all the patients had been severely ill with anorexia nervosa when first seen. Four to seven years later, 84% were holding a body weight above the pubertal threshold but of these, 2% were obese and 18% were well below average adult weight. Sixty-four percent, therefore, were sustaining a normal and stable body weight and the majority of these had regular menses. Quite a number were preoccupied with body shape, but their psychosocial adjustment was reasonable. In contrast, 14% had remained severely ill and only 2% had died. These findings suggest that treatment aims at altering the long term cause of the disorder for the better is probably effective in (a) helping about 20 to 30% of the population to recover who would not otherwise have done so; and (b) in preventing some deaths. PMID- 7296435 TI - A practice oral examination rating scale--inter-observer reliability. AB - Three videotaped practice clinical, oral examinations were rated by 9, 9 and 11 raters respectively. Raters were all certified specialists engaged in training residents for the certification examinations. In two of the simulated examinations considerable differences in rating scores, to the extent of pass/fail disagreement, were found. The significance of the findings, including the possibility that one examiner may "contaminate" another, is discussed. Further work is essential to develop reliable instruments for rating certification examinations, whatever their format, as the Royal College policies evolve. PMID- 7296436 TI - Nosology and statistical classification. AB - There is a fundamental difference between nosology and a statistical classification, and the two should not be confused. The discipline of nosology uses scientific methods to arrive at a classification of psychiatric disorders and is concerned with the validity of its entities. A statistical classification aims to attain the widest compliance in spite of differences in the theoretical orientation of its users. It must therefore be atheoretical, and must represent a widely negotiated agreement between its future users. The most important statistical classification is the "International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death" (ICD-9) endorsed by the member states of the World Health Organization. The DSM III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), a newly accepted classification of the American Psychiatric Association, departs in many ways from the ICD-9, and Canada will have to decide whether adherence to ICD-9 should continue, or be replaced by the adoption of DSM III. Advantages and disadvantages of the DSM III are briefly discussed. PMID- 7296437 TI - Medical and social factors associated with psychological distress in a sample of community aged. AB - Two hundred persons over 80 in two urban communities were interviewed. Of those interviewed, 21% evidenced psychological impairment as defined by the presence of at least one of the following self-report symptoms: 1) depression; 2) periods of inability to function; 3) suicidal ideation; 4) alcohol problems and 5) use of psychotropic medication. A profile of the psychologically impaired group compared to the psychologically healthy showed that accidents (mostly falls), eye problems and few social contacts were significantly associated with impairment. Approximately 75% had some restrictions on activity due to physical health problems. Social isolation was marked: 54% either had no children or saw them less than once a month; 38% visited with close friends or relatives less than once a month; 19% were rated as having very little or no social support; and 23% socialized beyond the household less than once a week. Social interaction was the strongest predictor of psychological wellbeing (Affect Balance Scale) in a multiple regression analysis that included physical health and socioeconomic variables. Questions about service needs and utilization indicated unmet needs in the areas of transportation, house maintenance, medical services, and a regular visiting service. PMID- 7296438 TI - Patients' reactions to their commitment. AB - The authors surveyed the reactions toward commitment of 61 respondents out of a sample of 100 patients who had been committed to hospital during a one year period. The patients reported little change in their life situation as a result of committal and most viewed committal quite neutrally. They generally felt uninformed of their rights and indicated little intent to appeal the commitments, but wished to be assured that their rights were being considered and protected. Most saw psychiatrists as the professional group best equipped to bring about a committal. The importance of consumer surveys in controversial areas such as this is underscored. PMID- 7296439 TI - [Subliminal perception and the levels of activation]. AB - The influence of the auditory subliminal messages on the level of activation has been evaluated through a double-blind study. Twenty consenting subjects were alternately submitted to activating and deactivating subliminal messages. Activation changes were estimated through the variations in the scores at the Mood Adjective Check List. Five out of this test's six factors concerned by the content of the subliminal messages responded differently according to the nature of these messages; four factors did so to a statistically significant degree. These results tend to indicate that auditory subliminal perceptions can influence the level of activation. The authors raise several questions, especially stressing that the parameters regulating subliminal response and susceptibility remain largely undefined and in need of systematic investigation. PMID- 7296440 TI - Depression associated with cimetidine. AB - Over the past three years we have seen twelve patients who have become depressed while taking cimetidine. Clinically the depression is similar to that seen in a Primary Affective Disorder. Two representative cases are presented. It is suggested that cimetidine has precipitated a depressive reaction is vulnerable patients. Tricyclic antidepressants are effective in relieving the depression. It is postulated that cimetidine, by blocking H2 receptors in the CNS, produces an imbalance between H1 and H2. This imbalance may be an etiological factor in precipitating the depression. Tricyclic antidepressants have little effect on H2 but are potent H1 receptor blockers. This H1 blockade could restore the balance between H1 and H2, thereby relieving the depression. PMID- 7296441 TI - Schizophrenia and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 7296442 TI - An essential component of training in psychiatry. PMID- 7296443 TI - "Antisocial adolescents: our treatments do not work--where do we go from here?". PMID- 7296444 TI - The current level of psychodynamic knowledge of candidates for the Canadian certification examination in psychiatry. AB - Candidates at the certification examination in psychiatry of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada are noted by the author to have a lesser degree of psychodynamic sophistication than might be expected of psychiatric specialists. To test this hypothesis a number of sample questions were administered to examinees and their answers suggest that they do indeed perform less well than might have been hoped. It is argued that the examination procedure may be a legitimate instrument for rectifying this situation. PMID- 7296445 TI - The psychiatric training of medical students. AB - Undergraduate psychiatric education should be concerned mostly with those aspects of psychiatry required for the proper practice of medicine. Psychiatric concepts and techniques are applicable to all medical practice and relevant to the daily work of every physician or surgeon. Therefore, in the psychiatric training of medical students the focus should be primarily on teaching "psychiatry of medical practice" and much less on teaching "specialty psychiatry." The teaching of psychiatry for medical practice will be best accomplished by selecting patients who are more like those the student will see later on as a practising physician. A systematic effort should be made to develop joint teaching with other departments, if we are to hope that students will carry over the approach we teach them to other subjects of medicine. Counselling and psychotherapy are essential skills for every physician or surgeon; medical students should be taught these skills by psychiatrists who are not just skilled psychotherapists but are also comfortable in their role as physicians in view of the importance of this role for the development of the identity of the medical student as a physician. The quality of the psychiatric training of medical students is dependent to a large extent on the priority accorded to undergraduate teaching by the department of psychiatry; competing activities, however, can result in undergraduate teaching being given less than top priority. Long-standing difficulties which psychiatry and psychiatrists experience in the medical school may impede undergraduate psychiatric education; these difficulties can be lessened by the closer involvement of psychiatrists with other physicians in the clinical and educational programs. PMID- 7296446 TI - Selectivity of treatment modalities. AB - Consensus as to diagnostic definitions and criteria in Child Psychiatry is recent. Traditional "treatment" has been direct psychotherapy of child patient and mother. Despite growing precision of etiologic concepts and expansion of therapeutic approaches, many centres continue to define therapy in terms of their available techniques rather than the actual needs of the child. A brief review and definition of the major clinical syndromes is given. A glossary of the therapeutic modalities and their description is provided. Selection of treatment interventions is discussed in terms of diagnosis, severity, strengths of child patient, and the environmental modifications possible. Case illustrations are given. Periodic reassessment is essential to reselect therapeutic goals and determine choice as well as simultaneity versus sequentiality of therapeutic interventions. PMID- 7296447 TI - Continuing education for psychiatrists: report on Canadian Psychiatric Association questionnaire. AB - This report on the CPA Questionnaire on Continuing Education represents the answers of a sample of 485 of the 1,360 certified psychiatrists belonging to the Association. A total of 72.6% of the sample lived in urban centres with populations greater than 200,000; 28.9% worked in solo practice, but only 7.4% worked in settings where no other psychiatrists were present. The amount of time spent in continuing education activities was found to vary inversely with the distance that had to be travelled to major educational centres. Nevertheless, there were no psychiatrists that did not partake in some continuing education activities. Ninety-three percent read journals, 99% went to meetings, and 96% used consultation with other psychiatrists; 99% stated that these activities were useful. The favourite methods were reading and consultation. Eighty percent of the sample spent more than 41 hours per month in continuing education activities. Sixty-five percent stated that they would like a voluntary credit award system instituted. It is concluded that Canadian psychiatrists do spend a great deal of time in continuing education activities and believe that this is of value to their professional work. PMID- 7296448 TI - A survey of referral problems to a psychiatric preschool program: patient characteristics and therapeutic considerations. PMID- 7296449 TI - Sleep deprivation: outcome of controlled single case studies of depressed patients. AB - Six drug-free depressed patients, each of whom acted as their own control, were studied for eleven consecutive days during which they were twice deprived of sleep for either 36 or 40 hours. The sequence of events was baseline (3 days), SD, recovery (3 days), SD, recovery (3 days). Blind ratings of clinical state were made on the basis of four-hourly interviews (standardized for each case), which were videotaped; sleep was monitored by conventional electrophysiological methods. Sleep deprivation had a beneficial, but transient, effect on four of the six patients studied. Changes in sleep were unrelated to changes in clinical state. PMID- 7296450 TI - Psychogeriatric care in the general hospital. AB - This study examines treatment outcome in 52 psychogeriatric patients to help determine the role of the general hospital in psychiatric care of the elderly. The author reviewed the charts of all patients 65 years of age and over admitted to the psychiatric ward from 1974 to 1978. Approximately 80% of this group showed symptom remission. Treatment failures correlated closely with the presence of major organic brain syndrome. Despite an average age of 73.4 years and a high proportion of widowed patients only 10 patients needed new placements on discharge. The author discusses the reluctance of general hospitals to treat the psychogeriatric patient despite the high success rate, the merits of such an active treatment approach and the effect of short-term therapy programs on the treatment of this group. PMID- 7296451 TI - Schizophrenia: group support for relatives. AB - This paper outlines the organization and evolution of educational-support groups for the families and friends of schizophrenic patients. The organization involved three phases of expanding services to this target population. Our findings are that: a) relatives experience stage-specific reactions to the fact of schizophrenia in the family; b) topic areas for discussion tend to be the same in different groups; c) as total attendance grows (larger groups), individual attendance rate drops; d) the groups tend to evolve into self-led committees; e) the maximum benefit from the groups, as reported by the participants, is the opportunity to share common, painful experiences. Future goals lie in the encouragement of relative-run community organizations for schizophrenia and the clarification of the role of families in the development and course of the illness. PMID- 7296452 TI - Clinical data from a psychiatric service to a group of native people. AB - Clinical data are reported from a psychiatric service to Native Canadian patients, mainly Cree Indians. Eighteen out of 41 had a clinical diagnosis of depression, three of mania and only one of schizophrenia. Thirty-seven percent used alcohol to excess but alcoholism was rarely the primary diagnosis. Reasons are given for the belief that schizophrenia has been over-diagnosed in Native populations in the past. Seventy-eight percent spoke Cree/Inuit as their primary language. The patients usually held their parents in high regard despite often reporting that they were alcoholic. In reply to tentative enquiries into feelings about their Native identity, only 5% of the patients indicated a preference for another identity, but this figure is only considered to give a minimum estimate of the possible dissatisfaction with being Native in Canada today. PMID- 7296453 TI - [Needs of the psychiatric patient population in secondary and tertiary prevention: point of view of a clinician]. AB - The concept of need, discussed from many points of view, remains necessary to the planning of health services. The author tries to define psychiatric needs in a clinical perspective, limiting his approach to secondary and tertiary prevention. The critical points supporting the clinical decision permit the choice of fundamental criteria which allow one to identify and describe the psychiatric needs of a given population. Using this methodology a typology of those needs is formulated in a way which is acceptable in a multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 7296454 TI - Antisocial adolescents: our treatments do not work--where do we go from here? AB - The dramatic increase in antisocial adolescent behaviour is shown through statistics outlining the increase in juvenile crime for Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. This paper presents a review of evaluative studies of conventional treatments available for antisocial adolescents. Studies involving Case Work, Individual Psychotherapy, Behaviour Modification, Group Counselling, Family Therapy, Milieu Therapy and Therapeutic Community are discussed. Findings indicate that, in general, these treatments are inadequate for the rehabilitation needs of adolescents with conduct disorders. One question arising from this review is whether the unsatisfactory results with present treatment approaches may be due to the perception of antisocial behaviour as a sickness rather than a lack of socialization. The Social Learning Theory is investigated as a means for teaching social norms. A number of studies are cited as showing the effectiveness of social learning types of programs. Success has also been achieved with antisocial adolescents in a behavioural-employment intervention program; this area is also explored. The impact of evaluative studies on clinical practice is reported as minimal. Some of the reasons which could explain this lack of impact are explored. The paper emphasizes the need for discarding those treatments which have been shown to be ineffective and adopting those which show promise. PMID- 7296455 TI - The belittled wife: social, legal and psychotherapeutic considerations. AB - Forty years ago Horney and Thompson each wrote about the inferior role of women in marriage based on sociocultural situations. The present day message of equality has had variable effects with the result that many women complain of the belittling opinions and actions of their male partners when they attempt to become self-assertive. Equality in marriage in Canada is more established in law than socially today. Dual career marriages often illustrate this dichotomy as the husband's career takes precedence over that of the wife. The therapist plays an important role in the resolution of the ambivalent feelings of both partners. PMID- 7296456 TI - A critique of volunteer-staffed suicide prevention centres. AB - This study compares the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center program with that of the Samaritan Centre in the London area. The author interviewed senior personnel and reviewed the training program for volunteers in both centres. He also monitored calls but was prohibited from listening in on the callers' conversation in the Samaritan program due to their strict policy of confidentiality and anonymity. The purpose of the study was to learn the nature of the calls with special emphasis on suicide risk and degree of crisis; to assess the functioning of the volunteers in detail and compare it with professionals; to assess the usefulness of the programs in lowering the suicide rate and in other functions, particularly dealing with crises and case finding. It was found that the involvement with callers is very similar in both centres; that only a small percentage of callers had a significant suicidal drive; that many of the callers were in crisis and a useful service was provided for them; that the volunteers coped extremely well with disturbed callers even though their responses were often different from professionals. There is no evidence that these and similar, primarily telephone, services lower the suicide rate; they seem to be more effective as crisis centres than as suicide prevention centres. PMID- 7296457 TI - Hope, loss and entitlement: lessons from the oncology situation. PMID- 7296458 TI - Civil commitment: operational definition of new criteria. PMID- 7296459 TI - [Psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a hospital milieu]. AB - Using a clinical case, I have attempted to demonstrate how an analytic "listening attitude" may permit a patient request which would at a manifest level, not usually require insight but, if such were given, would then influence the whole course of treatment. Thus, the fundamental concept of psychoanalysis dealing with unconscious mental mechanisms becomes operational if it is not limited simply to a technical frame of reference. The developing situation then approaches that of psychoanalysis. This process may occur if flexibility is maintained in the basic technique of psychotherapy. The views of Jean Bergeret on borderline states are briefly presented as tools of psychodynamic understanding of clinical situations. PMID- 7296460 TI - The management of idiopathic chronic pain: a holistic approach. AB - The evaluation and treatment of the patient with idiopathic chronic pain traditionally has involved a sequence of studies first by the internist, then the neurologist, and finally the psychiatrist. This has resulted in an overutilization of costly health care services and may paradoxically have helped to promote symptom chronicity. In keeping with recent developments in the field of psychosomatic medicine, a coordinated biopsychosocial approach is advocated with the identification and amelioration of the multiple determinants of symptom formation in each of these interrelated sub-systems. A case if presented in which the application of this holistic approach appeared to help curtail the overuse of health care services and at the same time helped to diminish psychosocial reinforcers in the form of secondary gain. PMID- 7296461 TI - The first few minutes. AB - Within the first few seconds usually of meeting a new patient, the therapist has formed an impression of the likely diagnosis and difficulties that lie ahead during psychotherapy. There are many clues about a patient given by the person, if anyone, accompanying him or her; by the patient's style of greeting dress and jewellery; type of voice, and so on. Many of these clues, and the inferences that are preconsciously or consciously made from them, are described and discussed. The first impression is probably correct and may correlate well with an assessment made after many hours' work with a patient. PMID- 7296462 TI - The teaching and learning of psychotherapy in a general hospital. AB - A general teaching hospital provides an excellent setting for the teaching of psychiatric residents. The Canadian model for a teaching network, including general and specialty hospitals, allows for special interests to develop within given hospitals. A department of psychiatry which chooses the teaching of psychotherapy as a special interest is examined. The teaching occurs in all areas of the department (ambulatory, inpatient, consultation-liaison) and is backed up by appropriate seminars. Individual supervision provides the backbone of the teaching program. The special interest exists within a department which must answer all of the psychiatric needs of a general hospital population. From the university point of view, the network is strengthened by the existence of various areas of concentrated interest within various component units of the network. PMID- 7296463 TI - Psychotherapy with native adolescents. AB - Psychotherapy with native adolescents requires that the therapist learn about a different set of values, develop new communication skills, and re-examine many of his practices. Varying with the individual tribe, the attitudes to time, property and anger may be significantly different from the values of the white culture. Many of the Indian adolescents rely heavily on non-verbal communication, requiring an increased sensitivity by the therapist to this form of communication. The therapist may need to review his office setting, with an eye to making it less alien, and because of the different attitude to time, he may have to adjust the time structure of his practice, often using more than the fifty-minute hour. Treatment begins with an exploration of Indian-White difficulties, especially the stereotyping of all whites. It then focuses on helping the adolescents to establish their own individual identity, bucking the stereotypes that are projected on them. Examples are given from the author's own practice with Cree and Saulteaux-Ojibway adolescents. PMID- 7296464 TI - Clinical patterns in a behavior modification unit. AB - The principles and practice of a Behavior Modification Unit in a psychiatric hospital are described. A simple but consistent program of rewards related to privileges is employed together with attention to individual counseling and family therapy. A consecutive series of 56 patients is reported. They had a high frequency of personality disorders, behaviour disorders and past psychiatric treatment irrespective of diagnosis. Improvement was measured in terms of success, three months after discharge, in staying out of hospital and maintaining an independent existence in the community. By this criterion 42 out of 56 patients (75%) were improved. Patients who improved had had less past treatment of various types and this relationship was highly significant. The justification for this type of program is briefly discussed. PMID- 7296465 TI - Acute schizo-affective disorder. PMID- 7296467 TI - The autoscopic phenomenon: case report and review of literature. AB - This paper presents the case report of a 28-year-old man with a rare form of autoscopy. His appearance when he was admitted suggested the possibility of "flash back," due to his long history of abuse of psychotomimetic amphetamines and LSD. The complete psychiatric history and evaluation made it clear that the diagnosis should be that of schizophrenia. He was described as a solitary, withdrawn person, who had lost drive and was emotionally blunted. He often experienced feelings of unreality and appeared to be almost continually deluded and hallucinated. His main delusions were centered on the phenomenon of "autoscopy." The uniqueness of this case is the patient's delusion of watching himself on a television screen acting as one of the "stars." PMID- 7296466 TI - Alexithymic characteristics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Twenty patients with inflammatory bowel disease and twenty psychoneurotic patients were studied to assess differences in psychopathology, verbal expression and fantasy formation. The method combined clinical observation, self-assessment questionnaires and quantified projective tests. The psychoneurotic patients showed a higher level of psychopathology, were more verbally expressive, more able to verbalize emotion, and better able to modulate their emotions. Differences in fantasy formation were found. The results provide partial support for the concept of alexithymia (pensee operatoire), a cluster of cognitive traits which have been reported in many psychosomatic patients. PMID- 7296468 TI - Medical detoxification admissions during the Manitoba beer and liquor strikes of 1978. AB - Admission rates to a medical detoxification ward of a general hospital were examined for periods during a beer and a liquor strike and equivalent length periods before and after each strike. They were also compared to analogous periods during a non-strike year. Results indicated that admissions were lowered during the liquor but not the beer strike, a finding which is consistent with an earlier report that overall alcohol consumption was lowered during the liquor but not the beer strike. This finding indicates that there is a positive association between amount of alcohol consumed by the general public and an index of severe alcohol abuse. No subgroup of the detoxification population was identified as being responsible for the reduced admissions. PMID- 7296470 TI - Psychoanalysis, dreaming and the REM state: a clinical vignette. AB - This presentation examines the effects of the discovery of the REM state of the psychotherapist. A clinical illustration serves as the point of departure. A dream fragment which might be explained in terms of the activation-synthesis hypothesis is shown to connect with conflicts in a way that this hypothesis cannot encompass. Freudian theory requires modification in its explanation of what instigates dreams and in its explanations of energy and drive. The therapist's interventions, to the extent that they imply causation to the dream or an energy that they imply causation to the dream or an energy transformation, also require modification. At the same time psychoanalytic theory does provide a unique understanding of sequential clinical events. The pitfalls of focusing solely on dreams are discussed. Finally, the tentative findings from the REM laboratory concerning the function of dreams are shown to fit nicely with the use to which dreams have been put by psychoanalytic therapists. PMID- 7296469 TI - Part-time residency training. AB - The development of part-time training in the United States and Canada is described. The flexibility required for young women physicians who attempted to combine childbearing and career development, together with the increasing number of women entering medicine, underlines the importance of part-time training schedules. A variety of flexible training options have been defined and a set of guidelines has been produced by the Canadian Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. The experiences of part-time psychiatry residents at Queen's University, Kingston is presented. Thus far this has involved a total of six residents over a four year period, including the authors of this paper. The advantages and disadvantages, viewed from both the resident and system viewpoint, are discussed. PMID- 7296471 TI - The chronic mental patient: the position of th Canadian Psychiatric Association. AB - The Canadian Psychiatric Association recommends: 1. In this International Year of Disabled Persons, that the needs of the chronic neural patient be publicized with emphasis on the potential for improvement if these needs are adequately met. A working definition of the chronic mental patient refers to those members of society who suffer from a chronic mental illness and who demonstrate significant impairment of task performance and/or social performance. 2. A comprehensive network of services should be developed including provision for basic need with a range of housing options, inpatient and outpatient psychiatric evaluations and treatment, personal clinical support, living-skills training and vocational assessment and training. Aside from patient needs, the professional status of the caregivers involved is to be enhanced. Laudable efforts by self-help groups should be further encouraged. 3. Community resources should be enlisted following principles and practices identified as basic to successful programs already existing, for example: -- provision of economic stability -- presence of administrative leadership -- striving for continuity of care -- allowance for adequate manpower -- establishment of vocational supports -- respect for patients' rights -- provision of community education -- design of ongoing evaluation and research 4. A greater emphasis should be placed in undergraduate and postgraduate medical and psychiatric training programs on the treatment of the chronically ill. 5. The Canadian Council on Hospital Accreditation should continue to elaborate and publish criteria by which services to the chronically mentally ill would be evaluated both at the inpatient and outpatient levels. These criteria when available should be promoted in all relevant institutions. PMID- 7296472 TI - Schizophrenia and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 7296473 TI - Ocular irritation from high-dose methotrexate therapy: pharmacokinetics of drug in the tear film. AB - Four of 13 patients receiving intermittent high-dose methotrexate therapy experienced recurrent symptoms of ocular irritation (burning, pruritus, "dry eyes") two to seven days after chemotherapy. Ophthalmic examination was unremarkable in symptomatic individuals except for decreased reflex production of tears in some patients. Pharmacokinetic studies of a group of these patients revealed concentrations of methotrexate in tears equivalent to those in plasma at 24 and 48 hours after treatment; these concentrations reached 1 X 10(-5) M during the infusion of methotrexate. The occurrence of acidic lacrimal secretions, pH 6.5 in one symptomatic patient, may have contributed to decreased solubility of methotrexate in the fluid of the conjunctival sac. PMID- 7296474 TI - Systemic infection with Trichosporon cutaneum in a patient with acute leukemia: report of a case. AB - A case of disseminated infection with Trichosporon cutaneum, a fungus that causes white piedra, is described. The patient, a 58-year-old barber with acute leukemia, had fever, myalgias and skin lesions. He was receiving cytotoxic drug therapy and prednisone, was severely neutropenic and was being treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. Blood cultures and a biopsy of the skin lesion grew T. cutaneum. He died despite amphotericin B therapy. At autopsy, widespread infection with T. cutaneum was present. T. cutaneum is another fungus capable of causing widespread systemic disease in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 7296475 TI - Cancer of the head and neck in atomic bomb survivors: Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1957-1976. AB - A search was conducted in Hiroshima and Nagasaki for all cases of cancer of the lip, nose and nasal cavity, accessory sinuses, larynx, and the oral cavity and pharynx with their subdivisions occurring during the period 1957-1976 among a large, fixed cohort of atomic bomb survivors. A total of 232 cases were identified, of which 154 (66.4%) were histologically confirmed (definite cases). Among definite cases, cancer of the epiglottis and larynx predominated (31.2%), followed by accessory sinus (24.7%) and tongue (18.8%). Of the 154 definite cases, 141 (91.6%) were squamous-cell carcinomas. Only two sarcomas were identified, neither of which was attributable to radiation exposure. Analysis of both total and definite cases, by both total group and major anatomic site, failed to reveal definite evidence of a radiation relationship. Although a suggestive relationship to radiation dose was found for accessory sinus cancers (P = 0.06) among the definite cases, inconsistencies in the data do not permit the conclusion that the incidence of tumors in this group increased as a result of atomic bomb radiation exposure. The medical literature concerning post irradiation head and neck tumors is briefly reviewed. PMID- 7296476 TI - The influence of ICRF-159 and levamisole on the incidence of metastases following local irradiation of a solid tumor. AB - Courses of irradiation consisting of 6000 rad in ten equal fractions over 12 days delivered to KHT sarcomas in mice controlled 55% of the local tumors but 83% of the mice died from metastases. Three strategies to reduce the risk of metastatic spread were tested. The fractionation scheme was changed to deliver the same total dose using a large initial fraction followed by seven equal portions with the same overall time. ICRF-159 was used with the intention of partially synchronizing the tumor growth fraction in a radiosensitive state of the growth cycle and of promoting normalization of the tumor vasculature. Levamisole was used to stimulate the immune system. The combination of ICRF-159 with the eight fraction radiation course proved to be effective for both increasing local control and decreasing the incidence of metastases. The addition of levamisole did not improve the results obtained with a combination of ICRF-159 and irradiation. PMID- 7296477 TI - Human mammary epithelial antigens (HME-Ags) in the circulation of nude mice implanted with a breast tumor and non-breast tumors. AB - Human mammary epithelial antigens (HME-Ags) obtained from the membrane of the human milk fat globule (HMFG) were tested for their possible role as breast tumor markers. Specific antisera raised against HME-Ags were used to monitor plasma concentrations of these antigens in nude mice implanted with a human breast tumor. The level of plasma HME-Ags, determined by radioimmunoassay, was significantly higher in animals transplanted with a human breast tumor (mean +/- standard error; 687 +/- 184 ng/ml) than those with other types of human tumors (colon carcinoma: 50 +/- 29; lung carcinoma: 82 +/- 78; medulloblastoma: less than 30; and Wilson melanoma: less than 30) and healthy control animals (49 +/- 22). Removal of the breast tumor resulted in a significant drop of HME-Ags level to "background" values, suggesting that animals with the breast tumor did release into the circulation HME-Ags which could be possibly used as breast-tumor markers in breast tumor diagnosis. PMID- 7296478 TI - Blood hormone profiles in prostate cancer patients in high-risk and low-risk populations. AB - Epidemiologic data reveal that the incidence rate of prostate gland carcinoma among the black population in the United States (US) is several times higher than among Nigerians. A collaborative study between the two countries was undertaken, and blood hormone (testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone [DHT], estrone [E1], estradiol [E2], and prolactin [P1]), total acid phosphatase (TP), and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) profiles in the two population groups were compared. In the US groups (patients and controls) there were significantly higher levels of T (P less than 0.01) and E1 (P less than 0.05) compared with the Nigerians. Also, the US patients had significantly higher levels of T (P less than 0.05) and E1 (P less than 0.01) compared with their matched controls. In the Nigerians T but not E1 levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in patients compared with controls. DHT, E2, and P1 were not significantly different in patients and controls between and within the populations. Nigerian patients had higher levels (P less than 0.001) of TP and PAP compared with US patients. It is concluded that differences in blood hormone profiles in the two population groups are based on factors other than the genetic makeup of the populations. PMID- 7296479 TI - Systemic metastases from medulloblastoma: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - The clinical and pathologic data from two cases of medulloblastoma with systemic metastases, and 101 previously reported cases were evaluated to define better the clinical presentation and natural history. Patients ranged in age from six months to 48 years, with a mean of 13 years; two thirds of the patients were male. Ventricular shunts had been inserted in 20% of the patients. Systemic metastases occurred on an average of two years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor in patients without shunts, but only 1.3 years in patients with shunts. Fifty-nine percent of the patients were known to have experienced recurrence or spread of medulloblastoma within the central nervous system by the time systemic metastases appeared. Ninety percent showed radiologic evidence of bone metastases, of which 60% were osteoblastic. Bones most frequently involved were pelvis, femur and vertebrae; pain was the most common initial symptom. At autopsy, lymph node metastases were found in 65% and liver metastases were found in 28% of all cases in addition to bone metastases in 82%. Lung metastases occurred in 9% of the patients without shunts, compared with 30% of patients with shunts. The average survival was seven months after the appearance of systemic metastases for patients both with and without shunts. Approximately 5% of patients with medulloblastoma may be expected to develop systemic metastases. This development is associated with increased morbidity and a shortened life expectancy. PMID- 7296480 TI - Sequential cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin for induction of complete remission in children with disseminated neuroblastoma. AB - When 70 children with disseminated neuroblastoma were treated for 4 months with a course of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 35 (52%) of 68 assessable patients achieved complete remissions, 13 had partial responses, and 20 had either less than a 50% regression of tumor or evidence of tumor progression. Of the 35 children with complete responses, three received local irradiation, but for the remainder, chemotherapy alone provided rapid control of tumor growth. Drug-induced toxicity caused the hospitalization of four of 17 infants and five of 52 older children, but was related to only two of the eight deaths that occurred during treatment. Infants less than 1 year of age were more likely to achieve a complete remission than were older children. That 52% of these patients achieved complete remissions represents a marked improvement over the 22% response rate for patients seen between 1962 and 1974. Of 35 patients with complete responses, 15 have survived, contrasted with only four of 33 patients achieving less than a complete response. Median survival for patients achieving a partial response was 14.4 months, compared to 8.4 months for patients not achieving a response. A kinetically based sequence of chemotherapy seems to produce a high rate of complete remissions in children with disseminated neuroblastoma. To consolidate this gain into curative treatment will require a continuation therapy to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant disease. PMID- 7296481 TI - Malignant melanoma of the gallbladder: a case report. AB - A 47-year-old woman with malignant melanoma in the gallbladder and brain is described. Evidence is offered that the tumor arose in the gallbladder, the main factor being the presence of "junctional change" and isolated melanocytes in the adjacent mucosa. PMID- 7296482 TI - Cancer among the foreign-born in New York State. AB - Cancer deaths among white, foreign-born residents of New York State (exclusive of New York City) during the years 1969 through 1971 were analyzed according to country of birth. The largest numbers of immigrants came from Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, Austria, Poland, Italy, USSR, and Canada. Several distinctive features emerged from these data: Irish immigrants have an increased risk of dying from oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, lung, and prostate cancers. Among all migrant groups studied, contrasting mortality patterns observed for carcinomas of the stomach, colon, and rectum provide further support for the concept that these neoplasms result from different etiologic processes. For the leukemias, lymphomas, and carcinomas of the breast and colon, each of the migrant groups acquired the higher risk common to others in the host country. This rise in risk suggests a major environmental component for cancers of these sites. PMID- 7296483 TI - Habits of sun exposure and risk of malignant melanoma: an analysis of incidence rates in Norway 1955-1977 by cohort, sex, age, and primary tumor site. AB - Incidence data on malignant melanoma of the skin in Norway from 1955-1977, comprising a total of 5108 new cases, were analyzed according to cohort, sex, age, and primary tumor site. A continuous increase in incidence of approximately 7% per year was observed for both sexes during the study period. For trunk and lower limb melanomas, the increase and cohort variations in incidence were much greater than for face and neck melanoma. A difference between these site groups was also observed in the shape of the cohort curves of age-specific rates. This indicated that the trend in carcinogenic exposure through life was different for the face--neck and the trunk--lower limb. For the generations born 1930-1949, the incidence of malignant melanoma per area unit of skin was greater for the trunk and lower limb than for the face--neck. It is suggested that not only the cumulated dose, but also the intensity of solar radiation may be significant in the cause of malignant melanoma. PMID- 7296484 TI - Training guidelines for surgical oncology. PMID- 7296485 TI - A comparison of the psychological effects of breast-saving procedures with the modified radical mastectomy. AB - Twenty women who underwent conservative surgical treatment of their breast cancer were compared with 20 women who underwent modified radical mastectomies on several indices of body image and psychological adjustment. The women were matched by pairs in terms of age and time postsurgery, and were group matched with respect to marital status. Women who underwent conservative surgical procedures showed significantly greater intactness of their external body boundaries, and significantly less change and weighted change in overall body satisfaction than women in the modified radical group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to body anxiety, general psychological adjustment, or marital satisfaction. The results with respect to body boundary and body satisfaction were interpreted to be the result of the less intrusive surgical procedures used to treat the breast cancer. Since body anxiety did not appear to be affected differentially by the two procedures, it may be that women in both groups were highly concerned about their bodies as a result of having had cancer. It was suggested that there was no difference in the psychological adjustment of the two groups because the women in the modified radical group were representative of that population which adjusts well to surgery. Finally, it was concluded that marital satisfaction is stable regardless of the surgical procedure undergone to treat the breast cancer. PMID- 7296486 TI - Advanced ovarian carcinoma: response to antiestrogen therapy. AB - Three patients with Stage III serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary were successfully treated with estrogen antagonist therapy after failure of cytotoxic chemotherapy. All had histologic confirmation of progressive or persistent disease. High titers of estrogen receptor protein (ERP) and progesterone receptor protein (PRP) were detected in one patient prior to tamoxifen therapy. One patient had a complete remission lasting for 18 months. The other patients had partial responses and were able to return to normal activities. Simultaneous or prior sequential cytotoxic chemotherapy did not negate the effectiveness of the estrogen antagonists. PMID- 7296487 TI - Hypercalcemia in carcinoma of the breast without evidence of bone destruction: beneficial effect of hormonal therapy. AB - A premenopausal woman with soft tissue metastases from a carcinoma of the breast developed hypercalcemia with hypophosphatemia, reduced tubular reabsorption of phosphate, elevated urinary cyclic AMP levels and normal serum PTH levels was observed. Hormonal therapy with testosterone followed by tamoxifen induced normalization of her serum calcium concomitant with the disappearance of the pleural effusion and reduction in the size of her lung metastases. The correlation between the efficacy of antitumor treatment on pleural effusion, lung metastases, and normalization of serum calcium, as well as the elevated PTH level in the pleural effusion, suggest that this breast carcinoma secreted a PTH-like substance. PMID- 7296489 TI - Dose local x-irradiation of a tumor increase the incidence of metastases? AB - KHT sarcomas were implanted into the right rear legs of C3H mice. Animals receiving no treatment died at 32 days with a 67% incidence of metastatic tumors. A dose of 6000 rads in ten fractions over 12 days, starting ten days after implant, delivered to the primary tumor (with the remainder of the body shielded) produced 55% local tumor control. However, 83% of the mice with local tumor control, subsequently developed metastatic lesions. Amputation of the tumor bearing leg either prior to the start of radiation treatment, at the end of treatment or at intervals during treatment or sham treatment, indicated that 1) metastases occurred predominantly during the initial three radiation fractions and 2) the increased incidence of metastases following irradiation was a result of the manipulations associated with the irradiation and not the irradiation per se. Irradiation did not change the distribution of organ sites involved with metastatic tumors compared to untreated or sham-treated tumors. PMID- 7296488 TI - Second malignant neoplasms in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease with radiotherapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy. AB - The incidence of second malignant neoplasms (SMN) was assessed in 248 patient with Hodgkin's disease (HD) treated by radiotherapy alone (XRT) or in combination with chemotherapy (XRT + C) between January/1960 and June/1977. Radiation therapy was categorized as less than extended field (less than EF), extended field (EF) or total nodal irradiation (TNI). Chemotherapy was scored as single agent (SAC) or multiagent (MAC). MAC consisted primarily of either nitrogen mustard, vincristine, prednisone and procarbazine (MOPP) or cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone (CVPP). Ten metachronous malignancies occurred 1-21 years (median 10 years) after the diagnosis of HD. With a median follow-up of 6 years the observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) was 4.2 for XRT alone and 7.6 for XRT + MAC. For 46 patients with greater than or equal to 10 years follow-up (median 13 years) the O/E ratio was 16.1 for XRT and 26.5 for XRT + MAC. All SMN occurred in patients who had not had a splenectomy at or prior to the time of HD diagnosis. Only four of nine solid SMN were within treatment portals or near portal margins. The diagnosis of another malignant neoplasm was made prior to or simultaneous with the diagnosis of HD in four additional patients. This observation, and the occurrence of five of six SMN outside of the treatment field in the XRT alone group, suggest that there may be factor(s) associated with the incidence of SMN in HD in addition to treatment itself. PMID- 7296490 TI - Humoral immune response in melanoma and glioma patients: a solubilized melanoma membrane component as a tool for detecting circulating antibodies. AB - In search of tumor-associated components in human melanomas and gliomas, plasma membranes were isolated from these tumors and compared morphologically, biochemically and immunologically with those from normal human brain. The preparations exhibited a comparable ultrastructure of empty vesicles of various form and size. The melanoma membrane consisted of at least 15 protein components and the glioma membrane consisted of at least 24 protein components, four of which were absent in the membrane of normal tissue, as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The four tumor-associated polypeptides could be solubilized together with a few other membrane components by the non-ionic detergent Triton X100 and were used as an antigen source for immunologic characterization of melanoma and glioma membranes. A rabbit antiserum prepared against these solubilized membrane components from melanoma were absorbed with plasma membranes from a variety of normal tissue including erythrocytes, lymphocytes, spleen, liver, lung, kidney, placenta and brain. The absorbed antiserum reacted with the membrane extract of all the 11 melanomas tested so far; in addition it cross reacted with an identically prepared extract from all the 15 gliomas tested. Membrane extracts from other tumors, such as kidney and mammary carcinoma, were negative in this respect. Furthermore, a rabbit antiserum prepared against Triton extract from glioma membranes yielded after exhaustive absorption an immune precipitate not only with the specimens from the 15 other gliomas but also with those from the 11 melanomas. Electrophoretic analysis of the immune precipitate formed by the immunoglobulin fraction of the absorbed rabbit antiserum and the Triton-X100 extract from melanoma membranes exhibited six polypeptide bands, two of which appear antigen-derived as they were missing in the profile of the immunoglobulin pattern. A comparable electrophoretic pattern was obtained with the immune precipitate of the glioma antigen specimen. The molecular weight of these two polypeptides was estimated on the basis of their electrophoretic mobility to be 55,000 and 10,000 daltons, respectively. The electrophoretic immunologic findings argue for a common membrane component in human melanoma and glioma patients. Using the Triton extract from melanoma membranes as an antigen source, precipitating antibodies could be detected in the immunoglobulin fraction of 16 of the 24 sera from melanoma patients and in that of 15 of the 23 glioma patients by means of counter-current electrophoresis. Sera from a variety of cancer patients with diseases other than melanoma or glioma as well as from patients without cancer were negative in this respect. PMID- 7296491 TI - Radioimmunoassay of tissue steroids in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. AB - Tissue steroid levels in 48 needle-biopsy samples of adenocarcinoma of the prostate were quantified by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Tissue levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol-17 beta, and estrone were correlated with the tumor stage, histologic grade, and patient response to endocrine therapy. All patients with well-differentiated carcinoma of the prostate had tissue DHT content greater than 2.0 ng/g while 35% of patients with moderately differentiated or poorly differentiated tumors had tissue DHT content less than 2.0 ng/g. DHT content appeared to be unrelated to tumor stage. Estradiol and estrone content correlated well with tumor grade but not with tumor stage. DHT levels were measured in 17 patients with symptomatic Stage D2 carcinoma of the prostate. Thirteen patients with DHT content greater than 2.0 ng/g initially had an objective and/or subjective response to endocrine therapy. Four patients with tissue DHT levels below 2.0 ng/g had no response to hormonal therapy. Quantification of tissue DHT content by RIA is a promising method for predicting initial response to hormonal therapy in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7296493 TI - Prolymphocytic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - This report describes eight patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia whose disease became more aggressive over a variable period of time. This clinical progression was associated with a change in cell morphology from small lymphocytes to an increasing number of large transformed lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. In the peripheral blood, the predominant large cell was a prolymphocyte. The small lymphocytes and the prolymphocytes had identical cell surface markers in each patient. However, the prolymphocytes had a greater density of surface immunoglobulin than did the same lymphocytes. No features were found that help predict in which patients CLL will convert to a more aggressive form. Once transformation has taken place, however, there appears to be a correlation between the number of prolymphocytes in the blood and patient survival. It is suggested that the entities of prolymphocytic transformation of CLL, prolymphocytic leukemia, and Richter's syndrome are less distinct than has been thought previously. These disorders probably represent several phases of transformation of the same cell type, and they may be examples of different stages in the natural history of CLL. PMID- 7296492 TI - The transport and accumulation of methotrexate in human erythrocytes. AB - The uptake of methotrexate (MTX) by human erythrocytes was studied in vivo and in vitro. Following a pulse intravenous injection of MTX in two subjects, MTX accumulated rapidly in erythrocytes and its intracellular concentration declined at a slower rate than the serum concentration. Twenty-four hours later erythrocytes had no MTX but the drug reappeared 3-7 days later. In subjects receiving twice monthly MTX, the drug accumulated in the erythrocytes as protein bound (61%) and nonprotein bound (39%) forms. The latter is presumably MTX polyglutamate. In vitro, MTX uptake by erythrocytes was virtually absent at plasma concentrations of 1 nM-1 micro M, but uptake increased substantially above 10 micro M by a mechanism which was not saturated even at 1 mM. The major fraction of MTX which accumulated by erythrocytes in vitro effluxed during the first minute and was not protein-bound, unlike MTX which accumulated in vivo. This suggests that MTX binds to a protein in developing erythroblasts which contain dihydrofolate reductase and that the delayed appearance of MTX in circulating erythrocytes following in vivo administration corresponds to bone marrow maturation time of erythroblasts. PMID- 7296494 TI - Application of electron microscopy in the interpretation of fine-needle aspiration biopsies. AB - A series of 31 fine-needle aspiration biopsies were studied ultrastructurally in order to evaluate the usefulness of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of aspiration biopsies. In seven cases, the electron microscopic findings were crucial to the diagnosis. In the remaining cases, electron microscopy helped to confirm the light microscopic diagnosis. In addition, in a number of cases the diagnosis rendered following electron microscopy was much more precise and specific than was possible with light microscopy alone. It is concluded that electron microscopy has a definite place in the diagnosis of fine-needle aspiration biopsies and should be increasingly utilized on a selective basis. PMID- 7296495 TI - Combined effusion fluid tumor marker assay, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), in the detection of malignant tumors. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and protein concentrations were determined on 81 random pleural and ascitic effusions submitted for cytologic examination. CEA and hCG assay results were expressed as direct concentrations and with respect to total protein concentration. Levels of significance for malignant fluids were established as follows: CEA greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml, hCG greater than or equal to 10 mIU/ml, CEA greater than 500 ng/g protein, hCG greater than or equal to 500 mIU/g protein. Clinical follow up demonstrated 55 fluids associated with coexisting malignant tumors and 26 fluids not associated with malignancies. This study suggests effusion fluid CEA and hCG assay may provide a useful adjunct to cytology in the evaluation of effusion fluids for malignancy. Assay results, furthermore, may be more accurately expressed with respect to effusion protein concentration. PMID- 7296496 TI - Follow-up study of thymomas with special reference to their clinical stages. AB - Follow-up data were obtained for 96 cases of thymoma. The one-year survival rate was 84.3%, the three-year 77.1%, the five-year 74.1%, and the ten-year 57.1%. The five-year survival rate of total resection group was 88.9%; that of non-radically treated group was 44.4%. Clinical stages were defined: Stage I--macroscopically encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion; Stage II--1. macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue of mediastinal pleura, or 2. microscopic invasion into capsule; Stage III--macroscopic invasion into neighboring organ; Stage IVa--pleural or pericardial dissemination; Stage IVb--lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis. Five-year survival rates of each clinical stage were 92.6% in Stage I, 85.7% in Stage II, 69.6% in Stage III, and 50% in Stage IV. Recurrence after total resection was found in six of 69 cases. Seven of 13 patients treated by subtotal resection survived more than five years with postoperative radiotherapy. PMID- 7296497 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: clinical spectrum of disease. AB - The clinical features of 13 patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy were analyzed to determine prognostic factors and response to therapy. Eleven patients presented with sudden onset of fever, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory features included autoimmune hemolytic anemia and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Pulmonary involvement was seen in six cases and skin rash in four. Two patients had localized lymphadenopathy without systemic symptoms. Both are alive at 5.5 and 2.5 years, respectively, after diagnosis, although the latter patient has required intermittent prednisone for recurrent lymphadenopathy. An additional patient is alive on treatment for months following diagnosis. The remaining ten have died, nine of sepsis and one of cerebral hemorrhage. The immunosuppression and myelosuppression of combination chemotherapy may have hastened their deaths. An individualized, conservative treatment approach is recommended. PMID- 7296498 TI - Correlation of estrogen receptors and response to chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in advanced breast cancer. AB - Thirty-six patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with the regimen of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF). Their response to the combination chemotherapy and their survival were correlated in respect to estrogen-receptor (ER) status. No patient had received any form of hormonal therapy or other chemotherapeutic agents prior to the CMF treatment. Overall response rate, both complete and partial, to chemotherapy was 60% (21/36): 88% in the ER+ group and seven months in the ER--. Median duration of survival was 27 months in ER+ patients and nine months in ER-- patients after initiation of chemotherapy. These data suggest ER+ status has a beneficial effect in the responsiveness of advanced breast cancer to CMF chemotherapy and is prognostic of better survival. PMID- 7296499 TI - Androgen-induced remissions after antiestrogen and hypophysectomy in stage IV breast cancer. AB - Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin), 10 mg p.o. BID, was given to 33 women with Stage IV breast cancer who had previously been treated wih the antiestrogen tamoxifen (Nolvadex) and of whom 17 had also undergone hypophysectomy. Objective remissions were obtained in 13 patients (39%) with an average duration of 11+ months. Response rate to fluoxymesterone was similar in patients who had previously responded to tamoxifen and in those who had failed. Duration of response was longer in the former group (12+ vs. 8 months), but this difference was not statistically significant. Of 17 patients who had been previously treated with tamoxifen and hypophysectomy, seven obtained further remission from fluoxymesterone for an average duration of ten months. Two patients with remissions from fluoxymesterone had previously failed to respond both to antiestrogen therapy and to the removal of the pituitary gland. Androgens appear to be an effective sequential endocrine treatment of Stage IV breast cancer after tamoxifen and hypophysectomy. The mechanism by which androgens induce tumor regression in some patients is probably not an antiestrogenic effect or an indirect effect mediated through the pituitary gland, but perhaps a direct action at the tumor level. PMID- 7296501 TI - Focal lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach preceding gastric lymphoma: case report and review of the literature. AB - A case is reported in which focal lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) of the stomach preceded by 45 months the development of gastric diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma. Review of the literature discloses only two similar cases reported with satisfactory histopathologic documentation. Analogous cases, in other anatomic sites, of an apparent association between benign and malignant lymphoid lesions are reviewed. The cases suggest that occasionally lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach may precede lymphoma. Lymphoid hyperplasia is not yet considered a consistent precursor of lymphoma. PMID- 7296500 TI - Angioendotheliomatosis of the nose with fatal systemic dissemination. AB - Angioendotheliomatosis is a rare intravascular neoplastic process which has been presumed to be of endothelial origin. A 62-year-old woman had manifestations of this disorder which were initially localized to the nasal region, followed by fatal systemic dissemination. Electron microscopic examination of the neoplastic cells disclosed structures interpreted as Weibel-Palade bodies, lending some support to a theory of endothelial histogenesis. Forty cases of angioendotheliomatosis have been previously reported, providing data that help define this disease process as a distinct clinicopathologic entity. PMID- 7296502 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus. AB - Three cases of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus are presented with emphasis on the gross and histopathologic features. Grossly, the tumors tended to be polypoid with a smooth predominantly intact overlying mucosa. Microscopically a junctional lentiginous growth pattern was characteristic as well as a tendency to expand and fill the submucosa without invading the muscularis. A given tumor invariably was more extensive than grossly suspected and the lateral junctional spread was striking in two of the cases. Primary malignant melanoma should be included in the preoperative differential diagnosis of radiographically unusual esophageal tumors, particularly if the lesion is polypoid. Because of the potentially widespread intramucosal component, surgical treatment of esophageal melanoma required a radical procedure with a far greater margin than for the usual squamous cell carcinoma. Intracavitary radiotherapy may be a useful form of adjuvant therapy in selected patients. PMID- 7296503 TI - Cancer incidence in the Netherlands Antilles: a survey covering the period 1968- 1979. AB - In 1977 a retrospective study was started into the cancer incidence in the Netherlands Antilles, simultaneously with the onset of a cancer registry. This paper presents the results of this study and of the running registry, together covering a period of 12 years. In total, 1496 cancer cases were registered in males, and 1480 in females. The resulting age-standardized cancer rate (World Standard Population) was 215 cases per 100,000 males and 164 cases per 100,000 females. The most frequently involved primary sites in males were, in order of frequency, lung, stomach, prostate, skin, and esophagus. Cancer in females was most frequently found in breast, uterine cervix, skin, stomach and esophagus. A comparison is made with countries inside and outside the Caribbean region, and a short comment is made on possibly etiologic factors. PMID- 7296504 TI - Seneca County, New York: an area with low cancer mortality rates. AB - The combined mortality rates for all high-rate neoplasms and for all malignant neoplasms combined are considerably lower in Seneca County, New York, than in its surrounding counties. The possibility that these lower rates are attributable to the geochemical uniqueness of the two lakes that enclose the county, availability and concentration of selenium, high salinity of the lakes, and high concentration of potassium cations is discussed. PMID- 7296505 TI - Multiple myeloma in the United States, 1950--1975. AB - A total of 68,400 whites and 10,533 nonwhites were reported to have died from multiple myeloma (MM) in the continental United States between 1950 and 1975 (excluding 1972 because of incomplete case ascertainment). Age-adjusted mortality rates for nonwhites were approximately twice as high as for whites. During the 25 year period of this survey, there was a twofold to threefold increase in MM mortality. The increase was seen in both races, but was greater in nonwhites than whites and primarily occurred in people over 55 years of age. The increases were uniform in all geographic regions and urban/rural categories. MM mortality from 1950--1969 was correlated with geographic, demographic, and occupational factors at the county level. The rates were highest in the far west and mid-central regions for whites and in the northeast for nonwhites. Urban areas had the highest rates and rural areas had the lowest, and positive associations were seen with indices of socioeconomic level and the percentage of residents with Scandinavian ancestry. For white males, MM mortality rates were elevated in areas with high petroleum and paper production, and a slight increase was seen in furniture manufacturing areas. PMID- 7296506 TI - Local recurrence and survival in patients with (Clark Level IV/V and over 1.5-mm thickness) stage I malignant melanoma of the extremities after regional perfusion. AB - During the period 1965-1974, 110 patients with stage I malignant melanoma of the extremities were treated by regional isolated perfusion with L-phenylalanine mustard and local excision. In order to study local recurrence and survival, only patients with a primary melanoma Clark Level IV or V and a tumor thickness of more than 1.5 mm were accepted in this study. The determinate survival in patients followed for 5-14 years in 78%; 17% developed positive regional lymph nodes. The local skin recurrence rate was 9% (9 patients); four of these 9 patients simultaneously had distant metastases; the other five patients are alive with NED after retreatment. This series of patients, too, shows that tumor thickness determines the prognosis, both as to local recurrence and as to survival. The mean tumor thickness in the hyperthermically perfused patients was found to clearly exceed that in the normothermically perfused, the mean values being 4.85 mm and 3.87 mm, respectively. Yet local recurrence and regional lymph node metastases proved to be less frequent after hyperthermic than after normothermic perfusion, although the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 7296507 TI - The effects of anti-leukemic therapy on gonadal histology in adult males. AB - Testicular histologic findings in 29 male patients who died of acute leukemia or blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia are reviewed to evaluate the effect of therapy on morphology. Four histologic groups were identified that correlated with the duration of treatment: (1) normal testes associated with no therapy or therapy for less than 30 days; (2) maturation arrest in those treated for five days to 40 months; (3) hypospermatogenesis in those treated from 17 days to 84 months; and (4) Sertoli cells only in those treated from between three and 63 months. These histologic patterns correlated more with the duration of therapy than the type of anti-leukemic therapy used. There was some variability in the histologic effects among individuals receiving comparable durations and types of chemotherapy. In many patients who received extensive therapy, spermatogonia remain which may allow recovery of spermatogenesis and fertility. PMID- 7296509 TI - Longitudinal studies of blood lymphocyte capacity in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Blood lymphocyte functional capacity and serum immunoglobulins were studied in 40 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) admitted to Radiumhemmet, Stockholm, before treatment and in complete remission 2-56 months following termination of radiotherapy (total nodal irradiation [TNI]; n = 29) or chemotherapy (MOPP; n = 11). Lymphocyte studies included determination of total lymphocyte and T-cell counts and evaluation of spontaneous DNA synthesis during the first day of culture and mitogen-(concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen) and antigen (purified protein derivative, PPD)-induced activation on the third day. Blood lymphocyte and T-cell counts decreased dramatically following TNI. A slow restitution was seen, but pretreatment levels were not reached even four years following therapy. The responses to ConA and PPD but not PWM were significantly reduced shortly after TNI. The mitogen response did not increase with time as did the PPD response. Lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte stimulation, which were severely depressed before treatment of patients in the chemotherapy group, remained unchanged 2-36 months after termination of therapy. A significant reduction of IgM levels was observed regardless of the mode of treatment. Splenectomy prevented the profound reduction of blood lymphocyte and T-cell counts following therapy but did not influence the other immunologic variables under study. PMID- 7296508 TI - Human thymoma: immunologic characteristics of the lymphocytic component. AB - Several immunologic parameters were investigated in the lymphocytic component of ten thymomas, characterized by a variable degree of lymphocytic infiltration. The majority of thymoma lymphocytes are T-cell in nature, as are lymphocytes from the normal thymus. Lymphocytes from six thymomas with moderate or predominant lymphocytic infiltrates were capable of forming stable E-rosettes, (mean percentage +/- SD: 78.0 +/- 5.2); binding peanut agglutinin (67.3 +/- 8.6); and exhibiting receptors for the Fc-portion of IgM (21.8 +/- 6.0) at percentages that were close to those found in the normal thymus. On the other hand, lower numbers of stable E-rosetting cells (26.8 +/- 8.7), PNA-positive cells (27.5 +/- 12.4), and remarkably higher percentages of cells with receptors for IgM (54.0 +/- 4.2) were demonstrated by the lymphocytic population of four thymomas with scant lymphocyte components. In addition, lymphocytes from tumors with scant lymphocyte components show a higher proliferative response to phytomitogen (PHA), therefore exhibiting immunologic features comparable to those of the more mature pool of normal medullary thymocytes. The observed immunologic similarities between the populations of lymphocytes from thymomas and from the normal thymus gland suggest an exclusively epithelial origin of the thymoma. PMID- 7296510 TI - Giant cell tumor ("osteoclastoma") of the pancreas: a tumor of epithelial origin. AB - Carcinomas of the pancreas with giant cells are not rare, but those containing osteoclast-like tumor cells are quite unusual. This report documents a pancreatic neoplasm comprising both easily recognizable well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and osteoclast-like tumor. The literature on the "osteoclastoma" of the pancreas is reviewed. Evidence for its epithelial deviation is supported strongly by the present case. PMID- 7296511 TI - Ultrastructural study of intracranial yolk sac tumor: with special reference to the oncologic phylogeny of germ cell tumors. AB - Ultrastructural studies of yolk sac tumors (YST) have generally demonstrated the resemblance of this neoplasm to the primitive human yolk sac. However, these studies have failed to explain the common occurrence of mixed germ cell tumors with yolk sac elements. This report describes the ultrastructural features of a suprasellar YST. This tumor resembled those previously described. Also demonstrated, however, was the presence of primitive germ cells admixed within the neoplasm. A new schema is proposed based on these observations for the interrelationship of germ cell tumors, which may explain the common occurrence of mixed germ cell tumors. PMID- 7296512 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma presenting as a solitary metastasis: contribution of electron microscopy to diagnosis. AB - Two patients, presenting with single mass lesions involving the posterior fossa and temporal bone, respectively, are reported. Clinically, both were thought to have primary tumors in those locations, hemangioblastoma in one and glomus jugulare paraganglioma in the other. Morphologic evaluation was compatible with adenocarcinoma of renal origin and large renal tumors were subsequently found in both patients. Electron microscopy was useful in eliminating the possibility of a primary tumor in those respective locations by demonstrating focal, but conspicuous dense arrays of microvilli at intercellular areas or along the free surfaces of plasma membranes. Microvilli do not, by themselves, signify any specific primary organ site. However, taken in the clinical and histologic contexts of a given case, ultrastructural observations can assist in establishing a definitive diagnosis. PMID- 7296513 TI - Multiple histologic subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical and pathologic features. AB - Twenty patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) had different histologic subtypes of NHL in multiple sites or in a single tumor mass either at the time of their initial biopsy and staging (13 patients) or in the course of their disease (seven patients). These 20 cases represent 3.7% of all patients with NHL seen at the University of Chicago between January 1968 and May 1979. The five-year actuarial survival rate for all 20 patients was 68%. For those 13 patients who had multiple histologic subtypes at the initial workup, the five-year survival rate was 45%; for the seven patients who developed a new histologic subtype later in the course of the disease, the five-year survival rate was 85%. In the latter group of patients, however, the initial biopsy specimens demonstrated better prognostic subtypes, and the median survival from the time of diagnosis of a new, less favorable histologic subtype averaged only four months. These findings indicate that the prognosis is related to the least favorable histologic subtype present, unless this is only a minor component of a composite lymphoma or is limited to one extranodal site. PMID- 7296514 TI - C-cell hyperplasia developing in residual thyroid following resection for sporadic medullary carcinoma. AB - Four days following resection of a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, a 49-year old man experienced elevated serum calcitonin levels. There was no evidence of metastasis. A re-exploration of the patient's neck demonstrated a histologically normal thyroid remnant that demonstrated C-cell hyperplasia by immunoperoxidase staining. The lack of a familial history, a normal parathyroid, and the absence of C-cell hyperplasia in non-tumorous thyroid of the original resection support the concept that the patient had a sporadic tumor. Patients who had undergone incomplete thyroidectomies for non-familial disease are at risk for developing C cell proliferation and possibly medullary carcinoma. We conclude that the C-cell hyperplasia in this thyroid remnant is the source of the elevated calcitonin level; this mechanism may also explain postoperatively elevated calcitonin levels in some patients with medullary carcinoma treated by partial thyroidectomy and high calcitonin levels for a variable period after complete thyroidectomy. PMID- 7296515 TI - Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid associated with marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. AB - In a 71-year-old woman with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid, marked leukocytosis (26,000 to 87,000/mm3), in which about 90% were mature neutrophils, was observed. Hypercalcemia (about 12 mg/100 ml) was also observed with the serum inorganic phosphate within normal limits. The serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was undetectable. The thyroid tumor was successfully transplanted to athymic nude mice at autopsy. Marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia was reproduced in the tumor-bearing nude mice. The result indicates that the thyroid cancer was secreting humoral factors(s) producing leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. The association of leukocytosis and hypercalcemia has been reported in the two similar cases of squamous cell carcinoma, in which the tumor was proven to secrete colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Leukocytosis and hypercalcemia may thus form a new paraneoplastic syndrome. PMID- 7296516 TI - Changes in the histologic types of gastric carcinoma in Japan. AB - The changes in histologic types of gastric carcinoma in Japan in recent years was studied utilizing the 4147 cases surgically resected at the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, from 1955 to 1974. All carcinomas were classified as either well differentiated or poorly differentiated, and the ratio of the former to the latter (WPR) was calculated for the first decade (1955-1964) and the second decade (1965-1974). A decline in the WPR was observed, although the difference was not statistically significant. However, when the material was subdivided according to the site of the tumor in the stomach, a decrease in the WPR was markedly visible in the area designated as Fl-area, i.e., a part of the fundic area susceptible to intestinalization. When limited to this area, the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7296517 TI - Testicular lymphomas: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. AB - Thirty-five patients with malignant lymphoma of the testis were reviewed. The lymphomas were classified by the Rappaport criteria and the recently introduced Working Formulation of non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. The great majority of cases were diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (Rappaport), and these could be further subclassified by the Working Formulation. Significant differences in survival were observed between histologic subgroups of the Working Formulation and this effect was independent of stage, which also had a significant effect on survival. Of 23 clinically evaluable patients who presented with testicular lymphoma, eight of 17 patients with intermediate-grade lymphomas are alive and well, in contrast to none of six patients with high-grade lesions. The recognition of histologic subtype as a prognostic factor independent of clinical stage is important for postorchiectomy management of these patients. PMID- 7296519 TI - Malignant monomorphic histiocytoma in children. AB - Four cases of malignant histiocytoma in children are reported. Malignant histiocytoma is defined as a histologic variant of fibrohistiocytoma, characterized by a histologic absence of a fibroblastic component, and a predominant proliferation of malignant histiocytes with an epithelial-like appearance. However, the ultrastructural study of one case also revealed the presence of fibroblasts. Thus, an authentically pure form of malignant histiocytoma does not exist. Nonetheless, it is important to emphasize the histologic distinctions between malignant histiocytoma and malignant fibrohistiocytoma and to emphasize the possible differences in their biologic behavior. PMID- 7296518 TI - Argentaffin carcinoid tumor of the rectum. AB - A case of rectal carcinoid tumor in a 79-year-old Japanese man is reported. The tumor, 1.5 x 0.9 cm, was localized in both mucosa and submucosa of the rectum with neither invasion nor metastasis. Microscopically, neoplastic cells were mainly arranged in rosette-like and trabecular structures within thin fibrous stroma. Histochemically, both argyrophil and argentaffin reactions were positive. At the ultrastructural level, two distinctive types of neurosecretory granules were found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. PMID- 7296520 TI - Bronchial adenocarcinoma: the value of attempts to exclude other primary tumors for randomized studies in an epidemiologic material. AB - To collect an unselected total bronchial carcinoma population as a basis for randomized therapy studies during 1971-1976, 537 patients with suspected bronchial carcinoma were investigated. Of these, 109 were found to have an adenocarcinoma in the lung. Of the 109, 10 had been initially diagnosed as not having adenocarcinoma; 11 had a history of previous carcinoma, and 1 was found not to have bronchial primary on physical examination. The remaining 87 patients were studied with all available methods with the purpose of ruling out all non bronchial adenocarcinomas as soon as possible. The primary tumor was definitely diagnosed in 86% of the 87 adenocarcinomas. The main non-bronchial tumors were colorectal and renal carcinoma; the main tumors definitely missed were carcinomas of the pancreas. An investigation to rule out non-bronchial primary adenocarcinomas in randomized therapy studies should include: (1) a history of any previous operations on primary carcinomas, histologic comparisons, (2) a careful physical examination, (3) renal investigation, (4) colorectal investigation, (5) gynecologic investigation, and (6) a careful search for symptoms of primary tumors in other organs, especially the pancreas. It is probable, however, that in 10% of cases the condition of the patient will not allow completion of all the investigations, or the real primary tumor will be definitely missed before autopsy. PMID- 7296521 TI - Qualitative histological differences between transplacentally-induced lung tumors in young and aging mice. AB - Transplacentally-induced lung tumors arising in BALB/c mice 38-45 weeks old (late crop) were significantly larger and more invasive of the surrounding lung parenchyma than were the tumors appearing at 10-36 weeks (early crop). The late crop tumors were also somewhat more papillary and heterogeneous. Development of the 2 crops of tumors from different cell types of origin is postulated. A specific association of lymphocytes with the pleural surfaces of some tumors was noted and this association was significantly more likely for tumors invading the parenchyma than for non-invasive ones. PMID- 7296522 TI - Mutagenicity of paint removers containing dichloromethane. AB - A volatile component of commercially available paint and varnish removers was mutagenic in strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA100 and TA98. Levels of dichloromethane in exposure chambers were determined by gas chromatography and were related directly to mutational dose-effect curves observed for the products. PMID- 7296523 TI - Bestatin treatment of human lymphocytes increases the frequency of sheep red blood cell-binding cells. AB - Treatment of cancer patients with Bestatin, a new immunomodulator increases the frequency of peripheral lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). This study has shown that treatment of lymphocytes from healthy donors with Bestatin in vitro increases the frequency of such cells and there is a slight decrease of C'3-receptor bearing cells. The proportions of TM and TG cells were not significantly changed. The results indicate that the increased frequency of SRBC-binding cells during Bestatin medication is not due to a mobilisation of T-cells but rather to an improved binding capacity of certain T-cells for SRBC. PMID- 7296524 TI - Development of sarcomas in heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladder unit exposed to glucuronic acid conjugate of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl. AB - The glucuronic acid conjugate of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl was tested for carcinogenicity using a heterotopically transplanted rat urinary bladder (HTB) diverted from urine flow. A low-grade transitional cell carcinoma developed in 1 of 16 HTB and sarcoma surrounding the Ommaya reservoir connected to HTB in 8 of 16 rats. This unexpected high incidence of sarcomas, not previously observed in HTB-carcinogenesis model, suggested that the glucuronide conjugate of N-hydroxy-4 aminobiphenyl is a locally active carcinogen to mesenchymal cells. PMID- 7296525 TI - Determination of cocarcinogenic activity of benzo[e]pyrene for respiratory tract mucosa. AB - As benzo[e]pyrene (B[e]P) has been shown to enhance the carcinogenic effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on mouse skin [26], it therefore seemed important to determine if it would also act as a cocarcinogen in another target tissue, namely respiratory tract mucosa. Tracheal mucosa of rats was concomitantly exposed to B[a]P and B[e]P for up to 6 months. At B[a]P/B[e]P ratios of 1 : 1 and 0.5 : 1, B[e]P had no cocarcinogenic effects on tracheal epithelium. At the higher B[a]P/B[e]P ratio, B[e]P appeared to reduce the carcinoma incidence from 65% (B[a]P alone) to 40% (B[a]P plus B[e]P). In sharp contrast to the carcinoma incidence, the tracheal and peritracheal sarcoma incidence was enhanced 2-3-fold by B[e]P. Thus, while not cocarcinogenic for tracheal epithelium, B[e]P was cocarcinogenic for connective tissue. Together with other results [26], these point to the importance of the target tissue as a determining factor of cocarcinogenic activity of test substances. PMID- 7296526 TI - Some observations on the oxidation phenotype status of Nigerian patients presenting with cancer. AB - The hypothesis is being explored that there may be an association between genetically determined oxidation status and propensity to develop carcinoma in response to environmental chemical carcinogens. For this purpose, the genetic structure of a normal, healthy Nigerian population with respect to oxidation status, has been compared with that found for a group of 59 Nigerian patients presenting with carcinoma of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Genetically determined oxidation status was assessed by measuring the extent of oxidation of a probe drug, debrisoquine, to its major metabolite, 4-hydroxydebrisoquine. The cancer group contained a disproportionately large number of individuals who were extensive oxidizers compared to the controls (2 P = 0.0045). The findings support the view that genetically determined oxidation status may be an important host factor in influencing responsiveness to chemical carcinogens that require oxidative metabolic activation. PMID- 7296528 TI - The effect of non-phorbol promoters as compared with phorbol myristate acetate on sister chromatid exchange induction in cultured Chinese hamster cells. AB - The effect of 5 unrelated chemicals with different promoting potencies on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in V79 cells was investigated. Two powerful promoters--12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and anthralin; a moderate promoter--iodoacetic acid (IAA); two weak promoters--ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP) and cantharidin--all induced similar and low numbers of SCE. These results do not support the hypothesis that enhanced mitotic recombination is responsible for tumour promotion. PMID- 7296527 TI - Inhibition of intercellular communication between liver cells by the liver tumor promoter 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane. AB - A dose dependent inhibition of intercellular communication (metabolic cooperation) between primary cultures of rat liver hepatocytes and an established adult rat liver epithelial cell 6-thioguanine resistant strain by the liver tumor promoter 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) is demonstrated. This in vitro assay is proposed to evaluate the tumor promoting activity of oncogenic agents shown to be non-genotoxic in the liver culture systems. PMID- 7296529 TI - Liver cancer and precancerous changes in rats induced by the basic fraction of tryptophan pyrolysate. AB - The basic fraction of a tryptophan pyrolysate (Trp-P-BF) was given orally to Wistar rats for about 2 years. In Experiment I, 5 male rats each were given 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% Trp-P-BF. Dose-dependent growth retardation was observed in these groups and neoplastic nodules were found in the liver of 1 rat given 0.2% Trp-P-BF and a hepatocellular carcinoma was found in 1 rat given 0.4% Trp-P-BF diet. In Experiment II, 25 rats of both sexes were fed 0.5% or 0.2% Trp-P-BF diet. Neoplastic nodules were induced in 2 of 22 males and 5 of 18 females given 0.2% Trp-P-BF diet. Mammary adenomas developed, but no neoplastic nodules were found in the liver of rats fed on 0.05% Trp-P-BF or control diet. Females were more sensitive to Trp-P-BF than males. PMID- 7296530 TI - An inverse correlation between hepatic ornithine decarboxylase and S adenosylmethionine in rats. AB - The comparative effects of the subchronic administration to rats of ethionine supplemented and of chemically defined methyl-deficient diets on the hepatic levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme marker of cell proliferation, were studied. Both treatments led to decreased hepatic levels of SAM and to marked increased activities in ODC. Both systems led to significant inverse correlations between ODC and SAM. In rats fed the methyl-deficient diets, hepatic levels of SAM were generally proportional to the dietary content of methionine and choline. The metabolic increases in S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) observed in the livers of methyl deficient rats were proportional to the changes seen in ODC. PMID- 7296531 TI - O6-alkylguanine and structural modifications in liver DNA of dialkylnitrosamine treated rats. AB - Isolated rat liver DNA was fractionated on benzoylated-naphthoylated-DEAE cellulose (BND-cellulose) columns. In experiments with dimethyl-nitrosamine (DMN) treated (1-30 mg/kg) rats killed 24 h after injection, the amount of DNA eluting in the formamide fraction (i.e., containing single-stranded or partially denatured regions) was increased in a dose-dependent way. The absence of an effect at 6 days after DMN indicated that above regions disappear much more rapidly from rat liver DNA than do those DMN-induced lesions that give rise to more persistent DNA fragmentation in alkaline sucrose gradients. This indicates that 2 different lesions are involved. When the extents of alkylation at the O6- and 7-position of guanine in the NaCl-eluted and formamide-eluted DNA were compared, no significant differences were observed. Our results indicate that, at least in the present system, neither the presence nor the repair of O6 alkylguanine is related to the formation of single-stranded regions in rat liver DNA. PMID- 7296532 TI - Urinary excretion of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in rats following its epicutaneous and intratracheal administration and its formation in vivo following skin application of diethanolamine. PMID- 7296533 TI - Characterization of the inhibitory effects of the phytotoxic agent propachlor (alpha-chloro-N-isopropyl-acetanilide), on L1210 cell proliferation. AB - We recently reported that a variety of phytotoxic compounds are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of mammalian tumor cells. We now report that an additional herbicide, propachlor (alpha-chloro-N-isopropyl-acetanilide), has a strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of L1210 mouse leukemia cells. When tested in vitro against L1210 cells, propachlor displayed an ID50 on cell proliferation of less than 3 x 10(-7) M. Propachlor also inhibited significantly the uptake of leucine, thymidine and uridine. Kinetic experiments indicate that the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and precursor uptake are present after the first day of culture. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of propachlor is largely reversible in that cells grown in propachlor and then washed free of the compound return to a nearly normal rate of proliferation. Finally, these effects of propachlor were dependent on cell density, with greater activity occurring at higher propachlor to cell ratios. PMID- 7296534 TI - Dose-dependent induction of rat liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon monooxygenase by benzo[k]fluoranthene. AB - The environmentally widespread polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[k]fluoranthene is a potent AHH inducer. This has been proven by recording the benz[a]anthracene metabolite profile in the rat liver by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. Even a total dose of 3 times 50 micrograms/kg body wt increases the metabolism of benz[a]anthracene by a factor of 2. The formation of the 8,9- as well as the 5,6-dihydrodiol is stimulated to about the same extent, whereas the formation of the 10,11 dihydrodiol is suppressed. After comparatively low doses of the inducer, a metabolite is formed which corresponds in all parameters with the postulated ultimate carcinogen 3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene. This metabolite and a number of other primary and secondary oxidation products could be identified after incubation with induced but not with normal microsomes. Therefore, it should be emphasised that metabolite profiles have to be recorded instead of measuring brutto conversions of PAH substrates to evaluate inducing effects. PMID- 7296536 TI - Actin depolymerising activity in tumour-bearing rats. AB - The actin depolymerising activity in plasma, liver and gastrocnemius muscle of normal and tumour-bearing rats and in Walker 256 carcinoma grown in the solid and ascitic form was measured. Similar levels of actin depolymerising activity were observed in solid and ascitic forms of the tumour. No alteration in actin depolymerising activity was found to accompany the increased levels of unpolymerised actin found in the plasma and tissues of the tumour-bearing rat. It was concluded that changes in the state of polymerisation of actin in the tissues of the tumour-bearing host could not be attributed to an effect of the tumour on actin depolymerising activity. PMID- 7296535 TI - The apparent inhibition of urothelial DNA synthesis in neonatal rats by dietary saccharin. AB - [3H]Thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation into urothelial DNA of male neonatal rats was measured autoradiographically at birth and during the first 3 weeks of life. The rats were derived from control parents and those fed saccharin (1, 3, 5 and 7.5%) in the diet from before pregnancy. [3H]TdR incorporation was inhibited and there were more lightly labeled cells (compared with controls), in all the saccharin-exposed rats in a rough dose-dependent manner. The results, in comparison with controls, suggest that saccharin exposure in utero causes DNA damage in the neonatal urothelium manifesting as reduced thymidine incorporation and a greater proportion of lightly labeled cells. PMID- 7296537 TI - Dietary selenium intake and growth of the MT-W9B transplantable rat mammary tumor. AB - The present study reports the effect of dietary selenium deficiency and supplementation on the growth of the transplantable MT-W9B mammary tumor in female Wistar-Furth rats. Supplementation of the diet with 2 ppm of selenium inhibited tumor growth and reduced the final tumor weight by approximately 50% compared to the control rats receiving 0.1 ppm of selenium. The inhibitory response was selective, without inducing any weight loss in the animals. On the other hand, selenium deficiency (less than 0.02 ppm) had no influence on the growth of this tumor. PMID- 7296538 TI - The carcinogenicity of N-nitrosodiethanolamine, an environmental pollutant, in Syrian hamsters. AB - Weekly subcutaneous injections of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) at doses of 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg body wt for life induced tumors in Syrian hamsters which primarily affected the upper respiratory tract. The incidence of these malignant neoplasms arising exclusively from the olfactory region was between 73% (highest dose) and 35% (lowest dose). Lower numbers of neoplasms were found with decreasing frequency in the trachea, larynx and lungs. The results indicate that doses of NDELA lower than 250 mg/kg body wt may also be carcinogenic. Hence, NDELA and its precursors should be regarded as hazardous to human health. PMID- 7296540 TI - Utilization of blood analyses to evaluate metabolic changes in control and 1,2 dimethylhydrazine-treated adult male fischer rats. AB - The synthetic compound 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is employed in carcinogenesis studies because of its reliable and specific ability to produce colon tumors in rodents. Male Fischer rats were treated at 7 weeks of age with a single oral dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (35 mg/kg) and examined at autopsy 1.5 years later when the incidence of colon tumors is approximately 80%. Blood from control and 1,2 dimethylhydrazine-treated animals was taken at autopsy for routine hematoplazia analysis and for biochemical analysis with the Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer multitest system. The results indicate that the induction of tumors with a single oral dose of this carcinogen is associated with statistically significant changes in the serum levels of some clinically useful metabolic parameters. Clinically significant changes in the serum chemistry were increases in the creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and albumin/globulin values without an increase in the total serum protein. The multitest system has not been previously employed to evaluate the blood chemistry profiles of tumor-bearing animals and, thus, this study provides an illustration of the potential for this technique to evaluate metabolic changes associated with exposure to carcinogens. PMID- 7296541 TI - Transformation-dependent quantitative changes in glycopeptide binding to concanavalin A-sepharose. AB - Differentially L-fucose-labelled glycopeptides from the surface of a Syrian golden hamster (SGH) fetal lung control cell line were compared with those from chemically-transformed and tumour cell lines derived from the control line by cochromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose (Con A-Sepharose) and Sephadex G-50. Quantitative differences were found both in the unbound and specifically-bound fractions between control and transformed cells upon Con A-Sepharose chromatography. In the glycopeptides from transformed and tumour cells, the unretarded fraction was concomitantly decreased compared to the controls. When the ratio of unbound to specifically-bound fractions was used, a statistically significant difference could be calculated between the values of control versus transformed or tumour cells. In all transformed and tumour cell lines investigated, the quantitative change in Concanavalin A binding, expressed as an increase of the ratio of unretarded to specifically-bound glycopeptides, was paralleled by a shift of transformed or tumour glycopeptides to higher apparent molecular weight compared to the control in gel chromatography. PMID- 7296539 TI - A method for detecting aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in cryopreserved human lymphocytes. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity, NADH-dependent cytochrome c reductase (cyt c) activity, and [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation were monitored in human lymphocytes cryopreserved for periods up to 1 year. A standard procedure for freezing, thawing and culturing of these lymphocytes was developed. Kinetics for expression of benz[a]anthracene-(BA)-induced AHH activity, cyt c activity, and 3H-TdR incorporation were similar in both freshly cultured and cryopreserved cells. Lymphocyte samples from 10 individuals were collected once per month over a 3-month period and cells were either cultured at the time of donation or cryopreserved for later assay. Results indicated that the cryopreserved lymphocytes efficiently responded to mitogen activation. The intra individual variation in AHH activities was reduced in the cryopreserved lymphocytes compared to the freshly cultured cells, and the relative ranking of these individuals in terms of their AHH activities remained constant for both fresh and cryopreserved samples. Cryopreservation seems to offer significant advantages over the freshly cultured lymphocytes because it allows for lymphocyte samples to be collected in diverse geological locations and over extended periods of time and yet permits for the culture and assay of all the cell samples at exactly the same time. PMID- 7296543 TI - Comparative carcinogenicity of two isomers of nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in guinea pigs. AB - The cis and trans isomers of nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (Me2NMOR) were administered by gavage to male Strain-2 guinea pigs as solutions in oil twice weekly for 30 weeks. Those animals treated with the cis isomer developed almost 100% incidence of liver tumors, together with tumors of the lung and adrenal cortex. In contrast, almost none of the animals treated with the trans isomer died with tumors. In rats, the trans isomer was considerably more potent than the cis, whereas this is not the result in guinea pigs, in which the cis is possibly more potent than the trans. This suggests that the mechanisms of activation in the 2 species might be different. PMID- 7296542 TI - Expression of prostatic acid phosphatase in human prostate cancer. AB - By a specific immunochemical measurement, the activity of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in prostate cancer was found to be about 25%, on average, based on micrograms DNA or per cell, of that in normal prostate or benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The reduction of PAP in prostate cancer was further revealed by a decrease in PAP protein. The 125I-labeled anti-PAP IgG specifically bound to nascent peptides on PAP-synthesizing polysomes showed no qualitative differences among cancerous prostate, normal prostate and BPH. However, the quantitative binding of 125I-labeled anti-PAP IgG to polysomes of cancerous prostate was half that of normal prostate of BPH. These data suggest that a significant amount of PAP and its synthesizing polysomes was reduced in prostate cancer as a result of PAP gene suppression. PMID- 7296544 TI - Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations in cultured mammalian cells by N-nitrosocimetidine. AB - N-Nitrosocimetidine (NC) induces significant numbers of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells even at a concentration of 1.2 x 10(-7) M. Its effectiveness in SCE induction is about two thirds that of the gastric carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). These results constitute further evidence that NC possesses carcinogenic activity. PMID- 7296545 TI - A rapid method for isolating phorbol from croton oil. AB - The published method for isolating phorbol from croton oil has been improved and made more rapid, mainly by the addition of silica-gel column chromatography. The spectral characteristics are recorded, including the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum. PMID- 7296546 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and in vitro responses to glucocorticoid in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Early clinical studies in which glucocorticoids were used alone in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) reported a wide range of responses from remission in some patients to dramatic aggravation of the disease in others. In the hopes of identifying those patients likely to derive therapeutic benefit from glucocorticoids, we have studied glucocorticoid receptors and in vitro responses to glucocorticoids in 36 previously untreated adults with ANLL. The leukemic blasts of all patients contained glucocorticoid receptors (range, 4,300 to 28,400 total receptor sites per cell; median, 8,800). These receptors were similar in all respects studied to those from a variety of other normal and malignant tissues. There was little difference between receptor levels among the various French-American-British categories. In vitro responses to glucocorticoid were observed in leukemic blasts of 26 of 28 cases studied. These responses varied from near complete cell killing to stimulation of proliferation. Since the cells of patients with ANLL have about the same number of receptors as do cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and these receptors are capable of mediating physiological responses in vitro, it is unlikely that qualitative or quantitative receptor defects underlie the relative resistance to glucocorticoid therapy of ALL compared to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the broad range of in vitro responses and receptor levels suggests that these studies might be useful in identifying those patients with ANLL likely to derive benefit from steroid therapy. PMID- 7296547 TI - Pharmacologic antidotes to experimental doxorubicin skin toxicity: a suggested role for beta-adrenergic compounds. AB - Doxorubicin (ADM) skin toxicity is a serious complication of inadvertent perivenous drug infiltrations. In an attempt to attempt to identify possible antidotes, nine diverse pharmacologic agents were injected intradermally into the hair-free dorsum of BALB/c mice following an intradermal ADM dose of either 0.05 or 0.5 mg. Seven of the compounds were ineffective in reducing ADM-induced ulceration; the compounds included lidocaine, cimetidine, diphenhydramine, sodium heparin, hyaluronidase, N-acetylcysteine, and alpha-diphenhydramine, sodium heparin, hyaluronidase, N-acetylcysteine, and alpha-tocopherol. The latter five compounds actually increased ulceration induced by ADM (0.5 mg), especially N acetylcysteine, which tripled the total toxic effect. Two opposing beta adrenergic compounds, the antagonist propranolol and the agonist isoproterenol, reduced skin ulceration resulting from experimental treatment with intradermal ADM. A role for the beta-adrenergic receptor in mediating ADM-induced skin ulceration is suggested. PMID- 7296548 TI - Phase I and pharmacokinetic studies of DON. AB - DON, a glutamine antagonist, was administered iv to 26 patients with advanced cancer either once every 3 wks or daily for 3 days every 3 wks to determine toxicity and to look for evidence of therapeutic effect. Total doses ranged from 150 to 600 mg/m2. The single-day schedule produced intolerable nausea and vomiting and no evidence of cytotoxicity at 450-550 mg/m2 given over 10 mins or over 4 hrs. On the 3-day schedule, patients had tolerable gastrointestinal toxic effects at total doses up to 480 mg/m2 given in three equally divided doses by 10 min infusion. This dose also produced cytotoxic activity manifested as transient mild leukopenia and, rarely, thrombocytopenia. No objective responses were seen. Analysis of the plasma elimination of DON demonstrated dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. The parent compound was not detectable in the urine of any patient, indicating extensive metabolism of the drug. PMID- 7296549 TI - Assessment of in vivo effectiveness of tumoricidal chemotherapy and radiation therapy by serial analysis of tumor-associated urinary antigen titers in patients with sarcoma. AB - Serial measurements of tumor-associated antigens in the urine of patients with sarcoma who received preoperative intra-arterial doxorubicin and radiation therapy were assayed by microcomplement fixation. Changes in urinary antigen titer as a result of therapy were compared to pretreatment samples and were correlated with clinicopathologic evidence of in situ tumor cell destruction. Of the 53 patients with sarcoma studied, 44 had clinicopathologic evidence of tumor destruction induced by the preoperative therapy, and all 44 had a fourfold or greater rise in the level of urinary antigens during the treatment period. The other nine patients had no evidence of tumor destruction and antigen titers remained unchanged. Results suggested that tumoricidal therapy released tumor associated antigens which could be detected in urine by microcomplement fixation. This phenomenon may be useful for measuring the in vivo effectiveness of tumoricidal therapy on nonaccessible tumors. PMID- 7296550 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vincristine infusion. AB - Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay, serial blood concentrations of vincristine were measured in 11 patients with refractory malignancies receiving infusions of vincristine at three dose levels: 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/m2 daily for 5 days. The pharmacokinetics of vincristine infusion were compared to pharmacologic data obtained from four patients who received conventional iv bolus injections of 2 mg of vincristine. Whereas rapid decline of blood levels was seen following iv bolus injection, with concentrations of vincristine approaching 10(-9) M by 48-72 hours, vincristine infusions of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/m2 daily for 5 days consistently resulted in blood concentrations greater than 10(-9) M during the treatment period. Similarly, areas under the concentration curve were greater in patients receiving infusions compared to bolus injections of vincristine. Antitumor responses in patients receiving vincristine infusions were observed after failure to respond to iv bolus injections. These data demonstrate the ability of infusion therapy to sustain blood concentrations of vincristine in man beyond that seen with conventional administration and suggest the possibility of improved therapeutic efficacy with this agent by use of infusion techniques. PMID- 7296551 TI - Increased schedule-dependent synergism of vindesine versus vincristine in combination with methotrexate against L1210 leukemia. AB - BD2F1 mice were inoculated ip with 10(6) L1210 leukemia cells and treated with vincristine or vindesine alone or in combination with methotrexate. Drug administration was begun on Day 1 and was continued every 4 days until a total of five doses were given or death occurred. Methotrexate (48 or 72 mg/kg ip) produced a 199% and a 222% increase in lifespan, respectively, as compared with untreated animals (6.9 +/- 0.5 days). When given as single agents, vincristine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg ip) or vindesine (0.5-1.5 mg/kg ip) produced between a 27% and an 88% increase in lifespan. The therapeutic benefit observed when either vinca alkaloid was used with methotrexate was schedule-dependent. With the exception of vindesine plus 72 mg/kg of methotrexate, the increase in lifespan produced by the simultaneous administration of methotrexate and either vinca alkaloid was additive. When vindesine was administered with 72 mg/kg of methotrexate, the increase in lifespan was greater than expected from an additive effect of the two agents. However, none of the trials employing single-agent therapy or simultaneous combination therapy produced long-term survivors (greater than or equal to 90 days after therapy). When either vinca alkaloid was given 24 hours after the folate analog, the increase in lifespan was almost 100% greater than that observed when the agents were given simultaneously; moreover, long-term survivors were produced. Vindesine in combination with 48 mg/kg of methotrexate produced 10%-25% long-term survivors, as compared to 5%-7% long-term survivors obtained with vincristine. In combination with 72 mg/kg of methotrexate, vindesine produced 27%-60% long-term survivors, as compared to 10%-20% long-term survivors obtained with vincristine. When either vinca alkaloid was administered 72 hours after methotrexate, the regimen was still synergistic, but the overall effect was less than with a 24-hour delay. When two doses of either vinca alkaloid were injected at 24 and 72 hours after the folate analog, the result was either highly therapeutic or very toxic. Two doses of 0.5 mg/kg of vindesine or vincristine with 48 mg/kg of methotrexate produced 35% and 20% long-term survivors, respectively. All other regimens were toxic. PMID- 7296552 TI - Effect of 4'-doxorubicin analogs on heterotransplantation of human tumors in congenitally athymic mice. AB - The antitumor activity of three new doxorubicin (DX) derivatives with less cardiotoxicity than the parent compound was tested against several human tumors representative of some of the major classes of human cancer. The tested DX derivatives, modified on the 4' position of the amino sugar, were 4'-epiDX, 4' deoxyDX, and 4'-O-methylDX. Fourteen human tumors (three breast tumors, three lung tumors, three melanomas, two ovarian tumors, one prostate tumor, one sarcoma, and one larynx tumor) serially transplanted in athymic mice were used to screen the antineoplastic activity of the 4'-DX derivatives. BALB/c nude mice were treated iv with equitoxic doses of each as a single agent (less than or equal to LD10) on a weekly basis for 3-4 weeks, starting when the tumor became relatively large. 4'-EpiDX, which has a higher threshold limit of cardiac toxicity in man, was found active against breast, lung (epidermoid and oat cell carcinoma), prostate, and ovarian tumors. This drug showed particularly good activity against melanomas. 4'-DeoxyDX was active against breast and prostate tumors, while 4'-0-methylDX was active against breast and ovarian tumors and possibly sarcoma. PMID- 7296553 TI - Immunosuppressive properties and circulating life of Achromobacter glutaminase asparaginase covalently attached to polyethylene glycol in man. AB - The immunosuppressive effects and circulating life of Achromobacter glutaminase asparaginase (GA) covalently attached to polyethylene glycol (PEG) were examined in human subjects following a single iv dose of 1000 IU/m2. Plasma half-life of PEG-GA was 72 hours. Skin test reactivity to recall antigens (mumps and tuberculin) was lost in all four patients tested. In vitro phytohemagglutinin induced blastogenesis, "natural killing," and phytohemagglutinin-induced cell cytotoxicity was diminished as long as enzyme levels were detectable. In vivo and in vitro activities returned to normal following total plasma clearance of enzyme. PMID- 7296554 TI - Human myocardial morphologic and functional changes in the first 24 hours after doxorubicin administration. AB - The purpose of this study was to document early structural changes in the human heart after the initial administration of doxorubicin. Endomyocardial biopsies were performed at baseline and at 4 and 24 hours after doxorubicin administration to 13 patients. Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs (x 31,200) quantitated mitochondrial and tubular sizes (sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules). The mitochondrial size increased from 0.25 +/- 0.01 mu 2 (mean +/- SE) at baseline to 0.27 +/- 0.03 mu 2 (not significant [NS]) at 4 hours and 0.30 +/- 0.03 mu 2 (NS) at 24 hours. The tubular size increased from 2.24 +/- 0.13 x 10(4) nm2 at baseline to 2.60 +/- 0.26 x 10(4) nm2 (P less than 0.05) at 4 hours and 2.46 +/- 0.29 x 10(4) nm2 (NS) at 24 hours. Micrographs analyzed for nuclear changes showed nucleolar contraction and segregation of granular and fibrillar components. These changes were noted in five of ten patients at 4 hours and in eight of 13 patients at 24 hours. Serial echocardiographic and systolic time interval determinations of left ventricular function demonstrated a significant improvement at both 4 and 24 hours. In conclusion, doxorubicin has its most significant effect on tubular structures. Left ventricular function improved during this time despite these findings. PMID- 7296555 TI - Erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients receiving hyperthermia with and without chemotherapy. AB - The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was studied in 24 patients receiving whole body hyperthermia, with and without concomitant chemotherapy, for 2-4 hours as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for advanced metastatic disease. No alteration in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was observed with whole-body hyperthermia. PMID- 7296556 TI - 5-FU cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7296557 TI - Concomitant phase II studies of pyrazofurin and razoxane in alkylating agent resistant cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7296558 TI - Phase II study of PCNU in colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 7296559 TI - Histologic variation in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: commentary. PMID- 7296560 TI - Commentary: current status of chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 7296561 TI - Preparation of two methyl deoxyfluoro-beta-D-galactopyranosides, and their interaction with galactan-specific immunoglobulin A J539 (Fab'). AB - Methyl 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-glactopyranoside (2) and methyl 4-deoxy-4-fluoro beta-D-glactopyranoside (7) have been prepared, and the possibility of their binding to (1 leads to 6)-beta-D-galactopyranan-specific immunoglobulin A J539 (Fab') has been investigated. Compound 2 does not show binding, whereas 7 does. It appears that the 2-hydroxyl group of methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside may take part in hydrogen bonding to the protein. PMID- 7296563 TI - In vivo ageing of human erythrocytes and cell-surface labeling by D-galactose oxidase and sodium borotritide. AB - Young and old, human erythrocytes, separated in vitro according to their age in vivo, were radioactively labeled at the cell-surface D-galactosyl and 2-acetamido 2-deoxy-D-galactosyl residues by treatment with D-galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with sodium borotritide. The labeling was quantitatively determined for each type of erythrocyte by measuring the molar amounts of borohydride necessary for the complete reduction of the oxidized residues. The number of surface residues per blood-group A+ erythrocyte was found to be 37.6 +/- 1.8 x 10(6) (n = 8) for young, 21.8 +/- 4.9 x 10(6) (n = 8) for old, and 24.8 +/- 6.4 x 10(6) (n = 8) for middle-aged erythrocytes, indicating a significant decrease of the residues during ageing. PMID- 7296564 TI - Synthesis of sedoheptulose from non-dialyzable, endogenous substrates in mammalian tissue extracts. AB - Sedoheptulose was observed to be formed at the rate of 12-120 nmol/g tissue/h in dialyzed rat and bovine tissue homogenates. The compound was identified by its gas-chromatographic retention time and by its mass spectrum. A standard of [14C] sedoheptulose was prepared from D-[14C]fructose 6-phosphate and D-erythrose 4 phosphate for use in radioactive gas-chromatographic analysis in studies of possible precursors of the sedoheptulose. The reaction was stimulated by NAD+. Evidence is presented to show that non-dialyzable sedoheptulose 7-phosphate may be the endogenous precursor. These results show that care must be exercised when using crude enzyme preparations and extremely sensitive analytical methods so that chromatographically unresolved products formed from non-dialyzable, endogenous substrates of low molecular weight do not introduce significant error in the analysis of the expected product. PMID- 7296565 TI - Structural investigation of Klebsiella K-type 4 capsular polysaccharide. AB - The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella K4 contains the tetrasaccharide repeating-sequence leads to 3)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Glcp A-(1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1 leads to. P.m.r. spectroscopy and the measurement of optical rotation were used to establish the anomeric linkages in the polysaccharide and in the oligosaccharides derived by partial hydrolysis. The repeating unit also contains one 0-acetyl group. PMID- 7296562 TI - Evidence for the presence of the trimannosyl-di-N-acetylchitobiose core in the carbohydrate chains of human-parotid, proline-rich glycoprotein. AB - The carbohydrate chains of the human-parotid, proline-rich glycoprotein are linked through a single type of carbohydrate-peptide linkage (asparaginyl-N acetylglucosamine). The structure of the internal part of the carbohydrate chains, determined by chemical, enzymic, and g.l.c.--m.s. methods, includes the trimannosyl-di-N-acetylchitobiose core involved in the carbohydrate-peptide linkage. Furthermore, an L-fucose residue is linked to the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D glucosyl residue linked to the L-asparaginyl residue. The sequence of the peripheral part of the chains has also been determined as alpha-L-Fuc rho leads to beta-D-Gal rho leads to beta-D-Glc rho NAc leads to alpha-D-Man rho, suggesting a double-branched, basic carbohydrate structure. PMID- 7296566 TI - 4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a fluorogenic substrate for N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase. AB - Condensation of dimeric 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-nitroso-alpha-D glucopyranosyl chloride with 4-methylumbelliferone gave crystalline 4 methylumbelliferyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-oximino-alpha-D-arabino hexopyranoside. Acetylation of this adduct, reduction of the resulting crude O acetyloxime with borane in oxolane, and acetylation gave the 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl derivative of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1). A new sensitive assay of N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.50) is made possible by fluorometric measurement of 4-methylumbelliferone liberated by enzymic hydrolysis of glycoside 1. Such assays are illustrated by results obtained with enzyme preparations from pig liver and human-blood serum. PMID- 7296567 TI - [Systematic post-infarction coronarography]. PMID- 7296568 TI - [Decreased right branch block. Observations of 68 junctional paroxysmal tachycardias with normal intercritical ECG]. PMID- 7296569 TI - [Reduction of auricular fibrillations with chlorhydrate of fenoxedil. Apropos of 60 cases]. PMID- 7296570 TI - [Electrophysiologic study of injectable oxprenolol]. PMID- 7296571 TI - Isocentric biplane angiocardiography for hemiaxial left ventricular volume estimation. First results. PMID- 7296572 TI - [Heart attacks in young adults (under 40 years). Risk factors, coronary morphology, prognosis and progression of coronary vessel sclerosis]. PMID- 7296573 TI - [Follow-up of 3262 coronary patients at the Centre de Readaption Specialise d'Abreschviller during the second phase of their disorder, between 1975 and 1980]. PMID- 7296574 TI - [Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy during exercise in coronary disease]. PMID- 7296575 TI - [Dipyridamole test in the evaluation of coronary circulation and cardiac function using 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy]. PMID- 7296576 TI - [Annulo-ectatic disease or dystrophic aneurysm of the ascending aorta]. PMID- 7296577 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis of aortic dissection using TM and 2D echography]. PMID- 7296579 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7296578 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography with contrast in tricuspid insufficiency]. PMID- 7296580 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function in cardiomyopathies. Comparative study of systolic time intervals and apex cardiography]. PMID- 7296581 TI - [Prognostic indicators in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7296582 TI - [Holter recording of electrocardiograms. Evaluation of current methods]. PMID- 7296583 TI - [Anatomy of accessory conduction pathways]. PMID- 7296584 TI - Determinants of systemic vascular resistance in children with congenital heart disease. AB - It is well known on the basis of acute experiments that changes in systemic arterial oxygen saturation, haemoglobin concentration and acid-base state produce changes in systemic vascular resistance. However, it is not known whether the same changes occur in the chronic state. In order to investigate this problem, we measured systemic vascular resistance in a population in whom chronic changes in these variables are common, namely 195 subjects with congenital heart disease. The significance of these factors was assessed by their ability to predict systemic vascular resistance in a multiple regression equation which also took account of the size of the patient. No matter how the size of the patient was allowed for, haemoglobin concentration, systemic arterial pH (or non-respiratory pH) and systemic arterial oxygen saturation were significantly (P less than 0.025) and positively correlated with systemic vascular resistance. We conclude that, as far as these factors are concerned, the mechanisms operating in the acute state continue to function in the chronic state. PMID- 7296585 TI - The in vivo determination of the blood volume in the foot using a mercury strain gauge plethysmograph and I-131 labelled serum albumin. AB - Blood volume (cm 3 . 100 cm -3 tissue) measurements were performed in the foot of normal individuals and patients with occlusive arterial disease. The blood volume was estimated by measuring the radioactivity of the foot after the injection of I 131 labelled serum albumin. The calibration of this measurement is performed by comparing the temporary increase in radioactivity during a venous occlusion with the simultaneous volume increase of the foot measured by a mercury strain gauge plethysmograph. The mean blood volume (corrected value) in the foot of normal subjects is not significantly different from the mean corrected value measured in patients with occlusive arterial disease: normal 3.04+/- 0.69 cm3. 100 cm - 3 (n=13), versus pathological 3.23+/- 0.78 cm -3 . 100 cm -3 (n = 14). The measurements of Prerovsky et al on the calf were confirmed with the same technique. PMID- 7296586 TI - Time-dependent response of coronary flow to prolonged adenosine infusion: doubling of peak reactive hyperaemic flow. AB - In 11 anaesthetised, Open chest dogs the time course and degree of the coronary vasodilating response to intracoronary adenosine infusion was assessed. Continuous adenosine infusion, at a rate of 2.5 to 13.5 mumol . min-1, produced rapid (15 to 30s) vasodilation of the same degree as that evoked by a 30 s period of ischaemia (reactive peak hyperaemia), a finding reported previously by others. However, continuing the infusion led to further coronary vasodilation, reaching a maximum 20 to 45 min from the beginning of the infusion and remaining constant for up to 2 h, independently of further increases in the dose. This late response produced, on average, vasodilatation twice as great as that observed during reactive hyperaemia and was not associated with any haemodynamic change or with the opening of arterio-venous shunts. THE RESULTS: 1) suggest the existence of a double, time-dependent response of coronary receptor(s) to adenosine; 2) demonstrate, in the presence of a prolonged vasodilating stimulus, a possible increase in coronary blood flow to a degree far beyond that of post-ischaemic reactive peak flow, which is generally considered to be the maximal value of coronary blood flow that can be achieved. PMID- 7296587 TI - Enhanced noradrenaline response in cardiomyopathic hamsters: possible relation to changes in adrenoceptors studied by radioligand binding. AB - To assess the possible relation between catecholamine responses and adrenoceptor affinity and density, we compared the effect of noradrenaline, isoprenaline and ouabain on the right ventricular muscle strips from normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters with alpha 1- and beta-adrenoceptor characteristics assessed by radioligand binding methods. At concentrations of 1.28, 2.56, 5.0 and 10 x 10 ( 6) mol . litre (-1) noradrenaline raised isometric tension by 27 +/- 4, 39 +/- 5, 52 +/- 5 and 61 +/-6% in normal animals (n = 6). Corresponding increase of 65 +/- 8, 92 +/- 8, 109 +/- 9 and 115 +/- 10% occurred in cardiomyopathic hamsters (n=11, all P less than 0.02). The responses to isoprenaline (Emax =82%) and ouabain did not differ between the two groups of hamsters. [3H]-prazosin, a new radioligand, and [-3H]-dihydroalprenolol were used to assess alpha 1- and beta adrenoceptors in cardiac membranes. By Scatchard analysis, the KD values for both ligands did not differ between normal and cardiomyopathic hamsters, but the maximum number of binding sites was higher in the myopathic group: 5.5 vs 3.9 fmol . mg [-1] protein for [3H]-prazosin and 27 vs 20 fmol . mg [-1] protein for [-3H]-dihydroalprenolol (both P less than 0.05). Histochemically, oxidative and glycolytic activity were normal but lysosomal acid phosphatase was high. Possible explanations for the raise response to noradrenaline in cardiomyopathic hamster include and increased concentration of noradrenaline in the synaptic cleft due to defective neuronal uptake and / or stimulation of an augmented population of alpha 1-(postsynaptic) adrenoceptors. PMID- 7296588 TI - Regional O2 consumption in canine left ventricular myocardium in experimental acute aortic valvular insufficiency. AB - Moderate and severe acute aortic valvular insufficiency (AVI) were produced for 30 min in anesthetised, open-chest dogs, in order to measure O2 consumption in subepicardial (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) regions of the left ventricular free wall. Regional O2 consumption (MVO2) was determined from regional O2 extraction and blood flow data determined by absorbence microspectrophotometry and radioactive microspheres. In all groups, venous saturations were lower and O2 extractions higher in the ENDO than in the EPI. Oxygen extractions increased in both regions in both severities of AVI, but more so with severe AVI. The ENDO became perfused relative to the EPI with increasing severity of AVI. Left ventricular MVO2 increased with AVI; however, ENDO MVO2 increased less than EPI MVO2. ENDO/EPI blood flow ratios decreased from 1.21 to 0.93 in moderate AVI and to 0.76 in severe AVI. ENDO/EPI MVO2 ratio decreased from 1.44 in controls to 0.94 in moderate and 0.54 in severe AVI. The ENDO/EPI MVO2 ratios began to decrease when DPTI/SPTI was less than 0.4 to 0.5. We conclude that AVI increases MVO2, but the ENDO cannot maintain its MVO2 relative to EPI because of proportionately less ENDO flow, and maximal O2 extraction. PMID- 7296589 TI - Metabolism and the electrical activity of human atrial myocardium. PMID- 7296591 TI - Pacemaker selectivity: influence on rabbit atria of ionic environment and of alinidine, a possible anion antagonist. AB - Alinidine, a new compound which reduces heart rate in man and animals, has a selective action on the sinus node. The dose-response relation between alinidine and frequency is not altered by atropine, and alinidine does not block the positive chronotropic action of isoprenaline. Alinidine has no negative inotropic action and has no effect on the linear relation between extracellular Ca and force of myocardial contraction. Alinidine did not alter the slope of the relation between frequency and external calcium concentration. Intracellular recordings showed that alinidine had no effect on the maximum rate of depolarisation or overshoot potential of rabbit atrial muscle, nor was conduction velocity, electrical threshold or maximum follow frequency affected. It was concluded that alinidine did not restrict current through fast inward channels. Alinidine did not increase resting potential or accelerate repolarisation, suggesting that potassium conductance was not increased. The effect of alinidine on frequency was not increased in 14 mmol . litre-1 KCl, or decreased in 2.24 mmol . litre-1 KCl, suggesting that the attachment of alinidine to receptors was not voltage-dependent. Spontaneous frequency was higher when NaCl was replaced by NaBr, and the bradycardic effect of alinidine was increased. Conversely, frequency was lower in NaCH3SO4 and the slope of the dose-response curve decreased. Intracellular recordings from sinus node cells showed that alinidine decreased the slope of the slow diastolic depolarisation and increased action potential duration, without altering the overshoot, the maximum diastolic potential, or the "take-off" potential. A possible explanation for these results is that alinidine restricts current through anion-selective channels. If so, the high potency of alinidine suggests that anionic current normally carries a substantial fraction of the current causing slow diastolic depolarisation. PMID- 7296590 TI - Continuous stroke volume and cardiac output from intra-ventricular dimensions obtained with impedance catheter. AB - To improve assessment of ventricular function during cardiac catheterisation there should be available a continuous registration of stroke volume and cardiac output in addition to ventricular pressure. To obtain the desired volumetric quantities a catheter has been developed which measures changes in intraventricular dimensions by electrical impedance. For this purpose, the catheter is equipped with eight electrodes spaced over a distance equal to the long axis of the left ventricle into which it is introduced. A constant current is imposed between the outermost electrodes while the inner six are used to measure resistance of volume segments of the blood contained within the ventricular cavity. The difference in resistance at the beginning and end of ejection is proportional to the contribution of each segment to stroke volume, which follows from addition to the segmental terms. Calibration is obtained by measuring electrical conductivity of a blood sample. The catheter was tested over a tenfold range of cardiac output, both in vitro, using an artificial heart model, while performance in vivo was evaluated in 12 dogs. In the animals study, stroke volume and cardiac output from the catheter were compared with flows obtained with an electromagnetic flowmeter. In both studies, linear regression analysis showed excellent correlation of cardiac output (r = 0.99, n = 10 in vitro, r = 0.95, n = 126 in vivo) while the regression equations were close to those of identity. Very good correlation (r = 0.98, n = 28) was also obtained for stroke volumes on a beat to beat basis during arrhythmia. It is concluded that the catheter, which has great potential for application in man, fulfills its primary aim of continuously recording stroke volume and cardiac output. PMID- 7296592 TI - Assessment of myocardial performance in ischaemic heart disease: from changes in left ventricular power output produced by graded-dose isoprenaline infusion. AB - Current clinical indices of myocardial contractility derive from concepts of muscle mechanics developed from isolated muscle experiments. Numerous simplifying assumptions are needed to apply these concepts to contractility studies in the whole heart. An alternative is to consider the heart as a pump which generates both pressure (P) and flow (Q) and to estimate its performance from the power output of its ventricles (P X Q). A method is described for measuring peak left ventricular power output in patients during routine cardiac catheterisation. The measurements have been made at rest and following inotropic challenge with gradient infusions of isoprenaline intravenously. Results from 13 patients with coronary artery disease and severe angina pectoris, who were clinically indistinguishable from one another, are reported. The patients could be grouped according to their left ventricular peak power responses to isoprenaline, although no difference could be demonstrated between them at rest. The patients who showed no increase in left ventricular power response to isoprenaline had a poor prognosis. PMID- 7296593 TI - Cefoxitin-induced pseudo acute renal failure. AB - A patient with probable pseudo acute renal failure resulting from the effect of cefoxitin on the routine measurement of serum creatinine is described. In vitro studies demonstrate varying degrees of cefoxitin interference with three widely used automated methods for creatinine determination, resulting in falsely elevated levels of this measure of renal function. Care in the interpretation of serum creatinine in patients receiving cefoxitin is advised. PMID- 7296594 TI - Plasma concentrations of diltiazem after oral administration in coronary artery disease patients: a comparison with those in normal volunteers. PMID- 7296595 TI - Muscle stiffness and muscle pain. PMID- 7296596 TI - Effects of long-lasting sulpiride therapy on growth hormone secretion in mentally disturbed children. AB - The effects of chronic sulpiride therapy on growth hormone (GH) secretion were studied in 11 mentally disturbed children, aged 5 to 13 years, five with personality disorders, three with childhood psychoses, one with hysteria, one with anxiety reactions, and one with neurosis. The basal GH secretion and response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were studied before the beginning of therapy and after ten days and three months of treatment with sulpiride (8 mg/kg body weight). No modifications in basal levels of GH or in the response to the stimulus were observed after ten days of therapy. After three months of treatment a blunted GH response to the stimulation was observed in three subjects, one of whom showed increased basal levels of GH. PMID- 7296597 TI - Characterization of the neurons of the submucosal ganglia of the choledocho duodenal junction of the cat. PMID- 7296599 TI - Histochemical observations on the female reproductive tract of bats--II. Vaginal mucins of three species of bats. PMID- 7296598 TI - On the similarity between the nuclear network and chromatin nonhistone proteins of sea urchin embryos. PMID- 7296600 TI - [GABA-neurotransmitter and its relation with the convulsions: rate, synthesis, uptake and release at the synaptosomal level (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296601 TI - Changes in non-histone proteins during mouse liver regeneration. PMID- 7296602 TI - Maternal protein malnutrition and post-natal cerebellar histogenesis in the rat. Effects on feulgen-DNA content of Purkinje cell population. PMID- 7296603 TI - Genetic studies on fresh water snails, specific intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis--III. Chemical mutation through incorporation of 5-bromouracil into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). PMID- 7296604 TI - Genetic studies on fresh water snails, specific intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis--IV. Gamma radiation as a physical mutagen on deoxyribonucleic acid 'DNA' in Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. PMID- 7296605 TI - Immunological control of parasitic diseases through chemically pretreated antigens--I. Schistosomiasis. PMID- 7296606 TI - Immunological control of tumor growth through chemically pretreated Biomphalaria snails extracts. PMID- 7296607 TI - Response of calcitonin cells, parathyroid, serum calcium and serum inorganic phosphorus during glucagon-induced hypocalcemia in the house shrew, Suncus murinus. PMID- 7296608 TI - Reciprocal induction of differentiation in mixed culture of neuroblastoma and glioma cells. PMID- 7296609 TI - Differentiation induced in a deficient mouse neuroblastoma line by rat glioma cells. PMID- 7296610 TI - Blood catalase levels and colonic temperatures in Swiss mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors. PMID- 7296611 TI - Variability of the cell surface in human malignant melanoma. PMID- 7296613 TI - [Health care in Czechoslovakia and activities of the Czech Medical Society]. PMID- 7296612 TI - Radioenzymatic assay for the simultaneous measurement of noradrenaline, dopamine and their non-O-methylated metabolites. PMID- 7296614 TI - [Practical uses of genetics in present-day medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296615 TI - [Determination of plasma fibrinogen by the nephelometer Thorp Mark IV (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296616 TI - [Echocardiographical diagnosis of ruptures in mitral valve suspension apparatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296617 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of aldosterone and its plasma and urine values (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296618 TI - [The effect of inhalation exposure to phenolformaldehyde and melamine bitumens on HDL cholesterol levels in humans (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296619 TI - [Changes in serum levels of triiodothyronine in dialyzed patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296620 TI - [Gastric carcinoid with atypical metastases in the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296621 TI - [Endobronchial and intrapulmonary lipomatous tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296623 TI - [Blood parathormone determination using cytochemical bioanalysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296622 TI - [Preclinical safety tests of new drugs using laboratory rats in terms of medullary haematopoietic inhibition (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296625 TI - Density centrifugation of murine fibrosarcoma cells following in situ labelling with tritiated thymidine. AB - Murine fibrosarcoma (FSa) cells form at least five unique subpopulations after centrifugation in linear Renografin density gradients. Each of these subpopulations has been characterized with respect to selected kinetic parameters using pulse-labelling techniques and flow microfluorometry (FMF) analysis. Tumour bearing mice were first injected intraperitoneally with a pulse label of tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR, 50 microCi). Following 15, 30, 60 min or 24 hr these animals were injected with cold thymidine. Animals were killed, their tumours removed and made into suspension, and separated by density gradient centrifugation. Each gradient was fractionated and the density, cell number, tritium activity, and labelling index (LI) per fraction were determined. These data were then compared to FMF data for selected cell density, cell number, tritium activity, and labelling index (LI) per fraction were determined. These data were then compared to FMF data for selected cell density bands. The results indicated a relatively higher uptake of [3H]TdR in the cells recovered at the lighter (1.06-1.12 g/cm3) as compared to the heavier (greater than 1.12 g/cm3) densities. Following a 30-min pulse, the LI's of light cells (less than 1.12 g/cm3) ranged from 25 to 30%, while the heavier cells (greater than 1.12 g/cm3) had LI's between 10 and 15%. The unseparated control cells had an LI of 19%. comparable results were found at the other times tested. In contrast, the FMF profiles describing the DNA contents of the cells banding in the gradient showed no difference in proportion of S-phase cells among the separated subpopulations. This lack of correlation between the FMF determination of S-phase cells and labelling index for the denser cell populations implies that DNA content alone is not an effective measurement of the functional activity of cells in solid tumours. Finally, the relatively reduced uptake of [3H]TdR by these denser cells suggests that they may have resided at relatively large distances from the functional vasculature in the tumour. PMID- 7296626 TI - Rat serum factors inhibiting the G1-S transition in hepatocytes. I. Production of a low molecular weight inhibitor by proteases or liver fractions. AB - An attempt was made to detect the serum factors inhibiting the G1-S transition in synchronized, baby rat hepatocytes. In untreated adult rat serum, this inhibitory activity was always linked to high molecular weight (HMW) compounds. Incubation of serum with trypsin or chymotrypsin resulted in the formation of a low molecular weight (LMW) G1-S inhibitory factor. The same result was obtained with fractions from adult rat liver but not with kidney or spleen fractions. Separation of the LMW factor by ultrafiltration increased its specific activity by about 10(3). The active period in the cell cycle of both the LMW and HMW factors was the same: the late G1 phase. However, the activity of the LMW factor was not blocked by the Kunitz factor. An enzymatic transformation of the HMW factor might be induced by liver cell membrane-bound proteases and constitute a mechanism regulating hepatocyte proliferation. PMID- 7296624 TI - Circadian rhythms in the epithelial cells and the pericryptal fibroblast sheath in three different sites in the murine intestinal tract. AB - Variations in percentage labelling (LI) and mitotic activity (mitoses per crypt) have been studied over a 24-hr period in the epithelial cells and pericryptal fibroblast sheath (PCFS) of the small intestine, caecum, and colon of the mouse. All three tissues displayed clear, synchronized circadian rhythms in DNA synthetic activity in both the epithelial cells and PCFS. Peak values were coincident within a tissue, but staggered between tissues. In the epithelial cells, peak mitotic values were found between 3 and 6 hr after the peak LI values. The low level of mitotic activity in the PCFS appeared to be synchronized with the rhythms in the adjacent epithelia. The epithelial cells of the lowest crypt third displayed the clearest circadian rhythms. However, the PCFS cells at all levels produced similar curves. A craniocaudal wave of proliferative activity is proposed. PMID- 7296628 TI - Mitotic rate of rat thyroid follicular cells in vivo in response to a single injection of thyrotropin (TSH). AB - The mitotic rate of thyroid follicular cells was assessed by a stathmokinetic method at intervals from 15 min to 24 hr after a single injection of 1 iu/kg of thyrotropin (TSH). The mitotic rate was increased 15 min after TSH and remained elevated for 3 hr. Two further peaks of mitotic activity were present at 9 hr and 24 hr after TSH. Serum TSH concentrations were increased from 5 min to 3 hr with a maximum at 1 hr. PMID- 7296627 TI - The effect of x-irradiation on cell loss in five solid murine tumours, as determined by the 125IUdR method. AB - The rate of cell loss in irradiated RIF-1, EMT6, KHJJ, B16 and KHT tumours was studied using the 125IUdR loss technique. Administration of 125IUdR preceded localized tumour irradiation by 2 days. Loss of tumour radioactivity was measured for 6-8 days after irradiation. The blood flow to some tumours was occluded during, and for 30 min following, injection of the label to measure the amount of radioactivity entering the tumour as a result of reutilization of label from the gut epithelia and influx of labelled host cells. Irradiation did not significantly alter the amount of radioactivity entering these clamped tumours during the 8-10 days after injection of 125IUdR. This permitted comparison of irradiated and control groups based on the loss of radioactivity from the non occluded tumours. Irradiation of RIF-1, EMT6, KHJJ or B16 tumours with doses of 600, 1400, 2400 or 4400 rads produced no significant increase in the rate of loss of tumour radioactivity. This suggested that, in the population of labelled cells, cell lysis following irradiation proceeded slowly. In contrast, KHT tumours showed a significant increase in loss rate following each radiation dose, although the increase was dose-independent. In all tumour systems, the constant rate of cell loss after radiation appeared to coincide with published reports of tumour growth responses after irradiation. The present data suggest that the manner of expression of radiation-induced cell killing results from the cellular proliferative status, i.e. whether a cell is cycling or non-cycling. PMID- 7296629 TI - DNA synthesis and cell generation pattern of chronic lymphatic leukaemia lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. AB - A detailed analysis of the cell recruitment and of the cell generation pattern of normal lymphocytes and chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) lymphocytes, simulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), was performed by the bromodeoxyuridiine (BUdR) Hoechst technique. It was found that in normal cultures the majority of cells divide two or three times, producing an early peak of DNA synthesis, while only a few cells grow exponentially and pass through many rounds of replication. On the contrary, the majority of CLL responsive cells grow exponentially, producing a delayed peak of DNA synthesis, while cells which divide only two or three times are scarce or absent. No difference in the minimal cell cycle length of the normal and the CLL exponentially growing population was found. In addition, a cell population recruited into cycle for the first time 5-6 days following PHA stimulation was observed in normal cultures but not in CLL cultures. PMID- 7296630 TI - Localization of VIP-immunoreactive nerves in airways and pulmonary vessels of dogs, cat, and human subjects. AB - VIP-containing neurons were localized in lungs from dogs, cat, and human subjects by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Nerve fibers and terminals were observed in the smooth muscle layer and glands of airways, and within the walls of pulmonary and bronchial vessels, especially at the medial-adventitial junction. VIP-positive nerve cell bodies were identified in ganglia located in the walls of bronchi. These findings provide an anatomic basis for the possible modulation of airway and pulmonary vascular function by this neuropeptide. PMID- 7296631 TI - Monosodium glutamate-induced lesions in the rat cingulate cortex. AB - The brains of neonate albino rats were examined with the light and electron microscope following subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG). In addition to lesions in areas known to be vulnerable to glutamate, such as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, distinct areas of necrotic tissue were detected in the granular portion of the retrosplenial cingulate cortex. The affected cells display the cytological features characteristic of MSG-lesioned brain tissue, including vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum and clumping of chromatin. Numerous pyknotic nuclei can be detected as early as 3 h following treatment. The possible causes of the lesion, particularly the role that may be played by astrocytes, are discussed. PMID- 7296632 TI - In vitro spermatogenesis in Drosophila. I. Development of isolated spermatocyte cysts from wild-type D. hydei. AB - In vitro spermatogenesis of isolated single spermatocyte cysts of Drosophila hydei was studied by microscopic observations and time-lapse cinematography. Cysts of spermatocytes isolated during diplotene develop as far as the coiling stage of spermatid differentiation. The existence of an interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II is, for the first time, documented. Meiosis, Nebenkern formation, and elongation of spermatids occur just as in D. melanogaster; however, an individualization cone, as described for D. melanogaster, can not be detected. PMID- 7296633 TI - Full-term and prematurely ruptured fetal membranes. An ultrastructural study. AB - The layers of the human amnion and chorion were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Comparisons among different anatomical sites with respect to full-term and prematurely ruptured membranes indicate that (a) the thickness of the membranes is reduced near the rupture point; (b) intercellular canals near the implantation site become dilated and branched; (c) the trophoblast layer of full-term membranes is thinner and with more degenerating cells; and (d) the fibroblast and spongy layers have fewer collagenous fibers and less organization near the rupture site. These findings suggest that, although cellular activity is maintained in prematurely ruptured membranes, the mainly collagenous extracellular matrix undergoes marked disorientation. If this occurs too early in gestation, it may lead to premature rupture. PMID- 7296634 TI - Ultrastructural study of the sinus gland of the crab, Cardisoma carnifex. AB - The sinus gland of Cardisoma carnifex was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. This neurohemal organ is composed primarily of enlarged, branching axon terminals with numerous finger-like projections, which act as storage and release sites for neurohormones that are assumed to be contained in membrane-bound, electron-dense neurosecretory granules. Also present in the sinus gland are glial cells with cytoplasmic processes which form elaborate wrappings around neurosecretory terminals, and an acellular fibrillar lining of the branching blood sinus. Six types of neurosecretory terminals are identified on the basis of granule size, granule density, and density of the axoplasmic matrix. Images supporting the abutting the blood sinus lining are found. Large multilamellate bodies appear in terminals depleted of neurosecretory granules and may be involved in the recycling of granule membrane. PMID- 7296635 TI - Morphologic development of neonatal rat pinealocytes in monolayer culture. AB - The morphological development of pinealocytes maintained in monolayer culture, without the neural and humoral effects present in the developing rat has been studied and compared with the development that occurs in vivo. Pinealocytes in 5 day cultures contained organelles that were similar to those present in the pineals of intact 5 day old rats. However, light and dark cells were not noted in culture, and the cultured cells did not have the dense granules noted in vivo. As pinealocytes developed in culture, cytoplasmic processes increased in length and number. By 21 days of culture age, synaptic ribbons were found to have decreased in number, the difference between light cell and dark cell cytoplasm had become more prominent, and dense-cored vesicles had become more numerous, just as in the developing gland in vivo. These results suggest that the complex neural and humoral factors impinging upon the developing neonatal pineal in the intact animal may not be necessary for some aspects of its ultrastructural differentiation. PMID- 7296636 TI - The giant neurone system in Ophiuroids. II. The hyponeural motor tracts. PMID- 7296637 TI - Ultrastructural study of Kupffer cells in teleost liver under normal and experimental conditions. AB - The Kupffer cells in the liver of the teleost fish, Pimelodus maculatus, are attached by desmosomes to the endothelial cells lining the sinusoids. These provide a strong attachment allowing them to resist the passage of blood. Following perfusion with India ink, both endothelial and Kupffer cells ingest India ink particles by pinocytosis and micropinocytosis. It is suggested that both cell types may represent two different functional states of the same cell. PMID- 7296638 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic radioautographic study of glycoprotein secretion in the granular duct of the submandibular gland of the male mouse. PMID- 7296639 TI - Intracellular polymerized haemocyanin in the branchial gland of a cephalopod. AB - Polymerized haemocyanin molecules have been identified as rings, about 25nm in diameter, forming linear arrays within cytoplasmic vesicles, close to the nucleus. They were observed by transmission electron microscopy in the polygonal cells of the branchial gland of Eledone moschata Lamarck. These observations confirm previous data suggesting that haemocyanin is synthetized in the branchial gland cells of Octopoda. PMID- 7296640 TI - Intranuclear rodlets in a pulmonary neuroepithelial body of a rabbit. AB - Filamentous intranuclear rodlets were found in a majority of cells in a bronchiolar neuroepithelial body of a rabbit. These rodlets appear to be similar to structures that have been described primarily in neural tissues. They are composed of large bundles of microfibrils made up of smaller subbundles. No close association with any nuclear structure is seen. Although no function can as yet be ascribed to intranuclear rodlets, their demonstration in a neuroepithelial body may be of importance of the understanding of the function of both structures. PMID- 7296642 TI - Release of neurosecretory material by protrusions of bounding membranes extending through the axolemma, in Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda). AB - The release of neurosecretory material was studied in the cestode tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. In plerocercoid larvae cultivated in vitro the neurosecretory vesicles release their content by way of protrusions extending through the axolemma into the intercellular space. The released material is directed predominantly towards the muscles. No omega figures were detected. The significance of this new type of release is discussed. PMID- 7296641 TI - The reorganization of subcellular structure in muscle undergoing fast-to-slow type transformation. A stereological study. AB - Transformation of fast-twitch into slow-twitch skeletal muscle was induced in adult rabbits by chronic low-frequency stimulation and studied at the ultrastructural level. With the use of stereological techniques, a time course was established for changes in mitochondrial volume, sarcotubular system, and Z band thickness for periods of stimulation ranging from 6 h to 24 weeks. T tubules, terminal cisternae, and sarcoplasmic reticulum decreased at an early stage and reached levels typical of slow muscle after only 2 weeks of stimulation. Transformation of Z-band structure took place between 1 1/2 and 3 weeks after the onset of stimulation. Mitochondrial volume increased several fold over the first 3 weeks of stimulation, and fell rapidly after 7 weeks, although it still remained above the levels typical of slow muscle. Although there was no sign of degradation and regeneration of the muscle fibers themselves, considerable structural reorganization was evident at the subcellular level after 1 week of stimulation. The fibers passed through a less well organized transitional stage in which fibers could not be assigned to a normal ultrastructural category. After 3 weeks all of the stimulated fibers could be assigned to the normal slow-twitch category although some subcellular irregularities persisted even after 24 weeks. The ultrastructural alterations are discussed in relation to functional and biochemical changes in the whole muscle. PMID- 7296643 TI - Tracheal submucosal gland serous cells stimulated in vitro with adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. A morphometric study. AB - A morphometric analysis was made of alterations in serous cell structure induced by adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. Ferret tracheal rings were exposed for 30 min in vitro to one of the following agonists: phenylephrine, terbutaline, or methacholine (all at 10(-5) M). Controls were incubated similarly in medium containing no drugs or medium containing both the agonist and an excess of the appropriate antagonist (phentolamine, propranolol or atropine, all at 10(-4) M). Electron microscopic observation and stereological analysis of the incubated samples revealed that the volume density of serous cell granules in controls (0.30 +/- 0.02, mean +/- SE, n = 4) was significantly reduced by phenylephrine (0.19 +/- 0.03, n = 4) and methacholine (0.17 +/- 0.01, n = 4), but not by terbutaline (0.27 +/- 0.04, n = 4). The presence of antagonists in the medium prevented the observed changes (phenylephrine/phentolamine: 0.29 +/- 0.03, n = 3 and methacholine/atropine: 0.33 +/- 0.06, n = 3). In addition, the volume density of intracellular vacuoles in controls (0.02 +/- 0.05, n = 4) was increased in response to methacholine stimulation (0.12 +/- 0.05, n = 4), but not in response to the other agonists. This effect was blocked by atropine (0.01 +/- 0.00, n = 3). We conclude that serous-cell granules are discharged by both alpha-adrenergic and cholinergic, but not beta-adrenergic stimulation. In addition, cholinergic stimulation evokes the formation of intracellular vacuoles, a possible indication of active ion and water transport. PMID- 7296644 TI - Effect of aging on the morphology and function of the thyroid gland of the cream hamster. Further evidence for two different mechanisms of hormone secretion. AB - The effect of aging on the morphology and function of the thyroid gland of the cream hamster was studied by light and electron microscopy coupled with autoradiography or histochemistry. Morphologically, aging induces an accumulation of lysosomal dense bodies and a loss of the phagocytosis of colloid droplets after stimulation with TSH. Iodine uptake and organification occur normally and thyroglobulin synthesis, estimated by autoradiography with 3H-leucine, is not different from that observed in young animals. The basal T4 and T3 plasma levels are lower in the old animals. A low iodine diet administered for several months prevents the age related accumulation of lysosomal dense bodies. Hormone secretion seems to proceed by two different mechanisms; phagocytosis of colloid droplets, the classical mechanism that decreases with age, and an additional mechanism, probably micropinocytosis, that is maintained during the whole lifespan. PMID- 7296645 TI - Morphological differentiation of an embryonic epithelium in culture. AB - This communication reports the results of a morphological study of three-day old cultures of epiblast tissue from the early chick embryo. The most striking feature of these cultures was the appearance of "domes" or elevated blister-like structures, composed of a single layer of cells which were morphologically distinct from the remaining cells in the culture. The domes arose in high-density areas of the culture. Their roofs were lined by basal laminae that did not develop in other areas of the culture. In several morphological respects, the cells of the dome roof closely resembled the epiblast in vivo. This was in contrast to the cells spread on the substratum in sparse regions of the culture, which did not. Each dome was surrounded by a dense ring of multilayered ruffling cells which appeared to give rise to both the dome roof and to fibroblast-like cells that spread on the substratum beneath the dome. Fibroblast-like cells also developed in discrete patches in other regions of the culture. In other tissues, dome formation has been attributed to fluid transport by the epithelium; in the present case it is also possible to invoke the capacity of the epiblast to fold, as contributing to the mechanism of dome formation. PMID- 7296648 TI - Freeze-fracture study on the whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the exocrine pancreatic cells of the Japanese newt and African clawed toad. AB - The whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) in the exocrine pancreatic cells of starved newts and clawed toads were examined by a freeze-fracture technique. The whorl appeared to be roughly ovoidal in shape and composed of tightly packed, narrow cisternae arranged like the layers of an onion. The clusters of interdigitating projections of the cisternal membranes were located at several places on the whorl. Some of these projections extended to the vesicular rER around the whorl. The fenestra-like, raised or hollowed craters were seldom seen on the fractured membrane faces of the whorls in the exocrine pancreatic cells of the starved newts. PMID- 7296647 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity in axon terminals of ovulation-hormone producing neuroendocrine cells of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). AB - Adenylate cyclase activity was demonstrated ultracytochemically in the neurohaemal area of the ovulation-neurohormone producing Caudo-Dorsal Cells (CDC) of the freshwater snail L. stagnalis. During electrical activity the axon terminals of the CDC release the hormone by exocytosis and show high adenylate cyclase activity on their plasma membranes. Electrically inactive terminals hardly show exocytosis and exhibit only little reaction product of adenylate cyclase. This result indicates that cAMP plays a role in the control of release of the CDC hormone. PMID- 7296646 TI - Morphological changes in cultured myotubes treated with agents that interfere with lysosomal function. AB - Treatment of cultured muscle cells with the inhibitors of lysosomal function, leupeptin, and chloroquine, decrease the degradation of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and causes accumulation of undegraded receptors intracellularly. Under these conditions the number of cytoplasmic coated vesicles, i.e. structures that appear to transport this receptor within the cultured muscle cell, increases in parallel. This study investigates the effects of leupeptin and chloroquine on the morphology of cultured myotubes in order to learn more about the turnover of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors and the origin of the coated vesicles. Chloroquine causes involution of the plasma membrane, disorganization in the arrangement of sarcomeres, vacuolization, and enlargement of dense lysosome-like bodies in myotubes. The diameter of dense bodies in untreated myotubes is 0.36 +/- 0.01 micrometer (mean +/- SEM) compared with 2 +/- 0.12 micrometer after 48 h of incubation with chloroquine. Leupeptin does not disrupt the normal architecture of sarcomeres and does not cause vacuolization of the myotubes. However, leupeptin does enlarge the dense bodies, although to a lesser extent than chloroquine (average diameter after 48 h treatment, 1.0 +/- 0.06 micrometer, p less than 0.01). Untreated myotubes appear to contain equal numbers of large and small coated vesicles. After chloroquine treatment 95% of coated vesicles are large (80-120 nm in diameter), whereas after leupeptin treatment the majority of coated vesicles are small (40-70 nm in diameter). After incubation with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 62% +/- 9 of coated vesicles in chloroquine-treated cells contain the tracer, whereas in control cells only 11% +/- 4 of coated vesicles contain HRP reaction product. These observations indicate that chloroquine causes accumulation of coated vesicles and interferes with degradation of AChR by preventing fusion of lysosomes with coated vesicles originating by endocytosis. PMID- 7296649 TI - An ultrastructural study of primary cilia, abnormal cilia and ciliary knobs from the ciliated cells of the guinea-pig trachea. AB - Single primary cilia are found in developing as well as mature ciliated cells of guinea-pig tracheal epithelium. A few biciliated cells were observed, and in a rare case one cell had developed four such processes. Primary cilia are characterized by a 9 + 0 microtubular arrangement near the base, while a transition to an 8 + 1 pattern occurs at a slightly more distal position. Spokes are lacking, and dynein arms are absent or incompletely developed. The function, if any, of primary cilia remains unknown. In the population of the motile 9 + 2 cilia atypical forms are very rare, i.e. less than 0.1%. Of the various abnormalities cilia with supernumary microtubules are most common. Only one atypical basal body was observed. Although some of the aberrant forms undoubtedly are non-motile, their very low number suggests that they have no practical influence on the muco-ciliary clearance. Local extrusions of the ciliary membrane, here named ciliary knobs, are believed to be fixation artefacts. It is suggested that they represent circumscribed regions of the ciliary membrane which are sensitive to changes in the environmental osmotic pressure. PMID- 7296650 TI - Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the swim bladder of the physoclistous fish, Opsanus tau L. AB - The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were measured in the rete mirabile and gas gland epithelium area of the swim bladder of the toadfish Opsanus tau. When the concentration of enzyme in the swim bladder was compared with the concentration in other organs (kidney, heart, gills) of the same fish, the swim bladder was found to have the highest concentration of superoxide dismutase but relatively low levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Cytochemical assay for the peroxidatic activity of catalase confirmed that virtually no catalase is present in epithelial cells of the gas gland. A similar assay for peroxidase revealed a cyanide-sensitive peroxidase in the multilamellar bodies of these cells. Most of the catalase and peroxidase in the rete mirabile appears to be confined to the granules of neutrophils and the cytoplasm of erythrocytes. Enzyme activity in the neutrophils is not inhibited by 10(-1) M KCN. Cyanide does not appear to inhibit the peroxidase activity in erythrocytes but has little effect on catalase in these cells. PMID- 7296652 TI - Localization of 3H-estradiol in the uterus of pregnant and non-pregnant armadillos. AB - The uptake and retention of radiolabeled estradiol by the uterus was examined in the armadillo. One pregnant and two non-pregnant armadillos were treated with 1.4 micrograms/kg body weight of 3H-estradiol (E2) by injection into the left ventricle, and one non-pregnant animal was injected with both the labeled hormone and 140 micrograms/kg body weight of unlabeled E2. One and a half hour after injection, the animals were sacrificed and the uteri were removed and processed for autoradiography. In the non-pregnant animals, nuclear localization was observed in the interstitial cells and glandular epithelium of the endometrium and the connective tissue cells and smooth muscle of the myometrium. Additionally, there was a gradation of uptake in the epithelial cells of the endometrium in that the glandular cells of the basal region were heavily labeled, while those cells in the sinusoidal, and luminal regions contained successively less label. The luminal cells were poorly labeled. In the pregnant female, the smooth muscle and glandular cells hypertrophied and their nuclei contained less label than was observed in the non-pregnant animals. The arteries of the myometrium were more easily distinguished in the pregnant animals and the nuclei of the endothelial cells and smooth muscle were more consistently labeled than those of the non-pregnant armadillos.U PMID- 7296651 TI - A comparative study of the distribution of carotid body type-I cells and periadventitial type-I cells in the carotid bifurcation regions of the rabbit, rat, guinea-pig and mouse. AB - The bilateral distribution of carotid body type-I cells was investigated in five rabbits, rats, guinea-pigs and mice by serially sectioning the carotid bifurcation regions. Carotid body type-I cells occurred bilaterally in close proximity to the wall of the internal carotid artery in the rabbit, rat and mouse and to the wall of the ascending pharyngeal artery in the guinea-pig. The rat carotid body was sometimes recessed into the lateral aspect of the superior cervical ganglion and was the most easily defined organ in the four animals studied. Caudally, and separate from the principal mass of carotid body type I cells, isolated groups of periadventitial type-I cells were observed in the connective tissues around the internal carotid artery and adjacent to the carotid bifurcation and common carotid artery in the rabbits only. An overall picture of the carotid body in the four animals was constructed. In all specimens rostral caudal dimensions were recorded and compared bilaterally. PMID- 7296653 TI - Cytological effects of urecholine stimulation on the rat pancreas. AB - Stimulation of the exocrine pancreas by the secretagogue urecholine caused degranulation of the acinar cells. Under in vivo conditions, this degranulation is not uniform throughout the tissue. Indeed some of the acini are almost completely depleted of their granules while others display the appearance of resting acini. A noticeable feature is that all the cells of the same acinus display a comparable degree of degranulation. Moreover, groups of neighbouring acini seem to respond simultaneously suggesting that the secretory stimulus is propagated from one acinus to the other. In vitro stimulation of dispersed acini also showed that some of the acini are more responsive than others indication that this phenomenon can not be attributed to accessibility of the secretagogue to its receptor. These observations lead us to accessibility of the secretagogue to its receptor. These observations lead us to the concept that the response of the pancreatic acinar cell is controlled at the level of the acinus. PMID- 7296654 TI - Subsurface tubular system in the outer sensory cells of the rat cochlea. AB - The system of subsurface tubules in the outer sensory cells of the rat cochlea consists of tubules lying immediately beneath the cell membrane. The tubules extend from the region below the cuticular plate, follow without interruption along the contours of the cell membrane, and terminate as a complicated, branched system under the nucleus. Several mitochondria are found on the cytoplasmic side of the tubules. Microtubules are observed in the space between the subsurface tubules and the mitochondria, in contact with the membranes of the subsurface system and, rarely, in contact with small, stalked vesicles. Current theories on the role of the subsurface system are discussed and a new one, considering possible involvement of the system in transport of the synaptic transmitter, is proposed. PMID- 7296655 TI - Sensory cells in the head skin of pond snails. Fine structure of sensory endings. AB - Several types of receptor endings were identified with scanning electron microscopy and silver-impregnation techniques in the skin of the tentacles, lips, dorsal surface of the head and mouth region of the pond snails Lymnaea stagnalis and Vivipara viviparus. Sensory endings at the tips of dendrites of primary receptor neurones, scattered below the epithelium, differ in structure, i.e., the endings exposed to the surface of the skin possess different proportions of cilia and microvilli, which vary in number, length, and packing. Type-I endings have microvilli and a few (1-5) cilia, 5-12 micrometers in length. Type-2 endings have abundant (20-40), interwoven long (9-12 micrometers) cilia and random microvilli. Type-3 endings show typical packing of 10-25 cilia in the form of bundles or brushes. They may be composed either of long (9-18 micrometers) or short (2-7 micrometers) cilia, or of both long and short ones. Microvilli here are absent. Type-4 endings have only microville. Two other types of skin receptors do not extend their sensory endings to the surface and can be identified only in silver stained preparations. Type-5 endings are branching dendrites of skin receptors cells that terminate among epithelial cells. In type-6, the sensory endings also terminate among epithelial cells but thier cell bodies are located outside of the skin. In both species all skin regions examined possess the receptors of all six types differing only in their relative proportion. Possible functional roles of different receptors are discussed. PMID- 7296656 TI - Effects of small doses of colchicine on the components of the hypothalamo neurohypophysial system of the rat. AB - Small doses (3.5 micrograms and 7 micrograms) of colchicine injected intracisternally caused an interruption of transport of secretory material from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus to the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. Transport was assessed by direct measurement of the incorporation of [35S] cysteine into neurophysins, by radioimmunoassay of accumulated material in discrete areas of the system and by immunocytochemistry. The larger dose (7 micrograms) switched off transport completely during the first 24h but the system began to recover within three to four days. Colchicine had little, if any, effect on synthesis; comparison of the relationships of the apparent amounts of immunoreactive neurophysins and immunoreactive hormones in the arrested product led to the conclusion that processing of the hormone precursors continues within secretory granules which accumulated in the perikarya. PMID- 7296657 TI - A morphological and electron-microprobe study of the inorganic composition of the mineralized secretory products of the calciferous gland and chloragogenous. AB - The two pairs of lobes of the calciferous gland if the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris are specialized oesophageal diverticulae that secrete spherites ranging from 0.5 - 7.0 micrometers in diameter. Correlative transmission and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the spherites (which are predominantly CaCO3) are formed extracellularly in distinctive bays bounded by secretory-cell processes, and are mobilized anteriorly from the gland lumina to the lumen of a non-secretory pouch, where the majority coalesce and undergo phase transformation to concretions 0.5 - 1.0 mm in diameter consisting of a mass of cuboidal crystals with facets up to 40 micrometers. The distribution of Sr(0.1 ml 5% SrCl2 injected into the posterior coelomic cavity) was monitored in the mineralized secretory products of the calciferous glands by X-ray microanalysis of 10 micrometers - thick air-dried cryostat sections in a SEM. Strontium was not detected in chloragosomes at 2h and 24h post-injection. Strontium was transported anteriorly and specifically incorporated into gland spherites (detectable within 2h). This technique of Sr localization afforded sufficient structural and analytical resolutions to provide a confirmation of the sequence of extracellular changes in the gland/pouch system. In addition we were able to distinguish a population of growing spherites from the vast majority of mature spherites; size alone was a singularly poor indication of spherite growth. The major element constituents of the chloragosomes were P, Ca and Zn (Ca: P ranging from 0.4 to 1.0; Zn: P from about 0.05 to 0.45). Analysis of individual spherites showed that Ca was probably bound to P or P-containing matrix components, whilst Zn was probably linked to one or more different but unknown constituents. PMID- 7296658 TI - Ultrastructure of splenic white pulp of the turtle, Mauremys caspica. AB - The ultrastructure of splenic tissue of non-immunized turtles, Mauremys cas[pica, shows two areas, namely, the white pulp which is lymphoid in nature, and the red pulp which is formed by cell cords and sinusoids, Between both areas there is always a marginal zone with gaps through which cells leak. In the white pulp, there are two blood vessel types; one with muscled walls, and the other showing thinner walls sheathed by reticular cells, Reticular cells constitute a network where there occur dendritic macrophages, lymphoblasts and small and medium lymphocytes. Mature plasma cells are scare in the white pulp. PMID- 7296659 TI - Autoradiographic localization of 3H-GABA uptake in the thyroid gland of the rat. AB - The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the thyroid gland of the rat was studied autoradiographically following in vitro incubation. High-affinity GABA uptake was localized in follicle cells, whereas C cells (parafollicular cells) in general did not accumulate GABA by high-affinity transport. The follicle cells were also the main sites of low-affinity GABA uptake. Additionally, some nerve fibres were found to accumulate GABA. The predominant localization of GABA uptake in follicle cells is discussed in view of a presumed role of GABA in thyroid function. PMID- 7296660 TI - A comparative scanning electron-microscopical study of endoneurial collagen around normal mouse nerve fibres, nerve fibres following crush injury and nerve fibres of the dystonic mouse mutant (dt/dt). AB - The endoneurial collagen sheath around teased nerve fibres following crush injury was studied by scanning electron microscopy and compared with uninjured sciatic nerve fibres and with fibres from the dystonic mutant mouse. Following crush injury the endoneurial collagen became more abundant than seen in untreated nerve fibres and formed large, seperate and longitudinally oriented bundles. However, by four weeks post injury the sheath regained a normal external appearance. Mutant nerve fibres were also associated with more than the usual amount of collagen, but the sheaths were more disorganised, with a marked disorientation and irregular aggregation of collagen, and these abnormalities were not confined to obviously degenerating or demyelinated regions of the fibres. The dystonic abnormalities of the endoneurial sheath may be important in the mechanism of the neuropathy. PMID- 7296661 TI - Effect of informed consent and educational background on patient knowledge, anxiety, and subjective responses to cardiac catheterization. AB - Thirty-four patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization were followed linearly with three questionnaires during their hospitalization to study some of the effects of informed consent. Patients learn about catheterization from the informed consent session conducted by a cardiology fellow. Several areas of knowledge deficiency were found. The emotional experience of hospitalization and the amount of knowledge about catheterization determined at the end of hospital stay is shown to be dependent on the educational level of the patient. Several recommendations are made for the conduct of the informed consent sessions to improve the knowledge of the less educated. PMID- 7296662 TI - Assessment of left ventricular function in patients with isolated severe disease of the left anterior descending artery: clinical, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic correlations. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the spectrum of left ventriculographic (LV) abnormalities in 60 patients with isolated Greater Than or Equal To 90% diameter narrowing of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The patients were divided into three groups: Group I (26 patients) had normal left ventricular (LV) function with ejection fraction (EF) of Greater Than 60% and no akinetic dyskinetic segment representing abnormal contracting segments (ACS) of the left ventricular wall; Group II (15 patients) had mild to moderate LV dysfunction with EF of 40-60% and an akinetic-dyskinetic segment of Less Than 30% of the end diastolic perimeter (0-30%; mean, 11.6%) and Group III (19 patients) had severe LV dysfunction with EF Less Than 40%, or an akinetic-dyskinetic segment of Greater Than or Equal To 30% (30-81%; mean, 41.5%) or both. The data obtained from the history, physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest x-ray studies, hemodynamic studies, left ventriculography, and coronary arteriography were entered and filed on a memory disc in an IBM 370-168 computer. Analysis of the results showed: 1) more severe LV dysfunction is associated with increased incidence of large hearts, gallops, decreased cardiac output, and occlusion of the LAD. 2) ECG evidence of infarction is also associated with higher incidence of the abnormalities of the indices of LV dysfunction. 3) LAD occlusion (versus stenosis) has a higher incidence of severe LV dysfunction and prior infarction. 4) The site of LAD disease did not predict the extent of left ventricular dysfunction. 5) Collaterals did not protect against severe LV dysfunction. PMID- 7296663 TI - Peak left ventricular pressure/volume (Emax) during exercise in control subjects and children with left-sided cardiac disease. AB - The peak ratio of left ventricular systolic pressure/systolic volume (PV) has been shown to be a close approximation to Emax, an index of contractility independent of both preload and afterload. We studied 17 children with left-sided cardiac disease during catheterization by a combined high-fidelity catheter and m mode echocardiographic technique. Emax, indexed for body surface area, was calculated at rest and during supine exercise at 25% and 50% of maximal upright workload. In addition, we studied 15 control subjects with a noninvasive approximation of peak P/V, the peak systolic LV pressure/smallest systolic LV volume. Patients with left ventricular pressure overload showed an increased Emax value at rest and a further increase with exercise. Patients with left ventricular volume overload or cardiomyopathy had a normal value of Emax at rest and had only small increases with exercise. Patients with both volume and pressure overload had a resting Emax value that was increased, but no further increase occurred with exercise. Emax in children seems to be a sensitive index of contractility during physiologic stress and can be used to assess left ventricular functional reserve capacity both pre- and post-operatively. PMID- 7296664 TI - Comparison of coronary arteriographic and left ventriculographic findings in patients with single, double, and triple vessel disease and angina pectoris. AB - The distribution and severity of coronary artery disease and degree of left ventricular dysfunction are described in 500 patients with single (103), double (119), and triple (278) vessel disease and angina pectoris. The coronary arterial patterns were divided into right (360), mixed (89), and left (51) systems, depending upon the blood supply to the inferior surface of the left ventricle. The following relationships were noted: 1) Coronary arterial patterns of right, mixed, and left systems do not influence the presence, distribution, or severity of coronary arterial lesions among patients with single, double, and triple vessel disease and angina pectoris. 2) Analysis of the distribution of lesions among patients with single and double vessel disease reveals that the circumflex/obtuse marginal arteries contribute least of the three major coronary arteries to angina pectoris. 3) Lesions of 70-90% reduction in coronary arterial luminal diameter are the most common, and 90-99% lesions are the least common. The latter are least stable among patients with both coronary artery disease and angina pectoris. 4) Quantitatively there is progression of both coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction as one moves from single to double and then to triple vessel disease. However, the pattern of coronary arterial lesions (50-70%, 70-90%, 90-99%, and 100% reduction of luminal diameter) and the pattern of left ventricular dyssynergy (hypokinesis, akinesis, and dyskinesis) are similar among the patients with single, double, and triple vessel disease and angina pectoris. PMID- 7296665 TI - Left atrial volume estimation by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - We examined 12 patients aged six months to 76 years by echocardiography to determine left atrial volume. The results were compared with angiographic left atrial volumes calculated by the biplane Simpson's rule method. Three two dimensional planes were used: precordial long axis, apical two-chamber, and four chamber. Area outlines were traced using a light pen computational system providing single plane area length estimates of left atrial volume. The two apical left atrial outlines were combined, and Simpson's rule method was used to calculate left atrial volume. M-mode echocardiograms performed on these patients were used to estimate left atrial volume. As the results of covariance analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the line of regression in systole and diastole, these data were pooled for subsequent comparison with angiography. The closest correlation with angiography was the biplane Simpson rule method with the echocardiographic left atrial volume (Y) = 1.0, angiographic volume (X) + 6.3 ml, r = 0.86. The single plane area length estimates also correlated well with angiography, but correction factors were required. M-mode estimates of left atrial volume could only correlate to angiography using a power function y = 3.7 X(1.80), r = 0.69. We conclude that left atrial volume can be determined by two-dimensional echocardiography and that this technique is superior to M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 7296666 TI - Acquired coronary-to-bronchial artery communication: a possible cause of coronary steal. AB - An unusual case of an acquired coronary-to-bronchial artery communication is presented. Collateral flow to the lung was provided by the right coronary circulation following obstruction of pulmonary blood flow by chronic pulmonary emboli. A coronary steal phenomenon may have caused an exacerbation of cardiac symptoms by further reducing already compromised coronary blood flow in a patient with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. PMID- 7296668 TI - Influence of recording scale on determination of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. AB - Left ventricular (LV) pressure waveforms for 20 beats, originally recorded at 200 scale (200 torr/10 cm) were rescaled by a computer system to represent the identical beats recorded at 40 scale (40 torr/10 cm). Both the original and the rescaled beats were independently evaluated by eight cardiologists who were unaware of the nature of the manipulated data. For each beat the average left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) identified by the eight cardiologists was higher when analyzed on the 200 scale, with an average difference of 2.8 torr (P Less Than 0.001). This scale-dependence of pressure analysis has implications for the development of automated pressure analysis algorithms and for physician review of computer-determined LVEDP data points. PMID- 7296667 TI - Diastolic segmental coronary artery obliteration in constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 7296669 TI - Cardiac catheterization in infants through a venous cutdown sheath. AB - When percutaneous vascular access for cardiac catheterization of small infants fails, necessitating a cutdown approach, we cannulate the isolated vein (usually the great saphenous vein) with a guidewire, dilator, and sheath with subsequent introduction of the catheter through the indwelling sheath. We have used this technique in sixty-one infants without complications and recommend this modified sheath approach because of the following advantages: ease of introduction of the introducer set and catheter, the ability to change catheters quickly, elimination of distal vascular spasm, reduction of vascular trauma induced by catheter manipulation, prevention of backflow bleeding at the catheter entry site, and possible reduction of catheterization time. PMID- 7296670 TI - Photography of hemodynamic data on the cineangiocardiographic film. PMID- 7296671 TI - The society for cardiac angiography: its purpose, efforts, and goals. PMID- 7296672 TI - Surface analysis of early and late MOPC-3 15-EL tumor cells. PMID- 7296673 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity for cultured autologous melanoma cells. PMID- 7296674 TI - Molecular characterization of the Ly-6.2 antigen. PMID- 7296676 TI - Vitamin E deficiency as hepatic peroxisomal proliferator: electron microscopic evidence. PMID- 7296677 TI - Altered development of the multicellular alga Volvox carteri caused by lectin binding. PMID- 7296678 TI - A role for lactate in the differentiation of cultured sheep thyroid cells. PMID- 7296675 TI - The influence of denervation on DNA content in skeletal muscle fibers. PMID- 7296679 TI - Loss of directional migration after round-cell transformation of malignant ST/A mouse lung cells. PMID- 7296680 TI - Interrelation of motility, shape, and surface architecture in human carcinoma cells. PMID- 7296682 TI - [Development and tasks of the Pharmaceutical Society of East Germany]. PMID- 7296681 TI - [Fulfilling the tasks of pharmaceutical service]. PMID- 7296683 TI - [Measurement and quality control of dosage forms. XIX. Weibull's statistical distribution and its use in the study of mechanical strength of tablets]. PMID- 7296684 TI - [Evaluation of color changes in tablets containing cholinetheophylinate and ornidazole in accelerated tests of stability]. PMID- 7296685 TI - [An adequate number of parallel determinations of the effectiveness of biological preparations. I. Cellulase]. PMID- 7296686 TI - [The Marxist philosophy, natural science and medicine]. PMID- 7296687 TI - [Lymphocyte adherence]. PMID- 7296688 TI - [Experimental model of focal myocardial ischemia in the conscious dog]. PMID- 7296690 TI - [Two modifications of trabeculostomy with trabeculocyclostomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296689 TI - [Surgery of glaucoma]. PMID- 7296691 TI - [Antiglaucoma operation according to Vorkas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296692 TI - [Cataract extraction under the microscope]. PMID- 7296693 TI - [Hydrogel keratoprosthesis as a single-stage operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296694 TI - [Microsurgical instruments (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296696 TI - [Emmetropic eye in an ultrasonographic investigation. III. Intraocular dimensions of the emmetropic eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296695 TI - [Initial experience with silicon orbital implants after enucleation of the eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296697 TI - Hepatotoxicity of the anti-juvenile hormone precocene II and the generation of dihydrodiol metabolites. PMID- 7296698 TI - Effects of thiol agents on the accumulation of cadmium by rat liver parenchymal and Kupffer cells. AB - The rate of Cd accumulation by adult rat liver parenchymal cells in serum free primary culture in the presence of 100 microM CdCl2 was 10 times greater than that by non-parenchymal Kupffer cells. Addition of the monothiol chelating agents, cysteine and penicillamine, decreased Cd uptake in both cell types, the effect becoming more pronounced as the monothiol concentration was increased from 0.1 to 1.0 mM. These monothiols thus appear to reduce the availability of Cd for transport across the cell membrane. In contrast 1-10 molar excesses of the dithiol agents 2,3-dimercaptopropanol (BAL) or dithiothreitol (DTT) stimulated to variable extents the rate of Cd accumulation 2-10-fold in parenchymal cells and by over 100-fold in Kupffer cells. Supplementation of the media with 3% serum had little effect on the Cd accumulation in the presence of dithiols. Intravenous injection of Cd (0.05 mg/kg DCdCl2) with up to a 10-fold molar excess of cysteine or penicillamine had little effect on the hepatocellular Cd distribution. However Cd uptake by non-parenchymal cells was increased markedly by the simultaneous administration of BAL or DTT in 2 or 10 molar excess. Evidence is provided that these results may be partially explained by the endocytosis, particularly in Kupffer cells, of colloidal complexes of Cd which are formed with the dithiols but not the monothiols. These observations demonstrate that the physicochemical form of Cd determines its hepatocellular distribution which may be an important factor in the manifestation of Cd toxicity after thiol treatment. PMID- 7296699 TI - Effect of manganese and copper interaction on behavior and biogenic amines in rats fed a 10% casein diet. AB - Manganese chloride (1 mg manganese/ml drinking water) and copper sulphate (250 mg copper/kg diet) were administered daily for 30 days to growing rats maintained on a 10% casein diet. Manganese in combination with copper produced impairment in the learning ability and memory of rats in either dietary group, with greater alterations in those receiving a 10% casein diet. Hyperactivation due to the combined effects of the metal ions was identical in both dietary groups. The behavioral aberrations were associated with a marked accumulation of Cu in the brain of rats receiving the 10% casein diet. Combined exposure of Mn and Cu also produced a greater elevation in the levels of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) and a depression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain of animals fed with a 10% casein diet compared to the animals receiving the 21% casein diet. Thus the animals receiving the 10% casein diet appear to be more vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of a combined exposure to manganese and copper. However rats maintained on the 21% casein diet and receiving both manganese and copper showed almost identical changes to those observed after manganese administration alone. PMID- 7296700 TI - Radiomimetic property of furazolidone and the caffeine enhancement of its lethal action on the vibrios. AB - Sensitivities of the strains belonging to four vibrio biotypes to the action of furazolidone were investigated. Vibrio cholerae (classical) was most and Vibrio parahaemolyticus least sensitive to this drug. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between any two of the four types of vibrio in respect of their sensitivity to furazolidone. The drug was radiomimetic in action, the doses of UV light (DUV) and furazolidone (Df) required for 10% survival of the vibrios being correlated by the equation, Df = 0.28 exp. (0.008 DUV). Caffeine exhibited lethal synergism with furazolidone and the synergistic effect depended on the mode of caffeine treatment, the effect being maximum when caffeine was present along with and also after furazolidone treatment. UV spectrophotometric study revealed that caffeine did not bind with native DNA but did so with denatured DNA resulting in a bathochromic shift and a quenching of the caffeine absorption maximum at 209.4 nm. The binding isotherm (Scatchard plot) indicated the presence of a heterogeneity in the binding sites and that the parameters for the strongest mode of bonding were n = 0.254 and k = 7.5 X 10(5) M-1. PMID- 7296701 TI - Metabolism of haloforms to carbon monoxide. IV. studies on the reaction mechanism in vivo. AB - In vivo studies have been carried out in order to understand more fully the mechanism of haloform oxidation to carbon monoxide. A deuterium isotope effect on carbon monoxide production from chloroform was observed in both control and phenobarbital-treated rats. Diethyl maleate treatment decreased blood carbon monoxide concentrations produced from bromoform and chloroform and attenuated the effect of deuterium substitution on the metabolism of both compounds to carbon monoxide. Cysteine also decreased blood carbon monoxide concentrations seen after giving chloroform. A reaction mechanism similar to that proposed on the basis of in vitro data, which included a central role for dihalocarbonyl compounds in the formation of 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, is suggested for the in vivo metabolism of haloforms to carbon monoxide. These data indicate that carbon monoxide production may be a detoxification pathway for haloforms and that both the inhibition of carbon monoxide production from haloforms and the potentiation of haloform-hepatotoxicity by diethyl maleate are due to the depletion of glutathione. PMID- 7296702 TI - Studies on antitumor-active 2, 3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. III Synthesis and structure-antitumor activity relationship of 1-(4-aminobenzyl)-2, 3 dioxopiperazine derivatives. PMID- 7296703 TI - Studies on immunological assay of urinary estrogens. III. A new latex agglutination inhibition reaction method. PMID- 7296704 TI - Studies on LM protein appearing in submandibular glands of isoproterenol-treated rats. I. Purification and characteristics of its appearance. PMID- 7296706 TI - Distribution of butylated hydroxyanisole and its conjugates in the tissues of rats. PMID- 7296705 TI - Studies on LM protein appearing in submandibular glands of isoproterenol-treated rats. II. Physicochemical properties. PMID- 7296707 TI - Factors influencing the autoxidation of hemoglobin A. PMID- 7296708 TI - Studies on the absorption of practically water-insoluble drugs following injection. IV. An approach for predicting relative intramuscular absorption rates of a drug in oily solution, aqueous suspension and aqueous surfactant solution in rats. PMID- 7296711 TI - Influence of osmotic pressure and viscosity on intestinal drug absorption. II Quinine concentration profile in plasma after oral administration of various quinine solutions to rats. PMID- 7296710 TI - A model independent approach to describe the blood disappearance profile of intravenously administered drugs. PMID- 7296709 TI - Drug-carrier property of albumin microspheres in chemotherapy. V. Antitumor effect of microsphere-entrapped adriamycin on liver metastasis of AH 7974 cells in rats. PMID- 7296712 TI - A potent mutagen isolated from a pyrolysate of L-ornithine. PMID- 7296713 TI - Quantitative analysis of clebopride and its metabolites in rat blood by acid decomposition. PMID- 7296714 TI - Oxidative dealkylation of tertiary amines by iron(III) porphyrin-iodosoxylene system as a model of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7296715 TI - Studies on antitumor-active 2, 3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. IV. 1) Synthesis and structure-antitumor activity relationship of 1-[4-(2-pyridylamino) benzyl]-2, 3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. PMID- 7296716 TI - Chemical synthesis and adjuvant activity of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine (MDP) analogs 1, 2. PMID- 7296717 TI - Fluorimetric assay for catechol-O-methyltransferase. PMID- 7296718 TI - Exit characteristics of 14C-labeled leucine from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 7296720 TI - Purification and properties of hog kidney mutarotase. PMID- 7296719 TI - Interaction of hemoglobin A with sesamol and polyphenolics. PMID- 7296721 TI - Influence of vehicle composition on the penetration of indomethacin through guinea-pig skin. PMID- 7296722 TI - Stability of Nifedipine-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. PMID- 7296723 TI - Metabolic studies of aminopyrine in rat and man by using stable isotope tracer techniques. PMID- 7296724 TI - Mutagenicity of amide type and carbamate type diazoalkane-generating agents in Salmonella/microsome assay. PMID- 7296725 TI - The active site and the phospholipid activation of rat liver lysosomal lipase are not stereospecific. AB - The stereochemical specificity of lysosomal lipase of rat liver was investigated using enantiomeric triacylglycerol analogs, sn-1-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol and sn 3-alkyl-1,2-diacylglycerol as substrates. Lysosomal lipase utilized both substrates with equal rates. The dependence of the activity of lysosomal lipase on the stereoconfiguration of activating acidic phospholipid was also studied. Our results showed that both sn-3-phospholipids (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine) and sn-1-phospholipids (bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP)) were efficient activators of this enzyme and thus the stereochemical configuration of the activating phospholipid is not important. Accordingly, the rat liver lysosomal lipase lacks stereospecificity with respect to both the triacylglycerol substrate and the acidic phospholipid activator. PMID- 7296726 TI - Comparative action of lysophospholipases on acyl-oxyester and acyl-thioester substrates in micellar and membrane-bound form. AB - Phospholipid analogs in which the acyl-oxyester bond is replaced by an acyl thioester bond represent convenient substrates for sensitive assays of lipolytic enzymes. It has previously been found that such thioester substrates are hydrolyzed at higher rates than their oxyester counterparts. For bovine liver lysophospholipase II the preferential hydrolysis of thioesters appeared to be due to the thioester linkage per se rather than to the formation of preferred interfaces. The preferential hydrolysis of thioesters persisted when thioester and oxyester substrates were presented to the enzyme either as mixed micelles or incorporated in the bilayer of phospholipid vesicles. The transbilayer distribution of thioester and oxyester substrates is sonicated phospholipid vesicles is identical with no apparent indications for transbilayer movement of both substrates. PMID- 7296727 TI - [Salmonella typhi lysotypes in Iraq (1974-1979)]. AB - The distribution of phage-types was studied among 434 strains of S. typhi from Bagdad, Amara and Bassora. Biotypes, colicinogeny, tetrathionate-reductase activity (TTR) and susceptibility to Salmonella phage O.I. were also studied. The most frequent phage-types in Irak were A, D1, E1 alpha, F1, M1, O, T, 46 and two other large groups of strains (I + IV and Vi degraded strains). Only 4.38% of S. typhi were TTR-; the strains of phage-type 53 were TTR+. Colicinogeny was demonstrated in 2.5% of S. typhi (lysotype 40, group I + IV and Vi degrades strains). All strains were lysed by Salmonella phage O.I, with the exception of three strains of phage-type T. Comparisons were made with the S. typhi phage-type in Iran and evidence was found for one regional epidemiological community in respect to the distribution of phage-types. PMID- 7296728 TI - [24 cases of donovanosis in French Guiana]. AB - 24 cases of Donovanosis (Granuloma inguinale) have been observed at the Dermatology Clinic of the Centre Hospitalier of Cayenne (French Guyana) between 1970 and 1980, representing a high rate for a 60,000 population. All the patients were coloured people. The disease is more important in the cutaneous parts of the ano-genital areas, than on the mucous parts. The "carcinoid" aspects of some histopathological exams must be considered with the bacteriological research and the very soft clinical aspects. It is often caused by intrarectal sexual contacts whether homo- or heterosexual. The high rate of Donovanosis within the homosexual population is a good argument for an intestinal localisation of the germ Calymnatobacterium granulomatis. All the cases diagnosed show an individual susceptibility to this disease. A deficit of cellular immunity as found in lepromatous leprosy seems a very attractive hypothesis. The treatment with 4 g of streptomycin by day during 5 days or more is considered as the best actually. PMID- 7296729 TI - [Mycotic cysts. A histopathologic study]. AB - Histopathological study of 18 cases of mycotic cysts (cultures have been made in three cases with isolation of Exophiala gougerotii). In three cases, two from Madagascar and one from Senegal, fungus looked like hyalin in tissues (no essay of cultures). Histologically, the lesions showed the appearance of fluctuant or stellate subcutaneous abscess. The organisms in the tissues exhibit dimorphism: hyphae associated with round forms. In one case, there was a black fungic grain associated with " spores" and hyphae and in one case, a foreign body (plant tissue) with fungic vesicules inside was present in the abscess. PMID- 7296730 TI - [Epidemiological data on amebiasis in New Caledonia]. AB - The present study permits to set up the following conclusions: A) The hygienic level of New-Caledonia and Dependences, concerning both running water feeding and installation of water-closets inside housings, is extremely disparate according to the parishes. On that account, the hygienic level is low on the East Coast of the "Grande-Terre" and in the islands. Most of European inhabitants are found in the district of Noumea whereas Melanesians live in tribes mainly on the East Coast and in the islands. Therefore, there is a real difference of hygienic level between the two main ethnic groups. PMID- 7296731 TI - [Importance of familial contamination in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis]. AB - Referring to the sociological structure of the family in the Bateke ethnic group which most of the inhabitants of Kwamouth (Bandundu region, Zaire) are descendants, the author defines the concept to family contamination in trypanosomiasis induced by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The calculated incidence in the selected population according to the different types of family and vicinity contamination was found to be at least five times higher than the incidence obtained for the global population. To explain this considerable difference, the author suggests the mechanical transmission of the trypanosoma, but feels that cyclic transmission plays a significant role, as the life in close community is characteristic for the inhabitants of this area. PMID- 7296733 TI - [Interactions between intestinal schistosomiasis and tuberculin sensitivity]. PMID- 7296732 TI - [Ecology of a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in the Thies region (Senegal, West Africa). 5. Spontaneous infection and disease reservoir role of various wild rodent species]. AB - The authors describe spontaneous infection of Mastomys erythroleucus and Tatera gambiana by Leishmania strains typed as L. major. They argue the reservoir role to these two species and the one of Arvicanthis niloticus previously found infected. The possible relations between the fluctuations of rodent populations and the incidence of the human disease are then discussed. PMID- 7296735 TI - [pH variations in the midgut of Aedes aegypti in relation to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype H14) crystal intoxication]. AB - After feeding Aedes aegypti larvae with B. thuringiensis var. israelensis crystals the very alkaline pH (greater than or equal to 10) of the anterior midgut remains stable during the first twenty minutes, in spite of important cytological damage. Thereafter, the pH drops to surround the neutrality and the death occurs. These results are discussed according to the knowledge on the action of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis. PMID- 7296734 TI - [Pathology of migrants: paragonimiasis (or pulmonary distomatosis)]. AB - Three cases diagnosed and treated in Hmong Laotian refugees in Thailand are presented; one can expect to see more cases in western countries with the influx of south east Asian refugees. The symptoms are the ones of a chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. The origin of the patients must lead to a suspicion (mainly Laotian Hill tribes). Direct microscopic examination of th sputum reveals easily the eggs of the parasite. Radiologic signs are not specific. The Niclofolan (Bayer) is the ultimate progress in the treatment at a single dose of 2 mg per kilo body weight, its efficiency is much superior to the classic treatments (Emetin, Chloroquin, Bithionol), except in some pleural forms. PMID- 7296736 TI - [Hydatidosis in Provence and Corsica. Epidemiological survey]. PMID- 7296737 TI - [Innocuousness of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Israelensis for the larvae of oysters]. PMID- 7296738 TI - [Mycobacteria in the digestive tract of pink Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus, Pallas)]. AB - Cloacal swabs were taken from 37 young wild Greater Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber roseus, Pallas) in Camargue (South of France). Neither pathogenic strain, nor environmental one were found. The absence of the latter could be attributed to the high NaCl levels of the ecosystems. PMID- 7296739 TI - [Morphology of Blastomyces dermatitidis Gilchrist and Stockes, agent of Gilchrist's disease]. PMID- 7296740 TI - [Praziquantel in the treatment of Far Eastern hepatic distomiasis caused by Clonorchis sinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini]. AB - Forty-six patients infected with Opistorchis viverrini and/or Clonorchis sinensis, 24 males and 22 females, all Laotian or Vietnamese, aged 7 to 68, weighing 18 to 70 kg, were detected by parasitological stool examinations, numeration of Eggs Per Gram of feces (E.P.G.). In this manner we observed 23 light infestations (1-999 E.P.G.), 20 moderate infestations (10,000-29,999 E.P.G.). Before treatment, all these patients were submitted to a complete history and clinical examination with biological controls that totaled up 47 parameters. These controls were repeated daily from the eve of the treatment to 5 days after. The treatment was given orally at the dose of 75 mg/kg of body weight in three doses 4 to 6 hours apart during the same day. The tolerance was excellent in the children who did not have any trouble even minor. The adults had only slight side-effects such as fatigue (18 cases), dizziness (19 cases) and headaches (16 cases). Light or moderate, these troubles spontaneously disappeared after one or at the most two days. Biological controls did not show any significant variation. The therapeutic efficiency appears excellent with 100% cure in 46 patients treated who were controlled daily during the first week, at the 20th and 40th day and for some of them up to seven month after treatment. These results are all the more remarkable since certain patients were severely infected and that of all the far-eastern liver flukes O. viverrini is probable the most resistant to known drugs. Very efficient and very well tolerated, praziquantel offers the advantage of one day treatment in the cure of opistorchiasis and hospitalization is not necessary. PMID- 7296741 TI - [Mebendazole and intestinal nematodiasis in Gabon. Tolerance and efficacy in single and multiple doses]. AB - Mebendazole was given following the classical regimen i. e. a three days course with a single intake per day for patients suffering from intestinal nematodosias in Gabon. Efficiency which is remarkable on this three days basis proved to be insufficient however for ankylostomiasis with a single intake per day. Tolerance is excellent on any therapeutical regimen or with any type of survey considered. PMID- 7296742 TI - [Leukocyte count in French people living in Mali]. AB - The authors studied the leucocytes count of 173 French people living in Mali (West Africa) during 4 years. 8.3% of these subjects presented neutropenia under 1,800/mm3, 12.2% had lymphocytosis over 4,000/mm3 and 11.6% hypereosinophilia over 500/mm3. These abnormalities differ considerably from one year to another in the same subject; their frequency does not depend upon the age, the sex, the duration of the stay in Africa. Eosinophilia is secondary to helminthiasis. Neutropenia and lymphocytosis are probably secondary to unknown evironmental factors. PMID- 7296743 TI - Anaerobic performance in middle and long distance runners. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between blood lactic acid (LA) accumulation, maximum anaerobic power, glycolytic enzyme activity, and skeletal muscle fibre composition in endurance trained runners. Venous LA was measured in 15 male middle distance (MD) and long distance (LD) runners before and after a 30 second all out ergometer ride. Muscle biopsies of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle were obtained prior to exercise for determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and phosphofructokinase (PFK) enzyme activities and histochemical classification of fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) muscle fibres. Significant differences were observed in %FT fibre composition (47.8(MD) and 34.6 (LD), and mean VO2 max values were significantly higher in the LD runners (62.8 (MD) and 68.7 (LD) ml.kg.-1 min.-1). Blood lactate values following maximal treadmill running were significantly higher in the MD group (15.0 mM) when compared with LD runners (11.9 mM). Total anaerobic power output was calculated according to the "Wingate Anaerobic Test" at 51 (MD) and 49 (LD) kpm. kg.-1 min.-1 and mean post-exercise LA values were 8.6 mM (MD) and 8.0 mM (LD). Similar non-significant differences were observed when muscular power was determined via the "Margaria Test" (109.6 (LD) kgm.sec-1). Correlations were determined and the best relationship was between PFK and %FT (R = 0.84). The data suggest that the ergometer test was of insufficient duration, and thus did not result in maximal accumulation of LA and/or metabolically produced LA is removed rapidly in endurance trained muscle. Endurance training in middle and long distance runners fails to produce high value for anaerobic power tests. PMID- 7296744 TI - Effect of interval training and detraining on anaerobic fitness in women. AB - Seventeen female volunteers (x age = 23.9 yr) participated in a 6 week investigation of the effect of high intensity interval training on anaerobic fitness. The subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment (exercise n = 9) or a control (no exercise n = 8) group. The training program consisted of 10 one minute work periods on the bicycle ergometer separated by one minute rest periods. This was done 3 days per week. The training intensity progressed from 110% of the experimental group's initial mean maximal oxygen intake (VO2 max) at week 1 to 15% of same group's initial mean VO2 max week 6. Improvements in the exercise group were significantly in VO2 max (+7.7%), peak post exercise blood lactate (-62.0%), maximum oxygen debt (+19.8%), and time of bicycle ride to exhaustion (+47.5%). The control group did not change significantly on any of the selected parameters. After 2 weeks of detraining oxygen debt decreased significantly to its pretraining value. The retention of increases in post exercise peak blood lactate and time of bicycle ride to exhaustion was 40% and 38% respectively. Twenty-four % of the increase in VO2 max induced by the training regime was retained. PMID- 7296745 TI - [Mechanisms of the control of movement: comparison of the models of closed-loop and open-loop]. PMID- 7296746 TI - Calcaneal epiphysitis in adolescent athletes. AB - Twenty cases of calcaneal epiphysitis are reviewed. Six females and fourteen males presented with the complaint of heel pain which was bilateral in 80% of the cases. All patients were active in running-related sports. The mean age was 11.2 years (9-14) and symptoms had been present, on the average, for 5.5 months. Physical examination placed particular emphasis on the alignment of the leg and foot. Clinically the pain was localized to the insertion of the achilles tendon to the calcaneal epiphysis. Biomechanical evaluation revealed marked genu varus - 6 cases; forefoot varus - 10 cases. Treatment consisted of modified rest and ice massage - all cases; new shoes with medial support and rigid heel counters - 10 cases; heel lifts - 6 cases; soft orthotics - 15 cases; and semiflexible sporthotics - 2 cases. Response to the treatment was generally good with 75% of patients having a reduction in symptoms in 1 month and 95% by 3 months. PMID- 7296748 TI - [Receptor anticipation and perceptual anticipation: presentation of a point]. PMID- 7296747 TI - [Double approach to the study of high jumping: attention demands and biomechanics]. AB - A double approach was used to study high jumping: attention demands and biomechanic. The main goal was to determine if the methodology used to measure the attention demands did interfere with high jumping performance. Two sub-goals were also aimed: (a) to find the main characteristics of the attention demands of high jumping; (b) to find the main kinetic characteristics of high jumping. Two members of the canadian olympic team were tested. Results showed that the methodology using to measure the attention demands did not seem to interfere with subject's performance, the later being evaluated by means of force time variations during the take-off. Results also showed that: a) high jumping seems to require considerable amount of attention even for international caliber high jumpers, and b) there were differences between Straddle and Fosbury Flop techniques as far as kinetic date were concerned. PMID- 7296749 TI - Canadian Association of Sports Sciences position paper on protection from exertional heat injuries. June, 1981. PMID- 7296750 TI - Chemotherapy for the carcinoid syndrome. AB - Patients with carcinoid syndrome usually die from carcinomatosis, rather than the pharmacological effects of the tumour. Functioning carcinoid tumours are resistant to radiotherapy. Twenty-four different cytotoxic drugs or combinations have been used to treat the carcinoid syndrome, but only actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, melphalan, methotrexate, and streptozotocin have been tried as single agents in more than five patients. 5-Fluorouracil and streptozotocin were the most effective single agents, but their use in combination did not increase response rates. No drug combination was superior to single-agent therapy. Adriamycin has not been tested as a single agent, but results with it used in combination suggest it should be further evaluated. Liposome-encapsulated drugs may be tested, because of selective hepatic uptake. PMID- 7296751 TI - Fluorescence assays and pharmacokinetic studies of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin and doxorubicin in organs of mice bearing solid tumors. AB - The pharmacokinetic of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin, a new analog of doxorubicin, was compared with that of its parent compound in mice treated with equal and equiactive doses. The levels of total fluorescence due to the initial drugs and to metabolites were determined in tissue extracts by fluorometry. 4' Deoxydoxorubicin reached the same tissue levels as doxorubicin in all the organs tested except in spleen and lung, where a higher peak was found in the animals treated with the new analog. The rate of elimination of 4'-deoxydoxorubicin from the organs tested was higher than that of doxorubicin. PMID- 7296753 TI - Melphalan estimation by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. Observations on melphalan hydrolysis in vitro and pharmacokinetics in rabbits. AB - A simple and specific quantitative high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) assay for melphalan in plasma is described. This assay was linear over the investigated range of 50--3,000 ng/ml, with a minimum level of detection of 20 ng/ml. Comparison with a high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique yielded similar estimates for melphalan concentrations in human plasma samples. The HPTLC method, unlike the HPLC technique, does not resolve monohydroxymelphalan satisfactorily. The HPTLC method was used to determine the activation energy for in vitro melphalan hydrolysis: this was 14.5 kcal/mole. The pharmacokinetics of melphalan in rabbits were also investigated. The mean t1/2 in four animals was 32.6 +/- 10.3 (S.D.) min and following IV administration to two animals the apparent volumes of distribution were 2.20 and 1.73 l/kg. PMID- 7296752 TI - Cure of advanced L1210 leukemia after correction of abnormal red blood cell deformability. AB - Chemotherapeutic efficacy is inversely related to pretreatment tumor burden. A possible contributory factor in chemotherapy resistance is the occurrence of decreased red blood cell deformability in mice with advanced tumors. Poorly deformable red blood cells may prevent adequate drug delivery to tumor cells. Two methods for improving red cell deformability were found in this study. The first involved treatment of L1210 leukemia-bearing mice with red cell metabolic substrates, including inosine, adenosine, glucose, sodium pyruvate, and ascorbic acid. The combination of inosine plus sodium pyruvate (3 mg of each drug in 0.5 cm3 phosphate-buffered saline) was most effective in restoring deformability to normal. Administration of an active chemotherapeutic agent (BCNU or cyclophosphamide) also improved red cell deformability, with maximal restoration occurring 4--5 days after drug treatment. Standard and 50% of standard drug doses were equally effective in restoring deformability. The optimal therapy program for day 7 L1210 leukemia utilized inosine plus sodium pyruvate given 10--15 min before BCNU 15 mg/kg on day 7 and before BCNU 30 mg/kg on day 12. This treatment yielded 44% cures, whereas BCNU alone, in identical dose and schedule, gave no cures. Median survival was 50 days for the inosine-pyruvate-treated mice, as against 30 days for BCNU alone. Therefore, treatment with non-toxic doses of red blood cell metabolic substrates plus optimal timing of chemotherapy, two maneuvers that significantly increased red blood cell deformability, resulted in significant therapeutic benefit. PMID- 7296754 TI - Experimental in vivo cross-resistance of vinca alkaloid drugs. AB - In human therapy, an absence of cross-resistance has been observed between vincristine and vindesine in patients receiving polychemotherapy whilst, in our experimental in vivo studies, such a cross-resistance has been found between Vinca alkaloids. Further studies are required to explain this discrepancy. PMID- 7296755 TI - In vitro reaction of the carcinogenic derivative N-acetoxy-7-ethyl-N-2 acetylaminofluorene with DNA. A spectroscopic study. AB - In vitro reaction of DNA with N-acetoxy-7-ethyl-N-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO EtAAF is compared to that with N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene. Introduction of an ethyl group at the position 7 of the fluorene ring is found to induce an increase of reactivity of this (model) metabolite of carcinogen N-acetoxy-2 aminofluorene (2-AAF) toward DNA and its constituents. Spectroscopic methods (u.v. absorption and circular dichroism) are used to characterize the DNA reacted with N-AcO-EtAAF (DNA-EtAAF). Our results point out some conformational similarities between native DNA-EtAAF and DNA-AAF such as the presence of destabilized regions around the bound carcinogen and of stacking interactions between these residues and the adjacent nucleotides. Quite important differences seem to exist between adducts or modified sequences in native as compared to denatured DNA (contrary to DNA-AAF and DNA bearing covalently bound-2 aminofluorene. PMID- 7296756 TI - Effects of fluorine substitution on the tumor initiating activity and metabolism of 5-hydroxymethylchrysene, a tumorigenic metabolite of 5-methylchrysene. AB - The tumor initiating activity on mouse skin of 5-hydroxymethylchrysene (5-HOMeC), a major metabolite of the carcinogen, 5-methylchrysene (5-MeC), was investigated. After an initiating dose of 30 microgram, with promotion by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, 5-HOMeC induced skin tumors in 90% of the animals, with 9.5 tumors/mouse, 5-MeC gave a 75% incidence of skin tumors with 6.2 tumors/mouse. The tumorigenic activities after a 10 microgram initiating dose were; 5-HOMeC, 45% skin tumor-bearing animals and 2.6 tumors/-mouse; 5-MeC, 55% skin tumor bearing animals and 5.6 tumors/mouse. In contrast, 6-hydroxy-methylchrysene was inactive. To investigate the mechanism of activation of 5-HOMeC, 3-fluoro-5 hydroxymethylchrysene (3-F-5-HOMeC) and 7-fluoro-5-hydroxymethylchrysene (7-F-5 HOMeC) were prepared and assayed for tumor initiating activity at a dose of 30 microgram. 7-F-5-HOMeC gave 95% tumor-bearing animals and 7.9 tumors/animal whereas 3-F-5-HOMeC gave only 5% tumor-bearing animals and 0.1 s/animal. The inhibition of tumorigenicity by substitution of fluorine at the 3-position, but not the 7-position of 5-HOMeC is strictly analogous to results obtained previously with 5-MeC and suggests a similar mechanism of activation for both compounds. The metabolites formed upon incubation of 5-HOMeC with cofactors and the 9000 x g supernatant from Aroclor pretreated rats were separated by h.p.l.c. The 1,2-dihydrodiol and 7,8-dihydrodiol of 5-HOMeC were identified. The major phenolic metabolite was identified as 1-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethylchrysene. In the in vitro metabolism of 7-F-5-HOMeC under the same conditions, we identified the 1,2-dihydrodiol but not the 7,8-dihydrodiol. In the metabolism of 3-F-5-HOMeC, oxidation in the 1-4 ring was inhibited relative to that observed in the metabolism of 5-HOMeC. These results suggest that 5-HOMeC is activated primarily through formation of its 1,2-dihydrodiol. PMID- 7296757 TI - Inhibitory effect of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane on liver, kidney and bladder carcinogenesis in rats ingesting N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine or N-butyl-N (4-hydroxybutyl) nitros-amine. AB - The effects of 4,4' -diaminodiphenylmethane (DDPM) administration in the "post initiation" stage of liver, kidney and bladder carcinogenesis were examined in male F344 rats. In experiment 1, rats were given drinking water containing 0.1% N ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl-nitrosamine for 2 weeks than diet containing 0.1% DDPM for 32 weeks. In week 3, the right kidney was removed. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly less in rats given DDPM than in controls. DDPM decreased the incidence and average number/cm2 of neoplastic nodules and renal cell tumors of the kidney. In experiment II, rats were given 0.01% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine for 4 weeks and then 0.1% DDPM for 34 weeks kin their drinking water. DDPM inhibited the induction of papillomas in the bladder. These results indicate that DDPM administration in the "post-initiation" stage inhibited liver, kidney and bladder carcinogenesis in rats. PMID- 7296758 TI - The effect of 4-substitution on the carcinogenicity of nitrosopiperidine. AB - Nitrosopiperidine and three derivatives substitute in the 4-position were fed to female F 344 rats in drinking water at equimolar concentration. The substituents were phenyl, cyclohexyl and tertiary-butyl. Like nitroso-piperidine, the t-butyl and phenyl-derivatives induced tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, forestomach and tongue), but the animals given nitroso-piperidine died earlier and after a smaller total dose. The rats given 4 phenylnitrosopiperidine also had a high incidence of tumors of the liver, both hepatocellular carcinomas and angiosarcomas. These tumors were absent from untreated animals of this strain. In contrast, no induced tumors were observed in rats treated with 4-cyclohexylnitrosopiperidine. PMID- 7296759 TI - Tissue-dependent enzyme-mediated repair or removal of O-ethyl pyrimidines and ethyl purines in carcinogen-treated rats. AB - Treatment of perinatal rats with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU) leads predominantly to brain tumors. The DNA in tissues of 10-day-old BD IX rats is alkylated by this ultimate carcinogen at the same sites as is DNA in mammalian cell cultures or DNA in solution. Similar proportions of the derivatives quantitated (O6-EtG, 7-EtG, 3 EtA, O2-EtT, O4EtT, O2EtC, and ethyl phosphotriesters) are found in each tissue examined 1 h after treatment with EtNU. Most of the ethylated bases are poorly removed (or, in the case of O4-EtT, not at all) from DNA in the brain, the target tissue of oncogenicity. A pool of five other tissues, excluding liver, exhibits a similar pattern of ethyl base persistence over a 75 h period. In contrast, liver apparently contains enzymes capable of removing all of the ethylated bases. In all tissues used, ethyl phosphotriesters are very stable. The observed kinetics imply that removal of ethylated bases would be complete within 10 days in liver, while over 50% of the chemically ethylated stable bases would persist in other tissues, including brain, for many weeks. We propose that any or all persistent promutagenic derivatives (O6-EtG, O2EtT, O4-EtT, O2-EtC) can be important in the initiation of carcinogenesis by somatic mutation, given that the damage DNA is expressed. The differing rates of removal of the ethyl purines and pyrimidines in brain, liver and pooled tissues imply that mammals possess multiple independent repair systems. PMID- 7296760 TI - The relationship between the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of nitrosamines in a hepatocyte-mediated mutagenicity assay. AB - A quantitative relationship was established for 26 nitrosamines between their carcinogenic effectiveness in experimental animals and their mutagenic activity in a mammalian cell-mediated assay. Mutagenesis was measured in Chinese hamster V79 cells co-cultivated with primary rat hepatocytes, which are capable of activating nitrosamines. Resistance to ouabain and to 6-thioguanine served as the genetic markers. PMID- 7296761 TI - Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of sterigmatocystin on cultured Chinese hamster cells. AB - Cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of sterigmatocystin (STC), a carcinogenic mycotoxin, on cultured Chinese hamster cells were investigated in the presence or absence of a metabolic activation system. STC directly applied to the cells induced cytotoxicity and drug-resistant mutations in a time- and concentration dependent manner. Analyses of the effects of STC showed that treatment for shorter periods was more effective than that for longer periods. The presence of an activation system, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of STC were strongly enhanced, and 1% of the microsome fraction was most efficient in inducing the effects. Analyses by equitoxic comparison showed that there was little difference in mutagenic activity between the direct treatment and the treatment using an activation system. PMID- 7296762 TI - Phorbol ester-induced anchorage independence and its antagonism by retinoic acid correlates with altered expression of specific glycoproteins. AB - Since tumor promoting phorbol esters produce a variety of glycoprotein synthesis changes and since retinoids act both as antipromoters and modulators of glycoprotein synthesis, we sought to ascertain whether specific changes in glycoprotein synthesis might be targets both for the promoting action of phorbol esters and for the antipromoting actin of retinoids. In this report we present evidence that tumor promoting but not nonpromoting phorbol esters produce decreased levels of 180,000 and 150,000 mol, wt, glycoproteins in mouse JB-6 cells which are promotable to tumor cell phenotype by phorbol esters. These relatively specific decreases are blocked by an antipromoting concentration of retinoic acid, thus suggesting that decreases in 180K and 150K glycoproteins may play a role in promotion of transformation. PMID- 7296763 TI - Formation of tissue-bound N'-nitrosonornicotine metabolites by the target tissues of Sprague-Dawley and Fisher rats. AB - The distribution and metabolism of N' -[14C] nitrosonornicotine ([14C]NNU) was studied in Sprague-Dawley and Fisher rats, in which NNN induces tumours preferentially of the nasal cavity and the oesophagus. After i.v. injections of [14C] NNN, a localization of tissue-bound metabolites weas found in the mucosa of the nasal cavity and oesophagus. These tissues were also found to have a capacity to form tissue-bound metabolites from NNN in vitro. These data suggest that in situ metabolic activation of NNN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the NNN-induced tumours of the nasal cavity and the oesophagus in the rat. PMID- 7296764 TI - Tumor promoters induce the synthesis of a secreted glycoprotein in mouse skin and cultured primary mouse epidermal cells. AB - The effect of tumor promoters and anti-promoters on the synthesis and secretion of a 35,000 mol wt transformation-dependent secreted glycoprotein (MEP) by primary mouse epidermal cells has been investigated. MEP is synthesized and secreted at low levels by cultured epidermal basal cells. The phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces a 3-fold increase in the synthesis of MEP as determined by quantitative immunoprecipitation from pulse-labeled cell extracts. This increase is maximal 6 h after treatment and parallels an increase in secretion of MEP measured by appearance of radiolabeled protein in the medium or by radioimmunoassay of culture supernatants. An increase in MEP synthesis is also observed in the skin of mice exposed to TPA. The phorbol ester antagonists retinoic acid, lidocaine and fluocinolone acetonide were examined to determine their effect on the synthesis and secretion of MEP. Of these agents, only fluocinolone acetonide affects MEP levels by suppressing the basal level of MEP synthesis but not its relative induction by TPA. These data suggest that the modifying effects of these three agents on tumor promotion are not mediated via an alteration in MEP synthesis per se is not sufficient for promotion. PMID- 7296765 TI - The effect of caffeine on two-stage skin carcinogenesis and on complete systemic carcinogenesis. AB - A single large dose of caffeine (100 microgram/g body weight) was injected at different time in relation to urethan initiation for skin tumorigenesis, topical anthranil treatment serving as promotor. Caffeine significantly increased papilloma incidence when given 6 h before initiation, and to an insignificant extent, at 9 h prior to initiation. A tendency for inhibition was evident when caffeine was administered 6 h after urethan but this was also not statistically significant. Lung adenoma induction by urethan was unaffected. The significance of the timing of caffeine treatment in modifying the outcome of the initiation phase is discussed. PMID- 7296766 TI - Cell population kinetics in hairless mouse epidermis following a single topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate I. AB - The alterations in the cell population kinetics of mouse epidermis (hr/hr. Oslo strain) following a single topical application of 17 nmol 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were studied using serveral methods simultaneously. During a period from 2-96 h following treatment, 452 mice were used to measure incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA (labeling index and specific activity), mitotic index, Colcemid arrested metaphase rates, and flow cytometric DNA measurements. The time course of the kinetic response to TPA could be divided into two different periods. Period I (0-12 h) was characterized by a temporary block of cells in S-phase and mitosis. In period II (12-96 h), partly synchronized cells displayed multiple waves of DNA synthesis and cell division, with a considerable reduction of the cell cycle time from 54 h down to 10-12 h. The resulting hyperplastic epidermis is therefore composed of a relatively high proportion of young, immature cells. Hence, some of the early biochemical alterations in mouse epidermis assumed to be specific for TPA as a tumor promotor, may merely be the result of a rapid population shift. PMID- 7296767 TI - Large differences in metabolic activation and inactivation of chemically closely related compounds: effects of pure enzymes and enzyme induction on the mutagenicity of the twelve monomethylated benz[a]anthracenes, 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and benz[a]anthracene in the Ames test. PMID- 7296768 TI - Comprehensive analysis of urinary metabolites of N'-nitrosonornicotine. AB - A detailed study of the urinary metabolites of N'-nitrosonornicotine has been performed, employing a simple high pressure liquid chromatographic method. The percentage excretion of the principal urinary metabolites was determined over a dose range of 3-300 mg/kg in the F-344 rat, as follows: 4-hydroxy-4-(3 pyridyl)butyric acid (37.1-53.3%, respectively, of the dose), N' nitrosonornicotine-I-N-oxide (6.7-10.7%), norcotinine (3.2-5.1%), 4-oxo-4-(3 pyridyl)butyric acid (31.1-12.8%), N'-nitrosonornicotine (3.3-5.2%). In the strain A mouse and Syrian golden hamster, the urinary metabolites were qualitatively similar to those observed in the F-344 rat. The interrelationships of the various metabolites of N'-nitrosonornicotine which have been observed in vitro and in vivo were established. The in vitro metabolites resulting from 2' hydroxylation by liver microsomes, myosmine and 4-hydroxy-I-(3-pyridyl)-1 butanone were converted, by the F-344 rat, primarily to 4-oxo-4-(3 pyridyl)butyric acid as a urinary metabolite. The in vitro metabolite resulting from 5'-hydroxylation by liver microsomes, 2-hydroxy-5-(3 pyridyl)tetrahydrofuran, gave 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid as its major urinary metabolite, apparently via 5-(3-pyridyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one. N' nitrosonornicotine-I-N-oxide, the remaining major in vitro metabolite, was excreted to a large extent unchanged in F-344 rat urine. The urinary metabolites from 2'-hydroxylation and 5'-hydroxylation of N'-nitrosonornicotine, 4-oxo-4-(3 pyridyl)butyric acid and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid, respectively, were not formed from the in vivo metabolite norcotinine and were ot interconverted significantly by the F-344 rat. Thus, these metabolites appear to be reliable indicators for the two possible in vivo alpha-hydroxylations of N' nitrosonornicotine. PMID- 7296769 TI - The formation of N-nitrosomethyl(2-oxopropyl)amine from N-nitrosobis(2 oxopropyl)amine in vivo. AB - After injection of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) (10 mg/kg) to male Syrian golden hamsters there were there concentrations of BOP and many of its metabolites in the hamster pancreas compared with the liver and salivary gland. Also, a potential methylating metabolite of BOP, N-nitrosomethyl(2 oxopropyl)amine, was found in both tissues. PMID- 7296770 TI - Urinary metabolites of N-nitrosodipropylamine, N-nitroso-2 hydroxypropylpropylamine and N-nitroso-2-oxopropylpropylamine in the rat. AB - Analysis of 24 h urine samples of rats administered N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitroso-2-hydroxypropylpropylamine (NHPPA) or N-nitroso-2 oxopropylpropylamine (NOPPA) showed that the major excretion product in each case was the beta-glucuronide of NHPPA. This conjugate was shown to be present at levels of about 5%, 80% and 50% of the administered dose for NDPA, NHPPA and NOPPA, respectively, based on exhaustive hydrolysis of the urine samples with beta-glucuronidase. Generally only low levels (less than 2%) of the unchanged nitrosamines or their unconjugated metabolites (NHPPA for administered NDPA and NHPPA for administered NOPPA) were detected. We were unable to detect N nitrosomethylpropylamine or N-nitrosodimethylamine in the urine of any of the animals. PMID- 7296771 TI - Mutagenicity in Salmonella of dyes used by defence personnel for the detection of liquid chemical warfare agents. AB - Paper strips containing indicator dyes have been developed by defence scientists to change color upon exposure to certain agents but not to common solvents. As a preliminary step in studies on their possible genetic or carcinogenic hazard, 6 dyes used in these detection papers were tested with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay. The 3 nitro arenes tested were found to be mutagenic. Two of them, Orasol Navy Blue 2RB (without metabolic activation) and Eastman Fast Blue B GLF (with metabolic activation), induced higher yields of mutations in the frameshift revertible strains, but base substitution mutations also were found. The third nitro arene, ethyl-bis-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) acetate, induced only frameshift reversions, the greatest yields without metabolic activation. Because of weak but consistent mutagenic activation. Because of weak but consistent mutagenic effects with a fourth dye, thiodiphenyl-4,4'-diazo-bis-salicylic acid, fluctuation tests using Salmonella strain TA98 were performed, and dose-related, statistically-significant mutagenic responses were observed. Two remaining dyes, Fluorescent Brilliant Yellow R and 2,5,2',5'-tetramethyltriphenylmethane-4,4' diazo-bis-beta-hydroxynaphthoic anilide, were not mutagenic in experiments using doses extending into the toxic range. Spot tests were performed on different paper strips containing the dyes. When the papers were eluted with dimethyl sulfoxide, responses were found to be qualitatively similar to those in the plate tests. Although microbial test results cannot be used to assess risk in man, these results indicate a potential mutagenic or carcinogenic hazard for individuals exposed to these dyes, especially the nitro aromatics. PMID- 7296772 TI - DNA methylation by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine in target and non-target tissues of NMRI mice. AB - Adult female NMRI mice received a single i.p injection of N-nitroso(methyl 14C)methylbenzylamine (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Multiple weekly applications of such a dose, by this route, have previously been shown to induce lung adenomas and forestomach carcinomas in all experimental animals. After a survival time of 6 h, DNA was isolated from various tissues and analysed for methylated purines by separation of the acid hydrolysate on Sephasorb columns. Highest concentrations of 7-methylguanine and 06-methylguanine were present in hepatic DNA, followed by lung and forestomach. DNA methylation in the oesophagus was only 21% less than in forestomach. Since both tissues develop a high tumour incidence after oral administration of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (MBN), this observation suggests that despite their anatomical similarities the level of DNA modification required for malignant transformation differs considerably in these tissue. In the remaining organs, DNA alkylation was either considerably less (colon, glandular stomach, kidney) or not detectable (small intestine, spleen). These date indicate that following i.p. injection in mice, MBN is preferentially metabolised in a non target organ (liver). Among the various other tissues investigated, highest levels of initial DNA methylation were present in forestomach and lung, i.e., the principal target organs of MBN for this route of application. PMID- 7296773 TI - Molecular structures of three hydroxyl derivatives of the hepatic carcinogen acetylaminofluorene. Evidence for preferred orientation of the acetylamino side chain. AB - The molecular and crystal structures of three hydroxyl derivatives of 2 acetylaminofluorene (AAF), have been determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The structures of l-hydroxyl-AAF, N-hydroxyl-AAF and 3-hydroxyl-AAF have shown that in general their geometries are similar, both in respect bond distances and angles, and in respect of side-chain disposition. Possible reasons for the differences in biological activity between the three derivatives are discussed. PMID- 7296775 TI - Efficiency of isolation of revertible 6-thioguanine resistant clones is dependent on the concentration of thioguanine used for selection. AB - The availability of a number of well characterised mammalian cell mutants which revert at measurable frequencies when exposed to specific chemical mutagens would considerably aid analysis of mechanisms of mutagenesis in mammalian cells, might ultimately provide the mammalian cell equivalent of the "Ames' tester strains and could aid the understanding of the spectrum of mutations produced by different carcinogens. As an approach to this goal we have analysed the phenotypes and revertibility of a considerable number of 6-thioguanine resistant (6TGR) mutants isolated from V79 cells and have determined the 6TG concentration which yields the optimum number of revertible cell lines. PMID- 7296774 TI - Effect of pH on the neoplastic transformation of normal human skin fibroblasts by N-hydroxy-1-naphthylamine and N-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine. AB - The conversion of urinary N-hydroxy arylamines to carcinogenic electrophiles under mildly acidic conditions in the bladder lumen has been proposed as an essential step in arylamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis. To test the hypothesis that extracellular generation of an ultimate carcinogenic species can initiate a neoplastic event normal human fibroblasts were exposed to N-hydroxy-1- and 2-naphthylamine (N-HO-1-NA and N-HO-2-NA) at pH 5 and pH 7. With both compounds, anchorage independent growth of transformed cells in soft agar were enhanced 3- to 7-fold in the pH 5 incubations. Injection of the N-HO-1-NA and N HO-2-NA-transformed cells into nude mice resulted in tumors in 1/8 and 2/7 animals, respectively. In a control experiment, no differences in transformation of these cells by aflatoxin B1 were observed between pH 5 and pH 7 exposures. Thus, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that ultimate carcinogenic electrophiles, generated extracellularly, can enter an intact cell and induce neoplasia. Alternatively, the possibility of a local intracellular acidic environment near the cell surface and its role in the generation of a reactive electrophile leading to urinary bladder carcinogenesis is discussed. PMID- 7296776 TI - Equal oxygen consumption rates of isovolumic and ejecting contractions with equal systolic pressure-volume areas in canine left ventricle. AB - Left ventricle systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) has been found to be highly linearly correlated with cardiac oxygen consumption rate per beat (VO2) in a given canine heart with a stable inotropic background. PVA is a specific area in the pressure-volume (P-V) diagram that is bounded by the end-systolic and end diastolic P-V relationship lines and the systolic segment of the P-V loop, consisting of the sum of external mechanical work and what is considered the end systolic elastic potential energy in the ventricular wall. In this study, we compared VO2's of steady state entirely isovolumic and variously ejecting contractions that were made to have equal PVA's in the canine left ventricle. We found that VO2's of these isovolumic and ejecting contractions with equal PVA's (isovolumic vs. ejecting = 1008 +/- 64 (SE) vs. 1022 +/- 62 mm Hg ml/beat, n = 32 pairs in 10 hearts) were equal to each other (0.0375 +/- 0.0021 vs. 0.0368 +/- 0.0021 ml O2/beat) regardless of the marked differences in stroke volume (0 vs. 9.8 +/- 0.6 ml), end-diastolic volume (20.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 23.7 +/- 0.9 ml), end systolic volume (20.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 13.9 +/- 0.7 ml), peak pressure (123 +/- 5 vs. 88 +/- 5 mm Hg), stroke work (0 vs. 636 +/- 36 mm Hg ml/beat), and calculated peak total wall force (1588 +/- 77 vs. 1077 +/- 72 g). Therefore, we conclude that PVA can serve as a reliable predictor of VO2 in a given canine left ventricle with a stable inotropic background whether the contraction mode is isovolumic or ejecting. PMID- 7296777 TI - Segmental differentiation of endothelial intercellular junctions in intra-acinar arteries and veins of the rat lung. PMID- 7296778 TI - Electrophysiological effects of hypertonic sucrose solutions on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Microelectrode techniques were used to study the electrophysiological effects of hypertonic solutions on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Tyrode's solution was rendered hyperosmotic by the addition of sucrose to produce 320, 350, 400, and 500 mOsm solutions. Hyperosmotic solutions produced sucrose concentration dependent hyperpolarization, increased the current required to effect all-or-none depolarization, slowed transmission, and prolonged action potential duration. The action potential prolongation was reversed or prevented by lidocaine (10-5 M). Treatment of potassium-depolarized Purkinje fibers with hypertonic solutions produced hyperpolarization, increased Vmax phase 0, decreased the current required to evoke all-or-none depolarization, increased action potential duration, and increased transmission speed. The potent electrophysiological actions of hypertonic sucrose solutions probably derive from their osmotic effects rather than from selective actions at specific membrane sites or hormone receptors. PMID- 7296779 TI - Contracture in isolated adult rat heart cells. Role of Ca2+, ATP, and compartmentation. AB - Isolated intact quiescent myocytes from the adult rat were used as a model system for investigating the determinants of contracture induced by metabolic deprivation. The model simulated the pattern of contracture and ATP decline seen in the intact heart during ischemia. Three new insights into the contracture process were gained: (1) in the quiescent cell system, the rate of onset of contracture was independent of external Ca2+, supporting the view that the Ca2+ dependence of the rate of onset in the whole heart is related to beat-dependent substrate utilization; (2) the second phase of ATP decline was paralleled by a decline in the percentage of cells which had not undergone contracture, suggesting that-in any cell-contracture is immediately preceded by a total loss of ATP; and (3) oligomycin delayed the onset of contracture by 55 +/- 12%, suggesting that mitochondrial ATPase activity is a significant drain on energy resources in the quiescent ischemic heart. PMID- 7296780 TI - Electrotonically mediated delayed conduction and reentry in relation to "slow responses" in mammalian ventricular conducting tissue. AB - A narrow zone of block in isolated false tendon preparations was created by perfusion of the central compartment (gap) of a three-compartment tissue bath with either an isotonic sucrose solution or a solution designed to mimic the extracellular milieu in ischemic tissue. Driven responses on the proximal side of the gap were transmitted to the distal side after long delays. The characteristics of the "ischemic" gap model were found to be qualitatively similar to those of the sucrose gap model in which impulse transmission is electrotonically mediated. In both models, the effects of driven action potentials were mimicked by electrotonic displacement of membrane potential by current pulses passed across the gap. Foot-potentials representative of electrotonic potentials bringing the distal membrane to threshold were present in all cases and were found to be largely unaffected by the slow channel-blocking agent, verapamil. Transmembrane activity recorded from the central portion of the gap segment was shown to be electrotonic in nature. Ectopic activity in the form of reflected reentry was readily demonstrable in the ischemic gap model in the presence or absence of verapamil as well as in the sucrose gap model. When propagation across the gap was mediated by "slow" responses, transmission was relatively prompt and reentry did not occur. Our observations suggest that very slow conduction through ischemic areas may result from step delays imposed by electrotonic transmission of impulses across inexcitable segments of cable rather than from uniform slow conduction of propagated action potentials with slow upstrokes. PMID- 7296781 TI - Ultrastructural features of the innervation and smooth muscle of the rabbit facial vein, and their relationship to function. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the ultrastructure of the intramedial plexus of autonomic nerves and the smooth muscle of the rabbit facial vein could be correlated with the functional properties of this vessel. The mean observed widths of neuromuscular clefts were 250 nm in untreated control vessels, 260 in the dilated vein, and 390 in the contracted vein. Variation in the plane of section and in cell surface contours may lead to overestimation of cleft width, particularly in contracted vessels; the conclusion was reached, therefore, that the actual mean cleft width in this vessel, which may be closer to 200 nm, is relatively narrow in comparison with other blood vessels. There is probably little significant variation in cleft width with changes in vessel diameter. This narrow cleft correlates with the pronounced neurogenic response of this vessel. The smooth muscle cells of the facial vein appear to contain a relatively small amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum, which may be related to the dependence of maintained tone on extracellular calcium. Areas of close apposition of cell surfaces, with gaps of approximately 15 nm, may be related to propagation of electrical activity from one smooth muscle cell to another. PMID- 7296782 TI - Effects of graded increases in pulmonary vascular pressures on lung fluid balance in unanesthetized sheep. AB - Fourteen experiments were conducted on 12 chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep in which we monitored pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and aortic pressures, lung lymph flow, and lymph-to-plasma ratios (L/P) of total proteins and four endogenous protein fractions during baseline and progressive elevations of left atrial pressure. We found that L/P for total proteins decreased as lung lymph flow increased until lymph flow exceeded four to five times baseline and thereafter remained nearly constant (filtration independent) at 0.26. The four protein fractions exhibited a filtration independent L/P that was related to the effective molecular radius of the protein fraction. The minimal L/P were 0.36, 0.28, 0.18, and 0.09 for the protein fractions that had effective molecular radii of 36, 38.5, 59, and 101 A, respectively. In addition, we found no evidence supporting a stretched pore phenomenon over the pressure range utilized in this investigation. PMID- 7296783 TI - The effects of hypoproteinemia on blood-to-lymph fluid transport in sheep lung. AB - We studied the effects of reducing the plasma protein concentration on flow and composition of pulmonary lymph in 12 unanesthetized sheep. Whole blood was removed while red cells were returned and lactated Ringers was infused at a rate sufficient to maintain pulmonary vascular pressures at baseline values. A 44-54% reduction in plasma protein concentration resulted in a decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure from 18.6 +/- 1.1 to 7.8 +/- 0.9 mm Hg. Within an hour after plasmapheresis, lymph flows increased to a maximum of 4 times baseline. Subsequently, lymph flow gradually decreased and were close to baseline at 24 hours. The plasma-to-lymph oncotic gradient was reestablished in 5 hours due to decreased lymph protein. Maintained elevation of lymph flow with hydrostatic and oncotic gradients at baseline values suggest that the blood-to-lymph barrier offers less resistance to fluid transport. The calculated filtration coefficient increased 2- to 3-fold after plasmapheresis. Protein clearances remained normally coupled to lymph flows. Thus the enhanced fluid transport cannot be attributed to a permeability change in the large pore pathways. Hypoproteinemia may alter the interstitial gel so that there is less resistance to fluid movement. Such changes in fluid conductivity between blood capillaries and lymphatics may augment the lymphatic safety factor against pulmonary edema during hypoproteinemia. PMID- 7296784 TI - Heterogeneity of intracellular potassium activity and membrane potential in hypoxic guinea pig ventricle. AB - The relationship between membrane potential (Em) and the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) was investigated in hypoxic guinea pig papillary muscle. After more than 8 hours of hypoxia, cells with near normal Em (-86.2 +/- 0.9 mV) and action potentials were observed. However, the intracellular potassium concentration ([K+]i) based on chemical analysis and the assumption that potassium was homogeneously distributed was 41.8 +/- 4.3 mM; the apparent EK was 55.7 +/- 2.9 mV, significantly positive to Em. Measurements with potassium ion selective microelectrodes revealed that prolonged hypoxia results in at least two populations of cells with different characteristics. The first population had an intracellular potassium activity (aiK) of 101.5 +/- 1.9 mM, and EK was 4.7 mV negative to Em. In contrast, EK was 33.4 +/- 1.3 mV negative to Em in the second population. These cells also exhibited a reduced sensitivity to changes in bath potassium, and calculations suggest aiK was about 18 mM. The existence of cell populations with a near normal and very low aiK can explain the intermediate value of [K+]i calculated assuming a homogenous potassium distribution. Cells with near normal Em and action potentials represent the population with near normal aiK. Hypoxia may also cause non-uniform changes in other cellular characteristics. PMID- 7296785 TI - Pressure measurements in the terminal vascular bed of the epimyocardium of rats and cats. PMID- 7296786 TI - Elevation of thromboxane B2 levels in patients with classic and variant angina Pectoris. PMID- 7296787 TI - Effects of 12 months of intense exercise training on ischemic ST-segment depression in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether adaptation to 12 months of intense endurance exercise training could alter the relationship between the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure (double product) and the extent of ischemic ST-segment depression during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. True (i.e., not symptom-limited) maximum oxygen uptake capacity increased from 25.5 +/- 4.2 ml/kg/min (mean +/- SD) to 35.3 +/- 4.4 ml/Kg/min with training. The maximum degree of ST-segment depression during exercise averaged 0.20 +/- 0.04 mV before and 0.16 +/- 0.08 mV after training despite a 20% increase in maximum double product. The double product at which ST depression (0.1 mV) first appeared was 22% greater after training. The extent of ST-segment displacement at the same double product was less after training. These findings suggest that training, if sufficiently intense and prolonged, can result in a reduction in myocardial ischemia at the same or a higher double product. PMID- 7296788 TI - Digitalis-associated cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. AB - The effect of digitalis therapy on 4-month posthospital cardiac mortality was investigated in 812 patients who survived the hospital phase of acute myocardial infraction. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with increased mortality and to adjust for differences in confounding variables between digitalis and nondigitalis patients. The major 4 month mortality (10 of 26 patients [38.5%]) occurred in digitalis-treated patients with congestive heart failure in the coronary care unit and complex ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) on the predischarge Holter recording. Logistic analyses that controlled for confounding variables indicated that digitalis use contributed to the increased mortality rate in this high-risk subset. The predicted mortality difference due to digitalis in patients with congestive heart failure and complex VPDs, adjusted for relevant nondigitalis risk factor variables, was 30% (90% confidence interval 18-42%). This retrospective study suggests that digitalis use increases the early posthospital mortality of myocardial infarction patients with combined electrical and mechanical dysfunction. PMID- 7296789 TI - An investigation in patients with previous myocardial infarction who present with chest pain. PMID- 7296790 TI - Recurrence of ventricular fibrillation in acute ischemic heart disease. AB - We assessed factors during an initial episode of ventricular fibrillation that may be predictive of recurrence. Of 141 consecutive patients with acute ischemic heart disease who survived an initial episode of ventricular fibrillation, 41 (29%) had recurrent ventricular fibrillation during hospitalization. The incidence of recurrent ventricular fibrillation was lower among those with an acute myocardial infarction than among those with acute ischemic episode. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation occurred more frequently among patients with secondary ventricular fibrillation complicating an acute myocardial infarction than among those with primary ventricular fibrillation. Primary ventricular fibrillation than occurred within 2 hours of the onset of symptoms was no more likely to be recurrent than when it occurred later. Age, sex, site of infarction, place of arrest, adequacy of initial resuscitation, interval onset of symptoms to the initial episode of ventricular fibrillation, onset of symptoms to intensive care and delay before initial attempted defibrillation were not significantly related to the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7296791 TI - Etiology, warning signs and therapy of torsade de pointes. A study of 10 patients. AB - Torsade de pointes, also called atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT), was diagnosed in 10 patients, nine on antiarrhythmic therapy and one with acute central nervous system damage. Four patients received quinidine and five disopyramide, either alone or in combination with amiodarone. AVT was dose dependent in some, but in others, it started shortly after initiation of drug therapy (idiosyncrasy). All patients had QT prolongation longer than 0.60 second immediately before the onset of AVT. This measurement appeared to be a more sensitive predictor of the development of AVT than QTc prolongation or QRS widening. All patients also showed bradycardia before AVT onset. After therapy, the QT immediately decreased, while QTc and QRS remained prolonged for longer periods. Isoproterenol was effective in five of seven patients, but was contraindicated in two others. Ventricular pacing was used in four patients, including the two who did not respond to isoproterenol, and this abolished AVT promptly. Isoproterenol or pacing appear to be the therapy of choice for AVT, while the conventional drugs used to treat the usual form of ventricular tachycardia are not only ineffective, but even contraindicated. PMID- 7296793 TI - Ultrasonic duplex scanning for disease of the carotid artery. AB - The duplex ultrasonic scanner combines real-time B-mode imaging with a single gate, variable-range pulsed Doppler. The detection and categorization of the severity of carotid artery atherosclerosis is achieved by performing spectral analysis of the pulsed Doppler velocity signal obtained from vessels of interest. Using this technique, 750 patients with suspected extracranial carotid artery disease were evaluated between January 1978 and January 1980. One hundred thirty five of these 750 patients (18%) underwent cerebral arteriography performed with biplanar views of the carotid bifurcation. The degree of stenosis was measured independently in these patients and was available for comparison with the results of duplex scanning and spectral analysis. Duplex scanning correctly detected the presence of disease in 252 of 259 carotid arteries studied (97%). The extent of involvement varied from plaques that produced less than 10% diameter reduction to those that resulted in a total occlusion. The technique was less accurate with lesions that produced less than 10% diameter reduction. PMID- 7296792 TI - Intermediate-density lipoprotein and cholesterol-rich very low density lipoprotein in angiographically determined coronary artery disease. AB - The relationship between the concentrations of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and other lipoproteins and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied in 182 consecutive patients evaluated by selective coronary cineangiography. On univariate analysis, the extent of CAD correlated significantly and positively with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, IDL cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Analysis of four subgroups divided by IDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels indicated that moderately increased levels of IDL cholesterol were closely associated with a high frequency of CAD. Moreover, multi-variate regression analysis demonstrated that IDL cholesterol for men, LDL cholesterol for men and women and HDL cholesterol for men were significant variables of use in the final weighting procedure. IDL cholesterol was closely associated with cholesterol-rich VLDL. This study shows that IDL and cholesterol-rich VLDL combine to contribute to the development of CAD. PMID- 7296794 TI - Assessment of preoperative left ventricular function in patients with mitral regurgitation: value of the end-systolic wall stress-end-systolic volume ratio. AB - Twenty-one patients with symptomatic, chronic, severe mitral regurgitation (MR) but without other valvular heart disease or coronary disease were evaluated to determine which hemodynamic and angiographic factors might be prognostic of surgical outcome. Sixteen patients were in New York Heart Association functional classes I or II postoperatively and formed group A. One patient remained in class III postoperatively and four patients died perioperatively; they constitute group B. End-diastolic volume index (EDVI) was less for group A than for group B, 119 +/- 25 ml/m2 vs 170 +/- 28 ml/m2 (p less than 0.001). End-systolic volume index (ESVI) was also lower in group A, 39 +/- 19 ml/m2 vs 72 +/- 32 ml/m2 for group B (p less than 0.01). The ratio of end-systolic wall stress to end-systolic volume index (ESWS/ESVI) was examined in normal persons and in groups A and B. This ratio was significantly lower in both groups than in normal persons, indicating relatively greater end-systolic volume at a given wall stress, suggesting left ventricular dysfunction. The ESWS/ESVI ratio in group B, 2.2 +/- 0.2, was significantly less than in group A, 3.3 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.001). The variables of age, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, EDVI, ESVI, ejection fraction and the ESWS/ESVI ratio were subjected to stepwise discriminant multivariate analysis to determine if any were independent predictors of outcome. The only independent predictor determined by this method was the ESWS/ESVI ratio (p less than 0.001). We conclude that the ESWS/ESVI ratio may be helpful in evaluating left ventricular function and operative risk in patients with chronic, symptomatic MR. PMID- 7296795 TI - Comparative reproducibility and validity of systems for assessing cardiovascular functional class: advantages of a new specific activity scale. AB - Reproducibility and validity are prerequisites for a useful clinical scale. We therefore prospectively tested the reproducibility and validity of the New York Heart Association criteria and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society criteria for the assessment of cardiac functional class and compared these criteria with a new Specific Activity Scale based on the metabolic costs of specific activities. The New York Heart Association estimates made by two physicians had a reproducibility of only 56%, and only 51% of the estimates agreed with treadmill exercise performance. Functional estimates based on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society criteria were significantly more reproducible (73%), but not significantly more valid. The Specific Activity Scale was as reproducible as the Canadian Cardiovascular Society criteria, and its 68% validity was significantly higher than the validities of the other systems. The easily administered Specific Activity Scale was equally reproducible and valid when used by a nonphysician. It was especially better than the other systems for the evaluation of true class II patients and was significantly less likely to underestimate treadmill performance. Although no set of questions can perfectly predict exercise tolerance, the Specific Activity Scale deserves wider prospective testing. PMID- 7296797 TI - Hemodynamic determinants of pulmonary valve motion during systole in experimental pulmonary hypertension. AB - To clarify the determinants of pulmonary valve (PV) motion in pulmonary hypertension, we examined the correlations among PV echo patterns, the pulmonary artery (PA) flow curve just above the PA orifice and the pulmonary artery-right ventricle (PA-RV) pressure gradient. By constricting the PA, we could produce a variety of PV echo patterns, including midsystolic semiclosure in open-chest dogs. Throughout the experiments, the PV echo pattern and PA flow curve were similar in pattern and timing. When the PV echo showed midsystolic semiclosure with reopening. The PA flow curve showed a transient decrease followed by a transient increase during midsystole. The PA-RV pressure gradient became transiently positive (PA pressure greater than RV pressure) and then negative in midsystole only when the PV echo showed midsystolic semiclosure with reopening. In conclusion, PV motion during systole may be instantaneously determined by PA flow change and the PA-RV pressure gradient during the cardiac cycle in experimental pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7296796 TI - Growth and development of the pulmonary vascular bed in patients with tetralogy of Fallot with or without pulmonary atresia. PMID- 7296798 TI - Significance of the HV interval in 517 patients with chronic bifascicular block. AB - In January 1975, we reported results of a prospective follow-up study (mean 538 +/- 42 days) of 119 patients with chronic bifascicular block (BFB), and concluded that BFB patients with normal and prolonged HV (NHV and PHV) had a similar incidence of atrioventricular (AV) block and mortality. In this report, we update these findings in 517 patients with a follow-up of 21 days to 9.8 years (mean 3.4 +/- 0.2 years). Three hundred nineteen patients (61%) had NHV and 198 (39%) had PHV (greater than 55 msec). The NHV and PHV groups were similar in regard to age (NHV vs PHV, 61 +/- 1 vs 62 +/- 1 years) and sex (80% male, 20% female vs 82% male and 18% female). The following were more common (p less than 0.05) in patients with PHV (percent of patients with finding in NHV vs PHV groups): angina (18% vs 27%), congestive failure (27% vs 42%), cardiomegaly (48% vs 66%), New York Heart Association functional class II-IV (34% vs 56%), premature ventricular complexes (20% vs 29%), and organic heart disease (OHD) (75% vs 85%). Spontaneous trifascicular block (TFB) developed in two patients (0.6%) with NHV and nine patients (4.5%) with PHV (p less than 0.05). Cumulative 7-year incidence of TFB was 3% with NHV and 12% with PHV (p less than 0.01). Seven-year cumulative cardiovascular mortality was 32% in NHV patients and 57% in PHV patients (p less than 0.005). In conclusion, PHV in patients with chronic BFB was associated with a greater incidence and severity of OHD, and higher total and sudden death mortalities. The risk of spontaneous TFB was small in patients with either NHV or PHV, although it was significantly higher in the latter. PMID- 7296799 TI - Left fascicular blocks during right-heart catheterization using the Swan-Ganz catheter. AB - During insertion of Swan-Ganz catheters, mechanical right bundle branch block occurred in association with left posterior fascicular block in two patients and with left anterior fascicular block in two. None of the four patients had acute myocardial infarction or acute (spontaneous or iatrogenic) pulmonary disease. In two cases, electrophysiologic studies demonstrated the coexistence of intra- and infra-Hisian conduction delays and blocks. Although the right bundle branch block may have resulted from injury to the central or peripheral right branch, the left fascicular blocks could not be explained by direct trauma to these left-sided structures. Our findings support the recent clinical and experimental reports that show that left fascicular block (as well as right bundle branch block) may be due to lesions involving the His bundle; presumably because of longitudinal dissociation of this structure affecting the transverse interconnections. In one patient, 2:1 intra-Hisian block may have coexisted with bradycardia-dependent (phase 4) right bundle branch block. More studies are required to determine the implications of catheter-induced conduction disturbances in other clinical settings, such as acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7296801 TI - Terminology of torsade de pointes. PMID- 7296800 TI - Site of antegrade and retrograde functional right bundle branch block in the intact canine heart. PMID- 7296802 TI - Imaging vascular lesions with indium-111-labeled platelets. PMID- 7296803 TI - Minoxidil and cardiac lesions. PMID- 7296805 TI - Eczema and infant diet. AB - The relationship between prenatal atopy, breast-feeding, early solid food diet and the rate of eczema was studied in a birth cohort of 2-year-old children. Rates of eczema varied significantly with parental atopy and solid feeding: children of atopic parents given solid food during the first 4 months had over two-and-a-half times the rate of eczema of children not given solid food and who had non-atopic parents. Further, rates of eczema increased in almost direct proportion to the number of different types of solid food that the child had been given during the first 4 months. Breast-feeding had no significant effect on rates of eczema. The results suggest that both parental atopy and diversity in early diet are factors which contribute towards rates of childhood eczema. PMID- 7296804 TI - An oral screening procedure to determine the sensitizing capacity of infant feeding formulae. PMID- 7296806 TI - Analysis of green coffee bean and castor bean allergens using RAST inhibition. AB - Coffee workers with occupational allergic symptoms and positive skin tests to green coffee bean and factor dust antigens have elevated serum IgE antibodies (by radioallergosorbent test--RAST) to green coffee and castor bean allergens. These antibodies were used in a RAST inhibition assay to analyse coffee and castor allergens. Bean allergens were extracted by homogenization in PBS, centrifugation and concentration of supernates by ultrafiltration. Green coffee bean allergens, fractionated by gel filtration and Pevikon block electrophoresis, were shown to be very heterogeneous with a molecular weight range of 50 000 to 500 000 daltons. Castor allergens were more homogeneous with a molecular weight of 14 000 daltons and were partially purified by Pevikon block electrophoresis, gel filtration and isoelectrofocusing. Chemical analysis showed that protein was the major component in both allergen extracts. However, proteolytic enzymes could only partially destroy allergenic activity. Such isolation and characterization of these allergens should result in better methods of diagnosis and treatment of coffee workers with occupational allergic disease. PMID- 7296807 TI - The simplified oscillation method for measuring nasal resistance during provocation with allergens. AB - The simplified oscillation method was adapted to register nasal resistance because complicated and difficult procedures limited other known rhinomanometric tests. An initial study of thirty-nine subjects compared the effect of different sized masks, revealing that the smaller the face mask, the smaller the capacitance and the higher the effective resistance. After an initial measurement, a second study group of twenty healthy and twenty pollinosis patients aged from 4 to 40 years underwent nasal provocation with grass pollen extract. Both study groups showed that despite high resistance, reactances were minor. This occurs because the nose acts as an aperture and an aperture has minimal reactances. With increasing concentrations of pollen extract, the nasal resistance of pollinosis subjects increased steadily, whereas the controls showed no change. Passive anterior rhinomanometry was measured for comparison and results contrasted sharply with the oscillation method: prior to provocation, initial values of control and pollinosis groups were already significantly different; after provocation, there was a statistically significant rise in resistance amongst the control as well as the pollinosis subjects. Further, the oscillation method for measuring nasal resistance proved to be simple, effective, and suitable for children. PMID- 7296808 TI - U.v.--modified extracts in allergological diagnosis. PMID- 7296809 TI - The use of the Beckman BUN Analyser to determine the urea concentration in whole blood. PMID- 7296811 TI - Correction by the authors of the article: "The ultrafast alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme is not a bilirubin albumin artifact". Clin. Biochem. 12, 243-245 (1979) PMID- 7296810 TI - Statistical problem in the comparison of analytical techniques. PMID- 7296812 TI - A simplified radioimmunoassay for plasma 11-deoxycortisol. AB - A simple, specific, accurate, precise and sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure developed for plasma 11-deoxycortisol is described. 1. The assay employs an anti 11-deoxycortisol serum generated against 11-deoxycortisol-3-(0-carboxymethyl) oxime coupled to bovine serum albumin, crystalline 11-deoxycortisol as standard, and [3H] 11-deoxycortisol as the radioactive ligand. 2. Cross-reactivity studies performed with structurally related steroids indicated cross reactivities with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, deoxycorticosterone and progesterone of 2.0%, 1.3% and 0.4% respectively; cortisone, corticosterone, cortisol, testosterone, less than 0.1%; and estrone, 17-beta-estradiol, estriol, and metyrapone less than 0.001%. Due to the high specificity of the anti-11-deoxycortisol serum, the method is simplified by the lack of need for chromatographic purification of the organic solvent extract of the plasma prior to the radioimmunoassay. The procedure was validated by comparing values for plasma 11-deoxycortisol with and without preliminary purification by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 columns (y = 0.99 R/ x + 4.0, r = .98). Pretreatment of the plasma with n-hexane was found to eliminate interferences from high concentrations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone or progesterone. 3. Parallel dose-response curves were demonstrated between dilutions of plasma with elevated 11-deoxycortisol concentrations and the standard reference preparation. A non-specific binding less than 4% of the total [3H] 11-deoxycortisol was routinely observed. The detection limit of the assay was approximately 10 pg of 11-deoxycortisol which corresponds to a plasma concentration of approximately 0.7 micrograms/L 4. The analytical recovery of 11 deoxycortisol added to human plasma varied from 88 to 108%, with a mean recovery of 100%. The inter-assay variation was determined by assaying (n = 30) three different quality control pools. The following data were obtained: x 1 = 3.8 +/- 0.6 micrograms/L (CV = 15.8%); x 2 = 18.5 +/- 2.0 micrograms/L (CV = 10.8%); x 3 = 43.0 +/- 3.7 micrograms/dl (CV = 8.6%). PMID- 7296813 TI - Signification of high density and total cholesterol and triglycerides in acute myocardial infarction -- a case-control study. AB - This case-control study of acute myocardial infarction showed no statistical significant difference between the mean total cholesterol levels (5.45 vs. 5.26 mmol/L) of coronary patients (n = 40) and matched controls (n = 80). Also no significant association (p = 0.180) was found for HDL cholesterol between cases and controls (1.05 vs. 1.43 mmol/L). However, coronary patients had significantly (p = 0.0001) higher values of both total triglycerides (2.38 vs. 1.75 mmol/L) and HDL triglycerides (0.411 vs. 0.76 mmol/L) than the matched controls. Furthermore, for all subjects (cases and controls), both HDL cholesterol and (r = 0.337, p = 0.0002) and total triglycerides (r = 0.459, p = 0.0001). Findings of this study and others cast doubt on the use of HDL cholesterol levels, especially single determinations, in the management of coronary patients by the clinicians. We suggest that levels of total and HDL triglycerides, along with modification of other risk factors, should constitute the intervention modality for coronary artery disease. PMID- 7296814 TI - Comparison of an agarose electrophoresis method and four ion-exchange methods for the measurement of the creatine kinase MB fraction in human serum. AB - Five CK-MB methods were compared; Corning agarose gel electrophoresis, Worthington CPK Isoenzyme columns, E-C columns, Lancer MB/CPK Isoenzyme, and our own DEAE-cellulose column method. The best precision was obtained with agarose electrophoresis at elevated CK-MB levels. However the agarose electrophoresis method was less sensitive than any of the ion-exchange methods. The detection limit for CK-MB by agarose electrophoresis was variable in the range of 67-17 U/L. A significant bias was shown to exist between the ion-exchange methods and the agarose electrophoresis method. Results by the latter were on the average 4.3, 3.6, 2.7 and 1.4 times greater than CK-MB measurements obtained by the Lancer, E-C, Worthington, and DEAE-cellulose methods, respectively. The bias observed between methods was largely due to the low recoveries of CK-MB activity with the ion-exchange methods; recoveries of 106-122%, 68-78%, 42-44%, 16-19%, and 13-14% were obtained at levels of 18-162 U/L, with the agarose electrophoresis, DEAE-cellulose, Worthington E-C, and Lancer methods, respectively. PMID- 7296815 TI - Precision of digoxin radioimmunoassays and matrix effects: four kits compared. AB - We studied the interference of the sample matrix on digoxin radioimmunoassays using four commercial kits. Plasma samples from non-digitalized patients of the following categories were assayed: uncomplicated essential hypertension treated with spironolactone, uremia, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Digoxin 2.50 nmol/L was added to all samples. Digoxin in plasma from patients on spironolactone was overestimated by two of the kits (means 2.77 and 2.68 nmol/L, respectively; p less than 0.01) and underestimated in samples from uremic patients by one kit (2.32 nmol/L; p less than 0.01). The digoxin content of AMI plasma was overestimated by one kit (2.62 nmol/L; p less than 0.05). Significant differences were found between radioimmunoassays when estimating digoxin concentration in the same category of patient and within individual methods used for different categories. Precision expressed as 95% confidence intervals ranged from 0.43 to 0.80 nmol/L for the kits. Thus, deviations in recorded digoxin concentrations from the true values found, but were of secondary importance because of the relatively low precision of the assays. PMID- 7296816 TI - Serum triglyceride levels in uremic patients receiving polyacrylonitrile dialysis. AB - Fasting levels of serum triglycerides cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were studied in 20 uremic patients with persistent high triglyceride levels receiving polyacrylonitrile dialysis. Up to the sixth month of the trial there was no change in cholesterol and high density lipoprotein; on the contrary, triglyceride levels decreased progressively and reached at the fourth month the normal range. A statistical significative difference (p greater than 0.01) could be detected between cuprophane and polyacrylonitrile dialysis triglyceride levels. A diffusive procedure using polyacrylonitrile is good enough to lower high triglyceride levels, but treatment must be prolonged for four months at least. PMID- 7296817 TI - The radioimmunoassay of cortisol in urine. Difficulties experienced in the development of an assay, and problems of specificity observed with commercial reagents supplied as kits. PMID- 7296818 TI - Quantification of sinking pre beta lipoprotein in human plasma. AB - Two low density protein carriers of plasma cholesterol (beta-lipoprotein and sinking pre-beta-lipoprotein -- a genetic variant of beta-lipoprotein with pre beta electrophoretic mobility) were isolated from human plasma by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration. They were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by staining with Sudan Black B, and their concentration was determined by optical densitometry. The staining of the low lipoproteins was proportional to their total cholesterol the low lipoproteins was proportional to their total cholesterol content over a range of 2-50 mg/dl for sinking pre-beta lipoprotein (SPB) and 50-250 mg/dl for beta-lipoprotein. Mixing experiments of the two purified lipoprotein preparations indicated that the cholesterol in the SPB could be estimated by the formula: SPB cholesterol = TBC x OD of SPB/(OD of SPB + OD of beta cholesterol), where OD is optical density and the TBC was either the total cholesterol content of mixtures of purified beta- and SPB-lipoproteins, or was determined as the total plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol content measured by ultracentrifugation and polyanionic precipitation of beta- and SPB lipoproteins from plasma. The SPB cholesterol values calculated by the above formula deviated from the true value (amount added) by a mean of 6% when beta lipoprotein cholesterol was present at concentrations of 100, 165, and 216 mg/dl. The deviation did not correlate with the concentration of beta-lipoprotein cholesterol. The coefficient of variation for the determination of SPB lipoprotein by the scanning procedure wa 5-10% for SPB cholesterol concentrations of 6-30 mg/dl. SPB concentrations of 1-2 mg/dl cholesterol could be detected, but the method was unsatisfactory for quantification below 4 mg/dl cholesterol. By providing an estimate of the distribution of cholesterol between the subfractions of low density lipoprotein, the method should prove helpful in assessing risk of atherosclerosis. PMID- 7296819 TI - Serum constituents in pregnancy including 4 cases with elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. AB - Serum constituents were analyzed in 350 pregnant women in their third trimester. Results were compared with those from a group of 65 non-pregnant women. Significant differences between the two groups were found for total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Grossly elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were found in 4 subjects from the pregnant group. The source of this elevation was the placenta and placental damage was the probable cause. PMID- 7296820 TI - Plasma estrogens in the assessment of fetoplacental function. AB - A retrospective study has been undertaken to assess the diagnostic value of plasma estriol (E3) determinations, as compared with determinations of other biochemical parameters, in predicting the outcome of pregnancy. The normal levels of plasma unconjugated and total E3 were determined on weekly samples obtained during the third trimester of 258 normal pregnancies. Weekly concurrent specimens of plasma and 24-hour urine collections were obtained from 17 high-risk pregnancies associated with hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation and diabetes. Determination of plasma unconjugated and total E3 were made along with human placental lactogen (HPL), urinary E3, and other biophysical parameters such as the oxytocin challenge test, non-stressed test, ultrasonography, etc. The results of plasma E3 were not reported nor used for the clinical management of the patient. The data suggests that weekly plasma determinations were of little value in the assessment of feto-placental status. Some observations on the extent of variability of plasma E3 are discussed. PMID- 7296822 TI - Determination of trace elements in human serum by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. AB - A system of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) has been described to measure the concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, bromine, selenium and arsenic in human serum of healthy adults. Methods of sample preparations, standardization, and analysis have been presented. Data have been presented to show the accuracy, precision and sensitivity of the EDXRF system. The major advantages of using this system for the determination of trace elements in biological tissues are the relatively small sample size, ease of sample preparation, and the ability to perform rapid multi-element analysis on a single sample. The need for multi-element analysis has become apparent from the increased knowledge of trace element interactions in biological systems. The EDXRF system provides a solution for this need. Although the present system was applied only to the measurement of six elements, in principle the concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Ni and Ti could also be routinely determined with improvements in technology and sensitivity. PMID- 7296821 TI - Quantitation of lipid profiles from isolated serum lipoproteins using small volumes of human serum. AB - Methodology is described that isolates the individual serum lipoproteins, VLDL, LDL and HDL and quantitates the free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipid classes in each fraction using 2-3 mL of serum. The determination of the methyl esters of fatty acids from the various lipid classes is described. The lipoproteins are isolated by non-linear density ultracentrifugation using 1 mL of serum per swinging bucket. The lipids are obtained by solvent extraction. The cholesterol, cholesterol esters and triglycerides are separated by TLC using a petroleum ether:diethyl ether system and the phospholipids are separated using a chloroform:methanol system. All lipid classes are quantitatively determined and recovery data are presented. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles of the lipid classes using GLC is described. The methodology can be adapted to partial determination if in-depth studies are not required. PMID- 7296823 TI - Detection of G6PD and pyruvate kinase deficiencies in reticulocytosis by reference to erythrocyte creatine. AB - Erythrocyte activities of G6PD and PK, referenced to creatine content, are presented as a means to detect enzyme deficiencies despite the presence of variable proportions of young erythrocytes in the assayed cell population. Lysate enzyme activities, creatine and hemoglobin concentrations, and whole blood reticulocyte counts were determined on 110 samples from 87 patients with a variety of anemias, including two pyruvate kinase deficient, three G6PD deficient, and four proven G6PD heterozygotes. Highest correlations were obtained between log of G6PD activity/g hemoglobin and lysate creatine, and between PK activity/g hemoglobin and lysate creatine. Ninety-five percent limits for this population are presented for creatine concentrations to 28 mg/dl, corresponding to 20% reticulocyte count. In addition to providing reference intervals appropriate to the suspect patient population, the data afford greater confidence in detecting partial enzyme deficiencies concomitant with other hemolytic processes, such as hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 7296824 TI - The performance of protein, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase electrophoresis as part of a hospital admission screening procedure. AB - The practice of pre-admission hospital laboratory testing has been criticized as inefficient and cost ineffective. Laboratory screening is frequently condemned without regard for the possibility that a particular screening protocol may be poorly conceived and inadequate. To increase the specificity of our screening procedure to answer some questions raised by results of total enzyme and protein results, we have adapted the Nerenberg "sandwich" technique for multi-sample, simultaneous electrophoresis of sera for proteins, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. Twenty-six samples can be analyzed per hour by one technician at a total cost of about $1.00 per specimen. Results are interpreted visually without densitometry. Addition of the technique to our laboratory screening procedure has produced a demonstrable increase in test specificity and sensitivity. There is also a potential for a significant reduction in laboratory costs through anticipation and reduction of individually-performed electrophoretic techniques. PMID- 7296825 TI - Noise levels in hospital laboratories. Are they a problem and can they be reduced? AB - In this paper the question of noise level in laboratories was considered and the results of noise level measurements made in various areas of chemistry, hematology and microbiology laboratories in 15 hospitals in the Western New York area were presented. It was concluded that even though the measured noise levels were within the limits set by OSHA, they were sometimes quite high and should be reduced whenever possible. PMID- 7296826 TI - A simple device for ultrafiltration of serum under controlled pH. AB - A simple device for the production of serum ultrafiltrates under controlled conditions of pH is described. The device has been tested for the values obtained in normal human subjects are reported. PMID- 7296827 TI - Improved HPLC analysis for anticonvulsant drugs employing radial compression columns. PMID- 7296829 TI - Polycytidylate hydrolysing ribonuclease activity of human pancreatic secretions. PMID- 7296828 TI - The measurement of creatinine: a comparison between the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer II and the Selective Analyzer GSA IID. AB - The measurement of creatinine by two Jaffe-based procedures is described. In comparing the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer II and the Greiner Selective Analyzer GSA IID, better between-day precision was observed with the former. Percentage recovery of creatinine added to serum was quantitative for the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer II and 92-95% for the Greiner Selective Analyzer. The Greiner Selective Analyzer employs a serum blank and for this reason interference produced by pseudo-Jaffe chromogens in the measurement of creatinine was far less significant than the corresponding interferences observed with the Beckman Creatinine Analyzer II. Comparison of results obtained on 100 sera and 40 urine samples provided correlation coefficients of 0.998 and 0.997 respectively. PMID- 7296830 TI - Isolation of drugs from blood serum by the Du Pont Prep I Automated Sample Processor and a C18 bonded phase adsorption column. AB - We describe a fast and efficient method for the isolation of drugs from blood serum by use of the DU PONT PREP I Automated Sample Processor and octadecyl bonded phase columns. Drugs are selectively adsorbed onto C18 bonded phase and eluted with methanol. The recovered residue is essentially free of sample matrix chromogens and shows very low background on thin layer chromatography. It is also suitable for analysis by gas liquid chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. Recovery of drugs added to serum is greater than 90 per cent for most drugs studied which include weakly acidic, neutral and alkaline drugs. The method offers tremendous savings to the user in time and dollars, since it is fully automated from the extraction step to the drying of the extract, and the columns are reusable at least 10 times. Up to 12 samples can be processed simultaneously in less than 60 minutes. PMID- 7296831 TI - Clinical evaluation of two fast methods for creatine kinase isoenzyme assay. AB - Sixty patients admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit were evaluated serially for the presence of CK-MB by electrophoresis and by two comparative fast methods each involving a minimal amount of procedural steps. Immunoinhibition was run manually and by centrifugal analysis. Batch ion-exchange was run in an automated fashion. Correlation among the three methods was good. Further, all three methods displayed excellent accuracy with diagnostic efficiencies ranging from 90% (batch ion-exchange) to 95% (electrophoresis). Utilization of the immunoinhibition reagent on a centrifugal analyzer gave high throughput and reliable results. PMID- 7296832 TI - The TYCHO system for computer analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns. AB - We describe here a computer system for the analysis of high-resolution two dimensional gel-electrophoresis patterns, with some initial applications. The system (called TYCHO) comprises programs for image acquisition, background subtraction and smoothing, spot detection, gaussian spot modeling, and pattern matching and comparison. It is based on a conventional minicomputer, but makes extensive use of a high-speed array processor in the image-processing and modeling steps. Used in concert with the ISO-DALT two-dimensional electrophoresis system (Anal. Biochem. 85:331-354, 1978), TYCHO allows quantitative measurement of hundreds of proteins in complex biological samples, and constitutes the initial data-reduction system required for work towards a Human Protein Index. PMID- 7296833 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1: changes during the first day after acute myocardial infarction. AB - We studied the time course of change of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-1 (LD-1) in serum of patients suspected of having had an acute myocardial infarction. LD-1 was measured at intervals of 4-8 h during the first and second hospital days, by an immunochemical method. Of the 65 patients in this study, 26 had acute myocardial infarctions by traditional criteria. The ratio of LD-1 to total LD had greater diagnostic value than did LD-1 alone. In 90% of patients with myocardial infarction this ratio was increased within 12 h of admission, and all had increased ratios within 24 h. The false-positive rate was less than 1%, and an increased LD-1/total LD ratio had a predictive value of 96% for myocardial infarction. These results suggest that LD-1 is useful in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction on the first day of hospitalization. PMID- 7296838 TI - Bilirubin binding and neonatal acidosis. AB - Plasma of neonates with severe metabolic acidosis secondary to fetal hypoxia bound less bilirubin than that of neonates without acidosis, as determined by Sephadex gel filtration. There was a significant correlation between the amount of bilirubin adsorbed by Sephadex and the base deficit. The method used ruled out any influence of plasma pH per se on binding. Our results suggest that organic anions that accumulate in the plasma of asphyxiated acidotic neonates may compete with bilirubin for binding sites on albumin. PMID- 7296836 TI - Distribution of enzymes in dog heart and liver; significance for assessment of tissue damage from data on plasma enzyme activities. AB - When organ damage is assessed from activities of tissue enzymes in plasma, it is assumed that variations in tissue enzyme content, both among individuals and between different sites within an organ, are small. We checked these assumptions, using canine heart and liver. We determined creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1), and glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI; EC 5.3.1.9) in different sites of different hearts; the results showed CVs of 9.3, 9.1, 13.5, and 8.2%, respectively. A small transmural gradient in CK is found in the left ventricle. Determination of AST, GPI, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2) in different sites of different livers gave CVs of 12.5, 17.0, and 11.6%, respectively. Most of the total variation is interindividual. The unreliability of early data and conflicting reports on transmural myocardial enzyme gradients are discussed. We conclude that by use of proper enzymes, such as LD for the heart and ALT for the liver, organ damage can be estimated, although there are inherent problems in relating enzyme release to loss of tissue mass. PMID- 7296837 TI - A rapid electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for cadmium and lead in human whole blood. AB - A rapid graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric procedure is described for determining cadmium and lead in heparinized human whole blood. A known aliquot of the blood sample is diluted fivefold with an aqueous solution composed of 5 g each of diammonium hydrogen phosphate and Triton X-100 per liter, the solution is vigorously agitated, and a 10-microL aliquot is injected into a pyrocoated graphite tube under optimized instrumental conditions. Values for Cd and Pb in the sample are obtained by direct comparison to linear working curves prepared from aqueous standards of the metals in the diammonium hydrogen phosphate-Triton medium; there is no need to use the method of standard addition or matrix-matched calibration curves. Also, the method is free of matrix effects. At least 30 samples can be analyzed per hour. The rapidity, simplicity, and sensitivity of the method make it attractive as a screening technique for routine environmental surveillance involving large throughput of samples. PMID- 7296835 TI - Total surface-active phospholipid/sphingomyelin ratio as an index of fetal lung maturity. AB - As an index of fetal lung maturity, the ratio of total surface-active phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine + phosphatidylinositol + phosphatidyglycerol + lecithin) to sphingomyelin performs as well as or better than any other indicator that we tested, showing 92% sensitivity and 98% specificity. The sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the other methods were: (a) lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, 92% and 95%; (b) alkaline phosphatase/glutamyltransferase ratio, 100% and 49%; (c) microviscosity, 75% and 97%; and (d) adsorbance at 650 nm, 50% and 73%. The procedure requires 2 h or less and its simplicity allows it to be offered on a 24 h/day basis without necessitating special training. PMID- 7296834 TI - A multilaboratory-evaluated reference method for the determination of serum sodium. AB - We carried out a statistically designed, multilaboratory study to evaluate a flame atomic emission spectroscopic (FAES) method for serum sodium as a Reference Method. definitive values for the serum pools for the study, with sodium in the 110-160 mmol/L range, were determined at the National Bureau of Standards by an ion-exchange/gravimetry method. The multilaboratory FAES results were judged against the preselected performance criteria for the Reference Method: maximum imprecision 1.5 mmol/L, maximum bias 2.0 mmol/L. The standard error of a single laboratory's performance of the method varied with concentration from 0.46 to 0.86 mmol/L with a maximum bias of 1.0 mmol/L; thus, the criteria were satisfied. The cooperating laboratories performed the method with either manual or semi automated pipetting. Although both modes of pipetting satisfied our acceptability criteria, only the method with semi-automated pipetting is described here as the Reference Method. The statistical results indicate that the precision criterion can be fulfilled with fewer than four replicate analyses. PMID- 7296839 TI - Improved radioimmunoassay for creatine kinase isoenzymes in plasma. AB - We describe convenient and relatively rapid procedures for purifying creatine kinase isoenzymes MM, BB, and MB, and their use in an improved radioimmunoassay for creatine kinase isoenzymes in plasma. The modifications include use of: (a) BB with a specific activity of 400 kU/g, which can be labeled with a specific radioactivity of 20 Ci/g; (b) albumin-free purified MB as inhibitor; (c) antiserum to MB creatine kinase; and (d) a second-antibody technique that necessitates only a 15-min incubation. The radioimmunoassay for MB has a sensitivity of 0.2 microgram/L (80 mU/L) and a CV of less than 5%. Plasma MB average 22 (SD 12) microgram/L in 200 normal subjects; 24 (SD 12) microgram/L in 200 patients with chest pain without infarction; and 23 (SD 7) microgram/L in 43 patients with renal disease, whether measured before or after dialysis. Peak values for plasma MB averaged 191 (SD 86) microgram/L in 325 patients with documented myocardial infarction; BB was negligible. Extensive clinical experience indicates the radioimmunoassay to be suitably rapid, highly sensitive, and reliable as a diagnostic assay for MB in plasma. PMID- 7296840 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of guanidino compounds in plasma and erythrocyte of normal persons and uremic patients. AB - We describe a method for determination of guanidino compounds in plasma and erythrocytes. The compounds are separated by liquid chromatography, the concentrations in the effluent being estimated fluorometrically (Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs 24: 61, 1978). Guanidinoacetic acid, guanidinosuccinic acid, guanidinobutyric acid, guanidine, methylguanidine, taurocyamine, and arginine can be detected and quantitated in both plasma and erythrocytes from healthy individuals. The method was also applied to patients in chronic renal failure. Guanidinosuccinic acid, creatinine, guanidine, and methylguanidine are substantially increased in the plasma and erythrocytes of the uremic patient. Guanidino compounds can be effectively extracted from plasma with 0.5 volume of 300 g/L trichloroacetic acid, from erythrocytes with five volumes of 120 g/L trichloroacetic acid. PMID- 7296841 TI - Determination of hemoglobin derivatives with IL 282 CO-oximeter as compared with a manual spectrophotometric five-wavelength method. AB - Hemoglobin derivatives as determined with the IL 282 CO-Oximeter correlated well with results by a manual five-wavelength method, which in turn had been checked against established methods for one or two derivatives. Measurement of total hemoglobin yielded almost identical results with both methods. As for oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and hemiglobin, agreement between the two methods was fair. Although the IL 282 CO-Oximeter has not been constructed for the determination of sulfhemoglobin, it appeared that the instrument can still give a strong indication as to the presence of this hemoglobin derivative. Results from the IL 282 for fetal human blood should be used with caution, especially because of the possibility of falsely high HbCO readings. PMID- 7296842 TI - Reversed-phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass fragmentography compared for determination of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. AB - We compare measurement of the tricyclic antidepressants desipramine, imipramine, nortryptaline, and amitryptaline by reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid chromatography and by gas chromatography/mass fragmentography. The liquid chromatographic procedure does not require ion-pairing reagents, and involves detection at 215 nm. The within-day and between-day CVs for this method were less than 5% and less than 7%, respectively, and linear-regression analysis of peak height vs concentration for each of the drugs showed excellent correlation (r greater than 0.97) over the range 0-250 microgram/L. Potential interferences with the internal standard (N-desmethyldoxepin) and nortryptaline were oxazepam and N desmethyldiazepam, respectively, as shown by mass spectrometry. The interference could be circumvented by increasing the column temperature to 50 degrees C. We conclude that reversed-phase liquid chromatography with detection in the far ultraviolet wavelengths provides an alternative to gas-chromatographic procedures for the tricyclic antidepressants, provided the analyst has prior knowledge of the patient's other medications. PMID- 7296843 TI - Bratton-Marshall and liquid-chromatographic methods compared for determination of sulfamethazine acetylator status. AB - Synthesis of acetylsulfamethazine has made possible an evaluation of the Bratton Marshall assay for this compound. Hydrolysis is an essential step in the assay, which depends on color development with the sulfamethazine formed in the hydrolysis. Sulfamethazine decomposes under the conditions needed for hydrolysis of acetylsulfamethazine, and this leads to depressed values for acetylsulfamethazine and to low figures for clinical "percent acetylation." Because of this, a simple "high-pressure" liquid-chromatographic procedure was developed for the assay; it requires no hydrolysis, is rapid in application, and can be applied to as little as 10 microL of capillary blood obtained by finger-to puncture. We found that the cutoff point between "slow" and "fast" acetylators, when this method was used on samples from 75 subjects collected about 6 h after dosage, was 40% "acetylation" in plasma. PMID- 7296844 TI - Muscle protein analysis. III. Analysis of solubilized frozen-tissue sections by two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - Proteins from frozen histological sections of human muscle were analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Patterns so obtained were identical to those from whole homogenates of muscle prepared from frozen tissue powders that had much higher protein concentrations. To increase the number of proteins visible on gels of samples low in protein content, the gels were silver stained, or the proteins were labeled with [14C]iodoacetamide before electrophoresis and the gels were fluorographed. The latter method allow use of a single frozen-tissue section for two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis and brings the technique closer to practicable clinical use. PMID- 7296845 TI - New extraction method for radioimmunoassay of serum estradiol. AB - A new extraction procedure is applied here to radioimmunoassay of serum estradiol. Small columns packed with porous, grainy kieselguhr are loaded with the samples. The kieselguhr material acts as support for the water phase, from which the lipophilic compound estradiol is eluted with diethyl ether. With use of a specially constructed rack, several columns can be handled simultaneously, which makes the procedure convenient for routine use: 40 columns can be processed in about 30 min, including application of samples, elution, and evaporation of solvent. The results correlate well (r = 0.98) with those by conventional liquid liquid extraction, and the new method has lower interassay coefficients of variation. When tritiated estradiol in water solution was applied onto the columns, 97.7% was recovered in the extract. The current cost of materials used for the extraction is about $0.20 per column. PMID- 7296846 TI - Fluorometric determination of quinidine. PMID- 7296848 TI - Evidence for formation of bicarbonate complexes with Na+ and K+ under physiological conditions. PMID- 7296847 TI - Theophylline determination by "high-pressure" liquid chromatography. PMID- 7296849 TI - Analytical goals for quantitative urine analysis: a clinical view. PMID- 7296852 TI - Monitoring serum thiopental concentrations by liquid chromatography. PMID- 7296851 TI - No ultrafast alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme? PMID- 7296850 TI - Methods for suppressing the "chemical" interference of bilirubin in reactions for detecting hydrogen peroxide by use of peroxidase. PMID- 7296853 TI - Electrophoresis: cellulose acetate vs agarose gel, visual inspection vs densitometry. PMID- 7296854 TI - Paracetamol interference with glucose analyzer. PMID- 7296855 TI - Calculator program for weighted logit-log radioimmunoassay data reduction. PMID- 7296856 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin and serum proteins: semi-automated estimation. PMID- 7296857 TI - Origins of protein electrophoresis on paper. PMID- 7296858 TI - Rapid chylomicron detection by centrifugation. PMID- 7296859 TI - Interference of tylenol with liquid-chromatography of urinary catecholamines. PMID- 7296860 TI - Effect of heparinized plasma on results for CK-MB with the aca. PMID- 7296861 TI - Hair as the sample in assessing morphine and cocaine addiction. PMID- 7296862 TI - Cephalothin interferes in automated assays of plasma creatinine. PMID- 7296863 TI - Low serum creatine kinase activity in patients with alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 7296864 TI - Recycling immobilized antibodies. PMID- 7296866 TI - Carryover between internal standards in the Nova 2 ionized calcium analyzer. PMID- 7296867 TI - Relative merits of one- and two-dimensional TLC of phospholipids in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7296865 TI - Temperature independence of glycohemoglobin (Hb A1) determination by agar gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7296868 TI - Bayes' theorem and quantitative clinical chemical determination. PMID- 7296869 TI - Reversal of hypotension with naloxone. PMID- 7296871 TI - Verrucous squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina; case report. Report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7296870 TI - Red cell transfusions in autoimmunized patients. PMID- 7296872 TI - Spectrum of M-mode echocardiographic findings in total anomalous pulmonary venous return. AB - The results of our study, which is the largest reported M-mode echocardiographic study in pediatric patients with TAPVR, demonstrate that the M-mode echocardiographic findings mirror the varied clinical spectrum of this disease. In the older patients who are acyanotic and have a left-to-right shunt, the echocardiographic findings are those of a right ventricular volume overload. In the newborn group, particularly in those with pulmonary venous obstruction with TAPVR below the diaphragm, the echocardiographic signs are those of pulmonary hypertension with a dilated right heart, and one may note a small-appearing left atrium. TAPVR will remain a challenge in the newborn. The M-mode echocardiographic findings are not specific in this particular lesion. Perhaps newer techniques of echocardiographic imaging with the use of two-dimensional echocardiography will improve our diagnostic capabilities. PMID- 7296874 TI - Evaluation of different progesterone-isoluminol conjugates for chemiluminescence immunoassay. AB - The effect of varying the length of the alkyl bridge linking the chemiluminescent label isoluminol to progesterone on the light yield and binding affinity of progesterone chemiluminescent-marker conjugates was investigated. For this purpose five different derivatives of isoluminol, aminoethyl isoluminol (AEI), aminoethylethyl isoluminol (AEEI), aminobutyl isoluminol (ABI), aminobutyl-ethyl isoluminol (ABEI) and aminoethyl-ethyl isoluminol (AHEI) were covalently linked through a peptide bond to progesterone-11 alpha -hemisuccinate (P-11-HS). The resulting progesterone chemiluminescent-marker conjugates were then evaluated as potential labels for the development of an immunoassay based on monitoring chemiluminescence. These conjugates were able to compete with tritiated progesterone for the binding sites of an antibody raised against progesterone-11 alpha-HS bovine serum albumin, and they showed higher affinity than unaltered progesterone. These conjugates produced light upon oxidation by a hydrogen peroxide-microperoxidase system. The chemiluminescent reaction was optimized in terms of pH, concentration of oxidant, catalyst and conjugate design. Under optimal conditions, all the conjugates were detectable at femtomolar levels. The lowest detection limit was obtained using P-11-HS-ABEI (0.1 fmol). These results indicated that immunoassay techniques based on chemiluminescence can be developed with these labels. PMID- 7296873 TI - Endosalpingiosis. AB - The origin of psammoma bodies in cul-de-sac fluid must always be explained. Multiple, histologically benign, predominantly peritoneal foci of tubal-like epithelium are described in a woman with endometriosis and psammoma bodies in the cul-de-sac fluid. Because no primary ovarian neoplasm was present, the diagnosis of endosalpingiosis was made. The pathogenesis and significance of endosalpingiosis are discussed. PMID- 7296875 TI - Luminescent immunoassay (LIA) for progesterone in a heterogeneous system. AB - An immunoassay procedure for determination of progesterone in human plasma is described which utilizes chemiluminescence as the endpoint. The assay utilized progesterone-11-hemisuccinate-aminobutyl-ethyl-isoluminol (P-11-HS-ABEI) as the chemiluminescent marker conjugate and dextran coated charcoal for the separation of bound and free fractions of the ligand. An assay procedure for progesterone was established and validated in terms of sensitivity and precision, and assay results were compared with radioimmunoassay, using tritiated progesterone as the tracer. The two methods agreed well (n=35, r=0.96). The most important advantage of this assay is the elimination of problems inherent in the use of radioactive materials. PMID- 7296876 TI - Use of the microanalytical system KAPA for serial determinations of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in capillary plasma. AB - Enzymatic methods adapted to the KAPA system can be carried out in a final test volume of less than 10 mu 1. The procedure is mechanized, including the pre analytical steps. Day-to-day precision is 2-6% C.V. for single determinations. Advantages of the technique are: (1) capillary plasma can be used; (2) reagent waste is reduced by about two orders of magnitude compared to common procedures, and (3) 400 specimens can be assayed by one technician per day. These conditions facilitate serial determinations, large scale screening, or repetitive monitoring of values in a group of individuals. PMID- 7296877 TI - Assay of fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase in human liver-deficient activity in a case of hereditary tyrosinemia. AB - The activity of human liver fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase (EC 3.7.1.2) has been determined with fumarylacetoacetate as substrate. The Km was found to be 1.3 mu mol/l. Subcellular fractionation showed localization of the enzyme in the particle-free supernatant (cytosol). ZnCl2, CuCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoic acid had a marked inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity, but no inhibition was observed with a number of anions and substrate analogs. Fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydorlase activity in liver tissue from a patient with hereditary tyrosinemia was found to be less 2% of the controls. The assay is applicable to 3 mg of liver tissue which may be obtained by needle biopsy. PMID- 7296880 TI - A specific method for determination of total ascorbic acids in urine by the alpha,alpha'- dipyridyl method. AB - Application ot the alpha,alpha'- dipyridyl method for determination of ascorbic acid in urine is described. The urine sample was acidified with trichloracetic acid and shaken with activated carbon to remove interfering substances. The acid filtrate was first neutralized (pH 7.0) by adding Na2HPO4. The dehydroascorbic acid was then reduced back to ascorbic acid by incubation with dithiothreitol. After removal of the excess dithiothreitol with N-ethylmaleimide, ascorbic acid was determined by measuring the reduction of ferric ion. The ferrous ion produced was coupled to alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl in the presence of H3PO4. Ferrous ion in urine samples, which theoretically interferes with the method, was removed by a combination of Na2HPO4 and H3PO4. PMID- 7296879 TI - Determination of free and conjugated catecholamines and L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine in plasma and urine: evidence for a catechol-O methyltransferase inhibitor in uraemia. AB - A sensitive, accurate and reproducible method has been developed for the determination of free and conjugated catecholamines and L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine in plasma and urine. The assay involves the enzymatic conversion of these compounds to their radio-labelled O-methylated derivatives using catechol-O-methyltransferase and S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-(3)H]methionine. Recoveries of 75 + /- 5% for dopamine, 70 + /- 5% for adrenaline and 65 + /- 5% for noradrenaline were obtained. The sensitivities were 0.5 pg for adrenaline and noradrenaline and 5-7 pg for dopamine, and dihydroxyphenylalanine. Measurements of conjugated catecholamines were performed after mild acid hydrolysis for 20 min at 95 degrees C. During this procedure no degradation of the catecholamines was observed. This assay led to the discovery of a dialyzable factor in the plasma of chronic uraemic patients which inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in vitro. The mean 22% inhibition observed for unhydrolyzed plasma increased to 42% after hydrolysis. The identity of this inhibitor which exists as an inactive conjugated form, probably a sulphate ester, and its implication in physiopathological disorders remain to be established. PMID- 7296878 TI - An improved method for the determination of aldehyde dehydrogenase in human liver biopsies using gas chromatography. PMID- 7296881 TI - Serum lysosomal hydrolases and immunoglobulin levels in sickle cell trait. PMID- 7296882 TI - Application of cellulose acetate electrophoresis to globin chain separation for antenatal diagnosis of beta thalassemia. AB - Application of cellulose acetate electrophoresis to globin chain separation for antenatal diagnosis of beta thalassemia has been studied. A good correlation between an electrophoretic and a chromatographic method on carboxymethylcellulose was found and the diagnoses suggested by both methods were always coincident. The electrophoretic method was also utilized for HbS/beta-thalassemia diagnosis. PMID- 7296883 TI - Developmental aspects of pteridine metabolism and relationships with phenylalanine metabolism. AB - Large variations of pteridine elimination occur in childhood, due to the ontogenic development of the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin. The main feature is the slow maturation of biopterin synthesis whereas neopterin synthesis is high at birth; thus a high neopterin to biopterin ratio (4.4 +/- 2.1) occurs in the neonatal period, a ratio which then decreases to adult values (0.5 +/- 0.2). Comparing pteridine elimination of PKU patients with that of controls of the same age, a high excretion of biopterin and, to a lesser extent, of neopterin is found. In normal subjects, following an oral phenylalanine load, biopterin levels in urine and serum also increase, whereas variations of neopterin concentration are small. In rats, phenylalanine also leads to an increase of serum biopterin whereas liver biopterin decreases. This suggests that the main explanation for the biopterin increase in serum and in urine by phenylalanine is a release of the intracellular biopterin by the aminoacid. PMID- 7296884 TI - Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase by bismuth. AB - The interaction of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) with bismuth was studied. Among the tested alkaline phosphatases, bismuth was found to be the most effective inhibitor of the placental enzyme. Partial denaturation of the placental enzyme by papain digestion had little effect, if any, on the inhibition. Bismuth inhibition of the placental enzyme activity was more progressive with mixed glycosidase treatment than with sialidase treatment. The pH activity profile of the mixed glycosidase-treated placental enzyme was clearly shifted in the presence of bismuth. The mixed glycosidase-treated placental enzyme/bismuth mixture was more heat labile than the non-treated placental enzyme. Based on the results of kinetic studies, the inhibition mechanism of the placental enzyme by bismuth was shown to be of the competitive type, and the Ki value and Hill coefficient of the mixed glycosidase-treated placental enzyme was found to be 92 mu mol/l and 2.25, respectively. L-Phenylalanine does not interfere with the inhibitory effect of bismuth on alkaline phosphatase. Inorganic phosphate, on the other hand, appears to disturb bismuth bindings. PMID- 7296885 TI - alpha-L-Fucosidase in cystic fibrosis: analysis of skin fibroblasts and liver. AB - The lysosomal enzyme alpha-L-fucosidase has been examined by thin layer gel and column isoelectric focusing in skin fibroblasts and liver from patients with cystic fibrosis and controls. All three common phenotypes of the enzyme were observed in both control and CF fibroblasts. When individuals of the same alpha-L fucosidase phenotype were compared, no major differences between the isozyme profiles of cystic fibrosis patients and controls were detected in either fibroblasts or liver tissue. PMID- 7296886 TI - Preparation of fingernails for trace element analysis. AB - There are substantial differences in the reported elemental composition of human nails. Most investigators have used extensive washing procedures to minimize environmental contamination, however, such washing poses the risk of extraction of elements bound to the nail matrix. To determine if a portion of this variability could be accounted for by the "washing solutions" used by different investigators, nails were washed in nine solvents previously used for cleaning nails and their residual elemental composition measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy or energy dispersion analysis. In general, treatment with organic solvents resulted in less elemental loss than did treatment with aqueous detergents, while aqueous acids caused the greatest loss. Organic solvents more readily extracted iron and magnesium than calcium, copper and zinc. Virtually all of the magnesium was extracted by distilled water or aqueous detergents. PMID- 7296887 TI - Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in infantile, late infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. AB - The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses are characterized by a widespread deposit in the body of pigments believed to be end products of lipid peroxidation damaged organelles. CuZn superoxide dismutase, Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, enzymes which conceivably might protect against lipid peroxidation, were investigated in blood cells from patients afflicted with infantile, late infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. In some cases the enzymic activities were slightly lower than the activities of the controls, but no deficiencies which might be of etiolgical importance were revealed. PMID- 7296888 TI - HDL3 and HDL2 determination by a combined ultracentrifugation and precipitation procedure. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate a method to separate lipoproteins by ultracentrifugation simultaneously at density 1.006 and 1.125. This procedure combined with heparin-MnCl2 precipitation would facilitate the simultaneous determination of lipid levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and its main subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3, including very high density lipoproteins (VHDL)) and of very low (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions. Centrifugation at 105 500 X g (mean) for 24 h in a Beckman L5-50 ultracentrifuge with a Ti50 rotor seemed to give an adequate separation. The correlation coefficients for duplicate samples were 0.95 and 0.96 for HDL3-cholesterol and HDL3-phospholipids, respectively. The error of the method for HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 lipids was around half that of the intra-individual variation and comparable to the results for determination of conventional lipoprotein fractions. Therefore the suggested method seems applicable for evaluation of HDL2 and HDL3 levels in selected clinical material. PMID- 7296889 TI - Fast hemoglobin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency as artefacts imputable to an anticoagulant added to the blood sample. PMID- 7296890 TI - Excretion of N-isovalerylglutamic acid in isovaleric acidemia. PMID- 7296891 TI - Enzymatic isotopic assay for human plasma histamine. PMID- 7296892 TI - Development and application of a simple radioimmunoassay for urinary aldosterone. AB - A simple, economical and direct assay was developed to measure aldosterone in urine, using aldosterone antibody of high specificity and gamma labelled ligand. The assay allows the direct measurement of aldosterone in 100 microliters aliquots of urine after acid hydrolysis. It does not require preliminary solvent extraction and purification steps and hence a large number of samples in a single batch can be assayed simultaneously. An excellent correlation was obtained between the results of the direct assay and the levels measured after extraction and paper chromatography. (Y = 0.97X + 0.89, r = 0.99, p less than 0.001) or after extraction alone (Y = 0.98X + 1.75, r = 0.99, p less than 0.001). The coefficients of variation for inter-assay and intra-assay determinations of samples from normal and high urine pools were 4.2-6.5% and 5.6-9.8%, respectively. Total urinary aldosterone excretion in 21 normal subjects on unrestricted sodium diet ranged from 3.8-20.2 micrograms/24 h (10.5-55.0 nmol/24 h) with a mean of 12.5 +/- 4.6 (SD) micrograms/24 h (34.7 +/- 12.8 (SD) nmol/24h). PMID- 7296893 TI - The application of a sensitive uricase-peroxidase couple reaction to a centrifugal fast analyser for the determination of uric acid. AB - A uricase-peroxidase coupled system, for the determination of uric acid, applied to a CentrifiChem-500 centrifugal fast analyser is described. Relatively large amounts of ascorbic acid, due to the inclusion of an ascorbate oxidase urine diluent, and hemoglobin appear not to interfere with the procedure while the incorporation of potassium ferrocyanide into the reagents has led to the near total elimination of bilirubin interference. The incubation period is relatively short compared with other similar procedures and the one reagent system has made the procedure simple to perform. The use of sodium 2-hydroxy-3,5 dichlorobenzenesulfonate and 4-aminoantipyrene in the oxidative coupling reaction has incorporated the advantages of increased sensitivity, over phenol-4 aminoantipyrene systems, as well as the amenability of the reagent towards lyophilization or "dry-fill". PMID- 7296894 TI - Phospholipid and cholesterol differences amongst leukemic cell types with special reference to hairy cell leukemia: a preliminary report. AB - Whole cell cholesterol and phospholipid content was determined for ten patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Malignant cells from HCL patients contained 0.412 mumol/10(8) whole cells is compared to 0.177 mumol/10(8) whole cells for CLL cells; the total phospholipid concentrations were 0.746 and 0.469 mumol/10(8) whole cells respectively (p less than 0.001). Phospholipid sub-types were determined by thin layer chromatography. The percentages of sphingomyelin (HCL-16.2%, CLL-8.2%) and phosphatidylcholine (HCL-46.0%, CLL-55.1%) differed significantly between the two diseases (p less than 0.05, respectively). The novel finding in our study is that HCL cells are enriched two- to three-fold in sphingomyelin (expressed on a mumol/g protein basis) at the expense of phosphatidylcholine when compared to Cll cells (a PC/SM ratio of 2.9 in HCL compared to 6.5 in CLL). Increases in the total amount of cholesterol and phospholipid as well as in the selective portions of the individual phospholipids could reflect and, possibly, result in the unique membrane architecture of the hairy cell. PMID- 7296895 TI - Methodological assessment of assays for red cell sodium concentration and sodium dependent lithium efflux. AB - Assays for red cell sodium concentration and sodium-dependent lithium efflux were studied from a methodological point of view. The technical errors for sodium concentration--based on concurrent analysis of randomized blind duplicate samples -was 2.5% and for lithium efflux 6.4%. Based on repeated measures in the same individual, the assays were stable over time and reproducible; individual differences at a mean interval of 16 days were not significantly different. A wait of two hours from time of phlebotomy to analysis yielded a slight (3.8%) but significant fall in the sodium concentration; no further change was found at four hours. No change occurred in the lithium efflux over time. A standardized breakfast containing 664 mg sodium did not affect the measurements when fasting and three-hour postprandial levels were compared. The ratios of intra- to inter individual variance were small--0.04 for red cell sodium concentration and 0.09 for sodium-stimulated lithium efflux. These assays appear to be reproducible and stable and can be applied in large scale field trials. PMID- 7296897 TI - Heparin effect on ionised calcium concentration. AB - The effect of heparin on plasma ionised calcium was studied by adding it in increasing amounts to whole blood from 10 normal subjects. There was no significant change in ionised calcium from the addition of 1 U/ml but a significant fall of 0.02 mmol/l when 2 U/ml were added and a progressive further fall with increasing concentrations. Heparin from three different manufacturers produced similar results. The effect of heparinisation in vivo was studied during regular haemodialysis on 10 patients with chronic renal failure. Following intravenous injection of 10 000 U of heparin there was a consistent and significant fall averaging 0.03 mmol/l. PMID- 7296898 TI - A rapid and inexpensive radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone utilizing the Wide-principle in combination with an improved separation technique. AB - A radioimmunoassay of PTH which utilizes the "Wide-principle", i.e. a low concentration of antibody and a very high concentration of label, is presented. The detection limit was 0.06 micrograms/l. S-PTH in a reference group (n = 30) was 0.06-0.6 micrograms/l and the coefficient of variation was 7 and 11% at 0.8 micrograms/l (intra-day and inter-day variation). The duration of the assay is two days. The separation system involves precipitation with 20% PEG, re suspension of the precipitate in saline followed by re-precipitation with PEG. The non-specifically bound radioactivity is reduced to 2-5%. The assay is relatively insensitive to variations in non-specifically bound radioactivity and "incubation damage". It is suitable for use in a routine laboratory for the evaluation of parathyroid gland function under various conditions. An important property of the assay is that antibody consumption is reduced, with consequent reduction in overall costs. PMID- 7296896 TI - Urinary excretion of succinylacetone and delta-aminolevulinic acid in patients with hereditary tyrosinemia. AB - Succinylacetone was excreted in the urine from four patients, with hereditary tyrosinemia i.e., two patients with the severe infantile type with fatal outcome and two patients with less severe juvenile form. In the urine from two patients with neonatal transient tyrosinemia and from normal individuals succinylacetone was not detectable. The urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid was also increased in all patients with hereditary tyrosinemia compared to patients with neonatal transient tyrosinemia and to normal individuals. The results presented support the hypothesis of a deficiency of fumarylacetoacetase in hereditary tyrosinemia. Furthermore an analytical method for the quantitative determination of succinylacetone in urine using GC-MS is described. PMID- 7296899 TI - Determination of acetaldehyde in human blood by a gas chromatographic method with negligible artefactual acetaldehyde formation. AB - A method is described for determination of acetaldehyde in blood by head space gas chromatography. The method utilizes sodium nitrite-sulfosalicylic acid as an inhibitor of the ethanol oxidizing systems by means of which the interference of ethanol is reduced considerably. The detection limit was 0.4 mumol/l, the recovery 101.5 +/- 5.2% and the coefficient of variation was 7.8% (1.5 mumol/1 acetaldehyde). There was no disappearance of acetaldehyde if the head space vials were kept at -20 degree C for 24 h. In the comparison study with the semicarbazide method our results were 0.7-4.1 mumol/l lower. The values for acetaldehyde in blood after ethanol ingestion (0.5 g/kg) by volunteers were 0.5 1.3 mumol/l. PMID- 7296900 TI - Comments on an optimized assay for red cell pyruvate kidney deficiency. PMID- 7296901 TI - Use of small urine samples to monitor pregnanediol excretion in normal women: measurement of pregnanediol to oestrogen ratios. PMID- 7296902 TI - Serum ferritin by a rapid and inexpensive ELISA method. PMID- 7296903 TI - A modified spectrophotometric method for determination of nanogram quantities of sialic acid. PMID- 7296904 TI - Blood-spot 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone radioimmunoassay in the follow-up of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - The value of plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP) concentration in monitoring the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was studied by using a capillary blood micromethod. The blood-spot 17-OHP radioimmunoassay method involves serial sampling throughout the day and sending the samples into the centre by mail. Follow-up of seven children treated for CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency showed that a single measurement of plasma 17-OHP concentration cannot be relied upon to determine adequacy of control, since circadian variation and timing of the sample in relation to the last dose of glucocorticoid may influence the plasma level of 17 alpha-OHP. Our data confirm the value of sequential 17 alpha-OHP assays throughout the day in the follow-up of CAH. With the blood-spot method the 17 alpha-OHP determinations can be used on a wide scale for monitoring therapy. PMID- 7296905 TI - Growth hormone treatment in children with craniopharyngioma: final growth status. AB - Twenty-seven out of thirty craniopharyngioma patients treated with human growth hormone (hGH) for 2 years or more (average 4.5 years) reached final adult heights above the population third centile, though none was above the fiftieth centile. However, only twelve of twenty-eight patients had final heights above the lower limits to be expected from their parents' heights. All patient eventually had long legs relative to sitting height (final mean subischial leg length SDS = + 0.2, final mean sitting height SDS = -3.0). Twenty-nine patients were TSH deficient, twenty-two were ACTH-deficient, thirteen were deficient in ADH and all had total (85%) or partial (15%) gonadotrophin deficiency. Following the administration of testosterone or hCG the boys had, on average, only half the normal adolescent growth spurt. This may have been due to the lateness of starting androgens in these patients and we recommend, when considering height, that testosterone or hCG should be started when a bone age of 13.0 "years' is reached or when a lower bone age has remained unchanged for a year. The girls showed adolescent height spurt; the average increase after oestrogen treatment commended was 1.7 cm. PMID- 7296906 TI - Acromegaly and pituitary adenoma with phaeochromocytoma: a variant of multiple endocrine neoplasia. AB - Two women ahd acromegaly due to a pituitary adenoma associated with phaeochromocytoma. Eight additional patients with this combination of tumours have been described by others. Our first patient had sustained hypertension, mild hypercalcaemia, and elevated basal levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin associated with malignant phaeochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. The second patient had episodic hypertension and normal basal serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin levels with a benign cystic phaeochromocytoma. Four of the ten patients died from causes related to the phaeochromocytoma. Three patients had parathyroid hyperplasia. A separate group of four patients with phaeochromocytoma and pituitary adenoma without acromegaly has also been reported. These fourteen patients probably represent a non-familial variant of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. Our findings suggest that acromegalic patients with hypertension should be screened for phaeochromocytoma. PMID- 7296909 TI - Clinical efficacy of testosterone undecanoate in male hypogonadism. AB - Testosterone undecanoate (Restandol, Organon Laboratories Ltd) dissolved in oleic acid, was administered orally to seventy-six hypogonadal males for three consecutive 3-week periods and the subjective clinical response assessed by a standard interview. Plasma testosterone and testosterone undecanoate levels were determined by radioimmunoassay before the study and after 3, 6 and 9 weeks treatment. The treatment was effective in sixty of the sixty-six patients who completed the trial. Ten patients did not complete the trial; two for reasons unrelated to the drug and eight because of side effects, mainly gastro intestinal. There was a significant rise in plasma testosterone levels during treatment and a positive correlation between plasma testosterone and testosterone undecanoate levels. Testosterone undecanoate is a potentially valuable drug for the oral treatment of male hypogonadism. PMID- 7296908 TI - The effect of propranolol on thyroid hormones in T3 toxicosis. AB - Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured before and during 6 months treatment with propranolol (160 mg/day) in eight patients with T3 (triiodothyronine) toxicosis. Serum total T3 concentrations showed a significant (p less than 0.01) and sustained fall to approximately 80% of pre-treatment values. Six of the patients, however, remained clinically and biochemically hyperthyroid and our data do not support the use of propranolol as sole therapy in T3 toxicosis. PMID- 7296907 TI - Effects of change in body posture on plasma and serum electrolytes in normal subjects and in primary aldosteronism. AB - We observed that change in body posture from the supine to the erect position in normal volunteers was associated with a rise in circulating potassium and a fall in sodium concentrations, irrespective of whether the electrolytes were measured in serum or plasma, or whether head-up tilt or ambulation was used. In patients with primary aldosteronism, the fall in serum sodium and rise in serum potassium with ambulation tended to obscure the characteristic electrolyte abnormalities of that syndrome. These changes in potassium and sodium could contribute to the rise in aldosterone secretion on orthostasis. The body posture of patients should be considered in the interpretation of plasma and serum electrolyte levels. PMID- 7296910 TI - [Pituitary surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296913 TI - [Surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296911 TI - [Treatment of thyroid cancer with 131I-results on 72 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296912 TI - [Treatment for the tracheal invasion of the thyroid cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296914 TI - [Endocrine therapy in breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296915 TI - [Hemoglobin A1 an an indicator of the metabolic control in maturity-onset diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296916 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin concentration in diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296917 TI - [Clinical significance of C-peptide in blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296918 TI - [Fundamental studies of the cretin TSH kit "Daiichi" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296919 TI - [Fundamental investigation of estradiol-3N-bis-(2-chloroethyl) carbamate-17 beta phosphate (Estracyt)-on the antiprostatic effect of this drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296923 TI - Two unusual G-band variants of the short arm of chromosome 9. PMID- 7296922 TI - [Clinical effects of labetalol in 21 patients with phaeochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296921 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of cretin TSH radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296920 TI - [Fundamental study and clinical application of glucagon kit "Daiichi" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296924 TI - The effect of haloperidol feeding on dopamine receptor number in ten mouse strains. AB - Mean DA receptor number in rats rises markedly after chronic haloperidol treatment, and this rise is accompanied by a significantly increased variance. The rise in DA receptor number has been proposed as a molecular model of human tardive dyskinesia. Since human tardive dyskinesia may involve pharmacogenetic susceptibility, ten inbred mouse strains were treated for 3 weeks with haloperidol and caudate DA receptor number was determined 4 days after cessation of feeding. Some strains showed much larger rises in DA receptor number than others, supporting the notion that genetic factors may be involved in the susceptibility to large DA receptor responses to chronic haloperidol. PMID- 7296926 TI - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in related families with schizophrenia. PMID- 7296925 TI - Biochemical genetics of neurotransmitter enzymes and receptors: relationships to schizophrenia and other major psychiatric disorders. AB - Genetic control of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes and dopamine receptors is described. The steady-state levels of each of the catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenal is regulated by a single genetic locus. The entire biosynthetic pathway gives the appearance of concerted inheritance under the control of a single locus. Mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine receptors are also genetically regulated. Preliminary evidence suggests that agonist binding sites differ from antagonist sites in both brain regions, and that the genetic controls, which are expressed on receptor site number, are independent in the two brain regions. PMID- 7296927 TI - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in psychotic twins. AB - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity was analyzed in 20 twin pairs, 6 monozygotic and 14 dizygotic, where one or both twins showed psychotic or prepsychotic symptoms. Fifteen of these pairs, 4 monozygotic and 11 dizygotic, were diagnosed as discordant for serious mental disturbance. The different psychotic states within twins did not seem to be associated with any difference in COMT activity. PMID- 7296929 TI - The inheritance of human erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity. PMID- 7296928 TI - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in a Swedish population. AB - Erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity has been analyzed in 185 individuals. The activities showed a trimodal frequency distribution. This suggests an autosomal codominant inheritance of the human erythrocyte COMT activity. The mean male COMT activity was 18.9 +/- 7.0 (S.D.) nmol/ml RBC/h. The mean female activity was 16.1 +/- 6.3 nmol/ml RBC/h and the frequency distribution pattern for women was shifted towards lower values. PMID- 7296931 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenic families - kinetic aspects. AB - Monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) was determined in platelets in samples from a North-Swedish pedigree with a high frequency of schizophrenia. The MAO assay was performed with phenethylamine as substrate and with two concentrations of oxygen (0.06 and 0.12 mM). A tendency to lowered Vmax and increased apparent Km values was observed among the schizophrenic subjects, although there were no statistically significant differences in apparent Km and Vmax values between schizophrenics and their non-schizophrenic relatives. PMID- 7296930 TI - Activity of platelet monoamine oxidase in apparently health subjects. AB - Monoamine oxidase activity was assayed in platelets from 32 apparently healthy subjects using phenethylamine as substrate and two concentrations of oxygen (0.06 and 0.12 mM). Apparent Km (microM) and Vmax (nmol/mg protein/5 min) values were estimated from double reciprocal plots. The means of the Km and Vmax values were both increased by a factor of about 1.6 when the oxygen concentration was elevated from 0.06 mM (Km = 2.96 and Vmax = 4.47) to 0.12 mM (Km = 4.82 and Vmax = 7.18). The frequency distribution of the Vmax values was not clearly unimodal, especially at the higher oxygen concentration. The Vmax values of the women were significantly higher than those of the men but no sex difference was obtained for the Km values. The overall velocity (v) at 10 microM phenethylamine was highly correlated to the Vmax values both at low and high oxygen concentrations (r = 0.99 and 0.98, respectively). PMID- 7296932 TI - Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in a North Swedish isolate with a high frequency of schizophrenia. AB - Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was determined in 115 members of a North Swedish geographical isolate with a high frequency of schizophrenia, of which 30 persons had schizophrenia, and was compared with a Middle Swedish population of 185 apparently healthy persons. There was no significant difference between the schizophrenic group and their healthy relatives or between the North and Middle-Swedish populations. The number of persons with very low plasma DBH activity in the North Swedish population appeared to be less than those in the control population. PMID- 7296933 TI - Thermal stability and the biochemical genetics of erythrocyte catechol-O-methyl transferase and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. AB - The levels of activity of human erythrocyte (RBC) catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) and human plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) are inherited in a monogenic fashion. The COMT in erythrocytes of subjects homozygous for the allele for low basal enzyme activity, COMTL, is more thermolabile than that in the erythrocytes of subjects with genetically high basal enzyme activity. This observation suggests that the locus COMT may represent the structural gene for COMT in man. Wide individual variations in the thermal stability of human plasma DBH also occur. There is a significant familial aggregation of the trait of thermolabile plasma DBH. Although subjects with thermolabile plasma DBH have average basal plasma DBH activity only about 55% of that of subjects with thermostable enzyme, the trait of thermolability does not cosegregate with DBHL, the allele for very low basal plasma DBH activity. Studies of thermal stability may help to increase our understanding of the biochemical basis of the genetic regulation of catecholamine enzymes in man. PMID- 7296934 TI - Monoamine oxidase, phenylethylamine, norepinephrine and schizophrenia. PMID- 7296936 TI - Lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase deficiency: autosomal recessive transmission in a large kindred. AB - Thirty-four members of a single Sardinian kindred with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency have been studied. The kindred spans four generations and the parents of the two affected siblings are blood relatives. Segregation of the acyltransferase deficiency gene in the family clearly demonstrated an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Thirteen family members, including all obligate heterozygotes, had roughly half-normal acyltransferase activities (mean +/- S.D. = 0.39 +/- 0.06 mU/ml) when compared to 17 intrafamilial controls and spouses (mean +/- S.D. = 0.72 +/- 0.09 mU/ml) and 40 blood donors from Marburg/Lahn (mean +/- S.D. =0.76 +/- 0.1 mU/ml). Characterization of the heterozygotes did not reveal abnormalities in their plasma lipoproteins. LCAT deficiency and the beta-thalassaemia trait coexisting in this kindred segregated independently. PMID- 7296937 TI - Interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 7 without craniosynostosis. AB - Two female infants with apparently identical interstitial deletions at bands p13 to p15 of chromosome 7 are presented. They differ in phenotype. The first infant has failure to thrive, retardation in development, normal head circumference with ridged metopic suture, blepharophimosis, epicanthal folds, mild hypotelorism, small low-set ears, and a bifid right toe. The second infant has a normal weight, length, and head circumference, blepharophimosis, epicanthal folds, widely spaced nipples, enlarged clitoris, and very large hands and feet. The two patients' clinical and karyotypic findings are compared with previous reports of structural abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 7. Of the three cases in the literature, craniosynostosis was present in the two patients with deletion of band 7p14. Our observations, thus, suggest that deletion of bands 7p13 to 7p15, in contrast to more distal deletions at band 7p2, is not associated with craniosynostosis. PMID- 7296935 TI - Dominant inheritance of velopharyngeal incompetence. AB - A family is described in which a girl, two boys and their father showed speech hypernasality. A half-sib, a grandfather, a great-aunt, and a cousin of these sibs also showed a similar speech defect. Analysis of recorded speech of the father and three sibs revealed articulation deficiencies in addition to hypernasality. Intra-oral examination and neurologic evaluation of the cranial nerves failed to reveal any abnormality in palate morphology or cranial nerve function. Psychometric and audiometric studies of the affected did not contribute to an explanation of the defect. Speech cinefluoroscopy and cephalometric radiographs confirmed that the speech defect involved velopharyngeal incompetence resulting from an anatomic disproportion of the velopharyngeal structures. The family pedigree supports the concept that this type of nasal speech, resulting from disproportion of velopharyngeal structures, is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 7296938 TI - Nearwork and familial resemblances in ocular refraction: a population study in Newfoundland. AB - There is considerable epidemiological evidence that the nearwork associated with formal education can cause myopia. The potential for nearwork and education, as aspects of common familial environment, to inflate resemblances among nuclear family members in ocular refraction, was therefore investigated in a sample of 957 persons aged 5 years and over, comprising approximately 80% of the population above that age in three communities on the west coast of Newfoundland. Refraction was evaluated using standard optometric methods, nearwork measured in hours/day as reported by each subject, education measured as last completed school grade in years. The effects of nearwork and education on refraction resemblances were evaluated by adjusting refraction for age and sex, then comparing correlations or regressions among relatives before and after further linear regression adjustment of refraction for nearwork and education. Reductions in sib-sib correlations and offspring-parent regressions were achieved in this way, suggesting that these environmental factors inflate familial resemblances in refraction. Patterns of resemblances among relatives after adjustment suggest that the effects of nearwork and education on refraction resemblances were not completely removed by the linear regression adjustment used. PMID- 7296941 TI - Complex chromosomal rearrangements. PMID- 7296940 TI - Sickle cell disease in Brazil. PMID- 7296939 TI - The G syndrome of dysphagia, ocular hypertelorism and hypospadias. PMID- 7296942 TI - A new growth deficiency syndrome. PMID- 7296943 TI - Cleft palate: a genetic and epidemiologic investigation. AB - An examination of kindred histories of 561 Danish probands who have non-syndromic CP has indicated that neither a multifactorial-threshold model nor a single major locus model is completely compatible with the data. This suggests etiologic heterogeneity for CP, which was tested with kindred data. As recommended by Smith (1976), at attempt to define partially this heterogeneity within the CP phenotype was undertaken by grouping and comparing the kindred data. It is both reasonable and heuristic to propose that CP,, as defined in this investigation, is composed of three groups: (1) Syndromic CP; (2) Familial CP, which appears to have an autosomal dominant component to its etiology, and (3) Non-familial CP which, by demonstrating an increasing frequency of CP and a maternal age effect, appears to be related to environmental factors which may cause CP or other malformations. PMID- 7296944 TI - Dominant inheritance of microcephaly with short stature. AB - A family is reported in which microcephaly has been observed in at least three generations. The pedigree is most consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. In addition to microcephaly, affected individuals exhibit significantly short stature, ocular anomalies and simple, protruding ears. Intellectual function is in the normal or borderline range. PMID- 7296946 TI - An Indian family with postaxial polydactyly in four generations. AB - An Indian family was observed with postaxial polycactyly in four generations. Of the twelve affected cases, eleven were male and one was female. The affected males showed postaxial polydactyly Type A in both hands and feet. The affected female showed polysyndactyly and both Types A and B postaxial polydactyly. Study of this family strongly suggests a common causal factor for postaxial polydactyly Types A and B and polysyndactyly. The observations also support an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and a high degree of genetic heterogeneity in ths malformation. PMID- 7296945 TI - Gonadal dysgenesis, intra-X chromosome insertion, and possible position effect in an otherwise normal female. AB - A 16-year-old female was referred for cytogenetic evaluation because of primary amenorrhea. Growth, mental development, and physical examination, including secondary sexual characteristics, were normal. Cytogenetic analysis revealed one X chromosome to be consistently more metacentric than the other. Measurements indicted no significant differences between the two X's, but in the abnormal X, the increase in length of the short arm matched the decrease in length of the long arm. Banding studies suggest that region q22 through q24 of the abnormal X is inserted into region p11 of the same chromosome. Endocrine studies were indicative of gonadal dysgenesis. Since no loss of X chromosome material is involved, this patient's gonadal dysgenesis is most likely related to position effect. PMID- 7296947 TI - Familial 5/14 translocation with triple X and 47,XY + 14q. AB - A family with 5/14 balanced translocation was investigated. The father and both his daughters had the same balanced translocation. One of the daughters had four spontaneous abortions, the last one with a karyotype of 47,XY + 14q-. The other daughter had two children, one of them a normal 46,XX girl, the other with the karyotype 47,XXX;5/14. PMID- 7296948 TI - Follow-up of 32 children with autosomal translocations found among 11,148 consecutively newborn children from 1969 to 1974. AB - A follow-up study of 32 unselected children with translocations has been made from 6 to 11 years after the chromosome examination of these children at birth. The physical and mental development of the five children with de novo translocations was very similar to that of the children with inherited translocations, and we found no indication of any association between the autosomal reciprocal translocations for the Robertsonian translocations and physical and mental development. There was an increased risk for offspring with unbalanced or aneuploid chromosome abnormalities in 2 of the 30 families, and prenatal examination is most probably indicated in carriers of any type of translocation. Further studies of large groups of unselected persons with translocations are, however, needed before any definite risk figures can be calculated for the different translocations. PMID- 7296949 TI - Clinically manifesting carriers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Three manifesting carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy were examined clinically and histologically. All had muscle weakness in the upper and lower limbs without facial muscle involvement, onset being at the ages of 35, 19 and 25 years, respectively. Pseudohypertrophy of calves was evident in all cases. Biochemical, electrocardiographic and histological observations revealed the presence of myopathy in all cases. Sex chromatin patterns were normal. Compared with the manifesting carriers previously reported by others, at least one case showed more severe histological findings which were typical of the advanced stage of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The cardiac involvement in three cases was moderate. A possible involvement of other factors besides Lyonization influencing the development of myopathy in the carriers is suggested. PMID- 7296950 TI - 46,XY/48,XXY, +8 in a male with clinical and dermatoglyphic features of mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome. AB - A 15-year-old male was referred for management of scoliosis secondary to congenital vertebral anomalies. Cytogenetic analysis was performed because of multiple congenital malformations. The patient was found to have a mosaic 46,XY/48,XXY,+8 chromosome complement with the characteristic clinical and dermatoglyphic features of mosaic trisomy 8 syndrome. PMID- 7296951 TI - Urinary amino acids and organic acids in the Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. AB - A metabolic study of urine samples obtained from 35 patients with the Sjogren Larsson syndrome (SLS) has been performed by means of a series of chemical tests, as well as by analysis of the amino acid pattern by high-voltage paper electrophoresis. Organic acids were analysed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry and qualitative analyses for mono- and disaccharides were performed by thin-layer chromatography on cellulose. No error in the amino acid, organic acid or carbohydrate metabolism was found in the SLS-patients in the present study. PMID- 7296953 TI - Phenotypic variation in Meckel syndrome. AB - Four sibs are described with Meckel syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder with multiple abnormalities. Each sib manifested only two of the three cardinal sings of Meckel syndrome - encephalocoele and polycystic kidneys, lacking polydactyly. The literature is examined to assess the phenotypic variation of the condition: 57% of cases have all the three major abnormalities, 16% have the two found in this family, and the remainder exhibit other variations. In 9 of 17 families where more than one sib is affected, manifestation between sibs is the same, but in the only other two families with as many as four affected sibs, there is variation in expression between sibs. PMID- 7296952 TI - Adrenal adenomas in a patient with Gardner's syndrome. AB - Gardner's syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple colorectal polyposis, associated with various soft- and hard-tissue tumors. The occurrence of adrenal adenomas in patients with the syndrome has not been fully appreciated. The following is a report of a member of the original Utah kindred #109, first described in the early 1950's who was found at autopsy to have bilateral adrenal adenomas. A review of the literature resulted in the identification of six cases with adrenal adenomas and one with a primary adrenal carcinoma. The association with the syndrome of these adrenal tumors, as well as other endocrine tumors, especially thyroid tumors, is discussed. PMID- 7296954 TI - Perniosis: a histopathological review. PMID- 7296955 TI - Sensitivity of mononuclear cells to PUVA: effect on subsequent stimulation with mitogens and on exclusion of trypan blue dye. PMID- 7296956 TI - Whole blood levels of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase in patients with psoriasis and mycosis fungoides on topical therapy and on photochemotherapy. PMID- 7296957 TI - Generalized hair follicle hamartoma associated with alopecia and myasthenia gravis: report of a second case. PMID- 7296958 TI - An unusual case of connective tissue dysplasia with features of premature ageing. PMID- 7296959 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with necrobiosis lipoidica and granuloma annulare. PMID- 7296960 TI - The effect of psoriasis on the sufferer. PMID- 7296962 TI - Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. PMID- 7296961 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti achromians and morphoea: a case report. PMID- 7296963 TI - Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma with coexistent superficial angioleiomyoma. PMID- 7296964 TI - Atypical tuberculide (acne scrofulosorum) secondary to tuberculous lymphadenitis. PMID- 7296965 TI - Treatment of facial lesions of tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7296966 TI - Effect of salicylates on the complement system: generation of mediators in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7296967 TI - Familial interstitial nephritis. AB - Hereditary nephritis is a well recognized disease, but its clinical manifestations and patterns of inheritance are variable. We report a family with hereditary renal disease in which the morphological lesion is interstitial nephritis and the pattern of inheritance autosomal dominant. In contrast with previous reports, microscopic/macroscopic hematuria was not a consistent marker for renal involvement. The family also demonstrates the inheritance of rheumatoid arthritis in an autosomal dominant pattern, not temporally related to the interstitial renal disease. PMID- 7296968 TI - Body fluid composition in chronic renal failure. AB - Studies were performed to assess body fluid composition alterations occurring in 10 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Red cell mass (RCM), plasma volume (PV), extracellular fluid volume (ECF), and total body water (TBW) were assessed 24 hours following hemodialysis to dry weight, following infusion of normal saline to increase body weight by approximately 2 kg, and following hemodialysis to decrease body weight by approximately 2 kg. Results demonstrate that TBW constituted from 48.5 to 51.0% of body weight. The ECF constituted from 41.8 to 46.3% of the total body water. The ratio of PV to interstitial fluid (ISF) volume (ISF = ECF - PV) approximated 1.1 to 1.2:3. Salt and water alterations (isotonic saline infusion and ultrafiltration) were restricted to the ECF component of the TBW. In the ECF, it was principally the ISF that buffered salt and water expansion or depletion. There was no evidence for volume alterations in the intracellular fluid (ICF = TBW - ECF). We conclude that the ISF is the buffer zone which maintains the proper balance and relationship between vascular capacity and volume. PMID- 7296969 TI - Changes in bone mineral content evaluated by photon absorptiometry before the start of active uremia treatment. AB - Bone mineral content (BMC) in the forearm was evaluated by photon absorptiometry in 74 out of 198 patients who were started on active uremia treatment between 1973 and 1979. The BMC was measured repeatedly up to 24 months prior to and 15 months after the start of regular hemodialysis (RDT). The mean change per month was -0.43% before the start and +0.08% after the start, showing that RDT patients have low BMC chiefly because they lose mineral before the start of active uremia treatment. Patients not given extra calcium and/or vitamin D seemed to lose mineral faster than those given this treatment. The mineral content was lower in patients with polycystic kidney disease than in patients with glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7296970 TI - Effect of antihypertensive therapy on plasma catecholamines in renal failure patients. AB - The influence of antihypertensive therapy on plasma norepinephrine (NE) was examined in 58 patients with moderate chronic renal failure (CRF). Six normotensive patients not receiving antihypertensive medicines (mean serum creatinine 2.4 +/-.2 mg/dl) had a modest but significant increase in NE compared to normals in both supine (230 vs. 173 pg/ml, P greater than .05) and upright (482 vs. 377 pg/ml, P less than .05) positions. A striking increase in NE (supine 673 +/- 55, P less than .001; upright 1089 +/- 88 pg/ml, P less than .001) was observed in 34 CRF patients receiving antihypertensive regimens containing diuretic, beta-blocker, or vasodilator drugs either individually or in combination. Vasodilator therapy was associated with the highest levels of NE. In 17 further CRF patients receiving the sympathetic suppressants clonidine or methyldopa in addition to other medicines, NE values were similar to untreated, normotensive patients (supine NE 254 +/- 40 pg/ml; upright NE 474 +/- 61 pg/ml). The age, degree of renal impairment, plasma renin activity, and number and dosage of antihypertensive medicines did not account for these differences in NE. The results suggests that NE levels are modestly increased in normotensive, untreated CRF patients, but are dramatically increased by antihypertensive therapy, particularly vasodilator therapy. Clonidine or methyldopa therapy, however, is associated with significantly lower NE values in these patients despite the concomitant use of vasodilator agents. PMID- 7296971 TI - Catheterography in the diagnosis of catheter failure in peritoneal dialysis. AB - A total of 43 catheterograms were performed on 29 patients receiving treatment by chronic peritoneal dialysis. Thirteen of the catheterograms were carried out because of localized abdominal pain thought to originate from the catheter tip. In 6 of these cases catheter malposition was the cause of pain. Twenty-eight catheterograms were carried out because of one-way obstruction of the catheter. Envelopment by omentum of the distal part of the catheter was found to be the cause of malfunction in 8 cases. Catheter malposition either alone or in combination with blockage of the end hole and/or side holes caused malfunction in another 8 cases. Of the 28 catheters with one-way obstruction 15 (53%) could be preserved after repositioning and cleaning; the remaining 13 had to be changed. Total obstruction of the catheter was the indication for catheterography in 2 cases, and both catheters had to be changed. Catheterography is a simple and painless procedure which should be carried out when a patient on chronic peritoneal dialysis develops localized abdominal pain, or in the event of catheter malfunction. PMID- 7296972 TI - Is cryoglobulin detection of clinical significance in chronic glomerulonephritis not related to systemic disease? AB - Sera from 105 adult patients with idiopathic chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) were investigated to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of cryoglobulin (CG) detection. CG+ sera were found in 49% of cases but also in 34% of normal donors. CG composition in these two groups was different. Concentrations of CG greater than micron g/ml were considered as abnormal, since concentrations did not exceed this value in the controls. Using this criterion 30% of patients with GN had CG; most had membrano-proliferative GN, GN with mesangial IgA deposits, and membranous GN. CG occurred with the same frequency but at higher concentrations in the group of patients with diffuse proliferative GN than in other groups; however, there was no difference in the frequency and concentration of CG when GN was thought to be mediated by immune complexes (IC) than when it was not. No relationship was observed with disease activity. In conclusion low CG might represent an in vitro artifact of a common in vivo immunoregulatory mechanism in normal donors. Although they might be a marker for the presence of IC in adult patients with GN not related to systemic disease, CG detection appears to be of little help in diagnosis, assessment of disease activity, or therapeutic monitoring. PMID- 7296973 TI - Renal disease-a sixth cardinal feature of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. AB - A 39 year old man with 4 of the 5 cardinal features of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome (LMBS) had proteinuria and moderate renal failure. Excretory urography showed small cysts communicating with the dilated calyceal system. Renal biopsy showed diffuse mesangial sclerosis and cellular proliferation. Excretory urograms in 22 of 24 reported patients demonstrated similar findings. Review of renal pathology reports on 16 patients revealed either chronic glomerulonephritis or severe tubulo-interstitial disease with cysts or both in 8 of 9 who died from uremia and 2 of 7 who died from other causes. The abnormalities seen on excretory urography occur more frequently than 2 of the cardinal features, and as uremia is often the cause of death for these patients, renal disease should be considered a cardinal feature of LMBS. PMID- 7296974 TI - Plasmapheresis in rapidly progressive Henoch-Schoenlein glomerulonephritis and the effect on circulating IgA immune complexes. AB - Two adult patients with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis were treated with plasmapheresis. One patient also received cyclophosphamide. Both patients recovered their renal function. Before plasmapheresis circulating IgA immune complexes were demonstrated in both patients by two assays with specificity for IgA. The level of IgA immune complexes decreased after each plasma exchange. IgA immune complexes disappeared in the patient who was treated with cyclophosphamide but remained present in the other patient. Plasma exchange may be a useful form of therapy for patients with Henoch-Schoenlein purpura and progressive renal failure. Measurement of circulating IgA immune complexes may provide insight into the in vivo effect of plasmapheresis. PMID- 7296975 TI - Is there a treatment of mesangial IgA glomerulonephritis? PMID- 7296980 TI - [A case of ataxia telangiectasia without immune deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296976 TI - Familial urate nephropathy. AB - This report describes a family with the rare combination of tophaceous gout and renal failure. We emphasise that asymptomatic hyperuricemia may be associated with significant renal disease and suggest that in addition to tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, both obstructive glomerular and tubular lesions and also vascular lesions are important in the pathogenesis of urate nephropathy. We recommend that potentially affected family members should be actively sought and treated at an early age in the hope of preventing the development of renal failure. PMID- 7296978 TI - [Study on specificity of change of csf transferrin in motor neuron diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296977 TI - Zinc tolerance tests in chronic uremia. AB - The intestinal absorption of zinc was investigated in 12 control subjects and in 20 patients or maintenance hemodialysis by means of a zinc tolerance test during fasting. Ten patients (Group I) were on long-term vitamin D therapy and 10 (Group II) were not receiving vitamin D. After baseline plasma zinc measurements, a single dose of 50 mg zinc was ingested and plasma zinc levels were measured at hourly intervals for 4 hours thereafter. Peak plasma zinc levels were significantly lower in Group II patients than in controls or patients in Group I suggesting impaired absorption. No significant difference was found between controls and Group I patients. Two patients had normal zinc tolerance tests while on vitamin D therapy, but abnormal tests while off vitamin D. We conclude that the intestinal absorption of zinc may be impaired in chronic uremia, probably secondary to abnormal metabolism of vitamin D. PMID- 7296979 TI - [Clinico-physiological study on the central reflex arcs of blink reflex; with special reference to its diagnostic value of the posterior fossa lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296981 TI - [Morphometric quantification of spinal and cranial nerve roots in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and adult onset X-linked recessive bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296982 TI - [F response in spastic spinal paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7296983 TI - Radionuclide venography using continuous Kr-18 m infusion: preliminary note. AB - Continuous infusion of Kr-81m presents important advantages compared to the commonly used radionuclides for venography. High count rates can be accumulated, and a high resolution collimator can be employed to ensure good quality images. The study can be repeated immediately and multiple views can be performed until a satisfactory result is obtained. The production of radionuclide from a Rb-81--Kr 81m generator suitable for intravenous infusion is almost the same as that which is suitable for ventilation. The same generator can first be used for venography and then for ventilation imaging to complete the work-up patients suspected of having thromboembolic disease. PMID- 7296984 TI - A Kr-81m inhalation method for detection of absence of uniform ventilation in asthma. AB - In an attempt to compare inhalation methods in detecting abnormal patterns of ventilation, the following four techniques were applied in 12 asthmatic patients: spontaneous respiration with a Kr-81m gas-air mixture (SP technique); serial inhalation of a Kr-81m gas-air mixture from the level of residual volume to total lung capacity (VC technique); bolus inhalation of 10 ml or Kr-81m gas from the level of residual volume, followed by air, to total lung capacity (RV technique); bolus inhalation of 10 ml of Kr-81m gas from the level of functional residual capacity, followed by air, to total lung capacity (FRC technique). Before exercise, abnormalities were detected by the RV and FRC techniques, but no abnormalities were detected by SP and VC techniques. On studies done after exercise, the abnormalities were detected by all the described techniques. However, they were best demonstrated by the RV technique and shown least well by the VC method. PMID- 7296986 TI - The role of In-111 leukocyte scanning in pyoderma gangrenosum. PMID- 7296985 TI - Tricuspid insufficiency detected by equilibrium gated radionuclide study. AB - The results of a gated radionuclide cardiac study are reported in a patient with biventricular failure and tricuspid insufficiency demonstrated by clinical evaluation, M-mode and 2-D sector echocardiography, and cardia catheterization. The processed gated radionuclide cardiac study showed a left ventricular/right ventricular stroke volume ratio of 0.5; expansion of the hepatic blood pool demonstrated by hepatic time activity curve and calculation of an "'expansion fraction"; and synchronous changes of count rate of the atrial and hepatic regions detected by phase analysis (similar phase shifts). PMID- 7296988 TI - Sequential liver imaging in the hypereosinophilic syndrome. PMID- 7296989 TI - Care and feeding of nuclear medicine equipment--revisited, 1981. PMID- 7296987 TI - Bone scanning in aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 7296990 TI - An intelligent approach to the selection of imaging equipment. PMID- 7296991 TI - Factors influencing the choice of a nuclear medicine computer system. PMID- 7296992 TI - The potential impact of digital radiography (DR) on the speciality of nuclear medicine. AB - Digital radiography is a reasonably economical system that helps diagnostic imaging physicians to develop increasingly less-invasive procedures, obtain maximal information at a given dose and increase the flexibility and convenience involved with diagnostic workups. The range of applications of DR has not been fully established at this time. Comparison of its properties with those of conventional nuclear medicine may suggest areas of potential application. Compared to nuclear medicine techniques, DR in general provides improved anatomical resolution, improved contrast resolution, sometimes equivalent functional information, and decreased imaging time. On the other hand, some functional nuclear medicine studies provide information not available by DR; including the gallium scan, bone scan, hepatic-biliary scan, and lung scan. Therefore, nuclear medicine procedures will be complimentary in some instances to digital radiography procedures and competitive in others. The proper roles of each modality in various clinical settings await future detailed and comprehensive efficacy studies. PMID- 7296993 TI - Thrombosis detection: fibrinogen counting and radionuclide venography. AB - The occurrence of venous thromboembolic disease is of epidemic proportions and clinical manifestations are clearly documented to be neither sensitive nor specific. Whereas contrast venograms are a suitable reference standard, less invasive procedures are necessary for the clinical management of patients. I-125 FUT is currently the preferred procedure for epidemiological studies and measurement of the efficacy of treatment. It is also suitable for documentation of suspected venous thrombosis in the lower leg and calves. Radionuclide venography, when combined with pulmonary scintigraphy, is useful in the definition of venous thromboembolism. In view of the fact that either the pulmonary emboli or the thrombotic origins may be clinically silent, it is particularly attractive when there is a strong suspicion of either one. It may also be used to document venous thrombosis when that condition is suspected on clinical or other grounds except when calf disease is the only clinical manifestation. Despite the limitations of both of these procedures, they correlate remarkably well with the results of contrast venography and are suitable for routine use. PMID- 7296994 TI - Future vistas in cardiovascular nuclear medicine. PMID- 7296995 TI - Thyroid imaging and function studies. PMID- 7296996 TI - Diagnostic imaging of choledochal cysts. AB - A review of the literature concerning the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging modalities for choledochal cysts indicates that both ultrasound and scintigraphic methods have approximately 80% accuracy. Oral cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography methods have between 60 and 80% accuracy. Ultrasound is recommended as the initial preoperative test of choice, with hepatobiliary scintigraphy or CT scanning being most useful for postoperative evaluation. PMID- 7296997 TI - The value of radionuclide scintigraphy in patients with non-visualized gallbladders by oral cholecystography. AB - This study evaluated the clinical usefulness of Tc-99m-PyG cholescintigraphy in patients who had nonvisualization of the gallbladder after OCG. Nineteen patients with non-visualized gallbladder with OCG subsequently had Tc-99m-PyG cholescintigraphy performed. In nine patients the gallbladder visualized, whereas in ten it did not. Statistical analysis of this limited number of patients showed that Tc-99m-PyG cholescintigraphy was able to separate those patients with clinically significant gallbladder disease from those patients without significant gallbladder disease (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7296998 TI - Severe atrophy of right hepatic lobe simulating right hepatic lobectomy. AB - Absence of the right hepatic lobe following blunt abdominal trauma without surgical resection is reported. The usual site of the right hepatic lobe is demonstrated to be occupied by bowel by hepatobiliary imaging. PMID- 7297000 TI - Sequential liver-spleen scanning for documentation of wandering spleen. AB - An additional case of wandering spleen is reported. A brief review of the etiology of this entity, as well as various findings obtained with nuclear imaging of the spleen, is presented. The authors discuss the relevance of repeated spleen scans to the clinical decision making process. Particular significance is paid to preservation of the spleen to maintain immunologic competence. PMID- 7296999 TI - Liver scans in evaluation of lesions of the diaphragm. AB - Three patients had chest radiographs suggesting pathology associated with the right hemidiaphragm. The patients' histories included trauma in one case, recently diagnosed leukemia in a second, and Hodgkin's disease in the third. In all three cases, the Tc-99m-sulfur colloid liver scan provided a noninvasive identification of the nature of the diaphragmatic densities seen on the chest radiographs, thus affecting patient management. PMID- 7297001 TI - Scintigraphic detection of pulmonary hemorrhage using Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. AB - Pulmonary hemorrhage, whether in the form of hemoptysis or bleeding into the pleural space, may be a life threatening problem. While fiberoptic bronchoscopy and selective bronchial and intercostal angiography are the major diagnostic modalities, these techniques are not without risks. Two patients are described one with massive hemoptysis from a bronchogenic carcinoma; another with pleural bleeding from a torn intercostal artery-in whom Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scintigraphy accurately located the source of hemorrhage. We conclude that Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy may be a helpful noninvasive method to increase the sensitivity and specificity of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchial angiography in patients with massive pulmonary bleeding. PMID- 7297002 TI - Acquisition planning for nuclear medicine imaging equipment. AB - The acquisition of imaging equipment is sometimes accomplished with less than optimal planning which leads less than satisfactory results. The purpose of this article is to outline a plan for acquisition designed to reduce some of the problems. PMID- 7297003 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7297004 TI - Uptake of Ga-67 in the cardiac region in hypersensitivity angiitis. AB - Although Ga-67 can be used to recognize various inflammations of the heart and pericardium, it is seldom used to evaluate the inflammatory process of a myocardial infarction because of lack of specificity, lack of early uptake, and other factors. However, inadvertent recognition on routine Ga-67 scans is always a possibility and has been reported once before. Here described is another case of silent, multiple myocardial infarction seen by Ga-67 scan as a consequence of multiple organ involvement with hypersensitivity angiitis. This incidental finding was the only indication of direct cardiac involvement at the time of the patient's death by cardiac arrest on the same day as the Da-67 scan. PMID- 7297005 TI - Unusual Tc-99m-PIPIDA images. PMID- 7297006 TI - Wedged appearance of splenic infarcts on scans. PMID- 7297007 TI - Prescribing in pregnancy. PMID- 7297008 TI - The fate of drugs in pregnancy. PMID- 7297009 TI - Prescribing in pregnancy. Dermatology. PMID- 7297010 TI - Anemia in children and adolescents with hypothyroidism. AB - In a review of 17 adolescents and children (excluding newborns) with definite clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of hypothyroidism, 11 patients (65%) had anemia. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of the red blood cells was either macrocytic or normocytic. The hemoglobin did not correlate with the serum thyroxine level. Anemia occurred only in those patients with heights below the third percentile, but there was no similar correlation with weights. Of the 10 patients who had radiographs for bone age, all showed severe delay (47 to 103 months) and had heights below the third percentile. Nine of these patients were anemic, but the severity of the anemia did not correlate with the delay in bone age. Neither microcytic anemia nor pernicious anemia, noted in many adult hypothyroid patients, was found in the children and adolescents with hypothyroidism studied here. The "uncomplicated" anemia secondary to hypothyroidism responded to thyroid replacement therapy alone. Anemia can be the most prominent feature of hypothyroidism. In patients with mild to moderate anemia of unknown origin, especially those with fall-off in linear growth and increased MCV, hypothyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the anemia. PMID- 7297011 TI - Growth status of children with and without sickle cell trait. AB - Because of the suggestions that children with sickle cell trait (Hb/AS) are smaller and lighter, the anthropometric measurements of 50 such children from polygamous families were compared with a matched group of 50 children with normal hemoglobin (Hb/AA) who were offspring of the same fathers and were living under identical conditions. This technique was adopted in minimize the effects of heredity and nutrition. When these hereditary and nutritional effects were excluded there were no significant differences between the anthropometric measurements of the two groups. PMID- 7297012 TI - Adolescents with abnormal cervical cytology. AB - Cytology screening is an important diagnostic tool to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) represents a continuum of neoplastic alterations, from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. Our high incidence of 32/1,000 adolescent girls with abnormal cervical cytology, suggestive of CIN, supports studies showing that major cervical pathology does exist in this age group. The importance of this problem, previous experiences, reliability of screening, management, and associated risk factors are reviewed. We advocate that the sexually active older adolescent, 18 to 21, have PAP smears at least yearly. It is also our feelings that sexually active adolescent under 18 should have annual PAP smears, even though our studies revealed a paucity of significantly abnormal findings in this age group. PMID- 7297013 TI - Low-birth-weight and congenital rubella syndrome: effect of gestational age at time of maternal rubella infection. AB - Birth weights of 42 full-term patients with congenital rubella syndrome were analyzed. All of these infants were products of pregnancies in which the exact dates of the maternal first day of last menstrual period and of the time of onset of the mothers' rubella rash were known. The range of time of maternal rubella associated with low-birth-weight was in the gestational age interval from 16 to 100 days. Low-birth-weight may have a relationship with time of maternal rubella rather than with the type of defects, i.e., cataract, heart disease, and deafness. PMID- 7297015 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of supraglottitis and pneumonia in children. PMID- 7297014 TI - Diagonal earlobe crease in newborn infants and in children. PMID- 7297016 TI - Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. AB - A case of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is described. Severe perinatal asphyxia preceded the appearance of the skin lesions. Premature rupture of membranes and the presence of foul-smelling meconium raised the possibility of infection by anaerobes as an additional etiologic factor. The main hypotheses concerning the cause and pathogenesis of this condition are reviewed. The alarming clinical picture that stands in sharp contrast to the benign prognosis is stressed. PMID- 7297017 TI - Measurement of partial agonist activity of pindolol. AB - The partial agonist activity of pindolol was assessed by examining the action of cumulative doses on the heart rate of resting, standing, and exercising healthy men and by studying the interaction of pindolol with metoprolol, a beta blocker devoid of partial agonist activity. Pindolol did not affect resting or standing heart rates (RHR, SHR) but reduced the heart rate after vigorous exercise by approximately 25%. The flatter dose-response curve of pindolol for exercise heart rate (EHR) has been reported from practolol and oxprenolol, which also exert partial agonist activity. After extremely large doses of pindolol there was no evidence of enhancement of agonist activity on RHR, nor was there any evidence of dominance of agonist activity over antagonist activity on EHR. Metoprolol did not alter RHR but reduced SHR by approximately 20% and EHR by approximately 31%. The effects of pindolol on SHRs and EHRs were not enhanced by metoprolol, even though the drug itself induced greater reductions of both. The reduction of SHR by metoprolol was reversed by pindolol. Pindolol appears to have greater affinity than metoprolol for atrial beta adrenoceptors in man. PMID- 7297018 TI - Kinetics and renal handling of cefonicid. AB - Cefonicid kinetics were determined after intravenous and intramuscular injection and the renal handling of the drug was examined, including the effect of probenecid on its excretion. Peak serum levels after 1000 and 500 mg intravenously was 221 and 91 micrograms/ml. The half-life (t1/2) was the same for both regimens (3.5 hr). Intramuscular injection of the 1000- and 500-mg doses resulted in peak serum levels of 112 and 40 micrograms/ml. When probenecid was given with the 500-mg dose, the peak serum level was 61 micrograms/ml and the time to peak level rose from 1.3 to 2.5 hr. The t1/2 after 1000 and 500 mg alone was much the same at 4.8 and 4.9 hr. The addition of probenecid to the 500-mg dose extended the t1/2 and 7.5 hr. Renal clearance, excretion, and secretion rates for cefonicid were reduced by the addition of probenecid. Cefonicid's long t1/2 and high blood levels may provide clinical efficacy with a single daily dose. PMID- 7297019 TI - Digoxin bioavailability during quinidine administration. AB - Digoxin serum concentration rises in the presence of quinidine. To determine whether quinidine alters digoxin bioavailability, six subjects received 1.0 mg of digoxin intravenously alone and by mouth on alternate weeks during steady-state oral quinidine administration. The area under the digoxin concentration:time curves (AUC) and the amount of digoxin excreted in the urine (Xxu) were determined for the 96 hr after each of the four experiments. Values for digoxin bioavailability relative to the corresponding intravenous study in the absence and presence of quinidine were (+/- S.D.) 73.5 +/- 8.6% and 79.5 +/- 22.6% (P greater than 0.05) for serum and 69.8 +/- 6.8% and 70.2 +/- 10.5% (P greater than 0.05) for urine. There was no difference in the steady-state quinidine serum concentration during the 4 days after intravenous and oral digoxin. We conclude that quinidine does not alter digoxin bioavailability and therefore that altered absorption does not explain the rise in digoxin serum concentration in the presence of quinidine. PMID- 7297020 TI - Beta-blocking effect of single oral doses of carteolol. AB - Carteolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The duration of beta blockade after single oral doses of carteolol was studied in normal men for 72 hr by determining the heart rate response to an external stimulus, bolus intravenous isoproterenol, and an internal stimulus (graded treadmill exercise designed to achieve 85% of the subjects' maximal heart rate in 12 min). Each subject first received 5 mg of carteolol and then, at 3-wk intervals, 2.5, 15, and 60 mg carteolol and placebo in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Beta blockade was maximal 1 to 2 hr after dosing and the heart rate response to isoproterenol and exercise remained less (P less than 0.05) than placebo responses for the 72 hr after each dose of carteolol. The double product (maximal exercise heart rate x systolic blood pressure during the twelfth minute of exercise) was below (P less than 0.05) baseline values for 24 hr after all doses, for 48 hr after 15 mg, and for 72 hr after 60 mg of carteolol. PMID- 7297021 TI - Meperidine disposition in man: influence of urinary pH and route of administration. AB - The effects of route of administration and altered urinary pH on the disposition of meperidine and its metabolite normeperidine were investigated in six normal, nonsmoking young men from 23 to 31 yr old. Meperidine (21.75 mg) was injected intravenously simultaneous with the same dose of deuterated (2H5) drug given orally in solution or by injection into the deltoid muscle. After intravenous administration with no control of urinary pH, meperidine blood levels declined triexponentially over 24 hr with a terminal half-life (t1/2) of 4.9 to 9.4 hr and a clearance of 472 to 686 ml/min. The 48-hr urinary recoveries of meperidine and normeperidine were about 7% and 12%. Urinary acidification with ammonium chloride reduced these amounts to less than 1% and about 7%, whereas urinary alkalinization increased them to about 20% and 24%. These pronounced changes had negligible effects on the blood concentration/time profiles. Plasma levels were proportional to the blood concentrations with a ratio of about unity for meperidine and a value 25% greater for normeperidine. Absorption after intramuscular injection was complete and followed a first-order process with t1/2 ranging from 7 to 13 min. Accordingly, maximum blood levels were achieved within 5 to 15 min and the concentration was essentially the same as after intravenous dosing. In contrast, oral bioavailability was incomplete, ranging from 47% to 73%, and at a much slower rate, with peak concentrations being observed after about 1 hr. Absorption was biphasic and was preceded by a 5- to 10-min lag period. Normeperidine blood concentration after intravenous dosing reached a maximum within 2 to 4 hr and remained at this value through 12 hr before modestly declining by 24 hr. After oral dosing the peak level was achieved more rapidly and sharply. Thus, presystemic elimination occurs after oral dosing within meperidine consistent in value with the measured blood clearance which, therefore, probably reflects only hepatic metabolism. PMID- 7297022 TI - Morphine kinetics in cancer patients. AB - Oral and intravenous morphine kinetics were studied in seven patients with cancer who needed continuous treatment with morphine because of severe chronic pain. Single oral (20 to 30 mg) and intravenous (4 mg) doses were given on separate days, followed by repetitive blood sampling for morphine analysis by gas chromatography. Volume of distribution ranged from 0.95 to 3.75 l/kg and serum clearance from 5.0 to 16.1 ml/min/kg. Oral morphine in doses that were more than five times the intravenous dose gave concentrations (at 10 and 120 min after dose) between 38 and 112 ng/ml. During the 0.25- to 8-hr period after the oral dose serum concentrations were higher than after the intravenous dose. There was a variation in oral bioavailability of 15% to 64% and an interindividual variation in terminal half-life from 58 to 465 min. These data warrant careful adjustment of the oral dose under close supervision of the patient at the onset of therapy. PMID- 7297023 TI - Verapamil kinetics in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery spasm. AB - Verapamil kinetics after intravenous and single and long-term oral dosing were studied in 12 patients with coronary artery spasm and four normal subjects. The decline in plasma concentration after intravenous doses was described by triexponential decay equation, with a terminal half-life (t1/2) of 5 hr. After a single oral dose the bioavailability was only 24%, probably because of the first pass metabolism. During long-term oral doses of 80 mg every 6 hr, mean peak and trough concentrations were 255 +/- 90 and 105 +/- 38 ng/ml, and mean time at which peak concentration occurred was 1.2 +/- 0.5 hr. Norverapamil, the major active metabolite of verapamil, cumulated during oral dosing and may account for a small proportion of the overall pharmacologic effect. Mean elimination t1/2 during long-term oral dosing was longer than after a single dose (9.6 and 5.7 hr, P less than 0.05). Also, during long-term dosing the area under the curve was more than double that of a single dose, and the apparent oral clearance fell from 4.2 to 1.8 l/min (P less than 0.01). These changes may partly be explained by reduction in presystemic metabolism during long-term therapy. Kinetic predictions based on single doses will not give reliable estimates for long-term oral dosage. Less frequent dose schedule may be possible for prolonged therapy. PMID- 7297024 TI - Disposition of intravenous radioactive acyclovir. AB - The kinetic and metabolic disposition of (8-14C)acyclovir (ACV) was investigated in five subjects with advanced malignancy. The drug was administered by 1-hr intravenous infusion at doses of 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg. Plasma and blood radioactivity-time, and plasma concentration-time data were defined by a two compartment open kinetic model. There was nearly equivalent distribution of radioactivity in blood and plasma. The overall mean plasma half-life and total body clearance +/- SD of ACV were 2.1 +/- 0.5 hr and 297 +/- 53 ml/min/1.73 m2. Binding of ACV to plasma proteins was 15.4 +/- 4.4%. Most of the radioactive dose excreted was recovered in the urine (71% to 99%) with less than 2% excretion in the feces and only trace amounts in the expired Co2. Analyses by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that 9 (carboxymethoxymethyl)guanine was the only significant urinary metabolite of ACV, accounting for 8.5% to 14.1% of the dose. A minor metabolite (less than 0.2% of dose) had the retention time of 8-hydroxy-9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine. Unchanged urinary ACV ranged from 62% to 91% of the dose. There was no indication of ACV cleavage to guanine. Renal clearance of ACV was approximately three times the corresponding creatinine clearances. PMID- 7297025 TI - Effect of phenytoin on meperidine clearance and normeperidine formation. AB - The presystemic metabolism of meperidine to normeperidine was examined in four healthy men before, during, and 3 wk after phenytoin. The results from the two control periods were similar. Meperidine systemic clearance rose from 1017 +/- 225 ml/min (mean +/- SD) to 1280 +/- 130 ml/min during phenytoin dosing (P less than 0.01). Meperidine elimination half-life fell from 6.4 +/- 1.0 hr to 4.3 +/- 0.4 hr during phenytoin dosing (P less than 0.05). Bioavailability fell from 0.61 +/- 0.08 to 0.43 +/- 0.14 (P less than 0.07). Meperidine volume of distribution, renal clearance, and protein binding did not change. The normeperdine area under the blood concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hr after intravenous meperidine rose from 385 +/- 105 ng/hr/ml-1 to 589 +/- 108 ng/hr/ml-1 during phenytoin dosing (P less than 0.01); after oral meperidine it rose from 592 +/- 50 ng/hr/ml 1 to 738 +/- 178 ng/hr/ml-1. Normeperidine renal clearance was approximately four times that of meperidine, but was not altered by phenytoin. Because analgesia relates to meperidine blood concentrations, patients on long-term phenytoin therapy may require more frequent parenteral doses and larger and more frequent oral doses than usual. PMID- 7297026 TI - Sensitivity of human placental monooxygenase activity to maternal smoking. AB - The in vitro oxidation of 7-ethoxyresorufin was studied in placental microsomes from 47 full-term pregnancies. Placental activities were compared in four groups formed on the basis of maternal smoking history as follows: nonsmokers (n = 12), passive smokers (n = 16), 1 to 20 cigarettes/day (n = 13), and 20+ cigarettes/day (n = 5). Passive smoking was defined as living with someone who smoke cigarettes. Umbilical cord plasma thiocyanate concentrations were measured to confirm histories and were higher when mothers smoked (80 +/- 10 micro M, 1 to 20 cigarettes/day, 116 +/- 8 micro M, 20+ cigarettes/day) than when mothers did not smoke (34 +/- 3 micro M, nonsmokers; 35 +/- 3 micro M, passive smokers). 7 Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was increased 10- to 30-fold in placentas from smokers. Activity toward 7-ethoxyresorufin in placentas from smokers was markedly inhibited in vitro by addition of 7,8-benzoflavone. Among nonsmokers, percent inhibition of O-deethylase activity by 7,8-benzoflavone was greater (P less than 0.05) in placentas from women passively exposed to cigarette smoke. Human placental monooxygenase activity is sensitive to both active and passive cigarette smoke exposure. PMID- 7297028 TI - Symposium on reconstruction of the nose. PMID- 7297027 TI - Reduced verapamil clearance during long-term oral administration. AB - Plasma concentrations of verapamil and its metabolite, norverapamil, were measured in six patients with supraventricular tachycardia after the first and seventh dose of a regimen consisting of 120 mg every 8 hr by month. Steady state was reached by the seventh dose and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) at steady state (1999 +/- 435[SD] ng/ml . hr) was greater than that after the first dose (788 +/- 224, P less than 0.001). This unexpected cumulation was associated with prolongation of verapamil half-life (t1/2) from 2.75 +/- 1.14 to 4.52 +/- 1.10 hr. Norverapamil AUC also rose from 1225 +/- 405 to 2312 +/- 963 ng/ml/hr during the attainment of steady state. We conclude that verapamil cumulates to a greater extent than predicted from its t1/2, due to reduction in hepatic clearance. PMID- 7297029 TI - Reconstructive rhinoplasty of the tip. AB - Loss of the nasal tip has a more disastrous effect on the face than the size of the deformity would suggest, thus reconstruction becomes vital. Immediate replacement of the severed piece is first choice. If this is not possible and the defect is no more than 1.25 cm at its thickest depth, an auricular chondrocutaneous graft is next choice. When the tip defect is more extensive, a midline vertical forehead flap or, in rare cases, an arm flap is indicated. PMID- 7297030 TI - Reconstruction of partial loss of nose. PMID- 7297031 TI - Reconstruction of major nasal defects. PMID- 7297033 TI - Reconstruction of agenesis of the external nose secondary to congenital hypertelorism. PMID- 7297032 TI - Nasolabial flap with simultaneous cartilage graft in nasal alar reconstruction. PMID- 7297034 TI - Body fluid volumes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - 1. Plasma volume, packed cell volume (PCV), blood pressure, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and evans blue disappearance rate were measured in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats and in weight-matched Wistar normotensive rats. 2. Over the weight range studied (250-350 g), plasma and blood volumes were significantly lower in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Extracellular fluid volumes were similar in the two groups. PCV and Evans blue disappearance rates were significantly higher in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 3. Negative correlations were obtained between plasma volume and mean arterial pressure and between the plasma/interstitial fluid volume ratio and mean arterial pressure. 4. The normal extracellular fluid volume and the lack of correlation with mean arterial pressure excludes volume expansion as a pressor mechanism during the established phase of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 7297035 TI - Creatinine excretion as an index of myofibrillar protein mass in dystrophic mice. AB - 1. Daily creatinine excretion in the urine of normal and dystrophic mice was determined and then the carcass proteins were quantitatively extracted into soluble, myofibrillar and collagenous fractions. 2. On a live body-weight basis, total carcass protein was 15% lower in dystrophic than in normal mice. Relative to carcass weight, however, the amount of protein was significantly lower only in male dystrophic mice. 3. The myofibrillar protein fraction comprised 36 . 3 and 32 . 5% of the total protein in male and female dystrophic mice and 48 . 8 and 45 . 0% respectively in normal mice. The decrease in myofibrillar protein in dystrophic mice was accompanied by an increase in the residual collagenous fraction of proteins. 4. The rate of excretion of creatinine was strongly correlated (r = +0 . 98) with the myofibrillar protein mass in each mouse. This relationship was the same for both normal and dystrophic mice, each gram of myofibrillar protein being associated with 3 . 6 mumol of creatinine excreted/day. 5. The creatinine excretion rate is a valid index of contractile muscle mass in murine dystrophy. PMID- 7297036 TI - Effect of strain and sex on the induction of hyperalbuminaemic proteinuria in the rat. AB - 1. Male and female rats representing the four inbred strains [Wistar (albino), Sprague-Dawley (albino), DA (brown) and PVG (hooded) rats] were injected intraperitoneally with 4 . 5-5 . 5 mg of Cohn V bovine albumin day-1 g-1 body wt. 2. The levels of proteinuria and glomerular ultrastructural damage induced in response to hyperalbuminaemia varied widely with the strain and sex of rat studied, being highest in the male Wistar and lowest in the male Sprague-Dawley. 3. A survey of the relevant literature shows that these results probably explain most of the reported inconsistencies and anomalies concerning the effect of parenteral protein injection in the rat. PMID- 7297037 TI - Effect of renal failure on erythrocyte purine nucleotide, nucleoside and base concentrations and some related enzyme activities. AB - 1. We have studied purine metabolism in renal failure using high-pressure liquid chromatography to determine metabolite concentrations in erythrocytes and plasma, and microradiochemical assays of enzyme activity in erythrocytes. 2. The mean activities of some of the enzymes involved in purine metabolism were raised in renal failure. Significant elevations of adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) but not of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7) and ribosephosphate pyrophosphokinase (phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase; EC 2.7.6.1) activities were demonstrated. However, there was an overlap between results from patients with renal failure and normal (control) subjects. Erythrocyte phosphoribosylpyrophosphate levels were also unchanged. 3. Erythrocyte nucleotide concentrations especially those of inosine were raised in renal failure. 4. The plasma inosine was reduced in renal failure. 5. The significance of these changes is discussed. PMID- 7297038 TI - Peritubular interaction of unconjugated bilirubin in isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - 1. The interaction of unconjugated bilirubin with peritubular cell membranes of the rat kidney was studied by means of an isolated rat-kidney preparation applying the multiple-indicator-dilution technique. 2. Inulin was used as an extracellular marker and p-aminohippuric acid as a model of organic anion that interacts with the peritubular membrane. 3. A single renal artery injection of a mixture containing inulin and unconjugated bilirubin was followed by the appearance of the two compounds in the venous effluent. The unconjugated bilirubin curve was always under the curve of inulin and its mean transit time was always less than that of inulin. 4. The cumulative venous recovery of inulin was higher than that of unconjugated bilirubin. 5. When unconjugated bilirubin uptake was plotted against the injected dose of pigment the relationship suggested a saturation phenomenon. 6. The recovery of p-aminohippuric acid was significantly increased when unconjugated bilirubin was added. 7. The results provide evidence for the interaction of unconjugated bilirubin with the peritubular cell membranes of rat kidney. PMID- 7297039 TI - Urinary excretion of bile acids in cholestasis: evidence for renal tubular secretion in man. AB - 1. The apparent renal clearance of intravenously injected [14C]glycocholate and [3H]chenodeoxycholate-3-sulphate was estimated in 22 patients with cholestasis. The degree of protein binding of the isotopes in serum from these patients was determined. The effects of pharmacological agents, changes in urine flow rate and pH on renal clearance was studied. 2. The mean renal clearance of [14C]glycocholate was 1 . 7 +/- 0 . 4 ml/min (mean +/- SEM), and that of [3H]chenodeoxycholate-3-sulphate was 6 . 4 +/- 0 . 9 ml/min. [14C]Glycocholate was 80 . 1% protein bound and [3H]chenodeoxycholate-3-sulphate 96 . 5% protein bound. 3. Comparisons of the observed clearance rates with those calculated on the basis of glomerular filtration of the unbound fraction suggest that whereas [14C]glycocholate is predominantly reabsorbed by the renal tubules, [3H]chenodeoxycholate-3-sulphate appears in the urine mainly as the result of tubular secretion. 4. Probenecid, ethacrynic acid, frusemide and bendrofluazide decreased the clearance of both bile acids, implying competition for secretion via the proximal tubular organic acid secretory pathway between these compounds and bile acids. 5. Passive non-ionic diffusion does not seem to be an important mechanism in the renal excretion of bile acids as changes in urine flow rate and pH did not influence bile acid clearance. 6. A greater affinity of the proximal tubular organic acid secretory pathway for sulphated than for non-sulphated bile acids may explain the higher observed renal clearance rate of sulphated bile acids. PMID- 7297040 TI - Role of vagal airway reflexes in control of ventilation in pulmonary fibrosis. AB - 1. In 10 patients with pulmonary fibrosis and in seven control subjects, we measured the pressure at the mouth 0 . 1 s after onset of an inspiration against occluded airway (P 0 . 1), minute ventilation (VI), breathing frequency (fr), tidal volume (VT), inspiratory duration (Ti) and calculated the mean inspiratory flow (VT/Ti) and the fraction of the breath cycle devoted to inspiration (Ti/T tot.). In the patients measurements were made at normal arterial oxygen saturations (SaO2), before and after lignocaine airway anaesthesia. 2. Efficacy of airway anaesthesia was tested by the cough response to citric acid inhalation. 3. In pulmonary fibrosis P 0 . 1, f1 and VT/Ti were greater than in the control subjects, VT and Ti were smaller and Ti/T tot. and VI were not different. 4. Effective airway anaesthesia did not modify P 0 . 1 and breathing pattern parameters observed in pulmonary fibrosis. 5. These results suggest that airway receptors do not contribute to a major extent to the control of breathing in pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7297041 TI - The relationship between plasma lithium and the renal responsiveness to arginine vasopressin in man. AB - 1. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was measured in morning samples of urine from 58 patients treated with lithium for unipolar or bipolar affective disorders and from 25 healthy control subjects. 2. The AVP excretion rate was increased in the patients treated with lithium and was related to the plasma lithium concentration. The increase in AVP excretion is the result of a renal resistance to AVP so that what has been observed is an effect of lithium in vivo related to its plasma level over the therapeutic range. PMID- 7297042 TI - Sodium restriction in the treatment of hypertension. AB - There is a need for nonpharmacologic approaches to hypertension treatment, particularly in those patients with mild elevations in blood pressure. Evidence suggests that development of hypertension is related to excess sodium ingestion in many people and that sodium restriction provides simple, safe, and effective therapy. Dietary sodium restriction should be considered as initial and adjunctive therapy for hypertensive persons, particularly those who are receiving thiazide diuretics. Although validated methods of estimating dietary sodium intake are not yet established, overnight urinary collections provide a convenient approach. Chemical chloride strips may greatly facilitate compliance. PMID- 7297043 TI - Sinus node disorders: development and therapeutic intervention. PMID- 7297044 TI - Therapeutic uses of calcium-blocking agents:verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem. PMID- 7297045 TI - The asymptomatic carotid bruit. PMID- 7297046 TI - Mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7297047 TI - Myocardial infarction ruled out: a high-risk patient group. PMID- 7297048 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiography in the evaluation of pericardial effusion. PMID- 7297049 TI - Kawasaki disease and its complications. AB - The cause of Kawasaki disease is not known. Diagnosis is made by exclusion and by clinical examination. Serious complications may occur, the most common and chief cause of death being coronary arteritis. No specific therapy other than aspirin is known to be of value, and steroids are probably contraindicated, especially with coronary arteritis. Long-term follow-up in cardiac cases is indicated. Frequency of diagnosis will depend on suspicion of possibility of the disease. PMID- 7297050 TI - Acute intracranial hemorrhage in childhood. PMID- 7297051 TI - Mild hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor. AB - One thing is now clear; a little hypertension can be lethal, and rigid normalization of the pressure prolongs life and reduces cardiovascular sequelae of hypertension, possibly including coronary heart disease. There is little excuse for not treating hypertension, including mild hypertension. However, while all hypertension should be treated, for some, particularly mild hypertension, only hygienic measures such as weight reduction, salt restriction, avoidance of cigarettes, and diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may be all that is required. Risk can be cut in half in a hypertensive who stops smoking (Table 6). Controlled trials to test the efficiency of such measures in mild hypertension are needed. For those mild hypertensives with a poor cardiovascular risk profile whose pressures remain high despite hygienic measures, vigorous and sustained drug therapy are necessary. PMID- 7297053 TI - A rapid and sensitive radioreceptor assay for tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7297052 TI - Receptor techniques in the study of plasma levels of neuroleptics and antidepressant drugs. PMID- 7297054 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of the hallucinogenic agent DOM. PMID- 7297055 TI - A methodology for the analysis of rural primary health care delivery systems. PMID- 7297058 TI - Acute management of cardiothoracic trauma. PMID- 7297056 TI - Computer animated films for teaching. PMID- 7297057 TI - Primary retroperitoneal tumors: presentation, investigation, management. PMID- 7297059 TI - Multiple myeloma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. PMID- 7297060 TI - Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT). PMID- 7297061 TI - Work in progress: preventing suicide among physicians and other members of the health-care team. PMID- 7297062 TI - Coping with the stress of medical practice. PMID- 7297063 TI - Brain death: a reevaluation of the Harvard criteria. PMID- 7297064 TI - The future of comprehensive health planning. PMID- 7297065 TI - Influence of an intrauterine device on the course of an acute salpingitis. PMID- 7297066 TI - First and midtrimester abortion with intramuscular injections of sulprostone. AB - An intramuscular injection of a newer PGE2 analogue (Sulprostone) was given to fifty-seven patients for a late first or second trimester abortion. The drug was injected in doses of 500 microgram every 6 hours for a maximum of 24 hours. Fifty two patients aborted. The incidence of gastrointestinal side effects was similar to patients receiving intramuscular 15-methyl PGF2 alpha and there were no serious complications. PMID- 7297067 TI - The vaginal administration of 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene PGE2 for second trimester abortion. AB - 9-Deoxo-16,16-dimethyl 9-methylene PGE2 was given as a vaginal suppository at 0 and 8 hours to 37 patients. Two different doses were given, a 75-mg and 60-mg dose. The larger dose achieved an 86% abortion rate at 24 hours and for the smaller dose it was 53%. When an intramuscular injection of 15-methyl PGF2 alpha Tham was added at 24 hours, the success rate was 91% and 80% at 36 hours. The incidence of gastrointestinal side effects were significantly reduced when compared to vaginal administration of either PGE2 or 15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester. The incidence of temperature elevation was similar to that achieved with the use of vaginal PGE2 but higher than with the use of vaginal 15-methyl PGF2 alpha methyl ester. PMID- 7297068 TI - Effects of norgestimate in combination with ethinyl estradiol on cervical mucus. AB - The antifertility effect of norgestimate (Ng) 0.125 mg in combination with ethinyl estradiol (EE) 0.035 mg on cervical mucus of 5 apparently normal and ovulatory volunteer women was studied for 2 cycles: a control cycle followed by a study cycle in which the medication was given. Throughout both cycles, basal body temperature, cervical mucus properties, sperm penetration in cervical mucus and karyopyknotic index of vaginal cells were evaluated. Disappearance of cyclicity of these parameters in the study cycle as well as monophasic basal body temperature were suggestive of inhibition of ovulation caused by the combination pill. Deterioration of cervical mucus properties throughout the study cycle and inhibition of sperm penetration may be a reflection of anovulation. However, a direct antifertility effect of Ng on cervical mucus cannot be excluded. PMID- 7297069 TI - Effects of steroids on the in vitro forward migration of human spermatozoa. AB - The effects of 14 steroids at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 micrograms/ml on human spermatozoal forward migration in vitro were tested. Oestradiol-17 beta at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml significantly activated spermatozoal forward migration in ejaculated human semen. However, the effect of oestradiol-17 beta at concentrations of 2 and 10 micrograms/ml on ejaculated human sperm motility was not significantly different from the control where no steroid was added. Progesterone, testosterone, oestriol, oestrone, oestradiol-17d, and ethinyl oestradiol significantly inhibited human spermatozoal forward migration at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml. Chlormadinone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate at concentrations of 2 and 10 micrograms/ml significantly inhibited human spermatozoal forward migration, while norethynodrel, ethynodiol diacetate, norgestrel and lynoestrenol significantly inhibited human spermatozoal forward migration at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 micrograms/ml. However, norethindrone had no demonstrable effect on human spermatozoal forward migration at the above concentrations. PMID- 7297070 TI - Influence of copper ions on uterine activity. AB - The influence of copper ions on myometrial activity was tested in nonpregnant rabbits in vitro and in vivo, and nonpregnant women in vivo. In an organ bath, CuCl2 in concentrations of 3 micro M and higher caused a dose-dependent increase in the contractile activity of isolated rabbit myometrium. In rabbits in vivo, intrauterine instillations of 0.2 to 2 mM of CuCl2 in 0.6 ml of saline solution caused a dose-dependent increase of myometrial activity in the uterine horn where it was injected, and the response lasted up to 30 minutes. The activity in the other horn remained unchanged and control injections with saline had no effect. Also, in nonpregnant women, a clear and dose-dependent effect of 1 ml of 0.3 to 3 mM of CuCl2 dissolved in saline was observed after intrauterine instillation. Saline itself in the same volume had no effect. It is estimated that the intrauterine doses of copper which were used in these experiments lead to Cu++ concentrations in the uterine tissues which were similar to those in women carrying a copper IUD, and it is suggested that the copper from such IUDs might have effects on myometrial activity contributing to the contraceptive action and to some of the side-effects of these devices. PMID- 7297071 TI - Gossypol: its toxicological and endocrinological effects in male rabbits. AB - The effects of different doses of orally administered polyphenolic compound 'Gossypol' on semen quality, circulating testosterone (T) and fertility of Dutch belted male rabbits were studied. Bucks fed daily with 80, 40, 20 mg/kg day gossypol died within 8-17, 23-35 or 35-84 days, respectively, after initiation of treatment. Following gossypol treatment at 80, 40 or 20 mg/kg/day, animals lost appetite and body weight, developed hind limb paralysis, breathing difficulties and collapsed while sitting in their cages. At autopsy, the liver and lungs were found congested while the stomach and intestines contained gases. On the other hand, rabbits fed daily with 10 mg/kg/day gossypol exhibited a survival time ranging from 77 to 250 days. Despite the severe side effects resulting in eventual deaths, weekly semen samples from all treated animals did not show any apparent change in sperm motility, morphology or population. Likewise, gossypol treated males mated to estrous does exhibited a fertility comparable to vehicle treated controls. Gossypol fed at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for up to 35 weeks failed to induce sterility. Male rabbits, fed with either 20 or 10 mg/kg/day gossypol, that survived for longer periods of time had substantially reduced T levels by 12-20 weeks depending upon the dose but were fertile at all times. When the in vitro release of T from the rat testes mince in the presence of hCG and gossypol was evaluated, an inhibiton of T release was recorded. It is concluded that although gossypol has been shown to be an effective antifertility agent in several mammalian species, it failed to exhibit such an effect in Dutch-belted rabbits, although serum T levels were reduced. In addition, gossypol exhibited a wide spectrum of toxicity. The in vitro study demonstrated that high concentration of gossypol can directly inhibit the T synthesis in the testis. PMID- 7297072 TI - Serum ribonuclease activity in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Ribonuclease (RNase) activity measured at pH 7.8 (the alkaline RNase) and pH 6.7 (the acid RNase) was estimated in serum of 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The estimations were performed on the first day of disease, then on the seven consecutive days and on the 14th day. A significant elevation in both alkaline and acid RNase activities on days 1--7 of AMI was found, compared with healthy control subjects. Elevation in both acid and alkaline RNase activity began on the 1st day of AMI and continued to increase up to peak values on the 3rd day for acid RNase and the 5 the day for alkaline RNase. On the 14th day both alkaline and acid RNase activities came back to the range found in normal sera. Increase in serum acid and alkaline RNase activity in AMI showed a time pattern different from that of GOT and GPT aminotransferases. However, the relationship between the elevation of serum RNase activity and severity of the disease was obvious. PMID- 7297074 TI - Effect of coffee ingestion on the left ventricular systolic time intervals at rest, during physical effort and the recovery period. AB - The investigations were carried out in 50 young healthy men, of whom 20 made an increasing submaximal physical effort on a bicycle ergometer after drinking a 250 ml coffee infusion (20 g of pure natural coffee); the remaining 30 men represented the control group. The left ventricular systolic time intervals (LVSTI) were obtained from polycardiograms by means of the Weissler et al. method. It was found that 20 minutes after coffee drinking the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) and LVET/PEP ratio increased whereas the pre-ejection period index (PEPI) and the isovolumic contraction time (ICT) decreased. This improvement of the activity of the heart as a pump which is indirect proof of increased myocardial contractility after drinking coffee was especially noticeable during subsequent phases of physical effort. The recovery period in group 1 was characterized by a reduced PEPI and ICT and increased LVETI and LVETI/PEP ratio as compared with the control group. PMID- 7297075 TI - Estimation of the correlation between the transcutaneous aortic flow velocity curve and impedance cardiogram in normal children. AB - 83 measurements of stroke volume from an impedance cardiogram and of the corresponding area under the systolic complex of the aortic flow velocity curve obtained by means of the transcutaneous ultrasound Doppler device were carried out in 15 normal children. Between the "ideal" complexes and those requiring a little reconstruction (below 10% of maximal height of the given complex) and corresponding stroke volumes, significant correlation and regression coefficients were found. It has been suggested that the aortic flow velocity curve obtained by means of the transcutaneous ultrasound nondirectional Doppler device would be helpful in approximately estimating the stroke volume in normal children. PMID- 7297077 TI - Beyond technology: intensive care in the 1980s. PMID- 7297073 TI - The peculiarities of lipid and protein components of the high- and low-density lipoproteins in patients suffering from coronary atherosclerosis with different number of affected coronary arteries. AB - In 81 patients with coronary atherosclerosis, with different number of affected coronary arteries determined by selective coronarography, the blood plasma levels of low-density (LDLP) and high-density (HDLP) lipoproteins were determined, and their lipid and protein components were analyzed. In patients with two and three arteries affected, there were found -- in comparison with the control group (patients with neurocirculatory asthenia) and patients with one coronary artery affected: higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol of very-low density lipoproteins (VLDLP), LDLP cholesterol, and moderate value of the VLDLP+LDLP cholesterol/HDLP cholesterol ratio(s.c. atherogenicity coefficient). The HDLP cholesterol level was decreased in all groups of patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Along with the increasing number of arteries affected the percentage of esterified cholesterol in the HDLP decreased, free cholesterol in the HDLP and esterified cholesterol in the LDLP rose. PMID- 7297076 TI - The role of the heart in the mechanism modifying the functional state of the blood clotting and fibrinolytic systems in thyroxine toxicosis. AB - In 36 rabbits the role of the heart in the genesis of changes in the tissue components of blood clotting and fibrinolysis in thyroxine toxicosis was studied. It was found that on the 5th and 10th days of toxicosis the thromboplastic (P = 0.002) an anticoagulant (P less than 0.001) myocardial activities decreased, and on the 15th day, increased. On the 20th day the myocardial thromboplastic activity remained increased, whereas the anticoagulant activity was further sinking (P = 0.05). Simultaneously the total fibrinolytic activity in the blood flowing through the heart and in myocardial extract increased (P less than 0.001), and the antiplasmin activity decreased. PMID- 7297079 TI - Iatrogenic hyperphosphatemia: a metabolic consideration in critical care medicine. PMID- 7297078 TI - Hemodynamic effects of hyperosmolal glucose infusion in the critically ill patient. AB - A 30% glucose solution was infused for 4 h at a rate of 1.53 ml . kg-1, corresponding to 10 g . kg-1 . 24 h-1 in 8 critically ill patients requiring parenteral nutrition. The osmotic load resulted in an expanded blood volume due to hemodilution. Stroke volume (SV) increased, while peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (WP) decreased. Otherwise, no major effects on the circulation were observed. Thus, during these experimental conditions, the heart seems to cope very well with the increased osmotic load. PMID- 7297080 TI - Bedside calculation of body surface area for infants and children. AB - In 179 healthy boys and girls, the relationship between body surface area (S) in dm2 and body weight (bw) in kg was investigated. The body surface was calculated from the DuBois and DuBois formula. For infants below 20 kg, the relationship followed the regression equation S=3.6kg + 9; r=0.996. For infants with bw between 20-40 kg, the regression equation S=2.5.kg + 33; r=0.977 was found. These equations can easily be memorized and may be able to replace nomograms when bedside calculations of the S is required. In addition, formulas for the volume of plasma expander to be used in the prophylaxis and treatment of shock, trauma, and burn injuries are presented. PMID- 7297081 TI - Analysis of newborn intensive care by time-lapse photography. AB - The activities of nurses, residents, and fellows providing newborn intensive care were studied by time-lapse photography. Six of 40 frames taken each hour during a 23-day period were evaluated. Time spent in bedside care, charting, handwashing, and other activities were estimated for personnel in a four-bed area. The amount of care prescribed for each infant was assessed independently by calculation of a care score from the physicians' orders. Physician activities were significantly diminished at night and on weekends. Bedside care given by physicians increased abruptly at high care scores. Total bedside nursing care was unaffected by time related variables (day vs. night; weekday vs. weekend; nursing rotations). Regression analysis showed a linear two- to three-fold increase in bedside nursing time with increasing care score. Individual nurses differed significantly in mean time devoted to bedside care and in their response to increasing infant care score. Differences between nurses accounted for as much of the total variation in bedside care (30%) as did differences between infants in care needs. Many factors are likely to affect the individual or group performance of nursery staff. The traditional duty schedule for physicians is associated with a deterioration in their performance at night and the nocturnal increase in neonatal acidosis and mortality previously reported by the authors. PMID- 7297082 TI - Effect of thoracic venting on arterial pressure, and flow during external cardiopulmonary resuscitation in animals. PMID- 7297084 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: physical stress on the rescuer. AB - The physical stress on the rescuer performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was assessed utilizing the ECG, rate pressure product (RPP), and total body oxygen consumption (VO2). Six healthy physicians served as rescuers. Only a submaximal physical effort was required to perform good CPR, as demonstrated by the heart rate and VO2 changes. However, the effect was enough to generate a mean rescuer RPP approaching 20,000 with 2 of the rescuers well over 20,000. These data suggest that CPR might elicit ischemic symptoms in a rescuer with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7297083 TI - Contrasts between intrathoracic pressures during external chest compression and cardiac massage. AB - Pressures were measured in the right atrium, thoracic aorta, and pleural space during conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and simultaneous ventilation compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SVC-CPR) in dogs, pigs, and a baboon. During both forms of closed chest resuscitation, the changes in atrial and aortic pressures were virtually identical over a range of 0-90 mm Hg and essentially equaled the change in pleural pressure measured at the most lateral portion of the chest cavity. During internal cardiac massage, there was no consistent relationship between right atrial and aortic pressures. However, even after the chest had been opened, the hemodynamics of external chest compression could be restored by the creation of a closed, air filled cavity surrounding the heart and great vessels. Thus, elevation of intrathoracic pressure, not direct cardiac compression, is essential to and determine circulation of blood during CPR. PMID- 7297085 TI - Measurement of tracheal airflow in newborns by a differential flow system. AB - The differential arrangement of two pneumotachographs in a gas blow-by system, upstream and downstream from the patient connection port, permits accurate measurement of the tracheal air flow without introduction of flowmeter dead space. The method does not require but will accept a constant background gas flow rate and permits humidification and easy switching of the inhalant gases. The admissible background flow rates limiting measurement errors below 5% in the range of tidal volumes relevant for newborns for two sizes of commercially available pneumotachographs were found to be -3 L/min and 0-12 L/min, respectively. The lack of restrictions imposed on the properties of the background flow source makes the differential system especially suitable for measurement of ventilation and pulmonary mechanics in spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated newborn infants. PMID- 7297087 TI - Hyperoncotic state and hypovolemia associated with heat injury. PMID- 7297086 TI - Endotracheal prosthesis for positive pressure ventilation after tracheal injury. PMID- 7297088 TI - Cimetidine induced psychosis--varied mechanism of action. PMID- 7297089 TI - High frequency jet ventilation. PMID- 7297090 TI - Quantitative analysis of collagen from normal developing corneas and corneal scars. AB - We measured the relative solubility of collagen in acetic acid after pepsin digestion and tentatively identified the types of collagen present in corneas of rabbits of various ages and in corneal scar tissue, using hydroxyproline assays and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses. More than 80% of the collagen in normal developing rabbit cornea was soluble after pepsin treatment; no more than 45% of that in two-week-old corneal scars was soluble. The predominant collagens in normal cornea and healing tissue were types I and AB. Type AB increased from 6% of the total collagen in fetal cornea to 11% in cornea from young adults. Collagen from two-week-old corneal wounds contained 16% type AB. Corneal type AB collagen was less soluble and more resistant to degradation by mammalian collagenase than was type I collagen. Unlike the normal cornea, in healing tissue the relative rate of synthesis of type I to type AB collagens did not correspond to their deposition. These results suggest a basic alteration in the molecular structure of the corneal scar, which may be instrumental in preventing the healing tissue from producing a normal, functioning organ. PMID- 7297091 TI - The ocular pulse. AB - A recording applanation tonometer was used to examine the ocular pulse in normal subjects and patients with ocular hypertension, open angle glaucoma and low tension glaucoma. The mean pulse amplitude of right eyes of normal subjects was 2.84 mm Hg +/- 1.16 and 2.83 mm Hg +/- 1.18 for left eyes. Only 2% of subjects showed an interocular difference in pulse amplitude of more than 0.5 mm Hg. There were significant differences in pulse amplitude with refractive errors. Hypermetropic eyes had the largest pulse amplitude and myopic eyes the smallest. There was no significant correlation between pulse amplitude and intraocular pressure or age in normal subjects. The mean pulse amplitude of eyes with open angle glaucoma was significantly higher than that of normals. The mean pulse amplitude of a small number of eyes with ocular hypertension was significantly higher and eyes with low tension glaucoma had significantly lower pulse amplitudes than normal subjects. PMID- 7297094 TI - A search for the photoreceptor in the photosensitive irises of normally pigmented and albino hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - Hamsters are among the mammalian species whose irises are directly sensitive to light, responding with a constriction even when completely isolated from the rest of the hamster. Examination of the ultrastructure of the irises of both normally pigmented and albino hamsters disclosed a typical vertebrate iris, containing a sphincter and dilator pupillae, and anterior stromal layer, and two layers of pigment epithelial cells. No structures obviously specialized for photoreception were found. We examined the possibility that the pigment granules in the cells of the sphincter pupillae are photosensitive, and that their electron-dense melanin masks some photosensitive structure. However, this was ruled out by the observation that albino irises, which are photosensitive, are devoid of even rudimentary pigment granules. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sarcolemmas of the smooth muscle cells of the sphincter pupillae are photosensitive in this species. PMID- 7297092 TI - The effect of bicarbonate ion concentration on trans-endothelial short circuit current in ox corneas. AB - Experiments were performed in vitro, to determine the effect of bicarbonate ion concentration on bovine cornea endothelial potential difference, short circuit current and resistance. Corneas were perfused with Ringer solutions containing 36, 12, 6, 3, 0 mM NaHCO3. Endothelial potential difference, short circuit current and resistance were measured at each concentration. Decreasing the bicarbonate concentration resulted in a reversible and parallel fall in potential difference and short circuit current, whereas resistance remained unchanged. The results demonstrate that bicarbonate is a necessary component of the mechanisms that generate trans-endothelial short circuit current. PMID- 7297095 TI - A controlled eye irrigation system. AB - Irrigation of the eye and adnexa is a way of removing damaging material and treating different diseases by applying medicants in the irrigant in humans and in laboratory animals. A system for controlled eye irrigation in animals is presented, suggesting possible use in human patients as well. PMID- 7297096 TI - Demonstration of active sodium transport across the isolated rabbit corneal endothelium. AB - The recent demonstration of sodium-sensitivity and chloride-insensitivity of the bicarbonate transport system of the rabbit corneal endothelium promoted a further examination of sodium fluxes across this membrane. Unidirectional fluxes were measured on paired endothelia at steady state. A net sodium flux from stroma to aqueous was found with a value of 3.5 muequiv/cm2/hr (almost double that of bicarbonate transport), which was independent of the ambient bicarbonate concentration. PMID- 7297093 TI - Anti-inflammatory effects of betamethasone phosphate, dexamethasone phosphate and indomethacin on rabbit ocular inflammation induced by bovine serum albumin. AB - Following the induction of immunogenic uveitis betamethasone and dexamethasone reduced conjunctiva and iris hyperemia and aqueous flare. Indomethacin reduced iris hyperemia, but potentiated conjunctival hyperemia. All three agents inhibited the increase in the protein content of the aqueous that follows induction of immunogenic uveitis. Betamethasone was slightly more potent than dexamethasone and indomethacin. White cell entry into the aqueous was inhibited by betamethasone and dexamethasone. Paradoxically, however, indomethacin significantly potentiated the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) entering the aqueous. The anti-inflammatory effects of steroidal agents may be due to the inhibition of the release of arachidonic acid (AA) which is a precursor of both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products. The potentiation of the PMN response by indomethacin in immunogenic uveitis may be due to an inhibition of cyclooxygenase product formation and a facilitation of lipoxygenase products (which are potent chemotactic agents) from AA. PMID- 7297097 TI - Corneal edema in phakic and aphakic eyes. AB - Explanations are given for the physiological behavior of the cornea in the phakic and aphakic eye and for a cornea covered by a contact lens that causes epithelial anoxia. The normal, constant hydration of the cornea is a result of active ion transport by the endothelial layer. The hypoxic epithelium under a contact lens produces lactate ion that migrates to the posterior portion of the cornea where it modifies the normal stromal balance between osmotic and inhibition pressures. A consequence of this modification can be corneal swelling. A reduction in cell count of the endothelial layer, together with a possible increase in aqueous humor oxygen tension is believed to be responsible for the smaller amount of swelling caused by epithelial hypoxia in the aphakic eye. PMID- 7297098 TI - Inhibition of collagen cross-linking: a new approach to ocular scarring. AB - A method for the production of alkali-induced conjunctival scarring in rabbits with minimal corneal involvement is presented. The lathyritic agent Beta aminopropionitrile (BAPN), an inhibitor of collagen cross-linking, was applied topically for a period of 21 days after induction of injury. There was a statistically significant (p less than .025) increase in both the interpalpebral fissure length and width of scarred treated animals compared with the scarred control group. BAPN did not affect the interpalpebral fissure measurements of unscarred rabbit eyes. No clinical adverse effects were observed after the treatment period. Histological evaluation of the treated scar tissue was consistent with lathyrism. PMID- 7297099 TI - Epithelial invasion and secretion of banded collagen in the regenerating lens capsule of the rat. AB - The invasion of large areas of the anterior lens capsule by epithelial cells occurs during regeneration of this basement membrane, in the 3 to 4 months after the capsule has been thinned by collagenase enzyme. The regenerated capsule in these areas is grossly abnormal; it contains up to 15 alternating layers of banded collagen and apparently normal capsular material. The epithelial cells within the laminated capsule, which may secrete the banded collagen, are fibroblast-like and may migrate from the lens epithelium. Banded collagen in the lens capsule has a much smaller periodicity (approximately 5.3nm) than that found in other parts of the eye and may be composed of the same type of filament as normal lens capsule. PMID- 7297100 TI - Visual field area on the Goldmann hemispheric perimeter surface. Correction of cartographic errors inherent in perimetry. AB - An isopter of visual field charted using the Goldmann perimeter represents a conical area of visual space whose apex is at the eye of the subject and whose base intersects the hemispherical surface of the perimeter bowl. Conventional isopter plotting conceals cartographic distortion and leads to serious underestimates of visual field area when measured by planimetry. Mathematical methods are presented which allow estimation of the true visual field area represented by different isopters on the surface of the Goldmann hemispheric perimeter. A correction can be applied to planimetric measurements to reduce the error inherent in the transposition of the curved surface of the perimeter onto flat, polar azimuthal visual field charts. This study may form the basis for quantitative evaluation of pathological changes in the area of the visual field. PMID- 7297101 TI - Production of hybridomas secreting antibodies to the cornea. AB - Major controversies exist in the literature on the presence of blood group antigens on the endothelial and stromal layers of the cornea, and the importance of major histocompatibility typing for keratoplasty. Antibodies were raised in BALB/C mice against water soluble proteins of corneal epithelium. Following fusion of spleen cells with myeloma cells (Sp2/0-Ag14) hybrid colonies were maintained in HAT selective medium. The supernates of each colony were measured and screened for antibody production by radioimmunoassay. Gel electrophoresis of the antigen showed nine major bands. The antibodies were partially characterized by cross reaction against other soluble corneal fractions. PMID- 7297104 TI - Cardiac sound and ultrasound: echocardiographic and phonocardiographic correlations--Part I. PMID- 7297102 TI - Circadian rhythm in intraocular pressure: a rabbit model. AB - An animal model for study of the circadian rhythm in intraocular pressure (IOP) was developed using carefully maintained environmental lighting conditions. Highly predictable, precipitous increases and decreases in IOP of somewhat more than 10 mm Hg were found to be closely correlated with the onset of darkness and light, respectively. The daily spontaneous variations in IOP, once entrained, were maintained in constant darkness, but were eliminated by constant light, as is similarly seen in many mammalian systems. This model provides a novel means of investigating circadian IOP oscillation, which has been shown to be especially amplified in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). This new rabbit model may also warrant consideration for use in screening ocular antihypertensive drugs since it could obviate the gross physiological manipulations and concomitant side effects inherent in the popular methods of inducing ocular hypertension in animal models. PMID- 7297103 TI - Topical administration of the antineoplastic carmustine: tolerance of normal rabbit eyes. AB - We evaluated the tolerance of ocular tissues to topical application of the anticancer agent 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (carmustine, BCNU) in eight normal rabbit eyes. Early changes in the anterior ocular structures, including moderate to severe chemosis, lid swelling, and superficial punctate keratitis with epithelial defect and corneal edema, occurred within the first 36 hours. These changes subsided gradually following administration of Cortisporin ointment (polymyxin B-bacitracin-neomycin-hydrocortisone) in the eyes that received 1.0 mg of BCNU per day. In one of the two eyes given the 3.0-mg dose, corneal clouding with interstitial vascularization was still present 40 days after drug administration, despite Cortisporin treatment. PMID- 7297105 TI - Oncologic imaging: current status, recommendations, and limitations. PMID- 7297106 TI - Diagnosis of cancer of the prostate. PMID- 7297108 TI - Primary irradiation for carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7297107 TI - Effect of intravenous ATP-MgCl2 on cellular function in liver and muscular in hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 7297112 TI - Effect of hypovolemic hypotension and laparotomy on splanchnic and hepatic arterial blood flow in dogs. PMID- 7297110 TI - Management of esophageal perforation with a pedicled jejunal patch. PMID- 7297109 TI - Acute ammonia intoxication complicating multiple trauma. PMID- 7297111 TI - Protection against pneumococcal sepsis in splenectomized rats by implantation of splenic tissue into an omental pouch. PMID- 7297113 TI - Recurrent peptic ulcer disease 1969-1980. PMID- 7297114 TI - Lacunar defects in immunity. PMID- 7297116 TI - Lupus erythematosus hypertrophicus. Two case reports and a review of the literature. PMID- 7297115 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis. A case report and review of the literature. AB - Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a newly appreciated disease whose hallmarks are local areas of hidebound and puckered skin with peripheral eosinophilia. It looks similar to progressive systemic sclerosis and morphea but often lacks positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and Raynaud's phenomenon. Contractures over joints may develop; several cases of coincident aplastic anemia have been reported. Deep skin biopsy of involved skin reveals lymphocytes, plasma cells and occasionally eosinophils. Unlike scleroderma, EF improves with the administration of corticosteroids. PMID- 7297117 TI - Nodular cutaneous mucinosis associated with lupus erythematosus. AB - Nodular mucin-containing skin lesions in a Mexican woman were present in conjunction with probable systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Histologically, the lesions contained features of both lupus erythematosus (LE) and of the mucin deposition diseases. The clinical subsets of LE and the mucinoses are briefly reviewed and the unique clinical nature of the skin lesions in this case are emphasized. PMID- 7297119 TI - Allergic reactions to benzyl alcohol in a sunscreen. PMID- 7297118 TI - Acanthosis nigricans, florid cutaneous papillomatosis and the sign of Leser Trelat. PMID- 7297120 TI - Pruritus. PMID- 7297121 TI - Gametogenesis in a male Indian muntjac x Chinese muntjac hybrid. AB - Histological and cytogenetic examinations of testicular preparations from a male hybrid between an Indian muntjac x Chinese muntjac showed a certain degree of chromosomal homology, as evidenced by the synaptic behavior. The male hybrid is considered sterile because spermatogenetic stages were arrested at early prophase. Silver staining demonstrated that the nucleolus organizer regions of both parents were expressed, but no synaptonemal complex and sex vesicle were observed. PMID- 7297123 TI - Standard nomenclature applies to cell lines too. PMID- 7297122 TI - Breakpoint map of human translocation cell cultures available from the NIGMS human genetic mutant cell repository. PMID- 7297124 TI - The effects of distamycin A on gorilla-, chimpanzee- and orangutan lymphocyte cultures. AB - Lymphocyte cultures from the gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan were treated with the oligopeptide antibiotic distamycin A. This AT-specific DNA-ligand induces a distinct undercondensation in the quinacrine-bright heterochromatin of the gorilla and chimpanzee. This is also the case in human lymphocyte cultures. Distamycin A further causes an undercondensation in the nonheterochromatic bands 17q21 of the gorilla and 16q22 of man. No visible distamycin A-sensitive chromosome regions are determined in the orangutan. The in vitro treatment with distamycin A preserves the somatic pairings between the quinacrine-bright heterochromatic regions existing in the interphase nucleus until the succeeding metaphase stage. The phylogenetic origin of the quinacrine-bright and distamycin A-sensitive heterochromatin in the ancestor of man, the gorilla, and the chimpanzee is discussed. PMID- 7297125 TI - The pattern of early replicating bands in the chromosomes of the mouse. AB - Early replication of mouse chromosomes was studied with the BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa technique. With the help of different Robertsonian translocation chromosomes as markers, chromosomal bands that replicate early were identified. An idiogram of each chromosome was constructed. The array of replicating bands along the chromosome fits well into the existing nomenclature based on G-banding. The karyotype presented is useful for R-banding studies as well. PMID- 7297126 TI - A cyclical translocation, t(1;8;5), in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 7297127 TI - High-resolution ideograms of trypsin-Giemsa banded human chromosomes. PMID- 7297129 TI - Cervical Cancer. PMID- 7297128 TI - An international system for human cytogenetic nomenclature--high-resolution banding (1981). ISCN (1981). Report of the Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. PMID- 7297130 TI - Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7297132 TI - Precursors of cervical cancer: ultrastructural morphology. PMID- 7297133 TI - Cervical cytology as a screening method. PMID- 7297134 TI - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix--radiotherapy. PMID- 7297131 TI - Structural variations of cervical cancer and its precursors under the influence of exogenous hormones. PMID- 7297135 TI - Clinical considerations. PMID- 7297137 TI - Etiology and Epidemiology of cervical cancer. PMID- 7297136 TI - Histologic verification of cervical cancer. PMID- 7297138 TI - Is snoring a risk factor? PMID- 7297139 TI - The lung and the liver. PMID- 7297140 TI - Computed tomography of the thorax an important new diagnostic tool. PMID- 7297141 TI - Passive smoking. Effects on bronchial asthma. AB - Ten patients with bronchial asthma and ten control subjects were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke (passive smoking) for one hour in an environmental chamber. All subjects showed the same increase in carboxyhemoglobin as a result of the exposure: 0.40 percent. The asthmatic group demonstrated a significant linear decrease in pulmonary function during this exposure. After one hour of smoke, FEV1 decreased 21.4 percent, FEF25-75% decreased 19.2 percent, and FVC decreased 20.0 percent in the asthmatic patients. These alterations were readily reversible in all subjects when given inhalations of metaproterenol following the exposure. The control subjects showed no change in pulmonary function when exposed to identical conditions. These data show that nonsmokers with bronchial asthma are at risk when exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke in an environmental chamber. PMID- 7297142 TI - The value of chest roentgenograms in acute asthma in adults. AB - Chest roentgenograms were obtained in 90 episodes of acute asthma in adults coming to an emergency room. Of these 90 roentgenograms, 50 (55 percent) were interpreted as normal, 33 (37 percent) showed hyperinflation, and 6 (7 percent) showed minimal interstitial abnormalities unchanged from previous roentgenograms. One (1 percent) showed a new alveolar infiltrate in a patient with allergic aspergillosis. There was no significant correlation between chest roentgenogram interpretation and hospitalization. Our data show that the incidence of specific abnormalities on chest roentgenogram in adults with uncomplicated acute asthma is low and suggests that the information obtained from the roentgenogram is rarely helpful to outpatient management. Chest roentgenograms probably are indicated only when there is clinical evidence of pneumonia, a complication of asthma, or a pulmonary disorder that mimics asthma. PMID- 7297143 TI - beta-Adrenergic blockade with pindolol (LB-46) in mild to moderate asthma. AB - Beta-adrenergic blockade may be hazardous in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. The beta-adrenergic antagonist pindolol (LB-46) has been suggested to be more tolerable in such patients. We gave intravenously both 0.4 mg pindolol and placebo to 24 mild to moderate asthmatic subjects in remission. In 23 subjects who completed the study, there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the pindolol and placebo trials either after drug administration or following exhausting exercise after drug administration, although a trend toward reduced pulmonary function after pindolol was seen. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) were found after inhaled isoproterenol when FEV1 and peak expiratory flow rates were compared. We conclude that in this group of mild to moderate asthmatic subjects, there was no adverse effect from pindolol even during exercise-induced bronchospasm. The response to isoproterenol may have been slightly impaired, but the clinical meaning of this is unclear. PMID- 7297144 TI - Factors influencing pulsus paradoxus in asthma. AB - In five normal subjects with pulsus paradoxus (change in systolic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg) induced by breathing through external inspiratory resistance, the change in systolic blood pressure was related to swings in esophageal pressure (change in intrapleural pressure [PpI]). Effects of hyperinflation (to 75 to 85 percent of vital capacity) were examined by adding expiratory resistances, and the influence of the configuration of the chest wall was studied by using "intercostal" and "abdominal" breathing patterns. There was a curvilinear relationship between the change in systolic blood pressure and the change in PpI, and hyperinflation was not necessary for the production of pulsus paradoxus. At the same change in PpI, there was no significant difference between "intercostal" and "abdominal" breathing, suggesting that pulmonary overdistention with tensing of the mediastinum is not an important etiologic mechanism. Analysis of sustained Muller's maneuvers suggested that the temporal breathing pattern may be important in determining the degree of paradox and may account for its variability in patients with a given degree of obstruction of air flow. PMID- 7297145 TI - Effect of platelet suppressant treatment with dipyridamole and aspirin on exercise performance and platelet survival time in coronary disease. AB - Platelets may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), and platelet reactivity may be activated by exercise. Fourteen men with CAD participated in a double-blind, crossover study of aspirin (ASA), dipyridamole (DPY), ASA-DPY, and placebo. The ASA therapy increased platelet survival time (autologous labelling with 51Cr), but had no effect on either the duration of angina-limited treadmill exercise or the heart rate-systolic blood pressure product (x 10(-2)) at peak exercise. The combination DPY-ASA had a greater effect on platelet survival, but did not substantially increase the duration of exercise. Administration of DPY alone at a higher dosage increased the exercise duration and had a similar effect on platelet survival. At the time that control exercise was completed with the higher dosage of DPY, the rate pressure product was decreased. The results suggest that DPY and ASA favorably alter the platelet survival in men with CAD, and that DPY, but not ASA, favorably alters exercise performance. Although ASA and ASA-DPY may alter platelet response to exercise, the effect is not shown in hemodynamic measurements during exercise. In higher dosages, DPY may be an effective coronary vasodilator for men with CAD. PMID- 7297147 TI - The diagnosis of pleural effusions by fiberoptic bronchoscopy and pleuroscopy. AB - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was carried out in 28 patients with an undiagnosed pleural effusion. In four patients, the diagnosis was made by this examination. Three patients had bronchial carcinomas, and one had tuberculosis. None of these four patients had roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary infiltrates, atelectasis, or mass lesions. Pleuroscopic examination was performed in 14 patients with the fiberoptic bronchoscope. The diagnosis was made in three. Prior nondiagnostic blind needle biopsy had been carried out in 11 patients and in all three diagnosed by pleuroscopy. Two patients had metastatic carcinoma of the pleural and one tuberculosis. Of 12 patients with effusions and positive Mantoux tests who had no other evidence of tuberculosis, none had clinical evidence of the disease during the period of follow-up. We conclude that bronchoscopic and pleuroscopic examination is of value in the work-up of patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions without roentgenographic evidence of mass lesion or atelectasis. PMID- 7297146 TI - Diagnosis of coronary artery disease by multigated radionuclide angiography during right atrial pacing. AB - Right atrial pacing in conjunction with radionuclide angiography was used as a method to augment gradually myocardial oxygen demand in seven normal subjects and 11 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD). In five of the seven normal subjects the ECG during atrial pacing was normal and falsely pathologic in the two others; in all seven the ejection fraction (64 +/- 8 percent) did not change during the pacing. The atrial pacing was positive in seven of the eleven patients with CAD and falsely negative in four. In comparison, nine of these patients had more than 15 percent reduction in ejection fraction, while only two were regarded as negative. A maximal decrease of 31 percent in the average ejection fraction was observed in CAD patients at a pacing rate of 160/min. Wall motion pattern remained normal in all seven normal subjects, while new wall motion abnormalities developed during the atrial pacing in nine of the 11 CAD patients. We concluded that changes in ejection fraction induced by atrial pacing are sensitive indicators of myocardial ischemia. In patients with CAD, ejection fraction falls during pacing compared with normal subjects in whom ejection fraction remains unchanged. PMID- 7297148 TI - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in liver cirrhosis. AB - Impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is frequently cited as an explanation for the hypoxemia of liver cirrhosis. We investigated the pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic responses to acute inspiratory hypoxia, 12.5 percent oxygen in nitrogen during 10 minutes, in 24 patients with mildly to moderately decompensated liver cirrhosis and arterial hypoxemia. A mean increase of 50 percent in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was observed, which is comparable to reported responses of normal subjects to a similar degree of hypoxia. Seven of the 24 patients showed an increase in PVR of less than 20 percent. Compared with the other patients, no difference could be found between both groups in baseline blood gas and hemodynamic determinations, physical examination, liver function tests, and laboratory tests that may be disturbed by circulating endotoxin. Five of the 24 patients had a hyperkinetic circulatory state, but only one of them failed to increase PVR in response to hypoxia. Considering the whole group of 24 patients, there was no correlation between PaO2, PVR, and PVR response to hypoxia. Impairment of HPV is probably not the right explanation for most cirrhotic patients with arterial hypoxemia. PMID- 7297149 TI - An assessment of myocardial function in human sepsis utilizing ECG gated cardiac scintigraphy. PMID- 7297150 TI - Spontaneous dissection of the ascending aorta diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - In two patients with acute dissection of the ascending aorta, the diagnosis was made with two-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed by aortography. The echocardiograms localized the intimal flap and false channel in both cases. Although clinical evaluation and indicated radiologic studies remain the primary modalities of diagnosis in acute aortic dissection, two-dimensional echocardiography may be a useful additional diagnostic technique. PMID- 7297151 TI - Acceleration of ventricular tachycardia induced by a chest thump. AB - Chest thump is accepted as a simple and effective maneuver for terminating a paroxysm of ventricular tachycardia. This report describes three patients receiving digitalis in whom chest thump caused an acceleration of the rate of ventricular tachycardia. Following discontinuation of digitalis therapy, chest thump converted to sinus rhythm recurrence of ventricular tachycardia in two patients and did not cause acceleration of the ventricular rate in the third. It is suggested that in patients taking digitalis with ventricular tachycardia, chest thump should be used with caution. PMID- 7297152 TI - Direct-writing recorder of the dose-response curves of the airway to methacholine. Clinical application. AB - We report a new device for examining the bronchial hyperresponsiveness by directly writing the dose-response curve of respiratory resistance (Rrs) during the continuous inhalation of the methacholine in stepwise incremental concentrations. Respiratory resistance was measured by the forced oscillation method. We found that the Rrs began to increase at a certain threshold concentration of methacholine (bronchial sensitivity) and that it has a curvilinear slope (bronchial reactivity). Subsequent inhalation of the bronchodilator drug returned the Rrs to the control level. Thus, we were able to examine bronchohyperresponsiveness in the patterns of the cumulative dose response curves of methacholine. All normal subjects were nonresponders; while all of the asthmatic subjects, 63 percent (10) of the 16 patients with chronic bronchitis and 50 percent (7) of the 14 patients with acute bronchitis were responders. The dose-response curves were reproducible. Our device may be clinically applicable for examinations of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and for screening tests. PMID- 7297153 TI - Relationship of rib cage and abdomen motion to diaphragm function during quiet breathing. AB - Although rib cage (RC) and abdomen (Ab) motion is believed to reflect intercostal and diaphragm contributions to breathing, systematic investigations have failed to confirm this. We measured inspiratory changes in RC and Ab anterior-posterior diameter (delta RC and delta Ab) both corrected for volume equivalence (isovolume) and not corrected (isodistance, observed), and correlated these with simultaneous changes in gastric (delta Pab) and esophageal (delta Ppl) pressure: delta Pab - delta Ppl = delta Pdi, the change in transdiaphragmatic pressure. The delta Pab/delta Pdi was used as an index of the relative contribution of diaphragm motion to the breathing process. Relative abdomen motion was expressed as delta Ab/(delta Ab + delta RC). Isodistance and isovolume delta Ab/(delta Ab + delta RC) correlated, R = 0.69; observed abdomen motion overestimated abdomen diaphragm contribution to tidal volume. Isodistance delta Ab/(delta Ab + delta RC) was less for women than men; isovolume delta Ab/(delta Ab + delta RC) was similar for the two sexes. Among individuals, isodistance delta Ab/(delta Ab + delta RC) correlated with delta Pab/delta Pdi (R = 0.73, P less than 0.001). Within a given individual, the mean R for seven subjects for delta Pab/delta Pdi vs delta Ab/(delta Ab + delta RC) was 0.90. We conclude that observed rib cage and abdomen motion reflects intercostal and diaphragm contributions to breathing; the correlation is better within a given subject than among individuals. PMID- 7297154 TI - Linear relationship between electrical systole, mechanical systole, and heart rate. AB - The relationship between the duration of electrical systole (QT) and heart rate (HR) and the relationship between the QT interval and total electromechanical systole (QS2) were studied in the resting state in 200 patients (100 males and 100 females) without evidence of cardiovascular disease. A linear relationship was found between the QT and HR in males and females (males, QT = 521 msec - 2.0 HR, r = .91; females, QT = 511 msec - 1.8 HR, r = .90). In 20 male and 20 female subjects, the relationship between QT and QS2 was studied. The QT was slightly shorter but paralleled the QS2 (males QT = 529 msec - 2.1 HR, QS2 = 541 msec - 2.2 HR; females QT = 511 msec - 1.9 HR, QS2 = 540 msec - 2.0 HR). Thus, over the physiologic range of resting HR, a linear relationship exists between QT and HR. The QT interval is slightly shorter but parallels the QS2 in patients without heart disease. These linear relationships permit a direct comparison of the duration of electrical and mechanical systole. PMID- 7297156 TI - AV block and pseudo sinus exit block in a patient with PSVT due to dual AV nodal pathways. PMID- 7297155 TI - Computed tomography of the thorax: a status report. AB - Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax shows early promise of important diagnostic advances. We believe that CT often provides information superior to that provided by standard roentgenographic techniques, is capable of significantly influencing patient management, and in selected instances, offers unique information not available by other methods. Computed tomography permits the imaging of mediastinal structures not possible with conventional roentgenographic methods and can diagnose with certainty benign mediastinal conditions such as pericardial cysts and focal or diffuse accumulations of fat. It is ideal for detecting pleural abnormalities and for displaying underlying parenchymal disease in patients with complex pleuroparenchymal shadows on conventional films. Pulmonary metastases unseen on the plain chest film can be detected with greater sensitivity than by any other method. Future applications of CT include the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in bronchogenic carcinoma, the differentiation of benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules, and the detection of diffuse diseases involving the lung parenchyma before they are visible on conventional roentgenograms. Additional clinical experience and careful studies will determine CTs final role as a diagnostic aid for disorders of the thorax. PMID- 7297157 TI - Bilateral cavitary disease with a history of recurrent upper respiratory infections. PMID- 7297158 TI - Respiratory acidemia and theophylline pharmacokinetics in the awake dog. AB - Recently, respiratory acidemia has been shown to be associated with an altered volume of distribution (Vd) of theophylline in patients during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, many factors other than acidemia could have altered the pharmacokinetics. Our purpose was to study the effects of respiratory acidemia alone. Six awake dogs had normocapnia and hypercapnia induced in a conditioned chamber. After intravenous injection (8 mg/kg), plasma theophylline concentrations were measured for 8 hours by means of quantitative enzyme immunoassay technique. There were no statistically significant effects of respiratory acidosis on Vd and total theophylline clearance. There was no significant correlation between these variables and pH, PCO2, PO2. We conclude that respiratory acidosis, per se, does not effect theophylline pharmacokinetics in dogs. PMID- 7297159 TI - Catamenial pneumothorax in sisters. AB - Two sisters had documented pelvic endometriosis and catamenial pneumothoraxes. Both were typical of the 54 reported cases of catamenial pneumothorax in that pneumothoraxes were always on the right and occurred only at menses with onset in the fourth decade. One patient was asymptomatic during 11 months of menstrual suppression with hormones but subsequently required surgery where diaphragmatic perforations were found. The other patient was treated with isoxazole ethisterone with no pneumothoraxes while under suppression. These patients are unlike any of the previously reported cases of familial pneumothoraxes. We have not found a previous report of a familial catamenial pneumothorax. PMID- 7297161 TI - Congenital interruption of the inferior vena cava. AB - In the usual form of interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC), the post-renal IVC continues as the azygos and hemiazygos vein. We report a patient with complete interruption of the IVC in whom no direct continuity existed between the IVC and the azygos system. Connection between these two systems was via the vertebral plexus and ascending lumbar veins. Associated venous malformations included bilateral azygos veins and anomalous connection of pulmonary and hepatic veins. PMID- 7297160 TI - Aberrant systemic arterial supply to the left lung with congestive heart failure. AB - A six-month-old girl with an aberrant systemic arterial supply from the descending thoracic aorta to the left lower lobe had congestive heart failure. Although the pulmonary parenchyma was normal, there was an absence of normal pulmonary arterial supply to the left lower lobe. Main pulmonary arterial and aortic cineangiograms led to the correct diagnosis. Left lower lobectomy was performed and resulted in clinical and hemodynamic improvement. PMID- 7297162 TI - Cricoarytenoid arthritis in ankylosing spondylitis. A cause of acute respiratory failure and cor pulmonale. AB - A man with ankylosing spondylitis developed cor pulmonale and acute respiratory failure due to cricoarytenoid arthritis. He was successfully treated by endoscopic arytenoidectomy, and the surgical specimen showed ossified cartilage. Flow-volume curves documented extra-thoracic airway obstruction produced by ankylosis of the cricoarytenoid joints. PMID- 7297163 TI - Reciprocating tachycardia with only odd-numbered beats in the Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome. AB - A case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with reciprocating tachycardia from retrograde Kent's bundle conduction is described. The paroxysms of reciprocating tachycardia manifested with the unusual, and hitherto unreported, feature of only odd-numbered beats. The phenomenon is explained on the basis of alternate anterograde conduction through two A-V nodal pathways. PMID- 7297164 TI - Congenital systemic arteriovenous fistula between the descending aorta, azygos vein, and superior vena cava. AB - Various congenital systemic arteriovenous fistulas have been described. An unusual case of congenital systemic arteriovenous fistula arising from the descending aorta and draining separately into the superior vena cava, the azygos vein, and the innominate vein is reported. Clinically, this case simulated a patent ductus arteriosus. To our knowledge, this particular anomaly has not been described before. PMID- 7297165 TI - Acute myocardial infarction provoked by a cold pressor test. AB - Coronary artery spasm is a well documented cause of variant angina pectoris. It has also been postulated to cause acute myocardial infarction. The diagnosis of coronary artery spasm is frequently made by means of ergonovine provocation during cardiac catheterization. Spasm of the coronary arteries may also be provoked by the cold pressor test. We describe a patient in whom an acute myocardial infarction evolved after his chest pain was reproduced with a cold pressor test. We suggest that the cold pressor test should be performed with caution, and perhaps should be limited to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. PMID- 7297166 TI - Tolazamide-induced chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. PMID- 7297168 TI - Pulmonary complications of oral BCG. PMID- 7297167 TI - "Coin lesion" asthma. PMID- 7297169 TI - Tracheal stenosis due to sarcoidosis. PMID- 7297170 TI - Concentration of metronidazole in serum during peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7297171 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of 5 cephalosporins with other antibiotics tested against 887 recent clinical isolates. AB - Five cephalosporins including 3 newer agents were tested along with several aminoglycosides, penicillins and other antimicrobials against 887 recent clinical bacterial isolates. Of the newer cephalosporins, cefotaxime appeared to be the most effective against gram-negative bacilli. However, with gram-positive cocci, cephalothin seemed to be the most effective cephalosporin. Superior antipseudomonal activity still resides with the aminoglycosides although moxalactam and cefotaxime appeared to offer some alternatives. PMID- 7297173 TI - Early third ventriculostomy in meningomyelocele infants - shunt independence? AB - Percutaneous anterior and posterior third ventriculostomy utilizing a McKinney leukotome has been performed with fluoroscopic control in 9 newborn infants with meningomyelocele and hydrocephalus immediately following their shunt. The procedure was instituted in 1975, and there have been no shunt revisions in such patients since that time. Wider application of this or a similar technique in newborn meningomyelocele infants seems warranted. PMID- 7297172 TI - Variable tolerance of a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis from an infected hydrocephalus shunt for several beta-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin and fosfomycin. AB - A strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from an infected hydrocephalus shunt with associated ventriculitis in a 3-month-old infant proved variably tolerant for the beta-lactam antibiotics ampicillin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, oxacillin, penicillin G, as well as vancomycin and fosfomycin. In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus control strain ATCC 25923 was regularly tolerant to the above stated beta-lactam antibiotics; however, this latter strain displayed variable tolerance for vancomycin and fosfomycin. The beta-lactam tolerance of both strains proved inoculum sizes. Penicillin G-tolerant variants were detected more readily among cells of the S. epidermidis strain in the stationary than in the logarithmic growth phase; in contrast, the yield of penicillin G-tolerant variants from S. aureus ATCC 25923 was independent of the growth phase. Tolerant variants of both staphylococcal strains failed to survive more than three successive passages in Mueller-Hinton broth with added beta lactam antibiotics at concentrations identical to those which had originally served to select these tolerant variants. Gentamicin combined with vancomycin displayed additive bactericidal activity against both staphylococcal strains; conversely, the combination of rifampin plus vancomycin showed inadequate bactericidal activity against both strains. PMID- 7297174 TI - Gliomas of the optic nerve and chiasm. A clinical review. AB - A series of 24 children with anterior optic gliomas, observed and for the most part operated upon in a neurosurgical service, is reviewed. A low incidence of unilateral nerve tumors and of associated neurofibromatosis, and a rather high frequency of precocious or pseudoprecocious puberty were noted in comparison with other series. Most tumors were low-grade growths. The results of surgical treatment reflect a good prognosis for unilateral tumors and an increasing prognostic ominousness for the posterior neoplastic development. Cerebrospinal fluid shunts and radiation treatment do have a role as adjuncts to surgical exploration and biopsy, which are generally indicated since no preoperative test seems to grant an absolute diagnosis. The opinion that chiasmal tumors should not be treated at all is not shared. When the treatment of an illness falls as far short of the ultimate, as does the therapy of neoplastic disease, then it is necessary to reconsider frequently the principles upon which it is based and the results it achieves. These results are two-fold, curative and palliative and, while our efforts are directed toward the former, we realize only too frequently that the best results will sometimes lie in palliation. The disappointment in accepting this lesser goal must not allow us to underestimate its importance or neglect the help it may give. PMID- 7297175 TI - Influence of closure technique on results in myelomeningocele. AB - The results of the repair of myelomeningoceles by, respectively, reconstitution of the neural tube and simple replacement of the placode within the dural sheath are examined. It is concluded that neither offers any significant advantages over the other. When no neurologic function is present below the upper level of the lesion, no method of repair is likely to result in improvement, while the mere preservation of reflex activity in the distal segment of cord may be counterproductive. It is suggested, therefore, that there is a place for immediate excision of the lesion in properly selected cases. PMID- 7297176 TI - Cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children (56 cases). AB - A survey of 56 patients aged less than or equal to 16 years, admitted (1954-1979) for cerebral arteriovenous malformations, is presented. The clinical manifestation was mostly related to hemorrhage, less frequently to epilepsy or to a cerebral 'steal' syndrome. The most frequent site was the parietal lobe, with supply from the middle cerebral artery. Deep malformations were not uncommon and most lesions were of medium or large size. 38 patients were operated upon, and 18 were given treatment other than surgical (including radiotherapy). 23 malformations were completely excised, in 4 patients only a partial excision could be carried out, and in 10 patients surgery consisted of occlusion (clipping or coagulation) of feeding vessels. In 1 patient, surgery had to be limited to removal of an intracerebral hematoma. The immediate and long-term results of treatment are much better in the surgical than in the nonsurgical group. PMID- 7297178 TI - Intraspinal meningioma in childhood. PMID- 7297177 TI - Period of risk hypothesis after prophylactic radiotherapy. AB - A critical review is given of the period of risk hypothesis (Collins's law) in regard to treated medulloblastoma. Exceptions to the law are seen to be of two types. The first type involves recurrence of the primary tumor, either local or disseminated, and is normally observed close to the limit of the risk period. The second type usually presents a malignant astrocytoma at a considerable multiple of the risk period. The relevant pathological and cellular kinetic data are reviewed to answer the question whether glial tumor recurrence is due to dedifferentiation of the primary cell line or is secondary to the therapeutic irradiation. PMID- 7297179 TI - Chronic meningococcal meningitis in an infant. AB - The characteristic presentation of meningococcal meningitis is acute and clinically dramatic. This article describes an infant who presented with a bulging fontanelle and left arm weakness, but no signs of infection. Routine CT scan clearly showed hydrocephalus, but did not reveal the underlying ventriculitis which was subsequently disclosed by contrast enhancement. Subsequent CSF cultures grew Neisseria meningitidis. PMID- 7297180 TI - [External distraction-compression apparatus of our construction (type CZ-2) for the treatment of fractures]. PMID- 7297181 TI - [Fracture of the calcaneus in a 32-month-old child]. PMID- 7297182 TI - [Defects of lumbo-sacral assimilation as the cause of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis]. PMID- 7297183 TI - [Biomechanical sequelae of lumbar intervertebral disk displacement]. PMID- 7297184 TI - [Elasto-optic methods of study of tensions and strains in overloaded three dimensional models of the vertebrae (selected problems)]. PMID- 7297185 TI - [Anterior shoulder dislocation complicated by transient paralysis of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7297186 TI - [Unstable thumb in children]. PMID- 7297187 TI - [Physical fitness of children aged 11-14 years with multijoint laxity]. PMID- 7297188 TI - [Biomechanics of the hip joint]. PMID- 7297189 TI - [Longitudinal growth of the lower limb after transiliac and corrective osteotomy of the femur with shortening of its shaft and open reduction of congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 7297190 TI - [Treatment of Perthes disease by functional method]. PMID- 7297191 TI - [Effect of sports on posture in schoolchildren]. PMID- 7297192 TI - [Tactics and results of health resort balneo-rehabilitation treatment in degenerative knee joint diseases]. PMID- 7297193 TI - [Generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica in a pregnant women]. PMID- 7297194 TI - [Case of unusual deposits within the bone resembling osteoma]. PMID- 7297196 TI - [Internal fixation of trochanteric fractures with collar plate]. PMID- 7297195 TI - [Treatment of unstable fractures of the spine]. PMID- 7297197 TI - [Management of inoperable femoral neck fractures in elderly patients]. PMID- 7297198 TI - [Physiopathology of burns]. PMID- 7297199 TI - [First aid for burns]. PMID- 7297200 TI - [Late care in burns]. PMID- 7297201 TI - [Treatment of neck contracture after burns with a free under arm flap]. PMID- 7297202 TI - [Fresh and aged aortic rupture: correction with or without bypass procedure]. AB - 1. Acute aortic rupture must be corrected immediately. In the absence of adhesions cross clamping can be achieved very quickly. - 2. In general, correction with or without interposition of a prosthesis can be done without extracorporeal circulation. - 3. Injuries of the brain and or parenchymal organs of the abdomen endanger the general heparinisation. - 4. In Chronic aortic injury with false aneurysms of the thoracic aorta must be corrected with the aid of extracorporeal circulation of any kind. PMID- 7297203 TI - [Space occupying mediastinal processes]. AB - About 1-2% of all tumors are found in the mediastinum. Any space-occupying swelling of the mediastinum has to be exstirpated. Even if a carcinoma cannot be completely removed, the tumor mass should be reduced as much as possible. The operation must not be delayed by any diagnostic uncertainties. PMID- 7297204 TI - [Generalized intestinal hypoganglionosis with the clinical picture of achalasia, pyloric stenosis and colonic obstruction]. PMID- 7297205 TI - [Consent exploration for a medical procedure (part 2)]. PMID- 7297206 TI - [Surgery of the kidney tumor]. PMID- 7297207 TI - [Prostatic cancer: clinical situation and treatment strategy]. PMID- 7297208 TI - [Wound infection and complication rate after general surgical procedures. A prospective analysis]. PMID- 7297209 TI - [Changes in water-electrolyte balance after orthograde intestinal irrigation]. AB - Metabolic acidosis and hypopotassemia after whole gut irrigation (WGI) with 0.9% sodium chloride are probably caused by the following effects: 1. Sodium, chloride and fluid resorption with following renal compensatory mechanisms and inhibition of the ADH incretion and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System--2. Washing-out effect of the intestinal mucosa with loss of potassium-rich intestinal juice and protein. At the beginning of anaesthesia, 20 h after WGI, compensatory mechanisms did not reach a reconstitution of the balanced initial situation. Therefore, patients whose state is critical should be monitored carefully during WGI. Further investigations will develop an indifferent irrigation fluid to avoid serious complications of massive water resorption during WGI. PMID- 7297211 TI - [Rare complication in tibial intramedullary nailing with the AO-instrument by fracture of the marrow cavity irrigation pipe]. PMID- 7297210 TI - [Gallstone ileus]. PMID- 7297212 TI - [Instruments for transhepatic placing of prostheses in malignant biliary tract obstruction]. PMID- 7297213 TI - [Experiences in the use of the modified rib retractor by Rochard]. PMID- 7297214 TI - [Angelchiks prosthesis in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia: an evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297215 TI - [Surgical indications in acute necrosing amoebic colitis. Fifteen cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297216 TI - [Congenital pulmonary valve agenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297217 TI - [Lymphocytopaenia : a factor in the evaluation of operative risk? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297218 TI - [May the treatment of adenomas of the colon and rectum still be surgical? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297219 TI - [The medical treatment of gastric ulcer and of duodenal ulcer in acute exacerbation (in the absence of complications) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297220 TI - [Fundus (proximal) vagotomy for uncomplicated duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297221 TI - [Surgical treatment, excluding proximal vagotomy, of uncomplicated peptic ulcers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297222 TI - [Choice of therapy in uncomplicated gastric and duodenal ulcers, excluding the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297223 TI - [Surgical treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Long-term results in 34 patients and new approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297224 TI - [Peroperative cytopuncture in solid tumors of the pancreas]. PMID- 7297225 TI - [Influence of late-pregnancy toxemia on the fetus (analysis of 190 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297226 TI - [Study of the etiology of toxemia of pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297227 TI - [Perinatal cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297228 TI - [Measurement of L/S ratio in amniotic fluid and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297230 TI - [Application of a rapid HCG-RIA technique in clinical obstetric and gynecology practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297229 TI - [Report on 12 cases of amniography and fetography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297231 TI - [Management of toxemia of pregnancy on a physiopathologic basis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297233 TI - [Operative treatment of congenital absence of vagina---a simplified vaginoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297232 TI - [Vaginal adenosis---a report of 37 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297234 TI - [A preliminary study of female pelvic rheography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297235 TI - [The lymphatic drainage of the vulva and radical operation for carcinoma of the vulva (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297236 TI - [Relationship between histological pattern and prognosis of squamoadenocarcinoma of the cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297237 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of atypical hyperplasia of endometrium in women under 40 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297238 TI - [Tubal sterilization with silver clips---clinical observation and follow-up of 1,182 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297240 TI - [Toxemia of pregnancy and retardation of fetal growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297239 TI - [Colposcopic study of the effect of steroid contraceptives on the uterine cervix (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297241 TI - Effects of DMSO on the structure and function of polytene chromosomes of Chironomus. AB - Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) controlled puff induction and repression (or non induction) in larval polytene chromosomes of Chironomus tentans were studied for the case of the Balbiani rings (BR). A characteristic reaction pattern, involving BR 1, BR 2, and BR 3, all in salivary gland chromosome IV was found. In vivo exposure of 4th instar larvae (not prepupae) to 10%n DMSO at 18 degrees C first evokes an over-stimulation of BR 3 while DMSO-stimulation of puffing at BR 1 and BR 2 always follows that of BR 3. After removal of the drug, a rapid uniform collapse of all puffs occurs, thus more or less restoring the banding pattern of all previously decondensed chromosome segments. Recovery proceeds as BR's and other puffs reappear. By observing the restoration, one can locate the site from which a BR (puff) originates. BR 2, which is normally the most active non ribosomal gene locus in untreated larvae, here serves as an example. As the sizes of BR 3, BR 1 and BR 2 change, so do the quantities of the transcriptional products in these gene loci (and vice versa), as estimated electron microscopically in ultrathin sections and autoradiographically in squash preparations. In autoradiograms, the DMSO-stimulated BRs exhibit the most dense concentration of silver grains and therefore the highest rate of transcriptional activity. In DMSO-repressed BRs (and other puffs) the transcription of the locus specific genes is not completely shut off. In chromosomes from nuclei with high labelling intensities the repressed BRs (and other puffs) always exhibit a low level of 3H-uridine incorporation in vivo. The absence of cytologically visible BR (puff) formation therefore does not necessarily indicate complete transcriptional inactivity. Typically, before the stage of puff formation the 3H uridine labelling first appears in the interband-like regions. PMID- 7297244 TI - Differential staining of Y chromosomal lampbrush loops of Drosophila hydei. AB - The lampbrush loops of the Y chromosome in primary spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei can be stained in a site specific manner employing a modified Giemsa technique. In this communication it is shown that pronase pretreatment changes the staining properties of the various Y loops as well as of the X and autosomes. In addition it is shown that the various chromosomal structures display differences in sensitivity against the action of the enzyme supporting the idea of a site specificity of RNP formation. PMID- 7297243 TI - Cell-specific synthesis and glycosylation of secretory proteins in larval salivary glands of Chironomus thummi. AB - Synthesis and glycosylation of larval salivary gland secretory proteins of Chironomus thummi were analyzed with respect to cell specific differences in the Balbiani ring (BR) pattern and glycoprotein composition of secretion formerly detected by histochemical staining procedures. In the secretion of a special cell type in salivary glands, which is characterized by the appearance of an additional BR, and additional polypeptide with a relative molecular weight (Mr) of 160 kD was found differing in its antigenic properties and tryptic fingerprint pattern from main cell secretion proteins. This so-called ssp-160 component is preferentially synthesized and glycosylated in the special cells. In the same cells, both the synthesis and glycosylation of all other major secretory proteins was found to be diminished or even repressed. In contrast to the conspicuous cell specific differences at the level of protein synthesis. RNA analyses show the prominent synthesis of 75S RNA in both main and special cells and gave no clear indication of the synthesis of a smaller RNA fraction as expected from the size of ssp-160 component.--These and further data on synthesis and properties of secretory proteins as well as expression of BR DNA are discussed with regard to the assumption that at least some of the eight major secretory polypeptides are coded for by BR DNA. The BR gene(s) might have originated by manifold duplications and modifications of short repetitive prototype DNA sequences, which are coordinatively expressed. PMID- 7297242 TI - Modulation of 75S RNA synthesis in the Balbiani rings of Chironomus tentans with galactose treatment. AB - Galactose has been used as a tool to modify gene activity in the giant puffs Balbiani ring 2 (BR2) and Balbiani ring 1 (BR1) on chromosome IV in the salivary glands of Chironomus tentans. BR2 decreased gradually and was absent or almost absent after a four day galactose treatment. Concomitant with this morphological change, the labelling of the population of growing 75S RNA molecules in BR2 decreased, and was essentially abolished after four days in galactose. Since the elongation rate at the 75S RNA genes proved to be the same in the galactose treated glands as in the control glands, the decreased labelling in BR2 was likely to correspond to a decreased production of 75S RNA. No changes in the size distribution of the growing 75S RNA molecules were noted during the galactose treatment, suggesting that the modulation of the activity was most likely accomplished at the initiation level, but regulation of a very early premature termination could not be excluded. When galactose was removed from the medium, BR2 attained its normal size and its ordinary RNA labelling. BR1 was studied in parallel with BR2 and it behaved strikingly different: BR1 expanded during the galactose treatment and the amount of growing 75S RNA increased, indicating an enhanced production of this 75S RNA species. Also the modulation of BR1 RNA synthesis was reversible. During the galactose treatment no changes in the labelling of chromosome I-III and of nucleolar RNA were observed suggesting that during the four day treatment, galactose exerted its effect mainly on the synthesis of BR2 and BR1 transcription products. The significance of these observations are considered in relation to the information available on the synthesis of the corresponding secretory polypeptides and the formation of the tube-like burrows. We also discuss the implications of the results for models of the regulation of gene activity and of the puffing process. PMID- 7297246 TI - Chromosome replication in fibroblasts of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - The BrdU/Hoechst 33258/Giemsa method for sub-dividing S-phase in asynchronous cell populations has been re-evaluated and modified to give better definition and more even distribution of sub-phases. A reference pattern of early-replicating euchromatic bands is given for all chromosomes at Sk2 in primary cultures of skin fibroblasts. The overall band patterns at each sub-phase have allowed more objective definitions of "early" and "late" replication for these cells, and show that in both classes of chromatin light G-bands preceed dark G-bands. Asynchrony between homologous bands is observed at all stages of S, albeit with a variable frequency. The observed in vitro replication patterns and programme for the chromosomes of skin fibroblasts does not appear to be affected by the age or sex of the source. PMID- 7297245 TI - Approximation of baseline and BrdU-induced SCE frequencies. AB - In the present paper we have developed a new rationale and an experimental schedule to approximate the frequency of SCEs which occur independently of BrdU incorporation, namely, the baseline frequency of SCEs. The method used includes the analysis of SCE yields in second and third division chromosomes after BrdU substitution for 1, 2, and/or 3 successive replication rounds in the presence of this thymidine analogue, leading to a set of ten different experimental results. As a result of formulating various mathematical equations and applying them to the data, an accurate estimation of the frequency of baseline (BrdU-independent) and BrdU-induced SCEs, can be made, thus avoiding the difficulties inherent in the current extrapolation methods. The conclusions are that 1) SCEs seem to be formed after DNA synthesis (by exchanging post-replicative DNA portions), but, obviously, very near to the replication fork and 2) that under our experimental conditions about 0.065 SCEs per picogram of DNA per cell cycle occur as a consequence of chromosome replication, this frequency being increased by BrdU substitution. The methodology seems to be reliable enough to be used in other species and systems in order to compare baseline SCE frequencies. PMID- 7297248 TI - The structure of the cold-stable kinetochore fiber in metaphase PtK1 cells. AB - When metaphase PtK1 cells are cooled to 6-8 degrees C for 4-6 h the free, polar, and astral spindle microtubules (MTs) disassemble while the MTs of each kinetochore fiber cluster together and persist as bundles of cold-stable MTs. These cold-stable kinetochore fibers are similar to untreated kinetochore fibers in both their length (i.e., 5-6 micrometer) and in the number of kinetochore associated MTs (i.e., 20-45) of which they are comprised. Quantitative information concerning the lengths of MTs within these fibers was obtained by tracking individual MTs between serial transverse sections. Approximately 1/2 of the kinetochore MTs in each fiber were found to run uninterrupted into the polar region of the spindle. It can be inferred from this and other data that a substantial number of MTs run uninterrupted between the kinetochore and the polar region in untreated metaphase PtK1 cells. PMID- 7297247 TI - Structure and distribution of inverted repeats (palindromes). II. Analysis of DNA of the mouse. AB - The size and distribution of renatured inverted repeats (palindromes) in Mus musculus DNA were examined by electron microscopy (EM). The majority (85%) of the palindromes were found to be clustered in about one half of the DNA strands. The rest of the DNA strands were seen with a solitary looped structure - The unlooped palindromes constituted 53% of all palindromes and were always clustered. There was a significant reduction in the number of unlooped palindromes in comparison to D. melanogaster DNA (Biezunski, 1981) and as a result the palindrome clusters were smaller and contained 2-8 palindromes [4-16 inverted repeats (ir)] per DNA strand. The looped palindromes had a wide and regular distribution with spacing lengths similar to those found in D. melanogaster DNA, and showed some periodicity. The average spacing between centers of all palindromes (inside a cluster) was 4.325 kb, and between centers of looped palindromes 8.544 kb. - The lengths of the ir of unlooped and looped palindromes were grouped (similar to D. melanogaster DNA) in one size-class with a range of 30-240 bp and an average length of 130 bp. Longer ir were also observed and the average length of ir in unlooped palindromes was 186 bp, in looped 588 bp, and the total average length was 375 bp. - It was calculated that there are about 224,000-320,000 palindromes (ir pairs) in the mouse genome, with the spacing between centers of all palindromes about 13-9 kb in length. - In high molecular weight mouse DNA, complex looped structures composed of rows of 5-8 looped palindromes one on "top" the other, formed by renaturation of multiple ir, were observed. It is suggested, that clustered repetitive sequences, in direct and inverted orientation, might be of one family and homologous to one another, and be able to reassociate, in vitro and in vivo, into structures of different forms, which could function as binding sites for various regulatory proteins during mouse development. PMID- 7297250 TI - DNA replication in polytene chromosomes: similarity of termination patterns in somatic and germ-line derived polytene chromosomes of Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7297249 TI - Long and short repeats of sea urchin DNA and their evolution. AB - Repeated sequences cloned from the DNA of the sea urchin S. purpuratus were used as probes to measure the lengths of individual families of repeats. Some probes reassociated much more rapidly with preparations of long repeats than with short repeats while others reassociated more rapidly with short repeats than with long repeats. In this way two of five cloned repeats were shown to represent families with a great majority of sequences in the long class. One represented a family with similar number of long and short class members. Two were members of predominantly short class families - The cloned repeats representing long class families, formed more precise duplexes than those representing short class families. Thermal stability measurements using S. purpuratus or S. franciscanus driver DNA showed that precise repetitive sequences have as great an interspecies sequence difference as the less precise repeats. Thus the precision of many families may result from recent multiplication rather than from selective pressure on the DNA sequences. Measurements of evolutionary frequency change show a clear correlation between the frequency change and the size of families of repeats in S. purpuratus. Comparison with S. franciscanus indicates that many of the large size families in S. purpuratus are those that have grown in size since these two species diverged. PMID- 7297251 TI - Different repetition frequencies of a 120 base-pair DNA-element and its arrangement in Chironomus thummi thummi and Chironomus thummi piger. AB - THe repetition frequency of a highly repetitive DNA sequence has been measured in the genomes of Ch. thummi thummi and Ch, th, piger. This sequence is known to be involved in the evolutionary duplication of defined chromosomal segments leading to a significant increase in the genome size of Ch. th. thummi. Reassociation of this highly repetitive DNA sequence which has a repeat length of 120 base-pairs, with total Ch. th. thummi and Ch. th. piger DNA has shown that the repetition frequency in the Ch, th, thummi DNA is 5.5 fold higher than in Ch, th piger. In both genomes a 120 base-pair sequence is present as tandemly repeated sequence as shown by Southern analysis. PMID- 7297253 TI - [Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis--a report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297254 TI - [The preliminary report of treating bronchial asthma with transfer factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297255 TI - [The physiological normal value of the measurement of transverse diameter of right lower pulmonary artery and trachea in the chest film of 1,000 normal individuals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297256 TI - [The clinical symptoms of lung cancer and an analysis of the causes of misdiagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297252 TI - Analysis of nuclear proteins in primary spermatocytes of Drosophila hydei: The correlation of nuclear proteins with the function of the Y chromosomal loops. AB - The protein content of spermatocyte nuclei from X/Y males and mutants of D. hydei which lack different Y chromosomal loop forming sites, was compared with that of X/0 males in 14C/3H double labelling experiments. Proteins of 45,000, 52,000, 54,000, 66,000, 80,000, 84,000 and 170,000 Dalton are found to be enriched in nuclei containing two or more active Y chromosomal loop forming sites. These proteins are also present in the nuclei of X0 males. In the complete absence of the Y-chromosomal loops proteins of 35,000, 46,000, 58,000 and 110,000 Dalton become enriched in the spermatocyte nuclei. - Analysis of the nuclear RNP of spermatocytes led to the isolation of an hnRNP-containing fraction with an S value of greater than 900S (RNP-PP), - In the RNP-PP of XY males labelled protein material associated with hnRNA is enriched by a factor of approximately 3 in respect to the X0 genotype. The nuclear RNP has a heterogenous buoyant density in CsCl of rho = 1.33 to 1.43 g/cm3. RNase T1 treatment of the crude nuclear RNP from XY males prior to sucrose gradient analysis shows that the 66,000 Dalton protein which is also strongly enriched in the nuclei in the presence of active Y chromosomal loop forming sites, is the main protein associated with protected RNA sequences of 80-120- 300 nucleotides in length. Competitive nitrocellulose filter binding assays reveal that the 66,000 Dalton protein predominantly forms in 2 M NaCl stable RNA/protein complexes with the poly A+hnRNA of the RNP-PP. Those RNP complexes have a buoyant density of rho = 1.43 g/cm3 in CsCl. The results are discussed in relation to the nuclear structure and the function of the Y chromosomal loops during spermatogenesis in Drosophila hydei. PMID- 7297257 TI - [Diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis--report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297259 TI - [The clinico-pathological study of fresh coronary thrombosis and acute myocardial infarction. II. The investigation of their cause-effect relationship (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297258 TI - [Crohn's disease. I. A clinical analysis of 60 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297260 TI - [The clinico-pathological analysis of 15 cases of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiac rupture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297261 TI - [Sudden arrest of respiration and attacks of syncope induced by small dose of quinidine--report of the clinical data of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297262 TI - [Preliminary observations on the echocardiographic features of 84 cases of Keshan disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297263 TI - [Familial sino-atrial node disease--report of 3 cases in one family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297264 TI - [Studies on free erythrocyte protoporphyrin -observations on free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, plasma iron and transfer in saturation in patients with iron deficiency anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297265 TI - [A study on the treatment of neoplasms with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297266 TI - [Observations on the activity of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophilic granulocytes in the bone marrow of 100 normal individuals inhabiting high altitude districts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297267 TI - [A thyroid function test--the determination of Achilles tendon reflex time (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297268 TI - [Cat-scratch disease--report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297269 TI - [Felty's syndrome--report of 3 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297271 TI - [Seminar: discussion on the chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis and related problems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297270 TI - [Panel discussion: problems in the diagnosis of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297272 TI - [Percutaneous poking reduction and internal fixation of joint fractures of upper extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297273 TI - [Prosthetic replacement for femoral neck fractures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297274 TI - [Traumatic intracranial hematoma in industrial enterprises (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297275 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic rupture of unilateral main bronchus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297276 TI - [Chest injuries: report of 251 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297277 TI - [Operative method for closed laceration of liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297278 TI - [Traumatic rupture of liver: clinical analysis of 50 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297279 TI - [Traumatic retroperitoneal rupture of duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297280 TI - [Successful replantation of severed penis: report of 5 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297281 TI - [Free dorsalis pedis flap transplantation in repair of deep electric injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297283 TI - [Lumbar canal stenosis: analysis of 61 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297284 TI - [Surgical treatment of Dendrolimus osteoarthropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297285 TI - [Spinal epidural abscess: report of 15 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297286 TI - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary complications caused by aspiration of lucite pencilcap: report of 3 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297282 TI - [Bloodless hepatectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297288 TI - [Difficulties in endotracheal intubation and their management (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297289 TI - [Air filling technic of high caudal block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297287 TI - [Nephroptosis treated by perirenal injection or packing with quinine-gelatin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297291 TI - [Clinical analysis of 185 aged surgical patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297290 TI - [Preliminary report on electromagnetic bougienage as accessory treatment of high imperforate anus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297293 TI - [Pancreatoduodenectomy: report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297292 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocyst: diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297294 TI - [Intestinal plication for prevention and treatment of intestinal obstruction due to adhesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297295 TI - [Computerized tomography in surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297296 TI - [Management of open injuries of extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297297 TI - [Realize the importance of post-traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome: a plea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297298 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC) and bile drainage(PTCD): a report of 70 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297299 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography by lateral approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297300 TI - [Micro-laparotomy open transhepatic cholangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297301 TI - [The role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297302 TI - [Grey-scale ultrasonography in differential diagnosis of jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297303 TI - [Intrahepatic bile stones with biliary stone thrombus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297304 TI - [Intrahepatic stones and bile duct carcinoma: a clinical and pathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297305 TI - [Complications due to prolonged use of T tube in the common bile duct (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297306 TI - [Post gastrectomy follow-up study by fibrogastroscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297307 TI - [Experiences in diagnosis and treatment of DIC after cardiovascular surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297308 TI - [Dilatation with a barium-inflated bag in the treatment of achalasia of cardia: report of 120 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297309 TI - [Transplantation of free omental flaps by microvascular anastomosis: report of 10 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297310 TI - [Treatment of severe trauma: a report of 106 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297311 TI - [Epidural analgesia for mastectomy: analysis of 930 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297312 TI - [Massive osteolysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297313 TI - [Subtotal hemipelvis allografting: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297314 TI - [Transposition of musculus levator scapulae and rhomboideus for treatment of trapezius paralysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297315 TI - [Triple lumen jejunal gastric reservoir after total gastrectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297316 TI - Stress response characteristics of adolescents with high genetic risk for essential hypertension: a five year follow-up. AB - A group of 80 adolescents identified with blood pressure in the border-line range (90th to 95th percentile) have a follow-up of up to five years. Within this follow-up period 54 or 67% have progressed to a stage of sustained essential hypertension (BP greater than 95th percentile). Characteristics of this population with a very high progression rate to EH are: 1) Identification of borderline hypertension in adolescence. 2) Uniformly strong family history of EH and 3) A high cardiovascular response to mental stress. PMID- 7297317 TI - The influence of genetics and of household environment in the transmission of normal blood pressure. PMID- 7297319 TI - Racial differences in red cell cation transport and their relationship to essential hypertension. AB - Red cell cation transport has been studied in normotensive and essential hypertensive groups of white and black (West Indian) subjects. In vitro uptake of the potassium analogue 86Rb was measured during short-term incubation of erythrocytes in the presence and absence of ouabain. Sodium pump activity was significantly greater (p less than 0.0005) in white hypertensives than in white normotensives. No such difference was observed between black hypertensive and normotensives. 86Rb uptake was significantly lower in black than in white normotensive individuals; this racial differences was not due to a difference in sodium pump activity. PMID- 7297318 TI - Sodium intake, blood pressure and red cell sodium efflux. AB - A series of studies have been undertaken correlating sodium intake, blood pressure and red cell 22Na efflux. The results for male and female patients differ. In male patients with elevated blood pressure, increased sodium intake caused a rise in blood pressure and a fall in red cell 22Na efflux rate. In female patients the results were variable and while certain females followed the above pattern, others had the converse response. Evidence is presented that the change in red cell 22Na efflux is due to a factor in plasma that inhibits the ouabain sensitive component of sodium efflux. This increases after acute and chronic sodium loading and may be similar to natriuretic factor described previously. It is postulated that increased sodium intake causes hypertension by producing a humoral factor that inhibits sodium transport out of cells and that this alters the calcium content of muscle cells and increases their contractility and thus produces hypertension. PMID- 7297321 TI - Factors affecting the sodium permeability of rat erythrocytes. PMID- 7297320 TI - Intralymphocytic sodium concentration: a sensitive index to identify young subjects at risk of hypertension. AB - In subjects with borderline (BL) hypertension and in normal subjects with familial hypertension (FH), the increase in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) induced by mental arithmetic, handgrip and bicycle exercise strongly correlates with intralymphocytic sodium concentration (ILSC). In BL subjects with high or normal ILSC basal BP values are identical, but the increase in DBP during stress is significantly greater in BL subjects with high ILSC. The same phenomenon can be found in normal subjects with FH. Four hours after acute salt loading urinary Na+ is significantly higher in BL subjects with high ILSC. ILSC is a test by which one can identify BL and normal subjects with abnormal responsiveness to stimuli and who probably are fated to develop sustained hypertension. PMID- 7297322 TI - Net efflux rate of norepinephrine from platelets in normotensive individuals belonging to families with a heavy accumulation of essential hypertension. AB - Platelets have been used as a model of sympathetic neurons to study the storage of norepinephrine in normotensive individuals who all had a first degree relative with essential hypertension and had hypertension in the family for at least two generations. The initial rate of efflux of norepinephrine, k, was determined in 44 young relatives (mean age 29.2 years), in 18 middle-aged relatives (mean age 46.7 years) and in 31 young controls with no known family history of essential hypertension (mean age 29.8 years). From the material of relatives all those with definite hypertension had been a priori excluded. k was significantly higher in the young relatives (22.7 +/- 7.9) than in the middle-aged relatives (17.7 +/- 6.4) (p less than 0.05). 27.3% of the relatives had higher k-values than any of the controls. A significant correlation was found between k-value and diastolic blood pressure in controls but not in young relatives. PMID- 7297323 TI - Evidence that the increased calcium sensitivity of resistance vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats is an intrinsic defect of their vascular smooth muscle. AB - We have investigated media thickness and noradrenaline- and calcium-sensitivity of isolated mesenteric resistance vessels from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, which had been treated in various ways. Vessels from untreated SHRs had an increased media thickness and increased noradrenaline- and calcium-sensitivity. Anti-hypertensive treatment of SHRs and WKYs with Felodipine reduced blood pressure, eliminated the difference in vessel media thickness, but did not reduce vessel noradrenaline- or calcium-sensitivity. Chemical sympathectomy of SHRs and WKYs at birth likewise resulted in reduced blood pressure, but did not eliminate the difference in vessel media thickness although again vessel noradrenaline- and calcium-sensitivity remained unchanged. Induction of renal hypertension in WKYs caused an increase in blood pressure and increase in vessel media thickness, but did not affect vessel noradrenaline sensitivity. The results suggest that while vessel media thickness is influenced by blood pressure, the sensitivity differences of SHR resistance vessels are an intrinsic defect of their vascular smooth muscle, independent both of blood pressure and neurogenic influences. PMID- 7297324 TI - Immunogenetic markers in essential hypertension. AB - In a series of 148 patients with essential hypertension, the presence of the atherosclerotic C3-F gene and HLA-antigen frequences were investigated, and the results were compared with those in 62 age and sex matched normotensive controls. The frequency of C3-F was significantly higher in patients (p less than 0.03), as was HLA-B15 in patients with a positive family history of hypertension (p less than 0.05). The presence of the C3-F gene was associated with an increased risk (= 10.2) for coronary heart disease, and B15 was associated with an increased risk (= 6.0) for cerebral events in both familial and non familial cases of hypertension. It is suggested that determination of the C3-F gene and HLA antigens might be a tool in the identification of hypertensive patients at particular high risk for vascular events, irrespective of BP levels. The study support the suggestions that some genetic factors may act via immunological pathways. PMID- 7297325 TI - Characteristic variation in the plasma proteins in essential hypertension. PMID- 7297326 TI - Calcium binding alteration in plasma membrane from various tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Calcium binding properties of plasma membrane enriched fractions from various tissues were studied in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls (WKY). In all tissues tested (heart, liver, nerve endings, erythrocytes), high affinity calcium binding sites were characterized. Their KD values were in the range of the cytosolic free calcium concentration : (10(-8) 10(-7)). Whatever the tissue, plasma membrane enriched fraction from SHR exhibited a reduced calcium binding capacity but no significant change in affinity. This decrease which averaged 15-25% was also observed in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187 and thus does not result from a modified accessibility of calcium to its binding sites. It is suggested that this abnormality may be of genetic origin and is possibly implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. PMID- 7297327 TI - Comparison of outward and inward Na+/K+ cotransport-mediated fluxes in erythrocytes of essential hypertensive patients. Preliminary results. AB - A hereditary defect in the outward ouabain-resistant, furosemide-sensitive (ORFS) Na+/K+ cotransport has recently been reported by Garay and Meyer in erythrocytes of essential hypertensive patients and some of their normotensive offsprings. Since Na+/K+ cotransport in erythrocytes operates bidirectionally, the same defect might be detectable in the ORFS component of K+ influx rate. To test this hypothesis outward and inward Na+/K+ cotransport measurements were performed in erythrocytes of hypertensives and normotensive controls. Our preliminary results confirm the observation of a reduced outward cotransport in essential hypertension and also suggest that inward cotransport may be reduced in essential hypertension. PMID- 7297328 TI - Familial aggregation of cation transport abnormalities and essential hypertension. AB - The maximal rate of activity of Na extrusion by the Na pump, Na-K outward cotransport, Na-Li countertransport and the rate constant for passive permeability to Na, K and Li were measured in the RBC of 24 normotensive subjects with both parents normotensive, 45 hypertensive subjects and 24 of their normotensive offspring. The Na extrusion by the Na pump and the passive permeability to Na, K and Li are equal. The hypertensives have significantly greater Na-Li countertransport and smaller Na-K cotransport when compared to the normotensives. Na-K cotransport and Na-Li countertransport are positively correlated, thus suggesting some relationship between the two systems. When arbitrary normal limits are set the hypertensives are divided in three groups: normal cotransport and countertransport (22.2%) high countertransport (31.1%) and low cotransport (44.4%). In nine hypertensive families studied if either alteration was observed in a hypertensive propositus, this was of the same kind as the one in case observed in any first degree relative, whether already hypertensive or young normotensive. The observed alterations are primitive to the development of hypertension and possibly related to its pathogenesis. PMID- 7297329 TI - [The roentgenographic manifestations of primary lung cancer and its pathological basis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297330 TI - [Cavitary carcinoma of the lung: analysis of 29 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297331 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema during chemotherapy of late stage tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297332 TI - [Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung: report of 16 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297334 TI - [Preliminary observations on the peripheral chemoreflexive ventilatory response in cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297333 TI - [Pathological changes of the pleura in silicosis and silicotuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297335 TI - [A report on the pharmacologic experiment of "brain-waking injection" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297336 TI - [Acute miliary pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: clinical analysis of 100 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297337 TI - [Observations on 100 cases of secondary anemia in pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297338 TI - [Ambulant primary treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: retrospective analysis of 109 cases followed-up for seven years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297339 TI - [Clinical analysis of 102 cases of chronic tuberculous empyema treated with modified Heller's thoracoplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297341 TI - [Symposium: differential diagnosis of solitary lung lesion with diameter under three centimeters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297340 TI - [Chronic tuberculous empyema treated by an improved intrapleural thoracoplasty: clinical report of 77 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297342 TI - [Early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297343 TI - [Recent advances in treatment of lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297344 TI - Evaluation of the S phase distribution of flow cytometric DNA histograms by autoradiography and computer algorithms. AB - Cell sorting and tritiated thymidine autoradiography were used to define the distribution of S phase cells in flow cytometric DNA histograms obtained from exponential mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y). The numbers of labeled S phase cells, autoradiographically determined from cells sorted at 2-channel intervals in the G1/early S and late S/G2M regions of the histogram, were compared with the numbers of computed S phase cells in comparable 2-channel intervals as predicted by several computer algorithms used to extract cell cycle phase distributions from DNA histograms. Polynomial and multirectangle algorithms gave computed estimates of total %S in close agreement with the tritiated thymidine labeling index for the cell population, while multi-Gaussian algorithms underestimated %S. Interval autoradiographic and algorithm studies confirmed these results in that no significant differences were found between the autoradiographic S phase distribution and S phase distributions calculated by the polynomial and multirectangle models. However, S phase cells were significantly underestimated in G1/early S by a constrained multi-Gaussian model and in both G1/early S and late S/G2 by an unconstrained multi-Gaussian model. For the particular cell line (L5178Y), staining protocol (mithramycin following ethanol fixation) and instrumentation (Coulter TPS-2 cell sorter) used in this study, close agreement between computed %S and tritiated thymidine labeling index was found to be a reliable indicator of an algorithm's success in resolving S phase cells in the G1/S and S/G2 transition regions of the DNA histograms. PMID- 7297346 TI - A dual laser flow sorter utilizing a CW pumped dye laser. AB - A dual laser flow sorter has been constructed from an existing single laser system by incorporating a dye laser as the second laser source. The argon ion laser emission was used both as a pump laser and as a source by beam splitting before entrance to the dye laser. The emissions of the dye laser and pump laser beams were recombined and focused with the same optical train used in the single laser system. The imaging on the stream of the flow sorter provided for spatial and thus temporal separation of the exciting beams and subsequent sample emissions. PMID- 7297345 TI - A fluorescence polarization flow cytometer. AB - The effect of mitogens on the degree of polarization of the fluorescence from viable human lymphocytes, labeled with fluorescein, have been reported to be different in cells from subjects with malignant disease as compared with those from healthy donors. This has potential applications in the field of clinical diagnosis and a flow cytometer could be the instrument of choice for this purpose. We believe that such an instrument should be simple and easy to use and a flow cytometer was assembled with this in mind and with the object of gaining experience which would provide the basis for a future finalized design. The instrument is suitable for use in other biologic applications where polarization is of interest and also as a general purpose flow cytometer. Its main features, its characteristics and preliminary performance report are presented here. PMID- 7297347 TI - Selection of viable cells with known DNA content. AB - Cells doubly stained with Hoechst 33342 (H-33342) for DNA content and fluorescein diacetate for viability can be selected on the basis of both criteria using a single UV laser flow sorter. The selection is made possible due to resonance energy transfer occurring between the H-33342 and fluorescein fluorophores. Both a static fluorescence microscope and a dual laser flow sorter were used to demonstrate that energy transfer occurs in the doubly stained cells and that the sensitized emission in conjunction with the DNA emission can be used to select populations of cells with known DNA content and viability. The results indicate that fluorescein liberated by cellular esterases is freely accessible to the nucleus. PMID- 7297349 TI - An optical model for fluorescence of mammalian sperm in flow cytometry. AB - When flat sperm heads that have been stained to fluorescence are examined in a flow cytometer, unexpectedly, skewed pulse height distributions are obtained despite the apparent homogeneity of the samples. This anomaly has been ascribed to an optical artifact that arises when the cells are oriented in flow. We have extended our model for fluorescent scattering to spheroids and here explore some aspects for oblate spheroids which serve to model sperm heads. Although computational limitations have restricted these studies to oblate spheroids about 1.5 micrometer in diameter and an eccentricity of 0.1, the results clearly show effects of particle size, shape, optical properties and particularly of orientation on the differential scattering cross-sections. This plethora of information contained in the fluorescent signals may suggest further experiments. PMID- 7297348 TI - The tradeoff of cell classifier error rates. AB - In gynecologic cytodiagnosis it is generally agreed that specimen false negative errors are more serious than false positives. When classifying individual cells, however, it is not obvious how one should adjust the parameters that control the two cell error rates. In the case where a specimen classifier follows a cell classifier, one can calculate the sample size required to achieve specified overall performance. This analysis shows that for the small abnormal cell proportions encountered in cervical cytology, cell false positives should be kept so low that a substantial portion of the abnormal cells are missed. PMID- 7297350 TI - The effect of abnormal cell proportion on specimen classifier performance. AB - In two previous papers we developed formulas relating the performance (error rates) of a two-class specimen classifier to the performance of a preceding two class classifier and the number of cells examined (K. R. Castleman and B. S. White, Analytical and Quantitative Cytology 2:117, 1980 and K. R. Castleman and B. S. White, Cytometry 1:156, 1980.). This analysis assumed a certain proportion (p) of abnormal cells on an abnormal specimen. In this paper we examine what happens when a system designed assuming one value of p is presented with a positive specimen having a different abnormal cell proportion. We show that the specimen false negative error rate increases dramatically as p decreases below the design value, and conversely. This suggests that the specimen classification performance of a particular system should be quoted only with reference to the abnormal cell proportion of the specimens used for testing. PMID- 7297352 TI - Monocyte-induced cell cycle synchronization of a leukemic cell line in vitro. AB - Human monocytes cultured in vitro exert cytostatic activity against neoplastic cell lines. The cytostatic effect was examined on the nonadherent human leukemic cell line K-562. After 24 hours of co-culture between monocytes and K-562 cells (in a ratio of 10: 1), the K-562 cells were removed and their DNA-synthesis and DNA-content were examined by methyl-3H-thymidine incorporation and flow cytofluorometry. Cell proliferation curves were obtained. A partial and reversible cell cycle block in the G0/G1-phase was observed. After removal of the target cells from the monocyte monolayers, the target cells regained their normal proliferation rate during the following 1 to 3 days, with a maximal number of cells in S-phase at 7 to 9 hours after separation of target cells from the monocytes. The most marked effect was induced by monocytes cultured in vitro for 12 days, and with monocytes stimulated with lymphokine, i.e. supernatants from BCG-exposed lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 7297351 TI - The effect of hexamethylene-bis-acetamide on multiparameter analysis of Friend leukemia cells. AB - Friend leukemia cells were induced to differentiate by hexamethylene-bis acetamide (HMBA). The relationship between cell growth cell volume distribution, fluorescence intensity and fluorescence anisotropy of the membrane probe 1,6 diphenyl 1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH) was analyzed in differentiated and undifferentiated cells with the aid of the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS II). The induction of a differentiated state was associated with a decrease in cell volume and an increase of fluorescence anisotrophy. The inhibition of this induction by dexamethasone prevented the decrease of cell volume without affecting the increase of fluorescence anisotropy. We conclude therefore that the high degree of anisotropy is not correlated to the differentiated state nor with the volume of the cells. PMID- 7297353 TI - DNA content and kinetic characteristics of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: determined by flow cytometry and autoradiography. AB - The determination of DNA content and [3H]thymidine labeling index was carried out on malignant lymph nodes from 74 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Analysis of cellular DNA content was performed using propidium iodide as DNA-specific fluorescence dye. The ploidy was expressed as the DNA ratio between the relative DNA content of the human lymphoid G0/1 cells to that of chicken red blood cells. Forty-five of the 74 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (61%) were aneuploid populations and the majority of these (91%) showed a hyperdiploid DNA content. A higher frequency of aneuploidy (72%) was observed in tumors with unfavorable histology than in those with a favorable histology (55%). Moreover, among aneuploid lymphomas heterogeneous populations were observed in 24% of the cases. The evaluation of flow cytometric data using Fried's deconvolution procedure showed no statistically different frequency of G0/1, S and G2 + M cells between the two groups of tumors with favorable and unfavorable histology. on the contrary, a statistically different frequency of G0/1 and S cells was observed between the two groups of tumors with low and high labeling indices (P less than 0.01). A correlation was found between autoradiographic and flow cytometric determination of S phase cells (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7297354 TI - Flow cytometric measurement of nuclear DNA content variations as a potential in vivo mutagenicity test. AB - Mutagen-induced variations of the cellular DNA content have been studied in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo using high resolution flow cytometric techniques. During the first days after a single injection of the chemical mutagen cyclophosphamide an increased coefficient of variation in the G1 peak of the flow histograms was observed. The magnitude and duration of this effect were dose dependent. The reproducibility of the measurements was high, indicating that individual variability between animals and instrumental dispersion is small. The results demonstrate that on the basis of the flow cytometric measurement of cellular DNA content, a short-term in vivo test for mutagenicity can be established which is much faster than conventional cytogenetic methods. PMID- 7297355 TI - Calibration of flow cytometry detector systems. AB - A method of determining the relative intensity of the fluorescence signal measured by a fluorescence activated signal measured by a fluorescence activated cell sorter is described. The calibration process is a multistep procedure, in which the signal gain due to the amplifier module is first evaluated, followed by determination of the photomultiplier response as a function of tube voltage for each fluorochrome and filter combination of interest. Using these values, a simple mathematical calculation then determines the relative intensity of a fluorescent signal, even for samples differing in intensity by several orders of magnitude. PMID- 7297356 TI - The look-up table: a logarithmic converter for cell sorters. AB - The employment of logarithmic amplifiers for flow cytometers is discussed and a logarithmic conversion algorithm is introduced. Two applications of the algorithm are given: the rescaling of a histogram and the use of a cheap programmable read only memory circuit. The performance of the algorithm is compared with a logarithmic amplifier. PMID- 7297357 TI - Malignant retrorectal tumors: 28 years' experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. AB - From 1949 to 1977, 39 patients with localized malignant retrorectal tumors were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Chordomas were the most frequent histologic type (38 per cent of patients) followed by neurogenic tumors (15 per cent) chondrosarcomas, hemangiopericytomas, and embryonal adenocarcinomas (8 per cent each). Treatment consisted of surgical excision in 28 patients (18 of whom received adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy). Ten patients were treated nonsurgically, receiving radiation and/or chemotherapy alone. Large tumors were most successfully managed by a combined surgical approach consisting of exploratory celiotomy, rectal mobilization, and bilateral hypogastric artery (with middle sacral artery and vein) ligation, followed by transsacral tumor excision with incontinuity sacrectomy. For all treated patients, survival at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years was 69 per cent, 50 per cent, 37 per cent and 20 per cent, respectively. Long-term disease-free survival (17 to 25 years post treatment) was noted in six patients. [Key words: Tumor(s), retrorectal, malignant; Tumor(s), treatment]. PMID- 7297358 TI - Appendices removed at cesarean section: histopathology. AB - Appendices removed from 100 healthy Nigerian Igbo women during elective cesarean operation and examined microscopically as three random cross sections showed that lesions categorized as luminal pus, luminal fibrosis, mucosal ulceration, muscular inflammation, crypt abscess and crypt necrosis were present in numerous sections. As elsewhere, these asymptomatic patients might have had clinical acute appendicitis in the puerperium. to explain the possible outcome in the rest of such patients, the crypt of Lieberkuhn was advanced as a research-worthy histopathologic unit. Thus, in the natural history of the disease, both crypt abscess and crypt necrosis are contrastable bipolar lesions. In all probability, worldwide research on these intriguing lesions will reveal crucial clues to one or more facets of the pathogenesis of appendicitis. [Key words: Appendicitis, pathogenesis; appendix, histopathology] PMID- 7297359 TI - Radiology of sigmoid volvulus. AB - Sigmoid volvulus is often a surgical emergency. The diagnosis is usually reached on the basis of both clinical and radiologic assessment. A review of the radiologic findings in 20 patients diagnosed as having sigmoid volvulus is presented. Typical radiographic features are illustrated. Reasons for their absence in certain cases are discussed. [Key words: Volvulus, sigmoid; Diagnostic problems; Sigmoid, volvulus]. PMID- 7297360 TI - Sigmoid volvulus: high mortality in county hospital patients. AB - Between 1970 and 1980, 12 patients were admitted 16 times to San Bernardino County Medical Center for sigmoid volvulus. The seven men and five women averaged 68.5 years old. Sixty-seven per cent recounted histories of neuropsychiatric disorders. Fifty per cent had been institutionalized. Forty-two per cent had endured previous episodes of sigmoid volvulus. Fourteen of 24 nonoperative attempts at reduction were successful but were followed by nine recurrences. Ten of 12 patients eventually underwent surgery. Eight procedures were electively scheduled following spontaneous or nonoperative reductions. Two emergency procedures for gangrenous colons were required. Both of these patients died. Mortality following elective surgery was 25 per cent. Twenty-nine major complications followed the ten procedures. All ten patients underwent sigmoid resections. Follow-up disclosed only two living patients. Only five had survived one year following initial hospitalization and only two for two years. The high mortality of this and other American series was attributed to the frail nature of the elderly, debilitated, institutionalized patients with neuropsychiatric and multiple medical disorders, who develop sigmoid volvulus in the United States. [Key words: Volvulus, sigmoid, Sigmoid, surgical treatment]. PMID- 7297361 TI - Screening for colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic patients using flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy. AB - Four hundred seventeen asymptomatic patients with an average age of 52 years underwent screening flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy. Seventy-three polyps were detected in 52 patients with a 17.5 per cent detection rate. Half were above 25 cm and one-third were greater than 1.0 cm in size. Biannual follow-up of these patients is planned to determine the efficacy of this screening procedure combined with removal of all polyps in preventing the development of colorectal cancer. PMID- 7297362 TI - Stercoral perforation in a patient with adult Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 7297363 TI - Anal sphincter reconstruction and perineal resurfacing with a gracilis myocutaneous flap. PMID- 7297364 TI - Long-term survivors with nonresectable advanced carcinoma of the rectum. AB - Two patients with advanced rectal cancer, women aged 73 and 49 years, have survived more than nine years with chemotherapy only and no surgical removal of the disease foci. In one patient, the tumor completely disappeared, and in the other the tumor stopped growing and its size remained unchanged. The reason for this long-term survival appears to be a high susceptibility to anticancer agents and persistence of enhanced host immunity. PMID- 7297365 TI - Asymptomatic rectal perforation with retroperitoneal emphysema. AB - A 57-year-old man administered an enema to himself, preparatory to intravenous pyelography. He left after the films were taken and could not be reached when retroperitoneal emphysema was detected, He was located 12 days later and found in good health. Abdominal x-ray films and rectosigmoidoscopy were normal. The patient refused further investigations. It is assumed that a small perforation occurred at the rectosigmoid junction during the self-administration of the enema. This assumption is borne out by the pattern of air distribution. The total absence of complaints and physical signs is unusual, although not unique; similar cases have been reported previously. The cause of such injury is mechanical, since the high pressures necessary to rupture the rectum are not usually attained in ordinary enemas. Caution is called for in intrarectal instrumentation, especially in older patients. PMID- 7297366 TI - The association of carcinoid tumors of the rectum with myelofibrosis: report of two cases. AB - Two patients with myelofibrosis, a primary malignancy of the hematopoietic system, have developed carcinoid tumors of the rectum. This development is rare, as rectal carcinoids are more often associated with other carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Rectal carcinoid tumors are, in general, less commonly associated with second malignancies than are carcinoid tumors of foregut and midgut origin. PMID- 7297367 TI - Evanescent colitis. AB - Evanescent colitis was first reported in 1971. This clinical entity is manifested by abrupt onset of colicky abdominal pain usually out of proportion to the physical findings, loose stools progressing to hematochezia, and segmental colonic involvement with spontaneous resolution in a matter of days. The diagnosis can be suggested by abdominal flat plate; confirmation depends upon barium-enema examination early in the course of the illness. The clinical presentation is identical to that of colonic ischemia with one remarkable exception: while colonic ischemia has come to be regarded as a disease of the elderly, usually with underlying vascular disease, evanescent colitis occurs in young people who are otherwise free of disease. In this report the authors present nine cases whose course is classic for colonic ischemia except that they are all less than 50 years of age and free of underlying vascular disease. Two of the patients were on oral contraceptive medication. A review of the literature revealed 15 additional cases. Five of these cases were associated with oral contraceptives. Conditions to be excluded in the differential diagnosis of this disease are the specific infectious colitides, idiopathic ulcerative colitis, granulomatous colitis and antibiotic-related pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 7297368 TI - A new technique of hand reversal using a harness-type endoscope holder for twin knob colonoscopy and flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy. PMID- 7297369 TI - Hemorrhoidal banding. PMID- 7297370 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide in acute pancreatitis and small-bowel infarction in dogs. AB - Serum and urine concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were measured during experimental acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and small-bowel infarction in dogs. The mean serum PP concentration in animals with pancreatitis increased markedly after 1 hr and remained elevated, while the mean serum PP concentration in the animals with infarction showed a late trend to increase. The urine PP concentration in pancreatitis increased nonsignificantly, whereas, during bowel infarction, there was no increase. In the infarction group, PP clearance correlated with the serum PP concentration. During pancreatitis, PP was cleared independently of the serum PP concentration. The results suggest that during acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis there is an acute release of PP related to immediate cell injury in the pancreas. The high serum concentration of PP may lead to an override of the normal renal handling of PP. In small-bowel infarction there may be a delayed mode of PP release. PMID- 7297371 TI - Is measurement of lower esophageal sphincter pressure clinically useful? PMID- 7297372 TI - In support of the clinical usefulness of lower esophageal sphincter pressure determination. PMID- 7297373 TI - Return of esophageal peristalsis in achalasia secondary to gastric cancer. AB - A 69-year-old white man developed progressive symptoms of dysphagia for solids and liquids and regurgitation of undigested food accompanied by a 12-kg weight loss over a 4-month period. Initially, radiographs of the esophagus and stomach were normal, but when repeated 4 months later, a diagnosis of achalasia was suggested. Esophageal manometry performed at that time demonstrated a motor abnormality of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter consistent with a diagnosis of achalasia. Upper endoscopy revealed a small ulcerated tumor in the cardia of the stomach. A biopsy specimen was interpreted as adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Surgical treatment included resection of the gastric tumor along with a 4-cm segment of the distal esophagus, resection of a collar of apparently uninvolved stomach, and esophagogastrostomy. Nine months following surgery the patient was restudied. An upper gastrointestinal roentgenogram demonstrated a return of esophageal caliber and configuration to normal. Manometry showed that esophageal contractions had reverted to a normal progressive, postdeglutition pattern throughout the length of the esophagus. This is the first report in which achalasia secondary to gastric adenocarcinoma was reversed after tumor resection. PMID- 7297374 TI - Filiform polyposis in Crohn's colitis mimicking toxic megacolon. AB - A patient with filiform polyposis in Crohn's colitis is reported. Unlike previous reports of filiform polyposis, this patient's colitis was of rapid onset and antedated development of pseudopolyps by a short duration. Additionally, unlike previous reports, the disease process was quite aggressive. The extensive degree of fissuring found throughout the bowel wall may have produced the unusually shaped polyps and caused the toxic colonic atony. PMID- 7297375 TI - Feeding augments canine jejunal absorption via a hormonal mechanism. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether hormones mediate the postprandial increase in absorption of water, glucose, and electrolytes that occurs in the canine jejunum. In four dogs, a 75-cm isolated loop of jejunum was extrinsically denervated by autotransplantation. After recovery, the loop was perfused at 2.8 ml/min with an isotonic solution of 130 mM glucose, 80 mM NaCl, and trace amounts of [14C]PEG. Mean transit times through the loop were assessed concurrently with 0.5-ml boluses of [3H]PEG. Experiments were performed during fasting and after an oral meal of 200 g liver. Under steady-state conditions, net absorption of water, glucose, sodium, and chloride was greater after feeding than during fasting. In contrast, mean transit times were nearly identical during fasting and after feeding. We concluded that the augmentation of jejunal absorption of water, glucose, and the electrolytes after feeding was brought about by mechanisms other than alterations in transit time or effects induced via the extrinsic nerves. The augmentation appeared to be mediated, in part, by hormones. PMID- 7297376 TI - Ricinoleic acid causes secretion in autotransplanted (extrinsically denervated) canine jejunum. AB - To examine the role of extrinsic nerves and hormones in intestinal secretion of fluid, we studied the effect of ricinoleic acid on absorption by isolated, autotransplanted jejunal loops in four dogs. Compared to perfusion with control solution, the addition of ricinoleic acid caused reversible secretion of water and electrolytes and inhibition of glucose absorption, as previously described in the innervated intestine. In contrast, oral castor oil caused diarrhea but had no effect on absorption from the denervated loop. Thus, the secretory action of ricinoleic acid is maintained without the influence of extrinsic nerves; in addition, further support is added to the proposal that hormones do not mediate secretion in this model. These findings support a local mechanism for the secretion induced by ricinoleic acid. PMID- 7297377 TI - Low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol as a probe of gastrointestinal permeability after alcohol ingestion. AB - Gastrointestinal permeability has been assessed previously by the excretion of PEG-400, which consists of inert molecules that are neither degraded nor metabolized and are excreted intact in the urine. We report here the effects of alcohol on gastrointestinal permeability using PEG-400. Ten grams of PEG-400 dissolved in 60 ml of water were given to 12 intoxicated alcoholics (mean blood alcohol: 2406 mg/liter). The mean urinary excretion of PEG-400 in the following 6 hr was 3.75 +/- 0.3 g SEM. When repeated after sobering up (mean elapsed time: 45 hr), all except one subject showed a decrease in PEG-400 excretion (mean: 2.08 +/ 0.2 g) (P less than 0.001). Similar experiments were conducted in two series with 12 normal controls. (1) In 7 subjects the administration on consecutive days of (a) PEG-400 (10 g) alone, (b) 10.2 g (0.42 mol) of ethanol plus PEG-400 (10 g), (c) PEG-400 (10 g) alone, and (d) PEG-400 (10 g) plus a diuretic (40 mg furosemide) resulted in the following values of PEG-400 excretion in urine: (a) 2.12 +/- 0.3 g; (b) 3.5 +/- 0.3 g, P less than 0.005; (c) 2.02 +/- 0.4, NS; and (d) 2.2 +/- 0.2 g, NS. (2) In the second experiment (5 subjects) the administration on subsequent days of (a) PEG-400 (10 g) + 0.42 mol of urea; (b) PEG-400 (10 g) + 19.2 g ethanol; (c) PEG-400 (10 g) + 0.42 mol of urea resulted also, as in the previous experiment, in increased urinary excretion of PEG-400 after the solution (b) containing ethanol (P less than 0.001). Peak serum levels of PEG-400 were (a) 0.094 +/- 0.01 g/liter; (b) 0.152 +/- 0.02 g/liter (P less than 0.05); and (c) 0.095 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.05). The ratio of urea- creatinine clearance and urinary volumes were the same in the three periods. Therefore, PEG-400 excretion was not related to changes in urinary clearance or in volume, since the furosemide increased the volume but not PEG-400 excretion. It is concluded that ethanol increases the permeability of the gastrointestinal tract as measured by the PEG-400 test, both in chronic alcoholics during intoxication and in nonalcoholics after a small dose of ethanol. The permeability alteration is transient once ethanol ingestion stops. PMID- 7297378 TI - Clinical value of serum bile acid levels in chronic hepatitis. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to determine if individual serum bile acid (SBA) levels are clinically useful in differentiating patients with asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis (CAH) from patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH). Fasting and postprandial SBA levels were obtained from 16 patients with CAH, 12 with CPH, and 18 control subjects. Levels of cholylglycine (CG) and total cholic acid conjugates (CCA) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also obtained from each subject. There were no significant differences in the mean fasting and 3-hr postprandial CG or CCA levels between the CPH group and the control subjects. The mean fasting and 3-hr CG and CCA levels were significantly higher for the CAH group than the CPH group (P less than 0.05 for each comparison). A combination of the 3-hr postprandial CG and CCA levels with the ALT levels resulted in a better separation of the two groups. All patients with CAH had either a 3-hr CCA level of 200 micrograms/dl, a 3-hr CG level of 170 microgram/dl, or an ALT level of 120 IU/liter. Using these values, only patients with CPH were misclassified as having CAH, and no control subject reached any of these levels. Although the differences obtained were statistically significant, the separation based on a combination of CG, CCA, or ALT levels may have been fortuitous. Nevertheless, these data suggest that postprandial serum bile acid levels may have clinical utility in identifying patients with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis who are likely to have CAH. PMID- 7297379 TI - Left pleural effusion in patients with chronic liver disease and ascites. Prospective study of 22 cases. AB - In a prospective study of 22 cases of left pleural effusion in patients with chronic liver disease and ascites, 16 patients underwent thoracentesis, revealing ten transudates, considered to be hepatic hydrothorax, and six exudates, four of which turned out to be due to tuberculosis. Unilateral left pleural effusion is rare in chronic liver disease with ascites, but if present it is associated with a high incidence of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis (18%). PMID- 7297380 TI - Effect of opiates on gastroduodenal motility following surgical operation. AB - Following surgical operations, opiate analgesics are widely used to control pain. This situation was used to investigate patterns of human gastroduodenal motility and the effect of opiate analgesics on this motility during the early postoperative period. Gastric contractions were absent for 6--12 hr following surgery in most patients, while there was no inhibition of duodenal contractions in any patient. Opiate administration had no effect on either the time of return of gastric contractions or on gastric motility once contractions had returned during the period of study. Duodenal contractility, however, was markedly increased by opiate administration (P less than 0.001) and took the form of frequent bursts of phase III activity of the interdigestive migrating complex (IDMC), but with a reduction in the proportion of phase II activity. PMID- 7297382 TI - Sacroiliac joints in chronic dermatoses. AB - In 34 patients with different chronic skin diseases (including eczemas, lichen ruber, erythrodermia, pyodermia, pemphigus erythematosus, vasculitis, parapsoriasis varioliformis, scleroderma adultorum Buschke, prophyria cutanea tarda, rosacea, dermatomyositis, erythematodes chronicus discoides and indurative tuberculosis), X-ray studies revealed sacroiliac-changes consistent with a low grade inflammation. This oteoarthritis slightly differs from the patterns disclosed earlier by the same authors in psoriatic patients, lacking any clinical bone or joint symptoms. So far, it has not been possible to explain their nature, cause or development. PMID- 7297381 TI - Lower esophageal sphincter pressure as an index of gastroesophageal acid reflux. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and the volume of acid placed into the stomach required to induce gastroesophageal reflux in man. LES pressure was recorded continuously and by station pull-through by three radially oriented catheters in both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects during the graded infusions of 0.1 N HCl acid into the stomach. Symptomatic subjects had a mean LES pressure of 7.5 +/- 0.7 mm Hg and refluxed at a volume of 140.0 +/- 21.0 ml. Fifty-five percent of asymptomatic subjects refluxed at a mean volume of 380.0 +/- 24.7 ml, and had a mean LES pressure of 13.8 +/- 0.4 mm Hg. Asymptomatic nonrefluxers at a volume of 500 ml of 0.1 N HCl acid had a mean LES pressure of 18.9 +/- 1.1 mm Hg. The mean LES pressure and acid volumes showed statistical significance between the three groups (P less than 0.01). There was an excellent overall correlation between LES pressure and acid volume required to produce reflux in all subjects (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001). Following reflux, asymptomatic but not symptomatic subjects showed a significance increase in LES pressure. These studies suggest that: (1) LES pressure does provide an accurate index of the gastroesophageal antireflux mechanism, provided that acid volume is considered; and (2) asymptomatic subjects showing acid reflux have higher LES pressures, reflux at higher volumes, and develop an LES contractile response after the reflux episode. PMID- 7297383 TI - Communicating semimembranoso-gastrocnemial Bursa. AB - In a prospective study we examined lateral radiographs of the knee joint before and after flexion exercises, in 300 consecutive arthrograms. We use the following definitions: (a) a popliteal or Baker's cyst is a clinical diagnosis and implicates a palpable popliteal mass, mostly in adults; (b) a communicating bursa is the semimembranoso-gastrocnemial bursa (s.g. bursa) communicating with the knee joint which is visible in the lateral arthrogram of the knee. It appears that the communicating s.g. bursa is more often present with knee pathology. The bursa has no other clinical or therapeutic significance. Such a bursa is not more commonly seen with an effusion. A bursal or synovial rupture is not correlated with knee pathology. Arthrography does not cause synovial rupture and seldom causes a bursal rupture. PMID- 7297385 TI - Detection and localization of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis with radionuclide venography. AB - Radionuclide venography has been performed in 180 patients for evaluation of the lower extremity deep venous system. 21 of these patients suffered from a pelvic vein thrombosis, in 5 out of these patients a systemic-portal shunting of blood has been discovered. Also the collateral circulation in the patients with a lower extremity deep venous thrombosis has been clearly shown. Radionuclide venography is a relatively simple method of thrombus detection in the pelvic veins and the lower extremity deep venous system. PMID- 7297384 TI - Bone scintigraphy in patients with juvenile kyphosis (M. Scheuermann). AB - A group of 32 patients between 10 and 16 years of age with a positive history and physical examination of juvenile kyphosis were studied. Both radiological and nuclear bone scanning studies of the spinal column were performed. Despite gross radiological abnormalities of the spinal column due to M. Scheuermann the bone scan was always negative. In 2 patients increased radionuclide accumulation was found due to active spondylodiscitis and a healing discitis. Our conclusion is that when a positive bone scan of a patient with M. Scheuermann is found one should consider other causes of involvement of the spinal column than juvenile kyphosis. PMID- 7297386 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. Summary of one year's examinations. AB - The material of 1 year's sonographic examinations of the gallbladder region have been analyzed for diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma in a prospective study from a large hospital. Of 11 cases diagnosed sonographically 6 were proved corrected by surgery or autopsy; 5 were false-positive results. In addition, there was 1 false-negative diagnosis. In 3 sonographically diagnosed cases fine-needle aspiration biopsy of suspected liver infiltration gave 2 positive and 1 false positive result. Sonography can suggest the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma, but inflammatory changes in the gallbladder may simulate or mask the signs of malignancy. PMID- 7297387 TI - The parenchymal form of cerebral cysticercosis. AB - 22 cases of the parenchymal form of cerebral cysticercosis are discussed. The parenchymal form presents a variance of appearance on computer tomography (CT). The five most common CT findings are described. They are classified as (1) completely calcified lesions, (2) cystic lesions with ring enhancement (with or without calcification), (3) nonenhancing cystic lesions; (4) homogeneously enhancing lesions, and (5) mixed parenchymal lesions. PMID- 7297388 TI - Cerebral angiography in Central Africa. AB - Based on the findings from angiograms done over a 4-year period in Zambia, the most common indications were cerebrovascular disorders, head injuries, infective lesions, epilepsy and intracranial tumours. A few patients were also investigated for headache and vomiting, visual symptoms and papilloedoma. The overall positive yield at 23% was high. 10% of the abnormalities were cerebrovascular lesions. (Occlusive disease and subdural haematoma were common; aneurysms, arteriosclerosis, epidural haematoma, arteriovenous malformations were rare.) Compared with western countries, tumours were not as common but brain abscess was encountered more frequently. Carotid angiography is a valuable tool in tropical neurological practice and the pattern of disease differs from the western countries. PMID- 7297389 TI - Multiple low (fat) attenuating lesions associated with an intracranial dermoid cyst: multiple dermoids or cyst rupture? A case report. AB - A 48-year-old female patient was operated on for a right frontal dermoid cyst. CT scans before and 2 years after the operation demonstrated identical multiple low density lesions, in the subarachnoid space as well as in the brain tissue. Multiplicity of dermoid cysts is postulated. PMID- 7297390 TI - Xeroradiography of tenomuscular traumatic pathologic conditions of the limbs. AB - Due to its intrinsic technical features xeroradiography is particularly suitable for the documentation of soft tissue abnormalities. Indications and advantages of the method in the posttraumatic alterations of the tenomuscular system of the limbs are discussed. Several examples of acute or chronic diseases are presented. The authors prefer this technique to the traditional films in view of the obtainable graphic results; a better demonstration of the tenomuscular structures is obtained. Often comparison with the contralateral side is necessary; the performance of "functional' xeroradiograms is essential, especially in smaller lesions. Xerography is a useful complement of clinical examinations for an early diagnosis of lesions, for detection of clinically doubtful lesions and for the follow-up after treatment. PMID- 7297392 TI - Correlation of double-contrast radiography and endoscopy in reflux esophagitis. AB - Esophageal double-contrast radiography was performed on 19 patients with endoscopically verified reflux esophagitis and on 12 patients with endoscopically normal esophagus. Using the findings at endoscopy as a reference, double-contrast radiography showed four false-negatives and one false-positive finding, its overall accuracy being 84%. In both double-contrast radiography and endoscopy, hiatal incompetence correlated poorly with the presence of any esophagitis. It was concluded that double-contrast radiography is the radiological method of choice in suspected reflux esophagitis, and that screening of the lower esophagus should be included in examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7297391 TI - Radiologic examination of the chest in bronchial carcinoma. Results of an inquiry in the Netherlands. AB - Radiologic examination of the chest in patients with or suspected of bronchial carcinoma remains to play a key role in tumour detection and the subsequent management of these patients. As no uniformity exists about the type(s) of radiologic investigation of the chest, an inquiry was held among the radiologic departments of all major hospitals in the Netherlands in 1980. The results are discussed. PMID- 7297394 TI - Scintigraphic aspects of 111In-chloride bone marrow scintigraphy in aplastic anaemia. AB - In 25 patients and 11 follow-up studies the clinical usefulness of bone marrow scanning with 111In-chloride in aplastic anaemia is evaluated. Semi-quantitative scanning of bone marrow scan results and the presence of bone marrow extension have proven to be helpful in monitoring the disease and determining aetiological factors. This study shows that 111In-chloride is able to demonstrate regional difference in the bone marrow status of the patient suffering from aplastic anaemia, thereby offering a useful alternative for iron radionuclides. PMID- 7297393 TI - The scalenus medius band and the seventh cervical transverse process. AB - A case is reported of compression of the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus by a fibrous scalenus medius band. The band, when present, connects the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra, to the first rib. Its presence may on occasions be inferred from the abnormal shape of the seventh cervical transverse process. Similar case reports are reviewed. A study of the length and shape of the transverse process in symptoms-free patients was contrasted with the appearance in a patient with a scalenus medius band and symptoms of brachial neuritis. It is concluded that the shape rather than the length of the process is the clue to the diagnosis. PMID- 7297395 TI - [Establishment of human pulmonary squamous cell cancer cell line (LTEP-78) and observation on its biologic properties (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297396 TI - [The cytokinetic effects of harringtonine on leukemia L1210 cells. II. Studies by microscopic photometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297397 TI - [Combined effect of hyperthermia and radiation on esophageal cancer cells and tissues in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297399 TI - [Experimental induction of cervical carcinoma in mice by genital herpes simplex virus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297398 TI - [Serum purpuric reaction in the diagnosis and mass survey of malignant tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297400 TI - [Induction of esophageal cancer in rats by different doses of N-methyl-N amylnitrosamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297401 TI - [The mechanisms of the action of anaerobic Corynebacteria vaccine and its proper use (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297402 TI - [Relationship between the histopathology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the prognosis after radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297403 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of superficial spreading type of early gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297404 TI - [Gonadoblastoma--light and ultrastructural. Observations of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297406 TI - [Smooth muscle tumors of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297405 TI - [Combined chemotherapy for malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297407 TI - [DNA from the tissues of aging rats has a circular dichroism spectrum analogous to the spectrum of gamma-irradiated DNA]. PMID- 7297408 TI - [Structure of gamma-crystallin IIIb from the calf lens at a resolution of 3 A]. PMID- 7297409 TI - [Characteristics of the hormonal functions of the digestive system based on a combination of perfusion of the isolated alimentary complex and radioimmunological determination of the hormones]. PMID- 7297410 TI - Psychological severity and response to alcoholism rehabilitation. AB - This study examines the problem of effective treatment for alcoholic patients with concurrent psychopathology. The subjects were 131 male veterans admitted to the Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center. They remained in an alcohol rehabilitation program at least five days following detoxification and were successfully followed up six months after admission. Subjects were divided into LOW, MID, and HIGH groups based on their psychological severity score. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was then used to assess problem severity in six areas (medical, legal, family, substance abuse, employment and psychological) at admission and 6-month follow-up. All groups showed significant improvement in several areas, especially alcohol use. However, between-groups analyeses of the outcome measures (adjusted for pre-treatment differences) showed significantly poorer status in the HIGH group on 10 of 17 criteria. The authors conclude that a general assessment of psychological status at admission can effectively predict response to alcoholism rehabilitation. Finally, the authors suggest that, despite the relatively poor results of alcohol rehabilitation for the HIGH patients, this type of treatment may provide a necessary and beneficial basis for subsequent treatment in a conventional psychiatric setting. PMID- 7297411 TI - Aversive effects of naltrexone in subjects not dependent on opiates. AB - Naltrexone was given to ten opiate-free volunteer subjects following the same dosage schedule used for initiating treatment of opiate-dependent persons. During the three-week initiation period, three subjects dropped from the study owing to aversive effects of the drug. The remaining seven subjects reported similar unpleasant but tolerable effects. A separate group of ten volunteer subjects was given single doses of 50 or 100 mg of naltrexone or a naltrexone placebo on three separate occasions using blind controls. These subjects also reported aversive effects. The principal symptoms reported were loss of energy, gastrointestinal disturbances and mental depression. It is possible that these aversive reactions of naltrexone have limited acceptance of the drug as a treatment for opiate dependent persons. PMID- 7297413 TI - Treatment attitudes of recovered alcoholic counselors and nonalcoholic counselors. AB - The advent of the profession of alcoholism counseling has generated concern about the clinical treatment attitudes of counselors who are recovered alcoholics. The treatment attitudes of eight recovered counselors and eight nonalcoholic counselors at a U.S. Navy alcohol treatment facility were compared by rating the counselors' perception of client clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and preference for treatment modality and goals. Recovered counselors perceived: greater psychological dependence on alcohol, higher probability of substitution of another drug for alcohol, psychologists as less helpful, Antabuse as more helpful, abstinence as a more necessary treatment goal, and transactional analysis as a more helpful treatment. No significant differences remained between the attitudes of both groups of counselors after intervening counselor characteristics (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous activity and alcohol training experience) were controlled. The findings may indicate reticence among nonalcoholic counselors to challenge traditional alcoholism treatment methods and theories. PMID- 7297412 TI - Chronic nicotine exposure in rat: a behavioural and biochemical study of tolerance. AB - Rats received nicotine (50 mg nicotine base/1) in their drinking fluid for 28 days. The daily consumption of nicotine was about 4 mg/kg per day. Controls received plain water. Body weight, food consumption and fluid intake were registered during the whole treatment period and up to 31 days after withdrawal of nicotine. A significant lower body weight was noted in rats, treated with nicotine, in comparison with control rats during the whole treatment period. After withdrawal of nicotine the body weight returned to normal. Only slight effects were seen on the food intake (at the beginning of the nicotine treatment). The fluid intake, on the other hand, was significantly lower in the nicotine group during the whole period of treatment and a reduced intake persisted 28 days after withdrawal of nicotine. Tolerance to nicotine was measured in rats 24 hours after withdrawal of nicotine, using two behavioural tests. No tolerance to nicotine was found after 31 days of withdrawal of nicotine. The number of nicotine-like binding sites was found to be reduced in the midbrain 24 hours after withdrawal of nicotine, while no significant change was found in the cortex and hippocampus. PMID- 7297414 TI - Effects of antipsychotic compounds in rhesus monkeys given a choice between cocaine and food. AB - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) and haloperidol (H) have been suggested as possible antagonists of the reinforcing effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs. To test this hypothesis in animals, four rhesus monkeys were trained in a preference procedure to choose between intravenous injections of cocaine or food presentation. Frequency of cocaine choice increased as unit dose of cocaine was increased. Continuous infusions of low or intermediate doses of CPZ or H either did not affect or increased the frequency of cocaine choice. Higher doses of CPZ or H completely suppressed responding for both reinforcers. Although ther appears to be a mutual antagonism of some of the effects of cocaine and these antipsychotic compounds, the results of the present experiment fail to support the hypothesis that the reinforcing effects of cocaine can be antagonized with CPZ or H. PMID- 7297415 TI - Intraarticular amphotericin B. PMID- 7297416 TI - Rubella vaccine--therapeutic abortion. PMID- 7297417 TI - Phenacetin and cancer of urinary tract. PMID- 7297418 TI - Acetohydroxamic acid--dissolution of urinary stones? PMID- 7297419 TI - How to survey patient satisfaction. PMID- 7297420 TI - An omen for future clinical and administrative managers. PMID- 7297421 TI - Use of colestipol in a patient with digoxin intoxication. AB - The steroid-binding drug colestipol was administered to a patient with digoxin intoxication and the serial digoxin levels were measured. The actual half-life of elimination of digoxin was 55 hours, whereas the predicted half-life calculated from standard pharmacokinetic equations was at least 85 hours. Colestipol presumably interrupts the enterohepatic recycling of digoxin and enhances its fecal excretion. This is the first documented report of the successful use of colestipol for digoxin intoxication. PMID- 7297422 TI - Hypertensive crisis resulting from avocados and a MAO inhibitor. AB - A hypertensive episode precipitated by avocados in a patient on tranylcypromine is described. The patient complained of severe throbbing headache, chest pain, and diaphoresis upon visiting the emergency room. Intravenous phentolamine was administered repeatedly to treat elevated blood pressure. Approximately 4 1/2 hours later, the patient's blood pressure stabilized, and he was released after a short period of observation. This is the first documented case of avocado induced hypertensive crisis. PMID- 7297423 TI - An unusual presentation for a urinary tract infection. PMID- 7297424 TI - Comment on intravenous emulsion compatibility. PMID- 7297426 TI - Drug trials in general practice. PMID- 7297425 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7297427 TI - Cyproterone acetate for severe hirsutism? PMID- 7297428 TI - [Excessive allergy due to benzoic acid followed by anaphylactic shock. (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a trained chemical worker highly sensitive to benzoic acid is described. He suffered from allergic reactions of increasing intensity while being constantly exposed to benzoic acid during work. After oral exposure to benzoic acid he suffered a severe anaphylactic shock and later on showed similar but milder reactions when eating food containing benzoic acid. No allergic reactions reoccurred avoiding every contact with benzoic acid especially observing a strict benzoic acid-free diet. PMID- 7297429 TI - [Environmental influences on fertility (author's transl)]. AB - The different environmental influences which can lead to fertility disturbances are set down in the form of a survey. Using literature and the results of our own investigations, particular reference is made to the possible influence of plant protecting agents and tobacco consumption. The necessity of clarification regarding health condition is stressed. PMID- 7297430 TI - [Influence of soap and Syndet upon alkali resistance (author's transl)]. AB - The alkali resistance test data of 189 metal workers (66 female, 123 male) and 28 college students (12 female, 16 male) was analysed by means of correlation analysis and "Vorzeichentest" relative to the dependence on age group and sex as well as the difference of the right- and left- arm-alkali resistance. The results showed no significant differences. The right-left comparison of a soap and synthetic detergent-washing of the forearms of 14 college students (7 female, 7 male) and 11 metal workers (2 female, 9 male), repeated after 4 and 8 weeks respectively, which was carried out in the following without age and sex differentiation, showed that the synthetic detergent washing had less influence on the alkali resistance than the soap washing. The interpretation of alkali resistance testing should be based upon knowledge about time and modus of previous washing and occupational exposure. PMID- 7297431 TI - [Sulfonyl urea compounds in diabetes therapy 1981. Arguments for a reasonable use]. PMID- 7297432 TI - [Risks of treatment with beta-blocking agents in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Haemodynamic investigations were performed in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction before and after intravenous application of 6 mg propranolol. Cardiac index was significantly decreased caused by reduction of cardiac frequency and stroke volume. Pulmonary capillary pressure increased significantly. As a consequence pulmonary and peripheral vascular resistance increased. Arterial blood pressure remained largely unaffected. Propranolol showed a haemodynamically beneficial decrease of left ventricular stroke work without signs of negative cardiodepression at a cardiac index of more than 3.0 l/min . m2. At a cardiac index of less than 3.0 l/min . m2 a haemodynamically detrimental lowering of cardiac index to ranges of insufficiency of 2.0 l/min . m2 on average occurred. Thus cardiac index is an important factor for the decision of use of beta blocking agents in acute myocardial infarction. Indiscriminate use of beta blocking substances should not be accepted. PMID- 7297433 TI - [Effects of magaldrate on circadian profile of gastric juice pH in medical intensive care patients (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of the antacid magaldrate on intragastric pH behaviour was investigated in 9 medical intensive care patients. During the 24-hour test period 10 ml of this complex preparation induced pH increases to values between 6 and 7 when it was administered every two hours. However, three-hourly administration of 15 ml magaldrate did not result in a sufficient intragastric pH increase. Thus relatively small volumes of magaldrate are sufficient to neutralize gastric acid of these intensive care patients effectively. PMID- 7297434 TI - [Familial disposition for toxic rhabdomyolysis with myocardial involvement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297436 TI - [Diagnosis of noncomplicated urinary tract infections in women]. PMID- 7297435 TI - [Distribution of hepatitis B virus in the population of Western Africa]. PMID- 7297437 TI - [Legal position of medical students during the practical year]. PMID- 7297439 TI - [Witch doctors among the Lapps]. PMID- 7297438 TI - [Mason diabetes]. PMID- 7297440 TI - [Will the development of malaria vaccines succeed?]. PMID- 7297441 TI - [Intestinal aspects of infant food allergy]. PMID- 7297442 TI - [Occupational tenosynovitis and peritendinitis of the arm and hand]. PMID- 7297443 TI - [Rickettsial typhus - a highly dangerous contagious disease?]. PMID- 7297445 TI - [Hepatolenticular degeneration, Wilson's disease]. PMID- 7297444 TI - [Drug induced agranulocytosis]. PMID- 7297446 TI - [A clinico-pathological conference LXIX. High blood sedimentation, elevated alkaline phosphatase, bone marrow plasma cell reaction and convulsive attacks]. PMID- 7297447 TI - [Diabetes today 1981]. PMID- 7297448 TI - [Etiology of diabetes]. PMID- 7297449 TI - [Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7297450 TI - [Insulin resistance: etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7297451 TI - [Oral antidiabetics today]. PMID- 7297452 TI - [Diabetes and the psyche]. PMID- 7297454 TI - [Foot problems in diabetes]. PMID- 7297453 TI - [Adolescence and diabetes]. PMID- 7297456 TI - [Eye complications in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7297455 TI - [Vascular complications in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7297457 TI - [Diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 7297458 TI - [Diagnostic criteria and classification of diabetes; new recommendations of the WHO committee]. PMID- 7297459 TI - The performance of clinical officers in the outpatients department of a district hospital in Kenya. PMID- 7297461 TI - Application of immunoelectrophoresis (IEP5) test in the diagnosis of human hydatid disease in Kenya. PMID- 7297460 TI - Hepatitis B core antibody in volunteer blood donors in Kenya. PMID- 7297462 TI - Self medication in management of minor health problems in Kenya. PMID- 7297464 TI - Clinical presentation and management of penicillin resistant pneumococcal meningitis. PMID- 7297463 TI - Treatment of hepatic hydatid disease with mebendazole: report of 16 cases. PMID- 7297465 TI - Contraceptives and the female undergraduates in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7297466 TI - Case report - lethal neonatal chickenpox. PMID- 7297467 TI - Subchronic toxicity studies on pentachloronitrosobenzene (PCNO) in female rats. PMID- 7297468 TI - The effect totigestational exposure to methyl n-butyl ketone has on postnatal development and behavior. PMID- 7297469 TI - Reproductive inhibition caused by the anti-inflammatory analgesic benzydamine in the rat. PMID- 7297474 TI - Conclusions and recommendations resulting from the Secotox Workshop "Feasibility of Integrated Approaches to Testing of Chemicals, Kyoto, April 21-23, 1980". PMID- 7297472 TI - The effects of cadmium-accumulated Chlorella on the reproduction of Moina macrocopa (Cladocera). PMID- 7297473 TI - Effects of selenium on mercury-induced renal lesions and on subcellular mercury distribution. PMID- 7297471 TI - Diazinon-induced histopathological and hematological alterations in a freshwater teleost, Ophiocephalus punctatus. PMID- 7297475 TI - Proposal for a short-term toxicity test with Artemia nauplii. PMID- 7297470 TI - Ammonia toxicity mechanism in fish: studies on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich). PMID- 7297477 TI - [Development of respiratory muscle activity in infants]. PMID- 7297476 TI - [Facial asymmetry upon crying. Electromyographic study of 18 newborn infants]. PMID- 7297478 TI - The pineal does not concentrate arginine vasotocin from biological fluids in vivo. AB - The ability of the pineal gland to concentrate circulating arginine vasotocin (AVT) from biological fluids in vivo was examined in rats. Intraventricular and intracisternal injections of AVT failed to elevate net pineal AVT content, even though CSF AVT levels were greatly increased by these treatments. Intravenous injection of AVT did elicit a light increase in pineal AVT, but plasma peptide levels wee elevated enormously. Thus, it seems unlikely that an active uptake process for AVT functions in this gland. PMID- 7297479 TI - Phenol, a potent stimulator of adenylate cyclase in human thyroid membranes. AB - Among several commercial hCG preparations tested for their ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase in a human thyroid particulate fraction, only a pharmaceutical preparation (APL) was active. Activity of this preparation was lost during dialysis, but could be restored fully by the addition of phenol and partially by the addition of benzyl alcohol, the two additives present in APL. Phenol itself (0.040 - 2.0 mg/ml) induced a potent, dose-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in a human thyroid particulate fraction and was also active in plasma membranes from rat liver and kidney cortex. Phenol exerted a biphasic effect on [125I]-bTSH binding to human thyroid membranes. Concentrations between 0.33 and 3.3 mg/ml were stimulatory to binding, while higher concentrations were inhibitory. PMID- 7297480 TI - Characterization of specific glucocorticoid receptor in the Syrian hamster testis. AB - Cytosols of whole testicular homogenates from the Syrian golden hamster contained specific binding sites for [3H]triamcinolone acetonide that exhibited limited capacity and high affinity binding characteristic of glucocorticoid receptors in other target tissues. The receptor complex sedimented as an 8.6S binder in low salt 5-20% linear sucrose gradients and as 6.2S and 4.0S moieties in 0.15M and 0.4 M KCl, respectively. The Ka at equilibrium was 3.1-3.3 X 10(9) M-1 at 4 C in intact and adrenalectomized males. The testicular glucocorticoid binder was vulnerable to proteolytic degradation while being completely resistant to the action of RNase and DNase. In addition the binding protein exhibited the usual steroid specificities for type I glucocorticoid receptor: triamcinolone acetonide greater than dexamethasone greater than cortisol greater than corticosterone greater than progesterone greater than aldosterone greater than prednisone greater than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone greater than diethylstilbestrol. Unexpectedly, 17 beta-estradiol competed for receptor binding to the same extent as prednisone. A 3.2 S nuclear receptor was extracted from purified testicular nuclei after incubation of whole suspensions in culture media containing 5 nm radiolabeled triamcinolone acetonide at 32 C. Although the glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in prepubertal, adrenalectomized, and hypophysectomized animals were markedly higher in the testis compared to the concentration in the normal adult hamster (52 +/- 4 fmol/mg cytosol protein), the greatest total amount of receptor per testis was found in the mature intact animal. Moreover, under the conditions studied, the concentration of glucocorticoid receptor substantially exceeded the levels of either androgen or estrogen receptor when determined simultaneously. In contrast, no measurable cytoplasmic [3H]triamcinolone acetonide binding was detected in adjacent urogenital organs such as the epididymis and seminal vesicle. It is therefore unlikely that the testicular glucocorticoid receptor is associated with the spermatid or present as a secretory product in the seminiferous tubule lumen. PMID- 7297481 TI - Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus: XII. The dopaminergic regulation of growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin release. PMID- 7297483 TI - The endocrine basis of the synergistic suppression of luteinizing hormone by estradiol and progesterone. AB - The basis of the synergism between estradiol and progesterone in suppressing tonic (pulsatile) LH secretion was examined in the ewe, making use of the observation that progesterone exerts its inhibition selectively on LH pulse frequency, while estradiol decreases only pulse amplitude. To accomplish this, we analyzed changes in LH pulse patterns produced by a low level of progesterone in ovariectomized ewes treated with Silastic estradiol implants from the time of gonadectomy. A serum progesterone level of about 1 ng/ml was chosen because it inhibits LH only in the presence of estradiol. Under these circumstances, a decrease in LH pulse amplitude during progesterone treatment would suggest that progesterone increased the response to the existing level of estradiol; a decrease in pulse frequency would suggest that estradiol increases the effectiveness of progesterone. It was found that the low level of progesterone produced a decrease in LH pulse frequency in estradiol-treated ovariectomized ewes without altering pulse amplitude. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the synergism of these two steroids reflects, at least in part, an estradiol-induced increase in the sensitivity of the central nervous system to the negative feedback action of progesterone. PMID- 7297484 TI - Functional and morphological differentiation of theca and granulosa cells during pregnancy in the rat: dependence on increased basal luteinizing hormone activity. PMID- 7297482 TI - Effects of nafoxidine on the luteinizing hormone surge: temporal distribution of estrogen receptors and induction of cytoplasmic progestin receptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area, pituitary, and uterus of the immature rat. AB - The antiestrogen nafoxidine 1-(2-[P-(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1 naphthyl)phenoxy]pyrrolidine hydrochloride; 2 mg/rat), blocked LH surges induced by Silastic implants containing estradiol (E2) in oil (150 micrograms/ml) in the immature female rat and had no stimulatory effect on gonadotropin secretion by itself. Furthermore, the administration of progesterone (P) to rats primed for 24 h with nafoxidine alone or nafoxidine plus E2 did not lead to premature and enhanced LH surges (facilitation) as it does in E2-primed animals. Pituitary LH content was depleted by 30-50% after E2-induced or P-facilitated LH surges, but was unchanged after the administration of nafoxidine or nafoxidine plus E2. To investigate the cellular mechanisms involved, levels of total cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors and cytoplasmic progestin receptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area (HPOA), pituitary, and uterus were measured by [3H]E2 or [3H]R5020 (3H-labeled 17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) exchange assays at various times after the administration of E2 and /or nafoxidine. The ability of nafoxidine to bind in vitro to cytoplasmic or nuclear estrogen receptors was, respectively, 4% and 2% (HPOA), 5% and 6% (pituitary), and 1% and 2% (uterus) relative to E2 (100%). After the injection of nafoxidine or the insertion of E2 implants, cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were depleted with a similar time course and remained depressed for at least 48 h in both the HPOA and pituitary. In the uterus, the antiestrogen prevented the replenishment of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors observed in response to E2. Nuclear estrogen receptor levels in the HPOA and pituitary peaked 1 h after E2 and subsequently declined to a plateau from 24-48 h (at 2-4 times the levels found in untreated rats). After nafoxidine, accumulation of these receptors in the nucleus was more gradual and prolonged. Absolute levels of estrogen receptors translocated to the nucleus by E2 or nafoxidine were comparable. E2 treatment led to a substantial induction of cytoplasmic progestin receptors (approximately 2-fold in the HPOA, approximately 4-fold in the pituitary, and approximately 7-fold in the uterus after 48 h), and this process was considerably inhibited by nafoxidine. These results support the notions that antagonism by nafoxidine of estrogen action may be due to a defective association of the antiestrogen-receptor complex with nuclear sites, ad progestin receptor induction may be a prerequisite for the facilitation of gonadotropin surges by P. PMID- 7297485 TI - Acute antiprogestational action of estradiol in the rabbit uterus. PMID- 7297486 TI - Metoclopramide does not elevate aldosterone in the rat. PMID- 7297487 TI - Secretion of placental lactogen, growth hormone, and prolactin in late pregnant rats. AB - The secretory patterns of placental lactogen (PL), GH, and PRL were determined in conscious unrestrained late pregnant rats by measurement of the plasma concentrations of each hormone by RIA. Blood samples were collected over a 4-h period at 15-min intervals on days 18 and 19 of gestation. From days 18-19, GH levels increased 2-fold, no change was observed in PRL levels, while PL concentrations increased slightly. There was an ultradian rhythm present in GH and PRL secretion, with a frequency of two to three secretory spikes per 4-h collection period. The variable concentrations of PL in the peripheral circulation were suggestive of an episodic or ultradian secretory pattern. PL levels increased 100% or more within 30 min (i.e. from 485 to 1132 ng/ml) or decreased as much as 65% within 60 min (i.e. from 792 to 247 ng/ml). The relative magnitude of these changes were similar to, but not coincident or correlated with, those for GH. PMID- 7297488 TI - Decrease in rat uterine estrogen receptors during aging: physio- and immunochemical properties. AB - Rat uterine estrogen receptors decrease in concentration by about 45% between maturity (6-12 months) and senescence (22-24 months). No change in binding affinity occurs over this period. No age differences were observed in the thermostability, hormone-induced stability, or specificity of binding for various steroids. Most importantly, immunochemical titration of receptors with specific antiserum revealed that the ratio of immunoreactive to functional receptor is not changed with age. Thus, the apparent loss of rat uterine estrogen receptors during aging does not seem to be due to the appearance of a nonfunctional receptor population detectable by presently available immunoreagents. PMID- 7297489 TI - Control of sterol metabolism in cultured rat granulosa cells. AB - Rat granulosa cells in culture secreted 15-35 microgram 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4 en-3-one/mg protein . 24 h when grown in medium containing 20% calf serum. Within 24 h of exposure to lipoprotein-deficient medium, steroid production was reduced by 80%. The addition of human low density lipoprotein (LDL), human high density lipoprotein (HDL), or the polar sterol, 5-cholesten-3 beta,25-diol, rapidly restored steroidogenesis to control values. The effects of human lipoproteins were dose dependent, with maximum stimulation of steroid production observed at sterol concentrations of 150 and 200 microgram/ml for human LDL and HDL, respectively. Stimulation of steroidogenesis by lipoproteins was prevented by antiserum against the specific lipoproteins. Lipoproteins, in particular human LDL, increased the incorporation of [14C]oleate into cellular sterol esters in a dose-related manner. In the case of human LDL, sterol concentrations of 150 microgram/ml maximally stimulated sterol esterification. When cells were grown in medium containing lipoproteins, endogenous sterol production, as measured by the incorporation of [14C]acetate into nonsaponifiable lipids, was low, as was the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Moreover, steroid production was unimpaired upon the addition of ML-236B, a potent inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. Cells cultured in lipoprotein-deficient medium displayed significantly increased rates of [14C]acetate incorporation into nonsaponifiable lipids and increased HMG-CoA reductase activity. Under these conditions, the incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterol was markedly reduced, and steroid secretion was also lowered by ML-236B. When aminoglutethimide was added to cell cultures for a 24-h period, steroid secretion was blocked, and [14C]acetate labeling of nonsaponifiable lipids was decreased. Furthermore, sterol esterification was increased by cells incubated with aminoglutethimide. The latter effect of aminoglutethimide appeared to be to an increased availability of cellular free sterol for esterification and, to a lesser extent, to the relief of inhibition of sterol ester synthetase by progestins. We conclude that 1) an exogenous source of cholesterol (e.g. lipoproteins) is necessary for maximal steroidogenesis and sterol ester storage in cultured rat granulosa cells, because their capacity to generate substrate de novo is limited; and 2) de novo sterol synthesis and sterol esterification in these cells are regulated by sterol balance, which is determined by the availability of exogenous cholesterol on the one hand, and the rate of cholesterol utilization for hormone synthesis on the other. PMID- 7297490 TI - Sex differences during the development of vitamin D deficiency in the rat: serum parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium, and phosphorus. AB - Male and female Holtzman rats were raised from weaning on a vitamin D-deficient diet (-D). Control (+D) animals were raised on the same diet and orally given 70 IU vitamin D3 twice each week. Serum Ca levels fell at the same rate in -D males and females. In contrast, serum parathyroid hormone increased more rapidly in males than females, but reached the same maximal level in both sexes. There were no sex differences in serum Ca or parathyroid hormone in the +D group. Serum calcitonin increased with age in all groups. This increase began at an earlier age in females than in males in both +D and -D animals. In both sexes, the increase occurred several weeks earlier in +D than in -D animals, and within each of these groups, males had higher phosphate levels than females. Female rats exhibited greater longevity on the -D diet than their male counterparts. Results of this study document prominent sex differences in the endocrine regulation of Ca homeostasis that were revealed during the development of vitamin D deficiency in the rat. PMID- 7297491 TI - The adrenal medullary response to graded hemorrhage in awake dogs. AB - The adrenal medullary catecholamine response to graded hemorrhage has not been characterized in awake animals. Using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, secretion rates of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured in trained awake dogs with chronic adrenal venous cannulas. The results indicate that the adrenal medulla responds to small and moderate hemorrhages, and the magnitude of the response is directly related to the magnitude of the hemorrhage. The epinephrine secretory response is greater than the norepinephrine secretory response. The response pattern is biphasic, with an early response by 10 min and a late response by 30 min after the onset of hemorrhage. Finally, the adrenal medullary system appears to have the potential to produce a memory of earlier stimuli, since the response to a small hemorrhage is potentiated if the hemorrhage is preceded by 24 h by a moderate hemorrhage. PMID- 7297492 TI - Iodothyronine secretion from perfused dog thyroid lobes after prolonged thyrotropin treatment in vivo. PMID- 7297493 TI - Effect of prolactin administration and suppression on blood pressure and body fluid compartments in the rat. PMID- 7297494 TI - Sexual behavior and testosterone in middle-aged male rats. PMID- 7297495 TI - Inner ring monodeiodination of thyroxine and 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine in rat brain. AB - To elucidate the metabolism of thyroid hormone in the central nervous system (CNS), 5-monodeiodinating activities were studied by incubating T4 or T3 with an aliquot of the P2 fraction of the rat brain in the presence of dithiothreitol and measuring the amounts of rT3 or 3,3'-L-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) produced by RIA. The production of rT3 or 3,3'-T2 was dependent upon duration of the incubation, amount of tissue used, temperature, and pH (the optimal pH was 8.0). These findings show that these reactions are enzymic in nature. For the conversion of T4 to rT3, the Km was estimated to be 1.33 microM, and the Vmax was 173 fmol/mg protein . min. For the conversion of T3 to 3,3'-T2, the Km was estimated to be 2.31 microM, and the Vmax was 94 fmol/mg protein . min. Both the conversion of T4 to rT3 and that of T3 to 3,3'-T2 were dependent on the concentration of dithiothreitol, but were not inhibited by propylthiouracil, the well known inhibitor of 5'-deiodinating activity. Both activities were mainly found in the synaptosomal fractions. The P2 fraction from fetal and neonatal rat brains had significantly higher activity than that from the adult brain. These findings demonstrate the presence of 5-monodeiodinating activities in the rat brain. PMID- 7297496 TI - Identification of a specific inhibitor of nonsuppressible insulin-like activity in a partially purified human serum fraction. AB - During purification of low molecular weight (MW) nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) from Cohn fraction IV-I of human serum, a fraction from Sephadex G-75 chromatography was gel filtered on Biogel P-30 in 1% formic acid. NSILA activity was all eluted in "fraction III" (Kav 0.4-0.9) with a recovery (compared to applied activity of 216 +/- 21% (mean +/- SE, n = 6). To test the possibility that this increase was due to removal of an inhibitor, a series of mixing experiments was performed. Total inhibition of fraction III occurred on mixing with fraction II (Kav 0.1-0.4), which had no intrinsic activity of its own. Fraction I (Kav 0.01) had no effects. Inhibition by fraction II was dose dependent, nondialysable, partially heat sensitive (boiling, 15 min) and totally destroyed by trypsin. Estimations of the MW of the inhibitor are 16,000-18,000. The inhibitor was shown to be specific for low MW NSILA by inhibiting the stimulatory effects of an acid-ethanol extract of human serum but not insulin or the acid-stable high MW form of nonsuppressible insulin-like activity. Inhibition of NSILA was observed in both rat adipocyte (insulin-like) and costal cartilage (sulfation) bioassays. Lineweaver-Burk analysis suggested the inhibitor acted in a competitive fashion. These studies have demonstrated the presence of a specific inhibitor of NSILA in Cohn fraction UV-I of normal human serum. The identity and physiological role of the inhibitor are as yet unknown. PMID- 7297497 TI - Modulation of thyroglobulin messenger RNA accumulation in the rat thyroid. PMID- 7297498 TI - Recombination of fragments of human growth hormone: altered activity profile of the recombinant molecule. PMID- 7297499 TI - The influence of calmodulin on steroid synthesis in leydig cells from rat testis. AB - Two approaches were used to study the possible role of calmodulin in the regulation of synthesis of testosterone by Leydig cells: trifluoperazine was used as an inhibitor of calmodulin and liposomes were used to deliver calmodulin into the cells. The inhibitor prevented the expected responses of Leydig cells to LH and to cAMP. First the increase in synthesis of testosterone produced when these agents are added to Leydig cells was inhibited by the drug. Second, increased transport of cholesterol to mitochondria produced by LH and cAMP was inhibited by trifluoperazine. Third, increased side-chain cleavage of cholesterol (cholesterol leads to pregnenolone) produced by these agents in isolated mitochondria was also inhibited by the drug. When Leydig cells were incubated with liposomes containing calmodulin, production of testosterone, transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, and side-chain cleavage of cholesterol were all stimulated. The effect of calmodulin is greater if Ca2+ is added before incorporation into liposomes than if calmodulin and Ca2+ are introduced into the Leydig cells from separate liposomes. Stimulation of testosterone synthesis does not occur if calmodulin is dialyzed against EGTA, if calmodulin with excess anticalmodulin is present in the liposomes, if either calmodulin or Ca2+ is added to the medium (no liposomes), or if Ca2+ alone is present in liposomes. These observations suggest that calmodulin is involved in regulating the transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, a process that is stimulated by LH and cAMP and one that may account for the increased steroid synthesis produced by these agents. PMID- 7297500 TI - A comparison of estrogen effects on uterine and pituitary growth and prolactin synthesis in F344 and Holtzman rats. PMID- 7297501 TI - A genetic model for the inheritance of pituitary tumor susceptibility in F344 rats. AB - An 8-week period of continuous diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment results in the development of pituitary tumors in 100% of male or female F344 rats. Similar treatment of Holtzman male or female rats results in a very low incidence of pituitary tumor development (2-6%). A series of crosses was performed between F344 and Holtzman rats to produce the F1 hybrid, the F2 generation, and the backcrosses of the F1 hybrid to either the F344 parent or the Holtzman parent. The incidence of DES-induced pituitary tumors was measured in these animals. The results indicate that pituitary tumor susceptibility does not result from the expression of genes that are simple dominant or recessive genes, since the tumor's incidence in the F1 hybrid is intermediate to that in the parental strains. However, the data are compatible with the involvement of a small number of genetic loci. We present a genetic model involving three independently segregating loci which agrees reasonably well with the experimental results. In the model, the Holtzman strain has normal alleles at these loci which prevent uncontrolled proliferation. The highly inbred F344 strain is homozygous mutant at these three loci and in unable to control DES-induced proliferation. PMID- 7297502 TI - Regulation of insulin receptors in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The ability of insulin to regulate its own receptor was investigated in cultured human fibroblasts. Physiological insulin concentrations led to a loss of insulin receptors, and this process was dependent on cellular energy and ongoing protein synthesis. The insulin concentration primarily affected the rate of receptor loss rather than the eventual cellular receptor concentration. Studies of receptor regeneration revealed that the absolute rate of insertion of new or recycled receptors into the plasma membrane was constant and independent of the amount of proceeding receptor loss or the time over which receptor loss occurred. These results are compatible with the concept that insulin-induced receptor loss in cultured human fibroblasts is a self-limited process mediated by an endocytotic internalization pathway which is dependent on new protein synthesis. Receptor regeneration is a distinct cellular process dependent on ongoing protein synthesis and does not imply represent the absence of ongoing receptor loss. PMID- 7297503 TI - Regulation of thyrotropin secretion in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma. PMID- 7297504 TI - Stimulation of in vitro release of calcitonin from rat and human C-cells by cimetidine. AB - Previous reports have suggested that the H2-receptor blocker, cimetidine, can inhibit parathyroid hormone (PTH) release. The present studies were designed in an attempt to see whether cimetidine affects secretion of calcitonin (CT) as well. Entire thyroparathyroid glands from 8-day-old baby rats or small pieces of a human medullary thyroid carcinoma were incubated at 37 C for up to 8 h in chemically defined culture medium gassed with 95% 02-5% CO2. With rat thyroparathyroids, both CT and PTH released into medium were measured using RIAs that detect that rat hormones. CT secreted from human C-cells was measured using an RIA for human CT. The results were: (A) As we had found previously, cimetidine at doses of 3 x 10(-3) M and 9 x 10(-3) M inhibited PTH release from rat thyroparathyroids by as much as 50-60% (p less than 0.05 - less than 0.001). In these same experiments, cimetidine produced increases of approximately 1- to 5 fold in the CT levels found in the medium (p less than 0.05 - less than 0.001). (B) Fragments of human medullary thyroid carcinoma incubated for 3 h in the presence of 10(-5) M cimetidine released considerably more CT than tissue incubated in control medium (48 +/- 9.3 vs 21 +/- 3.6 ng CT/microgram tissue protein, p less than 0.05). Our results show that cimetidine in vitro not only can inhibit secretion of PTH but also apparently can promote the release of CT from both rat and human C-cells. Whether this effect is mediated by H2 receptors and whether it is of any physiological significance awaits clarification. PMID- 7297505 TI - Ultradian rhythm of plasma norepinephrine in rats. AB - This study examined the possibility that laboratory rats exhibit ultradian plasma catecholamine rhythms. Four rats were prepared with chronic venous cannulas. After recovery, blood was sampled every 15 min for 8 h. Spectrum analysis revealed ultradian norepinephrine rhythms with spectral peaks around 80-90 min and around 40 min. However, no reliable ultradian rhythms were found for epinephrine. Ultradian norepinephrine rhythms appeared to be synchronized across three of the four rats, suggesting that the rhythm can be synchronized by some environmental stimulus. Thus, rats exhibit ultradian norepinephrine rhythms similar to those found in humans and in rhesus monkeys, indicating (a) that laboratory rats can be used to study the biological mechanisms of ultradian rhythms and (b) that ultradian oscillations of sympathetic function are a common property of mammalian systems. PMID- 7297506 TI - Direct inhibition of testicular androgen biosynthesis by arginine-vasopressin: mediation through pressor-selective testicular recognition sites. AB - We have observed that arginine vasopressin (AVP) and related neurohypophysial hormones exert direct inhibition of testicular androgen biosynthesis in vitro. In this report, the functional identity of the putative testicular recognition sites mediating the antigonadal activity of the neurohypophysial hormones was investigated. Pressor-selective (but not antidiuretic- or oxytocic-selective) agonists of neurohypophysial hormones exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of the hCG-stimulated accumulation of testosterone by cultured rat testicular cells. In addition, potent pressor (but not oxytocic) antagonists brought about a dose dependent blockage of the AVP-induced inhibition of testicular androgen biosynthesis. Thus, the antigonadal activity of neurohypophysial hormones is mediated by specific testicular recognition sites similar to those mediating the pressor actions of these neuropeptides but distinct from those involved in their antidiuretic or oxytocic effects. PMID- 7297507 TI - The half-life of melatonin elimination from rat plasma. AB - Tritiated or unlabeled melatonin was infused intra-arterially into unanesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein over the next two hours and the melatonin concentrations determined in the plasma by liquid scintillation counting or by RIA. Data from the tritiated melatonin experiments gave a half-life of 23 min, and data from the RIA experiments gave a half-life of 17 min. PMID- 7297508 TI - 4-Hydroxyestradiol-17 beta and 4-hydroxyestradiol-17 alpha: comparative studies on central and peripheral effects of two epimeric catecholestrogens. AB - 4-Hydroxyestradiol-17 beta and 4-hydroxyestradiol-17 alpha (5 or 20 microgram/d) were continuously s.c. infused for 3 days into ovariectomized adult rats. The serum levels of either epimer were virtually identical when the same dose was administered. 4-Hydroxyestradiol-17 beta significantly altered body and uterus weight and LH serum levels (negative and positive effects) at both doses tested. 4-Hydroxyestradiol-17 alpha showed no effects even at the 20 microgram/d dose. As both epimers have similar affinities for catechol O-methyltransferase, but their potencies regarding effects on lH serum levels differ markedly, it is concluded that the interaction of catecholestrogens with this enzyme is not essential for their effects on LH release. PMID- 7297509 TI - Tetracycline ulcers of the oesophagus, Endoscopy, histology and roentgenology in two cases, and review of the literature. AB - Two cases of tetracycline ulcers of the oesophagus are reported and compared with thirteen other cases from the literature. In most cases, the patients had taken their capsules with little or no fluid just before going to bed. Some hours later they developed retrosternal pain that was intensified by swallowing. Endoscopy showed sharply demarcated greyish-white areas of mucosal damage which represented layers of stratified squamous cells, separated by oedema, and a dense neutrophilic infiltration of the lamina propria and the muscularis mucosa. Roentgenology was unsuitable to detect the lesions. They healed without complications within one to six weeks. Prolonged retention of the capsules in the oesophagus is thought to cause the mucosal damage. Patients on oral tetracycline or doxycyline treatment should therefore be instructed to take their capsules with a meal or with copious water and not just before going to bed. PMID- 7297511 TI - Magnified observation of elevated borderline lesions (adenoma) of the stomach based on dissecting microscopy and magnifying fiberoptic endoscopy. PMID- 7297510 TI - Morphological changes in the terminal oesophagus with varices, following sclerosis of the wall. AB - Autopsies were performed on 53 patients with oesophageal varices treated with ethoxysclerol to effect sclerosis of the terminal oesophageal wall. The morphological changes after perivascular injection, disturbance of wound healing and complications are described. In 20 cases it was possible to follow the various stages of the normal resorptive inflammatory reaction with transition to perivascular sclerosis of the oesophageal wall. Fatal complications tended to arise in cases with an existing oesophageal lesion produced by the mechanical action of an oesophageal tube. Deeply penetrating mucosal ulcers, perforation of the wall and phlegmonous inflammation leading to mediastinitis were observed in almost 75% of the cases. The results of this morphological analysis might be used as a basis for a prospective morphological study of patients with varices treated with oil-containing solutions injected into the oesophageal wall. PMID- 7297512 TI - Prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission by the gastrointestinal fibrescope. Successful disinfection with an aldehyde liquid. AB - In a prospective study we examined the efficacy of a standardized disinfection method in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B virus by the gastrointestinal fibrescope. Four HBSAg- and Dane particle-positive patients who have been endoscoped served as possible sources of hepatitis B virus infection. We cleaned the instrument with a 10% aldehyde liquid and used it immediately thereafter in 10 HBSAg-negative patients. Eight of them were followed-up for 7 months after the endoscopic procedure. None of them showed serological evidence of an endoscopically transmitted hepatitis B virus infection. It is concluded that disinfection with an aldehyde liquid is effective in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B virus by the fibrescope. PMID- 7297514 TI - A new flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscope. PMID- 7297513 TI - Treatment of intrahepatic lithiasis using the choledochofiberscope. AB - Our experience with choledochoscopic extraction of intrahepatic calculi in eleven cases is presented. In three cases, the intrahepatic bile duct containing multiple stones was punctured under the guidance of ultrasonography, and the stones were removed choledochoscopically through the percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) tract which was dilated with catheters of increasing diameter. In nine cases, the removal of intrahepatic stones was attempted choledochoscopically through the T-tube tract or the jejunostomy. This procedure was successful in six of the nine cases. The advantage of the choledochoscopic removal through the PTCD tract compared with that through the T-tube tract is discussed, and an illustrative case is presented. PMID- 7297515 TI - Intramural hematoma of the duodenum in a patient with chronic pancreatitis. AB - Intramural hematoma of the duodenum is usually caused by blunt abdominal injury. Sometimes this lesion occurs in patients with coagulation disturbances or pancreatic disease such as chronic pancreatitis. There also appears to be a link with alcohol abuse. We describe the case-history of a 45-year-old male with chronic pancreatitis who presented with abdominal pain. The diagnosis of a space occupying process of the duodenum was made and subsequently a pancreatico duodenectomy was performed. The duodenum revealed an intramural hematoma, the pancreas showed signs of mild chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7297516 TI - Incomplete caecum bipartitum--endoscopic aspect. PMID- 7297517 TI - A case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome developing after hemi-colectomy. AB - A 57-year-old male presented with abrupt melena. Numerous polypoid lesions were found in the stomach and colon accompanied by characteristic ectodermal changes of the Cronkhite Canada syndrome. He had undergone a left side hemicolectomy for colon cancer 3 years previously. Two months after the operation, he had noticed hyperpigmentation of the skin, alopecia and chronic diarrhea. Subsequently, after 8 months, the presence of numerous polypoid lesions in the remnant colon and the rectum was established. This is the first reported case in which features of the Cronkhite-Canada syndrome have developed after resection for colon cancer. PMID- 7297518 TI - Lymphangioma of the caecum. PMID- 7297519 TI - Dose response of the pulmonary macrophagic system to various particulates and its relationship to transepithelial passage of free particles. AB - Alveolar macrophages are thought to arise from both marrow-derived monocytes and pulmonary interstitial cells. Macrophage kinetics are now studied under various conditions of alveolar loading using several doses of carbon (0.03 micrometers diameter), polystyrene latex (0.1 and 1.0 micrometers), and heat-killed bacteria. In serial studies we examined the number of macrophages recovered by lavage, DNA synthesis by lung cells on autoradiographs, and the passage of free particles into lung tissues by electron microscopy. The dual origin of the alveolar macrophage was confirmed for each particulate. The observed peak in macrophagic output at 1 day may be explained by monocytic egress. With greater loads, the peak value did not increase, but the continuing macrophagic production correlated with a period of interstitial cell proliferation. For all particles used, the number of new macrophages was related more closely to number of particles instilled than to the total dose by weight delivered to the lungs. With increasing number, more free particles of carbon and latex crossed the Type 1 epithelium to be phagocytized by interstitial macrophages. The results suggest that the adaptive outpouring of alveolar macrophages occurs by an acceleration of the normal biphasic pathway; when the adaptive response is prolonged, the interstitial compartment appears to be the predominant source of new cells. PMID- 7297520 TI - The mode of secretion of the Clara cell in rat bronchiole: a freeze-fracture study. AB - Freeze-fracture was used to study the nonciliated epithelial (Clara) cell of rat bronchiole. En face views of the P face of the luminal cell membrane reveal particle-free bulging and circular depressions at the presumptive sites of the membrane fusion between the cell membrane and secretory granule membrane. Cross fracture views of the cytoplasm reveal the membraneous continuity from the secretory granule to the luminal cell membrane with the decrease of the intramembrane particles. These findings indicate that the mode of secretion of the Clara cell is a merocrine secretion by exocytosis. PMID- 7297521 TI - The lung strip: evaluation of a method to study contractility of pulmonary parenchyma. AB - Isolated strips of rabbit lung were examined as an in vitro model for assessment of the direct effect of pharmacologic agents on the pulmonary parenchyma. Changes in force of the strip were measured with an isometric force transducer. Histamine, acetylcholine and epinephrine elicited dose-related contractile responses. Morphological and immunohistochemical examination revealed three possible sources of force generation within the strip: airway smooth muscle, vascular smooth muscle, and interstitial actin-containing cells. Generation of force by the strip could reflect contraction of any combination of these three elements. Therefore, ascription of such contraction to peripheral airway smooth muscle alone is questionable. In order to assess the properties of the contractile elements within the strip, it is necessary to isolate and study them individually. PMID- 7297523 TI - Histopathological changes in relation to cadmium concentration in horse kidneys. PMID- 7297524 TI - Respirable particulates in household aerosols. PMID- 7297522 TI - Epithelial-mesenchymal associations of cells in human pulmonary fibrosis and in BHT-oxygen-induced fibrosis in mice. AB - It was reported earlier that in the lungs of individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, many cells lining small air spaces have intimate associations with underlying interstitial cells. The present study confirms and extends these previous observations by describing changes seen in a different patient group. Light microscopy of lung biopsy tissue showed thickened alveolar walls with infiltrates of mixed inflammatory cells. There were undefined associations between interstitial cells and cuboidal and attenuated epithelial cells lining smaller air spaces. Electron microscopy demonstrated that cytoplasmic processes from the lining cells protruded through discontinuities in underlying basement membranes, and that intimate connections between lining cells and interstitial cells frequently were present. In addition, some of the cells lining air spaces had few microvilli, rare pinocytotic vesicles, and did not lie on basement membranes. These cells were mesenchymal-like in appearance and were clearly associated with interstitial cells and connective tissue. Similar pulmonary lesions were observed in mice that received a single intraperitoneal injection of butylated hydroxytoluene and were exposed subsequently to 70% oxygen for 6 days. Our findings suggest that communication between a regenerating epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme is an integral step for ongoing alveolar repair. PMID- 7297525 TI - Lead pollution in Tokyo--the pigeon reflects its amelioration. PMID- 7297526 TI - Effect of cadmium administration on absorption, retention, and excretion of zinc 65 administered to rats. PMID- 7297527 TI - An ultrastructural reevaluation of lead-induced pathology in the kidney. PMID- 7297528 TI - Vulnerability of dorsal root neurons and fibers toward methylmercury toxicity: a morphological evaluation. PMID- 7297530 TI - Chronic inhalation exposure of hamsters to nickel-enriched fly ash. PMID- 7297529 TI - Effect of acrylamide on biogenic amine levels, monoamine oxidase, and cathepsin D activity of rat brain. PMID- 7297531 TI - Cadmium, zinc, and copper in horse liver and in horse liver metallothionein: comparisons with kidney cortex. PMID- 7297532 TI - Quantification of the joint effects of mixtures of hepatotoxic agents: evaluation of a theoretical model in mice. PMID- 7297533 TI - Effects of sulfuric acid aerosol on pulmonary function in human subjects: an environmental chamber study. PMID- 7297534 TI - Differential morphological changes in sympathetic nerve fibers elicited by lead, cadmium, and mercury. PMID- 7297535 TI - Effect of acute tobacco smoke inhalation on the mechanical responses of isolated rat cardiac muscle. PMID- 7297536 TI - The effect of cadmium administration on the biliary excretion of copper and zinc and tissue disposition of these metals. PMID- 7297537 TI - Changes in the levels of urea cycle enzymes and in metabolites thereof in diabetes. PMID- 7297538 TI - Physiological and hormonal variations of acetylglutamate and citrullinogenesis in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7297539 TI - Computer simulation of the urea cycle: trials for an appropriate model. AB - Several models of the urea cycle with normal and deficient enzymes were simulated on a desk-top computer in order to test if a model fitting data of patients suffering from deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes could be obtained. Discrepancies were notable if only the four enzymes of the urea cycle were used. The effect of adding either n-acetylglutamate synthetase and CPS or the mitochondrial transport system of ornithine and its catabolism to the model were tested singly or combined. The use of the combined model with the rate constants adjusted to recent data of the human enzymes together with a transport system for N-acetylglutamate out of the mitochondrium improved the results. Computer simulations are thus a useful tool for testing concepts of the functioning of the urea cycle. PMID- 7297540 TI - Control of urea cycle enzymes in rat liver by glucagon. AB - A single injection of glucagon increased the levels of all five urea cycle enzymes in 28-day-old rats, but had no significant effect in 35-day-old animals. Rats weaned onto diets varying in protein content showed rapid adaptation in the levels of carbamoylphosphate synthetase, which were complete 4 days after weaning. Induction of the enzyme by glucagon was independent of the diet. In animals subjected to a controlled feeding regime, no circadian variation in the levels of urea cycle enzymes could be observed. However, the inducibility of the enzyme by glucagon was greatest if the hormone was given near the beginning of the period of darkness and feeding. PMID- 7297541 TI - Age-related changes in enzymes of rat brain. 2. Redox systems linked to NADP and glutathione. AB - Measurements have been made of the enzymes of glutathione metabolism and of NADPH generation in the brains of rats aged between 1 day and 24 months. The activity of glutathione peroxidase fell while that of glutathione reductase rose during the aging process. The four NADPH-generating systems each showed a different profile with respect to aging, the most marked changes occurring between 1 and 20 days. Subsequently, the systems remained close to, or above, the young adult value. The role of the glutathione-metabolising enzymes in controlling the H2O2 metabolism and suppressing peroxidative damage to the brain is discussed. PMID- 7297542 TI - Science and the administration of phenylbutazone. PMID- 7297543 TI - Equine salmonellosis: a contemporary view. AB - The practical implications of equine salmonellosis in the light of present knowledge are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the various clinical forms which the disease may take. These include asymptomatic infections, signs of fever, anorexia and depression, severe acute diarrhoea and the septicaemic form. Diagnosis depends on recovery of the organism from the blood or faeces or, at necropsy, from tissues. In asymptomatic infections, it may be necessary to make serial faecal cultures over several days before a negative diagnosis may be made with any degree of certainty. Isolation of salmonellae is more readily accomplished when clinical signs, particularly diarrhoea, are present. Treatment depends on the nature of the infection and ranges from no measures in some asymptomatic cases to those in which antimicrobial drugs, fluids, electrolytes and buffers are administered. In both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, faecal shedding continues during and after antimicrobial therapy. The part played by stress (eg, heat, chilling and over-crowding) is discussed in relation to pathogenesis. Measures of control depend on reducing exposure to the organism and a number of steps to achieve this are described. PMID- 7297544 TI - Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone and its metabolites in the horse. AB - Phenylbutazone was given orally to 2 groups of horses and the plasma levels of the drug and its 2 principal metabolites oxyphenbutazone and gamma hydroxyphenylbutazone measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Animals in Group 1 received single oral doses in a range from 1.1 to 13.2 mg/kg and were sampled over the succeeding 24 h. Considerable individual variation was observed both in timing and magnitude of the plasma drug responses between horses, but 24 h after dosing a clear dose response relation was recorded. Group 2 horses were given the recommended therapeutic dosage regimen and sampled over 24 h periods twice weekly. After 4 days at 8.8 mg/kg in 2 divided doses mean peak plasma levels of phenylbutazone reached 24 micrograms/ml and showed evidence of cumulation. After 4 days at 4.4 micrograms/kg, peak plasma concentrations had fallen to 10 micrograms/ml and mean peak levels just failed to reach 4 micrograms/ml 3 days after reducing dosage to 2.2 mg/kg once daily. Plasma concentrations of oxyphenbutazone did not exceed 25 per cent of the parent drug and the gamma-hydroxy metabolite was only just detectable and never exceeded 1 microgram/ml. PMID- 7297545 TI - Obstruction of the ileum in the horse: a report of 27 clinical cases. PMID- 7297546 TI - Ventilation and environment in relation to equine respiratory disease. AB - The physiological requirements of the horse appear to be reasonably well established and should be adequately provided by ventilation based on straightforward principles, relying largely on natural air flow. On the other hand, there are few objective values for ventilation required to promote good health or alleviate equine respiratory disease. In the absence of such knowledge it is only possible to rely on a logical application of sound principles and experience. Both indicate the satisfactory nature of ventilation by stack effect, aspiration and perflation. Buildings should be well insulated, of copious air space and ensure as much isolation of one horse from another as possible. A constant surplus of ventilation should be provided in this way but if the design of the house is such as to impede good natural flow fan assistance must be installed. All such measures may not be expected to influence the primary viral agents of respiratory disease but should ensure a minimal aggravation from secondary agents. PMID- 7297547 TI - Laryngeal paralysis in Arabian foals associated with oral haloxon administration. AB - Bilateral laryngeal paralysis is described in 5 Arabian and part-Arabian foals aged between 23 and 35 days. Tracheotomies resulted in complete relief of dyspnoea. Two cases showed recovery of abductor function of the right arytenoid cartilage after 3 weeks and one of these cases later recovered left abductor function. Four of the foals were autopsied at various times from one week to 6 months after the onset of respiratory obstruction. Histology of the recurrent laryngeal nerves showed active Wallerian degeneration and loss of nerve fibres in many fascicles in cases affected for one to 2 weeks. In the longer standing cases there was a severe deficiency of myelinated fibres. Histology of the dorsal and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles showed no abnormalities in the cases affected from one to 5 weeks. However, in the foal affected for 6 months there was variation in fibre diameter in the left dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle; in sections stained for myosin ATPase there was evidence of muscle fibre type grouping in both left and right dorsal cricoarytenoid muscles. It is postulated that the most likely cause of the condition was oral haloxon administration which was given to the foals at a dose rate of 1 to 2 g at fortnightly intervals, beginning at 2 days of age. PMID- 7297548 TI - Effect of glycerol on motility, viability, extracellular aspartate aminotransferase release and fertility of stallion semen before and after freezing. AB - The effect of different glycerol concentrations (0 to 5.3 per cent) on motility, viability and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) release of stallion spermatozoa was studied before and after deep-freezing. Addition of glycerol to a TRIS fructose-egg yolk diluent used to extend stallion semen had no effect on motility and viability of spermatozoa and it did not increase AST release. Inclusion of glycerol in the extender only partially preserved the motility and viability of stallion semen during deep-freezing. A fertility trial revealed that concentrating stallion semen by centrifugation, followed by addition of the extender containing 7.5 per cent glycerol, had little effect on fertility and a 70 per cent conception rate was obtained in 10 mares after inseminations during one service period. Freezing and thawing horse spermatozoa, even in the presence of 7.5 per cent glycerol, significantly decreased the fertilisation rate. PMID- 7297549 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma in a horse. PMID- 7297550 TI - Analysis of phenylbutazone and its metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7297551 TI - Intestinal obstruction and gastric rupture involving a penetrating foreign body. PMID- 7297552 TI - Effect of oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid on haemostasis in the horse. PMID- 7297554 TI - 12th Sir Hans Krebs Lecture. From antibody diversity to monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 7297553 TI - Urinary incontinence in a pony mare. PMID- 7297555 TI - The 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra and spatial structure of the Naja mossambica mossambica neurotoxin III. AB - The proton NMR spectra at 300 MHz of neurotoxin III from venom of Naja mossambica mossambica are reported. By the use of double resonance techniques, pH dependence chemical shifts, isotope labeling technique, and comparison with homologous neurotoxins all proton signals in the aromatic and methyl regions as well as epsilon-CH2 proton signals of some lysine residues have been assigned to individual amino acid residues and their spatial microenvironment has been determined. The results deduced on the solution structure of neurotoxin III are in complete agreement with the crystal structure of sea snake erabutoxins as well as with the previously established backbone folding and inter-residue interactions for the Naja naja oxiana short-chain neurotoxin in solution. In addition evidence has been obtained (a) that the conformation of the beta turn in the 31-34 segment depends on the ionization state of Asp-31 and His-32 side chain groups and (b) that an intricate electrostatic interaction exists in a system of ionogenic groups of the invariant Lys-27, Lys-47, Asp-31, Arg-33, Glu-38 and His 32 residues. These aspects of dynamic conformation are related to an interaction mechanism of a neurotoxin molecule and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 7297556 TI - Structure and activity of malate dehydrogenase from the extreme halophilic bacteria of the Dead Sea. 1. Conformation and interaction with water and salt between 5 M and 1 M NaCl concentration. AB - Large-scale growth of extreme halophilic bacteria from the Dead Sea and purification of malate dehydrogenase (and other proteins) in quantities of hundreds of milligrams makes possible a detailed study of the adaptation to high salt. Halophilic malate dehydrogenase is stable at 20 degrees C in NaCl solutions between 2.5--5 M. Below 2.5 M NaCl time-dependent inactivation, paralleled by structural changes, sets in. Within the time scale of the sedimentation, diffusion and circular dichroism experiments discussed here, it was possible to analyze data corresponding to the active halophilic malate dehydrogenase between 1 M and 5 M NaCl. The striking observation was that rather minor conformation changes were observed over the whole range, yet the special properties of the halophilic enzyme seem to be related to its capacity of associating with unusually large amounts of water and of salts, quite distinct from non-halophilic counterparts. These special properties seem to be related to the intact structure of the protein. Some parallel properties of halophilic glutamate dehydrogenase are also discussed. PMID- 7297557 TI - Structure and activity of malate dehydrogenase from the extreme halophilic bacteria of the Dead Sea. 2. Inactivation, dissociation and unfolding at NaCl concentrations below 2 M. Salt, salt concentration and temperature dependence of enzyme stability. AB - The stability of halophilic malate dehydrogenase increases with increasing salt concentration and with decrease in temperature. Stabilization by various salts, at high salt concentrations, follows the Hofmeister series. The enzyme inactivation rates closely match dissociation of the dimeric enzymes into monomeric subunits and unfolding of the polypeptide chains, as followed by velocity sedimentation, light scattering and circular dichroism measurements. The alpha-helix content goes to zero upon denaturation. Unusual water and salt binding properties of the native enzyme (cf. preceding paper, in this journal) are believed to be largely lost upon enzyme dissociation and unfolding. The properties thus seem to be associated with the intact structure of the enzyme. PMID- 7297558 TI - Structure determination of oligosaccharides isolated from A+, H+ and A-H- hog submaxillary-gland mucin glycoproteins, by 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy, permethylation analysis and mass spectrometry. AB - Alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage (beta-elimination) of hog submaxillary glycoproteins from three immunologically determined phenotypes, viz. A+, H+ and A H-, resulted in the release of a series of neutral and acidic oligosaccharide alditols. 360-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with methylation analysis and mass spectrometry were used for reinvestigation of the structures of these oligosaccharide-alditols. All are partial structures representing the possible complete and biosynthetically incomplete stages of the chain of a pentasaccharide N-acetylgalactosaminitol, present in the glycoprotein with blood-group-A activity: (formula: see text) In this way, a prolonged argument about the occurrence of a NeuGc(alpha 2 leads to 6) Gal moiety in these carbohydrate chains, suggested by Aminoff et al. [Aminoff, D., Baig, M. M. and Gathmann, W. D. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 1788-1793 and 8909-8913] has been brought to a definite end. In the investigated oligosaccharide-alditols N-glycoloylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) is in no case attached to galactose (Gal), but, if present, it is (alpha 2 leads to 6)-linked to N-acetylgalactosaminitol (GalNAc-ol). PMID- 7297559 TI - Stimulation by tubulin of an adenylate cyclase from murine plasmacytoma. AB - Different brain tubulin preparations were shown to stimulate membrane-bound adenylate cyclase from the murine plasmacytoma MOPC 173. Purified tubulin devoid of microtubule-associated proteins and of nucleoside-diphosphate kinase activity was responsible for this stimulation. Activation of the basal adenylate cyclase activity occurred in less than 2 min at 32 degrees C and was amplified by a 4 degree C preincubation of tubulin with plasma membranes. Tubulin affected the Km and the V of the enzyme and was shown to be associated with the membrane during the activation phenomenon. Tubulin was more active on the basal adenylate cyclase activity than that stimulated by fluoride or guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma imido]triphosphate. GTP has no effect on the tubulin-stimulated enzyme. PMID- 7297561 TI - Induction of metallothionein mRNA in HeLa cells by dexamethasone and by heavy metals. AB - Synthesis of metallothionein, a cysteine-rich heavy metal binding protein, is induced in cultured HeLa cells both by the heavy metals Cd2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+, and by the glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone. The accumulation of [35S]cysteine labeled metallothionein and the amount of translatable metallothionein mRNA show identical concentration dependences in response to dexamethasone treatment and in response to zinc exposure. Induction of translatable metallothionein mRNA is rapid in response to both the metal and glucocorticoid inducers. Increased synthesis and accumulation of metallothionein in response to either metal or glucocorticoid exposure is regulated by the level of translatable metallothionein mRNA in HeLa cells. PMID- 7297562 TI - Modification of the thiol residues of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. Activity modulation by the divalent thiol reagent p aminophenylarsenoxide. AB - 1. Purified pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii contains three thiol residues as judged by titration with 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) under denaturing conditions. 2. In the native conformation of the transhydrogenase only a single thiol residue is titrated. Modification of this exposed thiol does not influence transhydrogenase activity. 3. The two less exposed thiol residues can be reacted in part with either p-chloromercuribenzoate or N-ethyl-maleimide. Modification of one residue leads to loss of 40-60% of the enzyme activity in both the forward (NAD+ + NADPH leads to NADH + NADP+) and reverse reaction. The strong inhibitory action of phosphate ions on the reverse reaction [Voordouw et al. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 107, 337-344] is abolished after treatment with p-chloromercuribenzoate. Reaction with phenylmercurichloride or p-aminophenylmercuriacetate causes a similar activity loss without affecting the inhibitory action of phosphate. 4. The interaction of the divalent thiol inhibitor p-aminophenylarsenoxide with transhydrogenase was found to be reversible and is characterized by an association constant of 6.3 x 10(5) M-1 at 25 degrees C in 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.50. This reversibility indicates formation of a cyclic dithiolarsinite derivative with considerable ring strain. The activity of p-aminophenylarsenoxide-transhydrogenase is modulated by phosphate and magnesium ions. The activity of the transhydrogenase . p aminophenylarsenoxide complex in the forward reaction is inhibited by phosphate and stimulated by magnesium ions. The reverse reaction is not catalyzed by the enzyme-inhibitor complex. 5. The presence of an activity modulating site in transhydrogenase which binds phosphate ions and has the two less exposed thiol residues in close proximity is indicated by the results. PMID- 7297563 TI - Activation of progesterone receptor by ATP. AB - Progesterone-receptor complex from freshly prepared hen oviduct cytosol acquired the ability to bind to isolated nuclei, DNA-cellulose and ATP-Sepharose when incubated with 5-10 mM ATP at 4 degrees C. The extent of this ATP-dependent activation was higher when compared with heat-activation achieved by warming the progesterone-receptor complex at 23 degrees C. The transformation of progesterone receptor complex which occurred in a time-dependent manner was only partially dependent on hormone presence. The ATP effect was selective in causing this transformation whereas ADP, AMP and cAMP failed to show any such effect. The non hydrolyzable analogs of ATP, adenosine 5'-[alpha, beta-methylene]triphosphate and adenosine 5-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate were also found to be ineffective. Presence of 10 mM sodium molybdate blocked both the ATP and the heat-activation of progesterone-receptor complex. Mn2+ and Mg2+ had no detectable effect on the receptor activation but the presence of Ca2+ increased the extent of ATP activation slightly. EDTA presence (greater than 5 mM) decreased the extent of receptor activation by about 40% and was, therefore, not included in the buffers used for activation studies. Divalent cations were also ineffective when tested in the presence of 1-5 mM EDTA. The steroid-binding properties of progesterone receptor complex remained intact under the above conditions when analyzed for steroid-binding specificity and Scatchard analysis. However, the ATP-activated progesterone-receptor complex lost the ability to aggregate when tested on low salt sucrose gradients. ATP was equally effective in activating the rat-uterine estradiol-receptor complex at 4 degrees C and influenced the transformation of 4 S receptor form into a 5-S form when analyzed on sucrose gradients containing 0.3 M KCl. The presence of ATP also increased the rate of activation of progesterone receptor complex at 23 degrees C. These findings suggest a role for ATP in receptor function and offer a convenient method of studying the process of receptor activation at low temperature and mild assay conditions. PMID- 7297560 TI - Subcellular compartmentation of glycolytic intermediates in Trypanosoma brucei. AB - In cell-fractionation experiments most of the glycolytic enzymes in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei are recovered in a microbody, called the glycosome [Opperdoes, F. R. and Borst, P. (1977) FEBS Lett. 80, 360-364]. To see whether this compartmentation of glycolytic enzymes is accompanied by compartmentation of metabolites we have pulse-labelled intact T. brucei with [U-14C]glucose and followed the incorporation of radioactivity into glycolytic intermediates separated by anion-exchange chromatography. The kinetics of incorporation provide direct evidence for the existence of two pools of glycolytic intermediates. One pool is completely labelled within 15 s and represents 20-30% of total cellular metabolites. Radioactively labelled pyruvate is already produced after 15 s. Since this pool is directly involved in the glycolytic flux, we conclude that it is present in the glycosome. The second pool which represents 70-80% of the total appears not to be directly involved in glycolysis. Its content equilibrates relatively slowly with the glycosomal pool. It probably represents the cytosol. Incorporation of radioactivity into the total glycerol 3-phosphate pool is more rapid than for the other metabolites studied. This indicates rapid mixing of the glycosomal and cell-sap pools of glycerol 3-phosphate, as required for the extra glycosomal oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate by the mitochondrial oxidase. In the presence of 1 mM salicylhydroxamic acid, which mimics anaerobiosis, the trypanosome produces equimolar amounts of pyruvate and glycerol. Labelling of glycerol and glycerol 3-phosphate proceeds at identical rates but at all times the specific activity of glycerol is less than that of glycerol 3-phosphate. This is compatible with our earlier proposal that glycerol is made from glycerol 3 phosphate by glycerol kinase. We conclude that glycolysis in trypanosomes takes place in the glycosome and that the membrane of this organelle is poorly permeable to most glycolytic intermediates. PMID- 7297564 TI - Metabolism of orotic acid: lack of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase in rat intestinal mucosa. AB - The main enzymes involved in orotic acid metabolism, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, are associated as a multienzyme complex (complex U) which is present in the liver of most vertebrate species. Orotic-acid-enriched diets produce increased pyrimidine synthesis which competes with purine synthesis for 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate, resulting in decreased adenylate levels in liver cells. Inhibition of secretion of very low density lipoproteins and hepatic steatosis is then observed. In contrast, lipoproteins secretion by the intestine is not impaired and fat does not accumulate in enterocytes. The aim of this work was to investigate whether orotate is differently metabolized in gut and in liver thus explaining the lack of effect on the intestinal lipoproteins secretion. Complex U was found in appreciable amounts in rat, mouse and rabbit livers; the intestinal mucosa of the two last species contains a much lower level of multienzyme complex whereas in rat intestine its activity cannot be detected. Indeed, radioactive aspartate and orotate were not incorporated into intestinal cells RNA. The absence of orotate metabolisation by lack of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine 5' phosphate decarboxylase activity in rat intestine would explain why this organ, in contrast to the liver, is protected against disturbances of nucleotide metabolism and lipoproteins secretion induced by orotic-acid-supplemented diets. PMID- 7297565 TI - Replication of ribosomal DNA in Xenopus laevis. AB - The study of the localization of the replication origins of rDNA in Xenopus laevis has been approached by two different methods. 1. The DNA of X. laevis larvae was fractionated by CsCl gradient centrifugation in bulk and ribosomal DNA and examined in the electron microscope. In bulk DNA, clusters of microbubbles, which are related with the origins of replication, appear to be spaced along the DNA molecules at intervals comparable with the size of the 'average' replicon of X. laevis. In ribosomal DNA, the distance between adjacent clusters is much shorter and corresponds to the size of the rDNA repeating unit. When ribosomal DNA was submitted to digestion with restriction enzymes (Eco RI and HindIII) the microbubbles are observed in the non-transcribed spacer-containing fragment. 2. Cultured cells of X. laevis were synchronized by mitotic selection and incubated with 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine for a time longer than the G1 phase. This treatment synchronizes the replicons and allows them to start replicating very slowly. It was thus possible to obtain a preferential labelling of the regions containing the origins. The analysis by gel electrophoresis of the Eco Ri-digested rDNA showed that the radioactivity was preferentially incorporated in the fragments which contain the non-transcribed spacer. The results of these two approaches indicate that the rRNA gene cluster consists of multiple units of replication, possibly one per gene unit. Furthermore they show that the origins of replication are localized into the non-transcribed spacer. PMID- 7297566 TI - Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in human and rat liver microsomes. AB - Microsomes were prepared from human livers obtained from renal donors of various ages and both sexes. Their drug-metabolizing capacity was measured and compared to that of rat liver microsomes. The following parameters were investigated: cytochrome P-450, cytochrome B5, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, epoxide hydrolase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, benzphetamine N-demethylase, p-nitroanisole-O demethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, steroid-16 alpha-hydroxylase. In addition, the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene, progesterone, pregnenolone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and estradiol was studied in detail in vitro. The inhibitory effect of metyrapone and alpha-naphthoflavone on 7 ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase was measured. The microsomal proteins of both species were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate. The following conclusions were drawn from the results obtained. Human liver microsomes can be stored under optimal conditions for the measurement of a large variety of enzymic activities. Human liver microsomes are able to metabolize the various xenobiotics used as substrates with a rate similar to that of female rat liver microsomes. No sex-linked difference in enzymic activity was observed in human microsomes. Significant differences in benzo(a)pyrene and steroid metabolism were registered when human and rat liver microsomes were compared. The monooxygenase activities, the sensitivity to in vitro alpha naphthoflavone and metyrapone, the results of steroid metabolism, and slab gel electrophoresis are strong indications for multiplicity of human liver cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7297567 TI - Formation of the triple helix of type I procollagen in cellulo. A kinetic model based on cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds. AB - The kinetics of the triple helix formation of type I procollagen within chick embryo fibroblasts were measured in a pulse-chase experiment in which the appearance of fully-aligned triple-helical molecules was assayed by proteolytic digestion. Production of triple-helical molecules required 8-9 min after complete synthesis of the pro alpha chains, an observation which was inconsistent with helix formation being a co-translational process. The experimental data were in good agreement with the predictions derived from the following model: triple helix formation is initiated immediately after the completion of the synthesis of the polypeptide chains and after the formation of the interchain disulfide bonds within the C-propeptide; folding of the protein starts from a single nucleus located at one end of the three polypeptide chains, probably the carboxyl terminus, and propagates throughout the chain by a stepwise mechanism limited by the cis-trans isomerization of peptide bonds. PMID- 7297568 TI - Structural differences between erabutoxins in aqueous solution and in crystalline states. AB - The snake venom toxins erabutoxin a and b, have been studied in detail in aqueous solution over a wide pH range by proton NMR spectroscopy. Great care has been taken particularly to assign and locate in the structure residue histidine-7 with reference to other amino-acid sidechains. It lies in a pocket away from the surface in agreement with its lack of chemical reactivity. The data are not consistent with two structure determinations in crystals by X-ray diffraction. The aqueous solution conformation explains in greater depth the observed essentially of amino acids to the activity of the toxin. PMID- 7297569 TI - Characterisation and subunit structures of the vicilin storage proteins of pea (Pisum sativum L.). AB - Investigations of the vicilin fraction of the storage proteins of pea (Pisum sativum L.) have shown that its major components are a number of protein species of Mr 170 000. Convicilin (Mr 280 000, composed of 71 000-Mr subunits) is a separable component of this fraction. The vicilin proteins are composed principally of approximately equal to 50 000-Mr polypeptides, but also contain a number of smaller polypeptides. The sub-unit polypeptide composition of vicilin changes during seed development quantitatively and qualitatively. Vicilin sub units have been shown to be synthesised as polypeptides of Mr approximately equal to 50 000 by means of pulse-labelling experiments in vivo, and synthesis of vicilin in vitro directed by mRNA, polysomes and microsomes extracted from pea cotyledons in cell-free translation systems. Polypeptides then undergo two distinct types of proteolytic modification: (a) co-translational removal of a small polypeptide (Mr less than 1000); (b) 'nicking' of polypeptide chains in assembled vicilin molecules, which occurs more than 4 h after their initial synthesis. The basic structure of the vicilin molecule is thus a multimer, possibly a trimer, of approximately equal to 50 000-Mr subunits. The heterogeneity of the initially synthesised 50 000-Mr subunits accounts not only for the several different 50 000-Mr polypeptides found in vicilin, but also for the range of minor polypeptides, since the 'nicking' points will differ among subunits. It also accounts for the observed partial separation of vicilin into different molecular species, since different subunit combinations will give rise to molecules with different properties. Vicilin is also glycosylated and this is a source of further variation. PMID- 7297570 TI - Congenital complete heart block in adolescence and adult life. A follow-up study. PMID- 7297571 TI - Haemodynamic studies in juvenile hypertension at rest and during supine exercise. PMID- 7297572 TI - Electrocardiographic findings and their association with mortality in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. PMID- 7297573 TI - Volume loading in patients with ischemic right ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7297574 TI - Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by single plane two-dimensional apex echocardiography. PMID- 7297575 TI - Electrophysiological effects of propafenone studied with programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in patients with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 7297576 TI - Experimental evidence against the bile salt theory of colon carcinogenesis. AB - According to the bile salt theory of colon carcinogenesis, therapeutic agents which increase the delivery of bile salts to the large intestine may promote colon cancer. The possibility that aluminium hydroxide (Aludrox), a bile salt binding agent, might facilitate colon carcinogenesis in vivo was tested experimentally, using the dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon cancer model. 48 Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups, all fed the same standard diet. Two groups received a course of ten weekly DMH injections. One was allowed fresh drinking water ad libitum whilst the other received Aludrox in their drinking water. A third group received weekly saline injections plus Aludrox in their drinking water. After 1 year's observation, there were no significant differences between the groups of DMH-injected rats given drinking water with or without Aludrox in respect of survival, necropsy incidence of primary or metastatic colon cancer, or in the total number of colon tumours per group. The results provide reassurance that Aludrox does not promote colon cancer and tend to contradict the bile salt theory of colon carcinogenesis. PMID- 7297577 TI - Gastric morphological and functional changes produced by bile in the canine stomach. AB - Bile diverted into the canine stomach produced histological changes in gastric mucosa of mucus depletion, focal loss of epithelial cell height and focal epithelial degeneration that were maximal around the stoma. Bile depressed the gastric acid secretory response to both pentagastrin and histamine, but produced no change in fasting serum gastrin levels. The preparation used (cholecystogastrostomy) caused an elevation of both alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. PMID- 7297578 TI - Effect of selective proximal and truncal vagotomy on canine gallbladder bile composition. AB - In 6 dogs the influence of consecutively a selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) and a truncal vagotomy (TV) on gallbladder bile composition was studied. Following SPV no significant changes in biliary lipids were observed. On the other hand, after TV an increase of deoxycholic acid (D) and a concomitant decrease of cholic acid (C) occurred, resulting in a marked increase of the D/C ratio. Although a positive correlation was found between the D/C ratio and the lithogenic index of bile, the change in bile acid composition after TV was accompanied with only a slight, statistically not significant increase of the lithogenic index. It is concluded that in the dog neither SPV nor TV is a definitely lithogenic procedure. PMID- 7297579 TI - Chlorpromazine treatment of experimental acute fulminant pancreatitis in pigs. AB - Acute pancreatitis was induced in 20 piglets. In the controls (10 piglets) no specific treatment was given, while in the experimental group the animals were treated with chlorpromazine, a potent phospholipase A2 inhibitor in vitro. Blood samples were taken from all animals for the assay of amylase, lipase, phospholipase A2, calcium, blood glucose and arterial blood gases both before the experiment and at various time intervals after its commencement. At autopsy, tissue specimens were taken from the pancreas, liver, lungs, heart and kidneys for histological studies. In the untreated animals there was a continuous rise in the phospholipase A2 levels, while the level decreased to zero on the second day in the treated animals (p less than 0.01, Student's t test). Moreover, in the untreated animals there was a sharp drop in the arterial pO2, while this remained unchanged in the treated animals (p less than 0.1, Student's t test). The mortality was significantly less (p less than 0.01, chi-square test) in the chlorpromazine-treated animals than in the controls. Serum phospholipase A2 levels correlated with the changes in pulmonary function and mortality. The results support the view that phospholipase A2 is of importance in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7297580 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme induction and rat liver regeneration: effect of phenobarbital. AB - In order to outline the relationship between oxidative phosphorylation, enzyme induction and rat liver regeneration, the effect of one single dose of phenobarbital (PB) on hepatic mitochondria, microsomes and DNA synthesis was investigated. Experiments were performed on intact and partially hepatectomized rats. Results and conclusions can be summarized as follows: (1) While PB has no consistent effect on mitochondrial respiration either in normal or in partially hepatectomized rats, it clearly enhances at the rate of DNA synthesis in hepatectomized rats at 24 h. This suggests that the effect of PB on DNA synthesis is independent from the mitochondrial ATP generating activity. (2) PB causes the accumulation of cytochrome P-450 in intact rat hepatocytes, but this effect is suppressed by partial hepatectomy during the first 24 h. This and the above observation on mitochondria suggest that enzyme induction in these experimental conditions is not associated with an increase in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (3) The mechanism of the influence of PB on DNA synthesis is unclear, but present data suggest that in one single dose PB may behave in two different ways: in intact liver it causes the accumulation of cytochrome P-450 and in partially resected liver it enhances the rate of DNA synthesis; mitochondria playing apparently no important role in this interaction. PMID- 7297581 TI - Adenine nucleotide levels of canine kidneys during hypothermic aerobic or anaerobic storage in Collins solution. AB - The influence of retrograde oxygen persufflation (ROP) on renal adenine nucleotide, glucose and lactate contents was examined in canine kidneys during up to 5 days of hypothermic preservation. Organs with or without predamage in 30-min normothermic ischemia were preserved and the results compared to kidneys after hypothermic ischemic storage (HIS): ROP preservation resulted in a significantly higher maintenance of cellular energy-rich substances than in HIS with even normal adenine nucleotide contents and energy charge potentials for the first 24 h. As in HIS preservation of normal kidneys, where the total adenine nucleotide content (SAN) paralleled the loss of viability for the first 1-2 days, in ROP were SAN and even the lactate content also correlated to renal viability for 2-3 days. But in contrast to this correlation, which would favor adenine nucleotide determinations for viability testing, in predamaged kidneys no correlation of SAN or lactate with renal viability was found during HIS or ROP. Thus the determination of cellular energy-rich adenine nucleotides and lactate accumulation confirms the superiority of ROP over HIS preservation. But the SAN or lactate tests lose their prognostic value for posttransplant renal viability if normothermic ischemia precedes the preservation period. PMID- 7297584 TI - Special education services for normal children: better safe than sorry? PMID- 7297582 TI - Noncategorical teacher preparation: problems and promises. PMID- 7297583 TI - Hearing-ear-dog legislation: state of the art. PMID- 7297585 TI - Educationally handicapped children's locus of control and reading achievement. PMID- 7297586 TI - Major developments and trends in deafness. PMID- 7297587 TI - Nonhandicapped peers as tutors for autistic children. PMID- 7297588 TI - Abbreviated procedure for obtaining sum scores on the Adaptive Behavior Scale. PMID- 7297589 TI - Teachers' perceptions of competencies for instructing bilingual/multicultural exceptional children. PMID- 7297590 TI - Oestrogen receptor assay--limitation of the method. PMID- 7297591 TI - Urinary putrescine and plasma lactate dehydrogenase as markers of experimental adenocarcinoma growth. PMID- 7297592 TI - Radiation response of two human malignant melanomas grown in athymic nude mice. PMID- 7297593 TI - Observations on pulmonary metastases in patients after single doses and multiple fractions of fast neutrons and cobalt-60 gamma rays. PMID- 7297594 TI - Melanoma of the skin: the problem of resection margins. PMID- 7297595 TI - Genetic control of the expression of immunoglobulin isotypes in the responses of mice to sheep red blood cells. AB - Studies have been carried out on the genetic control of the expression of individual Ig classes in the responses of A/J (A) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). An isotopic anti-immunoglobulin test employing Ig class specific reagents was used to measure levels of IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 anti-SRBC antibodies in sera of hyperimmunized mice. Compared with B6 mice, A mice are low IgM and IgA responders but high responders with respect to all IgG subclasses. In (B6 X A)F1 mice low responsiveness was dominant for all Ig classes indicating that IgM and IgA responses are controlled by genes different from those which control IgG subclass responses. Analysis of the responses of [(B6 X A)F1 X A] and [(B10.A X A)F1 X A] backcross mice indicates multigenic control of IgG subclass responses. Expression of IgG2a and IgG3 responses appear to be regulated largely by single genes whose action is modified by genes at other loci; control of IgG1 and IgG2b is, clearly, polygenic with no evidence for major control by any single gene. The magnitude of all IgG subclass responses appears to be regulated by a gene(s) associated with or linked to the IgCH locus. Analysis of the responses of H-2-congenic mice shows that major histocompatibility genes do not have a strong influence on the patterns on IgM and IgG responses in A or B6 mice. The overall results indicate that while there is some common control of all IgG classes, there is also separate polygenic control of individual Ig classes. PMID- 7297596 TI - Idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions and the control of the anti-beta (2 leads to 6) polyfructosan response in the mouse: specificity and idiotypy of anti-ABPC48 anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies. AB - Seventeen hybridomas, secreting monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (IDA) directed against the BALB/c ABPC48 idiotype, were isolated from one immunized BALB/c mouse. Several IDA also bind another Balb/c idiotype: UPC10. ABPC48 and UPC10 are both myeloma proteins with a beta (2 leads to 6)-polyfructosan (levan) specificity. The binding of every IDA to the ABPC48 idiotype can be completely inhibited by levan molecules, but at different concentrations. Mutual inhibition assays between the IDA made it possible to define six groups of IDA which bind at least three different idiotopes of ABPC48. Sixteen IDA have been studied by means of mouse anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) directed against two of them, IDA3 and IDA10. Anti-IDA3 Ab3 recognize idiotopes particular to IDA3 which are not found on other monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2). Anti-IDA10 AB3 cross reacts with several monoclonal Ab2, including Ab2 with different spectrotypes belonging or not to the same isotype and Ab2 with different specificities for the ABPC48 idiotype. Some IDA10 idiotopes are present in the polyclonal anti-ABPC48 antibody response of BALB/c, A/J and CBA mice showing that they are recurrent and that their expression is not linked to a particular Igh-C haplotype. In contrast, IDA3 idiotopes are not detected in the same anti-ABPC48 antisera. PMID- 7297597 TI - Interactions of magnesium and verapamil on tone and contractility of vascular smooth muscle. AB - Previous studies on isolated blood vessels indicate that (1) withdrawal of magnesium ([Mg2+]0) induces calcium-dependent contractile responses, and (2) Mg2+]0 and verapamil (VE) inhibit calcium influx across the cell membrane. The present study, using isolated rat aortic strips and portal veins, was designed to assess the interactions of [Mg2+]0 and VE on increases in active tension and contractility induced by withdrawal of [Mg2+]0.[Mg2+]0 was found to: (1) enhance VE-induced inhibition of portal vein amplitude, and (2) antagonize VE-induced enhanced frequency of spontaneous phasic contractions in portal veins. Both [Mg2+]0 and VE could prevent and reverse the increases in active tension developed in aortic smooth muscle upon removal of [Mg2+]0.[Mg2+]0 markedly potentiated the inhibitory effect of verapamil on calcium-induced contractions of K+-depolarized aorta but not in K+-depolarized portal vein. This synergistic effect in aortal could be due to the influence of Mg and VE at the membrane and/or the influence of Mg at intracellular sites resulting in decreased levels of functional (activator) cytoplasmic Ca2+. On the other hand, the lack of synergism in portal vein could indicate that both of these agents might be inactivating the same membrane channels involved in calcium influx. PMID- 7297598 TI - Analysis of pupillary dilation produced by analogs of clonidine. AB - Pupillary responses to intravenous administration of clonidine and five congeneric derivatives of clonidine were observed in anesthetized cats. All of the agents tested produced a dose-dependent mydriasis of long duration. The order of potency for these compounds was clonidine (St-155) greater than St.375 greater than St-606 greater than St-608 greater than St-91. Pretreatment with yohimbine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) shifted the dose-response curve for all of the compounds tested to the right. A CNS inhibition of parasympathetic nerve activity was demonstrated for clonidine and St-375 by means of direct recordings from the postganglionic ciliary nerves. An effect of high doses of St-91 on nerve activity was also observed. These results suggest that all the analogs of clonidine tested (with the possible exception of St-91) act like clonidine to produce mydriasis by a central alpha-adrenergic inhibition of parasympathetic outflow to the eye. PMID- 7297599 TI - Neurotensin is a potent inhibitor of guinea-pig colon contractile activity. AB - The investigation concerned the effects of neurotensin (NT) on the mechanical activity of segments of guinea-pig proximal colon. The peptide, in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 100 nM, induced a quick relaxation of the preparations which was followed upon washout by a rebound contraction. Tetrodotoxin had no effect on either the NT-induced relaxation or the rebound contraction. Blocking agents of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors were also without effect. The bee venom toxin apamin inhibited and even converted to contractions the NT-induced relaxations in the guinea-pig colon. Concentration-response curves for the inhibitory effect of NT, adrenaline and ATP indicated that NT (IC50 0.32 nM) was 100 times more potent than adrenaline (IC50 nM) and 50 000 times more potent than ATP (IC50 16 microM). The data show that NT exerts a potent myogenic relaxing effect on the longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea-pig proximal colon. The properties of this effect suggest the presence of high affinity NT receptors on colonic smooth muscle cells and this points to a possible role for NT as a modulator of guinea-pig proximal colon motility. PMID- 7297600 TI - Haloperidol-induced supersensitivity to the discrimination of apomorphine. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate between the stimulus properties of intraperitoneal 0.16 mg/kg apomorphine and saline in a two-lever, food-motivated operant task. Once trained, the rats were tested with the ED50 of apomorphine (0.02 mg/kg) or saline before and 1-22 days after a ten-day regimen of daily 2.0 mg/kg administrations of haloperidol. Chronic haloperidol treatment produced increased discrimination of, and lever selection perseverance to, the low dose of apomorphine when rats were tested at 12 days after the withdrawal of haloperidol and this increased discrimination returned to pre-haloperidol levels by the sixteenth day. The results suggest the development of supersensitivity by prolonged pharmacologic blockade of central dopaminergic receptors with haloperidol and indicate the peak and duration of this effect. PMID- 7297601 TI - Effects of methysergide on some cardiovascular responses in the anaesthetized rabbit. AB - Methysergide (0.1-5 mg/kg i.v.) caused dose-dependent reductions in the resting heart rate of anaesthetized rabbits. Resting mean arterial blood pressure was reduced only after the maximum dose. Methysergide 5 mg/kg significantly enhanced the pressor responses to i.v. phenylephrine and enhanced the accompanying bradycardia disproportionately. There was no evidence for a central increase in baroreflex gain, so an action of methysergide on baroreceptor sensory endings is suggested as a possible explanation. PMID- 7297602 TI - The effect of prostaglandin E2 on increased naloxone potency induced by morphine pretreatment. AB - Pretreatment with prostaglandin E2 caused an increase in naloxone potency while the antinociceptive effect of morphine remained unaffected. These effects of prostaglandin E2 were not blocked by concomitant administration of naloxone in the pretreatment. Furthermore, when prostaglandin E2 was given together with morphine as pretreatment, the resulting naloxone antagonism measured was higher than those induced by pretreatment with the individual drugs. It is suggested that the induction of increased naloxone potency is likely to be mediated through a prostaglandin-linked process. PMID- 7297603 TI - Effect of prolactin and bromocriptine on intestinal transit in mice. AB - In vivo administration of relatively high concentrations of prolactin (PRL) enhanced gastrointestinal propulsion in mice. Pretreatment with atropine significantly abolished this effect of PRL while physostigmine enhanced it. The evidence confirms a cholinomimetic action for higher concentrations (20 microgram) of PRL on the intestinal tract. Bromocriptine per se produced a dose dependent depression in transit while a combination of PRL and bromocriptine failed to significantly alter the transit as compared to the control. PMID- 7297604 TI - Differential blockade of ATP, noradrenaline and electrically evoked contractions of the rat vas deferens by nifedipine. AB - Nifedipine has recently been found to block electrically induced contractions of the prostatic portion of the vas deferens. The present results show that nifedipine blocks contractile responses to ATP in the parallel with the nerve mediated response, whereas the rapid phasic contractile response to noradrenaline is unaffected. The slower, tonic contractions to noradrenaline are blocked most easily, when the nerve-mediated responses are unchanged. These findings support the view that neurally released ATP may contribute to contractile responses of the vas. PMID- 7297605 TI - A correlation between loss of fusion potential and defective formation of mannose linked lipid intermediates in independent concanavalin A-resistant myoblast cell lines. PMID- 7297606 TI - DNA and protein content of mouse sperm. Implications regarding sperm chromatin structure. PMID- 7297607 TI - Effects of phosphoethanolamine and ethanolamine on growth of mammary carcinoma cells in culture. PMID- 7297608 TI - Lysosomal fusion in endocytosis and exocytosis. I. Demonstration and characterization of two fusion reactions proceeding simultaneously in non phagocytosing guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7297609 TI - Lateral mobility of negative charge sites at the surface of sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 7297610 TI - A high buoyant density fraction in mammalian DNA. Characterization and impact on the detection of heteroduplex DNA. PMID- 7297611 TI - Differences in the response of several cell types to inhibition of surface receptor mobility by local concanavalin A binding. PMID- 7297612 TI - A possible role of the nucleus in cytochalasin B-induced capping. PMID- 7297613 TI - Hormonal regulation of glucose uptake by amphibian follicles. PMID- 7297614 TI - Fibronectin and collagen inhibit cell-substratum adhesion of neutrophil granulocytes. PMID- 7297615 TI - Complement analysis of xeroderma pigmentosum variants. PMID- 7297616 TI - Regional ischemia and compensatory vascular dynamics following selective tenotomy in primates. PMID- 7297617 TI - Transient breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelium diffusion barrier after sodium iodate: a fluorescein angiographic and morphological study in the rabbit. PMID- 7297618 TI - Binding of [3H]serotonin to membranes of the bovine retina. PMID- 7297619 TI - [3H]-D-aspartate accumulation in the retina of pigeon, guinea-pig and rabbit. PMID- 7297620 TI - The ultrastructure of rat corneal nerves during development. PMID- 7297622 TI - An improved method for investigating the electrical characteristics of the lens. PMID- 7297623 TI - Effect of vibration on static force sensation in man. PMID- 7297621 TI - Ciliogenesis in photoreceptor cells of the retina. PMID- 7297624 TI - Reversible alterations in hypothalamic uptake of biogenic amines after septal lesions. PMID- 7297625 TI - Effect of cingulate and fornix lesions on emotional behavior in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PMID- 7297626 TI - Development and maintenance of tetrodotoxin-sensitive action potential in cultured skeletal muscle cells from dystrophic and normal chickens. PMID- 7297627 TI - Stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray increases blood prolactin in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 7297628 TI - Pulmonary edema during bicuculline-induced seizures in rats. PMID- 7297629 TI - Response of rat skeletal muscle to neural application of batrachotoxin or tetrodotoxin: effect on soluble proteins. PMID- 7297630 TI - Lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation in the guinea pig after commissurectomy and unilateral removal of the telencephalon. PMID- 7297631 TI - Role of the entopeduncular nucleus in caudate nucleus-induced suppression of intralaminar thalamic unit responses in the cat. PMID- 7297632 TI - Increased subcortical and laminar cortical 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake during cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 7297633 TI - Altered cerebral glucose utilization following blood-brain barrier opening by hypertonicity or hypertension. PMID- 7297634 TI - Response characteristics an classification of muscle spindles of the masseter muscle in the cat. PMID- 7297636 TI - Tritiated leucine incorporation in the developing hamster facial nucleus with injury: an autoradiographic study. PMID- 7297635 TI - Diencephalic modulation of activities of raphe-spinal neurons in the cat. PMID- 7297637 TI - Morphologic evidence for a delay of neuronal maturation in fetal alcohol exposure. PMID- 7297639 TI - Facilitation of voluntary intake of ethanol by hypothalamic stimulation reward in cats. PMID- 7297638 TI - Effect of sciatic neurectomy on neuronal number and size distribution in the L7 ganglion of kittens. PMID- 7297640 TI - Stimulation-induced changes in dimensions of stalks of dendritic spines in the dentate molecular layer. PMID- 7297641 TI - Neuromuscular blocking agents do not alter local anesthetic seizure thresholds. PMID- 7297642 TI - Vasotocin protects rats against convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol. PMID- 7297643 TI - Spontaneously (genetic) hypertensive rats: naloxone-reversible and propranolol reversible decrease in pain sensitivity. PMID- 7297644 TI - Increase in in vivo (3H) spiperone binding in the rat hippocampal formation and striatum after repeated treatment with haloperidol. AB - An increase in in vivo (3H) spiperone binding was observed in rat hippocampal formation and striatum after repeated treatment with haloperidol. This suggests that in hippocampus as well as in striatum prolonged blockade of dopaminergic transmission by a neuroleptic agent results in the development of a supersensitivity of the dopamine receptors. PMID- 7297645 TI - Chronobiological studies on the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7297646 TI - Histochemical localization of glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity in the cuneate nucleus of the cat. PMID- 7297647 TI - Functional properties of lyophilized hemoglobin in the presence of amino acids after 13 months of conservation. PMID- 7297649 TI - Erythropoietic stimulation enhances, and erythropoietic inhibition suppresses, multidirectional differentiation in 4-day transient endogenous spleen colonies. AB - Transient endogenous spleen colonies were found to be composed of either erythroid, granuloid or megakaryocytic cells, or mixtures of these cell types. Independently of the directions of differentiation of the colonies their formation was uniformly stimulated by bleeding and almost completely prevented by hypertransfusion. It is suggested that cells which form these colonies constitute a separate class of pluripotential hemopoietic progenitors, whose differentiation in either direction passes the stage sensitive to erythropoiesis-modulating factors. PMID- 7297650 TI - Reduction of fertilizing capacity of epididymal spermatozoa by 5 alpha-steroid reductase inhibitors. PMID- 7297648 TI - Lectin-induced lymphocyte stimulation in pigs--a kinetic study of NORs. AB - Early reactions of rRNA-cistrons in lectin-stimulated PBL cultures of domestic pigs are shown. Interphases showing 3 or more clusters of stained areas were attributed mainly to cells after first division. Clear differences are shown between PHA- and ConA-induced NOR-expression patterns compared to the patterns in PW-stimulated cultures. PMID- 7297651 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of estrogen uptake by the armadillo pituitary gland. AB - Adult female armadillos were injected with tritiated estradiol. The pituitary gland was removed and processed for autoradiography. Nuclear uptake and retention of the steroid was found in 28.8% of the cells in the pars distalis and 3.7% of the pituicytes. PMID- 7297652 TI - A simple method of cannulating the portal vein and obtaining multiple blood samples in the rat. PMID- 7297653 TI - Concurrent occurrence of elevated ketone body and depressed carnitine level in underfed guinea-pigs. AB - Food ingestion of male guinea-pigs was restricted to 10 g/day. Total carnitine content of liver of the underfed animals fell to 3.75 mumoles per liver (46.1% of control). Serum level of total carnitine was 35.0 nmoles/ml (64.4%) in the underfed animals while they developed high ketonemia, 384.2 nmoles/ml (555.2%). In "restricted' animals the carnitine levels also decreased in the muscles. PMID- 7297654 TI - Interaction of mammalian hemoglobins with dehydroascorbic acid. AB - Reactive sulfhydryl groups of major hemoglobins from guinea-pig, rat and cat reduced dehydroascorbic acid to ascorbic acid leading to formation of intrachain disulfide bonds. Hybridization experiments indicated that the reduction was carried out by the alpha chain of cat hemoglobin. PMID- 7297655 TI - Changes in high density lipoprotein subfractions during alimentary lipaemia. AB - Significant changes in high density lipoprotein subfractions accompanied alimentary lipaemia in normal subjects. Results emphasized the importance of using fasting subjects in HDL studies but did not support and in vivo transformation HDL3 to HDL2. PMID- 7297657 TI - Influence of oestradiol on tissue respiration of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. AB - Ovariectomy reduced the respiratory rates of liver and skeletal muscle homogenates of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. Administration of oestradiol dipropionate elevated the rate of tissue respiration of ovariectomized animals. This finding lends support to the view that oestradiol, like testosterone, is able to stimulate the oxidative metabolism of this animal. PMID- 7297656 TI - Dominant lethal mutations induced by 14C in mice. PMID- 7297658 TI - Isozymes of cathepsin B1 in developing human placenta. PMID- 7297659 TI - Microdensitometric analysis of denervation effects on newt limb blastema cells. AB - This report examines the fate of cycling cells in normal and denervated blastemas of adult newts. Cells are found to accumulate in G1 in blastemas which are nerve independent. No stage specific accumulation different from controls is found in limbs with nerve-dependent blastemas. PMID- 7297660 TI - Monophosphate, the only phosphoric ester of thiamin in the cerebro-spinal fluid. AB - With a specific and sensitive electrophoretic-fluorometric method, thiamin was found in the cerebro-spinal fluid of different mammals both in free and phosphorylated form, monophosphate being the only thiamin phosphoric ester. In humans, its amount was about 60% of total thiamin. Alcoholism greatly lowered total thiamin content, affecting both thiamin forms. PMID- 7297661 TI - Deformation of transforming red cells in various pH solutions. AB - Centrifugation into a rapid cell fixative is used to determine the conformation of red cells at various pH-values as a measure of red cell deformability. Discocytes show a good deformation into handbag-like forms; echinocytes and stomatocytes have reduced deformability with characteristic shapes of deformation. PMID- 7297662 TI - Inorganic phosphate promotes relaxation of chemically skinned smooth muscle of guinea-pig Taenia coli. AB - In the presence of calmodulin and phosphate and an ATP-regenerating system, Triton-treated "skinned fibers' of the Taenia coli could be made to contract and relax by step changes of Ca++ within about 30 sec. In the absence of phosphate, relaxation was slower, and during this slow relaxation tension was not maintained actively. The passive tension could be abolished by phosphate (3-6 mM). Phosphate had little effect on contractile tension but decreased the speed of contraction. PMID- 7297663 TI - Zeitgeber-schedule dependent resynchronization of circadian rhythms in nocturnal mammals (Primates and Chiroptera). AB - Changing the L:D time ratio of an entraining light-dark regime leads to characteristic alterations of the resynchronization behaviour of the circadian activity rhythms in night monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and African fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) after 8 h advance and delay shifts of the LD-Zeitgeber. Reduced speed of re-entrainment and occurrence of antidromic resynchronization point to a lower Zeitgeber strength of 24-h LD-cycles with a prolonged D-phase. PMID- 7297664 TI - Fever and survival in the rat. The effect of enhancing the cold defence response. PMID- 7297665 TI - Blockade of nicotinic receptors in brain with d-tubocurarine induces decreased metabolism, cutaneous vasodilation and hypothermia in rats. AB - Direct administration of d-tubocurarine into the lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious rats produced decreased metabolism, cutaneous vasodilatation and hypothermia at ambient temperatures of 8--22 degrees C. Also, pretreatment with d tubocurarine antagonized the arecoline-induced hypothermia. PMID- 7297666 TI - Reaching-related potentials in caudate nucleus and cerebellum of rats. AB - Electrical correlates of the lateralized reaching reaction was studied in rats with implanted electrodes. Averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) in the cerebellar dentate nucleus consisted of a negative wave coinciding with reach onset and followed 70 msec later by a positive deflection. The most prominent component of the more variable caudate ERPs was a negative wave culminating 60- 120 msec after reach onset. The positive and negative ERP deflections corresponded to inhibitory and excitatory reactions respectively, at the single neuron level. PMID- 7297667 TI - The effect of hexamethonium on the secretion induced by sodium deoxycholate in the rat jejunum. PMID- 7297668 TI - Characteristic responses to L-dopa of cerebral blood flow and EEG pattern in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7297669 TI - Antifertility activity of trimethylphosphate in male rats. PMID- 7297672 TI - Phenobarbital interference on cerebral metabolism related to energy transduction. PMID- 7297671 TI - Synthesis, spectral behaviour and microbiological properties of some di(nitrothienyl)sulfides. AB - Six novel di)nitrothienyl)sulfides (I)-(VI) have been prepared either by condensation of suitable bromonitrothiophene derivatives with sodium sulfide or by hydrolysis of di-(3-nitro-2-thienyl)disulfide (XI), with ethanolic potassium hydroxide, followed by condensation of the resulting nitrothiophene thiolate with the appropriate bromonitrothiophenes. All compounds proved active, in vitro, against a number of gram-positive bacteria, at very low concentrations. Substitution of a thiophene nucleus by the benzene nucleus resulted in a decrease of activity. I.R. and U.V. spectral data are discussed. PMID- 7297673 TI - Effect of vincamine on some enzymatic activities from various areas of the beagle dog cerebral cortex. AB - The effect of a chronic (3 months) treatment with vincamine on the enzymatic activities related to energy transduction was studied on several areas of the cerebral cortex of dog brain. About enzymatic activities of the four different cortical areas, in controls, no difference was observed between the enzymatic activities evaluated in the crude mitochondrial fraction, with regard to both the tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase) and the electron transport chain (total NADH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase). On the contrary, in the homogenate, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and acetylcholine esterase showed different maximal activities. In the crude mitochondrial fraction the intravenous treatment with the three different doses of vincamine failed to cause any significant change as compared to controls. On the contrary, with regard to the enzymatic activities evaluated in the homogenate in toto, the analysis of variance revealed an effect on cytochrome oxidase at the dose of 3 mg/kg intravenously. PMID- 7297670 TI - OSAR in a series of muscarinic agents. Note III--Alkyltrimethylammonium salts, ethers and esters of choline. AB - In the light of the experience gained studying various sets of muscarinic ligands related to a rigid model, flexible structures such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts, ethers and esters of choline have been prepared and their affinities (pD2) have been studied. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) show that the pD2 value is strongly dependent on hydrophobic and steric parameters of the ligand substituent. Moreover, two indicator variables are considered to take ito account extra-activities connected with ligand special structural features. The overall QSAR confirm that the electrostatic attraction, the hydrophobic bonding and the polar interaction holding the ligand on the receptor are individually weak; however, these three forces collectively permit a more complete utilization of the receptor binding site. PMID- 7297674 TI - [Effect of propyl gallate on the antibacterial activity of meclocycline sulfosalicylate]. AB - Propyl gallate shows little antibacterial activity however it markedly potentiates the activity of meclocycline against Pseudomonas, Proteus, Serratia, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella strains. The potentiating effect of propyl gallate is seen especially with resistant strains whereas sensitive strains of Salmonella do not manifest a potentiating effect on meclocycline by propyl gallate. The mechanism of action of propyl gallate is discussed. PMID- 7297676 TI - New aspects in biopterin biosynthesis in man. PMID- 7297677 TI - Size and shape of human C1-inhibitor. PMID- 7297675 TI - Stabilization of the high affinity state of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata by noncompetitive-blockers. Evidence for dual interaction and pharmacological selectivity. PMID- 7297678 TI - Proalbumin Lille, a new variant of human serum albumin. PMID- 7297681 TI - Detection of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in the region of apical glycocalyx of chick enterocytes. PMID- 7297679 TI - Synthesis of a new neuropeptide, the head activator from hydra. PMID- 7297680 TI - Calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in rabbit ileum. PMID- 7297682 TI - Hormone-sensitive cholesterol ester hydrolase of bovine adrenal cortex: identification of the enzyme protein. PMID- 7297683 TI - Purification of a 240 000 Mr calmodulin-binding protein from a microsomal fraction of brain. PMID- 7297684 TI - Differences in the binding of coenzyme to L-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase in the crystalline state and in solution. PMID- 7297685 TI - Thyroid hormone synthesis and reactivity of hormone-forming tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin. PMID- 7297686 TI - Decreased secretin and glucagon responsiveness of adenylate cyclase in cardiac membranes from hypothyroid rats. PMID- 7297687 TI - The effect of Ca2+ and the trifluoperazine on the processing of human acetylated low density lipoprotein by non-parenchymal liver cells. PMID- 7297688 TI - Effect of a mononuclear cell culture medium on collagen and glycosaminoglycan production by synovial cells in culture. PMID- 7297689 TI - Effects of fasting and malonyl CoA on the kinetics of carnitine palmitoyltransferase and carnitine octanoyltransferase in intact rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7297690 TI - Occurrence of high and low Mr forms of glycogen phosphorylase in extracts of human brain. PMID- 7297691 TI - The effect of trypsin cleavage on the structure and function of human C4. PMID- 7297692 TI - Facilitated fusion of liposomes with glycerol monoleate planar bilayer. PMID- 7297693 TI - Synthesis of acetoacetyl-CoA by bovine mammary fatty acid synthase. PMID- 7297694 TI - Structural relatedness between human lactotransferrin and human ceruloplasmin. PMID- 7297695 TI - A fluorine NMR study of model membranes containing 19F-labeled phospholipids and an intrinsic membrane protein. PMID- 7297696 TI - A new way for inducing a respiratory burst in guinea pig neutrophils: change in the Na+,K+ concentration of the medium. PMID- 7297697 TI - Ferritin iron as substrate for synthesis of protoheme in intact rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7297698 TI - Inactivation of purified ox kidney branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation. PMID- 7297699 TI - A simplified procedure for the purification of the protein phosphatase modulator (inhibitor-2) from rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 7297700 TI - The effects of phospholipids on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase from rat liver. PMID- 7297701 TI - Cathepsinogen D: characterization and activation to cathepsin D and inhibitory peptides. PMID- 7297702 TI - Uracil-DNA glycosylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 7297703 TI - Conformational changes and drug action. AB - Conformational changes induced or selected by drugs in receptors may be coupled to second sites on receptor molecules giving negative or positive cooperative binding. The structure-activity relationships may be changed depending on the predominant conformation. Some conformational changes can be identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Conformational coupling between subunits is complex and provides a mechanism for modulation of receptor affinity. PMID- 7297704 TI - Descending monoaminergic systems: functional aspects. Introduction. PMID- 7297705 TI - The role of descending monoaminergic systems in central control of blood pressure. AB - The descending projections to the intermediolateral cell column arise from several sources. The serotonergic inputs come from the raphe pallidus, raphe obscurus, raphe magnus nuclei, and ventral medulla. The A5 cell group provides a norepinephrine input to the intermediolateral cell column and the A1 cell group appears to be the main source of the epinephrine input. The functional role of monoamines on sympathetic preganglionic neurons is unclear. Iontophoresis studies indicate that serotonin excites and norepinephrine inhibits sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Pharmacological studies indicate that an alpha-2 receptor is located on or near these neurons. In contrast, electrical stimulation of the monoamine cell bodies produces opposite results. Stimulation of the raphe nuclei causes an inhibition of the sympathetic outflow whereas stimulation of some of the noradrenergic cell groups causes pressor responses. The role of monoamines in various cardiovascular reflexes and in experimental hypertension is discussed. PMID- 7297707 TI - [Study of vascular effectors, a key problem in normal and pathologic circulatory physiology]. PMID- 7297708 TI - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7297706 TI - [Immune damage to the heart and blood vessels]. PMID- 7297709 TI - [Debatable questions in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7297710 TI - [Contractile function of the heart and myocardial lipid metabolism during measured restriction of coronary blood supply]. PMID- 7297711 TI - [Effects of inotropic factors on rabbit papillary muscles when their initial length and temperature is altered]. PMID- 7297712 TI - [Contractile function of left ventricular myocardium in experimental hypercholesterolemia]. PMID- 7297713 TI - [Effect of adrenergic drugs on cardiac activity and cerebral electrical activity in hypoxic rabbits]. PMID- 7297714 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of cultures of newborn art myocardial cells]. PMID- 7297715 TI - [Spontaneous and evoked contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle at different perfusate temperatures]. PMID- 7297716 TI - [Relation between the amplitude of artificial intra-aortic rheograms and blood pressure]. PMID- 7297717 TI - [Dynamics of the oxygen regime of the vascular wall during functional hyperemia of skeletal muscles and arterial hypoxia]. PMID- 7297718 TI - [Kinetic analysis of the reaction between adrenaline, noradrenaline and isadrine and adrenergic receptors of the systemic and pulmonary circulations]. PMID- 7297719 TI - [Effect of perfusion rate on the hemodynamics of animals resuscitated following prolonged cardiac fibrillation]. PMID- 7297722 TI - [Heart rate regulation in rats with different resistances to hypoxia]. PMID- 7297720 TI - [Changes in systemic and regional hemodynamics after measured restriction of coronary blood flow]. PMID- 7297721 TI - [Hemodynamics of patients with the hypothalamic syndrome]. PMID- 7297723 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of dibasol and papaverine in the presence of adrenergic blockade and chronic experimental hypertension]. PMID- 7297724 TI - [Effect of hypoxic training on rheoencephalographic indices of sportsmen]. PMID- 7297725 TI - [Device for recording electrocardiotopograms]. PMID- 7297726 TI - [Instrument for microelectrode studies of isolated warm-blooded preparations]. PMID- 7297727 TI - [Effect of limbic cortex stimulation on activity of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx]. PMID- 7297728 TI - [Analysis of functional heterogeneity of rat forebrain dopamine-reactive structures]. PMID- 7297729 TI - [Respiration of cerebral synaptosomes of rats deprived of the paradoxical stage of sleep and exposed to depolarization]. PMID- 7297730 TI - [Effective stimulation of Turkestan catfish electroreceptors]. AB - In Turkestan catfish (Clyptosternum reticulatum) passive electrical properties of the skin, the structure of electrical field near and within the fish as well as single nerve fibre impulse activity of electroreceptors, were studied. The resistance and capacity of the skin were 18-25 kOhm.cm2 and 1 micro F/cm2, resp. The effective stimulus for the electroreceptors involved the voltage drop across the skin. The significance of the skin electrical properties for functional characteristics of electroreceptors is discussed. PMID- 7297731 TI - [Changes in the aggregational and orientational structure of blood during pulsatile flow]. PMID- 7297732 TI - [Bioenergetic characteristics of different kinds of physical loads]. PMID- 7297733 TI - [Thermoregulatory response to local convection and radiation cooling]. AB - When equal amounts of cooling were applied to the skin of rabbits the heat production and heat loss elicited by means of convection had shorter latencies and were by 40 to 50 per cent more pronounced that those elicited by radiation. The correlation of the thermoregulatory reactions with the skin temperature was more stable in experiments with convective cooling. Cooling of the skin by 7 to 10 degrees C was optimal for the distinctions between the results. PMID- 7297734 TI - [Changes in the heat resistance of rats in response to different cold adaptation procedures]. PMID- 7297735 TI - [Hematocrit as an index of regional shifts in filtration-absorption function]. PMID- 7297736 TI - [Electrical and contractile properties of the smooth muscle cells of cerebral arteries]. PMID- 7297737 TI - [Changes in the energetics of muscle contraction during ontogeny]. PMID- 7297738 TI - [Photorecorder with a controlling mechanism and special marker]. PMID- 7297739 TI - Further testing of several strains of mice with respect to detection of H - 2 antigens on neonatal erythrocytes. AB - In previous experiments the existence of two types of neonatal erythrocytes was confirmed in different inbred and congenic strains of mice. Erythrocytes of the "early" type were agglutinable by the appropriate antisera on the day of birth; the "late" type erythrocytes were not agglutinable until the third day of postnatal life. Results of earlier studies on segregating generations supported the proposed "remote-cis-effect" model for genetic control of H-2 antigen detectability in newborns. We report on tests that bear further upon this phenomenon. PMID- 7297740 TI - [Home orthoptic practice by means of stereoprojection]. AB - As we know polarisationhaploscopy is a method of dividing right and left side vision. Modern visusprojectors have this installed for the examination of binocular vision. A method of stereoprojection on a large silver screen is demonstrated, until now this was not done on account of technical difficulties. With this new method principally the same examinations are possible as with the phase-difference-haploscope. The projected picture is a fusionimpuls of brilliant picture quality. Fusion and stereobjects with differently near foreground motives that were photographed in differing distances and with different stereobasis as well as numerous projection variations give a wide spectrum for practicing. The slides should be taken in the known surroundings of the children so that they show more interest in practice than when using the prism bar. The optimal circumstances for stereoprojection and orthoptic practices relying on literature are shown. The position of the geometric pictures and circumstances of orthomorphe and heteromorphe pictures are demonstrated by graphics. A convergent systemposition always leads to a heteromorphe projection with a shortening of the stereoscopic range. The perception frequently differs from the objective geometric construction. The normal stereoprojection and orthoptic practices are not disturbed by the objective and described pictureblurring. Examples demonstrate how to set up the system for a defined squintangle as well as how to find the reached fusionspan. Using a third projector enables a continuous change from uncrossed dispertion to crossed without change of slides. PMID- 7297741 TI - [Hager-Otto's ophthalmodynamography]. PMID- 7297742 TI - [Effect of nonperiodic stimulation on the variability of visual evoked cortical potentials]. PMID- 7297743 TI - [Scotopic and photopic parts of light and dark vibrations in the electrooculograph]. PMID- 7297744 TI - [The line skiascope with calibrated collimator. Principles of measurement and experiences with 2 prototypes]. PMID- 7297745 TI - Localization of alpha-tocopherol in hepatic chromatin from rats maintained on a tocopherol-deficient diet. PMID- 7297746 TI - The oxaloacetate reductase activity of vertebrate lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7297747 TI - Some kinetic studies on immobilized uricase. PMID- 7297748 TI - Shift in vivo in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern in experimental models conditioning the metabolic adaptation of rat brain. PMID- 7297749 TI - Cell surface labeling by iodine monochloride. PMID- 7297750 TI - Kinetic behaviour of chicken liver mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase mixtures. PMID- 7297751 TI - Characterization of human liver (4-mythylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid) neuraminidase activity. PMID- 7297752 TI - Liver protein synthesis during the acute response to methylmercury administration. PMID- 7297753 TI - Calcutta-1 LDH: kinetic and thermodynamic properties of an electrophoretic variant of human LDH. PMID- 7297754 TI - Treatment of Essential hypertension with single daily doses of a prazosin polythiazide combination: a multicentre study with Minizide. AB - In a multicentre study conducted by thirty-two investigators in ten European, Asian, and Latin-American countries the combination of prazosin 0.5 mg and polythiazide 0.25 mg per tablet was used as the only drug treatment for all grades of hypertension in 551 adult male and female out-patients. After a 2-week placebo period, patients received 1 tablet daily. The dosage was increased, as necessary, by 1 tablet every 2 weeks to a maximum of 4 tablets daily to provide an adequate blood pressure response. Duration of therapy averaged 7.8 weeks. Blood pressure was reduced by an average of 15% systolic and 17% diastolic and the degree of severity of blood pressure improved in 93% of patients. Two-thirds of the patients ended the study with a diastolic blood pressure equal to or less than 90 mm Hg. The dosage at the end of the therapy period averaged 2 tablets of Minizide as a single daily dose. Side-effects were mostly mild or moderate and were typical of those expected for antihypertensive medication. It is concluded that this combination drug is efficacious in the treatment of hypertension and, together with its good toleration profile and ease of administration, will enhance compliance with therapy. PMID- 7297756 TI - Effects of bezafibrate on low HDL-cholesterol in patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease: a pilot study. AB - Bezafibrate is a new lipid-lowering agent that quite constantly increases low HDL cholesterol values in hyperlipoproteinaemic patients. The possible role fo HDL cholesterol as an anti-atherogenic factor has been frequently discussed, mainly in patients with ischaemic heart disease but recently also in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD). This is the first pilot study in six selected patients suffering from ICD who had at the same time low HDL-cholesterol values (less than or equal to = 1.1 mmol/l) with otherwise normal lipids. After a wash out period of 2 months duration these patients were treated with 200 mg bezafibrate t.i.d. for 2 months. They were then followed up for another 8 months. Bezafibrate therapy increased HDL-cholesterol (range 45-130%). Eight months after cessation of therapy five patients have returned to pathologically low HDL-levels and the sixth patient also has a relatively low value of 1.2 mmol/l. This small preliminary study cannot, however, provide evidence about the possible beneficial role of increasing HDL-cholesterol in patients with ICD. Further investigations are therefore in progress. PMID- 7297755 TI - Sustained antihypertensive response with Minizide: long-term follow-up in a multicentre study. AB - The safety and effectiveness of prazosin hydrochloride combined with polythiazide for the treatment of hypertension was studied in four European countries by ten investigators. One-hundred and seventy-seven adult male and female patients, 91% with essential hypertension were treated for an average of 7 months. Reductions from placebo-controlled baseline blood pressure exceeded 15% over the 8-week short-term phase of the study with further reductions of up to 22% observed at the end of the study. Ninety-six per cent of all patients completed therapy with a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or less. Most patients were adequately controlled on 2 tablets or less once daily. Each tablet contained 0.5 mg prazosin hydrochloride and 0.25 mg polythiazide. Long-term toleration was excellent. Side effects were typical of those expected with antihypertensive medication and nearly all were reported during the first 8 weeks of treatment with no interruption or discontinuation of drug. Nearly all patients were followed throughout for laboratory changes. There were minimal changes consistent with the therapy and there was no pattern indicative of toxic potential. It is concluded that the drug combination, Minizide, is effective and well tolerated as initial and long-term therapy in hypertension and that the convenient dosage regimen will lead to enhanced treatment compliance for this chronic condition. PMID- 7297757 TI - An evaluation of pyrisuccideanol maleate (Nadex) in the treatment of mild to moderate depression in patients aged 55 years and over, presenting in general practice. PMID- 7297759 TI - Fibroscopic bronchial aspirations. PMID- 7297758 TI - Clinical trial with Nimesulide, a new non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent, in rheumatic pathology. PMID- 7297760 TI - A palatability comparison between a granular and a tablet colloid bulk-forming agent. PMID- 7297761 TI - Characterization of adenohypophysial polypeptides by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. II. Sulfated and glycosylated polypeptides. AB - Adenohypophysial sulfated and glycosylated polypeptides were studied by high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography. The preparations analyzed were the following: (a) homogenates from cow and rat anterior pituitary slices labeled in vitro either with [35S]sulfate or D-[6-3H]glucosamine; (b) materials released from bovine adenohypophysis slices pulse labeled with [35S]sulfate; and (c) purified fractions of bovine prolactin granules stripped by detergent treatment of their limiting membrane. A heterogeneous family of sulfated components, almost all glycosylated, differing in their peptide moieties as well as in their isoelectric points, was revealed in the glandular tissue. The major of these components (apparent Mr approximately 70 000; pI approximately 4.8), which was also highly labeled by L-[3H]-leucine (Zanini, A., and Rosa, P. (1981) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 24), might be a secretory protein because it accumulates in the medium during chase incubation of bovine pituitary slices in vitro. This sulfated component, which was more concentrated in the bovine than in the rat gland, was present in purified bovine prolactin granules stripped of their limiting membrane. However, the available evidence suggests that this might not be the only subcellular location of the sulfated polypeptide in the pituitary tissue. PMID- 7297762 TI - Behavioral correlates of physical and neuromotor maturity in adolescents from different environments. AB - The relationship between neuropsychological performance (sequencing and visuospatial processing) and neuromotor and physical maturity was investigated among ninety 14- and 15-year-old boys selected from 3 socioeconomic backgrounds: upper middle class, white collar, and blue collar. Sequencing was measured by the Stroop Word and Color Test and by stability of rhythmic finger tapping; visuospatial processing was measured by a locomotor mazes task. We had predicted that rate of maturation would be correlated positively with sequencing and negatively with visuospatial performance independent of socioeconomic background. The correlations between neuropsychological performance and maturational status were in the directions predicted, but the appearance of these relationships was not independent of socioeconomic status. In the upper middle class group, visuospatial processing was negatively related to physical maturity; in the white collar group, motor sequencing was positively related to physical maturity; and in the blue collar group, all the sequencing measures were positively related to neuromotor maturity. PMID- 7297763 TI - Effect of surrogate-administered punishment on surrogate contact in infant squirrel monkeys. AB - Three experiments were conducted in which surrogate-reared infant squirrel monkeys were exposed to punishment in the form of pressurized air emitted from the bodies of the surrogates. Punishment was administered irregularly during the day between the ages of 6 and 34 weeks, under different schedules of random presentation and at different parameters of the airblast stimulus. Physical contact with the surrogate was recorded separately for day and night activity. The results of all experiments were consistent in showing that punished infants spent less time than did nonpunished controls in contacting their surrogates during the daytime throughout the entire period of study. Nighttime scores were less consistent, but showed the same trend in 2 of the experiments. The results also suggested that different subtypes of squirrel monkeys are inherently different in their degree of surrogate contact, with monkeys of the Bolivian type spending more time in contact than those of either Peruvian or Colombian descent. PMID- 7297764 TI - Effects of handling during infancy on the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system of rats. AB - We examined the effects of daily handling and maternal separation (5 min per day) on the responsiveness of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system of Sprague Dawley rats before weaning and in adulthood. Plasma levels of norepinephrine (derived primarily from sympathetic nerves) and epinephrine (released from the adrenal medulla) were elevated in handled pups compared to unhandled controls at 14 and 18 days of age but not at 6 and 10 days of age. When tested in adulthood, previously handled and control rats did not differ with respect to basal or stress-induced increments in plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine. These results indicate that brief daily episodes of handling and maternal separation are attended by an increase in sympathetic-adrenal medullary tone in 14-18-day-old rats. However, the enhanced response of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system of separated rats may not persist into adulthood. PMID- 7297765 TI - Home-orienting behavior in rat pups: the effect of 2 and 3 generations of rehabilitation following intergenerational malnutrition. AB - In an earlier study in this laboratory, we examined home-orienting ability in rats with histories of intergenerational malnutrition that were rehabilitated postnatally with an adequate protein diet (Galler, 1979). Despite increased size and activity, 1st-generation rehabilitated pups showed no improvement in homing ability when compared to malnourished pups. In the current study, offspring of rats with intergenerational malnutrition were rehabilitated for 2 additional generations and tested for homing ability from postnatal Day 4 through Day 12. The pups rehabilitated for 2 and 3 generations did not perform as well as control pups, even though growth and activity returned to normal levels. Furthermore, the rehabilitated pups failed to demonstrate any preference for the nest on all days of testing; in contrast, control pups favored the nest quadrant by Day 8 of life. No significant improvement was evident on any measure from the 2nd to the 3rd generation of rehabilitation. PMID- 7297766 TI - Maternal touch at 1st contact with the newborn infant. AB - Human mothers have been reported to exhibit a species-characteristic pattern of tactile contact with their newborn infants that begins with fingertip touch of infant extremities and progresses to palmar massaging of the infant trunk. This study presents data on maternal tactile interaction during 10 min of contact following each of 66 deliveries. Most of the women in the study were of Hispanic origin and delivered with midwives in an El Paso, Texas maternity center. Time sampling techniques were used with tactile behaviors recorded every 10 sec. Most observations began less than 10 min after birth. The statistical analysis revealed that maternal tactile behavior in the 1st 10 min of active interaction is more variable than previously reported. No evidence was offered of a pattern of touch progression: active tactile exploration appeared to vary with the gender of the infant and parity and socioeconomic or sociocultural background of the mother. PMID- 7297767 TI - A response adjustment procedure for assessing stimulus preference in preweanlings. PMID- 7297768 TI - Effects of fostering on seizure activity in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to ascertain whether seizure propensity in Mongolian gerbils is affected by differences in behavior and/or nurturing ability of seizure-prone (SP) and nonseizure-prone (NSP) parents. Day-old SP and NSP pups were cross-fostering, while other SP pups were fostered to SP parents. Matched nonfostered littermates served as controls. The SP gerbils fostered to NSP parents exhibited delayed onset of seizure activity whereas SP gerbils fostered to SP parents did not. Neither familial defect underlies seizure-proneness in gerbils, but that expression of this tendency is affected by parental behavior and/or nurturing ability. PMID- 7297769 TI - Diabetic macroangiopathy and growth hormone. AB - The large vessel disease develops slowly and progressively among most diabetics. According to the concept of a specific diabetic macroangiopathy, the alterations in the large vessels are part of the general diabetic angiopathy and are different from the spotty atherosclerosis. This hypothesis proposes that the changes develop a consequence of the metabolic situation in diabetes. The concept is based on epidemiologic, clinical, and patho-anatomical observations. A model of large-vessel disease in diabetes is briefly described. Diabetic serum causes proliferation of the aortic myomedial cells in culture. Growth hormone causes a similar proliferation. Type 1 procollagen and fibronectin elaboration is enhanced by diabetic serum. The same effect has been found with growth hormone. Insulin treatment in experimental diabetes prevents the proliferation of arterial myomedial cells in the coronary arteries. The presented data are compatible with the concept of a diabetic macroangiopathy distinct from atherosclerosis. PMID- 7297771 TI - The fluid phase of coagulation and the accelerated atherosclerosis of diabetes mellitus. AB - The early and accelerated atherosclerosis associated with diabetes mellitus is probably multifactorial in origin. Hyperglycemia, in addition to its numerous pathologic effects on lipids, hormonal profiles, the vascular tree, and platelets, is also associated with effects on the fluid phase of coagulation. The most striking abnormality of coagulation described in diabetes mellitus is a decrement in fibrinogen survival that is rapidly reversible with correction of hyperglycemia or the administration of heparin but not with aspirin and dipyridamole administration, suggesting a hypercoagulable state. Abnormalities of clotting factor assays and circulating levels have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus, but most of these studies are complicated by the controversy over the results being due to diabetes mellitus or due to the presence of vascular lesions concomitant with diabetes. Nevertheless, an increasing amount of evidence implicates the participation of the fluid phase of coagulation in both the initiation and propagation of diabetic vascular complications. PMID- 7297770 TI - The endothelium, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis: insights from cell biology and lipid metabolism. AB - Endothelial cells in culture retain many of the functional properties of the endothelium in vivo. At high cell density, they become contact-inhibited. Endothelial cells, like vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, express binding sites for low density lipoprotein when depleted of sterol. In contact inhibited endothelial cells (but not actively growing cells), a block to internalization is evident, so that the cells bind but do not interiorize low density lipoprotein. Lipoprotein sterol does not enter the cell or regulate endogenous sterol synthesis. On the other hand, both contact-inhibited and actively growing endothelial cells express a separate receptor for triglyceride rich lipoproteins. Cholesterol in these lipoproteins, unlike that in LDL, effectively regulates sterol synthesis in contact-inhibited endothelial cells and also mediates the accumulation of cholesterol in these cells. These findings are related to current concepts of atherogenesis. Receptors for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may promote cellular sterol accumulation, release of contact inhibition in the surrounding endothelial cells, and exposure of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells to plasma concentrations of both triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDL. PMID- 7297772 TI - Studies on the cellular basis of atherosclerosis: the effects of atherosclerosis risk factors on platelets and the vascular endothelium. AB - Thrombosis is a well-recognized complication of atherosclerosis and may be a factor in initial lesion formation. Experimental endothelial cell injury results in activation of the coagulation mechanism and therefore may be a critical aspect of the pathogenesis of occlusive vascular disease. If this is so, then risk factors for atherosclerosis should affect the endothelium either by causing cell injury, inhibiting repair mechanisms, or altering its thromboresistant properties. To test this, we studied the effect of several risk factors on endothelial cell behavior in vitro. Since the smooth muscle cell is the major cellular component of human atherosclerotic plaque and since a primary smooth muscle cell lesion is suggested by the clonal nature of human plaque, we also studied the effect of risk factors on arterial smooth muscle behavior. We have found that homocysteine directly injures human endothelium, which may account for the premature arterial disease in homocystinuria. Serum from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia inhibits the critical function of endothelial cell migration, as well as arterial smooth muscle cell migration. Moderate hypoxia has no effect on endothelial cell or smooth muscle cell viability, proliferation, or migration. Platelet factors are shown to affect human smooth muscle cell proliferation and both endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell migration. Preliminary study of platelet activation in diabetes with retinopathy suggests a relation to glucose control, but might reflect underlying vessel disease rather than direct platelet effect. PMID- 7297773 TI - Hyperglycemia and arterial disease. AB - Clinical and autopsy evidence support the increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetes mellitus (DM). However, mechanisms other than arterial occlusion may also contribute to clinical syndromes often assumed to be atherosclerotic in origin. There is considerable geographical variability in the frequency of arterial disease in the diabetic. Glucose intolerance short of unequivocal DM is found in some (though not all) populations to carry increased atherosclerotic risk. Morbidity and mortality data suggest that women are particularly vulnerable (as with DM). The Whitehall prospective study of cardiovascular mortality shows that risk does not rise smoothly with increasing degrees of glucose intolerance but that it doubles sharply at the 95th percentile of the 2-h post-glucose blood sugar distribution. PMID- 7297774 TI - Cellular and molecular biology of lipoprotein metabolism in atherosclerosis. AB - Despite a significant decrease in mortality from cardiovascular disease in the US over the past decade, coronary artery disease, more specifically myocardial infarction, remains the leading cause of death in our country, and in most Westernized countries of the world. The disease process of atherosclerosis causes coronary heart disease; yet, despite considerable progress, much remains to be learned about the basic mechanisms responsible for this disease process. It is the purpose of this paper to review the recent advances that are contributing to our understanding of the important role of plasma lipoproteins in atherosclerosis and the role of dietary fat and cholesterol in altering plasma lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7297775 TI - Responses of the arterial wall to injury. AB - Recent experimental evidence indicates that all the lesions seen in human atherosclerosis can be induced in animals by various forms of injury to the intima or endothelial lining of arteries. Dietary lipid supplement is not required for the development of lipid-rich atherosclerotic lesions in these settings. Factors present in plasma or serum may stimulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the lesions similar to the invitro demonstration of smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to diabetic serum. The accumulation of lipid in lesions may relate to alteration in the glucosaminoglycan content of the neointima covered by regenerated endothelium and may be analogous to alterations in glucosaminoglycan metabolism in the arterial wall of diabetic subjects. PMID- 7297776 TI - Hypertension: the major risk factor in juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 7297777 TI - Physical factors important in the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes. PMID- 7297779 TI - Acetylator phenotypes and type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics with microvascular disease. AB - We have investigated the acetylator dimorphism in 55 type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics. The frequency of the fast phenotype (49%) was higher than in the general Northern European population (37%). Although this difference was not significant (chi squared = 2.64, P = 0.1) the combination of our data with data from two other studies produced a significant positive association between the fast acetylator phenotype and type I diabetes (P = 0.00013, relative risk = 2.0). These findings lend support to the concept that more than one genetic locus may be involved in the susceptibility to type I diabetes. No association was found between acetylator phenotypes and diabetic complications. PMID- 7297778 TI - Glucose transport across ocular barriers of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. AB - The transport kinetics across the plasma-aqueous and plasma-vitreous barriers were studied in normal and long-term streptozotocin-diabetic rats, using trace amounts of [14C]-L-glucose and [3H]-3-O-methyl-D-glucose. The former is passively transported while the latter uses the same transport-facilitating system as D glucose. Transport rates of L-glucose were significantly higher in the diabetic rats, with ocular entry rates from the plasma being increased by 69% across both barriers. Thus, the data indicate that in experimental diabetes the passive permeability of the blood-ocular barriers is significantly increased. By contrast, calculated transport rate constants for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, when adjusted for the hyperglycemia and the increased passive glucose movement, are not altered in the diabetic animal. Nevertheless, there is actually more mass D glucose movement due to the prevailing hyperglycemia. The present study suggests that although streptozotocin diabetes alters plasma-ocular glucose transport, there is no direct impairment of glucose carrier function. Alterations in transport occurred at both ocular barriers, suggesting that involvement is general and that both the retinal pigment epithelium and the ciliary epithelium may be affected by the diabetes. It is unknown whether the increase in passive movement is related to the prevailing hyperglycemia or to insulin deficiency or other unknown factors. PMID- 7297780 TI - Effects of acute experimental diabetes on composite energy metabolism in peripheral nerve axons and Schwann cells. PMID- 7297781 TI - Editorial: binaural amplification--state of the art. PMID- 7297782 TI - Clinical issues and options in binaural hearing aid fitting. PMID- 7297783 TI - Demonstration of binaural advantage in audiometric test rooms. AB - Binaural advantage was measured for 12 normally hearing subjects in a typical rectangular audiometric test room with a loudspeaker located in each corner. Four different loudspeaker configurations for presentation of signal and competition were evaluated. The results indicated that a configuration in which uncorrelated competition was delivered from both sides of the subject while the signal was presented from a 0 degree azimuth was the most resistant to interaural asymmetries resulting from the room geometry and produced the most consistent binaural advantages. Binaural advantage was then measured using this loudspeaker configuration for 15 hearing-impaired individuals wearing hearing aids. Although the group results indicate a mean unaided binaural advantage only slightly smaller than seen in the normal hearers, when hearing aids were worn an interaural asymmetry in a signal-to-competition ratio developed that reduced the clinical usefulness of the data for individuals. This outcome emphasizes that a valid clinical demonstration of binaural advantage is critically dependent on interaural symmetry in signal-to-competition ratios for both aided and unaided tests. Such symmetry may be difficult to achieve in a typical audiometric test room. PMID- 7297784 TI - Effects of dichotic/diotic versus monotic presentation on speech understanding in noise in elderly hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Hearing-impaired elderly subjects with mild to moderate, bilaterally symmetrical, sensorineural hearing losses received speech stimuli mixed with cafeteria and speech-babble noises in a variety of listening conditions. Open and closed set Rhyme test words and Speech Perception in Noise test sentences were presented at individually determined signal-to-noise ratios. the listening conditions included: (1) monotic against which all other conditions were compared; (2) low frequency attenuation of 5, 10, and 15 dB relative to the high frequencies; (3) dichotic, with the frequency band above 1000 Hz presented to the preferred ear and the band below 1000 Hz to the other ear; and (4) diotic, with identical speech-in-noise signals presented simultaneously to both ears. Results indicated: (1) regardless of type of stimulus, open or closed set presentation, or type of noise, most of the dichotic and/or diotic presentations were superior to monotic at 0.05 or 0.01 significance levels; (2) under most conditions, dichotic/diotic conditions were superior to the low frequency attenuated presentations; (3) subjects with abnormal Synthetic Sentence Inventory functions seemed to use dichotic/diotic input as well as those with normal Synthetic Sentence Inventory performance; (4) subjects with borderline hearing losses showed greater amounts of dichotic/diotic superiority than those with mild-to-moderate losses. Further research with wearable hearing aids is indicated. PMID- 7297785 TI - Examination of binaural amplification in children. PMID- 7297786 TI - Performance-intensity functions as a predictor for binaural amplification. AB - It has been suggested that a generalized central auditory deficit which is often present in the aged population might be a contraindication for successful hearing aid use. The present study examined the relationship between measured central auditory deficit and binaural versus monaural aided performance. Subjects were adults, aged 65 or older, with bilateral sensorineural hearing impairments. Unaided phonetically balanced monosyllabic word (PB) and Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) performance-intensity functions were obtained followed by aided monaural and binaural speech recognition measurements. A direct relationship between measured central deficit (PBmax-SSImax) and binaural versus monaural superiority was not found because most subjects showed no significant differences for the PB/SSI or binaural/monaural measurements. The best predictor for binaural superiority was found to be the slope of the performance-intensity function, with significant correlations obtained for both the PB and SSI materials. PMID- 7297787 TI - Binaural amplification of young children: a clinical application of Ross' theory. PMID- 7297788 TI - Survey of binaural hearing aid users. AB - Two hundred four subjects supplied with binaural hearing aids through the British National National Health Service were surveyed by means of a postal questionnaire regarding their use of, attitudes of, and satisfaction with the two aids. The majority were using both aids regularly and extensively, and with high levels of satisfaction. Background noise was identified as the acoustic environment creating the greatest difficulty. Wind noise especially was a problem, although a few subjects had devised ways of coping. Significantly better attitudes within the family were reported by the good users, but it was not possible to establish which was cause and which effect. Binaural aids were reported as being significantly better than monaural aids in reducing the problems associated with tinnitus, which was present in almost half the subjects surveyed. Undoubtedly the majority of the patients reviewed believed that their auditory performance, social competence, and personal enjoyment of life were enhanced since changing to binaural aids. PMID- 7297789 TI - Subjective comparisons of binaural versus monaural amplification. AB - Patient preference for monaural versus binaural hearing aids was studied to evaluate the subjective differences noted between these two types of fittings. Subjects were 30 patients with bilateral hearing impairment who were being fit with amplification for the first time. Subjects wore both monaural and binaural hearing aids for controlled periods of 1 hr each and 2 days each. This was followed by an additional 3 days during which the fittings were alternated at the subjects' own discretion. Subjects reported preferences and subjective differences after each experimental phase. Interviews were conducted 3 months after participation in the study to determine actual hearing aid use. Binaural amplification was preferred by 90% of the subjects for consistently similar reasons. Results also suggest that consistency of preferences throughout an initial trial period may be predictive of successful adjustment to and use of amplification. Findings indicate that the routine practice of fitting monaural hearing aids may not provide optimum fittings for many patients. PMID- 7297790 TI - Split-band amplification: a HI/LO hearing aid fitting. PMID- 7297791 TI - Diabetic nephropathy: fault or destiny? AB - Twenty-one young onset Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetics who developed severe diabetic nephropathy after 14.5 +/- 3.3 years (mean +/- SD) and 21 age and sex matched Type 1 diabetics without evidence of nephropathy after more than 32 years of disease were compared with particular reference to body build, insulin requirements, stability of diabetes, heart rate and blood pressure before the development of nephropathy. Attempts were made to evaluate the quality of metabolic control during the first 20 years of diabetes from more than 1,600 out patient measurements of blood and urinary glucose in each group. The renal tubular reabsorption capacity for glucose was calculated in both groups. No differences between the two groups were found for any of the parameters examined, except that the frequency of ketoacidosis was higher in the patients who developed nephropathy. It is concluded that many Type 1 diabetics seem to be protected against the deleterious effect of diabetes on the kidney. The nature of the protecting factors is unknown. PMID- 7297794 TI - Exercise and diabetes. PMID- 7297792 TI - Soluble immune complexes in patients with diabetes mellitus: detection and pathological significance. PMID- 7297793 TI - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients: relationship with control. PMID- 7297795 TI - Glucose and glucagon do stimulate somatostatin release from isolated pancreatic islets. PMID- 7297797 TI - The relationship between kidney size and function in short-term diabetic patients. PMID- 7297796 TI - HLA-A2 and type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians: an association of allele frequency with age. AB - In Pima Indians with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus, HLA-A2 allele frequencies were inversely associated with age, (0.72, 0.59, and 0.52 in those less than 35, 35 to 54, and 55 years old and over, respectively). This suggests that there may be a gene closely linked with the HLA-A locus which plays a role in the expression of diabetes in the Pimas by contributing to an earlier age of onset. HLA-A2 was found in 65% non-diabetic and 81% of 191 diabetic subjects (relative risk = 2.2). PMID- 7297798 TI - Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels and atherogenesis in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7297799 TI - [Immune deficiency secondary to malnutrition]. PMID- 7297800 TI - [Nutritional status and immunity in alcoholic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297801 TI - [Adult kala-azar revealed by jaundice and associated with various immunological disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297803 TI - [Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7297802 TI - [Operative choledochoscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297804 TI - [Inflammatory fibroid polyp or Helwig's pseudo-tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297805 TI - [Rectal lipomatosis. Association with pelvic lipomatosis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297807 TI - [Measurement of unidirectional sodium fluxes across the rabbit jejunal mucosa using the double-tracer technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297806 TI - [Decrease of external pancreatic secretion in rats given trypsin via duodenal, peritoneal or circulatory routes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297808 TI - [Conservative surgery and endoscopy in the treatment of papillomatosis of the bile ducts]. PMID- 7297809 TI - [Malignant gastric lymphoma or undifferentiated carcinoma? Orientation by the response to treatment]. PMID- 7297810 TI - [Demography of specialists for the digestive system in France]. PMID- 7297811 TI - [Prospective study of flexible rectosigmoidoscopy in an asymptomatic population as a screening procedure for polyps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297812 TI - [The role of the colon in the absorption of water and electrolytes. Pathogenesis of diarrhea]. PMID- 7297813 TI - [What information is gained from measuring serum bile acids]. PMID- 7297814 TI - [Application of the enzymatic microassay of serum bile acids: value of the post prandial test and of the clearance of cholic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297815 TI - [Diagnostic value of pre- and post-prandial serum bile acid measurements in liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297816 TI - [Nature and incidence of cholesterol gallstones in France. Analysis of the crystalline components of 201 human gallstones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7297817 TI - [Esophageal ulcers following oral intake of pinaverium bromide]. PMID- 7297819 TI - [Hepatic toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in the rat: protective role of laparotomies]. PMID- 7297818 TI - [Pathogenesis of ulcers induced by taking doxycycline]. PMID- 7297820 TI - [Chronic hepatitis as complication of cirrhosis, due to papaverine]. PMID- 7297821 TI - [Chronic hepatitis with elevated level of endoplasmic anti-reticulum antibodies: alpha-methyldopa or tienilic acid?]. PMID- 7297822 TI - Polyps in the acid-secreting area of the stomach. AB - The relation of gastric polyps to acid-secreting mucosa was examined in 120 patients with gastric polyps. Studies were made by the endoscopic Congo red test developed in this clinic. In 23 patients (19.1%) gastric polyps were located in acid-secreting mucosa and may have arisen from normal oxyntic mucosa. These polyps were of two histological types: oxyntic gland polyps containing many parietal cells, and nonoxyntic gland polyps without parietal cells. Only the former type appeared to secrete acid, judging endoscopically from the change of Congo red from red to blue-black on the surface of the polyps after administration of gastrin. PMID- 7297823 TI - Colonoscopy in ischemic colitis. AB - Fifteen patients with ischemia of the colon are presented. The majority showed a similar clinical presentation with hematochezia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in an elderly patient population having associated disease. Colonoscopy was abnormal in all patients studied. Three endoscopic stages were recognized; (1) acute stage characterized by petechiae, pallor, and hyperemia; (2) subacute stage consisting of ulceration and exudation; and (3) chronic stage characterized by stricture, decrease in haustrations, and mucosal granularity. Conventional barium enemas were abnormal and suggested ischemic colitis in six of 15 patients. Rigid proctoscopy was normal or demonstrated nonspecific proctitis in 12 of 15 patients studied. Colonoscopic biopsies demonstrated superficial inflammatory changes in all patients. Thirteen patients had complete mucosal healing endoscopically in 2 weeks to 3 months with stricture developing in four patients. Because ischemic colitis is a distinct subtype of ischemic bowel disease most often limited to the superficial mucosa, colonoscopy is an alternative and usually safe modality in the diagnosis of this entity and proved more accurate that conventional x-ray and proctoscopy. PMID- 7297824 TI - Endoscopic small intestinal biopsy. AB - Ninety-three patients with suspected small bowel disease were investigated by duodenal forceps biopsy via a fiberoptic endoscope. Three biopsies were usually taken from the distal end of the second part of the duodenum, orientated on a square of plastic mesh, and examined by stereomicroscopy and histology. There were no failures or complications. Using strict criteria, sections from 56% of the 299 biopsies were satisfactory for histological interpretation (compared with 76% of 346 biopsies taken via a hydraulic multiple biopsy capsule from a separate group of patients). At least one biopsy was satisfactory from 87% of the patients. A previous study having shown that biopsies from this site are comparable to those from the conventional site at the duodenojejunal junction, it is concluded that endoscopic duodenal biopsy is a valid alternative to conventional suction biopsy and, moreover, has a number of advantages. PMID- 7297825 TI - The diagnosis of hereditary pancreatitis by pancreatography. PMID- 7297826 TI - Early gastric cancer: report of five cases. PMID- 7297827 TI - Gastric adenomyoma with coincidental pancreatic rest: a case report. PMID- 7297828 TI - A new surgical endoscopy handle with rotatable accessories. PMID- 7297830 TI - Selected papers from the Second International Congress on Colonoscopy and Diseases of the Large Bowel, March 6 to 8, 1980. PMID- 7297829 TI - Modification of a bronchoscope for percutaneous choledochoscopy. PMID- 7297831 TI - The gastric ulcer: a fiberendoscopic approach to detection and differential diagnosis (excerpts from the A/S/G/E endoscopic teaching syllabus). A/S/G/E Postgraduate Education Sub-Committee. PMID- 7297833 TI - New dilemmas for training program directors. PMID- 7297832 TI - A plea for clarity. PMID- 7297834 TI - Fees for gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 7297836 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the esophagus (ERCE) PMID- 7297835 TI - Congenital stenosis of the esophagus. PMID- 7297837 TI - Osseous metaplasia in a benign colon polyp. PMID- 7297838 TI - Gastric sarcoidosis. PMID- 7297839 TI - Cecal perforation presenting as acute respiratory arrest. PMID- 7297840 TI - Impacted blister packages. PMID- 7297841 TI - Noninvasive management of esophageal meat impaction. PMID- 7297842 TI - Colonoscopic appendectomy. PMID- 7297844 TI - Gonadotropin secretion during reproductive cycles in teleosts: influences of environmental factors. PMID- 7297843 TI - Action of prolactin on the Harderian gland of the chick. PMID- 7297845 TI - Effects of progesterone and estrogen on the histology of the oviduct of the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. PMID- 7297846 TI - Reproductive performance and endocrine responses to ingested petroleum in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 7297847 TI - Circulating concentrations of growth hormone during growth, maturation, and reproductive cycles in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). PMID- 7297848 TI - Immunoassay for avian pancreatic polypeptide and applications in chickens. PMID- 7297849 TI - Effects of osmotic pressure and calcium ion on prolactin release in vitro from the rostral pars distalis of the tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus. PMID- 7297850 TI - An alternative method for the synthesis of 11-[3H]ketotestosterone and 11 beta- [3H]hydroxytestosterone from [3H]cortisol. PMID- 7297851 TI - The molecular basis of dominance. AB - The best known genes of microbes, mice and men are those that specify enzymes. Wild type, mutant and heterozygote for variants of such genes differ in the catalytic activity at the step in the enzyme network specified by the gene in question. The effect on the respective phenotypes of such changes in catalytic activity, however, is not defined by the enzymes change as estimated by in vitro determination of the activities obtained from the extracts of the three groups. In vivo enzymes do not act in isolation, but are kinetically linked to other enzymes via their substrates and products. These interactions modify the effect of enzyme variation on the phenotype, depending on the nature and quantity of the other enzymes present. An output of such a system, say a flux, is therefore a systemic property, and its response to variation at one locus must be measured in the whole system. This response is best described by the sensitivity coefficient, Z, while is defined by the fractional change in flux over the fractional change in enzyme activity. (formula: see text). Its magnitude determines the extent to which a particular enzyme "controls" a particular flux or phenotype and, implicitly, determines the values that the three phenotypes will have. There are as many sensitivity coefficients for a given flux as there are enzymes in the system. It can be shown that the sum of all such coefficients equals unity. (formula: see text). Since n, the number of enzymes, is large, this summation property results in the individual coefficients being small. The effect of making a large change in enzyme activity therefore usually results in only a negligible change in flux. A reduction to 50% activity in the heterozygote, a common feature for many mutants, is therefore not expected to be detectable in the phenotype. The mutant would therefore be described as "recessive". The widespread occurrence of recessive mutants is thus seen to be the inevitable consequence of the kinetic structure of enzyme networks. The ad hoc hypothesis of "modifiers" selected to maximize the fitness of the heterozygote, as proposed by Fisher, is therefore unnecessary. It is based on the false general expectation of an intermediate phenotype in the heterozygote. Wright's analysis, substantially sound in its approach, proposed selection of a "safety factor" in enzyme activity. The derivation of the summation property explains why such safety factors are automatically present in almost all enzymes without selection. PMID- 7297852 TI - Density- and frequency-dependent selection at the Mdh-2 locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura. AB - We have studied differences in the number of Drosophila pseudoobscura produced in a culture when the flies differ with respect to two alleles (F and S) at the Mdh 2 locus, which codes for a malate dehydrogenase enzyme. The studies were done at low and at high density in two- and three-genotype combinations (S/S, F/F and S/F), with one-genotype cultures as controls.--Density affects the fitness of the Mdh-2 genotypes. Different genotypes are differently affected, and the genotype of the competitors also makes a difference on the fitness of a given genotype. When three genotypes are present in a culture, particularly at high density, intergenotypic competition is less intense than intragenotypic competition at several frequency combinations. That is, there is "overcompensation": the three genotypes together exploit the environmental resources better than one genotype alone.--The fitness of the genotypes is frequency dependent in both two-genotype and three-genotype combinations. An inverse relationship between frequency and fitness is observed at high density. This may lead to a stable polymorphism, because the fitness of a genotype increases as its frequency decreases.--Forty independent strains, sampled from a natural population, were used in the experiments. This ensures that more than 95% of the variation present in the genome in the natural population is also present in the experimental cultures. It also ensures that the genetic background on the Mdh-2 alleles is randomized in the same way as it is in nature. However, the possibility remains that Mdh-2 alleles in nature are nonrandomly associated with alleles at closely linked loci. If linkage disequilibrium is present in the experiments because it exists in nature, then the observed effects (such as frequency-dependent selection) would affect the Mdh-2 locus in nature as well. PMID- 7297854 TI - Recombinant DNA and the law: review of some general legal considerations. PMID- 7297853 TI - The chromosomal basis of sexual isolation in two sibling species of Drosophila: D. arizonensis and D. mojavensis. AB - The chromosomal determination of interspecific differences in mating behavior was studied in the interfertile pair, Drosophila arizonensis and Drosophila mojavensis, by means of chromosomal substitutions. Interspecific crossing over was avoided by crossing hybrid males to parental females, and identification of the origin of each chromosome in backcrossed hybrids was possibly by means of allozyme markers. It was found that male mating behavior is controlled by factors located in the PGM-marked chromosome (which, in other Drosophila species, is part of the X chromosome) and in the Y chromosome. The other chromosomes influence male sexual behavior through their interactions with each other and with the PGM marked chromosome, but their overall effect is minor. Female mating behavior is controlled by factors located in the ODH-marked and AMY-marked chromosomes, with the other chromosomes exercising a small additive effect. Hence, the two sex specific behaviors are under different genetic control. Cytoplasmic origin has no effect on the mating behavior of either sex. There appears to be no correlation between a chromosome's structural diversity (i.e., amounts of inversion polymorphism within a species or numbers of fixed inversions across species) and its contribution to sexual isolation. These findings are in general agreement with those from similar Drosophila studies and may not be specific to the species studied here. PMID- 7297855 TI - Genetic transformation of Rhizobium meliloti by plasmid DNA. AB - A procedure for the genetic transformation of Rhizobium meliloti by plasmid DNA is described. It is an adaptation of a procedure used originally for Escherichia coli and later for Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Depending on the R. meliloti isolate used as the recipient, the efficiency of transformation was in the range of 7 x 10(1) to 3.7 x 10(3) per microgram of plasmid pRK248 DNA and 10(-6) to 10( 9) per viable cell. A number of different naturally occurring strains could be transformed. Plasmids related to pRK248 and varying in size from 9.6 to 56 kb could be used, suggesting that the procedure will be useful for molecular cloning of genes in R. meliloti. PMID- 7297858 TI - Diabetic emergencies and how to handle them. PMID- 7297856 TI - Cloning of mouse beta-casein gene sequences. AB - Casein messenger RNAs (mRNAcsn) were purified from lactating mammary glands of BALB/c mice and used as a starting material for cloning of casein gene sequences. Double-stranded casein cDNA (ds-cDNAcsn) was prepared and blunt-end ligated to HindIII-specific DNA linker molecules. After digestion with HindIII, the dsDNAcsn was inserted into the HindIII site of plasmid pBR322, using T4 DNA ligase. Escherichia coli strain RH202 was transformed with the hybrid plasmids, and transformants were selected for resistance to ampicillin. Electrophoresis of HindIII-digested hybrid plasmid DNAs, followed by Southern transfer and hybridization to [32P]cDNAcsn, revealed that one of the hybrid-plasmid-containing colonies, designated pCas51, contained a 400-bp insert which hybridized to the [32P]cDNAcsn. Purification of the individual casein mRNAs (mRNAcsn alpha, beta, and gamma) and solution hybridization of nick-translated insert DNA to each of these revealed that pCas51 contained sequences complementary primarily to mRNAcsn beta. PMID- 7297857 TI - Rapid cloning of specific DNA fragments of Streptococcus pneumoniae by vector integration into the chromosome followed by endonucleolytic excision. AB - A method for the rapid cloning of specific Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA fragments depends on the integration by homologous recombination into the bacterial chromosome of a plasmid which carries an insert of S. pneumoniae DNA, but which cannot be autonomously maintained in S. pneumoniae. Selection for plasmid integration employs aminopterin or erythromycin resistance. Host sequences adjacent to the site of insertion are easily cloned by enzymatic excision and recircularization of the plasmid, followed by propagation in Escherichia coli. This is particularly useful for repeated cloning of a given fragment that carries various mutations. PMID- 7297859 TI - The primary care physician's role in cancer management. PMID- 7297861 TI - Coping with chronic COPD: therapeutic options. PMID- 7297860 TI - Treating mild diastolic hypertension in the elderly: uncertain benefits and possible dangers. PMID- 7297862 TI - How to limit the risks of elective surgery. PMID- 7297864 TI - [Experimental characteristics of the biological action of synthetic perfumes]. PMID- 7297863 TI - [Effect of a low geomagnetic field on brain enzyme activity]. PMID- 7297865 TI - [Biochemical criteria for the hygienic assessment of the various biological effects of environmental chemical factors (hepato-, neuro- and gonadotoxic action]. PMID- 7297867 TI - [Formation of the mode of thinking of the health officer]. PMID- 7297866 TI - [Physical capacity of school children depending on intragroup growth rates]. PMID- 7297868 TI - [Deontological procedures in realizing a preventive health inspection]. PMID- 7297869 TI - [Occupational deontological training of the health officer]. PMID- 7297872 TI - [Determination of the role of individual factors in the complex effect of the environment on population health]. PMID- 7297870 TI - [Computational determination of the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7297871 TI - [Composition of the thermal breakdown products of biologically active compounds as atmospheric pollutants]. PMID- 7297873 TI - [Determination of furadan and its metabolites in air by thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 7297874 TI - [Determination of meturin in air]. PMID- 7297875 TI - [Determination of the trace element content in geothermal water by emission spectrum analysis]. PMID- 7297876 TI - [Method of determining the cumulative effect in poisonings]. PMID- 7297877 TI - [Graphic correction test method for studying hand tremor in younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 7297878 TI - [Main component method in hygienic research on polymeric materials]. PMID- 7297879 TI - [Laboratory and field studies of tricot underwear containing polyamide fibers]. PMID- 7297880 TI - [Method of calculating the necessary size of a health-protection zone for thermoelectric power plants and boiler houses]. PMID- 7297881 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the complex of water-conservation measures in a commercial sea port]. PMID- 7297882 TI - [Use of dithizone for the photometric determination of zineb in air]. PMID- 7297883 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of dimethylacetamide in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7297884 TI - [Establishment of the lighting levels for schoolchildren with decreased near visual acuity]. PMID- 7297885 TI - [Certification of an index]. PMID- 7297886 TI - [Establishment of the average daily maximum permissible concentration of ammonium nitrate in the air of populated places]. PMID- 7297887 TI - [Biological action of polymeric materials used in the manufacture of shoes]. PMID- 7297888 TI - [Data on a hygienic standard for wolfram in the air]. PMID- 7297889 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration in a single exposure to butylacrylate in the atmosphere]. PMID- 7297890 TI - [Medical occupational guidance of construction brigade students as a factor in preventing morbidity and raising work productivity]. PMID- 7297891 TI - [Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract of the 232Pu and 241Am contained in meat products]. PMID- 7297892 TI - [Effect of atmospheric pollution on the chromosome apparatus of human somatic cells]. PMID- 7297893 TI - [Modern technology and the health of workers]. PMID- 7297894 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the working conditions in plasma and mechanical metalworking]. PMID- 7297895 TI - [Ergonomic evaluation of floor-polishing machines]. PMID- 7297896 TI - [Working conditions and the course of pregnancy, labor and the puerperium in workers in chemical reagent manufacture]. PMID- 7297897 TI - [Characteristics of the health standard for nicotinic acid dust in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7297898 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the toxicity of slag-forming mixtures]. PMID- 7297899 TI - [Health and hygiene evaluation of low-frequency vibrations occurring at work sites of operators of self-propelled agricultural machinery]. PMID- 7297900 TI - [Effect of ethyl alcohol on ethylene chlorohydrin toxicity indices]. PMID- 7297902 TI - [Determination of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood by gas chromatography]. PMID- 7297901 TI - [Comparative study of the fluorine content of the biological tissues of aluminum plant workers]. PMID- 7297903 TI - [Results of research into the industrial hygiene of railroad transport under the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 7297904 TI - [Comparative toxicological evaluation of the combustion products of multicomponent textiles with a wool and synthetic fiber base]. PMID- 7297905 TI - [Experimental data on establishing the maximum permissible concentration of furyl alcohol in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7297906 TI - [Mycological examination of workers engaged in the manufacture of a protein and vitamin concentrate]. PMID- 7297907 TI - [Comparative study of the toxicity of 2-hydroxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid by various routes of intake into the body]. PMID- 7297908 TI - [Apparatus and methods for intravital measurements of the 210Pb content of the human body]. PMID- 7297909 TI - [Hygienic standard for infrasound in industry]. PMID- 7297910 TI - Effect of carbenoxolone on the synthesis of glycoproteins and DNA in rat gastric epithelial cells. AB - The influence of carbenoxolone on the synthesis of glycoproteins in the surface mucous cells and the production of new cells in the rat gastric mucosa was studied by means of a vascular perfusion system. The rate of incorporation of tritiated galactose, glucosamine, serine, and sulphate in surface mucous cells, studied by autoradiography, was not affected by the addition of carbenoxolone to the drinking water. The sugar composition (determined by gas-liquid chromatography) of the gastric glycoproteins (isolated by centrifugation in CsCl), was not changed in carbenoxolone-treated rats. Compared with untreated animals, the number of [3H]-thymidine labelled nuclei per fundic pit increased by 38% to 76% in carbenoxolone-treated rats, implying a higher number of mitotically active cells. This results in an increased supply of young mucous cells; if this also proves to be true in human gastric mucosa, it may be relevant to the therapeutic effect of carbenoxolone. PMID- 7297911 TI - Effect of cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis plasma on the movement and retention of 45Ca2+ and 35SO42- in guinea-pig stomach and small intestine. AB - The effect of cystic fibrosis plasma on the net fluxes of 45Ca2+ and 35SO42- across the guinea-pig stomach and small intestine was investigated, using an automatic short-circuit current apparatus. A significant increase in net fluxes across the stomach and small intestine for 45Ca2+ in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma was observed. There was an increase in net flux for 35SO42- across the stomach in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma when compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma. However, there was a more highly significant increase in net fluxes for 35SO42- across the small intestine in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma when compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma. The amount of 45Ca2+ activity retained by the stomach and small intestine is more highly significant in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma than in the presence of non-cystic fibrosis plasma. The retention of 35SO42- activity by the stomach and small intestine in the presence of cystic fibrosis plasma when compared with non-cystic fibrosis plasma was also highly significant. These findings indicate that cystic fibrosis plasma increases the net fluxes and raises retention of 45Ca2+ and 35SO42- in guinea-pig stomach and small intestine. PMID- 7297912 TI - Changes in potential difference across the human buccal mucosa with buffered or unbuffered aspirin and salicylate. AB - The potential difference (PD) across the gastric mucosa is an index of mucosal integrity, and is lowered by topical application of irritants such as aspirin. There are basic similarities in the PD across the buccal and gastric mucosae, and we have therefore investigated the actions of various salicylates in buffered or un-buffered solution on buccal PD in human subjects. Aspirin (at pH 2) and soluble aspirin (pH 4.4) applied topically reduced buccal PD, but this fall was abolished by buffering to pH 7. Sodium salicylate likewise reduced buccal PD at pH 4 and pH 6, but not when buffered to pH 7. Two other soluble aspirin mixtures also reduced buccal PD, indicating insufficient buffering capacity to prevent topical irritancy. Ingestion of aspirin (600 mg), avoiding topical contact with the buccal mucosa, did not alter buccal PD. Paracetamol applied topically likewise failed to reduce buccal PD. Measurement of buccal PD may be useful in the preliminary assessment of the gastrointestinal irritation provoked by anti inflammatory and other compounds. PMID- 7297913 TI - Cytopathic effects in cultures inoculated with material from Crohn's disease. AB - Rectal biopsy homogenates, faecal samples, and leucocyte rich plasma obtained from 39 patients were inoculated into tissue cultures. A non-transmissible cytopathic effect was observed in cultures inoculated with material from patients with Crohn's disease. In a blind study this cytopathic effect was observed in three specimens from three patients with Crohn's disease, in six specimens from four patients with ulcerative colitis, and six specimens from five patients with upper gastrointestinal disease. The cytopathic effect is unlikely to be associated with the bowel diseases tested. These results are also consistent with the failure of others to isolate a virus by the techniques used. With the limited range of techniques used no evidence was obtained to implicate conventional viruses in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. PMID- 7297914 TI - Electrochemical detector for breath hydrogen determination: measurement of small bowel transit time in normal subjects and patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - A method is described for the measurement of hydrogen in expired air, using an electrochemical detector. The apparatus is simple to use and sensitive. Its application is illustrated by studies of small bowel transit time made by measuring the time between oral ingestion of the unabsorbable carbohydrate lactulose and a rise in the concentration of hydrogen in expired air. In 20 control subjects transit time was 93.0 +/- 6.6 minutes, while in 16 patients with diarrhoea due to the irritable bowel syndrome it was 54.1 +/- 6.3 minutes (P less than 0.001), suggesting an abnormality in small intestinal motility in these patients. Loperamide, a potent antidiarrhoeal agent, increased transit time in 12 of these patients from 56.3 +/- 6.7 to 100.0 +/- 10.2 minutes (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7297915 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. AB - Circulating immune complexes were found in 15 of 16 patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to viral hepatitis and all of six patients who had had halothane anaesthesia; however, they were found in only five of 32 patients with paracetamol-induced hepatic necrosis. The levels of circulating immune complexes were not related to the severity of the clinical course, development of renal failure, final outcome, or severity of hypocomplementaemia. All the patients had depressed reticuloendothelial function as assessed by the clearance of 125I microaggregated albumin. These findings show that circulating immune complexes in fulminant hepatic failure are not simply a reflection of an immune response to liver antigens released as a result of the hepatic necrosis; nor are they a reflection of the failure of the reticuloendothelial system. This supports the view that circulating immune complexes are associated with immune mediated liver injury and may contribute to the process. PMID- 7297916 TI - Endotoxin and liver diseases. High titres of enterobacterial common antigen antibodies in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - We have measured antibodies to the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) in sera of 86 patients with various liver diseases. ECA is a component of the cell wall of all enteric bacteria, and ECA antibodies are a specific indication of the presence of enterobacterial components. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis with or without signs of alcoholic hepatitis had significantly raised anti-ECA titres compared with healthy control subjects. Other groups of patients (alcoholic hepatitis and/or fatty liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, or liver metastases) did not differ significantly from controls in the height of their anti-ECA titres. The results support the concept that Gram negative bacterial components may have some role in the pathophysiology of alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 7297917 TI - Proximal gastric vagotomy after five years. AB - A follow-up of 93 patients with chronic duodenal ulceration treated by proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage five to nine years previously shows a high incidence of confirmed recurrent ulceration of 16.1%. In addition, there have been patients with transient recurrent ulceration, and a small group with persistent dyspeptic symptoms but in whom no ulcer has been demonstrated. The operation is commendable for its lack of side-effects, but the high incidence of recurrent or persistent symptoms may lead to some reservations about its general application in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration. PMID- 7297918 TI - Vascular perfusion of the isolated rat stomach with a fluorocarbon emulsion. AB - A constant-pressure system using a fluorocarbon (FC-75) containing artificial medium was used for vascular perfusion of the isolated rat stomach. A 10% emulsion of FC-75 in a modified Tyrode solution, containing 3.5% bovine serum albumin, amino acids, nucleosides, and beta-hydroxybutyrate appeared to allow an adequate perfusion for at least seven hours. The following criteria were used to estimate for functional state of the perfused stomach: (1) venous flow, (2) oxygen consumption, (3) leakage from the blood vessels to the gastric lumen, (4) ultrastructure, (5) secretion of H+ and pepsinogen after stimulation, and (6) transport of labelled macromolecules. During perfusion oxygen consumption and venous flow remained, after an initial high value, constant for at least seven hours. Leakage from the vascular bed was absent. Ultrastructure was preserved for at least seven hours. Administration of pilocarpine led to secretion of HCl ad pepsinogen. Pentagastrin and histamine stimulated HCl secretion in only some of the preparations. [3H]-galactose was incorporated into macromolecules and transported from the Golgi-region towards the apex of the cell. These observations led to the conclusion that the described vascular perfusion system in at least an appropriate model for studying glycoprotein synthesis. PMID- 7297919 TI - Effect of loperamide and naloxone on gastric acid secretion in healthy man. AB - The effect of acute oral administration of three different doses (4, 8, and 16 mg) of loperamide, a peripheral opiate agonist, on basal and submaximal pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was evaluated in healthy volunteers. Both basal and stimulated gastric secretion were significantly lowered by 8 and 16 mg of the drug in comparison with a control study, while 4 mg was ineffective. Naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist, decreased slightly but not significantly both basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion, when infused intravenously at the rate of 30 micrograms/kg/h, but completely abolished the inhibitory effect of loperamide on gastric acidity. These data also suggest that opiates may be involved in the regulation of gastric acid secretion in man by acting at a peripheral site, as loperamide does not cross the blood brain barrier. PMID- 7297920 TI - Effect of long-term treatment with cimetidine and antacids in Barrett's oesophagus. AB - The effect of a long-term treatment (one to two years) with cimetidine (1.6 g per day) and an antacid (Regla pH) was evaluated in nine patients with a Barrett's oesophagus. The results showed that such long-term treatment had a beneficial effect on the symptoms and endoscopic signs of oesophagitis and on the healing of a Barrett's ulcer, but did not result in a regression of the squamocolumnar junction back towards the cardia. No significant changes were observed in the histological epithelial types in the biopsies taken below the squamocolumnar junction. No clinical or biochemical side-effects or changes in biochemical parameters were noted during this study. PMID- 7297921 TI - Dose response inhibition in man of meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion by 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2, given orally. AB - 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 was given orally to healthy male volunteers. Thirty minutes later a 10% peptone meal was introduced into the stomach, and the acid response was measured by continuous intragastric titration with 0.5 N NaOH for the next two hours. The prostaglandin inhibited acid output in a dose dependent manner; the ED50 (dose inhibiting acid output by 50%) was as little as 10 micrograms per subject (or approximately 140 ng/kg). This compound is the most potent orally active inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in man that is known. It is likely that the antisecretory and cytoprotective properties shared by 15(R)-15 methyl prostaglandin E2 would be beneficial in the treatment of peptic ulcer and in preventing recurrences. PMID- 7297922 TI - Inhibition of canine duodenal interdigestive myoelectric complex by nutrient perfusion of jejunal and ileal Thirty-Vella loops. AB - The mechanisms by which the intestinal interdigestive myoelectric complex (IDMEC), recurring at about 90 minute intervals in the fasted dog, is disrupted by feeding remain unknown. We investigated whether the IDMEC could be disrupted in the duodenum by perfusing a Thiry-Vella loop with glucose in the dog. An intestinal Thiry-Vella loop, measuring one half (80 to 160 cm) of the total length of the small bowel was constructed in four dogs from the jejunum, and in four other dogs from the ileum. Extracellular nichrome electrodes were sewn on the duodenum for recording the electrical activity of the intestine. After three weeks' recovery, electrical recordings were performed in the fasted dogs in order to observe whether the IDMEC persisted in the duodenum when the Thiry-Vella loops were perfused, at different days, for four hours with solutions made of either (1) NaCl 154 mM, (2) NaCl 308 mM, (3) glucose 300 mM, or (4) glucose 600 mM, at a rate of 8 ml/min. NaCl 308 mM and glucose 600 mM were also delivered at a rate of 4 ml/min. Glucose output from the Thiry-Vella loops was measured throughout the experiments over consecutive five minute intervals. Each experiment was performed three times in each dog. The results showed that perfusing the Thiry-Vella loops with NaCl 154 mM or NaCl 308 mM did not suppress the IDMEC in the duodenum whether the flow rate was 4 or 8 ml/min. On the contrary, perfusing the jejunal loops with glucose 300 mM disrupted the IDMEC in 54% of the experiments; perfusing glucose 600 mM disrupted the IDMEC in 83% of the experiments. In the ileal Thiry-Vella loop experiments, the IDMEC was disrupted in 33% of the cases with glucose 300 mM and in 66% of the cases with 600 mM. No significant difference was observed with glucose 300 mM delivered at a rate of 8 ml/min and glucose 600 mM delivered at a rate of 4 ml/min. Finally, the inhibitory effect of perfusing the Thiry-Vella loops with glucose increased as the amount of absorbed glucose increased. These results indicate that interruption of the IDMEC by feeding probably involves extraintestinal factors. These factors do not seem to be specific for any one part of the small intestine, but they seem to be activated by intestinal absorption. PMID- 7297923 TI - Peripheral, mucosal, and tumour-infiltrating components of cellular immunity in cancer of the large bowel. AB - A reliable technique has been devised for the preparation of colorectal tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). The immune capacity of these lymphocytes has been assessed in vitro and compared with that of lymphocytes infiltrating the lamina propria of adjacent normal mucosa (LPL) and with autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Assay of a natural killer (NK) cell function revealed the absence of such activity in TIL and LPL depsite the presence of normal levels in PBL. Antibody-dependent (K cell) cytotoxic activity was also absent in TIL and LPL. Both TIL and LPL showed significant mitogen-induced cytotoxic responses, although higher levels were detected in PBL. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes revealed depressed levels of spontaneous DNA synthesis, but mitogen stimulation of TIL was equivalent to that of LPL. T-cell proportions in TIL preparations were equivalent to those in PBL, but LPL comprised significantly fewer T cells. PMID- 7297924 TI - Prognosis of carcinoma in ulcerative colitis. AB - Between 1947 and 1980, 67 patients with carcinoma complicating ulcerative colitis were treated at St Mark's Hospital. The tumours in these patients were compared with those in 4817 patients without colitis seen over the same period. There was a higher proportion of inoperable and high grade tumours in the colitic group but the prognosis was found to be very similar in patients with and without colitis. PMID- 7297925 TI - Lymphadenopathy in coeliac disease. AB - We present two cases of adult coeliac disease whose major clinical feature was marked lymphadenopathy. One patient also displayed a peripheral lymphocytosis which varied with treatment of the underlying disease. PMID- 7297926 TI - Treatment of chronic erosive gastritis with prednisolone. AB - Short-term oral prednisolone was successfully used in the treatment of four patients with chronic erosive gastritis which had failed to respond to conventional therapies. Symptomatic improvement occurred in all patients during the first week of treatment. Gastroduodenoscopy after two weeks showed that the erosions had healed. Remission has continued in these four patients for two, seven, eight, and nine months without maintenance therapy. This limited uncontrolled study suggests the corticosteroids may be of benefit in patients with chronic erosive gastritis who fail to respond to conventional treatment. PMID- 7297927 TI - Prognostic factors in stage I Carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7297928 TI - The use of computerized tomography to obviate celiotomy in recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7297929 TI - The management of ovarian-cancer-caused bowel obstruction. PMID- 7297930 TI - Radioactive chromic phosphate suspension: studies on distribution, dose absorption, and effective therapeutic radiation in phantoms, dogs, and patients. PMID- 7297931 TI - Surface cells and inclusion cysts in fetal ovaries. PMID- 7297932 TI - An unusual case of unilateral ureteral obstruction. PMID- 7297933 TI - Human leukocyte antigen patterns in a family with cervical cancer. PMID- 7297934 TI - Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for carcinoma of the vulva. PMID- 7297935 TI - Lymphatic metastasis in apparently early carcinoma of the ovary. PMID- 7297936 TI - Meaning of the word erosion. PMID- 7297937 TI - Abdominal radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissections for cancer of the cervix. The Okabayashi operation its modifications. AB - The original Wertheim operation for cancer of the cervix has been modified by Latzko, Okabayashi, Meigs and other gynecologist. The modified methods are called the extended Wertheim methods or the Latzko-Okabayashi-Meigs operation. Although the sequence of the operative steps differs, the Latzko and the Okabayashi operations are similar in the exposure of the spaces between the three main sections of taut connective tissue which supports the organs of the small pelvis. By contrast, both methods differ in the divisions of the superficial and deep layers of the vesicouterine ligament. The procedure for resection of the vesicouterine ligament described by Okabayashi, especially for complete separation of the deep layer of the ligament, enables to perform an extensive resection of the vesicouterine ligament and the lateral paravaginal tissue and to transect the vagina sufficiently at the required level as far as necessary. The present paper describes the original and modified Okabayashi operation in comparison with the extended Wertheim methods by Latzko and Meigs. PMID- 7297938 TI - Influence of routine administration of folic acid and iron during pregnancy. AB - Haematological and folic acid status were assessed in 200 women in the 6th month of pregnancy. Folic acid deficiencies with no or little haematological impairment were found in one third of the cases, and their occurrence increased when the socioeconomic level was low. During the last trimester of pregnancy, the women were given either iron alone or iron and folic acid supplementation. In the mothers, the rise of folate values in serum and red blood cells, in the folic acid-supplemented group, had no obvious haematological consequences, showing that iron therapy alone can, in developed countries, prevent the anaemia in pregnancy. In the infants, there was no difference in the haematological indices, whatever the mothers' treatment had been. However, a significant difference appeared for the gestational age and, therefore, the height and weight. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy increased its duration by virtually 1 week. PMID- 7297940 TI - [Palestinian viper bite]. PMID- 7297939 TI - [Radiographic aspects of osteoid osteoma in childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 7297941 TI - [Periodic and pseudoperiodic paroxysmal EEG discharges]. PMID- 7297942 TI - [Acute tamponade due to primary mesothelioma of the pericardium]. PMID- 7297943 TI - [Acute acalculous cholecystitis after aortorenal bypass]. PMID- 7297945 TI - [Progressive supranuclear palsy with normal pressure hydrocephalus]. PMID- 7297944 TI - [Cardiac reaction to vincristine]. PMID- 7297946 TI - [Shy-Drager syndrome]. PMID- 7297948 TI - [Esophageal ulceration caused by tetracycline]. PMID- 7297947 TI - [Subdural empyema complicating acute paranasal sinusitis]. PMID- 7297949 TI - [Hypernephroma in children]. PMID- 7297951 TI - [Hamartoma of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7297950 TI - [Systemic side effects of topical timolol]. PMID- 7297953 TI - [Primary orthostatic hypotension]. PMID- 7297952 TI - [Open heart surgery--past, present and future]. PMID- 7297955 TI - [Long term follow-up of patients recovering from acute respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 7297954 TI - [Is bicarbonate needed in shock treatment?]. PMID- 7297956 TI - [Extracranial-intracranial arterial anastomosis for occlusive cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 7297959 TI - [Effects of 4'ethyl-2-methyl-3-piperidinopropiophenone on experimental rigidity and spinal cord activities (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of 4'ethyl-2-methyl-3-piperidonopropiophenone hydrochloride (EMPP) on experimental rigidities in rats and spinal cord activities in cats were studied. EMPP in a dose range of 1.25 approximately 10 mg/kg i.v. reduced EMG spikes of the intercollicular decerebrate rigidity and anemic decerebrate rigidity in rats. In alpha-chloralose anesthetized cats, EMPP in a dose range of 2.5 approximately 10 mg/kg i.v. caused a dose-related inhibition of the flexor reflex without any effect on the patellar reflex. In spinal cats, 2.5 approximately 10 mg/kg of EMPP caused a dose-related inhibition of the flexor reflex but the potency was less than that in anesthetized cats. Oral administration of EMPP 100 approximately 200 mg/kg produced a selective inhibition of the flexor reflex and the effect was twice as potent as tolperisone and chlormezanone. On the other hand, EMPP at 2.5 approximately 10 mg/kg i.v. which had little effect on the patellar reflex inhibited both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex potentials recorded from the ventral root to the same extent and also depressed dorsal root reflex potential recorded from the dorsal root in spinal cats. EMPP reduced the frequency of spontaneous gamma-motoneurone discharges in spinal cats, but had no appreciable effect on GIa discharges from muscle spindle of the triceps surae muscle. These results indicate that EMPP reduces alpha- and gamma-efferent activities and that EMPP exerts a marked inhibitory effect on spinal cord activities acting on the spinal cord and supraspinal structures. PMID- 7297957 TI - [Effect of drug-administration on physiological function of hemoglobin (author's transl)]. AB - Hemoglobin and cytochrome P-450 have in common heme structure (i.e. protoporphyrin (IX), binding ability to molecular oxygen or carbon monoxide and enzyme-like activity (i.e. aniline hydroxylation; J.B.C. 251 3442, 1976). We have already reported the interactions between hemoglobin and several drugs, aminopyrine, aniline and steroid hormones, as determined from the spectral changes of hemoglobin. Similar results were obtained with many other drugs. Difference spectra of methemoglobin induced by most chemicals tested had a trough at 402 approximately 403 nm and a peak at 420 approximately 430 nm. Methanol and ethanol formed a peak at 403 nm and a trough at 420 nm. Difference spectra of oxyhemoglobin induced by most chemicals tested had a peak at 400 approximately 403 nm and a trough at 420 nm. Each of steroid hormones and amino acids tested induced a characteristic spectral change of methemoglobin or oxyhemoglobin. The effect of drug-administration on oxygen affinity of hemoglobin was then examined. We measured oxygen half saturation pressure (P50) using whole blood or purified hemoglobin. Addition of meclofenoxate HCl, PAS-Na and IHMS to purified hemoglobin solution increased P50. Whole blood samples, before and one hour after drug administration, from 33 inpatients, 13 outpatients and 20 normal subjects (not on drug-administration) were used to determine delta P50 of 12 outpatients were within normal range (-0.5 approximately +0.5 mmHg). Those of 14 inpatients, however, were distributed out of range. The determination of delta P50 may be useful as a screening test for inappropriate drug-administration. PMID- 7297958 TI - [Effects of mecamylamine and pempidine, secondary and tertiary amines, on the spinal reflex of cats (author's transl)]. AB - The ganglionic blocking effects of the secondary and tertiary amines, mecamylamine and pempidine, on the spinal reflex of cats of both sexes were investigated. These blocking effects were then compared with findings in the quaternary ammonium compounds such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) and decamethonium (C10). Mecamylamine (5 mg/kg) and pempidine (1 mg/kg) inhibited spinal reflex potentials such as the monosynaptic reflex (MSR), the polysynaptic reflex (PSR) and the dorsal root reflex (DRR). Maximal inhibition occurred 40 min after intravenous administration these drugs. In the case of mecamylamine, the inhibited potentials recovered gradually after reaching the maximum inhibition. However, the inhibitory effect of pempidine was prolonged, and recovery of the potentials did not occur for 6 min or longer. Although 10 mg/kg of C10 and 0.025 mg/kg of nicotine transiently inhibited the MSR and PSR, these compounds had no effect on the DDR. TEA produced prolonged inhibition of the MSR and PSR, and slightly enhanced the DRR. These results demonstrated the differences in DRR responses to secondary and tertiary amines, and quaternary ammoniums. PMID- 7297960 TI - [Effects of cis-N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4 methylaminobenzamide (YM-09151-2) on operant avoidance responses in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of cis-N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4 methylaminobenzamide (YM-09151-2), a newly synthesized psychotropic agent, on avoidance responses in rats under a Sidman-type avoidance situation (R - 3 = 30 sec, S - S = 5 sec) and discriminated-type avoidance situation (ITI = 25 sec, CS duration = 5 sec) were investigated. The results were compared with the findings obtained in the case of YM-08050, YM-08051 and sulpiride, benzamide derivatives having similar chemical structures as YM-09151-2, and with the effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol. After administration of YM-09151-2 (0.0025 - 0.01 mg/kg s.c. or 0.2 - 1.6 mg/kg p.o.), we observed a dose-related suppression of the avoidance responses, which attained to the maximum at 2 - 3 hr and persisted for about 24 hr. The average avoidance-suppressing and anti-amphetamine effects during the 2 hr session were in the order of YM-09151-2, YM-08050, haloperidol, YM-08051, chlorpromazine and sulpiride, when these agents were given s.c. Here, the avoidance-suppressing effects of YM-09151-2 were estimated to be 94-137 times as potent as those of chlorpromazine, and 4-37 times as those of haloperidol. After p.o. administration, the suppressing effects on the Sidman-type avoidance response were in the order of YM-08050, YM-08051, haloperidol, YM-09151-2, chlorpromazine and sulpiride, and on the discriminated-type one in the order of YM-08050, YM-09151-2, haloperidol, YM-08051, chlorpromazine and sulpiride. The present results suggest that YM-09151-2 has a more potent avoidance-suppressing effect when it is administered s.c., while the effect is as potent as that of haloperidol when given p.o. The effect appears rapidly and persists for about 24 hr after either s.c. or p.o. administration. PMID- 7297961 TI - [Pharmacologic studies on Ro 12-0068, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacological profile of Ro 12-0068 as a new anti-inflammatory agent has been established in 9 different animal models and was compared with the profiles of 10 reference drugs. In adjuvant arthritis, scald-related edema and bradykinin induced capillary permeability tests, the inhibitory potency of Ro 12-0068 was greater than findings in the case of diclofenac sodium which was the most potent agent available, while Ro 12-0068 exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on granuloma formation than did indomethacin. Anti-inflammatory potency of Ro 12 0068 in other models was equivalent to that of piroxicam. Ro 12-0068 was categorized as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and was grouped with diclofenac sodium, indomethacin and piroxicam, as compared to rather weak agents such as naproxen, carprofen, phenylbutazone, flufenamic, mefenamic, and acetylsalicylic acids. In fasting rats, ulcerogenicity of Ro 12-0068 in the gastric glandular and duodenal portions was weaker than that of indomethacin, appeared to be less than that of piroxicam and was equivalent to that of diclofenac sodium. Induction of fecal occult bleeding in dogs was markedly greater in case of indomethacin and piroxicam than with Ro 12-0068, within few days after oral treatment. Ro 12-0068 and piroxicam had much the same inhibitory effect on prostaglandin synthesis of inflammatory tissues and exudates from gastro-intestinal tissues. Nevertheless, therapeutic indices of Ro 12-0068 in rats were larger than those of piroxicam, in all models, and those of indomethacin in most cases. These results strongly suggest that Ro 12-0068 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent and that the occurrences of related gastro-intestinal disturbances are fewer. PMID- 7297962 TI - [Bronchodilator actions of diltiazem in vitro and in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - Bronchodilator effects of diltiazem were investigated in the isolated guinea pig tracheal chain and in the anesthetized cat. Interaction of diltiazem with isoproterenol (iso) was also examined. Diltiazem (10(-4) g/ml) relaxed by 70% the tracheal chain contracted by histamine, 10(-5) g/ml. This effect of diltiazem was not affected by pretreatment with propranolol, 3 X 10(8) g/ml. Diltiazem (400 microgram/kg, i.v.) diminished by 20% the elevation of intratracheal pressure induced by serotonin aerosol, the effect of which lasted for approximately 20 min. On the other hand, diltiazem (10(-5) g/ml) produced no influence on the iso induced relaxation of the guinea pig trachea. In the anesthetized dog, diltiazem (20 microgram/kg/min, i.v.) did not affect the iso-induced bronchodilation when histamine was used as a spasmogen, while the positive chronotropic action of iso was diminished. On the contrary, propranolol (30 microgram/kg, i.v.) potentiated the bronchoconstrictor effect of histamine and suppressed both the bronchodilating and positive chronotropic actions of iso. Thus, the effects of diltiazem differed from those of propranolol. In summary, diltiazem showed bronchodilation both in vitro and in vivo, although the activity was not so potent, With regard to the iso-induced bronchodilation, diltiazem had no effect at a dose which diminished the positive chronotropic action of iso. PMID- 7297963 TI - Types of injuries and interrelated conditions of victims and assailants in attempted and homicidal strangulation. PMID- 7297964 TI - HLA investigations in paternity cases showing incompatible homozygosity. PMID- 7297966 TI - Diagnosis of drowning by investigation of left heart blood. PMID- 7297965 TI - [Morphometrical examinations in cases of stenosing coronary sclerosis and their importance for evaluation of competing causes of death (author's transl)]. AB - Coronary sclerosis is generally supposed to be the most important factor for coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction and coronary heart death. Stenosing coronary sclerosis may be postmortally documented by angiography and morphometry. It is possible to obtain sufficient morphological data to suggest acute cardiac insufficiency, if the maximum grade of stenoses as a functional parameter and the heart weight are regarded in addition to the quantitative results of the three main branches of the coronary arteries (lumen and intima areas). Generally the cardiac results of autopsy are used individually and subjectively for the explanation of the cause of death. The conclusiveness of these results of autopsy depends on the circumstances of death and the existence of further pathological findings. Competing causes of death may exist in the form of illnesses, injuries, alcoholic and drug effects, physical strain and emotional stress or medical provisions. The quantitative valuation of the cardiac findings with a critical limit for an acute coronary death permits a more exact interpretation of such competing causes of death. This method of examination may also reveal an unpresumed competing cause of death, for example an intoxication. This was demonstrated by four autopsy cases. PMID- 7297967 TI - A family with unusual Kell genotypes. PMID- 7297968 TI - Accidental methylene chloride fatality. PMID- 7297969 TI - Diabetes mellitus and hypopituitarism. AB - A 38-year-old diabetic woman developed hyponatraemia and fatal non-ketotic coma after elective cholecystectomy. At the autopsy, it was revealed that the immediate cause of death was cerebral oedema with secondary pontine haemorrhage. The cerebral oedema was associated with severe hyponatraemia and atrophy of the endocrine organs, including the adrenal glands. Biochemical analysis of serum taken immediately before death indicated that the primary defect was pituitary insufficiency, a recognised but rare complication of diabetes. PMID- 7297970 TI - A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin in blood. AB - The spectrophotometric method for the determination of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in blood reported by Fretwurst and Meinecke was modified so as to give the same values of percentage HbCO (HbCO%) as those determined by the oxygen electrode method. Values of HbCO% of nine practical samples determined by both the oxygen electrode method and the present method were nearly identical regardless of the presence of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) in blood. The present method is suitable for forensic practice. PMID- 7297972 TI - Sensitive fluorometric detection of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase from bloodstains for the forensic diagnosis of pregnancy. AB - Sensitive and simple procedures are established for the forensic pregnancy test from bloodstains. This paper describes new techniques based on heat stability of placental alkaline phosphatase. In this study the total and heat-stable alkaline phosphatase activities were determined using 4-methylumbelliferyl-phosphate as substrate. The ratio of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase to total alkaline phosphatase was calculated. A more simple screening test which was visible by exposure to UV light is described. These may be helpful in the diagnosis of pregnancy from only a slight bloodstain. PMID- 7297971 TI - A comparative study of analytical methods to determine postmortem changes in carbon monoxide concentration. AB - Twenty-one autopsy blood samples were analyzed using spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic procedures after storage for 30 and 150 days. When carboxyhemoglobin was measured spectrophotometrically at the absorbance ratio of 540 nm/555 nm, the observed average percent losses were 8 +/- 9% and 35 +/- 27% after 30 and 150 days of storage, respectively. When measured at the absorbance ratio of 540 nm/579 nm, the average percent losses of carboxyhemoglobin were 7 +/ 8% and 34 +/- 25% after 30 and 150 days, respectively. Wavelength shifts and distorted spectral scans were observed at 150 days. When carbon monoxide was determined by gas chromatographic methods based on combining capacity, the average percent loss was 15 +/- 24% and 37 +/- 36% after 30 days and 150 days, respectively. The average percent loss of calculated CO based on hemoglobin concentration after 30 days was 31 +/- 14% and at 150 days, 40 +/- 24%. The average percent loss of calculated CO based on iron content was 23 +/- 13% and 37 +/- 23% after 30 and 150 days, respectively. PMID- 7297973 TI - [Chronically ill adults in the family]. PMID- 7297975 TI - [Drug interactions between cardiac and circulatory drugs. Cardiac glycosides, anti-arrhythmia agents, sympathomimetics]. PMID- 7297974 TI - [Diagnosis of space-occupying renal processes: sonography and aimed fine-needle biopsy]. AB - It is reported on 3 cases in which by sonographic examination a tumorous process could be established. In all cases the additional investigation by fine needle biopsy and cytological examination proved the presence of malignant cells. This local renal process proved by sonography could be verified neither by i.v. pyelographic nor arteriographic methods. For two patients the diagnosis based on sonography, fine needle puncture and cytological test could be verified by operation. The third patient was not operated in spite of malignant cells in the cytogram because of negative computer tomography provided by an external hospital. PMID- 7297976 TI - [Possible mechanisms of peripheral stimulation analgesia. Neurophysiologic and neuropharmacologic studies]. PMID- 7297977 TI - [Stress-ECG after myocardial infarct. Does myocardial infarct reduce the significance of stress ECG in the diagnosis of severe stenosis of the anterior interventricular ramus, the diagonal ramus and the marginal ramus of the coronary artery]. AB - 41 patients with inferior myocardial infarction underwent both exercise stress testing and coronary arteriography. Coronary arteriography of 15 patients showed high-degree stenosis as well as occlusions of the right coronary artery and/or of the R. circumflexus of the left coronary artery alone. In 14 of these 15 cases exercise stress testing showed a normal result, in one case results were abnormal. However, we detected additional high-degree stenosis of R. interventricularis anterior and/or of R. diagonalis and/or of R. marginalis in the other 26 patients. In 22 of these 26 cases exercise stress testing showed an abnormal result, in 4 cases it was normal. Because of a sensitivy of 84,6% and a specificity of 93,3% we can assume, that abnormal results of exercise stress testing suggest additional high-degree stenosis of the RIVA-vessel system in patient after inferior myocardial infarction. Considering an eventual bypass operation it is possible to narrow the indication for coronary arteriography. PMID- 7297980 TI - [Depression - somatization - suicide. Part 3: Principles of somatologic and psychotherapeutic treatment in ambulatory care. Guided use of psychopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 7297979 TI - [Bomb attack at the Octoberfest, Munich, 1980. Course, analysis, results]. PMID- 7297981 TI - [Drug interactions of cardiovascular agents. Part 2: Antihypertensives, diuretics]. PMID- 7297978 TI - [Current cadmium load in the population. Comparison of cadmium concentrations in the kidney tissue of autopsies from 1969-1980]. AB - Cadmium accumulates in the human kidney. Especially the cadmium-level in the cortex can be used as an indicator of the cadmium-burden. We analyzed tissue samples from 183 inhabitants of Bavaria to determine the amount and the changes in time of cadmium-burden in the general population. Autopsies and analyses were performed in 1969 (collective A: 25 men, 12 women, mean age of death 37.0 and 53.5 years, resp.), 1971/72 (collective B: 52 men, 54 women, mean age of death 65.0 and 66.8 years, resp.) and 1980 (collective C: 26 men, 13 women, mean age of death 37,5 and 52 years, resp.). Only the samples of the collective B were analyzed after separation into renal cortex and medulla. Anamnestic data were obtained from case history, smoking habits were not known in collective A and C. The comparisons of renal cadmium-concentrations during the last decade (1969 1980) did not substantiate an increase of cadmium-burden: Mean cadmium concentrations are in 1969 (collective A) 8.4 and 7.9 micrograms cadmium/g wet weight (collective C) in 1980. The central 66%-ranges of both collectives matched in respect of age, sex, and cause of death. In all samples the values were below the discussed critical cadmium-concentration of 200 micrograms/g renal cortex wet weight. The highest concentration determined was 115 micrograms cadmium/g renal cortex (collective B). Our results further confirm the following: increase of renal cadmium-concentrations in older persons--higher cadmium-levels in renal cortex compared with medulla--and lower renal cadmium-concentrations in women in relation to men. PMID- 7297982 TI - [Ductus arteriosus Botalli persistens in adults with pressure compensation. Clinical symptoms and findings]. PMID- 7297983 TI - [Cardioplegia as a part of myocardial protection]. AB - Pre-, intra- and postoperative myocardial protection improved the success-rate of open heart surgery. As a part of myocardial preservation, cardioplegia is the most important procedure since it influences significantly the ischemic metabolism of the heart during the operative time. PMID- 7297984 TI - [Bone density and thyroid gland function in adolescents in relation to fluoride content of drinking water]. AB - In 26 adolescents between 13--15 years of age living in a region with increased fluoride concentration in drinking water (3 ppm = 3 mg NaF/l) bone density measurements by an I-125 profile scanner as well as measurements of thyroid function by means of numerous in vitro tests (T3U, T4, FT4-Index, RIA-T3, rT3, hTg, TSH, thyroglobulin and microsomal thyroid antibodies) have been done. Comparing 19 adolescents of same age from a region with low fluoride concentration in the drinking water (0,1--0,2 ppm) the study showed no influence of fluoride content of drinking water on skeleton mineralization and on thyroid function. There was found only--not depending on fluoride concentration--an increased bone density in females that was interpreted as a physiological difference between males and females. PMID- 7297985 TI - [Measurement of work and employment disability]. PMID- 7297986 TI - [The liver and the "pill." Part 1: Disorders of bile secretion and vessel changes]. PMID- 7297987 TI - [Osteochondrosis tibiae - Blount disease]. PMID- 7297988 TI - [Therapy of inoperable chondrosarcoma with radioactive sulfur]. PMID- 7297989 TI - [Significance of uric acid concentration in the serum for the early recognition of the risk of EPH gestosis]. AB - 102 patients with EPH-gestosis in different stages of severity and 29 patients with normal pregnancy were examined regularly in a longitudinal study. 54 clinical and laboratory parameters were continuously measured. The concentration of uric acid in serum has proven to be the most important parameter in the early detection of the risk of gestosis. This serum concentration correlates with blood pressure and in individual cases shown to be of additional predictive value. Significant differences, compared to normal pregnancy, exist already in the 17th to the 24th week. Until now these differences had been described for a much later period. Other laboratory parameters have not been useful at this early stage in the detection of likely development of EPH-gestosis. Hyperuricemia is primarily due to the isolated reduction of uric acid clearance by normal glomerular filtration rate. Thus it is assumed that hyperuricemia is an indication of renal cortical blood flow dysfunction which parallels the decreased perfusion of the placenta. PMID- 7297990 TI - [Phagocytosis activity of the isolated perfused liver in rats of different ages. Biochemical and ultrastructural examination after perfusion with colloidal ink]. AB - Liver contains about 85% of reticulohistiocytic system. There are no problems to perfuse the isolated organ. The phagocytic activity was measured of young and old rat livers referred to phagocytosis of colloidal carbon. There is no difference between the phagocytic activity of young and old rat livers. The consumption of oxygen of rat livers increases with age. PMID- 7297991 TI - [Sense and nonsense of abbreviations in medical linguistic usage]. AB - Abbreviations usually being a useful and precious help for understanding achieve yet the reverse as increasing misuse takes place, especially in medical journals. Often understood only by experts in a special field they promote neither the communications between the disciplines nor the cooperation between clinic and practice. Editors of (medical) journals, therefore, are advised to start each contribution with a tabulated glossary and an explanation of the applied abbreviations. PMID- 7297992 TI - [Liver biopsy findings in neurologic diseases with special reference to multiple sclerosis]. AB - The histological results of 112 blind liver biopsies in eight etiologically different neurological diseases are reported in which there was no clinically obvious reason for suspecting a liver disease. An unexpectedly high level of morphological liver changes were found in primary diseases of the central nervous system on one hand, which, on the other showed no specificity for a particular neurological disease group. A direct conclusion on the genesis of the individual neurological disease is, however, not possible from the histopathological picture. If one compares the results of the multiple sclerosis patients with these of patients with other neurological diseases there is a great similarity with the myatrophic lateral sclerosis but also with the infectious diseases of the central nervous system. PMID- 7297993 TI - [Congenital abnormalities--risk, incidence and etiology. Catamnestic studies on causal teratogenesis]. AB - Questionnaires were sent to the mothers of infants with congenital malformations delivered at the Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vienna University Medical School, between 1972 and 1978 and to a group of controls. The response rate was 48%. On evaluation, the incidence of maternal disease and therapeutic drug intake was found to be significantly higher in the group with congenital malformations. In addition, malformations were significantly more common in planned pregnancies. A teratogenetic role of emotional stresses was not verifiable with statistical significance. As inheritance of numerous malformations tends to be multifactorial, endogenous factors were equally considered, but failed to show significant differences. PMID- 7297994 TI - [Drug effects on the newborn, the infant and the school child. 1. Age dependent effects on the organism]. PMID- 7297995 TI - [Urologic emergencies in general practice. 6. Diagnosis in hematuria]. PMID- 7297996 TI - [Quinidine and verapamil combination therapy for the treatment of atrial arrhythmias]. PMID- 7297997 TI - [Therapeutic results in kidney cancer. Prognostic significance of local tumor involvement. Report on experiences]. AB - 179 patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma, who were given surgical treatment, were controlled after operation in order to establish the rate of short time survival and the beginning formation of metastases. A more favorable prognosis can be established for those patients, whose locally confined tumor with cava thrombus was radically removed than for those with lymph node metastases exclusively. Our results tend to justify the radical retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. By eliminating locally confined metastases simultaneously in adjacent organs living quality of the patients might be ameliorated. PMID- 7297998 TI - [The role of cavotomy in the radical surgery of kidney cancer]. AB - During the past 6 years cavotomy was performed in 18 cases of tumor thrombus in the vena cava inferior during radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The technique is described and the role of this procedure is discussed. PMID- 7297999 TI - [Bladder cancer]. PMID- 7298000 TI - [Side effects and interactions of drugs. 1. Tuberculostatics]. PMID- 7298001 TI - [Obturator blockade in transurethral resection of bladder tumors]. PMID- 7298002 TI - [Probability of survival in patients with germinal testicular tumors]. PMID- 7298003 TI - [Therapy of gynecologic urinary tract injuries]. PMID- 7298005 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid- and plasma-catecholamines in normal Japanese men (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298004 TI - [Comparison of the antibacterial effects of gentamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin and amikacin in urinary germs]. AB - We isolated 491 pathogens of urinary tract infections of our urological in patients. Sensitivity against gentamycin, tobramycin, dibekacin and amikacin was tested in vitro. Our data were compared with the statements of the medical literature. It should be pointed out the great fraction of grampositive staphylococci. Their sensitivity rate of 40% against the tested aminoglycosides was remarkably small. Enterococci had a sensitivity rate of 70% against gentamycin, tobramycin and dibekacin. Their sensitivity rate against amikacin was only 20% as expected, because enterococci do not belong to the proper antibiotic spectrum. The four aminoglycosides are highly effective against gramnegative organisms with with no appreciable differences. PMID- 7298006 TI - Myocardial and ventricular function. Part I: Isolated muscle. AB - The force of isometric contraction of cardiac muscle is dependent on the initial muscle length and the contractility. The resting length-tension curve is characterized by a relatively high stiffness of cardiac muscle which can be correlated with the inability to stretch the cardiac sarcomere beyond a length of about 2.2 microns, the length at which the degree of overlap between actin and myosin filaments is optimal for contraction (Lmax). The length-active tension curve shows that an increase in the initial fiber length is associated with an increase in the maximal tension in isometric contractions and an increase in the maximal shortening during unloaded contractions. Increments in resting muscle length are accompanied by proportionate increases in sarcomere length. With active shortening of the sarcomeres tension developed at one muscle length is actually generated at a shorter sarcomere length. Peak isometric force is obtained only with obligatory sarcomere shortening, at the expense of series compliance, during contraction. Developed tension critically depends on sarcomere length at the peak of contractile activity; the final sarcomere length during contraction is primarily determined by the load rather than initial length or mode of shortening. In tetanic contractions, there is no intrinsic difference between isometric and isotonic end-systolic length tension relation. The force velocity relationship helps distinguish two major ways in which cardiac performance may be altered, i.e., changing initial muscle length (the Frank Starling phenomenon) and changing the contractile state, only the latter of which can affect an increase in the maximal velocity. For a given contractile state, the force-velocity-length relationship is unique; preload is pertinent only insofar as it sets the limit of the length range over which shortening can occur. In cardiac muscle the relationship between muscle length and active tension development is not clearly understood in terms of relating sarcomere length and degree of myofilament overlap to force production. With respect to the mechanics of relaxation, the early filling phase of cardiac diastole is primarily determined by the rate of isovolumetric pressure decline, the latter phase is dominated by the resting or diastolic compliance of the ventricular chamber. PMID- 7298007 TI - Myocardial and ventricular function. Part II: Intact heart. AB - Factors affecting the contraction of isolated cardiac muscle, preload, afterload and contractility, in addition to the heart rate, are also the primary determinants of the cardiac output in the intact ventricle. In the intact heart, ventricular end-diastolic wall stress is analogous to the preload and within physiologic limits ultimately determines the resting length of the sarcomeres in the ventricular wall. The relationship between the end-diastolic pressure and the stroke volume can be used to describe ventricular function and the relationship between stroke volume and end-diastolic volume represents the ejection fraction. The stroke volume, in turn, is inversely proportional to the afterload during the ejection phase. Since the afterload decreases during the ejection phase, the contraction of the intact ventricle can be characterized as being auxotonic. The contractility is reflected by the maximum force development as well as rate of shortening. Changes in the contractility represent changes in the ventricular function which are independent of the preload and afterload. Increasing the heart rate has little effect on the stroke volume despite an increase in the contractility. The relationship between pressure, flow and radius can be used to assess ventricular function since this nearly approximates that of the force velocity-length relationship. The stiffness and stiffness constant of the muscle can be derived from the stress-strain relationship while the stiffness of the ventricular chamber may be described by the relationship between pressure and volume. The contractility indexes of the isovolumic phase are, to a certain degree, indicative of the force-velocity-length relationship of the heart muscle. The contractility indexes of the ejection phase are afterload-dependent but correlate well with the contractility of the myocardium. Construction of a line connecting points of end-systolic pressure-volume values corresponds with that of the force-velocity relationship, the slope of which may accurately reflect the ventricular contractility. None of these indexes, however, completely represents the force-velocity-length relationship of the intact heart. At present, the best measurements of contractility combine use of various parameters as well as data obtained from a series of contractions. PMID- 7298008 TI - [Preoperative ventricular function and postoperative exercise hemodynamics in patients with aortic or mitral valve disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298010 TI - Neutral sugar composition of the seromucoid and non-diffusible blood sugar peptide fractions in streptozotocin diabetic rats. PMID- 7298009 TI - Exaggerated glucagon secretion in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with surgical porto-caval anastomosis. AB - Pancreatic glucagon (IRG) levels in the postabsorptive (fasting) state and in response to arginine test (ATT), have been investigated in 17 subjects with porto caval anastomosis (PCA). Out of these, seven subjects were insulin-treated diabetics, 5 were untreated diabetics, and 5 had no evidence of clinical diabetes. Basal and stimulated IRG values in the overall group of PCA subjects were significantly increased in comparison to 14 normal controls. No significant difference was found between the three groups of patients in respect to IRG values. The mean fasting IRG levels, grouped in relation to the age of shunt, were significantly raised six months after surgery. In addition no significant difference in IRG values (fasting or stimulated) was observed in relation to the entity of the liver disease (child degree) or to the type of surgical shunt. Finally, when PCA patients with or without encephalopathy were considered, fasting and peak IRG values were significantly increased in those patients with encephalopathy. PMID- 7298012 TI - Stimulation of nuclear DNA synthesis in perfused rat liver by a specific hepatopoietic factor. PMID- 7298011 TI - Immediate opposite effect of salicylate on thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine versus 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine level in plasma in rats. AB - In a total of 46 male rats polyethylene tubings were introduced into femoral artery and vein under pentobarbiturate anesthesia. Then heparin (300 U kg-1) was injected at 60-90 min after pentobarbiturate and two control blood samples were subsequently taken. After that sodium salicylate (200 mg kg-1) was injected i.v. and blood samples were taken at 30-420 min later. An immediate decrease of the thyroxine (T4) level in plasma to about 20% of original level and that of 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) to about 60% of that was found, while the level of 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (rT3) was increased 20%. It was concluded that the administration of salicylate results in an immediate displacement of T4 and T3 from plasma protein binding and possibly inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 and of rT3 to 3,3'-diiodothyronine which results in an increase of rT3 level in plasma. This might by partially prevented by an inhibiting effect of salicylate on the binding of rT3 to plasma proteins. PMID- 7298013 TI - Serum thyroid hormone levels and thyroid hormone metabolism by 10% liver homogenate from adult lean and obese (ob/ob) mice. PMID- 7298015 TI - Acetazolamide inhibition of bone resorption: lack of effect on phosphate release from bone in vitro. PMID- 7298016 TI - Metabolic insufficiency as a limiting factor in the dietetic treatment of obesity. AB - Previous observations that acute total fasting decreases serum T3 and increase rT3 has prompted the following study. 17 obese women were placed on a 1000 kcal/day weight-reducing diet, and body weight (BW), serum T4, RT3U, T3, rT3, TSH and the Achilles tendon reflex (ATR) were estimated before and after each month for 3 consecutive months of the diet. The results showed a consistent decrease in serum T3, and inconsistent increase in rT3, a consistent prolongation of the ATR and a levelling-off of the BW loss after the second month of the diet. At 3 months there was a negative correlation between the decrease in BW and the increase in ATR, i.e. the more abnormal the ATR became, the less weight the patient lost. It is concluded: 1) Even a moderate hypocaloric diet in ambulatory patients induces a disturbance in the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 and a secondary state of metabolic insufficiency. 2). This insufficiency is probable related to the observed tendency of the BW loss to level off after two months. 3) A controlled trial of physiologic doses of T3, such as 40 mu g/day, seems indicated, as opposed to pharmacologic dosed of T3 used by previous investigators. PMID- 7298014 TI - The effect of a beta-receptor agonist (salbutamol) on peripheral thyroid metabolism in euthyroid subjects. PMID- 7298018 TI - Gluconeogenesis from Nucleosides in perfused rat livers. AB - 1. In fed rats various nucleosides and their monophosphates caused a strong glucose release from perfused livers. 2. This effect was further studied with inosine and found depending on the rat strain used; it was much less pronounced in the Wistar strain WU than in the Hannover Wistar or the Sprague Dawley strain. In animals fasted 48 hours less glucose was released in the presence of inosine; no difference was observed between the various strains. 3. In fasted rats of all three strains inosine led to gluconeogenesis probable by its ribose moiety. In addition, 60% of the hepatic glucose output caused by inosine was derived from glycogen in fed Hannover Wistar rats. 4. The reduction of the hepatic blood flow after the addition of nucleosides, which could cause glycogenolysis by hypoxia, cannot explain their glucose releasing effect. PMID- 7298017 TI - Incorporation in vivo of radioisotopic precursors into seromucoid proteins in streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - In vivo incorporations of (14)C-leucine and (3)H-galactose into the seromucoid proteins are decreased in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The decrease in galactose incorporation is greater than that of leucine, and suggests that streptozotocin diabetes influences the metabolism of both the protein and sugar moieties of seromucoid glycoproteins. PMID- 7298019 TI - In vivo effects of branched chain amino acids on muscle protein synthesis in fasted rats. AB - Rats (80-100 g) were fasted for 48 hours prior to receiving i.v. infusions of [(14)C]tyrosine (0.5 ml/hour)in 0.9% saline or 2.8 M glucose or 2.5 M glucose with 0.1 M each of leucine, isoleucine and valine. The incorporation of [(14)C]tyrosine into proteins of different muscles was measured at the end of six hour infusions. Heart, soleus and diaphragm muscles incorporated more tyrosine into proteins than psoas and gastrocnemius under all conditions. Infusions of glucose alone did not accelerate tyrosine incorporation significantly in the muscles tested. The addition of branched chain amino acids to glucose markedly increased tyrosine incorporation into proteins in the diaphragm, and to a lesser extent in soleus and psoas. No effect was detectable in heart and gastrocnemius. Previous reports of differences in protein synthetic rates between different types of muscles are confirmed. Additionally, the data suggest that branched chain amino acids may be rate limiting for muscle protein synthesis in fasted rats in vivo, and that the responsiveness to branched chain amino acids differs between muscles. PMID- 7298020 TI - Gastrointestinal neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) was measured in gastric antral, pancreatic and jejuno-ileal extracts of lean and obese Zucker rats. No significant difference was found in pancreatic or antral NTLI levels, but significantly diminished levels of NTLI were found in jejuno-ileal extracts of the obese rats. PMID- 7298021 TI - Hypercholesterolemia in diabetics with clinically unrecognised primary thyroid failure. AB - Forty-nine diabetics with primary thyroid failure, as indicated by an elevated TSH concentration (TSH 38.0 +/- 5.4 mU/L, T4 63.0 +/- 4.0 nmol/L), without overt clinical evidence of hypothyroidism, had a higher (p less than 0.025) mean plasma cholesterol concentration (6.8 +/- 0.2 nmol/L vs 6.0 +/- 0.2 nmol/L) than 49 euthyroid diabetics (TSH 3.16 +/- 0.2 mU/L, T4 99.1 +/- 2.81 nmol/L) of equivalent age, sex, weight, diabetic treatment and duration of diabetes. No significant difference in triglyceride concentration was observed between the two groups of diabetics. Thyroxine replacement therapy in 18 diabetics with subnormal T4 concentrations was associated with a reduction (p less 0.01) in mean plasma cholesterol concentration to 5.8 +/- 0.3 nmol/L, but no significant change in triglyceride concentration. Clinically unrecognised thyroid failure may contribute to the high mortality from ischaemic heart disease observed in diabetics by virtue of accompanying, reversible hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7298022 TI - Growth hormone and prolactin binding to rabbit liver plasma membranes. PMID- 7298023 TI - Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. VII. Adrenal sterol ester hydrolase activity in the rat and its dependence on gonadal hormones. PMID- 7298024 TI - Effect of genetic diabetes on beta - N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in tears and retina. PMID- 7298025 TI - Suppression by intravenous injection of [Asu(1),(7)]-Eel calcitonin of suckling induced prolactin release in rats. PMID- 7298026 TI - Age-associated changes in plasma testosterone levels in male mice and their relation to social dominance or subordinance. PMID- 7298027 TI - Neonatal hormonal influences on the development of proceptive and receptive feminine sexual behavior in rats. PMID- 7298028 TI - Effects of estrogen deprivation on brain estrogen and progestin receptor levels and the activation of female sexual behavior. PMID- 7298029 TI - Differential effects of two estrogen antagonists on the development of masculine and feminine sexual behavior in hamsters. PMID- 7298030 TI - Hormone release during computer-monitored sexual behavior in mature and aged male rats. PMID- 7298031 TI - August data show expenses on rise. PMID- 7298032 TI - Deregulated planning may increase competition. PMID- 7298033 TI - Downtown Toledo hotel houses alcoholism treatment center. PMID- 7298034 TI - Quality assurance a must for central service, expert says. PMID- 7298035 TI - Hospitals and antitrust laws: a contemporary reality. PMID- 7298036 TI - Cost containment--your last chance. PMID- 7298037 TI - Organization and management of vertical systems faces constraints, demands. PMID- 7298038 TI - Do more physicians generate more hospital utilization? PMID- 7298039 TI - Careful planning called a must for good hospital/HMO relations. PMID- 7298040 TI - Humanistic health care is goal of hospitalwide program. PMID- 7298041 TI - Medication charting system centralizes intravenous fluid, medication reporting. PMID- 7298042 TI - Marketing and public relations: hard sell versus welcome mat? PMID- 7298043 TI - Fine arts budget decorates eye hospital. PMID- 7298044 TI - Congress, administration beset by budget agonies in '81, face gloomy economic forecast. PMID- 7298045 TI - 25 years of hospital management research reviewed. PMID- 7298046 TI - Merger in a two-hospital town demands close attention to 'people' problems. PMID- 7298047 TI - Soft tissue paleopathology--an emerging subspecialty. PMID- 7298048 TI - Surgical pathology of acute appendicitis. AB - Pathologic findings and clinicopathologic correlations in 276 consecutive appendectomies performed in a university hospital are reviewed. In 59 cases, appendectomy was incidental to another elective procedure. In the other 217 cases exploration was performed as an emergency, and acute appendicitis was present in 160 of the cases (74 per cent); 54 of these were complicated by perforation. In the remaining 57 cases there was either some other pathologic process clinically distinct from appendicitis or no identifiable source of the preoperative symptoms. The major findings were as follows: (1) Although appendicitis appears to be the result of initial mucosal injury, not all inflamed appendices show clear evidence of lumen obstruction by a fecalith or another mechanism. (2) Perforation, which greatly increases the morbidity in appendicitis and disproportionately affects children, is the consequence of transmural necrosis and is related much more to prolonged symptoms prior to surgery than to the presence of a fecalith or any other evidence of lumen obstruction. (3) The clinical course of appendicitis varies enormously, and the duration of symptoms has a wide range that is partly independent of the pathologic findings (which may include evidence of considerable chronic inflammation). The conclusions are that the current widely accepted practice of prompt exploration on suspicion of appendicitis is fully justified, that the inflammation in appendicitis may have quite different rates of progression from patient to patient, and that the etiopathogenesis of appendicitis may not be uniform and in some cases may involve important immunologic factors. PMID- 7298049 TI - Drug related myocarditis. I. Hypersensitivity myocarditis. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize in detail the morphologic changes in one form of drug related myocarditis: hypersensitivity myocarditis. We reviewed the clinical histories and microscopic findings in 24 patients with validated drug hypersensitivity and myocarditis. The myocarditis in these patients was characterized by a patchy interstitial inflammatory infiltrate rich in eosinophils, focal myocytolysis, prominent perivascular infiltrates, an absence of myocardial fibrosis, and the uniform features of the myocarditis in each patient. Twenty of the 24 patients died suddenly and unexpectedly. In retrospect, the presence of signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity (skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and malaise) and nonspecific cardiac findings (electrocardiographic changes, tachycardia, or serum enzyme elevations) were suggestive of hypersensitivity myocarditis in these patients. Since early diagnosis is vital in hypersensitivity myocarditis, the presence of nonspecific cardiac findings in a patient receiving any drug associated with hypersensitivity should alert the clinician to the possibility of drug related myocarditis. PMID- 7298050 TI - Right aortic arch, isolated left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, and subclavian steal syndrome: a variant of polysplenia syndrome. AB - Congenital subclavian steal may result from various anomalies of the aortic arch. The most common predisposing type is the right aortic arch with an isolated left subclavian artery arising from a left ductus arteriosus. A rare variant includes isolation of the left common carotid as well as the left subclavian arteries. The case of an infant with polysplenia--F-anisosplenia syndrome and this rare variant of congenital left subclavian steal is presented. This anomalous constellation has been heretofore unreported and illustrates a new situs abnormality that may complicate the polysplenia syndrome. PMID- 7298052 TI - Giant cell tumor of the pancreas of the osteoclastic type associated with a mucous secreting cystadenocarcinoma. PMID- 7298051 TI - Dirofilaria in a cervical lymph node in Israel. PMID- 7298053 TI - Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung with bronchial atresia. PMID- 7298054 TI - Leiomyosarcoma arising in a chronic venous stasis ulcer. PMID- 7298055 TI - D-glucose uptake in human liver cell cultures. AB - The kinetics parameters for D-glucose uptake were studied in human liver cell cultures under strictly defined experimental conditions. Using a wide concentration range (0.005 to 30 mmol/l), the kinetic data obtained suggested strongly that D-glucose in human liver cell cultures can be transported by two separate systems. For the high-affinity system, the apparent Km was 0.645 +/- 0.21 mmol/l and the Vmax, 12.49 +/- 3.74 nmol/mg protein per min. For the low affinity system, the apparent Km was 6.91 +/- 0.58 mmol/l and the Vmax, 79.90 +/- 5.27 nmol/mg protein per min. At a concentration of 2.1 x 10(-7) mol/l, cytochalasin B preferentially inhibited the high-affinity D-glucose site or transport system. The time course of D-glucose uptake, studied in two cell lines from patients with hereditary fructose intolerance, was significantly higher than for the control lines. PMID- 7298056 TI - Cell cycle dependent expression of a glucose regulated cell surface glycoprotein. AB - A cell surface associated "glucose regulated protein" has been described on nontransformed human fibroblasts. To examine the distribution of that protein on human fibroblasts specific antisera were used. The antisera was used in conjunction with indirect immunofluorescence and revealed that the glucose regulated protein was present as fibers on spread cells. Further, the antisera was used in complement mediated cytotoxicity assays to examine cells during specific stages of the mitotic cell cycle. Fibroblasts were synchronized by serum starvation, hydroxyurea inhibition, or colcemid inhibition followed by mitotic selection. The results demonstrated that the glucose regulated protein was maximally displayed during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and minimally displayed during the S and M phases. PMID- 7298057 TI - Connective tissue activation. XXI. Regulation of glycosaminoglycan metabolism by lymphocyte (CTAP-I) and platelet (CTAP-III) growth factors. AB - The quantitative radiochemical methodology described in this report allows a major increase in information generation, increased experimental flexibility, improved statistical control, and increased diversity of information per culture. Other advantages relate to economies of technical time, supplies, cells, and test materials per individual culture. Microcultures of human synovial cells incorporate [14C]glucosamine into hyaluronic acid that accumulated primarily in the media and to a lesser extent in the cell mass. CTAP-I (from lymphoid cells), CTAP-III (from human platelets), PGE2, dibutyryl cAMP, and poly(I) . poly(C) markedly stimulated hyaluronate synthesis, whereas cortisol, cycloheximide, and tunicamycin inhibited stimulated synthesis. Time studies with cycloheximide indicated that translation, essential for the activation of synovial cells, was completed by 17 h postexposure to CTAP-I. Tunicamycin also seemed to inhibit CTAP I induced activation primarily by interfering with translation; however, tunicamycin also caused modest post-translation inhibition of hyaluronate synthesis in activated adult human synovial cells. PMID- 7298058 TI - Assessment of environmental contamination associated with a mammalian cell transformation assay. AB - To estimate worker exposures to, and environmental contamination from, test chemicals and organic solvents used in an in vitro assay to assess the carcinogenic potential of chemicals, sodium fluorescein, a noncarcinogenic fluorescent material, was dissolved in tissue culture medium used to maintain early passage hamster embryo cells. Personal an environmental samples were taken over a 14-d period. The assay was performed according to standard procedures in a ventilated glove box or laminar flow safety cabinet. Considerably more than 99% of the chemical contamination found was recovered from the interiors of the glove box and hood and from disposable equipment. Contamination outside the containment units (less than 1 microgram) resulted from intralaboratory transport of chemicals, treated cultures, and contaminated equipment. We conclude that the standard operating particles and procedures provided adequate safeguards for personnel and the environment. PMID- 7298059 TI - Left atrial myxoma. Surgical consideration. PMID- 7298060 TI - Right atrial myxoma. An angiographic and echocardiographic study. PMID- 7298061 TI - Jaccoud's arthritis. A case report. PMID- 7298062 TI - Transient pathological Q waves in the electrocardiogram induced by exercise. PMID- 7298063 TI - Study of 300 cases of chronic heart block. A clinical profile. PMID- 7298064 TI - Propranolol on plasma fibrinogen, fibrinolytic activity and cardiac injury following isoprenaline challenge in rats. PMID- 7298065 TI - [Human normal immunoglobulin, requirements for its safety and potency (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of the official requirements for human normal immunoglobulin established by the European Pharmacopoeia, the immunoglobulins for intramuscular and intravenous use are described and analyzed. According to manufacturers processing by enzymatic digestion, chemical or other treatment the immunoglobulins, for intravenous use show differences in their composition, especially in regards to the distribution of aggregates, monomers and fragments of immunoglobulins and their subclass composition as well as their anticomplementary activity. Relative to the antibody content, the majority of the preparations show minor differences, only in an immunoglobulin of placental origin the content of tetanus antibodies was very low. PMID- 7298066 TI - [Antibody-induced immunosuppression: a possible mechanism for tetanus immunization failure in infants (author's transl)]. AB - High concentration of passively transferred material antibodies against tetanus toxin in the neonates' serum are probably the cause of tetanus immunization failure in young children. As a consequence, children of mothers, who were immunized against tetanus shortly before or during pregnancy, should be postponed from immunization to 6-7 months of age. PMID- 7298067 TI - Antigens and allergens in Dermatophagoides farinae mite. I. Immunochemical and physicochemical study of two allergenic fractions from a partially-purified Dermatophagoides farinae mite extract. AB - The fractionation of a partially-purified extract of Dermatophagoides farinae mite culture has been undertaken by gel filtration. Two fractions were isolated. One, P25, is a protein-rich fraction with mol. wt about 25,000. The other, GP8, is a polysaccharide-rich fraction with mol. wt around 8,000. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis, we detected eleven antigens in the partially-purified dialysed D. farinae extract (Df 80d) as well as in P25 fraction. One of them, ag 11, seems the most important allergen since in crossed-radio immunoelectrophoresis experiments it displays the faster radiostaining, implying that it binds the greatest part of the mite-specific IgE present in a pool of sera from mite-sensitive patients. By crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis, we demonstrated the absence of ag 11 in GP8, in which only ag 5 and ag 6 were identifiable. By radioalloergosorbent tests (RAST), it was found that P25- and GP8- coated paper discs can fix specific IgE induced in the majority of D. farinae sensitive patients. Defining a 'major allergen' as an allergen to which the majority of sensitive patients develop specific IgE, both P25 and GP8 do appear to contain at least one major allergen. By RAST inhibition method, using Df 80d as a solid phase, the allergenic activity of P25 appeared as slightly higher than that of Df 80d, whereas GP8 displayed a very weak inhibitor capacity. Thus, the allergic specificity of GP8 differs from that of Df 80d or P25. PMID- 7298068 TI - The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the localization of syngeneic and allogeneic lymphoid cells and on alloimmunogenicity. AB - Ultraviolet (u.v.) irradiation was found to have only a modest inhibitory effect on the alloimmunogenecity of murine lymphoid cells in vivo when the response was assessed by the primary cytotoxic antibody response. Ultraviolet irradiation had no effect on the initial (1 hr) organ localization of chromium-labelled lymphoid cells in syngeneic or allogeneic recipients using either CBA or DBA/2 cells. However the 24 hr localization in peripheral lymph nodes was considerably and similarly depressed in syngeneic and allogeneic recipients. This effect was shown, by alloantibody treatment of recipients of allogeneic cells, to be due mainly to lack of entry into lymph nodes after 1 hr. In agreement with much of the published data, control data for these experiments indicated little difference in lymph node localization of lymph node cells in allogeneic and syngeneic recipients using both CBA and DBA/2 cells in both CBA and DBA/2 recipients. The localization of spleen cells in lymph nodes was found to be rather more sensitive to the allogeneic environment though not as much as has been previously described for spleen cells in contrast to the long established data on lymph node cells. A marked difference in the degree of lymph node localization of CBA and CBA/2 cells was found regardless of the recipient strain. PMID- 7298069 TI - Effect of vitamin E on cell-mediated immune responses and serum corticosterone in young and maturing mice. AB - A high vitamin E diet altered cell-mediated immune responses of maturing BALB/c mice. Serum corticosterone concentrations in these animals were also determined because of the pharmacological effect the glucocorticoid hormone has on immune systems. Mice receiving high vitamin E diet (twenty times higher than the vitamin E concentration in control diet) showed significant increase in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity within a week after initiation of the diet. Adult levels of spleen and intestinal ADCC activities were reached at a much younger age in these high vitamin E-treated animals. In addition, there was a good correlation between increase in spleen and intestinal ADCC activities and the significantly lower than control concentration of serum corticosterone in these mice. However, after prolonged consumption of high vitamin E diet, decrease in ADCC activity was observed in these mice. No significant differences in PHA induced spleen lymphocytes [3H]-thymidine incorporation, along with a decrease in serum corticosterone levels, were observed in mice given either high vitamin E or the control diets throughout most study periods. PMID- 7298070 TI - Alterations of host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in tumour-bearing mice and the effect of Corynebacterium parvum. AB - In tumour (fibrosarcoma)-inoculated mice, alterations of host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes following tumour growth were examined. Non-immune macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance was severely suppressed up to day 4 or so after tumour inoculation, but was enhanced thereafter. On the other hand, T cell-mediated immune resistance retained the control level up to day 7 or so, but was suppressed thereafter. Suppression of macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance was not observed if the tumour-bearing mice had been pretreated with Corynebacterium parvum. Moreover, this suppression of macrophage-mediated resistance was attributable to the presence of a serum factor that interferes with the function of free macrophages but not with that of resident macrophages. The ability of this serum factor to suppress macrophage-mediated antibacterial resistance, however, was not reduced by C. parvum administration. PMID- 7298071 TI - The effect of IgG and IgG fragments on the absorption of inhaled antigens across the air-blood barrier of isolated perfused rabbit lungs. AB - The absorption of inhaled soluble protein antigens across the alveolocapillary membrane can be inhibited by passive immunization in isolated rabbit lungs. The present study was carried out to determine the immunoglobulin class and structural features (Fc-receptor binding, divalent antigen binding) required to effect the inhibition. Isolated rabbit lungs from unimmunized rabbits were perfused with autologous blood to which whole antiserum, IgG or IgG fragments specific for either ovalbumin (OA) or human serum albumin (HSA) was added. The lungs were insufflated with an aerosol containing 125I-OA and 131I-HSA and blood samples were analysed for 125I and 131I in trichloracetic acid (TCA)-precipitable and TCA-soluble forms for 4 hr after insufflation. Whole antiserum and the IgG immunoglobulin fraction of the whole antiserum were equally effective in inhibiting the antigen absorption, indicating that the IGG antibody is sufficient for the effect. The F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments of the IgG molecule were as effective as native IgG, indicating that the antigen-binding site is the only structural requirement and that Fc-receptor and divalent antigen binding are not required. PMID- 7298072 TI - Non-immunological recognition and killing of xenogeneic cells by macrophages. I. Repertoire of recognition. AB - Non-immune non-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages efficiently kill in vitro xenogeneic fibroblasts from various avian species (xenolysis). The killing was less effective for rat and human fibroblasts. Macrophages of all inbred strains tested demonstrated xenolytic activity although they differed in destruction efficiency. Recognition and killing of target fibroblasts were not dependent on the presence of Ca++ and Mg++. Lysis of SPEFAS chicken fibroblasts free of viral antigen expression (gs-chf-) suggests that foreign recognition by macrophages does not involve viruses. Administration of anti-H-2 antiserum and of rabbit anti macrophage serum (AMS) as well as addition of various carbohydrates or their derivatives to macrophages interacted with fibroblasts, failed either to block or identify foreign recognition sites on macrophages. Morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy showed protrusions of macrophage filopodia unidirected to the target xenogeneic fibroblast. PMID- 7298073 TI - Non-immunological recognition and killing of xenogeneic cells by macrophages. II. Mechanism of killing. AB - Macrophages are cytotoxic to chicken embryonic fibroblasts without either previous activation or lymphocyte assistance. This cytotoxic activity (xenolysis) is expressed by non-activated macrophages from athymic mice as well as by pure macrophage populations. Neither macrophage lysate nor supernatants of macrophages cultivated with fibroblasts cause xenolysis. Unlike macrophage tumoricidal activity, killing of xenogeneic cells is not dependent on specific serum factors and is expressed by macrophages from a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) unresponsive strain (C3H/HeJ). Xenolysis is expressed also by trypsin-treated macrophages and by macrophages from 5-day-old cultures. Killing of chicken fibroblasts by macrophages is not affected by hydrocortisone (100 micrograms/ml) gold salt (1 mg/ml) and colchicine (100 micrograms/ml). On the other hand, cytochalasin B (10 micrograms/ml) completely abolishes the killing, probably by interfering with macrophage mobility and extension of filopodia toward the targets. It is suggested that the xenolytic activity of macrophages represents a primitive trait of phagocytes which assists the body in defence against multicellular parasites. PMID- 7298074 TI - Effects of steroids on the secretion of immunoregulatory factors by thymic epithelial cell cultures. AB - Rat thymic epithelial cells were cultured for 39 days in the presence of various concentrations of oestradiol, testosterone, progesterone and corticosterone and the supernatants assessed for effects on the stimulation of cells from the thymus, bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen, with several agents. All the steroids, except progesterone, were found to significantly regulate the secretion of immunoregulatory factors by the epithelial cells at physiological levels but the effects were dose dependent. Fractionation of active supernatants indicated that the capacity to enhance or depress cellular proliferation was mainly associated with substances having molecular weights greater than 30,000 or less than 1000, respectively. This study supports the idea that certain steroids can influence the immune response indirectly through the thymus. PMID- 7298075 TI - Immune exclusion and mucus trapping during the rapid expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from primed rats. AB - AThe phenomenon of rapid expulsion (RE) of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was examined in Wistar rats. Within 4 hr of intraduodenal challenge with 4 day old N. Brasiliensis greater than 85% of the worms were expelled from rats immunized by infection 18 days previously with 4000-6000 third stage larvae. Rapid expulsion was unaffected by the challenge dose but waned with time after primary infection. Histological observations suggested that the parasites were excluded from their predilection site between the villi in immune rats and that they were separated from the mucosa by a superficial layer of mucus. A newly developed intestinal wash-out technique demonstrated that the 70%-80% of worms in previously uninfected controls were adherent to the mucosa whereas in immune rats 28%-36% of the parasites were adherent and 3%-23% were trapped in mucus. These experiments establish that immune exclusion and mucus trapping are early events in the expulsion process. The possible mechanisms controlling these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 7298076 TI - Migratory thrombophlebitis with disseminated intravascular coagulation due to an occult bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7298077 TI - Pulmonary haemangiopericytoma. PMID- 7298078 TI - Diagnosis of myocardial infarction in patient's during right ventricular pacing. PMID- 7298080 TI - Observations on allergenicity of chrysanthemum pollen (A preliminary report). PMID- 7298079 TI - S-Carboxymethylcysteine (S-CMC) in bronchography technique. PMID- 7298082 TI - Charcoal haemodetoxification for theophylline toxicity. PMID- 7298081 TI - Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. PMID- 7298083 TI - Tuberculous liver abscess. PMID- 7298088 TI - Functional heterogeneity of H-2Dk-region products. PMID- 7298084 TI - Gene order in the major histocompatibility complex of the rat. AB - The loci in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat which code for class I and class II antigens--RT1.A and RT1.B, respectively--have previously been separated by laboratory-derived recombinants and by observations in inbred and wild rats. Closely linked to the MHC is the growth and reproduction complex (Grc) which contains genes influencing body size (dw3) and fertility (ft). These phenotypic markers were used in this study to orient the A and B loci of the MHC. Two recombinants were used for mapping. The BIL(R1) animal is a recombinant between the MHC and Grc, and it carries the haplotype RT1.AlBlGrc+. The r10 animal is an intra-MHC recombinant, and it has the haplotype RT1.AnB1Grc. These recombinants were characterized serologically, by mixed lymphocyte reactivity, by immune responsiveness to poly (Glu52Lys33Tyr15) and by the presence of the dw-3 gene. The data demonstrate that the gene order of the loci is: dw-3--RT1.B- RT1.A. PMID- 7298087 TI - Ly-6 region regulates expression of multiple allospecificities. AB - The relationship between two alloantigens on mouse lymphocytes, that is Ly-6.2 and H9/25, which have previously been shown to have identical strain distribution patterns, was further investigated. Analysis of 39 (AKR x CBA) x CBA backcross progeny showed no segregation between these two antigens, indicating a close genetic linkage between them. Serological analysis showed that Ly-6.2 and H9/25 are differentially expressed on T-cell hybrid lines. Furthermore, cross absorption of anti-Ly-6.2 serum with two cell lines revealed a heterogeneity among Ly-6 specificities. Semipurified H9/25 antigen failed to block anti-Ly-6.2 serum while anti-Ly-6.2 serum did not significantly block monoclonal antibody H9/25. These results suggest the presence of multiple allospecificities encoded for by the Ly-6 region. PMID- 7298085 TI - Teratocarcinoma transplantation rejection loci: genetic localization of the Gt-1 locus on chromosome 17 and the expression of alternate alleles. AB - A series of congenic mice on the BALB/c genetic background have been employed to localize a teratocarcinoma transplantation rejection locus, Gt-1, to the K side of the H-2 locus on chromosome 17. Previous studies have placed the Gt-1sv allele about 8 centimorgans away from the H-2b or H-2bv1 locus. Teratocarcinomas derived from 129/sv mice, Gt-1sv (H-2Kbv1/H-2Dbv1), are rejected by BALB/c(H-2Kd/H-2Dd) and BALB.G mice (H-2Kd/H2D-b, but form tumors in BALB.B (H-2Kb/H2Db) and BALB/5R5 mice (H-2Kb/H2Dd). In the reciprocal tumor-rejection test, a BALB/c teratocarcinoma was rejected by immunized BALB.B mice, but formed tumors in the immunized isogenic BALB/c mouse. These studies demonstrate the reciprocal expression of two Gt-1 alleles, one Gt-1c, in BALB/c mice, and the other, Gt-1sv, in the congenic BALB.B mice, Shedlovsky and co-workers have placed the GT-1 locus in a similar location on the K side of the H-2 locus on chromosome 17. PMID- 7298086 TI - Strong teratocarcinoma transplantation loci, Gt-1 and Gt-2, flank H-2. AB - Evidence is presented for the existence of two strong murine teratocarcinoma transplantation antigens (Gt) on the cell line PCC3. It is shown that the loci governing expression of these antigens are linked to the H-2 complex. These loci have been further mapped with respect to the brachyury marker (T) and H-2: Gt-1 lies 5 +/- 2 crossover units proximal to H-2 and 12 +/- 2 crossover units distal to T; Gt-2 lies 21 +/- 4 crossover units distal to H-2. It is possible that these strong transplantation antigens provide an embryonic analogue to the adult major histocompatibility system. PMID- 7298090 TI - Ultramicro assays of enzymes for rapid and inexpensive diagnosis of inherited disorders of metabolism. PMID- 7298089 TI - Mother milk and the Indonesian economy: a major national resource. PMID- 7298091 TI - Amniotic fluid proteins in relation to fetal maturity. PMID- 7298092 TI - Maternal serum alkaline phosphatase and fetal maturity. PMID- 7298093 TI - Clinical profile of intracranial space occupying lesions in children. PMID- 7298094 TI - The pediatric stroke: a prospective study of cerebral angiography. PMID- 7298095 TI - Dietary therapy in a case of phenylketonuria in India. PMID- 7298097 TI - Neonatal malaria. PMID- 7298096 TI - William syndrome. PMID- 7298098 TI - Clinical features of malaria in neonates. PMID- 7298099 TI - Breast milk in low birth weight babies. PMID- 7298100 TI - Pediatric neurology in India. PMID- 7298101 TI - A diagnostic approach to hypotonia in infancy. PMID- 7298102 TI - Biochemical screening in mental retardation. PMID- 7298103 TI - Assessment of headache in children. PMID- 7298105 TI - CT scan in neuropediatrics. PMID- 7298104 TI - Tuberculous meningitis in children: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7298106 TI - Cardiovascular characteristics in adolescents who develop essential hypertension. AB - The risk parameters for the development of essential hypertension (EH) were evaluated in a group of adolescents with borderline hypertension. A population comprised of 50 adolescents with systolic or diastolic blood pressure between the 90th and 95th percentile was compared to a normotensive (less than 90%) family history-negative control population. Evaluative parameters included genetic risk, resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, and cardiovascular response to mental stress. In a follow-up period of up to 41 months, 28 borderline hypertensive adolescents (56%) developed fixed EH. At the time of initial evaluation, these 28 hypertensive adolescents had a strong family history of EH, higher resting heart rate (p less than 0.01) and blood pressure (p less than 0.01), and a greater cardiovascular response to mental stress (p less than 0.001) compared to the normotensive family history-negative control population. Time series analysis of the stress phase also demonstrated a rhythmic cardiovascular response in the normotensive group (p less than 0.05) that was not present in the hypertensive group. These results indicate that adolescents with borderline hypertension displaying these characteristics have a greater risk for EH than previously reported. PMID- 7298107 TI - Effects of [D-Ala2]-methionine-enkephalin on blood pressure, heart rate, and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in conscious cats. AB - Effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of [D-Ala2]-methionine enkephalinamide (DAME) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity were studied in conscious cats. DAME was administered at doses between 5 and 100 nmoles. Blood pressure and heart rate increased dose dependently. The sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex was attenuated for 15 to 60 minutes after DAME administration; this was independent of the BP changes. The effects of enkephalin on BP and baroreceptor reflex were abolished by i.c.v. naloxone. DAME caused pathological changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) characterized by sharp waves in the hippocampus recordings and a loss of theta activity in the electrocorticogram. Behavioral changes were characterized by decreased physical mobility and anxiousness. These behavioral and EEG changes lasted for a longer period of time than the cardiovascular changes; they were also counteracted by naloxone. It is concluded that DAME produces a centrally mediated vasopressor response and a baroreceptor reflex attenuation and that, with respect to the time course, the effects on the baroreceptor reflex are separated from those on BP behavior and EEG, but not on heart rate. The fact that all effects of enkephalin on the parameters tested in the present experiment were completely antagonized by naloxone suggests that they are mediated by naloxone sensitive enkephalin brain receptors. PMID- 7298108 TI - Effect of cross-transplantation on normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rat arterial muscle membrane. AB - Transplantation of arteries into the anterior eye chamber of rats for 8 weeks was used to test the hypothesis that the neurohumoral environment is important in establishing the altered membrane potential (observable during electrogenic ion transport inhibition) of vascular muscle in hypertension. When caudal arteries from 12- to 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or genetically matched Kyoto-Wistar normotensive rats (KNR) were transplanted into the opposite strain, there was no change in the transport inhibited membrane potential (Em) of the arterial muscle cells from that found in freshly excised donor arteries. However, when caudal arteries from 2-week-old animals were transplanted into the anterior eye chamber, the arteries always developed the appropriate Em for the host animal. In other words, a genetically KNR artery developed the Em of an SHR artery in an SHR host; conversely, a genetically SHR artery developed the Em of a KNR artery in the KNR host. These results provide evidence that: 1) the differences between th Em of caudal arteries from SHR and KNR are not inherent in those muscle cells; 2) the change in Em is triggered in young animals preceding development of hypertension, but not after hypertension is established; and 3) the Em alteration of the caudal artery is independent of structural changes that occur in the artery as a result of increased blood pressure (because KNR transplants were not connected in series with the host anterior eye chamber vasculature and subject to the elevated blood pressures). We conclude that the arterial muscle cells up to a certain age respond to an external factor that regulates their Em and presumably their sensitivity to vasopressor agents. PMID- 7298109 TI - Plasma norepinephrine during stress in essential hypertension. AB - Comparative studies of plasma norepinephrine in patients with essential hypertension and in normotensive controls have consistently reported higher mean resting levels of norepinephrine in the hypertensive groups, but the hypertensive normotensive differences have often been small and, in about three-fifths of the studies, not statistically significant. The author reviewed the medical literature to test the hypothesis that, during stress, hypertensive-normotensive differences in norepinephrine become more apparent. Among 24 studies involving orthostatic stress, the increment in norepinephrine with standing was similar for hypertensives and normotensives (239 vs 230 pg/ml). In contrast, among eight studies involving exercise, the increment in norepinephrine was significantly greater in hypertensives (834 vs 450 pg/ml). For both standing and isotonic exercise, absolute changes in norepinephrine with stress correlated with basal norepinephrine across the hypertensive but not the normotensive groups. These results are consistent with the existence within the hypertensive population of a subgroup of patients with elevated norepinephrine levels at rest and excessive sympathetic responsiveness to stress. However, the available literature is decidedly lacking in studies about other types of stress besides standing and exercise. PMID- 7298110 TI - Alcohol consumption and blood pressure. The lipid research clinics prevalence study. AB - The relationship between alcohol consumption and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was examined in 2482 men and 2301 women 20 years of age or older in nine North American populations. Men at the highest level of alcohol consumption (greater than or equal to 30 ml alcohol per day) had the highest BP, while women either at the highest level of alcohol consumption or consuming no alcohol had the highest BP. Men aged greater than or equal to 35 years of age consuming greater than or equal to 30 ml alcohol per day were 1.5 to 2 times more likely to be hypertensive than non-drinkers. Multivariate analysis showed systolic and diastolic BP in both men and women to be positively and significantly (p less than 0.05) related to alcohol consumption, and this relationship was independent of the potential confounding effects of age, obesity, cigarette smoking, regular exercise, education, and gonadal hormone use in women. The regression coefficients indicated that an average of 30 ml of alcohol per day would produce a 2 to 6 mm Hg increase in systolic BP. Analyses suggested the univariate U shaped alcohol-BP association in women was confounded by differences in obesity and cigarette smoking in nondrinking women, and by very low alcohol consumption in hypertensive women using medication. Additional analyses indicated that alcohol consumed in the 24 hours prior to the study was much more strongly associated with elevated BP than alcohol consumed in the week prior to the study excluding the previous 24 hours. We conclude that alcohol appears to have a modest but consistent and independent effect on systolic and diastolic BP. PMID- 7298111 TI - Effect of potassium chloride on the blood pressure in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of potassium loading on blood pressure (BP) and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system were investigated in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. Two series of experiments were performed: one was begun just after renal artery constriction, and the other, after hypertension had developed. Potassium loading significantly attenuated the development of hypertension, and was also able to abate existing renovascular hypertension. In both studies, potassium loading increased fluid intake and urine volume, which were accompanied by increased excretion of sodium and potassium. In spite of the massive diuretic effect, potassium loading significantly attenuated the increased plasma renin activity (PRA) induced by renal artery constriction, while it further enhanced the increased plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. There was no significant difference in the values of serum sodium and potassium between the two groups with or without potassium loading. These results suggest that potassium may attenuate the development of hypertension and reduce the elevated BP by diuresis and natriuresis and by suppression of the PRA in two-kidney, one clip Goldblatt rats. PMID- 7298112 TI - Plasma concentration and acetylator phenotype determine response to oral hydralazine. AB - The vasodepressor response to single and multiple oral doses of hydralazine, 1 mg/kg, was studied in hypertensive patients. The concentration of hydralazine in plasma was measured both by a newly developed specific and a nonspecific assay similar to those used in previous studies. Acetylator phenotype was determined following oral sulfamethazine. Plasma hydralazine concentration peaked at 1 hour after administration and was undetectable 2 hours later. Apparent hydralazine was present in plasma in higher concentration and for a longer duration than hydralazine. The peak decreases in blood pressure (BP) were proportional to plasma hydralazine concentration following administration of both single and multiple doses and were substantially maintained for 8 hours. In contrast there was no significant correlation between decreases in BP and apparent hydralazine concentrations. The plasma concentration of hydralazine after a standard oral dose varied by as much as 15-fold among individuals and was lower in rapid than slow acetylator phenotype patients. The BP responses were positively correlated with plasma hydralazine concentrations and inversely correlated with acetylator indices. Low plasma concentrations may account for poor responses of some patients to conventional oral doses of hydralazine. The applicability of acetylator phenotyping for individualization of hydralazine dosage regimens merits further evaluation. PMID- 7298114 TI - Portable blood pressure measurements: performance of Korotkov sound analysis techniques. AB - Noninvasive portable blood pressure systems (PBPS) are typically based on korotkov sound technique. The performance of related Korotkov sound analysis techniques was assessed in PBPS data obtained from nine normotensive and nine hypertensive men. Multiple-seated PBPS measurements were taken, each following 1 minute of quiet rest, moderate walking, and stair climbing; each PBPS measurement was accompanied by a simultaneous auscultatory measurement in the same arm. In subsequent manual PBPS data analysis, PBPS systolic and diastolic BPs were within 4 mm Hg of corresponding auscultatory BPs 86% and 88% of the time; BPs following rest and walking showed greater accuracy, while those following stair climbing were less accurate. Interestingly, automated analysis of diastolic PBPS data (using selective bandpass filtering, amplitude normalization, and comparator decision ratios) provided a level of accuracy similar to that obtained from manual data analysis. Overall, both manual and automated Korotkov sound analysis techniques can provide BP results that agree quite well with auscultatory determinations. PMID- 7298113 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of endothelial permeability in chronic hypertension. AB - This study examined characteristics of paracellular and pinocytotic permeability pathways across the middle cerebral artery endothelium of 12- to 16- month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Interendothelial junctions in SHR, like those of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto controls, were impermeable to lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracers. Freeze-fracture preparations revealed that interendothelial junctions of chronically hypertensive rats are characterized by a twofold increase over controls in the number of tight junctional strands and the mean apical-basal depth. It is believed that this tight junctional hypertrophy may function to increase adhesive forces between neighboring endothelial cells, and may play a role inthe prevention of hypertension-induced paracellular permeability increases. Morphological and tracer studies of pinocytotic pathways indicated that, it the middle cerebral artery, endothelial vesicular transport activity is not increased during chronic hypertension. No evidence was found to indicate the presence of transendothelial permeability channels across control or hypertensive arterial endothelium. Thus, increased transendothelial permeability, commonly observed in acute hypertension, does not appear to occur during chronic hypertension, at least in the middle cerebral artery. Our findings suggest that the arterial endothelium may undergo structural (tight junctional) adaptation in response to prolonged hypertension. PMID- 7298115 TI - Micropressure-flow relationships in a skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7298116 TI - Effect of prostaglandin inhibition on the hypertensive action of sodium-retaining steroids. PMID- 7298117 TI - Management of the mildly hypertensive patient. PMID- 7298118 TI - Kinetics of active sodium transport in aortas from control and deoxycorticosterone hypertensive rats. AB - The efflux of sodium (24Na) was measured in the aortas from control and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA) hypertensive rats. Measurements were also made of aortic water content, extracellular space, and electrolyte contents. The objective was to determine the kinetics for potassium (K)-stimulated (active) transport of sodium and to determine which, if any, kinetic parameters are altered during DOCA hypertension. The K-stimulated efflux of 24Na (about 50% of the total) exhibited a sigmoidal dependence on extracellular K ([K]0), and agreed well with a model based on the cooperative interaction between Na and K at transport sites. Half saturation was achieved at [K]0 = 1.7 to 2.8 mM for the various groups. The maximum efflux was increased 40% to 50% by DOCA (p less than 0.01). Aortas from control and DOCA-treated rats had similar [Na]cell (11 mM/liter cell H2O, for physiological solution) under conditions of partial or complete Na loading. Active transport of Na showed a sigmoidal dependence on [Na]cell. Half saturation was achieved at [Na]cell = 20 to 24 mM/liter cell H2O in control and DOCA aortas. The maximum efflux was elevated 46% by DOCA treatment (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that DOCA hypertension is associated with an increased leak of ward of shift of the transport curves as a result of increased maximal transport. The net effect is to maintain [Na]cell relatively constant in DOCA hypertensives under physiological conditions. PMID- 7298120 TI - Effect of chronic treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with D 600. AB - The effects of chronic treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with methoxyverapamil (D 600) on blood pressure (BP) and on the in vitro contractile response of aortic and portal vein strips of rats were examined. D 600, prepared as the free base and dissolved in sesame oil, was injected subcutaneously daily into SHR to maintain the systolic blood pressure (SBP) at less than 130 mm Hg for 24 hours after injections. The dose required increased progressively from 4 to 8.5 mg/day/rat. As controls, normotensive rats (WKY) and untreated SHR received daily injections of the vehicle. After 2 weeks, aortic and portal vein strips were prepared from each rat for studies of cumulative dose-response curves to norepinephrine (NE) in Krebs' solution containing normal (2.5 mM) and low (0.2 and 0.4 mM) calcium (Ca). Chronic treatment with D 600 restored to control values the ordinarily depressed contractile response to NE and increased the ED50 values for NE (i.e., the NE dose that produces 50% of the maximum response) of aortic strips from SHR in nord-mal and low Ca. Portal veins from SHR showed increased spontaneous activity, supernormal responses to NE, and decreased ED50 values for NE that were all exaggerated by chronic D 600 treatment. These results imply that SHR developed a tolerance to D 600 associated with enhanced contractility of vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 7298119 TI - Sodium intake alters the effects of norepinephrine on blood pressure. AB - To examine the interactions between sodium balance and the sympathetic nervous system, we studied eight normotensive men after high (800 mEq/day) and low (10 mEq/day) sodium intake. We measured blood pressure (BP), arterial, venous, and urinary norepinephrine (NE) before and during incremental infusion of NE. We found significant direct, linear relationships (p less than 0.001) between the dose of NE infused and arterial and venous NE levels, and with mean arterial BP at both levels of sodium balance. In addition. the sensitivity was greater and the threshold of pressor response to NE as well as the basal concentrations of NE in arterial and venous plasma significantly lower (p less than 0.05) after the high sodium period. These observations expose heretofore unrecognized qualitative and quantitative interactions between sodium balance and NE that are capable of influencing BP in man. PMID- 7298121 TI - Prolonged exposure to ouabain eliminates the greater norepinephrine-dependent calcium sensitivity of resistance vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effects of 30 minutes of exposure to ouabain on calcium sensitivity have been investigated in two types of resistance vessels from 12 pairs of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Branches of the superior mesenteric and femoral arteries, with internal diameters of about 200 micrometer, were mounted as ring preparations in a myograph capable of measuring their isometric wall tension. Dose-response curves for calcium upon norepinephrine stimulation were determined under conditions where neuronal uptake was eliminated. Initially, when stimulated with norepinephrine, the SHR vessels from both locations were more sensitive to calcium and had stronger contractions than their controls. The addition of ouabain (1 mM) to the relaxed vessels immediately elicited a moderate, transient contraction in the branches of the femoral artery, whereas no response was observed in the mesenteric vessels. Although the addition of ouabain to activated vessels produced an immediate potentiation of the response, prolonged (30-minute) exposure to ouabain reduced active tension development upon norepinephrine stimulation in all vessels. The reduction was greatest in the SHR vessels, so that, under these conditions, the norepinephrine activated calcium sensitivity of corresponding SHR and WKY vessels was similar. By contrast, responses to norepinephrine in high potassium solution were unaffected. The results suggest that under normal conditions, SHR vessels may have a specific increase in the permeability of the norepinephrine-activated calcium channels. Prolonged exposure to ouabain appears to reduce the permeability of these channels, providing an explanation for why this treatment eliminates the difference in calcium sensitivity of the SHR and WKY vessels. PMID- 7298122 TI - Changing sodium intake in children. The Minneapolis Children's Blood Pressure Study. AB - To assess the effects of modifying dietary sodium intake, 80 school children with blood pressures above the 95th percentile for age and sex but below 130/90 mm Hg at school screening were randomized to a family intervention program or a control group. Twenty children aged 6 to 9 years and their families began a program to modify the family diet toward a goal of 70 mEq sodium per person per day. Adherence was assessed by 3-day food records and urine collections in children and adults. The sodium intakes and blood pressures of the intervention and control group were compared 1 year after randomization. Sodium intake was significantly lower in the intervention group only in the active participants as compared to dropouts and controls (87 vs 130 and 133 mmoles/24 hr). There were no significant differences between the groups in height, weight, or blood pressure. PMID- 7298123 TI - Altered in vitro uptake of norepinephrine by cardiovascular tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Part 1. Mesenteric artery. AB - The incorporation of tritiated norepinephrine (NE) by mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto strain and from age-matched Wistar Kyoto (WKY) controls was studied. The arteries were incubated with tritiated NE, and fractions were isolated by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugations. The amount of radioactivity present in certain subfractions (P3 pellet) of the SHR arteries was significantly higher than that of WKY arteries. When the P3 subfraction was lysed and subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the tritiated NE was found to ba associated with the 0.4-0.5 M interface. Electron micrographs of the P3 subfractions revealed a variety of vesicular structures which might represent storage sites for the tritiated NE. Although a number of factors could account for the finding of enhanced incorporation into mesenteric artery subfractions of hypertensive rats, the finding is compatible with the work of others who found increased ATPase activity in mesenteric arteries of SHRs, since ATPase is known to activate vesicular NE uptake. PMID- 7298124 TI - Altered in vitro uptake of norepinephrine by cardiovascular tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Part 2. Portal-mesenteric veins and atria. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) incorporation by portal-mesenteric veins (P-M) veins) and atria of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were compared with that of age matched Wistar Kyoto controls (WKY). Tissues were incubated in the presence of tritiated norepinephrine (3H-NE), and fractions were isolated by means by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The peak of radioactivity was located in the 0.4-0.5 M sucrose region that contained vesicular materials, as shown by electron micrography. NE incorporation (picomoles/mg tissue) into the P3 subfraction of SHR atria and P-M veins was reduced; in atria, the reduction was statistically significant. These results contrasted with the enhanced 3H-NE incorporation by SHR mesenteric artery, and point out regional differences in this process. PMID- 7298125 TI - Effect of age and spontaneous hypertension on the tachyphylaxis to 5 hydroxytryptamine and angiotensin II in the isolated rat kidney. AB - The isolated and perfused kidney of the mature spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibits an increased vascular reactivity and a delayed tachyphylaxis to 5 hydroxytryptamine, when compared to weight-matched normotensive animals. To evaluate the influence of the duration of the hypertensive state on these differences, the vascular reactivity to 5-hydroxytryptamine was determined in isolated kidneys from age-matched normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats of 3.5, 6 and 12 months of age. Responses to increasing doses of 5 hydroxytryptamine were compared. At all ages the responses to the agonist were greater in the SHR than in the control rats. In the normotensive rats, the sensitivity to the monoamine decreased, while the maximal response increased with aging. The vascular reactivity to increasing doses of 5-hydroxytryptamine was not altered by aging in the SHR. There was a significant correlation between the maximal vasoconstrictor response to 5-hydroxytryptamine in the isolated kidneys and the systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) of the donor rats. Maximal constrictor responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine were repeated at given intervals. The degree of tachyphylaxis was decreased in hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats at 3.5, and 6 months age. Tachyphylaxis to 5-hydroxytryptamine was depressed by aging in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. By contrast, tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II (AII) was not effected by either age or hypertension. There was no cross-tachyphylaxis between 5-hydroxytryptamine and AII. Lowering the Ca2+-concentration of the perfusate did not affect tachyphylaxis to either 5-hydroxytryptamine or AII. The present experiments indicate that the delayed tachyphylaxis to 5-hydroxytryptamine in the kidneys of SHR is due to a specific alteration of th vascular smooth muscle cells, which may be the consequence of premature aging. PMID- 7298126 TI - Overnight urines for assessment of change in sodium intake. PMID- 7298128 TI - Neurogenic hypertension produced by lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii alone or with sinoaortic denervation in the dog. AB - The cardiovascular effects of bilateral lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) were compared with those of subsequent sinoaortic denervation in the same dogs. Destruction of the lateral but not the medial component of the NTS between + 0.5 and 3 mm anterior to the obex produces mild hypertension and tachycardia, not always sustained for more than 2 weeks. Rises in pressure were accompanied by increased lability which was not present regularly in all dogs but correlated with the baseline level of arterial pressure. On the other hand, sinoaortic denervation following lateral NTS lesions produced the first demonstration of fulminant hypertension in the dog, which led to death within hours. These data suggest that, while NTS lesions in the dog probably only partially interrupt central baroreceptor pathways, the addition of sinoaortic denervation completely disrupts baroreceptor inputs to the central nervous system, thus releasing central sympathetic outflow completely from baroreceptor inhibition. PMID- 7298127 TI - Overview of hypertension research. PMID- 7298130 TI - Autonomic dysfunctions in human hypertension. PMID- 7298129 TI - Anxiety, anger, and neurogenic tone at rest and in stress in patients with primary hypertension. AB - To determine whether basal blood pressure or pressor responses to stress are related to sympathetic nerve tone or to psychological factors in hypertensives, 15 hypertensives and 13 normotensives were studied by mean of a self-administered questionnaire, isometric handgrip exercise (IHE), and the mental stress of serial subtraction. Plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and at the end of IHE and mental stress. A greater number of hypertensives had suppressed anger (p less than 0.01) and scored higher on anxiety trait (p less than 0.01) and depression (p less than 0.05). Prestress (IHE and mental) BP and NE values were significantly greater in hypertensives (all p less than 0.01). During IHE, both groups had a significant increase of BP, HR, and NE (all p less than 0.01) but E rose in hypertensives only (p less than 0.05). The percentage change of BP, HR, NE, and E during IHE was similar in both groups. The changes of BP and HR were not related to NE or E. During mental stress, HR (p less than 0.01) and E (p less than 0.05) increased in both groups. However, BP (systolic and diastolic) increased in normotensives only (p less than 0.01). Plasma NE contents were unchanged in both groups. There were significant positive correlations of anxiety trait with systolic BP (p less than 0.05), diastolic BP (p less than 0.05), and NE (p less than 0.05) and E (p less than 0.05). Although hypertensives had increased neurogenic tone related perhaps to inward anger and anxiety, the percentage responses of neurogenic tone and BP to IHE were equivalent to those of normotensives. The challenge of serial subtraction did not elicit further noradrenergic or pressor responses in hypertensives. Suppressed anger and anxiety, via increased basal neurogenic tone, may be pathogenic factors in some patients with primary hypertension. PMID- 7298131 TI - Unconjugated hyperepinephrinemia: a hallmark of hypertension imitating pheochromocytoma? AB - Hypertensive patients with elevated and hyperresponsive plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine (NE + E) associated with low conjugated NE + E were previously identified by determination of the sum of NE + E. Because of their excessive E but not NE responses to glucagon and also hypertension corresponding to E excess, we explored whether an elevated unconjugated E resulting from a selective E conjugation defect could be obscured by the sum of NE + E. We found that nine patients with elevated E (reflected by the normal 4:1 ratio of plasma NE to E reversed in favor of E), had, when compared to 31 patients with plasma NE exceeding E:1) lower plasma conjugated E (mean 0.03 vs 0.27 ng/ml, p less than 0.01), lower degree of E conjugation (8 vs 51%, p less than 0.01), and a higher maximum systolic (p less than 0.05), pulse pressure (p less than 0.02) and higher pulse rates (p less than 0.04), but no differences in the unconjugated and conjugated proportions of plasma NE; and 2) an absence of conjugated E throughout the circulation and relative preponderance of E over NE at sampling points close to the peripheral venous blood (p less than 0.05). The absolutely and relatively decreased plasma conjugated E in patients with E exceeding NE (without difference in conjugated NE) is a preliminary indication that a selective sulfoconjugating defect of E results in plasma E higher than NE in accordance with the hyper-beta adrenergic features of their hypertension. Epinephrine, a circulating hormone, is more dependent on conjugated E reflect better this defect than those measuring the sum of NE and E. PMID- 7298132 TI - Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity index derived from Phase 4 of te Valsalva maneuver. PMID- 7298133 TI - Enhancement of blood pressure response to dopamine by angiotensin II. AB - The interaction of dopamine and angiotensin II (AII) on blood pressure and heart rate was studied in rats. The influence of reserpine pretreatment and vagotomy was also studied. Inbred rats anesthetized with urethane received intravenous (i.v.) doses of 50, 100, 200, or 400 micron g (per 100 g body weight) of dopamine HCI, before and after a single i.v. dose of 0.025 micron g of AII. The same doses of dopamine were tested in vagotomized rats and in rats pretreated with reserpine. The effect of dopamine alone on blood pressure was biphasic, since 16 of 38 rats showed an early fall followed by a later rise. The early fall decreased significantly with the dose and was absent with the highest dose tested (400 micron g). The late rise was observed in all experiments, and it increased significantly with the dose. Parallel to hypotension, a decrease of heart rate was observed, but both phenomena appeared not to be linked by a sauce-effect relationship. Vagotomy prevented both hypotension and bradycardia induced by dopamine. Angiotensin II inhibited the early fall and increased the late rise of blood pressure induced by dopamine but had no effect on the bradycardia. Reserpine retreatment prevented the hypotensive and enhanced the hypertensive response to dopamine, and in this situation dopamine induced cardiac arrhythmia. The interaction between dopamine and AII is inhibited by pretreatment with reserpine. The early hypotensive phase and bradycardia caused by dopamine appeared to be the consequence of a vagal reflex. PMID- 7298134 TI - Baroreceptor resetting during pressure recovery from hypotension. PMID- 7298135 TI - Mechanoelastic properties of the aorta in chronically hypertensive conscious rats. PMID- 7298136 TI - Effect of salt loading on the cardiovascular response to stress in adolescents. AB - This study investigated, in normotensive adolescents, three accepted risk factors for essential hypertension (EH): stress, dietary salt, and parental history (genetic risk). The cardiovascular response to mental stress was evaluated before and after salt loading in eight subjects without, and in seven with, a family history (FH) of EH. The effect of salt loading on the FH positive group was to increase significantly the stress-induced systolic and diastolic pressure while the heart rate response decreased. Salt loading resulted in no change in cardiovascular response to stress in the FH negative group. PMID- 7298137 TI - Antiadrenergic therapy: special aspects in hypertension in the elderly. AB - The effect of antiadrenergic treatment with methyldopa was studied in 17 patients with established essential hypertension who were subdivided with respect to age in a group younger (n = 10; mean age, 47 +/- 2.4 (SEM) years; and a group older than 60 years of age (n = 7, mean age, 67 +/- 2.8 SEM). The fall in arterial pressure was associated with a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in cardiac output and heart rate in patients over 60 years of age and no change in total peripheral resistance, whereas a (nonsignificant) fall in resistance occurred in younger patients. In both age groups, a significant (p less than 0.05 and less than 0.01, respectively) decrease in plasma norepinephrine levels was observed, whereas epinephrine and dopamine showed no changes. Pre- and posttreatment values of mean arterial pressure correlated directly with plasma norepinephrine values (r = 0.35 p less than 0.05). Regardless of whether cardiac output was reduced or remained unchanged, renal blood flow, plasma and total blood volume did not change in either group with antiadrenergic treatment. Further, reflexive cardiac changes (responses to isometric exercise and upright tilt) remained qualitatively unchanged. It is concluded that antiadrenergic treatment with methyldopa lowers arterial pressure additionally by decreasing circulating norepinephrine levels. The antihypertensive effect is associated with a fall in peripheral resistance in the younger and a decrease in cardiac output in the older patients, and does not compromise renal blood flow or cardiac reflexive responses. PMID- 7298138 TI - Treatment of hypertension in 1981. AB - Antihypertensive drugs reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This was demonstrated by controlled clinical trials. While most complications are dramatically reduced it is not certain whether the incidence of myocardial infarction is decreased by treatment or whether the severity of the infarct is reduced. The prognosis in patients with borderline and mild hypertension varies widely depending on the number of other risk factors present. Patients with mild hypertension and low risk profiles may not obtain enough benefit from treatment to justify the side effects, inconvenience, and expense of such therapy. Such patients should be individually evaluated as to the need and desirability of treatment. Patients who are not treated with drugs should be seen for an annual follow-up to detect progression. Low sodium diets are effective but they are not practical because it is difficult to adhere to the required degree of sodium restriction. Weight-reducing diets also reduce blood pressure but compliance again is difficult, although it is worth advocating for the few patients who will maintain the diet more or less indefinitely. Between 1973 and 1977 in the United States there has been an 8% decline in deaths due to heart disease, a 17% decrease in deaths due to stroke, and an increase in average life expectancy from 71.3 to 72.8 years. Could this be the result of more widespread treatment? PMID- 7298139 TI - Hypertension and economic activities in Sao Paulo, Brazil. AB - A study of the prevalence of hypertension was undertaken among workers in 10 subsectors of the economy in Sao Paulo, a major urban-industrial area of Brazil. Included in the study were 5500 subjects 15-65 years of age, employed in 57 randomly selected firms. Hypertension rates (DBP greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg) were higher among males up to 44 years of age. There was a decreasing gradient from mild to moderate and severe forms in all groups. Severity tended to increase with age in all groups. Black males showed higher rates than whites (29.2% vs 16.7%, p less than 0.05), the excess being partially accounted for by moderate and severe forms (40% vs 20%). Subjects who overworked showed a trend toward higher hypertension rates. Higher rates in four subsectors (metallurgy, finance, transport, and journalism), aside from the distribution of known risk factors and job selection, may reflect a variety of work-related stressors. PMID- 7298140 TI - Blood pressure levels in urban school-age population in Chile. AB - Two blood pressure (BP) measurements separated by 3 months were performed according to international guidelines on 2976 students (11 to 19 years) of different economic levels. Obesity was defined based upon height and weight. With the first measurements, 59th and 95th percentile value distribution curves were defined. Systolic hypertension (SH) was found in 9.5%; 10.2% were males and 8.9% females. The sample showed that 8.1% were obese (240 cases); among them the incidence of SH increased to 28.8% (69 cases) (p less than 0.01). In the entire sample, diastolic hypertension (DH) was 4.3%; males, 2.7%, and females, 5.5% (p less than 0.01). Among obese students, DH increased to 8.3% (20 cases) (p less than 0.01), and showed prevalence figures of 5.8% for obese males and 10.3% (14 cases) for obese females. After a second measurement, DH for the sample decreased to 1.8%. Salt intake and familial antecedents of high BP showed differences between hypertensive and normal populations. PMID- 7298141 TI - Rat (Ile5) but not bovine (Val5) angiotensin raises plasma norepinephrine in rats. AB - A part of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin II (AII) may result from its ability to enhance norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic noradrenergic nerve terminals. To investigate this proposed pressor mechanism of AII, the effects of intravenous (i.v.) infusion of AII on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines in pithed rats were determined. Two naturally occurring angiotensins, valine5 AII (bovine) and isoleucine5 AII (rat), were administered in equal (72 ng/min) doses. Valine5 AII caused an 80% increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 54 +/- 4 to 97 +/- 19 mm Hg. Isoleucine5 AII caused an 82% increase in MAP from 49 +/- 5 to 89 +/- 18 mm Hg. Neither angiotensin caused a change in heart rate, suggesting that pithing completely destroyed the central baroreceptor reflex mechanism. Plasma catecholamines were differentially affected by the peptides:isoleucine5 AII significantly increased plasma NE concentration by 82% compared to saline-infused rats (p less than 0.01). Valine5 AII did not significantly affect plasma NE concentration. Plasma dopamine and epinephrine concentrations were not significantly altered by infusion of either analog. Despite the significant increases in plasma NE concentrations with isoleucine5 in AII-infusion rats, there was no correlation between plateau MAP or the percent increase in MAP and plasma NE concentrations of individual animals within this group. The ability of angiotensin to elevate MAP, increase NE release from sympathetic nerve terminals, as well as potential differences in the actions of angiotensins in different species, and angiotensin receptor heterogeneity, are discussed. PMID- 7298142 TI - Degranulation of renomedullary interstitial cells during reversal of hypertension. AB - It was demonstrated earlier that the renal venous effluent of one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats contained a vasodepressor lipid resembling the antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid (ANRL), following unclipping and as the arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered. Consequently, the sham-unclipped (clip intact) and the unclipped kidney (CK and UCK) were studied by electronmicroscopy and morphometrically (Weibel's techniques). Renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC) of the CK had abundant granules. The collecting duct (CD) had tall lining cells containing pale granules and displayed intercellular channels. Following unclipping, the RIC degranulated and the CD cells became flattened, lost their pale granules, and the intercellular channels disappeared as the MAP decreased. These changes were evident by EM appearance and volume density measurements. The renopapillary changes occurred as the kidney secreted the ANRL-like substance into the blood. PMID- 7298143 TI - Demonstration of a humoral inhibitor of the Na+-K+ pump in some models of experimental hypertension. PMID- 7298144 TI - Experimental spike and wave EEG pattern from thalamic stimulation in anaesthetized juvenile monkeys. AB - A bilaterally synchronous 3/sec spike and wave pattern in the EEG can be obtained during stimulation of the nucleus medialis dorsalis (nMD) and nucleus paracentralis (nPC) of the thalamus, in lightly anaesthetized juvenile monkeys. The spike and wave EEG patterns have a frequency of 2 1/2 to 3Hz and occur during low frequency stimulation, without continuing into the post-stimulatory phase. Stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) at higher voltages inhibits the thalamic-induced spike and wave response. This finding has heuristic significance, as activating stimuli arrest the wave and spike EEG pattern of human absence (petit mal epilepsy) seizures. The study also demonstrates the morphological similarity of the 3/sec spike and wave thalamic induced response in experimental and clinical absence states as well as similarities in their alterations with different levels of activation. PMID- 7298145 TI - Arrest reaction with concomitant spike and wave afterdischarge following thalamic stimulation in conscious juvenile monkeys with Al (OH)3 focal premotor lesions. AB - The behavioural and electroencephalographic responses resulting from stimulation of a specific area in the nucleus medialis dorsalis (nMD) of unanaesthetized juvenile Rhesus monkeys is described. A behavioural arrest reaction, lack of awareness and motor inhibition with concomitant 2 1/2 to 3Hz spike and wave EEG afterdischarge patterns were obtained by stimulation of the nMD in monkeys with bilaterally symmetrical aluminium hydroxide Al (OH)3 lesions in anterior premotor cortical areas. PMID- 7298146 TI - Circadian rhythms in a few species of tropical bats. PMID- 7298147 TI - Muscular training through localized in vivo electrical stimulations. AB - In vivo electrical stimulations were applied to the gastrocnemius muscles of intact frogs for prolonged periods which lead to improved muscular efficiency and delayed onset of fatigue. The muscular strength improvement was correlated to increased tissue contractile proteins and decreased collagen content. Elevated levels of muscular fuels, mitochondrial content, oxidative metabolism in the stimulated muscles were suggested to be responsible for the delayed onset of fatigue. In view in these characteristics regarding the improvement at physical and metabolic levels, the muscles exposed to chronic electrical stimulations were termed as trained muscles. The applicability of electrical stimulations to induce the training effects into the muscles in atrophic and dystrophic conditions to avert the muscle wastings was suggested. PMID- 7298148 TI - Morphine hyperthermia in rats: role of neurochemical substances in brain. AB - Central neurochemical mechanism underlying the hyperthermic effect of morphine has been investigated in rats. 200 micrograms morphine hydrochloride, when administered through cerebroventricular route at different seasonal air temperature, caused a rise in rectal temperature of rats. This hyperthermia was not affected by prior administration of antiserotonergic (pCPA, 5.6-DHT) or anticatecholaminergic (PBZ, 6-OHDA) drugs, as well as by PGE synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin. Similarity, cholinergic muscarinic or nicotinic receptor blockers, such as atropine and pentolinium/ D-tubocurarine respectively, were ineffective to modify it. Whereas, the depletion of acetylcholine in brain by pretreating the animals with hemicholinium profoundly delayed the hyperthermia, suggesting a central cholinergic involvement in morphine induced hyperthermia in rats. PMID- 7298149 TI - Cardiovascular effects of acetaldehyde in guinea pigs. AB - The hemodynamic effects of intravenous administration of acetaldehyde were determined in anesthetized control (group I), propranolol pretreated (group II) and phentolamine pretreated (group III) guinea pigs. Acetaldehyde produced an immediate and significant increase in mean arterial pressure followed by its progressive decrease resulting in hypotension. Heart rate increased significantly. In propranolol treated animals, acetaldehyde-induced tachycardia was not produced whereas in phentolamine treated animals, the initial pressor response was converted into a depressor one. Hence the increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate produced by acetaldehyde are likely to be due to catecholamine release from adrenergic nerve endings. PMID- 7298150 TI - Chronopharmacology and optimisation of dosage schedule. PMID- 7298151 TI - Effect of acephate (orthene) on tissue levels of thiamine, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, glycogen and blood sugar. AB - Effect of Acephate, an organophosphorus insecticide, on tissue levels of thiamine, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, glycogen and blood sugar, has been studied. The albino rats, injected subcutaneously with Acephate (25 mg/10 gm body wt./day) for 4 weeks and 8 weeks, showed appreciable depletion of thiamine in liver, heart, kidney, brain and blood. The depletion of thiamine was found to be more after 8 weeks of Acephate injection. There was concomitant increase in pyruvic acid and lactic acid in various tissues. There was enormous depletion of glycogen in liver and slight rise in blood sugar concentration. The animals injected thiamine (120 micrograms/100 gm body wt./day) along with Acephate, showed more or less normal levels of thiamine, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, liver glycogen and blood sugar. The increase in pyruvic acid and lactic acid in tissues has been attributed to depletion of thiamine which is required of pyruvic acid oxidation. The increase in blood sugar has been attributed to the excess breakdown of glycogen. PMID- 7298152 TI - Effect of mersalyl at cholinoceptive sites. AB - The effects of an organic mercurial compounds, mersalyl, were tested at the muscarinic and nicotinic sites (the smooth muscles, frog heart and frog rectus muscle) in vitro. Mersalyl had an antimuscarinic effect in the smooth muscle tissues and in the myocardium. On the frog rectus muscle, mersalyl had some potentiating effect on acetylcholine response. PMID- 7298153 TI - Neuropharmacological actions of some newly synthesized Mannich bases. AB - Benzamido (alkyl) methyl pyrrolidine Mannich bases were synthetized and subjected to certain neuropharmacological studies. All the bases reduced the pentobarbitone sleeping time and rota-rod grip of rats. The Mannich bases II, III and V raised the minimal electro-shock seizure threshold of rats. The TAB-induced pyrexia was not reduced by the bases I and III in rabbits. None of the bases showed any significant analgesic activity. PMID- 7298154 TI - Continuous illumination and oogenesis in albino rabbits. AB - Photo periodism is probably a phenomenon of natural selection. The critical period of ovulation can be adjusted to the environmental condition such as exposure to continuous illumination (LL) at constant temperature. Many investigators have also observed that blindness in girls causes early menarche while opposite results are obtained in rats. The present study was based upon the changes in circadian rhythm of ovaries of albino rabbits, by exposing the animals to continuous illumination through an electric bulb of 100 watt kept at one metre distance, at 37 degrees C, vaginal smear showed constant estrus. It was observed that degenerative changes started appearing in the histology of ovaries from first week of experiment. Degenerative changes were gradual and led to complete metaplasia or atrophy of ovary. PMID- 7298155 TI - The use of combustion technique of tissue processing for the study of the distribution of 14C-salicylate in rats after oral administration. AB - The distribution of 14C-salicylate (150 mg/kg, orally) in rat tissues was studied, at different time intervals upto 2 hr. A fairly rapid distribution was noted and a peak level was found to occur at 30 min after administration of the labelled drug in all the tissue studied. The combustion technique was used for tissue processing to determine the radioactivity as compared to the digestion method of tissue processing utilised by Sturman et al. (5) for their studies. The combustion technique was found to be more sensitive, as at a dose of 150 mg/kg (0.5 ml containing 5 uCi) administered orally, there was a greater level of radioactivity in all tissues as compared to the levels found by Sturman et al. (5) for a dose of 200 mg/kg (0.2 ml containing 2 uCi) administered intraperitoneally. PMID- 7298156 TI - Variations in brain and heart acetylcholine content in rat: cervical dislocation vs guillotine technique. AB - The stress induced in animals due to handling prior to sacrifice has been shown to produce changes in total acetylcholine (Ach) content of the brain and heart of adult rats. Two methods of killing the animals were compared viz. cervical dislocation and decapitation by a guillotine technique; the former method producing more handling stress than the latter. Ach levels were significantly lower both in brain and heart when the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. PMID- 7298157 TI - Potentiated anticonvulsant effect against and audiogenic seizure with frusemide and diphenylhydantoin sodium. PMID- 7298158 TI - Effect of solar eclipse on isoproterenol treated rats. PMID- 7298159 TI - An antihistamine antagonises emesis due to an antihistamine. PMID- 7298160 TI - Neutrophil responses to platelet-activating factor. AB - 1-O-Alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine (i.e., platelet-activating factor) was prepared and confirmed to possess potent platelet aggregating activity. It was also potent in aggregating and degranulating rabbit and human neutrophils. When injected into rabbits, the lipid induced profound neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anaphylactic symptoms. The lyso derivative of this lipid, 1 O-alkyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine, was inactive or several orders of magnitude weaker in inducing these responses. The acetylated lipid appears to be a potent stimulator of both platelets and neutrophils. Its anaphylactic-like toxicity may be related, at least in part, to its ability to aggregate or otherwise stimulate these cells. PMID- 7298161 TI - 13-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid inhibits rat liver glyoxalase II. AB - 13-Hydroperoxylinoleic acid (13-HPLA) inhibited glyoxalase II in rat liver supernatants with half the maximum inhibition occurring at a 13-HPLA concentration below 0.1 microgram/ml. The extent of inhibition was increased by EDTA and decreased by Mn2+ and Co2+. Zn2+ and Cu2+ inhibited control enzyme activity. Glyoxalase II catalyzes the destruction of S-lactoylglutathione. Both 13-HPLA and S-lactoylglutathione have been shown to potentiate histamine secretion. It is suggested that 13-HPLA does so, in part at least, by inhibiting glyoxalase II and thereby causing a concomitant increase in S-lactoylglutathione level. It is also possible that S-lactoylglutathione mediates other of the effects of 13-HPLA and fatty acid hydroperoxides in general. PMID- 7298162 TI - A two-fold effect of L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone on the oxidative metabolism of guinea pig phagocytes. AB - The protease inhibitor, L-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone (TPCK), stimulated the O2- production, H2O2 generation, oxygen consumption, and the hexose monophosphate shunt of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphs. Other protease inhibitors were not able to stimulate the metabolic burst of these cells. Maximum stimulation was obtained at 100 microM concentration of the compound. No stimulation was seen in human blood polymorphs even at concentrations higher than those effective on guinea pig polymorphs. TPCK also stimulated the oxidative metabolism of guinea pig blood polymorphs and of guinea pig resident peritoneal macrophages. At concentrations which did not stimulate the oxidative metabolism of guinea pig polymorphs, TPCK inhibited the O2- production induced in these cells by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or with other soluble stimuli. Other protease inhibitors also inhibited the respiratory burst induced by PMA. It is concluded that TPCK exerts two effects on the metabolism of guinea pig phagocytes, which are probably mediated by different mechanisms. The inhibitory effect on the PMA-stimulated respiratory burst might be related to the antiprotease activity of TPCK, while the stimulation of the respiratory burst seems to be independent of protease inhibition. PMID- 7298163 TI - Phagocytosis-induced 51Cr release from activated macrophages and blood mononuclears. Effect of colchicine and antioxidants. AB - The chromium-release test was adapted to the measurement of the cellular injury induced when activated macrophages phagocytose particulates. Macrophages obtained from rabbit lungs undergoing BCG-induced chronic inflammation released more chromium when incubated in the presence of phagocytosable particles than when incubated under resting conditions. Blood mononuclear cells, 40-60% monocytes, procured from the same BCG-injected animals, were less susceptible to phagocytosis-induced injury than the macrophages obtained from the lungs. The amount of chromium released by the activated macrophages was proportional to the number of particles present during incubation. In the presence of catalase, the amounts of chromium released by phagocytosing and resting macrophages were similar; in the presence of superoxide dismutase and cytochrome c, the amount of chromium released by phagocytosing macrophages was 13-35% less than the amount of chromium released by macrophages incubated without the antioxidants. In addition, colchicine, an inhibitor of degranulation also exerted partial inhibition of the chromium release. These results suggest that oxygen radicals and lysosomal contents contribute to the cellular injury that results from phagocytosis. PMID- 7298164 TI - Development of MCH curriculum for the undergraduates in medical colleges. PMID- 7298165 TI - Teaching of integrated maternal and child health & family welfare. PMID- 7298166 TI - The incidence and nature of drug abuse in adolescence personality correlates and predictive models. PMID- 7298167 TI - Social factors operating in feeding practice and dietary pattern of under-threes. PMID- 7298168 TI - Leukaemia in children--a ten-year study. PMID- 7298169 TI - Physical parameters of the newborns in Western Orissa. PMID- 7298170 TI - Plasma and CSF electrolytes in tuberculous meningitis. A concurrent study. PMID- 7298171 TI - Pneumothorax in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7298172 TI - Achalasia cardia. PMID- 7298173 TI - Leiomyoma of the intestine. PMID- 7298174 TI - Heteropagus. PMID- 7298175 TI - Cleidocranial dysostosis. PMID- 7298176 TI - Genetic studies of the murine corneal response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The murine genetic control of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa eye infection previously has been demonstrated to be regulated by two complementing dominant genes, PsCR1 and PsCR2. The PsCR1 locus apparently is not associated with the H-2 complex, whereas the PsCR2 locus could not definitively be associated with H-2. In this study we attempted to demonstrate a possible H-2 linkage of the PsCR2 locus. A panel of inbred congenic strains varying with either the H-2 haplotype or genetic background from inbred partners of C57BL/10, C3H, A, and BALB/c strains were characterized for their P. aeruginosa infectivity phenotypes. These studies indicated that the PsCR2 locus is not associated with the H-2 locus. Furthermore, variations of the H-2 haplotype did not change the resistance patterns observed in these strains. However, BALB.B and BALB.K congenic lines were resistant to P. aeruginosa eye infection, whereas BALB/cJ mice were susceptible. Examination of hybrids (BALB.K X BALB/cJ)F1 and (BALB.B X BALB/cJ)F1 demonstrated that an autosomal dominant gene(s), PsCR, confers resistance. Segregation analysis for the H-2 haplotype and the PsCR gene in offspring of backcross matings with the BALB/cJ parental strain suggested that this PsCR gene is not linked to the H-2 complex and has an inheritance pattern of a single locus or several tightly linked loci. PMID- 7298178 TI - Mitogenicity of influenza hemagglutinin glycoproteins and influenza viruses bearing H2-hemagglutinin. AB - The hemagglutinin glycoprotein is responsible for the mitogenic effect of influenza A viruses of the H2N2 subtype. This was indicated by the ability of viruses bearing the H2-hemagglutinin glycoprotein, regardless of its associated neuraminidase, to induce lymphocyte proliferation in normal spleen cell suspensions and by the ability of antisera with specificity for the H2 hemagglutinin to block this response. Moreover, purified hemagglutinin from representative viruses from the H0N1, H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, and influenza B subtypes were also shown to be mitogenic. PMID- 7298179 TI - Effects of pneumolysin on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets. AB - Pneumolysin was bound by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a reaction which occurred very rapidly at 0 degrees C. Low concentrations of pneumolysin were found to stimulate leukocyte migration and lysosomal enzyme secretion. At increasing lysin levels, inhibition of spontaneous migration and chemotaxis, cell death, and lysis were observed. Pneumolysin was also found to lyse platelets and to activate serum to become chemotactic. PMID- 7298180 TI - Rabbit macrophages secrete two biochemically and immunologically distinct endogenous pyrogens. AB - Rabbit endogenous pyrogens occurred in two forms. One was an apparently single protein with a pI of 7.3; the other was a family of proteins with pI values of 4.5 to 5.0. We selected two of the latter, with pI values of 4.6 and 4.72, as representative of the group and compared them with the pI 7.3 pyrogen. Antisera raised in three goats completely neutralized the pyrogenic activity of the pI 7.3 pyrogen. Larger doses of these antisera did not block the pyrogenic activity of either of the pI 4.5 to 5.0 pyrogens. The pI 7.3 pyrogen contained a free --SH group which was essential to its biological activity. It was inactivated by 100 mM N-ethylmaleimide or 200 mM iodoacetamide, bound to Thiol-Sepharose columns, and could be eluted from them with mercaptoethanol. Neither of the pI 4.5 to 5.0 pyrogens was inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide, and neither bound to Thiol-Sepharose. Both endogenous pyrogens gave negative results in the Limulus lysate test for bacterial endotoxins. These results suggest that the pI 7.3 and pI 4.5 to 5.0 endogenous pyrogens are not closely related to each other and are consistent with the idea that they may not be related at all. Alternative hypotheses are discussed. PMID- 7298177 TI - Sequential determination of circulating immune complexes in experimental filariasis. AB - Levels of circulating immune complexes were measured in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi during an 11 month infection. Using 16 infected and 8 control animals, we found three general trends, which correspond to events in the life cycle of the filarial worm in the host, in all individually infected jirds. These were (i) an initial peak of immune complexes at 2 weeks postinfection, (ii) a drop to a minimum postinfection value near the beginning of patency, and (iii) a gradual increase in immune complex levels beginning at the time of peak adult worm size and continuing to a maximum value at approximately 10 months postinfection. Microfilarial levels and hemagglutination assay titers to adult worm antigens did not correlate with immune complex levels. PMID- 7298181 TI - Idiotypes and biological activity of murine monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of measles virus. AB - Three hybridomas, designated C2, V17, and B2, were produced from BALB/c mice after immunization with measles virus. All three were directed against the virus hemagglutinin (HA). The HA is a structural peptide of the virus and constitutes a major target for the host immune response during measles infection. The monoclonal anti-HA antibodies have biological functions such as (i) measles virus neutralization in vitro, (ii) binding to acutely and persistently infected cells, and (iii) inhibition of HA-mediated Rhesus monkey erythrocyte agglutination. Different idiotypes, designated HAMM-1, HAMM-2, and HAMM-3, were defined on C2, V17, and B2, respectively, by syngeneic anti-idiotype sera against those three monoclonal antibodies. A limited cross-reactivity with the HAMM-1 idiotype was detected in sera from some BALB/c mice immunized with measles virus. The anti idiotype sera could significantly inhibit the biological functions of the HAMM-1 and HAMM-3 idiotypes bearing monoclonal anti-HA-antibodies. This suggests a possible role for auto-anti-idiotypes in the immune response after infection with measles virus. PMID- 7298182 TI - Inhibition of dental plaque acid production by the salivary lactoperoxidase antimicrobial system. AB - Resting human whole saliva inhibited acid production by glucose-stimulated, homologous plaque. The degree of inhibition of plaque acid production correlated positively with the concentration of hypothiocyanite (OSCN-) ions in saliva. Supplementation of saliva with an appropriate combination of thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of OSCN ions and in more effective inhibition of plaque acid production. In most cases, the inhibition was complete when the supplements were added directly to saliva plaque mixtures. Acid production resumed when the inhibitory effect of OSCN- was reversed by addition of thiols. Among the oral defense factors, the salivary lactoperoxidase system seems to play an important role by producing highly reactive antibacterial products (including OSCN-) which can regulate bacterial metabolism in the human mouth. The concentration of OSCN- in normal human whole saliva seems to be just below the threshold level required for plaque inhibition. Therefore, enhancement of this system in vivo may be effective in the regulation of plaque acid production. PMID- 7298183 TI - Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa: chemotactic responses of Vibrio cholerae and description of motile nonchemotactic mutants. AB - A motile, chemotactic, Ogawa strain of Vibrio cholerae was attracted by all 20 L amino acids tested, in contrast to Escherichia coli AW 405, which did not react to several of these. The maximum number of vibrios entering a capillary was much lower when the capillary contained carbohydrates rather than amino acids, but the minimum effective concentrations of the carbohydrates and amino acids tested were of the same order of magnitude. L-Fucose, a sugar known to inhibit the adhesion of this vibrio strain to brush border membranes, had no attraction (taxin activity) for it. A pepsin digest of rabbit mucosal scrapings or tryptone attracted vibrios as strongly as the most active amino acids. Several nonchemotactic and one nonmotile mutant were selected from the parent vibrio. The nonchemotactic mutants were indistinguishable from the parent in their ability to attach in vitro to isolated intestinal brush border membranes, whereas the nonmotile mutant had lost this ability. Parent and nonchemotactic mutants had equal growth rates in stirred and still continuous flow cultures that were maintained in an anaerobic environment. PMID- 7298184 TI - Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa: fitness and virulence of nonchemotactic Vibrio cholerae mutants in infant mice. AB - Contrary to earlier findings with all other in vivo and in vitro models of cholera studied, nonchemotactic vibrio mutants showed a relatively greater fitness in 5-day-old infant mice as compared with chemotactic parent or chemotactic revertant strains. This trend was manifest in the relatively greater number of nonchemotactic mutants recovered from the upper small intestine at 4 and 18 h after intragastric infection. The same trend was also revealed in the significantly greater virulence (in terms of time to death) of nonchemotactic mutants as compared with the chemotactic parent or revertant strains. Histological studies in infant mice of the penetration of chemotactic and nonchemotactic vibrios into the mucus gel of the small intestine yielded the same findings as in all other models studied, i.e., significantly greater penetration by chemotactic vibrios. There was no correlation between the relative fitness of nonchemotactic vibrios in the small intestine of infant mice and the rate of recovery of viable nonchemotactic vibrios from that site. In contrast, excellent correlation was found between the relative fitness of nonchemotactic vibrios and a decrease in the recovery of viable cells of the chemotactic strain from the small intestine. This indicates that the relatively greater fitness of the nonchemotactic vibrios in infant mice was only apparent and that the observed phenomenon was actually due to an antibacterial mechanism which prevented the accumulation of the chemotactic strains in the small intestine rather than to any stimulating effect on the nonchemotactic mutant itself. To study the in vivo fate of the inoculum in infant mice, vibrios were labeled with either 32P, 35S, or [3H]thymidine. Specific activity determinations of the 32P label were compatible with the assumption of an accelerated rate of death of the chemotactic parent strain in the small intestine. Results with the other isotopes, however, were significantly different. Indeed, the amount of radioactivity retained in the small intestine after feeding labeled bacteria correlated more closely with the isotope used than with the strain of vibrio under study. Consequently, considerable doubt must be cast on the general validity of this not uncommon technique for determining the in vivo location and the death or survival of radioactively labeled bacteria. PMID- 7298185 TI - Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa: in vivo studies. AB - In vivo loops were prepared in the small intestine of rabbits and injected with mixtures of Vibrio cholerae and polystyrene spheres (1.1-micrometers diameter). The loops were removed and frozen after 15 min and then sectioned in a cryostat. The locations of particles and vibrios were determined microscopically. The vibrio/particle ratio was unity in the lumen of the loops, but increased 10-fold in the deep intervillous spaces, indicating active invasion of the mucus gel by the chemotactic parent strain. Motile nonchemotactic mutants and nonmotile mutants of this strain invaded the mucus at the same rate as inert particles. Similar results were obtained with intestinal loops prepared in germfree mice. When germfree mice were disassociated with mixtures of chemotactic (parent or revertant) and nonchemotactic mutant vibrios in equal proportions, the chemotactic strain rapidly outgrew its nonchemotactic counterpart in the intestine. Nonchemotactic mutants introduced as monoassociates into germfree mice were rapidly overgrown by nonmotile mutants which apparently arose spontaneously in the gut. Motility was therefore beneficial to survival only when it was directed by chemotactic stimuli, whereas it was a liability in the absence of such stimuli. Growth of chemotactic vibrios in small intestinal loops of rabbits paralleled that of nonchemotactic mutants for the first 4 to 6 h. Thereafter, the growth rate of the chemotactic vibrios was significantly faster. This was correlated with a significantly higher degree of association with the mucosa on the part of the chemotactic vibrios. PMID- 7298186 TI - Role of chemotaxis in the association of motile bacteria with intestinal mucosa: in vitro studies. AB - Various Sephadex G-15 fractions of pepsin-digested mucosal extract inhibited the in vitro association of cholera vibrios with mucosal slices. Inhibitory activity paralleled the taxin activity of the fractions for these bacteria. This supports the theory that inhibition of mucosal association by pepsin-digested mucosal scrapings was due to the blocking of taxin receptors on the bacterial surface. Nonchemotactic mutants were significantly less efficient than the chemotactic parent or revertant strains in associating with mucosal slices in vitro. Control experiments in which filter paper disks replaced the mucosal slices showed a comparable extent of association of chemotactic and nonchemotactic vibrios with this material. Histological studies indicated that vibrios associated predominantly with the mucus gel of the intestinal slices rather than with the mucosal epithelium or the serosal surface. Intestinal slices attracted chemotactic vibrios even after prolonged washing, suggesting continuous production of the taxin by the tissue. Inert polystyrene particles 1.1 micrometers in diameter penetrated the mucus gel of intestinal slices very poorly, but nevertheless could be detected in low numbers in the deep intervillous spaces within 15 min. In contrast, chemotactic vibrios reached the deep intervillous spaces in significantly higher numbers, whereas motile, non chemotactic vibrios reacted like the inert particles. It is concluded that mucus gel represents a partial barrier to the penetration of particles of bacterial size and that this barrier can be invaded efficiently by motile bacteria, but only when their locomotion is guided by chemotactic stimuli. PMID- 7298187 TI - Experimental Campylobacter diarrhea in chickens. AB - An animal model for Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni enteritis was developed in 3-day-old chickens. Diarrhea was induced in 88% (22 of 25) of chickens inoculated with 9 X 10(7) bacteria given orally. The mean incubation time was 45 h (range, 24 to 72 h). Considerable weight loss was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group. Ninety bacteria was the minimal infective dose capable of inducing diarrhea in 90% of the chickens. Overall mortality was 32% (8 of 25). Light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy of the gastrointestinal tract of serially sacrificed chickens were performed in control and experimental groups. A moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells was observed in ileum and cecum in the experimental group, with no disruption of intestinal mucosa. By immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, campylobacter was located within the epithelial cells and phagocytosed to a greater degree by mononuclear cells of the lamina propria. PMID- 7298188 TI - Attachment defect in mouse fibroblasts (L cells) persistently infected with Chlamydia psittaci. AB - Almost all the cells in populations of mouse fibroblasts (L cells) persistently infected with the 6BC strain of Chlamydia psittaci were immune to superinfection with high multiplicities of C. psittaci, whether or not the L cells contained visible chlamydial inclusions. As ascertained by experiments with 14C-labeled C. psittaci, immunity to superinfection resulted from the failure of added chlamydiae to attach to persistently infected host cells. However, when exogenous C. psittaci was introduced into persistently infected L cells by centrifuging the inoculum onto host cell monolayers or by pretreating the monolayers with diethylaminoethyl-dextran, these chlamydiae produced expected numbers of infectious progeny. Persistently infected L cells were associated in an unknown way with a C. psittaci population that entered the host cells only with the aid of centrifugation or pretreatment with diethylaminoethyl-dextran. Inclusion-free, persistently infected L cells appeared to present at least two separate hindrances to chlamydial activity: blockage of the attachment of exogenous elementary bodies to persistently infected host cells and prevention of the initiation of chlamydial multiplication by means of a normal developmental cycle in the absence of added C. psittaci. PMID- 7298189 TI - Cytadsorption of Mycoplasma pulmonis to rat ependyma. AB - Mycoplasma pulmonis was inoculated intracerebrally into neonatal rats. Hydrocephalus was induced, and the lateral ventricles and aqueduct were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Mycoplasmas were observed to be cytadsorbed to the ependymal surface. PMID- 7298190 TI - Experimental cholera in germfree suckling mice. AB - Vibrio cholerae V86 El Tor Inaba caused experimental cholera in germfree ICR suckling mice. Sucklings born of gnotobiotic mothers monoassociated with the same strain were completely protected against live oral homologous challenge. PMID- 7298191 TI - Intracellular replication of Leishmania tropica in mouse peritoneal macrophages: comparison of amastigote replication in adherent and nonadherent macrophages. AB - Intracellular replication of Leishmania tropica was assessed in mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures. L. tropica replicated poorly in macrophage monolayers: both the percentage of cells infected and the number of intracellular amastigotes decreased with time in culture. In contrast, nonadherent macrophages supported continuous replication of the parasite, and intracellular amastigotes increased more than 10-fold in these cultures over 8 days. PMID- 7298192 TI - Effect of immunization on the genesis of pneumococcal endocarditis in rabbits. AB - The effect of immunization with whole organisms on the development of Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis was examined by in vivo and in vitro methods. Immunization protected rabbits from pneumococcal endocarditis when the in vivo catheterization model was used. The inoculum size that caused endocarditis in 50% of the unimmunized rabbits was 1.1 X 10(5) colony-forming units, whereas 1.2 X 10(7) colony-forming units were required for infecting 50% of the immunized rabbits (P less than 0.001). Investigations were carried out to determine the mechanism which enabled immunization to prevent the development of pneumococcal endocarditis; they indicated that a reduction in bacterial adherence could not explain this phenomenon. In vitro studies showed that subagglutinating quantities of antibody increased the adherence (P less than 0.05) of pneumococci to rabbit aortic valve cusps. The adherence ratio of pneumococci to fibrin platelet clots was at least doubled by the presence of subagglutinating dilutions of immune sera (P less than 0.001). Further studies showed that immunoglobulin G in the immune sera accounted for this increased in vitro adherence. However, further in vivo studies showed that immunized rabbits were able to clear live pneumococci from their bloodstreams within 4.5 h, whereas unimmunized rabbits failed to clear the organism within 24 h. PMID- 7298193 TI - Interactions between Histoplasma capsulatum and macrophages from normal and treated mice: comparison of the mycelial and yeast phases in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. AB - Interactions between macrophages (alveolar and peritoneal) from normal, vaccinated (with heat-killed yeast cells), and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-treated mice and the mycelial and yeast phases of Histoplasma capsulatum were observed. Phagocytosis of microconidia, small hyphal fragments, and yeast cells occurred 4 to 6 h after the infection of macrophage cultures. Conversion to the yeast phase began at 6 to 7 h and was complete after a 72-h incubation at 37 degrees C. Macrophages surrounded and adhered to macroconidia and large hyphal elements. More macrophages (65 to 68%) from BCG-treated mice contained fungi at 24 h than did macrophages from normal or vaccinated mice. Although there was no increase in the number of fungi in macrophages from vaccinated mice, only the macrophages from BCG-treated mice contained fewer fungi after 48 h of infection with the mycelial phase of H. capsulatum. Fungal growth was not inhibited in any of the macrophage cultures when infected with the yeast phase. The macrophages infected with yeast cells were destroyed after 48 to 72 h in the culture. Only BCG-treated macrophages survived infection with the mycelial phase, whereas macrophages from normal and vaccinated mice were destroyed by the infection. PMID- 7298194 TI - Production of cholera-like enterotoxin by a Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strain isolated from the environment. AB - Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strain E8498, isolated in 1978 from fresh water in Louisiana, produced a vascular permeability factor when cultured in shallow resting cultures of Casamino Acids-yeast extract-glucose medium for 24 h at 30 degrees C. Undiluted resting culture filtrates contained heat-labile permeability factor activity which was only partially neutralized by cholera antitoxin and GM1 ganglioside. Supernatants concentrated with PM-10 membranes caused hemorrhage and necrosis in rabbits within 1 h after intracutaneous injection, whereas appropriate dilutions of both filtrates and concentrates demonstrated delayed permeability factor activity, without hemorrhage or necrosis, which was indistinguishable in appearance from that caused by purified cholera enterotoxin produced by V. cholerae O1 Inaba strain 569B. Crude E8498 filtrates contained the biological equivalent of about 5 ng/ml of purified enterotoxin. Permeability factor activity in the fraction obtained by 20 to 50% saturation of filtrate concentrate with ammonium sulfate could be completely neutralized by reference standard cholera antitoxin prepared against purified 569 B enterotoxin. Hemorrhagic activity was unaffected by cholera antitoxin. A 5,000-fold concentrate of the culture supernatant yielded a line of identity with purified cholera enterotoxin in an agar gel double-diffusion test against cholera antitoxin purified by affinity column chromatography with BrCN-activated Sepharose 4B-linked purified cholera enterotoxin as the adsorbent. These findings indicate that V. cholerae non-O1 E8498 produces a permeability factor which is immunologically and biologically indistinguishable from that produced by a strain of V. cholerae O1 classical biotype. PMID- 7298195 TI - Cellular immune response during uncomplicated genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in humans. AB - A lymphocyte transformation (LT) assay for the study of the cellular immune response to Chlamydia trachomatis in humans is described. Subjects studied included 9 newborns whose mothers were C. trachomatis culture negative, 16 seronegative, sexually inexperienced adults, and 107 patients seen at a sexually transmitted disease clinic, including 31 men presenting with acute nongonococcal urethritis and 76 women with known or suspected uncomplicated gonorrhea or with uncomplicated C. trachomatis genital infection. LT stimulation indices (SI) were less than 3.5 in newborns and normal adults, as well as 11 of 12 seronegative, isolation-negative sexually transmitted disease clinic subjects. LTSI greater than 3.5 was found only with subjects who were sero- or culture positive for C. trachomatis. Among men with nongonococcal urethritis, the LTSI correlated better with culture than with antibody. Among women, the LTSI correlated better with antibody than with culture. LTSI decline significantly 3 to 4 weeks after curative therapy in men with nongonococcal urethritis, suggesting that LT response is short-lived and that the LTSI may be an indicator of acute C. trachomatis infection. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive LT assay and of serum and local antibody tests, in terms of C. trachomatis infection defined as positive isolation, were also compared. The predictive value of a positive LTSI for C. trachomatis infection was generally low in the sexually transmitted disease clinic patients: 62% in men with nongonococcal urethritis and 37% in women. However, this study did show the LT assay to be a useful specific test for monitoring the cellular immune response to C. trachomatis infection. PMID- 7298196 TI - Clinical significance of enterococci in blood cultures from adult patients. AB - The significance of enterococci in the blood cultures of 79 adult patients encountered in a 21-month period was reviewed by means of clinical data. One blood culture consisted of an aerobic and an anaerobic bottle. Patients were divided according to the clinical picture into those with "likely", "possible", and "dubious" septicemia. Those with "likely" septicemia showed significantly more positive sets and more often two positive bottles in a single set taken on the same day than patients in the other categories. They also grew cultures with shorter detection times, with 90% of all cultures eventually yielding enterococci within three days after collection. Finally, probability figures relating positivity in one or two bottles to detection time and category of significance are presented. They may be used prospectively to assess the chances of a blood cultures reflecting any of the three above categories. PMID- 7298197 TI - Fourteen serotypes of ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasmas) demonstrated by the complement-dependent mycoplasmacidal test. AB - Previously, we found that strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum could be divided into 11 serotypes using the mycoplasmacidal (MC) method for serotyping. Subsequent study has shown that two pairs of these strains were sufficiently closely related to cause us to revise the typing scheme into nine distinct serotypes. Other investigators, using different methods to detect serotypic diversity, have found eight serotypes. We have now compared our nine strains with the eight prototype strains developed by Ford and Black, and we have used reciprocal MC titers of antisera for the comparison. Three pairs of strains from our group and the group prepared by Ford and Black were found to be serologically closely related or identical, leaving six serotypes in our series and five in the other series that were serologically unique. Thus 14 serotypes of U. urealyticum have been identified in these studies, and a 15th strain that is apparently serologically distinct from the others, has recently been described in Vancouver. PMID- 7298199 TI - [Resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococci to new cephalosporin antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of new cephalosporins was examined using 60 coagulase-positive, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus strains and compared with that of cefalothin, methicillin and oxacillin. The results showed cefamandole to be the most effective of the new cephalosporins, its activity being comparable to that of cefalothin; cefoxitin was comparable to oxacillin and methicillin. Cefuroxime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime and moxalactam were ineffective against staphylococci. Varying degrees of hetero-resistance to all antibiotics of the beta-lactam group were found. A synergistic effect was obtained with subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin in combination with cefamandole or cefuroxime. In an investigation of routine determination of methicillin resistance by the diffusion method, it was found that resistance can be ascertained reliably with the technique of both the German Industrial Norm (DIN), which has not yet been officially introduced, and the technique of the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) using a methicillin disc (5 microgram) or an oxacillin disc (1 microgram) and an incubation temperature of 35 degree C. The possibility of using beta-lactam antibiotics in infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci is discussed. PMID- 7298200 TI - Functional defects of neutrophils in visceral larva migrans syndrome. PMID- 7298198 TI - Composition of fluids from diffusion chambers implanted in the soft tissue and kidneys of rabbits. AB - The fluids from diffusion chambers implanted in soft tissue and kidneys of rabbits were analysed for total protein, albumin, enzymes, ions, glucose, creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and cholesterol. These date were compared with the corresponding values in plasma. Our data for chamber fluid are in good agreement with data reported for interstitial fluids. The composition of the kidney chamber fluid is nearly constant from three to ten weeks after implantation. The low urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations indicate that the chamber is not located in the urine collecting area of the kidney. Three days after subcutaneous implantation of chambers, the fluid contains less protein than plasma but has an equal concentration of ions, thus meeting the principal requirements for interstitial fluid. There are indications that the healing process lasts up to ten days after the surgical implantation. In order to examine the permeability of the diffusion chambers, the equilibration half-life times of antibiotics and substances of high and low molecular weights were determined in vitro. PMID- 7298203 TI - Performance and strain in short-cycled repetitive work. AB - The present study is an attempt to assess and compare the job related perceived effort and some forms of strain of 20 high and 20 low performance female subjects doing short cycled repetitive work. Their task consists of feeding machines with tobacco leaves for wrapping and finishing cigars. The results, quite unexpectedly, show that the high performance subjects spend more effort and experience a greater degree of strain as compared to the low performance subjects. It seems that the high performers are subjecting themselves to more stress and strain to earn a higher rate of bonus because they are less satisfied with their pay. One possible step to solve this problem might be the readjustment of the bonus system. Another step might be the adaptation of the cycle time of the machine to the differences in speed skill of the workers. PMID- 7298201 TI - The incidence of Chlamydia psittaci antibodies in patients with respiratory tract diseases. AB - The incidence of Chlamydia psittaci infections in Hamburg has been studied using the complement fixation test on 655 human sera collected from patients with respiratory tract diseases. Of the 653 sera investigated, 78 (11.9%) showed antibody titers between 1:8 and 1:128. Of the positive sera, 21 (16.9%) presented values of greater than or equal to 1:32. This infection is encountered more often in individuals over 21 years of age (15.9% to 23.4%) than in persons under 20 (0.8% to 6.0%). General practitioners' attention must be drawn to Chlamydia psittaci infections, since they seem to be of greater importance in human pathology than is generally assumed. PMID- 7298204 TI - Quantitative determination of bis (chloromethyl) ether (BCME) in the ppb range by using portable air sample collectors. AB - Using the GC-MS technique a new method could be developed for measuring air concentrations of the carcinogenic Bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME) at the lower ppb level after the compound has been adsorbed to Porapak Q in a sample tube. Simulation experiments have shown that the whole amount of adsorbed BCME can be recovered from the adsorbent and that the former disturbing factors (such as co adsorbed water and thermal desorption that tended to decompose the BCME and thus falsify the results of analyses) are wholly eliminated. The storage time of BCME in the tube has no influence on the recovery rate. PMID- 7298202 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: interaction of endotoxin and staphylococcal toxins. PMID- 7298206 TI - [Pentachlorophenol and liver-function: a pilot-study on occupationally exposed collectives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298205 TI - Biochemical effects of chronic exposure to noise in man. AB - Biochemical parameters in 75 normal healthy male subjects exposed to intense noise of 88-107 dB(A)(6-8 h/day) for 10 to 15 years during their work situation have been monitored and compared with 35 normal unexposed subjects. Levels of free cholesterol (P less than 0.001), gamma-globulin (P less than 0.01) and cortisol (P less than 0.01) were found to be significantly higher in the exposed subjects. Significant changes in free cholesterol also altered the ratio of free to esterified cholesterol significantly (P less than 0.001). The value of the A/G ratio was also lower in the exposed group. Uric acid did not show any change. The study shows that in the exposed group the esterification process of cholesterol was modified. There was an effect on pituitary-adrenal axis as well as host defence mechanism. PMID- 7298208 TI - Influence of smoking and alcohol consumption on blood lead levels. AB - Blood lead levels were determined in 88% of all men and women born in 1936 and residing in four suburbs of Copenhagen, i.e., 504 men and 548 women. Smoking habits and alcohol consumption were assessed by interview and were found to be independent of other indicators of lead exposure. Increased blood lead levels of smokers could, for the most part, be explained by augmented alcohol intake as indicated by the partial correlation coefficient and by the relationship between alcohol consumption and lead levels in non-smokers. Further, smoking contributed little to the blood lead levels of individuals who did not consume any alcohol. A multivariate analysis indicated that one unit of alcohol (1.35 cl pure ethanol) per day might contribute 0.5-1.0 microgram lead/100 ml blood. No significant difference was found between the influence of beer, wine, and hard liquor. PMID- 7298207 TI - [Investigations on neurotoxicity of chemical substances at the workplace. II. Determination of the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity in persons occupationally exposed to pentachlorophenol (author's transl)]. AB - We examined eighteen workers (three women, 15 men) in a pentachlorophenol (PCP) processing factory, with a mean activity of 12 years. PCP in blood and urine samples was analyzed by gas chromatography. To evaluate the peripheral nervous system the maximal motor as well as sensory nerve conduction velocities of the ulnar and/or median nerve were measured. The PCP-levels in plasma ranged between 0.02 and 1.5 ng/l, median 0.25 ng/l, and in urine between 13 and 1,224 micrograms/l, median 112 micrograms/l, or between 11 and 2,111 micrograms/g creatinine, median 111 micrograms/g creatinine. The median values of the neurophysiological parameters showed a mild degree of slowing in the PCP collective. In the case of the sensory nerve conduction velocities, this decrease was significant. A dose-effect relationship between internal PCP-load and the different nerve conduction velocities could not be demonstrated. The individual evaluation of the toxicological and neurophysiological results gave hints that in some cases decreased nerve conduction velocity is caused by chronic exposure to PCP. PMID- 7298209 TI - [Studies on differences in the preventive effects of habitual physical activity in occupation versus leisure time. II. Effects of physical activity in occupation versus leisure time on physical working capacity (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and twenty men, aged 23--60 years and having various professions participated in studies on relationships between daily physical activity and physical performance capacity (PPC). The determination of daily physical activity at work and of the habitual leisure time activities has been described earlier (Ilmarinen et al. 1980). The determination of physical performance capacity was based on W170, W85% and on predicted VO2 max measured with continuously increasing work load on a bicycle ergometer. The W85% modification corresponds to the working capacity at a heart rate level of 85% of maximal heart rate. Workers with a combination of heavy physical work and active leisure time showed systematically the highest absolute and relative values of PPC. However, although the results indicated that the effect of work activity on PPC was not significant, the effects of leisure time activities on W85% and on VO2 max related to lean body mass were significant. It is concluded that the leisure time sport activities are more important than the physical activity at work in maintaining or increasing the PPC. Aerobic sport activities in leisure time are recommended both for persons with physically heavy and light work. PMID- 7298211 TI - Temporary threshold shift of vibratory sensation after clasping a vibrating handle. AB - The temporary threshold shift of vibratory sensation (TTSv) at 125 Hz after clasping a vibrating handle was investigated in relationship to four influencing factors: discrete frequency and acceleration of the vibration exposed to, the grip in clasping a handle and the time after exposure. Clasping the vibrating handle resulted in significantly larger TTSv than shown in clasping a non vibrating handle. The TTSv after exposure to the 250 Hz vibration was significantly the largest in all frequencies at equal acceleration. The TTSv recovered exponentially as time elapsed after exposure. The TTSv also increased proportionally to the power of acceleration at each frequency and grip force. The larger grip force resulted in a significantly larger TTSv. A general form of regression equation of TTSv involving the four factors was established. The prediction equations obtained confirmed that a frequency around 200 Hz induced the largest TTSv among vibrations with equal acceleration and around 240 Hz among vibrations with equal velocity. PMID- 7298210 TI - Allergy to fish in fish meal factory workers. AB - Fifty-one fish meal factory workers in four Polish harbour cities were investigated. They had been employed in the fish meal factory for 1--33 years and 10.7 years on average. All but seven of these were smokers. The investigation consisted of respiratory symptoms questionnaire, chest X-ray, physical examination, respiratory function assessment, intradermal skin tests to ten fish genera, total serum IgE and serum precipitins to fish antigen assessment. Chronic bronchitis was diagnosed in 29 investigated patients. In 12 (23%) of the patients, according to their case history or to skin tests, allergy to fish was suspected, but was confirmed by elevated serum IgE levels in only two of these. In no cases were serum precipitins against fish antigen found. In six patients, either obstructive or restrictive changes were diagnosed according to conventional spirometry, but by MEF50% VC in 17 subjects (33%) slight airways obstruction was diagnosed and can be regarded as the result of the habit of smoking. According to the performed investigation, only two workers presented a full clinical and immunological picture of allergy to fish. From the practical point of view, this type of professional activity is less dangerous than might be theoretically expected. PMID- 7298212 TI - Helium-oxygen flow-volume curves in detecting acute response to hair spray. AB - The acute effect of hair spray on small airway function was studied in 11 healthy subjects by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves while the subjects were breathing first air (Ar) and then a 80% helium-20% oxygen mixture (He). The flow rate response of breathing He compared to Ar (delta MEF50) at 50% of the control forced vital capacity (FVC), and the point of identical flow on Ar and He MEFV curves, known as volume of isoflow (VisoV) were measured. Eight of 11 subjects reacted to the hair spray by demonstrating a decrease in the MEF50 and delta MEF50 although the difference was not significant. However, there was a significant increase in VisoV at 12,20 and 30 min post exposure. VisoV may be a sensitive index in detecting small airway dysfunction following acute exposure to hair spray. PMID- 7298213 TI - Aminolevulinate dehydratase and blood lead levels in urban male adults. AB - The existence of an association between aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in erythrocytes (ALA-d) and blood lead level (Pb-B) has been investigated in a male urban population not occupationally exposed to lead. The data show a decrease of the mean ALA-d activity when Pb-B rises but the association is not statistically ascertained in every case when the data are examined by two different procedures. It appears first that the statistical significance depends on an adequate choice of the distribution function of the ALA-d. Secondly, factors such as interindividual variability of this biological index, lack of precision in the analytical measurements of the Pb-B and the range of the environmental exposure under observation may influence the statistical significance and induce misleading statements. The data aggregation allows the avoidance of some inconsistencies. Furthermore, the estimation of mean ALA-d for the different Pb-B may also be biased by confounding risk factors (such as smoking habits). As such factors are not presently taken into consideration in public health surveys, the no-threshold Pb-B hypothesis, suggested by the observed dose-effect relationship, cannot be strongly supported. PMID- 7298214 TI - Apparent phase-shifts of circadian rhythms (masking effects) during rapid shift rotation. AB - Six subjects worked an experimental 8 h rapidly rotating shift system in which 6 shifts were compressed into 5 d (work two mornings - 8 h interval - work two nights - 8 h interval - work two afternoons). Rectal temperature was continuously recorded and urinary excretion rates of adrenaline, noradrenaline, K+, Na+ and Hg+ were assessed in samples collected at 4 h intervals. Higher rectal temperatures and higher excretion rates of the two each catecholamines than those expected from the normal circadian rhythms were observed during night work, while lower than expected values were recorded forenoon sleep. In these three rhythms, immediate, significant 3-4 h delay phase-shifts occurred in the two days following night shifts. The acrophases reverted suddenly to their initial positions when the subjects returned to their normal sleep/wake schedule. The circadian rhythms of the excretion of electrolytes were not perceptibly disturbed. It is concluded that the apparent phase-shifts were due to a direct influence (masking effect) of the changes in body functions during sleep and wakefulness on the measured parameters, and that no true phase-shifts (entrainment) occurred in the endogenous circadian regulation. The evidence of such an immediate, partial adaptation to unconventional sleep/wake patterns supports the adoption of rapidly rotating shift systems which would not greatly interfere with the endogenous oscillators. PMID- 7298215 TI - Lung-retained contaminants, urinary chromium and nickel among stainless steel welders. AB - The magnetic method of measuring the amount of lung retained contaminants as well as urinary chromium and nickel determinations have been performed among 83 stainless steel (SS) welders who have used manual metal arc (MMA) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding techniques. The welders were divided into four groups according to the time percentage used for MMA welding. Only exposure to MMA/SS welding fumes resulted in clearly elevated chromium concentrations in the urine, the correlation coefficient between the values of urinary chromium and MMA/SS percentage being very significant (p less than 0.001). Among the smokers the urinary chromium values were increased (p less than 0.05) perhaps owing to contaminated cigarettes. In many workplaces the urinary chromium values of several welders exceeded the value of 30 microgram/l which is the recommended reference value in Finland. Owing to the solubility properties of nickel compounds in SS welding fumes urinary nickel concentrations were only slightly elevated among MMA/SS welders, and therefore, the urinary nickel determinations do not reflect the level of exposure to nickel compounds. The measured average remanent magnetic field of the chest area correlated well (p less than 0.01) with the use of the MMA technique. A very significant correlation (p less than 0.001) existed between the average remanent magnetic fields of the chest and the urinary chromium values of MMA/ss welders. PMID- 7298216 TI - [A practical method for the determination of cobalt in urine (author's transl)]. AB - A simple and reliable analytical method for the determination of cobalt in human urine is described. After an extraction step, cobalt is measured with the aid of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit is 0.1 microgram cobalt per litre urine. The recovery of cobalt, determined by the addition of a defined cobalt concentration to the urine, is in the range of 101-107%. The relative standard deviation is between 3.4 and 8.6%. In the urine of persons not professionally exposed to cobalt, concentrations between 0.1 and 0.75 microgram/l were found. PMID- 7298217 TI - Short-term exposure of human subjects to m-xylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. AB - Nine healthy male students were exposed to singular atmospheric concentrations of m-xylene (8.2 mumol/l; 200 ppm) or 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE) (8.2 and 16.4 mumol/l; 200 and 400 ppm), and also to a combination of xylene (8.2 mumol/l) and TCE (16.4 mumol/l) for 4 h per day at 6-day intervals. The effects of the atmospheric xylene and TCE concentrations on psychophysiological functions such as reaction time, body balance and CFF thresholds were studied. The exposures to xylene alone and to the lower TCE concentrations usually tended to improve the performances, whereas the higher TCE concentration alone or in combination with xylene tended to have an opposite effect, although statistically significant changes in performance, as compared to the control values, were rare. The results thus suggest a biphasic effect of TCE on the central nervous system (CNS), slight stimulation of the CNS at lower and depression at higher TCE concentrations. The results also revealed that xylene and TCE together exhibited neither kinetic interaction nor synergistic nor antagonistic effects on the CNS functions studied. PMID- 7298218 TI - Role of antibody in cytotoxicity by lymphocytes armed against 253J bladder cancer line. AB - The role of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in cytotoxicity mediated by antibody-armed effector cells was examined. Cytotoxicity mediated by unsensitized human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) directed against the human bladder cancer cell line, 253J, was significantly enhanced when MNC were preincubated with a rabbit anti-253J serum and then washed free of unbound antibody. Nonadherent, Fc receptor positive MNC were the effector cells and the arming antibody was IgG. Supernatants of 24-hour cultures and armed MNC exhibited antibody activity in ADCC assays, suggesting the ADCC was in part responsible for the arming phenomenon. PMID- 7298219 TI - Purification of a human pancreas-specific antigen. AB - Using an antibody reagent, an organ-specific antigen has been purified from human pancreas. Purification was achieved using ammonium sulfate and ethanol precipitations, concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The antigen had a molecular weight of approximately 68,000 as determined by gel filtration, was not dissociated into subunits by sodium dodecyl sulfate, and did not bind to immobilized concanavalin A. The biological significance of this antigen in pancreatic cancer is being studied. PMID- 7298220 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was evaluated in 11 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN), 50 patients suffering from chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) without renal insufficiency and 24 healthy controls. The following parameters were measured: delayed skin reactivity to purified protein derivative (PPD), circulating lymphocytes, lymphocyte cell-surface markers (En and EAC rosettes) and functional markers (mitogenic responses to Con A and PHA). The MN patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) had less mean induration of skin reactivity and a smaller proportion reacting to the PPD antigen as compared with the control subjects. In contrast, the intensity of skin reactivity and the frequency of negative reactions in MN patients in remission and CGN were similar to those of the control subjects. During the nephrotic stage of MN the proportion of T lymphocytes decreased with simultaneous increase of the proportion of B lymphocytes. It was also found that the MN patients with NS showed impaired lymphocyte reactivity with lower Con A and PHA responses compared to the normal controls. Conversely, the mean mitogenic responses to the antigens in patients with MN in remission and CGN were similar to those of the control subjects. Thus, the majority of MN patients with NS demonstrated an impaired response in a CMI assay system. The possible significance of these phenomena in the pathophysiology of MN is discussed. PMID- 7298222 TI - The use of modified Cunningham chambers for the enumeration of H rosettes, E rosettes, and lymphocyte-tumour cell conjugates. AB - In this paper, we have described the use of a slide-coverslip Cunningham chamber which is ideal for counting delicate rosettes and lymphocyte-tumour cell conjugates. The ease of construction, facility of use, and economy of cost in comparison with hemocytometers make the use of these chambers the method of choice for rosette counts in general. In contrast to standard double-slide Cunningham chambers, the design of these rosette chambers is such that they can be used with ordinary light microscope objectives (including oil immersion), they can be more easily loaded without trapping air bubbles, and they can be sealed without tilting the slide. As an example of one potential application of these chambers to tumour immunology, data have been presented showing the high proportion of lymphocyte-tumour cell conjugates which can be formed by human peripheral blood cells. The ability of any particular tumour cell to form conjugates did not necessarily reflect the susceptibility of that cell type to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis, nor was there any evidence that E rosette-forming cells preferentially formed conjugate in comparison to non E rosette-forming cells. PMID- 7298224 TI - Testicular testosterone concentration, interstitial cell density and spermatogenesis in infertile men. AB - The concentration of testosterone was estimated in testicular biopsies taken from infertile men under general anaesthesia and was found to vary between 0.77 and 9.87 nmol/g wet tissue (median 3.41 nmol/g). Spermatogenesis was assessed by the Johnsen scoring technique but there was no evidence of a deficiency of intratesticular testosterone being associated with dysfunction of the seminiferous tubules. Similarly, there was no direct relationship with testicular size, clinical diagnosis, or the concentration of testosterone found in peripheral plasma taken at the same time as the testicular biopsy. These negative findings were not explained by variation in the volume densities of the Leydig cells assessed in 10 biopsies selected to the representative of the range of testosterone concentrations found in entire series. A retrospective comparison between the concentration of testosterone in peripheral plasma at the time of surgery and the available preoperative levels found in 10 patients provided further evidence for the previously reported lowering of testosterone levels by general anaesthesia. It is suggested that future studies of testicular androgens should be conducted on tissue obtained under local anaesthesia in order to eliminate this effect. PMID- 7298223 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity as revealed on the footpads of mice to azobenzenearsonate-acetyl bovine serum albumin. AB - A strong delayed-type footpad reaction was established in mice using azobenzenearsonate-acetyl bovine serum albumin (ABA-AcBSA) as an antigen. Male ddY/S mice were sensitized by subcutaneous injection of 100 microliter of Freund's complete adjuvant - saline (1:1) emulsion containing 100 microgram of the antigen and challenged by subcutaneous injection of 2.5 microliter of Freund's incomplete adjuvant - saline (1:1) emulsion with 2.5 microgram antigen in the footpad on the 10th day after the sensitization. The analysis of the system which fulfilled criteria for delayed-type hypersensitivity with regard to kinetics, passive transfer and histology of the footpad reaction, and the effect of dexamethasone, indomethacin and quinacrine on the footpad reaction were described. PMID- 7298226 TI - Creatine kinase in seminal plasma of infertile men: activity and isoenzymes. AB - Creatine kinase (CK) activity was determined in the seminal plasma of 169 men divided in a) 11 groups according to etiological diagnosis of infertility and b) 2 groups on the basis of the normal or abnormal spermiogram. Electrophoretic separation of CK isoenzymes on agarose gel was also performed. We found that: 1) in seminal plasma enzyme activity is 4.2 times higher than the upper limit in normal serum, 2) CK activity in seminal plasma is exclusively due to the isoenzyme BB (CK1). 3) there is a statistically significant difference of the enzyme levels between men with normal spermiogram and oligo-asthenozoo-spermics, yet with wide overlapping of the individual values, 4) there is no correlation between CK activity and the variables of the spermiogram, as well as between enzyme activity and fructose or acid phosphatase in seminal plasma. PMID- 7298225 TI - A follow-up study among 285 men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. AB - The present investigation deals with the answer to a simple questionnaire from 147 men with azoospermia and 138 men with severe oligozoospermia (sperm counts less than 10 million/ml), earlier admitted to our clinic as male partners in barren couples. Twenty men in the azoospermia group and 52 men in the oligozoospermia group had received different types of infertility treatment. The conception rates reported were 1.6% and 10% in the azoospermia group, and 19.8% and 17.3% in the oligozoospermia group for the untreated and treated subgroups respectively. Only 21% of the men were interested in adoption, whereas 61% answered that they were favourably inclined towards performance of heterologous insemination of their wives. No significant increase in the conception rate was observed in the couples who had achieved adoption. The marriages appeared to be remarkably stable, only 3.5% of the men were divorced or separated from their wives. These results emphasize the necessity of including control groups in treatment trials of male infertility and would also suggest that female partners in these couples should be treated more actively. PMID- 7298221 TI - Human antibodies against trimellityl proteins: comparison of specificities of IgG, IgA and IgE classes. AB - The specificities of antibodies of different Ig classes against trimellityl (TM) human serum albumin were examined by a radioimmunoassay inhibition technique. The antisera were from workers exposed to trimellitic anhydride who had 4 differing respiratory diseases. The studies demonstrated similarities between reactivities of antibodies of different Ig classes in these workers in that inhibition of antibody to TM-HSA required markedly less TM-HSA on a molar basis than TM ovalbumin (OA) or sodium trimellitate (NaTM), the hapten for the trimellityl group. The results appears best explained by formation of new antigenic determinants on altered HSA molecules with the TM group forming a component of some of the new antigenic determinants. NaTM in high concentration could not completely inhibit the IgG antibodies of 2 sera suggesting either very low affinity for the hapten or that some of the antibodies might possibly be directed against new antigenic determinants formed from the reaction of TMA with HSA but that the TM group might not be a part of the antigenic specificity. The results of some studies also suggested that there were similar antigenic specificities on TM-HSA and TM-OA but of lesser concentration or lower affinity on the latter molecules. Passive transfer studies using a serum containing IgE antibodies against TM-HSA demonstrated that these human IgE antibodies will passively sensitize rhesus monkey skin. Neutralization of the cutaneous IgE antibodies occurred with TM-HSA but not with a great molar excess of NaTM in analogy with the in vitro studies. PMID- 7298227 TI - Study of a group of 484 fertile men. Part I: distribution of semen characteristics. AB - The semen characteristics studied were the sperm count, semen volume, morphology and pre-freeze and post-thaw motility. Two categories of fertile men were investigated: semen donor candidates for artificial insemination and pre vasectomy subjects. Since mean values for each variable in the two series were similar, they could be considered as a single group of 484 fertile men. Only those subjects whose ejaculates were obtained after an abstinence of 5 days or less were retained. The distribution, mean and percentiles were determined for each variable. The 10th and 90th percentiles for sperm count, percentage of motile forms and percentage of normal cells were respectively 25 and 180 million per ml, 60% and 80% and 50% ad 75%. The three variables, sperm count, semen volume and total number of spermatozoa which were dependent on abstinence were analysed in the same manner for 3 days of abstinence. The group studied seemed to be as representative and as well defined as possible. PMID- 7298228 TI - Study of a group of 484 fertile men. Part II: relation between age (20-59) and semen characteristics. AB - Commonly measured semen variables as well as post-thaw motility have been studied as a function of age in fertile men. The mean age was 34.6 (SD = 6.6). No significant change with age was found for the sperm count, semen volume or total number of spermatozoa. Conversely, there were significant differences between age groups for the percentage of normal cells (P less than 0.01) and the percentage of motile forms (P less than 0.01) as well as for the after-thaw motility (P less than 0.001). These three variables rise, reach a maximum level at 30 to 35 years of age and then decrease. These changes are not explained by variations in the length of abstinence. PMID- 7298229 TI - The concentration of some inorganic ions and organic compounds in the luminal fluid of the human ductus deferens. AB - The concentrations of some inorganic ions (sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphate) and organic compounds (carnitine, myo-inositol, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine and total phosphate) were estimated in the luminal fluid collected from sections of human ductus deferens removed at vasectomy. From the data presented it would appear that in contrast to non-primate species, in the human the inorganic ions contribute more to the total osmolarity of the luminal fluid than do the organic compounds. PMID- 7298231 TI - Use of pliable bags in liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 7298230 TI - A comparison between the morphology and cell kinetics of gonocytes and adult type undifferentiated spermatogonia in the mouse. AB - A comparison has been made between gonocytes and adult type undifferentiated spermatogonia in the mouse. The following morphological resemblances were noted: 1. Proliferating gonocytes, at days 13 and 14 p.c., resemble proliferating undifferentiated spermatogonia between stages IX and IV in the adult. 2. Gonocytes in G1 arrest, from day 15 p.c. until birth, resemble undifferentiated spermatogonia in G1 arrest from stage IV until stage VIII. Both populations of cells undergo the same morphological changes during this period, known to accompany transformation of most Aal spermatogonia into A1 spermatogonia in the adult. 3. Gonocytes in late G2 or prophase, 24 h p.p., resemble A1 spermatogonia in late G2 and prophase in stage IX. 4. Most of the daughter cells of the gonocytes resemble A2 spermatogonia, the others resembling adult undifferentiated spermatogonia. The hypothesis is put forward that gonocytes are identical to adult type undifferentiated spermatogonia. The primordial germ cells then give rise to adult type spermatogonial stem cells (As). PMID- 7298232 TI - Effect of the nature of technetium coordination complex on cell membrane permeability: mononuclear complex of 99mTc--penicillamine ethyl ester. PMID- 7298233 TI - A preliminary comparison of lyoluminescence dosimetry of a pi(-) meson beam with ionisation chamber measurements. PMID- 7298235 TI - How to chose a computer for the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7298234 TI - Comparison of 111In-oxine and 111In-acetylacetone for the labeling of cells: in vivo and in vitro biological testing. PMID- 7298236 TI - A microprocessor-based system for clinical cancer studies: data management and analysis. PMID- 7298237 TI - Three-dimensional pattern generation applied to spheroidal tumor growth in a nutrient medium. AB - This paper is concerned with the three-dimensional simulation of tumor growth. For this purpose a cell cycle model of a tumor cell and rules for its multiplication have been developed. Then algorithms and program packages have been constructed describing the spatial and temporal tumor growth. There is a description of several case studies simulating the growth of a single tumor cell in a nutrient medium and a treatment by surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The simulation results correspond fairly well with the experimentally observed data. As a result it becomes possible to schedule an optimal treatment of tumor diseases by means of computer simulation. PMID- 7298238 TI - Postoperative wound infection: application of multiple regression analysis to patients parameters. AB - The effect of patient parameters (age, sex, wound drainage, and wound description) on postoperative wound infection is evaluated with the aid of multiple regression analysis. The resulting multiple correlation matrix confirmed that the four parameters are not correlated. Hence, the possibility that parameter interactions introduce a bias into the observations was excluded. In the multiple regression model developed, the regression coefficients of all four parameters were statistically significant. When the relative significance of each parameter was considered, the most significant one was wound contamination, followed by the presence of wound drains. The least significant were the patient's age and sex. Male sex was a relatively more significant parameter when compared with age up to 42 years. However, beyond that critical point patient age appear to be relatively more significant than male sex. The usefulness of the model developed and possible application areas are fully discussed. PMID- 7298239 TI - Reproducibility of the densitometric analysis of fluorescein angiograms. AB - Computer-aided operator-interactive densitometry was applied to assess the reproducibility or retinal-fluorescein angiograms. To achieve this, the fundus camera images of glass tubings of various diameter filled with fluorescein of varying concentrations were subjected to densitometric analysis. These studies were carried out repeatedly at 9-micrometer and 29-micrometer scanning resolutions by three observers and thus the inter- and intra-operator errors could be estimated. The scanned data were analyzed as both optical densities and intensities for some of the measurements. In both analyzing modes good linearity was obtained when the densitometric response was plotted against tubing diameter for various concentrations. To determine the reproducibility of transit time and retinal circulation time analyses, a randomly selected patient's angiogram was repeatedly analyzed by three observers and compared. From these data the inter- and intra-operator errors were also determined for successive frames and the reproducibility of the area under the dye dilution curves for both arteries and veins was computed. The overall densitometric reproducibility was found to be good; however, practical usefulness of the retinal circulation time remains to be established. PMID- 7298240 TI - Computerization of data capture for mouse skin painting studies. PMID- 7298241 TI - The bioavailability of oral and intravenous ifosfamide in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - This study tested the feasibility of using oral ifosfamide to treat bronchogenic carcinoma and compared the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral doses of the drug. Patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma were evaluated for toxicities associated with oral ifosfamide therapy. Pharmacokinetics for various oral and intravenous doses of ifosfamide were determined by a gas-liquid chromatographic assay of plasma and urine samples. Toxicities associated with oral ifosfamide therapy were minimal. Calculated pharmacokinetics parameters are listed, with the half-lives varying from 0.5 to 4.6 h. Oral ifosfamide therapy was determined to be feasible, and further studies are justified to assess the pharmacokinetics of the optimum dosage and scheduling regimens. PMID- 7298242 TI - The pharmacokinetics of two erythromycin esters in plasma and in saliva following oral administration in humans. AB - An improved highly sensitive fluorimetric methods has been employed to measure plasma and saliva levels of erythromycin propionate and stearate in eight healthy volunteers following a single oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The plasma curves exhibited a mean half-life of 5.22 +/- s. e. m., 0.86 h-1 for the propionate and 2.97 +/- 0.22 h-1 for the stearate. Peak levels were reached at the 2nd h (4.07 +/- 0.29 microgram/ml for the propionate; 2.15 +/- 0.14 microgram/ml for the stearate). The area under the total plasma concentration curve was about 3-fold higher in the case of propionate. The concentration in saliva was about 20% of the corresponding concentration in plasma for the propionate and about 25% for the stearate. A significant positive correlation was observed between plasma and saliva levels for both macrolides. PMID- 7298243 TI - Aminophylline in ureterolithiasis: preliminary report. AB - Aminophylline (3 mg/kg i.v.) was injected in six patients with colicky pain caused by a ureter stone. In all but one this theophylline derivative caused a prompt and subjectively clear decrease in pain lasting from 30 min to 2 h. Serum levels over 12 microgram/ml were associated with good pain relief. A controlled study with an intravenous aminophylline infusion is warranted, because the pain decreasing effect was too short-lasting after a single injection. PMID- 7298244 TI - Cardiovascular effects of diltiazem in healthy volunteers at rest, supine and erect, and during physical and mental stress. AB - The hemodynamic effects of diltiazem were investigated in six volunteers at rest, supine and erect, under psychologic stress and orthostatic conditions. Plasma concentrations were also estimated. Under all conditions diltiazem showed a vasodilating property that was more pronounced on the arterial resistance vessels than on the pulmonary vessels. The first plasma concentrations were detected 15 min after drug intake, and the highest values were seen at the end of the study in the 3rd h. PMID- 7298245 TI - Methotrexate serum and saliva concentrations in patients. AB - Serum and mixed saliva concentrations were determined in two patients upon i.v. injection of methotrexate. The concentration-time profiles were followed up for 100 h after dosing. Whereas no correlation was found between serum and saliva concentrations for the first 15 h, which corresponds with the distribution phase of methotrexate, a correlation was found for the terminal phase with a serum saliva ratio of 3.8. The volume of distribution for the central compartment was approximately equal to the serum volume. The apparent volume of distribution was close to the total body fluid volume. PMID- 7298246 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of methylergometrine (methylergonovine). AB - Pharmacokinetic studies carried out on methylergometrine (methylergonovine) by a radioimmunoassay are reviewed. After intravenous injection the half-life of the distribution phase was only 1-3 min, explaining the fast and strong oxytocic response in puerperal mothers. The fast tissue uptake was also obtained in the rabbit uterus in situ with a steep dose-response curve. The rate of gastrointestinal absorption appeared to be slower in patients during puerperium (Tmax 3 h) in comparison with healthy male volunteers (Tmax 0.5 h). The bioavailability after administration was about 60%. After intramuscular injection the rate of absorption was rapid (Tmax 0.5 h). The short half-life of the elimination phase (about 0.5-2 h), low apparent volume of distribution (about that of extracellular water of the body), and the relatively high total plasma clearance value (about 120-240 ml/min) were direct evidence of the rapid elimination of the drug from the body. After repeated oral administrations no accumulation was found. Only about 3% of the single oral dose was excreted into urine, indicating hepatic metabolism and elimination. Although methylergometrine had a good penetration into breast milk in dogs, in postpartum women the mild concentrations were hardly measurable and clinically nonsignificant. Apparently there is no correlation between the plasma level and clinical effect of methylergometrine. PMID- 7298247 TI - Extrarenal clearance, distribution volume, and elimination rate of digoxin and metildigoxin in anuric patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 3H-labeled digoxin and metildigoxin were compared in six anuric patients. The following means +/- s.e.m. were obtained: extrarenal clearance of digoxin, 43.3 +/- 5.4 ml/min, of metildigoxin, 30.3 +/- 2.9 ml/min; distribution volume of digoxin, 315 +/- 29 1, of metildigoxin, 258 +/- 22 1; rate constant for elimination of digoxin, 0.0086 +/- 0.0013 h-1, of metildogixon, 0.0071 +/- 0.0007 h-1. The elimination rates correspond to half-lives of 80 h for digoxin and of 97 h for metildigoxin. From our investigations and published data a weighed mean of 47 ml/min was calculated for the extrarenal clearance of metildigoxin. This is not significantly different from the mean extrarenal clearance of 40 ml/min reported for digoxin. A total body clearance of 40 ml/min and a daily intravenous dose of 0.1 mg correspond to an average steady-state glycoside concentration of 1.74 ng/ml. PMID- 7298248 TI - Tetracycline kinetics in undernourished subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetics of tetracycline were studied in eight normal healthy adult male volunteers and six undernourished adult males, ages 25-40 years, after an intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg body wt. The post-intravenous tetracycline time curve was found to decline in a biphasic manner in both well-nourished and undernourished subjects. However, significant differences were observed in alpha and beta phase with significant alterations in microscopic rate constants and apparent volume of distribution. The kinetic constants suggested a rapid distribution with a faster rate of transfer of drug between compartments followed by a significant increase in total body clearance in undernourished subjects. The apparent volume of distribution was significantly reduced. It is concluded that due to alterations in kinetics undernourished subjects may require altered dosage regimens to maintain tetracycline concentrations above the recommended minimum inhibitory concentration in both plasma/tissue for effective therapy. PMID- 7298249 TI - Relative absorption of disopyramide as determined by liquid chromatography following acute administration of standard capsules and controlled-release tablets. AB - The absorption of disopyramide has been studied in healthy volunteers following an acute dose of 300 mg in standard capsules (C) and three controlled-release (CR) tablets with different in vitro release rates. Plasma concentrations and the urinary excretion of unchanged compound and its main metabolite, N deisopropyldisopyramide, were determined simultaneously by using a rapid and sensitive method based on liquid-solid chromatography. The rate of absorption was rapid following C, and maximal concentrations were reached within 1.5-2 h. A CR formulation produced a slower rate of absorption and the rate correlated with the drug in vitro release rate. The maximal concentration of disopyramide was reduced following CR tablets. The extent of absorption was the same following C and two of the CR formulations, whereas the CR composition with the slowest in vitro release rate presented a somewhat reduced extent of absorption. About 70% of the given dose was recovered in urine as disopyramide (50%) and metabolite (20%). The elimination half-life of disopyramide and N-deisopropyldisopyramide was close to 4 and 7 h, respectively. PMID- 7298250 TI - Dose-related depression of PHA-induced stimulation of human lymphocytes by hydrocortisone. PMID- 7298252 TI - Anti-oncofoetal proteins for targeting cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 7298251 TI - Macrophage mediated cytotoxicity in man: role of hydrocortisone, trypan blue, chloroquine and prednisolone. PMID- 7298253 TI - Mode of production and population patterns: policy implications for West African development. AB - Recent developments in population theory have made possible a re-examination of demographic evidence from West Africa which suggests that population growth and migration are primarily responses to changes in the nature of the production system. Precolonial, colonial, and independence period data provide a series of correlations consistent with the approach and suggest a possible new synthesis of the West African data. The poorest countries of West Africa are those bordering on the Sahara Desert, known as the "Sahel" region. In response to the drought and famine in that region from 1968-1974, numerous proposals have been made for increased attention to reducing population growth. The analysis presented in this paper leads to the conclusion that population policies other than those attempting to lower the birth rate are called for. These would include relocation of populations previously displaced by colonial labor migrations and the re integration of herding and farming production systems, both of which policies should be considered as population policies. Data are presented from specific projects underway in Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali, to illustrate the argument. PMID- 7298254 TI - Racism, society, and disease: an exploration of the social and biological mechanisms of differential mortality. AB - Racial differentials in mortality provide important insight into the nature of mass disease in capitalist society. Not only are the differentials sizable in magnitude, they are consistent for multiple causes of death and appear to evolve in response to social development. The relationships among social factors and the biological and physical agents of disease can be identified through racial contrasts and a pattern of causation which applies to both the minority and majority populations described. Furthermore, the impact of exploitation as the primary disease-mediating factor under capitalist social relations can be estimated. This paper attempts to combine an analysis of bio-medical mechanisms with Marxist social theory in a comprehensive framework for the study of the social origins of racial differentials. PMID- 7298255 TI - Female genital mutilation in the world today: a global review. AB - Extensive research and field work have established that more than 74 million women and female children are mutilated by female genital operations in Africa alone. The operations are also practiced in many parts of the Middle East and, with Moslemization, were introduced into Indonesia and Malaysia where they are preformed at the present time in a less damaging form. This paper lists the countries where instances of excision and infibulation have been reported and includes case reports from Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Nigeria, Mali, Upper Volta, and Senegal. The ethical issues posed by genital mutilation are also discussed. PMID- 7298256 TI - Medical drugs of limited commercial interest: profit alone is a bitter pill. AB - Medical drugs of limited commercial interest frequently are unavailable to the public even though their therapeutic efficacy is well established. At present, availability of a particular drug is unpredictable, and determined largely by pharmaceutical industry willingness to produce the drug potentially at no profit. Anticipated profitability also profoundly guides drug development decisions by industry. Federal efforts by both the executive and legislative branches to develop policy aimed at facilitating development and distribution of medical drugs of limited commercial interest have intensified. Thorough analysis of the problems and of proposed plans for their amelioration is necessary to effect a policy which takes into account the social, political, and scientific factors, as well as the profit motive. PMID- 7298257 TI - Report on the "Japanese miracle" working conditions of the Toyota factory. PMID- 7298259 TI - Determination of lead in blood. AB - Blood lead level is the widely accepted index of lead poisoning. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry offers simple and rapid determination of blood lead. The sample preparation however presents problems due to limited blood availability, low normal blood lead level and non-availability of identical standards. Wet digestion, precipitation of proteins, chelation and extraction, whole blood or Triton X-100 diluted blood have been used for atomizer have minimised the sample size and increased sensitivity. Triton X-100 dilution followed by flameless atomic absorption analysis is a simple and reliable method for the determination of lead in microquantities of blood. However, while using low temperature in the ashing cycle one must ensure that Triton X-100 does not give unspecific absorptions. PMID- 7298258 TI - An analytical procedure for the determination of cadmium in human placentae. AB - Cadmium was determined in human placental tissue by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Several sampling, homogenizing and decomposition procedures were tested with regard to their suitability for flameless AAS. Main criteria involved recovery, representativity contamination, accuracy and precision. Analysis of biological reference materials yielded results in agreement with reported certified values or grand means. A sampling strategy was developed based on expected placental distribution patterns of the metal. The sampling method used appeared to be satisfactorily representative of the organ as a whole. During 1978 and 1979 placentae were collected from mothers living in the Amsterdam area in the Netherlands. Mean placental cadmium levels of smokers (66 +/- 33 ng/g dry weight) appeared to be slightly elevated compared to those of non-smokers (51 +/- 20 ng/g). PMID- 7298260 TI - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: albinism with lipofuscin storage. AB - The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, a "tyrosinase positive' form of oculocutaneous albinism, is a triad comprising albinism, a hemorrhagic diathesis and ceroid lipofuscin storage. A pedigree is presented showing consanguinity with a pattern of pseudodominance. Electroretinography in two isolated Hermansky-Pudlak subjects was distinctly abnormal, showing decreased rod and cone responses (as well as abnormal flicker fusion responses) in one patient, and reduced photopic and scotopic responses in another. The decreased ERG responses are discussed with reference to the known retinal abnormalities in both generalized oculocutaneous albinism and Batten's disease, another ceroid-lipofuscin storage disorder. PMID- 7298261 TI - Gyrate atrophy of the retina and choroid. Two methods for prenatal diagnosis. AB - We report two methods for prenatal diagnosis of gyrate atrophy of the retina and choroid caused by an inborn error of ornithine aminotransferase activity. A high pressure liquid chromatography assay measures ornithine aminotransferase accurately and directly in cultured amniotic fluid cells. The differential incorporation of 14C-ornithine and 3H-leucine into cell protein measures OAT directly but rapidly and simply. PMID- 7298262 TI - Classification and management of hereditary retinal angiomas. AB - Two distinct types of retinal angiomas are currently recognized. Capillary hemangiomas occur most characteristically as part of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. The retinal capillary hemangiomas typically appear as globular red orange tumors with dilated and tortuous afferent arterioles and efferent venules. Cavernous hemangiomas typically appear as grape-like clusters of dilated vascular sacs without pronounced alteration in the adjacent arterioles and venules. The spectrum of clinical features of these two types of hemangiomatosis and current approaches to management of patients with these disorders is reviewed. PMID- 7298263 TI - Plasma nomifensine concentration. Cardiological effects and clinical response. AB - Cardiological effects of nomifensine were studied in 10 endogenously depressed in patients receiving up to 200 mg/day for 3 weeks. No significant cardiac effects were observed using His' bundle electrography and electrocardiography. 9 of the 10 patients showed a significant recovery from their depressive illness. Plasma nomifensine concentrations at day 22 were not correlated with clinical response, blood pressure, or electrocardiographic parameters. A negative correlation between A-H interval, in the His' bundle electrogram, and day 22 nomifensine concentration was observed. PMID- 7298264 TI - Effect of chronic sulpiride on striatal spiperone binding. AB - Increased 3H-spiperone binding after chronic neuroleptic treatment has been proposed as a molecular model of tardive dyskinesia. Sulpiride has been claimed to be an atypical neuroleptic that might not produce tardive dyskinesia. The effect of chronic sulpiride was, therefore, compared to that of chronic haloperidol on striatal 3H-spiperone binding. 3 weeks of haloperidol feeding caused a 28% increase in 3H-spiperone binding, whereas even very high dose sulpiride had no effect on spiperone binding. These findings support the concept that sulpiride may be a unique neuroleptic with regard to long-term effects on dopamine receptors. PMID- 7298265 TI - Lithium amelioration of reserpine-induced hypoactivity in rats. PMID- 7298267 TI - Effects of long-term administration of anticonvulsant drugs on chromosomes in man. AB - Effects of long=term administration of anticonvulsant drugs on chromosomes in epileptic mothers and their children were examined. Specimens from peripheral lymphocytes were prepared by incubation for 3 days and colchicine treatment. Results obtained were as follows: (1) The incidence of abnormal cells in epileptic mother group over 9 years of drug administration was significantly higher than in the group below 9 years. (2) Most of chromosome abnormalities found in subjects were of comparatively simple morphological aberrations such as gaps or breaks. The incidence of the chromosome-type abnormalities was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. (3) Chromosome abnormality of children showed a positive correlation with that of mothers but was not significant. (4) The incidence of chromosome abnormality in children was reduced along with aging. (5) These observations could be interpreted to suggest that chromosome abnormality appearing in children born from epileptic mothers under drug therapy was probably formed by direct effects of anticonvulsant drugs on the fetal hematopoietic system. PMID- 7298266 TI - [Stability of the factorial structure of the AMP system during treatment]. AB - The stability of the factorial structure of the AMP system was studied during the course of psychopharmacological treatments (day 0, 5, 10, 20) of 396 patients mainly suffering from endogenous psychoses. The analysis was based on a reduced item pool of 52 items, which occurred on day 20 in at least 10% of the patients. For the 9-factor solution the factorial structure was stable during treatment for the apathetic, the hallucinatory-desintegrative and the retarded-depression syndrome as well as for the hostility syndrome. The other five AMP syndrome showed no stable structure during the treatment. On the other hand the factorial structure of the 2-factor-solution was found to be stable on day 0, 5, 10 and 20 without exception. These results should be considered when using the AMP system for the documentation of syndromes during the course of therapeutic trials. PMID- 7298269 TI - Tranylcypromine isomers in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Biochemical effects. AB - Isomers of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine were administered separately to 15 hospitalized parkinsonian patients. The activity of the platelet enzyme, the plasma and urinary tranylcypromine, were measured. While the (+)isomer inhibited monoamine oxidase to a greater extent, both isomers increased plasma phenylethylamine. Differences between the pharmacokinetics of the two isomers were substantial, (-)tranylcypromine being excreted much faster. PMID- 7298268 TI - Dihydroergotoxine and the Seizure Threshold. AB - Dihydroergotoxine administration shortened the latency of allylglycine-and picrotoxin-induced convulsions in rats and increased the incidence of convulsions elicited by picrotoxin, i.e., it lowered ED50 for picrotoxin. The same drug (0.1 10.0 mg/kg) decreased the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the caudate nucleus and cingulate cortex, but enhanced the aminooxyacetic acid induced accumulation of GABA indicating an increased synthesis of GABA in these brain regions. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, noradrenaline, and dopamine in the whole rate brain were not affected with doses of dihydroergotoxine up to 10.0 mg/kg, but this dose of the drug slowed down the turnover of dopamine, as evidenced by a diminished disappearance of dopamine induced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration. The results suggest that dihydroergotoxine decreases GABA-ergic transmission and, therefore, presumably lowers the seizure threshold. PMID- 7298270 TI - Psychopharmacology of aggression: an overview. AB - Aggression is not a single unitary behavioral entity, then it is impossible to find a single drug showing "specific' and "universal' antiaggressive efficacy and potency. Furthermore, spontaneous aggression is essential to the self-and species preservation, and plays an important role in the process of evolution. In contrast, aggressiveness induced by prolonged socioenvironmental deprivation or isolation, raises the feature of anomalous behavior. The effect of drugs on aggressive behavior must therefore be considered in the light of this distinction, that accounts for discrepancies between the results of literature on "antiaggressive' properties and potency of psychoactive drugs. In addition, and impaired inhibitory control of the brain may be responsible for violent aggression and drugs capable of restoring such control may prove useful in managing the pathology of aggressiveness. PMID- 7298271 TI - Drug fever due to nomifensine treatment in patients with endogenous depression. AB - Nomifensine was introduced as an effective antidepressant drug with few side effects. However, among our patients we have seen 2 typical cases of drug fever due to nomifensine. 2-4 weeks after start of nomifensine treatment, 75-150 mg/day, for recurrent endogenous depressions the patients developed shiverings and fever. Nomifensine was withdrawn and both became afebrile within 1 day. A provocation test with 50 mg nomifensine p.o. again resulted in shiverings and fever within 6-8 h. 1 of the patients was allergic to other drugs and suffered from asthma. During the acute episode of illness the serum concentration of alanine aminotransferase was elevated and it normalized after stopping the treatment. A liver biopsy at that time showed liver cell necrosis, and a moderate grade of steatosis and fibrosis was also present. The results indicate that nomifensine may cause drug fever. It is possible that patients with allergy and/or liver diseases in particular may be susceptible to drug fever due to nomifensine. PMID- 7298272 TI - Serum antibody levels of uveitis patients to bovine retinal antigens. AB - Serum samples from 91 uveitis patients and controls were tested by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique to determine their relative antibody titers to bovine retinal S antigen and to a detergent extract of saline-washed bovine retina, or P antigen. Only those patients whose uveitis fell into the categories of toxoplasmosis, iritis, herpes keratouveitis, pars planitis, sarcoidosis. Behcet's syndrome, and Vogt-Koyamagi-Harada syndrome are presented in this study. Significantly elevated titers (P less than 0.05) of antibody to S antigen were found in the diagnostic categories of iritis, toxoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, and Behcet's. Elevated titers to the detergent extract were found in iritis (granulomatous and hypopyon subcategories only), toxoplasmosis, sarcoidosis, and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. The anti-S titers of patients treated with systemic steroids were depressed below normal levels. A separate control group of patients with nonuveal ocular inflammations (conjunctivitis, episcleritis, etc.) had titers very similar to normal controls. The posttreatment titers to S antigen of patients receiving laser photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy were significantly elevated over normal controls. PMID- 7298273 TI - Regression of the tunica vasculosa lentis in the postnatal rat. AB - Involution of the tunica vasculosa lentis (TVL) was examined in albino rats from 1 to 21 days after birth. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that as the lens increased in size, the larger vessels became straight and the small interconnecting vessels disappeared. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the endothelial cells lost their close relationship with the posterior lens capsule. In the endothelial cells and pericytes the cytoplasm was dense, and many of the organelles became to recognize. However, the cells appeared to remain intact for into regression, shrinking until a basement membrane-like remnant remained. Vitreal cells were close to the TVL throughout the period studied, but few contained phagosomes. During regression the TVL appeared to (1) change its shape in order to accommodate the enlarging ocular structure, (2) maintain separation of the vitreal and vascular compartments by remaining intact during regression and (3) be associated with vitreal cells, which did not seem to play a prominent role in the involution of these vessels. PMID- 7298274 TI - Organophosphates of the crystalline lens: a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. AB - We quantitated the concentrations of the principal organophosphate metabolites present in the intact crystalline rabbit lens, measured the intralens pH, and evaluated dynamic changes during 24 hr incubations, using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (P-31 NMR) spectroscopy. Tissue perchloric acid extracts prepared from these same lenses were analyzed by this technique to verify metabolite identifications and to quantitate the concentrations of the minor lens metabolites. Values for lens organophosphate concentrations, including three groups of previously unidentified phosphorus-containing substances, were established for freshly excised lenses, 24 hr incubated lenses, and lenses incubated in glucose-deficient media. Lens metabolite levels were not adversely affected by incubation in a medium previously shown to maintain lens clarity and ion transport capabilities. Conversely, lens incubation in glucose-deficient media induced significant metabolic changes characterized by a time-dependent decline in ATP, corresponding increases in ADP, inorganic phosphate, and phosphorylated hexoses. Cataract formation was noted after incubation in this medium. These findings support the hypothesis that alterations in the organophosphate levels of the lens actually preceded changes in the Na+ and K+ concentrations and therefore may be the "initiating factor" in formation of lens cataracts. PMID- 7298275 TI - Age-related changes in trabecular meshwork cellularity. AB - To investigate whether alterations in the cellular component of the trabecular meshwork occur with age, we evaluated trabecular meshwork cellularity and absolute cell number, using specimens obtained from patients ranging in age from newborn to 81 years. We obtained reproducible, quantitative measurements of these parameters, using montages of 1 micrometer meridional sections. A progressive decrease in cellularity (58%) and absolute cell number (47%) in the trabecular meshwork occurred over the 81-year period studied. Regression analysis suggested that the decrease in cellularity and cell number is linear function of age, resulting from a loss of approximately 0.58% of all cells per year. This change in cellularity parallels that seen in the corneal endothelium. implying that trabecular cells, like corneal endothelial cells, may have a limited reparative capacity. PMID- 7298276 TI - Neural contrast sensitivity measurements with a laser interference system for clinical and screening application. AB - A He-Ne laser interference device for clinical measurements of the neural contrast sensitivity fraction (CSF) is described. The system uses planoparallel glass plates for the generation of sinusoidal gratings on the retina. Incoherent light from two light-emitting diodes is superimposed for reducing the contrast to a range from 2 X 10-3 to 0.5. The device is coupled with a microcomputer that calculates the contrast sensitivity (CS) and permits control of the system by a dialogue program. The mean CSF for normal observers (95 eyes) is presented, and the data are compared with overall CS values from other authors. Pathologic CSFs of three patients are shown as examples for the clinical application. For screening purposes the CS values for five spatial frequencies are compared with the normal CSF. And loss-of-contrast values are calculated. PMID- 7298277 TI - Anatomy of the retinal nerve fiber layer. AB - Anatomy of the retinal nerve fiber layer in rabbit eyes is studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that retinal striations noted ophthalmoscopically in these eyes represent individual fiber bundles, Axon bundles are compartmentalized within tissue tunnels comprised of elongated processes of glial cell origin. PMID- 7298278 TI - Age correlated differences in the amount of retinal degeneration after striate cortex lesions in monkeys. AB - We have studied transneuronal retrograde cell degeneration in the monkey retina after striate cortex removal. We find that the amount of ganglion cell degeneration depends on the age of the monkey at the time of lesion when the survival period is held constant. Monkeys lesioned between 2 and 15 months of age showed up to 80% ganglion cell loss after a 1 year survival period, whereas adults surviving for 1 year showed only a 15% loss. PMID- 7298279 TI - Suppression of adrenergic adaptation in the eye with a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor. AB - The treatment of glaucoma patients with a topical medication is sometimes associated with adaptation (the development of subsensitivity) to the effect of the medication. In the rabbit eye, adaptation develops when norepinephrine is administered topically on a daily basis. A marked decrease in the intraocular pressure is observed the first day, but diminishing responses are observed on subsequent days. Since prostaglandins may be released in response to catecholamines and have been found to inhibit adrenergic neurotransmission, we treated rabbits with topical flurbiprofen, a potent cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin synthesis) inhibitor, to suppress adaptation to norepinephrine. The results demonstrate a significant suppression of adaptation in the concentration range of 0.001% flurbiprofen (p less then 0.0005). This finding supports the theory that cyclooxygenase products mediate the development of adaptation to exogenous norepinephrine in the rabbit eye. PMID- 7298280 TI - Temporal aspects of the dark-adapted cone a-wave in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Cone electroretinograms were elicited with a full-field red flash after-45 min of dark adaptation from 16 patients with retinitis pigmentosa and from 17 normal subjects. The average latency and implicit time of the cone a-waves recorded from the patients were each significantly delayed (p less than 0.005) compared with the average normal values. In addition, the patient's waveforms typically showed a loss of two oscillations on the rising slope of the come b-wave. These delays and waveform changes could be simulated in normal subjects by reducing the luminance, but not the diameter, of the stimulus. These studies in normal subjects suggest that shortening of outer segments of remaining cones and not simply loss of cones account for the waveforms observed in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. The results also suggest that remaining cones generate an a wave in the dark that is normal for a reduced cone visual pigment density. PMID- 7298281 TI - Transplantation and cell culture of rat urinary bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7298282 TI - Use of a density gradient column in the analysis of urinary calculi. PMID- 7298283 TI - Initiation and propagation of stimulus from the renal pelvic pacemaker in pig kidney. AB - A new in vitro method was used to examine the initiation and the propagation of the peristaltic contraction in the renal pelvis and ureter of the pig. The method enabled the direct observation of peristalsis, both microscopically and electrophysiologically. A microscopic ripplelike contraction of a constant frequency was generated spontaneously at the border between the upper, middle, and lower major calyces and their minor calyces. At the same time, electromyograms were recorded in the same regions, with a constant discharge interval that suggested to us that these might be pacemaker potentials. The waves originating from the upper calyx, middle calyx, and lower calyx propagated at different times toward the ureter. Pressure changes of an almost constant interval were recorded in each calyx and corresponded in a 1:1 ratio to the action potentials at the same calyx. Pelvic pressure changes reflected the electrical activity of the renal pelvis, but did not reflect the pacemaker activity of the renal calyx.U PMID- 7298284 TI - Utility and limitation of calciuric response to oral calcium load as a measure of intestinal calcium absorption: comparison with isotopic fractional calcium absorption. AB - The intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca), indirectly measured from the calciuric response to oral Ca load (1g), was compared to the more directly obtained isotopic fractional absorption, alpha (from the fecal recovery of orally administered 47Ca). In 17 normal subjects and 30 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), there was a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation of alpha with the Ca load responses, (r = 0.81). However, this correlation was not observed in patients with renal hypercalciuria (RH), and those with AH receiving thiazide or orthophosphate. In RH, 38 per cent of patients had elevated Ca load responses, despite normal values for alpha. The point correlating the calciuric response and alpha in these patients was below the 95 per cent confidence limit of the line correlating alpha and the load response. Thus, Ca load response often overestimated intestinal Ca absorption, because of the high basal (fasting) urinary Ca. Thiazide therapy in RH improved the correlation between the two tests of Ca absorption. However, thiazide therapy in AH produced normal Ca load responses despite persistently high alpha in 60 per cent of patients. Similarly, 50 per cent of patients with AH receiving orthophosphate had normal Ca load response, although alpha remained elevated. Thus, Ca load response underestimated Ca absorption when patients with AH took thiazide or orthophosphate, probably because these drugs augment renal tubular reabsorption of Ca. These data support the Ca load test as a valid indirect measure of intestinal Ca absorption in normal subjects and patients with AH, in whom fasting urinary Ca is not elevated. In conditions of renal Ca, leak or with various drugs known to alter renal Ca handling, there seen to be large deviations of Ca load response from alpha. Care should be exercised before reaching conclusions regarding the intestinal Ca absorption in these situations. PMID- 7298285 TI - The effect of dyes used to evaluate the in situ, ex-vivo, and perfused kidney. AB - Methylene blue, indigo carmine, and fluorescein dyes were evaluated to determine their effect on the dog kidney. Methylene blue and indigo carmine were administered intravenously and intraarterially to the in situ vascularized kidney and serial histologic appearance of the kidney was determined. The three dyes were administered intraarterially to excised kidneys that were then preserved for 1 hour in the cold and autotransplanted; and finally the three dyes were administered to the perfusate of excised kidneys that were perfused for 18 hours by cryoperfusion with an albumin perfusate and then autotransplanted. Renal function and histology were determined 5 days after autotransplantation. Methylene blue dye did not damage the in situ vascularized kidney as judged by renal histology. However, administration of methylene blue to the ex vivo kidney that was subsequently short term cold stored or perfusion stored was associated with marked apparent ischemic damage of the organ. Indigo carmine dye did not adversely affect either the in situ vascularized kidney or the short term cold stored kidney. However, with perfusion storage, indigo carmine produced apparent vasoconstriction that led to perfusion failure. Fluorescein dye was not harmful to the kidney either during short term cold storage or during perfusion preservation. It is concluded that fluorescein is the dye of choice for evaluating the vascular anatomy or macroperfusion status of the kidney. PMID- 7298286 TI - Incorporation and release of tritiated leucine in rat prostate during castration induced involution. AB - Rates of 3H-leucine incorporation into and release from the ventral prostate during castration induced involution were studied in adult male rats. We measured the rate of 3H-leucine incorporation by incubating the prostatic tissue in medium 199 containing 3H-leucine at 37 C for 1 hour. The rate of radioactivity incorporated into the protein fraction was expressed as cpm mg of protein. This rate reduced linearly from Day 0 to Day 6 post castration. Subcutaneous implantation of a silastic capsule containing crystalline testosterone to castrated rats restored the rate of incorporation to that of sham operated rats. To study the rate of 3H-leucine release, 3H-leucine prepared in 0.9 per cent Na C1 solution was injected intravenously into rats 1 day before castration. The amount of radioactivity remaining in the protein fraction of the prostate, expressed as cpm per prostate, was measured at different intervals after castration or after sham operation. Radioactivity disappeared at a significantly faster rate in the prostate of castrated rats than in sham operated controls. Testosterone replacement to castrated rats delayed the rate of loss of radioactivity to a degree similar to that of sham operated rats. These findings indicate that the rapid rate of protein loss in the regressing prostate is the result of a combined action of an accelerated rate of protein degradation and a rate of protein synthesis. Testosterone administration reversed these patterns of protein metabolism. PMID- 7298287 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy of murine bladder cancer. AB - The lethality of invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has prompted a search for effective, minimally toxic, adjuvant therapy. Such agents were evaluated in a murine bladder cancer (MBT2) model which parallels the clinical disease. One hundred C3H/He mice were inoculated i.d. with 2.5 x 10(4) viable MBT2 tumor cells and randomized to receive either normal saline (control), cis-Platinum (CPT), cyclophosphamide (CY), methotrexate (MTX), BCG, (CY + MTX), or (CY + MTX + BCG). Chemotherapy was given intraperitoneally weekly starting on day 7 after inoculation. Immunotherapy was given intralesionally on days 1 and 10 only. All mice were treated for 5 weeks followed by 5 weeks of observation. At 5 weeks, tumors of mice receiving cyclophosphamide alone or either of the combinations of therapy were smaller (P less than 0.01) than tumors of controls or other single agents alone. Each regimen increased survival, but only the combination regimen increase survival significantly (P less than 0.01). In the doses and schedule used in this model. Combination chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy significantly delay tumor growth and increase duration of survival (P less than 0.01) when compared with controls or single agent groups. PMID- 7298288 TI - Crystal morphologies in whewellite stones: electron microscopy. AB - Both dried and freshly extracted samples of whewellite stones were examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to determine the spatial distribution of the organic (matrix) and inorganic (crystal) phases. The crystalline phase was determined to occur in oriented clusters within which the crystals were stacked with their broad faces parallel. Phase contrast TEM imaging revealed gaps of the order of 100 A between all crystals, and the result of dark field TEM imaging showed that these gaps contain the amorphous phase. Thus, the indications are that the matrix is sandwiched between the crystals and may, therefore, be responsible for cohesion in these stones. PMID- 7298289 TI - A cautious use of sodium cellulose phosphate in the management of calcium nephrolithiasis. AB - Oral sodium cellulose phosphate, an inhibitor of intestinal calcium absorption, may reduce urinary magnesium, increase urinary oxalate, and have a limited hypocalciuric action or cause negative calcium balance in the absence of increased calcium absorption or in the presence of renal calcium "leak". To overcome these potential complications, we have taken the following precautions: oral magnesium supplements were given, a moderate oxalate restriction was imposed, a modest dose of sodium cellulose phosphate was used (usually 10 g per day), and only patients with documented absorptive hypercalciuria were treated. During a cumulative treatment period of 42.8 years, 18 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis showed a sustained reduction in urinary calcium, without developing consistent or substantial reduction in urinary magnesium, hyperoxaluria, hyperparathyroidism, or reduced bone density, Urinary saturation (relative saturation ratio) of calcium oxalate and brushite typically decreased. Remission of stone disease was found in 78 per cent of patients. We conclude that sodium cellulose phosphate is a useful drug for absorptive hypercalciuria when used appropriately. PMID- 7298290 TI - Triple drug chemotherapy in treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma Nb Pr A.I.-III. AB - The combination of cyclophosphamide, cis-platinum, and adriamycin has been evaluated in the Nb tumor model system. Triple drug therapy has resulted in marked reduction in tumor volume (P less than 0.01), as well as decreased number of metastases (P less than 0.01). Combination chemotherapy has reduced the metastatic rate, increased complete tumor regression, and reduced the final tumor volume. The androgen insensitive tumor of Nb Pr A.I.-II was evaluated with combinations of BCNU and adriamycin in three cycles. The final tumor volume when compared to controls was significant for all of the agents evaluated (P less than 0.01). A significant decrease in the number of metastases was observed in the triple drug therapy, administered for three cycles, BCNU only, and BCNU and adriamycin. The acid phosphatase content of the treatment group's tumors, when compared to controls was significant with BCNU treatment only. PMID- 7298291 TI - Plasma lipid bound sialic acid in patients with prostate and bladder cancer. AB - Plasma lipid bound sialic acid (LSA) was measured in patients with prostate and bladder cancer to determine the usefulness of this biochemical marker in teh staging of malignant disease and in monitoring the efficacy of therapy. Patients with advanced stages of prostate cancer with bone metastases exhibited LSA levels significantly higher than normal subjects. Patients with bladder cancer showed elevations in LSA both in early noninvasive and in advanced stages of the disease. In both types of cancer, patients treated successfully and clinically free of disease did not have elevated LSA levels, whereas patients failing to respond to treatment had persistently high values. PMID- 7298292 TI - Nucleation kinetics in the calcium oxalate-sodium urate monohydrate system. AB - The nucleation kinetics of calcium oxalate were studied in the presence and absence of sodium urate monohydrate crystalline material by three experimental measurements. These included analytical determinations of calcium and radiotracer analysis of oxalate in the metastable calcium oxalate solution phase and the independent detection of new crystal nuclei by solution turbidity measurements. None of the methods gave any evidence that sodium urate increases the induction time for nucleation of calcium oxalate, in contrast to previously published reports. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms advanced to explain the interdependency of hyperuricosuria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. PMID- 7298293 TI - Effects of DES on the morphology of the lobes of the baboon prostate. AB - Ultrastructural examination of the baboon prostate has revealed differences between the caudal and cranial lobes. The cranial epithelium is characterized by electron dense, tall columnar cells which contain numerous secretory vacuoles of homogenous appearance; the caudal epithelium is comparatively shorter in height and lighter in electron opacity. The caudal cells also contain numerous secretory granules which vary in their characteristics. After diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment (5 mg per day for 3 weeks), the tall caudal cells were reduced to a cuboidal shape; the number of secretory granules in these cells was also markedly reduced. In the cranial lobe, cell height was only moderately reduced, but the secretory vacuoles were decreased both in size and number. In addition, the fibromuscular stroma of the cranial lobe was greatly expanded after DES treatment, with an increased distance between adjoining acini being clearly noted. The systemic effects of DES on the baboons were noted by significantly (P greater than 0.02) elevated levels of serum six hormone binding globulin and significantly reduced serum testosterone levels (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7298294 TI - Enzymatic changes in experimental testicular torsion. PMID- 7298295 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the male genitourinary tract: concentration and motor effect. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has previously been shown in nerves of the male and female genitourinary tract, appearing to innervate vascular and nonvascular smooth and epithelial cells. In the present study the concentration of VIP in tissue extracts of different parts of the male genitourinary tract from cat and man was determined by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the effect of VIP on the contractility of the smooth muscle from the cat genitourinary tract was investigated in vitro. The tissue concentrations of VIP were generally higher in cat than in man. In both species high concentrations were found in the vas deferens, bladder, urethra and prostate, In concentration from 3 x 10(-8) to 6 x 10(-7) mol x 1-1, VIP inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the muscle contractions in specimens from all regions examined, i.e., the vas deferens, ureter, corpus of the bladder, and urethra. The data indicate that VIP might play a physiologic role in the local nervous control of the smooth muscle activity in the male genitourinary tract. PMID- 7298296 TI - Post ischemic renal bleeding from fenal puncture site. PMID- 7298297 TI - Detection of specific IgA antibodies in serum of patients with varicella and zoster infections. AB - A sensitive solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of serum IgA antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The antigen consisted of a sonically disrupted extract of VZV-infected human embryo cells. Rabbit antihuman IgA peroxidase conjugate was used to detect human IgA bound to viral antigens. In parallel, IgM and IgG antibodies to VZV were studied by ELISA and by an immunoperoxidase antibody to membrane antigen technique, respectively. VZV IgA antibodies were detected in high titers in all 5 varicella and 8 zoster patients. Specific VZV IgM antibodies were detected in all 5 varicella patients, but only in 2 of 8 zoster patients. No VZV IgA antibodies (less than 40) were detected in 50 healthy control sera. Neither were they found in paired sera of 5 patients with herpes simplex infections, 2 patients with Epstein-Barr virus infections, and 5 patients with human cytomegalovirus infections. The potential application of ELISA IgA techniques in serodiagnosis of both primary and reactivated VZV infections is discussed. PMID- 7298298 TI - Portraits of viruses: tobacco necrosis virus and its satellite virus. PMID- 7298299 TI - Tailed phages of Pseudomonas and related bacteria. PMID- 7298301 TI - An updated survey of Bacillus phages. PMID- 7298300 TI - Nondetection of infectious hepatitis B virus in a human hepatoma cell line producing hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - The PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cell line producing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied to determine whether infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV) was also being produced. 2 chimpanzees with no previous exposure to HBV and no serologic markers of past or active HBV infection were inoculated intravenously with 50 ml of either tissue culture supernatant fluid (357 ng/ml HBsAg) or a suspension of cells disrupted by repeated freeze-thaw cycles (57 ng/ml HBsAg). No evidence of HBV infection was detected in either chimpanzee during 6 months of evaluation. This study suggests that the expression of a portion of the HBV genome, when a portion or all of that genome has been incorporated into a host cell, can result in the production of HBsAg without infectious HBV. If it becomes possible to produce a similar expression of this portion of the genome by itself in nonmalignant cells, HBsAg without HBV may be produced in vitro for use in hepatitis B vaccines. PMID- 7298303 TI - Community psychiatry in israel: evaluation reflections. PMID- 7298302 TI - Tricornaviridae - a proposed family of plant viruses with tripartite, single stranded RNA genomes. PMID- 7298304 TI - A model for an alternative educational/treatment program for adolescents. PMID- 7298305 TI - The present state and future projections for partial hospitalization: an integrative approach. PMID- 7298306 TI - The dynamics of work addiction. PMID- 7298307 TI - Responses of hyperactive and normal children to variations in tempo of background of music. PMID- 7298308 TI - Separation and stress in the military family in Israel. PMID- 7298309 TI - Second generation of the Holocaust. Holocaust survivors' communication of experience to their children, and its effects. PMID- 7298310 TI - Influence of bioflavonoids on the metabolism and crosslinking of collagen. AB - The influence of (+)-catechin (10 mg/100 g daily) and 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl) rutosides (50 mg/100 g daily) on the metabolism and crosslinking of collagen was studied in male albino rats. Compared to controls, the total activity of 3H hydroxyproline in the dermal soluble collagen did not differ appreciably while the urinary total activity of 3H-hydroxyproline was significantly lowered. When the total activities of both soluble and insoluble collagens are expressed as a percentage of the sum of both, the registered activity was less in soluble and more in salt-insoluble collagen at 12 ans 120 h after the administration of 3H proline in the treated group. Bioflavonoids were found to decrease the reversibility of neutral salt-soluble collagen gel and solubility of acid insoluble collagen to denaturing agents. The subunit pattern of neutral salt soluble collagen on sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gels revealed a decrease of alpha/beta ratio in bioflavonoids treated animals. The results of the present study indicate that the synthesis of collagen is unaffected, the crosslinking of collagen is promoted and the degradation of soluble collagen is decreased in the bioflavonoids treated groups. PMID- 7298311 TI - Effect of exogenous phospholipids on protein synthesis in confluent heart cell cultures. AB - Preincubation for 23 hr of confluent chick embryo heart cell cultures with increasing doses of a phospholipidic complex produces a progressive increase of [14C] leucine uptake and of its incorporation into proteins when compared to control cultures maintained with 0.5% foetal calf serum. Conversely, a longer time of exposure (47 and 71 hr) to the same doses of phospholipids exhibits a negative effect on both parameters. The changes in protein specific activity appear to be due to a real different capability of the cells in utilizing the amino acid taken up rather than to the changes in is endogenous availability. PMID- 7298314 TI - Marriage, morality, & sex-change surgery: four traditions in case ethics. 2. A Catholic perspective. PMID- 7298312 TI - Effects of estrogens and progesterone on GABA system in ovariectomized rat retina. AB - In an attempt to characterize the effect of estrogens and progesterone on retinal GABA metabolism, female Wistar Nossan rats were ovariectomized and treated for three days with 17 beta-estradiol (1 microgram/day), estrone (2 micrograms/day), estriol (200 micrograms/day) and progesterone (500 micrograms/day) or vehicle. After 3 days of steroid hormones treatment, GAD, GABA-T activities and GABA content were measured in retina homogenate. Progesterone did not reduce GAD, GABA T activities and GABA content from ovariectomized levels. 17 beta-estradiol, estrone and estriol decreased the GAD activity. Furthermore the decrease in GAD activity was maximal for 17 beta-estradiol whereas the estrogens treatment was ineffective on GABA-T. GABA content was significantly decreased only by 17 beta estradiol. Estrogens reduced the Vmax of GAD for glutamate as a substrate without changing the Km. PMID- 7298313 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the meeting of the group "Membranes" of the Italian Biochemical Society, April 13-14, 1981. PMID- 7298315 TI - Marriage, morality, & sex-change surgery: four traditions in case ethics. 3. A Protestant perspective. PMID- 7298316 TI - Marriage, morality, & sex-change surgery: four traditions in case ethics. 4. The common law tradition. PMID- 7298317 TI - Morality, ethics, & the new Christian right. PMID- 7298318 TI - Can a research subject be too eager to consent? Commentary. PMID- 7298319 TI - Can a research subject be too eager to consent? Commentary. PMID- 7298320 TI - Autonomy & the refusal of lifesaving treatment. PMID- 7298322 TI - The small but crucial role of health care vouchers. PMID- 7298321 TI - Health care vouchers & the rhetoric of equity. PMID- 7298323 TI - Confidentiality and rape counseling. PMID- 7298324 TI - Marriage, morality, & sex-change surgery: four traditions in case ethics. 1. A Jewish perspective. PMID- 7298325 TI - An evaluation of the Lothian 1979/80 'Mind Your Teeth Week' dental health education programme. PMID- 7298327 TI - School entrants examination--a comparison of doctor/nurse findings. PMID- 7298326 TI - The role of the physician in health education. PMID- 7298328 TI - Non-attenders at an alcoholism referral clinic. PMID- 7298329 TI - Stereotyped behaviours--prevalence, function and management in mental deficiency hospitals. PMID- 7298330 TI - [IgA deficiency in the dermatologic clinic. Frequency, clinical relevance, diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Eight of 400 (2%) unselected dermatological patients showed an IgA deficiency in their serum. Two had a complete and four an isolated deficiency of serum IgA. In three patients the IgA deficiency was combined with a deficiency of another immunoglobulin (antibody deficiency syndrome), and twice with a cellular immunodeficiency. An elevated IgE level was found in the serum of one patient. Most patients with IgA deficiency had recurrent infections of the skin and mucous membranes, or the dermatoses were caused secondarily by an inflammatory process of the latter. In contrast to the deficiency of serum IgA the concentration of secretory IgA in the saliva was normal. The immunotherapy of serum IgA deficiency depended on the existence or absence of associated immunological disorders: in case of isolated IgA deficiency substitution with enriched IgA, in antibody deficiency syndrome with gamma globulin and in combined humoral and cellular immune deficiency with additional therapy with transfer factor. PMID- 7298332 TI - [Local thermotherapy in sporotrichosis]. AB - Two patients with sporotrichosis, one of the cutaneous-lymphatic type, the other of the fixed cutaneous type, were treated with local heat therapy. The "pocket warmer" used for this purpose has the advantage of being able to maintain a constant temperature of 44 degrees-45 degrees C on the skin surface for several hours, while permitting unrestricted freedom of movement. There are no side effects. The duration of treatment depends on the type of lesion, location, depth, and size. Generally, local application for 1-2 h per day for 5-6 weeks seems to be sufficient. PMID- 7298331 TI - [Torre-Muir syndrome. Sebaceous gland neoplasms, keratoacanthomas, multiple internal cancers and heredity]. AB - The Torre-Muir syndrome includes multiple sebaceous neoplasms and keratoacanthomas, as well as multiple internal malignancies. We describe three cases of this unusual association which has not previously been reported in the German-speaking literature. The Torre-Muir syndrome appears to have a close connection to the cancer family syndrome [17, 34]. PMID- 7298333 TI - [Radiotherapy problems by skin tumors in the facial folds]. AB - The clinical observations of the higher incidence of recurrence after irradiation of skin cancer in the more furrowed and more articulated regions of the face are explained in part by physical-dosimetric measurements. We believe that the higher ratio of recurrences in these areas is attributable to several factors, such as the unfavorable patho-anatomical structure and the inherent difficulties in radiation therapy and to the inadequate determination of the tumor's depth extension. PMID- 7298334 TI - [Water urticaria]. PMID- 7298335 TI - [Skin necroses in cryoglobulinemia]. AB - The dermatological symptoms of cryoglobulinemia and the simple demonstration of cryoproteins by cooling of serum and plasma respectively is described in a patient. PMID- 7298336 TI - [Granulomatosis disciformis chronica et progressiva (Miescher-Leder)]. AB - A case of granulomatosis disciformis chronica et progressiva in a 75-year-old diabetic is reported. The dermatosis which was successfully treated with a high potent local steroid preparation, today is regarded as a granulomatous variety of necrobiosis lipoidica. The present case shows, as originally described by Miescher and Leder, that the clinical findings as well as the histopathology represent an entity which may differ markedly from the common type of necrobiosis lipodica. PMID- 7298337 TI - Training requirements for health services research: How Many? At what skill level? From which disciplines? PMID- 7298338 TI - Peer review in health services research: issues and problems. PMID- 7298339 TI - Health Services Research: the need for a constituency. PMID- 7298341 TI - The Saywell study: conceptual and methodological issues. PMID- 7298340 TI - Barriers limiting the implementation of quality assurance programs. PMID- 7298342 TI - Cost of capital, target rate of return, and investment decision making. AB - Recent attempts to develop an investment decision criterion for nonprofit hospitals that follows that for-profit criteria have resulted in little agreement. Terminological considerations are much to blame for this lack of consensus among researchers in the field. Attempts have been made to identify a "cost of capital" for nonprofit institutions, and to employ this concept in a manner similar to the way it is employed in a for-profit setting. In fact, the application of this concept to nonprofit institutions has resulted in confusion. The use of "target rate of return" in its place would orient the debate more properly toward institutional ends and the means required to achieve them. PMID- 7298343 TI - The American Hospital Association's Annual Survey of Hospitals: continuity and change. PMID- 7298344 TI - Thoughts on the AHA's annual Survey of Hospitals. PMID- 7298345 TI - On The Structure of the Market for Physicians' Services, by Robert A. McLean (Fall 1980). PMID- 7298347 TI - Applications of social support theory to health education: implications for work with the elderly. AB - The large body of evidence linking social support and health provides an important supplement to earlier theory and research suggesting the more direct role social contacts may play in influencing health behavior. Three major hypotheses have been set forth concerning the precise mechanism of action through which social support may work to maintain health and decrease susceptibility to illness. Each of these theoretical positions is described and its empirical base examined. The particular relevance of social support theory for work with the elderly is discussed. The concept of social marginality, and such network properties as strength of ties, reciprocity and network size are examined in light of their implications for the design of programs aimed in part at fostering social support among the elderly. Several examples of innovative health education programs are used to illustrate the relevance of different theoretical principles in practice settings. Attention finally is focused on the need for looking beyond social networks to the social policy and environmental contexts within which they operate. Facilitating change in those social and institutional policies which mitigate against network development and maintenance among the elderly is suggested as an important task for health education theorists and practitioners. PMID- 7298346 TI - Public health administration and health education training need more integration. PMID- 7298348 TI - The effectiveness of education for family management of asthma in children: a preliminary report. AB - This paper reports preliminary findings in a convenience sample of one half the population enrolled in a study of self-management in low income families where a child has asthma. In initial evaluation data, parents participating in self management education reported significantly less fear and anxiety associated with their children's wheezing episodes than did control families. They also reported that their children exhibited fewer signs of stress during wheezing episode. A trend toward reduced school absences and emergency room visits was noted among participating families. The actions taken by a family to manage the illness increased with the number of sessions attended. PMID- 7298349 TI - Low degree of isozyme variation within and between Herring Gull (larus argentatus), Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) and their British and Swedish subspecies. PMID- 7298350 TI - Nucleolar fragmentation in the rat pachytene spermatocytes and the Sertoli cells caused by alpha-amanitin. PMID- 7298351 TI - Micronuclei and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells and lymphocytes of humans exposed mainly to petroleum vapors. PMID- 7298352 TI - Sex differences and androgenic regulation of esterases in the house mouse. PMID- 7298353 TI - Spastic paraplegia, glaucoma and mental retardation--in three siblings. A new genetic syndrome. PMID- 7298354 TI - Cytogenetics of preimplantation embryos sired by bulls heterozygous for the 1/29 translocation. PMID- 7298355 TI - Meiotic behaviour of a rcp (13q-; 14q+) translocation in heterozygous pigs. PMID- 7298356 TI - A new genetically determined plasma protein polymorphism in the laboratory rabbit. PMID- 7298358 TI - Demonstration of g-bands after brdu incorporation. PMID- 7298357 TI - Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in lead-exposed workers. PMID- 7298359 TI - Natural killer (NK) activity in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 7298361 TI - Physical exercise in "pulmonary fibrosis". PMID- 7298360 TI - Lipid metabolism in the development of cholesterol gallstones in hamsters. III. The effect of dietary cholesterol on its biliary concentration and lithogenesity. PMID- 7298362 TI - Effect of neuraminidase on the duration of contact with Con A in lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 7298363 TI - The influence of dietary cholesterol on the lithogenesity of bile in rats treated with clofibrate (II). PMID- 7298364 TI - Characteristic impregnation of osmium tetroxide in the mouse steroid hormone secreting cells. PMID- 7298365 TI - Zinc concentration in leukocytes: mononuclear cells, granulocytes, T-lymphocytes, non-T lymphocytes and monocytes. PMID- 7298366 TI - RNA polymerases and their stimulating factor from leukemia L1210 ascites cells. PMID- 7298367 TI - THe influence of aging upon gallstones--changes in serum lipids, lithogenesis of bile and cross-sectional views of stones with age. PMID- 7298368 TI - Determination of cholesterol and phospholipids of HDL2, HDL3 and VHDL in patients with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7298369 TI - Ultrastructural study on the alveolar-capillary injury with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid in dogs. PMID- 7298370 TI - Chest x-ray findings on pyrophyllitosis. PMID- 7298371 TI - The effect of pantethine, a precursor of coenzyme A, on bile acids and lipids in rats fed with a cholesterol diet. PMID- 7298372 TI - Effect of neurotropin on the oxygen consumption and adherence capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood. PMID- 7298373 TI - Correlation between Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae in house dust mites in chronic urticaria. PMID- 7298374 TI - Quantitative cytochemistry of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins using the Naphthol Yellow S and dinitrofluorobenzene staining methods. AB - The 'total protein staining' of biological specimens with the electrostatically binding Naphthol Yellow S or the covalently binding dinitrofluorobenzene must be interpreted as methods which yield data on the specific amino acid pool of the proteins concerned. Both dyes bind to certain free amino-acid side-chains, giving different dye--protein ratios for various proteins. In the presence of DNA, dinitrofluorobenzene stains all proteins present in cell nuclei, whereas Naphthol Yellow S only stains the majority of the non-histone proteins. When protein staining methods are combined with the Feulgen--Pararosanile (SO2) procedure for DNA, decreased Feulgen--DNA contents were measured in dinitrofluorobenzene stained isolated nuclei and lymphocytes. PMID- 7298375 TI - Quantification of nuclear non-histone proteins by Feulgen--Naphthol Yellow S cytophotometry. AB - Owing to the accumulation of nuclear non-histone protein (NHP) (a) in cells entering the cell cycle from the quiescent state and (b) in continuously cycling cells during G1 phase, a simultaneous determination of DNA and nuclear NHP is of high potential utility in cell kinetic studies. This paper provides guidelines for a Feulgen--Naphthol Yellow S staining technique for this purpose. It discusses details of the preparation and quantification procedures, and reviews the evidence for a quantitative relationship between nuclear Naphthol Yellow S binding and nuclear NHP. PMID- 7298376 TI - Propidium iodide as a probe for the study of chromatin thermal denaturation in situ. AB - The possibility of using propidium iodide, a phenanthridinic fluorochrome specific for double-stranded nucleic acids, for the study of chromatin thermal denaturation in situ has been examined. Smears of lymphocytes and hepatocyte nuclei from 15-day-old rats were fixed in acetic acid--ethanol (1:3 v/v), treated with RNAse and submitted to different protein extraction procedures, namely, incubation with pepsin, trypsin and sodium chloride. Denaturation experiments were performed in Sorensen buffer at pH 7.4 containing 10% formamide at temperatures between 27 and 95 degrees C. The samples were stained with propidium iodide and mounted in buffer or glycerol. Measurements were performed with a microfluorometer at a wavelength of 446 nm. The results indicate a higher thermostability of lymphocytes as compared to hepatocytes. The denaturation pattern suggests a certain organization complexity of chromatin, better emphasized by the derivative curves which show the presence of at least three fractions with different melting points. After protein extraction, the denaturation curves exhibit a somewhat simplified pattern, with the disappearance of the most stable peak in the derivative curves. The samples mounted in glycerine exhibit a better stability of staining with time, and an increased quantum efficiency of the fluorochrome with regard to those mounted in buffer. These data confirm the importance of protein--DNA interactions in the organization of chromatin and point to some differences, depending on the cell type and on functional activity. PMID- 7298377 TI - The rationality and relative contribution of histochemical approaches to pharmacology and toxicology. PMID- 7298378 TI - The role of calcium in the toxicity of the myocardium. PMID- 7298379 TI - Toxicology of the immune system. PMID- 7298380 TI - Histochemical localization of zinc in the feline tapetum. Effect of taurine depletion. AB - High resolution electron microscopy of ultrathin sections confirms the presence of a membrane surrounding the tapetal rods in the cat. Cats depleted of taurine exhibit disruption and disorganization of this membrane, probably the first stage of more severe tapetal degeneration. Histochemical localization of zinc shows it to be present on the periphery of the tapetal rods. The amount of zinc present on the periphery of the tapetal rods of taurine depleted cats was greatly reduced. Taurine in feline tapetum, confirmed by autoradiography and direct measurement, was also greatly reduced in taurine-depleted cats. We conclude that both taurine and zinc are localized on the periphery of the tapetal rods and that they contribute to the stability of the membrane. We have also confirmed earlier reports that the cat tapetal rods contain riboflavin and no detectable cysteine. PMID- 7298381 TI - Enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the feline genito-urinary tract. AB - Besides the classical neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine the genito-urinary tract contains also neuropeptides. The distribution of substance P and VIP-containing nerve fibers have earlier been described. Also enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibers occur in the male and female genito-urinary organs of the cat. The nerves are more numerous in male than in female genital tract. The prostatic gland and vas deferens receive the largest supply. In the female genital tract the enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve fibers are regularly seen in the smooth muscle layer of the cervix. Of special interest is the rich occurrence of the enkephalin nerve fibers among th nerve cell bodies in the para-urethral and cervical ganglia supporting the view that enkephalin may play a neuromodulating role. PMID- 7298382 TI - Attempted direct visualization of negatively stained amplified immune complex of synaptic acetylcholinesterase using cryoultramicrotomy sections. AB - An immunocytochemical method is proposed for the localization of synaptic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on ultrathin frozen sections of the electric organ of the electric eel. The immune complex formed is amplified by a non-specific "sandwich" technique and visualized by negative staining. Definite white spots on synaptic cleft seem to correspond to basal lamina AChE molecules. PMID- 7298383 TI - The formaldehyde-fluorescamine method. An investigation of reaction mechanisms and optimization of the method. AB - Formaldehyde reacts with primary amino groups to derivatives which are unable to react with the fluorogenic primary amino group probe, fluorescamine. Paradoxically, however, certain specific cell systems continue to display strong fluorescamine-induced fluorescence after formaldehyde pretreatment. Among such formaldehyde-fluorescamine (FF) positive cell systems are certain peptide- and protein-secreting cells as well as all hitherto investigated types of cancer cells. We have now optimized the cytochemical FF method by using microfluorometry in combination with systematically varied reaction conditions. In addition, the quantitative data indicate that in FF positive cells, formaldehyde pretreatment causes a paradoxical increase in the fluorescence yield with fluorescamine. This has tentatively been ascribed to quenching phenomena, associated with closely spaced primary amino groups. Work with alternative fluorogenic amino group probes (MDPF and OPT) show that these display the same spectrum of tissue selectivity as fluorescamine, but that the latter remains the reagent of choice for the cytochemical FF reaction. PMID- 7298384 TI - Migrating mast cells in the gallbladder epithelium of cattle and sheep. A comparative morphologic and histochemical study. AB - This paper reports the existence of mast cells in an epithelial location in the gallbladders of both cattle and sheep. The histochemical studies performed on these cells showed that their cytoplasmic granules contain heparin and biogenic amines in both species. Optical- and electron microscopic observations demonstrated that, in both species, mast cells from the connective tissue of the gallbladder diapedese across the basal lamina and migrate through the epithelium all the way to the luminal surface, and that a degranulation process takes place during this migration. The biochemical results showed a correlation between the number of mast cells present in the epithelium and the amount of heparin detected in the different regions of the gallbladders of the species studied. Unusually high contents of heparin were found in both cattle and sheep gallbladders, suggesting that they should be studied as possible commercial sources of this polimer. PMID- 7298385 TI - Microprobe analysis of calcifying matrices and formative cells in developing mouse molars. AB - The distribution of Calcium and Phosphorus and of Na, K, S and Cl was studied in the mineralizing matrices and strata of ameloblasts and odontoblasts in developing mouse molars (5-14 days). Sections cut in a cryostat were prepared by freeze-drying and examined in an SEM by the method of energy dispersive x-ray analysis. In enamel a gradient of mineralization was observed with respect to age and topography. Progesssive loss of sulfur was also demonstrated. Less striking mineralization gradients were found in dentin. Predentin accumulated Ca at a concentration about 2% that of dentin and the Ca/P ratio was lower than that for apatite. Significant concentrations of calcium were localized in ameloblast and odontoblast strata. The concentration increased five-fold in ameloblasts as the cells matured and enamel mineralization entered the final phases, levels in odontoblasts remained stable. With age in both cellular strata, potassium counts decreased. In maturing ameloblasts the concentrations of sodium and chloride rose. PMID- 7298386 TI - The histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in the scrotum of the boar. AB - In the scrotal skin of the boar, the histochemistry of complex carbohydrates has been studied by means of a series of selected methods of light microscopy. The epidermis of the scrotal skin was found to contain neutral and acidic complex carbohydrates with different saccharide residues. The secretory epithelial cells and secretory substances of the saccular apocrine sweat glands contained sulfated, other acidic and neutral complex carbohydrates, whereas the secretory epithelial cells and secretory substances of the tubular apocrine sweat glands involved largely neutral complex carbohydrates. The two types of complex carbohydrates from the both glands were shown to contain commonly substantial amounts of various saccharide residues but were devoid of notable amounts of sialic acid residues. In addition, complex carbohydrates in the smooth muscle cells were reacted for relatively small amounts of saccharide residues. From the present results, the histophysiological significance of complex carbohydrates in the particular histologic structures of the scrotum have been discussed with special reference to the functions of the skin in the boar. PMID- 7298388 TI - The influence on enzyme activity of storage of tissue blocks at -70 degrees C. AB - Blocks of tissue from various organs of the rat have been chilled by precipitate immersion in n-hexane cooled to -70 degrees C, and then stored at -70 degrees C. At various intervals (up to 14 days) after chilling, cryostat sections were prepared from these blocks and assayed for the activity of a variety of enzymes. Enzyme activity was measured by scanning and integration microdensitometry. With the exception of acid phosphatase and cytochrome oxidase, all enzymes assayed were stable for at least 7 days after storage at -70 degrees C and most were stable for 14 days, Storage of fresh-frozen sections at -30 degrees C in the cabinet of the cryostat, for up to 24 h, had little effect on enzyme activity. PMID- 7298387 TI - New fluorophore-forming reactions for histochemical visualization of N-acetylated and tertiary indolamines using glyoxylic acid, aluminum-formaldehyde and trifluoroacetic acid anhydride as reagents. PMID- 7298389 TI - Display of maturation cycles in rat incisor enamel with tetracycline labelling. AB - Tetracycline was incorporated within seconds of intracardiac injection to form bright yellow fluorescent bands under UV irradiation in maturation zone enamel. The bands were narrow, widening with time. At several hours after subcutaneous injection, the fluorescent bands were wide and of low intensity. It is concluded that tetracycline enters maturing enamel opposite the narrow bands of non striated border ameloblasts which are probably a main exit route for organic matrix remnants. Tetracycline distribution patterns at hours after injection reflect the diffusion of this substance within enamel and the pattern of its removal, which also occurs in relation to the non-striated border, smooth-ended maturation ameloblasts. PMID- 7298390 TI - Microspectrographic analysis of trypan blue-induced fluorescence in oocytes of the Japanese quail. AB - It was shown that the vital dye trypan blue injected subcutaneously is adsorbed on exogenous yolk and stored in oocytes of Japanese quails. The binding sites of the dye could be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The spectral distribution of the trypan blue-induced fluorescence emitted by yolk granules was analyzed microspectrographically. The analysis revealed that yolk granules exhibit a deep red fluorescence radiation with a maximum intensity at 670 nm, when blue or green excitation light is used. This fluorescence was exclusively induce by the presence of trypan blue, and not by contaminants of the dye. The fluorescence intensity did not decrease during processing of the tissue throughout the different solvents routinely used in light microscopy, especially after fixation in Heidenhain's fluid, nor did it suffer from pronounced fading during irradiation of the tissue. Model experiments showed that the value of the fluorescence emission maximum was concentration-dependent, and that amounts as little as 5 x 10(-3) mg trypan blue per ml solution containing an excess of yolk as a substrate for the dye, could clearly be detected and measured. It is suggested that a highly diluted solution of trypan blue can be used without teratogenic effects, as a tracer for exogenous yolk uptake and migration into oocytes, and that fluorescence microscopy is a reliable method for its further localization. A detailed account of the procedure is reported. PMID- 7298392 TI - Intermediate electron-acceptors in quantitative cytochemistry. Comparison of phenazine methosulphate and Meldola Blue. AB - The efficacy of Meldola Blue (MB), a new intermediate electron-acceptor, has been compared with that of phenazine methosulphate (PMS) in the assay of oxidoreductase activity in cryostat sections; various tetrazolium salts have been used as the final electron-acceptors. Three enzymes: succinate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were investigated, the activity in sections being quantitated by scanning and integrating microdensitometry. Phenazine methosulphate was superior to Meldola Blue in transferring reducing equivalents from reduced coenzyme to all the tetrazolium salts examined. PMID- 7298394 TI - Evaluation of ear oximetry in the measurement of arterial oxygen saturation. PMID- 7298393 TI - Ultracytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase activity in rat thymocytes. AB - Ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity was investigated in suspensions of unfixed isolated rat thymocytes using a medium containing 0.6 mM 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as a substrate, 10 mM MgSO4 as an activator, 5 mM theophylline as an inhibitor of 3' 5'-AMP-phosphodiesterase and 2 mm lead nitrate as a capturing agent. AC activity was demonstrated in plasma membrane, perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, centriole microtubules and mitochondria. AC was activated with 10(-4) M adrenaline in the presence of 5'-guanylylimido-diphosphate (GMP-PNP) as well as with 10(-2) M NaF. In the cells incubated in a medium devoid of theophylline and containing 5'-AMP instead of AMP-PNP, 5'-nucleotidase activity was observed in the same cell structures as AC activity, Hydrolysis of 5'-AMP in the nucleus was much stronger than that of AMP-PNP. 10 mM NaF markedly inhibited hydrolysis of 5'-AMP in all cell structures. No staining was observed with 2 mM beta -glycerophosphate as a substrate. Incubation of unfixed thymocytes in media containing AMP-PNP, 5'-AMP or p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but not beta -glycerophosphate, induced both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm in some cells an appearance of a transitory reticular formation consisting of about 303nm thick strands which could penetrate the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane and form connections with adjacent cells. The transitory reticular formation seems to belong to the cytoskeleton and to be involved in cell aggregation. PMID- 7298395 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus with erosive arthritis and subcutaneous nodules: report of case. PMID- 7298396 TI - The peritoneo-venous (Le Veen) shunt for intractable abdominal ascites: report of two cases. PMID- 7298391 TI - NADP-dependent dehydrogenases in rat liver parenchyma. III. The description of a liponeogenic area on the basis of histochemically demonstrated enzyme activities and the neutral fat content during fasting and refeeding. AB - The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase(6PGDH), malic enzyme (ME) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDh) were investigated with optimized histochemical methods (Rieder it al 1978), and the activity of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (3HBDH) and neutral fat content with conventional techniques in the liver of male rats under the following experimental dietary conditions: (A) Fasting for 0, 12 and 84h; (B) 84-h fasting followed by refeeding with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 6 h and for 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 nights; (C) refeeding with standard diet for 5 nights; (D) low fat high-carbohydrate diet for 7 an 14 nights. The activities of G6PDH, 6PGDH and ME decreased slightly during fasting primarily in zone 1 and increased dramatically on refeeding with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. This activity increase was confined mainly to zone 3 during the first 3 days and was accompanied by a deposition of neutral fats that began in zone 3 and progressed to zone 1. Neutral for accumulation was maximal after 3 nights, with a uniform accumulation of large droplets in all the hepatocytes; this was followed by a release that started in zone 3 and proceeded in a periportal direction. On the other hand, G6PDH, 6PGDH and ME attained their maximum activities after 5 amd 7 nights of low-fat diet, the activities being nearly homogeneously distributed over the liver acinus in a few cases. Subsequently the activities fill mainly in zone 1, causing the activity patterns and levels to approach those of the animals in group (D). In contrast to this, the activity of ICDH increased during fasting principally in zone 1, so that the otherwise steep activity gradient in favor of zone 3 lessened. Refeeding led at first to a fall of activity below the initial value, but later the normal distribution pattern was restored. The activity of 3HBDH showed a behavior similar to that of ICDH. The findings are discussed with reference to the functional heterogeneity of the liver parenchyma, and the existence of a liponeogenic area in zone 3 is proposed. PMID- 7298397 TI - Analysis of time-dose factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth treated with radiation therapy alone. PMID- 7298398 TI - The effects of radiation of parotid salivary function. PMID- 7298399 TI - Systematic dental management in head and neck irradiation. PMID- 7298400 TI - A comparison of neutron RBE values for normal canine lung by densitometry, pulmonary function and radionuclide studies. PMID- 7298402 TI - Current concepts in cancer: ovary. Classification systems. PMID- 7298401 TI - Brain tumor therapy: prospects for combining BCNU with conventional radiotherapy schedules. PMID- 7298403 TI - Coronary arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis in fast neutron or photon irradiated dogs. PMID- 7298405 TI - "Non"-malignant tumors. PMID- 7298404 TI - A simplified alternative to orthogonal field overlap when irradiating a tracheostomy stoma or the hypopharynx. PMID- 7298406 TI - Radiotherapy with thrice-a-day-fractionation in a short overall time. PMID- 7298407 TI - Multiple murders of a schizophrenic patient: a psychodynamic interpretation. PMID- 7298408 TI - Phallic narcissistic vulnerability and the empty nest syndrome. PMID- 7298409 TI - Finding one's father: the mother's contribution to early father representations. AB - The attachment of psychic meaning to relationships emerges in pre-oedipal life through the epigenesis of the representational world. The mother-child dyad is traditionally understood as the prototype of all subsequent one-to-one relationships, including to the father. However, developmental research data suggest that a child, even in optimal situations, has relatively little actual contact with the father in the first year of life. It is therefore suggested that father-representations derive from sources outside of the father-child dyad. The way a mother brings her youngster into contact with the father can catalyze or discolor the child's affective attachment to him. Mother can facilitate or retard the "other-directedness" of an infant in her husband's presence. During separation-individuation, the mother may affect father representations through her capacity to transitively vitalize or disenfranchise the father in his absence. Correlations from both clinical psychoanalytic work and infant-toddler observation are offered in support of these hypotheses. PMID- 7298410 TI - Maternal abandonment threats, mind-body relations and suicidal wishes. PMID- 7298411 TI - An experimental study of psychoanalytic theories of depression. AB - This study involves an application of a new methodology, subliminal psychodynamic activation, which can be used to experimentally test psychoanalytic "dynamic" propositions. It was found that with a sample of neurotically depressed female patients, there was a significant decrease in depression-related responses following the stimulation of a symbiotic gratification fantasy ("Mommy and I are one"). Subliminal symbiotic stimulation had been shown previously in studies with different populations (schizophrenics, homosexuals, phobics, alcoholics and overeaters) to have similar ameliorative effects. The current results point to the importance of symbiotic dynamics and the relationship dependent on a dominant other, rather than to the retroflexion of aggression in neurotic depression. This is in keeping with the formulations of Arieti (1959), Bemporad (1953), Horowitz (1980), and the senior author (Slipp, 1977). Hypotheses regarding the effects of stimulating fantasies involving success were not supported by the primary data, although secondary data (from correlational analyses) did provide some indirect support for the senior author's hypothesis. The "Autonomous Succeed" message ("Succeed for myself") did not reverse the depressive mood, possibly because autonomy was equated with abandonment. Relatively differentiated depressives tended to respond to the "Exploitative Succeed" ("Succeed for Father or Mother") messages with a decrease in depression, while depressives with a low level of self-object differentiation tended to respond with an increase in depression. For more differentiated depressives, performing for and giving over a part of the self to another is an adaptive style that insures the dependent relationship and bolsters the patient's weak self-image. However, with poorly differentiated depressives, giving over to another raises the threat of total annihilation, since the self is already diminished. These secondary data can be viewed, however, as only suggestive and need to be pursued in future studies. The results on symbiosis in this study add to the growing literature (summarized in Silverman, 1976, 1980) indicating that subliminal psychodynamic activation is a useful technique for investigating psychoanalytic formulations in the laboratory. It was Freud's overriding hope that psychoanalysis be firmly rooted as a behavioral science and this technique seems most promising as contributing toward that end. PMID- 7298412 TI - Mental health as level of interpersonal maturity. PMID- 7298413 TI - Hydrodynamic features of pulmonary air embolism: a model study. AB - To elucidate the hydrodynamic events during pulmonary air embolism, experiments were conducted in a branching-tube apparatus and in small vessels. It was found that, as long as there existed an elevation differential between the two branches of a bifurcation, the vast majority of air bubbles always entered the higher branch. This finding is explained in terms of buoyancy, shear forces, and liquid flow velocity and is consistent with the in vivo finding of increased blood perfusion in the dependent lung regions during air embolization (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 51: 211-217, 1981). The pressures required to drive air bubbles through various small vessels were determined using three aqueous solutions of different surface tensions. Based on these measurements and a theoretical analysis, the diameter of air bubbles that could not pass through the pulmonary vessels was calculated to be 20-30 micrometers, agreeing well with a recent in vivo measurement (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 47: 537-543, 1979). PMID- 7298414 TI - Pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to graded decreases in precapillary blood PO2 in intact-chest cat. AB - The effects of graded changes in pulmonary lobar arterial blood PO2 and ventilatory hypoxia were investigated in the intact-chest cat under conditions of controlled lobar blood flow. A reduction in precapillary PO2 from systemic arterial levels to below 60 Torr increased lobar arterial pressure. Ventilation with 10% O2 increased lobar arterial pressure, and responses to ventilatory hypoxia and precapillary hypoxemia were independent but additive. The magnitude of the pressor response to precapillary hypoxemia was similar in experiments in which the lung was autoperfused with right atrial blood or cross-perfused with aortic blood from a donor cat breathing 10% O2. During retrograde perfusion of the ventilated lung, a reduction in pulmonary venous PO2 to 40 Torr did not affect inflow pressure. The present data suggest that sensor sites upstream to the alveolar-capillary region in segments of lobar artery unexposed to alveolar gas sense a reduction in precapillary blood PO2 and elicit a pulmonary vasoconstrictor response. The sensor site in the precapillary segment is independent of sensors in the alveolar-capillary-exposed segment region, and the effects of stimulation of both sensors on the pulmonary vascular bed are additive. In addition, the present data indicate that sensors in the pulmonary veins do not sense a reduction in PO2 in venous blood and elicit a vasoconstrictor response. These data suggest that the mixed venous blood PO2 may exert an important regulatory role in controlling pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in the cat under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 7298415 TI - Measurement of blood pressure of chick embryo with an implanted needle catheter. AB - A catheter, consisting of a hypodermic needle and polyethylene tube, was implanted in the allantoic artery and/or vein of chick embryos ranging in incubation ages from 13 to 17 days. The procedure was performed through a small hole opened in the shell (less than 1 cm2). The hole was covered after implantation of the catheter, ensuring the adequate gas exchange by the chorioallantois and physiological values of blood gases. Blood pressure was measured with an electromanometric transducer. The arterial pressure lacked a dicrotic elevation. Both the systolic and diastolic pressures increased markedly with days of incubation, but the heart rate showed no significant change. The venous pressure was pulsatile in some eggs, and the pulsations became prominent after administration of epinephrine. PMID- 7298417 TI - Calculator/computer-assisted calibration and use of the IL-182 CO-Oximeter. AB - Of the many techniques and methods available for measuring carbon monoxide in blood, one of the easiest involves the use of the IL-182 CO-Oximeter, a specialized triple-wavelength spectrophotometer. Although easy to use, the calibration procedure can be lengthy and impractical if performed routinely to ensure accuracy. A method is described for an equivalent calibration by using a programmable calculator or minicomputer. The new method allows rapid and easy calibration as well as the analysis of unknown blood samples. Three anticoagulated blood samples, each containing as little as 2 ml, are required to calibrate. One sample is chemically reduced, one is tonometered in pure oxygen, and the third is tonometered in pure carbon monoxide. The optical densities of these three known calibration samples, determined at each of the three specific wavelengths used by the IL-182, allow one to derive the constants used in the equations needed to solve for an unknown sample. PMID- 7298416 TI - Alveolar pressure-airflow characteristics in humans breathing air, He-O2, and SF6 O2. AB - In a system of rigid tubes under steady flow conditions, the coefficient of friction [CF = 2 delta P/(rho V2/A2)] (where delta P is pressure drop, rho is density, V is flow, and A is cross-sectional area) should be a unique function of Reynolds' number (Re). Recently it has been shown that at any given Re, the value of CF using transpulmonary pressure (PL) was lower when breathing He-O2 compared with air (Lisboa et al., J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 48: 878-885, 1980). One explanation for this discontinuity is that PL includes the pressure drop due to tissue viscance, which is independent of V, and thus would lead to an overestimate of CF on air compared with He-O2 at any Re. We tested this hypothesis by measuring V related to alveolar pressure, rather than PL, in normal subjects breathing air, He-O2, and SF6-O2. In each subject, for a given Re, CF was greatest breathing SF6-O2 and lowest breathing He-O2, similar to results using PL. Thus tissue viscance is not the sole cause of the discontinuous plot of CF vs. Re, and this phenomenon must be due to other factors, such as changing geometry or nonsteady behavior. PMID- 7298418 TI - Catheterization of the pulmonary artery in the closed-chest rat. AB - A simple technique has been devised to catheterize the pulmonary artery in rats for measurement of pulmonary artery pressure. A no. 3 1/2 French umbilical vessel catheter (Argyle), angled to 90 degrees over the distal 1 cm, was introduced into the right external jugular vein of the anesthetized (50 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium, ip) rat (male Wistar, 250-350 g). With the angle directed anteriorly, the catheter was inserted 2.5 cm proximally, which placed the catheter in the right atrium. The catheter was rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise and inserted 1.0 cm further, which placed the catheter in the right ventricle. Advancement of the catheter an additional 1.5 cm allowed placement in the pulmonary artery. Placement at each stage was confirmed by the respective pressure contours. This technique is easily and rapidly performed and has many potential applications in measuring parameters of the pulmonary circulation in a variety of small laboratory animals. PMID- 7298419 TI - Body fluid and hematologic changes in the toad exposed to 48 h of simulated high altitude. AB - Body fluid and hematologic changes were found in three groups of adult male toads that had been exposed to 48 h of continuous simulated altitudes of 12,000, 18,000, and 24,000 ft, respectively. Erythrocyte counts and hematocrit ratios were increased significantly in all the high-altitude-exposed animals compared with the control group of animals kept at sea level, whereas the hemoglobin concentrations were significantly increased only in the 18,000- and 24,000-ft exposed animals. Exposure to high altitude generally caused a reduction of plasma volume, blood volume, extracellular fluid volume, and total body water. These reductions were markedly lower in the animals exposed to 24,000 ft. These simulated high-altitude effects on body fluids and hematology in the toad (Bufo melanostictus) were compared with those of the rat, birds, and humans acutely acutely exposed at various high altitudes and were found to be qualitatively similar. PMID- 7298420 TI - Extrapericardial and esophageal pressures with positive end-expiratory pressure in dogs. AB - Using flat balloon techniques to minimize distortion and artifacts, we studied the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on local surface pressures between the lung and pericardium overlying the right (R) and left (L) ventricles of ventilated closed-chest anesthetized dogs in right lateral decubitus position. To test the hypothesis that local extrapericardial [Pep(L) and Pep(R)] and average pleural pressures change equally with PEEP, we also measured esophageal pressure (Pes). When 10-cmH2O PEEP was applied, mean increases in Pes, Pep(L), and Pep(R) were 6.2, 5.6, and 5.3 cmH2O, respectively. When PEEP was raised to 20 cmH2O, further average increases in Pes, Pep(L), and Pep(R) were 5.8, 5.0, and 5.4 cmH2O. At each level of PEEP, volume infusion was used to increase stroke volume. Volume infusion at 20-cmH2O PEEP was associated with small 1.0- and 1.5 cmH2O increases in Pep but no change in Pes. Analysis of confidence limits showed that application of up to 20-cmH2O PEEP, with or without volume infusion to restore stroke volume, is associated with nearly equal changes in esophageal and local extrapericardial pressures. PMID- 7298421 TI - Effects of lung inflation on airway and tissue responses to aerosol histamine. AB - The pulmonary effects of aerosol histamine exposure include an increase in pulmonary resistance (RL) and a decrease in dynamic compliance (Cdyn). These changes are substantially reversed by inflation of the lungs to 30 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure (TLC). Although histamine has been shown to change both the airway and tissue components of RL and Cdyn, it is not known whether lung inflation reverses the changes in airways, in tissue, or in both. We studied six anesthetized, paralyzed, open-chest dogs. We sequentially measured RL and Cdyn during oscillations in lung volume at 0.6 Hz with the airway open and during compression-decompression of the lungs without tracheal airflow. In the control state after saline aerosol, inflation to TLC resulted in a slight increase in compliance and a decrease in the tissue component of RL. Aerosol histamine exposure caused an increase in resistance and a decrease in compliance due to both airway and tissue changes. Inflation of the lungs to TLC largely reversed the changes due to airway constriction without consistently affecting the changes due to tissue. We conclude that after histamine exposure smooth muscle responsible for airway narrowing is stretched by lung inflation but that contractile elements responsible for alterations in air-space distensibility and hysteresis of dynamic lung recoil are either not stretched by lung inflation or are stretched and shorten again rapidly. PMID- 7298422 TI - Plasma norepinephrine response to exercise before and after training in humans. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration was measured by means of a sensitive radioenzymatic assay in blood collected from an antecubital vein in 10 healthy male subjects (37 +/- 2 yr, mean +/- SE). The subjects were evaluated at rest and during exercise before and after a 20-wk training program on bicycle ergometer (three 30-min sessions per week at 80% of maximal heart rate). Following the training program, maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly from 33 +/- 2 to 42 +/- 1 ml . kg-1 . min-1. Resting plasma NE remained unchanged after training (167 +/- 38 before and 185 +/- 29 pg . ml-1 after training). For a given absolute work load (735 +/- 51 kg . m. min-1) the sympathetic nervous response was lower after training as reflected by the decrease in NE concentration (1,371 +/- 286 vs. 687 +/- 64 pg . ml-1). At the same relative work load (heart rate: 158 +/- 5 before and 157 +/- 5 beats . min-1 after training) plasma NE concentration was unchanged after training (1,371 +/- 286 vs. 1,729 +/0 371 pg . ml-1). Results from the present study show that the sympathetic nervous activity is closely linked to the exercise demands and confirm earlier suggestions that it remains constant in relation to the relative work load. PMID- 7298423 TI - Respiratory neuron responses to hypercapnia and carotid chemoreceptor stimulation. AB - In decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, activities were recorded from the phrenic nerve and from respiratory units within the dorsal and ventral medullary respiratory nuclei and the pontile reticular formation. These unit activities were monitored during equivalent augmentations in peak integrated phrenic nerve activity induced by stimuli acting primarily on the peripheral or central chemoreceptors. These stimuli were intracarotid infusions of sodium cyanide or nicotine and exposure to hyperoxic hypercapnia, respectively. Both stimuli caused similar increases in activities for most dorsal nucleus inspiratory units. For units of the ventral medullary nucleus, augmentations in activity were only significant (inspiratory neurons) or were of greater magnitude (expiratory neurons) during hypercapnia. As opposed to medullary units, the discharge frequencies of many pontile units were unaltered or declined during both peripheral and central chemoreceptor stimulations. These results support the concept that excitatory influences from the peripheral and central chemoreceptors are not equally distributed among all groups of brain stem respiratory neurons. PMID- 7298424 TI - Temperature and surface forces in excised rabbit lungs. AB - This study was designed to determine whether the effects of temperature on lung pressure-volume (PV) curves were influenced by the state of the surface lining at the time of warming or cooling. In successive runs, temperature was varied (21, 37, or 5 degrees C) with lung gas volume fixed at either 55% total lung capacity (TLC) or 0% TLC (degassed), followed by PV curves to TLC. Peak inflation volume in a given lung was made identical at all temperatures. The starting pressure at 55% TLC remained fixed during temperature changes, whereas peak pressure ranged from 24 cmH2O at 37 degrees C to 40 cmH2O at 5 degrees C. However, below 75% TLC all deflation curves differed by less than 1 cmH2O, and the lowest recoil occurred at 5 degrees C. At 0% TLC, a similar dispersion in pressures appeared at TLC. However, on deflation, recoil at 37 degrees C was always less than at 21 degrees C, whereas at 5 degrees C a drastic shift to the right occurred. First cycle hysteresis and midinflation pressure also increased with cooling. Thus, with cooling, the spreading and adsorption of surfactant during lung expansion are inhibited, and during deflation aggregation is greatly facilitated, accounting for the above results. When an already spread surface is cooled, then expanded, as at 55% TLC, the more rigid lining causes some rise in peak pressure at TLC but little change elsewhere. However, when lungs are degassed and then cooled, the aggregated surfactant spreads extremely poorly, leading to greatly increased recoil throughout the cycle. Changes in pressure at TLC may depend considerably on tissue effects. PMID- 7298426 TI - Respiratory and stepping frequencies in conscious exercising cats. AB - The incidence of entrainment between respiratory and stepping frequencies has been investigated in exercising cats. Stainless steel wire electrodes were surgically implanted in the right hemidiaphragm, quadriceps, and hamstring muscles of six cats. Electromyograms were recorded while the cats were at rest or walking on a treadmill at speeds between 0.31 and 1.67 m/s (6 km/h). Autocorrelation of diaphragmatic activity showed cats to have two respiratory patterns: regular (maintained periodicity in the autocorrelogram) or irregular (flat autocorrelogram). Autocorrelation of quadriceps or hamstring activity revealed stepping frequency. Cross correlation of diaphragmatic vs. quadriceps or hamstring activities revealed the presence of entrainment between respiration and stepping. In four cats, entrainment was either very weak or absent, but the other two cats clearly showed entrainment of the two activities, even in the absence of a regular respiratory rhythm. In conclusion, at speeds up to 1.67 m/s, respiratory frequency is not tightly locked to stepping frequency in cats; however, the occurrence of entrainment in some instances clearly indicates the existence of neural circuitry linking these two pattern generators. PMID- 7298425 TI - Importance of inspiratory muscle tone in maintenance of FRC in the newborn. AB - The importance of inspiratory muscle tone in the maintenance of functional residual capacity (FRC) in newborns was studied in eight premature infants with birth weights of 1,166 +/- 217 g and gestational age 29 +/- 1.9 wk (mean +/- SD). Rib cage and abdominal anteroposterior diameters were monitored with magnetometers, and electromyograms of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles were recorded with surface electrodes. Sleep state was monitored using electrooculogram and behavioral criteria. We assessed the decrease in tonic activity of the inspiratory muscles and the fall in end-expiratory lung volume during apnea compared with the period just preceding apnea. A total of 98 apneas were analyzed. In all instances a decrease in diaphragmatic and intercostal tone was associated with a decrease in the anteroposterior diameter of both rib cage and abdomen, indicating a fall in FRC. These changes were more marked during quiet sleep than during rapid-eye-movement sleep (P less than 0.01). Our results suggest that inspiratory muscle tone is a major determinant of FRC in the newborn. PMID- 7298427 TI - Exercise recovery above and below anaerobic threshold following maximal work. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resting and exercise recovery above [70% of maximum O2 uptake (VO2 max)] and below [40% of VO2 max] anaerobic threshold (AT) on blood lactate disappearance following maximal exercise. Blood lactate concentrations at rest (0.9 mM) and during exercise at 40% (1.3 mM) and 70% (3.5 mM) of VO2 max without preceding maximal exercise were determined on separate occasions and represented base lines for each condition. The rate of blood lactate disappearance from peak values was ascertained from single-component exponential curves fit for each individual subject for each condition using both the determined and resting base lines. When determined base lines were utilized, there were no significant differences in curve parameters between the 40 and 70% of VO2 max recoveries, and both were significantly different from the resting recovery. When a resting base line (0.9 mM) was utilized for all conditions, 40% of VO2 max demonstrated a significantly faster half time than either 70% of VO2 max or resting recovery. No differences were found between 70% of VO2 max and resting recovery. It was concluded that interpretation of the effectiveness of exercise recovery above and below AT with respect to blood lactate disappearance is influenced by the base-line blood lactate concentration utilized in the calculation of exponential half times. PMID- 7298428 TI - Microvascular injury distal to unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion. AB - We explored three questions: 1) does edema fluid accumulate distal to temporary unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion (TUPAO); 2) if so how rapidly does it accumulate; and 3) how is it affected by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)? Using a tracheal divider we measured pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc), tissue volume (Vt), and diffusing capacity (DLCO) in each lung with a rebreathing method. After control measurements in 12 dogs, the left pulmonary artery was occluded and measurements were repeated at intervals during 4 h of occlusion and 30 min after release of the occlusion. Six of the dogs were ventilated with 10 cmH2O PEEP. Finally the lungs were removed, weighed, and fixed for histology. TUPAO caused a 29% increase in Vt of the left lung without PEEP and a 59% increase with PEEP. After release of the occlusion, Qc and DLCO in the left lung returned to control levels within 30 min in dogs not on PEEP but remained depressed in dogs ventilated with PEEP even though PEEP was removed. At postmortem the left lung weighed more than expected in both groups of dogs but was significantly heavier in those on PEEP. Histology confirmed bronchovascular cuffing with edema and hemorrhage. PMID- 7298429 TI - Nonlinear increases in diffusing capacity during exercise by seated and supine subjects. AB - To study the effects of exercise on pulmonary diffusing capacity, we measured the lungs' diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) during exhalation from 30 to 45% exhaled vital capacity in eight healthy subjects at rest and during exercise while both sitting and supine. We found that DLCO at these lung volumes in resting subjects was 26.3 +/- 3.2% (mean +/- SE) higher in the supine than in the sitting position (P less than 0.001). We also found that, in both positions, DLCO at these lung volumes increased significantly (P less than 0.001) with increasing exercise and approached similar values at maximal exercise. The pattern of increase in DLCO with an increase in oxygen consumption in both positions was curvilinear in that the rate of increase in DLCO during mild exercise was greater than the rate of increase in DLCO during heavy exercise (P = 0.02). Furthermore, in the supine position during exercise, it appeared that DLCO reached a physiological maximum. PMID- 7298430 TI - Increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity does not decrease skeletal muscle oxygen consumption. AB - The importance of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity (HOA) in affecting skeletal muscle oxygen consumption (VO2) was reevaluated using an isolated canine gracilis muscle. HOA of the blood [normal O2 half-saturation pressure of hemoglobin (P50) = 30 Torr] was increased by refrigerated storage (P50 = 22 Torr), incubation in sodium metabisulfite (P50 = 24 Torr), or in sodium cyanate (P50 = 14 Torr). Stored blood caused a significant fall in VO2 to 80% of control, with no change in venous O2 partial pressure (PvO2), substantiating previous studies. However, in contrast, blood incubated in sodium metabisulfite or sodium cyanate resulted in no impairment of VO2, with a fall in PvO2 in the latter case indicating that a critical PvO2 did not cause the reduction in VO2 with stored blood. To substantiate further the lack of existence of a critical PO2, fresh and increased HOA blood was perfused at constant flow rates and varying arterial oxygen saturations. Stored blood showed a marked reduction in VO2 as compared with normal blood over a wide range of saturations. However, carbamylated blood VO2 was identical to fresh blood VO2 values. The data suggest that the position of the oxygen dissociation curve may not be as important as originally thought in determining skeletal muscle oxygen delivery. The drop in VO2 caused by perfusion with stored blood is due to some other factor unrelated to HOA. PMID- 7298431 TI - Interaction of PVO2 with PAO2 on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AB - We tested the hypothesis that decreases in alveolar O2 pressure (PAO2) of a large lung compartment would, through decreases in arterial O2 pressure (PaO2) and mixed venous O2 pressure (PVO2), result in decreases in PAO2 of the remaining small lung compartment; thus large-compartment hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) would be accompanied by concomitant small-compartment HPV. In eight pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, whose left lower lobe (LLL) inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) was constantly 0.21, selective stepwise reductions in the rest of the lung (RL) FIO2 from 1.0 to 0.15 caused the electromagnetically measured LLL blood flow (QLLL/Qt), pulmonary vascular resistance of RL (PVRRL), and PVRLLL to increase while RL PAO2, PaO2, PVO2, and LLL PAO2 progressively decreased. Stepwise reductions in RL FIO2 from 0.15 to 0.06 caused QLLL/Qt and PVRRL to decrease, PVRLLL To further increase, while RL PAO2, PaO2, PVO2, and LLL PAO2 progressively decreased further. Based on previously established PAO2 levels of maximum HPV gain and LLL dose-response curves, the RL FIO2-induced changes in QLLL/QT can be explained by different rates of change in RL and LLL PAO2 and PVR. Thus, our findings indicate that if decreases in RL FIO2 cause, in turn, large decreases in PaO2, PVO2 and "normoxic" lung PAO2, then PVO2 is an important determinant of the magnitude of the HPV response. PMID- 7298432 TI - Plasma and platelets potentiate a hypoxic vascular response of the isolated lung. AB - To determine whether plasma and /or platelets play a role in the hypoxic response of pulmonary circulation, we perfused isolated rat lungs with different concentrations of plasma and varying numbers of platelets. As the lungs were perfused with a constant flow (8-13 ml/min), a change in the mean pulmonary artery perfusion pressure (PApP) during acute alveolar hypoxia was a measure of increased tone of the pulmonary circulation. It was found that the presence of plasma in the perfusate (both 20% and 100%) significantly (P less than 0.05) potentiated the PApP response during repeated acute alveolar hypoxia, compared with the response to artificial perfusate without plasma. An isolated rat lung perfused with 6.5% dextran or 3% albumin (both in a physiological salt solution) showed only minimal pressure response during acute alveolar hypoxia. In the second part of the experiment, isolated lungs were perfused with a fresh 100% plasma containing different numbers of platelets. A dose-response-like relationship was observed between the number of platelets in the perfusate and the response of the pulmonary vasculature to acute hypoxia. The highest hypoxic response of the pulmonary vessels, as indicated by the increase in PApP, was shown when the perfusate contained a nearly normal in vivo number of platelets. It can be concluded that both plasma and platelets are important factors that can significantly alter the hypoxic response of the pulmonary vasculature in isolated rat lungs. PMID- 7298433 TI - Left ventricular function in marathon runners: echocardiographic assessment. AB - Cardiac alterations induced by chronic isotonic exercise were assessed echocardiographically in 8 active male marathon runners aged 29 +/- 7 yr (mean +/ SD) compared with 10 sedentary controls aged 27 +/- 5 yr. The runners had a significantly higher aerobic capacity than the controls (72.8 +/- 6 vs. 41.4 +/- 6 ml . kg-1 . min-1; P less than 0.001). Compared with the controls, the runners had a significantly lower heart rate at rest (49 +/- 3 vs. 73 +/- 9 beats/min; P less than 0.01) and during submaximal supine exercise at a similar absolute work load (115 +/- 11 vs. 124 +/- 12 beats/min; P less than 0.01). Similarly, the runners had a lower pressure-rate product both at rest (5.52 +/- 1.0 x 10(3) vs. 9.43 +/- 1.4 x 10(-3)) and during submaximal exercise (19.7 +/- 3.2 x 10(3) vs. 25.0 +/- 4.2 x 10(3); P less than 0.01). The left ventricular peak velocity of circumferential fiber shortening of the runners relative to that of the controls was significantly reduced both at rest (1.40 +/- 0.08 vs. 1.64 +/- 0.08 circ/s) and during submaximal supine exercise at a similar absolute work load (2.36 +/- 0.15 vs. 2.71 +/- 0.10 circ/s). However, this reduction in V cf was found to be directly related to the lower pressure-rate product of the runners and therefore did not reflect a decreased intrinsic myocardial contractility in the runners relative to the controls. PMID- 7298435 TI - Edema affects intra-alveolar fluid pressures and interdependence in dog lungs. AB - The pressures in occluded, fluid-filled segments of lung were measured in closed chest supine dogs ventilated with positive pressure at a constant tidal volume. Segment fluid pressures decreased in response to lung inflation and were used with esophageal and airway pressures to calculate an index of bronchiolar parenchymal interdependence. Animals were subjected to three sequential 5% body wt infusions of Tyrode's solution followed by a 20- to 30 min-recovery period after each infusion. The interdependence index decreased significantly following each infusion, with infusions as small as 1% body wt producing a detectable decrease. The mean pressures in the Tyrode's solution-filled segments generally increased in response to the infusions, but the time course of the response was variable. The base-line pressure in Tyrode's solution-filled segments was -4.8 +/ 2.4 cmH2O. This increased to -1.1 +/- 2.7 cmH2O after a total of 15% body wt had been infused. At the same time, extravascular lung water increased by approximately 17%. Thus negative collapse pressures in the occluded segments were opposed by mechanical stresses transmitted through alveolar wall attachments. This counterbalancing stress was consistently reduced by both increased tissue hydration and increased pulmonary vascular pressure. PMID- 7298434 TI - Venous air emboli in sheep: reversible increase in lung microvascular permeability. AB - We studied the effects of continuous intravenous air embolization on lung fluid balance in unanesthetized sheep. Following a 2-h base line, we infused 300 micrometers-diam air bubbles into the pulmonary artery at a rate sufficient to increase pulmonary vascular resistance by 60-300% and for periods of 0.25-3 h. Air emboli produced a dose- and duration-dependent increase in lung lymph and protein flow due mainly to an increase in endothelial barrier permeability but also to elevated pressure in the over-perfused microcirculation. When we stopped the air infusion, the vascular resistance fell as the air emboli were reabsorbed. Lung lymph and protein flow increased further and then returned slowly to base line with a half-time proportional to the duration of embolization. Increasing left atrial pressure during air embolization caused an increase in lymph flow and protein clearance and an average decrease of 15 Torr in arterial O2 tension, all changes in excess of that caused by either increased pressure or air emboli alone. PMID- 7298437 TI - Blood flow response of human calf muscles to static contractions at various percentages of MVC. AB - Six male subjects within the age range of 20-35 yr consented to perform static calf muscle contractions at 7.5, 15, and 30% of their maximum voluntary contractile strength (MVC) for a period of 2 min each. Isometric contractions were performed in a sitting position by pressing the knee against a solid support plate via plantar flexion. Calf muscle blood flow (BF) was measured periodically before, during, and after each contraction by a Whitney gauge. Average resting BF was 3.9 ml . min-1 . 100 ml-1 of calf volume. During the 7.5, 15, and 30% MVC contractions, BF increased to steady-state levels of 7.2, 7.9, and 5.3 ml . min-1 . 100 ml-1, respectively. The values for 7.5 and 15% MVC were significantly higher than resting BF (P less than or equal to 0.05). The postcontraction hyperemia, measured as the area under the postcontraction BF curve, averaged 4.4, 10.1, and 23.2 ml/100 ml, respectively, for the 7.5, 15, and 30% MVC efforts. Comparison of these values with corresponding hyperemic volumes during contraction showed that the portions of the total BF response that occurred in the postcontraction periods were 41, 57, and 88%, respectively, for the 7.5, 15, and 30% efforts. These results demonstrate that during static calf muscle contractions BF increases by only a modest amount, and at even small forces of contraction a sizable portion of the total flow response occurs in the postcontraction period. PMID- 7298436 TI - Postinspiratory mixing in the lung and cardiogenic oscillations. AB - Subjects inspired a 300-ml bolus of indicator gas cocktail (5% each of SF6, Ar, Ne, and He) form residual volume (RV), then inspired air to functional residual capacity (FRC). There was no evidence that a 10-s breath hold changed the relative concentrations or amounts of indicator gases in phases III and IV of expiration or allowed additional gas to mix into the RV, but the breath hold caused cardiogenic oscillations (CO) in expired gas to decrease in height. The units responsible for cardiogenic troughs and peaks are different from the units responsible for phases III and IV, respectively, in that the oscillation troughs had a lower He/SF6 ratio than the peaks whereas phase III had a higher He/SF6 than phase IV. We explain the CO as due to variation in mechanical properties, leading to variation in response to the pressure wave caused by the heart, in units that are relatively near to each other. We conclude that there is little or no postinspiratory mixing between distant lung units, but the dampening of CO suggests that units that are close to each other can mix if time is allowed. PMID- 7298438 TI - Endurance training in the rat. II. Performance of isolated and intact heart. AB - The effects of isotonic physical training and detraining on cardiac function were studied in young and adult male rats trained by graded treadmill running and compared with sedentary controls. Absolute left ventricular mass was not increased, and ventricular compliance was not altered by training. Ventricular function curves that plotted peak systolic pressure, maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, cardiac output, coronary flow, or stroke work as a function of atrial filling height in the isolated perfused heart did not demonstrate a training effect in either age group. The cardiac response to hypoxia was also comparable in the trained and sedentary rats. The base-line heart rate of anesthetized rats, in which in situ cardiac function was studied, was lower in the trained rats (321 +/- 14 vs. 377 +/- 8, P less than 0.005). Resting hemodynamics and left ventricular function curves generated from pressure-flow data during volume infusion did not differentiate between the hearts of trained and sedentary rats. In conclusion, a moderate level of endurance training did not enhance cardiac contractility when this was assessed under nonexercise conditions in both the isolated perfused heart and intact in situ heart preparations. PMID- 7298439 TI - Metabolism and thermoregulation during stages of sleep in humans exposed to heat and cold. AB - Electrophysiological stages of sleep, oxygen consumption (VO2), and skin (Tsk) and rectal (Tre) temperatures were recorded from six virtually naked male subjects exposed to ambient temperatures (Ta) of 21, 24, 29, 34, and 37 degrees C. VO2 increased during sleep as a whole as Ta departed from thermoneutrality (29 degrees C) and was significantly greater during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep than during adjacent nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) periods at low and high Ta but not at 29 degrees C. Tsk showed small but significant increases during REM sleep at 29, 34, and 37 degrees C, but Tre did not change during REM sleep at any Ta. Shivering was present during wakefulness at 21 and 24 degrees C but occurred only occasionally during stages 1 and 2 sleep at 21 degrees C. The increases in VO2 and the absence of marked changes in vasomotor tone during REM sleep in the cold were unexpected and possibly indicate that REM sleep is not as thermally disruptive in humans as in other mammals. PMID- 7298440 TI - A model for the relation between respiratory neural and mechanical outputs. I. Theory. AB - A model for the conversion of respiratory neural output to mechanical output, and vice versa, is described. Neural output was expressed in terms of isometric pressure generated at passive functional residual capacity. The mechanical response time constant of respiratory muscle was assumed to be 0.06 s. The effect of volume and configuration on pressure output was modeled after the data of Grassino et al. (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 44: 829 839, 1978). Equations were developed to examine the effect of different configurational pathways during inspiration. We utilized Hill's hyperbolic force velocity relation to model the effect of flow on pressure output. The pressure asymptote of the hyperbola was considered to be similar to that in other skeletal muscles (0.25 isometric pressure). The flow asymptote was derived from data obtained during maximal voluntary inspiration. A major feature of the model is the dependence of volume, configuration, and flow-related pressure losses on level of inspiratory activity. The practical effect of potential errors and the overall accuracy of the model are presented in the two succeeding communications. PMID- 7298441 TI - A model for the relation between respiratory neural and mechanical outputs. II. Methods. AB - In the preceding communication we developed a model for the conversion of neural output to mechanical output. We were left with two qualitative uncertainties, namely, the relation between neural output and isometric pressure, and the behavior of inspiratory muscles during expiratory flow; and two quantitative uncertainties concerning the effect of configurational pathway on pressure output, and the slope of the pressure-flow relation. For each of the above uncertainties we made certain assumptions based on indirect evidence but defined reasonable error limits. In the present communication we describe the method of implementing the model and evaluate the significance, in terms of spirometric output, of possible errors in the assumptions. Volume and flow profiles were generated from different neural output profiles. Analysis was repeated when the different assumptions were systematically altered within the limits set by the previous theoretical analysis. We conclude that the pattern of inspiratory muscle activation during spontaneous breathing and the existence of several mechanical interactions within the respiratory system combine to render spirometric output fairly insensitive to most potential errors in our assumptions. PMID- 7298442 TI - A model for the relation between respiratory neural and mechanical outputs. III. Validation. AB - In the preceding two communications we described a model for the relation between respiratory neural and mechanical outputs. In the present report we test the accuracy of the model in predicting volume and flow from occlusion pressure wave forms, and vice versa. We performed single-breath airway occlusions in 21 unconscious subjects and determined the time course of occlusion pressure. We also measured the passive properties of the respiratory system. The time course of volume and flow was predicted from the occlusion pressure wave forms, and the results were compared with the spontaneous breaths immediately preceding occlusion. Inspiratory duration, shape and amplitude of occlusion-pressure wave forms, and the passive properties of the respiratory system varied widely among subjects. There was good agreement between predicted and observed values in all cases. Except for some prolongation of inspiration (Hering-Breuer reflex), diaphragmatic activity did not change during occlusion. Since occlusion pressure is proportional to inspiratory activity, we conclude that the model described provides a good approximation of the relation between inspiratory activity and spirometric output. PMID- 7298444 TI - Hypoxic vasoconstriction and fluid filtration in pig lungs. AB - We have studied the effect of hypoxia [inspired partial pressure of O2 (Po2) 50 mmHg] on the relationships among pulmonary blood flow, pulmonary arterial pressure, and fluid filtration rates in isolated blood-perfused pig lungs. Our results indicate that hypoxia constricted the vasculature in a manner that caused a parallel shift of the pressure-flow curve to higher pressures. During normoxia, filtration rate was zero at flows less than 1.5 1/min but increased with increases in blood flow above this level. In both cases the shape of this relationship was similar, but during hypoxia it was shifted to higher filtration rates. These findings can be interpreted using a parallel-channel Starling resistor model of the lung with a distribution of critical pressures. All the effects of hypoxia found in this study could be explained simply by an increase in critical pressure. According to the model, this increase in critical pressure during hypoxia caused a greater filtration rate because of an increase in the mean intravascular filtration pressure and an increase in the mean filtration coefficient. PMID- 7298443 TI - Coordination of mucociliary transport in human trachea and intrapulmonary airways. AB - A wide range of both mucus velocities in the trachea and rates of bronchial mucociliary clearance have been measured in humans. To investigate the coordination of mucociliary transport in the intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary airways, simultaneous measurements of tracheal mucus velocity and lung clearance were made in 22 healthy nonsmoking adults. Each subject inhaled several breaths of an iron oxide aerosol tagged with 99mTc. Measurements of retained activity in the right lung were made for 2.25 h with a pair of 5 x 2 in. NaI (T1) detectors. Tracheal mucociliary transport rates (TMTR) were measured with a probe containing six vertically aligned rectangular NaI (T1) detectors. The mean TMTR was 5.1 +/- 2.9 mm/min. The mean time for the first bolus to be detected on the multidetector probe (large airway transit time, LATT) was 52 +/- 24 min. At this time the percent cleared (Bi) was 24 +/- 15% and the rate of clearance (Bi) was 0.64 +/- 0.35%/min. The mean percent cleared within a 2-h interval (B120) was 51 +/- 22%. The TMTR was closely correlated with Bi and Bi with B120. The TMTR was also correlated to B120, but not closely correlated with LATT. It is suggesting that coordination of mucus transport throughout the airways of the lung represents the nonchallenged state and is responsible for the maintenance of normal bronchial toilet. PMID- 7298445 TI - Steady pressure-flow relationship of a model of the canine bronchial tree. AB - Static pressure differences (deltaP) across the entire length and portions of a latex reproduction of a canine bronchial tree were measured during steady inspiratory or expiratory flow (V). The reproduction consists of a 10-cm length of trachea through bronchi of about 2 mm in diameter. The airflow was simulated by a water flow with tracheal Renolds number (Re0) in the range from 1,500 to 10,000. Loss in total pressure (deltaPt) was computed by summing deltaPt and V were well described (r greater than 0.98) by a dimensionless Rohrer equation deltaPt/deltaPd0 = A + B Re0 applicable to gas flow, in which deltaPd0 is a Poiseuille pressure drop. For expiratory deltaPt, A was about twice that for inspiration, while the values for B were nearly equal. Differences in kinetic energy between sites of static pressure measurement are important in determining loss in total pressure. Rohrer's equation is a good approximation to the phenomenological laws of steady inspiratory and expiratory flow-pressure relations in the canine bronchial tree for the range of Reynolds number investigated. PMID- 7298446 TI - Efficient computer subroutines for interconversion of oxygen tension and saturation. AB - Two digital computer subroutines are described. NORSAT computes human hemoglobin saturation from oxygen tension data; NORINV performs the inverse computation. Each subroutine is based on an algorithm that is a direct mathematical inverse of the other. The effects of nonstandard conditions of temperature, pH, and CO2 tension on the saturation curve can be computed. The relative efficiency of these subroutines is compared to that of published subroutines having similar function. The new subroutines use computer time more efficiently with no loss of accuracy. The subroutines are provided in FORTRAN in a form suitable for direct inclusion in a number of user-specified programs. PMID- 7298447 TI - Brain and CSF water and ions in newborn puppies during acute hypo- and hypernatremia. AB - We studied the fluid and electrolyte response of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the lightly anesthetized newborn puppy exposed to acute (1-3 h) mild hyponatremia (12% decrease) and hypernatremia (7% increase). The changes in CSF osmolality, sodium, and chloride were equal to those in plasma. Blood acid base values and CSF PCO2 remained normal, but in CSF there was a transient dilution acidosis in hyponatremia and contraction alkalosis in hypernatremia. In brain tissue, with hyponatremia, brain water increased in proportion to the osmotic stress (a change which was greater than that previously observed in adults) and the chloride space increased in the puppy (a change that was opposite to that observed in adults). There were no significant changes in dry tissue potassium, sodium, or chloride content. In hypernatremia, brain water decreased less than predicted by the osmotic change, the chloride space was unchanged, dry tissue potassium and chloride increased, and sodium was unchanged. In the newborn puppy, brain cell and extracellular volume regulation is not apparent with acute hyponatremia but is with hypernatremia. PMID- 7298448 TI - Arm and leg intravascular temperatures of men during submaximal exercise. AB - Rectal (Tre) and blood temperatures in the femoral artery (Tfa), femoral vein (Tfv), axillary artery (Taa), and axillary vein (Tav) were determined in three men over a range of steady-state treadmill exercise (173-401 W/m2) in a 24 degree C db, 15 degree C wb environment. When the men were standing quietly before the walks Tre greater than Tfa greater than Taa greater than Tfv greater than Tav, indicating that under these resting conditions both the arms and the legs served as avenues for arterial heat dissipation. By the end of all 1-h walks, Tre, Tfa, Tasa, and Tfv had increased in a linear fashion with work load, Tav had dropped, and Tre greater than Tfv greater than or equal to Tfa greater than or equal to Taa greater than Tav. The maintenance or expansion of axillary arteriovenous temperature differences during exercise indicated that the less active arms continued to serve as routes for arterial heat loss. The lack of femoral arteriovenous temperature differences demonstrated that under these steady-state exercise conditions there was little or no net vascular heat transfer between the active legs and the central circulation. Rectal-femoral intravascular temperature differences at rest and over the full range of submaximal work employed favor heat transfer from the rectum to the circulation. Consequently the rise in Tre during leg work was considered the result of a reduction in local heat dissipation and some possible heat gained from nearby intrapelvic muscles. PMID- 7298449 TI - Effect of exhaustive exercise on myocardial performance. AB - Several investigators have reported ultrastructural changes in hearts of animals exercised to exhaustion. The present study was designed to determine whether functional changes occur in the intact heart at exhaustion. Adult mongrel dogs (n = 8) were chronically instrumented to measure cardiac output, coronary blood flow, aortic blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, +dP/dtmax, and -dP/dtmax. After recovery, the dogs were run to exhaustion at a constant work load, eliciting approximately 70% of maximum heart rate. The exhaustive bouts were terminated when the animals either refused or were unable to continue running, at which time their rectal temperatures approaches 42.2 degree C. The mean exhaustion time was 76.7 +/- 11.8 min. All parameters increased from rest to steady state with the exception of stroke volume (23.2 +/- 4.9 vs. 20.5 +/- 1.6 ml), which remained constant. In the transition from steady state to exhaustion, only +dP/dtmax (6,652 +/- 291 vs. 7,689 +/- 479 Torr/s) and -dP/dtmax (4,110 +/- 227 vs. 4,890 +/- 215 Torr/s) increased significantly; all other values exhibited no significant change. Similarly, when maximum cardiovascular parameters were measured before and after exhaustion, no significant changes were found. These data show that cardiac contractile function is not depressed in dogs as a result of exhaustive exercise. PMID- 7298450 TI - Ventilatory responses to cardiac output changes in patients with pacemakers. AB - Cardiac output changes were induced by step changes of heart rate (HR) in six patients with cardiac pacemakers during monitoring of ventilation and gas exchange, breath-by-breath. Mean low HR was 48 beats/min; mean high HR was 82 beats/min. The change of oxygen uptake immediately after the HR change was used as an index of altered cardiac output. After HR increase, oxygen uptake (V02) rose by 34 +/- 20% (SD), and after HR decrease, Vo2 fell by 24 +/- 11%. There was no change in arterial blood pressure. After HR increase, ventilation increased, after a mean delay of 19 +/- 4 s; after HR reduction, ventilation fell, after a mean delay of 29 +/- 7 s. In the period between HR increase and the resulting increase in ventilation, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) rose by 2.6 +/- 2.0 Torr, and in the period between HR decreases and the fall in ventilation, PETCO2 dropped by 2.9 +/- 2.2 Torr. The response time and end-tidal gas tension changes implicate the chemoreceptors in the reflex correction of blood gas disturbances that may result from imbalances between cardiac output and ventilation. PMID- 7298451 TI - Effects of rib cage or abdominal restriction on lung mechanics. AB - The effects on lung mechanics of equal (37%) reduction in total lung capacity (TLC) by rib cage or abdominal restriction were studied in 10 healthy males. Lung recoil pressure (Pst) was simultaneously measured from three sites in the esophagus. This also provided an estimate of the vertical pleural pressure gradient (PPG). Deformation of the right hemithorax was quantified by roentgenograms in three subjects. At the same lung volume, abdominal restriction decreased lung height and increased anteroposterior diameter compared with the control case, whereas rib cage restriction had opposite effects. Maximum expiratory flow increased equally with both types of restriction, and average Pst increased equally with both types of restriction. There was a significant correlation between degree of TLC reduction and increase in Pst that was similar for both types of restriction. This study indicates that changes in lung mechanics depend primarily on the amount of volume reduction and not on the type of deformation producing the volume decrease. PMID- 7298452 TI - Helium and sulfur hexafluoride washout in asymmetric lung models. AB - Model calculations were carried out on extensible lung models that are characterized by asymmetries in branching pattern or cross section within the acinus. The calculations contribute to a better understanding of the intrapulmonary mixing of gases poorly soluble in blood. For single-breath washout stimulations of helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), only small differences were found between the results obtained from a lung model with an asymmetric branching pattern using either a local homogeneous or inhomogeneous delta V/V distribution. This indicates that the geometry of this model is the most important factor for generating realistic values for the slope of the alveolar plateau, the Bohr dead space and the end-tidal concentration ratio for SF6 and He. The calculated relation between the decrease in the slope of the alveolar plateau and postinspiratory breath-holding times showed good agreement with experimental findings in healthy adult subjects. Multiple-breath washout simulations enabled us to explain the experimentally observed high dilution of poorly soluble tracer gases in the end-tidal gas for the first few breaths during the washout procedure. Simulations of simultaneous multiple-breath washout experiments of He and SF6 showed that a shift in the crossover point of the normalized end-tidal washout curves is related in particular to cross-section asymmetry of the lung model. These asymmetric lung models are the only ones described up to now that explain many of the features of single- and multiple breath washout experiments for gases poorly soluble in blood. PMID- 7298453 TI - Extent of motor unit activation during effort. PMID- 7298454 TI - Body temperature, oviposition, and food intake in the hen during continuous light. AB - Deep-body temperature of the laying hen was measured with an implantable radio transmitter. Food and water intake and oviposition time were recorded, remotely, based on electric signals from microswitches attached to the individual cages. Body temperature and feeding activity of the laying hen under continuous light displayed a circadian rhythm. The length of the body-temperature cycle was 25.2 h, and the feeding cycle was 25.3 h. These values appear to be associated with the animal's laying cycle which was 25.3 h. The laying cycle of the hen can play an important role in the maintenance of circadian rhythms of body temperature and feeding activity. Both the marked temperature rise found at the time of oviposition and the prelaying (or nesting) behavior may be controlled by a preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone. PMID- 7298455 TI - Proposed mechanism for increased thyroxine deiodination in cold-acclimated rats. AB - Groups of male rats were administered isoproterenol (ISO), thyroxine (T4), or both (ISO + T4) daily for 20 days in an attempt to mimic the effect of cold acclimation on the rate of outer-ring deiodination of T4 to triiodothyronine (T3) by 2,000-g supernatants of homogenates of liver and kidney. The rates of hepatic and renal deiodination of T4 to T3 in an additional group of rats exposed to 4 +/ 1 degree C for 20 days were 53 and 71% higher, respectively, than control. Administration of ISO (100 micrograms . kg-1 . day-1) did not affect the rate of deiodination of T4 to T3 by either hepatic or renal tissue. Administration of T4 (50 micrograms . kg-1 . day-1) resulted in rates of hepatic and renal deiodination of T4 that were 297 and 222% higher, respectively, than control. Administration of ISO + T4 resulted in a rate of conversion of T4 to T3 not significantly different from that observed when T4 was administered alone. Serum concentration of T4 was elevated after administration of both T4 and ISO + T4, whereas serum concentration of T3 was elevated significantly above that of control only in the cold-acclimated group. These results suggest that the increased rate of 5'-monodeiodination of T4 by hepatic and renal homogenates from cold-acclimated rats is not a result of increased beta-adrenergic activity but can be accounted for by the increase in thyroid activity observed in these animals. PMID- 7298456 TI - Breuer-Hering inflation reflex and breathing pattern in anesthetized humans and cats. AB - In nine cats and nine human subjects anesthetized with alfaxalone, respiratory activity and tracheal pressure were recorded prior to and during occlusion of the airway at end inspiration or end expiration. Lung inflations at the end of expiration were also performed. In addition, the ventilatory pattern was analyzed during hypercapnia. The results show that occlusions at the end of inspiration or inflations provoked an apnea in both cats and humans. However, concomitant with increases in tidal volume during hypercapnia, inspiratory duration decreased in cats and did not change in human subjects. These results indicate that the Breuer Hering reflex, which delays the onset of inspiration during inflation was equally operative in cats and humans. In contrast, the "Breuer-Hering threshold curve," which accounts for the off-switch" of inspiration was different in cats and humans. Thus, in summary, the Breuer-Hering inflation reflex is operative in human subjects, but it does not seem to be involved in the control of the inspiratory off-switch mechanism during increases respiratory activity resulting from hypercapnia. PMID- 7298457 TI - Maximum leg force and power output during short-term dynamic exercise. AB - Force exerted and power generated were measured during short-term exercise performed on a bicycle ergometer that had been modified by the addition of an electric motor driving the cranks at a chosen constant velocity. Five subjects made a series of 20-s maximum efforts at different crank velocities (range 23- 171 rev/min). The forces exerted were continuously monitored with strain gauges bonded to the cranks. Peak force was exerted at approximately 90 degrees past top dead center in each revolution. During the 20-s effort peak force declined from the maximum level (PFmax) attained near the start of exercise, the rate of decline being velocity dependent. PFmax was found to be inversely and linearly related to crank velocity and when standardized for upper leg muscle (plus bone) volume (ULV) was given by PFmax (kgf/l ULV) = 27.51--0.125 crank velocity (rev/min). Integration of the force records with pedal velocity enabled power output to be calculated. Maximum power output was a parabolic function of crank velocity, the apex of the relationship indicating that the velocity for greatest power output was 110 rev/min. At this velocity our subjects achieved a maximum mean power output, averaged over a complete revolution, of 840 +/- 153 W (85 +/- 5 W/l ULV). This was compared with the calculated value for maximum mechanical power output from aerobic sources, which was 272 +/- 49 W (30 +/- 1 W/l ULV). PMID- 7298459 TI - A physiological stimulus to upper airway receptors in humans. AB - The regular involuntary inspiratory muscle contractions that occur in normal conscious men during breath holding were quantified by means of the waves of intrathoracic pressure that they produced. A stream of cool air circulated through the nose and mouth reproducibly inhibited the contractions. The degree of inhibition increased with increasing nasal flow in the range of normal resting respiratory flow and with lower temperature of circulating gas. The effect depended on the phase of respiration in which flow occurred and was abolished by local anesthesia of the nose and pharynx. The results demonstrate that the upper airway contains flow-sensitive receptors, the discharge of which can have a marked influence on respiration. PMID- 7298458 TI - Tritiated water for estimating total body water and water turnover rate in birds. AB - The use of tritiated water (TOH) to estimate total body water (TBW) and total water turnover rate was validated in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) and sand partridges (Ammoperdix heyi). For six chukar partridges weighing between 315 to 475 g, TOH equilibration with body fluids was less than 45 min after intramuscular or intravenous injections. Mean TOH space in eight chukar partridges was 99.8% of the mean TBW measured by desiccation with individuals ranging between 97.9 and 103.2%. TOH space best approximated TBW when TBW was calculated by using the mean body mass for a bird weighed at TOH injection and at TOH equilibration. Total water intake as estimated by TOH ranged between 90.7 and 113.3% of measured water intake in three sand and three chukar partridges, birds ranging in mass from 145 to 446 g. We conclude that the TOH method provides accurate estimations of TBW and water turnover rates in birds. For birds of up to 500-g body mass, we recommend 45 min for TOH equilibration with body fluids, and intramuscular injections of 0.05 muCi TOH/g body mass for TBW estimations and 0.1 muCi TOH/g body mass for water turnover estimations. PMID- 7298460 TI - Steady-state vascular responses to graded hypoxia in isolated lungs of five species. AB - In the isolated pig lung exposed to graded levels of hypoxia, steady-state pulmonary vasomotor tone is maximum at an O2 tension (PO2) of 50 Torr. Below 50 Torr decreases in PO2 cause steady-state tone to fall below this maximum. To determine whether this stimulus-response relation was peculiar to pigs, we measured the steady-state relation between PO2 and vasomotor tone in the isolated lungs of dogs, rabbits, cats, and ferrets, by using identical techniques in each species. Marked species differences were apparent in both the level of PO2 required to elicit responses and the amplitude of the responses. The ferret and the pig had the largest vasoconstrictor responses to hypoxia. No significant responses were obtained in the dog. The cat and rabbit were intermediate responders. In the ferret, cat, and rabbit, the stimulus-response relationship was biphasic, as in the pig. On the average, maximal constriction occurred at an PO2 of 25 Torr. When PO2 was lowered below 25 Torr, steady-state tone fell. Thus pulmonary vasodilation at low PO2 occurs in the isolated lungs of several species. PMID- 7298461 TI - Central venous bubbles and mixed venous nitrogen in goats following decompression. AB - Decompression of awake goats from saturation at 1, 2, and 3 ATA of air has been carried out using ultrasonic Doppler bubble detection, central venous blood inert gas measurement, and cardiac output measurement. The results of these experiments indicate that the decrease in nitrogen elimination rate as an apparent result of decompression cannot be due to excessive cardiac output or mass transport of a large amount of inert gas to the lungs as bubbles. Rather, the rapid drop in mixed venous nitrogen content is consistent with a generalized decrease in tissue to-blood nitrogen elimination. This in turn appears to be due to a cardiovascular response to the decompression insult as was previously reported for dogs (D'Aoust et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 41: 348--355, 1976) at 1, 2, and 3 ATA; addition of ultrasonic Doppler monitoring and cardiac output in the present studies allowed measurement of the degree of latency in the appearance of bubbles at a central venous location. This time period includes that required for bubble formation, growth, and vascular transport of the bubbles to the Doppler detector. All results of these studies are consistent with the interpretation that due to a decompression insult, which probably includes bubble formation, some degree of hemostasis, and other hematologic sequelae, the transport of tissue inert gas to the capillary venous blood is retarded, thus providing the rapid apparent decrease in mixed venous blood inert gas content. These results demonstrate what is most likely a general response to a severe but not crucial decompression by the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7298463 TI - Gas exchange in nonperfused dog lungs. AB - Gas exchange was studied under conditions of zero perfusion both in situ and in vitro. Six dogs, anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, underwent surgical interruption of both pulmonary and bronchial circulations to the left lung. Despite the absence of perfusion, O2 uptake for the left lung ranged from 0.76 to 0.98 ml/min, whereas CO2 elimination greatly exceeded O2 uptake ranging from 1.68 to 4.34 ml/min. In addition, CO2 output was observed to vary directly with the level of minute ventilation (VE) and inversely with end-tidal CO2 concentration. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for these findings we studied 20 excised, ventilated, but nonperfused dog lungs to evaluate the relative roles of tissue metabolism and transpleural diffusion to gas exchange. The results obtained with these excised lungs under conditions of varying VE and extrapleural gas concentrations indicate that the high respiratory exchange ratios observed in situ can be explained by the greater rate with which CO2 diffuses through the pleura, and that reduced ventilation decreases total gas transfer by decreasing the transpleural partial pressure driving gradient. Our data further document that the concentration of CO2 in alveolar gas may differ significantly from that present in inspired gas under conditions of ventilation-perfusion ratio equal to infinity, and that tissue metabolism as well as transpleural diffusion contribute to gas exchange in nonperfused lung. PMID- 7298462 TI - Collateral ventilation may protect against high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. AB - We propose that the pulmonary hypertension developed by cattle and swine at high altitude is associated with their lack of collateral ventilation. We reason that if collateral ventilation helps keep interregional oxygen tensions homogeneous, then in its absence, local ventilation-perfusion balance must rely on arterial constriction; the additional work causes arterial walls to be more muscular at low altitude, a characteristic of cattle and swine that appears prerequisite for the development of pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. In contrast, species with collateral ventilation, e.g., dogs, have thin-walled pulmonary arteries and therefore can not sustain pulmonary vasoconstriction at altitude. Sheep, however, challenge the hypothesis, because their thick lobular septae should block collateral ventilation, yet they have thin pulmonary arteries and resist high altitude hypertension. We measured collateral ventilation by determining how long it takes air injected into isolated segments to escape. Cattle and swine had no collateral ventilation (time constants greater than 30 s), whereas dogs and sheep had collateral ventilation (time constants less than 0.8 s). These data support the hypothesis that only species without collateral ventilation develop pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. PMID- 7298464 TI - Total lung lymph flow and fluid compartmentation in edematous dog lungs. AB - The effect of fluid volume loading on lung tissue fluid compartments and pulmonary lymph flow was studied in 7 dogs. A bolus of 125I-labeled albumin was administered 1 h after a 10--15% body weight Tyrode infusion. Then concentrations of labeled and endogenous albumin in pulmonary lymph and plasma were monitored for 4--6 h. The time course of plasma and lymph [125I]albumin specific activities was analyzed using kinetic and both the linear and nonlinear solute flux equations. Plasma specific activity exhibited a two-component decay with mean rate constants of 2.65 and 0.071 h-1. Albumin equilibrated between plasma and lymph at a rate of 0.327 h-1, or with a half time of 2.12 h. For albumin, the mean permeability-surface area product was 0.043 ml/min, and total distribution volume was 22.6 ml. This indicated that the cannulated lymphatics drained 25% of total lung weight, and that lung lymph flow was 0.063 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1 in normally hydrated lungs, and 0.225 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1 in edematous lungs. During edema the extravascular 99mTc-DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) space increased by 79% and the total extravascular lung water by 40%. The extravascular albumin space was only one-third that predicted for the extent of edema. This indicates a significant volume of edema fluid sequestered in tissue compartments, such as perivascular cuffs and alveolar spaces, which did not equilibrate rapidly with capillary filtrate draining into the pulmonary lymphatics. PMID- 7298465 TI - Gas mixing by cardiogenic oscillations: a theoretical quantitative analysis. AB - A quantitative theoretical model of the enhanced gas mixing secondary to cardiogenic oscillations is presented based on the concept of augmented gas transport within the tracheobronchial tree (Science 209: 609, 1980). The model assumes "well-mixed" flow in the upper airways with the enhanced mixing described by Deff = Dmol + K . ud, where Deff is the effective diffusivity; Dmol, the molecular diffusivity: K, a constant; u, the root-mean-square flow; and d, the airway diameter. In the smaller airways on analysis based on Taylor laminar dispersion is used described by Deff = Dmol + (1/192) (ud)2/Dmol. The model predicts that, in dogs, cardiogenic oscillations should enhance gas mixing about 10-fold depending on the flow rates generated by the heart. Other predictions are that the augmentation of gas mixing should be greater 1) at lower lung volumes, 2) with sulfur hexafluoride vs. helium or air, 3) after peripheral airway dilation, and 4) after central airways constriction. Theoretical predictions are very close to published experimental results where available. This model should help in the development of mathematical models of gas mixing within the lungs that will include the contribution of cardiogenic oscillations. PMID- 7298466 TI - Hypoxic arousal in intact and carotid chemodenervated sleeping cats. AB - To determine whether the carotid chemoreceptors or hyperpnea are required for arousal from sleep by hypoxia, 14 sleep-deprived cats were studied during slow wave (SWS) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Rapid hypoxia was produced by inhalation of 5% O2 in N2 or 6% CO in 40% O2 by intact cats and 5% O2 in N2 after carotid body denervation. Preliminary studies identified a period of SWS unassociated with spontaneous arousals. In 69 studies during SWS unassociated with spontaneous arousals, arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) values at arousal were: 47.1 +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SE) (5% O2, intact); 48.9 +/- 1.4% (6% CO, intact); and 49.9 +/- 2.0% (5% O2, denervated). During SWS associated with spontaneous arousals, SaO2 values at arousal were 71.6 +/- 1.8% (5% O2, intact). Arousal from REM occurred at significantly lower values: 31.7 +/- 3.9% (6% CO, intact) and 43.5 +/- 2.3% (5% O2, intact). During both SWS and REM, inhalation of 5% O2 by intact animals caused a substantial increase in ventilation while 6% CO did not. We conclude that more severe hypoxia is required for arousal from SWS when studies are done in a period unassociated with spontaneous arousals than from SWS associated with spontaneous arousals. Hypoxic arousal does not appear to require activation of the carotid bodies or hyperpnea. PMID- 7298467 TI - Conduction velocity and EMG power spectrum changes in fatigue of sustained maximal efforts. AB - The relationship between the electromyographic (EMG) power spectrum and muscle conduction velocity was investigated during both fatiguing and nonfatiguing contractions of the adductor pollicis muscle. Changes in the EMG power spectrum were measured by Fourier transform analysis and by comparing the power in the high (130-238 Hz) and low (20--40 Hz) frequency bands. Changes in conduction velocity were measured during voluntary activity from changes in the muscle mass action potential evoked by periodic maximal shocks to the nerve. This was varied independently either by maintaining a 60-s fatiguing maximal voluntary contraction involving 30--50% loss of force or by changing muscle temperature in the absence of fatigue. Both procedures resulted in similar changes in the power spectrum. However, the change in conduction velocity required to generate equal changes in the EMG was about 10 times greater in the absence of fatigue than those observed during a 60-s maximum contraction initiated at any initial muscle temperature. This suggests that during fatigue of maximal voluntary contractions, factors other than changes in the wave form of individual muscle fiber action potentials must contribute to the observed shift in the total surface EMG frequency components. PMID- 7298468 TI - Improved accuracy and precision of single-breath CO diffusing capacity measurements. AB - Using three conventional methods and a new method we measured the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO(SB)] in a group of normal subjects. Whereas the conventional methods calculated DLCO(SB) from a single equation valid only for breath holding, the new method used three equations, one for each phase of the single-breath maneuver, i.e., inhalation, breath holding, and exhalation. We found that while the conventional methods of calculating DLCO(SB) were greatly affected by variations in the way in which the single-breath maneuver was performed and/or the way in which the alveolar gas sample was collected, these variations had little effect on the calculations of DLCO(SB) using the new method. These results were in close agreement with results from a computerized mathematical lung model in which the diffusing capacity did not change with lung volume. We concluded that the new method significantly improves the accuracy and precision of DLCO(SB) measurements while reducing the effects of maneuver variability. For these reasons comparisons of DLCO(SB) values between patients and normal subjects or between two groups with different pulmonary function may be more valid using the new method than using conventional methods. PMID- 7298469 TI - Response of collateral channels to histamine: lack of vagal effect. AB - A new technique using a monodispersed aerosol of histamine delivered to sublobar bronchi through a flexible fiber-optic bronchoscope was used to study the role of the vagus nerve and the effect of anesthesia in the response of collateral channels to exogenous histamine. Studies were performed in paralyzed dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium or alpha-chloralose. Challenges with histamine aerosol were delivered to separate bronchi in each animal before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Resistance through collateral channels increased in a reproducible manner following histamine challenge. Vagotomy resulted in no significant change in base-line resistance through collateral channels. The response of collateral channels to exogenous histamine aerosol was not significantly affected by vagotomy or the type of anesthesia used. We conclude that vagal reflexes do not play a significant role in the response of collateral channels to exogenous histamine. PMID- 7298470 TI - Liver metabolites in resting and exercising rats at 1 and 4 bar. AB - Groups of six rats were put into a compression chamber and exposed to an air pressure of 4 bar or remained at 1 bar. Half of each group was forced to swim in a tank of warm water; the other half remained at rest. A total of 28 rats was used. After 30 min the rats were killed, and part of the liver was rapidly (less than 10 s) removed and pressed between metal plates that had been cooled in liquid nitrogen. Analyses of the metabolites indicated a significant reduction gluconeogenesis in the animals exercising under pressure, probably due to a diminished return of substrates from the muscles. There also appeared to be the possibility of enzymatic control between fructose 6-phosphate and the triose phosphates. PMID- 7298471 TI - Steady expiratory flow in dog lungs: an isovolume preparation. AB - By supplying air and other gases through discs glued to the pleural surface, we studied steady expiratory flow at constant volume. Dog lungs were studied at constant PA - Ppl (alveolar minus pleural pressure) of 7 to 10 cmH2O, as increasing flow was achieved by increasing driving pressure [Ppl - Pao (airway opening pressure)]. Flow became limited (independent of further increases in Ppl Pao) at between 3.5 and 5.5 l/s. Isovolume-pressure-flow (IVPF) curves constructed from forced expirations at graded efforts yielded similar maximal flows. When the airways were made rigid by drying, flow limitation was abolished. When various gases were passed through the dried lung Moody plots of normalized pressure drop (CD) vs. Reynolds number (Re) showed that all of the data could be plotted on a single curve. Although variable among animals, all Moody plots showed a laminar flow region at Re below 100 and an inertial region at Re above 10,000, with a distinct transition. PMID- 7298472 TI - Steady and unsteady pressure-flow relationships in central airways. AB - We measured pressure-flow relationships in a noncompliant five-generation cast of human central airways using air, HeO2, and SF6O2 at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz with tidal volumes of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 liter. When dimensionless pressure drops for steady inspiratory and expiratory flows of the various gas mixture were plotted against Reynolds' number on a log-log scale (Moody diagram), they formed two curves as fluid mechanical theory predicts. At frequencies higher than 0.25 Hz, data obtained from 1) the same gas and same stroke volume, 2) the same frequency and same stroke volume but different gases, and 3) the same gas at the same frequency but with different stroke volumes, all deviated from the steady flow curves in the Moody diagram, always tending to increase the dimensionless pressure drop. The increase was largest when instantaneous flow was near zero and was minimal at the peak flow in a given inspiration or expiration. These data led to the identification of a dimensionless parameter (epsilon) that reflects the relative importance of local acceleration (unsteadiness) to convective acceleration at any given instant during a flow cycle. A dimensional analysis then reveals that the pressure-flow relationship in a given airway system is uniquely and completely determined by a combination of three dimensionless parameters: Reynolds number (Re), Womersley number (alpha), and the new parameter (epsilon). With this set of parameters we can explain all reported apparent paradoxes as well as the present findings. PMID- 7298473 TI - Rapid brain cooling in the free-running hamster Mesocricetus auratus. AB - A thermocouple reentrant tube was stereotaxically implanted in the rostral brain stem of the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Brain temperature was continuously recorded while the hamster was permitted volitional running on an activity wheel. There was an immediate decrease in brain temperature at the start of running activity, reaching a mean of 0.49 degrees C below the prerunning level. Spontaneous or forced cessation of running activity was associated with a rapid recovery of brain temperature. The time course of brain cooling during exercise greatly differed from the exponential decay of brain temperature in hyperthermic and dead animals. Air flow through the nose may contribute to the maintenance of a low brain temperature because nasal blockade promotes an increase in brain temperature. Below an ambient temperature of 33 degrees C, the resting hamster maintains its brain temperature below deep-body (abdominal) temperature. Vinyl acetate casts of the arterial and venous systems revealed several potential sites for heat exchange that might account for brain cooling under resting and exercising conditions. PMID- 7298474 TI - Blind oral tracheal intubation of rats. AB - Tracheal intubation is often necessary for experiments involving anesthetized rats. Previously described methods for endotracheal intubation have required either a tracheostomy or intubation under direct vision. These techniques require considerable time and skill. Therefore we dissected rats to evaluate the anatomy of the airway. Using these data, we originated a technique for blind oral tracheal intubation using a modified 16-gauge intravenous catheter. The technique has a reasonable success rate and can be performed much more rapidly than conventional methods. PMID- 7298475 TI - Influence of hematocrit and temperature on solubility of acetylene and dimethyl ether. AB - Estimation of pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) and tissue volume (Vt) by rebreathing acetylene (Ac) and dimethyl ether (DME) is dependent on the blood-gas partition coefficient (lambda) of these gases. We investigated the effects of hematocrit (Hct) and temperature on lambda. Human and canine blood was equilibrated at different Hct for 40 min at 37.5 degrees C with 1% Ac and 1% DME in air. Gas concentration in the headspace was measured by gas chromatography. lambda Ac increased with increasing Hct, suggesting a slight lipid affinity, whereas lambda DME decreased with increasing Hct, displaying the known blood water content dependence. The influence of temperature on lambda in the range of 32--47 degrees C was investigated also. lambda Ac and lambda DME decreased as the temperature was raised, in accordance with the Gibbs-Helm-holtz equation. Empirical equations were derived to relate lambda to to Hct and temperature. PMID- 7298476 TI - Adolescent health and personality: significance for adult health. AB - Prediction of health at middle age was studied in two longitudinal investigations of urban children: the Berkeley Guidance Study from birth to 42 years of age and the Oakland Growth Study from 11 through 50 years of age. Overall health ratings, weight status, blood pressure, and personality measures were analyzed. Weight/height ratios were highly stable from childhood to adolescence and moderately stable from adolescence to middle age. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in adolescence were moderately predictive of adult status. Health ratings in adolescence were predictive of health ratings in middle age for female only. Teenage personality traits appear to have significance for adult health in that a calm, controlled personality in adolescence tends to be a significant forecaster of health in midlife. Male and female patterns differ in that female health appears to be influenced more by personality and experiential factors. PMID- 7298477 TI - Mental health care in an adolescent medical setting. AB - Two hundred sixty-four troubled adolescents referred to a medical adolescent clinic were randomly assigned to one of three therapies and to one of four conditions defined by whether treatment was delayed for 6 weeks or not, and whether or not the case was presented to a psychiatrist. Patients were assessed by parents and self-reports at intake and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks, using the Adolescent Life Assessment Check List (ALAC). This 40-item instrument yielded a total and six subscores. Patients in all treatment conditions showed improvement across time as measured by the ALAC (patient or parent). Improvement was noted for each race--sex group, for each of the four conditions, and for patients assigned to each therapist. Differences in outcome were noted for immediate vs. delay groups and for groups given psychiatric consultation. By 6 months, scores on the adolescent ALAC approximated those of a matched normative sample tested. Although successful, the program should be replicated before its findings are generalized. PMID- 7298478 TI - Unwed teenage fathers: emotional and health educational needs. AB - Sixteen unwed teenage prospective fathers (mean age, 17.4 years) were studied to evaluate their emotional and health education needs. All were partners of girls enrolled in an adolescent maternity project. Nine teenagers were clinically assessed to be coping well with the pregnancy; 4, to be coping moderately well; and 3, to be coping poorly. Six teenagers were referred for counseling because of clinical evidence of significant depression. In response to a series of 4 questions testing their knowledge of reproductive physiology, 5 subjects answered 3--4 questions correctly; 10, 1--2 correctly; and 1, none. All expressed great interest in learning more about childbirth and childcare. In this select group of teenagers, there was a need for supportive counseling services and teaching in health education. Further research is needed to determine the scope of the problems encountered by unwed teenage fathers in other clinical settings. PMID- 7298479 TI - Adolescent abuse: the dimensions of the problem. AB - Physical and sexual abuse of adolescents is becoming a major health problem in the United States. Among all confirmed cases of abuse, 28% occur between 12 and 17 years of age. Physical abuse in this age group often results from situational conflicts and discipline is frequently the rationale. In infants the sex distribution is approximately equal, but adolescent females are twice as likely to be abused as adolescent males, largely because of the frequency of sexual abuse. As the individual of first contact, the health care provider is often in a unique position to offer help to both the adolescents and their parents by maintaining open lines of communication, relating to the parents and the youth, diffusing potentially abusive situations, and treating cases appropriately when abuse occurs. This paper reviews the Minnesota definitions of abuse and neglect and presents recent Minnesota data on adolescent abuse. The dynamics of the problem are analyzed in comparison with child abuse and in the context of adolescent development. Suggestions are presented to assist the practitioner in identifying, treating and reporting adolescent abuse. PMID- 7298480 TI - Menstrual extraction in the adolescent. AB - Menstrual extraction or suction aspiration of the uterus with a flexible cannula within 2 weeks of a missed menstrual period is infrequently used in the adolescent. Eighty-two adolescents (39 private and 43 clinic patients) underwent 90 menstrual extractions at the Medical University of South Carolina from January 1977 through March 1979. The clinic population consisted of a higher percentage of blacks and more individuals who had previously been pregnant and carried pregnancies to term. Major complications occurred in only two patients. One pregnancy continued to term. This could have been prevented if vigorous attempts had been made to encourage all patients to return for follow-up exam. The patients' shift to the use of pills and IUDs after the procedure suggests that menstrual extraction may serve as an introduction to effective birth control methods. Results of menstrual extraction in the adolescent compare favorably with those reported in adults. PMID- 7298481 TI - The appropriateness of health services for adolescents: youth's opinions and attitudes. AB - Minnesota high school students were surveyed about their attitudes, beliefs, and opinions about health, illness, and medical care. Data were obtained from small group discussions conducted by the adolescents themselves in schools and agencies throughout the state. This paper reports their views toward adolescent medical services. Teenagers emphasized the idea of service appropriateness as central to promoting service utilization. Key to the concept of appropriateness were the components of staff, cost and confidentiality. Each of these dimensions is examined from the view of youth as to implications for increased appropriateness of services for both utilization and improved health. Findings are discussed in terms of differences in problem definition between the adolescent and professional, and their implications for medical care in conventional and alternative settings. PMID- 7298482 TI - Utilization of fetal scalp pH and direct fetal electrocardiogram in the intrapartum management of congenital complete heart block in an adolescent primigravida. AB - This case report documents the antepartum detection of congenital complete heart block in the fetus of an adolescent primigravida. Management utilizing direct fetal electrocardiogram and fetal scalp sampling is discussed. The report illustrates the appropriate management of a fetus in utero with congenital complete heart block and suggests procedures to be taken prior to delivery in the expectant management of a neonate with a congenital conduction defect. PMID- 7298483 TI - Neck pain due to acute suppurative thyroiditis and thyroglossal duct abscess. AB - One case of acute suppurative thyroiditis and one case of thyroglossal duct abscess are presented and discussed. Although they may often present similar symptoms and signs, they need to be differentiated from each other and from other causes of painful thyroid-related neck masses to ensure appropriate therapeutic intervention. Techniques and new developments helpful in differential evaluation, including thyroid radioscintigraphy and ultrasonography, are discussed. PMID- 7298484 TI - Cardiovascular responses to exercise following adolescent hypertensive pregnancy. AB - With the establishment of hypertension as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease, more attention is being given to hypertension in youth. Hypertension during pregnancy has been associated with an increased incidence of hypertension in later years. To determine if this could be identified early, a group of adolescents who had been hypertensive during pregnancy and a control group who had normotensive pregnancies were studied by stress exercise testing and compared 4--6 years post partum. At rest, during each phase of graded exercise, and during the postexercise observation period, mean heart rate was significantly higher in the previously hypertensive group. Double product (heart rate x blood pressure), an index of myocardial oxygen consumption, was also significantly greater in the previously hypertensive group. When corrected for body weight and race, the amplitude of the R wave in lead V5 as well as a change in R-wave height with exercise were significantly greater in the group of adolescents who had been hypertensive during pregnancy. The observation of group differences 4--6 years post partum suggests a continuing abnormality that may predispose this group to develop early hypertensive cardiovascular disease. PMID- 7298485 TI - A fascial canal for the great saphenous vein: gross and microanatomical observations. AB - The course of the great saphenous vein in a fascial canal derived from the deep fascia of the lower extremity is described. The fascial canal is absent in 15% of the cases. In 85% of the cases, the sheath surrounding the great saphenous vein is continuous from the thigh to the leg and supports the vein from the hydrostatic pressure of the blood, being absent only in the uppermost and the lowermost quarters of the vein in the thigh and the leg, respectively. Thus, up to one quarter of the vein is ensheathed in 30%, up to one half in 45% and up to three quarters in 10% of the cases studied. The absence of this fascial envelope of the vein, in whole or in part, may be involved in the pathogenesis or the complications of the varicosities of the great saphenous vein along with the well known aggravating factors. PMID- 7298486 TI - Morphology and response to vagus nerve section of the intra-epithelial axons of the rat trachea. A quantitative ultrastructural study. AB - The fine structure and distribution of the axons in the epithelium of the left and right sides of the trachea were studied in control rats and in rats subjected to unilateral cervical vagotomy. In control rats, the axons possessed similar ultrastructural features to the vesicle-containing axons which have been identified in the cornea and in the submucous plexus of the ureter. Stereological analysis showed that there are considerable differences in the degree of orientation of the axons and in the density of the intra-epithelial plexus on the two sides of the trachea. Degenerating axons were most numerous in the epithelium one day after vagotomy and degeneration and elimination of the axons by phagocytosis by the epithelial cells was completed within three days of section of the nerve. Comparison of the figures for the numbers of axons/grid hole obtained from specimens taken three days after vagotomy with those obtained from control specimens indicated that almost all the axons are derived directly from the vagus and that, although the majority of the axons in the epithelium on one side of the trachea are derived from the ipsilateral nerve, approximately one fifth are derived from the nerve on the contralateral side. PMID- 7298487 TI - The cytoarchitecture and capillary supply in the skeletal muscle of growing dogs. PMID- 7298488 TI - A histoquantitative study on the effects of castration on the rat ventral prostate lobe. AB - The effects of castration on the rat ventral prostate was studied utilizing an improved histoquantitative technique. Both volumetric fractions of the tissue compartments and their fractional weights, or, 'total amounts', were calculated during an observation period of 30 days. In addition, the surface area, length and mean diameter of the glandular tubules were recorded. The changes in the mean free distance between the tubules were recorded. The changes in the mean free distance between the tubules ('thickness' of the interacinar tissue) and the mean distance between the glandular centres were also determined. It was observed that the prostatic epithelium was quickly reduced in thickness after castration, to one half at day 2. Decline of the fractional amount of the lumen was slower; it also reached below the 10% level at day 30. The amount of interacinar tissue first increased at 12 hours by one third, but from then on decreased to one third of the normal amount. The 'thickness' of the stroma almost doubled, which was probably due to the sum of the simultaneous marked decline in the diameter of the tubules to one third of the original and the less striking reduction to two thirds of the mean distance between the glandular centres. The morphometrical method ensured the acquisition of a quantitative insight into the tissue processes involved in prostatic atrophy. Calculation of the fractional weights was regarded as especially invaluable, inasmuch as a growing body of evidence has been accumulated in favour of the crucial role of stromal-epithelial interactions in the differentiation, and growth, of the prostate. PMID- 7298490 TI - Arched gonadal arteries in the South African negro. AB - The frequency with which the gonadal arteries follow a recurrent course, upwards and arching over the renal veins before descending to the gonads, is recorded for the South African Negro. The gonadal arteries follow such a course on the left side in 17, 2% and on the right side in 22% of cases. This incidence for arched left sided arteries is comparable to that recorded in other studies, but the frequency for arched right sided arteries in the South African Negro appears to be higher. Recognition of arching gonadal arteries is of importance to the vascular surgeon and urologist. PMID- 7298489 TI - Studies of the deferent ducts from the testis of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. I. Structural differentiation. PMID- 7298492 TI - Mitotic indices of rat laryngeal epithelia. AB - The histology and mitotic indices of rat laryngeal epithelia were investigated. Five distinct types of epithelia were found: stratified squamous, squamoid (low squamous), respiratory and two cuboidal forms. Squamous epithelium was present mainly in the cranial portion of the larynx, whereas the respiratory type was mostly located in caudal regions. One type of cuboidal epithelium often formed intermediate zones between squamous and respiratory areas. Another form of cuboidal epithelium lined the ventral pouch, and the vocal folds were covered by a low squamous or squamoid type. The mitotic index for each type of epithelium was calculated using colchicine and was expressed as the percentage of total epithelial cells of that kind in mitosis. Mitotic indices for laryngeal epithelial types were: 5.6% in squamous epithelium; 2.4% in the squamoid epithelium of the vocal folds; 2.2% in the cuboidal epithelium in the ventrolateral region; 1.5% in the cuboidal epithelium of the ventral pouch, and 0.6% in respiratory epithelium, although in isolated ciliated areas in the lower epiglottis it was considerably higher (2.6%). There were no significant differences between rats examined on different occasions. PMID- 7298493 TI - Electron microscopic evidence for mitotic division of oligodendrocytes. PMID- 7298491 TI - The organisation of catecholamine-containing neurons in the brain of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The distribution of catecholamine neurons in the brains of several rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was studied by means of the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde histofluorescence technique. Catecholamine-containing cell bodies in the medulla and pons were found to correspond essentially to the noradrenaline cell groups A1 A7, originally defined in the rat. The pontine catecholamine neurons of the locus coeruleus (A6) and subcoeruleal tegmental areas (A6, A5 and A7) are, however, far more numerous in M. mulatta; observations which agree with reports in other primate species and carnivores. Rostrally projecting fibres, analogous to the ascending 'ventral' and 'dorsal' noradrenaline bundles described in other species, have also been observed in addition to those equivalent to the dorsal periventricular system. The large number of cells present throughout the mesencephalon represent dopamine cell groups A8-A10, while small populations of catecholamine neurons within the periventricular regions of the hypothalamus correspond to groups A11-A14. A prominent terminal innervation of the diencephalon (hypothalamus) is also evident in M. mulatta. Although similar in general terms to that in other species, several important variations are apparent. These and other differences noted above may underlie species specific variations in behaviour. PMID- 7298494 TI - Postnatal development and differentiation of contractile cells within the rabbit testis. AB - This study has been determined the postnatal development and differentiation of smooth muscle cells within the rabbit testicular capsule and within the peritubular tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules. Smooth muscle cells within the tunica albuginea are not identifiable at birth by light microscopy but by electron microscopy myocytes in early stages of development may be shown to be present. It is not until 42 to 49 days postnatum that smooth muscle cells can be identified by light microscopy. Differentiation of smooth muscle cells within the capsule is completed by 128 days postnatum. At this time, the muscle is arranged in two organized layers, a superficial layer of longitudinally oriented cells and a deeper layer of circularly arranged cells. At birth, the peritubular tissue consists of two to four layers of undifferentiated cells and, during the first postnatal week, the tissue becomes more condensed and generally is arranged in two cellular layers. Cells of the inner layer contain small bundles of microfibrils whereas cells of the outer layer are fibroblast in nature. Differentiation of the peritubular tissue is completed by 112 days postnatum. At this stage, it consists of four layers, two acellular and two cellular. The inner cellular layer, composed of attentuated myoid cells, possesses a basal lamina on both surfaces and is surrounded by two delicate connective tissue lamellae. The myoid cells of the peritubular tissue thus achieve structural maturity at approximately the same time postnatally as do those within the testicular capsule, which corresponds to the time when spermatogenesis becomes established. The relative contributions of the myoid cells in the peritubular tissue and within the testicular capsule to the movement of non-motile spermatozoa out of the testis and the possible significance of the peritubular tissue as a component of the permeability barrier are discussed in relation to the present findings. PMID- 7298496 TI - The ultrastructure of myocardial cells in the golden hamster Cricetus auratus. AB - Electron microscope studies of the myocardium of the golden hamster revealed that the primary T-tubules in ventricular and atrial myocytes are substantially wider than their counterparts in most other mammalian species. Another feature is the presence of numerous lipid bodies but these are not as closely apposed to mitochondria as in seal myocardial cells. General atrial myocardial cells in the hamster contain numerous electron-dense spherical granules but these are absent from cells of the nodal and conducting system; in regard to these latter features in hamster resembles most other mammals. PMID- 7298495 TI - The origin of the preganglionic parasympathetic fibres to the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in the rat: a horseradish peroxidase study. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was applied to a ligation of the chorda tympani nerves running alongside the submandibular duct in order to label the preganglionic parasympathetic salivatory neurons in the brain stem. Labelled neurons were found in the ipsilateral motor trigeminal nucleus, lateral reticular formation and in the facial motor nuclei of both sides. However, the labelling of neurons in the motor nuclei of the trigeminal and facial nucleus was caused by the uptake of horseradish peroxidase by axons in the musculature surrounding the injection site which were probably damaged by the dissection procedure. The salivatory neurons were fusiform multipolar cells which were mainly located in the ipsilateral nucleus reticularis parvocellularis. No evidence for salivatory neurons in the nucleus supragenualis was found. PMID- 7298497 TI - A new neurological rat mutant "mutilated foot". AB - A new autosomal recessive mutant rat (mutilated foot) with a neurological disorder is described. Affected animals become ataxic and the feet, generally of the hind limbs, are mutilated. Quantitative studies show a severe reduction in numbers of sensory ganglion cells and fibres, including unmyelinated fibres. The numbers of ventral root fibres, particularly those of small diameter, are also reduced. Markedly decreased numbers of spindles are found in the limb muscles. These quantitative abnormalities are present in animals of all ages and appear to be congenital. No nerve fibre degeneration is found in the spinal cord of young animals, but progressive degeneration of ascending tracts is seen with increasing age. Mossy fibre degeneration in the cerebellum confirms that the spinocerebellar tract is affected. The neurological disease in this mutant shows many similarities to that found in human hereditary sensory neuropathy. PMID- 7298498 TI - Muscle development in the human fetus as exemplified by m. sartorius: a quantitative study. AB - M. sartorius was removed from 21 human fetuses ranging from 7.0 to 35.0 cm crown rump length (CR). Various gross amd cellular changes (as seen in a transverse section) which take place in developing human skeletal muscle were quantified. The weights, lengths and cross sectional areas (at mid-length level) of m. sartorius were found to exhibit allometric relationship with CR and body weight (BW). Initially (7.5 cm CR) myotubes were more numerous and larger (40 micrometer 2 cross sectional area) than the myofibres (about 26 micrometer 2). This situation was soon reversed, however, so that at about 19 cm CR myotubes were only a very small proportion of the total muscle cell population and somewhat smaller than the myofibres in cross sectional area. At about 21 cm CR all myotube appearance was lost, whilst the total number of myofibres increased rapidly up to about 22.5 cm CR, and thereafter the rate slowed down. This stage (22.5 cm CR) seemed, in fact, to be about the time when hypertrophy of myofibres started to markedly replace hyperplasia as the main factor contributing to total muscle cross sectional area increase, although there was still a 6% contribution from hyperplasia at 35 cm CR. At 18 to 22 cm CR there were no more myofibres in the smallest size class (2-3 micrometer diameter). This may be an indication that real hyperplasia had ceased at this point so that beyond this the hyperplasia seen was only apparent and represented longitudinal growth of existing myofibres. Throughout the period studied the amount of intercellular space decreased (at a declining rate) from about 62% at 7 cm CR to about 21% at 35 cm CR. Results on counts of nuclei suggested that total muscle nuclear proliferation slowed down in later gestation. Myofibril number was not related to myotube size but increased, though at a declining rate, with myofibre size. All the muscle parameters mentioned were plotted against CR, and sometimes BW, and regression equations given wherever possible. PMID- 7298500 TI - New observations on the onset and duration of the meiotic prophase in the female golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - The onset and evolution of the meiotic prophase were assessed by histological and cytological techniques in fetal and neonatal ovaries obtained from day 13 postcoitum to day 11 postpartum in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). The histological technique based on the Feulgen stain and the cytological technique based on the Giemsa stain of isolated nuclei were judged to be specific for staining chromatin and chromosomal DNA. The results obtained with both techniques were quite similar and confirmed most of the meiotic prophase takes place during the neonatal period. However, at variance with other reports, it was found that the meiotic prophase starts on day 14 postcoitum. This discrepancy is attributed to the greater specificity of techniques and time span covered in the present study. PMID- 7298499 TI - Observations on the primordial germ cells of bandicoots (Peramelidae, Marsupialia). AB - Characteristically, bandicoot primordial germ cells are large, lightly staining cells with vesicular nuclei in which the chromatin is clumped beneath the nuclear envelope. Rounded, lightly staining cells in the yolk sac wall of 9 1/2 days old embryos are tentatively identified as primordial germ cells; as they lack other primordial germ cell attributes it is suggested that they may be prospective primordial germ cells in the process of differentiation. The primordial germ cells reach the prominent gonadal rudiments by migration through the hindgut and dorsal mesentery, as in eutherian mammals. In 9 1/2 days old embryos the primordial germ cells are found in the hindgut endoderm and mesoderm. By day 11 they are migrating in the dorsal mesentery. During migration the primordial germ cells undergo both division and attrition. Primordial germ cells reach the gonadal ridges around the perinatal period. No sexual differences are evident at this stage. As the gonadal ridges develop before the primordial germ cells reach their vicinity their development is clearly independent of the primordial germ cells. PMID- 7298501 TI - Romantic and classical views of analysis. Primal relationship or working relationship? PMID- 7298502 TI - Incest and omnipotence in the internal family. PMID- 7298503 TI - The activation of a fear in the analytic relationship. PMID- 7298504 TI - Delusions that will not be denied. PMID- 7298505 TI - Comment on 'The use of the dream in contemporary analysis' by Kenneth Lambert. PMID- 7298506 TI - The emergence of child analysis. PMID- 7298507 TI - X-14766A, a halogen containing polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces malachitofuscus subsp. downeyi ATCC 31547. Discovery, fermentation, biological properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. PMID- 7298508 TI - Isolation and characterization of the first halogen containing polyether antibiotic X-14766A, a product of Streptomyces malachitofuscus subsp. downeyi. PMID- 7298509 TI - BBM-928, a new antitumor antibiotic complex. III. Structure determination of BBM 928 A, B and C. AB - Structures of antitumor antibiotics BBM-928 A, B and C have been determined. They are cyclic decadepsipeptides containing 3-hydroxy-6-methoxyquinaldic acid as a chromophore. Two amino acids, not found in nature, L-beta-hydroxyl-N-methylvaline and trans-(3S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazine-3-carboxylic acid, were identified as structural constituents of the antibiotic. In gross structure, BBM 928 resembles the echinomycin group of antibiotics which are cyclic octadepsipeptides having a quinoxaline chromophore, but BBM-928 differs from the latter group by virtue of the lack of a sulfur-containing cross linkage. PMID- 7298510 TI - Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4 yl)acetamido]cephalosporin derivatives. IV. Synthesis of 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl) 2-methoxyiminoacetic acid derivatives and related compounds. AB - In an effort to improve the antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4 yl)acetamido]-cephalosporins by introducing a methoxyimino group into the 7-acyl side chain, geometrically isomeric 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetic acids and their derivatives were selectively synthesized. Structurally related acid derivatives were also synthesized. A facile and practical synthesis of an important starting material, 2-(2-chloroacetamidothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2 methoxyiminoacetic acid, for the preparation of SCE-1365 which is now under extensive clinical trial was achieved. PMID- 7298511 TI - 6'-N-methylfortimicins A and B and 6',6'-di-N-methylfortimicins A and B. AB - Selective 6'-N-alkylation of 1,2'-di-N-benzyloxycarbonylfortimicin B was effected by both catalytic and chemical reductive alkylation in the presence of aldehydes. These facile selective 6'-N-alkylations were used as the basis of the preparations of the 6',6'-di-N-methylfortimicins A and B, and the 6'-N methylfortimicins A and B. Of these new 6'-N-methylated fortimicins, only 6'-N methylfortimicin A has appreciable antibacterial activity, which was about half that of fortimicin A. PMID- 7298512 TI - An in vitro study on the toxoplasmacidal activity of lonomycin A in host cells. AB - Lonomycin A at various concentrations was tested for its inhibitory effect on Toxoplasma multiplication in host cells cultured in vitro. Results indicate that lonomycin A at a concentration of 0.01 micrograms per ml in TC-199 medium demonstrated a high degree of antitoxoplasma activity with complete inhibition of Toxoplasma multiplication in the host cells. Lymphokines, a supernatant produced from spleen cells of mice infected chronically with Toxoplasma gondii, inhibited Toxoplasma multiplication in mice macrophage and kidney cell monolayers. However, lonomycin A inhibited completely Toxoplasma multiplication in non-specific cells, i.e. not only in mice macrophages and kidney cells but also in cells of human and other animal species. PMID- 7298513 TI - Semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotics. III. New deoxy derivatives of paromomycin. PMID- 7298514 TI - New mitomycin, 10-decarbamoyloxy-9-dehydromitomycin B from Streptomyces caespitosus. PMID- 7298515 TI - Structure-activity relationships among 4"-(p-substituted phenylacetyl) deltamycins, the semisynthetic macrolides. PMID- 7298516 TI - Calf survival and preweaning growth in divergent beef breeds and crosses. PMID- 7298517 TI - Selection for feed conversion on efficiency and growth in mice. AB - Selection for feed conversion substantially influenced growth and gross feed efficiency of mice. Realized heritabilities and genic correlation for increased gain on fixed feed intake (FF) and decreased feed intake on a constant gain (FG) were estimated to be .56, .73 and -.93, respectively. The genic correlations between FF and 56-day weight and between FG and 56-day weight were estimated to be .67 and -.95, respectively. The relative efficiency in changing FF or FG by selecting directly for 56-day weight was found to be .7 in either case. When efficiency was defined as the incorporation of biomass independent of maintenance, no difference was found between selection treatments. Differences in mature weight and feed intake approached significance with selected lines having higher means than controls. The absence of a correlated response in the ability to use energy for growth indicates that selection for feed to gain ratio changes maintenance requirements but not requirements for growth. PMID- 7298518 TI - Factors influencing the lipogenic rate in swine adipose tissue. AB - Measurements of the lipogenic rate in adipose tissue samples obtained sequentially by biopsy from the same pig may be useful for many nutritional experiments. The average lipogenic rate over a short period (several days to 2 weeks) appears to be relatively stable if the pigs weigh about 20 kg initially and if approximately 10 animals are allotted to each experimental group. The lipogenic rate is readily influenced by the feeding regimen (amount and timing). It is easily lowered by less than ad libitum dietary intakes and is influenced especially by the intake pattern for several days preceding the rate determination. In two different experiments, the lipogenic rate obtained at either 20 or 50 kg body weight was not effective as a predictor of backfat thickness or loineye area measured 13 or 6 weeks later, respectively. PMID- 7298519 TI - Influence of age, sex and calcium and phosphorus levels on the mechanical properties of various bones in swine. PMID- 7298520 TI - Effect of level of dietary calcium-phosphorus during growth and gestation on performance, blood and bone parameters of swine. PMID- 7298521 TI - Effect of level of dietary calcium-phosphorus during growth and gestation on calcium-phosphorus balance and reproductive performance of first-litter sows. AB - Twenty-four bred gilts were used in a Ca-P metabolism trial. Twelve gilts were fed gestation treatment A (13 g Ca, 10 g/day), while the other 12 were fed gestation treatment B (19.5 g Ca. 15 g P/day). One-half of the gilts in each treatment group were fed .65% Ca, .50% P from 7 to 94 kg, and half were fed .975% Ca, .75% P for the same period. Treatment B gilts excreted more (P less than .005) fecal and urinary P. Twenty-four first litter sows fed the same treatment diets during growth and gestation and given .75% Ca, .50% P during lactation were used in a Ca and P balance trial conducted from day 38 to 42 of lactation. No difference in fecal, urinary or milk Ca or P were noted between sows fed the different diets during growth or gestation. A higher (P less than .05) value for Ca balance during lactation was observed for sows fed treatment diet B during gestation than for those fed gestation diet A. There were growth treatment x gestation treatment interactions (P less than .05) for both Ca and P balance. No differences were noted in total pigs farrowed, total pigs farrowed alive, average weaning weight or number of pigs weaned. Birth weights were higher (P less than .05) for pigs from sows fed diet B during gestation than for pigs from sows fed diet. A. Pre- and postfarrowing weights, weaned sow weight and lactation gain were similar regardless of treatment fed during growth or gestation. PMID- 7298522 TI - Use of active immunization against prolactin to study the influence of prolactin on growth and reproduction in the ram. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine whether prolactin (PRL) is involved in the maintenance of reproductive tissue weights and body growth in yearling rams. Suppression of circulating PRL was achieved by active antibody production against bovine PRL. Free plasma PRL concentrations in immunized rams were decreased (P less than .05) by 73% after 3 months of treatment and 91% after 10 months of treatment in relation to concentrations in control rams. Average daily gain and final body weight were lower (P less than .05) for rams with suppressed circulating PRL (.042 kg/day and 67.0 kg for treatment rams and .060 kg/day and 72.7 kg for control rams). Although testes weights were 32% lower for the treated rams, antibody treatment did not affect (P greater than .05) the weights of the testes or accessory sex glands. No treatment effect was noted on plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH) or thyrotropin (TSH). Seasonal differences were observed in some variables of LH, GH and TSH secretion. Mean baseline LH for all animals was higher (P less than .01) in December than in March, June or September. Overall and baseline concentration of GH and TSh were highest (P less than .01) in December. These data suggest that (1) PRL is involved in body growth of the yearling ram, and (2) PRL may have a role in the maintenance of reproductive tissue weights in the yearling ram. PMID- 7298523 TI - Effect of indomethacin and prostaglandin F2 alpha on parturition in swine. PMID- 7298524 TI - Efficiency of mastication in relation to hay intake by cattle. AB - Four dry Holstein cows and four hay levels (50, 75, 100 and 125% of NRC recommended dry matter intake) were used to study the efficiency of mastication and rumination in relation to hay intake. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 Latin square with 7-day periods. Increased hay levels resulted in increased rumination time, eating time, number of rechewings and boluses. When corrected for cell wall constituents (CWC) intake, rumination time decreased as level of hay intake increased, while eating time increased. Consequently, total chewing time per kilogram CWC intake did not differ (P less than .05) with hay level. Results indicate that ingested roughages required a constant amount of trituration either by eating or by rumination. The amount of each fecal particle size fraction retained by four different sieve sizes, and the total of these larger particles (above .3 mm), did not differ (P greater than .05) among hay levels. Results suggest that acceptability of indigestible particles by the reticulo-omasal orifice was not affected by the amount of hay intake. PMID- 7298525 TI - Feed intake, rumen fluid volume and turnover, nitrogen and mineral balance and acid-base status of wethers changed from low to high concentrate diets. PMID- 7298526 TI - Plasma amino acid response to abomasal infusions of amino acids in sheep. PMID- 7298527 TI - Biological detection of heterozygosity for double muscling in cattle. I. Terminal innervation ratio. AB - The extent of axonal branching of peripheral motor nerves in musculature of homozygous and heterozygous double-muscled cattle and of nondouble-muscled cattle was investigated. The purpose was to determine whether there are differences between genotypes and if such differences could be useful as objective criteria for identifying heterozygotes. Significant differences were found between the functional terminal innervation ratios for double-muscled and nondouble-muscled groups for both the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles. However, there was considerable overlap among individual animals of different genotypes. Because of this overlap, and the possibility that axonal branching may be related to the degree of muscle enlargement, we concluded that terminal innervation ratios would be of marginal value in identifying double-muscled heterozygotes. PMID- 7298528 TI - Biological detection of heterozygosity for double muscling in cattle. II. Thyroid hormone concentrations. AB - Serum levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were measured by radioimmunoassay to determine whether differences exist between double-muscled (DM) homozygous, DM heterozygous and non-DM cattle of beef and dairy origins. No differences in triiodothyronine concentrations were found between heterozygous and non-DM beef animals, but thyroxine concentrations in non-DM dairy cattle were significantly different from those in non-DM beef. Unexpectedly, hormone concentrations in DM homozygotes were lower than those in other genotypes. PMID- 7298529 TI - Subcutaneous adipose tissue development in Yorkshire (lean) and Ossabaw (obese) pigs. AB - Subcutaneous adipose tissue development was studied in Yorkshire (lean) and Ossabaw (obese) pigs. Three pigs of each breed were slaughtered at 1 to 2 (group 1), 14 to 20 (group 2), 56 to 70 (group 3) and 180 (group 4) days of age. Formalin and(or) Bouin's fixed paraffin sections were analyzed by various staining procedures. Fresh frozen sections were tested for lipid, esterase activity and glycogen. Fat cell size increased with age in the Ossabaw pigs. Fat cell size was similar for group 1 and 2 Yorkshire pigs. Transitional cells between spindle-shaped. basophilic cells and multilocular adipocytes were present in group 1 Yorkshire pigs. The transition was characterized by a loss of cytoplasmic basophilia and a change in nuclei size and shape. The nuclei of presumptive preadipocytes and small multilocular adipocytes contained one to three prominent nucleoli surrounded by an evenly dispersed, pale staining chromatin material. Cells with identical nuclear morphologies and little apparent cytoplasm were observed in adipose tissue of Ossabaw and Yorkshire pigs of all age groups. The frequency of multilocular adipocytes (percentage of the total adipocytes that were multilocular) decreased during the first 2 weeks of life in both breeds. In age group 3, multilocular adipocytes were more numerous in Ossabaw pigs than in Yorkshire pigs (20 vs less than 1%). Capillary histological and histochemical changes were associated with adipocyte hypertrophy in the younger pigs of both breeds. PMID- 7298530 TI - Effects of serum on swine morulae and blastocysts in vitro. PMID- 7298531 TI - The relationship of capsular-type of Staphylococcus epidermidis to virulence and induction of resistance in the mouse. PMID- 7298532 TI - A simple sensitive method for determining staphylococcal thermonuclease in cheese. PMID- 7298533 TI - The relevance of the distribution of micro-organisms within batches of food to the control of microbiological hazards from foods. PMID- 7298534 TI - Compliance training and behavioral covariation in the treatment of multiple behavior problems. AB - The present study investigated the use of a compliance-training procedure and its effect on untreated deviant child behaviors. Three children, each generally noncompliant to adult requests and with several additional problems, such as crying, aggression, and self-injurious behavior, were trained in the compliance procedure under a multiple-baseline design across therapists. Compliance was defined as the correct response to prespecified requests. Other classes of deviant child behavior were measured continuously throughout the study but not directly reinforced. The results of the study showed that (a) increases in compliance to requests were directly related to the contingencies employed; (b) decreases in untreated deviant behaviors occurred when compliance increased, even though no direct contingencies had been placed on these behaviors; and (c) the relationship between untreated deviant behaviors and compliance appeared to be maintained by a different set of events in each of the three children. The results are discussed in terms of behavioral covariation and generalization. PMID- 7298535 TI - Training parents in behavioral self-management: an analysis of generalization and maintenance. AB - This study examined the generalization and maintenance effects of three phases of parent training (Instructions plus Feedback and two Self-management Training phases) on levels of disruptive child behavior and the accuracy with which parents implemented programs. Data were collected from five families in three main settings: the initial training setting (the home), a variety of generalization settings in the community, and the family breakfast. A multiple baseline across subjects design was used. Instructions plus Feedback comprised instructing parents to use a range of behavior management procedures and provided home-based differential feedback concerning accuracy of program implementation. Self-management Training phases involved training parents in goal setting, self monitoring, and planning skills, specific to their performance of appropriate parenting skills in generalization settings. Results indicated that the Instructions plus Feedback phase was sufficient to produce reduced levels of problem behavior at home and high levels of accurate implementation, but generalization effects out of home were equivocal. Self-management maintained reduced levels of problem behavior at home but, in addition, resulted in generalization effects in community settings for both children and parents. Maintenance probes 3 months following the program revealed the effects had been maintained. PMID- 7298536 TI - Stimulus overselectivity in learning disabled children. AB - Stimulus overselectivity, a phenomenon exhibited by autistic and institutionalized retarded individuals, was examined in mildly handicapped and nonhandicapped public school children. Subjects were 16 young, educable mentally retarded, 16 learning disabled, 15 nonhandicapped first- and second-graders, and 16 older, educable retarded students. The children were trained on a 3-component visual discrimination task and then tested on individual elements to determine which element or elements were controlling subject responses. Nine of the young educable mentally retarded children and eight of the learning disabled students showed some overselectivity. The majority of overselective retarded children were controlled by only one of the three components of the training cue, whereas the majority of the overselective learning disabled children responded to the discrimination task on the basis of two of the three components. No overselectivity was exhibited by the nonhandicapped students. All three cue components were also functional in controlling the responding of 14 of the 16 older retarded students, but two children were under the control of only one cue. The research indicated that in terms of overselectivity, learning disabled children respond more like young, mildly retarded children than they do like nonhandicapped ones. The demonstration of stimulus overselectivity in a sizable portion of a learning disabled sample may have implications for a more empirically based approach to this handicapped population. PMID- 7298537 TI - Social validation and training of emergency fire safety skills for potential injury prevention and life saving. AB - A multifaceted behavioral program designed to teach emergency fire escape procedures to children was evaluated in a multiple-baseline design. Five children were trained to respond correctly to nine home emergency fire situations under simulated conditions. The situations and responses focused upon in training were identified by a social validation procedure involving consultation with several safety agencies, including the direct input of firefighters. Training, carried out in simulated bedrooms at school, resulted in significant improvements in both overt behavior and self-report of fire safety skills. The gains were maintained at a post-check assessment 2 weeks after training had been terminated. The results are discussed in relation both to the importance of social validation of targets and outcomes and the implications for further research in assessing and developing emergency response skills. PMID- 7298538 TI - Assessment and treatment of clinical fears in mentally retarded children. AB - Three moderately mentally retarded females ranging from 8 to 10 years of age were treated for long-standing fears. These children had refused to talk with or be in the same general vicinity of adults other than their parents, a few close family members, and to a lesser degree, their teacher. To establish an accurate criterion for successful performance on dependent measures, participants were matched on age, sex, and level of mental retardation with children having "normal" amounts of fear. Dependent measures included approaching and talking to strange adults as well as child ratings of overall fear. Participant modeling was given by the mother who provided a sufficient amount of physical and verbal prompts to ensure that an acceptable greeting of adults specified by the mother were made. These prompts were gradually faded out as treatment progressed. Treatment, which was given in a multiple baseline format across subjects, proved effective and gains in the reduction of fears were maintained at the six month follow-up. PMID- 7298539 TI - An ecobehavioral examination of a simple strategy for increasing mealtime language in residential facilities. AB - Typically in large residential facilities for retarded person, meals are served in an institutional style that does not appear to encourage appropriate peer interactions. An ecological program alternative is serving meals in a family style. The present study was designed to examine both the feasibility of serving family style meals and the effects of family style meal service on mealtime language. Five retarded young adult male residents, who had some conversational skills and appropriate table manners, participated in this study. The experimental design involved a multiple baseline analysis across meals (dinner, lunch, and breakfast). Observers coded the youths' mealtime verbalizations according to the type, content, and direction of the verbalizations and they recorded the length of the meals. The analysis of the verbalization data indicated that during family style meals the participants spoke substantially more often than during institutional style meals. Increases in peer-directed conversation about the meals primarily accounted for the verbalization changes. Family style serving also resulted in the youths spending more time with their meals. In addition, social validation measures suggested that the family style procedures were preferred by the consumers (participants, staff, and concerned community members). PMID- 7298540 TI - A token system for a class of underachieving hyperactive children. AB - Using a BAB design, a token system requiring cooperative interaction was used to change the reading and vocabulary performance of an 18-member class of third grade hyperactive boys. Four different colored tokens, which could be exchanged for 15 minutes of play on electrovideo games, were earned by successful completion of two tasks that involved learning to read and to use new vocabulary words in sentences, and two tasks in which the student served as a proctor to a student who had not yet completed those tasks. The mean number of tasks completed during the intervention periods rose to over nine times the number completed during reversal. Additionally, the average completion rate for the school district's standardized weekly reading level examinations rose from four to eight fold during the token conditions. All 18 students responded to the token program by increasing their academic performance. PMID- 7298541 TI - Word game bingo: a behavioral treatment package for improving textual responding to sight words. AB - Six third-grade students identified as deficient in reading skills tested the efficacy of word game bingo for acquisition and retention of sight word reading. The design was a modified multiple baseline in which treatment was implemented over 3 of 4 word sets and terminated on earlier sets when commencing treatment on later sets. Four sets of bingo cards were constructed on 7 X 9 cm paper divided into 25 equal-sized boxes. Sight words of each set were randomly placed into 24 of these boxes (the center box was marked "free"). Bingo winners were given tokens which were traded weekly for reinforcing activities. Noticeable improvements occurred for the word sets receiving the game treatment (sets A to C). Mean percentage points of improvement from baseline to treatment were approximately 30%. Terminal levels of correct responding exceeded 90%. Several variations of the game were suggested for future research and word game bingo was advocated as an effective behavioral technique or teachers to train sight word reading. PMID- 7298542 TI - The limits and motivating potential of sensory stimuli as reinforcers for autistic children. AB - This study investigated the reinforcing properties, limits, and motivating potentials of sensory stimuli with autistic children. In the first phase of the study, four intellectually retarded autistic children were exposed to three different types of sensory stimulation (vibration, music, and strobe light) as well as edible and social reinforcers for ten-second intervals contingent upon six simple bar pressing responses. In the second phase, the same events were used as reinforcers for correct responses in learning object labels. The results indicated that: (a) sensory stimuli can be used effectively as reinforcers to maintain high, durable rates of responding in a simple pressing task; (b) ranked preferences for sensory stimuli revealed a unique configuration of responding for each child; and (c) sensory stimuli have motivating potentials comparable to those of the traditional food and social reinforcers even when training receptive language tasks. PMID- 7298543 TI - Reinforcer variation: implications for motivating developmentally disabled children. AB - Motivating developmentally disabled children to participate in educational activities can be very difficult. This is especially true for children diagnosed autistic. Because there is some evidence to suggest that stimulus variation may influence motivation, the present study investigated the effects of constant vs. varied reinforcer presentation on correct responding and on-task behavior. Results from a reversal design showed declining trends in both correct responding and on-task behavior when the same reinforcer was consistently presented, whereas, varying the reinforcers produced significantly improved and stable responding. the results are discussed in relation to the literature on stimulus variation and its effects on responsiveness. PMID- 7298544 TI - [Immunotherapy of leprosy (2nd report). Study on the therapy by means of injection of transfer factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298545 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. VI. Chief complaints and clinical features of borderline cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298546 TI - [Borderline leprosy. Study on new borderline cases in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298550 TI - Single dose of tinidazole in prophylaxis in infections following vaginal surgery. PMID- 7298549 TI - Antibiotics and travellers' diarrhoea. PMID- 7298547 TI - Sulfone resistance and leprosy control. PMID- 7298548 TI - [Leprosy in northern India. V. Chief complaints and clinical features of tuberculoid cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298551 TI - Susceptibility of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, isolated from patients in Jakarta, Indonesia to ten antimicrobial agents. PMID- 7298552 TI - The pharmacokinetics of intravenous tinidazole in man. PMID- 7298553 TI - Cephradine concentrations in serum, pleural fluid, pleura, and lung of normal rabbits. PMID- 7298554 TI - platelet adhesiveness, plasma fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in hypertension. PMID- 7298555 TI - Incidence of acute myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death in Rohtak City. PMID- 7298556 TI - Some psychological concomitants of bronchial asthma. PMID- 7298557 TI - Cervical canal stenosis: a clinico-radiological study. PMID- 7298558 TI - Stroke in young adults an (analysis of thirty five cases). PMID- 7298559 TI - Contrast media induced acute renal failure. PMID- 7298560 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans (report of five cases). PMID- 7298561 TI - Autonomic, respiratory and C.A.T. scan data in a patient with combined system degeneration. PMID- 7298562 TI - Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (case report). PMID- 7298564 TI - Disseminated aspergillosis (a case report). PMID- 7298563 TI - Gradenigo's syndrome (case report). PMID- 7298565 TI - Hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 7298566 TI - [Evaluation of Amipaque for knee arthrography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298567 TI - [Progress in peritoneography using a new, slightly hyperosmolar contrast medium (Hexabrix) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298568 TI - [Contribution of CAT to the treatment planning of Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298569 TI - [The value of the plain radiogram in predicting pulmonary capillary pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298570 TI - The use of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in double contrast radiography of the colon: a clinical trial. PMID- 7298571 TI - [Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) following double-contrast barium enema in granulomatous colitis. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298572 TI - Spontaneous intramural hematoma of the jejunum in cirrhosis. PMID- 7298574 TI - Traumatic bronchus rupture. PMID- 7298573 TI - Esophagus rupture (Boerhaeve syndrome). PMID- 7298575 TI - Nonparasitic cysts of the spleen: report of 2 cases. PMID- 7298576 TI - Ammonium and methylammonium transport by the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - Azotobacter vinelandii, grown with NH4+ as nitrogen source, was shown to possess an active transport system which can take up NH4+ against a concentration gradient of 58-fold. The properties of the NH4+ uptake system were investigated with the NH4+ analog CH3NH3+. The use of this analog was justified on the basis of the conclusion that the uptake of NH4+ and CH3NH3 involves a common binding site, as shown by the competitive inhibition of CH3NH3+ uptake by NH4+ (Ki approximately 3 microM). A Lineweaver-Burk plot for CH3NH3+ uptake revealed a biphasic curve, suggesting the existence of two CH3NH3+ (NH4+) uptake systems with apparent Km's for CH3NH3+ equal to 61 microM and 661 microM. The uptake of CH3NH3+ was inhibited by arsenate, as well as by cyanide or carbonyl cyanide-m chlorophenyl hydrazone, indicating that phosphate bond energy is required. PMID- 7298577 TI - Nickel requirement and factor F430 content of methanogenic bacteria. AB - Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum has been reported to require nickel for growth and to contain high concentrations of a nickel tetrapyrrole designated factor F430. In this communication it is shown that all methanogenic bacteria investigated incorporated nickel during growth and also synthesized factor F430. This was also true for Methanobrevibacter smithii, which is dependent on acetate as a carbon source, and for Methanosarcina barkeri growing on acetate or methanol as energy sources. Other bacteria, including Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium thermoaceticum, contained no factor F430. It is further shown that two yellow nickel-containing degradation products were formed from factor F430 when heated at pH 7. This finding explains why several forms of factor F430 were found in methanogenic bacteria when a heat step was employed in the purification procedure. PMID- 7298578 TI - Biosynthetic and bioenergetic functions of citric acid cycle reactions in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - Rhodopseudomonas capsulata can grow in a number of alternative modes, including (i) photosynthetic, defined here as anaerobic growth with light as the energy source, and (ii) heterotrophic, referring to aerobic heterotrophic growth in darkness. The functions of citric acid cycle sequences in these growth modes were investigated using wild-type and appropriate mutant strains. Results of growth tests and O(2) utilization experiments showed that in the heterotrophic mode, energy conversion is dependent on operation of the classical citric acid cycle. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGD) activity in wild-type strain B10 is substantially higher in cells grown heterotrophically than in cells grown photosynthetically. Molecular oxygen, even at low concentration, appears to be important in regulation of KGD synthesis and, thus, in expression of citric acid cycle activity. Extracts of (photosynthetically grown) mutant strain KGD11 lack demonstrable KGD activity, and in contrast to the wild type, KGD11 is unable to grow heterotrophically on succinate, malate, or pyruvate owing to failure of the energy conversion function of the citric acid cycle. KGD11, however, grows well photosynthetically on malate or on CO(2) + H(2). The KGD activity level required to support the bioenergetic function of the citric acid cycle is evidently much higher than that necessary to satisfy biosynthetic demands; thus, a very low rate of succinyl-coenzyme A formation (needed for biosynthesis) in the mutant would suffice for growth under photosynthetic conditions. In wild-type R. capsulata, the alpha-ketoglutarate required for glutamate synthesis is ordinarily generated via citric acid cycle reactions, which include the conversions catalyzed by citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Mutants blocked in the former or both of these enzymes can grow photosynthetically if provided with an exogenous source of alpha-ketoglutarate or glutamate, but grow very poorly (if at all) as heterotrophs since the energy supply under these conditions depends on operation of the complete citric acid cycle. PMID- 7298579 TI - Purification of a branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida. AB - We purified branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase to a specific activity of 10 mumol/min per mg of protein from Pseudomonas putida grown on valine. The purified enzyme was active with 2-ketoisovalerate, 2-ketoisocaproate, and 2-keto-3 methylvalerate in a ratio of 1.0:0.8:0.7 but showed no activity with either pyruvate or 2-ketoglutarate. There were four polypeptides in the purified enzyme (molecular weights, 49,000, 46,000, 39,000, and 37,000). The purified enzyme was deficient in the specific lipoamide dehydrogenase produced during growth on valine (molecular weight, 49,000). Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase required L-valine, oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, coenzyme A, thiamine pyrophosphate, and magnesium chloride. A partially purified preparation catalyzed the oxidation of 2-keto-[1-14C]isovalerate to [14C]carbon dioxide, isobutyryl-coenzyme A, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in equimolar amounts. Both the Km and the Vmax for 2-ketoisovalerate were affected by the addition of L-valine to the assay mixture. However, only the Vmax values for oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and coenzyme A were affected when L valine was present. This suggested that valine acted by affecting the binding of branched-chain keto acids to subunit E1 of the complex. PMID- 7298580 TI - Competitive advantage provided by bacterial motility in the formation of nodules by Rhizobium meliloti. AB - The effect of motility on the competitive success of Rhizobium meliloti in nodule production was investigated. A motile strain formed more nodules than expected when mixed at various unfavorable ratios with either flagellated or nonflagellated nonmotile derivatives. We conclude that motility confers a selective advantage on rhizobia when competing with nonmotile strains. PMID- 7298581 TI - Improved generalized transducing bacteriophage for Caulobacter crescentus. AB - Caulobacter phage phi Cr30T, a temperature-sensitive derivative of the lytic, generalized transducing phage phi Cr30, was isolated as a double temperature sensitive recombinant in a cross between phi Cr30ts1 and phi Cr30ts2, phi Cr30T mediated generalized transduction of Caulobacter crescentus at frequencies comparable to those of phi Cr30 and eliminated the requirement for irradiation of transducing lysates to prevent killing of transductants on the plate. PMID- 7298582 TI - How does DSM-III differ from the systems on which it was built? PMID- 7298583 TI - Diagnostic concordance between DSM-III, Feighner, and RDC. AB - The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule was administered by psychiatrists to 216 individuals. The DSM-III, Feighner, and RDC diagnoses derived from the computerized interview results were then compared for eight psychiatric disorders. Rates of diagnostic concordance among the systems are given, and the causes of diagnostic discrepancies are discussed. Diagnostic concordance was highest for mania and alcoholism and lowest for schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder. Implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed. PMID- 7298584 TI - Why women don't report sexual assault. AB - This study was designed to determine whether or not more women are reporting sexual assault, and whether or not previously noted theories about why women do not report continue to be valid. The study revealed that only 18% of the adult women's rapes and only 11% of the assaults of children were reported. For adult women, the primary reason for not reporting seemed to combine a type of guilt as well as embarrassment. The implication of this finding is that even as external social factors change, the internal psychological barriers to rape reporting may remain. PMID- 7298585 TI - Case studies in neuropsychiatry: diagnosis and treatment of coexistent dementia and depression. AB - A case of coexisting dementia and depression is described. The diagnostic problem is discussed in detail, with special emphasis on the usefulness of the sodium amytal interview in establishing the existence of depression. The patient was treated with a course of ECT, with significant lifting of her depression and improvement in behavior despite the persistence of dementia. PMID- 7298586 TI - Withdrawal and pseudowithdrawal from diazepam therapy. AB - We present two cases from a double-blind placebo-controlled study of diazepam in treatment of anxiety that illustrate the importance of attitudes of patients and physicians towards use of diazepam. Patient 1 exhibited symptoms of nausea, depression and increased anxiety, which both he and the research psychiatrist interpreted as a withdrawal reaction. Examination of the treatment code, however, revealed that the patient had been kept on the same dose of diazepam throughout this period and that he had maintained therapeutic plasma diazepam levels. This case illustrated a "pseudowithdrawal reaction" in a patient being maintained on active drug treatment. Patient 2 benefited remarkably from maintenance diazepam therapy and had manifested considerable anxiety during double-blind placebo substitution but his private physician expressed great reluctance to continue this treatment regimen because he had been influenced by unfavorable publicity. Further information on maintenance diazepam therapy and problems with withdrawal must be obtained under carefully controlled conditions. PMID- 7298588 TI - Alcohol disorders and DSM-III. PMID- 7298587 TI - Suicide by psychiatrists. PMID- 7298589 TI - Capgras syndrome. PMID- 7298590 TI - Isolation and characterization of small nuclear RNAs from Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Low molecular weight RNAs were isolated from nuclei of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum AX-3. Analysis of the RNAs by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the vegetative cell nuclei contained, besides tRNA (Dd1), 5S RNA (Dd4), and 5.8S RNA (Dd7), at least 7 small RNA species (Dd3, Dd5, Dd6, Dd8, Dd9, Dd10, Dd11) of 4S to 8S as major components and that the 7 small RNAs were localized mainly in the nucleus and had no poyl(A) sequence. These nuclear RNA species were metabolically stable, as shown by a chase experiment. Dd6, Dd8, and Dd9 had similar gel electrophoretic mobilities to those of the small nuclear RNA species U1, U2, and U3, respectively, of rat liver. Analysis of the 5'-terminus of these RNA molecules with tobacco acid phosphodiesterase suggested that Dd6, Dd8, and Dd9 each contain a cap. Sequence analysis of the 3' end labeled Dd9 RNA showed that the 3'-terminal region sequenced had sequence homology with that of rat Novikoff hepatoma U3 RNA. These results indicate that Dictyostelium nuclei contain a set of small nuclear RNA species which is structurally similar to that in mammalian cells. No qualitative differences were detected between the small nuclear RNA species of vegetative and early differentiating cells. PMID- 7298591 TI - Interaction between alkali light chains of myosin and divalent metal ions. AB - 1. Difference UV absorption spectra of chicken breast g1 induced by magnesium and calcium ions were compared with those of rabbit skeletal alkali light chains. The value of delta epsilon due to the burial of Tyr 180 of domain 4 was about one fourth of that of rabbit alkali light chains. Regions other than domain 4 appear to affect the environment of Tyr 180, since the first-order structure of domain 4 of chicken g1 is present in rabbit g1 without significant alteration (Matsuda, G. et al. (1981) FEBS Lett. 126, 111). Movement of a phenylalanyl residue was suggested to be larger in chicken g1 than rabbit g1. 2. CD spectra of alkali light chains were measured in the wavelength region down from 260 nm. Divalent metal ions increased the helix content of alkali light chains about 2%. CB1 peptide of rabbit skeletal g1 containing domain 1 showed a slight change of CD spectrum in the presence of divalent ions. These results suggest that domain 1 of alkali light chains binds divalent ions. 3. Binding of calcium ions to rabbit skeletal g1 was directly measured by means of a calcium ion selectrode. More than 3 mol of calcium was bound per mol of g1. The concentration of free calcium ions required to give a half-maximal binding was 5 mM assuming that the maximum binding number is 4 mol of calcium per mol of g1. 4. Nitration of tyrosyl residues in rabbit skeletal g1 may slightly affect the affinity for divalent metal ions and the backbone structure of the polypeptide chain of g1. PMID- 7298592 TI - Non-histone chromatin protein in regenerating-rat liver. PMID- 7298593 TI - Biosynthesis of nanaomycin. II. Purification and properties of nanaomycin D reductase involved in the formation of nanaomycin A from nanaomycin D1. AB - Nanaomycin D reductase, catalyzing the conversion of nanaomycin D to nanaomycin A, which is the first step in the biosynthetic sequence (D leads to A leads to E leads to B) in Streptomyces rosa var. notoensis, was purified from the crude extract of the strain by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and hydroxyapatite to give an electrophoretically homogeneous preparation. The enzyme was found to be a flavoprotein which contains FAD as a prosthetic group and has a molecular weight of 68,000 daltons. It catalyzed the reductive transformation of nanaomycin D to nanaomycin A in the presence of NADH under anaerobic conditions. The Km values were 250 microM for nanaomycin D and 62 microM for NADH. The enzyme was inhibited by 1 mM Cu2+ ion and by NADH at concentrations over 50 microM. The optimal pH was 5.0 and the optimal temperature was 37 degrees C. Several benzoisochromane quinone antibiotics other than nanaomycin D, kalafungin (enantiomer of nanaomycin D), griseucin A and frenolicin B were converted to the corresponding reduced products by the enzyme. However, granaticin and 4 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxynanaomycin D were not converted. PMID- 7298594 TI - Cleavage of Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase A2 with cyanogen bromide: sequence of the short peptide fragment and formation of a noncovalently bonded complex from the fragments. AB - Phospholipase A2 from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Habu snake) on treatment with cyanogen bromide is split into less than Glu-Gly-Leu-Trp-Gln-Phe Asn-Hse greater than, which is derived from the N-terminal moiety and is designated as S-peptide, and the remaining large peptide, which is designated as L-peptide. It should be stressed that the N-terminal residue is pyroglutamyl, unlike other phospholipases A2. The L-peptide alone was about 6% as active as the parent molecule. It occurs in dimeric form, like the parent molecule. When L peptide was mixed with increasing amounts of S-peptide, the activity increased in a hyperbolic manner, indicating the formation of an ordered complex between L peptide and S-peptide. The dissociation constant of the complex was 2.1 x 10(-7) M and its specific activity was 2.8 times that of L-peptide. PMID- 7298597 TI - Isolation and properties of basic isoenzymes of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Six basic isoenzymes, E1 to E6, of horseradish peroxidase were isolated and purified by CM-Sephadex column chromatography, and were then crystallized. The crystalline basic isoenzymes had a lower molecular weights than the neutral isoenzyme C, but the molecular weights of their protein moieties were similar to that of the latter. The lower molecular weights of the basic isoenzymes were thus essentially due to smaller contents of carbohydrate. Of the six isoenzymes, four isoenzymes, E3 to E6, had extremely high pI values of over 12 and appreciably low contents of carbohydrate, 0.8 to 4.2%, whereas the isoenzymes E1 and E2 contained relatively large amounts of carbohydrates, 12.8 and 14.1%, respectively, and had lower pI values, 10.6. The amino acid compositions of the basic isoenzymes were different from one another, and the differences suggested that the isoenzymes were allelic. The relatedness of the amino acid compositions of these isoenzymes is discussed and the compositions are compared with those of other peroxidases. Finally, one of the six isoenzymes, E4, was obtained as large single crystals suitable for X-ray structural analysis, and the preliminary crystallographic data are presented. PMID- 7298598 TI - Amino acid incorporation rates into myofibrillar proteins of dystrophic chicken skeletal muscle. PMID- 7298596 TI - Characterization of an amine-reactive, heat-labile acyl residue in the fourth component of human complement, C4. PMID- 7298595 TI - Susceptibilities of various myofibrillar proteins to cathepsin B and morphological alteration of isolated myofibrils by this enzyme. AB - The abilities of cathepsin B purified from liver to degrade purified myofibrillar proteins, myosin, actin, troponin, tropomyosin, and alpha-actinin from rabbit skeletal muscle were studied. The amino acids or peptides liberated from these proteins by cathepsin B were determined quantitatively by fluorometry with o phthalaldehyde, and qualitatively by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At a molar ratio of cathepsin B to substrate of 1 : 100, the order of susceptibilities was myosin much greater than troponin greater than tropomyosin much greater than actin. alpha-Actinin was not degraded. Myosin heavy chain was degraded to several fragments with molecular weights of 175,000, 170,000, 160,000, and 145,000, whereas the light chains were scarcely degraded. Cathepsin B degraded troponin-T rapidly, and troponin-I more slowly, but did not degrade troponin-C. Troponin-T and troponin-I were degraded to three fragments with molecular weights of 30,000, 18,000, and 12,800. Tropomyosin was degraded slightly and its product had a molecular weight of 32,000. Actin was also degraded only slowly, and no liberated product could be detected. Morphological changes in myofibrils prepared from glycerinated psoas muscle of rabbit during incubation with cathepsin B were observed. Three notable phenomena were observed: 1) disappearance of the Z-band in the early stage of incubation, 2) disappearance of the M-line following loss of the Z-band, and 3) decrease in the density of the A-band after swelling of the myofibrils. PMID- 7298601 TI - Heterogeneity of 27,000 dalton-light chain of cardiac ventricular myosin. AB - Electrophoretic analysis on sodium pyrophosphate gels of myosin light chain 1 (LC 1; 27,000 daltons) from rabbit ventricular heart muscle revealed the presence of two distinct components named LC-1a (10%) and LC-1b (90%). After thyroxine administration, a shift toward LC-1a (45%) was observed. Canine cardiac ventricular light chain 1 (27,000 daltons) had equal amounts of LC-1a' (50%) and LC-1b' (50%), which corresponded to LC-1a and LC-1b of rabbit heart, respectively. However, heterogeneity of light chain 2 (20,000 daltons) was not observed. It is concluded that cardiac ventricular myosin has two heterogeneous 27,000 dalton-light chains and that the proportion of these proteins varies according to the thyroid status and animal species. PMID- 7298599 TI - Lysozyme-catalyzed reaction of chitooligosaccharides. AB - The time-courses of substrate consumption and product formation in the lysozyme catalyzed reaction were determined with (GlcNAc)4 and (GlcNAc)5 as substrate to accumulate data suitable for the estimation of rate constants by numerical analysis. The lysozyme-catalyzed reactions were followed by TLC or HPLC. (GlcNAc)4 decomposed apparently to small oligosaccharides within 5 h, and (GlcNAc)5 decomposed within 15 min at pH 5.0 and 50 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the rate of disappearance of the initial substrate showed a different profile from that observed with glycol chitin as substrate by the reducing power method. The order (or distribution) of the amount of product formed from (GlcNAc)5 in the reaction time-course determined by TLC differed from that determined by HPLC. The relative error in HPLC was much less than that in TLC, and the time-course determined by HPLC was thought to be of sufficient accuracy for the estimation of rate constants by computer analysis. PMID- 7298602 TI - Appearance of fucolipid after conventionalization of germ-free mice. AB - Incorporation of [6-3H]fucose and [1-14C]glucosamine into the lipid fraction of microvillus membrane (MVM) was studied in germ-free and conventionalized mice after intraperitoneal injection of the radioactive precursors. Incorporation of [6-3H]fucose was clearly detected in conventionalized mice but not detectable in germ-free mice. There was no difference in the incorporation of [1 14C]glucosamine between the two groups. The lipid fraction of MVM labeled with [6 3H]fucose showed a spot of slower mobility than asialo GM1 on TLC with autoradiography and it was confirmed to be a fucolipid on abolishing the radiolabeled original spot by alpha-L-fucosidase treatment. These results suggest that the synthesis of the fucolipid is induced by conventionalization of germ free mice. PMID- 7298600 TI - Isolation of a 5S RNA-protein L5 complex from 60S subunits of rat liver ribosomes by cesium sulfate density-gradient equilibrium centrifugation. AB - Upon CS2SO4 density-gradient equilibrium centrifugation, 60S subunits of rat liver ribosomes were dissociated to form three bands at the densities of 1.55, 1.40, and 1.30 g/ml. The bands at 1.55 and 1.30 g/ml were shown to contain exclusively RNA or proteins, respectively, whereas the band at 1.40 g/ml contained both RNA and a protein. The RNA in the 1.40 g/ml band was identified as 5S RNA and the protein in this band was protein L5. An empirical calculation suggested that the 1.40 g/ml band contained an equimolar 5S RNA-protein L5 ribonucleoprotein complex. This finding may indicate that protein L5 is located in very close proximity to 5S RNA in large ribosomal subunits. PMID- 7298603 TI - Muscle beta-actinin is not chicken serum albumin. AB - Recently, Heizmann et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 78, 74-77 (1981)) reported that muscle beta-actinin and serum albumin of the chicken are indistinguishable by physicochemical and immunological criteria. It should, however, be stated that the protein the above authors called beta-actinin was entirely different from genuine muscle beta-actinin (Maruyama et. al. (1977) J. Biochem 81, 215-232). In the present study, it was experimentally shown that chicken serum albumin does not have any of the actions of beta-actinin: inhibition of reassociation of F actin fragments, retardation of depolymerization of F-actin, instability of F actin, acceleration of polymerization of G-actin, and formation of Mg polymer. The role of muscle beta-actinin, a heterodimer of 37,000 and 34,000 daltons, in the regulation of myofibrillar structure is summarized. PMID- 7298605 TI - S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes in the liver of tumor-bearing mice. AB - Isozyme patterns of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase have been determined with and without dimethylsulfoxide in liver of tumor-bearing mice. The activity of the beta-form markedly increased following intraperitoneal transplantation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, whereas the activity of the alpha-form did not change so strikingly. Tumor cells were shown to have only the gamma-form of the enzyme. When the ascites fluid, after removing tumor cells, was injected into a normal mouse, the activity of the beta-form increased over that of control animals. PMID- 7298604 TI - Simple and rapid purification of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase from rabbit brain by affinity chromatography. AB - A simple and rapid method for isolating tryptophan 5-monooxygenase [L-tryptophan, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.4] was reported. The method involves adsorption on calcium phosphate gel and affinity chromatography on agarose coupled with dimethyltetrahydropteridine. Tryptophan 5 monooxygenase was purified 1,100-fold from a rabbit brain extract to a specific activity of 15.9 nmol/min.mg, which is far higher than that of the highly purified preparation reported by Tong and Kaufman ((1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 4152-4158). It was also demonstrated that this method was applicable to the purification of rat brain tryptophan 5-monooxygenase. PMID- 7298606 TI - Phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and pH of the medium control interaction between MAPs and actin filaments. AB - Interaction of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) with actin filaments at neutral pH is inhibited by phosphorylation of MAPs. Phosphorylated MAPs are less potent than unphosphorylated ones in increasing the low-shear viscosity of actin filaments in the neutral pH range. The ability of unphosphorylated MAPs to crosslink actin filaments falls off sharply above pH 7.5. Upon phosphorylation, the crosslinking ability of the MAPs peaks sharply between pH 6.2 and 6.3. Thus, the MAPs-actin interaction can be regulated by phosphorylation of MAPs and small changes in the physiological range of pH. PMID- 7298607 TI - Structural heterogeneity and subcellular distribution of nicotinic synapse associated proteins. AB - Peripheral membrane proteins (Mr = 43,000) are associated with Torpedo membranes highly enriched in nicotinic receptor. These 43,000-dalton proteins are not required for ion translocation or other known receptor functions, but they have been implicated in constraint of the nicotinic receptor within the plane of the membrane bilayer. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis allows partial resolution of the 43,000-dalton band into a doublet. We have carried out further analysis using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, which reveals the existence of at least seven Coomassie blue-staining spots in the isoelectric focusing dimension. Peptide maps of the individual spots serve to elucidate the observed electrophoretic complexity. Three different membrane-bound proteins, designated v1, v2, and v3, were identified on the basis of their characteristic peptide maps which show no apparent homology in amino acid sequence. Two of these proteins, v1 and v2, are resolved into multiple spots in the isoelectric focusing dimension, but each group of isoelectric focusing variants has nearly identical peptide fingerprints. Of relevance to the putative role of these proteins in synaptic or receptor supramolecular structures is the observation that only v1 is exclusively membrane bound, and co-purifies with receptor whereas both v2 and v3 are also prominent proteins of the cytoplasm and are depleted from membrane fractions most enriched in receptor. These proteins may interact in the formation or maintenance of synaptic and nicotinic receptor supramolecular structures. PMID- 7298608 TI - Biosynthesis and secretion of chorionic gonadotropin subunits by organ cultures of first trimester human placenta. AB - The biosynthesis and secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been studied by pulse-chase labeling techniques in organ cultures of normal first trimester placentae. As we previously reported for human malignant trophoblastic cells (Ruddon et al. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5189-5196), first trimester placental tissue produces Mr = 18,000 and 15,000 intracellular forms of alpha subunit and Mr = 24,000 and 18,000 forms of beta subunit. In the placental tissue, there is a greater accumulation of mature subunit forms prior to secretion. The predominant intracellular form of alpha subunit in placental tissue is a high mannose, (Man)8(GlcNAc)2 oligosaccharide-containing form just as it is for malignant trophoblastic cells; however, in placenta there is evidence for a greater content of partially processed intermediates with oligosaccharides smaller than (Man)8(GlcNAc)2. Placental tissue secretes both a large free alpha subunit and an hCG-alpha subunit that is part of complete hCG, but there is a 3- to 6-fold greater secretion (on a molar basis) of free alpha than complete hCG. There is no evidence for the synthesis of high molecular weight prohormone forms that might be precursors to the secreted forms of hCG subunits. PMID- 7298609 TI - Amino acid sequence of an analogous peptide from two forms of cytochrome P-450. AB - Two cytochrome P-450 preparations, a constitutive isozyme, form 3b, and a phenobarbital-induced isozyme, form 2, were isolated from rabbit liver microsomes and compared by peptide mapping following digestion with trypsin and by partial sequence analysis. The NH2-terminal sequence of form 3b differed from form 2 in 15 out of 18 amino acids, but both forms have an NH2-terminal methionine residue followed by an acidic residue. Comparisons of many of the tryptic peptides of the two forms by means of high pressure liquid chromatography, as well as amino acid composition and sequence analysis, indicated that peptides from these forms, with one exception, are different. A tridecapeptide, differing only in a methionine (form 3b)/isoleucine (form 2) replacement was isolated from both forms. The amino acid sequence of this peptide is as follows: Met-Pro-Tyr-Thr-Asp-Ala-Val-Ile/Met His-Glu-Ile-Gln-Arg. Taken together, these data indicate that forms 2 and 3 represent dissimilar gene products. The observation that these two cytochromes share an analogous peptide suggests that this tridecapeptide may contribute structural information necessary for common functional properties. PMID- 7298610 TI - The use of porphyrins as probes to examine the requirement for hemin in the maintenance of protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates. AB - Hemin was compared with other porphyrins for the ability to sustain protein synthesis in reticulocyte lysates and to inhibit the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha). Iron-containing porphyrins (hemin, mesohemin IX, deuterohemin IX) were found to maintain protein synthesis while iron-deficient porphyrins (protoporphyrin IX, mesoporphyrin IX) were ineffective. All of the porphyrins and metalloporphyrins tested were observed to inhibit phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha by highly purified hemin-controlled repressor, although at different concentrations. Phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha was examined in reticulocyte lysates. In the absence of porphyrin, phosphorylation of eIF-2 was rapid and linear for the first 7 min, during which time protein synthesis was inhibited. Both hemin and protoporphyrin IX inhibited phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha in the lysate during this period; however, hemin sustained protein synthesis whereas protoporphyrin IX did not. Thus, the requirement for iron containing porphyrins in the maintenance of protein synthesis is not due strictly to an inhibition of the protein kinase activity of the hemin-controlled repressor but involves an alternative, although yet undeciphered, mode of action. PMID- 7298611 TI - Formation, crystallization, and preliminary crystallographic data of the ternary complex of alpha-chymotrypsin, beta-trypsin, and the Bowman-Birk inhibitor. AB - The ternary complex of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor with alpha-chymotrypsin and beta trypsin has been crystallized and preliminary crystallographic information describing the crystals has been obtained. The crystals are triclinic with unit cell dimensions: a = 51.96 A, b = 56.34 A, c = 46.70 A, alpha = 98.83 degrees, beta = 97.29 degrees, and gamma = 97.15 degrees. There is 1 ternary complex/unit cell and the diffraction pattern extends to 2.2 A resolution. The search for heavy atom derivatives based on known derivatives of chymotrypsin and trypsin is underway. PMID- 7298612 TI - Light-induced changes in H+ binding to the purple membrane. Effect of pH, light, temperature, and ionic strength. AB - Under continuous illumination, isolated planar sheets of purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium acidify the surroundings at alkaline pH. This light induced change in H+ binding to the purple membrane (delta h) was studied by differential titration under varying conditions of pH, temperature, ionic strength, salt composition, light intensity, and wavelength. A maximum acidification was found between pH 9 and 10, with delta h less at neutral or more alkaline pH, consistent with a previously proposed three-state model. The light intensity and wavelength dependence also support this model. The temperature dependence of delta h, interpreted in terms of the three-state model, is anomalous. The apparent enthalpy of proton dissociation (delta H0) is -6 kcal/mol, a value of opposite sign to the expected delta H0 for a group of pK = 10. The apparent activation energy (Ea) for proton uptake is 14 kcal/mol in 15 mM NaCl and 18 kcal/mol in 3 M KCl, 5 to 10 times too large for a diffusion-limited proton transfer reaction from water. However, both delta H0 and Ea are consistent with conformational changes linked to light-independent proton dissociation and pump-dependent proton uptake. An increase in ionic strength increases delta h. This effect is shown to be quantitatively explained by a high negative electrostatic surface potential, which accumulates protons in a diffuse electrical double layer. PMID- 7298613 TI - Calf uterine estradiol receptor. Effects of molybdate on salt-induced transformation process and characterization of a nontransformed receptor state. PMID- 7298614 TI - Temperature-modulated binding of ADP and adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate to myosin subfragment 1 studied by calorimetric titration. PMID- 7298615 TI - Structural changes induced by calcium and magnesium in a high affinity calcium binding protein from crayfish sarcoplasm. PMID- 7298616 TI - Amino acid sequence of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from horse liver. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from horse liver is reported. The molecule consists of 153 amino acids and has a Mr = 16,000. The primary structure was determined by automated and manual sequence analysis on fragments produced by cleavage of the S-carboxymethylated protein with cyanogen bromide and on peptides obtained by digestion with trypsin, thermolysin, Staphylococcus aureus protease, or subtilisin. The protein is devoid of tryptophan and tyrosine and displays an acetylated NH2 terminus. Comparison of its primary structure with the known sequences of copper-zinc superoxide dismutases from bovine and human erythrocytes and from yeast reveals a high degree of sequence homology among the four enzymes. This is especially borne out in the regions containing the amino acid residues involved in the metal binding and the half-cystine residues forming the intramolecular disulfide bridge. The striking conservation of the preponderant glycine residues known to be important for the pronounced protein folding in bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase suggests similar three-dimensional structures for human erythrocyte, horse liver, and yeast copper-zinc superoxide dismutases. PMID- 7298617 TI - Enhancement of protein glycosylation in tissue slices by dolichylphosphate. AB - Glycosylation of N-linked glycoproteins has been stimulated in hen oviduct and bovine pancreas tissue slices by supplementing the tissue culture media with concentrations of dolichylphosphate from 1-100 micrograms/ml. In oviduct, overall incorporation of radioactive sugars into alkali-stable, hot trichloroacetic acid precipitable material (N-linked glycoproteins) is stimulated approximately 2-fold in dolichylphosphate-supplemented tissues although no stimulation in protein synthesis is observed. Rather, the elevation in glycosylation seems to be a general one involving many protein acceptors. In vitro analysis of microsomal preparations derived from control or dolichylphosphate-supplemented oviduct tissue slices demonstrated a similar enhancement in glycosylation activities that appears to be attributable to an enhanced level of endogenous dolichylphosphate in the microsomes from supplemented tissues. Additionally, when bovine pancreas tissue slices are preincubated with dolichylphosphate and then doubly labeled with [3H]mannose and 14C-labeled amino acids, a 4-fold increase in the ratio of [3H-mannose to 14C-amino acids in secreted ribonuclease is observed relative to the nonsupplemented control. Furthermore, while only 12% of the ribonuclease secreted from control tissue slices specifically binds to concanavalin A Sepharose, more than 90% of that secreted by dolichylphosphate-supplemented tissue slices binds to the lectin. These data support the notion that dolichylphosphate availability is a limiting factor in the in vivo glycosylation of proteins in these systems. PMID- 7298618 TI - Substituted 4-aminobutanoic acids. Substrates for gamma-aminobutyric acid alpha ketoglutaric acid aminotransferase. AB - Substituted 4-aminobutanoic acids were studied as potential irreversible inactivators of purified pig brain gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid. It was found that unlike the related 4-amino-5-halopentanoic acids (Silverman, R. B., and Levy, M. A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 1197), the 4 amino-3-halobutanoic acids were substrates for this enzyme, undergoing exclusive elimination to succinic semialdehyde and producing no inactivation. The hydroxy analogue, however, underwent exclusive transamination and no succinic semialdehyde was detected. These results are discussed in terms of the nature of the substituents, the structure of the active site of gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase, and the design of mechanism-based inactivators. PMID- 7298619 TI - The three-dimensional structure of the lysozyme produced by Streptomyces erythraeus. AB - Streptomyces erythraeus lysozyme is different in its amino acid composition, primary structure, and specificity from all other mammalian lysozymes. The structure of the crystalline enzyme has been determined by x-ray diffraction analysis to a resolution of 2.9 A using multiple isomorphous replacement. The primary structure of the enzyme is only partially known and therefore the electron density map has been fitted with all the atoms of the main polypeptide chain and some atoms of the side chain. The enzyme consists of three different domains, and about 18% of the structure has helical conformation. A comparison of the tertiary structure of the bacterial lysozyme with either the mammalian or phage lysozyme does not show any obvious similarities. PMID- 7298620 TI - Proximal strain and visible absorption changes in the model complexes of imidazole methemoglobin. AB - The visible absorption changes upon addition of 1-methylimidazole to ferric protohemin(2-methylimidazole)2 were examined in dimethylsulfoxide at 21 degrees C. The formation of the mixed ligand complex, protohemin(1-methylimidazole)(2 methylimidazole), was confirmed with the equilibrium constant of 5.50 +/- 0.41. The absorption changes accompanied with a rise of the high spin bands and a fall of the low spin bands were interpreted to reflect the structural change of the iron-imidazole bond in going from the strained to unstrained states. The calculated difference spectrum between the mixed ligand complex and protohemin(2 methylimidazole)2 exhibited peaks at 420, 500, 540, 560, and 620 nm. These peak positions were in good agreement with those reported for imidazole methemoglobin upon addition of inositol of hexaphosphate (IHP). The proton NMR observation for 1-methylimidazole-ligated methemoglobin showed that IHP induces a structural change in the globin of the ligand bound methemoglobin. This proton NMR observation and the visible difference spectral similarity between imidazole methemoglobin and its model complex suggest that IHP imposes a proximal strain of 300 +/- 50 cal/mol in imidazole methemoglobin. Consideration on the strain energy and the sixth ligand affinity in the model system suggests that the changes in the noncovalent interactions between the globin and the porphyrin or ligand are important to regulate the imidazole affinity of imidazole methemoglobin bound with IHP. PMID- 7298621 TI - Properties of a methotrexate-insensitive variant of dihydrofolate reductase derived from methotrexate-resistant L5178Y cells. AB - We have established the presence of two distinct forms of dihydrofolate reductase in methotrexate-resistant L5178Y lymphoma cells. It was previously found that one of the reductases (Form II) was approximately 100,000-fold more resistant to methotrexate inhibition than Form I. In this report, the two forms of dihydrofolate reductase have been partially purified and their properties have been compared. The two forms were found to differ markedly in their heat stability, isoelectric points, and sensitivity to p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate. There were, in addition, minor differences in their Km and Vmax for folic acid, their pH optima, and their molecular weights. The loss of sensitivity to methotrexate inhibition by the Form II reductase is associated with significant alteration in the physical and chemical properties of the enzyme. PMID- 7298622 TI - Proton gradients in renal cortex brush-border membrane vesicles. Demonstration of a rheogenic proton flux with acridine orange. AB - The fluorescence quenching of acridine orange has been used to study the formation and dissipation of acid interior pH gradients in brush-border membrane vesicles from rabbit renal cortex. Acidic interior pH gradients were produced by 1) outwardly directed gradients of Na+ or K+, and 2) the addition of vesicles equilibrated at pH 6.0 to 7.5 buffer. The rate of pH gradient dissipation was stimulated 6.3-fold by the replacement of tetramethylammonium gluconate by tetramethylammonium chloride. A further increase, of 2-fold, was seen upon the addition of carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazine, demonstrating the existence of a Cl- conductance pathway. In the presence of valinomycin, the replacement of tetramethylammonium gluconate by K gluconate increased the rate of delta pH dissipation by 11-fold, demonstrating the existence of a conductive pathway for protons. This pathway for protons was also shown by the formation of an acidic interior space by an outwardly directed K gradient in the presence of valinomycin. The parallel conductive pathways for H+ and Cl- may dissipate pH and chloride gradients across the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule. PMID- 7298623 TI - Mechanistic studies on fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. AB - It has previously been shown that the "partial" reaction between fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and acyl-CoA substrate is pH-dependent (larger rate constants at basic pH) and shows a biphasic rate profile indicative of formation of an initial charge transfer complex between the C-2 anion of substrate and enzyme. The present investigation indicates that the complete reaction between acyl-CoA and electron transfer flavoprotein shows a pH profile dependent upon ionization of a single basic group with pKa = 7.7. these facts are consistent with electron transfer which occurs through an obligatory charge transfer complex between the C 2 anion of substrate and oxidized FAD at the enzyme active site. The anion of acetoacetyl-CoA forms a charge transfer complex with enzyme which serves as a model for the putative catalytically active complex mentioned above. Resonance Raman investigation of this acetoacetyl-CoA-enzyme complex indicates that the 1586 cm-1 band is coupled strongly to the charge transfer electronic transition. Since this vibrational band is associated with vC=N at N-5, C-4a of the flavin ring, we suggest that electron transfer takes place at this site. PMID- 7298624 TI - Formation and disposition of newly synthesized heme in adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Studies with the intact liver have suggested that newly synthesized heme exists transiently in a small pool before its incorporation into tissue heme proteins. The same or a closely related pool may regulate synthesis of heme and serve as the precursor of "early peak" bilirubin. To delineate this postulated pool by a direct approach, we have utilized primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Cultures pulse-labeled with delta-amino[3H]levulinic acid at various time points were fractionated into 105,000 X g supernatant and pellet. Labeled heme appeared within 1 to 2 min in the cytosol fraction, followed by transfer to the pellet. The kinetics of heme formation and transfer and of labeled bilirubin production were analyzed by computer simulation utilizing the least squares method. The experimental findings conformed best to a four-compartment model that includes a second cytosolic heme compartment exchanging with the initially labeled compartment but not serving as a direct precursor of bilirubin. Calculation of apparent rate coefficients indicated that, in cultured hepatocytes, 20% of newly formed heme is converted directly to bile pigment, whereas 80% is utilized for formation of cellular heme proteins (64% in the pellet, 16% in the second cytosol compartment). This experimental approach has provided direct evidence for a rapidly formed cytosolic heme fraction which appears to be identical with the previously postulated regulatory or "unassigned" heme pool of the liver. PMID- 7298626 TI - Studies on the mechanism of denaturation of cytochrome P-450 by cyclophosphamide and its metabolites. AB - Several lines of investigation were pursued to understand mechanisms involved in the in vivo depression of rat hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase by cyclophosphamide, an important anti-cancer and immunosuppressive agent. Essentially exclusive metabolism-dependent binding to microsomal proteins of 14C from [4-14C]cyclophosphamide, compared with 3H from [chloroethyl 3H]cyclophosphamide, suggests the binding of the metabolite acrolein. Of the various metabolites and analogs of cyclophosphamide tested (which did not contain a peroxy or a hydroperoxy group), only acrolein and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (which releases acrolein in solution) caused denaturation of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in vitro; this denaturation was identical with that produced by sulfhydryl reagents. Of the various chemicals tested, only those which contained either a free amino group (except lysine) and/or a free sulfhydryl group (e.g. semicarbazide, cysteine, glycine, glucosamine) effectively blocked (40-80%) the binding of 14C as well as protected against acrolein-induced denaturation of cytochrome P-450. These data further suggested interaction of cyclophosphamide metabolite with free amino and/or free sulfhydryl groups in proteins. However, comparison with [3H]aflatoxin B2a which interacts with free protein amino groups via the formation of Schiff bases, clearly attributed the preferential binding of 14C to cysteine sulfhydryl groups in these proteins. Studies on chemical models derived from reaction between acrolein and cysteine also supported this suggestion. When microsomes isolated from incubations metabolizing [4 14C]cyclophosphamide were subjected to gel electrophoresis, the major radioactive band detected by autoradiography was associated with a cytochrome P-450 band at 55,000 daltons, the major band induced by phenobarbital in the rat. All these results taken together strongly point to the possibility that acrolein is the cyclophosphamide metabolite responsible for the depression of the mixed function oxidase activities. Acrolein most likely produces this effect by alkylation of the sulfhydryl group(s) in the active site of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7298625 TI - Fluorescence quenching and induced dissociation of the tubulin-colchicine complex by iodide. PMID- 7298627 TI - NADPH and substrates protect ATP-citrate lyase from thermal and proteolytic inactivation. PMID- 7298628 TI - The role of mRNA competition in regulating translation. I. Demonstration of competition in vivo. AB - SC-1 cells infected with reovirus continue to synthesize host proteins at a nearly normal rate for at least 12 h postinfection. The relative translational efficiencies of reovirus and host mRNAs were determined at various times during this interval. Analysis was performed by determining the sensitivity of individual mRNA translation rates to inhibition by low doses of cycloheximide, by measuring polysome sizes, and by quantitatively comparing mRNA concentration with protein synthesis rates. Treatment of infected cells with low doses of cycloheximide actually stimulates the synthesis of some of the major reovirus protein, whereas host protein synthesis is inhibited. An analysis of the polysomes encoding two reovirus proteins (microNS and sigma 3; synthesis of both is stimulated by cycloheximide) shows that these proteins are synthesized on polysomes smaller than those producing host proteins of comparable size. Reovirus mRNAs accumulate to unusually high levels during the first 8 h of infection, accounting for 30% to 45% by weight of the total mRNA in the cell. We interpret these results as indicating that viral and host mRNAs must compete for a message discriminatory component prior to their binding to the 40 S ribosomal complex and that this component is limiting in reovirus-infected cells. Moreover, a hierarchy must exist among mRNAs in terms of their affinity for this component, host mRNAs in general having greater affinities than reovirus mRNAs. PMID- 7298629 TI - The role of mRNA competition in regulating translation. II. Development of a quantitative in vitro assay. AB - Competition among excess mRNAs for a limiting, message-discriminatory initiation component (or set of components) has been studied in vitro. Procedures have been devised which provide maximum sensitivity with minimum potential for artifact. These procedures produce data that can be analyzed quantitatively to obtain numerical constants characteristic of a given mRNA's intrinsic initiation efficiency or, more precisely, competitive efficiency. A major advantage of this approach is that this information can be determined for individual mRNAs within a mixture of RNAs without the necessity of determining individual mRNA concentrations. The effects of potassium chloride concentration and magnesium acetate concentration on mRNA competitive efficiencies have been studied using these procedures. PMID- 7298630 TI - The role of mRNA competition in regulating translation. IV. Kinetic model. AB - A kinetic model of protein synthesis is presented, primarily designed to analyze the accompanying data (Brendler, T., Godefroy-Colburn, T., Carlill, R. D., and Thach, R. E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11747-11754; Walden, W. E., Godefroy Colburn, T., and Thach, R. E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11739-11746). Our model treats initiation as a multistep process in which mRNA must bind to a "discriminatory factor" prior to its recognition by the native 40 S subunit. Interaction with the latter is followed by an irreversible rearrangement which yields the functional 40 S initiation complex capable of binding the 60 S ribosome with release of all the factors. Elongation is simply treated as a series of irreversible steps with a single rate constant. The model takes into account the recycling of ribosomal subunits, initiation factors, discriminatory factor, and message initiation site. We can thus mimic the simultaneous translation of several messages, each with its own concentration, size, binding constants, and rate constants. The only limit to the number of messages is the capacity of the computer (3 kilobytes of accessible memory is sufficient for 5 messages). Thus, we are able to evaluate quantitatively the effect of each parameter on the rate of synthesis of individual polypeptides, on polysome size, and on the repartition of message species between the untranslated and the polysomal pools. Several applications are considered: (i) competitive translation of alpha- and beta-globin in vitro (Kabat, D., and Chappel, M. R. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 2684-2690); (ii) determination of the relative affinities of reoviral messages for the discriminatory factor in vitro (Brendler, T., Godefroy-Colburn, T., Carlill, R. D., and Thach, R. E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11747-11754); (iii) effect of elongation inhibitors on the translation of reoviral and cellular messages in SC-1 fibroblasts (Walden, W. E., Godefroy-Colburn, T., and Thach, R. E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11739-11746); and (iv) effect of the growth state on the initiation efficiency of Vero cell messages (Lee, G. T.-Y., and Engelhardt, D. L. (1979) J. Mol. biol. 129, 221-233). In each case we find that the experimental data are consistent with the notion that mRNAs compete for a discriminatory factor independent of the ribosome. This factor has a high enough affinity for mRNAs to ensure nearly quantitative binding. When present in a limiting amount (with respect to the message pool but not necessarily with respect to the rest of the translation apparatus), the discriminatory factor selects against those messages for which its affinity is lowest, thereby modulating their initiation efficiency. When the factor is present in excess, on the other hand, all the messages are translated at maximum efficiency. This form of translational control could be remarkably efficient as an on-off switch for the synthesis of a few key proteins. PMID- 7298631 TI - Radioimmune precipitation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Effect of 25-hydroxycholesterol. AB - Antibody prepared against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase of rat liver can be shown to inhibit this enzyme in extracts prepared from cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. The molecular weight (53,000) of the HMG-CoA reductase subunits of rat liver and Chinese hamster liver is identical with a [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptide that can be precipitated from CHO-K1 lysates by this antibody used in conjunction with protein A Sepharose. It is shown that 25-hydroxycholesterol which lowers HMG-CoA reductase activity in cultured fibroblasts blocks the incorporation of labeled methionine into this polypeptide. Furthermore, the antibody immune precipitates two other polypeptides with molecular weights of 127,000 and 60,000. The latter polypeptide responds to 25-hydroxycholesterol in the same fashion as the 53,000-dalton polypeptide. In a dominant 25-hydroxycholesterol-resistant mutant of the CHO-K1 cell, 25-hydroxycholesterol did not inhibit incorporation of labeled methionine into either the 53,000- or 60,000-dalton polypeptides. PMID- 7298632 TI - Neutron small angle scattering on selectively deuterated human plasma low density lipoproteins. The location of polar phospholipid headgroups. AB - Human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) were deuterated in the phospholipid headgroup region by exchange with phosphatidylcholine-N(CD3)3-apolipoprotein A complexes. The exchange was associated with a net transfer of phosphatidylcholine to LDL leading to an increase in total phospholipid content by 27%. Practically all of the endogenous phosphatidylcholine including lysophosphatidylcholine, and about one-third of the sphingomyelin pool was found to be exchangeable. Immunochemically, deuterated LDL was identical with native LDL. The hydrodynamic and ultrastructural properties were closely similar for the two particle species apart from a slight increase in overall particle size by about 2%. Both native and deuterated LDL were investigated by neutron small angle scattering at several representative contrasts in H2O/D2O buffers. Subtraction of the scattering amplitudes of native from deuterated LDL resulted in a radius of gyration of 103 +/- 5 A for the N(CD3)3 groups, and in a structure factor resembling that of a thin, spherical shell. Evaluation of the contrast variation experiments in combination with previous data from x-ray small angle scattering (Laggner, P., and Mueller, K. (1978) Q. Rev. Biophys. 11, 371-425) indicates that the phospholipids form a spherical monolayer shell in the radial range between 75 A and 103 A around the core of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. For the protein moiety, a radius of gyration of 110 A was calculated, indicating that it is located, on average, 5 to 10 A from the polar phospholipid headgroups toward the aqueous environment. PMID- 7298633 TI - A variant of human nonmuscle tropomyosin found in fibroblasts by using two dimensional electrophoresis. AB - In an analysis of 12 human fibroblast cell lines by two-dimensional electrophoresis, one cell line (1493) was found to contain a major protein variant (Cytosk: 12; for the convention used in spot numbering, see Anderson, N. L. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 2407-2411) not present in any of the other 11 cell lines. Biochemical characterization of the variant protein included determination of its subcellular location, partial amino acid composition, behavior on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) versus SDS/urea gels, and partial proteolytic digestion patterns. All of these methods showed that Cytosk:12 is related to Cytosk:11. Both proteins are located in the cytoskeleton, contain little cysteine or proline and no detectable tryptophan, shift together to a higher apparent molecular weight when electrophoresed in the presence of SDS and 8 M urea versus SDS alone, and have identical products after partial proteolysis according to Cleveland et al. (Cleveland, D. W., Fischer, S. G., Kirschner, M. W., and Laemmli, U. K. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1102-1106). Preparation of nonmuscle tropomyosin resulted in the partial purification of both Cytosk:11 and :12. The data suggest that Cytosk:11 is fibroblast nonmuscle tropomyosin and that Cytosk:12 in cell line 1493 is a charge variant of that protein. PMID- 7298634 TI - The muscle specificity and structure of two closely related fast-twitch white muscle myosin heavy chain isozymes. AB - The structures of the heavy chains of fast-twitch white muscle myosin isolated from a number of specific rabbit muscles were examined by the technique of tryptic peptide mapping of iodinated proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. The results suggest that the distribution of the two closely related heavy chain isozymes postulated to exist by Starr and Offer ((1973) J. Mol. Biol. 81, 17-31) vary in a muscle-specific manner. One isozyme appears to be preferentially located in the extensor digitorum longus muscle, while the other appears to be preferentially located in the semitendinosus muscle. Other muscles, such as the gastrocnemius and the latissimus dorsi, appear to contain the two isozymes in a nearly 1:1 ratio. Fine structure mapping of myosin fragments revealed that the two muscle-specific isozymes differ in a number of locations throughout the head and tail portions of the myosin heavy chain. PMID- 7298635 TI - Purification of a stimulator of microtubule assembly from bovine thyroid. AB - A protein from bovine thyroid which stimulated the assembly of microtubules from phosphocellulose-purified tubulin was isolated. The purification scheme involved fractionation of bovine thyroid homogenates successively on phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose, and Sephadex G-200. Activity was determined as ability to stimulate phosphocellulose-purified tubulin assembly measured turbidimetrically. Purification of stimulatory activity resulted in the selective enrichment to near homogeneity of a 40,000-45,000-dalton protein. The molecular weight was estimated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein stimulated both the rate and the extent of assembly of thyroid and brain tubulin. In the turbidity assay which contained 4 M glycerol, the threshold for assembly of brain tubulin (at 1.7 mg/ml) was 0.01 mg/ml for the thyroid stimulator. Brain and thyroid microtubules assembled with thyroid stimulator appeared normal in diameter and shape by electron microscopy. Thyroid stimulator activity was destroyed by trypsinization or boiling. Activity was maximal at 1 mM GTP and 4 mM MgCl2 and was blocked by colchicine. No stimulatory protein of similar molecular weight could be isolated from bovine brain by similar techniques. PMID- 7298636 TI - Chloroplast ribosome structure. Electron microscopy of ribosomal subunits and localization of N6,N6-dimethyladenosine by immunoelectronmicroscopy. AB - Ribosomal subunits from the chloroplasts of Alaskan peas have been studied by immunoelectronmicroscopy. Electron micrographs of negatively stained small and large ribosomal subunits show particles of similar size and in the same characteristic projections described for the ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli (Lake, J. A. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 105, 131-159), although minor structural differences are apparent. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis shows the modified nucleoside N6,N6-dimethyladenosine is conserved in chloroplast 16 S ribosomal RNA, presumably as two successive residues near the 3' end. Antibodies directed against N6,N6-dimethyladenosine were allowed to react with chloroplast 30S ribosomal subunits. Electron microscopy showed individual subunit-antibody complexes and pairs of ribosomal subunits cross-linked by a single antibody. In 94% of the complexes observed, antibody contact was consistent with a dimethyladenosine localization near the end of the small subunit platform, in an area of subunit contact in the 70 S ribosome. This localization is analogous to the placement of N6,N6-dimethyladenosine in the E. coli ribosome (Politz, S. M., and Glitz, D. G. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 1468-1472). PMID- 7298637 TI - The electron transport chain of serotonin-dense granules of platelets. AB - An electron transport chain has been found and partially characterized in highly purified membranes of serotonin granules isolated from porcine platelets. In these membranes NADH, but not NADPH, is oxidized when ferricyanide or catalytic amounts of cytochrome c were present. The reduced minus oxidized spectrum of these serotonin granule membranes shows a characteristic cytochrome b spectrum with absorbance maxima at 428, 530, and 561 nm. Ascorbate and, at slower rates, NADH are electron donors to cytochrome b561. It is concluded that the electron transport chain present within the membranes of serotonin granules is virtually identical with that of chromaffin granules, and a common physiological role is suggested. PMID- 7298638 TI - A plasma inhibitor of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester transfer activities. AB - An inhibitor of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester transfer activities has been identified in the plasmas of several animal species. The inhibitor in human plasma has been separated from lipid transfer protein by chromatography on phenyl Sepharose and CM-cellulose. The inhibitor is characterized as a protein with Mr approximately 35,000 and an isoelectric point of 4 or less. The inhibitor protein decreased the transfer of both triglyceride and cholesteryl ester between all pairs of very low, low, and high density lipoproteins. Although under most conditions the inhibition of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester transfer was similar, the degree of inhibition of lipid transfer was dependent on the lipoprotein pair studied. PMID- 7298639 TI - Conditional thymidine auxotrophic mutants of mouse FM3A cells due to thermosensitive thymidylate synthase and their prototrophic revertants. AB - A number of temperature-sensitive conditional thymidine auxotrophs were isolated from mutagenized mouse FM3A cells. Upon temperature shift from 33.5 degrees C to 39.5 degrees C, the mutant cells rapidly lost thymidylate synthase activity with concomitant decrease in intracellular dTTP and changes in other dNTP pools. Thymidylate synthase obtained from these mutants was inactivated in a manner following first order kinetics by heat treatment, which did not affect the parental enzyme. When bound covalently to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5' [32P]monophosphate and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, the enzyme of one mutant migrated slower than the parental enzyme on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas it did not do so on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Spontaneous prototrophic revertants were isolated from most of the mutant lines. In some revertants, the enzyme regained the heat resistance of the wild type completely or partially. In other revertants, the enzyme was overproduced, but its heat-sensitive nature was unaltered. The results demonstrate unequivocally that the conditional thymidine auxotrophy in the mutants was caused by thermosensitive thymidylate synthase due, at least in one particular line, to a missense mutation in its structural gene. PMID- 7298640 TI - Fibrinogen Petoskey, a dysfibrinogenemia characterized by replacement of Arg-A alpha 16 by a histidyl residue. Evidence for thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis at a histidyl residue. PMID- 7298641 TI - Increased transfer of oligosaccharide from oligosaccharide pyrophosphoryl dolichol to protein acceptors upon estrogen-induced chick oviduct differentiation. AB - In an earlier report (Lucas, J. J., and Levin, E. (1977 J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4330 4336), we showed that immature chick oviduct membranes could not transfer [14C]mannose from GDP-[14C]Man to endogenous oligosaccharide pyrophosphoryl dolichol or protein. Estrogen treatment of chicks however, stimulated [14C]mannose transfer to those acceptors. In order to determine whether the oligosaccharide transfer responsible for N-glycosylation of oviduct proteins is present in immature oviduct membranes exogenous carboxymethylated alpha lactalbumin and radiolabeled oligosaccharide-lipid were added to oviduct membranes. Because purity of the oligosaccharide-lipid is essential for consistent transfer of oligosaccharide to carboxymethylated alpha-lactalbumin a high pressure liquid chromatography procedure has been developed for oligosaccharide-lipid purification. The data obtained indicate that immature chick oviduct membranes do have an enzyme capable of oligosaccharide transfer and that the activity is enhanced 3- to 4-fold by estrogen treatment of chicks. A Glc oligosaccharide is transferred approximately 3-fold more effectively than the nonglycosylated Man-oligosaccharide by membrane preparations from immature chicks, estrogen-treated chicks, and mature hens. PMID- 7298642 TI - The formation of Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2-) via the binding and oxidation of Fe2+. AB - This paper examines the reaction pathway in which Fe2+ is bound by apotransferrin and subsequently oxidized by O2 to yield Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2-). The time course of the reaction follows a curved first order function suggesting somewhat different reactivities of the two transferrin binding sites. The initial velocity of the oxidation reaction follows saturation kinetics with regard to apotransferrin, Fe2+, and NaHCO3. We suggest an equilibrium between these components and Fe2+-transferrin-CO3(2-). The initial velocity is a linear function of O2 concentration. This is consistent with the rate-limiting step of the overall reaction being the oxidation of the Fe2+-transferrin-CO3(2-). A second order rate constant of approximately 4 X 10(3) M-1 s-1 was estimated for the oxidation of Fe2+-transferrin-CO3(2-) by O2. Oxidation by H2O2 is about 30 times faster. The reaction velocity increases with increasing pH between pH 6.0 and 7.5 Fe3+-transferrin-anion complexes are formed by the binding and oxidation of Fe2+ iun the presence of O2 and synergistic anions. The anion is found to have a strong effect on the reaction rate and provides additional evidence for the proposed reaction route. The presence of chelating agents also strongly affects the rate of Fe3+-transferrin-CO3(2-) formation. EDTA and N-(2 hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid severely depress the rate, while other chelating reagents have a moderately inhibiting effect. Thioglycolate is found to enhance the reaction by a factor of 9. The formation of a quaternary complex consisting of thioglycolate-Fe2+-transferrin-CO3(2-) is suggested. The results are correlated with an earlier study on the reductive release of iron from transferrin (Kojima, N., and Bates, G. W. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8847-8854). PMID- 7298643 TI - An isoenergetic exchange mechanism which accounts for tubulin-GDP stabilization of microtubules. AB - We have developed a coupled enzyme system composed of hexokinase, glucose, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase which is able to rapidly convert GTP at the exchangeable nucleotide binding site of tubulin to GDP. Using this method, we have studied the dynamic properties of microtubules and tubulin subunits in the presence of GDP. Conversion of GTP to GDP causes microtubules to change to a new, somewhat lower steady state level; dilution studies show that subunits disassemble from microtubules at steady state in the presence of GDP at a rate comparable to that in the presence of GTP; in reactions of existing microtubules with tubulin-GDP subunits it was found that tubulin-GDP subunits do not participate in net microtubule elongation. From these observations we conclude that in the presence of tubulin-GDP the microtubule steady state has an unusual property; in spite of the fact that the microtubule is continuously undergoing rapid subunit loss, but not subunit addition, a nearly constant steady state level of microtubule mass is maintained. This must mean that tubulin-GDP subunits, although unable to participate in a net addition, can participate in additions each of which compensates for the dissociation of a single subunit from the microtubule. This is equivalent to the existence of an isoenergetic exchange of a tubulin-GDP in solution for a subunit which had been lost from the end of a microtubule. PMID- 7298644 TI - Structural gene products of the Ah locus. Evidence for many unique P-450-mediated monooxygenase activities reconstituted from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated C57BL/6N mouse liver microsomes. AB - Cytochrome P-450 from cholate-solubilized liver microsomes prepared from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated genetically "responsive" C57BL/6N mice (Ahb/Ahb) was partially purified by aminooctyl-Sepharose 4B column chromatography with an elution buffer that included Emulgen 911, followed by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. The P-450 was separated into 16 fractions: 15 fractions principally associated with the Ahb allele and induction by 3-methylcholanthrene and 1 fraction not associated with the Ahb allele, i.e. predominantly constitutive form(s) of P-450. The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene, 7 ethoxycoumarin, biphenyl, ethoxyresorufin, acetanilide, 2-acetylaminofluorene, phenacetin, estradiol-17 beta, and testosterone was investigated. With these nine substrates, we examined the rates of formation of 17 products, i.e. 17 P-450 mediated reconstituted monooxygenase "'activities," in each of the 16 fractions. Differing reductase/cytochrome and lipid/cytochrome requirements were observed for each activity; the reasons for these empirical differences are not known. By two-factor analysis of variance our data for 17 catalytic activities can be explained by a minimum of 19 unique groups of monooxygenase activities: 12 induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and 7 control (endogenous). At least one of these distinctly different 3-methylcholanthrene-induced groups and at least one of these constitutive groups is associated with a marked blue spectral shift (approximately 2.0 nm) in the Soret peak of the reduced hemoprotein.CO complex, suggesting multiple forms of inducible and control "P-448." Almost every reconstituted monooxygenase activity therefore appears to be unique and probably represents the aggregate activity from numerous forms of P-450. PMID- 7298645 TI - Genetic evidence for many unique liver microsomal P-450-mediated monooxygenase activities in heterogeneic stock mice. PMID- 7298646 TI - Intermediate hemoglobins of hemoglobin Kempsey produced by partial oxidation with ferricyanide. PMID- 7298647 TI - Mechanism of precipitation of proteins by polyethylene glycols. Analysis in terms of excluded volume. AB - The apparent solubilities of various proteins (14,000 to 670,000 daltons) were measured in the presence of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of different sizes. All of the solubility curves, determined by measuring the protein concentration in the supernate of centrifuged mixtures, exhibited the characteristic linear dependence of log S (g/liter) on PEG concentration (%, w/v). For human albumin in PEG-4000 at pH 4.5, this linearity extended over a 1,000-fold range of solubility, even though the appearance of the sedimented phase changed from a viscous fluid to a white amorphous solid. The slope, beta, decreased from 0.27 to 0.09 with decreasing Mr of PEG from 20,000 to 400, but was insensitive to changes in solution conditions (pH, T, salts), suggesting the absence of specific chemical interactions between protein and polymer. This conclusion was supported by the observation that concentrations of PEG up to 30% (w/v) had no significant effect on the melting temperature of ribonuclease A. Furthermore, equilibrium dialysis measurements, as well as various spectral measurements, provided no evidence for such interactions. Using a steric exclusion model (Edmond, E., and Ogston, A. G. (1968) Biochem. J. 109, 569-576) and assuming that the chemical potential of the solid phase is constant, beta can be related to interaction coefficients calculated from co-volumes using the equivalent sphere radii of PEG (r2) and protein (r3). Although good agreement was obtained for albumin in PEG 20,000, the predicted dependence of beta on r3 was greater than observed and the predicted dependence of beta on r2 was of opposite direction to that observed. However, the interaction coefficient determined from the equilibrium dialysis measurements of albumin and PEG-1000 agreed with the predicted value. Thus, the exclusion of low concentrations of PEG by albumin can be explained by a simple excluded volume model, whereas the exclusion of protein out of solution by PEG appears to be more complex. PMID- 7298648 TI - On the mechanism of action of cytochrome P-450. Evaluation of homolytic and heterolytic mechanisms of oxygen-oxygen bond cleavage during substrate hydroxylation by peroxides. PMID- 7298649 TI - Thermal denaturation of antithrombin III. Stabilization by heparin and lyotropic anions. AB - Antithrombin III is of potential value for replacement therapy in patients with acquired or congenital deficiencies. Pasteurization of the purified inhibitor for 10 h at 60 degrees C can reduce the risk of transfusion hepatitis. Addition of appropriate stabilizers can largely prevent the loss of antithrombin activity which otherwise occurs during pasteurization. Studies of the mechanism of denaturation and stabilization have been facilitated by the use of 8-anilino-1 naphthalene sulfonate which binds weakly to the inhibitor and whose fluorescence undergoes a sigmoidal response to increasing temperature. The extent of the increase in 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate fluorescence correlates roughly with the loss of antithrombin activity and with the extent of protein aggregation as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. The midpoint, Td, of the thermal denaturation curve increases by 13 degrees C and 19 degrees C in the presence of 0.5 M and 1.0 M sodium citrate, respectively. Phosphate, sulfate, and EDTA are also strong stabilizers while the chaotropic anions, iodide and thiocyanate are potent destabilizers. Heparin at 10 mg/ml increases Td by 7 degrees C, presumably through a direct binding mechanism; chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid have no effect. Samples pasteurized for 10 h at 60 degrees C in the presence of 0.5 M and 1.0 M citrate retain essentially full activity but exhibit evidence of minor alterations in their interaction with heparin. PMID- 7298650 TI - Association of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate binding protein with HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha. AB - An electrophoretically homogeneous high molecular weight form (640,000) of HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha was shown to catalyze DNA synthesis with a variety of di- and oligoriboadenylates and oligodeoxyriboadenylates as primers with poly(dT) as template. Diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,p4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) can be utilized as a primer with poly(dT) as template and was found to be covalently attached to the 5'-end of the poly(dA) product. An Ap4A binding protein is tightly associated with the high molecular weight form of DNA polymerase alpha. This protein which exhibits high affinity, noncovalent binding of Ap4A is resolved from the multiprotein DNA polymerase alpha complex, along with other accessory proteins, by hydrophobic affinity chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose columns. PMID- 7298651 TI - Primary structure of phycocyanin from the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium. I. Complete amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of phycocyanin from the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium has been determined by automated sequential degradation of cyanogen bromide peptides, tryptic peptides derived from protein chemically modified with 1,2-cyclohexanedione or citraconic anhydride, and a peptide obtained after cleavage of the protein at the single tryptophan residue. The alpha subunit contains 162 amino acids and methionine and serine are the NH2- and carboxyl-terminal amino acids, respectively. The calculated molecular weight of the protein, based on the amino acid sequence, is 18,303, in good agreement with the value of 17,500 +/- 500, obtained by electrophoresis on calibrated sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. One phycocyanobilin chromophore is attached to the alpha subunit at residue 84 by a cysteinyl thioether linkage. A second cysteine (residue 98) is present but is not linked to phycocyanobilin. The amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of phycocyanin from C. caldarium is the first complete amino acid sequence of a phycobiliprotein from a eukaryotic alga. Extensive homology occurs between the alpha subunit of phycocyanin from C. caldarium and from two prokaryotic cyanobacteria, and the significance of this is discussed. PMID- 7298652 TI - Hyperthyroidism impairs the activation of glycogen phosphorylase by epinephrine in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7298653 TI - Ion beam tritium labeling of proteins and peptides. AB - A general method for tritiating proteins, peptides, and other nonvolatile organic compounds has been developed. A carefully controlled particle beam composed of T3+ and T2+ ions and fast T2 molecules is accelerated into a sample target within a vacuum chamber. This beam method has been used to tritiate ribonuclease A, porcine pancreatic elastase, thermolysin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, alpha 1 protease inhibitor, and the peptide aldehydes leupeptin and antipain. After removal of all readily exchangeable tritium, the products were obtained in 32-83% yields with specific radioactivities of 18-856 Ci/mol. The products were carefully characterized, shown to be chemically pure, and to have complete biological activity. Simple tritium hydrogen exchange accounts for at least 82% of the reaction pathway with proteins and for 100% of the reaction with the peptide aldehydes. The ion beam method is a mild procedure for general tritium labeling of fragile protein macromolecules and other sensitive biological molecules. PMID- 7298654 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies of Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I. Evidence for a difference in coordination of the 3Fe centers in azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I and desulfovibrio gigas ferredoxin II. AB - Proton magnetic resonance studies have been made of Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I. This protein contains a low potential 3Fe-3S center (Emp = -424 mV) and a high potential 4Fe-4S center (Emp = +320 mV). A series of five single proton resonances are visible downfield of 11 ppm in the isolated form of the protein. On reduction of the protein the three most downfield resonances are no longer visible and no new resonances are observed. These resonances are assigned to alpha-CH cysteinyl protons on residues 8, 20, and 49 which coordinate the 3Fe center. The two remaining downfield resonances are altered on oxidation of the protein, and are assigned to beta-CH2 cysteinyl protons on residues bound to the high potential 4Fe center. Comparison of the reported NMR spectrum of Desulfovibrio gigas ferredoxin II (Moura, J. J. G., Xavier, A. V., Bruschi, M., and Le Gall, J. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 459, 278-289) to that of A. vinelandii ferredoxin I is made. The 3Fe centers found in D. gigas ferredoxin Ii exhibit a reduction potential almost 300 mV more positive than the 3Fe center in A. vinelandii ferredoxin I. Evidence is presented that the 3Fe centers in the two proteins are not co-ordinated identically, and arguments are made which suggest that a small noncysteinyl ligand, modeled as a nonprotein oxygen atom in the x ray structure A. vinelandii ferredoxin I, may be replaced in D. gigas ferredoxin II by a glutamyl epsilon-oxygen linkage to an iron atom. Further, it is noted that such a change could be responsible for the significant difference in reduction potential observed between the 3Fe centers in these two proteins. PMID- 7298655 TI - Purification and properties of the glutamine- and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase from liver of Squalus acanthias. AB - The L-glutamine- and N-acetyl-L-glutamate-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III present in liver of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) has been purified to a high state of purity. The purified enzyme has a Mr congruent to 160,000 and is subject to self-association which is facilitated by the presence of MgATP, L-glutamine, and N-acetyl-L-glutamate. The enzyme exhibits hysteretic properties. The time course of the reaction is characterized by a lag or a burst in activity, depending upon preincubation conditions, which can last up to 30 min. The lag period can be eliminated by preincubating the enzyme at 26 degrees C (but not at 4 degrees C) in the presence of the above three ligands. Mg2+ in excess of that required to complex ATP as MgATP and N-acetyl-L-glutamate are both required for full activity. The requirement of K+ for activity can be replaced by NH4+, but not by Na+. Ammonia can act as a substrate in place of L-glutamine, but the maximal rate is much less than that which can be obtained with L-glutamine. The glutamine-dependent activity is inhibited by ammonia. Apparent Km values under optimal conditions for N-acetyl-L-glutamate, L-glutamine, MgATP, bicarbonate, and ammonia are 0.013 mM, 0.16 mM, 0.35 mM, 1.7 mM, and 2 mM, respectively. The apparent Km for N-acetyl-L-glutamate decreases when the concentration of L-glutamine increases, and vice versa. The apparent Km values for these two ligands are increased when urea is present at normal physiological concentrations (0.4 M), and the activity of the enzyme is significantly affected by changes in urea concentration. Compounds known to act as allosteric effectors on other glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthetases had little or no effect on this enzyme. The properties of the enzyme are consistent with the view that the function of this carbamoyl phosphate synthetase III is related to the synthesis of urea which is retained in these species as a mechanism for osmoregulation. PMID- 7298656 TI - An endogenous dinucleotide bound to diphtheria toxin. Adenylyl-(3',5')-uridine 3' monophosphate. AB - Diphtheria toxin has recently been fractionated into two forms, one of which contains tightly but noncovalently bound nucleotide-like material. Here we report identification of the major nucleotide constituent (comprising 80% of the total extractable ultraviolet-absorbing material) as adenylyl-(3',5')-uridine 3' monophosphate (ApUp). Upon incubation with ApUp, the nucleotide-free form of toxin bound approximately one molar equivalent of the dinucleotide and was converted to a form similar or identical with the native nucleotide-bound form. PMID- 7298657 TI - The lipids or grossly normal human aortic intima from birth to old age. PMID- 7298658 TI - Biosynthesis in vitro of sialosylgalactosyldiacylglycerol by mouse brain microsomes. AB - A sialyltransferase enzyme, present in the microsomal fraction of mouse brain, catalyzes the synthesis in vitro of a lipid, characterized as 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D galactosyl (3 comes from 2 N-acetylneuraminosyl)-sn-glycerol, (sialosylgalactosyldiacylglycerol) from 1,2-diacyl-3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn glycerol (galactosyldiacylglycerol) and cytidine-5'-monophospho-N acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc). The enzymatic activity increases proportionally, over a given range, with increasing concentrations of both substrates and of enzyme. The apparent Km of the enzyme for galactosyldiacylglycerol is 130 microM, and for CMP-NeuNAc, 780 microM. The reaction proceeds optimally at pH 6.2. The product of the enzymatic reaction was characterized as a lipid which contained galactosyldiacylglycerol and N acetylneuraminic acid. 14C-labeled lipid, synthesized from [14C]N acetylneuraminic acid, and 3H-labeled lipid, synthesized from [3H]galactosyldiacylglycerol, ran with identical RF values when chromatographed on thin layers of silica gel. The water-soluble products, obtained by mild alkaline deacylation of these two labeled lipids, migrated the same when electrophoresed on paper. The ratio 14C/3H was calculated as 0.83 for doubly labeled lipid, [14C]sialosyl-[3H]galactosyldiacylglycerol. Degradation of this doubly labeled lipid by mild alkaline deacylation, followed by mild acid hydrolysis, yielded products that cochromatographed with standards galactosylglycerol and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Analysis of the products resulting from periodate oxidation of the 3H-labeled lipid demonstrated that the N-acetylneuraminic acid is linked to carbon 3 of the galactose. PMID- 7298659 TI - Four positional isomers of sialyloligosaccharides isolated from the urine of a patient with sialidosis. AB - Four positional isomers of sialyloligosaccharides were isolated from the urine of an adult patient with sialidosis with partial deficiency of beta-galactosidase. From structural studies including compositional sugar analysis, exoglycosidase digestion, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and methylation analysis, their structures were deduced to be as follows: 1. AcNeu alpha 2 leads to 3 Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac 2. AcNeu alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac 3. AcNeu alpha 2 leads to 6Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac 4. AcNeu alpha 2 leads to 6Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNac Sialyloligosaccharides 1 and 3 have previously been found in the liver and urine of patients with mucolipidosis I, II, and variable forms, but sialyloligosaccharides 2 and 4 have not previously be found in human urine. PMID- 7298660 TI - Catabolism of globin-haptoglobin in liver cells after intravenous administration of hemoglobin-haptoglobin to rats. AB - The intracellular site of uptake and degradation of globin-haptoglobin, the protein moiety of hemoglobin-haptoglobin, in rat liver cells was investigated in vivo. Hemoglobin-haptoglobin, administered intravenously to rats, is cleared from circulation and incorporated exclusively into liver parenchymal cells through the receptor specific for the molecule (Kino, K., Tsunoo, H., Higa, Y., Takami, M., Hamaguchi, H., and Nakajima, H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 9616-9620). Intrahepatocellular distribution of radioactivity was determined after intravenous administration of (125I-hemoglobin)-haptoglobin or hemoglobin-(125I haptoglobin) to rats. The 125I-labeled hemoglobin-haptoglobin was incorporated first in organelles of low density (density range, 1.05-1.07 g/ml) recovered in Golgi subfractions of the liver cells in a substantially intact form. The organelles progressively acquired a higher density, presumably through fusion with primary lysosomes. In the resulting organelles of high density (density range, 1.07-1.15 g/ml), which are probably secondary lysosomes, hemoglobin haptoglobin first dissociated symmetrically to yield two 82,000-dalton subunits by a limited proteolysis, and further digestion of the constituent polypeptide chains seemed to proceed thereafter in the organelles during the transport process across the cells. PMID- 7298661 TI - One-electron reduction in oxyform of hemoproteins. AB - The reaction of the hydrated electron with oxyform of hemoproteins such as MbO2 and oxyperoxidase was investigated by the use of pulse radiolysis method. MbO2 was reduced by hydrated electrons to form the hydrogen peroxide-induced compound, the so-called "ferryl" Mb. On the other hand, the oxyform of diacetydeuteroperoxidase was also reduced by hydrated electrons to form Compound I of this enzyme. Both reactions are found to follow second order kinetics with rate constants of 4 X 10(10) M-1 s-1 at pH 7.4, without detection of intermediates, i.e. 1-electron reduction. PMID- 7298662 TI - Comparative studies on the inhibitory region of selected species of troponin-I. The use of synthetic peptide analogs to probe structure-function relationships. AB - Five peptide analogs of the actomyosin ATPase inhibitory region of troponin I (Tn I) have been synthesized by the solid-phase method. One analog was constructed with a sequence identical to that found in species of Tn-I isolated from chicken fast, rabbit fast and rabbit slow skeletal muscle. A second peptide was made identical to the sequence of the homologous inhibitory region of Tn-I from rabbit cardiac muscle. The remaining three analogs were hybrids of the two sequences. We have verified that rabbit skeletal fast Tn-I was a better inhibitor than rabbit cardiac Tn-I in a rabbit skeletal actomyosin assay system and extended these studies to show that the same results were found in an assay system which used rabbit cardiac actomyosin. Our skeletal fast muscle peptide analog was also a better inhibitor in both assay systems than the cardiac Tn-I peptide analog. The hybrid peptides indicated that the changing of proline 110 to a threonine residue had no effect and suggested that position 110 was not essential to inhibition. The other amino acid change, the replacement of arginine 113 by a leucine residue, was shown to be the crucial difference and resulted in lower activity. Thus, th differences in relative inhibitory activity of rabbit skeletal fast and cardiac Tn-I can be at least partially and possibly solely explained by the single amino acid substitution at position 113. Short active sequences of proteins, like the Tn-I inhibitory region are potentially of enormous value as probes of structure-function relationships. PMID- 7298663 TI - Metabolism of 2-hexadecynoate and inhibition of fatty acid elongation. AB - Dietary methyl-2-hexadecynoate appeared to inhibit fatty acid elongation in intact animals (Wood, R., Lee, T., and Gershon, H. (1980) Lipids 15, 141-150). Data from the present in vitro studies indicate that the microsomal elongation system is inhibited preferentially to the mitochondrial system. A series of metabolic acyl-CoA thioester intermediates has been isolated, characterized, and identified from microsomal and mitochondrial incubations with the 2-hexadecynoic acid (16 identical to 1 delta 2). The data support the following conclusions: 1) 16 identical to 1 delta 2 is activated to the CoA ester; 2) 16 identical to 1 delta 2 is acted on by an isomerase to produce a 2,3-allene; 3) either 16 identical to 1 delta 2 or the allene, or both, are hydrated to yield a beta-keto CoA thioester after rearrangement; 4) the beta-keto ester is reduced to the beta hydroxyacyl-CoA; 5) dehydration of the beta-hydroxy ester gives rise to trans delta 2-hexadecenoate which accumulates; and 6) accumulation of the latter results from the inhibition of enoyl-CoA reductase by the 2,3-allene. The occurrence of cis and trans delta 3-hexadecenoates indicates the allene is reduced, after which the delta 3 monoene isomer may be isomerized to the delta 2 monoene by the acetylene isomerase or a different enzyme. Indirect evidence suggests that the fatty acid elongation systems may also be inhibited at another site. PMID- 7298664 TI - Mechanism of growth stimulation of L1210 cells by 2-mercaptoethanol in vitro. Role of the mixed disulfide of 2-mercaptoethanol and cysteine. AB - The mechanism of the growth-promoting action of 2-mercaptoethanol on mouse lymphoma L1210 cells in vitro has been studied. The normal line of L1210 is deficient in its capacity to take up cystine, and this limits the growth of the cells in normal culture media containing cystine. In the presence of 2 mercaptoethanol, the cells obtain a high capacity to utilize cystine in the medium. The reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol with cystine produces a mixed disulfide of 2-mercaptoethanol and cysteine. The mixed disulfide is taken up by the cells mainly via the L system, a transport system for neutral alpha-amino acids such as leucine. The mixed disulfide within the cells is rapidly reduced to produce cystine and 2-mercaptoethanol which escapes rapidly into the medium and reacts with cystine again. With the aid of this cyclic action of 2-mercaptoethanol, the cells are able to utilize cystine constantly. PMID- 7298667 TI - The mechanism of trypsin catalysis at low pH. Proposal for a structural model. PMID- 7298666 TI - Oxidation of hemoglobin and myoglobin by alkyl nitrites inhibition by oxygen. AB - The reactions of human hemoglobin and sperm whale myoglobin with ethyl nitrite under aerobic conditions have been examined in kinetic detail. Ethyl nitrite converts two equivalents of oxyhemoglobin or oxymyoglobin to their oxidized counterparts with concurrent production of one equivalent each of molecular oxygen, nitrate ion, and ethyl alcohol. Inverse first order kinetic dependence on the concentration of molecular oxygen has been observed and is interpreted by a mechanism in which oxygen dissociation from the oxyhemoprotein occurs prior to rate-limiting oxidation by ethyl nitrite. The rate constant for ethyl nitrite oxidation of hemoglobin from which the fourth oxygen has dissociated is calculated to be 45 times greater than the corresponding rate constant for oxidation of deoxyhemoglobin. This rate enhancement is proposed to be a reflection of the oxidative susceptibility of the R and T conformational states of hemoglobin. Results obtained for the oxidation of myoglobin confirm this interpretation as do kinetic data for hemoglobin and myoglobin oxidations by iron(III) and copper(II) complexes. The effects of organic phosphates on rates for hemoglobin oxidations are interpreted in terms of oxidation inhibition by molecular oxygen. PMID- 7298665 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of human deoxyhemoglobin by nitrites. AB - The reactions of human hemoglobin with sodium nitrite and ethyl nitrite in deoxygenated media have been examined in kinetic detail. Nitrous acid has been identified from kinetic pH dependence studies as the principal oxidant of hemoglobin in reactions with sodium nitrite. Nitrosylhemoglobin is produced concurrently with methemoglobin as a result of reductive release of nitric oxide from nitrous acid. However, oxidation of hemoglobin by nitric oxide competes with association, and this process is proposed to arise from the action of the nitric oxide dimer on hemoglobin. Ethyl nitrite, which serves as a model for nitrous acid, reacts with hemoglobin at rates that are at least 10 times slower than those extrapolated for nitrous acid, and hydrolysis of the alkyl nitrite is not competitive with oxidation of hemoglobin. The composite experimental results are interpreted to describe alkyl nitrite, and, presumably, nitrous acid association with hemoglobin followed by rate-limiting electron transfer resulting in nitric oxide and alkoxide (or hydroxide) production. Proton transfer resulting in alcohol (or water) formation occurs subsequent to the rate-limiting step as do reactions of hemoglobin with nitric oxide. PMID- 7298668 TI - Preliminary crystallographic studies of a sweet protein, monellin. AB - Monellin belongs to a new class of proteins that have intensely sweet taste. We report here the results of crystallization of this protein and crystallographic parameters of the monellin crystals; space group is P21; the cell parameters are 39.1 X 71.5 X 86.9 A with beta = 107.6 degrees; and there are 4 monellin molecules/asymmetric unit. PMID- 7298669 TI - Calcium-dependent affinity chromatography of S-100 and calmodulin on calmodulin antagonist-coupled Sepharose. PMID- 7298670 TI - The membrane receptor for polymeric immunoglobulin is structurally related to secretory component. Isolation and characterization of membrane secretory component from rabbit liver and mammary gland. AB - The membrane receptor of epithelial cells which binds polymeric immunoglobulins and mediates their transepithelial translocation is antigenically related to secretory component (SC), a glycoprotein produced by the epithelial cells. In rabbit milk, secreted SC is found either bound to polymeric immunoglobulin A (IgA) or in a free form. It is comprised of a heterogeneous population of molecules with apparent Mr = 83,000 and 80,000 (upper doublet) and 58,000 and 55,000 (lower doublet). Membrane SC was isolated by immunoadsorption from deoxycholate-solubilized plasma membranes of rabbit liver and mammary gland. The purified proteins, heterogenous in size with apparent Mr = 120,000 and 116,000 (upper doublet) and 95,000 and 91,000 (lower doublet), were amphiphilic. One dimensional peptide maps revealed extensive structural homology between both the upper doublets of the membrane and secreted SC, as well as between the lower doublets. This indicates that the high Mr membrane SC of hepatocytes and mammary cells are precursors of the lower Mr secreted SC found in bile and milk. All four membrane SC, purified in high yield from rabbit liver by immunoadsorption and preparative electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, bound IgA dimer specifically. The affinity (Kd approximately equal to 10 nM) was similar to the one observed in free SC-IgA dimer interaction. Only the membrane proteins recognized by the anti-SC antibodies were able to bind polymeric IgA. In liver membrane preparations, the receptor was localized at the surface of smooth vesicles, using IgA dimer-biotin and avidin-gold. Our results indicate that the high Mr membrane SC is the plasma membrane receptor for polymeric immunoglobulin. PMID- 7298672 TI - Normal and pathological anatomy of the lumbar spinal nerve root canals. PMID- 7298671 TI - Formation of matrix vesicles by cultured chick embryo chondrocytes. PMID- 7298673 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of the lumbar spinal canal. The origin and precision of the recorded echoes. PMID- 7298674 TI - Achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia. Clinical variation and spinal stenosis. AB - Forty-eight patients with achondroplasia and 24 with hypochondroplasia have been reviewed in order to clarify the differences between the two disorders and establish the height, body proportions and other clinical and radiological variations within each group. Some of the "classical" findings in achondroplasia are not always present, and hypochondroplasia at its most severe is indistinguishable from achondroplasia at its least severe. The frequency of spinal stenosis and neurological complications was established in an unselected group of 27 achondroplastic and 12 hypochondroplastic patients aged 10 years and over. Only three of the former were free of symptoms but only three developed serious complications (11 per cent). Measurement of radiographs of the lumbar canal did not in general correlate well with the severity of spinal stenosis symptoms, but it was found that the ratio of interpedicular distances at the first and fourth lumbar vertebrae had some value. Neurological complications were rare in patients with simple narrowing of the spinal canal or with persistence of a thoracolumbar kyphos but when these occurred together there was a high risk of serious neurological involvement. PMID- 7298675 TI - Functional classification and orthopaedic management of spinal muscular atrophy. AB - The majority of patients with chronic infantile and juvenile forms of spinal muscular atrophy survive to adult life. Forty-four patients have been reviewed at an average of 17 years after diagnosis. The subdivision of patients into four groups, based on the maximal physical function developed by the individual, correlates well with the onset and severity of secondary deformity of the limbs and spine. This information allows anticipation of the problems and plans for their treatment to be made from early childhood. After analysis of the orthotic and surgical treatment received by these patients, a specific programme of care is recommended for each of the functional groups. PMID- 7298676 TI - A short-term follow-up of patients with mild scoliosis. AB - Thirty patients with mild idiopathic scoliosis were reviewed between 7 and 17 years after spinal maturity. These patients were not treated surgically because they were cosmetically acceptable, and unlikely to progress further. Standardised radiographs taken at spinal maturity and at review were comparable, so any change represented true progression in a fully mature spine. There was an increase of lateral curvature in 60 per cent of the patients; this was small and always under 10 degrees. No change was seen in rotation. Lateral curves over 30 degrees, with rotation of 25 degrees or more, were found to be almost twice as likely to progress. It is suggested that caution should be exercised in leaving these curves untreated, and follow-up into early adult life is advisable. PMID- 7298677 TI - Defects of the pedicle and spondylolisthesis of the second cervical vertebra. PMID- 7298680 TI - Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection of the tendon sheaths in the hand. A report of six cases. PMID- 7298678 TI - Compression screwing of displaced fractures of the head of the radius. PMID- 7298679 TI - Friedrich's disease. Aseptic necrosis of the sternal end of the clavicle. PMID- 7298681 TI - The use of silver sulphadiazine occlusive dressings for finger-tip injuries. AB - A prospective trial was performed, comparing the use of silver sulphadiazine occlusive dressings with Fucidin gauze compressive dressings in the treatment of injuries to the finger-tip in patients presenting at the casualty department. Sixty-four patients were seen, four of whom had severe injury with extensive loss of pulp. The time taken for the wound to heal, the incidence of infection, and the duration of absence from work were compared for both types of treatment. The results showed that silver sulphadiazine occlusive dressings were the most effective in the treatment of these injuries even when they were severe. PMID- 7298682 TI - The long-term results of traumatic posterior dislocation of the hip. AB - Out of a total of 91 patients with traumatic posterior dislocation of the hip treated between 1936 and 1974 in the Mansfield area, 81 patients were reviewed. The average follow-up period was 12.5 years, although there was a large number of cases with a follow-up of more than 15 years and a smaller number with a follow up of 30 years. The overall results were surprisingly poor despite early reduction of the dislocation in the majority of cases. We found that 15 years after simple dislocation 24 per cent of the cases had a poor result by both clinical and radiological criteria, but in the more severe grades of initial injury the results became worse, with 73.3 per cent of the patients graded as fair and poor, and only 26.7 per cent graded excellent or good. PMID- 7298683 TI - Revision of the Charnley low-friction arthroplasty for recurrent or irreducible dislocation. AB - Twenty-one cases of the Charnley low-friction arthroplasty were revised because of recurrent or irreducible dislocation. Three main reasons for this revision, usually in combination, were identified: loss of the abductor mechanism due to trochanteric detachment; shortening of the limb due to high placement of the socket or low section of the femoral neck; and malorientation of the components. Sixteen patients had no further problems after revision. One patient had a single dislocation, four had more than one dislocation although they managed to cope with them and did not require a further revision. PMID- 7298684 TI - A new method for measuring angles after total hip arthroplasty. A study of the acetabular cup and femoral component. PMID- 7298685 TI - Cardiovascular and neurological function in elderly patients sustaining a fracture of the neck of the femur. AB - Cardiac and neurological functions were evaluated at the time of operation in 81 randomly selected elderly patients who had sustained a fracture of the neck of the femur. Although only one-fifth of the patients had clinical signs of senile dementia or cerebrovascular disease on admission to hospital, more than half had seriously abnormal EEGs including 12 of the 15 patients who died within six months. ECGs before operation showed that patients with signs of arrhythmia or previous myocardial infarction had a much lower survival rate than those with normal or other pathological ECG signs. Nerve conduction velocity findings proved inconclusive when correlated with survival or return home. Routine EEG and ECG examinations are of value in detecting underlying dysfunctions which may not be observable clinically on admission but are important prognostic indicators for survival or return home, and may be implicated as causative factors of fracture in the elderly. PMID- 7298686 TI - The centre--edge angle of Wiberg in adult Africans and Caucasians. A radiographic comparison. PMID- 7298688 TI - The use of cast-bracing as treatment for fractures of the tibial plateau. AB - A series of 29 patients with fractures of the tibial plateau were treated by means of a cast-brace. There were seven wedge fractures of the lateral tibial condyle, two dicondylar fractures and 20 compression fractures involving the lateral tibial plateau. The seven patients with wedge fractures were treated by skin or skeletal traction, followed as soon as possible by flexion exercises for the knee. Cast-braces were applied to all fractures as soon as possible after injury, and the patients allowed to bear weight freely. Early restoration of function of the injured limb was thereby achieved. The results of our study over a period of two and a half years indicate that cast-bracing is a very satisfactory method of treating fractures of the tibial plateau. All the fractures united, the movements and control of the knee were excellent, and valgus or varus deformity was unchanged before application and after removal of the brace. PMID- 7298687 TI - Hip pain during adolescence after Perthes' disease. PMID- 7298689 TI - Does Osgood--Schlatter disease influence the position of the patella? AB - The Blackburne and Peel method of assessing the position of the patella was applied to 185 knees with Osgood--Schlatter disease in 125 patients. The normal index of 0.80 was confirmed in 73 control knees. The average index in the knees with Osgood--Schlatter disease measured 1.01 (patella alta) boys and 0.91 in girls. The value increased to 1.06 in boys with radiological evidence of loose ossicles in the tibial tuberosity or the patellar tendon. This finding indicates that the strong pull of the well-developed quadriceps muscle is probably the most important aetiological factor in patella alta associated with Osgood--Schlatter disease. PMID- 7298690 TI - The bipartite tarsal scaphoid. PMID- 7298691 TI - Equalisation of leg length. PMID- 7298692 TI - Non-infective disease of the diabetic foot. AB - Six different conditions of non-infective bone and joint pathology have been seen amongst 67 patients with diabetic neuropathy. The characteristics of each are described. Not all the conditions require treatment but they should be differentiated from osteomyelitis. Charcot osteoarthropathy is the most common condition seen but spontaneous fractures and dislocations generally present greater therapeutic problems. The aim of treatment should be to obtain a stable foot in which there is no undue pressure on the skin from a bony prominence. PMID- 7298693 TI - Engelmann's disease and the effect of corticosteroids. A case report. AB - A 13-year-old girl presented with a two-year history of pain in the right thigh and right forearm. Engelmann's disease was diagnosed on the basis of radiological appearances and histological examination of the bone. Her symptoms subsided after biopsy of the bone, but two weeks later she developed severe pain in the left tibia and was unable to walk. Radiological features of Engelmann's disease were found in the left tibia and other long bones although these bones had been radiologically normal one month previously. Treatment with prednisolone gave rapid relief of pain and allowed the patient to become mobile again. Four months later the radiological appearances showed significant improvement. The use of corticosteroids in this disorder is discussed. PMID- 7298694 TI - The pathogenesis of chronic haemophilic arthropathy. AB - Specimens of tissue from haemophilic synovium and articular cartilage were collected from 39 patients during reconstructive surgery. They were studied by histochemistry, electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. The detailed findings are presented and discussed. It is suggested that haemophilic arthropathy is the result of a number of mechanisms affecting the synovial lining which becomes progressively fibrotic and the hyaline cartilage which disintegrates and is eventually lost. Mechanical and chemical processes cause degeneration of cells but enzymatic processes appear to be primarily responsible for the degradation of the matrix of the articular cartilage. PMID- 7298695 TI - An experimental method for investigating load distribution in the cadaveric human hip. AB - A method for direct measurement of the local pressures in the acetabular cartilage is described. Pressure transducers were introduced into the subchondral bone and positioned there in contrast with the cartilage: the transducers were calibrated in situ. Twelve cadaveric hips were prepared in this way and the pressures were measured with the joint loaded in flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and in lateral and medial rotation. The highest pressures were recorded in the anterior and posterior segments of the acetabulum; the lowest pressures were constantly found at the zenith of the joint. The relationship of these findings to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is considered. PMID- 7298696 TI - Late anaerobic haematogenous infection of experimental total joint replacement. A study in the rabbit using Propionibacterium acnes. PMID- 7298697 TI - Articular chondrogenesis. An experimental study in immature rabbits. PMID- 7298698 TI - Calcified aortic plug syndrome. AB - Five women are described with an extremely rare manifestation of atherosclerosis. All presented with upper extremity hypertension and diminished femoral pulses. Three had intermittent claudication. Plain radiography and arteriography demonstrated focal, heavily calcified, mass-like, obstructing lesions that caused a functional coarctation of the aorta. These lesions involved both the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Three patients had visceral artery involvement. Atherosclerosis was diagnosed in the four patients who underwent endarterectomy or bypass surgery. PMID- 7298699 TI - Effect of danazol on the radiographic density of breast parenchyma. AB - We have given danazol to 25 women with mammary dysplasia. Clinical, cytologic and radiographic examinations were made before, during and after this treatment. In 23 patients breast pain disappeared completely. Danazol produced such a decrease in breast volume and density that on the mammogram the parenchyma was much more easily visualized. We suggest that danazol might be given before mammography to high risk women having dense dysplasic breasts, in order to ensure easier and more accurate interpretation. PMID- 7298700 TI - Colonic obstruction within inguinal hernia. AB - A review of the literature reveals that inguinal hernias rarely cause colonic obstruction. Three examples of colonic obstruction associated with inguinal hernia are presented. In two of the patients carcinoma of the colon in the hernia sac was responsible for the obstruction, while in the third, the hernia itself was the cause. Careful clinical and radiographic evaluation is recommended in all patients presenting with inguinal hernia and large bowel dilatation to the level of the hernia, to rule out the presence of an obstructing lesion within the hernia. PMID- 7298701 TI - Mid-foot disassociation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The mid-foot is commonly involved in rheumatoid arthritis with subchondral sclerosis and erosions at the talonavicular joint. There may be a mid-foot disassociation whereby the hindfoot is usually subluxed. Occasionally the forefoot may be subluxed with mid-foot disassociation. In long-standing cases of rheumatoid arthritis there is a loss of the normal plantar arch. PMID- 7298702 TI - Tumors of the pubis: an analysis by probabilities. AB - Three patients with a tumor of the pubis are presented (an aneurysmal bone cyst, a Ewing's tumor and a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma). The concept of a probability index is described and the three pubic tumors are used to demonstrate its role in the radiologic evaluation of bone tumors. PMID- 7298703 TI - Giant geode (subchondrial cyst) in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease on the curist. AB - It is important to be aware of the radiographic features of pyrophosphate arthropathy with or without associated chondrocalcinosis. Accordingly, when appropriate structural joint changes are present an extraordinarily large subchondral cyst should not prompt a misdiagnosis of cystic tumor. PMID- 7298704 TI - The wandering broncholith. AB - In a patient with "stone asthma" the obstructing broncholith moved from one lung to the other and was later spontaneously expectorated. PMID- 7298705 TI - Serial radionuclide liver imaging in Budd-Chiari syndrome. AB - Budd-Chiari syndrome or hepatic vein occlusion may be related to oral contraceptive medication. A patient is presented in whom radionuclide liver imaging contributed to the diagnosis of the syndrome and to the management of the patient. PMID- 7298706 TI - Hypopharyngeal perforation from blunt trauma. PMID- 7298707 TI - Traumatic intraocular air-fluid level. AB - A patient with direct trauma to the orbit was found to have an ocular air-fluid level, apparently the first such case to be reported. PMID- 7298708 TI - Femoral osteomyelitis secondary to diverticulitis. AB - Colonic diverticulitis may result in single or multiple fistulae communicating either internally or externally. We report an unusual case of fistulous communication between the colon and the left hip joint secondary to diverticulitis, with subsequent septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the proximal femur. PMID- 7298709 TI - Vineyard sprayer's lung - a rare occupational disease. AB - "Vineyard sprayer's lung" is an occupational disease found in Portuguese vineyard workers. The radiographic picture resembles that of silicosis with micronodular disease in the early stages and progressive massive fibrosis in later stages, eventually resulting in endstage lung disease. The patients have a downhill course due to respiratory failure. The incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma is also higher than in the general population. PMID- 7298710 TI - Herniation of the heart following left pneumonectomy. AB - After left pneumonectomy cardiac herniation occurred and caused a new radiologic finding, "the displaced chest tube." Diagnostic pneumothorax was helpful. The emergency chest radiograph enables rapid diagnosis of this life-threatening condition. PMID- 7298711 TI - Synthesis of rat myosin light chains in heterokaryons formed between undifferentiated rat myoblasts and chick skeletal myocytes. AB - The control of gene expression during terminal myogenesis was explored in heterokaryons between differentiated and undifferentiated myogenic cells by analyzing the formation of species specific myosin light chains of chick and rat skeletal muscle. Dividing L6 rat myoblasts served as the biochemically undifferentiated parent. The differentiated parental cells were mononucleated muscle cells (myocytes) that were obtained from primary cultures of embryonic chick thigh muscle by blocking myotube formation with EGTA and later incubating the postimitotic cells in cytochalasin B. Heterokaryons were isolated by the selective rescue of fusion products between cells previously treated with lethal doses of different cell poisons. 95-99% pure populations of heterokaryons formed between undifferentiated rat myoblasts and differentiated chick myocytes were obtained. The cells were labeled with [35S]methionine, and whole cell extracts were analyzed on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. These heterokaryons synthesize the light chain of chick myosin and both embryonic and adult light chains of rat skeletal myosin. Control homokaryons formed by fusing undifferentiated cells to themselves did not synthesize skeletal myosin light chains. Control heterokaryons formed between undifferentiated rat myoblasts and chick fibroblasts also failed to synthesize myosin light chains. These results indicate that differentiated chick muscle cells provide some factor that induces L6 myoblasts to synthesize rat myosin light chains. This system provides a model for investigating the processes by which differentiated cell functions are induced. PMID- 7298712 TI - Addition of lipid to the photosynthetic membrane: effects on membrane structure and energy transfer. AB - We have carried out a series of experiments in which the lipid composition of the photosynthetic membrane has been altered by the addition of lipid from a defined source under experimental conditions. Liposomes prepared by sonication are mixed with purified photosynthetic membranes obtained from spinach chloroplasts and are taken through cycles of freezing and thawing. Several lines of evidence, including gel electrophoresis and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, indicate that an actual addition of lipid has taken place. Structural analysis by freeze fracture shows that intramembrane particles are widely separated after the addition of large amounts of lipid, with one exception: large hexagonal lattices of particles appear in some regions of the membrane. These lattices are identical in appearance with lattices formed from a single purified component of the membrane known as chlorophyll-protein complex II. The suggestion that the presence of such lattices in lipid-enriched membranes reflects a profound rearrangement of photosynthetic structures has been confirmed by analysis of the fluorescence emission spectra of natural and lipid-enriched membranes. Specifically, lipid addition in each of the cases we have studied results in the apparent detachment of chlorophyll-protein complex II from photosynthetic reaction centers. It is concluded that specific arrangements of components in the photosynthetic membrane, necessary for the normal functioning of the membrane in the light reaction of photosynthesis, can be regulated to a large extent by the lipid content of the membrane. PMID- 7298713 TI - Thylakoid membrane biogenesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+: cell cycle variations in the synthesis and assembly of polar glycerolipid. AB - The synthesis and assembly of thylakoid membrane polar glycerolipid (glycolipid, phospholipid, and ether lipid) have been monitored in synchronous cultures of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+. A "pulse" protocol using radioactive acetate as the lipogenic precursor was devised to allow assessment of both processes during the 24-h (12-h light/12-h dark) vegetative cell cycle. Under these conditions, acetate incorporation into each chromatographically resolved lipid at the cellular level reliably reflects lipid synthesis, and the appearance of radiolabeled lipid in purified photosynthetic membrane is indicative of the lipid assembly attendant to thylakoid biogenesis. Our results demonstrate that polar glycerolipid is synthesized by the alga and is assembled into its thylakoid membrane continuously, but differentially, with respect to cell cycle time. Synthesis and assembly are most rapid during the photoperiod (mid-to-late G1), reach maximum rates at mid-photoperiod, and are comparatively negligible in the dark (S, M, and early-to-mid G1). The extent to which synthesis and assembly vary within this general kinetic pattern, though, is characteristic of each thylakoid lipid, suggesting that the processes take place in a multistep manner with some temporal coordination among the different lipid types. Parallelism between the cyclic patterns of polar lipid synthesis at the cellular level and of polar lipid assembly into photosynthetic membrane at the subcellular level indicates that lipid production is not only essential to continuing thylakoid biogenesis but is also the critical determinant of the kinetics of thylakoid lipid assembly. PMID- 7298714 TI - Differentiated properties of identified serotonin neurons in dissociated cultures of embryonic rat brain stem. AB - Serotonin neurons in 14-d embryonic rat brain stem were identified by peroxidase antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry with an affinity-purified antiserotonin antibody. Brain-stem tissue was dissected from 14- or 15-d embryonic rats, dissociated and grown in cell culture for up to 5 wk, and serotonin neurons were identified by immunocytochemistry. Within 24 h of plating, serotonin immunoreactivity was present in 3.3% of neurons. Immunoreactivity in neuronal cell bodies decreased with time, whereas staining of processes increased. The number of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons remained constant at 3-5% over the first 14 d in culture. From 14 to 28 d, the total number of neurons decreased with little change in the number of serotonin neurons, such that, by day 28 in culture, up to 36% of surviving neurons exhibited serotonin immunoreactivity. Similar percentages of cultured brain stem neurons accumulating 3H-serotonin were identified by autoradiography. Uptake was abolished by the serotonin-uptake inhibitor, clomipramine, but was unaffected by excess norepinephrine, or by the norepinephrine-uptake inhibitor, maprotiline. Synthesis of 3H-serotonin was detected after incubation of cultures with 3H-tryptophan, and newly synthesized serotonin was released by potassium depolarization in a calcium-dependent manner. More than 95% of serotonin neurons were destroyed after incubation of cultures with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Brain-stem cultures contained virtually no neurons with the ability to accumulate 3H-norepinephrine or 3H-dopamine. Approximately 40% of brain-stem neurons were labeled with gamma-aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA). However, there was almost no overlap in the surface area of neurons accumulating 3H-serotonin or 3H-GABA. PMID- 7298715 TI - Influence of collagen gel on the orientation of epithelial cell polarity: follicle formation from isolated thyroid cells and from preformed monolayers. AB - The influence of collagen gels on the orientation of the polarity of epithelial thyroid cells in culture was studied under four different conditions. (a) Isolated cells cultured on the surface of a collagen gel formed a monolayer. The apical pole was in contact with the culture medium and the basal membrane was attached to the substratum. (b) Isolated cells embedded inside the gel organized within 8 into follicles. The basal pole was in contact with collagen and the apical pole was oriented towards the interior of the follicular lumen. (c) Cells were first organized into floating vesicles, structures in which the apical surface is in contact with the culture medium, and the vesicles were embedded inside the collagen gel. After 3 d, cell polarity was inverted, the apical pole being oriented towards the cavity encompassed by cells. Vesicles had been transformed into follicles. (d) Monolayers formed on collagen gels as in a were overlaid with a second layer of collagen, which was polymerized in contact with the apical cell surface. A disorganization of the continuous pavement occurred within 24 h; cells attached to the upper layer of collagen and reorganized into follicles in the collagen sandwich within 4-8 d. A similar process occurred when the monolayer was grown on plastic and overlaid with collagen, or grown on collagen and covered with small pieces of glass cover slips. No reorganization was observed between two glass surfaces. In conclusion, first, a basal pole was always formed in the area of contact between the cell membrane and an adhesive surface and, second, the interaction of a preformed apical pole with an adhesive surface was not compatible with the stability of this domain of the plasma membrane. The interaction of the cell membrane with extracellular components having adhesive properties appears to be a determinant factor in the orientation and stabilization of epithelial cell polarity. PMID- 7298716 TI - Distribution and induction of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver nuclear envelope. AB - Induction of cytochrome P-450s by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and phenobarbital (PB) and distribution of P-450s in the rat liver nuclear envelope were investigated by biochemical analyses and ferritin immunoelectron microscopy using specific antibodies against the major molecular species of MC- and PB-induced cytochrome P-450. It was found, in agreement with Kasper (J. Biol. Chem., 1971, 246: 577-581), that the total amount of cytochrome P-450s determined by biochemical analysis was markedly increased by MC, but not by PB, treatment. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis, however, showed marked and slight increases in ferritin labeling by MC and PB treatment, respectively. The latter finding was interpreted as resulting from the induction of a particular molecular species of PB-induced cytochrome P-450s. Ferritin immunoelectron microscopic analysis of intact isolated nuclei, naked nuclei from which the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope was partially detached (mechanically), and isolated nuclear envelopes have shown that the ferritin particles are found exclusively on the cytoplasmic face of the outer nuclear envelopes. Neither the nucleoplasmic face of the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope nor the cisternal face of both membranes of the nuclear envelope showed any labeling with ferritin. This indicates that cytochrome P-450 is located only on the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope and does not diffuse laterally into the domain of the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope across the nuclear pores. Our results suggest that a marked heterogeneity exists in the enzyme distribution between the outer and inner membrane of the nuclear envelope and that microsomal marker enzymes such as cytochrome P-450 exist exclusively in the outer membrane. In addition, it appears that cytochrome P-450 is probably not a transmembrane protein but an intrinsic protein located on the cytoplasmic face of the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. PMID- 7298717 TI - Alterations of new methylated phospholipid synthesis in the plasma membranes of macrophages exposed to chemoattractants. AB - Chemotactic factors have been shown to inhibit the methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine in macrophages without affecting total phospholipid synthesis. It would thus be anticipated that newly synthesized membranes of macrophages exposed to chemoattractants would have an increased ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to its methylated derivatives. These ratios were measured directly in newly synthesized phospholipids of plasma membranes isolated from guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. The phosphatidylethanolamine: methylated phospholipid ratio in such plasma membranes was increased by 53 to 111% upon exposure of the cells to chemotactic factors. This increase was due to decreased synthesis of methylated phospholipids and not to altered formation of phosphatidylethanolamine or activation of phospholipases. Methylated phospholipid ratios were also studied in the leading front lamellipodia isolated from macrophages migrating under chemotactic and nonchemotactic conditions. The phosphatidylethanolamine:methylated phospholipid ratios were increased up to fourfold in lamellipodia of macrophages migrating towards chemotactic agents when compared to those from cells migrating randomly. Biophysical changes in the plasma membrane produced by an increase in the ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine:methylated phospholipids as a result of exposure of cells to chemoattractants may be required for sustained directed migration. PMID- 7298718 TI - Inhibition of a nutrient-dependent pinocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum by the amino acid analogue hadacidin. AB - In the present study we examine the effects of the drug hadacidin (N-formyl-N- hydroxyglycine) on pinocytosis in the eukaryotic microorganism dictyostelium discoideum. At concentrations of up to approximately 8 mg/ml, hadacidin inhibited the rate of pinocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextran in cells in growth medium in a concentration-dependent manner but had no effect on cells in starvation medium. Because hadacidin also inhibits cellular proliferation at this concentration, the relationship between growth rate and pinocytosis was studied further using another drug, cerulenin, to produce growth-arrest. These experiments showed no changes in the rate pinocytosis even after complete cessation of cellular proliferation. Other studies showed that the transfer of cells from growth to starvation medium reduced the rate of pinocytosis by approximately 50 percent. A reduction of similar magnitude occurred if cells were transferred from growth to starvation medium containing hadacidin. Also, no additional reduction in pinocytosis occurred when cells that had been treated with hadacidin were transferred to starvation medium containing hadacidin. These cells were able to take up [(14)C]hadacidin in the starvation medium. In contrast to the results with hadacidin-treated cells, cells in a cerulenin-induced state of growth-arrest when transferred to starvation medium exhibited the same 50 percent reduction in pinocytosis observed in cells not previously exposed to either drug. Cells treated with azide, in either growth or starvation medium, exhibited an immediate inhibition of all pinocytotic activity. After the transfer of log-phase cells to starvation medium supplemented with glucose, the reduction in rate was only approximately 10-15 percent. In contrast, a 50 percent reduction was observed after supplementation of starvation medium with sucrose, KCl, or concanavalin A. Maintaining the cells in growth medium containing hadacidin for as long as 16 h had no effect on the rate at which cells aggregated. These results are consistent with the conclusion that D. discoideum exhibits two types of pinocytotic activity: one that is nutrient dependent and the other independent of nutrients. This latter activity persists in starvation medium and is unaffected by hadacidin, whereas the nutrient-dependent activity is present in growth medium and is inhibited by hadacidin. PMID- 7298719 TI - High resolution analysis of the secretory pathway in mammotrophs of the rat anterior pituitary. AB - The secretory process in pituitary mammotrophs was analyzed by quantitative electron microscope autoradiography. Dispersed pituitary cells from estrogen treated female rats were subjected to pulse-labeling with [3H]leucine (5 min) followed by a chase incubation of up to 4 h. Autoradiograms were prepared using fine-grained emulsion (Kodak 129-01), and analyzed using a three-step "mask analysis' procedure: (a) the distribution of autoradiographic grains is determined as in a simple grain density analysis; (b) masks (transparent overlays) are used to generate expected grains from assumed sources; and (c) a computer program compares these two distributions and varies the expected distribution to match the observed distribution, thereby identifying the radioactive sources in the tissue. The overall route of intracellular transport of prolactin from rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to Golgi complex leads to immature secretory granules leads to mature secretory granules was as established in previous studies. However, by use of the high resolution emulsion and method of analysis, the precision with which label could be localized within individual source compartments was much greater and the time resolution was much sharper than achieved previously using Ilford L4 emulsion and simple grain density analysis. The main new findings were as follows: (a) the ER was essentially drained of radioactivity by 30 min, the Golgi complex by 1 h, and the immature secretory granules by 2h postpulse. This indicates that the secretory product (prolactin) is rapidly and efficiently transported out of these compartments. (b) approximately 30% of the total radioactivity remains located in the ground cytoplasm over the entire postpulse period examined (up to 4 h), and by 30 min postpulse the grain density in the ground cytoplasm exceeded that of the ER. This indicates the ability to resolve ER-associated label (presumably associated mainly with secretory products) from the cytoplasmic label (presumably associated with nonsecretory proteins). (c) the specific activity of immature secretory granules was much greater than previously appreciated; at 1 h postpulse it was greater than 200 times that of the adjacent Golgi complex cisternae. This large dynamic range in observed grain density demonstrates the ability to effectively correct for radiation spread and thus to detect with great accuracy high concentration of label even from very small structures (20-100 nm) which constitute a small percentage (less than 1%) of the total cell area. PMID- 7298721 TI - Sperm morphogenesis in wild-type and fertilization-defective mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Taking advantage of conditions that allow spermatogenesis in vitro, the timing and sequence of morphological changes leading from the primary spermatocyte to the spermatozoon is described by light and electron microscopy. Together with previous studies, this allows a detailed description of the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane changes occurring during spermatozoan morphogenesis. By comparison with wild type, abnormalities in spermatogenesis leading to aberrant infertile spermatozoa are found in six fertilization-defective (fer) mutants. In fer-1 mutant males, spermatids appear normal, but during spermiogenesis membranous organelles (MO) fail to fuse with the sperm plasma membrane and a short, though motile. pseudopod is formed. In fer-2, fer-3, and fer-4 mutants, spermatids accumulate 48-nm tubules around their nuclei where the centriole and an RNA containing perinuclear halo would normally be. In all three mutants, spermatids still activate to spermatozoa with normal fusion of their MOs, but the pseudopods formed are aberrant in most fer-2 and fer-4 spermatozoa and in some fer-3 spermatozoa. In fer-5 mutant males, spermatozoa do not form. Instead, defective spermatids with crystalline inclusions and abnormal internal laminar membranes accumulate. In fer-6 mutant males, only a few spermatozoa form and these have defective pseudopods. These spermatozoa retain their fibrous bodies, a structure which normally disassembles in the spermatid. The time of appearance of developmental abnormalities in all of these mutants correlates with the temperature-sensitive periods for development of infertility. The observation that each of these mutants has a different and discreet set of morphological defects, a structure which normally disassembles in the spermatid. The time of appearance of developmental abnormalities in all of these mutants correlates with the temperature-sensitive periods for development of infertility. The observation that each of these mutants has a different and discreet set of morphological defects, a structure which normally disassembles in the spermatid. The time of appearance of developmental abnormalities in all of these mutants correlates with the temperature-sensitive periods for development of infertility. The observation that each of these mutants has a different and discreet set of morphological defects shows that the strict sequence of morphogenetic events that occurs during wild-type spermatogenesis cannot arise because each event is dependent on previous events. Instead, spermatozoa, like bacteriophages, must be formed by multiple independent pathways of morphogenesis. PMID- 7298720 TI - Identification of a synaptic vesicle-specific membrane protein with a wide distribution in neuronal and neurosecretory tissue. AB - Two different monoclonal antibodies, characterized initially as binding synaptic terminal regions of rat brain, bind a 65,000-dalton protein, which is exposed on the outer surface of brain synaptic vesicles. Immunocytochemical experiments at the electron microscope level demonstrate that these antibodies bind the vesicles in many different types of nerve terminals. The antibodies have been used successfully to purify synaptic vesicles from crude brain homogenates by immunoprecipitation onto the surface of polyacrylamide beads. The profiles of the structures precipitated by these beads are almost exclusively vesicular, confirming the vesicle-specificity of the antibodies. In SDS gels, the antibodies bind a single protein of 65,000 daltons. The two antibodies are not identical, but compete for binding sites on this protein. Immune competition experiments also demonstrate that the antigenic components on the 65,000-dalton protein are widely distributed in neuronal and neural secretory tissues. Detectable antigen is not found in uninnervated tissue--blood cells and extrajunctional muscle. Low levels are found in nonneural secretory tissues; it is not certain whether this reflects the presence of low amounts of the antigen on all the exocytotic vesicles in these tissues or whether the antigen is found only in neuronal fibers within these tissues. The molecular weight and at least two antigenic determinants of the 65,000-dalton protein are highly conserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny. The two antibodies recognize a 65,000-dalton protein present in shark, amphibia, birds, and mammals. The highly conserved nature of the determinants on this protein and their specific localization on secretory vesicles of many different types suggest that this protein may be essential for the normal function of neuronal secretory vesicles. PMID- 7298722 TI - Evidence for the sorting of endocytic vesicle contents during the receptor mediated transport of IgG across the newborn rat intestine. AB - Fc receptors on the luminal membranes of intestinal epithelial cells in the neonatal rat mediate the vesicular transfer of functionally intact IgG from the intestinal lumen to the circulation. In addition, there is a low level of nonselective protein uptake, but in this case transfer does not occur. To determine whether a specialized class of endocytic vesicles could account for the selective transfer of IgG, mixtures of IgG conjugated to ferritin (IgG-Ft) and unconjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were injected together into the proximal intestine of 10-d-old rats, and the cellular distribution of these two different tracers was determined by electron microscopy. Virtually all apical endocytic vesicles contained both tracers, indicating simultaneous uptake of both proteins within the same vesicle. However, only IgG-Ft bound to the apical plasma membrane, appeared within coated vesicles at the lateral cell surface, and was released from cells. HRP did not bind to the luminal membrane and was not transferred across cells but was confined to apical lysosomes as identified by acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase activities. To test the possibility that the binding of IgG to its receptor stimulated endocytosis, HRP was used as a fluid volume tracer, and the amount of HRP taken up by cells in the presence and absence of IgG was measured morphologically and biochemically. The results demonstrate that endocytosis in these cells is constitutive and occurs at the same level in the absence of IgG. The evidence presented indicates that the principal selective mechanism for IgG transfer is the binding of IgG to its receptor during endocytosis. Continued binding to vesicle membranes appears to be required for successful transfer because unbound proteins are removed from the transport pathway before exocytosis. These results favor the proposal that IgG is transferred across cells as an IgG-receptor complex. PMID- 7298723 TI - Type I collagen reduces the degradation of basal lamina proteoglycan by mammary epithelial cells. AB - When mouse mammary epithelial cells are cultured on a plastic substratum, no basal lamina forms. When cultured on a type I collagen gel, the rate of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis is unchanged, but the rate of GAG degradation is markedly reduced and a GAG-rich, basal lamina-like structure accumulates. This effect of collagen was investigated by comparing the culture distribution, nature, and metabolic stability of the 35S-GAG-containing molecules produced by cells on plastic and collagen. During 48 h of labeling with 35SO4, cultures on collagen accumulate 1.4-fold more 35S-GAG per microgram of DNA. In these cultures, most of the extracellular 35S-GAG is immobilized with the lamina and collagen gel, whereas in cultures on plastic all extracellular 35S-GAG is soluble. On both substrata, the cells produce several heparan sulfate-rich 35S proteoglycan fractions that are distinct by Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. The culture types contain similar amounts of each fraction, except that collagen cultures contain nearly four times more of a fraction that is found largely bound to the lamina and collagen gel. During a chase this proteoglycan fraction is stable in cultures on collagen, but is extensively degraded in cultures on plastic. Thus, collagen-induced formation of a basal lamina correlates with reduced degradation and enhanced accumulation of a specific heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan fraction. Immobilization and stabilization of basal laminar proteoglycan(s) by interstitial collagen may be a physiological mechanism of basal lamina maintenance and assembly. PMID- 7298724 TI - Induction of polarity in mouse 8-cell blastomeres: specificity, geometry, and stability. AB - We studied the cellular mechanisms underlying the induction of polarity in individual blastomeres of the 8-cell mouse embryo. The ability to induce polarity is lacking in the membranes of unfertilized and newly fertilized mouse eggs, then develops during the 2-cell stage, and is present in membranes of cells from 4-, 8 , and 16-cell stages. The axis of polarity takes 3-5 h to become established and thereafter appears to be stable. Multiple cell contacts affect the orientation of the axis of polarity, and no polarity develops in cells which are totally surrounded. Polarized cells show evidence of an limited capacity for slight adjustments in their position relative to other cells. The implications of these results for the mechanisms by which a blastocyst is generated are discussed briefly. PMID- 7298725 TI - Protein tightly bound near the termini of the Physarum extrachromosomal rDNA palindrome. AB - The genes coding for ribosomal RNa in plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum are arranged palindromically on extrachromosomal rDNA molecules of 61 kb (kilobasepairs). Incubation of mildly extracted rDNA with the 125I Bolton-Hunter reagent results in incorporation of label not removed by SDS, CsCl, or various organic solvents. Labeled protein is preferentially associated with terminal rDNA restriction fragments, as detected after gel electrophoresis of the DNA. Antibody reaction with dinitrophenylated protein-rDNA complexes allows visualization of protein located from 1 to 2 kb from the termini, in a region containing multiple inverted repeat sequences and single-strand gaps. DNase I treatment of either rDNA or rDNA termini releases primarily two labeled protein bands of 5,000 and 13,000 daltons as well as less prominent bands of higher molecular weight. We discuss mechanisms for involvement of terminal protein in replication of 3' ends and chromosomal integration of the rDNA. PMID- 7298726 TI - Freeze-fracture study on the erythrocyte membrane during malarial parasite invasion. AB - Invasion of erythrocytes by malarial merozoites requires the formation of a junction between the merozoite and the erythrocyte. Migration of the junction parallel to the long axis of the merozoite occurs during the entry of the merozoite into an invagination of the erythrocyte. Freeze-fracture shows a narrow circumferential band of rhomboidally arrayed particles on the P face of the erythrocyte membrane at the neck of the erythrocyte invagination and matching rhomboidally arrayed pits on the E face. The band corresponds to the junction between the erythrocyte and merozoite membranes observed in thin sections and may represent the anchorage sites of the contractile proteins within the erythrocyte. Intramembrane particles (IMP) on the P face of the erythrocyte membrane disappear beyond this junction. When the erythrocytes and cytochalasin B-treated merozoites are incubated together, the merozoite attaches to the erythrocyte membrane and a junction is formed between the two, but the invasion process does not advance further and no movement of the junction occurs. Although there is no entry of the parasite, the erythrocyte membrane still invaginates. Freeze-fracture shows that the P face of the invaginated erythrocyte membrane is almost devoid of the IMP that are found elsewhere on the membrane, suggesting that the attachment process in and of itself is sufficient to create a relatively IMP-free bilayer. PMID- 7298727 TI - Kinetochore structure, duplication, and distribution in mammalian cells: analysis by human autoantibodies from scleroderma patients. AB - The specificity of the staining of CREST scleroderma patient serum was investigated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. The serum was found to stain the centromere region of mitotic chromosomes in many mammalian cell types by immunofluorescence. It also localized discrete spots in interphase nuclei which we have termed "presumptive kinetochores." The number of presumptive kinetochores per cell corresponds to the chromosome number in the cell lines observed. Use of the immunoperoxidase technique to localize the antisera on PtK2 cells at the electron microscopic level revealed the specificity of the sera for the trilaminar kinetochore disks on metaphase and anaphase chromosomes. Presumptive kinetochores in the interphase nuclei were also visible in the electron microscope as randomly arranged, darkly stained spheres averaging 0.22 micrometers in diameter. Preabsorption of the antisera was attended using microtubule protein, purified tubulin, actin, and microtubule-associated proteins. None of these proteins diminished the immunofluorescence staining of the sera, indicating that the antibody-specific antigen(s) is a previously unrecognized component of the kinetochore region. In some interphase cells observed by both immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, the presumptive kinetochores appeared as double rather than single spots. Analysis of results obtained using a microspectrophotometer to quantify DNA in individual cells double stained with scleroderma serum and the DNA fluorescent dye, propidium iodide, led to the conclusion that the presumptive kinetochores duplicate in G2 of the cell cycle. PMID- 7298728 TI - Stretch-induced growth of skeletal myotubes correlates with activation of the sodium pump. AB - Skeletal myotubes responded to passive stretch by increased amino acid uptake (as measured with [3H]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid), increased incorporation of amino acids into total cellular protein and myosin heavy chains, and increased accumulation of total cellular protein and myosin heavy chains. These alterations were preceded by an increase in the uptake of ouabain-sensitive rubidium-86 (86Rb+), a potassium tracer used to measure membrane sodium pump activity (Na+K+ATPase). This stretch-induced stimulation of 86Rb+ uptake resulted from a 60-70% increase in the Vmax of the Na pump with little change in the Km. [3H] ouabain binding studies showed no stretch-induced change in the number of membrane Na pumps, indicating that stretch activates the Na pumps that are already present on the cell surface. Since the stretch-induced increases in amino acid transport and amino acid incorporation into proteins were inhibited by ouabain, Na pump activation may be involved in stretch-induced cell growth of skeletal muscle cells by hypertrophy. PMID- 7298729 TI - The relationship of serum fibronectin and cell shape to thrombin-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts. PMID- 7298730 TI - The development of lysosomal apparatus. II. Incorporation, subcellular distribution, and intraparticulate hydrolysis of 131 I-albumin by liver of mice at perinatal stages. AB - Mouse fetuses at 15th and 18th day of gestation, and newborns aging 0, 5, 10, and 15 days were injected i.p. with 131 I-albumin (RISA). The degree of incorporation by liver and the intraparticulate hydrolysis of RISA in 27,000g x 10 min. particles increased after birth. By this time, changes in subcellular distribution of RISA and marker enzymes were also observed. Following an i.p. injection of India ink, numerous hepatic cells stained with carbon particles were observed at the light microscope from day 5 of life. The results suggest that the lysosomal apparatus acquires full capacity to incorporate colloidal particles and to degrade foreign macromolecules in the first week of life. PMID- 7298731 TI - The influence of cellular proliferative history on the susceptibility to oncogenic transformation. AB - C3H mouse 10T1/2 clone 8 cells were serially transferred from passage 11 to 15 with 5 x 10(4) cells seeded per 60-mm dish at each passage. One group of cells was passaged as soon as confluence was reached. Two other groups were kept for 3 or 6 days in confluence at each passage before subculture. Cloning efficiency was found to increase progressively with passage of all three groups. At the 15th passage, cells from all three groups were harvested just prior to confluence, irradiated with ultraviolet light, and assayed for clonogenic survival and malignant transformation. Survival response was the same for all three groups, but cells which were kept constantly proliferating in previous passages were found to be much more susceptible to transformation. These results suggest that the susceptibility of these cells to transformation is influenced by their proliferative history; in particular, intermittent growth quiescence in previous passages decreased this susceptibility. PMID- 7298732 TI - The effects of alterations in the external sodium concentration on human leucocyte sodium and potassium transport in vitro. AB - Human leucocytes incubated in tissue culture fluid of low-sodium concentration (2 mM; iso-osmolarity maintained with choline chloride) reached a new equilibrium within 1 hour and lost approximately 25% of intracellular potassium and 70% of intracellular sodium. The rate constant for ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux fell by more than 50% and the ouabain-insensitive rate constant increased nearly threefold in the low-sodium medium. Total sodium efflux fell in proportion to internal sodium whereas ouabain-insensitive sodium efflux remained unchanged. A reduction in external sodium from 140 to 2 mM was associated with a 75% fall in sodium influx. In the low-sodium medium ouabain-sensitive potassium influx exceeded ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux and no ouabain-sensitive potassium efflux could be demonstrated. Ouabain-insensitive potassium influx and that portion of potassium efflux which is dependent on external potassium fell in parallel in low-sodium cells, suggesting reduced activity of a ouabain insensitive K:K exchange system. PMID- 7298733 TI - Megakaryocytopoiesis in the mouse: response to varying platelet demand. AB - The response of murine megakaryocytopoiesis was studied under conditions of varying platelet demand. Twenty-four hours after mice were given a single injection of rabbit anti-platelet serum, megakaryocyte number and volume were increased, becoming maximal at 65 and 40 hr, respectively. Total body megakaryocytic colony-forming unit (CFU-M) numbers did not change until 90 hr, when a 35% increase in the experimental group was noted. The percentage of CFU-M in DNA synthesis in the experimental group was 38 +/-2% at 24 hr, 49 +/- 1% at 40 hr, and returned to normal (11 +/- 3%) at 90 hr. When mice were made thrombocytotic by platelet transfusions, both megakaryocyte number and volume were decreased compared to controls, while no difference was noted in the number and percentage of CFU-M in DNA synthesis. Finally, experiments were performed to examine the effect of platelet transfusions on regenerating marrow. Experimental mice were given platelet transfusions while control animals received platelet buffer solution. At sacrifice the number and volume of megakaryocytes in the experimental group (platelet count 2.568 X 10(6)/microliters) were less than controls (platelet count 0.363 X 10(6)/microliters), while the number and percentage of CFU-M in DNA synthesis were similar in both groups. These results demonstrate that CFU-M are not immediately responsive to acute changes in platelet demand. The data suggest that megakaryocytopoiesis is structured on at least two levels which are independently regulated. PMID- 7298734 TI - Pulmonary macrophages alter the collagen phenotype of lung fibroblasts. AB - Cultured lung fibroblasts produced and secreted interstitial collagen types I and III. The relative proportion of type III collagen increased as a linear function of cell density, with confluent cultures producing 8.6% type III collagen. When human lung fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of newly harvested lung macrophages, the proportion of type III collagen secreted rose to 15.5%. This high level of type III collagen synthesis was greater than could be induced by withdrawal of serum, a perturbation known to alter the proportion of types I and III collagen synthesized by fibroblasts. This effect on fibroblast phenotype was independent of cell density, as both low and high density cultures of fibroblasts responded similarly when cultured with macrophages. There was no evidence that fibroblasts synthesize new or different collagen types (such as type I trimer) in response to macrophages. Optimal conditions for eliciting an effect on fibroblast connective tissue metabolism required interaction of the two cell types for 5-8 days. These in vitro changes are analogous to the sequence of interactions and changes in connective tissue metabolism seen during recovery from tissue injury. PMID- 7298735 TI - [The calibrating drainage of the common bile duct (C.B.D.). Value of "axial exit" drainage (author's transl)]. AB - The authors believe that utilisation of calibrating drainage is justified in case of difficult restauration of the C.B.D. of normal caliber, either throughout its length or in one segment. They underline that "axial exit" has not the disadvantages of the "lateral exit" of T-tubes. They recall the various modalities of "axial exit" (transcystic, transpapillary, transhepatic, "en seton") and their own contribution to the improvement of the transpapillary drainage by the association of a systematic sphincterotomy. Abstract of their clinical series, technics, postoperative mortality and morbidity, calibrating drainage duration and results (in connection with etiology) are reported. Main advantages of the "axial exit" are the absence of any risk of stenosis on a non dilated C.B.D. (as for the "lateral exit") and the facility for long time calibration up to several years. No hemorrhage, no bile leakage have been observed. The one only risk of this sort of drainage is the premature fall of transcystic or transpapillary drains ; but this disadvantage does not exist for "en seton" drainage. Shortly : "axial exit" calibrating drainage is recommandable when a very long time calibration after restauration of non dilated C.B.D. is necessary. PMID- 7298736 TI - [Post-traumatic discoligamentous lesions of the lower cervical spine : delayed diagnosis of a second lesion (author's transl)]. AB - Unilateral luxation of the lower cervical spine was diagnosed following injury in a patient, an associated severe subjacent ligamentous sprain remaining undetected until a later date. The reasons for the delay in making the second diagnosis are exposed. The possibility of employing peridurography in order to treat these discoligamentous lesions simultaneously, is discussed. PMID- 7298737 TI - [Ectopic spleens. About a spleen of the right iliac fossa (author's transl)]. AB - A rare case of the presence of the spleen in the right iliac fossa is reported. The frequency and signs of ectopic and supernumerary spleens are described, the latter requiring differentiation from peritoneal splenosis. An embryological explanation for the presence of the spleen in the right iliac fossa is suggested. PMID- 7298739 TI - Determination of the alpha,beta-adrenoceptor blocker YM-09538 in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the alpha,beta-adrenoceptor blocker 5-(1-hydroxy-2-[2-(o methoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]ethyl]-2-methyl-benzenesulphonamide hydrochloride (YM 09538) in plasma, using 5-di-n-butylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl chloride as a reagent for fluorescence labelling is described. The detection limit is 20 ng/ml, which is sensitive enough to determine YM-09538 plasma levels after the oral administration of effective doses to dogs and human. PMID- 7298738 TI - Isolation of human haemopexin by bioaffinity chromatography on haeme-sepharose. AB - A preparative procedure was developed for the isolation of human apohaemopexin from Cohn fraction IV or blood serum, based on bioaffinity chromatography on haeme-Sepharose. The isolation is carried out in the pH range 4-8; hence the possibility of degradation of the carbohydrate moiety of the glycoprotein in the acidic media used in other isolation procedures is decreased. Owing to the conditions of the separation and the good stability of the affinity support, the column can be used repeatedly for long periods without a significant loss of binding capacity. The reversibility of the conformational changes that haemopexin undergoes in acidic media was examined by hydrophobic chromatography. The original hydrophobic characteristics were restored only approximately 48 h after haemopexin had been brought into a neutral medium. PMID- 7298740 TI - Measurement of sulindac and its metabolites in human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography assay for simultaneous measurement of sulindac and its major metabolites was developed. The extraction methods provided greater than 89% recovery of sulindac and its sulfone and sulfide metabolites from both plasma and urine. Complete resolution and accurate detection of the three compounds was achieved with a reversed-phase column, UV detection at 254 nm and a methanol-acetate buffer mobile phase. Levels of sulindac and its metabolites were determined in plasma and urine from four volunteers after oral administration of 200 mg Clinoril. Glucuronide conjugates in urine were measured after alkaline hydrolysis. PMID- 7298742 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for endralazine and two of its metabolites in human plasma. AB - Endralazine (I) is a new antihypertensive which is chemically and pharmacologically related to hydralazine and dihydralazine. A sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence assay for the drug and two of its metabolites [methyltriazoloendralazine (VII) and hydroxymethyltriazoloendralazine (VIII)] in human plasma was developed. After conversion of I and its internal standard to triazolopyridopyridazine derivatives the latter and metabolites were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and detected using their fluorescence. The limits of detection of the assay were 1 nmol/l for I and VII and 0.1 nmol/l for VIII. Intra-assay coefficients of variation were 2.5-5.1% for I (range 1000-10 nmol/l), 4.2-4.5% for VII (range 100-5 nmol/l) and 3.4-5.7% for VIII (range 100-1 nmol/l). Following oral administration of 5 and 10 mg of I to two normal volunteers (slow acetylators) peak plasma levels of I occurred between 0.75 and 1 h after the dose, and declined in a biexponential fashion. The terminal half-life ranged from 2.8-3.7 h. These results contrast with those obtained for hydralazine in plasma where in vitro and in vivo half-lives were less than 30 min. PMID- 7298741 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of clomiphene using post column on-line photolysis and fluorescence detection. AB - A method has been developed for the extraction and quantitation of the ovulatory stimulant drug clomiphene from plasma. The cis- and trans-isomers were separated by normal-phase chromatography using chloroform-methanol as the mobile phase. After eluting from the column, the clomiphene was passed through a PTFE photolysis coil irradiated by a powerful UV lamp, resulting in conversion of the isomers to highly fluorescent species. The derivatised material was then detected using a fluorescence spectrometer. Use of this method enables a substantial improvement of sensitivity over UV detection and has permitted the measurement of plasma clomiphene levels in patients receiving clomiphene therapy. PMID- 7298743 TI - Separation of human C-apolipoproteins by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298744 TI - Evaluation of C18 Sep-Pak cartridges for biological sample clean-up for tricyclic antidepressant assays. PMID- 7298746 TI - Measurement of plasma theophylline by gas-liquid chromatography on the stationary phase SP-2510. PMID- 7298747 TI - Determination of metoprolol in plasma and urine by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7298745 TI - Gas chromatographic quantitation of two plasticizers contaminating intravenous fluids stored in plastic containers. PMID- 7298748 TI - Quantitative determination of clobazam in the plasma of epileptic patients by gas liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 7298749 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for plasma dipyridamole monitoring. PMID- 7298750 TI - Efficient extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet quantitation of acetazolamide in serum. PMID- 7298751 TI - Determination of salicylhydroxamic acid, a trypanocidal agent, by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298752 TI - Determination of alcuronium chloride in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298753 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ethionamide and prothionamide in body fluids. PMID- 7298754 TI - Determination of aspirin and its major metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography without solvent extraction. PMID- 7298755 TI - Simultaneous determination of pentoxifylline and its hydroxy metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298756 TI - Determination of midazolam by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298757 TI - Determination of serotonin, its precursors, metabolites and [3H] serotonin in lung by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A rapid, simple, sensitive method for the determination of serotonin, its precursors, metabolites and [3H] serotonin in lung is described. Tissue preparation requires only homogenization in dilute perchloric acid and centrifugation prior to separation by high performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase column. Detection is based on the native fluorescence of indole compounds and detection limits ranged between 30-90 pg injected. The method has been used to determine these compounds in mouse lung and plasma. PMID- 7298759 TI - Polymorphism of urinary 4-hydroxyproline-containing polypeptides. AB - Using molecular sieve chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 and then on Bio-Gel P-30, hydroxyproline-containing urinary polypeptides (molecular weight greater than 1500 daltons) were separated into eight fractions. The three main fractions were separated further on phosphocellulose giving seven, nineteen and twelve peaks, respectively, each containing 4-hydroxyproline. Hypotheses about the origin of certain polypeptides are proposed, which take into account the sequence of type I collagen. Among these 38 polypeptides only one shows a quantitative variation in Paget's bone disease and was thus purified. It consists of equal amounts of glycine, proline and 4-hydroxyproline. This particular polypeptide may originate from the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen. PMID- 7298758 TI - Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin F2 alpha using sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. AB - The development of a "bound-free" separation technique and its application to the radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin F2 alpha is described. The method is simple, rapid, free of non-specific binding and could be performed either at 4 degrees C C or at room temperature. A total of 100 tubes could be subjected to "bound-free" separation in 30 min at 4 degrees C. The bound fraction is collected directly into scintillation vials. The total column length was 9.5 cm, of which the bed volume was 2.5 ml. The PGF2 alpha radioimmunoassay incubation volume of 0.3 ml when bedded in required 1.4 ml of elution buffer to elute the antibody-bound fraction. The free fraction was washed out with 4.0 ml of buffer and the columns were ready for further use. A standard curve of high sensitivity (5 pg) and good reproducibility (CV%: intra-assay = 6.54; inter-assay = 9.68) was obtained. PMID- 7298760 TI - Detection of the changes in protein distribution of rat plasma induced by carbon tetrachloride administration by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - The changes in rat plasma protein distribution after carbon tetrachloride administration were examined using two-dimensional electrophoresis, utilizing isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel in the first dimension and pore gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Drastic changes in amount of protein were observed at more than 20 spot positions including those of transferrin, Gc-globulin and low-density lipoprotein. The time course of the changes was examined, and the most drastic changes were observed at 2 days after carbon tetrachloride administration. PMID- 7298761 TI - Determination of the antioxidant 3-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxy-anisole in rat-plasma using high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - A method is described for the determination of the antioxidant 3-tert.-butyl-4 hydroxy-anisole in rat plasma using high-resolution capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring. Following the addition of the isomer 2-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxy-anisole, used as an internal standard, extraction was made with n-hexane and the extract derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The gas chromatographic separation was carried out on a SE-52 fused silica capillary column and the derivatized 3-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and its isomer detected by recording the intensities of their common fragment ion at m/e 361. The sensitivity of the method allowed the antioxidant to be measured in 0.1-ml rat plasma samples down to a level of 10 ng/ml with a high degree of specificity and accuracy. The method has been applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study in rats after oral dosage. PMID- 7298762 TI - Improved method for selenium determination in biological samples by gas chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic assay employing electron-capture detection for the determination of selenium in biological samples is reported. A calibration curve of 4-nitro-o-phenylene-diamine derivative of selenium as a function of peak area was linear from 5-1000 pg. The limit of detection for the electron-capture detector was approximately 0.5 pg. Recoveries of selenium added to various biological materials ranged from 95-105%. This procedure reduces the number of transfers thereby reducing errors associated with losses or contamination. One advantage of the present method is that interfering compounds occurring in previously employed chromatographic methods are eliminated. This procedure can be used for routine microanalysis of selenium. Samples containing less than 2 ng selenium in 200 microliter of biological fluid can be routinely analyzed using this method. PMID- 7298763 TI - Quantitative determination of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil and its metabolites in man. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) and its metabolites using mu Bondapak C18 and mu Porasil has been developed. Two mobile phases containing PIC-B7 (consisting of acetic acid and 1-heptanesulphonic acid) were used for the separation, and good separations were obtained. With methanol-water (56:44) as the mobile phase, the separation of HCFU and its three metabolites was achieved within 4 min. With methanol-water (32:68) a new metabolite, 1-omega carboxymethylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil, was revealed in human plasma. The recovery of each substance was 80% or greater and the sensitivity was at the nanograms per millilitre level. The coefficient of variation was less than 3.6% for each component. PMID- 7298764 TI - Determination of cytarabine and uracil arabinoside in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the antineoplastic agent cytarabine and its main metabolite uracil arabinoside in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid is described. Complete separation from endogenous constituents was achieved by isocratic reversed-phase chromatography using phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.0) as the eluent. The limit of detection was 50 ng/ml. Day-to-day coefficients of variation were below 10%. The applicability of this rapid, simple and specific method for pharmacokinetic studies and monitoring of therapy was demonstrated. PMID- 7298765 TI - Determination of serum unconjugated estrone, estradiol-17 beta and estriol during pregnancy by selected ion monitoring. AB - A simple, rapid and highly specific method by selected ion monitoring (SIM), using 9 alpha, 11 alpha-[2H2]estrone, [2,4-2H2]estradiol-17 beta and 2,4 [2H2]estriol as internal standards, was developed for the determination of serum estrogens during pregnancy. Serum samples were submitted to a simple extraction procedure and were analysed after formation of the trifluoroacetic anhydride derivative. The inter-assay coefficients of variation for estrone, estradiol-17 beta and estriol were 3.73%, 3.42% and 3.49%, respectively. The results obtained by SIM were compared with analysis performed using radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7298766 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in subregions of rat brain. AB - A quantitative gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric method has been developed for the determination of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in subregions of rat brain. The five subregions analyzed, weighing approximately 2.51 mg each, were globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, ventromedial thalamus, and substantia nigra medical and lateral. The activity of the GAD enzyme has been determined indirectly by measurement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using gamma-[2,2-2H2] aminobutyric acid as the internal standard. Both compounds were quantitatively converted to trimethylsilyl-GABA and trimethylsilyl-[2H2]GABA in 90 min with hexamethylchlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, pyridine and N,O bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide silylating agents. Using selective ion monitoring and electron impact ionization at 70 eV, the limit of detection was 15 ng GABA per mg tissue. This method is compared with a fluorimetric procedure. PMID- 7298767 TI - Modification of the simultaneous determination of alditol acetates of neutral and aminosugars by: gas--liquid chromatography. Application to the fractionation of sialoglycoproteins from bone. AB - A modification of a gas--liquid chromatographic method is described that allows better simultaneous separations of the neutral and aminosugar alditol acetate derivatives as single peaks. using 3% SP-2340 on 100-200 mesh Supelcoport, retention times were relatively short and baseline separation between glucose and galactose was achieved. The method is particularly suitable for monitoring the fractionation of complex mixtures of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, and its application is illustrated in the fractionation of bone matrix extracts subjected to ion-exchange chromatography. A convenient procedure allowing the separation and estimation of sialic acid in the same aliquot is also described and evaluated. PMID- 7298768 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of phospholipids with UV detection: optimization of separations on silica. AB - Chromatography of phospholipids was performed on silica columns with detection by absorbance at 205 nm using mixtures of hexane--isopropanol--water in which the role of water and isopropanol in elution was investigated. One system was developed which provided adequate separation of most major phospholipid species. However, lipids with several ionizable groups were not well separated and gave multiple broad peaks. A second system was developed utilizing sulfuric acid for ion suppression. The behavior of phospholipids in this system was found to be dependent on the presence of quaternary ammonium, amino, or hydroxyl groups. Except for plasmalogen, phospholipids were recovered intact. This system was optimized to provide baseline resolution of essentially all phospholipid species commonly found in mammalian tissues. PMID- 7298769 TI - The use of c8-octyl columns for the analysis of catecholamines by ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - The chromatographic behavior of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine, dopamine, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid on octylsilane (C8) reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns was observed under various mobile phase conditions including manipulations of pH, pairing ion and methanol concentrations. The optimum isocratic conditions permitting quantitative resolution of these substances in minimum time and with maximum detector response were determined. Employing a pH 3.0-3.2 mobile phase comprising an aqueous buffer solution containing 0.1 M NaH2PO4, 0.1 mM EDTA, and 0.2 mM 1-octanesulfonate, admixed with a volume of methanol equal to 4% of the aqueous volume, the performances of the C8 columns compares favorably to that of the more widely used C18 columns. The column eluates were monitored with an amperometric detector utilizing a glassy-carbon flow-cell electrode. The detector response for Ne was 1.5-2.0 nA/ng and the baseline noise was as little as 0.002 nA thereby permitting quantitation of 5-pg levels or more in the injected samples. By coupling the liquid chromatographic system to a procedure which eliminates non-catechol contaminants from the neuronal and body fluid specimens by alumina adsorption of the catechols, a sensitive and dependable method was developed and employed for the determination of catechol levels in discrete regions of rat brain, cat spinal cord, and in human plasma. PMID- 7298771 TI - Isotachophoresis of urinary purines and pyrimidines: the use of spacers and enzymes for identification. AB - An isotachophoretic system is described for the separation and identification of urinary purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides. For a better discrimination and interpretation of the UV profiles, well-defined non-UV-absorbing substances were introduced as spacers. Treatment of urine samples with purified enzymes before analysis resulted in specific shifts in the metabolite profiles, providing a sensitive and specific means of identifying a number of metabolites. With an injected volume of 3 microliters (untreated urine diluted 1:5) the present method allows reproducible separations within 20 min of at least twenty different nucleosides and bases. PMID- 7298772 TI - Quantitative determination of the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine in brain tissue samples using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method, based on a dynamic cation exchange system was used for the determination of physostigmine in brain tissue extracts. The precision and detection limit of the method as well as the extraction efficiency were established. The distribution of physostigmine over several parts of the brain after intravertebral application is reported. PMID- 7298770 TI - Simultaneous quantification of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and four metabolically related compounds by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A method for simultaneously quantifying dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and four metabolically related compounds has been developed, permitting more efficient neurochemical examination of these often interrelated biogenic amine systems. The method uses high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of these compounds on a C18 reversed-phase column with a buffered mobile phase containing methanol as an organic modifier and heptanesulfonate as an ion-pair reagent. Using 5-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine as an internal standard and electrochemical detection, chromatography time is less than 12 min. Sample preparation simply involves the addition of internal standard, homogenization in the mobile phase, centrifugation and injection of the supernatant into the chromatograph. The method is sensitive to a tissue content of these compounds of less than 1 ng. The utility of this method for neuropharmacological- neurochemical studies is illustrated with studies using inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (pargyline) and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (RO 4-4602). PMID- 7298773 TI - Reversed-phase chromatography of urinary metabolites of paracetamol using ion suppression and ion pairing. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proven particularly useful for the study of paracetamol metabolism. Two alternative methods were developed using reversed-phase C18 columns. A rapid ion suppression technique was used for the analysis of free paracetamol, paracetamol mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugate in urine samples obtained from isolated perfused rat kidney preparations, which has conveniently demonstrated the oxidative metabolic capacity of the kidney towards paracetamol. A somewhat longer, but higher resolution, ion-pair HPLC procedure was developed for the analysis of paracetamol metabolites in urine samples from experimental animals. The ion-pairing solvent was composed of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, Tris and EDTA buffered to pH 7.2 with phosphoric acid. Gradient programming was further used to enhance resolution. Using this system two new metabolites, the sulphate and glucuronide conjugates of 3 thiomethyl-paracetamol were detected and routinely determined along with other known paracetamol metabolites, viz. free paracetamol, paracetamol sulphate, glucuronide, mercapturic acid, and cysteine conjugates, 3-methoxyparacetamol glucuronide and sulphate, p-aminophenol and its O-glucuronide and O-sulphate conjugates. Phenolic O-substituted glucuronide and sulphate conjugates of N hydroxyparacetamol were also separated. PMID- 7298774 TI - Simultaneous determination of misonidazole and desmethylmisonidazole in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of misonidazole and desmethylmisonidazole in plasma is described. After plasma is deproteinized with methanol and the diluted supernatant is chromatographed on a C18 reversed-phase column, both compounds are quantitated by means of an internal standard. The coefficients of variation of within-day and day-to-day precision are below 5.0% for misonidazole in the concentration range of 25-250 mg/l and below 6.1% for desmethylmisonidazole in the concentration range of 2.5-25.0 mg/l. Calibration curves are linear and an analytical recovery varying from 97.6 to 99.8% is obtained. The detection limits for misonidazole and desmethylmisonidazole in plasma are 1.4 mg/l and 0.7 mg/l, respectively. PMID- 7298775 TI - Micro-determination of tobramycin in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. AB - A procedure for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of tobramycin in serum is described using pre-column derivatisation with 1-fluoro 2,4-dinitrobenzene and subsequent chromatographic analysis on a reversed-phase column with ultraviolet detection. Gentamicin is used as the internal standard. The sensitivity is 0.5 mg/l with 50-microliters samples. Precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation, is 3% or better in the concentration range 0.5-16 mg/l. The absolute recovery of tobramycin is 41%. The analyses of serum samples obtained in an in vivo experiment correlated well with the results from a microbiological assay. The influence of variation of derivatisation conditions and the implications for the reliability of the internal standardisation were studied. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl tobramycin derivative was synthesized and its structure was proved to be the fully derivatized tobramycin. Side-products of the derivatisation reaction were isolated. PMID- 7298776 TI - Rapid thin-layer chromatography of various weak analgesics in saliva. AB - A thin-layer chromatographic method was developed to analyze phenacetin, 4-amino phenazone and N-methyl-4-aminophenazone (5 and 1.25 micrograms/ml); bucetin (4 ethoxy-beta-hydroxybutyranilide), propyphenazone and N-acetyl-4-aminophenazone (2.5 and 1.25 micrograms/ml); phenazone (15 and 1.25 micrograms/ml); and N acetylsalicylamide (0.25 micrograms/ml). The method was designed to study the bioavailability of different commercial tablets from salivary concentration data. PMID- 7298777 TI - Improved assay for alpha-tocopherol in the picogram range, using gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 7298778 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of homovanillic acid in urine using Sephadex G-10 for isolation. PMID- 7298779 TI - Determination of pyridine dinucleotides in cell extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298780 TI - Nano-scale densitometric quantitation of phospholipids. PMID- 7298781 TI - Determination of pyruvate, lactate, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate in serum by capillary isotachophoresis. PMID- 7298782 TI - Determination of oxeladin in human sera by gas--liquid chromatography with thermionic detection. PMID- 7298783 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of drugs in urine by direct injection on to a reversed-phase column: fluorescence versus UV detection. PMID- 7298784 TI - Determination of 6,11-dihydro-11-dibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid (isoxepac) in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298785 TI - Determination of Ro12-0068, a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic compound, in plasma by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298786 TI - Determination of etozolin and ozolinone in human plasma and tissues by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298787 TI - Rapid liquid chromatographic determination of probenecid in human cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 7298788 TI - Quantitative assay of rifampicin and its main metabolite 25-desacetylrifampicin in human plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7298789 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cephalexin in human plasma, urine and saliva. PMID- 7298790 TI - Fluphenazine determination in human plasma by a sensitive gas chromatographic method using nitrogen detector. AB - This report describes a sensitive gas chromatographic method with the use of a nitrogen detector for the determination of fluphenazine at therapeutic concentrations in human plasma. Fluphenazine was measured as its acetyl derivative. Perphenazine, a structurally similar phenothiazine, was used as an internal standard. The acetylated derivatives were identified by GC/MS. Within day coefficient of variation of the method over the concentration range 0.5 to 10 ng/ml fluphenazine was 6.7%. Fluphenazine concentrations in the plasma of patients receiving the drug orally (as dihydrochloride) or intramuscularly (as decanoate) were measured. There were large interindividual variations both in plasma levels and half-lives of fluphenazine in different patients treated with the same doses. PMID- 7298791 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of indoles in human mouth and saliva using a flameless alkali sensitized detector (nitrogen/phosphorous-specific detector, NPD). AB - A simple and sensitive NPD determination of the indoles in the mouth and saliva of a nonsmoker and a smoker was investigated. The present method using NPD detection was found to be suitable for the analysis of the odors in human mouth based on the indoles. PMID- 7298792 TI - Monitoring bacterial metabolites in cultured buttermilk by high performance liquid chromatography and headspace gas chromatography. AB - A commercial buttermilk culture was added to Grade a skim milk. Samples were analyzed hourly for a total of eighteen hours. Headspace gas chromatography measured changes in acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, and diacetyl concentrations. High performance liquid chromatography measured changes in orotic, citric, pyruvic, lactic, uric, acetic, and propionic acid concentrations. Consumption of orotic acid and citric acid substrates was noted. Production of diacetyl, ethanol, pyruvic, lactic, acetic, and propionic acids was observed. Acetaldehyde concentration increased initially and then decreased as ethanol was formed. Acetone and uric acid concentrations remained constant during fermentation. In addition, chemical changes occurring during refrigeration were measured after seven days. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, and acetic acid increased in concentration; diacetyl, orotic, citric, pyruvic, lactic, and propionic acids decreased in concentration. Also, a headspace gas chromatographic test was done for the quantitation of acetoin. PMID- 7298793 TI - Method for the confirmation of chlorophenols in human urine by LC with an electrochemical detector. AB - A method is described for the confirmation of chlorophenols in human urine. A hydrolyzed urine sample is analyzed by both gas chromatography (GC), and liquid chromatography (LC) with electrochemical detection and the results compared. A discussion of these results, including factors affecting separation, detection, and confirmation of chlorophenols in human urine, is included. PMID- 7298794 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus: detection of virus neutralization and other antigen-antibody systems using infected human and murine cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus-specific antigens can be obtained without preliminary recourse to large-scale culture and purification of the virion. Lytically infected human and persistently infected murine cultured cells expressing RS virus-specific cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens were substituted as priming immunogens and as substrates in solid-phase antibody radioimmunoassays. Seven hybridoma clones secreting murine IgG of either the gamma 1 or the gamma 2a subclass bearing kappa light chains were isolated. Two of the antibodies were specific for cell surface viral antigens, but only one was able to neutralize RS virus infectivity. The five remaining antibodies did not neutralize virus infectivity and were specific for viral antigens associated with large cytoplasmic inclusions as judged by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) analysis on fixed infected cells. Similar IF analysis using live cells revealed that those antigens, associated with the cytoplasmic inclusions in both the human and murine infected cells, were not expressed on the cell surface of the live infected human cells, but were expressed on the cell surface of the live infected murine cells. Monoclonal antibodies generated via the present system will prove useful in the immunological analysis of viral components which are specific pathogenic functions, such as infectivity, and those which may be abnormally exposed at the surface of persistently infected cells. PMID- 7298795 TI - Dissociation of parathyroid hormone bioactivity and immunoreactivity in pseudohypoparathyroidism type I. AB - Circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in six patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism type I (PSPI) have been measured by two immunoassays and by cytochemical bioassay and compared with measurements in normal subjects and patients with clinically defined hyper- and hypoparathyroidism. In all PSPI patients, the levels of immunoreactive PTH were in the hyperparathyroid range, whereas the bioactive levels were either in the normal or close to the normal range. In one patient from whom the dihydrotachysterol therapy was withdrawn, both immunoreactive and bioactive PTH concentrations increased. The finding that the PTH measured by RIA in these PSPI patients may have reduced biological activity may explain some of the clinical findings of hypoparathyroidism in this syndrome. PMID- 7298797 TI - Dopaminergic control of circadian norepinephrine levels in patients with essential hypertension. AB - This study examines the influence of dopamine on recumbent circadian mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) levels and secretory patterns of norepinephrine (NE) in essential hypertension. Nine patients with sustained essential hypertension were studied after they had reached metabolic equilibrium of a constant 100-mmol sodium and 80-mmol potassium intake. MAP measurements and plasma NE determinations were made at 30-min intervals over 24 h during a control (no medication) and a bromocriptine (BEC) period (2.5 mg, three times a day for 5 days). In the control period, a clear circadian rhythm in blood pressure was evidenced in these hypertensive patients, with lowest MAP occurring during sleep. NE was secreted in an episodic manner, with most secretory peaks occurring between 0600-1800 h. Sleep was characterized by lower levels of NE than in waking hours and a paucity of secretory peaks. During the control period, recumbent 24-h MAP was strikingly correlated with plasma NE (gamma = 0.67; P less than 0.001). BEC treatment was associated with a depression in MAP throughout the 24-h cycle and a lessening of the relationship between MAP and plasma NE (gamma = 0.35; P less than 0.025). BEC eliminated much of the circadian variation in plasma NE secretion in these hypertensives. Thus, circadian variations in sympathetic nervous system activity and blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension appear to be modulated by a central and/or peripheral dopaminergic mechanism. PMID- 7298796 TI - Oral contraceptive and postmenopausal estrogen effects on lipoprotein triglyceride and cholesterol in an adult female population: relationships to estrogen and progestin potency. PMID- 7298798 TI - Growth hormone and somatomedin in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - In order to study the interrelationship of GH, somatomedin (SM), and growth in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), concentrations of serum glucose, serum GH, and plasma SM were determined at 2-h intervals for 48 h in 19 ambulatory children with IDDM of at least 2-yr duration (mean duration, 6 yr) and in 9 normal age-matched controls. Serum glucose was significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) in subjects with IDDM compared to controls [287 +/- 15 mg/dl vs. 99 +/- 2 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM)] as was the hemoglobin A1C (11.0 +/- 0.40% vs. 4.59 +/- 0.08%) and the serum GH (8.4 +/- 0.4 ng/ml vs. 5.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml; P less than 0.002). Despite evidence of inadequate diabetes control and elevated GH levels, the subjects with IDDM had normal SM levels (1.82 +/- 0.14 U/ml) compared to their age-matched controls (mean, 1.66 +/- 0.19 U/ml) and normal growth. Furthermore, SM levels did not show any significant diurnal variation in either group. There was no significant correlation in either group between the mean plasma SM concentrations and the mean serum GH or mean serum glucose concentration of each subject. These findings of normal SM levels and elevated GH levels in these children with normal stature and IDDM suggest a partial block in GH action. PMID- 7298799 TI - Sequential serum thyroglobulin determinations, 131I scans, and 131I uptakes after triiodothyronine withdrawal in patients with thyroid cancer. PMID- 7298800 TI - A dose-response curve for human growth hormone. AB - Although human GH (hGH) has been administered to GH-deficient patients for over 20 yr, there are minimal published data on the relationship of response to dose. We have given hGH on the basis of body weight to 93 prepubertal GH-deficient patients over an initial 12 months of therapy. Their annual growth rate while receiving hGH was 5.58 +/- 2.30 (+/- SD) cm at a dose of 30 mIU/kg, three times a week (tiw; n = 27); 7.31 +/- 1.75 (+/- SD) cm at a dose of 60 mIU/kg, tiw (n = 38); 7.22 +/- 3.12 (+/- SD) cm at a dose of 80 mIU/kg, tiw (n = 12); and 8.94 +/- 1.19 cm (+/- SD) at a dose of 100 mIU/kg, tiw (n = 16). Doubling the dose from 30 to 60 mIU increased the mean rate of growth 1.3 times, and increasing the 30 mIU dose by a factor of 3.3 increased the mean rate of growth 1.6 times. The response (y) as a function of the log-dose (x) is defined by the equation y = -3.12 + 5.80 log x. When the effect of hGH is expressed as the increase in growth rate while receiving therapy, the log-dose relationship is defined by the equation y = -6.09 + 5.67 log x. This dose-response curve provides data which are useful in choosing the best dose of hGH for an individual patient. It also allows a more accurate projection of the costs and benefits of hGH therapy. PMID- 7298801 TI - A new method for measurement of the conversion ratio of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in euthyroid man. AB - A new method for the measurement of the conversion ratio (CR) of T4 to T3 in euthyroid man is described. In contrast to previously described studies, this investigation relied on sampling of urine rather than plasma after isotopic labeling of the study subject. The CR value determined in six euthyroid men was 0.482 +/- 0.014. Thus, approximately half of the daily T4 production is converted to T3 as determined by this method. A major advantage of this technique is its reproducibility, as demonstrated by the low coefficient of variation of 6.8% in the study group, which is not significantly different from the 6.7% coefficient of variation for replicate determinations on the same sample. Thus, this method may be useful tool in comparing the CR of T4 to T3 in man under varying conditions even if only small differences in conversion efficiencies exist between groups. One apparent discrepancy observed in the present study is that the calculated T3 produced from the conversion of T4 exceeded the simultaneously calculated daily T3 production rate measured in blood. The cause of this discrepancy is presently unknown, but may represent T3 produced from T4 by renal or extrarenal sources which is excreted without contributing to the T3 blood production rate. However, the reproducibility of the method and the smaller amounts of labeled isotope required show promise that this technique may be useful in assessing T4 to T3 conversion in a variety of altered metabolic states. PMID- 7298802 TI - Peripheral responses to thyroid hormone before and after L-thyroxine therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. AB - Twenty patients with serum levels of T4 and T3 within the normal range but with elevated serum concentrations of TSH were evaluated before and after treatment with L-T4. This therapy increased serum T4 (5.5 +/- 1.1 to 8.8 +/- 1.8 microgram/dl) and T3 (116 +/- 20 to 137 +/- 28 ng/dl) levels. Cardiac systolic time intervals (STI) were significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced by this therapy. The preejection period (123 +/- 18 to 114 +/- 14 msec; n = 12), the change in preejection period (+17 +/- 17 to +6 +/- 15 msec; n = 12), the ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (0.412 +/- 0.068 to 0.357 +/ 0.063 msec; n = 12), and the interval from the Q wave of the electrocardiogram to the pulse wave arrival time at the brachial artery (224 +/- 10 to 200 +/- 13 msec; n = 10) were consistently reduced. Cardiac STI were significantly correlated with serum TSH and T4 levels, but not with serum T3 levels. Normalization of serum TSH levels was associated with changes in QKd measurements even in those patients with minimal elevations in serum TSH. These studies demonstrate that patients having the combination of elevated TSH but T4 and T3 levels in the normal range have alterations in STI which can be changed significantly by L-T4 in doses which normalize TSH secretion. These data suggest that such patients have a mild form of primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 7298804 TI - Adrenergic and dopaminergic modulation of growth hormone and prolactin secretion in normal and tumor bearing human pituitaries in monolayer culture. PMID- 7298803 TI - Defective androgen action at the cellular level in the androgen resistance syndromes. I. Differences between the complete and incomplete testicular feminization syndromes. PMID- 7298805 TI - Comparison of the responses in the nomifensine test with hyperprolactinemia due to prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors and nonprolactin-secreting hypothalamic tumors. AB - It has recently been proposed that nomifensine (Nom) administration discriminates those patients with PRL-secreting pituitary tumors from those who have hyperprolactinemia due to other causes. In the present study, this test was performed on 12 presumed functional hyperprolactinemic subjects, 9 patients with surgically proved PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma (6 microadenoma and 3 macroadenoma), and 7 patients with surgically proved non-PRL-secreting hypothalamic tumors (3 craniopharyngioma, 3 suprasellar germinoma, and 1 suprasellar ependymoma). The Nom test suppressed the plasma PRL level to below 60% of the basal level in all 12 women with presumed functional hyperprolactinemia, but did not alter plasma PRL levels in the patients with PRL secreting pituitary adenoma or hypothalamic tumor. This evidence confirms that the test is, at least in part, able to discriminate those individuals with PRL secreting pituitary adenoma from those without, regardless of the size of the tumor. However, the test is not capable of distinguishing between hyperprolactinemia due to PRL-secreting pituitary tumors and that due to non-PRL secreting hypothalamic tumors. A lack of response to Nom is not necessarily due to the presence of a PRL-secreting tumor, and may be related to dysfunction to the hypothalamic-pituitary system. PMID- 7298806 TI - Serum thyroglobulin levels: the physiological decrease in infancy and the absence in athyroidism. AB - The cord serum thyroglobulin levels of 218 neonates are much higher than the levels after the first year of life and show a wide range. A relation exists between a shorter gestational age and increased thyroglobulin levels. The serum thyroglobulin levels decrease within a few months after birth, but throughout the first year of life, these levels are still higher than the normal values at later ages (5-35 ng/ml). IN 3 athyroid children, thyroglobulin is undetectable in serum. PMID- 7298807 TI - Effect of potassium on PTH secretion from dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. AB - The effects of potassium on PTH secretion were studied in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. Removal of extracellular potassium markedly inhibited low calcium-stimulated PTH release. This inhibition was dose-dependent, with a half maximal effect at 1-2 mM. Above 2-3 mM potassium, there was relatively little further increase in maximal secretory rate, but there was a progressive increase in the "set-point" for calcium-regulated PTH release, analogous to that which we have observed previously with lithium. These changes in secretory function were not associated with any change in cellular cAMP. Low extracellular potassium, however, caused a striking reduction in the ratio of intracellular potassium to sodium, while a reciprocal change was brought about by high extracellular potassium. These studies suggest that alterations in secretory function induced by changes in extracellular potassium, which are phenomenologically similar to those found in states of pathologic parathyroid function in man, may be related to changes in intracellular monovalent cations. PMID- 7298808 TI - Episodic secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin in early pregnancy. AB - The serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was measured at 10- to 60-minute intervals for 4-24 hours in 5 women at 5-8 weeks of pregnancy. hCG was found to be secreted episodically with pulses observed every 2-4 hours. The episodic secretion of hCG may have important implications to our understanding of both normal and abnormal reproduction. PMID- 7298809 TI - [An electromyographical study on the duration histogram of motor units in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298810 TI - [Comparison of angina pectoris induced by upright and recumbent exercise- using systolic time intervals and the indices for myocardial oxygen consumption (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298811 TI - [Behavior of kinin-related substances in the blood of the ischemic heart disease with respect to chest pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298812 TI - [Purification and partial characterization of rat serum transferrin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298813 TI - [Assessment of placental functions using placenta-originating enzymes in maternal serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298814 TI - [Endoscopy of ileocecal region. Investigation mainly on insertion technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298815 TI - [The responses of the corneal primary afferents to mechanical and thermal stimulations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298816 TI - [Observations on the so-called chromaffin cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298817 TI - [Expectation of life for Japanese people (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298818 TI - [The study of F wave in the patients with intervertebral disc herniations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298819 TI - [The change in coronary blood flow in pacing induced angina pectoris and its relationship to anginal pain and ischemic ST depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298821 TI - [Exocrine secretion of pancreas after the administration of ceruletide diethylamine, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and tetragastrin in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298820 TI - [Influence of aging and obesity on serum levels of free amino acids and other ninhydrin-positive substances in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298822 TI - [Pathological studies on the cerebrovascular lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298823 TI - [A histo-pathological study of conduction system and of its supplying arteries in the cases of valvular heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298824 TI - [A study on the negative U wave in variant angina pectoris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298825 TI - [The experimental pathological study on the promoting effect of phenobarbital on the tumor induction by naturally occurring carcinogens in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298826 TI - [Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct (author's transl)]. PMID- 7298828 TI - The origins of the report of the Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health to the Surgeon General. PMID- 7298830 TI - The politics of smoking prevention: a report from the field. PMID- 7298829 TI - Analysis of coverage of tobacco hazards in women's magazines. PMID- 7298827 TI - Influenza in South-East Asia. PMID- 7298831 TI - The need for effective governmental response to hazardous waste sites. PMID- 7298832 TI - Injury control and product liability. PMID- 7298833 TI - Government regulation of the hospital industry in Colorado. PMID- 7298834 TI - A health "draft": compulsory health service in Puerto Rico. PMID- 7298835 TI - Universal hospital and medical care insurance in Canada: utilization and cost performance. PMID- 7298838 TI - Lottery justice. PMID- 7298836 TI - Immigration, emigration, and opting out by Canadian physicians under national medicare. PMID- 7298837 TI - The Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. PMID- 7298839 TI - Effects of an increase in the legal minimum drinking age. PMID- 7298840 TI - Childhood injuries: the community approach to prevention. PMID- 7298841 TI - A separate federal Department of Health: environmental health and other prevention issues. PMID- 7298842 TI - An experiment to test the feasibility of integrating occupational health services into an HMO. PMID- 7298843 TI - Further evidence on public versus private administration of health insurance. PMID- 7298844 TI - Human neutrophil heterogeneity identified using flow microfluorometry to monitor membrane potential. AB - Previous studies of neutrophil nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction in response to endotoxin and rosetting of IgG-coated erythryocytes have suggested functional heterogeneity of peripheral blood neutrophils. In the following study we utilized flow microfluorometry and the membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dye 3-3' dipentyloxacarbocyanine to assess the heterogeneity of neutrophils upon activation by a variety of stimuli. Unstimulated neutrophils from normal subjects exhibited a unimodal distribution of fluorescence, suggesting that all the cells possessed the same resting membrane potential. As neutrophils aged (>5 h), some cells lost fluorescence producing a bimodal distribution. In studies with fresh cells, the secretagogue phorbol myristate acetate (20 ng/ml) stimulated a uniform loss of fluorescence (apparent depolarization). The chemoattractant N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe) (0.1 muM) caused the neutrophils to assume and maintain (for > 30 min) a bimodal fluorescence distribution in which 65+/-5% of the neutrophils first decreased and then increased fluorescence (apparent depolarization/partial repolarization), and 35+/-5% of the cells exhibited either an increase in fluorescence (apparent hyperpolarization) or no change. Treatment of neutrophils with cytochalasin B before stimulation caused the cells to respond homogeneously to f-Met-Leu-Phe. Additional studies using neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, which exhibit abnormal membrane potential responses, indicated that this defect affected all such neutrophils uniformly. These observations demonstrate the need to investigate the physiological significance of the heterogeneity of neutrophil function and indicate that the f-Met-Leu-Phe-induced changes in membrane potential observed in bulk population cell studies are the summation of two different responses. PMID- 7298845 TI - Elevated cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in an adult patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Reduction by a high glucose diet. AB - Elevated levels of cholesterol synthesis are reported for several young children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH) and are considered to contribute directly to their hypercholesterolemia. In contrast, increased cholesterol production has not previously been found in adult patients with HFH. Using the fecal steroid balance technique, we studied rates of cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in a 24-yr-old man who had severe hypercholesterolemia typical of HFH and who lacked skin fibroblast low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity. On an average diet (45% carbohydrate, 40% fat, 15% protein) mean +/- SEM cholesterol (24.8 +/- 1.4 mg/kg per d) and bile acid (11.1 +/- 1.6 mg/kg per d) excretion were approximately threefold higher than normal. When an isocaloric high carbohydrate, low fat diet (90.5% glucose oligosaccharides, 1.3% safflower oil, 8.2% crystalline amino acids was substituted, mean cholesterol (13.0 +/- 0.5 mg/kg per d) and bile acid (8.6 +/- 0.4 mg/kg per d) fell markedly. The decline in fecal steroid excretion was accompanied by modest reductions in plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations and by a softening of cutaneous xanthomata. Although the patient phenotypically and biochemically resembled the HFH state, his family pedigree was not noteable for hypercholesterolemia. While the patient's father had premature cardiovascular disease, his mother had no evidence of heart disease, had normal plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels, and had normal fibroblast LDL receptor activity. Likewise, the plasma cholesterol levels of three other members of the patient's family were normal. Despite the unusual genotypic background of this individual, however, the fecal balance data shows that elevated cholesterol and bile acid synthesis may occur in adult, as well as juvenile, patients with HFH and may be responsive to dietary control. PMID- 7298846 TI - Sulfation of lithocholate as a possible modifier of chenodeoxycholic acid-induced elevations of serum transaminase in patients with gallstones. AB - Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC), through its metabolite, lithocholic acid (LC), is hepatotoxic in certain species. The cause of elevations of serum transaminase in 25% of humans ingesting CDC, however, is unknown, but also may be due to LC. Because efficient hepatic sulfation of LC may protect against hepatic injury, the aim of this study was to determine if sulfation of LC might modify CDC-induced elevations of transaminase. Pretreatment sulfation fraction (SF) was estimated in 63 randomly selected patients with gallstones in a double-blind randomized trial of CDC, 750 mg/d, 375 mg/d, or placebo; in 27 of these, SF was repeated at 1 or 2 yr. In four other patients, the SF was measured at 2 yr only. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase were determined monthly for 3 mo and then every 3 or 4 mo; an elevation of transaminase was defined as > 150% of the normal upper limit in asymptomatic patients. 10 muCi of (3)H-glyco-LC (sp act 84 mCi/mol) was ingested 10-12 h before fasting duodenal biliary drainage. Bile acids in bile were separated by thin-layer chromatography. The SF was estimated as a percentage of total radioactivity (scintillation counting) in sulfated glyco-LC. The standard deviation for replicate SF determinations (n = 311) was 2.1% The pretreatment SF (mean 60.7+/-1.7 SEM) correlated inversely with age (r = 0.336, P < 0.005) and directly with the obesity index (r = 0.495, P > 0.001), but was independent of sex. The SF, remeasured at 1 or 2 yr, did not change significantly with time or CDC. Among CDC treated patients, elevations of transaminase occurred in 75% of patients with a SF < 45% vs. 11% with a SF > 45% (P < 0.001). In conclusion, a SF < 45% occurred in patients with gallstones who had a high probability of developing elevated serum transaminase when treated with CDC. Thus, sulfation of lithocholate may modify CDC-induced elevations of serum transaminase. PMID- 7298848 TI - Effect of cetiedil, an in vitro antisickling agent, on erythrocyte membrane cation permeability. AB - Cetiedil has been reported to relieve painful crises in sickle cell anemia and to have antisickling properties in vitro. The drug alters neither oxygen affinity nor the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S. Because the viscosity of the erythrocyte interior and the kinetics of gelation are dependent on the concentration of hemoglobin, we postulated that cetiedil might inhibit sickling by modifying erythrocyte sodium or potassium movements in a manner that would increase cell water content and thus dilute the cell hemoglobin. The drug has two such effects: it inhibits the specific increase in potassium permeability that follows a rise in cytoplasmic calcium concentration and it causes a rise in passive sodium movements. These effects are further evidence that cell ion and water movements may be important in the process of sickling and suggest a mechanism for the results reported with cetiedil. PMID- 7298847 TI - Stimulation of monovalent cation active transport by low concentrations of cardiac glycosides. Role of catecholamines. AB - The stimulatory effect of low concentrations of ouabain on the Na-K pump in isolated guinea pig left atria was studied in vitro by assessing active transport of the K(+) analog Rb(+). Active transport of Rb(+) was stimulated 20+/-8% (SEM, P < 0.05) above control values by 3 nM ouabain, but was inhibited by concentrations >10 nM. Preincubation with the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (1 muM) completely blocked stimulation of active transport of Rb(+) by 3 nM ouabain. Norepinephrine, 10 nM, increased Rb(+) active transport 29+/-10% (P < 0.02) above control values. The beta-adrenergic agonist l-isoproterenol, 10 nM, increased active transport of Rb(+) by 33+/-10% (P < 0.01) above control levels. This stimulatory effect was abolished if tissues were first exposed to propranolol. Tyramine (0.1 muM), a stimulator of endogenous catecholamine release, increased active transport of Rb(+) 26+/-12% (P < 0.05) above control values. Rb(+) active transport was not significantly changed when left atrial tissues were incubated with alpha-adrenergic agonists or antagonists. Ouabain stimulation of Rb(+) active transport was prevented by in vivo depletion of myocardial endogenous catecholamines by either reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine. These findings indicated that in myocardial tissue, Na-K pump stimulation by low concentrations of ouabain is mediated at least in part through beta-adrenergic effects of endogenous catecholamines. PMID- 7298850 TI - Prevention by granulocyte depletion of increased vascular permeability of sheep lung following endotoxemia. AB - To see whether circulating granulocytes are necessary for the lung vascular reaction to endotoxin, we measured the endotoxin response in chronically instrumented sheep before and after granulocyte depletion with hydroxyurea. Granulocyte depletion did not affect the pulmonary hypertension caused by endotoxin (peak mean pulmonary artery pressures = 38 +/- 2 cm H2O before depletion and 42 +/- 2 after depletion, P = NS). The late phase increase in lung lymph flow after endotoxin was significantly lower in the granulocytopenic animals as reflected by lung lymph flow (mean steady state lymph flow before depletion = 30.6 +/- 2.0 SE ml/h; mean steady state lymph flow after granulocyte depletion = 15.4 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.01) even though late phase pulmonary vascular pressures were similar before and after granulocyte depletion. Lung lymph protein clearance (lymph flow x lymph/plasma protein concentration) was also significantly lower after granulocyte depletion (mean steady state before depletion = 2.14 +/- 1.4 SE ml/h; and after depletion = 10.4 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.01). We conclude that circulating granulocytes are necessary for the development of increased lung vascular permeability to fluid and protein following endotoxin. The pulmonary vasopressor effects of endotoxin in sheep are independent of granulocytes. PMID- 7298851 TI - Short-term effects of synthetic human parathyroid hormone-(1--34) administration on bone mineral metabolism in osteoporotic patients. AB - Since studies in animals and humans have shown that parathyroid hormone can stimulate bone formation and increase trabecular bone, and patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism may exhibit osteosclerosis, we evaluated the effect of short-term administration of human parathyroid hormone, hPTH-(1--34), in patients with osteoporosis. Six patients with osteoporosis underwent detailed studies including blood and urinary measurements of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium; 47Ca kinetic studies; and 18-d balance studies before and during the short-term administration (3--4 wk) of a daily subcutaneous injection of hPTH fragment 1--34 given as 450 or 750 U/dose. The mean fasting plasma calcium values rose slightly after hPTH-(1--34) administration, primarily in the high-dose group. There was no difference in the mean fasting plasma inorganic phosphate levels. The mean daily urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate was significantly increased in patients given the higher dose. In patients given 750 U, net intestinal calcium absorption increased, phosphate absorption increased, calcium balance improved, and phosphate balance improved. In patients given 450 U, calcium balance and phosphate balance worsened. 47Ca kinetic studies showed a minimal increase in bone accretion rate, a decrease in the mean transit time of calcium in the exchangeable pools, and a decrease in the exchangeable-pool size. In all six patients there was an increased renal clearance of 47Ca as a result of hPTH-(1--34) administration. These studies indicate that low doses of parathyroid hormone may promote bone formation, whereas higher doses clearly have an adverse effect on the skeleton. PMID- 7298849 TI - Biliary lipids, bile acids, and gallbladder function in the human female. Effects of pregnancy and the ovulatory cycle. AB - To study the events that might lead to an increased risk of cholesterol gallstones, we examined biliary lipid composition and secretion and bile acid composition and kinetics at different stages of pregnancy or ovulation in young, nonobese, healthy women. Lipid composition and bile acid distribution were determined in duodenal fluid obtained in the fasting state and after stimulation of the gallbladder. Biliary lipid secretion was measured by the marker-perfusion technique. Bile acid kinetics were determined with cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids labeled with carbon13, by measuring the relative abundance of 13C in duodenal bile acids for 4--5 d. In a subset of patients we measured gallbladder storage and emptying during the kinetic study. The phase of the ovulatory cycle had no effects, but there were significant changes during pregnancy. The lithogenic or cholesterol saturation index of fasting hepatic and gallbladder bile increased during the second and third trimesters. The mean secretion rate of biliary lipids was not altered, but in the last two-thirds of pregnancy, cholesterol secretion increased in relation to bile acid and phospholipid secretion. There was a progressive decrease in the percentage of chenodeoxycholic acid and a similar increase in the percentage of cholic acid. The pool size of each major bile acid increased in the first trimester. Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid pools, but not cholic acid pools, subsequently decreased. The fractional turnover rate of both primary bile acids was slower during pregnancy. The synthesis rate of chenodeoxycholic but not cholic acid decreased in a linear manner during the first 20 wk of pregnancy. The rate of enterohepatic cycling of the bile acid pool was reduced throughout pregnancy. The volume of the fasting gallbladder and the residual volume after a physiologically stimulated contraction were directly correlated with bile acid pool size. The residual volume was also directly related to total bile acid synthesis. PMID- 7298852 TI - Oxidant injury of lung parenchymal cells. AB - Hyperoxia and paraquat ingestion are two clinical examples of lung injury thought to be mediated by oxidant mechanisms. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay using freshly explanted 51Cr-labeled lung tissue as the target was used to quantify the ability of hyperoxia and paraquat to directly injure lung parenchymal cells in an environment where indirect mechanisms such as recruitment of inflammatory cells were not possible. There are clear species differences in the susceptibility of lung parenchyma to direct injury by hyperoxia (95% O2) and paraquat (10 microM- 10 mM) for 18 h at 37 degrees C, with human and rat lung being more sensitive than rabbit lung. Oxygen radical inhibitors, particularly catalase (1,100 U/ml) and alpha-tocopherol (10 micrograms/ml), reduced hyperoxia and paraquat-induced lung injury, although their ability to do so depended on the oxidant and the species. The simultaneous use of hyperoxia and paraquat accelerated the in vitro lung parenchymal cell injury in each species tested. These studies demonstrate that both oxygen and paraquat can directly injure the cells of the lower respiratory tract without enlisting the aid of additional blood-derived inflammatory cells. In addition, the 51Cr-labeled lung explant assay used for these studies allows for the quantitative assessment of direct lung cell injury and thus may prove useful as an in vitro model by which to investigate lung injury of other etiologies. PMID- 7298853 TI - Hemostatic function, survival, and membrane glycoprotein changes in young versus old rabbit platelets. AB - Although in vitro studies have demonstrated functional differences between young and old platelets, in vivo differences have not been precisely established. Therefore the in vivo hemostatic function of young and old platelets and the survival time have been examined in rabbits. The hemostatic function was measured by performing serial ear bleeding times in irradiation-induced thrombocytopenic rabbits. After irradiation with 930 rad the platelet count gradually diminished reaching a nadir ( approximately 20 x 10(3)/mul) at 10 d. The platelets present in the circulation, 7-10 d after irradiation, were considered old platelets, and the platelets present after recovery, 11-14 d postirradiation, young platelets. The measurement of platelet size was consistent with the hypothesis that platelets become smaller with age: the mean size was 3.84 mum(3) for old platelets and 5.86 mum(3) for young platelets. Regression analysis of the relationship between the bleeding time and the platelet count in 18 rabbits showed a significantly different slope for rabbits with predominantly old platelets compared with rabbits with predominantly young platelets (P < 0.001). Young platelets were more effective giving much shorter bleeding times than old platelets at comparable platelet counts. Survival times of young and old platelets were measured using platelets harvested on day 8 postirradiation (old platelets) and day 12 postirradiation (young platelets) that were labeled and then reinjected into normal recipient animals. The mean platelet survival time, calculated by gamma function, of old platelets was 28.8 h; of young platelets, 87.4 h; and of normally circulating heterogeneous platelets, (normal platelets) 53.0 h. Notably, the survival of old platelets was found to be exponential, and of young platelets, linear. Analysis of the membrane glycoproteins in young, old and normal platelets indicated that there was no qualitative difference amongst the young, normal, and old platelets. The relative relationship among all the glycoprotein peaks was equal and the only changes observed were quantitative, with young platelets having significantly more membrane glycoprotein per cell than old platelets and normal platelets. Normal platelets had intermediate concentrations of each glycoprotein. These results demonstrate that young platelets are hemostatically more effective in vivo than old platelets. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that platelets age in the circulation by losing membrane fragments and then after becoming senescent, are removed from the circulation by a random process. PMID- 7298854 TI - Abnormal high density lipoproteins in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. AB - The plasma lipoprotein profiles and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were characterized in patients with the genetic disease cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). Abnormalities in the HDL may contribute to their increased atherogenesis and excessive deposits of tissue sterols in the presence of low or low-normal concentrations of plasma cholesterol (165 +/- 25 mg/dl) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). The mean HDL-cholesterol concentration in the CTX plasmas was 14.5 +/- 3.2 mg/dl, about one-third the normal value. The low HDL-cholesterol reflects a low concentration and an abnormal lipid composition of the plasma HDL. Relative to normal HDL, the cholesteryl esters are low, free cholesterol and phospholipids essentially normal, and triglycerides increased. The ratio of apoprotein (apo) to total cholesterol in the HDL of CTX was two to three times greater than normal. In the CTX HDL, the ratio of apoAI to apoAII was high, the proportion of apoC low, and a normally minor form of apoAI increased relative to other forms. The HDL in electron micrographs appeared normal morphologically and in particle size. The abnormalities in lipoprotein distribution profile and composition of the plasma HDL result from metabolic defects that are not understood but may be linked to the genetic defect in bile acid synthesis in CTX. As a consequence, it is probable that the normal functions of the HDL, possibly including modulation of LDL-cholesterol uptake and the removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues, are perturbed significantly in this disease. PMID- 7298855 TI - Reaccumulation of thyroglobulin and colloid in rat and mouse thyroid follicles during intense thyrotropin stimulation. A clue to the pathogenesis of colloid goiters. AB - Since Marine's observations some 50 years ago, it has been generally accepted that colloid goiters invariably result from colloid repletion of originally hyperplastic goiters after cessation of the goitrogenic stimulus. However, clinical observations suggest that many goiters never go through a stage of hyperplasia, but are colloid-rich from the beginning. We have injected rats and mice with thyrotropin (TSH), three times a day for 4 d, while the animals were kept on an iodine-rich diet (HID). Additional groups of animals were fed an iodine-poor diet (LID) or a diet containing 0.15% propylthiouracil (PTU) or 1% sodium perchlorate (ClO4). At intervals, thyroid weight, DNA, iodine and thyroglobulin content, thyroglobulin iodination, and intracellular droplet formation were measured. Histologic sections were also prepared and stained with periodic acid Schiff. Furthermore, thyroxine concentration was measured in the serum. Thyroglobulin content dropped by approximately 30% in HID animals but by 60% in all other groups 1 d after starting TSH. Thereafter, thyroglobulin reaccumulation occurred and droplet formation correspondingly decreased despite continuous heavy TSH stimulation. The largest amount of thyroglobulin was reaccumulated in HID animals followed by the PTU/LID groups, whereas no reaccumulation was observed in the ClO4 group. Reaccumulation of thyroglobulin only occurred if there was concomitant organification of at least some iodine. The subsequent phases of depletion and reaccumulation of thyroglobulin were mirrored by the morphology of the follicular lumina, the staining properties of the colloid and the serum T4 concentration. These observations suggest that endocytosis gradually becomes refractory to continuous TSH stimulation if a certain minimal amount of iodine is available for organic binding. Thus, primarily colloid-rich goiters may form in the presence of continuously higher than normal thyrotropin levels without a previous stage of follicular hyperplasia. The view should be revised that accumulation of colloid and intense thyrotropin stimulation are mutually exclusive events. PMID- 7298857 TI - Radioimmunoassay for colchicine: synthesis and properties of three haptens. AB - For the development of radioimmunoassay procedures for colchicine, three haptens, N-ethylamino-colchiceinamide, 4-formylchochicine - (O-carboxymethyl) oxime and 4 hydroxymethylcolchicine O-hemisuccinic acid were synthetized and characterized by mass and proton magnetic resonance spectrometries. The conjugates obtained by coupling the haptens to bovine serum albumin were employed to immunize rabbits and goats. PMID- 7298856 TI - Suppression of atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbit treated with nifedipine. AB - We tested the effects of nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, on atherogenesis in rabbits fed a 2% cholesterol diet. The drug was given orally, 40 mg/dl, and control rabbits received placebo. Nifedipine was well tolerated, and evoked only transient, moderate reductions in arterial pressure. Plasma total cholesterol after 8 wk before killing the rabbits was similar in the placebo and nifedipine treated groups, averaging 1,903 +/- 138 (n = 13) and 1,848 +/- 121 mg/dl (n = 13; mean +/- SE; P greater than 0.8). In placebo-treated rabbits, aortic lesions stainable with Sudan IV covered 40 +/- 5% of the intimal surface, and the cholesterol concentration in aortic tissue was 47 +/- 5 mg/g protein. Corresponding values for the aortas from nifedipine-treated rabbits were significantly lower and averaged 17 +/- 3% (P less than 0.001) and 29 +/- 2 mg/g protein (P less than 0.001). We conclude that nifedipine suppressed atherogenesis without reducing hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 7298858 TI - A radioimmunoassay for methotrexate adapted to the Centria System 2. AB - An automated radioimmunoassay for methotrexate using an iodinated tracer has been applied to the centrifugal analyser, Centria System 2. Results obtained for serum samples correlated closely with those using a manual radioimmunoassay method. A major advantage of the assay is its potential for processing large numbers of samples rapidly, making it highly suitable for routine clinical use. PMID- 7298859 TI - An evaluation of a ward pharmacy service. AB - An evaluation of a ward pharmacy service showed: 1. Its introduction led to a 40 50% reduction in errors and ambiguities of prescribing. 2. It assisted in the safe and more effective use of medicines in hospitals. 3. Medical staff particularly valued the safety checking applied to their prescriptions and the patient's total medication profile, and the opportunity of seeking information about drugs. Nursing staff most appreciated the checking and clarifying elements which assisted during the administration of drugs, the promotion of the most effective use of medicines and the opportunity of discussing problems of drug therapy. PMID- 7298861 TI - An evaluation of 'Inpharma', a drug literature abstracting service. AB - This study aimed to provide data on the characteristics of the drug literature abstracting service 'Inpharma'. Journal coverage, article yield and timeliness for a 3-year period were examined; the reliability and information content of 100 abstracts were also assessed. It was found that although 'Inpharma' is claimed to monitor a very large number of journals, over 98% of the abstracts were from 'core' journals of which there are approximately 350. Over 80% of the abstracts appeared within 4 months of publications of the original and abstracts from some of the American journals were available in the United Kingdom before the relevant primary journal. Sixteen errors were detected in 100 abstracts; five of these were typographical errors and nine deviations in accuracy. The publication is a good 'current awareness tool' but it should not be used where a comprehensive coverage of the literature is required. It is also important that the primary journal is consulted when detailed information is required. PMID- 7298863 TI - The Hereford Hospital Prescribing Study. Investigation of methods to identify patients with adverse drug reactions. AB - Four investigatory procedures are described for the detection of patients with possible adverse drug reactions. These were evaluated using computer data from the Hereford Hospital Prescribing Study. 120 patients receiving Indomethacin were studied from the total data base of 2,852 admissions during 1977. From this study, two of the methods involving the identification of the discontinuation of drug therapies and the prescribing of 'antidotes' seemed to be the most useful. These methods were also applicable to the routine monitoring of prescription sheets by ward pharmacists. PMID- 7298860 TI - In-use contamination of intravenous fluids. PMID- 7298862 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of cyclosporin A in plasma. AB - A sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of Cyclosporin A in plasma. Cyclosporin A was isolated from methanol-precipitated plasma using miniature compressed silica reverse-phase columns (Sep-Paks). In the method, 1 ml serum is precipitated in 3 ml methanol. After centrifugation 2 ml of supernatant is diluted in 1 ml water and the sample flushed through a washed Sep-Pak. The sample on the miniature column is washed with water and 75% v/v methanol, and Cyclosporin A is eluted in 1 ml methanol. At least 80% of the drug is recovered. Samples are analyzed on a reverse-phase column, the mobile phase is methanol:water (95:5) and detection is conducted at 205 nm. The detection limits were less than 100 ng/ml, but in plasma some interference was observed, especially at concentrations below 1000 ng/ml. PMID- 7298864 TI - The ability of patients to swallow capsules. PMID- 7298865 TI - Absorption of isosorbide dinitrate by PVC infusion bags and administration sets. AB - Isosorbide dinitrate is shown to be absorbed onto PVC bags and administration sets, resulting in a fall in potency to about 70-80% of its initial value in the first 15-30 min of an i.v. infusion. The drug was not absorbed by glass or polypropylene. PMID- 7298866 TI - On the definition of cannabinoids: botanical? chemical? pharmacological? AB - Cannabinoids (or presumed synonyms such as cannabinols or cannabis-like agents) have been variously defined in botanical, chemical, or pharmacological terms, with unfortunate consequences. Botanical definitions include inactive substances such as cannabigerol, as well as alkaloids and other secondary constituents of Cannabis sativa, but exclude synthetics such as levonantradol and nabilone. Chemical definitions include inactive close analogs of THC but exclude a growing number of substances structurally remote from THC that share its actions. Pharmacological definitions have depended on relatively nonspecific or vague behavioral endpoints. However, animal testing methodology has recently been developed that can identify and quantify agents that share THC's unique subjective effects. To avoid preexisting ambiquity in the word cannabinoids, the term cannabimimetics has been coined to include all such agents, regardless of origin or structure. Such a classification emphasizes research toward improved biological selectivity and therapeutic advance. While no totally noncannabimimetic agents with potent analgesic effects have yet been identified among derivatives of THC, selectivity has been uncovered for levonantradol, HHC (racemic-9-nor, 9-beta-OH-hexahydrocannabinol) and several structurally related compounds. PMID- 7298867 TI - Quality of life: some theoretical issues. AB - The concept "quality of life" is becoming increasingly popular in both the medical and general press. However, from a literature survey of approximately 100 scientific publications in which this concept was used, it appeared that rarely is a definition of this term given. Therefore, it seems useful to formulate several guiding principles: (1) "Quality of life" apparently is too vague a concept. It seems more sensible to isolate a number of relevant factors and to choose the best operational definition possible. The following factors may be considered: daily activity, pattern of complaints, subjective feeling of well being, and sexual behavior. Based upon these factors one composite score of psychological and social consequences should be developed, analogous to an IQ test. (2) The patient is the sole authority concerning questions on "quality of life." (3) The concept "quality of life" should indicate more than a person's momentary well being, since this is dependent on mood, physiologic state, accidental events, etc. It is not the situation at one specific point which should be considered but the situation over a certain period. (4) Questions concerning "quality of life" should be put relatively. For example, does a person have more or less complaints during one period as compared to another? A second possibility is to compare a person's answers to those of a carefully chosen control group. It is essential to keep in mind that these psychologic measures are descriptive; they indicate how patients feel during a certain period concerning the above-mentioned areas and are definitely not normative in the sense of stating what is or is not desirable. PMID- 7298868 TI - Pharmacokinetics of levonantradol in laboratory animals and man. AB - Levonantradol exhibits potent analgetic activity in standard animal tests and appears not to act directly at opiate receptors. It is currently in clinical trials as an analgesic and antiemetic. The pharmacokinetic behavior of levonantradol, administered orally or intramuscularly, has been investigated in man at dose levels of 0.25 to 3.0 mg and in animals at 0.03 to 10 mg/kg, using a specific HPLC/electrochemical assay. Only desacetyllevonantradol is detected in plasma, due to rapid in vivo deacetylation of levonantradol. In man, at the various doses tested, plasma concentrations of desacetyllevonantradol range from less than 5 to 51 ng/ml. Comparable plasma levels and clinical activity occur at nearly identical doses after oral and intramuscular dosing, suggesting good oral absorption in man. In animals, desacetyllevonantradol has a time of peak concentration of 1 to 2 hours and an elimination half-life of 1 to 2 hours. In animals, a tenfold higher oral dose is needed to achieve the same plasma drug levels as that after an intramuscular dose, suggesting extensive first-pass metabolism following oral administration. Little or no evidence for drug accumulation and sex differences in plasma concentrations of desacetyllevonantradol is noted during chronic intramuscular dosing in laboratory animals. PMID- 7298869 TI - Effects of levonantradol on habituation of startle in rats. AB - Levonantradol, a nonopioid analgetic related to cannabinoids, produced a dose dependent impairment of the habituation of startle response in rats. Startle was elicited by air-puff stimuli and monitored in stabilimeters by a computer. Habituation was assessed by presenting the same tactile stimulus repeatedly at 15 second intervals. While a dose of 0.1 mg/kg reduced startle on all trials, doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg had no effect on the initial level of reactivity to the first several stimuli but did impair the habituation of startle. This effect was not attributable to the time course of the drug's action and was also found with acoustic stimuli. The relatively inactive enantiomer of levonantradol was ineffective at 0.1 mg/kg. Thus, startle appears to be a sensitive measure of the effects of levonantradol in animals. Since comparable phenomena can be demonstrated in humans by measuring the blink reflex component of startle, direct comparisons can potentially be made across species. PMID- 7298870 TI - Biological activity of cannabichromene, its homologs and isomers. AB - Cannabichromene (CBC) is one of four major cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. and is the second most abundant cannabinoid in drug-type cannabis. Cannabichromene and some of its homologs, analogs, and isomers were evaluated for antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. Antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and the erythrocyte membrane stabilization method. In both tests, CBC was superior to phenylbutazone. Antibacterial activity of CBC and its isomers and homologs was evaluated using gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria. Antifungal activity was evaluated using yeast-like and filamentous fungi and a dermatophyte. Antibacterial activity was strong, and the antifungal activity was mild to moderate. PMID- 7298871 TI - Effects of moderate and high doses of marihuana on thermal pain: a sensory decision theory analysis. AB - Sixteen habitual marihuana users, selected for their good mental and physical health, were hospitalized for three months in the New York State Psychiatric Institute. During the first month, the subjects were drug free; during the second month, they smoked marihuana cigarettes provided by NIDA (2% THC, 20 mg per cigarette) at the rate of 3 to 12 a day. A modified Hardy-Wolff dolorimeter was used to present 20 thermal stimuli of 30-second duration in a random manner at nine different intensities. Subjects responded from a 14-category scale, and data were analyzed according to sensory decision theory analysis. During the third month, the subjects were again drug free. At the noxious thermal intensities, there was a decrease in the pain report criterion during the first two weeks of smoking. The pain enhancement effect was followed by return to the presmoking pain level during weeks 3 and 4 and in the postsmoking period, indicating that tolerance had developed. There was also an increase in pain discriminability during the four weeks of smoking which extended for one week after smoking. Tolerance developed to the pain report criterion but not to the thermal discriminability. This study suggests that marihuana may have hyperalgesic activity and probably enhances the perception of pain, in moderate smokers. In contrast, heavy smoking had little effect on discriminability and caused an increase in the pain report criterion. PMID- 7298872 TI - Effects of morphine, levonantradol, and N-methyllevonantradol on shock intensity discrimination. AB - The effects of morphine, levonantradol, and N-methyllevonantradol administered to squirrel monkeys by intramuscular injection were examined on an electric shock discrimination test. Two discrete responses were used to measure discrimination of the presence or absence of a shock at two different intensities (0.45 and 0.15 mA). The percentage of responses that were correct, the response latency, and the response probability in the presence or absence of shock were determined. Morphine (0.3-1.0 mg/kg) decreased the percentage of correct responses in the presence of both shock intensities, although effects at the higher intensity were slight. Levonantradol (0.017-0.03 mg/kg) and N-methyllevonantradol (0.01-0.017 mg/kg) only decreased the percentage of correct responses at the lower shock intensity, Neither morphine, levonantradol, nor N-methyllevonantradol consistently decreased the percentage of correct responses in the absence of shock. Morphine, levonantradol, and N-methyllevonantradol also produced dose related increases in response latency both in the presence and absence of shock; increases in response latency were greater in the absence of shock than in the presence of shock. PMID- 7298873 TI - Antiepileptic potential of cannabidiol analogs. AB - In audiogenic seizure (AGS) susceptible rats, the acute (intraperitoneal and intravenous) dose-response effects of (--)-cannabidiol (CBD) for preventing AGS and for causing rototod neurotoxicity (ROT) were determined. Also, the anti-AGS and ROT effects of 10 CBD analogs, given in intravenous doses equivalent to the AGS-ED50 (15 mg/kg) and ROT-ID50 (31 mg/kg) of CBD, were ascertained. Compared to CBD, (--)-CBD diacetate and (--)-4-(2'-olivetyl)-alpha-pinene were equally effective whereas (--)-CBD monomethyl ether, (--)-CBD dimethyl ether, (--)-3' acetyl-CBD monoacetate, (+)-4-(2'-olivetyl)-alpha-pinene, (--)-and (+)-4-(6' olivetyl)-alpha-pinene, (+/-)-AF-11, and olivetol were less effective anticonvulsants. Except for (--)- and (+)-4-(2'-olivetyl)-alpha-pinene and olivetol, all analogs showed less ROT than CBD. Also, CBD and all analogs were not active in tetrahydrocannabinol seizure-susceptible rabbits, the latter a putative model of cannabinoid psychoactivity in humans. These data suggest anticonvulsant requirements of 2 free phenolic hydroxyl groups, exact positioning of the terpinoid moiety in the resorcinol system and correct stereochemistry. Moreover, findings of separation of anticonvulsant from neurotoxic and psychoactive activities, notably with CBD diacetate, suggest that additional structural modifications of CBD may yield novel antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 7298874 TI - Isolation of ocular hypotensive agents from Cannabis sativa. AB - Recent work in our laboratories has shown that a hydrophilic fraction from Cannabis sativa (marihuana) has extremely potent intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering activity as measured in albino rabbits when delivered by intravenous injection. A crude extract reduced IOP by 50-60 per cent (to the episcleral venous pressure) at dosage levels of about 500 micrograms/animal. Fractionation of this material by solvent extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography has produced samples with high activity at 50 micrograms/animal. The active material has been shown to be noncannabinoid and of high molecular weight. PMID- 7298876 TI - Oral levonantradol in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis: preliminary observations. AB - Levonantradol, a new synthetic cannabinoid, was examined for antiemetic effectiveness in 27 patients with refractory chemotherapy-induced emesis. Thirty one courses of levonantradol were administered orally beginning 2 hours before chemotherapy and continuing every 4 hours for a minimum of 12 to 24 hours at one of three different dose levels. At the 0.5-mg dose, 14 patients were evaluable with seven partial response (50 per cent) and one complete response (7 per cent). At the 1.0-mg dose, 11 patients were evaluable with five partial responses (45 per cent) and three complete responses (27 per cent). Only one patient has thus far been treated at the 1.5-mg dose with no response noted. Side effects observed included somnolence (90 per cent), dry mouth (83 per cent), dizziness (67 per cent), decreased concentration (40 per cent), dysphoria (33 per cent), and altered perception (30 per cent). Euphoria ("high") was infrequent (9 per cent). No relationship between dose (0.5 and 1.0 mg) and side effects was observed. There was a suggestion of improved antiemetic efficacy at the 1.0-mg dose. Although this study is preliminary, it appears that levonantradol is a relatively well-tolerated oral antiemetic that deserves further evaluation. PMID- 7298875 TI - Levonantradol for chemotherapy-induced emesis: phase I-II oral administration. AB - Thirty five patients were enrolled into a Phase I-II study of oral levonantradol being tested as an antiemetic for chemotherapy patients who were refractory to the aggressive use of standard antiemetic agents. Sixty-nine total courses were given. Dysphoric reactions (fear, anxiety, hallucinations) were the most serious side effects, and were most prevalent at the highest dose tested (2.0 mg q4h). Somnolence, a "high" feeling, hypotension were also noted. Antiemetic responses were seen at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg dose levels: the two intermediate doses gave responses comparable to those previously reported for oral THC. It is suggested that a combination of oral and parenteral levonantradol may prove to be a very effective program to relieve the otherwise disabling problems of persistent nausea and vomiting. PMID- 7298877 TI - Clinical experience with levonantradol hydrochloride in the prevention of cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. AB - Reports suggesting that delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) had a potent antiemetic effect in patients treated with cancer chemotherapeutic agents led to the synthesis of other cannabinol derivatives with possibly less side effects. We report here our initial observations with the antiemetic levonantradol in 12 patients with advanced solid tumors receiving cytotoxic polychemotherapy. All patients had a history of vomiting and nausea without successful treatment with standard antiemetic drugs in previous, identical chemotherapy cycles. No other antiemetic or psychoactive drugs were given. Patients received 1 mg levonantradol i.m. 2 hours before as well as 2 and 6 hours after cytotoxic treatment. When compared to the last course of chemotherapy with alternate antiemetic drugs, we found that 11/12 patients had less nausea and vomiting when treated with levonantradol. 8/12 Patients considered the antiemetic treatment with levonantradol better than the one given before. The following side effects were observed: 4 patients complained of pain and local irritation after injection. 2 patients showed a fall in blood pressure, especially orthostatic hypotension. 8 patients complained of sedation and drowsiness. 7 patients experienced psychic side effects, such as decrease of vigilance and reaction, altered sense of timing, body image distortions and even depersonalization. Levonantradol is a potent antiemetic drug but its applicability, especially in outpatients, may be complicated by a high incidence of side effects. PMID- 7298878 TI - The effects of levonantradol hydrochloride on tumor growth and therapy. AB - The effects of levonantradol on tumor growth, both directly and in combination with the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide, were determined. Levonantradol hydrochloride administered alone had no effect on the progression of either murine sarcoma 180J or leukemia L-1210. Likewise, the increased survival obtained in both tumor systems with cyclophosphamide was not altered by concurrent administration of levonantradol hydrochloride. Levonantradol did not affect the incidence or extent of artificial melanotic lung metastases, nor did it modify lymphoreticular cell stimulation. These data support the use of levonantradol in conjunction with chemotherapy in cancer patients. PMID- 7298880 TI - A tardive dyskinesia-like syndrome after amitriptyline treatment. PMID- 7298879 TI - Lithium and marijuana. PMID- 7298881 TI - Right to refuse treatment: a new approach. PMID- 7298882 TI - Psychiatrists win a round in the right to refuse treatment controversy. PMID- 7298883 TI - Antidepressants: the second harvest and DSM-III. PMID- 7298884 TI - Indications and guidelines for plasma tricyclic antidepressant concentration monitoring. AB - Some tricyclic antidepressants appear to have critical ranges of plasma tricyclic antidepressant concentrations necessary for optimal clinical efficacy. For any given dose of tricyclic medication, there are marked interindividual variations in steady-state tricyclic concentrations. Furthermore, plasma tricyclic concentrations may be influenced by factors such as weight, diet, smoking status, differences in bioequivalence among manufacturers, and the addition or withdrawal of concurrent medications. There has been considerable controversy in the literature about the clinical utility of plasma tricyclic level monitoring. These authors believe that, at present, routine plasma level monitoring probably is not warranted, but that there are a variety of instances where plasma tricyclic concentration determinations may be clinically useful. The authors review methodological issues in plasma tricyclic concentration determinations and suggest guidelines for when such determinations may be clinically appropriate. PMID- 7298885 TI - Use of dexamethasone suppression test in clinical psychiatry. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) has been used in clinical medicine to evaluate overactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Consistent evidence has linked a specific dysfunction of the HPA axis to depressive illness. This article will review the physiology of the HPA axis and the method of the DST. After a critical review of the studies using the DST in psychiatric patients, the authors conclude that the overnight low dose DST can be a useful tool for the practitioner involved in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illness. PMID- 7298886 TI - Treatment of panic disorder. AB - In this article we present a 2-yr treatment experience of 14 patients with panic disorder. An approach that utilizes both psychopharmacological and psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy is described. Specific methods of using medication, types and structure of psychotherapeutic interventions, typical response patterns, and reasons for treatment successes and failures are discussed. Our intent is to provide a basis upon which other clinicians may formulate their own treatment approach. PMID- 7298888 TI - What can be done for depression following acute schizophreniform psychosis? PMID- 7298887 TI - Hyperadrenergic hypomania consequent to the abrupt cessation of clonidine. PMID- 7298889 TI - Heads or tails you lose: the dilemmas of psychiatric informed consent. PMID- 7298890 TI - Invited comment: marijuana risks still uncertain. PMID- 7298892 TI - Prophylactic serum lithium levels in recurrent unipolar depression. PMID- 7298891 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression associated with alcoholism. PMID- 7298893 TI - Right to refuse treatment issues still far from settled. PMID- 7298894 TI - What psychopharmacological and other nonsurgical treatments are available for spasmodic torticollis? PMID- 7298895 TI - Antitrust exposure of health care professionals. PMID- 7298896 TI - Structural and histochemical features of the avian blood-brain barrier. AB - We have investigated the structural and histochemical features of the blood-brain barrier (b-bb) in both adults and embryos of chicken (Gallus domesticus, White Leghorn) and quail (Corturnix coturnix japonica). We found that brain endothelial cells of both species are characterized structurally by tight junctions, a low density of pinocytotic vesicles, and a moderately elevated density of mitochondria. Both alkaline phosphatase and butyryl cholinesterase were found in adult quail brain capillaries, but only alkaline phosphatase was found in adult chick brain capillaries. Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase was not found in brain capillaries of either species. In the chick embryo alkaline phosphatase appeared during the time when b-bb matures functionally; i.e., during the third week of development. However, an elevation in mitochondrial density was not apparent until after hatching. In the quail, alkaline phosphatase and butyryl cholinesterase appeared during the last week of embryonic development. By 2 days posthatching the structural characteristics of the brain capillaries were similar to those in the adult. PMID- 7298897 TI - Origin of the parallel fibers in the cerebellar crest overlying the intermediate nucleus of the elasmobranch hindbrain. AB - This study utilizes anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), Golgi staining, and electrophysiological techniques to demonstrate the origin of the parallel fibers which constitute the molecular layer overlying the intermediate nucleus of the dogfish hindbrain. The parallel fibers are shown to arise from granule cells of the auricle. The majority come from the granular area of the lower leaf of the auricles, which is termed the lateral granule cell area of the auricle. A band of parallel fibers at the ventrolateral extent of the molecular layer arises from the ipsilateral and contralateral granule cell layers of the upper leaf of the auricle. The functional continuity of the molecular layer between vestibular and lateral-liner areas may provide an additional basis for interactions between these two sense modalities. PMID- 7298898 TI - Evidence for cholinergic participation in the control of bird song; acetylcholinesterase distribution and muscarinic receptor autoradiography in the zebra finch brain. AB - Brain regions thought to be involved in the control of song in the zebra finch (Poephila guttata), were examined histochemically using the Karnovsky and Roots direct-coloring method for the detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the autoradiographic method for the localization of muscarinic cholinergic receptors following injection of tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H QNB). All presently identified vocal control nuclei in both males and females contain AChE. These nuclei include Area X, magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (MAN), nucleus interface (NIF), caudal nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale (HVc), intercollicular nucleus (ICo), nucleus uva, robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), and tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal nerve nucleus (nXIIts). All nuclei except Area X contain mostly AChE-synthesizing cell bodies. All of these nuclei contain some AChE in the neuropil, with particularly intense staining in Area X, the surrounding LPO, and the dorsomedial portion of ICo. In agreement with this description are very high concentrations of 3H QNB in both Area X and the dorsomedial ICo. HVc also appears specifically labeled. Evidence from these two histological technique suggests that efferent projections of most vocal control area may utilize acetylcholine, and that several of the vocal control nuclei may themselves receive muscarinic cholinergic projection. In Area X, there are sex differences of AChE neuropil staining. This evidence suggesting that sexually dimorphic projections to or within Area X are cholinergic or cholinoceptive. PMID- 7298899 TI - Changing retinal ganglion cell distribution in the frog Heleioporus eyrei. PMID- 7298900 TI - Structural diversity of marginal (lamina I) neurons in the adult monkey (Macaca mulatta) lumbosacral spinal cord: a golgi study. AB - Utilizing the Golgi technique, the present study provides a structural analysis of primate marginal (lamina I) neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Marginal neurons are classified on the basis of major structural differences in dendritic conformation, distribution, and specialization. Cell size and shape alone were not found to be reliable criteria. Marginal cells can be divided into four major groups. Group I (Aspiny Neurons with Thick, Blunt Dendrites) consists of neurons with relatively thick dendrites which have an abrupt, blunt termination and few spines. This heterogeneous group includes large, medium, and small neurons of various shapes. Group II cells (Large to Medium Spiny Neurons) can be subdivided into two distinct groups: Group IIA neurons, which have longitudinal spiny dendritic arbors, and Group IIB cells, which have a moderately spiny, fan-shaped dendritic arbor which spreads across the lateral portion of the dorsal marginal zone. Both Groups A and B exhibit several types of spines. Group III (Aspiny Neurons with Thin, Tapering Dendrites) consists of small to medium size neurons which can be further divided into two groups: Group IIIA, which is characterized by oval- to fusiform-shaped neurons with tortuous, fine, tapered dendrites which ramify in the dorsolateral fasciculus and the lateral funiculus, and Group IIIB, which is composed of fusiform-pyramidal-and polygonal-shaped neurons with fine, tapering dendrites confined to lamina I. Group IV (Small Spiny Neurons) are characterized by a small fusiform- to pyramidal-shaped cell body and delicate longitudinal dendrites with small, short-necked pedunculated spines. This group is subdivided into Group IVA cells, which are found within lamina I proper and Group IVB cells, which are located in the dorsolateral fasciculus and have unmyelinated axons. The present study demonstrates considerably more structural diversity within the marginal zone than has been previously reported, and offers sufficient variation to correlate with functional differences described from laminal I neurons. PMID- 7298901 TI - Neurogenetic gradients in the superior and inferior colliculi of the rhesus monkey. AB - The spatiotemporal patterns of neurogenesis in the superior colliculus (SC) and inferior colliculus (IC) were analyzed by plotting the positions of heavily labeled neurons in autoradiograms from a series of rhesus monkeys that had been exposed to 3H-thymidine at various embryonic (E) days and killed either shortly thereafter or at 2-3 months postnatally. Tectal neurons in this species are generated in the ventricular and subventricular zones surrounding the mesocoele (future Sylvian aqueduct) within the first third of the 165-day gestation period. Cells destined for the SC undergo final mitosis from E30 to E56, with peak proliferation from E38 to E43. These cells exhibit only a weak ventrodorsal gradient of neurogenesis and virtually no mediolateral or rostrocaudal gradients. Genesis of the neurons of the central nucleus (CN) of the IC also occurs between E30 and E56 and peaks around E43; but in contrast to cells of the SC, CN cells exhibit distinct rostrocaudal, lateromedial, and ventrodorsal gradients of genesis. Quantitative analysis revealed that whereas neurogenesis of the SC proceeds with about equal strength along the three cardinal axes, in the CN the lateral-medial gradient is significantly stronger than the anterior-posterior gradient. In addition, both the lateral-medial and ventral-dorsal IC gradients are significantly stronger than any SC gradients. Analysis of embryos sacrificed at short intervals following 3H-thymidine injection shows that the gradients are not caused by secondary lateral cell movement or by selective cell death. Thus, these findings suggest that within the generative zone of the midbrain tectum significant regional differences exist which result in distinctive spatiotemporal patterns of proliferation for the neurons of the primate superior and inferior colliculi. PMID- 7298902 TI - Afferent connections to the amygdaloid complex of the rat with some observations in the cat. III. Afferents from the lower brain stem. AB - The projections from the medulla oblongata, pons, and mesencephalon to each nucleus of the amygdaloid complex of the rat were investigated by the use of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The enzyme was injected stereotactically by microiontophoresis using four different approaches. The findings indicate that the majority of the ascending fibers terminate in the central and medial amygdalar nuclei. Injections in the central nucleus label neurons at the dorsal aspect of substantia nigra, para compacta, and in the adjacent ventral tegmental area and peripeduncular nucleus. At more caudal levels, reactive neurons are found in the periaqueductal gray substance, various raphe nuclei, the locus coeruleus, the parabrachial nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the mesencephalic and bulbar reticular formation. Injections in the medical nucleus lead to labeling of neurons in the peripeduncular nucleus, the dorsal raphe and superior central nuclei, the parabrachial nucleus, and in the dorsomedial extreme of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. The parabrachial nucleus is the most important lower brain stem source of amygdalopetal fibers. This nucleus projects to the ipsilateral as well as the contralateral amygdala in a topographical manner. Most of the lower brain stem structures found to project to the amygdala in the rat are identified as sources of amygdalopetal fibers in the cat as well. PMID- 7298903 TI - Somatotopic organization of the thoracic spinal nerve in the dorsal horn demonstrated with transganglionic degeneration. AB - Transganglionic degeneration in primary sensory neurons (TGD) has been studied with the Fink-Heimer and cupric silver methods in the adult rat after transection of thoracic spinal nerve branches. Degeneration was found in the ipsilateral dorsal horn after 13 to 53 days postoperative survival. It was observed in laminae III and IV, inconsistently in lamina I, but not in lamina II (substantia gelatinosa). After transection of the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve degeneration was seen in the lateral third of the laminae. Transection of the intercostal nerve (ventral ramus) at about the costal angle gave rise to degeneration in the medial two-thirds and transection more distally, at about the mid-clavicular line, in the most medial part of the dorsal horn. The results are in accordance with previous anatomical and physiological studies of the somatotopical organization of the dorsal horn. They clearly show the usefulness of TGD as a tool for analysis of central projections of primary sensory neurons. PMID- 7298904 TI - Asymmetries and symmetries in the number of thoracic dorsal root ganglion cells. AB - The right/left ratio for the number of neurons in individual pairs as well as series of pairs of normal rat and guinea pig thoracic dorsal root ganglia have been investigated. After perfusion of the animals with aldehyde fixatives, the 13 pairs of thoracic ganglia were embedded in resin, serially sectioned, and stained with azure methylene blue. Counts of neuronal nucleoli (with correction for possible split nucleoli) were used as an indicator of the number of neurons in each ganglion. In individual pairs the right/left difference varied between 0 and 47% in the rat and 0 and 26% in the guinea pig. There appeared to be no particular level with a preference for large right/left differences. However, when the total number of neurons from the 13 ganglia on one side were compared with the corresponding figure from the other side, the right/left differences were reduced to less than 3% in the rat and less than 2% in the guinea pig. These results show that the organization of the thoracic spinal nerve unit is markedly asymmetrical at the segmental level, but strictly symmetrical in terms of the total number of dorsal root ganglion cells. The marked asymmetry in individual ganglion pairs necessitates caution when evaluating the effect of unilateral experimental manipulations on the number of neurons in thoracic spinal ganglia. PMID- 7298905 TI - Age- and position-dependent effects of monaural acoustic deprivation in nucleus magnocellularis of the chicken. AB - The effect of a moderately severe monaural conductive hearing loss on the development of neuronal size in the avian nucleus magnocellularis (NM) was investigated. NM is considered to be the homologue of the mammalian anteroventral cochlear nucleus and receives large calyceal synaptic endings from the cochlear nerve. Silicone plastic earplugs which produce a 40 dB broadband conductive hearing loss were placed in one external auditory canal of chick embryos on the 18th day of incubation. After hatching, all animals were housed in communal brooders and sacrificed at 4, 10, 25, and 60 days of age. Nissl-stained sections from paraffin- and plastic-embedded brains were used to sample neuronal cross sectional areas in NM on the deprived and nondeprived sides of the brain. These samples were obtained separately in each brain from three posterior-to-anterior percentage quartiles within NM. Statistical analyses of these data showed that the severity of deprivation-induced cell size changes in NM varied as a function of both age and position. In the 4- and 10-day groups, no significant deprived versus-nondeprived differences in neuronal size were seen in any area of the nucleus. At 25 days after hatching, only the third posterior-to-anterior quartile (i.e., 50-74%) showed a significant difference; this difference was also significantly greater than those in the second and fourth quartiles at this age. By 60 days, all three sampled areas in NM showed highly significant differences (averaging 12%) in mean neuronal cross-sectional area. Cell size values from the deprived and nondeprived sides of 60-day-old experimental animals were also compared with values from 60-day-old control subjects. Whereas the deprived NM cells were significantly smaller than controls, there was no evidence for a reliable hypertrophy in the nondeprived cells. Thus, the principal effect of the acoustic deprivation produced was to retard continued growth of the deprived neurons after 4 days of age. PMID- 7298906 TI - Sprouting in the avian brainstem auditory pathway: dependence on dendritic integrity. AB - The brainstem auditory pathway of the chicken were used to examine the relationship between the maintenance of dendrites following denervation and the successful reinnervation (sprouting) by surviving afferents. In the system the third-order cells in n. laminaris receive spatially segregated binaural innervation from n. magnocellularis. Afferents from the ipsilateral n. magnocellularis innervate the dendrites on the dorsal aspect of n. laminaris cells, while afferents from contralateral magnocellular neurons innervate ventral dendrites via the crossed dorsal cochlear tract. Denervation of the ventral dendrites of n. laminaris cells by transection at the midline results in rapid and severe atrophy of the denervated dendrite. Unilateral cochlea removal induces transneuronal degeneration of 30-45% of the ipsilateral magnocellular cells, thereby partially denervating one dendrite of the n. laminaris cells on each side of the brain. In animals with long-standing transections of the crossed dorsal cochlear tract there is no evidence of sprouting the fibers from the ipsilateral n. magnocellularis when the projections of the surviving magnocellular neurons are traced with degeneration methods after a secondary cochlea removal. However, when dendrites of n. laminaris are partially denervated dendrites do not disappear. Furthermore, secondary lesions of the crossed dorsal cochlear tract or secondary cochlea removal reveal that these denervated dendrites are reinnervated by the afferents from the opposite n. magnocellularis which are normally restricted to the opposite dendrite of the n. laminaris cells. PMID- 7298907 TI - Fibers in spinal nerves of tree frogs: Eleutherodactylus and Hyla. AB - This is a study on numbers and sizes of nerve fibers as determined by electron microscope mapping of the spinal nerves of two species (in different families) of free frogs. The study provides data for comparison of fiber populations in the grass frog, Rana pipiens. In both free frogs the greatest number of fibers in the ten pairs of spinal nerves are in the second and ninth rami. The combined counts of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers in the rami on one side of the cord in Eleutherodactylus and Hyla are respectively: to the forelimb, 3,147 and 4,460 fibers; to the trunk, 334 and 1,234 fibers; and to the hindlimb, 4,335 and 6,213 fibers. With a few notable differences this distribution of fibers to regional body parts correlates closely with that found in Rana. The arboreal frogs have a relatively smaller number of medium and especially large size fibers in comparison with the aquatic-terrestrial living grass frog. The importance is stressed of examining the spinal nerves of an entirely aquatic frog with different feeding habits, such as Xenopus, for further comparison. PMID- 7298909 TI - Rules of motor innervation in chick embryos with supernumerary limbs. AB - The positions of motoneurons supplying individual muscles in chick embryos with grafted supernumerary limbs have been identified using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. For a given muscle, motor pool location varied depending on the embryonic origin of the muscle, the position of the limb along the rostrocaudal axis of the body, and the limb's orientation with respect to the body wall. Limb muscles derived from the ventral part of the embryonic premuscle mass were always innervated by medially located motoneurons. Muscles derived from the dorsal portion were consistently innervated by motoneurons in either intermediate or far lateral positions. These relationships were variant with changes in limb position and orientation. These findings indicate that motor axons can recognize and selectively innervate muscles derived from either dorsal or ventral muscle mass. In addition, the spinal nerves innervating each limb were identified. The type of limb plexus (e.g., crural, sciatic, or wing) and the peripheral branching patterns of the nerves within the limbs were also studied and found to be controlled by the limbs. The rostrocaudal variation in motor pool position similarly depended on the position and orientation of the limb. This rostrocaudal variation in motor pool position can be explained by the limb's ability to determine axonal outgrowth pathways and hence to constrain the possible target choices of outgrowing axons. The process of limb innervation involves interactions between motoneuron axons having intrinsic differences or specificities, and the character of the local environment of the limb into which they grow. PMID- 7298908 TI - Comparative study of the posterior red nucleus in baboons and gibbons. AB - The posterior red nucleus (PRN) was studied in two species of primates by the technique of retrograde degeneration of rubrospinal cells following transection of the spinal cord at different levels. The form of the PRN was reconstructed for both a quadruped monkey (baboon) and an anthropoid with erect posture (gibbon). The PRN contains polymorphic cells characterized by their very chromophilic and granular Nissl substance. These neurons vary in diameter from 25 micrometer to 70 micrometer. Some of them give rise to the rubrospinal tract. Baboon: The approximately 1,300 rubrospinal cells in this species are divided into two equal groups, one related to the contralateral forelimb, with axons ending between the second cervical and third thoracic segment, and the other related to the contralateral hindlimb, projecting caudally beyond T3. Following a high cervical lesion, nondegenerated cells of similar description remain throughout the nucleus. A significantly large group of these cells occurs medially and may be the source of fibers ending in the brain stem or cerebellum. Gibbon: In this species, the number of rubrospinal cells controlling the hindlimb is less than half that found in the baboon. This reduction in the gibbon is much greater for medium-sized cells, but is also significant for the giant cells. These results obtained from primates are compared with those reported for the cat. A possible function for the PRN in the control of limb movements is discussed from the viewpoint of phylogeny. PMID- 7298910 TI - Cells of origin of pathways descending to the spinal cord in two chondrichthyans, the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and the ray Raja clavata. AB - The cells of origin of pathways descending to the spinal cord in the shark Scyliorhinus canicula and in the ray Raja clavata have been demonstrated by using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Following HRP injections in the spinal cord of Scyliorhinus (fourth to sixth segment) and of Raja (15th to 20th segment) labeled neurons could be identified in the rhombencephalon, the mesencephalon, and in the diencephalon. Cells of origin of diencephalic nuclei, which project to the spinal cord, were observed in the nucleus periventricularis hypothalami and in the thalamus ventralis pars medialis which can in this respect be considered hypothalamic. Descending pathways from mesencephalic structures originate from the interstitial nucleus of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, the tectum mesencephali, the nucleus intercollicularis, the tectotegmental junction zone, and from diffusely arranged tegmental neurons. A contralateral rubrospinal pathway could be recognized in Raja, but not in Scyliorhinus. Rhombencephalic cells of origin of pathways descending to the spinal cord were found in all parts of the reticular formation, i.e., the nucleus raphes inferior, the nucleus reticularis inferior, medius, superior, and isthmi, in two vestibular nuclei, and in three nuclei, which have been tentatively indicated as nucleus B, F, and G. Furthermore cells of origin of descending pathways have been found in the nucleus tractus descendens nervi trigemini, in the nucleus funiculi lateralis, and in the nucleus tractus solitarii. The descending pathways of the two species studied have been compared with those of other vertebrates. It is concluded that the basic pattern in the organization of descending pathways to the spinal cord, as proposed by ten Donkelaar ('76) for terrestrial vertebrates, also holds for cartilaginous fishes. PMID- 7298911 TI - Neuronal and neuroglial responses following retinal lesions in the neonatal rats. AB - Lesions were produced in the nasal-superior quadrant of rat retinas at 1 day postnatal. Both the optic fiber and ganglion cell layers were destroyed at the lesion site. Retrograde changes in the more peripherally located ganglion cell bodies, their optic fibers, and neuroglia were monitored by light and electron microscopy. No optic fibers remained in the region peripheral to the lesion site after 2 days postoperative (DPO). Neither regenerative sprouting nor axonal ingrowth from late-maturing ganglion cells in the retinal periphery was observed. Cell death of the large and the majority of medium ganglion cell bodies was very rapid as was clearing of the degeneration products. These processes peaked at 1 DPO and were complete by 2 DPO. Microglia and Mueller cell cytoplasm actively phagocytized degenerating ganglion cell bodies and their optic fibers. A stable population of cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer peripheral to the lesion remained intact from 2 DOP to 21 DPO. The surviving somata were consistently 65% of the control ganglion cell population, and they remained after their axons had degenerated. The cell bodies measured 6-12.1 micron in diameter, a range which included the small cell population and a few of the medium cells. Dendritic patterning, used to designate ganglion cell types, corroborated their classification as small and medium ganglion cells. Morphological changes in these perikarya due to axotomy were limited to a mild chromatolytic response. PMID- 7298912 TI - Transplantation of tectal tissue in rats. II. Distribution of host neurons which project to transplants. AB - Tectal tissue was dissected from fetal rats and transplanted adjacent to the superior colliculus of newborn rats. The recipient animals were then allowed to survive for 6 or more weeks. Subsequent examination revealed that the transplants generally lay over the host inferior colliculus and rostral part of the cerebellum and had substantial fiber connections with the host superior colliculus. To determine which host areas projected to the transplants, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the transplants, and the host brain was examined for the presence of retrogradely filled neurons. Labeled cells were found in nearly 50 host areas. Most of these areas are known to project to normal superior colliculus. There was a consistency between one animal and another in the frequency and density of cell label in the various areas. The projection from host cortex (particularly from visual cortical areas) was the densest and most consistent projection. Other areas which commonly projected into the transplants included pretectum, parabigeminal nucleus, superior colliculus, and the brachial region of the inferior colliculus. Sparse and infrequent projections were found from ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, substantia nigra, zona incerta, and catecholaminergic nuclei. No unequivocally labeled retinal ganglion cells were found. The results indicate that the host projection into the transplants is limited to those areas with axons in the vicinity of the host/transplant interconnection. However, the data also suggest that (1) the relative maturity of particular host pathways at the time of transplantation and (2) some form of preferential or absolute affinity expressed between host axons and transplant cells are also factors which influence the pattern of connections formed between host and transplant. PMID- 7298913 TI - Axonal guidance during development of the optic nerve: the role of pigmented epithelia and other extrinsic factors. AB - It is well established that a congenital lack of ocular melanin (albinism) can lead to developmental abnormalities of the central visual pathways. However, it is yet unknown how the pigmentation per se acts to influence formation of the optic projection. In order to study the possible interaction between eye pigment and optic axons during development, we have examined, with the use of serial section techniques, a series of timed embryos at stages when the ocular pigment and outgrowing axons first become apparent. Our results have demonstrated that, in mice and rats, the upper wall of the distal half of the primitive eye stalk (a region which lies along the potential route to be taken by the earliest developing nerve fibers) is transiently pigmented prior to and during the migration of the pioneer optic axons. All outgrowing neurites avoid this stretch of melanotic tissue and instead grow preferentially through a system of extracellular tunnels in the ventral, pigment-free zones of the distal eye stalk. The stalk remains unpigmented from about its midpoint and continuing toward the brain. At the pigment/pigment-free interface many of the axons shift upward from their ventral positions, forming a marginal annulus. In the chick, on the contrary, pigmentation of the stalk does not occur and as the optic axons exit the globe they grow immediately in an annulus configuration. In Xenopus, the entire stalk becomes pigmented and the optic fibers congregate in one discrete bundle of fascicles along the length of the stalk's most ventral margin. These observations suggest that melanin-producing stalk cells may play a role in controlling the topographic patterning of optic fibers within the developing nerve by inhibiting the lateral spread of axonal growth cones into or within their territory. To test this hypothesis we have charted the distribution of optic fibers in the developing optic stalks of timed albino rat embryos. Indeed, as fibers leave the mutant eye, it was found that a small but consistent number of pioneering axons (day E15) become ectopic and immediately invade nonpigmented regions (those normally pigmented and axon-free) in the distal optic stalk. Thus, the usual topographic arrangement of the collection of pioneer optic fibers is altered in the albino. PMID- 7298915 TI - Lectin receptors on cells isolated from the turtle retina. AB - The presence of specific oligosaccharides on the surface of retinal cells was examined by incubating FITC-labeled lectins with cells dissociated from papain treated turtle retinas. The pattern and intensity of binding was found to vary among the cells examined. With Con A, there was strong surface staining of both rods and cones, with an intense ring of fluorescence above the nucleus. The bipolar and ganglion cells also showed strong surface labeling. In Muller (glial) cells there was intense fluorescence in the apical, microvillous region. In contrast, the horizontal cells and their axons showed weak staining. When RCA-60, RCA-120, and WGA were incubated with photoreceptors, bipolar cells, or horizontal cells, little fluorescence was visible. However, all three lectins bound strongly to the Muller cells. In contrast, the Lotus lectin did not bind to any of the cells examined. In all the cases, lectin binding was inhibited by the appropriate haptene sugar. Further, prior treatment cells with neuraminidase did not alter lectin binding to any cell type. These results suggest differences in the distribution of lectin receptors among specific cell types, and particularly between neurons and glial cells in the vertebrate retina. PMID- 7298914 TI - Areal and laminar distribution of neurons interconnecting the central visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and MT in squirrel monkey (Saimiri). AB - The retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method was used to study the areal and laminar distribution of neurons sending their axons to ipsilateral and contralateral visual cortical areas 17, 18, 19, and MT in the squirrel monkey. Further details regarding neuron type (stellate or pyramidal), size class, and spatial grouping of the cells making these corticocortical connections also were obtained. All interareal connections are reciprocal. Ipsilaterally, such connections exist between areas 17 and 18, 17 and MT, 18 and 19, 18 and MT, and 19 and MT. In addition, areas 18, 19, and MT receive association fibers from the ipsilateral frontal eye field; when combined with previous findings, these results indicate the existence of reciprocal connections between area 18 and the frontal eye field and between area MT and the frontal eye field. Each of areas 18, 19, and MT. Area 17 has only weak callosal connections. Both the ipsilateral and the contralateral connections are topographically organized such that they obey a hodological principle of visuotopic connectivity: that is, only representations of the same part of the visual field are interconnected. With regard to layers of origin, the callosal neurons of these visual areas conform to the general concept of corticocortical fibers arising from supragranular layers in that most of them are located in layer IIIb; only a few of them reside at the junction between layers V and VI. On the other hand, for all the visuocortical connections investigated, the anteriormost area of a reciprocally interconnected pair has its association neurons located predominantly in the infragranular layers while the posteriormost area has its association neurons located primarily in layer III. All callosal fibers and most association fibers arise from pyramidal cells. The callosal cells are larger and reside at a deeper level in layer III than neurons with ipsilateral corticocortical connections. However, some of the association cells at the junction of layers V and VI in area 17 which project to area MT are relatively large and may include the solitary cells of Meynert; but medium-sized pyramidal cells also participate in this projection. In area 17, some association neurons in layers IIIb and IIIc which project to area 18, as well as some in layer IIIc which project to area MT, are most likely stellate cells. Several different patterns of cell groupings were observed for the central representation interconnections. Neither ipsilateral area MT nor any of the contralateral visuocortical areas had multiple groupings of labeled neurons. The ipsilateral projections from area 17 to 18, 17 to MT, and 18 to 19 were arranged similarly according to a plan involving separate, multiple loci of origin for cells projecting to a small and isolated subregion of the central representation in the target cortical area; following larger injections, cells throughout the central representation of the projecting cortex were labeled... PMID- 7298917 TI - A quantitative light microscopic study of the dendrites of cat spinal gamma motoneurons after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. AB - By use of intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the dendritic systems of spinal gamma-motoneurons of the adult cat were studied with a light microscope. The dendrites extended in various directions up to 1.5 mm from the cell body. The dendritic branching was sparse and even unbranched dendrites were occasionally seen. The number and combined diameter of the first-order dendrites increased in parallel with the mean cell body diameter. The number of dendritic end branches, the combined dendritic length, the membrane surface area, and the volume of the entire dendrite correlated positively with the diameter of the parent first-order dendrite. In comparison with the alpha -motoneurons (Ulfhake and Kellerth, '81) the gamma -motoneurons had smaller values for mean cell body diameter and mean diameter of the first-order dendrites and they also had a smaller number of first-order dendrites. The dendrites of the gamma-motoneurons were also found to have fewer branching points and larger values for combined dendritic length. The relation between the diameter of the first-order dendrite and the surface area of the entire dendrite was almost identical for the two types of motoneurons. PMID- 7298916 TI - A quantitative light microscopic study of the dendrites of cat spinal alpha motoneurons after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. AB - The cell bodies and dendrites of cat spinal alpha-motoneurons were studied after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. The mean diameter of the soma was positively correlated to both the mean diameter and the combined diameter of the first-order dendrites, but not to the number of first-order dendrites. On the average, 11.2 dendrites originated from the soma. The dendritic trees were more extensive than has been described previously. The mean value for the combined length of a whole dendrite was 4.7 mm, while the mean values for the total surface area and volume of a dendrite were 33.0 x 10(3) micron (2) and 27.2 x 10(3) micron (3), respectively. The diameter of the first-order dendrite was positively correlated to the combined length of the entire dendrite, the number of dendritic branching points, and the number of dendritic end branches. The diameter of the first-order dendrite was also directly proportional to the volume and the surface area of the entire dendrite. About 75% of the dendritic surface area and 55% of the dendritic volume was located more than 300 micron away from the soma. The dendrites constituted about 97% of the surface area and about 75% of the volume of the entire motoneuron (excluding the axon). The dendritic tapering was moderate. On the average, the distal decrease in dendritic diameters caused a reduction in the combined dendritic parameter (sigma d 3/2) by 1.5% and 15% at 500 micron and 800 micron distance, respectively, from the soma. PMID- 7298918 TI - Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli. A case report. AB - The thirteenth case of erythromelanosis follicularis o the face and neck is reported and attention is called to this entity. Characteristically, it affects males in adolescence or young adulthood. It begins symmetrically on the preauricular cheeks and imperceptibly spreads onto the temples and lateral aspects of the neck. It presents an irregularly marginated, red-brown pigmentation with fine telangiectasia, small, pale, slightly scaly, follicular papules, and patchy alopecia of vellus hair. The histologic features, although nondiagnostic, correlate well with the clinical features. The possible relationship to keratosis pilaris rouge is discussed. PMID- 7298919 TI - Cancer of the skin in blacks. I. A review of 163 black patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Cancer of the skin, in general, is believed to be rather uncommon in black persons. Information from the Tumor Registry of Charity Hospital of Louisiana in New Orleans was reviewed in reference to black patients who were diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin between 1948 and 1979. During this period, 163 black patients had a total of 176 SCCs of the skin. The lesions were about 20% more common than basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in blacks of the same patient population. A mortality of 18.4% was a significant finding. The most common sites of involvement were the face and the lower extremity. Collectively, involvement of the non-sun-exposed areas was more common. The most common predisposing conditions were scarring processes. PMID- 7298920 TI - Leukapheresis in the treatment of Sezary syndrome. AB - Five patients received leukapheresis therapy for Sezary syndrome. All patients had erythroderma, lymphocytic band infiltration of the skin, and a normal white blood cell count with an absolute Sezary cell count of more than 1,000/mm3. Improvement in 3 to 6 months occurred, usually with the addition of a combined regimen of prednisone and low-dose chlorambucil therapy. One patient had sustained improvement with repeated leukapheresis for more than 2 years. The two patients who showed a major response were the youngest patients, who had normal karyotypes, normal delayed-hypersensitivity skin tests, and a quantitative response of the Sezary cells and the T and B cells to leukapheresis. These preliminary results suggest that there may be selected patients for whom leukapheresis is useful therapy and that it is possible to perform the procedure safely in patients with normal white blood cell counts. PMID- 7298921 TI - The histopathologic evolution of recurrent herpes simplex labialis. AB - In a study of the natural history of recurrent herpes simplex labialis, we examined hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of biopsies taken from lesions at various clinical stages. The earliest specific findings which could be recognized were changes within the epidermal cell nuclei, including peripheral clumping of chromatin, development of homogeneous "ground glass" appearance, and ballooning of nuclei. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were unusual and occurred in late lesions. Vacuolization was the earliest cytoplasmic alteration within keratinocytes. The herpes-induced changes began focally along the basal cell layer, but the entire epidermis was rapidly altered. Pilosebaceous units were commonly affected. Within the dermis, no cells with typical herpesvirus-induced changes were seen. In early lesions, mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells were equally prominent; in later lesions neutrophils were most numerous. Histopathologic changes of recurrent herpes simplex begin multicentrically within the epidermis and are present prior to the onset of physical findings. PMID- 7298923 TI - Sarcoidosis in young children. AB - Sarcoidosis in children less than 6 years of age is a rare occurrence. Affected patients, however, have a characteristic triad of involved organs-skin, joints, and eyes. Cutaneous changes usually take the form of asymptomatic eczematous or infiltrated plaques and papules. Swollen synovium produces articular changes which are much more visible than symptomatic-pain is minimal and range of motion is usually not substantially impaired. Involvement of the eye may produce much more severe and permanent damage, however. Chest and joint x-rays are usually normal. PMID- 7298922 TI - Papillated squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising in a seborrheic keratosis. AB - A 73-year-old man had developed a 27 x 60-mm seborrheic keratosis on his trunk. Some months previously, an 18 x 19-mm cauliflower-like area had developed within this seborrheic keratosis. Histologic examination showed a papillated squamous cell carcinoma in situ arising in a seborrheic keratosis. Seborrheic keratoses are the most common cutaneous neoplasms in man. Malignant changes are most unusual but should be suspected in lesions of unusual clinical appearance. PMID- 7298924 TI - Inhibition of histamine-induced pruritus by topical tricyclic antidepressants. AB - Frequent antihistaminic side effects noted during treatment of depression by tricyclic drugs, as well as the high affinity of tricyclic antidepressants for H1 receptors in mouse neuroblastoma cells, suggest possible useful antihistaminic properties. We investigated the antipruritic activity of topically applied 5% solutions of doxepin hydrochloride (Adapin; Sinequan) and amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil) and compared such activity to that of a 5% solution of diphenhydramine and vehicle alone. Test solutions were applied to 25-cm2 areas on the flexor forearms of forty subjects, and the development of itch to single drops of eight dilutions of histamine phosphate instilled in each area was reported over a 3-minute period. The lowest concentration of histamine able to elicit unequivocal itching in each treated area was the histamine itch threshold (HIT). Doxepin, amitriptyline, and diphenhydramine all produced significantly higher mean and median HITs (p less than 0.01 than did vehicle control. Sixty eight percent of subjects had a HIT greater than or equal to 2 x 10(-4) mg/ml in doxepin-treated areas versus 58% for amitriptyline, 53% for diphenhydramine, and 25% for vehicle. Our data suggest that tricyclic antidepressants are effective topical antipruritic agents. PMID- 7298925 TI - Evaluation of a history questionnaire in dermatologic practice. AB - A history questionnaire completed by 1,236 new dermatology patients yielded at least one item relevant to the presenting complaint in two thirds of the patients. The questionnaire saved physician time, frequently elicited clinically useful information, and provided insights as to the patients' general medical state and attitudes toward their illness. Dermatologists are urges to evaluate a history questionnaire in their practices. PMID- 7298926 TI - Intramuscular corticosteroids: A second point view. PMID- 7298928 TI - Actinic comedonal plaque. PMID- 7298930 TI - Dermatologic manifestations of citrobacter septicemia. PMID- 7298929 TI - Monsel's solution. PMID- 7298927 TI - Oral vs parenteral corticosteroids: a clinical controversy. PMID- 7298931 TI - Wart regression. PMID- 7298932 TI - Corneal melting in psoriasis. PMID- 7298933 TI - Dermatology in a health maintenance organization (HMO) PMID- 7298934 TI - Somber perspective for dermatology. PMID- 7298936 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography of the normal heart. PMID- 7298935 TI - The porphyrias. PMID- 7298937 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tomography of the normal abdomen. PMID- 7298938 TI - CT findings and glucocorticoid receptors in intracranial lesions with edema. AB - Glucocorticoid receptors were measured in the surgical specimens of 19 intracranial tumors and one brain confusion. None of the patients had received any steroid treatment prior to the operation. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of these patients were evaluated with respect to attenuation values, contrast enhancement, volume of the tumor and edema, and the other characteristics. These various findings were plotted against the amount of glucocorticoid receptors. There was some correlation between the amount of receptor and attenuation as well as contrast enhancement of the tumor. No definite correlation between the volume of edema and/or size of the tumor and the amount of receptor was found in the material taken in its entirety. However, in two tumor groups, namely meningiomas with marked edema and circumscribed, discrete gliomas, a tendency toward a high amount of glucocorticoid receptors was observed. The positive correlation with contrast enhancement, reinforced by reports in the literature that contrast enhancement is affected by steroids, corroborates the theory that the steroid-receptor interaction plays an important role in the vascular permeability of tumors. PMID- 7298939 TI - Diagnosis of internal carotid artery occlusion by dynamic computed tomography. AB - To evaluate internal carotid artery occlusion noninvasively by means of computed tomography (CT), dynamic CT studies with intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium were performed in 13 patients with hemispheric cerebral infarction and one patient with vascular headache. The slice level of dynamic CT was fixed at the atlas. The initial CT scan was taken after the start of infection of 20 or 40 ml of 60% meglumine amidotrizoate (this scan was used as a precontrast density reference), and 10 additional scans were made during 51.6 sec from the start of injection. The occluded internal carotid arteries were not visualized in patients with ICA occlusion, while all nonoccluded internal carotid arteries proven by angiography were enhanced clearly. It is concluded that this simple and noninvasive diagnostic examination should be added to the routine test procedures for evaluation and follow-up study of extracranial cerebral vascular disease. PMID- 7298940 TI - Computed tomography of intracranial aspergillosis. AB - Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans were analyzed in five patients with autopsy documented intracranial aspergillosis. All infections occurred in immunocompromised hosts. Our findings included subtle low attenuation abnormalities, minimal mass effect, and poor contrast enhancement without ring configuration, in the clinical setting of lethargy, fever, and pulmonary infection. The benign CT picture did not clearly depict the aggressive intracranial parenchymal destruction. PMID- 7298941 TI - Periventricular calcification following neonatal ventriculitis. PMID- 7298942 TI - Role of computed tomography in the evaluation of therapy in cases of cranial metastatic neuroblastoma. AB - Cranial computed tomography (CT) is an extremely useful diagnostic modality in the evaluation and follow-up of children undergoing treatment for metastatic neuroblastoma. Information regarding the location, extent of the cranial metastatic lesions, and their response to treatment was provided by sequential CT examinations in three patients. Computed tomography showed nonneoplastic lesions in four patients treated by parenteral chemotherapy alone using vincristine and Cytoxan. We postulate that these lesions were neurotoxic sequelae of the prolonged chemotherapy. PMID- 7298943 TI - Computed tomography in ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 7298944 TI - Clinical significance of ventriculomegaly in children who suffered perinatal asphyxia with or without intracranial hemorrhage: an 18 month follow-up study. AB - One-hundred and thirty neonates who suffered perinatal asphyxia were divided into two groups according to maturity at birth. All the neonates were studied with computed tomography (CT) of the brain in the neonatal period and again at 6 months of age. They were all followed clinically until at least 18 months of age. Eleven infants (8%) developed progressive hydrocephalus needing surgical intervention, and 67 (51%) had ventriculomegaly that was not diagnosed as progressive hydrocephalus during the 18-month-long follow-up period. All 11 neonates who developed progressive hydrocephalus had had hemorrhage, but ventriculomegaly without progressive hydrocephalus was very common and as common among those who had had hemorrhage as among those in whom no hemorrhage was found in the neonatal CT scan. We conclude from this study that, although posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is a not infrequent complication of intracranial hemorrhage in neonates, the diagnosis should be made with caution, since ventriculomegaly of etiologies other than progressive hydrocephalus is common in this group of patients. The CT scan should be evaluated together with the clinical course of the patient. This combined approach will minimize the risks of a false positive diagnosis of progressive hydrocephalus and subsequent overtreatment as well as lack of treatment in cases in which it is necessary. PMID- 7298945 TI - Parotid gland sarcoidosis and the CT sialogram. AB - The clinical and radiographic presentation of salivary gland sarcoid is presented. Computed tomographic sialography is a more sensitive method for detecting the multiple discrete granulomas of sarcoid than is conventional sialography. This appearance is distinctly different from that of the autoimmune salivary diseases with which it can be clinically confused. The differential diagnosis of salivary sarcoid is presented. PMID- 7298946 TI - Regional pulmonary ventilation measurements by xenon enhanced dynamic computed tomography: an update. AB - New developments in computed tomographic technology permit rapid, serial images that may yield information concerning tracer kinetics through a large tissue volume. One possible application of these developments is the derivation of local lung ventilation by observing the temporal changes of stable xenon concentrations. Preliminary results from six multilevel ventilation studies in dogs demonstrate that the lung may be repeatedly imaged during reproducible phases of respiration even when interscan table incrementation is employed to survey a number of tissue segments and breathing is permitted between scans. In addition, subanesthetic xenon concentrations provide adequate enhancement for possible quantification. PMID- 7298947 TI - Preoperative radiographic evaluation of hypernephroma. AB - Computed tomography (CT) of hypernephroma is compared with arteriography in terms of accuracy and cost. Computed tomography is shown to be as accurate as arteriography with respect to identification and diagnosis of most renal masses. In selected cases, it has been more accurate than arteriography because of the definition of adjacent retroperitoneum and tumor extent. Most of our patients having CT have required supplemental inferior vena cavography preoperatively, and a few selected cases have required arteriography. Nevertheless, the renal arteriogram can be omitted in most cases because CT is effective in diagnosing and staging hypernephroma, in addition to being noninvasive and more cost effective. PMID- 7298949 TI - Volumetric CT analysis of hepatic tumors. AB - Current methods of measuring hepatic volume and the percent of hepatic parenchyma replaced by tumor are crude, yet clinical decisions are often based on these imprecise measurements. We describe a new computed tomographic (CT) assisted volume calculatory program to accurately assess hepatic volume and a new computer program to discriminate tumor from normal liver and thus provide tumor volume measurements. The potential usefulness of these techniques is illustrated by an analysis of pre- and post-therapy CT scans and calculation of changes in hepatic volume and in the volume of hepatic tumor. Analysis revealed small changes in liver volume could be accompanied by substantial changes in tumor volume and vice versa. We conclude (a) quantitative CT techniques allow for rapid, reproducible measurements of liver and tumor volume, and (b) small changes in organ volume may be accompanied by substantial changes in tumor volume. PMID- 7298950 TI - CT findings in partial eventration of the right diaphragm. AB - Elevation of the anterior part of the right diaphragm results in the spurious radiological appearance of a mass at the right lung base. Standard chest views are usually sufficient to show the true nature of the "mass." Occasionally, however, a true mass lesion cannot be entirely excluded, and further studies are then required. Two such cases are described and in both the computed tomographic findings clearly showed the anterior part of the liver to be situated under the elevated diaphragm. This elevation of the anterior part of the liver results in tilting of the organ with the posterior part remaining in its normal position below the nonelevated part of the diaphragm. The anterior and posterior parts of the liver are therefore not shown on the same tomographic planes but are found to lie at different levels. PMID- 7298948 TI - Perirenal cobwebs: a CT sign of renal vein thrombosis. PMID- 7298951 TI - A CT scanning approach to the evaluation of left paraaortic pseudotumors. AB - Normal structures and organs were observed during clinical computed tomography as potential sources of false-positive tumor diagnosis. The left paraaortic region was a common location of pseudotumor masses that were frequently found to be of vascular or intestinal origin. Cases presented demonstrate that an appropriate use of conventional contrast medium can differentiate a normal anatomic structure simulating a mass from a pathologic process. PMID- 7298952 TI - Case report. Changes in the basal ganglia following cyanide poisoning. PMID- 7298953 TI - Case report. Computed tomography of the brain in severe hypoglycaemia. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) findings in a case of extreme hypoglycaemia induced by an overdose of chlorpropamide are described. Brain lesions tend to be preferentially localized along the boundary zones ("watersheds") between the territories of the main cerebral arteries. In our case, generalized brain damage occurred during severe hypoglycaemic coma. Neuropathological changes in this condition have been the subject of previous studies in experimental animals. Computed tomography allows follow-up studies of the human brain damaged by hypoglycaemic coma. Abnormalities revealed by CT probably represent reparative tissue reactions that indirectly reflect the extent of neuronal destruction. PMID- 7298954 TI - Case report. Tentorial changes in sigmoid sinus thrombosis. AB - The computed tomography (CT) findings in a case of angiographically verified cerebral sinovenous thrombosis with occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus and stenosis of the left sigmoid sinus are reported. The CT appearance included abnormally dense borders of the tentorial incisura and postcontrast tentorial enhancement. The existence of tentorial venous collateral pathways is proposed as a possible explanation for the findings. PMID- 7298955 TI - Case report. Rapid development of cerebral atrophy due to perinatal herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - A case of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is reported in which diffuse cerebral hemorrhagic lesions were seen in the neonatal period. Severe progressive cortical atrophy with parenchymal calcification developed over the subsequent 9 months, resulting in a striking computed tomography (CT) appearance. The range of CT findings in neonatal HSV encephalitis is reviewed, and differential diagnostic considerations in the present case are discussed. PMID- 7298956 TI - Case report. Calcified liver metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7298957 TI - Case report. Liver involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 7298958 TI - Effects of feeding level in late pregnancy and dietary protein concentration during early lactation on food intake, milk yield, liveweight change and nitrogen balance of cows. AB - Thirty-nine British Friesian cows and 17 British Friesian heifers were used to measure the effects on milk yield, food intake and digestion, and N balance of increasing the protein concentration in the diet from 111 to 147 g crude protein/kg day matter during the first 16 weeks of lactation. The comparison was made for animals given food either ad lib. or at a level which allowed them to gain 0.5 kg/d during the 8 weeks before parturition, and for animals given ad lib. diets of either 60:40 or 40:60 hay:concentrate ratio during early lactation. Milk yield was increased by a higher protein concentration in the diet (P less than 0.01) and the increase was evident from the first week of lactation. Mean increases over the first 8 weeks of lactation were 3 kg/d for animals on the diet of high roughage content and 7 kg/d for animals on the diet of low roughage content. A higher crude protein content in the diet also increased food intake (P less than 0.05) and digestion (P less than 0.05), and the increases were greater for animals given the diet of low compared with high roughage content. Level of feeding before parturition did not influence food intake or milk yield and there were no differences between cows and heifers in their response to treatments. N balance over the first 10 weeks of lactation averaged -13 g/d for cows and 6 g/d for heifers (P less than 0.025), and was not significantly altered by treatments. Mean N balance of all animals was estimated to increase from -37 g/d immediately after parturition to zero at 8 weeks of lactation. The results demonstrate that an increased protein concentration in the diet during early lactation is associated with increased food intake and digestibility of food, which are in the turn largely responsible for higher levels of milk production. PMID- 7298959 TI - Trypsin-inhibitors in mastitic milk and colostrum: correlation between trypsin inhibitor capacity, bovine serum albumin and somatic cell contents. AB - The trypsin-inhibitor capacity of bovine milk was seen to increase in mastitis. This capacity showed good correlation with the California Mastitis Test score, somatic cell count (Counter method) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) content (radial immunodiffusion). The elevated antitrypsin level proved to be a safer indicator of mastitis than BSA alone. Using gel-filtration chromatography, the major trypsin-inhibitor activity of mastitic milk and plasma was eluted with BSA, indicating a similar mol. wt (70 000). This fraction showed electrophoretic polymorphism. A large molecular weight fraction cross-reacted immunologically with human alpha 2-macroglobulin. The antitrypsin activity in mastitic milk was clearly different from the principal activity in colostrum, which had a mol. wt of about 13 000. PMID- 7298960 TI - Leucocytes of sheep colostrum, milk and involution secretion, with particular reference to ultrastructure and lymphocyte sub-populations. AB - The leucocytes in sheep colostrum, milk and involution secretion were studied using the electron microscope. The predominant cell type in colostrum was the polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) (41--84%), followed by the macrophage (8- 49%), and the lymphocyte (6--11%). Plasma cells were present in low numbers (1- 2%) while no secretory epithelial cells were observed. In mid-lactation the cell components changed so that the macrophage was the predominant cell (83--86%) followed by the lymphocyte (10--17%). In early involution secretion, PMNL reappeared but declined in secretion obtained 21 d after weaning, when the macrophage was again the predominant cell. Associated with the whole cells were membranous extracellular materials and "sunburst' fragments of the secretory epithelial cells. These were phagocytosed by both PMNL and macrophages, which also engulfed fat droplets from the milk. The lymphocytes were examined for plasma membrane markers and the T-cell percentage (E+ rosettes) fluctuated within wide limits, (0--80%). However, there was no discernible trend associated with stage of lactation. The B-cell markers (C1 and Fc gamma) also fluctuated widely and it was evident that contaminating monocytes reduced the accuracy of the count. However, it appeared that more B-cells were present in milk than in blood. PMID- 7298961 TI - Inhibition of lipolysis in bovine milk by proteose peptone. AB - The ability of total milk proteose peptone and individual proteose peptone components to inhibit lipolysis in milk was examined. Proteose peptone (1.5 mg/ml) when added to milk inhibited lipolysis, and component 3 was a more effective inhibitor than component 5 or component 8-fast. Inhibition by proteose peptone also occurred when the milk was treated with between 2 and 20% v/v bovine blood serum or with 5 micrograms/ml heparin. In vitro activity of milk lipoprotein lipase and its stability were not affected by proteose peptone. It was concluded that proteose peptone does not interact with lipase or its activator and that the mechanism of inhibition involves the substrate. PMID- 7298962 TI - The relationship between the levels of free fatty acids, lipoprotein lipase, carboxylesterase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, somatic cell count and other mastitis indices in bovine milk. AB - A large-scale survey of milks from healthy and mastitic bovine quarters was undertaken to establish the influence of mastitic infection on milk lipase activity and free fatty acid (FFA) level. Mastitic milks tended to have higher FFA levels, but lower lipoprotein lipase activities compared with milk from healthy quarters. These effects became significant at relatively severe levels of infection. The elevated FFA was attributable to higher FFA levels on secretion and to greater lipolysis during storage. Levels of carboxylesterase activity increased with severity of mastitis and showed high positive correlation with mastitis indices. Marked increases in carboxylesterase, N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase and phospholipase occurred following the induction of mastitis by intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin, in parallel with changes in somatic cell count and other mastitis indices. Relativity little change in lipoprotein lipase activity was observed. PMID- 7298963 TI - Changes in milk citrate concentration during lactation in the goat. PMID- 7298964 TI - Glutathione in bovine blood: possible source of amino acids for milk protein synthesis. AB - Glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) concentrations of plasma and whole blood were measured for lactating Holstein cows. Samples were taken from both the internal iliac artery and mammary vein to calculate arteriovenous differences across the mammary gland. Glutathione in plasma was extremely low, the there was no significant arteriovenous difference of this tripeptide across the mammary gland. In contrast, glutathione in whole blood was 200-fold greater than in plasma and showed a significant arteriovenous difference across the mammary gland. In vivo studies have shown that when arteriovenous differences of free amino acids in plasma are quantitated, there appears to be a shortage of cysteine for synthesis of milk protein. Using estimated blood flow and arteriovenous differences, we calculated that mammary gland uptake of glutathione from whole blood is more than enough to account for the amount of cysteine secreted in milk. Implications regarding availability to the mammary gland of glutathione from whole blood are discussed. PMID- 7298966 TI - Age of dam and maternal effects for dystocia in Holsteins. AB - Genetic correlations between dystocia in first with later parities and between direct with maternal effects for dystocia were estimated. Dystocia in first and later parities represent similar traits because of a large genetic correlation of .84. This similarity should allow calving reports on older dams and heifers to be combined in predicting a bull's calving performance. Correlations for direct with maternal effects were -.38 for the heifer population and -.25 for the cow (second and greater parities) population. This correlation would reduce progress from selecting for reduced dystocia if only direct effects were considered. Breeding programs to reduce dystocia should consider both direct and maternal performance. PMID- 7298965 TI - Plasma cortisol in Bos taurus and Bos indicus heifers in seasonal tropical climate. AB - Cortisol concentration in blood plasma was measured in Brown Swiss, Holstein Friesian, and White Fulani heifers over two consecutive estrous cycles during each of the four quarters of the hot humid seasonal tropical climate of Ibadan, Southern Nigeria. Basal cortisol in plasma was low (between 1 and 10 ng/ml). Differences between breeds were not significant. Averages and increases with proestrus and estrus were higher in the wet season (March to August) than in the dry season (November to January). Packed cells volume was higher in the dry season than in the wet season. Seasonal changes in rhythmicity of the estrous cycle were not significant. The low cortisol in plasma probably reflects adaptation to the hot climate and a mechanism to prevent high metabolic heat. PMID- 7298967 TI - Dietary fermented ammoniated condensed whey and postprandial effects on blood and urine acid-base metabolites in lactating cows. AB - Effects of a fermented whey product containing 38% lactic acid, time post feeding, and temperature on acid-base metabolism were studied with four lactating Jersey cows in a 4 X 4 Latin square. Treatments included 0, 33, 66, and 100% replacement in soybean meal with fermented whey in a 60% corn silage, 40% concentrate diet (dry basis). Increasing fermented whey to 100% reduced intake and mild production, 27 and 32% compared to animals fed 0 and 33% fermented whey diets. Fermented whey had no effect on blood pH, carbon dioxide tension, bicarbonate, and potassium whereas increasing fermented whey about 33% replacement reduced glucose and sodium in plasma 15 and 40 mg/100 ml from controls. Increasing consumption of fermented whey to 100% replacement increased urinary ammonium excretion 1365/meq per day and slightly decreased urine pH, which suggested changes in acid excretion. Effects of time postfeeding on blood traits were measured from samples taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h. Blood pH was higher at 1 to 3 h as compared with 4 to 8 h postfeeding, whereas carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate increased 10.6 mm mercury and 6.3 meq/liter at 1 h and declined afterward. Period effects for blood acid-based characteristics showed decreasing blood carbon dioxide tension with increasing ambient temperature. PMID- 7298968 TI - Effect of fermentation and formalin preservation on the protein component of bovine colostrum. AB - Colostrum was inoculated with Streptococcus lactis or yogurt culture or preserved with .1% (vol/vol) formalin in two separate experiments. All preparations then were stored at ambient temperature for 24 days. With increasing storage time, a larger proportion of the total colostrum nitrogen was not precipitated in 10% (wt/vol) trichloroacetic acid. By day 24, this represented 30 to 35% for the fermented samples and 10 to 15% for the formalin preserved samples. The majority of this nonprecipitable nitrogen was amino acids and small peptides. Most of the nitrogen in colostrum even after 24 days of storage should be nutritionally useful to the calf because even the nonprecipitable portion is amino acids and peptides. PMID- 7298969 TI - Effect of high but nontoxic dietary intake of copper and selenium on metabolism in calves. AB - Sixteen male Holstein calves in a 2 X 2 factorial design with four animals per treatment were fed 0 and 100 ppm supplemental copper from copper carbonate and 0 and 1 ppm added selenium from sodium selenite for 15 days in a practical diet containing .1 ppm selenium and 15 ppm copper. On day 13, calves received an oral dose of selenium-75 and were sacrificed 48 h later. Feed consumption, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, and stable copper in blood and urine were unaffected by diets. Stable copper in pancreas, spleen, kidney, muscle, and spinal cord along with selenium-75 in lung, pancreas, liver, heart, and muscle also were unaffected. In calves fed high selenium, selenium-75 was lower in blood, kidney, and spinal cord, and more was excreted in the urine, indicating less retention. Urine was the major excretory pathway of excess selenium-75. Liverstable copper was greater for high copper diets. Stable copper in the lung was higher in calves fed high selenium-high copper than in either control or calves fed high copper. Stable copper was greater in heart tissue in both groups fed high selenium than in controls and slightly higher than the group fed high copper. PMID- 7298970 TI - Rapid and specific isolation of radioactive glucose from biological samples. AB - An easy, reliable, and specific ion-exchange method is presented for isolating glucose for specific radioactivity determinations from both blood plasma and buffered in vitro incubation media. The use of a glucose binding resin (borate charged anion resin) combined speed of ion exchange with specificity of derivative formation. Glucose specific radioactivities, determined by ion exchange on protein-free filtrates of plasma containing [carbon-14] glucose, show excellent agreement with those from the popular glucose pentaacetate derivative method and are less variable. Carry-over of labeled acetate, propionate, lactate, glyoxylate, alanine, aspartate, or glutamate into the glucose fraction is less than .2%. Glycerol carryover is 1.2%. Glucose recovery is increased about three times that of the glucose pentaacetate derivative method and averaged 94% from plasma filtrates. PMID- 7298972 TI - Total and individual amino acids in strained ruminal liquor from cows fed graded amounts of urea. AB - Total and individual amino acids were determined in samples of strained ruminal liquor from an experiment in which cows were fed a low protein, high concentrate diet supplemented with graded amounts of urea to elicit a range of ruminal ammonia concentrations. Total amino acids plateaued beyond 2% crude protein from urea and 6.5 mM ruminal ammonia. There was a negative quadratic relationship between concentrations of total amino acids and ammonia with total amino acids maximized at 16.2 mM ammonia. Individual amino acids followed trends similar to that of total amino acids, increasing with dietary urea and ruminal ammonia before plateauing or declining slightly. Contribution to the animal's amino acid requirements from passage of free amino acids in strained ruminal liquor were estimated for three essential amino acids. Based on mean concentration in strained ruminal liquor, liquid turnover rates, and requirements for gain, 7, 16, and 12% of the requirements for methonine, lysine, and threonine may be contributed from passage of ruminal free amino acids. PMID- 7298971 TI - Colostral immunoglobulin concentrations among breeds of dairy cattle. AB - Colostral immunoglobulin concentrations were compared among five breeds of dairy cows. Colostrum samples (3 to 4 kg) were obtained immediately after parturition from 19 Ayrshire, 17 Brown Swiss, 12 Guernsey, 19 Holstein, and 5 Jersey cows. Average total colostral immunoglobulin was 8.1, 6.6, 6.3, 5.6, and 9.0% for them. Colostrum from Jerseys had the highest immunoglobulin G (6.65%), immunoglobulin A (1.86%), and immunoglobulin M (.53%) of all breeds. Colostrum from Holsteins was lowest in immunoglobulin G (4.12%) whereas that from Guernseys was lowest in immunoglobulin A (.90%) and immunoglobulin M (.39%). Breeds may differ, and the high calf mortality and health problems frequently reported for Guernseys may be related to the low immunoglobulins A and M in colostrum. Concentration of colostral immunoglobulin by calving number was examined over breeds for 23, 16, 17, and 14 cows by first, second, third, and fourth or later calvings. Colostral immunoglobulin was lower from first-calf heifers (5.68%) than from third (7.91%) and fourth (7.53%) parity cows. Colostral immunoglobulins A and G tended to be lower in first lactations. PMID- 7298973 TI - Comparison of estrus detection techniques in dairy heifers. AB - Detection of estrus was by twice daily heat checks, heat mount detectors, and pedometers. Changes of progesterone concentrations in blood plasma were monitored three times weekly. Method of detection did not affect observed cycle length. Efficiency of estrous cycle detection (as defined by changes of progesterone concentration in plasma) ranged from 67% to 74%. Combinations of two techniques ranged in efficiency from 84% to 93%. Accuracy of estrus detection (based on changes in progesterone concentration) varied widely, from 29% to 95%. Accuracy of twice daily heat checks and pedometer activity detection at two standard deviations greatly exceeded the other techniques. Heat checks and pedometer detection combined gave both high efficiency and high accuracy of detection. PMID- 7298974 TI - More on grafts to the nose. PMID- 7298975 TI - A love affair with a gradle scissors. PMID- 7298976 TI - Dermatologic surgery yesterday, today, and tomorrow. PMID- 7298978 TI - The fellowship in Mohs' surgery: a personal experience. PMID- 7298979 TI - Squamous-cell carcinoma treated by Mohs' surgery: an experience with 414 cases in a period of 15 years. AB - From their experience in treating squamous-cell carcinomas by microscopically controlled surgery, the authors found that such lesions in men, particularly in young men, on the extremities and of sizes larger than 5 cm or requiring more than four stages of excision had highest recurrence rates. They recommend one more stage of excision beyond an apparent plane free of malignancy as an insurance in selected cases. PMID- 7298982 TI - A bout with skin cancer. PMID- 7298980 TI - Basal-cell carcinomas on covered or unusual sites of the body. AB - Basal-cell carcinomas on covered, anatomically shielded, or otherwise unusual sites of the body are rare compared to the number on constantly exposed parts of the body, but since basal-cell carcinomas are so common, instances of the former sort are not infrequently encountered. Five such cases are described and illustrated. PMID- 7298983 TI - The pathetic patient: the unfinished story of Rose. PMID- 7298981 TI - Predicting recurrence of basal-cell carcinomas treated by microscopically controlled excision: a recurrence index score. AB - Despite the high cure rate achieved for basal-cell carcinomas treated with microscopically controlled excision, recurrences do occur. To determine if lesions that are likely to recur may be predicted at the time of surgery, data from 5020 patients with 7010 basal-cell carcinomas treated with Mohs' technique were reviewed. Two thousand nine hundred sixty (2960) lesions with five-year follow-up were studied (overall recurrence rate = 2.6%). Sex and age of the patients, size and location of lesions, types of previous therapy, and the number of surgical stages of microscopically controlled excision were all found to correlate significantly with recurrence rate (p less than 0.01). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relative contribution of each of these variables to predictability of recurrences by a weighted scoring system. The derived model delineated the lesions into no-risk, low-, medium-, and high risk groupings (p less than 0.000001). Lesions in the high-risk group had a recurrence rate of 10.1%, almost four times greater than the average. More aggressive microscopically controlled excisions and closer follow-up care are indicated for those lesions that can be predicted to result in a high-risk score. PMID- 7298984 TI - Psychosocial management of patients with cutaneous cancers: a preliminary report. AB - Based on 50 interviews with patients attending the New York University Skin and Cancer Clinic for cutaneous malignancies, an impression was gained of the psychosocial impact of cutaneous cancer upon those afflicted. On the basis of this impression, guidelines for physicians in psychological management of such patients are offered. PMID- 7298977 TI - Chemosurgery: my 15 years of experience. PMID- 7298985 TI - The skin cancer foundation: an organization in the public interest. PMID- 7298987 TI - [Postembryonic organ growth in vertebrates and a possible cause of aging]. PMID- 7298986 TI - [3-component enzyme system of the enterocyte related to its digestive and protective functions]. PMID- 7298988 TI - [Changes in the concentration of hematopoietic stem cells, erythrocytes and leukocytes during hepatoma development and in exposure to an antitumor agent]. PMID- 7298991 TI - A behavioral paradigm for identifying persons at risk for bipolar depressive disorder: a conceptual framework and five validation studies. PMID- 7298989 TI - [State of the neuroendocrine system in male rats of various ages exposed to prolonged internal irradiation]. PMID- 7298990 TI - [Effect of triterpene glycosides on 14C-alanine incorporation into rat bone marrow cells]. PMID- 7298992 TI - Depression and coping in stressful episodes. PMID- 7298993 TI - Intrafamilial interactive behavior, parental communication deviance, and risk for schizophrenia. PMID- 7298995 TI - Attribution and alcohol-mediated aggression. PMID- 7298994 TI - Age on first hospitalization of schizophrenics: a developmental approach. PMID- 7298996 TI - Temporal sequencing during posthypnotic amnesia: a methodological critique. PMID- 7298997 TI - Visual memory of black and white male heroin and nonheroin drug users. PMID- 7298998 TI - Perception of contradictory speech by normal and disturbed children at various age levels. PMID- 7298999 TI - Immunoglobulin E antibodies that crossreact with vegetable foods, pollen, and Hymenoptera venom. AB - IgE in some human sera reacted with an antigen present in a large number of unrelated foods: potato, spinach, wheat, buckwheat, peanut, honey and others. The antigen, which was periodate-sensitive and heat-stable, was also found in pollen. Even more surprisingly, these antibodies often reacted in vitro with bee and vespid venom and were sometimes apparently induced by Hymenoptera stings. PMID- 7299000 TI - Effects of infused histamine: analysis of the effects of H-1 and H-2 histamine receptor antagonists on cardiovascular and pulmonary responses. PMID- 7299001 TI - Peanut oil is not allergenic to peanut-sensitive individuals. AB - Ten peanut-sensitive patients were enrolled in a double-blind crossover trial to determine whether ingestion of peanut oil can induce adverse reactions in such individuals. All patients had experienced prior allergic reactions to peanut ingestion, including any of the following: generalized urticaria, angioedema, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, bronchospasm, or shock. All patients had elevated levels of serum IgE antibodies to both crude peanut extract and the purified peanut allergen, Peanut-I, by RAST assay; binding values ranged from 2 to 26 times that of negative control serum. All patients demonstrated negative puncture skin tests to both peanut oil and olive oil (control). At 30-min intervals, patients ingested 1, 2, and 5 ml of either oil contained in 1 ml capsules while under constant observation. These quantities exceed the maximum estimated dose of peanut oil that would occur in single meals. Patients returned 2 wk later for ingestion challenge with the remaining oil. No untoward reactions were observed with either peanut oil or olive oil. Peanut oil ingestion does not pose a risk to peanut-sensitive individuals. PMID- 7299002 TI - Allergenicity of various peanut products as determined by RAST inhibition. AB - Extracts of 19 different peanut products and peanut oil were tested for their allergenicity by the radioallergosorbent test inhibition assay using a crude peanut extract from raw peanuts as the standard for comparison. Seventeen of the extracts were able to competitively inhibit the binding of serum IgE from peanut sensitive patients with the solid-phase raw peanut extract. Peanut oil and the extract from hydrolyzed peanut protein did not inhibit binding, which suggests that these products are not allergenic. The peanut hull flour extract showed a slight ability to inhibit binding, suggesting that this product contains minor amounts of the peanut allergen. PMID- 7299003 TI - Comparison of bronchial responses to prostaglandin F2 alpha and methacholine. AB - We examined bronchial responsiveness to prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha to determine its applicability in clinical practice and to compare it with bronchial responsiveness to the pharmacologically dissimilar agent, methacholine. Inhalation tests with two fold increasing concentrations of the two agents were carried out in 19 asthmatic and four normal subjects. The results were expressed as the provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (PC20). The range of concentrations required to determine the PC20 was greater with PGF2 alpha (0.0001 to less than 5 mg/ml) than that with methacholine (0.07 to 30.96 mg/ml). Side effects of cough, retrosternal irritation, and expectoration of sputum were more frequent after PGF2 alpha. Repeat measurements in the same subjects showed that response to PGF2 alpha were as highly reproducible (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001) as previously reported with methacholine, and there was a cumulative dose effect (p less than 0.001). PC20PGF2 alpha correlated with PC20 methacholine (r = 0.5, p less than 0.01), but to a lesser degree than was previously demonstrated between histamine and methacholine. The poorer correlation was explained by the results of four subjects tolerant to PGF2 alpha relative to methacholine, three of whom were aspirin (ASA) intolerant; the correlation was much stronger when these subjects were excluded from analysis (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001). The results suggests that (1) PGF2 alpha is not a suitable agent to use in clinical practice to measure nonspecific bronchial responsiveness because of the wide dose range and unpleasant side effects, (2) the bronchial responsiveness of different individuals to PGF2 alpha and methacholine is usually well correlated and is thus unrelated to specific receptor activity, and (3) there is a relative reduction in responsiveness to PGF2 alpha in some asthmatics, particularly those with ASA intolerance. PMID- 7299004 TI - Insect venom allergy: a prospective case study showing lack of correlation between immunologic reactivity and clinical sensitivity. AB - This case report demonstrates the lack of correlation between clinical sensitivity to insect venoms and immunologic reactivity as indicated by the presence of venom-specific IgG. A 20-yr-old venom collector was monitored over a 3-yr period with measurements of venom-specific IgE (skin test and RAST) and venom-specific IgG. In the first year of venom collection, multiple stings were tolerated with no reaction. In the second season, she had an anaphylactic reaction after a yellow jacket sting. Subsequently, there was a rising titer of serum yellow jacket and bee venom-specific IgE and positive skin-test reactions. In the third season, yellow jacket, hornet, and bee venom skin tests remained positive and serum IgE antibody titers remained elevated. Stings from all three insects were tolerated with no reaction. Throughout the 3-yr course, serum venom specific IgG remained low and unchanged. The factors other than IgE-modulating clinical anaphylaxis, perhaps responsible for this clinical and immunologic dichotomy, are unknown. These observations add a further complication to the choice of patients for venom immunotherapy. PMID- 7299005 TI - Mucous secretions. PMID- 7299006 TI - The diagnosis of osteoporosis. AB - A rational approach to the diagnosis of osteoporosis by the primary care physician is outline, with emphasis on the patient who presents with chronic back pain and a vertebral compression fracture. The basic information includes data from the patient's history and physical examination, laboratory, x-ray and bone biopsy studies, and determination of bone mineral content (BMC) by photon absorptiometry. Characteristic radiologic features associated with bone loss, BMC changes, and bone biopsy findings are illustrated. This diagnostic approach, summarized in a flow diagram, poses a series of questions; the answer to each question leads either ot a diagnostic conclusion or to further questions which must be answered. This permits decision as to whether a compression fracture is due to trauma, local osteoporosis, osteomalacia, secondary osteoporosis or primary osteoporosis. In te study population (150 subjects), 80 percent of patients presenting with vertebral compression fractures had primary osteoporosis. PMID- 7299007 TI - Evaluation of the systolic murmur in the elderly. AB - A common clinical entity in the elderly population is the systolic murmur detected during cardiac auscultation. Although it can occur in patients of any age group, the approach to diagnosis differs in the elderly. Two cases are presented which illustrate different pathologic processes that can result in the development of a systolic murmur. The prevalence of this entity in the elderly is highlighted, and a strategy for diagnosis is outlined. PMID- 7299008 TI - Abuse of the elderly-the hidden agenda. II. Future research and remediation. AB - A schema for future research and efforts to remediate abuse of the elderly is presented. In the community at large, increased exposure of and education pertaining to the elderly are needed in order to intensify the public/community presence and reduce prejudices. In the medical community, improvements are needed in the extent of geriatric training, the ethics of pronouncement of death, the reliability of clinical documents, and the reporting of suspected cases of abuse. In the legal community, there is need for laws prohibiting abuse and neglect, and providing opportunity for recovery of minimum damages, with covering of attorney's fees and court costs. It is proposed that the administrative process be altered so as to provide either a financial penalty for abuse and neglect, or a reward for providing superior care. PMID- 7299009 TI - The interaction of age, performance and hypnotics in the sleep of insomniacs. AB - Scant attention has been paid to the objective evaluation of insomnia as a function of age, particularly with reference to increased drug sensitivity and resulting loss in balance performance. Therefore, the electroencephalographic sleep and the balance-board performance of 10 young and 12 geriatric insomniacs were studied under baseline and hypnotic drug (ketazolam) conditions. In terms of objectively measured sleep, the geriatric insomniacs had worse sleep on every dimension except sleep latency and percentage of stage-2 sleep. These differences between aged and young insomniacs, however, were no greater than might be expected as a function of normal aging. Drug-age interactions indicated that ketazolam differentially increased sleep efficiency, decreased the percentage of REM sleep, and eliminated any learning improvement on the balance board in geriatric versus young insomniacs. The findings indicate that the geriatric subjects were more sensitive to the hypnotic drug, in that their sleep improved to a greater extent. However, an important loss in balance performance was also observed. PMID- 7299010 TI - Dementia and other competing risks for mortality in the institutionalized aged. AB - The relative importance of dementia, gender, age and functional status (FS) was examined for relationships to mortality within five years after admission of the subjects to a New York City nursing home for the aged. Using a random sample of 212 of the nursing home's patients, a statistical model was developed to estimate the relative risk of mortality. When this model was cross-validated on an independent sample of 118 residents, it failed to show significant lack of fit. Given these results, an international model was developed by combining the New York City samples(N = 330) and comparing them to a sample (N = 363) from a nursing home in Tokyo, Japan. In the new York model, gender was the most important predictor, with age and dementia next in importance; FS was not a significant predictor. Despite the apparent differences in the types of dementia in the New York and Tokyo nursing homes, the mortality patterns were similar. PMID- 7299011 TI - A new double-layered launderable bed sheet for patients with urinary incontinence. AB - In a skilled nursing facility, 36 patients (chiefly elderly) with persistent urinary incontinence were the subjects of this study. In their management, the usual disposable pads were compared with a new launderable bed sheet (Kylie) which absorbs urine in the second layer while maintaining a dry surface next to the patient's skin. There was a 42 percent reduction in the frequency of bedding changes with the new bed sheets. The patients experienced increased comfort due to decreased skin wetness and decreased creasing of the sheets. The reduced frequency of bed linen changes permitted longer undisturbed periods for the patient. Management costs were reduced by 40 percent with the launderable bed sheets. There were no adverse effects on the condition of the patients or in the quality of care. PMID- 7299012 TI - Improved care for patients on a new geriatric evaluation unit. AB - An analysis is presented of a geriatric evaluation unit (GEU) established at the Sepulveda VA Medical Center in 1979 to provide comprehensive interdisciplinary assessment and treatment of geriatric inpatients. The data on 74 patients admitted during the first year show that major improvements can occur in several outcome areas. Placement location was improved over expectations in 48.4 percent of patients, thus permitting a higher level of independence with a lower level of care requirements. Functional status (Katz ADL scale) improved in two-thirds of the patients who could have shown improvement. An average of almost four new treatable disorders not noted by previous physicians were diagnosed per patient. The mean daily number of prescribed drugs was reduced by 32 percent per patient, and the total number of drug doses by 43 percent. Though limited by the unique aspects of the vA situation and by lack of a control group, the findings lend support to the efficacy and value of the GEU concept. (A randomized controlled study is in progress.) PMID- 7299013 TI - Self-ratings of memory versus psychometric ratings of memory and hypochondriasis. AB - Self-ratings of memory were studied in 69 institutionalized women. The patients also were evaluated by means of three screening tests for organic brain syndrome (OBS) and a hypochondriasis scale. A negative correlation existed between self rating of memory and actual memory as measured by the screening tests for OBS, but it was significant (p less than .05) for only one of the tests. There was also a negative correlation (p less than .01) between memory rating and scores on the hypochondriasis scale. Therefore, clinicians should not take patients' memory complaints as valid indicators of OBS, but as possible indicators of hypochondriasis. PMID- 7299014 TI - Local manifestations of cold injury. PMID- 7299015 TI - Frostbite. Diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7299016 TI - Mobius' syndrome and talipes equinovarus. A case report. PMID- 7299017 TI - Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the ankle: a case study and a review of the literature. PMID- 7299018 TI - Lisfranc's joint dislocation: a review and case report. PMID- 7299019 TI - Neuropathy, angiopathy, and sepsis in the diabetic foot. Part one: neuropathy. PMID- 7299020 TI - Sesamoid index of the foot in acromegaly. PMID- 7299021 TI - Adult vitamin C deficiency. Scurvy- a case report. PMID- 7299022 TI - Fibrosarcoma of the foot. A case report. PMID- 7299023 TI - Granuloma annulare. A case report. PMID- 7299024 TI - Stress fracture of the talar neck and distal calcaneus. PMID- 7299025 TI - The Evans Ankle stabilization. The author's modification. PMID- 7299026 TI - An in-skate training brace for young beginning ice skaters. PMID- 7299027 TI - Profile of hospital podiatry. PMID- 7299028 TI - Referral to psychoanalytic candidates: a special problem in technique. AB - The technique of referral has been given scant attention in the analytic literature. Yet the method of referral, particularly to analytic candidates, can have a significant impact on the subsequent treatment. Listening to detailed case presentations by candidates over a four-year period in a course on selection of patients, it became apparent to me that when analysts referred patients to candidates they almost always avoided telling the patient that the analyst was in training. The reasons for the evasion and the consequences of it are explored in all three parties: the referring analyst, the patient, and the candidate. Clinical material from typical situations is presented to illustrate how evasions and distortions by the referring analyst can have a negative impact on the patient, the candidate, and the analysis. The suggestion is made that the referring analyst be open about the candidate's status, particularly when the patient is being seen at a reduced fee. As with any other situation, candor enhances the chances of success of the referral and subsequent analysis. PMID- 7299030 TI - Hypochondriacal symptoms as derivatives of unconscious fantasies of being beaten or tortured. AB - Clinical material is presented from two patients where hypochondriacal symptoms were seen to be derivatives of unconscious fantasies of being beaten or tortured. The shift along the masochistic axis from these underlying fantasies to the conscious hypochondriacal symptoms is seen as subserving the important defensive purpose of reducing the patients' perception of their conscious guilt feelings. PMID- 7299029 TI - Loss of reality in perversions--with special reference to fetishism. PMID- 7299031 TI - Aggression in the service of the ego and the self. AB - With Jay, as with other patients in psychoanalysis, the pathological has shed light on the normal. First, during symbiosis, physical illness markedly disrupted his sense of well-being. He did not develop sufficient reserves of narcissism and instead built up a superabundance of hostile aggression. In the differentiation subphase of separation-individuation, his aggression could not be used constructively in the service of differentiation. In the practicing subphase, still immobilized, he was unable to effect even physical separation, let alone psychic separation. These subphase inadequacies, of course, influenced the character of his rapprochement subphase. With functioning already impaired by earlier subphase experience, continuing emotional pain and frustration affected his ability to negotiate the rapprochement subphase. Missing for Jay were the contributions that an adequate rapprochement subphase furnishes the organizing function of the ego. Not only did the rapprochement subphase fail to correct the inadequacies of the earlier subphases, the failures of rapprochement represented the last and final blow to the development of even a semblance of self- and object constancy, so that borderline pathology was the result. We can follow the progress made by the analysand by his own statements: Early: "I don't have a reserve of self-love to carry me through." Later, "I'm at a stage when I feel I can organize things without great anxiety. Plan things. Going ahead and slipping back sometimes too, but feeling confident." It has been the aim of this paper to show how the most malignant narcissistic rage has been converted into constructive aggression. Despite the greatest intrinsic and environmental odds, this patient, because of his good endowment, and aided by psychoanalysis, succeeded in gradually converting destructive aggression into constructive aggression by amalgamating it with more and more libido. Along with this, he also developed a sound secondary narcissism, so that his prognosis at eighteen years of age is optimistic. PMID- 7299033 TI - On love, dying together and Liebestod fantasies. AB - The study of the legend of Tristan and Iseult in terms of the multiple fantasies it might express adds to our understanding of the psychology of love. In a previous paper (1975), I delineated, via allusion to the Tristan legend, the romantic-erotic conditions sometimes involved in creativity. In this one, I have approached the question of love from the other direction and have tried to delineate the creative-adaptive conditions required for integrating the experiences of loving and being in love. The "High tale of love and death," the Liebestod fantasy realized, is still with us, but the happier ending may be a realistic, viable alternative. PMID- 7299032 TI - Cognitive development and female psychology. AB - Freud was an astute observer, but his understanding of female psychology was distorted by centration on biological forces, the adult neurosis, libido theory, the Oedipus complex, and male psychology. His views on the role of penis envy, narcissism, and masochism in women, and on the female superego, currently are being updated on the basis of new data emerging out of psychoanalytic investigation and direct observational studies. It has become clear, for example, that core feminine gender identity develops very early and that it is mediated in large part by cognitive development and learning rather than by the impact of the observation of genital differences between the sexes. The little girl's level of cognitive organization does not permit her at first to construct logical, consistent categories of female and male, predicated or coordination of criteria of inclusion and exclusion. She puts girls and women into one group out of intuitive recognition that they "go together" and builds up a view of herself as female on the basis of what she feels as her mother's daughter and what she perceives of the way her parents and other significant object see her. Her mother's feelings about her, about herself, and about females in general influence her greatly, and her father's responses to and expectations of her have an important impact on her self-image and self-esteem. Her representation of herself as female at first does not necessarily take genital differences between the sexes into account. The discovery, some time in the second or third year, that the genitals of boys and girls are different from one another presents the girl with a number of problems, however. Her cognitive organization makes it extremely difficult for her to apprehend her complex, incompletely demarcated, and to a large extent internal, unobservable, and impalpable sexual organs. Her initial conclusion is that she lacks desirable body parts which are possessed by other beings. Because of the narcissistic-exhibitionistic libidinal organization of that period of life, this represents a painful narcissistic injury. The intensity of the girl's castration reaction and the degree to which she will be able to overcome it in the course of further development are determined by multiple internal and external developmental factors. Masochism, narcissistic vulnerability, and penis envy are neither limited to the female sex nor normal outcomes of female development. Where they are prominent features in the psychopathology of female patients, it is insufficient to interpret them as emanating from penis envy as a bedrock, primal cause. Detailed clinical examples are presented to illustrate the thesis that through exploration and explication of the multiple sources of such symptomatology in a female analysand is the most effective way of relieving the symptomatology and releasing the potential for emotional growth. PMID- 7299034 TI - The role of breast-feeding in psychosexual development and the achievement of the genital phase. AB - 1. The role of the neurohormone oxytocin is a physiological factor in the reproductive cycle of coitus, birth, breast-feeding, the milk-ejection reflex, nipple erotism, and female sexual responsiveness. 2. The capacity for "motherliness," the attributes of empathy, consideration, confidence, and love are dependent on the level of psychosexual, ego, and superego maturity of the mother as well as on the pattern of mothering she experienced as a child. 3. The satisfaction of the oral hunger-satiation cycle is essential. Without it, even the most satisfactory maternal environment proves insufficient and results in serious ego constriction. 4. Bottle-feeding, as breast feeding, may offer a relatively satisfactory solution to the basic, physiological, hunger-satiation cycle and may fulfill, to a limited extent, the libidinal requirements of the crucial oral phase, depending on the psychosexual maturity and ego and superego development of the mother. 5. However, breast-feeding alone provides the experience of the original primal scene on which the later primal scene is based. 6. The breast-feeding capacity in itself is no more an indication that psychosexual maturity and the genital phase have been achieved than is the ability to achieve vaginal orgasm (or genital orgasm, in the male). 7. Sherfey's (1966) findings notwithstanding, Freud's (1925) statement that the elimination of clitoral primary (not participation) is essential for the development of femininity remains valid. PMID- 7299035 TI - Correction of timing errors in photomultiplier tubes used in phase-modulation fluorometry. AB - The measurement of fluorescence lifetimes is known to be hindered by the wavelength-dependent and photocathode area-dependent time response of photomultiplier tubes. A simple and direct method is described to minimize these effects in photomultiplier tubes used for phase-modulation fluorometry. Reference fluorophores of known lifetime were used in place of the usual scattering reference. The emission wavelengths of the reference and sample were matched by either filters or a monochromator, and the use of a fluorophore rather than a scatterer decreases the differences in spatial distribution of light emanating from the reference and sample. Thus photomultiplier tube artifacts are minimized. Five reference fluorophores were selected on the basis of availability, ease of solution preparation, and constancy of lifetime with temperature and emission wavelength. These compounds are p-terphenyl, PPO, PPD, POPOP and dimethyl POPOP. These compounds are dissolved in ethanol to give standard solutions that can be used over the temperature range from -55 to +55 degrees C. Purging with inert gas is not necessary. The measured phase and modulation of the reference solution is used, in conjunction with the known reference lifetime, to calculate the actual phase and modulation of the excitation beam. The use of standard fluorophores does not require separate experiments to quantify photomultiplier effects, and does not increase the time required for the measurement of fluorescence lifetimes. Examples are presented which demonstrate the elimination of artifactual photomultiplier effects in measurements of the lifetimes of NADH (0.4 ns) and indole solutions quenched by iodide. In addition, the use of these reference solutions increases the accuracy of fluorescence lifetime measurements ranging to 30 ns. We judge this method to provide more reliable lifetime measurements by the phase and modulation method. The test solutions and procedures we describe may be used by other laboratories to evaluate the performance of their phase fluorometers. PMID- 7299036 TI - A novel method for the study of fluorescent probes in biological material during exposure to microwave radiation. AB - Instrumentation has been developed which allows the monitoring of fluorescence in erythrocyte ghost membranes before, during, and after exposure to microwave radiation. Using non-fluorescent, UV-transmitting fiber optic cables, excitation light of specific wavelengths was delivered to a stirred sample undergoing irradiation (2450 MHz, CW) within a fluid-filled, temperature-controlled waveguide. Fluorescence was collected using an identical cable and transferred through appropriate filters to standard detecting, amplification and recording devices. We have used the fluorescent probe, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) to monitor the effect of microwave radiation on the binding of calcium to erythrocyte ghosts. Microwave radiation at specific absorption rates of 10 and 200 mW/g had no effect on the binding of ANS to the membranes. Dose-response curves also showed no influence of microwaves on calcium binding between 2.0 and 10.0 x 10(-4) M. In addition, experiments studying fluorescence energy transfer between intrinsic tryptophan residues and membrane bound ANS showed that intermolecular distances between donor and acceptor are also unaffected by microwave radiation. We have thus shown that 2450 MHz microwave radiation at the specific absorption rates used does not interfere with the binding of calcium to erythrocyte ghosts or alter intermolecular distances between intrinsic molecules and bound ANS. PMID- 7299037 TI - Spectrophotometric measurement of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - A spectrophotometric assay for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) has been adapted for use with cultured human fibroblasts. It is a coupled enzyme assay utilizing pigeon liver arylamine acetyltransferase to measure the acetyl-CoA produced by PDHC. Activity is proportional to fibroblast protein and to time and depends completely on added pyruvate, CoA and NAD. In extracts in which PDHC had been activated (dephosphorylated) by the method of Sheu et al. (Sheu, R.K.-F., Hu, C.C. and Utter, M.F. (1981) J. Clin. Invest. 67, 1463-1471), activities in control cell lines are 5-50-fold higher than in earlier reports. Low activity has been demonstrated in a line previously reported to be PDHC-deficient. PMID- 7299038 TI - Hypothalamic regulation of lipid metabolism in the rat: effect of hypothalamic stimulation on lipolysis. AB - In unanesthetized rats, electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) induced a marked increase in plasma concentration of glycerol, but did not increase the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, probably owing to a great elevation of plasma lactate which might inhibit the release of FFA from adipose tissue. In anesthetized rats, on stimulation of the VMH there was no remarkable increase in the plasma lactate, and the plasma glycerol and FFA concentrations were both elevated markedly. Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH), on the other hand, had no significant effects on plasma glycerol and FFA levels. Bilateral adrenodemedullation did not prevent the lipolytic response to VMH stimulation, although it reduced slightly the increment of plasma glycerol and FFA. However, the lipolytic response was completely blocked by previous treatment of the animals with hexamethonium or propranolol, but not with phentolamine. These results suggest that sympathetic innervation of the adipose tissue is the dominant factor involved in VMH-induced lipolysis in the rat, while the role of the adrenal medulla is subdominant; the effect of VMH stimulation is mainly transmitted through the sympathetic nervous system to beta adrenergic receptor of the adipose tissue. PMID- 7299039 TI - Gastric and pyloric motor response to sympathetic nerve stimulation after chemical sympathectomy. AB - This study evaluated the effect of electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve on gastric and gastroduodenal motility in 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA)-pretreated anesthetized dogs. Biopsies from the stomach, pylorus and duodenum were obtained and analyzed by catecholamine fluorescence microscopy. Degeneration of adrenergic terminals in Auerbach's plexus was complete at 1 week. The majority of stimulations in control dogs or dogs treated with 6--OHDA produced contractions in the gastric body, antrum, and pylorus and relaxation of inhibition in the duodenum. The excitatory motor responses in the gastric body, antrum and pylorus were unaffected by the administration of hexamethonium. Following atropine administration, contractions due to splanchnic nerve stimulation virtually were abolished in the antrum, pylorus and duodenum and were reduced in number in the gastric body. Relaxation and inhibition were no longer observed in the duodenum after atropine. The greater splanchnic nerve appears to contain both excitatory are inhibitory cholinergic pathways to the musculature of the stomach, pylorus, and duodenum. PMID- 7299040 TI - Heart rate changes reflecting modifications of efferent cardiac sympathetic outflow by cutaneous and muscle afferent volleys. AB - In cats anesthetized with chloralose and urethane graded electrical stimulation of cutaneous and muscle nerves of the fore- and hindlimb was performed and the resulting changes in heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. The vagus nerves were cut and the right carotid artery was tied off. The left carotid sinus was intact. Repetitive stimulation of cutaneous group II afferents did not change the heart rate nor the blood pressure. Cutaneous group III afferent activity led to an increased heart rate in about 70% of all trials. Very consistent increases in heart rate were always seen when repetitive group IV cutaneous volleys were elicited. Volleys in group I and II muscle afferents were ineffective. With group III muscle volleys bradycardiac (in about 40% of all trials) or tachycardiac (in about 30%) responses were observed. The nature of the response depended on the experimental situation but was difficult to predict or to modify. Stimulation of group IV muscle afferents always induced definite increases in heart rate. The latency for the onset of the heart rate changes was of the order of 3--10 s, and the time of peak during prolonged stimulation was about 20--30 s. There was a marked early and a small late response adaptation during prolonged repetitive stimulation, but the control heart rate was only reached some 40--65 s after the end of the stimulation. For group IV volleys the minimal effective frequency of the repetitive stimulation was between 0.25 and 1.0 Hz, the optimal one between 6 and 15 Hz. At higher stimulus frequencies a decline of the responses was observed. At the optimal frequency about 5 volleys were sufficient to induce a just detectable heart rate change. Mainly from the results obtained with group III fiber stimulation it is concluded that the intensity and direction of somatically induced heart rate changes are not strictly related to the afferent fiber groups (i.e. fiber threshold and diameter), as suggested by the concept of "pressor" and "depressor" nerve fibers, but to the modality of the receptive units which the fibers subserve. PMID- 7299041 TI - Changes in drinking behavior caused by superior cervical ganglionectomy and pinealectomy in rats. AB - The effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) or pinealectomy (Px) on drinking behavior was examined in rats subjected to a restricted photoperiod (i.e. 4 h of light per day). Both in male and female rats SCGx depressed water intake significantly from 1 to 3 days after surgery. After osmolar (i.p. 5% NaCl) or non-osmolar stimuli (s.c. isoproterenol) SCGx female rats exhibited a depressed response in water and NaCl intake, an effect not observed in male rats. Castration of male or female rats did not change their drinking behavior response to thirst stimuli. Px did not mimic SCGx in its effects on drinking behavior; moreover in sham-Px rats the water intake fell significantly after craniotomy. Following the injection of isoproterenol or i.p. hypertonic saline, the drinking behavior was the same in Px or sham-Px animals. To assess whether the effects of SCGx needed the presence of the pineal gland, Px or sham-Px rats were subjected to SCGx 9 days later. In both groups SCGx depressed water intake; however the inhibition that followed ganglia removal in Px rats was greater than that observed in animals with a pineal gland. Water and NaCl intake following isoproterenol or i.p. hypertonic saline were similar in both experimental groups. These results suggest that SCGx affects drinking behavior in part by pathways other than pineal denervation. PMID- 7299045 TI - A multiple-choice quiz board for health education. PMID- 7299042 TI - Parabrachial area as mediator of bradycardia in rabbits. AB - This study examined the role of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the mediation of bradycardia and in the reception of barosensory information. The 82 rabbits in the investigation were anesthetized with ethyl carbamate. Train stimulation of medial or lateral PBN produced primary bradycardia (mean peak change: -74 beats/min) associated with a pressor response (average peak mean change: +10 mm Hg) of longer latency. Section of the cervical vagus nerves indicated that the bradycardia was mediated primarily by the parasympathetic nervous system. Heart rate and blood pressure responses to train stimulation did not vary systematically as a function of respiratory pattern; paralyzing animals with decamethonium hydrochloride and artificially ventilating them also did not influence the cardiovascular responses to stimulation. Single-pulse stimulation of PBN in conjunction with extracellular single neuron recording established that neurons originating in or projecting through PBN project to the commissural region of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) where synapse is made neurons receiving barosensory input. In addition to establishing the existence of descending functional projections passing from PBN to NTS, injections of HRP into PBN revealed direct descending anatomical projections to PBN from regions of the forebrain previously implicated in the mediation of bradycardia. These included central nucleus of amygdala, lateral preoptic region, medial, forebrain bundle, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, anterior and lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta. The present investigation also indicated that PBN receives barosensory information. Single-pulse electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve (AN) activated neurons in NTS at an average latency of 7.5 ms and in PBN at a mean latency of 12.1 ms. Mean latency of 9 neurons in NTS activated antidromically by PBN stimulation was 3.4 ms. Conduction velocity of the monosynaptic fibers projecting from NTS to PBN was approximately 3.5 m/s, which would be characteristic of finely myelinated fibers. Injection of HRP into PBN confirmed the existence of direct ascending projections to PBN from regions of NTS (e.g. lateral commissural area) previously shown to receive primary barosensory input. However, the finding that only 1 of 9 NTS neurons antidromically activated by PBN stimulation also received barosensory stimulation, indicates that additional study is needed of the mono- and oligosynaptic functional projections from NTS to PBN. The present study did provide evidence that PBN both receives barosensory information at short latency over a direct route, and serves as a relay for descending projections mediating bradycardia. PMID- 7299044 TI - Experiments on graphic reconstruction in real perspective. PMID- 7299043 TI - Effect of Intermittent immobilization on the ultrastructure of the rat superior cervical ganglion. PMID- 7299046 TI - A method of standardization of photographic viewpoints for clinical photography. PMID- 7299047 TI - Television fundoscopy and fluoroscopy. PMID- 7299048 TI - Art therapy. PMID- 7299049 TI - Evaluation of a diagnostic test based on photographic photometry in infrared and ultraviolet radiation reflected by pigmented lesions of skin. PMID- 7299050 TI - There are no short cuts. PMID- 7299051 TI - Infrared and ultraviolet reflectance measurement as an aid to the diagnosis of pigmented lesions of skin. PMID- 7299052 TI - Development in printing and related technologies. PMID- 7299053 TI - Total cost recovery in a university photographic department. PMID- 7299054 TI - Microfiche-based exercise in clinical microbiology--a valuable assessment technique for teachers and students. PMID- 7299055 TI - Video techniques in film production. PMID- 7299056 TI - Standardized serial photography in the assessment of treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7299057 TI - In-house colour offset lithography for medical education: developments and applications. PMID- 7299058 TI - Cost recovery for instructional resources--boon or bane? PMID- 7299059 TI - A survey of the use of televised consultations by teachers of general practice. PMID- 7299060 TI - Fluorescein angiography of the anterior ocular segment using the Topcon OA-1 ocular camera. PMID- 7299061 TI - Oral fluoroscopy in a paediatric unit. PMID- 7299062 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy of Behcet's syndrome. Long term follow-up evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - 18 patients suffering from Behcet's disease were treated with chlorambucil. In addition 6 patients who were threatened by acute and permanent blindness received antilymphocyte globulines. The follow-up varies from 1 to 12 years with an average of 4,5 years. Recovery from ocular inflammation was total in 14 patients, and partial in 4 patients. 6 eyes underwent an uneventful cataract extraction. None of the 8 one-eyed patients became blind. The mean improvement of visual acuity at the end of the follow-up period was 0,4. However recurrences occurred in 3 patients when the treatment was stopped. In this series blood cell tolerance was the major problems encountered. The results achieved in this series lead to confirm that chlorambucil and A.L.G. have dramatically improved the ocular prognosis of Behcet's disease. However chlorambucil must not be considered to be the ultimate answer to the treatment of Behcet's disease since recurrences occur when the treatment has been stopped. In addition to this, long term treatments with chlorambucil involve a high risk of severe blood complications. PMID- 7299063 TI - [Experimental uveoretinitis induced in monkeys by retinal S antigen. Induction, histopathology (author's transl)]. AB - S antigen was isolated from human and bovine retinas and purified by two chromatographic steps. Its purity was controlled by SDS-electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Seven Cynomolgus monkeys received a single subcutaneous immunization with either 50 or 100 micrograms of human S antigen (5 animals) or 100 micrograms of bovine S antigen (2 animals) with complete Freund's adjuvant. All the monkeys had bilateral uveoretinitis and anti-"S" antibodies were found in their serum. The time course of the disease was followed clinically during one year and pathologic features were described at various time intervals. The disease includes prominent retinal vasculitis and granulomatous chorio-retinitis, with a chronic course, and leads after many months to almost complete destruction of the retina, with persistence of inflammatory infiltrates and pigment of cell migration. PMID- 7299064 TI - [Artificial lens implantation after intracapsular extraction (author's transl)]. AB - Results and complications following lens implants after intracapsular extraction in 226 patients are reported. Visual acuity greater than 5/10 was regained in 80 p. cent of the cases. The authors emphasize the development of intolerance manifestations to the lens (iritis, uveitis, sterile hypopion, cystoid macula oedema). Early detection of these complications, and their treatment by massive doses of corticoids should produce healing in the majority of cases. PMID- 7299065 TI - [Intraocular lens and ocular traumatism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299066 TI - [Ultrasonography and computed tomography in ophthalmological practice: comparative value during exploration of the eye and orbit (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonography is a completely harmless method of examining the eye and the orbit and uses light, inexpensive equipment, within the reach of any ophthalmologist, to provide excellent information concerning the eye and is also well adapted to orbital examination. Cephalic computed tomography, which uses ionizing radiation, is especially efficient in orbital investigations, but this kind of examination is only required in about 10% of cases. It requires expensive, cumbersome equipment and highly specialised staff; frequent use of this method, as well as the injection of contrast products, can be risky. The reader will find 3 tables that summarize briefly the comparative possibilities of ultrasonography and computed tomography in bulbar and orbital investigations and for biometry. A 4th table underlines the suitability of one method or the other in terms of the symptomatology. Consultation of this table could be a time-saver: the ophthalmologist would always begin with the method most likely to give the best information and not waste time doing both. As far as the globe and the orbit are concerned, ultrasonography is normally sufficient. When this method seems problematical or gives insufficient information, the investigation can easily be completed with a computed tomography. Using this method, therefore we can go some way towards limiting the irradiation of the crystalline lens (sometimes unjustified) and towards saving time and money within the Health Service. PMID- 7299067 TI - [Cortisone-induced glaucoma: a report on 44 affected eyes (author's transl)]. AB - A clinical study of 44 eyes in 22 patients with cortisone-induced glaucoma confirmed the importance of the duration of employ of the corticoid. Those patients who had instilled the medication for less than 8 weeks recovered normal ocular tension after discontinuation of the corticoid. On the contrary, those who had employed the corticoid for more than 4 years did not regain normal ocular tension, and medical treatment, or even surgical therapy in a large number of cases, had to be employed. The frequency of congenital anomalies of the angle has to be emphasized, particularly persistence of the pectinate ligament. Papilla asymmetry was noted in a large percentage of cases, and was related to the difference in the stage of evolution of the eyes. The appearance of the papilla has important prognostic value. Of the patients with abnormal papilla, 61.9 p. cent had normal ocular tension after stopping treatment, but normal tension did not appear in patients with anexcavated and apale papilla. The authors consider trabeculotomy to be the operation of choice in cortisone induced glaucoma, but this tends to be ineffective in young patients because of sclerous and/or conjunctival blocking. PMID- 7299068 TI - [An intra-ocular electromagnet (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299069 TI - Pesticide induced changes in the mouse hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system and other enzymes. AB - Livers of mice previously treated with potential inducers were tested for effects on the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system (including its constituent electron transport enzymes) and other enzymes. Microsomes were also examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pesticides, including chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, a carbamate, and an insecticide synergistic were tested for induction along with the well known inducers, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. The results indicate that the pesticide inducers tested are of the phenobarbital type. PMID- 7299070 TI - Excretion balance, metabolic fate and tissue residues following treatment of rats with amitraz and N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine. AB - Amitraz and its metabolite N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methyl-formamidine (BTS 27271) were administered orally to white rats. Both compounds were rapidly metabolized and eliminated primarily via the urine. The cumulative percentage of the dose eliminated in the urine was 77.6 for amitraz and 88.7 for BTS-27271 by 96 hr posttreatment. Amitraz degradation products present in urine included BTS 27271, 2,4-dimethylformanilide, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 4-formamido-3-methylbenzoic acid, 4-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid, and several unknowns. BTS-27271 degradation products in rat urine were similar to those found with amitraz. Tissue residues generally were low (less than 25 ppb) with the exception of those in liver. PMID- 7299071 TI - Ochratoxin A and penicillic acid interaction in mice. AB - Penicillic Acid (PA) and Ochratoxin A (OA) are toxic fungal metabolites that are synergistic in combination. This interaction was investigated using mice which were doses orally as follows: control, none; solvent control, 0.2 ml bicarbonate buffer; PA, 40 mg/kg; OA, 10 mg/kg and combination, 40 mg/kg PA + 10 mg/kg OA. The only significant histopathologic change observed was an acute multifocal toxic tubular nephrosis which appeared most severe in the combination-treated mice killed on day 10. While the combination group had a death rate of 20% (5/25), no deaths occurred in the other treatment groups. The increased death rate and the extensive nephrotoxic findings in the combination group indicate a toxic interaction between OA and PA at sublethal dose levels and is consistent with a renal site of action. PMID- 7299072 TI - Effects of cadmium, zinc, copper and manganese on hepatic parenchymal cell gluconeogenesis. AB - The effects of divalent cations on gluconeogenesis in enzymatically isolated rat hepatic parenchymal cells were examined. Cadmium, zinc and copper decreased glucose production from lactate (10 mM). However, manganese at 0.05 to 1.0 mM levels stimulated gluconeogenesis by the cells and reduced the effects of the Cd+2, Zn+2 and Cu+2 on gluconeogenesis. The results indicate that under these in vitro conditions the cations altered an aspect of hepatic function- gluconeogenesis from lactate. PMID- 7299073 TI - Antimicrobial effects of clofibrate on the wheat pathogen Fusarium culmorum. AB - The biological effects of clofibrate (ethyl p-chlorophenoxy-isobutyric acid) on the growth and metabolism of the soil-borne wheat pathogen Fusarium culmorum, were examined. In mid log phase (16 hr) cultures both phenylalanine uptake and secondary spore production were stimulated at 0.1 microM concentration; the net sterol content was reduced 50% at 0.35 microM; oxygen uptake was stimulated at 0.1 mM; growth was inhibited 50% at 0.1 mM concentration. Both phenylalanine and oxygen uptake were inhibited at 1.0 mM and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was reduced 50% at 50 mM concentration of clofibrate. The data indicate that clofibrate affects a number of biological and enzyme systems. The inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogen suggest a potential use of hypolipidemic agents like clofibrate as an antifungal agent for seed protection. PMID- 7299074 TI - Persistence of four pyrethroid insecticides in a mineral and an organic soil. AB - Permethrin, cypermethrin, fenpropanate and fenvalerate (emulsifiable concentrates) were applied at 280 g AI/ha and incorporated into mineral and organic soil contained in small field plots. Radishes and carrots were grown to serve as indicators of insecticide uptake. Similar plots were treated with the same insecticides at 140 g AI/ha and the soil surface was left undisturbed following application. Soil cores were removed at appropriate intervals and the crops were harvested when mature. The insecticide concentration in all samples was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The amount of insecticide in the soil declined rapidly to less than 50% of the initial value in 1 month or less for most material-soil-treatment combinations and within 2 months for all cases. Concentrations remained in excess of 0.01 ppm in the organic soil for at least six months for all material-treatment combinations but fell below this level over 2-5 months in the mineral soils. Organic soil incorporated fenvalerate was the most persistent combination overall with 25, 17 and 7% remaining at 6, 18 and 28 months respectively. The trans-isomers of permethrin and cypermethrin disappeared more quickly than the cis-isomers but the insecticidally active IR isomers were not preferentially degraded relative to the inactive 1S. No residues (less than 0.01 ppm) were found in the radish or carrot crops. First order disappearance rates were not constant for any of the combinations. A comparison of partial rate constants showed: 1) 0-1 mo rates were generally greater in mineral than organic soil, 2) 1-6 mo rates in organic soil were lower than 0-1 mo rates, 3) 1-6 mo rates for surface applications to organic soil were generally less than for incorporated applications. In laboratory experiments, 0-1 mo rates for fenvalerate disappearance in a mineral soil were 2-3x greater for 0.5 ppm than for 10 ppm while 1-6 mo rates were independent of insecticide concentration but were 1.5x greater for 0.5% moisture than for 5%. PMID- 7299075 TI - The penetration of formulated Guthion spray through selected fabrics. AB - A technique for comparing pesticide penetration through fabric was devised. It involved passing fabric swatches through a controlled spray system and measuring the pesticide residue transferring on and through the tested fabric. Six variations in fabric were selected for testing: 100% cotton woven chambray, Scotch-guard treated chambray, Tyvek, Crowntex, and two variations of Gore Tex. Guthion (azinphos-methyl) was chosen as the insecticide for controlled use in this experiment because of its widespread use and relatively high toxicity. Gas chromatographic analysis of the amount of Guthion transferred through the outer fabric was made by the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test. The ANOVA for experiment replication showed no significant difference among the replications of each fabric. The treatment ANOVA was highly significant at the 0.01 level. Duncan's multiple range test further analyzed the differences in the treatment, and three groups were found to be significantly different from each other. The two types of Gore Tex, Tyvek and Crowntex comprised the group permitting the least penetration Scotch-guard treated chambray followed, and untreated chambray allowed the greatest penetration. PMID- 7299076 TI - Studies on the residues of phosalone on chilli by GLC after multiband plate cleanup. AB - Four sprays of 0.05 and 0.10% phosalone were given on chilli (Capsicum annuum Linn.) crop at an interval of 15 days starting from 21 days after transplanting. Residues were determined in the green chilli fruits by GLC after cleanup of extract on multiband thin-layer plate. The half-lives of residues were 1.55 and 1.68 days on chilli fruits from the crop treated with four sprays of 0.05 and 0.10% phosalone respectively. The time required to reach the tolerance limit of 1 ppm after last spray with 0.05 and 0.10% emulsion was 4.75 and 7.62 days respectively. Washing of fruits under tap water was found effective in bringing down the level of phosalone residue by 21.64 to 75.11%. PMID- 7299077 TI - Effect of DDT, fauna and flooding on microsomal growth in soil. AB - Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of DDT, fauna and flooding on microbial growth in a sandy loam. Results indicated that soil microorganisms can tolerate the presence of DDT. Earthworms singly or in combination with springtails affected the average population of fungi in the DDT untreated samples and of aerobic bacteria in the DDT-treated soils. Soil animals did not appear to have any effect on the populations of anaerobic bacteria. However, waterlogging brought about a decrease in aerobic bacteria and fungal populations, and an increase in anaerobic bacteria in both soils. PMID- 7299078 TI - The interaction of aging and endurance exercise upon the mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle. AB - Mitochondrial function was determined in sedentary-control animals, 150, 300 and 720 days of age, and in endurance-trained animals 300 and 720 days of age. The mitochondria were isolated from two regions of the cell of the gastrocnemius plantaris muscle, subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar. State 3 respiration did not change with increasing age in control animals, but endurance training enhanced state 3 respiration in both the 300 and 720 day old trained animals. Age decreased the amount of intermyofibrillar mitochondrial protein, while training increased the mitochondrial protein of both regions of the cell. The decrease in oxidative metabolism in the skeletal muscle resulted from a decrease in mitochondrial protein, not to a decrease on mitochondrial function. PMID- 7299079 TI - Age, isometric strength, rate of tension development and fiber type composition. AB - Knee extension isometric strength, rate of absolute and relative tension development, and vastus lateralis muscle fiber type composition was examined in 15 old (means = 64.5 years) and 9 young (means = 23.2 years) subjects. Strength was assessed using a 5-sec maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and a fast maximal voluntary contraction (FMVC). MVC and FMVC were not significantly different in the Young group while in the Old group the FMVC was 19% greater than the MVC. These data suggested that usual strength testing methodology may considerably overestimate age-related strength loss. MVC, FMVC, and FT/ST muscle fiber area ratio were significantly lower in the Old group; rate of relative tension development was similar in Young and Old groups. FT/ST area ratio correlated with strength in the Young group and with rate of relative tension development in both groups. It was concluded that relative rate of tension development is unimpaired and related to FT fiber size while absolute tension level is impaired and unrelated to FT fiber size in the Old group. PMID- 7299080 TI - Effects of aerobic training on reactive capacity: an animal model. AB - Young (120 day) and Old (500 day) Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Young exercisers, young control, old exercisers, and old controls. All animals were shaped, over a 7-day period, on an escape and avoidance task that produced very rapid responses ranging from 100 to 200 msec in the shortest CS-UCS intervals. Both the young and old exercise groups aerobically trained for 6 months by running daily on a rodent treadmill up to 1 hour. Aerobic training effects, measured by oxygen consumption per gram of gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle tissue revealed that the exercise groups were well trained, expressed by a 71% and 97% increase in oxygen utilization by the young and old groups respectively. Reactive capacity results revealed that on some variables the old trained animals were faster in both escape and avoidance responses than the old control animals. The shorter the CS-UCS interval, the greater the differences were between the age groups and the trained and control animals. The aerobic training main effect was significant after 3 months of training as well as after 6 months. Viable mechanisms to explain the results are discussed. PMID- 7299081 TI - Spontaneous hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterus in mice. AB - A histologic study was done on the spontaneously occurring hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterus, cervix, and vagina taken from a variety of inbred, hybrid, and backcross female mice. The most commonly observed neoplasm of the endometrium was stromal cell sarcoma, followed by adenocarcinoma, which occurred approximately half as frequently. Hyperplasia was the most commonly observed endometrial lesion occurring either as glandular, stromal, or both and was often cystic with the formation of polyps. Among the benign and malignant lesions other than endometrial, leiomyomas, hemangioendotheliomas and leiomyosarcomas were the most commonly encountered. Lesions in the mucosal cervix and vagina were comparatively rare and were observed in only a few animals. Females with hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterus, cervix, and vagina in this survey represented a small fraction of the large number of animals necropsied, emphasizing the relative infrequency of these spontaneous lesions in mice. PMID- 7299082 TI - Age-related changes in 3H-uridine uptake in the mouse. AB - The uptake of a nucleic acid precursor as related to age was studied in mice. Newborn, young (3-month-old) and old (18 to 24-months-old) mice were given 3H uridine orally through a plastic tube and sacrificed 4 and 21 hours later. Uptake was studied autoradiographically in nerve cells of the fifth layer of parietal cortex, the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, the hepatocytes of the liver and the epithelium of the small intestine. While uptake decreased in all tissues with age, this was significant only after 4 hours. This decrease indicates that impaired nucleic acid metabolism may be related to aging. PMID- 7299083 TI - On the dominance of the old-age stereotype. AB - The stereotypes of groups identified by age (35- or 70-year-old) and either by sex (male, female), occupation (engineer, bus driver), or ethnicity (Canadian Indian, White Canadian) were assessed in a sample of college students and in a sample of elderly persons. The findings indicate that the observers stereotype young mature adults in terms of a variety of features; however, they stereotype old people mainly in terms of their age. This pattern holds for both the college sample and the elderly sample. The old-age stereotype that emerged consisted mainly of the following attributes: conservative, traditional, present-oriented, and moral. The implications of these findings for the perception of old people are discussed. PMID- 7299084 TI - Late stage cancer patients: age differences in their psychophysical status and response to counseling. AB - Much has been written about working with dying patients. To evaluate counseling, 120 terminally ill cancer patients were randomly assigned to counseling or no counseling and studied before random assignment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months on quality of life variables (alienation, depression, locus of control, life satisfaction, self-esteem) as well as functional status and survival. Counseled patients changed significantly in comparison to controls and in a favorable direction by 3 months. The purpose here was to see if older and younger cancer patients differed at baseline and if outcomes of counseling differed by age. Patients under age 60 were compared with those 60 and over. There was no multivariate difference at baseline but univariate differences of more disability and less life satisfaction in the older group. Overall, response to therapy was similar in old and young, with both improving. PMID- 7299085 TI - Amplitude/standard deviation functions of somatosensory evoked potential recovery in healthy elderly and young adults. AB - Adjusted recovery ratios of somatosensory evoked potentials were computed using Callaway's amplitude/standard deviation measure of electrocortical activity in post-stimulus epochs of 15-30, 31-50, 51-90, and 90-240 msec. Significant differences in amount of recovery and shape of the recovery functions between young and elderly adults were observed only in early (15-90 msec) phases of the responses; subjects aged 60-70 did not differ from those aged 71-80. The results demonstrate a complex interaction between age and recovery, with stability of recovery functions after age 60. PMID- 7299086 TI - Adult age differences in deductive reasoning processes. AB - To explore deductive inference processes on concept learning a problem was given to individuals from four groups: younger adults (mean age 20.0 years), middle aged adults (41.4 years), and two groups of older adults (65.4 and 71.5 years). The first three groups were college students or college graduates; the last group was drawn from the local community. Likelihood of solution was lower in the older groups; the two older groups did not differ, not did the younger and middle-aged groups. Analyses of hypotheses generated during the task showed that those who failed to solve the problem, whatever their age, overlooked evidence that a dimension as relevant (but only when attention had not been drawn previously to that dimension) and failed to respond appropriately when a dimension was shown to be irrelevant. PMID- 7299087 TI - Semantic priming of lexical decisions in young and old adults. AB - Twenty-four young (M = 28 years) and 24 old (M = 70 years) adults completed a lexical decision task in which they saw two strings of letters on each trial and were asked to respond "yes" only if both strings were words. For both ages, decisions were faster when the words were associated than when they were not. This pattern emerged for both ages, regardless of whether the associated pairs were category-member or descriptive-property associates. The same participants were also presented with a list of words to free recall. There was a decline with age both in the number of words recalled and in the degree of categorical clustering, particularly of low frequency category exemplars. Viewed from the perspective of two-process semantic activation models, these results place constraints on processing-deficit theories, and are consistent with the hypothesis that effortful processes change with aging, whereas automatic processes do not. PMID- 7299088 TI - The use of fact retrieval vs. inference in young and elderly adults. AB - The relationship between age and utilization of fact retrieval versus inferential question-answering processes was examined. Four groups of participants were used (n = 10; N = 40), representing a 2 x 2 stratification of age (24 to 31 vs. 65 to 76) and information available for question-answering (high vs. low). Two experimental tasks, introspection and choice reaction time, were used. In both tasks, older adults engaged in more inferential processing than younger adults, although this difference was statistically significant in the reaction time task alone. These results were discussed in terms of a possible advanced stage of cognitive development or a reaction to internalized negative stereotypes about memory loss. PMID- 7299089 TI - Frequency variability in the aged voice. AB - Fundamental frequency variations were examined in readings of the fourth and fifth sentences of the "Rainbow Passage" and in the sustained vowel /a/ produced by 20 young adults and 20 older adults. The Tektronix Visipitch provided the fundamental frequency contour (frequency variations in continuous reading) and Honeywell Visicorder determined frequency perturbation in the sustained vowel. Results showed that older speakers produced lower pitches, larger intonational ranges, and greater numbers of inflections in reading than did younger speakers. The maximum change in inflection produced by older adults was significantly greater than that of young adults. In addition, frequency perturbation found in the sustained vowel production of older speakers was significantly greater than that of younger speakers. Information concerning the perceived pitch characteristics of the voices was also obtained. Implications of these findings for the effects of aging on voice as well as diagnosis of laryngeal dysfunction were discussed. PMID- 7299090 TI - Social impact of hearing loss in the aged. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether presbycusic hearing pattern and social involvement of the aged are related. Fifty individuals with presbycusic hearing patterns were asked specific questions about their social activities. A monthly interaction score, a role count, and a programmed participation score were generated for each person. Correlations were computed between each of these scores and the hearing thresholds. The results indicated that social involvement was not related significantly to the amount of hearing loss in this population. PMID- 7299091 TI - Age differences and practice in forward visual masking. AB - Three groups of subjects of mean age 24-, 65, and 74-years were contrasted with respect to performance on a forward visual masking task. Twenty-five-year-olds required 24.5 msec to escape masking, 65-year-olds required 52.2 msec, and 74 year-olds, 69.5 msec. These findings suggested that increased age yields a rise in susceptibility to forward masking by visual noise. The effects of practice on age reduction in the interstimulus interval required to escape masking for each age group. There was, however, no significant interaction between age and practice. PMID- 7299092 TI - Retirement, identity and well-being: realignment of role relationships. AB - Gerontological research has struggled with the meanings of adjustment and the implications of retirement. Data from a national survey are used to investigate the impact of background variables and the retirement of men on their community activities, visiting friends, identity, and well-being. Findings include that: (1) retirement is not directly associated with visiting friends, identity, or well-being; (2) but does indirectly encourage an older identity and discourage well-being through its effect on community activities; (3) lack of community activities is the strongest predictor of an older identity for both working men and retired men; and (4) community activities has the strongest effect on the well-being of both. PMID- 7299093 TI - Lifetime achievement patterns, retirement and life satisfaction of gifted aged women. AB - The relationship of lifetime achievement patterns and retirement to life satisfaction for gifted aging women was investigated. Participants were 352 women in Terman's study of the gifted who were surveyed in 1977 at a mean age of 66. Lifetime achievement pattern was defined by either homemaker, job, or career work history. Dependent variables included health, happiness, life satisfaction, work attitudes, ambitions and aspirations, and participation in leisure activities. Results showed variations on life satisfaction measures as a function of lifetime career, with job holders generally less satisfied. There was a significant interaction between marital status and work pattern on overall life satisfaction suggesting an additive negative effect on the older woman of loss of spouse and a work history of working for income alone. Activity involvement varied as a function of retirement status and was differentially related to life satisfaction as a function of retirement status and career pattern. PMID- 7299094 TI - Perceived and objective conditions as predictors of the life satisfaction of urban and non urban elderly. AB - The effects of objective and subjective conditions on the life satisfaction of urban and non urban elderly are examined in a sample consisting of 1405 randomly selected elderly Vermonters in a four-county area of Northwestern Vermont. Results confirm that there are few significant objective differences between urban and non urban elderly. However, the non urban feel subjectively that they are better off on most conditions. Perceived evaluations of status are found to be better predictors of life satisfaction than objective measures. Furthermore, most disadvantaged conditions' are better predictors of life satisfaction for urban residents than for non urban residents. PMID- 7299095 TI - [Auditory perception and fetal reaction to react to sound stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - The confirmation of techniques used to stimulate the fetus in utero led us to an exhaustive study of spontaneous intra-uterine noises and those modified by different stimuli (while evaluating the diagnosis of fetal distress with flat cardiac rhythm during pregnancy). By the use of elaborate techniques simultaneously we could appreciate the signal and analyse the information obtained and we able to show incontrovertibly that over and above the basal sound that the fetus could hear it could appreciate the mother's voice and other voices, which were perfectly audible to it but lacking in tone because the sharp frequencies were absorbed. The first results of stimulation using calibrated sounds seem to confirm that the fetus does not react to a sound stimulus when it is in a state of fetal distress, but when there is no fetal distress it does react immediately by change in the heart rate, often associated with movements. This technique, incidentally, can be used to show if the fetus can hear well in the uterus in cases of family deafness or of rubella associated with pregnancy. PMID- 7299096 TI - [Placental localisation : screening and prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasounds are the best means at present available for observing the placenta. It follows that it is necessary to appreciate the different phases that occur in placental development. Ultrasound will allow us to work out this evolution and to look for abnormalities that may develop. The placenta becomes an entity at about the 12th week of amenorrhoea. Precise localisation of the placenta is possible in the second trimester of pregnancy, but the final site of the placenta is not fixed in the uterus because different segments develop unevenly. All the same, it is necessary to make a prognosis of the risks of an abnormal insertion of the placenta at the end of pregnancy. It is therefore necessary to be precise in localising the placenta. There are several sources of error which have to be avoided: -- difficulty of exact localisation of the internal os of the cervix. -- the existence of thickening of the myometrium, which forms a reserve for uterine stretch.. These thickenings sometimes come at the same places as the placenta and it may be difficult to differentiate one from the other. -- the presence of placental folds. There are several different elements involving prognosis : -- the site of the lower edge of the placenta in relationship to the internal os. -- the site of the upper edge of the placenta in relationship to the fundus of the uterus. This, statistically, is the best index of prognosis, and so we suggest a classification. -- finally the volume of the myometrium between the lower edge of the placenta and the internal os gives an idea and allows us to work out how the lower segment can stretch. Finally, it is by combining all these elements in a study that a better prognosis can be worked out for the final site of the placenta in the uterus. It is only in the third trimester of pregnancy after the lower segment has formed that the final site of the placenta can be confirmed and that a decision can be taken on the way patient should be treated. PMID- 7299097 TI - [Correlations between breathing movements, motor activity and cardiac rhythm in the fetus (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-six patients who were between 34 and 41 weeks pregnant and who had no pathological condition were monitored at the same time by real time ultrasound and fetal cardiac monitoring. The observation carried out consisted in carefully recording the two principal types of fetal activity : breathing and active movements, which compared with changes in fetal cardiac rhythm. In this way it is possible to show that muscular activity carried out by the fetus brought about an increase in the heart rate in 91.7% of cases. Breathing activity does not by itself alter the heart rate but in 50% of cases it is followed by motor activity which does accelerate the heart's rhythm. PMID- 7299099 TI - [Death in utero of a fetus in multiple pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - Six intrauterine deaths which occurred in the course of our survey of 160 multiple pregnancies are reported here. The way of handling them obstetrically is discussed, taking note of the facts given in the literature. When prevention is possible it rests on consecutive clinical and paraclinical observation. Ultrasound tomography is of the greatest possible value to diagnose poor intrauterine growth in one fetus. When one has died and this has been confirmed, routine Caesarean section seems to be indicated to allow the remaining twin to escape, as much from the risk of chronic fetal distress as from the added risks that follow on the retention of a dead fetus. PMID- 7299098 TI - [Triploid embryonic molar pregnancy. Special aspects of one case (author's transl)]. AB - Echotomography and a caryotype were carried out on the liquor and at an interval of one week between the two, two series of hormone levels were also carried out on the liquor and on the peripheral venous blood of a molar triploid pregnancy diagnosed clinically. These results have been compared with those that are known to occur in hydatidiform mole, and in other case histories that have been published of embryonic mole. The histological appearance of the fetal gonads resembles that found in Klinefelter's syndrome. The tests carried out on the HLA systems of the parents and of the fetus favours a maternal origin for the extra chromosomal complement. PMID- 7299100 TI - [The "engaged" or "non-engaged" head : reconsideration of Farabeuf's sign (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299101 TI - [Induction for termination of pregnancy in the second trimester and for delivery of babies dead in utero using intramuscular injections of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha (author's transl)]. AB - Intramuscular injection of 15-methyl-PGF2 alpha was used to induce 48 terminations of pregnancy in the second trimester as well as to deliver 8 cases of death in utero and one hydatidiform mole. It is an effective method of treatment with a failure rate of 1.9%. As compared to the administration of pain relieving drugs intravenously, continuous epidural analgesia has shown itself to be the only method which will allow the best possible conditions for the maintenance and control of prostaglandin induction to be carried out, suppressing effectively even the pains which are associated with uterine contractions brought on by prostaglandin. Although this method of systemic administration of prostaglandin does avoid any intervention through the cervicovaginal route, it does not completely do away with rare infections which are found to complicate matters when PGF2 alpha gel is administered by the extra-amniotic route. All the same, the acceptability and use of this method as a routine method must be limited by the high incidence of episodes of diarrhoea which are made worse by paralysis of the sphincters that is inseparable from epidural analgesia. PMID- 7299102 TI - Glycosaminoglycans and collagen in human amnion from pregnancies with and without premature rupture of the membranes. AB - Glycosaminoglycans and collagen were measured in dried samples of human amnion from pregnancies with and without premature rupture of the membranes. The major sulphated glycosaminoglycans were dermatan and chondroitin sulphates. The concentration of sulphated glycosaminoglycans decreased significantly towards term in both groups of patients (with, r=--0.720, and without, r=-0.631, premature rupture of membranes), the decrease occurring earlier in gestation in the PROM group (P less than 0.005). There was a positive correlation between the sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen concentrations in both groups of samples (with, r = 0.697 and without, r = 0.493, premature rupture of membranes). The only unsulphated glycosaminoglycan identified in amnion was hyaluronate which was present in higher concentrations (P less than 0.005) in term samples (10.67 +/- 5.5 microgram/mg) than in pre-term samples (5.45 +/- 2.98 microgram/mg). There was a negative correlation between the hyaluronate and collagen concentrations (r = -0.455). The associations between decreasing concentration of both sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen with increasing concentrations of hyaluronate in amnion are consistent with observed changes in the tensile properties of the amnion towards term and are explicable in terms of accepted mechanisms of connective tissue remodelling. PMID- 7299103 TI - Subcutaneous Starling forces in the unanaesthetized guinea-pig fetus with indwelling catheters. AB - We placed capsules in fetal guinea-pigs for measuring the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid and for collecting samples of interstitial fluid. The vitelline artery and vein were cannulated to measure blood pressures. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (mmHg) and total protein concentration (g/100 ml) were measured in samples taken from other adult and fetal guinea-pigs and were found to be related by colloid osmotic pressure = 0.16 + 2.32 X protein concentration. The colloid osmotic pressures of fetal plasma and fetal interstitial fluid, calculated from measured protein concentrations, were 10.6 +/- 0.4 mmHg and 9.1 +/- 0.6 mmHg (mean +/- SEM). The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid was 0.2+/- 0.3 mmHg below intra-uterine pressure and the mean capillary blood pressure was calculated to be 1.3 +/- 0.8 mmHg above intra-uterine pressure. Arterial and venous blood pressures in the vitelline vessels were 29.0 +/- 0.9 and 3.8 +/- 0.6 mmHg above intra-uterine pressure. The ratio of pre- to -post capillary resistance was, therefore, greater than 10. PMID- 7299104 TI - Influences of fixatives on the immunodetection of calcitonin in mouse "C" cells during pre- and post- natal development. AB - The presence of calcitonin in fetal and postnatal mouse "C" cell was demonstrated by radioimmunoassays of fetal and adult thyroid extracts and by immunohistochemistry following the use of Bouin's fixative from 18 days postcoitum onwards. However, after fixation with formaldehyde no calcitonin could be detected in fetal or early postnatal samples, although it was still easily detectable in adult tissues treated with this fixative, raising the possibility that there may be age-dependent differences in the chemistry or physiological state of intracellular calcitonin. Experiments conducted with several other fixatives and the results of the radioimmunoassays suggest that the loss of calcitonin reactivity is not due to differences in the anti-genic sites of the molecule at the two stages in development. Neither can the positive detection of fetal material treated with Bouin's fixative be due to any action of this liquid. However, the inhibiting action of the aldehydes could be related to the preservation of the granule membranes in the fetal "C" cells: our ultrastructural studies show that the granules can be morphologically classified in dense-core and homogeneous matrix. Such granule membranes are abundant in the young and adult "C" cell and would be reactive, while the small dense-core granules are prevalent in the fetus and would be unreactive, confirming the hypothesis of a difference of structure of the granule membrane and not of calcitonin between fetal and late postnatal "C" cells. PMID- 7299105 TI - Feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid analysis of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells using scanning- integrating microdensitometry. AB - A procedure entailing the use of the Feulgen reaction is described for precise quantification of nuclear DNA levels in smooth muscle cells (SMC) of paraffin processed microtome sections of the rabbit aorta. It was established that maximal, stable, and reproducible Feulgen-DNA (F-DNA) staining of SMC nuclei is achieved using 3.5 N HCl hydrolysis of 30-50 min prior to staining of aortic sections in Schiff reagent for 60 min at 22 degrees C. Scanning-integrating microdensitometry of Feulgen-stained SMC revealed that the tunica media is comprised of a relatively homogeneous population of cells with between 0.3 and 1% of the SMC nuclei yielding 3C or 4C (tetraploid) F-DNA levels, depending on location within the aortic wall. The nuclear chromatin in inner medial SMC was found to be in a more dispersed state than that of outer SMC (using nuclear area and nuclear susceptibility to acid hydrolysis as indices of chromatin dispersion). A linear correspondence was evidenced between nuclear area and nuclear F-DNA stainability throughout the tunica media. The observation that the lumenal portion of the tunica media contains a greater abundance of SMC with large, vesicular nuclei is interpreted as reflecting a greater metabolic reactivity of this compartment relative to that of SMC bordering the tunica adventitia. PMID- 7299106 TI - The global programme of smallpox eradication. PMID- 7299107 TI - Neurological changes in vinyl chloride-exposed workers. PMID- 7299108 TI - Experimental skin sensitization in guinea pigs verified by the skin test and the lymphocyte migration inhibition test. AB - The sensitization properties of a number of chemicals were estimated on experimental models, using white female guinea pigs. Sensitization as effected in four ways a) intradermal application jointly with Freund's complete adjuvants (FCA), b) repeated epicutaneous applications together with FCA intradermally, c) a single intradermal application of the tested substance to the ear lobe, d) a single injection of the substance together with FCA into the paws. The results were evaluated with the skin test (ST) and in vitro with the macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT). The suitability of these methodical procedures was verified and agreement in the positivity of the ST and MIT confirmed. The sensitization effect of the tested substance does not depend on the intensity of skin reaction but on the frequency of positive skin test results in the monitored sample. PMID- 7299110 TI - An epidemiological study of urinary tract infections in Benghazi, Libya. AB - Two groups of patients comprised 100 males and 100 females were investigated. All patients were more than 15 years of age and presented to the medical outpatient department with urinary tract symptoms. Fifty six male and female patients had no significant bacteriuria despite symptoms similar to those observed in 144 bacteriuric patients. Pyuria was observed in both bacteriuric and non-bacteriuric patients. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated from clinical specimens and was followed by Proteus sp. and Staph epidermidis. Escherichia coli was the main cause of acute urinary tract infection in adult females, while Proteus sp. caused a significantly greater proportion of symptomatic infections in males. Streptococcus faecalis was isolated only from males, and irrespective of chemotherapy. Infections with Staph epidermidis resembled the coliform ones, especially in the nature and severity of symptoms and in the degree of pyuria. Although E. coli and Proteus sp. were more predominant in our patients a wider range of resistant bacteria was involved. This development of resistance to antibacterial agents may be due to the frequent prescription of these agents by the general practitioners in public health clinics, dispensing of antibiotics by private pharmacies to the general public without medical prescriptions, and the misusage of these antibiotics by the general population. PMID- 7299109 TI - Combined action of chromium and nickel on mouse and hamster fibroblast cell lines. AB - Suspension cultures of mouse fibroblasts L-A 115 and Chinese hamster 237-2a fibroblast were used to study combined action of chromium and nickel ions. The growth curve analysis of L-A cell lines revealed a lethal effect of Cr(VI) concentrations 10(-3)-10(-5)M on cultured cells, concentrations 10(-6)-10(-8)M produced a significant growth inhibition. On the other hand, Cr(III) concentrations 10(-3)-10(-5)M had no effect on cellular growth, which confirms that Cr(VI) is more toxic than Cr(III), even for cultured cells. Ni(II) concentration 10(-3)M was considerably cytotoxic, concentrations 10(-4)-10(-6)M had practically no effect on the cell growth. The combined action of two non toxic concentrations Ni(II) 10(-5)M X Cr(III) 10(-3)M showed a pronounced of action and produced a 50% growth inhibition in comparison with controls. Surprising and unexpected results were also obtained by the cytogenetic analysis of Chinese hamster 237-2a cells exposed to the combination Ni(II) 10(-6)M X Cr(III) 10(-4)M; the number of detected aberrant cells was significantly lower than the number expected after a simple summation of actions. The reduced mutagenic activity of these Cr(III) and Ni(II) concentrations at their combined action can be ascribed to the stimulation of cellular repair mechanisms. PMID- 7299111 TI - Yaws in rural Accra. AB - Thanks to a yaws control programme launched in Ghana in 1956, yaws morbidity decreased to below 0.2% in all the Regions of Ghana except the Eastern Region and some districts of the Western Region by 1962. However, there has since been progressive growth in yaws morbidity up to a present level of 0.6%, and this trend, should it continue, causes concern. Questionnaire forms were used to collect data on three most heavily affected villages and were completed for 20% of the adult population (above 15 years of age). Doubtful cases were referred to the author for verification directly, but the author also checked all evident cases detected by local examiners. Out of a total population of 1641, 443 persons were examined and given questionnaires. It was evident that the majority of the respondents (about 90%) were families with yaws; most of them had seen the disease but did not know its cause. Out of the 443 respondents, 235 (53%) said the cause was not known to them, 154 (34.7%) said it was dirt and 54 (12.2%) attributed yaws to a natural cause. The majority of the respondents were in agreement that, no matter what its cause, the disease can be transmitted by social contact. Yaws control programmes should be included in primary health programmes, so that the pertinent sanitary instruction, epidemiological surveillance and treatment could be freed of their heavy dependence on transport. PMID- 7299112 TI - Changes in some indices of cellular immunity in patients with uncomplicated and complicated healing of bone fractures. PMID- 7299113 TI - Type 5 adenovirus isolated from urine of patient with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7299114 TI - Investigation into the state of antimicrobial resistance in puerperal women and in the newborn. AB - The state of antimicrobial resistance of the organism of puerperal women and newborn children was studied by determining the number of skin autoflora microbes according to N. N. Klemparskaya and G. A. Shal'nova (1966). A total of 125 puerperal women and 120 newborn were examined during the 5 days of their stay in maternity hospital. A continuous increase in the number of skin autoflora microbes were observed in the newborn. From the 1st to the 5th day, the group of children with a raised concentration of microbes on their skin made up 6.0, 15.7, 24.5, 36.8 and 46.0%, respectively. Among puerperal women, the number of those with a raised concentration of skin autoflora microbes reached its maximum (43.2%) on the 3rd day after delivery. It decreased to 18% by the moment of discharge from maternity hospital. The number of newborn with a high concentration of skin microbes was found to be significantly higher among children who had suffered purulent- inflammatory infections during the first month of life as compared with the group of children who had not fallen ill. The establishment of the number of skin autoflora microbes can serve as a prognostic test for detecting groups of newborn with a higher risk of falling ill with purulent infections. PMID- 7299115 TI - Definitive evidence that natural killer (NK) cells inhibit experimental tumor metastases in vivo. AB - Effector lymphoid cells that inhibit hematogenous tumor metastasis in normal unimmunized mice were studied. Mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (Cy) exhibited a diminished ability to destroy circulating tumor cells, which, in turn, caused an increased incidence of experimental pulmonary metastasis. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from unimmunized syngeneic donors abrogated the Cy-induced enhancement of metastasis formation. The effector cell active in these adoptive transfer experiments was sensitive to treatment with specific anti-NK 1.2 antibodies and complement. This treatment was shown by in vitro tests to deplete or inactivate NK cells selectively. These findings provide direct evidence that NK cells play a significant role in the inhibition of hematogenous tumor metastases in vivo. PMID- 7299116 TI - Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-(ATP) mediated stimulation and suppression of DNA synthesis in lymphoid cells. I. Characterization of ATP responsive cells in mouse lymphoid organs. AB - The effects of various nucleotides and nucleosides on DNA synthesis of mouse lymphocyte populations were studied. Significant stimulation of DNA synthesis was observed in the cells from bone marrow or the thymus in the presence of ATP. In contrast, the DNA synthesis of the cells from spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood was markedly inhibited by ATP. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate had nonspecific stimulatory effects on the DNA synthesis of various lymphoid cells, whereas cytidine triphosphate had no effect. When thymocytes or bone marrow cells were separated by 1 x g velocity sedimentation, a distinct cell population was identified as being responsible for the ATP-mediated stimulation of DNA synthesis. Further characterization of ATP-responsive cells revealed that the highest concentration of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, a marker enzyme for precursor T cells, was present in these cells. ATP-mediated stimulation of DNA synthesis may, therefore, serve as a specific marker restricted to a certain population of differentiating T cells. PMID- 7299117 TI - Two distinct murine differentiation antigens determined by genes linked to the Ly 6 locus. AB - Two separate monoclonal antibodies, 34-11-3S and 34-2-11S, produced by the fusion of C3H anti-BDF1 sensitized spleen cells to the SP2/0 myeloma variant cell line, were found to detect alloantigens on subpopulations of murine lymphocytes. Analysis of the strain specificities of these antibodies showed that both detected antigens determined by genes closely linked to the Ly-6 locus. However, analysis of the tissue distributions of antigen-bearing cells indicated that the 2 antibodies reacted with distinct antigens, only 1 of which was similar in distribution to the classically described Ly-6.2 antigen. Functional studies performed using cells treated with antibody plus C showed that these 2 antibodies defined lymphocyte subpopulations that are different from each other and from those defined by several other reported Ly-6-related antibodies. The data suggest that the Ly-6 locus consists either of multiple tightly linked genes exhibiting marked linkage disequilibrium or of a single gene, the protein product of which is subject to post-translational modifications during cell differentiation leading to the expression of new determinants. PMID- 7299118 TI - Stimulation of mouse lymphocytes by a mitogen derived from Mycoplasma arthritidis. I. Transformation is associated with an H-2-linked gene that maps to the I-E/I-C subregion. AB - Cell-free supernatant derived from broth cultures of Mycoplasma arthritidis functions as an effective T cell mitogen for lymphocytes from H2k and H2d strain mice. Lymphocytes from animals of the H2b, H2q, and H2s haplotypes failed to respond to this mitogen. By employing lymphocytes derived from congenic and recombinant strains we established the H2 linkage and mapped the controlling gene to the I-E/I-C subregion. In addition, these studies suggested that a correlation existed between responsiveness to this microbial product and the presence of the Ia7 specificity, a product of the I-E subregion. PMID- 7299119 TI - In vitro production of anti-influenza virus antibody after intranasal inoculation with cold-adapted influenza virus. AB - We have studied the production of anti-influenza virus antibody in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 7 normal volunteers at various times after intranasal inoculation with cold-adapted A/Alaska/6/77 [H3N2] influenza virus. Antibody released into culture supernatants was assayed by a 2 step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells obtained 6 days after intranasal inoculation spontaneously released both IgG and IgA anti-influenza antibody; this antibody production occurred within 24 hr, was specific for the virus used to inoculate the volunteers, and was inhibitable by cycloheximide. When day 6 cells were cultured in vitro for 12 days with the polyclonal activator pokeweed mitogen (PWM), no increase in the amount of antibody above that released in the absence of PWM was seen. In contrast, cells obtained 27 days after inoculation made no spontaneous antibody. In addition, cultures of these day 27 cells with PWM resulted in the production of large amounts of IgG antibody but relatively little IgA anti-virus antibody. Thus, after a mucosal influenza virus infection, several subpopulations of functionally different cells sequentially appear in the peripheral circulation: an initial population of cells secreting IgG and IgA antibody spontaneously, followed by a 2nd population of cells secreting IgG antibody when stimulated with PWM. PMID- 7299120 TI - Hydrogen peroxide and cytolytic factor can interact synergistically in effecting cytolysis of neoplastic targets. AB - Two secretory products from activated macrophages, which are thought to be involved in the lysis of tumor cells, are H2O2 and cytolytic factor (CF). To examine the potential of interaction between these 2 mediators of cytolysis, we first exposed MCA-I sarcoma targets to the 2 lytic agents. MCA-I targets, which have been previously shown to be lysed by CF, could also be lysed by H2O2 (the concentration of H2O2 causing 50% lysis of targets was approximately 1.4 x 10(-3) M). Exposure of the MCA-I targets to a nonlytic concentration of H2O2 for 1 hr potentiated the subsequent lytic effects of CF and did so synergistically. Exposure of targets to CF, however, did not potentiate the subsequent lytic effects of H2O2, even when the targets were treated with a lytic concentration of CF for 4 hr. Similar results were seen with P-388 lymphoma targets. The P388 cells were quite sensitive to the lytic effects of H2O2 (the concentration of H2O2 causing 50% lysis of these targets was approximately 2.0 x 10(-5) M) but proved relatively resistant to CF in comparison to the MCA-I targets. The data suggest that H2O2 and CF can interact synergistically to produce cytolysis of neoplastic targets if the targets are exposed to the 2 substances in a defined sequence. PMID- 7299121 TI - Response of human neutrophils to C5a: a role for the oligosaccharide moiety of human C5ades Arg-74 but not of C5a in biologic activity. PMID- 7299122 TI - Covalently cross-linked immune complexes prepared with multivalent cross-linking antigens. AB - Covalently cross-linked immune complexes were prepared with multivalent antigens, obtained by coupling varying numbers of 4-azido-4-nitrophenyl groups (NAP) on human serum albumin as the carrier molecule (NAPn . HSA). In this system the haptenic group served to bind the antigen to the antibody (antibodies to NAP) and to form covalent bonds upon photoactivation. The covalently cross-linked immune complexes contained around 30% of antibodies that were dissociable from complexes by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A comparable portion of antibody combining sites were accessible to the free hapten (NAP . lysine) in molar excess by equilibrium dialysis. The stable, covalently cross-linked complexes with NAP7.0 . HSA and NAP12.9 . HSA were prepared and separated into complexes with varying degrees of lattice by sequential steps of gel filtration. Ag1Ab1 complexes were obtained with reasonable homogeneity. Other preparations contained successively higher lattices but were not homogeneous. When these complexes were injected into mice, the increasing lattice of complexes resulted in increasingly rapid removal of the complexes from the circulation. The antigen, independent of lattice, also contributed to removal of complexes from circulation. NAP12.9 . HSA alone was removed from circulation faster than NAP7.0 . HSA, and Ag1Ab1 complexes with NAP12.9 . HSA were removed faster than Ag1Ab1 complexes with NAP7.0 . HSA. The studied system adds covalently cross-linked immune complexes with multivalent antigens to the armamentarium of covalently cross-linked complexes that previously were obtained only with bivalent affinity labels. PMID- 7299123 TI - Cyclophosphamide pretreatment induces eosinophilia to nonparasite antigens. AB - Eosinophilia is usually regarded as a T cell-dependent hemopoietic response, although in most instances of immune responses by T cells there is no accompanying eosinophilia. BALB/c mice immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were found not to develop eosinophilia, whereas pretreatment of such mice with 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) induced marked eosinophilia in the blood (1000 to 3000/mm3) and bone marrow. CY as well as CY and KLH in CFA cause a leukocytosis and neutrophilia, but significant eosinophilia was seen only in mice receiving both CY and KLH-CFA. The eosinophilic response depended on the dose of CY and peaked 13 days after immunization, and was preceded by a bone marrow eosinophilia that peaked 8 days after immunization. No eosinophilia occurred in BALB/c nu/nu mice after CY and KLH-CFA but did occur in the nu/+ littermates. This model in mice of eosinophilia in response to CY followed by a nonparasite antigen should be useful in the analysis of T cell signals that might regulate eosinophilia. PMID- 7299124 TI - Immunoglobulin glycopeptides from an IgG2b-producing mouse myeloma cell line and from variant cell lines. AB - A mouse myeloma cell line, 45.6.3, produces an IgG2b immunoglobulin (Ig) with 2 carbohydrate attachment sites on the heavy chains. One site is in the CH2 domain and the other in the VH region. The oligosaccharides at each site have different structures. The ratio of radioactive glucosamine incorporated in the VH compared with the CH2 oligosaccharide is approximately 1 to 3. In an attempt to understand this observation further, variant cell lines derived from 45.6.3 were isolated and their Ig were characterized. A ricin-resistant line, R4R1.5, has the same 2 attachment sites as the wild type, but the ratio of radioactive glucosamine in VH compared with CH2 was 1:1 and not 1:3 as in the wild type. This alteration is most probably due to cellular factors, since the Ig protein is unchanged. The M3.11 cell line produces an Ig with a polypeptide deletion involving the CH3 domain. In this Ig, a 3rd carbohydrate attachment site can be demonstrated. The percentage of radioactivity glucosamine in the CH2 domain compared with the total Ig is about 25% instead of 75% as in the wild type. These results suggest that the extent of glycosylation of different sites on Ig can be affected by both cellular factors and structural changes in the Ig protein. PMID- 7299125 TI - Cutaneous basophil responses and immune resistance of guinea pigs to ticks: passive transfer with peritoneal exudate cells or serum. AB - Resistance to infestation by larval Amblyomma americanum or Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks was transferred to naive guinea pigs with peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) or serum from donors immunized by prior infestation with homologous tick larvae. In the A. americanum system, PEC transfer induced 87% tick rejection, which was similar to the level of resistance in actively sensitized hosts. In the R. sanguineus system, PEC conferred resistance (39% rejection) that was weaker than in actively sensitized hosts (57% rejection). In both systems, immune serum conferred significant but weaker resistance (20 to 29% rejection). In actively sensitized hosts, resistance to each tick species was specific, but there was considerable cross-reactive resistance. Basophils dominated the 24-hr challenge feeding sites of A. americanum ticks in actively sensitized hosts (69% of the infiltrate) and recipients of sensitized PEC (69%). Mononuclear cells were dominant (69% of the infiltrate) in the challenged tissues of immune serum recipients that had a significant but weaker cutaneous basophil response (24%). Mononuclear cells also dominated (58% of the infiltrate) the 24-hr challenge feeding sites of R. sanguineus ticks in actively sensitized hosts, but there were also 24% basophils. These studies demonstrate that immune resistance to tick is dependent on sensitized lymphoid cells or serum components, and that sensitized cells or serum can transfer a cutaneous basophil response that is associated with immune resistance. Rejection of ticks is usually associated with large basophil infiltrates, but sometimes mononuclear cells are dominant. Thus, immune resistance of guinea pigs to ticks is a heterogeneous response in which immune cells and serum probably act to recruit diverse effector leukocytes to mediate rejection that is specific but significantly cross-reactive. PMID- 7299126 TI - Immune complexes in tissues of Obese strain (OS) chickens. PMID- 7299127 TI - Characterization of the IgE receptor by tryptic mapping. AB - IgE receptors were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed surface radioiodination of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells and rat peritoneal mast cells (RMC). After nonionic detergent solubilization and incubation with rat IgE, IgE-receptor complexes were immunoprecipitated using anti-rat IgE. The receptor for IgE was further purified by SDS-PAGE, the receptor peak, in the gel, was submitted to tryptic digestion, and the resulting peptides were analyzed by a 2-dimensional peptide mapping procedure. The peptides were then visualized by autoradiography. IgE receptors from different RBL cell lines exhibit slight differences in m.w., as judged by SDS-PAGE; however, no differences were seen in the tryptic peptide maps of receptors from the different RBL cell lines. In addition, receptors isolated from RMC also mapped identically, indicating that peptides responsible for the m.w. differences may not be labeled. The IgE-binding component of higher m.w., isolated by affinity chromatography on IgE-Sepharose, gave a distinct pattern of tryptic peptides that were different from the receptor. By using IgE Sepharose and tryptic mapping, this 2nd and IgE-binding component was found on all RBL cell lines and on RMC. The membrane orientation of the receptor was analyzed by tryptic mapping. Tryptic maps obtained from IgE receptors labeled on intact cells (outside labeled only), membrane particles (inside and outside labeled), and in a detergent-solubilized form (all possible sites labeled) were similar, indicating that no other protein site was available to be labeled, in addition to those in the surface exposed binding site. Moreover, saturation of the receptor by IgE prevented its subsequent radioiodination, whether the receptor was labeled on intact cells, on membrane particles, or in a solubilized form, again indicating that no site other than the binding site could be labeled. Cumulatively, these data suggest that the IgE receptor on RBL cells is not a transmembrane protein. PMID- 7299128 TI - Membrane expression of Fc-receptors in cultured leukemic cell lines. I. Induction of Fc-receptor in undifferentiated types of cells after passive modulation of lipid viscosity. AB - The role of lipid environment of plasma membrane for the expression of Fc receptor (gamma) (FcR gamma) were studied by physicochemical modification of the membranes of myeloid leukemia cell line cells, M1. Sterol binding polyene antibiotics such as amphotericine B or filipin inhibit the expression of FcR gamma during the differentiation of M1- cells by the CM obtained from the culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, suggesting the possible involvement of cholesterol molecules in the induction mechanism of FcR gamma. Low-temperature incubation at either 20 degrees C or 4 degrees C results in the increment of their membrane microviscosity, when tested by the fluorescence depolarization method, in company with the appearance of FcR gamma on approximately 60% of M1 cells when assayed by the EA-rosetting method. FcR gamma is also induced on approximately 40% of M1- cells by incubating cells with cholesterol-phosphatidyl choline liposomes with the concomitant increase of their membrane microviscosity. Nevertheless, no phagocytosis of EA is observed in these cells treated with such physicochemical procedures. These findings imply that FcR gamma is embedded in the membrane of M1- cells and that physicochemical modification of the membrane lipid bilayers can induce the FcR gamma independent on their functional differentiation marked by the expression of phagocytic activity. PMID- 7299129 TI - Fine-specificity of the immune response to oxazolone. I. Contact sensitivity and early antibodies. AB - The specificity of the contact sensitivity induced by various chemically related oxazolones was studied. Mice were painted with 1 of them (immunogen). They were divided into several groups and challenged (ear painting on day 5) with various concentrations of either the immunogen or a related oxazolone. The degree of the contact sensitivity was estimated by ear weight or by incorporation of a DNA precursor. Higher concentrations of a challenge compound elicited a stronger DTH reaction than lower concentrations. The efficiency of each compound was defined by the concentration that caused a 30% increase of the ear weight or 150% increase of incorporation. Both represented ca. one-third of the maximal response (1/3 max), and both methods gave similar results. Two types of specificity patterns were observed. One is based on limited data, and was exhibited by the pair furyl Ox and propenyl Ox. Furyl Ox was a more efficient challenge compound than propenyl Ox when mice were primed with furyl Ox. The reverse was true when mice were primed with propenyl Ox. The other pattern was exhibited by the pair propenyl Ox and phenyl Ox. When mice had been primed with phenyl Ox, the 1/3 max response required either 3 mM phenyl Ox or 17 mM propenyl Ox (6-fold difference). The unexpected finding was that phenyl Ox was also a (2.5-fold) more efficient challenge compound for mice that had been primed with propenyl Ox (a heteroclitic contact sensitivity). PMID- 7299130 TI - Intracellular replication and lymphokine-induced destruction of Leishmania tropica in C3H/HeN mouse macrophages. AB - C3H/HeN resident peritoneal macrophages in suspension culture supported continuous replication of L. tropica amastigotes; the total number of intracellular parasites increased 8- to 10-fold over 96 hr in culture. Lymphokine treatment of macrophages markedly affected intracellular replication of the Leishmania. Cultures treated with lymphokines before exposure to L. tropica were more resistant to infection, and 35% fewer cells contained intracellular amastigotes compared to medium-treated controls. Lymphokine-pretreated cells that became infected also inhibited the replication of intracellular amastigotes. Macrophage cultures treated with lymphokines after infection exhibited potent microbicidal activity; 75 to 80% of macrophages were free of intracellular parasites by 72 hr. Fractionation of lymphokine supernatants by Sephadex G-100 demonstrated 3 areas of activity for the induction of macrophage intracellular killing (130,000, 45,000, less than or equal to 10,000 daltons); one of these activity peaks (45,000-m.w. lymphokine(s)) also induced increased resistance to infection with L. tropica. PMID- 7299131 TI - Cellular dissemination of priming for a mucosal immune response to cholera toxin in rats. AB - Using CT as the test antigen, we sought 1) to learn whether primary immunization at 1 mucosal site caused priming of distant nonstimulated mucosae, 2) to study the role of migrating memory cells in the dissemination of mucosal priming, and 3) to compare disseminated priming with priming that occurs at the site of initial immunization. CT given i.c. or i.d. caused priming in tracheal and nonexposed enteric mucosae; i.t. immunization, however, did not cause detectable enteric priming. Adoptive transfer of immune TDLs showed that priming was conveyed by migrating memory cells. These appeared to be of 2 types: those that recirculated briefly before settling in MALT, and those that continued to recirculate until recruited by antigen to the site of mucosal challenge. Both types were required for secondary responses at mucosae distant from the site of priming. The time-course of disseminated mucosal priming resembled that of priming at the site of initial CT exposure, both lasting at least 16 wk. Disseminated priming persisted better in jejunal than tracheal mucosa, suggesting that the subgroup of memory cells that did not continue to recirculate settled preferentially in jejunal MALT. Disseminated priming supported smaller challenge responses than priming at the site of initial CT exposure did, suggesting that sessile memory cells also contributed to the latter process. These observations extend the concept of a "common mucosal immune system" to include cellular dissemination of mucosal priming, but also show quantitative differences between local and disseminated priming that probably reflect the patterns of distribution of migrating and sessile memory cells. PMID- 7299132 TI - Mitogenic and co-mitogenic properties of hemin. AB - We report here that hemin, an agent known to induce cellular differentiation in Friend erythroleukemia cells, induces mitogenesis in human T cells and enhances mitogenic responses to supraoptimal concentrations of Con A. Mitogenesis induced by suboptimal or optimal concentrations of Con A is not affected by concentrations of hemin that markedly potentiate responses to supraoptimal amounts of Con A. Maximum mitogenic responses are reached 4 to 5 days after initiation of the cultures. The mitogenic response is macrophage dependent, whereas enhancement of responses to supraoptimal concentrations of Con A is not. Indeed, a greater degree of enhancement is observed after removal of adherent cells. Responses to other mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, and sodium periodate) are also enhanced by hemin. Compounds that are metabolically or structurally related to hemin are neither mitogenic nor co mitogenic. Protoporphyrin IX, which is nonmitogenic, is rendered mitogenic by the chemical insertion of iron to form hemin. Hemin does not affect Con A binding to lymphocytes. These findings indicate that hemin is a macrophage-dependent T cell mitogen with the unusual and remarkable property of overcoming the inhibition of mitogenesis induced by high concentrations of Con A. Since hemin has a limited number of metabolic effects, it provides a useful probe for determination of molecular events associated with lymphocyte activation. PMID- 7299133 TI - The specificity of rat natural killer cells and cytotoxic macrophages on solid tumor-derived target cells and selected variants. PMID- 7299134 TI - Circadian fluctuations in the activity of phagocytic cells in blood, spleen, and peritoneal cavity of mice as measured by zymosan-induced chemiluminescence. AB - Circadian variations in the phagocytic activity of mouse whole blood, spleen, and peritoneal cells were studied using the zymosan-induced chemiluminescence assay as a measure of phagocytosis. On a regimen providing for light from 7:00 to 19:00 alternating with darkness, the phagocytic activity of mouse blood, spleen, and peritoneal cells was high around 10:00 and low around 22:00, the integrated counts of chemiluminescence being 82.33 x 10(5) and 52.76 x 10(5) for peritoneal cells, 83.3 x 10(5) and 32.2 x 10(5) for spleen cells, and 12.33 x 10(5) and 3.99 x 10(5) for blood cells. Variations of a similar tendency were also found in blood leukocyte and granulocyte counts, the counts being again higher at 10:00 compared with the blood samples withdrawn at 22:00. In contrast to the differences in the intensity of the zymosan-induced chemiluminescence, the shapes of the curves (Fig. 6) of each cell preparation were similar, irrespective of the time period of the day the cells were prepared. Comparison of the zymosan-induced chemiluminescence curves of the 3 cell suspensions studied, prepared at the same period of the day, revealed some similarity between the kinetics of blood and spleen samples; the intensity, however, of zymosan-induced chemiluminescence emitted by spleen cells was much higher. The kinetics of zymosan-induced chemiluminescence curves of peritoneal cells differed from the other 2, being slower at the onset, the chemiluminescence lasting for a longer time and declining more slowly. We have shown here circadian variations in the activity of mouse phagocytic cells. The simple and rapid method of chemiluminescence measurements used in this study appears to be a powerful tool for the further investigation of such circadian variations. PMID- 7299135 TI - Early effects of low-doses exposure to asbestos on local cellular immune responses in the lung. AB - We recently developed an animal model to study the pulmonary reactions after exposure to environmental pollutants. In this model, sheep received monthly intratracheal instillations of a suspension of varying amounts of chrysotile asbestos in saline. All animals were studied by pulmonary function tests, transbronchial biopsies, and bronchoalveolar lavage. During the 6 mo of the study, no changes were seen in the 2 former tests, but bronchoalveolar lavage yielded leukocytes that responded with enhanced proliferative activity to concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and staphylococcal lysate. The response to phytohemagglutinin was poor but also enhanced in the asbestos-exposed animals. Enhanced responsiveness was dose-related, except for the highest dose used, 128 mg, which was associated with a less enhanced proliferative response or none. Our data suggest that the initial response to low-dose exposure to asbestos consists in a stimulation of lymphocyte function; the possibility that this phenomenon may be linked to the eventual fibrogenic response of asbestosis warrants further studies. PMID- 7299136 TI - Inhibition of C1-mediated immune hemolysis by monomeric and dimeric peptides from the second constant domain of human immunoglobulin G. AB - Activation of the classical complement cascade by immunoglobulin G involves binding of the first complement component (C1) to a multivalent antigen-IgG complex. Binding occurs by interaction of a site on the surface of the C gamma 2 domain of IgG with a globular head of the C1q subcomponent of C1. Previously we found that the synthetic decapeptide consisting of residues 281-290 from the second constant domain of the gamma-chain of the human IgG1 protein Eu inhibited the binding of human C1 to sensitized erythrocytes. The present study describes inhibition of monomeric and dimeric peptides containing residues 289-292 or 282 292: (formula: see text). On a molar basis, monomeric peptide 282-292 is just as active an inhibitor of C1 binding as peptide 281-290, whereas monomeric peptide 289-292 (tuftsin) is 4 times less active. Peptides 282-292 and 289-292 were each cross-linked at the amino terminus through terephthaloyl-bis(iminodiacetic acid) (Tid). Each dimeric peptide is twice as active on a molar basis as the corresponding monomeric peptide. Dimeric peptide Tid(282-292)2 is just as active on a molar basis as the monomeric 7S form of human IgG1 and 60% as active as the Fc fragment of IgG in inhibiting the binding of human C1 to sensitized erythrocytes. These results suggest that the positively charged residues His-285, Lys-288, Lys-290, and Arg-292, which are located on the outer surface of the C gamma 2 domain, may be involved in the C1q-binding site of human IgG. PMID- 7299137 TI - Phenotypes of human natural killer cell populations detected with monoclonal antibodies. AB - In our recent studies, human natural killer (NK) cell activity was found to be decreased 2- to 4-fold after treatment of monocyte-depleted peripheral mononuclear cells with monoclonal antibody OKM1 and complement (C). The present study was undertaken to determine whether there is an additional population of NK cells that is OKM1-, since treatment with OKM1 and C decreased, but did not eradicate, NK cell activity. Treatment of lymphocytes with monoclonal antibody OKT11A, which reacts with all sheep red blood cell rosetting lymphocytes, and C also decreased NK cell activity. Although approximately 90% of OKT11A+ cells are OKT3+, NK cell activity resides within the OKT11A+ cell population, which is OKT3 since OKT3-cell depletion fails to decrease NK cell activity. Double fluorescence analysis of OKT3-depleted lymphocytes revealed that 54% of the OKM1+ cells are OKT11A- and 45% of the OKT11A+ cells are OKM1-, thus demonstrating that within the OKT3-depleted population, approximately one-half the OKM1+ cells are OKT11A- and vice versa. Treatment of lymphocytes with OKM1 together with OKT11A and C decreased NK cell activity against 3 NK-sensitive leukemia lines--K562, MOLT-4, and HSB-2--more than did treatment with either antibody alone; virtually no lytic activity was retained after elimination of OKM1+ and OKT11A+ cells. The results thus provide strong evidence that there is at least 2 populations of human NK cells; one is OKM1+ and the other is OKT11A+ PMID- 7299138 TI - HLA A, B, C antigens are expressed on nonvillous trophoblast of the early human placenta. AB - Samples were taken from the human chorionic sac at 6 wk postconception and were stained with monoclonal antibodies to trophoblast and to HLA antigens by means of an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Antibody to HLA A, B, C antigens did not stain chorionic villous trophoblast in accordance with previous studies, but did stain nonvillous trophoblast of the cytotrophoblast cell columns and cytotrophoblastic shell. Antibody to HLA DR antigens showed no staining of trophoblast. This is the first demonstration of HLA antigens on a human fetal tissue in direct maternal contact. We have discussed the immunologic implications of this finding. PMID- 7299139 TI - Serum immunoglobulins and lymphocyte subpopulations derangement in Turner's syndrome. AB - Abnormalities of the proportions of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and of immunoglobulin serum levels were found in twenty patients affected by Turner's syndrome. A slight but significantly decreased percentage of circulating T and B cells, and increased percentage of null cells and a decreased in vitro responsiveness of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen were found in Turner's syndrome patients. IgG serum level was found significantly decreased in comparison with age-matched fifty-seven normal males and fifty-seven normal females and IgM serum level was intermediate between female and male values; Turner's syndrome patients with monosomy had an IgM serum concentration very close to male values. The derangement of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations, probably related to the aneuploidy, does not seem to be a severe one but it could account for the immunoglobulin abnormalities and for the association of Turner's syndrome with immunological disorders such as autoimmune diseases. The role of X chromosome on IgM serum level is discussed. PMID- 7299141 TI - [Kidney calix lithiasis]. PMID- 7299142 TI - [Round table: current methods of exploration of renal tumors]. PMID- 7299140 TI - Erythrocyte glycosphingolipids of four siblings with the rare blood group p phenotype and their parents. AB - Erythrocytes that exhibit the rare blood group p phenotype lack the P antigen (globotetraosylceramide) and the Pk antigen (globotriaosylceramide). This phenotype is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition and the red cells of heterozygous individuals, parents and children of p persons, are serologically normal but no chemical analyses of their red cells have been reported. We have studied an unusual family in which all five children exhibit the p phenotype. In addition to the abnormalities described previously, the erythrocytes of four siblings had twice the normal concentration of lactotriaoslyceramide and lactoeotetraosylceramide. These cells also contained 3-5 times as much sialosyllactoneotetraosylceramide and up to a two-fold increase in Gm3 ganglioside. The glycolipids of the parents'erythrocytes were normal. Electrophoretic analysis of the glycoproteins of the proposita's erythrocytes revealed no abnormalities, but her erythrocyte membranes contained approximately 35% less galactosamine than normal red cells. This abnormality resulted from a marked decrease in galactosamine that was soluble in chloroformmethanol. The lipid-extracted residue, which contained the glycoproteins, had a normal galactosamine content. PMID- 7299143 TI - [Round table: reflux and duplication of the excretory tract]. PMID- 7299144 TI - The possible role of farm animals, dogs and rodents as reservoir hosts for human schistosomes in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. PMID- 7299145 TI - Water vapour absorption and transpiration in the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr. (Ixodidae, Acarina). PMID- 7299146 TI - The incidence and clinical picture of filariasis and the rate of infectivity of mosquitoes in Giza and Sharkia Governorates, A.R.E. PMID- 7299147 TI - Ascites: a clinical biochemical and immunological study. PMID- 7299148 TI - Antibodies against some parasites of zoonotic importance in rodents caught in Port Said Governorate, A.R.E. PMID- 7299149 TI - Immunopathological changes in the kidneys of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 7299150 TI - The use of delipidized larval antigen in the diagnosis of ancylostomiasis by intradermal tests. PMID- 7299151 TI - Biuterinoides aegypti, a new cestode from the intestine of Upupa epops. PMID- 7299152 TI - Euclinostomum ardeolae sp. nov. (Trematoda : Clinostomatidae). PMID- 7299153 TI - Circumoval precipitin test in the diagnosis of bilharzial ascites. PMID- 7299154 TI - Preliminary notes on the molluscicidal effect of some surface active agents. PMID- 7299155 TI - A limited survey on human hydatidosis using Casoni test in Mansoura Hospitals, A.R.E. PMID- 7299156 TI - A case record of Spirometra erinacei in a stray dog in Zagazig. PMID- 7299157 TI - Susceptibility of small laboratory animals to Pygidiopsis genata (Trematoda : Heterophydae). PMID- 7299158 TI - Giardiasis and blood groups. PMID- 7299159 TI - Evaluation of the urine precipitin test and the intradermal test for the early diagnosis of schistosomiasis in infants and children. PMID- 7299160 TI - Oxamniquine treatment in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Biological, morphological and pathological changes induced by divided doses. PMID- 7299162 TI - Further contribution to the effect of population density on the reproductive capacity and population dynamics of Helisoma duryi. PMID- 7299163 TI - Histopathological and histochemical studies on experimentally infected hamsters with Pygidiopsis genata. PMID- 7299161 TI - Leishmania infection sought in rodents caught in Jordan. PMID- 7299164 TI - The rodent reservoir hosts and intermediate hosts of Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudoiphi, 1819) in Egypt. PMID- 7299165 TI - Some abnormalities of Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi 1819). PMID- 7299166 TI - Inquiries and suggestions on S. mansoni abnormalities, recorded in vaccinated mice, and which may pay the attention to new immunogenetic insights. PMID- 7299167 TI - Parthenogenesis and effect of lack of mating on development and fecundity in Hyalomma (H.) anatolicum excavatum (Koch, 1844). PMID- 7299168 TI - Trials on cross-mating between three species of Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Ixodoidea : Ixodidae). PMID- 7299170 TI - Pathogenesis of hydrocaele in Egypt. PMID- 7299169 TI - Malathion and pirimiphos-methyl against three species of stored product insects, vectors of tapeworms, on different types of Sacks' fibers. PMID- 7299171 TI - Effect of prolonged exposure of Biomphalaria alexandrina to low concentrations of some molluscicides. I. Effects on longevity, growth rate, fecundity and susceptibility to schistosome infection. PMID- 7299173 TI - Susceptibility of four species of stored product insects, vectors of tapeworms to four organophosphorus insecticides. PMID- 7299172 TI - Overwintering of Hyaloma (H.) anatolicum (Koch, (1844)) subspecies, anatolicum and excavatum (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) in Egypt. PMID- 7299174 TI - Urinary trichomoniasis in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. PMID- 7299176 TI - Effect of freezing and drilling on Pygidiopsis genata metacercariae in Tilapia. PMID- 7299175 TI - Treatment of hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits by tinidazole. PMID- 7299177 TI - Shellakia agami, a probably new species from the reptile Agama stellio captured in Assiut locality. PMID- 7299179 TI - A new concept of the free living cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis. PMID- 7299178 TI - Types of mosquitoes in Giza Governorate in reference to filaria. PMID- 7299180 TI - Effect of prolonged exposure of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails to low concentrations of some molluscicides. II. On total tissue proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. PMID- 7299181 TI - Acute appendicitis as a complication of helminthic infection among some Egyptian patients. PMID- 7299182 TI - Studies on cellular immunity change and intradermal test in cases of schistosomiasis using non-specific antigens. PMID- 7299183 TI - Morbidity studies of schistosomiasis hematobia in Egyptian adults (preliminary report). PMID- 7299184 TI - Antibodies against some parasites in stray cats in Cairo. PMID- 7299185 TI - Seasonal activity of Rattus norvegicus and flea index in Port Said Governorate, Egypt. PMID- 7299188 TI - [A study on the mitral valve function from the viewpoint of circulatory dynamics of experimental aortic regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299187 TI - [Hemodynamic study of atrial and ventricular pacing in experimental mitral regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299186 TI - [Surgical repair of diaphragmatic eventration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299189 TI - [The forehead and deep temperature monitoring with deep body thermometer in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299192 TI - [An experimental study on the influence to cerebral circulation of IABP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299191 TI - [Renal dysfunction following open heart surgery. Results of a prospective analysis of 80 acquired valvular patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299190 TI - [Reoperation after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299195 TI - [Successful correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (infracardiac type) in a neonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299193 TI - [Mediastinal carcinoma simplex with combined sleeve resection of the trachea- a case report and literature review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299194 TI - [Primary malignant mesenchymoma of the heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299196 TI - [Open heart surgery in a patient with suffering from hereditary spherocytosis(HS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299197 TI - [A 5-year-old child suffered from bronchial rupture: report of a case successfully treated by end-to-end anastomosis of bronchi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299198 TI - [Left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement in the cases with aortic regurgitation-especially on the reversibility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299199 TI - [Studies on operative indications of ventricular septal defects associated with severe pulmonary hypertension and operative results by means of open-heart surgery with surface-induced deep hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299200 TI - [The study on the blood and water balance after open heart surgery using extracorporeal circulation in infant under 12 months of age with ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299201 TI - [Surgery for acquired valvular disease: results of mitral reconstructive surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299202 TI - [Use of the hollow fiber artificial kidney to conserve blood during cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299203 TI - [Usefulness of multiaxially expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in cardiac surgery- patches applicable to atrial septum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299204 TI - [Coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in aortic regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299205 TI - [Anticoagulation therapy in patients with valvular substitutes--survey of clotting factors and platelet aggregation for anticoagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299206 TI - [Comparative study on the perfusates for function test of an isolated canine heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299207 TI - [Long-term results of primary repair to two-stage operation of ventricular septal defect with severe pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299208 TI - [Protective effect of Kirsch cardioplegia on the myocardium assessed by electron microscopy and studies on cardiac function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299209 TI - [Experimental study of the aortic annulus enlargement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299210 TI - [Surgical treatment of a dissecting aneurysm of the thoraco-abdominal aorta associated with Marfan's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299211 TI - [A successfully operated case with an aneurysm of the ascending aorta after Bentall's operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299212 TI - [Persistent fifth aortic arch complicated by coarctation of the aorta and aneurysm of the left subclavian artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299213 TI - [Clinical studies of the reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract in tetralogy of Fallot; including criteria for use of transannular patching (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299214 TI - [Experimental study of reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, using a monocusp pericardial patch graft (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299215 TI - [The Blalock-Taussig anastomoses in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299216 TI - [Experimental studies on the peripheral circulation and morphological changes during pulsatile and nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299217 TI - [Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299218 TI - [Studies on myocardial metabolism under the profound hypothermia induced by surface cooling (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299219 TI - [An experimental study of cryosurgical treatment for ventricular tachycardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299220 TI - [Study of computer display of epicardial map. Part II: Epicardial map in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299221 TI - [Right atrial myxoma with paradoxical cerebral embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299222 TI - [Surgical repair of the systemic atrioventricular valve incompetence with Ebstein's anomaly in corrected transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299223 TI - [A case of unilateral hyperlucent lung associated with aortic valve disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299224 TI - [Review on internal medicine, 1980--endocrine metabolic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299225 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function and assessment of the various factors affecting it in patients with acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299227 TI - [Plasma norepinephrine in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299228 TI - [A case of IgA deficiency with systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299226 TI - [Relationship between serum lipoprotein concentration and angiographic severity of coronary artery sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299230 TI - [A radioimmunoassay of human cardiac myosin light chain I: clinical significance in acute myocardial infarcation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299229 TI - [A case of atypical myopathy associated with myocardial disease and tricuspid regurgitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299231 TI - [Effects of sucrose and invert sugar on the levels of plasma lipids, plasma ApoA concentrations and chemical composition of high density lipoprotein subfractions in healthy young males (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299232 TI - [Studies on early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction --with special reference to ECG changes immediately after the attack of infarction and clinical findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299233 TI - [Hemodynamic study of essential hypertension by echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299234 TI - [A case of acute renal failure with hemolysis caused by readministration of rifampicin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299235 TI - [A case of clinically diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis, associated with diffuse glomerulonephritis and chronic thyroiditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299236 TI - The role of activated complement and granulocytes in shock states and myocardial infarction. PMID- 7299237 TI - Sudden death: detecting the vulnerable ventricle by noninvasive methods. PMID- 7299238 TI - Effect of inhibition of platelet function with carbenicillin or aspirin on experimental canine sudden death. AB - The role of blood platelets in the pathogenesis of experimental sudden death was evaluated in dogs. Coronary artery embolization resulted in acute myocardial ischemia that was followed by sudden death (death within 15 min of embolization) in 51% of anesthetized control animals. Pretreatment with carbenicillin, which markedly inhibited platelet aggregation or estradiol cypionate, which induced severe thrombocytopenia, significantly reduced the incidence of sudden death to 9% and zero, respectively. Pretreatment with aspirin, which uniformly inhibited platelet aggregation, was associated with a reduced incidence of sudden death (25%), but the difference between aspirin-treated and control animals lacked statistical significance. Drug treatment did not prevent myocardial infarction, and the sizes of myocardial infarcts observed in animals that survived 30 days were not different from those of control animals. Sudden death was preceded by a significantly greater fall in mean arterial pressure than that observed in survivors, but the frequency of ventricular ectopic beats did not differ in survivors and nonsurvivors. These studies suggest that (1) platelets play an important role in experimental sudden death which follows acute coronary embolization and (2) inhibition of platelet function protects against experimental sudden death by a mechanism that prevents severe hypotension but is not antiarrhythmic. Drug-induced platelet dysfunction and thrombocytopenia may protect against experimental sudden death by preventing intravascular platelet aggregation and embolization. PMID- 7299240 TI - Stimulation of erythroid colony formation in vitro by erythropoietin immobilized on agarose-bound lectins. AB - WGA and the PHA-E covalently linked to beaded agarose were employed to prepare an immobilized form of Ep. Agarose-PHA-E-Ep complexes induced the formation of sheep and human erythroid colonies in plasma clot and methylcellulose cultures without detectable leaching of Ep. Approximately 85% to 95% of the colonies formed were attached or juxtaposed to the agarose beads. The dose-response curve of the agarose-PHA-E-Ep complexes for erythroid colony formation was similar to that of unbound Ep, and after removal of cells adherent to the beads, the immobilized Ep could be reused. Attachment of erythroid colonies to agarose-lectin-Ep complexes was due to lectin-cell surface interactions. These results support the concept that Ep acts at the surface of its target cells. PMID- 7299239 TI - Enhanced purine salvage during allopurinol therapy: an important pharmacologic property in humans. AB - The contribution of enhanced purine salvage to the decreased total purine excretion associated with allopurinol therapy was measured by the intravenous administration of tracer doses of [8-(14)C] adenine to four patients with gout and normal purine salvage enzyme activity and four patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and absent purine salvage activity. The mean cumulative excretion of radioactivity 5 days after the adenine administration to patients not receiving and receiving (off and on) allopurinol therapy was 6.1% and 3.6% of infused radioactivity for gouty subjects and 15.9% and 20.8% for the Lesch-Nyhan patients. Urate pool size and urate turnover, as measured by pool labeling with [2-(14)C]uric acid, were substantially decreased in both groups of patients during allopurinol therapy. The intestinal loss of uric acid was estimated from these pool measurements on and off allopurinol. With a correction for this extrarenal purine loss, the mean cumulative excretions of radioactivity 5 days after adenine administration to patients off and on allopurinol therapy were 11.9% and 4.8% for the gouty subjects and 31.7% and 24.5% for the Lesch-Nyhan patients. In vitro studies demonstrated no alteration of the synthesis or degradation of adenine nucleotides by allopurinol in cultured human diploid fibroblasts. These observations suggest that enhanced purine salvage is an important component leading to decreased purine excretion during allopurinol therapy. PMID- 7299241 TI - A rapid method for the determination of ultrafilterable calcium in serum. AB - Alterations of calcium homeostasis may be expressed as hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, and normocalcemia with abnormal distribution of serum calcium fractions. The accurate diagnosis of disorders of calcium homeostasis requires the direct determination of free (ionized) serum calcium. The major problem in the direct measurement of ionized calcium with a calcium-sensitive electrode is the dependence on an anaerobic environment. We evaluated the determination of ultrafilterable calcium in serum as an index of free calcium unbound concentration. Ultrafilterable calcium measured in normal subjects by membrane binding analysis was (mean +/- S.E.M.) 4.8 +/ 0.14 mg/dl. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 2.9% for ultrafilterable calcium and 3.0% for the calculated fraction bound to proteins. Storage at 0 degrees C had minimal effects: the interassay coefficient of variation was 5.1% for ultrafilterable calcium and 8.5% for the protein-bound fraction. The same determinations in a serum pool standard showed an interassay coefficient of variation of 4.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Freezing and thawing for up to three times did not affect ultrafilterable calcium concentration. In 56 subjects who were normocalcemic, hypercalcemic, or hypocalcemic, simultaneous determination of ionized calcium (by a calcium electrode) and ultrafilterable calcium showed a correlation coefficient of 0.91 (p less than 0.001). These results show that membrane-binding analysis by ultrafiltration is a valid method, suitable for the routine determination of unbound (free) calcium in normal subjects and in patients with disorders with calcium homeostasis. PMID- 7299243 TI - Endogenous accumulation products and serum protein binding in uremia. AB - A number of compounds known to accumulate in the blood of uremic patients were added to serum from healthy normal volunteers. It was observed that both hippuric acid and indican were capable of increasing substantially the serum f of both diazepam and warfarin. Furthermore, a mixture of nine different accumulation products (many of which did not measurably increase f when added alone) caused an even greater increase in the f of diazepam. Serum from uremic patients and from normal volunteers, with and without the addition of the compounds known to accumulate in uremia, wee treated by standard procedures (i.e., prolonged dialysis, charcoal treatment, pH alteration) to remove associated small molecules. The results of such treatments suggest that at least part of the diminished binding of drugs seen in the presence of uremia is due to the accumulation of low-molecular-weight endogenous competitors. PMID- 7299244 TI - Effects of urea on electrolyte transport in the dog kidney. AB - Three-phase re-collection micropuncture experiments were undertaken to study the effect of 2.5% and 5% urea infusion on tubular handling of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and chloride in 10 acutely parathyroidectomized dogs. The fractional excretions of water and electrolytes were increased in response to graded urea infusion. The late proximal TF/P inulin fell from 1.59 to 1.25, but there was no change in TF/UF Osm, TF/UF calcium, or TF/P sodium, so that the proximal fractional reabsorption of water decreased by 12% and that of sodium and calcium by 11% and 13%, respectively. Proximal TF/UF magnesium fell from 1.33 to 1.16, and fractional magnesium reabsorption decreased by 9%. Distal TF/UF Osm increased from 0.31 in control to 0.67 with 2.5% urea to 0.80 with 5% urea infusion. Distal TF/P inulin ratios fell strikingly (3.89 to 2.05 to 1.52), accompanied by similar increases in TF/P sodium (0.24 to 0.46 to 0.57) and TF/UF calcium (0.31 to 0.51 to 0.62), whereas TF/UF magnesium did not change (0.90 to 0.79 to 0.94). The fraction of potassium remaining at the distal tubule exceeded that measured at the late proximal tubule, indicating potassium secretion between the proximal and distal puncture sites during urea administration. Urea-induced phosphaturia was mainly a result of decreased proximal phosphate reabsorption, with additional inhibition occurring beyond the proximal sampling site. Thus urea infusion (1) inhibits reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and calcium proportionately more than of magnesium in the proximal tubule, (2) inhibits sodium, calcium, and magnesium reabsorption in the loop, (3) promotes potassium secretion into the pars recta of descending limb in the loop of Henle, (4) has little effect on ion transport beyond the distal sampling site, and (5) causes a slight phosphaturia at both levels of urea infusion by inhibiting proximal phosphate reabsorption. PMID- 7299245 TI - Effect of ethanol on hepatic proline-metabolizing enzymes in the rat. AB - The effects of short- and long-term ethanol administration on the hepatic content of free proline and on the activity of hepatic enzymes that catalyze the formation and degradation of proline were determined in the rat. The short-term oral administration of ethanol in a dose of 5.5 gm/kg body weight resulted in no changes in hepatic free proline content or in hepatic proline oxidase activity. By contrast, the feeding of ethanol for a period of 1 month resulted in an increase in the total hepatic content of free proline. The hepatic activity of proline exidase was also increased by long-term ethanol feeding while the activities of arginase, ornithine aminotransferase, delta 1-pyrroline-5 carboxylate reductase, delta 1-pyrroline-5-dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase remained unchanged. The increase in the hepatic pool of free proline in association with an increase in proline oxidase activity suggests that long-term ethanol administration results in an increased turnover of proline in the liver, in which the increase in synthesis is greater than the increase in degradation. An effect of long-term ethanol feeding in increasing proline degradation mya be a cause for the increased oxygen consumption and urea production found in the liver after long-term ethanol ingestion. PMID- 7299242 TI - Human skin reaction to ethylene oxide. AB - Many materials now used in hospitals are sterilized with EO. EO gas retained in porous materials, which have not been properly aired, can produce skin irritation. The experiments reported here were designed to determine the level of EO and duration of skin contact required to produce adverse effects. The role of EO by-products in such reactions was also investigated. To obtain this information, patches retaining EO or its by-products, EC and EG, were applied to the backs of human volunteers. The patches were removed at intervals between 1 and 8 hr and the reactions were observed. The resulting skin reactions directly related to the total dose of EO received. Patch materials that rapidly lose EO, such as fabric or rubber, produced few reactions, even at EO levels as high as 5000 ppm. A patch material that loses EO more slowly, PVC film, produced reactions at EO levels above 1700 ppm. The patch materials that retained EO the longest, thick PVC blocks and petrolatum applied to Webril pads, produced the most reactions. When the EO level in those materials approximated 1000 ppm or higher, skin reactions usually appeared after 4 to 8 hr contact. The level of reactivity among the volunteers was quite consistent. One subject, however, who developed sensitivity to EO, showed a mild delayed reaction to approximately 100 ppm of EO in PVC. The characteristics of that sensitivity are discussed. Since little or no reactions developed to the patches containing EO by-products, EO itself can be assumed to be the toxic agent. The experiments support the conclusion that the lowest level of EO which produces skin irritation in nonsensitized subjects approximates 1000 ppm, when retained in slow-airing material against the skin for 4 hr or more. PMID- 7299246 TI - Assessment of lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane of Bacteroides fragilis by an antibody-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in physiologic fluids and infected animals. AB - LPS antigen of Bacteroides fragilis (CDC strain 5462) was measured in vitro in physiologic buffer and undilute human sera by using an antibody-inhibition ELISA system. Other studies were performed to assess detection of the outer membrane antigen from this organism. LPS was repetitively detected at 20 to 50 ng/ml dry weight, and outer membranes were detected at 200 ng/ml total protein in physiologic buffers and human membranes were detected at 200 ng/ml total protein in physiologic buffers and human sera. LPS of other type strains was also detected. Prior incubation of the reagent antibody with multiple whole Enterobacteriaceae organisms and Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not alter test results. Bacteremic rats were easily separated into those with B. fragilis (N = 15) and Escherichia coli (N = 14) bacteremias. Sera from rats in which subcutaneous abscesses were produced with 18 strains of Enterobacteriaceae inhibited detection antibody significantly less than did sera from 30 rats in which abscesses were produced with 11 strains of b. fragilis (p less than 0.01). Although values from the group of animals challenged with B. fragilis were significantly different from the group challenged with Enterobacteriaceae, the present results lack significant sensitivity and specificity for clinical application. PMID- 7299248 TI - Traumatic extubation with laryngotracheal injury. PMID- 7299247 TI - Screening for major hemoglobinopathies in newborn Blacks. PMID- 7299249 TI - Grand rounds. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: mechanism, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7299250 TI - Medical antishock trousers: a valuable adjunct to emergency care. PMID- 7299251 TI - Comparison of pre- and post-operative bacteriology of chronic ears. AB - The over-all distribution of the pre-operative bacteria of 806 ears and the post operative bacteria of 109 post-operatively moist or discharging ears correlated very well, the only clear difference being the detection of diphtheroid bacilli more often post-operatively than pre-operatively. When comparing the pre- and post-operative bacteriology of 109 post-operatively infected chronic ears which had undergone radical surgery and obliteration with Palva flaps (and which were drawn from a group of 806 ears originally operated on and followed yearly for 5 14 years) it was noticed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus sp were cultured more often post-operatively than pre-operatively in the same ears. Statistically, other bacteria were not found to be significantly present in the same ears. PMID- 7299252 TI - Long-term histological fate of cartilage in ossicular reconstruction. PMID- 7299253 TI - Differential diagnosis of a mass in the upper lateral neck. AB - The differential diagnosis and the duration of symptoms are presented for a group of 288 patients encountered over a ten-year period with a mass in the region of the neck behind and below the angle of the mandible. While infections constituted the largest aetiological group (48.3 per cent), 109 cases (37.9 per cent) had some form of neoplasia, with malignancy being found in 48 (16.6 per cent). The duration of symptoms varied widely, only the acute infections having an acceptably short delay prior to hospital admission. The mean symptom duration for all the neoplastic cases was in excess of five months. PMID- 7299254 TI - Aplasia cutis congenita associated with ectopia of the external ear. PMID- 7299255 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma of the mastoid temporal bone. PMID- 7299256 TI - Inverted papilloma of the nose. PMID- 7299257 TI - The influence of nasal osteotomies and septum surgery on the growth of the rabbit snout. PMID- 7299258 TI - Pathogenesis of juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma. (A new concept). AB - Fifteen cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal fibromata have been studied clinically and histologically, and their structure has been compared to that of genital erectile tissue obtained from autopsies of foetuses and children. A similarity in the structure of these two tissue could be observed. A concept of juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma as arising from misplaced sequestrated genital erectile tissue during foetal development, is discussed; and support is given to this view by anatomical, clinical and histological data. PMID- 7299259 TI - Uvulectomy in Nigeria. AB - The removal of the uvula for minor pharyngeal lesions is unusual in Western otorhinolaryngological practice. However, uvulectomy is a common procedure for "throat problems' in Nigeria and some other African countries by traditional surgeons. This is because it is believed that the elongated uvula is the root cause of all throat problems. These traditional surgeons are usually barbers by profession and only practice surgery on a part-time basis. Most of their patients do well but some have to be rushed to the hospital with severe post-operative bleeding. Attention of Europeans and other foreign otolaryngologists who may find themselves practising in any part of Africa is hereby drawn to the procedure. PMID- 7299261 TI - Preservation of the accessory nerve in block dissection of the neck. AB - The signs and symptoms resulting from division of the accessory nerve are discussed. The anatomical arguments for conservative neck dissection are also described. A method of preserving the nerve during radical neck dissection is described. A comparison of the symptomatology and functional results of two groups of patients follows, one group having had preservation and the other having had conventional neck dissection. It was shown that the group with conservative neck dissection had no symptomatic or functional abnormalities. PMID- 7299260 TI - Optic nerve decompression in head injuries. AB - Diminution of vision arising from head injuries involving the optic foramen can be treated by transethmoidal decompression of the optic nerve. Early surgery is associated with good recovery of function. In this paper, the surgical procedure is discussed, with the results in 10 cases. PMID- 7299262 TI - Candida tropicalis meningitis: a case report. AB - A 54-year-old man presented with candida tropicalis meningitis after exploration of the mastoid. He responded well to the combined intravenous administration of amphotericin B and 5 fluorocytosine. But 5 fluorocytosine had to be withdrawn when the candida proved to be resistant to this antifungal agent. However, the patient made an uneventful recovery. This seems to be the first report of a candida tropicalis meningitis in an otherwise healthy adult patient in this country. PMID- 7299263 TI - An unusual foreign body in the larynx. PMID- 7299264 TI - Traumatic avulsion of the larynx. PMID- 7299265 TI - Lipoma of the larynx imaged by conventional radiographic methods. PMID- 7299266 TI - Tuberculosis of intra-parotid lymph nodes. PMID- 7299267 TI - Cat-scratch disease of the submandibular region. A case report. AB - A case report of cat-scratch disease manifest as submandibular lymphadenopathy has been presented. The etiology, histopathology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of cat-scratch disease have been discussed. Cat-scratch disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all equivocal cases of unilateral lymphadenopathy of the head and neck. PMID- 7299268 TI - Cervical spondylosis and dysphagia. AB - Spondylosis can lead to dysphagia in the elderly. In these patients pressure of solid food on the osteophytes very probably induces pain and cricopharyngeal spasm, and a transient sharp cut-off is seen in the barium column at fluoroscopy. Three cases are presented and it is suggested that this triad should be looked for in all elderly patients with cervical spondylosis. PMID- 7299269 TI - Relational thinking styles: learning to see the forest and the trees. PMID- 7299270 TI - Compensatory training for disabled readers: implementing and refining. PMID- 7299271 TI - Test scatter on the WPPSI: normative analyses of the standardization sample. PMID- 7299272 TI - Statistics for the interpretation of Bannatyne recategorizations of WPPSI subtests. PMID- 7299273 TI - A note on determining significant discrepancies among category scores on Banatyne's regrouping of WISC-R subtests. PMID- 7299274 TI - Minimal brain dysfunction: differences in cognitive organization in two groups of index cases and their relatives. PMID- 7299275 TI - We get the teachers we deserve. PMID- 7299276 TI - Teaching LD students in the public schools: a return to the closet? PMID- 7299277 TI - Two IEP dilemmas. PMID- 7299279 TI - Searching for a WISC-R profile for learning disabled children: an inappropriate task? PMID- 7299278 TI - Mathematics for the learning disabled. PMID- 7299280 TI - WISC-R scatter indexes of children referred for reading diagnosis. PMID- 7299281 TI - Recategorized WISC-R scores of juvenile delinquents. PMID- 7299282 TI - Diagnostic implications of Bannatyne's recategorized WISC-R scores for identifying learning disabled children. PMID- 7299283 TI - The child as a diagnostic participant: helping students describe their learning disorders. PMID- 7299284 TI - Meta-analysis and the integration of research in special education. PMID- 7299285 TI - Teaching LD students in the public schools: a return to the closet? Part II. PMID- 7299286 TI - A significant destructive attitude. PMID- 7299287 TI - Cholesterol synthesis and esterification in experimental xanthoma tissues. AB - We studied cholesterol metabolism in experimental xanthoma tissues which were induced by injection of high molecular weight sodium dextran sulfate into the dermis of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Control studies were performed on dermal specimens of the dextran sulfate-injected site of normolipemic rabbits. Cholesterol accumulation was much greater in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit tissues than in the normolipemic rabbit tissues. Histiocytes and foam cells in such lesions had an ability to synthesize cholesterol. However, cholesterol synthesis was suppressed in the cholesterol-rich tissues of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This suppression was obviously caused by the accumulation of cholesterol in the tissues which take up lipoprotein in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. On the other hand, esterification of cholesterol was greater in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit tissues than in the normolipemic rabbit tissues. Cholesterol was esterified more selectively with oleic acid than with palmitic acid. Therefore, cholesteryl oleate increased in the tissues concomitantly with the accumulation of cholesteryl esters. Fatty acids of serum origin rather than those synthesized in situ were more important in the esterification process. It was suggested that cholesterol esterification was mediated by acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase and that lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase contributed little to the process. PMID- 7299288 TI - Chemical and biological studies on 5,6-epoxyretinol, retinol, and their phosphoryl esters. AB - Studies are reported on chemical synthesis, ultraviolet absorption spectral characteristics, and mass spectral fragmentation of 5,6-epoxyretinol and 5,6 epoxyretinylphosphate. These compounds were separated from each other and from other retinoids by a reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic system. A comparative study on the lability to acid of 5,6-epoxyretinylphosphate and retinylphosphate was conducted. The retroretinoid anhydroretinol is formed chemically from retinylphosphate by acid hydrolysis and biologically from retinal in cultured, spontaneously-transformed mouse fibroblasts, 3T12 cells. Similarly, acid hydrolysis of 5,6-epoxyretinylphosphate (absorption maxima 324, 310, 296 nm) in methanol yielded a low polarity retinoid with absorption maxima at 364, 346, and 330 nm, similar to the absorption spectra of retrovitamin A1 and retrovitamin A2. Mass spectral analysis was found to be in agreement with a retrostructure and permitted identification of the compound as a methoxyretrovitamin A1 methyl ether. A similar retroretinoid was formed biologically from 5,6-epoxyretinol in spontaneously-transformed mouse 3T12 cells. Thus, it appeared that these cells have the ability to convert the primary alcohols into retroretinoids, which are also formed by acid treatment of the phosphate esters. The adhesive properties of 3T12 cells were highly enhanced by culturing in the presence of 10(-6) to 10(-5) M 5,6-epoxyretinol or -retinoic acid, in analogy with the response of these cells to the parent retinoids. Moreover, in another test of biological activity, 5,6 epoxyretinylphosphate functioned as a highly active acceptor of [14C]D-mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose in a reaction catalyzed by rat liver membranes. Thus, 5,6 epoxyretinoids appear to be as active as the parent retinoids in these in vitro tests of biological activity, even though they do not replace vitamin A in its growth function in vivo. PMID- 7299289 TI - Quantitative changes in adipocyte plasma membrane in response to nutritional manipulations. AB - The effects of changes in adipocyte size and the effects of nutritional manipulations on the quantity of plasma membrane per adipocyte were investigated. A method for estimating the quantity of plasma membrane was developed based on the specific labeling of adipocyte plasma membrane protein with the nonpermeable labeling agent 125I-labeled diazotized diiodosulfanilic acid. By studying rats (ranging in age from 50 to 125 days) fed a standard laboratory chow or a low fat diet or a high fat diet, a wide range of mean fat cell sizes was obtained. It was found that as the volume of the fat cell increased, the amount of plasma membrane increased in a linear fashion and that this linear relationship had the same slope whether the size of the adipocyte increased slowly with age or rapidly in response to a high fat diet. In contrast, fasting for up to 3 days caused a marked decrease in the mean volume of the adipocytes, but either no change or much less change in the amount of plasma membrane per cell than would have been predicted from the linear relationship between adipocytes, but either no change or much less change in the amount of plasma membrane per cell than would have been predicted form the linear relationship between adipocyte volume and amount of plasma membrane per cell obtained with fed rats, i.e., adipocytes from fasted rats contain more plasma membrane per cell than do fat cells of the same size from fed rats. Neither feeding a high fat diet nor fasting caused detectable changes in the protein and lipid composition of the adipocyte plasma membrane. PMID- 7299290 TI - A study of the interaction of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase with subfractions of high density lipoproteins. AB - High density lipoproteins (HDL) were isolated by a chromatographic procedure and subsequently fractionated on a DEAE cellulose (DE-52) column. Four fractions were separated and analyzed for lipid and protein composition and molecular weight. During ion exchange chromatography, one of the four fractions consistently coincided with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. When the HDL fractions were incubated with highly purified LCAT preparations, the LCAT activity showed a dependence on unesterified cholesterol concentrations. The HDL subfraction eluting at the highest ionic strength was found to be the best substrate for LCAT. This subfraction exhibited apoprotein and lipid composition similar to HDL3 and contained 31% of the total apoprotein D present in all the subfractions. A positive correlation was found between LCAT activity and the cholesteryl ester/unesterified cholesterol ratio, and a negative correlation was found between LCAT substrate potential and apparent molecular weight of the HDL subfractions when these subfractions were incubated with LCAT. No correlation was apparent between LCAT activity, and the phospholipid/unesterified cholesterol ratio or with the apoA-I/apoA-II ratio.U PMID- 7299291 TI - In vivo regulation of canine intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by cholesterol, lipoprotein, and fatty acids. AB - Thirty-Vella-isolated ileal segments in dogs were used to study the regulation of intestinal cholesterol synthesis. This excluded fistula enabled independent in vivo manipulation of luminal and vascular influences on mucosal cells. Segments were studied repeatedly and each animal served as its own control. Cholesterol synthesis rate was assessed by measuring mucosal activity of the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. Luminal cholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol were shown to reduce HMG CoA reductase activity to 64 +/- 7% and 42 +/- 4%, respectively, of control within 4 hr. Reductase activity in the excluded segment also responded to alterations in serum cholesterol produced by cholesterol or cholestyramine feeding. Similarly, in vitro studies showed that lipoprotein cholesterol inhibited HMG CoA reductase in mucosa from the excluded segment but not in mucosa from intact bowel. In contrast to sterols, fatty acids stimulated HMG CoA reductase activity by luminal contact. These findings suggest that the cholesterol needs of canine intestinal epithelial cells are acutely balanced by absorption and synthesis of cholesterol. Mucosal cells may also utilize lipoprotein cholesterol under certain conditions, perhaps via low density lipoprotein receptors. Fatty acid absorption stimulated cholesterol synthesis in the absence of luminal cholesterol, perhaps to facilitate chylomicron formation. PMID- 7299292 TI - Cellular and thylakoid-membrane glycolipids of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+. AB - The glycolipids of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+ have been quantitated in the phototrophically-cultured cell and in its thylakoid membrane. Three lipids, the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and the sulfated glycolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SL), constitute the total glycolipid complement and some 70-80% of the total polar lipid at both levels. About 70% of the alga's sulfolipid, but only about half of its galactolipid, is localized in the thylakoid. The three cellular and thylakoid glycolipids all contain prominent hexadecanoic and octadecanoic fatty acids. Quantitatively, each lipid has a distinctive acyl profile, making SL the most highly saturated and MGDG the least saturated glycolipid. Differences between the fatty acid profiles of each corresponding cellular and thylakoid glycolipid indicate that discrimination of the glycolipid species assembled into photosynthetic membrane takes place during thylakoid membrane biogenesis. PMID- 7299293 TI - Cellular and thylakoid-membrane phospholipids of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+. AB - The phospholipids of phototrophically-cultured Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137+ have been quantitated at the cellular and thylakoid membrane levels. The alga contains three major phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC), which together constitute about 14% of the cellular polar lipid complement. PG is the only phospholipid in an analytical fraction of thylakoid membrane isolated from the alga, and represents about 9% of the membrane's total polar lipid. Slightly more than half the cellular PG is localized in the photosynthetic lamellae. Hexadecanoic and octadecanoic fatty acids make up over 70% of the acyl groups esterified to these phospholipids, PG being the most highly unsaturated of the three. Differences in fatty acid profile between cellular and thylakoid PG, as well as the presence of PE and PC in the alga but not in its thylakoid, are indicative of a strict biogenetic regulation of the specific types and species of phospholipid associated with the photosynthetic membrane. PMID- 7299294 TI - Sensitive kinetic bioluminescent assay of glycerol release from human fat cells. AB - A sensitive and accurate assay of lipolysis has been developed, measuring the rate of glycerol release from fat cells with a bioluminescent assay. The rate of glycerol-dependent ATP-consumption in a system consisting of glycerokinase, ATP, luciferin, and luciferase was determined kinetically as a decrease of the ATP induced luminescence and used for calculation of the concentration of glycerol. Under the conditions employed, it was possible to measure the concentration of glycerol down to a level of about 0.5 micron mol/l. Under the same conditions, the detection limit of the usual fluorometric method was about 15 micron mol/l. The coefficient of variation obtained with the bioluminescent assay was 11% at a level of 1.0 micron mol of glycerol, 2-6% at a level of about 5 micron mol/l, and 1-3% at a level of about 20 micron mol/l. Satisfactory results were obtained in different recovery experiments. Using human fat cells, it was possible to determine the rate of glycerol release with a cell concentration in the medium of only 5,000-10,000 cells/ml. It is concluded that the bioluminescent assay of glycerol release should be preferred when there is a demand for sensitivity, e.g., when the rate of lipolysis is low and when only a small amount of biopsy material is available. PMID- 7299295 TI - Adrenaline and terbutaline in treatment of acute asthmatic attacks on children. PMID- 7299296 TI - Nationwide survey of major liver diseases in Thailand analysis of 3 305 biopsies as to year-end 1978. PMID- 7299298 TI - Meningiomas of the neuraxis : a study of 290 cases. PMID- 7299297 TI - Compression sclerotherapy for the treatment of primary uncomplicated varicose veins. PMID- 7299299 TI - Self - retaining loop (SRL) catheter for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) : a preliminary report. PMID- 7299300 TI - Chromosome study of the family with a daughter showing 9p+ syndrome. PMID- 7299301 TI - Cor pulmonale in cystic fibrosis. AB - A VCG and an orthogonal ECG were done on 66 ambulatory patients with cystic fibrosis. Arteriolized pO2, FEV1/VC and MBC were related to electrocardiographic measurements. In this group of adolescent and young adult patients the most helpful electrocardiographic sign of cor pulmonale is a low voltage representing the left ventricle. The four best indicators from the cardiogram are (1) Rx less than .8 mv; (2) Rx/Sx less than 4.0; (3) Tx less than .4 mv; and (4) MLVF + MLVH less than 2.5 mv. If more than one indicator is found cor pulmonale is likely present. Increased voltage over the right ventricle does not identify patients with cor pulmonale. PMID- 7299302 TI - The electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of ventricular conduction defects. A new attempt to solve an old problem. PMID- 7299304 TI - The missing waveform and diagnostic information in the standard 12 lead electrocardiogram. PMID- 7299303 TI - Effect of ethanol on guinea pig ventricular action potentials. AB - The effects of low concentrations of ethanol on transmembrane potentials of guinea pig ventricular muscle were analyzed. Papillary muscles were superfused with Tyrode solution in vitro at 30 degree C while driven at 60 min-1. Transmembrane potentials were recorded by means of intracellular microelectrodes before, during and after a 15 min exposure to ethanol. Ethanol 2,5 mg/100 ml (0.55mM) did not affect transmembrane potentials. Ethanol 5 mg/100 ml enhanced the amplitude of the action potential (AAP) without affecting the membrane resting potential (MRP) and the maximum velocity of the upstroke (dV/dt). Ethanol 40 mg/100 ml also enhanced AAP without modifying MRP and dV/dt. Verapamil and propranolol blocked the augmenting effect of ethanol on AAP. Ethanol 40 mg/100 ml also enhanced the amplitude of responses restored by norepinephrine in fibers depolarized by high [K]0 to a level of resting potential at which the fast component of the upstroke was abolished. The enhancement of AAP was accompanied by a shift of the plateau to more positive values, but the duration of the action potential measured at 50% of repolarization was not affected. The results indicate that ethanol in low concentrations augments, through a catechol-mediated effect, the slow component of the upstroke of ventricular action potentials. PMID- 7299305 TI - Noninvasive assessment of T-wave abnormalities on precordial electrocardiograms in middle-aged professional bicyclists. AB - Six middle-aged, active, professional bicyclists with T-wave abnormalities on precordial ECGs were studied noninvasively. Twenty-five aged-matched bicyclists without T-wave abnormalities served as the control subjects. Increased voltage of SV1 + RV5 was demonstrated in all subjects. A 5-year follow-up study revealed that these abnormalities of T-wave inversion became more pronounced with age, except in one case. VCGs showed enlargement of anterior QRS loop and discordant T loop, in all cases. On echocardiography, thickness of both the interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall, and left ventricular mass were significantly increased compared with the control group. 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy at rest and during exercise revealed no regional perfusion defects of the tracer in either case. We conclude that: (1) T-wave abnormalities of precordial ECGs in six middle-aged athletes were progressive in nature; and (2) these electrocardiographic abnormalities seem to be related to left ventricular hypertrophy induced by steady and strenuous training rather than to coronary artery disease. PMID- 7299306 TI - Concomitant presence of left anterior hemiblock and inferior myocardial infarction: electrocardiographic recognition of each entity. AB - The ECGs of 72 patients with an unequivocal vectorcardiographic diagnosis of either left anterior hemiblock (LAH) or inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) or both were reviewed. Our intention was to identify definite electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of the left anterior hemiblock and of inferior myocardial infarction when both were present vectorcardiographically. All patients with left anterior hemiblock, accompanied or not by IMI, had a left axis deviation, a negative terminal deflection (S wave) in leads II, III and a VF; the majority of them also had a terminal r wave in lead a VR (50 of 52, 96%). The diagnosis of LAH was therefore always possible in the concomitant presence of both entities. A negative initial deflection (Q wave) significant in size or not significant was present in a minority of patients with both LAH and IMI (9 of 24, 37.5% in lead II; 7 of 24, 25% in lead III; and 12 of 24, 50% in lead aVF). In the patients with insignificant Q waves, as well as in the rest of the patients with rS configuration, the electrocardiographic diagnosis of IMI was not possible due to the concomitant presence of LAH. PMID- 7299307 TI - Conduction disturbances in the middle internodal tract of the rabbit heart. AB - Conduction properties between the sinus node and the septal branch of the crista terminalis, the so-called middle internodal tract, were studied in the isolated rabbit right atrium. Recordings were obtained from two simultaneously impaled microelectrodes using the extrastimulation technique after cutting the anterior and posterior internodal tracts. Several types of conduction block were observed associated with steplike prepotentials and distortions of perinodal fibers in the absence of pharmacological intervention. Prolongation of sino-septal conduction time occurred with decreasing coupling intervals. The return cycle of the atria gradually increased with prolongation of the retrograde conduction time of premature impulses to the SN until entrance block was seen. Several observations in this data demonstrate the influence of concealed or manifest retrograde conduction into the perinodal fibers of the sinus node after premature stimulation of the atria, as critical delay within the perinodal region could alter conduction time of the premature depolarization, reset the sinus node, and influence subsequent antegrade conduction alone or in various combinations. PMID- 7299308 TI - Long term followup of incomplete right bundle branch block: the risk of development of complete right bundle branch block. PMID- 7299309 TI - Body surface distributions of repolarization potentials after acute myocardial infarction. III. Dipole ranging in normal subjects and in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Dipole ranging is a method to determine the location, strength and orientation of the heart vector from body surface measurements. This technique was applied to electrocardiographic data recorded from forty-five normal subjects and from twenty patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction. Moments and locations during the QRST interval were determined by the potential integration formulae of Gabor and Nelson. Results in the normal population showed stability of both variables during cardiac recovery. In subjects with acute infarction, dipole loci were stable during much of the ST-segments of loci compatible with the anatomic positions of the lesions. Thus, dipole ranging methods can provide physiologically relevant information when applied to human electrocardiographic problems. PMID- 7299310 TI - The determination of the human ventricular gradient from body surface potential map data. AB - We have analyzed the Wilson ventricular gradient in terms of body surface potential maps and of the reduction of such surface patterns to equivalent dipoles or vectors. While the ventricular gradient traditionally was treated as first a scalar, then a vector concept, we found that the three entities (QRS area, T area, QRST area) did not reduce to vectors with a common location. However, conventional vector addition (QRST area = QRS area + T area) did precisely apply. Further we found considerable more-than-vector or extra-dipolar information remaining for all three entities after removal of the dipole effect. This suggests that maps of these entities should be considered the boundaries of complex electrical fields rather than simple surface effects of vectors. PMID- 7299311 TI - Q-T interval in sinus arrhythmia. PMID- 7299312 TI - Patient activated asynchronous ventricular pacing at normal rates for termination of ventricular tachycardia. AB - Ventricular pacing has been used to prevent or convert ventricular tachycardia. We report the use of patient-activated asynchronous mode ventricular pacing at normal rates for conversion of ventricular tachycardia by competitive pacing impulses. Following electrophysiologic studies, a specially constructed pacemaker was inserted. Routine function mode resulted in no output but activation of the reed switch resulted in V00 (asynchronous) pacing at 80/min. Patient-initiated conversion of ventricular tachycardia was documented by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. The patient reports an average of two episodes per month converted over a four year period. PMID- 7299313 TI - Pseudo right atrial overloading pattern in complete defect of the left pericardium. AB - Two cases with complete defect of the left pericardium showing tall and peaked P waves in the right precordial leads are described. A review of the literature has yielded nine cases with uncomplicated complete defect of the left pericardium showing similar P wave changes. Right heart catheterization, performed in nine cases, including the present two cases, revealed no evidence of an intracardiac shunt in any case and normal intracardiac pressure in eight cases. Therefore, this P wave changes seems to be related to intrathoracic shift in cardiac position permitted by the absence of the restraining pericardium. PMID- 7299314 TI - Cytoarchitecture of the rat dorsal root ganglia as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 7299315 TI - Peritoneal free cells in mice, examined by transmission electron microscopy in thick sections. PMID- 7299316 TI - Observation of low contrast biological specimens by annular type STEM darkfield method using signal processor. PMID- 7299317 TI - Age-related changes in the metabolism of [3H] testosterone in vitro by the epididymis of the immature rat. AB - We examined the production in vitro of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites from testosterone by the rat epididymis during pubertal maturation. Minced caput and cauda epididymides from 30-,45-, and 55-day-old rats were incubated with [3H] testosterone for 2h. Analysis of the radioactive metabolites revealed both similarities and differences in the metabolic patterns compared to those reported for adult rats. As in adults, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was the most abundant metabolite produced by both epididymal segments at all three ages, and it was formed in larger quantities in the caput epididymidis than in the cauda. However, [3H] testosterone metabolism by the epididymis of the immature rat was characterized by a lower formation of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and higher production of 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione than in adults. Production of these two metabolites by the caput region increased and decreased respectively, toward adult levels, with increasing age. In addition, the amount of [3H] testosterone metabolized was higher with tissues from prepubertal rats (30 days of age) than with those from rats 55 days of age. These data suggest that testosterone metabolism in the caput begins to change to that of the adult during the period of pubertal maturation but apparently not until later in the cauda epididymidis. PMID- 7299318 TI - Effects of short-term bilateral and unilateral castration and androgen replacement on the metabolism of [3H] testosterone in vitro by the epididymis of the immature rat. AB - The in-vitro metabolism of [3H] testosterone by the epididymis of the pubertal rat (55 days of age) has been examined after short-term bilateral and unilateral castration and androgen replacement. Bilateral castration did not decrease the metabolism of [3H] testosterone, but did result in a decline in the proportion of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone produced and an increase in that of 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, androsterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione. Changes in metabolism occurred in the caput within 2 days after surgery, but not until 5 days after surgery in the cauda epididymidis. Daily testosterone treatment, which maintained prostatic growth in bilaterally castrated animals, did not restore normal androgen metabolism and increased further the production of androsterone and 5 alpha-androstanedione by the cauda. In unilaterally castrated animals, androgen metabolism in epididymal tissue from the operated side was normal in the cauda but was indistinguishable in the caput from that of bilaterally castrated rats. These results indicate that (a) androgen metabolism by the caput, compared to that by the cauda, responds more quickly to androgen withdrawal and (b) that in the short term, normal androgen metabolism by the caput, but not the cauda, is dependent upon the presence of the ipsilateral testis. Furthermore, testosterone alone proved an inadequate replacement for bilateral castration which implies that the pubertal rat testis secretes additional compounds which are essential for normal function of the epididymis. PMID- 7299319 TI - Effects of experimental hyper- and hypothyroidism on numbers of blood mononuclear cells and immune function in rats and guinea-pigs. AB - A possible effect of thyroid hormones on numbers of mononuclear cells and immune reactivity has been studied in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid guinea-pigs and rats. There were no major changes in populations of blood mononuclear cells in hyperthyroid or hypothyroid animals compared with populations in euthyroid animals. Although there was some evidence for depressed cell-mediated responses to an extract of Candida (monilia) albicans in hyperthyroid rats as assessed by skin tests, this was minor, and responses in tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) were normal in all groups, whilst production of macrophage migration inhibition factor in response to PPD and Candida was similar in the three groups of animals. Antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, a thymic dependent antigen, tended to be depressed in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats and increased in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid guinea-pigs, although this was significant only for hyper-thyroid guinea-pigs 16 days after immunization. Responses to trinitrophenol-Ficoll, a thymic-independent antigen, were similar to the three groups of guinea-pigs. Thus, a major effect of excess or deficiency of thyroid hormone on immune responses to foreign antigens has not been demonstrated, although it is possible that immune reactions against thyroid antigens may be more sensitive to the effect of thyroid hormones than responses to foreign antigens. PMID- 7299320 TI - Importance of perinatal testosterone in sexual differentiation in the male rat. AB - Testosterone secretion in the male rat was high during the late fetal and immediate postnatal periods. It then showed a rapid decrease 3h after birth and remained low until puberty. Male rats from mothers given daily injections of an antibody to testosterone during the week before delivery displayed an LH peak when they were adult, orchidectomized and implanted with oestradiol. However, the amplitude of the peak was far smaller than in female rats from the same mothers treated in the same manner. Thus, the critical period during which testosterone triggers hypothalamic sexual differentiation is very close to birth, possibly starting at the end of the fetal period. PMID- 7299321 TI - In-vitro uptake and metabolism of [3H] corticosterone by mammary glands from pregnant, lactating, and post-lactational rats and by parametrial adipose tissue from lactating rats. AB - The study was designed to determine the influence of the physiological state on the in-vitro uptake and metabolism of glucocorticoid hormone by the mammary gland. [3H] Corticosterone was accordingly incubated with minced mammary glands from pregnant, lactating and post-lactational rats. The total uptake of [3H] corticosteroid was obtained from the concentration of radioactivity by the tissue and the specific activity of the steroid substrate. The extent of 21-acylation was determined as the percentage of the radioactivity in the chromatographed tissue extracts attributable to 21-acyl-[3H] corticosterone. The results indicated that the uptake of [3H] corticosteroid increased with advancing pregnancy, attained a high plateau level during lactation, and steadily declined during the post-lactational period. The extent of 21-acylation of [3H] corticosterone varied from 10 to 40%, fluctuating widely in all physiological states, particularly during the post-lactational period. It was inferred that the stromal elements, presumably the adipocytes, of the mammary gland can also acylate the corticosteroid hormone, a view which gained experimental support from similar studies with minced parametrial adipose tissue from lactating rats. PMID- 7299322 TI - The possible role of prolactin in the regulation of nesting behaviour and the secretion of luteinizing hormone in broody bantams. AB - The time spent each day on the nest and the rate of formation of the brood patch before the onset of incubation were measured in bantams (Gallus domesticus) and related to changes in the concentrations of plasma LH and prolactin. The hens spent progressively more time on the nest in the 5 days before the onset of incubation so that by the first day of incubation they were spending more than 90% of their time in this way. The concentration of plasma prolactin increased while that of LH fell on successive days before the onset of incubation: the increase in plasma prolactin preceded the fall in plasma LH by 2 days. The formation of the brood patch closely followed the increase in the concentration of plasma prolactin. In four out of five bantams the increase in nesting behavior was preceded by an increase in the secretion of prolactin. An injection of chicken prolactin antiserum into bantams incubating eggs resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the plasma concentration of LH. The observations suggest that, in the bantam, the onset of incubation is initiated by an increase in the secretion of prolactin which also suppresses the secretion of LH. PMID- 7299324 TI - Mesencephalic areas controlling pulsatile oxytocin release in the suckled rat. PMID- 7299323 TI - Stimulation by human chorionic gonadotrophin of oestradiol production by dispersed cells from human corpus luteum: comparison with progesterone production; utilization of exogenous testosterone. AB - Cell suspensions were prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained during the mid- and late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both oestradiol and progesterone production by dispersed cells were stimulated by similar concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). As the degree of stimulation of production by hCG was greater for progesterone than for oestradiol (five- to tenfold compared two- to threefold higher than basal production), the ratio of progesterone to oestradiol produced varied according to the level of trophic stimulation. A comparison of cell suspensions prepared form mid- to late luteal phase corpora lutea, exposed to the same concentration of hCG (10 i.u./ml) in vitro, did not reveal a shift to oestradiol production in the late luteal phase. Provision of additional testosterone during incubation raised the level of oestradiol production by dispersed luteal cells. At an optimum concentration of testosterone (l mumol/l), oestradiol synthesis was not raised further in the presence of hCG or N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting a lack of induction or activation of the aromatase system by gonadotrophin in short-term cultures. Basal and stimulated levels of progesterone production were not significantly impaired in the presence of testosterone. PMID- 7299326 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of aldosterone secretion? AB - Metoclopramide (10 mg i.v. injection followed by 10 mg/h i.v. for 2 h) caused a transient rise in blood concentrations of aldosterone in sodium-replete and sodium-depleted sheep. Infusion of metoclopramide into the adrenal artery of sheep with an autotransplanted adrenal gland, at a rate to give a similar concentration of metoclopramide at the adrenal cell level (calculated from rate of infusion and adrenal blood flow), resulted in no alteration in aldosterone secretion rate in either sodium-replete or sodium-deplete animals, even though intravenous metoclopramide caused transient stimulation of aldosterone secretion in the same sheep when sodium replete. Dopamine administered either into the adrenal arterial blood supply or intravenously had no significant effect on aldosterone secretion and did not reverse the stimulatory effects of angiotensin II on aldosterone secretion in the adrenal transplant. The data do not support the suggestion that direct dopaminergic elements play a tonic inhibitory role in aldosterone secretion. It is possible that the agonist effect of metoclopramide on aldosterone secretion may occur by some non-dopaminergic mechanism and it is tempting to speculate that the effect is centrally mediated. PMID- 7299325 TI - Effect of injected human chorionic gonadotrophin on capillary permeability, extracellular fluid volume and the flow of lymph and blood in the testes of rats. AB - The subcutaneous injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) into adult male rats caused appreciable rises in capillary permeability and lymph flow in the testis, accompanied by smaller rises in the volume of extratubular, extracellular fluid. Most of these changes were already apparent 8 h after injection, but became progressively greater during the next 12 h. Testicular blood flow was unchanged at 12 h but increased slightly between 12 and 6 h after injection. The primary effect is probably the increase in capillary permeability. The timing of these changes suggests that HCG does not affect the capillaries directly, but it would seem that the changes are due to some substances secreted by the testis in response to the HCG. It is clear that these changes will have important influences both on the access to the testicular cells of peptide hormones in the blood and also on the passage into the venous blood of hormones secreted by the testis. PMID- 7299327 TI - Uterine oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the ovariectomized rat. AB - The effect was studied of repeated injections of oestradiol-17 beta (5, 10, 25, 50 micrograms) given for various lengths of time (3, 5, 9 days) on total cell content of oestrogen receptors and cytosol progesterone receptors in the uteri of ovariectomized rats. An additional group of rats was injected daily with 50 micrograms oestradiol benzoate (OB) for 9 days in order to achieve a more sustained concentration of oestradiol in the blood. Injections were begun 24h after ovariectomy and the rats were killed 24h after the last injection. Daily administration of 5 micrograms oestradiol prevented the initial transient rise in oestrogen receptors which was observed in the uteri of untreated rats after ovariectomy. Repeated injections of 10 micrograms oestrogen produced an initial lowering in oestrogen receptors after 3 days of treatment which was followed by a prompt rise at 5 and 9 days when treatment was continued. A significant reduction in oestrogen receptors occurred at all times studied when rats were injected daily with 25 and 50 micrograms oestradiol. A more profound reduction in oestrogen receptors was observed in the group of rats treated for 9 days with 50 micrograms OB. Synthesis of progesterone receptors was stimulated by all doses of oestrogen studied. Concentrations of progesterone receptors were significantly higher after 3 and 5 days of treatment with 25 and 50 micrograms oestrogen. After 9 days of treatment, however, concentrations of progesterone receptors were virtually identical in all treated groups, including the group treated with OB. We have concluded that large doses of oestrogen significantly decrease oestrogen receptor content in the rat uterus, especially when OB is used. The degree of reduction, however, is only moderate under these experimental conditions and is insufficient to inhibit synthesis of progesterone receptors. PMID- 7299328 TI - Influences of some endocrine glands and of hormone replacement on the porphyrins of the Harderian glands of mice. AB - There are marked sex differences in the Harderian gland of the C3H/He strain of mice. Female (but not male) glands contain large amounts of porphyrin, which are readily visible as solid depositions within the lumina. The histology and porphyrin content of the Harderian gland were examined in intact and in pregnant mice and in mice subjected to combinations of adrenalectomy, gonadectomy and administration of sex steroid hormones. In male mice, castration approximately doubled the amount of porphyrin in the Harderian gland. Castration plus adrenalectomy increased the levels over 30-fold, to levels similar to those found in female mice, although adrenalectomy alone produced no significant effect. Administration of testosterone to the male mice which had been castrated and adrenalectomized prevented the increases while progesterone treatment produced further increases in porphyrins. In intact females, the amount of porphyrin varied with the phase of the oestrous cycle; being lowest during metoestrus and highest during dioestrus. In ovariectomized-adrenalectomized females, the effects of administered sex hormones on the amount of porphyrin in the gland were the same as in males. In pregnant mice, the level was no significantly different from that in intact oestrous animals. PMID- 7299330 TI - Hormonal control of cell death in the luminal epithelium of the mouse uterus. AB - An attempt has been made to assess quantitatively the extent of cell death in the uterine epithelium after oestrogen treatment. [3H]Thymidine was injected into ovariectomized mice at an interval after oestrogen treatment when many of the luminal epithelial cells were in the S phase of mitosis. Uptake of [3H]thymidine was confirmed by autoradiography of sections of uterus and scintillation counting of trichloracetic acid-insoluble fraction of whole uterine horns. Radioactivity declined after the cessation of oestrogen treatment but remained high if treatment was continued. The decline appears to be correlated with the cell death previously demonstrated in histological sections of uteri under similar conditions. PMID- 7299329 TI - Circadian rhythm of prolactin surges induced by stimulation of the uterine cervix in the ovariectomized rat: its sexual differentiation and preoptic regulation. AB - Stimulation of the uterine cervix (CS) induced a nocturnal surge of prolactin at 04.00 h and a diurnal surge at 17.00h in normal ovariectomized rats. However, the CS-induced prolactin propionate during the neonatal period. Chronic bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) completely abolished the CS-induced nocturnal and diurnal surges of prolactin release which were observed in sham lesioned, ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, bilateral lesions of the medial basal part of the suprachiasmatic area (MBSC), lying rostral to the SCN, were also effective in blocking the CS-induced nocturnal and diurnal surges. Lesions which destroyed mainly the optic chiasma and extended partially into the MBSC and SCN did not block the CS-induced prolactin surges. These results suggest that one reason for the failure of ovary-grafted male rats and neonatally androgenized female rats to maintain pseudopregnancy is the extinction of the circadian rhythm of the two daily prolactin surges, and that the MBSC, in addition to the SCN which is known to be a generator of other circadian rhythms, is involved in generation of the rhythm of prolactin surges. PMID- 7299331 TI - Secretion of luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized adult rats treated neonatally with monosodium glutamate. AB - We have studied the possible effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on LH secretion in ovariectomized rats. In experiment 1 MSG-treated and control rats were given oestradiol benzoate at noon and 72 h later half the rats in each group were given a second injection of oestradiol benzoate or progesterone. Blood samples were taken immediately before and 6 h after these i.m. injections. At 78 h there were no significant differences in plasma LH concentration measured in the two groups of rats given progesterone or in the two groups given a second injection of oestradiol benzoate although for both MSG-treated and control rats progesterone produced a significantly (P less than 0.01) greater LH surge than did oestradiol benzoate. In experiment 2 100 ul blood samples were collected at 5 min intervals for up to 3 h from MSG-treated and control rats. For rats showing more than one pulsatile discharge of LH, peak and trough values for plasma LH concentrations were no significantly influenced by MSG treatment. However the mean pulse height was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in the MSG treated group than in control rats. Pulsatile release stopped more quickly in the MSG-treated rats and their mean plasma LH concentration after 120 min of blood sampling was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than that obtained in the control animals. Thus, although some aspects of LH secretion seem to be significantly different in MSG-treated rats, these effects may result from the greater sensitivity of the MSG-treated animals to experimental manipulation. PMID- 7299333 TI - A comparative review of Asian and British-born maternity patients in Bradford, 1974-8. AB - The perinatal mortality rate for Asian babies born in Bradford during the five years 1974-8 was persistently higher than for babies born to United Kingdom mothers. A comparative review of 18 924 British indigenous and 6443 Asian immigrant maternity patients delivered in Bradford from 1974-8 demonstrated several differences between the two ethnic groups. Factors operating in favour of Asian women were fewer teenage mothers, lower rates of illegitimacy, and fewer smokers. On the other hand, a greater number of factors presented increased risks to Asian patients-more women aged over 35, lower social class, higher parity, shorter pregnancy intervals, previous perinatal deaths, shorter duration of antenatal care, anaemia, shorter gestations, more babies born without professional help, and more low-birthweight babies. Local health education programmes are now concentrating on encouraging expectant mothers to attend early and regularly for antenatal care, to breast-feed their babies, and to increase the interval between pregnancies to at least one year. PMID- 7299332 TI - The incidence of anencephalus in the Fylde peninsula 1956-76 and changes in water hardness. AB - In an area which had a high incidence of anencephalus, 3.2 per 1000 births, there was a significant drop to 1.3 per 1000, below the national average of 1.7 to 1.8, among conceptions after 1967. In the northern part of the area this drop was greater in summer than winter conceptions, providing additional evidence of a different process underlying case occurrences in the north of the area from that in the south. In 1957-61 there were significantly more births of anencephalic babies in North Fylde than in South Fylde, but both areas were supplied with soft water. From 1962 to 1969 the water changed from soft to slightly hard. Soft water does not appear to be a primary aetiological factor in anencephalus, but hard water may mitigate the effect of other factors. PMID- 7299334 TI - The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the Outer Hebrides compared with north east Scotland and the Orkney and Shetland Islands. AB - Multiple sclerosis has been reported to have a high prevalence in the Orkney and Shetland Islands and in Caithness in comparison with the highlands of Scotland and the Outer Hebrides-the Western Isles. For this reason a survey was undertaken in the Outer Hebrides and 25 probable and 30 probable and possible patients with multiple sclerosis were found. This is an increase from eight and 11 respectively found in 1954. The present prevalence rate of 97.3 per 100 000 for probable and possible multiple sclerosis is not significantly different from that found in a recent study in the Grampian region in north-east Scotland. Repeated studies in small populations generally show increasing prevalence of multiple sclerosis because some patients are missed in the earlier studies, and over a long period of time there may also be some increase in survival time. This increase has been found in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, in north-east Scotland, and also in the Outer Hebrides. PMID- 7299335 TI - The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Sicily. I: Monreale city. AB - The prevalence of probable multiple sclerosis in Monreale city, close to the university city of Palermo, Sicily, is at least 43 per 100 000. If the possible multiple sclerosis patient is included, it is 47 per 100 000. This prevalence is not significantly different from that found in Enna city, 53 per 100 000. The prevalence in Sicily and, no doubt, in Italy has, in the past, been seriously underestimated. This confirms the need for thorough studies of small populations if many patients are not to be overlooked in a prevalence survey. PMID- 7299336 TI - The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Sicily. II: Agrigento city. AB - The prevalence of probable multiple sclerosis in Agrigento city on the south-west coast of Sicily is at least 2 per 100 000. This is likely to be a considerable underestimate of the true prevalence because the study presented particular difficulties in that the city is far from the neurological centres of Palermo. Catania, and Messina. There is no neurological department at either the general or the psychiatric hospital in Agrigento and there was a low awareness of the disease among the doctors in the city. Most of the patients were diagnosed in other centres. Agrigento is a good example of the difficulties of studying multiple sclerosis in a rural city which has no special interest in neurological problems and is far from a neurological centre. Studies in such centres must be pursued with great enthusiasm and over a long period of time, and all available sources of information in the city, medical and lay, and in other cities, must be utilised if a high proportion of the patients is to be found. PMID- 7299337 TI - Consistency of data collected from inmates of a common lodging house. AB - The quality of data obtainable by questionnaire from residents of a common lodging house was explored by comparing the answers received by questioning such men on two or three occasions six months apart. Consistency between the answers obtained on different occasions was good for men who already knew the interviewer well as their medical officer but poor otherwise. PMID- 7299338 TI - Cyclical variation in psychotropic drug prescription. PMID- 7299339 TI - Whooping cough in relation to other childhood infections in 1977-9 in the United Kingdom. AB - Estimates based upon notifications indicate that there was in the 1977-9 triennium in the United Kingdom the largest outbreak of whooping cough for 20 years or more. During this triennium there was also a sharp increase in other infections diseases of childhood, notably in non-notifiable respiratory infections. Isolates of certain respiratory viruses ran in parallel and collectively outnumbered those of Bordetella pertussis during the period of increase in notifications. There was highly significant positive correlation between isolates of B pertussis and of ECHO viruses, of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and rhinoviruses and, in Scotland only, of Coxsackie virus. Deaths in which whooping cough was certified as the immediate of underlying cause were lower than in previous outbreaks. Only a minority were bacteriologically confirmed. A closer study of the outbreak in Glasgow disclosed considerable variations in notification procedure and lack of correlation with isolates of B pertussis at the peak of the notification period. Attack rates calculated from notification were higher in deprived areas. Birth cohort studies showed a significantly higher proportion of notifications in unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and this was confirmed in family studies of clinical whooping cough in home contacts. But, overall, about 35% of reported cases were children who had received three injections of triple vaccine. Acceptance of pertussis vaccine fell sharply in 1975 but about 95% of unvaccinated children in age groups 0-5, including the 1977 and the 1977 and 1978 birth cohorts, either escaped infection or were not notified. PMID- 7299340 TI - Five-year age-specific incidence rates. II: The accuracy of calculations of expected number of tumours. AB - Five-year age-specific incidence rates were shown to produce small but systematic errors in the calculation of the expected number of tumours in a hypothetical but realistic study population. Underestimates occurred at younger ages (under 55) and overestimates at older ages, with a small overestimate (0.22%) overall. Larger errors (up to 12%) were obtained when there was a rapid change in the single-year age structure of the study population. Interpolation between five year rates will normally produce an inaccurate set of one-year rates. It is shown, with the example of a logarithmic interpolation, that these rates tend to produce errors of similar size to the five-year rates but with a small underestimate overall (0.37%). However, the interpolated rates produced the smaller errors (up to 1%) when the study population age structure undergoes rapid change. A method is suggested for partially correcting the error in the interpolated rates. PMID- 7299341 TI - The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study. Prevalence and epidemiology of cervical neoplasia. AB - The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study showed a prevalence of carcinoma-in-situ that rose to a peak of 6.1/1000 in age group 35-44 and then decreased. Prevalence of microinvasive and occult invasive carcinoma rose to peaks of 1.8/1000 and 1.1/1000 respectively in age group 45-54 and then declined. Epidemiological analysis was based on comparison to three groups-dysplasia, carcinoma-in-situ and microinvasive carcinoma combined, and occult and clinical invasive carcinoma combined. For all groups prevalence increased with lower social class, was higher in widowed, divorced and separated women than in married women, and increased with decreasing age at first marriage and at first pregnancy and with increasing number of pregnancies. The magnitude of these association was remarkably similar for all three histological groups. Screening for cervical neoplasia is based on the belief that the various histological categories are part of a continuum, a spectrum of disease, and the existence of a common epidemiological pattern for the three histological groups is consistent with such a hypothesis. PMID- 7299342 TI - The Paris Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevention Trial. Effects of two years of intervention in a population of young men. AB - The Paris Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevention Trial was designed to determine whether individualised intervention could induce a reduction in the coronary risk factor levels in young men. Three thousand three hundred and thirty-six men aged 25 to 35, working in the 160 sections of a large Parisian administration, were examined. The section were randomly allocated to a control and an intervention group. Advice concerning diet, cigarette smoking, and physical activity was provided repeatedly to the subjects in the intervention group. Two years after the first intervention, the first 1292 subjects who entered the study, whether from the intervention or the control group, were recalled; 86% of the intervention group and 84% of the control group responded. The changes in weight, blood pressure, and cigarette smoking in the intervention group, corrected for changes in the control group, were respectively -0.4 kg (p = 0.06), -1.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), and -1.2 cigarettes (p less than 0.01). There was no difference between the two groups in serum cholesterol change. Most of these results concerning young men are in agreement with recently reported results of community intervention programmes in middle-aged men. PMID- 7299343 TI - The effect of fluoridation on the dental health of urban Scottish Schoolchildren. AB - A comparison was made of the dental health of children aged 4-5 and 9-10 in two Scottish towns, one with fluoridated drinking water and the other without. Striking differences were observed. A 44% reduction in decayed, missing, and filled deciduous teeth was found in 4-5 year-olds in the fluoridated compared with the non-fluoridated town and a 50% reduction in decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth was recorded for the 9-10-year-olds. Larger percentage differences were found for the anterior teeth: a 65% reduction in deciduous incisors and canines, and an 81% reduction in permanent incisors and canines. Fluoridation of public water supplies in urban areas of Scotland would be a safe and effective way of dramatically improving dental health. PMID- 7299344 TI - Expression of an idiotype (Id-460) during in vivo anti-dinitrophenyl antibody responses. III. Detection of Id-460 in normal serum that does not bind dinitrophenyl. AB - Using an anti-idiotypic antibody previously characterized as specific for the hapten binding site of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-binding BALB/c myeloma protein MOPC-460, we have detected substantial amounts of this idiotype (Id-460) in the serum of normal mice. Whereas the idiotypic material in DNP-immune serum binds to DNP, the Id-460-positive material in normal mouse serum is not specific for DNP. The material in normal serum appears to be immunoglobulin. Furthermore, Id-460 positive, non-DNP-binding monoclonal immunoglobulins that completely inhibit our assay for Id-460 are repeatedly isolated when hybridomas are prepared from LPS activated normal spleen cells. These data are interpreted in the context of Jerne's network hypothesis. It is our conclusion that the non-DNP-binding form of Id-460 is the inherited form and that this form establishes an idiotypic network favoring the production of anti-DNP bearing Id-460. Thus, the paradox of finding an inherited idiotype in the antibody response to the nonpathogen DNP may be resolved by proposing that the true form of Id-460 is specific for an environmental pathogen and that Id-460 dominance in the anti-DNP response is simply a consequence of idiotype-specific regulatory events preconditioned by Id 460-bearing immunoglobulin specific for antigenic determinants unrelated to DNP. PMID- 7299345 TI - Molecular complexity of leukocyte surface glycoproteins related to the macrophage differentiation antigen Mac-1. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been obtained that react with the murine leukocyte surface glycoproteins bearing the macrophage differentiation antigen Mac-1. Structural and antigenic analysis shows that related glycoproteins are found on other murine hematopoietic cell types. The data not only illustrate the complexity of cell surface structures that can be detected by means of monoclonal antibodies, but also raise questions as to the functional significance of this family of molecules within the hematopoietic system. PMID- 7299346 TI - Idiotypy of clonal responses to influenza virus hemagglutinin. AB - Anti-idiotype antisera were raised in syngeneic (BALB/c mice) and homologous (A/J mice) systems to study the cross-reactive idiotypes among monoclonal antibodies to PR8 and B/Lee virus HA and the expression of these idiotypes during primary and secondary antiviral responses of BALB/c mice. Extensive idiotypic cross reactivity was demonstrated among monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct antigenic determinants on PR8 hemagglutinin (HA). The study of idiotypy of monoclonal antibodies against the same or overlapping antigenic determinants on B/Lee HA showed that these monoclonal antibodies may bear (a) a true individual idiotype not shared by other monoclonal antibodies, (b) idiotypes shared by few monoclonal antibodies, and (c) true cross-reactive idiotypes shared by all of these monoclonal antibodies. In contrast, no cross-reactive idiotypes were detectable among monoclonal antibodies to B/Lee HA and monoclonal antibodies to PR8 HA. Furthermore, we have shown that the anti-idiotype antibodies we used recognize determinants on monoclonal antibodies closely associated with antigenic binding sites. Finally, studies of the idiotypes expressed during primary and secondary antiviral HA responses of mice immunized with B/Lee virus revealed persistence of some idiotypes during both primary and secondary responses, whereas others were only expressed in the primary or secondary response. PMID- 7299347 TI - Antitumor effects of hydrogen peroxide in vivo. AB - Glucose oxidase, covalently coupled to polystyrene microspheres (GOL), produced H(2)0(2) at an average rate of 3.6 nmol/min per 10(9) beads under standard assay conditions. Injection of 1.3 x 10(10) to 1.1 x 10(11) GOL i.p. prolonged the survival of mice by 27 percent after injection of 10(6) P388 lymphoma cells in the same site, consistent with destruction of 97.6 percent of the tumor cells. Placing mice for several hours in 100 percent O(2), the probable rate-limiting substrate for GOL, afforded a 42 percent prolongation of survival from P388 lymphoma, consistent with destruction of 99.6 percent of the tumor cells. When the P388 inoculum was 10(5), 10(4), or 10(3) cells, GOL led to long-term survival (presumed cure) of 23 percent, 77 percent, and 92 percent of the mice, respectively, consistent with reduction of the injected tumor dose to less than 10 cells. Subcutaneous growth of 10(5) P388 cells (approximately 300 lethal dose to 50 percent of mice) was suppressed in 83 percent of mice by admixture of GOL with the tumor cell inoculum. GOL alone had no effect against a more peroxide resistant tumor, P815 mastocytoma. However, P815 cell glutathione reductase could be inhibited in vivo by well-tolerated doses of the antitumor agent, 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)- 1-nitrosourea (BCNU). BCNU alone cured few mice with P815. Together, BCNU and GOL apparently cured 86 percent of mice injected with 10(6) P815 cells i.p. The protective effect of GOL was abolished by boiling it to inactivate the enzyme, by co-injection of catalase coupled to latex beads, or by delaying the injection of tumor cells for 3 h, by which time the beads had formed aggregates. Soluble glucose oxidase, in doses threefold higher than that bound to GOL, had no detectable antitumor effect. A single injection of preformed H(2)0(2) readily killed P388 cells in the peritoneal cavity, but only at doses nearly lethal to the mice. In contrast, GOL had very little toxicity, as judged by the normal appearance of the mice for over 400 d, gross and microscopic findings at autopsy, and various blood tests. GOL injected i.p. remained in the peritoneal cavity, where it was gradually organized into granulomata by macrophages, without generalized inflammation. Thus, an H(2)0(2)-generating system confined to the tumor bed exerted clear- cut antitumor effects with little toxicity to the host. PMID- 7299348 TI - Somatically generated mouse myeloma variants synthesizing IgA half-molecules. AB - Whereas mouse myelomas that secrete IgA half-molecules have been shown to arise in vivo, their origin has not been definitely established. We show that somatic variants secreting phenotypically similar molecules can arise directly from the normal IgA-secreting myelomas S107 and W3082. In addition to being improperly assembled, the variant proteins have distinct carboxy-terminal deletions and an aberrant heavy-light chain disulfide bond. For at least one of the variants, variable region serology and affinity for hapten are both unaffected by these changes. Southern and Northern blot analyses indicate normal size DNA restriction fragments and mRNA, suggesting premature termination as the mechanism of deletion. These results are discussed in relation to possible mutational hot spots and long-range interdomain interactions. PMID- 7299349 TI - Anti-phosphocholine hybridoma antibodies. II. Functional analysis of binding sites within three antibody families. AB - The present investigation extends our immunochemical characterization of binding site heterogeneity among a large series of monoclonal anti-phosphocholine (PC) antibodies. Hybridoma proteins (HP) from eight genetically distinct strains are included in this study, yet no strain specific characteristics are observed. These HP, as previously shown (5), are divided into three well-defined families based on public or family-specific Id and L chain isotypes characteristic of three PC-binding myeloma proteins: T15, M603, and M511. All antibodies exhibited some degree of inter- or intra-family heterogeneity, or both. Some of this intra family diversity was reflected by differential reactivity for PC when attached to three different carriers. In spite of this, the specificity profiles for hapten analogues of PC, as measured by hapten inhibition of binding, were the same for all members of the T15 family. Altering the carrier had no effect, thus suggesting that the binding site pocket for PC is essentially preserved, whereas that for carrier is variable. Similar conclusions were reached for most of the M603 HP, although the binding site is different from the T15 HP. The M511 HP stand in sharp contrast to the HP in the other two families because their binding sites exhibit extensive variability. The independence in reactivity for PC and PC plus carrier offers a rational explanation for idiotypic and/or structural heterogeneity within a family. More importantly it suggests interesting strategies for diversification within one group of antibodies. PMID- 7299352 TI - Teaching of forensic anthropology in the United States. PMID- 7299353 TI - Rebirth of exploding ammunition--a report of six human fatalities. PMID- 7299350 TI - Activated human monocytes inhibit the intracellular multiplication of Legionnaires' disease bacteria. AB - We have examined the interaction between virulent egg yolk-grown L. pneumophila, Philadelphia 1 strain, and in vitro-activated human monocytes, under antibiotic free conditions. Freshly explanted human monocytes activated by incubation with concanavalin A (Con A) and human lymphocytes inhibited the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila. Both Con A and lymphocytes were required for activation. Con A was consistently maximally effective at greater than or equal to 4 mug/ml. Monocytes activated by incubation with cell-free filtered supernatant from Con A-sensitized mononuclear cell cultures also inhibited the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophil a. The most potent supernatant was obtained from mononuclear cell cultures incubated with greater than or equal to 15 mug/ml Con A for 48 h. The degree of monocyte inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication was proportional to the length of time monocytes were preincubated with supernatant (48 {greater than} 24 {greater than} 12 h) and to the concentration of supernatant added (40 percent {greater than} 20 percent {greater than} 10 percent {greater than} 5 percent). Monocytes treated with supernatant daily were more inhibitory than monocytes treated initially only. With time in culture, monocytes progressively lost a limited degree of spontaneous inhibitory capacity and also lost their capacity to respond to supernatant with inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication. Supernatant-activated monocytes inhibited L. pneumophila multiplication in two ways. They phagocytosed fewer bacteria, and they slowed the rate of intracellular multiplication of bacteria that were internalized. As was the case with nonactivated monocytes, antibody had no effect on the rate of intracellular multiplication in supernatant-activated monocytes. Neither supernatant-activated nor nonactivated monocytes killed L. pneumophila in the absence of antibody. Both killed a limited proportion of these bacteria in the presence of antibody and complement. We have previously reported that anti-L, pneumophila antibody and complement neither promote effective killing of L. pneumophila by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes nor inhibit the rate of L. pneumophila multiplication in monocytes. These findings and our present report that activated monocytes do inhibit L. pneumophila multiplication indicate that cell-mediated immunity plays a major role in host defense against Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 7299351 TI - C-reactive protein is protective against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) has several properties that suggest that it may function as a bacterial opsonin. CRP shows binding reactivity with pneumococcal C polysaccharide, the cell wall carbohydrate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study we have demonstrated protection of mice against serotypes 3 and 4 of S. pneumoniae infection by a single prior injection of CRP. This effect was seen both in mice that lacked antibody to phosphocholine and in normal mice. Thus the opsonic properties of CRP previously described may be related to protection against pneumococcal infection. PMID- 7299354 TI - The use of brain digoxin concentrations to confirm blood digoxin concentrations. AB - Recent research suggests that the cardiotoxic as well as the neurotoxic effects of digitalis may be mediated by the central nervous system. Therefore brain regions implicated in the genesis of cardiac rhythm disorders were assayed for digoxin. An 125I-labeled radioimmunoassay was used to determine blood and tissue digoxin concentrations. Digoxin was found in the optic tract and optic chiasm in each of four persons who had been taking digoxin regularly. Digoxin is apparently concentrated from blood by the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle but not by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. However, digoxin was present in the area postrema and nucleus of the vagus only in the two digoxin overdose cases. Digoxin was not detected in any of the other brain regions analyzed. The presence of digoxin in the area postrema (the chemoreceptor trigger zone) and the nucleus of the vagus in the toxic but not in the therapeutic cases suggests a mechanism for the emesis and cardiac arrest brought about by digoxin toxicity in humans. The digoxin content of the medulla, especially the surface of the medulla under the obex, may be useful in confirmation of elevated blood digoxin concentrations. PMID- 7299356 TI - Characteristics of shored exit wounds. PMID- 7299355 TI - The trapping, storing, and subsequent analysis of ethanol in in-vitro samples previously analyzed by a nondestructive technique. AB - There is a need for a simple technique to collect breath samples of persons suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol. Solutions containing ethanol were analyzed using dichromatic oxidation procedures. The standard solutions were placed in a breath alcohol simulator at 34 degrees C and the vapors analyzed with a CMI Intoxilyzer, Model 4011AS, with one-way valves placed at either end to prevent air entering the outlet or leaving through the inlet. The analyzed 715-mL vapor sample was then pumped through an activated silica gel column. The trapped alcohol was removed from the column with water, and the resulting solution was analyzed by dichromate oxidation, liquid injection, and headspace gas chromatographic procedures. A very good linear relationship between concentration and peak height ratio was obtained by gas chromatography. The slope of the graph was used to calculate the percentage of blood alcohol for breath samples previously analyzed by the Intoxilyzer. The average deviation from the correct alcohol value was +/- 5%. Samples were collected, stored, and analyzed after 15, 90, and 120 days with no apparent loss of alcohol. The three methods of analyzing the trapped alcohol were compared. Over 100 trapped samples were collected in the field and analyzed, and the laboratory analyses were compared with the breath analyzer printouts. PMID- 7299357 TI - Ultrastructure of human tissues after prolonged interment in metal-lined coffins. AB - The ultrastructure of certain tissues is sometimes preserved after lengthy interment in metal-lined coffins. Susceptible structures of the epidermis, such as the mitochondria and nuclear envelopes, may be clearly identifiable. Electron microscopy thus permits recognition not only of individual cell types, but also of different intracytoplasmic organelles. In the same way, striped muscle fibers are well preserved, and all components of sarcomeres may be distinguished. PMID- 7299358 TI - Estimation of stature from the vertebral column in American Blacks. PMID- 7299359 TI - Propoxyphene in postmortem toxicology 1976-1978. AB - A total of 1859 cases provides the basis for this study in which propoxyphene, and often its major metabolite, was demonstrated by toxicological analysis in the blood or tissues of the deceased at 27 medical examiner or coroner's offices across the United States and Canada. The study period includes the last five months of 1975 through December 1978. The cases describe a clearly defined adult population with a marked tendency toward hypochondria, chronic minor illness, and severe psychiatric problems. The high proportion of suicides (44.1% of the total cases and 54.0% of the drug-caused deaths) and multiple-drug toxicities (88.6%) suggests that the involvement of propoxyphene in many of these fatalities may be of less significance than the phenomenon of "polypharmacy" and self-medication without appropriate medical supervision. This evaluation of propoxyphene provides no evidence that propoxyphene is responsible for "street-drug" fatalities. Its appearance in postmortem toxicological examinations has been declining sharply since 1977, but it continues to be dangerous when used excessively, particularly in combination with alcohol and other central nervous system depressant drugs. PMID- 7299360 TI - Forensic chemical examinations in Finland, 1979--trends in fatal poisoning. PMID- 7299361 TI - The determination of the sex of an individual from a dried bloodstain using radioimmunoassay of testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol-17 beta. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique was developed for the purpose of determining the sex of an individual by measuring the steroids testosterone (T), progesterone (P), and estradiol-17 beta (E2) in dried bloodstains. The steroid values from a single bloodstain are reported as ratios T/P, T/E2, and P/E2. The results reported include data on the validation of this technique, results of analysis of 146 duplicate bloodstains representing 112 samples from females and 34 samples from males as controls, and results of analysis of 114 duplicate bloodstains representing 60 from females and 54 from males that were submitted as a blind study to test the accuracy of this RIA technique in determining the sex of an individual from a dried bloodstain. PMID- 7299362 TI - Sex offenders: diagnosis, organicity, and intelligence. PMID- 7299363 TI - Informed consent - prescription of drugs. PMID- 7299364 TI - A case of shellfish associated cholera in South Florida. PMID- 7299365 TI - Congenital listeriosis: case report. PMID- 7299366 TI - What became of the rotating internship? PMID- 7299367 TI - Structural characteristics of nairoviruses (genus Nairovirus, Bunyaviridae). AB - Viruses from six antigenic groups of arthropod-borne viruses [Crimean--Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Nairobi sheep disease (NSD), Qalyub (QYB), Sakhalin (SAK), Dera Ghazi Khan (DGK) and Hughes (HUG) serogroups], some previously categorized as bunyavirus-like viruses and others previously ungrouped, have recently been assembled by serological analyses into a new genus of viruses (Nairovirus genus) in the Bunyaviridae. Molecular studies of the virion RNA and viral polypeptides have been undertaken with representative members of the different serogroups [Hazara (HAZ) and Congo (CON) viruses, CCHF group; Dugbe (DUG) virus, NSD group; QYB, Omo and Bandia (BDA) viruses, QYB group; Avalon (AVA) virus, SAK group; DGK and Abu Mina (AM) viruses, DGK group; and HUG virus, HUG group]. In agreement with a recent study of QYB virus and in part agreement with an earlier report on DUG virus, the results of these molecular analyses indicate that nairoviruses have: (i) three virion RNA species (large, L, medium, M, and small, S) with apparent mol. wt. of 4.1 x 10(6) to 4.9 x 10(6), 1.5 x 10(6) to 1.9 x 10(6) and 0.6 x 10(6) to 0.7 x 10(6) respectively; (ii) a 48 x 10(3) to 54 x 10(3) mol. wt. nucleocapsid (N) polypeptide; and (iii) two external glycopolypeptides, 72 x 10(3) to 84 x 10(3) mol. w. (G1) and 30 x 10(3) to 40 x 10(3) mol. wt. (G2). Cross-immune precipitation analyses have confirmed that viruses in the Nairovirus genus share antigenic determinants and are antigenically distinct from representative members of th Bunyavirus, Phlebovirus and Uukuvirus genera (Bunyaviridae). PMID- 7299368 TI - In vivo effect of a new mineral condensed ion (HPA 39) on murine Friend leukaemia. AB - HPA 39 is a tungsto-antimoniate compound, closely related to the mineral consensed ion HPA 23, from which it differs only by the presence of a potassium instead of a sodium ion inside the central cage. A single parenteral injection of HPA 39 on the same day as virus inoculation decreased the splenomegaly induced by Friend virus in DBA/2 mice and protected 90% of the infected animals against leukaemia. It also lowered the virus content in spleen extracts compared to untreated animals. The efficiency of treatment with HPA 39 on leukaemic mice at a late stage of the disease suggested that the compound may act at the cellular level as well as by inducing virus growth inhibition. HPA 39 also induced an early decrease of peripheral blood reticulocytes, and of the most differentiated erythroblasts in the bone marrow 1 day after injection of the compound. Mineral condensed ions therefore appear to have multiple biological effects both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7299369 TI - Polypeptide synthesis catalysed by components of Pichinde virus disrupted by detergent. AB - Pichinde virus preparations were investigated for ribosomal components and associated activities. After detergent treatment and fractionation, viral components were assayed for polypeptide synthesis, elongation of nascent polypeptide chains, and mRNA activity. It was demonstrated that these subviral particles could synthesize polypeptides when exogenous mRNA template, aminoacyl- tRNAs, translation factors, GTP and appropriate cations were added. Undisrupted, whole virions could not synthesize polypeptide; disruption and subsequent centrifugation of subviral ribosomes was a prerequisite for the biosynthetic activity described. PMID- 7299371 TI - The inhibition of vaccinia virus replication by 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB): an effect at the assembly stage. AB - The step sensitive to DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole) in vaccinia virus replication has been investigated. Ninety microM-DRB extensively inhibited the yield of vaccinia virus after infection of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. DRB did not inhibit cytoplasmic vaccinia DNA replication. Cytoplasmic viral RNA synthesis (both early and late) was also apparently unaffected and the virus RNAs thus synthesized were normal sized. The expression of early, intermediate and late proteins was not detectably impaired by DRB in vaccinia virus-infected cells. DRB inhibited vaccinia virus replication at the assembly stage since most of the virus DNA remained in a DNase-sensitive form in the infected cells and the virus was therefore not normally coated with virus proteins. PMID- 7299370 TI - Oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of Tacaribe virion RNA. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of RNA segments of the arenaviruses Pichinde (Pic) and Tacaribe (Tac) showed them to be distinguishable in that Pic S RNA had a slower electrophoretic mobility than Tac S RNA. The L and S RNA segments of Tac virions were found to have distinct RNase T1 oligonucleotide fingerprints, indicating that they are unique RNA species. The oligonucleotide patterns of the Tac L and S RNAs were also distinct from those of the corresponding Pic RNA segments. PMID- 7299372 TI - Purification and characterization of measles virus haemagglutinin protein G. AB - The 79 000 mol. wt. measles virion membrane glycoprotein G has been isolated from purified measles virus. Ultracentrifugation of 2% Triton X-100-treated measles virus produced a soluble supernatant fraction containing both G and F, the other external viral membrane protein. Lentil lectin-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography of this fraction gave a pure preparation of G protein. Sucrose density-gradient centrifugation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that G was isolated from the virion membrane in the form of a disulphide-linked dimer. Antiserum prepared against purified G reacted only with the G polypeptide of measles virus in a slab gel antibody overlay technique. The antiserum also exhibited haemagglutination inhibition, virus neutralization and haemolysis inhibition activities. PMID- 7299373 TI - Protein synthesis in Vero cells abortively infected with influenza B virus. AB - Growth of influenza B virus was found to be greatly restricted in Vero cells compared with that in MDCK cells. The analysis of protein synthesis in infected cells showed that the synthesis of M protein is selectively inhibited in abortive infection. Cell fractionation experiments demonstrated that the viral glycoproteins, HA and NA, migrate from rough membranes via smooth membranes to plasma membranes in abortive as well as in productive cells. These results suggest that intracellular migration of influenza B virus glycoproteins occurs independently of the synthesis of M protein although M protein synthesis appears to be required for the formation of virus particles. PMID- 7299374 TI - Cellular and antibody response to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in human colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood. AB - Samples of colostrum, maternal blood, and cord blood from a group of 21 women were examined for the presence of cellular reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus using a transformation assay and for the level of specific IgA, and IgG, and IgM antibodies to RS virus by membrane immunofluorescence. Six of the 18 colostral cell cultures and six of the 16 maternal blood cultures gave a significant proliferative response to RS virus antigen, although a positive response in both local and systemic cell cultures was found in only one another. In addition, one of 18 samples of cord blood gave a proliferative response to RS virus antigen. Detectable titres of IgA antibodies to RS virus were found in 15 of the 20 samples of colostral whey and in 13 of the 17 samples of maternal plasma examined. RS virus-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 10 of 20 colostral whey samples and in all samples of maternal cord plasma. In this study, it was not possible to demonstrate a relationship between a positive proliferative response of colostral cell cultures to RS virus and the level of specific IgA and IgG antibodies in colostral whey. Similarly, the proliferative response of material blood cultures was unrelated to the titre of specific IgA or IgG antibodies in maternal plasma. The relevance of the local cellular proliferative response to RS virus in colostral cell cultures to the protection afforded by breast-feeding is discussed. PMID- 7299375 TI - Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in infected hepatocytes by in situ cytohybridisation. AB - Plasmid pHBV 114 DNA, which contains 73% of the genome of hepatitis B virus (HBV), was radiolabelled with tritium to 1-2 X 10(8) dpm/microgram by nick translation and used as a radioactive probe to detect HBV DNA present in sections of infected liver tissue by in situ hybridisation followed by autoradiography. Factors affecting the sensitivity of the reaction were examined, including different methods of fixation, hybridisation time, temperature, and buffers. The specificity of the reaction for detecting viral DNA was carefully established by the use of unrelated DNA probes, pretreatment of sections with DNAase, and comparing the stability of the binding of DNA probe at different temperatures, with the melting curve of double-stranded DNA in solution. In the one liver studied in detail, cells containing large amounts of viral DNA were distributed in foci corresponding to areas containing morphologically damaged hepatocytes. This observation suggested a relationship between active viral replication and cell damage. Viral DNA was found mainly in the cytoplasm, although a minority of nuclei in these foci were also positive. PMID- 7299376 TI - Antibody-mediated infection of macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines with 17D-yellow fever virus. AB - The 17D vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (17D-YF) produces a safe human arboviral infection that can provide antisera of well-defined specificity under chronologically defined conditions. We studied 17D-YF growth in human peripheral blood macrophages and in two continuous Fc receptor-bearing, macrophage-like cell lines, P388D1 of mouse origin and U937 of human origin. Cells were infected with virus in the presence or absence of antibody to 17D-YF and to two related flaviviruses, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and dengue 2 (D2V). The virus 17D-YF grew in the three cell types when infection was established without antibody; viral yields were increased by addition of antibody to 17D-YF, SLE, and D2V. Increased titers of virus were accompanied by an increased number of infected cells by immunofluorescent assay. Enhancing activity was present in the IgG but not the IgM fractions of immune sera. Infection without cytopathic effect was observed in U937. PMID- 7299377 TI - Immunogenic effect of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine: comparison of 20 microgram and 40 microgram doses. AB - The immunogenic effect of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (Merck Heptavax B) was evaluated in 202 seronegative healthy medical personnel. Three inoculations of vaccine were given at 1-month intervals. Of 116 vaccinees who received a 40 microgram dose, 39% had an anti-HBs response 1 month after the first dose, 88% 1 month after the second dose, and 99% 1 month after the third dose. Of 86 vaccinees who received a 20 microgram dose, 40% had an anti-HBs response 1 month after the first dose, 79% after the second dose, and 95% after the third dose. These results confirm the high immunogenic effect of a 20-microgram dose of vaccine. PMID- 7299378 TI - The immune response of healthy adults to a reduced dose of hepatitis B vaccine. AB - Three hundred thirty-six medical personnel from hemodialysis centers were treated with three doses, 20 microgram each, of the Merck hepatitis B vaccine (at 0, 1, and 6 months). Within 1 month after the first injection, 41% converted to anti HBs positivity; after the second injection the conversion rate rose to 80-90%; and after the booster, to 96-98%. The later rate remained unchanged during the 18 month follow-up period. Only 2.8% of those vaccinated did not respond to the vaccine. The patterns of immune responses to 20-microgram doses were found to be exactly the same as to 40-microgram doses. It is suggested that reduced doses of vaccine should be as efficacious as the larger ones. PMID- 7299379 TI - Semantic-syntactic relations in the oral speech of an autistic adolescent. PMID- 7299381 TI - Psychiatric disorders in the context of evoolutionary biology. An ethological model of behavioral changes associated with psychiatric disorders. AB - This paper presents a model designed to account for behavioral changes associated with acute psychiatric illnesses. The model is developed from concepts and data presented in previous work by the authors and others and is strongly influenced by modern evolutionary theory. The model places a strong emphasis on the structural and organizational features of behavior and on testability. PMID- 7299382 TI - Borderline and schizophrenic patients. A comparative study of defensive structure. AB - Historically unresolved diagnostic questions regarding the borderline diagnosis and its relationship to schizophrenia are explored. Is the borderline syndrome a subvariant of schizophrenia or does it constitute a distinct diagnostic entity in its own right with specific, common, and identifiable features which set this group of patients off from others? Based on recent developments in psychoanalytic object relations theory, a Rorschach scoring manual designed to assess the primitive defenses that are conceptualized to underlie as well as organize the borderline patient was applied to independently selected samples of hospitalized borderline (DSM-III criteria) and schizophrenic (Research Diagnostic Criteria) adolescent and young patients. Consistent and significant differences were found between groups on the basis of defensive functioning. Borderline patients were found to use test measures of splitting, primitive devaluation, idealization, denial, and projective identification significantly more than schizophrenic patients. The levels of inter-rater reliability and the direction of the results in discriminating borderline from schizophrenic patients on the basis of defensive functioning indicate that the Rorschach Scoring System is a reliable and valid instrument. The implications of the results in terms of the differential diagnostic issues, the nature of borderline defenses, and the utilization of the Rorschach as a research instrument are considered. PMID- 7299380 TI - Psychiatric disorders in the context of evolutionary biology. A functional classification of behavior. AB - This paper examines selected psychiatric illnesses from an evolutionary biological perspective. We present a functional classification of behavior-a classification system concerned with biological goals and behaviors which have biological consequences. The paper begins with an outline of functional views in psychiatry. This is followed by a review of the theoretical framework which serves as the basis for the classification system presented here. Biological goals are then listed and discussed. The capacity of individuals with psychiatric illnesses to achieve biological goals is reviewed briefly. Adaptive behaviors used to pursue the biologically relevant goals are then presented. The relationship between the capacity to enact adaptive behaviors and goal achievement is discussed with particular emphasis on the important role of adaptive strategies as a means of goal pursuit. PMID- 7299383 TI - Depression and social adjustment among chronic schizophrenic outpatients. AB - An examination of the relationship between symptoms and social adjustment among 98 chronic schizophrenic outpatients revealed that depressive mood contributed most to overall social dysfunction. Correlational patterns between depressive mood and factors of social dysfunction among these patients were found to be similar to those found among acutely depressed outpatients. PMID- 7299384 TI - Effects of phenytoin withdrawal on matching to sample and workshop performance of mentally retarded persons. AB - The present study was designed to examine the effects of gradual phenytoin withdrawal on the matching to sample performance of three mentally retarded person. The percentage of correct responses per session served as the dependent variable, and the sample and comparison stimuli were red, green, and blue illuminations of translucent response windows. With two of the subjects, the sensitivity of a workshop assembly task to phenytoin effects was explored retrospectively. The dependent variables were percentage of time on task, number of completions, and number and type of prompts required per session. The results showed that doses of phenytoin considerably lower than the suggested optimum therapeutic level impaired the performance of mentally retarded individuals on both matching to sample and workshop assembly tasks. As doses were reduced for each subject, there were increases in the percentage of correct responding on the matching to sample task with the highest percentage correct being obtained after, and only after, the 0-mg dose was reached. In the workshop setting, the greatest number of assemblies completed and the lowest number of prompts required occurred only after the 0-mg dose was reached. The results are discussed in terms of generality, the tasks being well suited ot the study of drug effects with mentally retarded individuals, and implications for habilitation. PMID- 7299385 TI - Behavioral and cognitive effects of caffeine in boys and adult males. AB - The behavioral and cognitive effects of single doses of caffeine (3 and 10 mg/kg) were studied using a double blind placebo-controlled crossover design. Subjects were 19 prepubertal boys and 20 college age men. In general, children tended to show more objective effects of caffeine than did adults, with increased motor activity, increased speech rate, and decreased reaction time. Adults generally reported side effects following caffeine while children did not, and side effects were more prominent for adults with low habitual caffeine intake. Autonomic measures of arousal were similarly affected for both age groups. Caffeine had some effects that differed from those of amphetamine, indicating distinctive actions of the two stimulants. PMID- 7299386 TI - Psychotherapy skill profiles of psychiatric residents. AB - A survey of experienced clinicians has suggested that negative outcomes of psychotherapy may be related to misapplications or deficiencies of technique. The present study was, therefore, concerned with two questions: a) does the more competent psychiatric resident have a different profile of therapeutic skills from the less competent resident; and b) are the more competent residents more aware of their own behavior with patients than less competent residents? To answer these questions, a Supervisors' Evaluation Scale and a parallel Psychotherapy Self-Evaluation Scale were developed, and their reliability, content, and discriminant validities were established on the basis of their use with a group of psychiatric residents being supervised in an outpatient clinic. Results demonstrated that the more and less competent trainees, selected on the basis of global ratings, differed significantly on almost every item of the Supervisors' Evaluation Scale, but did not differ on most of the items of the Psychotherapy Self-Evaluation Scale. Residents reported it to be particularly difficult to deal with patients' aggression and acting out behavior, fee setting and collecting, and understanding the patients' defensive structures. The rating scales can be used to assist in supervision by assessing the level of acquired skills in psychotherapy, and can also be used to help identify special areas of strengths and weaknesses. PMID- 7299387 TI - Dynamic changes of serotonin levels during the first visual experience of binocularly deprived kittens. AB - Kittens deprived of pattern vision until the 28th day of life received monocular visual experience for 3, 6, 14, and 75 h. Biphasic response of serotonin was found in the visual cortex. Stimulation for 3 h resulted in an increase of serotonin level whereas at 14 h it produced a decrease. The effects are transient, no longer observable after 75 h stimulation. No changes were observed in somatosensory cortex. PMID- 7299388 TI - Choline acetyltransferase in skeletal muscle from patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Acetylcholine synthesis in homogenates of human intercostal muscle was measured by a radiochemical method. Choline acetyltransferase activity in control muscle was about 20 nmol . g-1 . h-1. The enzyme was found only in the endplate area of the muscle. At high substrate concentrations its activity was overshadowed by the acetylcholine synthesizing activity of a different enzyme not saturated by 10 mM choline. The nonspecific enzyme was present at and away from the endplate area. Choline acetyltransferase in parasternal samples of intercostal muscle from myasthenia gravis patients was about 2.5 times higher than in samples, taken from a more lateral location, of control patients, but the Km for choline was not altered (0.24 mM). It is suggested that in myasthenia gravis the shortage of acetylcholine receptors is partially compensated for by increased synthesis, storage, and release of the transmitter. PMID- 7299389 TI - Ontogenetic and imprinting-induced changes in chick brain protein metabolism and muscarinic receptor binding activity. AB - Over the 20-min period following exposure of young chicks to a flashing light as an imprinting stimulus there is an increased incorporation of [14C]leucine into an acidic (tubulin-enriched) protein fraction of the anterior dorsal forebrain in birds which have learnt the characteristics of the stimulus as compared with, either birds which have been exposed to an imprinting stimulus but learn poorly, or chicks kept in the dark. This brain region has been implicated in several studies as the locus for a number of biochemical modulations that accompany learning. The amount of [14C]leucine incorporated does not seem to be determined by precursor pool availability; it does, however, correlate with a well-validated measure of the extent to which birds have learnt to recognise the characteristics of the stimulus, as shown by a two-choice discrimination test. There is no change in the total content of tubulin dimer as assayed by colchicine binding under these conditions. Additionally, in birds which show evidence of learning, the binding of quinuclidinyl benzilate, an irreversible muscarinic ligand, is altered in both the posterior dorsal forebrain and midbrain regions. None of these effects could be simply the result of visual stimulation. The meaning of these changes is discussed. PMID- 7299391 TI - Effects of variations in glutamic acid decarboxylase activity on acute oxygen poisoning. AB - A study was made to test the influence of rapid variations in glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity on the susceptibility of rats to hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). GAD was inhibited by the convulsant drug unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and reactivated by pyridoxine (PYR) after onset of convulsive activity. There was a relatively long induction period after UDMH injection until the onset of convulsions and the predictable interictal periods between successive periodic convulsions made it possible to study the impact of variations in GAD activity on survival rates, suspectibility to HBO and brain glycogen levels in a time sequence after UDMH administration. The experiments showed that UDMH interferes with aerobic metabolism in brain in such a way that profound alterations in resistance to acute oxygen poisoning resulted. An accumulation of substrate proximal to the enzyme block is assumed to develop during UDMH poisoning. The protective effect against HBO toxicity that was achieved after reactivation of GAD by PYR injection, as well as the rapid re-establishment of glycogen levels, is believed to speak in favour of this hypothesis. PMID- 7299392 TI - Comparison of the binding of [3H]spiperone and [3H]domperidone in homogenates of mammalian retina and caudate nucleus. AB - The specific binding of [3H]spiperone and [3H]domperidone, as defined by 1 microM (+)butaclamol, was compared in homogenates of bovine retina and caudate nucleus. Scatchard analyses of saturation data for [3H]spiperone binding yielded dissociation constants (Kd) of 0.35 nM in the retina and 0.64 nM in the caudate nucleus. Comparison of the maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) present in each tissue indicated that the density of sites in bovine caudate nucleus (270 fmol/mg protein) was approximately three times higher than in bovine retina (92 fmol/mg protein). This difference was even more marked in guinea pig tissues, with a ratio of 7:1 between corpus striatum and retina. The pharmacological analysis of [3H]spiperone binding in both the bovine retina and caudate nucleus indicated an interaction with dopaminergic rather than serotonergic sites. However, inhibition curves obtained to dopaminergic agonists in the bovine retina were significantly steeper than those observed in the bovine caudate nucleus, as reflected in the greater Hill coefficients obtained for these agents in the retina. Furthermore, only a small amount of specific [3H]domperidone binding was observed in either the bovine caudate nucleus or the guinea pig striatum, whilst no specific [3H]domperidone binding was detectable in homogenates of either bovine or guinea pig retina. These data suggest that the retina possesses only a small population of dopaminergic D2 sites and that these binding sites may differ from those present in the caudate nucleus. PMID- 7299390 TI - Specificity of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor regulation by receptor activity. AB - Regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor concentration by receptor activity in neuron-like NG108-15 hybrid cells is a highly specific process. Receptor levels, monitored by binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), decreased 50--75% following 24-h incubation of cells with muscarinic agonists, but none of the following cellular processes was altered by this chronic receptor stimulation: (1) glycolytic energy metabolism, measured by [3H]deoxy-D-glucose ([3H]DG) uptake and retention; (2) rate of cell division; (3) transport, measured by [3H]valine and [3H]uridine uptake; (4) RNA biosynthesis, measured by [3H]uridine incorporation; (5) protein biosynthesis, measured by [3H]valine and [35S]methionine incorporation into total protein and into protein fractions obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast, chronic stimulation did cause a threefold decrease in the capacity of carbachol to stimulate phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, a receptor-mediated response. In addition to cholinomimetics, the neuroeffector adenosine (1 mM for 24 h) also caused a decrease in [3H]QNB binding levels, but chronic stimulation of alpha-adrenergic, opiate, prostaglandin E1, and prostaglandin F2 alpha receptors found on NG108-15 cells caused no changes. The data indicate that loss of muscarinic receptors caused by receptor stimulation is not a consequence of fundamental changes evoked in overall cellular physiology but reflects a specific regulation of cholinoceptive cell responsiveness. PMID- 7299394 TI - Fucose incorporation and identification of fucosylglycoproteins in synaptosomes. AB - A synaptosome-enriched fraction from sheep cortex was incubated with L-fucose. The uptake of the sugar into this preparation was dependent on time, temperature, and concentration. A Kmapp of 0.94 mM-L-fucose and a Vmaxapp value of 0.24 nM-L fucose/mg synaptosomal soluble protein/20 min was determined. After incubation for 10 min at 25 degrees C with L-[3H]fucose, 70% of the radioactive label was found in the soluble fraction. DEAE-cellulose chromatography resulted in the elution of three fucosylprotein peaks which were then characterised by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). At least eleven 3H protein-staining bands were identified with M. W. 13,000- 115,000. Control experiments involving the incubation of the hexose with heat treated synaptosomes and myelin, mitochondria, and microsomes indicted that the tritiated material associated with the synaptosomal soluble fraction was not due to nonspecific binding or to the presence of contaminating subcellular material. A 3H glycopeptide was identified, and on analysis the carbohydrate moiety was found to be rich in sialic acid, fucose, galactose, mannose, and N acetylglucosamine. Mild acid treatment of the glycopeptide released fucose, which implies that this carbohydrate occupies a terminal position in the oligosaccharide chain. From these results it is proposed that synthesis or the modification of soluble fucosylglycoproteins is possible in synaptosomes. PMID- 7299393 TI - Use of [3H]spiperone for labelling dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors in bovine caudate nucleus. AB - [3H]Spiperone binding has been used to study neurotransmitter receptors in bovine caudate nucleus in displacement and saturation binding experiments. Displacement curves for several antagonists are biphasic and can be analysed into contributions from dopaminergic and serotonergic sites. Antagonist binding at each class of sites follows the simple mass action equations for binding at a homogeneous set of sites (slope factors close to unity). Agonist displacement curves also indicate complex behaviour, but agonist binding to the dopaminergic sites alone exhibits heterogeneous properties (slope factors less than unity). Saturation binding experiments have been conducted on each class of site, defining dopaminergic binding of [3H]spiperone as that binding displaced by 0.1 mM-dopamine and serotonergic binding as that displaced by 0.3 microM-mianserin. In each case, a single class of binding sites was detected: the binding parameters derived in this way have been used to calculate the proportions of the two classes of binding site observed in displacement experiments. Good agreement was obtained between calculated and observe values. PMID- 7299395 TI - Compartments of labeled and endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid giving rise to release evoked by potassium or veratridine in rat cortical slices. AB - To establish compartments involved in depolarization-induced release of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in rat brain slices, the amount of exogenous labeled and endogenous GABA released and retained was followed during 48 min exposure to 50 mM-K+ or to 50 microM-veratridine. Endogenous GABA was measured with high performance liquid chromatography. The presence of 10 microM-aminooxyacetic acid throughout prevented both the metabolism of GABA and the formation of endogenous GABA due to depolarization. During superfusion with 50 mM-K+ and 2.6 nM-Ca2+ the efflux of labeled and endogenous GABA after an initial large increase declined to 10% of the highest value with constant and identical rates. Kinetic analysis of efflux showed that 10% of endogenous and 25% of labeled GABA present is available for release by high K+ and Ca2+. In the absence of Ca2+, release by high K+ of both labeled and endogenous GABA was nearly suppressed. Veratridine, unlike high K+, caused an efflux which declined with an initial fast and late very slow phase. The slow efflux by veratridine was doubled in the absence of Ca2+. Exposure to veratridine in the absence of Ca2+ during 120 min released nearly 70% of labeled and endogenous GABA present. Results suggest that only about 0.25 mumol . g-1 endogenous GABA is the source of physiological Ca2+-dependent release, while much of the remaining GABA present is released only under unphysiological conditions. PMID- 7299396 TI - Changes in chromatin structure associated with Alzheimer's disease. AB - The enzyme micrococcal nuclease was used to examine the accessibility of chromatin extracted from brains of 13 patients with senile and presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Compared with chromatin extracted from brains of 8 patients without neurological signs or brain pathology and brains of 7 patients with nonAlzheimer dementia, Alzheimer chromatin was less accessible to this enzyme. Reduced accessibility was reflected by a reduced yield of mononucleosomes in comparison with dinucleosomes and larger oligomers. Both neuronal and glial chromatin were found to be similarly affected. The reduced yield of mononucleosomes from Alzheimer chromatin is not due to their increased breakdown, but is probably related to protein associated with the internucleosomal linker region that retards nuclease action. Dinucleosomes isolated from control and Alzheimer nuclease digests were examined for their protein complement. Three perchloric acid-soluble proteins situated in the histone H1 region of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels were present in elevated levels in Alzheimer dinucleosomes. These results represent the first example of altered chromosomal proteins associated with a diseased state of the brain. PMID- 7299397 TI - Metabolic changes in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum during sustained bicuculline-induced seizures. AB - The objective of the present experiments was to study metabolic correlates to the localization of neuronal lesions during sustained seizures. To that end, status epilepticus was induced by i.v. administration of bicuculline in immobilized and artificially ventilated rats, since this model is known to cause neuronal cell damage in cerebral cortex and hippocampus but not in the cerebellum. After 20 or 120 min of continuous seizure activity, brain tissue was frozen in situ through the skull bone, and samples of cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum were collected for analysis of glycolytic metabolites, phosphocreatine (PCr), ATP, ADP, AMP, and cyclic nucleotides. After 20 min of seizure activity, the two "vulnerable" structures (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) and the "resistant" one (cerebellum) showed similar changes in cerebral metabolic state, characterized by decreased tissue concentrations of PCr, ATP, and glycogen, and increased lactate concentrations and lactate/pyruvate ratios. In all structures, though, the adenylate energy charge remained close to control. At the end of a 2-h period of status epilepticus, a clear deterioration of the energy state was observed in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, but not in the cerebellum. The reduction in adenylate energy charge in the cortex and hippocampus was associated with a seemingly paradoxical decrease in tissue lactate levels and with failure of glycogen resynthesis (cerebral cortex). Experiments with infusion of glucose during the second hour of a 2-h period of status epilepticus verified that the deterioration of tissue energy state was partly due to reduced substrate supply; however, even in animals with adequate tissue glucose concentrations, the energy charge of the two structures was significantly lowered. The cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) behaved differently. Thus, whereas cAMP concentrations were either close to control (hippocampus and cerebellum) or moderately increased (cerebral cortex), the cGMP concentrations remained markedly elevated throughout the seizure period, the largest change being observed in the cerebellum. It is concluded that although the localization of neuronal damage and perturbation of cerebral energy state seem to correlate, the results cannot be taken as evidence that cellular energy failure is the cause of the damage. Thus, it appears equally probable that the pathologically enhanced neuronal activity (and metabolic rate) underlies both the cell damage and the perturbed metabolic state. The observed changes in cyclic nucleotides do not appear to bear a causal relationship to the mechanisms of damage. PMID- 7299398 TI - Some biochemical properties of the rapid adenosine uptake system in rat brain synaptosomes. AB - The rapid uptake of adenosine into rat brain cortical synaptosomes is mediated by a facilitated diffusion process. The carrier mediated uptake is sensitive to pH and temperature. The average Q10 value for the system is approximately 1.77 and the necessary activation energy (Ea) is estimated to be 8870 cal/mol. These values are essentially in agreement with values reported for adenosine uptake carriers of other tissues. Substrate specificity of the uptake system in the CNS demonstrates that nucleotides do not interact with the carrier until they have been hydrolyzed to nucleosides. Structural modification of the purine moiety at the "2" position did not have a profound effect on the ability of the molecule to serve as a substrate for the uptake system. Competitive inhibition by sulfhydryl reagents, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and N-ethylmaleimide on adenosine uptake suggests a direct involvement of sulfhydryl group(s) in the uptake mechanism. Other purines and pyrimidines also inhibit adenosine uptake, suggesting that a variety of nucleosides can interact with a common carrier system. PMID- 7299400 TI - Cadaverine in the rat brain: regional distribution and acylation of [14C]cadaverine in vivo and uptake in vitro. AB - The regional distribution and acylation of intraventricularly injected [14C]cadaverine was studied in the rat brain over a 48-h period. The concentrations of labeled cadaverine and its acyl derivatives, N monoacetylcadaverine and N-monopropionylcadaverine, were determined in the telencephalon, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, cerebellum, and medulla-pons by TLC of their 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl derivatives, followed by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The apparent passage of radioactivity from the ventricular space into brain tissue was slow, with the concentrations reaching a peak at 24 h after injection. The percentage of radioactivity in the acyl forms of cadaverine, however, was maximal 4 h after injection, with the propionyl form predominating. The telencephalon, striatum, and hypothalamus contained the highest concentrations of radioactivity, in all three forms, at all elapsed times. A high-affinity uptake mechanism for cadaverine was demonstrated in slices of these tissues. This process was completely inhibited by equimolar concentrations of unlabeled putrescine. PMID- 7299399 TI - The characterization of tubulin in CNS membrane fractions. AB - Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and a plasma membrane (PM) fraction enriched in synaptic membranes were isolated from rat forebrain. The proteins in these membrane fractions were analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) in the isoelectric range of 5.1 to 6.0 by a modification of the O'Farrell procedure. Proteins were detected by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining of the electrophoretograms. The results of these analyses were compared with 2DGE analysis of cytosol proteins, with particular attention given to tubulin subunits and actin. The RER contained one major protein (53K 5.4) in the beta-tubulin region with a molecular weight of 53,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.4. The SER contained at least two major proteins in the alpha-tubulin region; one with a migration identical to 53K 5.4 and other proteins with slightly higher apparent molecular weights and more acidic isoelectric points (54K, 5.4 to 5.3), identical to cytoplasmic beta-tubulin. The PM fraction also contained multiple overlapping proteins (54K, 5.4 to 5.3) in the beta-tubulin area and a trace amount of the 53K 5.4 protein. The proteins in the beta-tubulin region were removed from the 2DGE electrophoretogram and digested by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and the peptides separated on one-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. The peptide patterns of 53K 5.4 protein from RER and SER were almost identical and differed significantly from the cytoplasmic beta tubulin pattern; however, the peptide maps of the PM and SER beta-tubulin region were identical to the cytoplasmic beta-tubulin. The 2DGE analysis of RER did not contain proteins in the region of cytoplasmic alpha-tubulin. SER and PM contained proteins in the alpha-tubulin region with a similar, but not identical, peptide analysis to cytoplasmic alpha-tubulin. Significant amounts of actin were detected in 2DGE analysis of SER and PM, and the peptide analysis of the actin was identical to the cytoplasmic actin analysis. The RER fraction contained only trace amounts of actin. The cytosol and all membrane fractions contained a protein (68K 5.6) found among microtubule-associated proteins, as judged by molecular weight and isoelectric point. Several proteins present in all membrane fractions (61K 5.1 and 58K 5.1) bound to concanavalin A agarose. PMID- 7299401 TI - Occurrence of two types of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases in the cytosol fraction of the brain. AB - Two types of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases were demonstrated and partially purified from the cytosol fraction of rat brain by DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G 200, and calmodulin-affinity column chromatography, using endogenous proteins and chicken gizzard myosin light chains as substrates. The molecular weights of the enzymes were 88,000 (peak I) and 120,000 (peak II) on gel filtration. Peak I had no affinity for calmodulin, whereas peak II had a high affinity for it, with a Ka value of 16.7 nM. The Ka values of peaks I and II for Ca2+ were 2.4 and 1.6 microM, respectively. PMID- 7299402 TI - Some properties of an astrocytic protein fraction that binds serotonin. AB - A protein fraction that binds serotonin was obtained from astrocytes in primary cultures. It was found to differ in some of its physical, chemical, and pharmacological properties from neuronal serotonin binding protein. PMID- 7299403 TI - The extraneural distribution of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. AB - gamma-Hydroxybutyrate has been found to be widely distributed in both neural and extraneural tissues in the rat. The kidney and brown fat have more than 10 times higher concentrations of gamma-hydroxybutyrate than does the brain. This observation suggests that gamma-hydroxybutyrate may participate in the metabolism of many organs, and that GABA may not be the precursor in extraneural tissues. PMID- 7299404 TI - A prospective study of the accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in detecting carotid artery disease. AB - Results are presented from a two year prospective study using a Doppler ultrasound technique for the detection of carotid disease. The patients studied presented with transient cerebral ischaemic attacks or small strokes in the carotid territory. No other form of patient selection was used. Results were compared with those from carotid and arch aortography. 86% of normal vessels and 78% of diseases vessels were correctly classified. It is concluded that this technique offers a safe and accurate screening procedure for the management of patients presenting with transient cerebral ischaemia or small strokes. PMID- 7299405 TI - Comparison of angiography with continuous wave Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of extracranial arterial disease. AB - Extracranial arterial disease was assessed using non-invasive continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. The results of the Doppler study were compared with those of angiography. There was a positive correlation between the results of angiography and the shape of the Doppler waveform, but the correlation was improved by adding a compression manceuvre to the procedure. PMID- 7299406 TI - Post-encephalitic Parkinsonism: current experience. AB - The diagnosis of post-encephalitic Parkinsonism is rarely entertained today. In this paper we discuss eight recent patients, six of whom presented in the last 20 years, that conform to the diagnosis of encephalitis lethargica. The clinical features by which the diagnosis may be made are defined so that a contemporary definition of this disorder may be attained. PMID- 7299407 TI - Abnormal force--EMG relations in paretic limbs of hemiparetic human subjects. AB - The relations between surface EMG and isometric force generated by elbow flexor muscles were compared in normal and paretic limbs of 17 hemiparetic human subjects. Similar analyses were performed on both arms of 11 normal subjects. In almost half of the hemiparetic subjects examined (8/17), the slope of the relation between elbow flexion force and surface EMG, measured over the biceps brachialis and brachioradialis muscle groups was increased in the paretic limb. A mechanism based on anomalous reductions in mean motor unit discharge rate in paretic muscles is advanced as the most likely cause of the findings. PMID- 7299408 TI - Cutaneous nerve stimulation and motoneuronal excitability: I, soleus and tibialis anterior excitability after ipsilateral and contralateral sural nerve stimulation. AB - Modification of soleus and anterior tibial anterior horn cell excitability following ipsilateral and contralateral stimulations of the sural nerve was studied by either the H reflex (for the soleus and anterior tibial muscles) or the F response (for the anterior tibial muscles). Several intensities of stimulation were employed. In every instance the recovery curves showed two distinct peaks of facilitation, which appeared with the same delay in muscles with antagonist functions. Also, reciprocal facilitation and inhibition phenomena which occurred after a 25 ms delay and which lasted more than 1000 ms were observed. The intervention of suprasegmentary neuronal mechanisms is proposed to explain the facilitation peaks, while the longer lasting phenomena are probably dependent on spinal processes. PMID- 7299409 TI - Conducted and segmental components of the somatosensory cervical response. AB - Cervical responses evoked by stimulation of the median nerve have been concurrently recorded from C7--Fz and C7--Sn (suprasternal notch). The existence of two different waveforms (RI and RII) has been confirmed. RI (from C7--Fz) consists of four negative peaks (N9, N11, N13, N14) followed by a large positive deflection (P16). RII (from C7--Sn) is characterised by an early positive- negative spike (P1--N1a) followed by a slow negative--positive wave (N1b--P2). The study of the most relevant parameters (polarity, latency and refractory period) of each component of RI and RII did not indicate whether the generators underlying RI differ from those responsible for RII. However, stimulation of the lower limb, which does not involve segmental events at cervical level, showed a clearcut difference: no response was recorded from C7--Sn, while evoked activity equivalent to RI was obtained from C7--Fz. Therefore it is suggested that RII is entirely generated by segmentally evoked potentials while RI is mainly due to conducted potentials. PMID- 7299410 TI - Spinal trauma: pharmacological evidence for vasoconstrictor activity in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid from six cases of acute spinal trauma collected 0--6 days after injury was examined for vasoconstrictor activity using both human isolated cerebral arteries and animal tissues. The cerebrospinal fluid of four out of six patients was vasoactive. The identities of the vasoconstrictor substances were not established, but experiments with pharmacological antagonists showed that arterial contractions were not due to serotonin, histamine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine or angiotensin II, substances which are known potent spastic agents on cerebral arteries. Our findings would explain by the mechanism of arterial spasm, principally in the anterior spinal artery, the neuropathological appearance of central haemorrhagic necrosis in spinal cord injury. The infarction of the core of the spinal cord could be caused by vasoconstrictor substances, reported here, in the cerebrospinal fluid after spinal injury. If the identities of the substances could be established, drug therapy to prevent or relieve the spasm would be possible. PMID- 7299411 TI - An extrapyramidal choreiform syndrome caused by amphetamine addiction. AB - Four cases are described to demonstrate the extrapyramidal clinical syndrome sometimes appearing in chronic amphetamine users. The symptoms are dominated by choreiform or athetoid movements, ataxia and disturbances of gait. The syndrome develops during amphetamine abuse and may be observed also during abstinence. The symptoms usually disappear within a week when the drug is discontinued, but may remain for years. PMID- 7299412 TI - Dysphasia during sleep due to an unusual vascular lesion. PMID- 7299413 TI - Familial multicore disease with focal loss of cross-striations and ophthalmoplegia. AB - Two brother are described with a congenital myopathy, including weakness of the external ocular muscles, whose biopsies showed multicores and focal loss of cross striations, with failure of fibre type differentiation. In one patient changes in distribution and size of these core-like structures were observed in a second biopsy taken 5 years later. This family, together with others previously reported, may represent a genetically distinct subgroup of congenital multicore disease. PMID- 7299414 TI - The seasonal variation in mortality from cerebrovascular disease. AB - The frequency distribution of deaths from cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales in 1975 by month of occurrence is described. The distribution is compared with that for related diseases, in particular ischaemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, pneumonia and bronchitis. The principal feature in all these diseases is high mortality in winter and spring and low mortality in late summer, but the range of variation is wider for pneumonia and bronchitis. The seasonal distribution of cerebrovascular disease death is similar in both sexes, all ages at death and for deaths at home and deaths in a hospital or institution. For both sexes the proportion of cerebrovascular disease deaths occurring at home increases significantly with age at death. Four hypotheses are examined to explain this characteristic seasonal mortality pattern, which is related inversely to ambient temperature, and similar to the seasonal pattern of the incidence and prevalence of cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7299415 TI - The treatment of chronic relapsing and chronic progressive idiopathic inflammatory polyneuropathy by plasma exchange. AB - Observations are reported on the effects of plasma exchange on three patients with chronic relapsing idiopathic inflammatory polyneuropathy and three with the chronic progressive form of this disorder. Substantial temporary improvement occurred in two of the chronic relapsing cases in relation to repeated plasma exchanges, but only slight improvement in the remainder. A striking feature was the rapidity of the effect in the patients that improved. The significance of these observations in relation to pathogenesis and to clinical management of the disorder is discussed. PMID- 7299416 TI - Visuo-limbic interactions. Evidence for a pathway from the pulvinar to the cingulate cortex. AB - Synaptic-terminal degeneration was analyzed in 18 specimens of Octodon degus after stereotaxic lesions in the pulvinar nucleus. Aside from the cortical targets of the pulvinar (Kuljis et al. 1979), a conspicuous projection towards the nucleus lateralis dorsalis of the thalamus (LD) was observed. The LD is known to receive fibers from the fornix (Valenstein and Nauta 1959), and to project heavily over the cingulate cortex (Locke et al. 1964; Ajmone Marsan 1965; Graybiel 1974); we have confirmed the latter projection in 3 operated specimens of Octodon degus. The possibility is discussed, in the light of these findings, that the pulvino-LD pathway may be important for the purposes of visuo-limbic interactions. PMID- 7299417 TI - Influence of vertical posture development on the velocity properties of triceps surae muscle in normal children. AB - Contraction time and half-relaxation time of triceps surae muscle were studied in 9 normal children immediately after they began to stand alone and again 6 weeks later. The velocity properties of the muscle were recorded during isometric twitch induced by supramaximal indirect stimulation. The development of the vertical posture at the end of the first year was found to be associated with prolongation of the contraction time, reaching values observed in 3-year-old children and adults. During the same period the half-relaxation time did not change. Data are reported to show that the influence of the vertical posture on the contraction time is due to changes in the contractile properties of the muscle. It is assumed that the velocity properties of triceps surae are influenced by the long-term activation of the muscle in supporting the vertical posture. PMID- 7299418 TI - Neuroanatomical correlates of selective downgaze paralysis. AB - A 56-year-old woman had the sudden onset of a selective paralysis of downgaze associated with a partial third nerve paralysis on the right. On numerous examinations over the ensuing 3 and 3/4 years, these deficits were observed to persist. At autopsy, bilateral somewhat asymmetrical cavitated lesions were seen in the region of the thalamo-mesencephalic junction. Because this patient's selective downgaze paralysis was permanent, it is concluded that the supranuclear neural elements mediating downgaze are situated within the confines of these lesions. A consideration of the present case together with previous reports of selective vertical gaze paralysis permits the relevant region to be further localized to an area extending from the oculomotor nucleus to the rostral pole of the red nucleus and immediately dorsomedial to the latter. This is likely to be the location of the human analogue of the monkey "nucleus of the prerubral fields", a supranuclear structure which is thought to mediate vertical gaze and especially downgaze. PMID- 7299419 TI - Endoneurial fluid pressure in experimental models of diabetic neuropathy. AB - The sorbitol pathway has been suggested as a biochemical mechanism for peripheral neuropathy in diabetes, due to accumulation of osmotically active polyols which cause endoneurial edema. The purpose of this study was to compare endoneurial fluid pressure (EFP) in the peripheral nerves of rats in three experimental models: streptozotocin diabetes, galactose neuropathy, and sucrose intoxication. Endoneurial fluid pressure was measured in 27 diabetic rats at intervals of 4 to 51 weeks after inoculation with streptozotocin and in ten control rats. Elevated fluid pressure was observed in only two diabetic animals, and there was no significant difference in mean EFP between test animals and controls. By contrast, elevated EFP was found in 9 of 11 rats who received a 68% sucrose diet for 48-51 weeks. The mean EFP in these animals was approximately twice normal, and sucrose intoxication thus appears to be a more effective model than streptozotocin diabetes for nerve edema associated with the sorbitol pathway. PMID- 7299420 TI - Syringoencephalomyelia (syringocephalus). AB - This is the fourth recorded patient with extension of syringomyelia into the brain rostral to the mesencephalon verified at autopsy. A syrinx was demonstrated from the low thoracic segments of the spinal cord to the cervico-medullary junction, where a fibrovascular malformation and dural-arachnoid adhesions deformed the pyramids. Cavities in the spinal cord were continuous, with rostral glial-lined cavities in both corticospinal tracts through a system of sponge-like tubes. The rostral extent of these cavities on the right was the centrum semi ovale above the neostriatum; on the left, the cavities extended to the diencephalon. A classical lateral-dorsal syringobulbia in the right medulla accompanied the syringoencephalomyelia (syringocephalus). PMID- 7299421 TI - Tangled masses of regenerated central nerve fibers (non-myelinated central neuromas) in the central nervous system. AB - Tangled masses arising from central nerve fibers and resembling non-myelinated neuromas (central neuromas) are described in five patients. The masses occurred together with neuromas of peripheral nerve fibers (peripheral neuromas) in the midbrain, associated with a cystic infarct in one patient and in the spinal cord with old traumatic injury in two other patients. In the remaining two patients, central neuromas occurred alone in the pons or midbrain, associated with a small old infarct in the former and perivenous encephalomyelitis in the latter. Central neuromas are distinct from the myelinated or unmyelinated peripheral neuromas, for they not only lack myelin sheaths. Schwann cells, and reticulum fibers, but also are unrelated to blood vessels. The observation of central neuromas, hitherto unrecognized, indicates that certain central axons, particularly those in the brain stem and spinal cord, have sufficient capacity to regenerate, much as peripheral nerve fibers. PMID- 7299422 TI - Permanent axotomy by amputation results in loss of motor neurons in man. AB - Morphometric assessment of the size distribution of cell bodies (cytons) in motor neuron columns from serial sections of lumbar spinal segments reproducibly yields three peaks. Using troughs between peaks as division points, it is possible to determine the number of large (Cl), intermediate (Ci), and small (Cs) cytons per lumbar segment. In a patient with above-knee amputation 4 1/2 years previously, the number of Cl was 42%, Ci 99%, and Cs 129% that of normal. Nine years after total amputation of a lower limb for chondrosarcoma, a second patient exhibited values of 25%, 14%, and 55%, respectively. Normal results were obtained from the non-amputated sides. These results, and our previous studies on the permanent axotomy model, show that loss of target tissue by axotomy leads to atrophy and then loss of motor neurons. Extrapolated to the interpretation of morphologic abnormalities of proximal neuronal alterations in peripheral neuropathy, these results suggest that atrophy and loss of such proximal elements cannot be explained by acute distal pathology, but could be the result of chronic disorders, particularly when severe. PMID- 7299423 TI - Morphometric comparison of the vulnerability of peripheral motor and sensory neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - The diameter histograms of cell bodies (cytons) in motor neuron columns at the L5 segment of the spinal cord of adult man reproducibly yield three peaks of increasing height: small (Cs), intermediate (Ci), and large (Cl). Histograms of L5 myelinated axons obtained from the ventral root have two peaks of increasing height: intermediate (Ai) and large (Al). In histograms prepared from seven cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the Cl and Al peaks were decreased selectively and severely. This provides evidence for alpha, but not gamma, motor neuron vulnerability. The Cl peak of spinal ganglion neurons and the Al peak of dorsal roots were significantly reduced in number, without a concomitant increase in Ci, Cs, and Ai peaks. This, plus earlier reports of abnormal cutaneous sensation thresholds, abnormal rates of fiber degeneration in cutaneous nerves, and dorsal column demyelination, provides evidence that large afferent neurons are affected in ALS, but to a lesser degree than alpha motor neurons. PMID- 7299424 TI - Autopsy: attitudes and techniques. PMID- 7299425 TI - Role of cat pontine burst neurons in generation of saccadic eye movements. PMID- 7299426 TI - Neuronal activity in medullary dorsal horn of awake monkeys trained in a thermal discrimination task. I. Responses to innocuous and noxious thermal stimuli. PMID- 7299427 TI - Neuronal activity in medullary dorsal horn of awake monkeys trained in a thermal discrimination task. II. Behavioral modulation of responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli. PMID- 7299428 TI - Neuronal activity in medullary dorsal horn of awake monkeys trained in a thermal discrimination task. III. Task-related responses and their functional role. PMID- 7299429 TI - Response patterns to tone bursts in peripheral auditory system of anurans. PMID- 7299430 TI - Psychophysical measurements of perceived intensity of single-point and multiple point cutaneous stimuli in humans and subhuman primates. PMID- 7299431 TI - Observations on neuronal pathways subserving primary afferent depolarization. PMID- 7299433 TI - Vertical eye movement-related responses of neurons in midbrain near intestinal nucleus of Cajal. PMID- 7299432 TI - Mechanisms involved in presynaptic depolarization of group I and rubrospinal fibers in cat spinal cord. PMID- 7299434 TI - Effects of moderately intense sound on auditory sensitivity in rhesus monkeys: behavioral and neural observations. PMID- 7299435 TI - Columnar organization of color cells in monkey's striate cortex. PMID- 7299436 TI - Specialized characteristics of single units in inferior colliculus of mustache bat: frequency representation, tuning, and discharge patterns. PMID- 7299438 TI - GABAergic mechanisms of dendrodendritic synapses in isolated turtle olfactory bulb. PMID- 7299439 TI - Blockade of synaptic inhibition reveals long-lasting synaptic excitation in isolated turtle olfactory bulb. PMID- 7299437 TI - Visual topography of striate projection zone (MT) in posterior superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. PMID- 7299440 TI - Ocular and extraocular responses of identifiable neurons in pedal ganglia of Hermissenda crassicornis. PMID- 7299441 TI - Retinotopic organization of macaque pulvinar. PMID- 7299442 TI - Input-output relationships in cat's motor cortex after pyramidal section. PMID- 7299443 TI - Activity of flocculus Purkinje cells during passive eye movements. PMID- 7299444 TI - Anatomical and physiological characteristics of pineal photoreceptor cell in the larval lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. PMID- 7299445 TI - Associative response changes in lateral midbrain tegmentum and medial geniculate during differential appetitive conditioning. PMID- 7299446 TI - Factors governing release of methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity from mesencephalon and spinal cord of the cat in vivo. PMID- 7299447 TI - Membrane resistance and rheobase of hindlimb motoneurons during wakefulness and sleep. PMID- 7299448 TI - Group I excitatory and inhibitory potentials in hindlimb motoneurons during wakefulness and sleep. PMID- 7299449 TI - Response properties of single cells in monkey striate cortex during reversible inactivation of individual lateral geniculate laminae. PMID- 7299450 TI - Visual and pursuit eye movement-related activity in posterior vermis of monkey cerebellum. PMID- 7299451 TI - An analysis of ascending brain stem systems involved in hippocampal synchronization and desynchronization. PMID- 7299452 TI - Binocular interaction on monocularly discharged lateral geniculate and striate neurons in the cat. PMID- 7299453 TI - Synaptic efficacy and EPSP summation in granule cells of rat fascia dentata studied in vitro. PMID- 7299454 TI - Neural control of a molluscan blood vessel, anterior aorta of aplysia. PMID- 7299455 TI - role of primary visual cortex in canine postural control. PMID- 7299457 TI - Burr-hole ring-cap and electrode anchoring device. Technical note. AB - A new burr-hole ring and cap are described. The threaded ring is C-shaped, holding itself in the burr hole by elastic recoil. A ventricular catheter or deep brain electrode may be passed through the slotted ring and anchored in place by means of a mushroom-shaped silicone rubber cap. The cap fills, sealing the plug. This simple two-part device, originally designed for use with a deep brain stimulator system, may also be used as a standard 5/8-inch. (16 mm) burr-hole plug. PMID- 7299456 TI - Cranial chondromyxoid fibroma. Case report. AB - A case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the frontal bone in a 15-year-old girl is presented. This is a benign tumor, but should be excised widely enough to include a rim of normal bone, otherwise it may recur or even undergo malignant transformation. PMID- 7299458 TI - Primary intracranial liposarcomas. PMID- 7299459 TI - Treatment of chronic subdural hematomas. PMID- 7299460 TI - Modification of DREZ lesion technique. PMID- 7299461 TI - Effects of profound hypotension on cerebral blood flow during surgery for intracranial aneurysms. AB - The progression of changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurological status were measured in 12 patients in whom profound hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure (MABP): 30 to 40 mm Hg) was used during intracranial aneurysm surgery. Nine patients (Group I) showed autoregulation of CBF to an MABP of 40 to 50 mm Hg during surgery. None of these patients had arterial spasm preoperatively. Postoperatively, mild flow disturbances were noted at the site of retraction. Three Group I patients developed arterial spasm postoperatively, but there was no associated neurological deterioration. The remaining three patients (Group II) had impaired autoregulation during surgery, and CBF decreased by 35% to 65% at an MABP of 50 mm Hg. Two of these patients had angiography immediately before surgery, and both showed moderate to severe arterial spasm. Relatively severe flow disturbances were noted postoperatively at the site of retraction, and two patients developed ischemic deficits of late onset. Brain retractor pressure and the degree and duration of hypotension were equivalent in the two patient groups. There was no correlation between intraoperative reductions in CBF (to as low as 20 ml/100 gm/min in the unretracted hemisphere) and immediate postoperative neurological deficits. The use of halothane and mannitol and the relatively short duration of the flow reductions were suggested as factors contributing to the protection from ischemia that was observed. Arterial spasm was found to produce hemodynamic instability and reduced CBF, although neurological status was unaffected in the majority of patients. Patients with impaired autoregulation during surgery were at increased risk of delayed ischemic complications postoperatively, and showed characteristic flow disturbances at all three stages of their clinical course. PMID- 7299462 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebrovascular spasm. Morphological study of intracranial arteries based on animal experiments and human autopsies. AB - Artificial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) produced by injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna in dogs gave rise to considerable narrowing or spasm of the basilar artery and its branches, including the posterior cerebral arteries, as demonstrated by cerebral angiography. Repeated cisternal injections of blood at various intervals produced more severe spasm than a single injection. After perfusion-fixation of the brain, the cerebral arteries were examined by light and electron microscopy. None of the animals showed abnormalities in the intima or media of the vessel walls. Previously reported findings of morphological changes due to spasm could not be confirmed. Postmortem examination of brain vessels from nine patients with SAH and arterial spasm showed no specific changes that could be ascribed to spasm. PMID- 7299463 TI - Pineal tumors in children and adolescents. Treatment by CSF shunting and radiotherapy. AB - Tumors of the pineal region account for 3% to 8% of pediatric intracranial tumors. The treatment of such tumors has been in a state of flux between conservative therapy (cerebrospinal fluid shunting and radiotherapy) and direct surgical removal. A brief history and review of the literature with analysis of both approaches is given, and the Mayo Clinic's experience with conservative treatment of tumors in the pineal region in patients 20 years old and younger (27 cases) is studied and analyzed. The series comprises 21 boys and six girls, with an age range of 1 to 20 years (mean 13.7 years). Follow-up examinations are complete and range from 1 to 24 years, with a mean follow-up period of 7.8 years. The median survival time for these patients treated with shunt and radiotherapy is 17.7 years. There was no mortality from treatment and complications were rare. The details of the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, pathology, therapy, recurrence, and survival are presented. All patients under 6 years of age (six cases) had recurrences, 50% in other areas in the brain and 50% in the spinal cord, perhaps pointing to the need for whole-brain and spinal-axis irradiation in patients in this age group. The results of this study of the conservative approach form a standard against which results of any other type of therapy may be compared. PMID- 7299464 TI - Neurons in human epileptic cortex. Response to direct cortical stimulation. AB - During craniotomy for surgical treatment of medically intractable epilepsy, single neurons were recorded from the lateral temporal cortex of 11 awake patients. A total of 83 neurons were recorded, and their response to repetitive direct cortical stimulation with ascending and descending frequency ramps between 1 to 10 Hz was evaluated. More normal units from the suspected epileptogenic cortex responded to repetitive stimulation at frequencies between 5 to 20 Hz with augmented action potential bursts than did units from cortex thought not to be primarily epileptogenic. This burst response might persist for up to 30 seconds after the frequency ramp had descended from 10 to 1 Hz. Except in two cases, this augmentation of burst response was not accompanied by afterdischarge on electroencephalography. These data would indicate that neurons within the region of suspected epileptogenic cortex demonstrate a greater propensity for afterdischarge to repetitive stimuli than do neurons in more normal cortex. PMID- 7299465 TI - Relationship between visual evoked potentials and intracranial pressure. AB - The relationship between intracranial pressure (ICP) and latency of visual evoked potentials (VEP) was investigated in hydrocephalic patients with severe head trauma. A positive correlation of increase in latency of wave N2 (normal latency 71 +/- 9.2 msec) of the VEP with elevations in ICP was observed. A potential role for VEP in both the assessment of shunt function and the monitoring of patients with severe head injury is suggested by these findings. PMID- 7299466 TI - Regional blood flow and capillary permeability in the ethylnitrosourea-induced rat glioma. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow and capillary permeability of rat brains bearing ethylnitrosourea-induced gliomas of various size were investigated with 14C antipyrine autoradiography and Evans blue staining. In the small tumors (less than 2 mm in diameter), blood flow was uniformly reduced when compared to the adjacent brain. Even in tiny tumors (0.3 to 0.4 mm in diameter), reduction in blood flow was evident. In the medium (2 to 4 mm in diameter) and large (greater than 4 mm in diameter) tumors, the blood flow increased or decreased depending on the part of the tumor examined. The necrotic center and peripheral edge had low blood flows, whereas the viable portion adjacent to the necrotic center had high blood flows. Blood flow in the brain tissue adjacent to medium and large tumors was lower than control brain tissue, probably due to local edema. Leakage of intravenous Evans blue in the tissue was only evident in the large tumors with central necrosis. The present findings suggest that neovascularization of the tumor may occur when the tumor reaches a certain size, and leaky new vessels may be the cause of brain edema associated with tumor. PMID- 7299467 TI - Malignant meningioma: clinical and pathological features. AB - The records of 15 patients with a diagnosis of malignant meningioma were reviewed. In one of these patients, in whom invasion of the brain and pituitary gland was the only unusual feature, the tumor was reclassified as benign. Seven tumors, four hemangiopericytomas and two transitional and one syncytial meningioma, were considered to be only borderline-malignant despite necrosis and invasion of the brain, because of few mitoses and regular architecture. Of this group of patients, four men and three women, two are alive and well, three died after incomplete resections, and two succumbed to recurrent tumor that had become inoperable. The other seven patients, six men and one woman, had lesions classified as histologically frankly malignant, on the basis of marked anaplasia and numerous mitoses. These comprised three hemangiopericytomas and three syncytial and one fibrous meningioma. One of these patients is alive and well and the others are dead, three a a result of metastases. The initial clinical course of malignant meningiomas tends to be short but is otherwise indistinguishable from that of benign meningiomas. The chances of recurrence and eventual death are high, and extracranial metastases are not rare. The tumors are most often hemangiopericytomas, but not exclusively so, and men are particularly at risk. PMID- 7299468 TI - Hyponatremia in intracranial disease: perhaps not the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). AB - Patients with intracranial disorders are prone to develop hyponatremia with inability to prevent the loss of sodium in their urine. This was originally referred to as "cerebral salt wasting," but more recently is thought to be secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Blood volume determinations were made in 12 unselected neurosurgical patients with intracranial disease who fulfilled the laboratory criteria for SIADH. Ten of the 12 patients had significant decreases in their red blood cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume. The finding of a decreased blood volume in patients who fulfill the laboratory criteria for SIADH is better explained by the original concepts of cerebral salt wasting than by SIADH. The primary defect may be the inability of the kidney to conserve sodium. PMID- 7299469 TI - Intracranial ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma. AB - Patients with adenocarcinoma of the ceruminous gland arising in the middle ear have a typical syndrome consisting of unilateral hearing loss, otalgia, facial paresis, and a middle-ear mass. Adjacent cranial nerves also may be affected. Some patients may have an ipsilateral cerebellar ataxia if the lesion extends into the cerebellopontine angle and compresses the cerebellar hemisphere. Obstructive hydrocephalus may occur secondary to obstruction of the aqueduct or fourth ventricle. The initial clinical findings may be those of a jugular foramen syndrome. These lesions are usually slow-growing and may be associated with a very prolonged clinical course. Although the tumors are rare, the physician should be aware of their existence if proper care is to be given. PMID- 7299470 TI - Evidence for orbital deformation that may contribute to monocular blindness following minor frontal head trauma. AB - Traction injury to the optic nerve and vasa nervorum is the suggested etiology for monocular blindness following trivial frontal trauma. Holographic interferometry was used on human skulls to demonstrate orbital deformation in response to nondestructive frontal loading. The findings suggest an additional mechanism for energy dissipation and therefore for optic nerve injury following frontal impact. PMID- 7299471 TI - Transpositions and anastomoses between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases are reported in which anastomotic procedures between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries were useful for the management of occlusive and aneurysmal disease of the posterior circulation. Operative procedures such as these may play a role in the future management of vascular problems in this system. PMID- 7299472 TI - The association of intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformation of the brain. Case report. AB - A case of intracranial multiple aneurysms associated with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is described. Three aneurysms were found arising from an enlarged anterior cerebral artery feeding an AVM. In spite of the fact that two of these aneurysms received no surgical treatment, they disappeared almost completely several months after excision of the AVM. Seventy-three previously reported cases of cerebral aneurysms associated with AVM's are reviewed, and the effect of hemodynamic stresses on the development of these aneurysms is summarized. PMID- 7299474 TI - Delayed myelopathy secondary to retained intraspinal metallic fragment. Case report. AB - The authors present a case of delayed myelopathy arising 8 years after a stab wound to the thoracic spine, with intradural retention of the knife tip. Following removal of the knife tip, the patient had a good recovery. A review of the literature documents eight additional cases of delayed myelopathy secondary to retained fragments from spinal stab wounds. PMID- 7299473 TI - Tentorial arteriovenous malformation presenting as an intracerebral hematoma. Case report. AB - A case of tentorial arteriovenous aneurysm is reported in a 54-year-old man. This malformation, fed by branches of the external carotid artery, was drained exclusively by a parieto-occipital cortical vein. The rupture of this vein was responsible for the presenting intracerebral hematoma. PMID- 7299475 TI - Spinal cord herniation into a congenital extradural arachnoid cyst causing Brown Sequard syndrome. Case report. AB - This is a report of a patient who developed sharp intercostal pain and Brown Sequard syndrome. Displacement of the spinal cord toward an extradural mass was noted at the T4-5 vertebral level on iophendylate myelography and metrizamide computerized tomography myelography. Multiple meningeal diverticular lesions of congenital origin were also found. Surgical correction of the spinal cord, which had herniated into a laterally located extradural arachnoid cyst and become incarcerated, resulted in a complete neurological recovery. PMID- 7299476 TI - Isolated hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve associated with trigeminal neuralgia. Case report of an entity not previously described. AB - Hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy (HIN) of the trigeminal nerve was observed in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia who had no other neurological abnormalities. Pathological documentation confirmed focal HIN. No similar histologically documented case of isolated trigeminal nerve involvement by HIN has been reported previously. PMID- 7299477 TI - Traumatic exophthalmos due to an uncommon arteriovenous fistula without involvement of the cavernous sinus. Case report. AB - A case of traumatic exophthalmos due to an arteriovenous fistula between the middle meningeal artery and the veins at the base of the skull is reported. There was no involvement of the cavernous sinus. Embolization following selective transfemoral catheterization of the external carotid artery resulted in complete relief of the symptoms. PMID- 7299478 TI - Paradoxical cerebral air embolism without an intracardiac septal defect. Case report. AB - Cerebral air embolism occurred in a patient undergoing trigeminal rhizotomy in the sitting position. During the acute episode, a murmur was detected by the Doppler probe and foam was aspirated from the central venous catheter. The patient did not regain consciousness postoperatively, and computerized tomography demonstrated diffuse cerebral infarction. Subsequently, the patient died, and neuropathological examination revealed multifocal discrete infarcts in the gray and white matter with normal intervening brain. No intracardiac septal defects were present. This is the first fully documented case of cerebral air embolism of venous origin in the absence of intracardiac septal defects, and reemphasizes the hazards of operative procedures in the sitting position. PMID- 7299479 TI - Re: radiochemical purity of Tc-99m oxidronate. PMID- 7299481 TI - Compartmental analysis of the steady-state distribution of 15O2 and H215O in total body. AB - It has been suggested that regional oxygen metabolism may be measured quantitatively by analysis of the steady-state distribution of O-15 (T1/2 = 122 sec). For this analysis we have developed a compartmental model that incorporates corrections due to clearance and recirculation of water of metabolism. The oxygen utilization rate is simply proportional to the local O-15 activity if water of metabolism is not recirculated from other tissues and is not lost to the circulation for a time long compared with the half-life of O-15. We evaluated the magnitude of biological metabolic water loss and uptake in the steady state. Our analysis indicates that the magnitude of these effects for rapidly exchanging tissues (such as cerebral gray and white matter), may preclude a simple, noninvasive, and quantitative determination of regional oxygen metabolism. Slowly exchanging compartments, however (such as skeletal muscle and perhaps some tumors), appear amenable to correction for clearance and recirculation effects with sufficient accuracy to make determinations of regional oxygen metabolism feasible. PMID- 7299480 TI - Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, as inferred from lung areas in gated blood pool scintigrams: concise communication. AB - To determine whether the apex-to-base distribution of pulmonary blood volume, as obtained from gated cardiac blood-pool scans, could be used as a noninvasive method to estimate mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), gated blood pool scans were analyzed in 77 patients who also had PCWP measurements at cardiac catheterization. Ten of these patients had gated cardiac blood-pool scans and PCWP measurements both at rest and during exercise. The apex-to-base distribution of pulmonary blood volume was determined from the end-systolic frame of the left anterior oblique view by placing equal-sized regions of interest over the apex and base of the right lung. The ratio of apex counts over base counts (A/B ratio) was considered abnormal if greater than unity. The mean A/B ratio was 1.15 +/- 0.27 (1 s.d.) for the 32 studies associated with an abnormal mean PCWP (greater than 12 mm Hg). The mean A/B ratio was 0.85 +/- 0.23 for the 55 studies associated with a normal mean PCWP (p less than 0.01 comparing normal group with abnormal). The sensitivity of the A/B ratio for a mean PCWP greater than 12 mm Hg was 81%R (26/32). The specificity of the A/B ratio for a mean PCWP greater than or equal to 12 mm Hg was 89% (49/55). Thus, noninvasive determination of the pulmonary apex-to-base ratio from gated cardiac blood-pool scans appears to differentiate subjects with normal and abnormal mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. PMID- 7299482 TI - The effect of age on blood flow in the proximal femur in man. AB - blood flow in the proximal femur was measured in 45 healthy male and female adults by means of a Xe-133 washout method. On the basis of a two-compartment exponential model, blood flow was calculated assuming that the compartments were hematopoietic (red) marrow and nonhematopoietic tissues of bone. Between the ages of 20 and 55 the bone perfusion was 8.3 +/- 1.4 (1 s.d.) ml/100 g/min, decreasing thereafter in older patients. During the same period the red-marrow blood flow (RMBF) decreased linearly: RMBF (ml/100 g/min) = -0.14 x age + 24.5. The nonhematopoietic bone perfusion changed like the bone perfusion. The fractional masses of red marrow and nonhematopoietic tissues of bone in the greater trochanteric region of the femur were determined morphometrically from the bone biopsies of seven adult cadavers. They agreed with the values estimated by the Xe 133 washout method. The blood-flow values will be used as reference values for the Xe-133 bone circulation method. PMID- 7299483 TI - Ventilation-perfusion imaging in pulmonary papillomatosis. AB - Three children with laryngeal papillomas involving the lungs had serial ventilation-perfusion scintigrams to assess results of therapy designed to reduce the bronchial involvement. Different imaging patterns were observed depending on size, number, and location of lesions. In early parenchymal involvement a ventilation-perfusion mismatch was seen. The initial and follow-up studies correlated well with clinical and radiographic findings. This noninvasive procedure is helpful in evaluating ventilatory and perfusion impairment in these patients as well as their response to treatment. PMID- 7299484 TI - Indium-111 tropolone, a new high-affinity platelet label: preparation and evaluation of labeling parameters. AB - Platelets were isolated with a new neutral, lipid-soluble metal complex of indium 111 and tropolone. Unlike oxine, which must be dissolved in ethyl alcohol, tropolone is soluble saline. Platelet labeling with In-111 tropolone can be performed in both acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD)-plasma and ACD-saline media within two hours' time. Labeling efficiency has been 80-90% in ACD-saline and 60-70% in the ACD-plasma medium. Optimum concentrations for the labeling of platelets with In-111 tropolone were 5 micrograms/ml in ACD-saline and 10 micrograms/ml in ACD plasma, using a 15-min incubation at room temperature. A kit formulation for convenient routine preparation of In-111-labeled platelets has been developed. Seven parameters of platelet labeling were studied: concentration of tropolone, citrate, plasma proteins, and calcium ions; also platelet density, temperature, and pH of incubation medium. Their effects on the mechanism of platelet labeling with lipid-soluble tracers are discussed. PMID- 7299485 TI - Effects of chain length and tellurium position on the myocardial uptake of Te 123m fatty acids. AB - A series of Te-123m-labeled fatty acids has been synthesized and studied in rats. In the series of compounds studied, the position of the Te-123m heteroatom was not as important as the total chain length, which dramatically affected the heart uptake. Five minutes after injection, significant heart uptake (1.7-2.3% of injected dose) was observed for agents with C15, C17, and C21 chain lengths, in which Te-123m replaced a methylene group in either the 6, 9, 11, or 17 positions, and the heart-to-blood ratios were high. An important observation was the prolonged retention of radioactivity for at least one hour after injection. In contrast, agents with shorter C13 chain lengths, with Te-123m in either the 6 or the 9 position, exhibited only low heart uptake (0.1-0.3% of injected dose). PMID- 7299486 TI - Myocardial imaging with 9-[Te-123m]telluraheptadecanoic acid. AB - The distribution of radioactivity in the myocardium of rats and dogs infarcted by ligation of the left anterior coronary artery has been determined after intravenous injection of 9-[Te-123m]telluraheptadecanoic acid (Te-123m HDA]. In rats the normal myocardium concentrated radioactivity (3.7% +/- 0.28 injected dose/g) to nearly three times that in the zones of infarction (1.12% +/- 0.18 dose/g0. The focal defects detected in the gamma-camera images of rats and dogs correspond well with areas of infarction identified in the excised hearts by staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. The distribution of radioactivity from Te- 123m HDA in dog hearts sectioned at autopsy showed a linear correlation (r = 0.94) with blood flow as determined with scandium-46-labeled microspheres. PMID- 7299487 TI - Radiometric--microbiologic assay of vitamin B-6: application to food analysis. AB - A radiometric microbiologic assay for vitamin B-6 was applied to food analysis. The method was shown to be specific, reproducible and simpler than the standard turbidimetric microbiologic technique. The analysis of seven commercially available breakfast cereals was compared to a high performance liquid chromatography method. Three out of the seven cereals agreed when assayed with both methods (P greater than 0.1). Four cereals, however, differed in value considerably (P less than 0.05). Further studies are required to determine whether these differences were due to different extraction procedures used. The study showed that the new radiometric-microbiologic method can be used to measure total vitamin B-6 or, combined with a column separation procedure, to analyze for specific forms of the vitamin. PMID- 7299488 TI - Effect of magnesium deficiency on lipid metabolism in rats fed a high carbohydrate diet. AB - The effects of acute magnesium deficiency on lipid metabolism were examined in weaning rats fed a high carbohydrate diet containing starch or sucrose for 8 days. Rats were killed after the feeding period. In plasma, magnesium deficiency increased triglyceride and free cholesterol levels and decreased esterified cholesterol levels. Rats fed a magnesium-deficient diet containing sucrose showed particularly high triglyceride plasma levels. In liver, magnesium-deficient rats fed sucrose showed a significant increase in triglycerides, lactate and alpha glycerophosphate and a significant decrease in glycogen. Changes in triglycerides and glycogen in the liver of magnesium-deficient rats fed starch were not significant. In sucrose-fed rats, serum lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation. With magnesium deficiency, triglycerides were significantly increased in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions and cholesterol levels were increased in the VLDL and LDL and significantly lower in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions. The detrimental effect of severe magnesium deficiency associated particularly with a high carbohydrate diet content and more especially with a sucrose diet is discussed. PMID- 7299489 TI - Nitrogen balance studies in human pregnancy. AB - Sixty-eight primigravidae successfully complete a 12-day nitrogen balance study when they were between 30 and 34 weeks pregnant. Particular attention was paid to ensure that each patient ate a hospital diet quantitatively equal to the home diet; each patient ate the same every day and all food was eaten. There was a significant correlation between nitrogen intake and apparent nitrogen retention but no relationship between apparent nitrogen retention and birth weight or the occurrence of pre-eclampsia. The mean apparent nitrogen retention for the 68 women was 1.2 g/day. Once allowance is made for integumental losses this figure is equal to the estimated daily nitrogen retention for growth of the fetus and reproductive tissues during this time. There was no evidence of maternal storage of surplus protein as has been previously suggested. The previous literature is reviewed and an attempt made to explain the discrepancy between the findings in this study and previous work. PMID- 7299490 TI - Jejunal glucose absorption in selected high and low weight lines of domestic fowl. AB - Intestinal glucose uptake was measured in normal and dwarf chickens from lines selected fro high and low body weight. Jejunal tissue rings were excised from 9 week-old chicks and incubated in a medium containing .002 M glucose. Significantly more glucose (micromoles per gram dry tissue weight) was absorbed by tissues from the low weight line when compared to tissues from the high weight line. The dwarf gene, dw, had no effect on glucose Uptake. PMID- 7299491 TI - Modes of action of gallic acid in suppressing food intake of rats. AB - Gallic acid (3,4,5,trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyphenol comprising the major hydrolytic product of tannic acid. Gallic acid and tannic acid were previously shown to suppress food intake of animals to a similar extent. However, the mechanism by which this effect takes place has not been previously reported. Reported here is that the effect of gallic acid on food intake is not mediated entirely through taste aversion or through other gastrointestinal factors, since a continuous daily infusion of a gallic acid solution (18 ml; 2%) resulted in a significant reduction of food intake. The catechol moiety of gallic acid plays an important role in its suppression of food intake since administration of tis 4-0 methyl derivative was significantly less effective is suppressing food intake (P less than 0.01). The effectiveness of gallic acid in suppressing food intake diminishes with time, indicating adaptation to the consumption of this polyphenol. Propyl gallate is a more potent suppressor of food intake than gallic acid. Adaptation to the consumption of this polyphenol, it it exists at all, is much slower than with gallic. PMID- 7299492 TI - Mature body weight and life span of male and female progeny of primiparous rats fed a low protein or adequate diet throughout pregnancy. AB - Sixty-one primiparous Sprague-Dawley female rats were fed an adequate diet containing 5% protein (experiment 1) or 8% protein (experiment 2) throughout gestation. Low dietary protein reduced individual pup birth weight in both experiments (P less than .01 in experiment 1 and P less than .10 in experiment 2) and drastically decreased early postnatal survival in experiment 1. Weaning weight of survivors was reduced by gestation protein deprivation in experiment 1 but no in experiment 2. Male and female progeny surviving to weaning in experiment 1 and randomly selected progeny from each maternal treatment in experiment 2 were caged individually and fed ad libitum and nutritionally adequate corn-soybean meal-type diet throughout the entire life span. Body weight were recorded monthly beginning in young adulthood and continuing until death. Life span (in days) was recorded for each rat. Mature body weight of male and female progeny of dams fed restricted protein during gestation was less in both experiments than that of offspring from dams fed an adequate diet (P less than .01). There was no effect of prenatal nutrition on life span in either experiment, but females lived significantly longer than males in both experiments (p less than .05). It is concluded that maternal protein restriction during gestation of a magnitude large enough to reduce pup birth weight causes a significant reduction in mature body size of the progeny without affecting longevity in the rat. PMID- 7299493 TI - Sodium deprivation during thiamin deficiency in rats: hormonal, histological, and behavioral responses. AB - Adrenal function, determined by adrenocortical hormone measurement and histological studies, was examined in adult rats fed on of the following four diets for four weeks: thiamin-sufficient, sodium-adequate (+B/+Na) or inadequate (+B/-Na); and thiamin-deficient, sodium-adequate (-B/+NA) or inadequate (-B/-Na). Thiamin-deficiency significantly depressed plasma and urinary aldosterone responses to sodium deprivation; on the other hand, thiamin status had no consistent significant effect on aldosterone levels in sodium-adequate rats. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly elevated by thiamin deficiency and yet unaffected by sodium deprivation. Histological examination of the adrenal glands in thiamin-deficient rats revealed a suboptimal zona glomerulosa response to sodium deprivation. Juxtaglomerular granulation in the kidneys indicated that renin secretion was adequate in thiamin-deficient rats. In another experiment, salt (NaCl) appetite development was confirmed in adult rats fed the -B/+Na diet. A direct role of aldosterone in producing salt appetite in thiamin-deficient rats seems unlikely since aldosterone levels were essentially unchanged in rats fed the -B/+Na diet. Instead, the elevated corticosterone levels in thiamin-deficient rats suggest a general stress mechanism for salt appetite development of which the reduced aldosterone response to sodium deprivation is a symptom. PMID- 7299494 TI - Effect of excess dietary zinc on tissue storage of iron in rats. AB - Earlier investigators observed that addition of large amounts of zinc to the diet or rats can retard growth, lower their hemoglobin levels and reduce storage of iron. In the present studies, addition of 0.75% zinc to a synthetic diet confirmed the reduced storage of iron in the livers and spleens of growing rats, but failed to show an effect on growth rate or hemoglobin levels. The adverse effects of zinc excess on growth and hemoglobin level could, however be reproduced by replacing the Rogers-Harper salt mixture used in the present studies with the Wesson salt mixture use in the earlier studies. Rats fed excess zinc along with the Wesson salt mixture grew less well, had anemia and also had low level in copper in their livers. It is suggested that addition of zinc to the low copper Wesson salt mixture reduced copper absorption sufficiently it deplete liver copper to a level at which mobilization of liver iron stores by a copper dependent mechanism became impaired, thus depriving red cell production and tissue enzymes of stored iron. The mechanism by which iron stores are depleted by addition of zinc to the better balanced Rogers-Harper salt mixture remains unexplained It is not due to interference by zinc with iron adsorption from the diet nor with cellular uptake of iron from circulating transferrin, and the capacity of tissues to store iron as ferritin is not impaired. PMID- 7299495 TI - Effect of maternal diet on ganglioside distribution in fetal rat brain. AB - Female rats were fed a diet with low protein content or with low and high amount of essential fatty acids (EFA). Ganglioside content and distribution were analyzed in the brain of animals at two different periods of fetal life (15th or 20th day). In the fetuses from mothers fed the diet with low amount of EFA the content of ganglioside is significantly lower than in the control group. The three diets resulted in the modification of ganglioside pattern, mainly for the animals on the 15th day of gestation. PMID- 7299496 TI - Comparative studies of adaptive responses of fatty acid synthetase activities in rat liver and adipose tissue. AB - The specific activities of the fatty acid synthetases in the cytosolic fraction of livers and epididymal fat pads from fed, fasted or refed rats were determined. Refed rats received diets which provided, as the primary energy sources, sucrose or starch (75%) or both (59%) with beef tallow or safflower oil (16%) or the monosaccharide components (75%). From these determinations of fatty acid synthetase activity, the relative contribution of each tissue to the rat's overall lipogenic capacity was estimated. In rats fed a cereal-based stock diet ad libitum the adipose tissue accounted for 58% of total activity. During a 2-day fast the hepatic activity decreased from 14 units/100 g body weight to 2.7 units whereas the adipose tissue activity fell from 19 to 13.4 units/100 g body weight. At this time, 82.8% of the activity was in the latter tissue. After refeeding the sucrose diet for 2 days, the hepatic activity had increased 45-fold to 122.3 units/100 g body weight while the adipose tissue activity increased only 2.2-fold to 29.1 units, 19% of the total activity. We estimate that these adaptive responses deteriorate slowly (12.3 days, adipose tissue: 15.4 days, liver) with continued refeeding to the levels present in rats fed the cereal-based stock diet. Activation of residual or constituative enzyme was the major factor in the adipose tissue response whereas activation and induction played roles in the hepatic response. Responses to the refeeding of the other diets were of lesser magnitude. Generally our estimates based on fatty acids synthetase activities are consistent with other estimates based on radiolabel incorporation, NADPH generation and rate-limiting enzyme activities. PMID- 7299497 TI - Zinc absorption in cattle with a dietary picolinic acid supplement. AB - The effect of picolinic acid and hydroxyquinolines in intestinal zinc absorption of cattle was studied. In contrast to reports of the absorption in rat and in man, picolinic acid did not enhance zinc absorption in cattle. In two calves suffering from Adema disease, the bovine parallel to Acrodermatitis enteropathica, hydroxyquinoline supplementation resulted in an increase in intestinal 65Zn absorption, while picolinic acid had no such effect. The results may indicate a difference in the zinc absorption mechanism between cattle and other species. PMID- 7299498 TI - Meal timing dominates the lighting regimen as a synchronizer of the circadian blood ethanol clearance rate rhythm in rats. AB - The effects of timing of a single daily meal on the circadian rhythm of blood ethanol clearance rates were investigated in two groups of rats maintained on opposite 12 hours light: 12 hours dark (LD) schedules. Initially, the rats were fed ad libitum. Then feeding was restricted to 4 mid-light (ML) hours for one group and 4 mid-dark (MD) hours for the other. Finally, the meal timing was reversed; the ML-fed group became the MD-fed group and vice versa. Following acclimatization to each of the 3 feeding regimens, blood ethanol clearance rats ere determined for subgroups (n - 8) of both groups injected (i.p.) with ethanol at 5 times during 24-hour spans. The LD schedule synchronized the clearance rate rhythm during ad libitum feeding. Although the rhythm persisted without significant amplitude changes during restricted feeding regimens, minimal clearance rates during ML and MD feeding approximately the time of food presentation, with maximal rates 8-12 hours later. This relationship remained constant with the feeding phases were reversed. Thus, when food availability is limited, the single daily mean dominates the lighting regimen as synchronizer of the circadian blood ethanol clearance rate rhythm. PMID- 7299500 TI - Decreased bile acid pool neonates of guinea pigs fed cholesterol during pregnancy. AB - Feeding 0.25% cholesterol-containing chow to guinea pigs during pregnancy resulted in a) significantly higher plasma cholesterol in the neonates, b) a striking decrease in the total bile acid pool of the neonates, with a significant reduction in the pool of chenodeoxycholic acid, and c) and increase in the proportion of bile acids associated with the neonatal liver. These results suggest that feeding cholesterol to guinea pigs during pregnancy has undesirable effects in the neonate in terms of the development of cholesterol degradation mechanisms. PMID- 7299499 TI - Effect of feeding a low protein diet during neonatal life on subsequent cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in adult guinea pigs. AB - The effect of feeding a low-protein (LP) diet during neonatal life of guinea pigs on subsequent cholesterol and bile acid metabolism when the animals were being fed a) stock diet and b) 0.25% cholesterol-containing diet, was investigated. Feeding a 10% protein diet caused a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids without any change in plasma cholesterol. The LP-fed guinea pigs continued to excrete significantly (P less than 0.05) greater amount of neutral sterols and bile acids level after they had been switched to stock diet for several weeks. The pool sizes of lithocholic and chenodeoxycholic acids were lower in the LP group during the stock diet period. Upon challenge with 0.25% cholesterol diet, no significant differences between the two groups, regarding the above-mentioned parameters, were noted. The data suggest that neonatal exposure to a low-protein diet can affect sterol and bile acid metabolism such that the effect persists even when the animals have been switched to stock diet for several weeks. PMID- 7299501 TI - Follow-up of methylene chloride study. PMID- 7299502 TI - Cancer mortality of a group of Canadian workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer. AB - The present study was undertaken to find out whether there was an excess of cancer mortality from causes other than angiosarcoma of the liver among a group of workers heavily exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). The mortality of 451 workers exposed to VCM for more than five years was compared with that of 870 workers from the same company who had not been exposed to VCM. The relative risk for digestive cancer was significantly higher than 1 (6.25, confidence interval 2.69 to 14.52) in the exposed group. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for digestive cancer was also higher (SMR 259.26 p less than 0.01) than that of the general population. No other cancer was in excess. Since the exposed workers are known to have had a cigarette smoking experience similar to that of those who were not exposed, it is concluded that the association between lung cancer and VCM exposure, if present, is indeed rather small. PMID- 7299503 TI - Mortality among rubber workers. III. Cause-specific mortality, 1940-1978. AB - This report describes mortality occurring between 1940 and mid-1978 among 29,087 men and women employed in a rubber plant for at least two years. Mortality patterns for the period July 1, 1974, to July 1, 1978, were compared to previously published findings for January 1, 1940, through June 30, 1974. Expected numbers of deaths were based on U.S. general population mortality data. There were excess deaths from bladder cancer and leukemia among white male union members during both follow-up periods. During recent follow-up of white male union members employed for at least five years, there were excesses in deaths from three additional cancers: esophageal cancer (11 observed/4.8 expected), biliary and liver cancer (6 observed/3.3 expected) and lymphoma and multiple myeloma (14 observed/5.8 expected). Evidence from other studies of rubber workers suggests that observed excesses in deaths from bladder cancer and leukemia are related to work-place exposures. The present findings suggest that occupational exposures etiologically relevant to these diseases may not have been reduced in recent years or that sufficient time has not elapsed for such reductions to result in decreased mortality. Further investigation is required to clarify the contribution of occupational factors to observed excesses in deaths form cancers of the esophagus and the biliary passages and liver and from lymphoma and multiple myeloma. PMID- 7299504 TI - Reproductive hazards of the workplace. AB - Concern regarding adverse effects of occupational exposures on the reproductive health of workers is increasing. Several sociopolitical and legal issues influence both the regulation of worker exposure and the ability to study exposure and possible reproductive effects. Adverse reproductive outcomes that may be related to occupational exposure are discussed and some of the possible mechanisms of action are explored. Epidemiologic approaches to the study of reproductive hazards of the workplace are considered and illustrated in this paper. PMID- 7299505 TI - Diagnostic sensitivity bias -- an epidemiologic explanation for an apparent brain tumor excess. AB - Preliminary data showing over-representation of the Eastman Kodak Company (Rochester) on death certificates of brain tumor patients, and higher risk for older workers when compared to the general population, led to a case-control epidemiologic study. Chemical exposure histories of 56 workers with brain tumors were compared with those of other Kodak employees. No differences were found in exposure to a variety of chemicals. In addition, employees with brain tumors were compared to other upstate New York brain tumor patients; there was no difference in histology. However, the Kodak employees had diagnoses more frequently confirmed by histologic examination and more thorough diagnostic studies. Thus, the apparent initial excess of diagnosed tumors may have resulted from a "diagnostic sensitivity bias" arising from more complete medical evaluation of Kodak employees. PMID- 7299506 TI - Tuberculosis surveillance of hospital personnel. AB - Tuberculosis continues to present a problem of exposure for both patients and personnel in the general hospital. While not frequent, it is not uncommon and often is initially unsuspected, resulting in significant delay in diagnosis and the possibility of many potential contacts. We have reviewed our experience with tuberculosis surveillance at the Ohio State University Hospitals with the following conclusions:(1) Skin testing is a cost-effective means of surveillance of personnel, but requires proper interpretation. (2)Apparently high conversion rates may result from an undocumented history of tuberculin status or the booster effect of repeated testing. (3) Annual chest roentgenograms are expensive, have limited value, and entail some radiation exposure. (4) Isoniazid prophylaxis has been shown to be effective in reducing later reactivation of primary tuberculosis. (5) Based on our experience and other available data, it appears appropriate to eliminate routine periodic chest films on tuberculin-positive individuals who have undergone isoniazid therapy unless additional risk factors are present. PMID- 7299508 TI - Responding to a health crisis. PMID- 7299507 TI - Effects of iron and ascorbic acid supplementation on hemoglobin level and work efficiency of anemic women. AB - This study was conducted to examine the relationship between anemia, supplementation with iron and vitamin C, and productivity. Using the cyanmethemoglobin method, 671 female garment factory workers were examined. On the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, 98 were found to be mildly or moderately/severely anemic. An equal number was randomly chosen from the nonanemic workers. The subjects were then randomly assigned to either the placebo group or the group receiving 525 mg of ferrous sulfate (105 mg elemental iron) and 500 mg ascorbic acid. Only 118 of the 196 subjects completed the three month study. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) and work output, as indicated by efficiency rating (ER), of the placebo group did not change significantly. Mildly anemic workers with supplements showed a significant improvement in mean Hb, but not in mean ER. The moderately/severely anemic group receiving supplements had significant increases in both Hb and ER. PMID- 7299509 TI - Radionuclide studies in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 7299510 TI - Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7299511 TI - Outpatient coronary arteriography. PMID- 7299512 TI - Drug use and medication non-compliance in patients discharged from a medical ward. PMID- 7299513 TI - Blood transfusion service of the Oslo City Hospitals. PMID- 7299514 TI - Pharmacological studies of the uninhibited neurogenic bladder. PMID- 7299515 TI - [Surgery for traumatic conductive hearing loss and facial nerve palsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299516 TI - [Experimental study on penetration of aerosol into the paranasal cavity by vibration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299517 TI - [Measurement of volume of goiter by computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299518 TI - [Study on vestibular function in pupils of primary and secondary schools in the Kanagawa prefecture (Fourth report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299519 TI - [Diseases of the ear, nose and throat caused by dental disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299520 TI - [Carcinogen in the development of head and neck cancer (Part 1) The influence of smoking and drinking (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299521 TI - [Primary reconstruction of defect after hemiglossectomy with a pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299522 TI - [Brain stem potential elicited by electrical stimulation of the vestibular and cochlear nerves : an animal experiment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299523 TI - [Quantitative study of chronic otitis media using polytome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299524 TI - [Vertigo in children and brain tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299525 TI - [Quantitative study of cholesteatoma using polytome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299526 TI - [The detection of early stage tongue carcinoma and its social and medical backgrounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299527 TI - [Maxillo-temporal panoramic tomography for diagnostic screening test of ear and nose diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299528 TI - [Evolution of the larynx from the viewpoint of comparative anatomy]. PMID- 7299529 TI - Sudden death and myocardial necrosis in cattle. AB - Sudden death in cattle, especially calves, is a common problem of farm practice. Some cases are associated with significant cardiac lesions; in others, although necropsy suggests cardiac failure to be the cause of death, histological examination of H & E sections fails to demonstrate conclusively the site and nature of the lesion. We have studied 26 animals which died suddenly and in which the only pathological abnormalities detected were definite or equivocal myocardial necrosis. Three types of necrosis were identified: myodegeneration, contraction band necrosis and coagulation necrosis. Vacuolation of myocytes occurred in control hearts only in the sub-endocardial myocardium, but was found more extensively in diseased hearts. Paraffin sections of myocardium stained by von Kossa's method or by haematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid improved the detection of myocardial necrosis. Some myocardium was examined by electron microscopy which detected early myocardial necrosis in some equivocal cases and defined the nature of the lesion in more advanced cases. Early changes were an increase in the number of type A mitochondrial inclusions which did not contain significant quantities of calcium but which increased in number after death, albeit to a lesser degree, even in control material. This was followed by deposition of electron-dense granules and spicules (Type B inclusions) and totally electron-opaque mitochondria in association with contraction band necrosis. X-ray microanalysis showed type B inclusions and electron-opaque mitochondria to have peaks for calcium. It is suggested that myocardial cell death in animals having such lesions resulted from mitochondrial calcium overload. The findings are discussed in relation to nutritional myopathies of ruminants and human myocardial disease associated with sudden death, and to experimental myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 7299531 TI - Predictions of elderly drug abuse. PMID- 7299530 TI - The influence of experimental hypo- and hyperthyroid states on acute and chronic inflammatory reactions: modified response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. AB - Hyperthyroid and hypothyroid states were induced in rats by administration of triiodothyronine or surgical thyroparathyroidectomy. The anti-inflammatory activity of Indomethacin, Oxametacine and Phenylbutazone was evaluated in these animals using paw oedema provoked by carrageenan granulomas induced by cotton pellets and polyarthritis induced by Freund complete adjuvant. Our results indicate that the hyperthyroid state leads to a significant inhibition of the acute inflammatory response to carrageenan, while hypothyroidism has no effect. There was a marked increase in the anti-inflammatory activity of Indomethacin and Phenylbutazone in hyperthyroid rats. By contrast, in thyroparathyroidectomised animals the anti-inflammatory effect of these drugs appeared less than in euthyroid rats. The hyperthyroid state slightly inhibited the development of the cotton pellet-induced granuloma, while hypothyroidism enhanced it. Treatment of hypothyroid animals with the anti-inflammatory drugs resulted in a significant decrease in the size of the granuloma. In the hyperthyroid state, the activity of the compounds appeared similar to that detected in euthyroid rats. Neither hyperthyroidism, nor hypothyroidism affected the inflammatory response to mycobacterial adjuvant, or the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on the response. These results suggest that thyroid hormones may influence, to various degrees the development of acute inflammation due to carrageenan, and chronic inflammation due to implanted cotton pellets. Our results indicate also that hyper- and hypothyroid states can modify the response of the rat to some non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. PMID- 7299532 TI - Learned helplessness and substance abuse in the elderly. PMID- 7299533 TI - The social contexts of aging and drug use: theoretical and methodological insights. PMID- 7299534 TI - Aging and changing patterns of alcohol use. PMID- 7299535 TI - Predictors of problem drinking among elderly, middle-aged and youthful drinkers. PMID- 7299536 TI - Use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills among older Texans. PMID- 7299537 TI - Sex differences in prescription drug use of older adults. PMID- 7299538 TI - Psychoactive drug use and potential misuse among persons aged 55 years and older. PMID- 7299540 TI - Chelation therapy in beta-thalassemia major. III. The role of splenectomy in achieving iron balance. AB - Transfusion requirements for 1978 were compiled for 79 patients with thalassemia major (ages 1 to 29 years) who were maintained at hemoglobin concentrations of greater than 10 gm/dl. In 46 patients with intact spleens, the mean transfusion requirement was 258 ml/kg/year, and there was a clear increase with age. The transfusion history prior to 1978 had no influence on the increase of transfusion requirement with age. In contrast, in 33 splenectomized patients, the mean transfusion requirement was 203 ml/kg/year and it did not increase with age. Urinary iron excretion in response to deferoxamine increased with age, with no obvious difference between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients. The ability to achieve iron balance with a daily dose of 20 mg/kg of deferoxamine was a function of the transfusion requirement splenectomized patients with lower blood requirements generally achieved negative iron balance, whereas nonsplenectomized patients did not. We conclude that the spleen should be removed when the transfusion requirement exceeds 250 ml/kg/year, which usually occurs between 6 and 8 years of age. In young patients with intact spleens, a higher dose of deferoxamine may be use in order to prevent hemosiderosis. PMID- 7299539 TI - Response to long-term deferoxamine therapy in thalassemia. AB - We evaluated decreasing deferoxamine-induced urinary iron excretion during intensive chelation therapy in four children with thalassemia. Patients received daily intramuscular or subcutaneous therapy as well as intermittent intravenous infusions of high doses of DFO. Iron excretion fell by more than 80% in three patients and decreased by 45% in the fourth. Ferritin concentrations returned to normal or near normal values in all patients. Serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation steadily declined in one of four patients. Supplemental vitamin C was no longer required for normal vitamin C stores or maximum iron excretion in one patient after 26 months of chelation therapy. Interruption of chelation therapy was not followed by increased iron excretion after resumption of treatment with DFO. Decreasing DFO-induced iron excretion occurs during long term, intensive chelation therapy, and may be the result of substantial reduction of excessive iron stores rather than of tachyphylaxis or transient depletion of an intracellular chelatable iron pool. PMID- 7299541 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage and circulating coagulation inhibitor in beta-thalassemia major. AB - A syndrome of intracranial hemorrhage with gross prolongation of the prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, with normal thrombin time, fibrinogen concentrations, and coagulation factor assays is described in four children with homozygous beta-thalassemia. Mixing experiments and plasma thromboplastin inhibition tests revealed a persistent abnormality which was consistent with the presence of a circulatory prothrombinase inhibitor. The origin of this previously unreported inhibitor in thalassemia remains speculative. PMID- 7299542 TI - Severe giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in early childhood. AB - Four children, aged 6 1/2 months to 2 years, presented with liver disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Clinical signs included fever, jaundice, firm or hard hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Direct Coombs test results were of the mixed (IgG + C) type. Liver function tests showed high direct bilirubin transaminase, and serum gamma globulin values, and a prolonged prothrombin time. The liver histology was characterized by marked lobular fibrosis and giant cell transformation. The course of the disease was severe, resulting in the death of three patients from liver failure. However, the liver disease seemed responsive to corticosteroid treatment, which in one patient was clearly beneficial. PMID- 7299543 TI - Hematuria preceding renal calculus formation in children with hypercalciuria. AB - Five children were evaluated for painless hematuria; currently recommended diagnostic studies were unsuccessful in determining a diagnosis. A renal calculus subsequently was passed or detected radiographically in each child from 14 to 20 months after the initial evaluation. Hypercalciuria was then demonstrated by quantitation of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion or by measurement of urinary calcium/creatinine ratio. Calculi and hematuria have not recurred following thiazide therapy. We infer that idiopathic hypercalciuria was a probable cause of the unexplained painless hematuria. PMID- 7299544 TI - The association of idiopathic hypercalciuria and asymptomatic gross hematuria in children. AB - Seven children with asymptomatic gross hematuria are described. Six had recurrent hematuria; one had a single episode. Occasional global glomerulosclerosis and/or mesangial electron dense deposits were present in the three patients in whom renal biopsy was performed; the changes were felt to be insufficient to account for the hematuria. None of the patients had urolithiasis or any significant urinary tract abnormality. One was an adopted child; a family history of urolithiasis was obtained in the other six. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was documented in six patients; the seventh subsequently passed a calcium oxalate calculus. One patient is 10 weeks of age at the time of this submission. Of the remainder, three patients received no specific therapy; renal calculi developed six months, six years, and eight years later. Three patients were treated with a thiazide diuretic soon after onset of hematuria and confirmation of idiopathic hypercalciuria; there was complete cessation of hematuria within five days with no recurrence as long as therapy was continued. We suggested that measurement of urinary calcium excretion as part of the initial evaluation of a child with gross hematuria may, in some cases, obviate invasive investigations and allow for effective therapy. PMID- 7299545 TI - Relationship between lower esophageal sphincter pressure and serum gastrin concentration in the newborn infant. AB - We measured lower esophageal sphincter pressure in 22 healthy unsedated term neonates (mean age 8.25 hours) with a double-lumen tube, continuously perfused manometric system. Studies were repeated in 18 infants on day 4. Serum gastrin concentration was measured with 34 studies and in 22 adult controls. Mean (+/- SD) LESP and serum gastrin concentration, respectively, were 41.9 mm Hg (+/- 10.9) and 142.6 pg/ml (+/- 56.0) on day 1 and 39.1 mm Hg (+/- 11.5) and 144.9 pg/ml (+/- 54.5) on day 4. LESP did not correlate with age on day 1 or with serum gastrin concentration on either day 1 or 4. Serum gastrin concentration in the adult controls (98.9 pg/ml +/- 35.4) was significantly higher than that of the neonates. We conclude that LESP is well developed in the healthy term neonate. Although neonatal serum gastrin concentrations are higher than in the adult, they do not correlate with LESP, and endogenous gastrin probably plays no role in the maintenance of basal LESP in the newborn infant. PMID- 7299547 TI - Energy balance in low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 7299546 TI - Hyperpipecolic acidemia: clinical and biochemical observations in two male siblings. AB - Hyperpipecolic acidemia was diagnosed in two male siblings. Both infants had an unusual constellation of clinical findings including hepatomegaly, retinopathy, developmental delay, and several minor dysmorphic features. Pipecolic acid values were elevated in serum, urine, and in liver tissue, but none was detected using an automated amino acid analyzer. The older sibling died at 18 months of age. The younger sibling has been treated with a protein-restricted diet, with lowering of the serum pipecolic acid concentration. He is alive at 18 months of age; there has been no apparent progression in his liver disease or retinopathy since therapy began, but he remains developmentally delayed. PMID- 7299549 TI - Testicular volume during early infancy. PMID- 7299548 TI - The relationship of oral rehydration solution to hypernatremia in infantile diarrhea. PMID- 7299550 TI - Mycoplasma hominis septicemia in a burned infant. PMID- 7299551 TI - Erysipeloid in an infant. PMID- 7299552 TI - The use of gowns and masks to control respiratory illness in pediatric hospital personnel. PMID- 7299553 TI - Nonantibiotic-associated enterocolitis caused by Clostridium difficile in an infant. PMID- 7299554 TI - Coccidioidomycosis in a neonate; maternal-infant transmission. PMID- 7299556 TI - Blood transfusions: effect of speed of infusion and of needle gauge on hemolysis. PMID- 7299555 TI - Congestive cardiomyopathy associated with beta-ketothiolase deficiency. PMID- 7299557 TI - Elevated values of tri-iodothyronine in victims of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 7299558 TI - The prognostic value of computed tomography as an adjunct to assessment of the term infant with postasphyxial encephalopathy. AB - Prospective follow-up studies were done on 62 term infants who were treated as neonates for clinical evidence of postasphyxial encephalopathy. Computed tomographic studies were done during the first two weeks of life and repeated at six months of age. All children were followed a minimum of 18 months, at which time they underwent a psychometric and a neurologic evaluation. Major neurodevelopmental sequelae consisted of: hydrocephalus; spastic quadriplegia, hemiplegia, or diplegia; or a mean Bayley score less than 70. Major sequelae were present in 29 (47%) of the children: all were severely handicapped. Five other children scored between 70 and 85 on the Bayley test. Computed tomographic scans were highly predictive of status at 18 months. Eleven of the 15 with intraventricular or parenchymal hemorrhage were severely handicapped. Eighteen of 20 with extensive areas of hypodensity of the white and gray matter (neonatal CT) were abnormal at 18 months. All but two were severely handicapped. The results suggest that CT studies are very useful in the care of the asphyxiated term infant who has clinical signs of encephalopathy. PMID- 7299559 TI - Intrathoracic pressure and volume changes during the spontaneous onset of respiration in babies born by cesarean section and by vaginal delivery. AB - We studied the first breath of newborn infants delivered by cesarean section. Inspiratory pressure and volume were found to be similar to those in infants born vaginally. However, the expiratory and delivery pressures were found to be smaller. Functional residual capacity was formed less frequently after cesarean section than in the vaginally delivered group. PMID- 7299560 TI - Insensible weight loss measurements in newborn infants: possible overestimation with the Potter baby scale. PMID- 7299561 TI - Appointment-keeping behavior in adolescents. AB - Adolescent appointment-keeping behavior was investigated prospectively in 245 first-scheduled appointments in a general youth clinic within a pediatric ambulatory setting, to determine if older adolescents were more compliant when they made their appointments and less compliant when their appointments were made by their parents. Among single variables (age, sex, and who made the appointment), rates of kept appointments varied considerably. The highest rates of compliance were found in males, under the age of 15, whose parents made the appointment. The lowest rates were found in females, over the age of 15, who made their own appointment. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine which of the variables was most important in predicting compliance. The most important factor was appointment source. Whether parents make the appointment for their sons and daughters (irrespective of age) was the most important predictor of compliance, emphasizing the importance of parental involvement in scheduling appointments. PMID- 7299562 TI - Hyperprolactinemia causing primary amenorrhea. PMID- 7299563 TI - Relationship between digoxin concentration in serum and saliva in infants. PMID- 7299564 TI - Behavioral and environmental characteristics of treated and untreated enuretic children and matched nonenuretic controls. AB - This correlational study investigated possible behavioral, parental, and environmental differences in enuretic children who were either receiving or not receiving treatment for bed-wetting. The subjects wer 5- to 12-year-old children who were nocturnally incontinent at least once a week and physically normal in all other respects. Seventeen of these youngsters were receiving pharmacologic treatment for enuresis (clinical enuretic group) and 20 were not (nonclinical enuretic group). Clinical enuretic children were older and wet more frequently than youngsters whose parents had not sought treatment for this problem. Their fathers more often held blue-collar jobs and their mothers were more intolerant of enuresis than were parents of the nonclinical enuretic sample. These two groups did not differ in number and type of child behavior problems, number of life-stress events, age toilet training commenced, or parental child-rearing practices employed. However, enuretic youngsters displayed more conduct problems and immature behavior than their nonenuretic counterparts. Mothers of enuretic youngsters applied more rule-oriented child-rearing practices than mothers of nonenuretic controls. There were no differences between the enuretic and nonenuretic groups in number of early-life stressful events or the age at which toilet training commenced. PMID- 7299565 TI - Sleep duration and infant temperament. PMID- 7299566 TI - Neonatal infection. PMID- 7299567 TI - Conservative management of cerebellar hematomas in neonates. PMID- 7299569 TI - Family relationships in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7299568 TI - Congenital folate malabsorption. PMID- 7299571 TI - Management of aortic thrombosis. PMID- 7299570 TI - Etiology of conjunctivitis. PMID- 7299572 TI - Potential errors in neonatal blood gas measurements. PMID- 7299573 TI - Effect of age on pharmacokinetics of salicylate. PMID- 7299574 TI - Relationships between pyruvate decarboxylation and branched-chain volatile acid synthesis in Ascaris mitochondria. AB - The rate of 14CO2 evolution from 1-[14C]pyruvate by intact Ascaris mitochondria was very slow, but increased with increasing concentrations of pyruvate. At all concentrations of pyruvate, in an aerobic environment, pyruvate decarboxylation was stimulated greatly by the addition of fumarate, malate, or succinate. However, under anaerobic conditions, only malate and fumarate stimulated pyruvate decarboxylation; succinate had no effect. This implies that the aerobic metabolism of succinate, presumably to other dicarboxylic acids, may be required for the stimulation. Incubation of sonicated mitochondria with pyruvate plus fumarate, under rate-limiting concentrations of NAD+, resulted in approximately equal quantities of pyruvate utilized and succinate formed, suggesting that pyruvate oxidation and fumarate reduction may be linked. Branched-chain, volatile fatty acids were not formed during incubations with either malate or succinate, or succinate plus acetate. However, incubations of intact Ascaris mitochondria with pyruvate plus succinate yielded 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate, whereas incubations with pyruvate plus propionate yielded almost exclusively 2 methylvalerate. Oxygen dramatically inhibited the synthesis of the branched-chain acids from succinate plus pyruvate, attesting to the apparent anaerobic nature of Ascaris mitochondrial metabolism. Significantly, the addition of glucose plus ADP stimulated the formation of all volatile fatty acids. Therefore, the synthesis of branched-chain acids may be related directly to increased energy generation. Alternatively, they may function in the regulatory role of maintaining the mitochondrial redox balance. PMID- 7299575 TI - Isoprenoid biosynthesis in adult Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis. AB - The ability of adult B. pahangi and D. immitis to utilize [14C]-mevalonate for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds was investigated. Both filariae appeared to be unable to synthesize squalene and sterols de novo. They did, however, synthesize ubiquinone 9, a family of dolichol isoprenologs, and predominantly, the short-chain isoprenoid alcohol, geranyl geraniol. In addition, B. pahangi and D. immitis apparently were unable to synthesize a menaquinone (Vitamin K2) from [14C]-menadione. PMID- 7299576 TI - Fine structure of the foveal glands and foveae dorsales of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). AB - The ultrastructure of the foveae dorsales and pheromone glands (foveal glands) of both feeding and unfed female Dermacentor variabilis (Say) was studied. Each pore of the fovea contains a pore tube, with cells surrounding a lumen that can be opened or closed. Each pore tube extends below the fovea and expands to form a cone-shaped ampulla, into which a duct of the foveal gland is inserted. Each duct is lined with microvilli, except near its insertion into the ampulla where the lumen is lined with a brush border. In the feeding female, numerous vesicles and lipid droplets accumulate in and around the ducts. However, in the unfed female, the ducts are free of vesicles or droplets. A nerve, the foveal nerve, occurs in the vicinity of the ducts. Neurosecretory vesicles occur in some of the nerve fibers in the feeding tick. Microorganisms, of unknown identity, were found near the ducts of the pheromone gland in feeding females, but not in unfed females. The secretory lobes of the pheromone glands, representing the major part of these organs, contain large cells which appear to comprise one type. In the feeding female, lipid droplets of varying size occur in vesicles or, more frequently, free in the cytoplasms. The may be clustered or scattered throughout large areas of the cell cytoplasm. Accumulations of vesicles and lipid droplets are especially abundant at the ends of the cells, near the junction with the ducts, where they may occur in a single large membrane-bound enclosure. In the unfed female, the lipid droplets occur only within vesicles, distributed more or less uniformly throughout the gland cells. PMID- 7299579 TI - Chemical attraction in the absence of worm-mediated tactile behavior in Trichinella spiralis. AB - In vitro chemical attraction of Trichinella spiralis was studied using as migrators individual male or female worms. Both male and female worms exhibited a dose-dependent behavior at target doses of 20 to 80 worms, no significant differences in response at doses of 80 to 200 worms, and an inhibition of movement at doses of 200 to 400 worms. Single males were attracted less to a mixture of males and females as the source of pheromone than single males to a female source. Single females did not move significantly towards a mixture of males and females. Adult males and fourth-state, juvenile males were significantly attracted to fourth-stage females as the pheromone source. Fourth stage males attracted adult females but not forth-stage juvenile females. Adult males and females and third-stage, juvenile males and females were not significantly attracted to a pheromone source from third-stage juvenile males and females. We postulate that the onset of pheromone production in T spiralis is during the fourth developmental stage. PMID- 7299580 TI - Accessory nuclei in female Ascaris suum. AB - Accessory nuclei were observed in early meiotic prophase (leptotene) in female Ascaris suum but such structures were absent in meiosis in males. Accessory nuclei also were observed during the prediminution embryonic divisions. All embryos did not have accessory nuclei, thus, those embryos with these structures may be female since the accessory nuclei are maternal-limited. Accessory nuclei were not observed after the fourth embryonic division, at which stage the process of chromatin diminution begins. The eliminated chromatin may be composed in part of DNA from accessory nuclei. PMID- 7299578 TI - Comparative analysis of mobility and ultrastructure of intramuscular larvae of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis. AB - The muscle phase of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis was studied by using scanning electron microscope techniques, closed circuit television, and video tape recording. The complete absence of any cyst structure including the pseudocapsule allows T. pseudospiralis to move freely between the muscle layers. Its rate of activity, measured as distance moved between two points, was 2.83 mm/min compared to that of the encysted T. spiralis larvae which was 0.237 mm/min. There was an absence of cellular reaction to T. pseudospiralis infection which may have been the result of either an absence of active antigen or specific suppression of the cellular response by the metabolites released by by the parasite. THe absence of a capsule around the muscle larvae of T pseudospiralis suggest a different host-parasite relationship than T spiralis. PMID- 7299577 TI - Conventional giemsa and C-banded karyotypes of Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini. AB - The karyotypes of a Puerto Rican strain of Schistosoma mansoni and a Kenyan strain of S. rodhaini are similar in number of general morphology. For each species there are eight pairs of chromosomes (2n =16) which are divided into three size groups. C-banded methods revealed, in addition to centromeric heterochromatin, a large heterochromatic block in one for the No. 2 chromosomes in females but not in the other. Neither No. 2 chromosome of males possessed the heterochromatic block. This pair (2) is interpreted as the sex chromosomes, with the female being heterogametic (ZW), the male homogametic (ZZ). Differences between karyotypes of the two species occurred. These included a satellite on the No. 3 chromosome of S. mansoni and a euchromatic tip on the otherwise heterochromatic short arm of the W chromosome of this species; neither of these was present in S. rodhaini. The two species also differed in that the centromeric index of the Z of S mansoni was smaller than that of the W, whereas in S rodhaini the reverse was true. In S. mansoni the large heterochromatic block of the W chromosome was identified in prophase and interphase nuclei as well as at metaphase. PMID- 7299581 TI - Schistosoma mansoni, NIH-SM-PR-2 strain, in susceptible and nonsusceptible stocks of Biomphalaria glabrata: comparative histology. AB - Of 10 inbred stocks of Biomphalaria glabrata examined, eight were susceptible to the NIH-Sm-PR-1 strain (PR-1) of Schistosoma mansoni, whereas only three were susceptible to the NIH-Sm-PR-2 strain (PR-2). By employing a histological ranking system based on parasite development and host tissue response, we have observed a range of nonsusceptibility among stocks nonsusceptible to PR-2. In three nonsusceptible stocks, sporocysts were rapidly surrounded by host amebocytes and were destroyed within a few days. However, in four other nonsusceptible stocks, sporocysts were surrounded by only a minimal host reaction and some sporocysts persisted for at least 3 weeks. Nondevelopment of sporocysts in these four stocks may result from biochemical unsuitability or a weak from of resistance in the host. Parasite development and host tissue response also varied among three stocks of snails that were susceptible to PR-2. In two susceptible stocks, most PR-2 sporocysts developed normally, and the small proportion that underwent degeneration elicited no host cellular response within the first week of infection. However, in a third susceptible stock, most sporocysts were surrounded by a minimal host reaction and very few appeared to develop normally. PMID- 7299583 TI - The occurrence in Australia of the bovine coccidia Eimeria Bukidnonensis Tubangui 1931 and E. wyomingensis Huizinga and Winger 1942. PMID- 7299582 TI - The effect of mebendazole on sheep hydatid cysts as demonstrated by electron microscopy. AB - The ultrastructural changes induced in hydatid cysts from lungs of sheep after medication with one or two courses of mebendazole (Ovitelmin), each lasting 3 wk, are described. The hydatid germinal membrane tissue collected from the treated sheep showed complete degeneration of the tegumental and subtegumental structures and minor degree of calcification. Lung hydatid cysts of the untreated sheep presented normal ultrastructural configurations. PMID- 7299585 TI - Behavior of Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia upon contacting solid surfaces. PMID- 7299584 TI - Chromosome numbers of some schistosomes. PMID- 7299586 TI - Microfilaremia and antibody responses in CBA/H and CBA/N mice following injection of microfilariae of Brugia malayi. PMID- 7299587 TI - Effect of Haemonchus contortus extracts on coagulation of ovine plasma. PMID- 7299588 TI - Effect of Schistosoma mansoni infections on challenge infections with Fasciola hepatica in mice. PMID- 7299589 TI - A method for laboratory maintenance of Lymnaea natalensis and for mass production of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae. PMID- 7299590 TI - Passage of host serum components, including antibody, across the digestive tract of Dermacentor variabilis (Say). PMID- 7299591 TI - Visceral leishmaniasis in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciurea). PMID- 7299592 TI - Trypanosoma musculi infections in two mouse strains exposed to various environmental temperatures. PMID- 7299594 TI - Susceptibility of the knot (Calidris canutus) to Plasmodium hermani. PMID- 7299593 TI - Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs from Richmond County, Georgia. PMID- 7299595 TI - The levels of some metabolites in Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala). PMID- 7299596 TI - Serum lipid values in golden hamsters infected with Ancylostoma ceylanicum. PMID- 7299597 TI - Diffusion and bubble point testing of microporous cartridge filters: preliminary results of production facilities. PMID- 7299598 TI - Initial evaluation of focused ultrasound for in-situ measurements of small particles in flowing water streams. PMID- 7299599 TI - Functionality and economics of tangential flow microfiltration. PMID- 7299600 TI - Automatic particle counters used for regulatory monitoring of particulates in LVPs: statistical analysis. PMID- 7299601 TI - Potentiating effect of calcium gluconate on the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) gelation-endpoint assay for endotoxin. PMID- 7299602 TI - A new approach to quality training. PMID- 7299603 TI - Preparation of sterile clinical supplies in a R & D facility. PMID- 7299604 TI - Settling and impaction of particles into containers in manufacturing pharmacies. PMID- 7299605 TI - Determination of thimerosal in ophthalmic solutions by radial compression separation HPLC. PMID- 7299606 TI - Development and congenital abnormalities of the nasolacrimal apparatus. AB - The development of the nasolacrimal apparatus was reassessed based on the examination of serial sections done in 27 (54 orbits) embryos and fetuses ranging in size from 13.6 mm to term. In addition two adult specimens were examined. The entire nasolacrimal apparatus viz. canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct develop contemporaneously. Canalization thereafter occurs throughout its length at the same time. The epithelium which lines the nasolacrimal apparatus abuts against the conjunctival epithelium superiorly in relationship to the puncta and the nasal mucosa at the opening of the nasolacrimal duct. These gossamer-like membranes perforate at term or soon thereafter. With the development of the face, the maxillary process grows medially to abut against, and then to override, the paraxial mesoderm of the nasolacrimal process. The nasooptic fissure is thus formed between these two mesodermal complexes. The surface ectoderm within the fissure thickens in a cord-like fashion and this is the analaga of the nasolacrimal apparatus. There is divergence of opinion as to the subsequent development of tear drainage system. A cord of epithelial cells forms from the nasal cavity and grows cephalad to become continuous with the main cord of buried surface ectoderm (Figure 1). It has been contended by Duke-Elder that the main epithelial cord then sends extensions laterally to form the superior and the inferior canaliculi. The inferior canaliculus extends more laterally than the superior canaliculus. At 3 months' development, canalization of the nasolacrimal apparatus is purported to occur in a segmental manner. These cavities then coalesce in a haphazard manner, finally forming a continuous tube. It is also suggested that the main core of buried epithelium canalizes from cephal caudalwards and that the epithelium arising from the nasal cavity canalizes in a reverse direction. The lacrimal sac then expands: the canaliculi canalize and the final section of the nasolacrimal duct to become patent is the opening into the inferior meatus of the nose below the inferior meatus of the nose below the inferior turbinate.U PMID- 7299607 TI - The blind spot syndrome: does it exist? AB - The absence of sensory adaptations in patients who have an esotropia of 12 to 18 degrees constitutes what has been described as the blind spot syndrome. Here, the physiological blind spot is said to provide the means of avoiding diplopia and confusion. The small size of the optic disc and variations of the angle of deviation at different positions of gaze and fixation distances make it implausible that the blind spot is the mechanism by which diplopia and confusion are relieved. Moreover, there is no known mechanism for continuous oculomotor readjustment with the purpose of locking a retinal image onto the optic nerve head. When tested under almost casual seeing conditions, these patients have an anomalous retinal correspondence. The blind spot syndrome, therefore, does not exist. PMID- 7299608 TI - Spontaneous resolution of congenital ectropion in a collodion baby. PMID- 7299609 TI - Brown's syndrome - a possible etiology explained embryologically. PMID- 7299610 TI - Sensorimotor disturbances in craniostenosis. AB - Forty-two patients with craniostenosis were evaluated for sensorimotor disturbances and related ocular findings. Subjects include patients with Crouzon's syndrome (21 patients), Apert's syndrome (14 patients), and Pfeiffer's syndrome (seven patients). Thirty-five patients had strabismus in primary position and six of the remaining seven had oculomotor disturbances in at least one field of gaze. Twenty-three patients had sensory evaluations, all demonstrating adaptations similar to that of the general populations. Since sensory adaptations can become more deeply rooted with time, these patients should receive early strabismus treatment. PMID- 7299611 TI - Effect of mydriatics on blood pressure in premature infants. AB - Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by doppler methods at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes in 52 premature infants after triple instillation of aqueous phenylephrine 2.5% and tropicamide 1.0%. Systolic blood pressures were insignificantly increased 3.9 +/- 2.0 mm Hg (mean +/- S.E.) at 15 minutes when compared with controls matched for initial blood pressure, birth weights and age at examination. Though a 964 gm, 28-week Caucasian male with retinopathy of prematurity had been uneventfully dilated, pupillary dilatation one week later with triple instillations of phenylephrine 2.5% and tropicamide 1.07% was accompanied by an acute increase in systolic blood pressure to 108 mm Hg at 15 minutes, which remained elevated for 150 minutes. A new lower dose, single instillation mydriatic became available whose final concentration was phenylephrine 2.5%, tropicamide 0.5% and cyclogyl 0.5%. A single drop was found to produce mydriasis equal to the triple instillation regime. The single administration produced no significant effect on systolic blood pressure in 30 low birth weight infants (birth weight less than 1750 gm) when compared with balanced salt solution (placebo) in a randomized, double--masked study. Mechanisms of acute hypertension after topical mydriasis are discussed. PMID- 7299612 TI - Therapy of anisometropic amblyopia. AB - In 67 patients with strictly anisometropic amblyopia, we found statistically significant correlations among three measurable parameters: the vision before treatment, the amount of anisometropia and the vision after treatment. The predetermined factors associated with success of treatment were 1) lower amounts of anisometropia, particularly less than six diopters for myopes, 2) better initial vision, and 3) a younger patient for hyperopic differences. Patients with less than three diopters of anisometropia were more likely to succeed with the use of glasses alone and a trial of glasses did not prolong therapy time. Despite a substantial number of older patients with extreme amounts of anisometropia or very poor vision, the group as a whole did well with 70% achieving 20/40 or better. Thus therapy should be approached enthusiastically, even for highly myopic patients since other authors have reported success with them. The factors under the control of the ophthalmologist which will promote success in these patients are correct glasses prescriptions, particularly with full astigmatic correction, continued use of glasses as maintenance therapy, and patience, since these children required a median of eight months for therapy to be successful. PMID- 7299613 TI - Eye involvement in Kawasaki disease. AB - Kawasaki disease or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is an acute febrile illness primarily affecting children. The principal signs and symptoms recognizable during the acute phase of the illness are described. Kawasaki disease is fatal in up to 3% of cases due to cardiac complications secondary to a systemic vasculitis. In a prospective series, ophthalmologic examinations on 10 children with Kawasaki disease showed that eight had anterior uveitis during the acute phase of the illness. All cases resolved within two to eight weeks. Because of these findings, 15 patients who had had Kawasaki disease with documented bilateral conjunctival injection, but who had never undergone slit-lamp examinations, were recalled for ophthalmologic evaluation. Results of these follow-up examinations were normal in all 15 children. PMID- 7299614 TI - A pharmcokinetic model for enterohepatic circulation of an analgesic l-1,4 dimethyl-10-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,6-methano-1H-4-benzazonine hydrobromide (l-ST-2121) in rats. PMID- 7299615 TI - An attempt at an analysis of the factors determining the time course of the glutamate response in the crayfish neuromuscular junction. AB - An attempt was made to analyse the factors which might determine the time course of the end-plate current. The end-plate current was measured by clamping the membrane potential of the crayfish muscle fiber. The calculated glutamate-induced current was in good agreement with the observations obtained, suggesting that the presented kinetic model explained well the practical phenomenon. The kinetic model could be applied also to explain the depolarization change induced by prolonged application of glutamate. The semilogarithmic plots of the falling phase of calculated glutamate-induced currents gave an approximately straight line. The slope of the line yielded an apparent desensitization rate constant, and the relationship between the true and apparent desensitization rate constants was determined, but it was suggested that the desensitization rate could not be determined from the slope of the decay of glutamate-induced current alone. PMID- 7299616 TI - Difference in fenitrothion-inhibited rat plasma cholinesterase activities determined by delta pH-method and DTNB-method, due to spontaneous reactivation. AB - Rat cholinesterase (ChE) activities were measured by DTNB-method after an oral administration of fenitrothion, and the following facts were observed. The inhibited plasma ChE (pseudo ChE) obtained within several hours after the administration was spontaneously reactivated at 10 degrees C or over, whereas no reactivation was observed at 1 degree C. Neither red blood cell nor brain ChE (true ChE) was spontaneously reactivated. In vitro, the spontaneous reactivation was also observed in rat plasma ChE inhibited by oxon-type of fenitrothion. In case the activity of plasma ChE obtained 30 min after administration was determined by delta pH-method, the activity was higher than the actual value, because of the spontaneous reactivation taking place during an incubation for 1 h at 37 degrees C. It is suggested from these results that an utilization of delta pH-method is unsuitable for the measurement of the activity of inhibited ChE which is spontaneously reactivated. PMID- 7299617 TI - Cellular origin of cathepsin B in carrageenin-induced granuloma tissues in rats. AB - Cathepsin B isolated from carrageenin-induced granuloma tissue was separated into two peaks (one large and one small) on CM-cellulose column chromatography. The cathepsin B activities from the peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were eluted at the positions identical to those of the larger (P-D and the smaller (P-II) peaks, respectively. Similarly, the cathepsin B activities in the P-I and P-II fractions from granuloma tissue corresponded to those from macrophages and leukocytes, respectively, in isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. Both the cathepsin B activities were completely inhibited by iodoacetamide and leupeptin, but phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and o phenanthroline were ineffective. The molecular weight of the cathepsin B of the cellular origin and granuloma tissue was approximately 24,000 by gel filtration. The pI value of cathepsin B in the P-I and P-II fractions from granuloma tissue was 5.09 and 5.18, respectively. These results strongly suggest that two types of cathepsin B in granuloma tissue may be different in cellular origin and may be isozymes. PMID- 7299618 TI - Effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and estradiol on the formation of 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha in rat ovary. AB - Effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) and estradiol on the formation of 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha (13,14H2-PGF2 alpha) from prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F2 alpha (15KD-PGF2 alpha) in the ovarian homogenate of rats were examined. PMS and estradiol were given to the rats (s.c.) on the first day of diestrus, and the ovaries were removed 24 hours after treatment with each hormone. PMS stimulated the formation of 13,14H2-PGF2 alpha from PGF2 alpha and 15KD-PGF2 alpha, and estradiol markedly inhibited the formation of 13,14H2-PGF2 alpha from PGF2 alpha and 15KD-PGF2 alpha. However, the formation of 15KD-PGF2 alpha from PGF2 alpha did not change with PMS and estradiol. These results indicate that 13,14H2-PGF2 alpha formed in rat ovary may play some important role in ovarian function and may be regulated by gonadotropins and ovarian steroids. PMID- 7299619 TI - Effects of colestipol hydrochloride on cholesterol and bile acids absorption in the rat intestinal tract. AB - It was clearly shown that colestipol hydrochloride inhibits lymphatic absorption of not only endogenous but also exogenous cholesterol and triglyceride in thoracic duct cannulated rats. Inhibition of cholesterol absorption by colestipol hydrochloride was effectively blocked by administration of cholic acid. It was also suggested that colestipol hydrochloride inactivates bile acids which are essential for cholesterol absorption in the intestinal tract. Administration of colestipol hydrochloride to fasted rats decreased bile flow and biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids and increased fecal excretion of bile acids bound to colestipol hydrochloride. These results show that colestipol hydrochloride binds bile acids in the intestinal tract and interferes with bile acids reabsorption. PMID- 7299621 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of trimethadione and its metabolite in rats with chemical induced liver injury. AB - A rapid and sensitive gas-liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the measurements of trimethadione (TMO) and its metabolite, 5, 5-dimethyl-2, 4 oxazolidine-dione (DMO) in plasma. TMO and DMO were extracted from plasma by a micro-extraction method and chromatographed on a 10% Carbowax 6000 column using paramethadione as an internal standard. Recoveries of TMO and DMO ranged from 96 to 104% using a 0.1 ml of plasma. The method is capable of measuring at least 5 microgram of TMO and DMO per milliliter. After an oral administration of TMO at a dose of 100 mg/kg, mean plasma levels of TMO and DMO in 6 rats reached a peak of 98 microgram/ml at 0.6 h and 163 microgram/ml at 8 h and declined with a half life of 2.2 h and 39.4 h, respectively. After the intravenous administration of TMO at a dose of 100 microgram/kg, half-lives of TMO and DMO were 2.5 h and 39.1 h, respectively. Pretreatment of rats with carbon tetrachloride, d-galactosamine amd alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate, prolonged T 1/2 and Tmax of TMO, reduced the Km value and increased the AUC. These results suggest that plasma levels of TMO and DMO might be useful as an index of drug metabolizing capacity in animal and man. PMID- 7299620 TI - Anti-inflammatory testing methods: comparative evaluation of mice and rats. AB - The possibility of using mice in place of rats on the anti-inflammatory screening tests was investigated. The diversities of the responses between mice and rats on screening tests, that is, carrageenin, formalin-induced edema in the hind paw, adjuvant arthritis and cotton pellet granuloma were observed with p.o. administration of prednisolone, 0.5 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg, and indomethacin, 0.5 mg/g and 5.0 mg/kg. On the effect of these drugs on screening tests, a similar type of phenomena between rats and mice was found. Then the close-response relationships of aspirin, flufenamic acid, phenylbutazone, cyproheptadine, prednisolone and indomethacin were examined in four kinds of screening tests mentioned above. Prednisolone, indomethacin, phenylbutazone and aspirin inhibited the carrageenin, formalin-induced edema, cotton pellet granuloma and adjuvant arthritis apparently, but flufenamic acid showed no inhibition on the carrageenin and formalin-induced edema. Cyproheptadine inhibited the formalin and serotonin induced edema. We have found that mice, instead of rats, can be used for the anti inflammatory screening methods. PMID- 7299622 TI - Tissue distribution of isoniazid and its metabolites in rats. AB - Distribution of isoniazid and its metabolites was observed in the liver, kidney, lung and plasma after the subcutaneous administration of isoniazid to rats. The tissue levels of isoniazid, acetylisoniazid, acetylhydrazine, 1,2 diacetylhydrazine and hydrazine were determined by mass fragmentography using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer equipped with a multiple ion detector-peak matcher. Using the compounds labeled with a stable isotope as an internal standard, namely the isotope dilution method, made it possible to estimate trace amounts of these metabolites in the tissues. The amount of hydrazine was much less than the other hydrazines, but the metabolite which is well known as a mutagen, could be successfully detected in the tissues and plasma. The greater part of free hydrazine is formed through a direct hydrolysis of isoniazid. The isoniazid-hydrolyzing activity was found to be significantly higher in the liver homogenate. This suggested that hydrazine formation is mainly caused by hepatic hydrolysis. PMID- 7299624 TI - Pharmacological studies on iridoid compounds. III. The choleretic mechanism of iridoid compounds. AB - We made a study on choleretic property and mechanism of action of iridoid compounds as well as dehydrocholate (DHC), cholate (CA), and salicylate (SA), examining their effects on factors such as bile flow, bile acids, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3-), and their metabolites. Each sample showed a characteristic property, respectively. Genipin and patrinoside decreased biliary concentrations of bile acids, Na+, Cl-, and HCO3-, corresponding to their rapid choleretic actions which were due to bile acids independent fraction. The choleretic action of DHC is approximately twice as potent as that of CA. Their actions were due to bile acids-dependent fraction. CA gave a marked increase in Na+ concentration but DHC did not. And both compounds gave a marked diminution in Cl- concentration and weakly decreased HCO3- concentration. SA showed a weak and durable choleretic action and also gave a marked increase in HCO3- concentration. The main metabolite detected from the bile given genipin was genipin-1-O glucuronic acid (GGA). The periodical pattern of GGA level in bile was in agreement with that of genipin- induced choleretic action, and quantitatively cation, anion gap produced was nearly compensated by biliary concentration of GGA. From out various results, the choleretic mechanism of iridoid compounds is considered to be as follows: The hemiacetal moiety of them undergoes conjugation in the liver to give glucuronide. Glucuronide thus formed is secreted into the biliary tree being coupled mainly with Na+ and water is passively excreted. PMID- 7299623 TI - Disposition of creatinine and urea in bilaterally nephrectomized rats. AB - Bilaterally nephrectomized rats were used to investigate the disposition of creatinine when renal function is acutely decreased. The percentage of radioactivity recovered in the expired air in 11 hours following intravenous administration of [carbonyl-14C] creatinine immediately and 24 hours after nephrectomy was 0.54 and 3.24% respectively, and these values were significantly different (p less than 0.05). As it was considered that expiratory excretion is one of the major elimination routes in nephrectomized rats, mechanism of expiratory excretion was investigated by incubating [carbonyl-14C] creatinine with the intestinal contents of the rats chronically loaded with creatinine [carbonyl-14C] Creatinine was completely metabolized in that intestinal contents, but 14CO2 was not produced. When the mixture of the metabolites was administered orally or intravenously to chronically creatinine loaded rats, however, about 50% of the total radioactivity was excreted into the expired air in 5 hours. Furthermore, biliary excretion of the radioactivity following intravenous administration of [carbonyl-14] creatinine in the nephrectomized rats was much greater than that in normal rats. These results indicate that expiratory excretion following intravenous administration [carbonyl-14C] creatinine to nephrectomized rats would arise following intestinal absorption of the creatinine metabolites, which seem to be produced by intestinal microflora after biliary excretion of creatinine. The change of disposition for urea by bilaterally nephrectomy was also studied to compare with that for creatinine. PMID- 7299625 TI - Biomedical applications of magnetic fluids II. 1) preparation and magnetic guidance of magnetic albumin microsphere for site specific drug delivery in vivo. AB - Magnetic guidance of magnetic albumin microsphere for site specific delivery was investigated in mice and rats. After intravenous injection in mice, magnetic microspheres with 1 and 3 micrometer diameter size were localized and retained in the target-site (lung) by application of two permanent magnets to the lungs. Injection into the renal artery in rats also indicated that the 1-micrometer microspheres were concentrated in the kidney by a magnetic field. When the magnets were not applied, however, the microspheres following intravascular injection were concentrated mainly in the liver, regardless of the route of administration. Such preferential localization by magnetic means suggested that magnetic albumin microspheres could become effective drug carriers with site specificity for the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy. PMID- 7299626 TI - Cardiovascular responses to acute and subchronic treatment with oxprenolol in spontaneously hypertensive rats at rest and at stress. AB - To further examine the mechanism of antihypertensive action, effects of a single (50mg/kg) and repeated oral administration (50 mg/kg per day, for 14 days) of oxprenolol on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats at rest and during handling stress. MAP was measured through a indwelling aortic cannula and HR was determined via chronically implanted electrodes. A single oral dose of oxprenolol produced a gradual fall in resting MAP. Although repeated dose of oxprenolol did not alter the developmental course of hypertension in SHR rats, a prompt and significant fall in MAP at rest was observed after the dose on the 14th day of the experiment. A single and repeated dose of oxprenolol attenuated the increase in MAP during handling stress, but these effects were less apparent when compared to the fall in resting MAP. Significant reductions in stress-induced tachycardia were observed both after a single and repeated dose, whereas resting HR tended to increase. These results indicate that some of the postulated antihypertensive mechanisms such as central inhibition of sympathetic outflow, peripheral inhibition of sympathetic nerve functions and suppression of cardiac output are not directly related to a fall in MAP observed in SHR rats after oxprenolol treatment. Time courses of the hypotensive effect of a single and repeated doses suggest that the accumulation of oxprenolol in active sites which appear to be located in deep compartments is required to develop hypotensive effect. PMID- 7299627 TI - Effects of phenobarbital on plasma concentration of phenytoin and mortality of mice treated with phenytoin after electroshock. AB - THe effects of phenobarbital on the plasma concentration of phenytoin and mortality of the phenytoin-treated mice were mainly studied. The plasma concentration of phenytoin estimated in the live mice after electroshock was significantly higher than that in the dead mice, suggesting that biological activity of phenytoin is dependent on its plasma concentration where individual difference seems to be large. Though the pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital lowered the plasma concentration of phenytoin, all the mice were alive after electroshock with further treatment with phenobarbital and phenytoin. These results suggest that combination of phenobarbital with phenytoin for the treatment of epileptic patients may be feasible. PMID- 7299628 TI - The study on the biological fate of paraben at the dose of practical usage in rat. III. The effects of salicylic acid on the fate of ethyl paraben. AB - The biological fates of ethyl paraben were investigated after the simultaneous administration with salicylic acid. Those fates were compared with those of ethyl paraben alone obtained in the previous experiments. The biological fates of ethyl paraben after the simultaneous administration with salicylic acid were different from those of ethyl paraben alone as reported in the previous reports. The excretion of unconjugated p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is a hydrolyzed product of ethyl paraben, increased and those of p-hydroxyhippuric acid, glycine conjugate of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoyl glucuronide, its ester type glucuronide, decreased. The blood concentration patterns were considerably different from those of ethyl paraben alone, especially the elimination of every metabolite was delayed. Pharmacokinetic analyses on the data of blood concentration were carried out and the results also show the interaction of salicylic acid on the biological fate of ethyl paraben. PMID- 7299629 TI - Life events and personal causation: some relationships with satisfaction and distress. AB - The factors that generate happiness or distress in people are not well understood, nor are factors that change such states. This study attempted to show that accounting for people's sense of personal causation could provide a clear understanding of the relationship between live events, personal activity, and measures of psychological well-being. After pretesting, three randomly selected groups of college students were given instructions either to (a) engage in 12 activities from a self-selected list of pleasurable activities, (b) engage in 2 activities from that list, or (c) return after 1 month for retesting only. Covariance analyses revealed that subjects instructed to engage in either 2 or 12 pleasurable activities reported greater pleasantness and a higher quality of life than controls; there were no differences between groups on reports of psychiatric distress. Prior negative life change was treated as a factor in the design and was found to interact with the activity instructions: Subjects reporting many prior negative changes exhibited less psychiatric distress along with greater pleasantness when instructed to engage in 12 activities rather than 2 or none. The results suggested that engaging in pleasant activities increases positive aspects of well-being in general, but may reduce distress only for subjects who are experiencing considerable life stress. PMID- 7299630 TI - Dissonance and alcohol: drinking your troubles away. AB - Based on recent evidence supporting the assumption that cognitive dissonance is experienced as an unpleasant emotional state, and further evidence pertaining to the effects of drinking alcohol, it was predicted that among social drinkers, dissonance arousal would increase the amount of drinking and that drinking, in turn, would reduce dissonance and subsequent attitude change. This hypothesis was tested in the first two experiments by having subjects taste rate different brands of an alcoholic beverage--ostensibly to test taste discrimination but in fact to measure the amount of drinking--immediately after dissonance was aroused by having them write a counterattitudinal essay. The effect of drinking on dissonance reduction was assessed by measuring subjects' postattitudes immediately after the drinking task. Both experiments found that although dissonance arousal had little effect on the amount of drinking, whatever drinking occurred was sufficient to eliminate dissonance-reducing attitude change. The second experiment further established that these results occurred for light as well as heavy social drinkers. Evidence that the dissonance-reducing effect of drinking resulted form some effect of drinking alcohol was provided by the finding, in the second and third experiments, that neither water or coffee drinking was sufficient to eliminate attitude change in this paradigm. Both the practical and theoretical implications are discussed. The practical implication is that some forms of alcohol abuse may evolve through the reinforcement of drinking as a means of reducing dissonance; the theoretical implication is that dissonance may be frequently reduced through behaviors that ameliorate the feelings of dissonance without involving cognitive change. PMID- 7299631 TI - Facial, autonomic, and subjective components of emotion: the facial feedback hypothesis versus externalizer-internalizer distinction. AB - Two different models have been advanced concerning the role of facial expression in the experience of emotion. The facial feedback hypothesis states that facial expressions regulate affective experience. This position has been supported by findings that experimentally induced changes in facial expressiveness produced corresponding changes in autonomic responses and self-reports of emotion. A second model posits that expressive behavior and autonomic responses are negatively related. Evidence supporting this view consists of correlational analyses showing that facially expressive people (externalizers) exhibit less autonomic arousal than do those who are not facially expressive (internalizers). In the present study, the facial feedback hypothesis and the externalizer internalizer distinction were evaluated by manipulating facial expressiveness and measuring subsequent autonomic responses and self-reports of emotion. Results showed that higher levels of facial expressiveness were accompanied by higher levels of autonomic activity and subjective reports of affective experience. This relationship was obtained in comparisons among experimental conditions as well as correlational analyses within conditions. PMID- 7299632 TI - [Evaluation of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value as an index of lipid peroxidation in CCl4-intoxicated rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299633 TI - [A dye uptake method using cultured human cancer cells and its application to a sensitivity test for anti-cancer drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299634 TI - [Studies on the metabolism of N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)anthranilic acid (GEA 6414), a new anti-inflammatory agent. I. Urinary metabolites of GEA 6414 in human, dogs, rabbits and rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299635 TI - [Mixing of pharmaceutical powders with small-sized granules. II. Mixed state of small-sized granules and micronized powders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299636 TI - [Inhibition of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in the rat by 7-oxo prostaglandin E1 analogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299637 TI - [Studies of Aloe. I. Cathartic effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299638 TI - [Studies on antispasmodics. VII. Structure-activity relationships of N-alkyl diarylmethylenequinolizidinium bromides, N-alkyl diarylmethylene indolizidinium bromides, and related compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299639 TI - [Studies on syntheses of pyrazolone and pyrazole derivatives. VI. Isolation and identification of metabolites in rabbit urine dosing 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(N,N dimethylcarbamoyl)-5-methoxypyrazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299640 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Solanum plants. I. On the constituents of the stem parts of Solanum lyratum Thunb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299641 TI - [Purification of protoheme ferro-lyase from rat liver mitochondria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7299642 TI - Solid-state decomposition of alkoxyfuroic acids. AB - A series of alkoxyfuroic acids with alkyl lengths of n = 8-18 was synthesized, and the solid-state decomposition was studied. Bawn kinetics were adhered to, and the solid and liquid decomposition rate constants were established; they followed an Arrhenius relationship well, with energy of activations and preexponential factors being a function of the chain length. There was a break in this correlation between n = 14 and n = 16. The liquefaction points were of the expected correlation with inverse temperature. The isokinetic temperature (Ti) fell fairly well on the line demonstrated for other compound series. PMID- 7299643 TI - Quantitation of daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and their aglycones by ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography. AB - A fast and sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed for the quantitation of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and their aglycones in pharmaceutical preparations. Because its higher pH extends column life while permitting determination of impurities, this system represents an improvement over previously published methods. It utilizes a C18 bonded silica gel column and a solvent system consisting of methanol-0.01 M monobasic ammonium phosphate aqueous solution (65:35) at pH 4.0 and 1600 psi of pressure. The accuracy of the doxorubicin and daunorubicin determinations, expressed as the coefficient of variation, is 1.65 and 1.27% respectively. The aglycones can be determined with a precision of less than 1.3%. PMID- 7299644 TI - Extended Hildebrand Solubility Approach: methylxanthines in mixed solvents. AB - The solubility profiles of theobromine, theophylline, and caffeine at 25 degrees were examined in binary solvent systems including dioxane-formamide, water polyethylene glycol 400, and glycerin-propylene glycol. Theobromine solubility was studied in dioxane-water mixtures, a solvent system that was investigated earlier for the solubility of theophylline and caffeine. Solubilities were calculated in these polar systems by a regression method, based on an extension of the Hildebrand-Scatchard equation of regular solution theory. A linear relationship between the mixed solvent solubility parameter, and dielectric constant, epsilon, was introduced earlier and was confirmed in the present study. In addition, it was observed that a regression of log (activity coefficient) on epsilon in a second or higher degree polynomial provides reasonable solubility values for the methylxanthines in mixed solvents. A direct regression of molal or mole fraction (but not molar) solubility against delta 1, epsilon, or against volume percent of one or the other solvent in a binary solvent mixture provided a suitable measure of solubility for these crystalline drugs in mixed polar solvents. The drug's solubility parameter as determined from peak solubility in mixed polar solvents varied somewhat, depending on the specific solvent system employed. It is suggested that a drug may exhibit one (or more) solubility parameters in nonpolar solutions and multiple solubility parameters in polar systems. The extended solubility approach serves for the back-calculation of solubilities in mixed solvent systems, even though the solubility parameter of the solute may vary from one solvent system to the next. PMID- 7299646 TI - Effect of various vehicles and vehicle volumes on oral absorption of triamterene in rats. AB - The oral bioavailability of triamterene in rats was investigated after its administration as a suspension in lipid and aqueous vehicles in addition to lactic acid solution. Triamterene is poorly soluble in both aqueous and lipid vehicles. A 1-ml oral dose volume showed that lipid vehicles may provide some enhancement of oral availability compared with aqueous suspensions. However, when the vehicle volume was reduced to a realistic dosage form volume for the rat, peanut oil and aqueous suspensions were indistinguishable from each other with respect to peak height, peak time, and overall bioavailability. For a given vehicle small vehicle volumes resulted in a better relative oral availability than did large vehicle volumes. PMID- 7299645 TI - Degradation kinetics and mechanism of aminocephalosporins in aqueous solution: cefadroxil. AB - The degradation kinetics and mechanism of a new, orally effective cephalosporin derivative, cefadroxil, in aqueous solution were investigated at pH 2.51-11.5 at 35 degrees and ionic strength 0.5. The degradation rates were determined by high=pressure liquid chromatography. At constant pH and temperature, the degradation followed first-order kinetics and a log k-pH profile was presented. The shape of the rate-pH profile resembled that for cephalexin or cephradine under the same conditions. Citrate and phosphate buffers enhanced general acid and base catalysis of the degradation. In aqueous solution, cefadroxil was shown to degrade by three parallel reactions: (a) intramolecular aminolysis by the C-7 side-chain amino group on the beta-lactam moiety, (b) water-catalyzed or spontaneous hydrolysis, and (c) beta-lactam cleavage by the nucleophilic attack of hydroxide ion. In neutral and weak alkaline solutions, the main degradation products were two piperazine-2, 5-diones and 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H) thiophenone, the former being formed from Reaction a, while the latter arose via the degradation pathways of Reaction b and/or c. PMID- 7299647 TI - Compression properties of granulations made with binders containing different moisture contents. AB - The role of the granulation moisture content on compression properties of granules made with selected binders was studied. The results suggested that, at lower pressures, higher moisture-containing granules were slightly more compressible than lower moisture-containing granules. However, at higher pressures, the reverse was true because of the water lubrication effect. At lower moisture levels, the crushing strength of the tablets was dependent on the binder; at higher moisture levels, binder differences became less significant. PMID- 7299648 TI - Leaching of 2-(2-hydroxyethylmercapto) benzothiazole into contents of disposable syringes. AB - A contaminant was found to leach into the contents of two brands of disposable syringes. It was identified as 2-(2-hydroxyethylmercapto) benzothiazole and is believed to be formed during manufacture of the syringes as a result of a reaction between 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, a rubber vulcanization accelerator, and ethylene oxide, used for sterilization. The contaminant was isolated form the rubber plunger-seal and identified using mass, NMR, and UV spectroscopic methods. The amount of contaminant appearing in the contents of syringes was measured; up to 140 micro g was found under clinically relevant conditions. This finding has important implications with respect to the use of these syringes for drug administration and for the collection of blood for drug analyses. PMID- 7299649 TI - Antitumor agents XLII: Comparison of antileukemic activity of helenalin, brusatol, and bruceantin and their esters on different strains of P-388 lymphocytic leukemic cells. AB - Based on the fact that some known antineoplastic agents possess an ester moiety within their structure, the esters of helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone, and of brusatol and bruceantin, quassinoids, were synthesized and tested for antileukemic activity in the P-388 screen. These agents gave different T/C% values dependent on the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia strain and the host strain of mice used. Later studies demonstrated that the agents caused different degrees of inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the various P-388 strains. The higher the degree of inhibition of precursor incorporation into the nucleic acid or protein, the higher was the T/C% value obtained in a given P-388 strain. The study demonstrates the lack of consistency of P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cell lines used in various laboratories and indicates that the inbred strain of mice is a critical factor in the tolerance of drug toxicity and, thus, T/C% obtained. PMID- 7299650 TI - GLC analysis of menthol, phenol, benzocaine, and pyrilamine maleate in aerosol spray lotion. AB - A GLC method is presented for the quantitative determination of menthol, phenol, benzocaine, and pyrilamine maleate. The propellent was exhausted from a pressurized can, and an aliquot of the alcoholic base was weighed. After the addition of the internal standard diluted with chloroform, 1 microliter of the mixture was injected in the chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector and a glass column packed with 2.5% OV-225. Average recoveries were 100.3 +/- 1.4, 100.0 +/- 1.4, 101.3 +/- 1.5, and 101.5 +/- 1.5% for menthol, phenol, benzocaine, and pyrilamine maleate, respectively. PMID- 7299651 TI - Optical characterization of a low solubility organic compound. AB - The X, Y, and Z principal vibration directions along with the principal refractive indexes, optic angle, optical sign, birefringence, optical orientation, and crystal system for the low solubility compound 5-(tetradecyloxy) 2-furancarboxylic acid were determined with a polarizing microscope and spindle stage. The X and Z principal vibration directions are not coincident with the a and c crystallographic axes; however, the Y direction is considered to be coincident with the b axis. Therefore, the crystal is assigned to the monoclinic crystal system. The bladed/lath-shaped crystals rest on one of the two large orthopinacoid (100) faces and present the microscopist with a single plane of optical symmetry. A beta refractive index of 1.555 is observed with the crystal axis of elongation parallel to the polarizer, and a gamma of 1.600-1.660 is observed in the contiguous extinction position. Determination of the optic angle principal vibration directions, and principal refractive indexes was facilitated by mounting the crystals on a spindle stage for rotation about the b crystallographic axis (optic normal). PMID- 7299652 TI - Dosage form design for improvement of bioavailability of levodopa V: Absorption and metabolism of levodopa in intestinal segments of dogs. AB - Plasma levels of levodopa, total dopamine, and residual amounts of levodopa and its metabolites at the administered site were analyzed following administration of single 100-mg doses of levodopa in solution into isolated segments of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the dog. The largest area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of levodopa during the 1.0-hr study was obtained following administration in the duodenum, followed by the jejunum and ileum. In addition, the residual amounts of levodopa and its metabolites detected at the administration sites were: ileum, 23%; jejunum, 7% and duodenum, less than 1%. The largest AUC of total dopamine was obtained following administration in the jejunum, followed by the ileum and duodenum. This order was consistent with the order of levodopa decarboxylase enzyme activity reported previously. Therefore, it can be concluded that the major absorption site of levodopa in the intestine resides in the upper small intestine. Levodopa in 10-, 50-, and 100-mg doses was administered into isolated duodenal segments. The AUC of levodopa increased nonlinearly with increasing dose. Negligible amounts of both levodopa and its metabolites were observed in the segment at 1.0 hr after administration, indicating that the duodenal absorption of levodopa was not saturable within the dose range tested. PMID- 7299653 TI - Blood collection technique: no effect on in vitro protein binding of prednisolone. AB - The effect of the blood collection vessel and systemic heparin administration on in vitro protein binding of prednisolone was examined in blood collected from human subjects. No differences in the fractional binding of prednisolone were found in plasma from plain glass culture tubes, heparinized culture tubes, and two types of red- and green-top commercial vacuum tubes. Thus, these blood collection techniques do not alter serum or plasma albumin and transcortin binding of prednisolone. PMID- 7299655 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of tolbutamide and carboxytolbutamide in human plasma. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous measurement of tolbutamide and its major metabolite, carboxytolbutamide, in plasma. The assay involves the ether extraction of 1 ml of plasma, using chlorpropamide and an internal standard. The extract is dried, the residue is taken up in acetonitrile, and 5 micro l is injected into a reversed phase column. The mobile phase consisted of 35% acetonitrile and 65% 0.05 M phosphoric acid buffer (pH 3.9). A fixed-wavelength detector was set at 254 nm. The sensitivity limits for the tolbutamide and carboxytolbutamide assay were 2 and 0.1 microgram/ml, respectively. The ratio of carboxytolbutamide to tolbutamide in plasma obtained from a subject given a 500-mg tolbutamide tablet was 1:20. PMID- 7299654 TI - Sodium chloride equivalents, cryoscopic properties, and hemolytic effects of certain medicinals in aqueous solution IV: Supplemental values. AB - A supplemental table of sodium chloride equivalents and freezing-point depressions at various concentration for 29 substances in aqueous solution is presented. Also listed is the isosmotic concentration of each material that can form such a solution. The degree of hemolysis of human erythrocytes was determined in 12 different isosmotic solutions, and the data are presented to supplement the previously published values. While four isosmotic solutions prevented hemolysis, eight other did not. PMID- 7299656 TI - Human blood preservation: effect on in vitro protein binding. AB - In vitro plasma protein binding for phenytoin, meperidine, and bretylium tosylate was affected by the type of preserved human blood used for its estimation. Fresh heparinized plasma and serum gave equivalent fractions bound at the concentrations studied for all three drugs. However, the in vitro plasma binding of phenytoin and meperidine decreased 9-50% when estimated in fresh citrated plasma or commercially available lyophylized human serum at the concentration levels investigated. The fraction of bretylium tosylate bound to plasma protein decreased 30-40% when estimated in fresh citrated plasma but was unchanged when estimated in the lyophylized human serum. PMID- 7299657 TI - Phenobarbital solubility in propylene glycol-glycerol-water systems. AB - Phenobarbital solubility in various binary and ternary propylene glycol-glycerol water solvent systems was determined. Phenobarbital concentrations several times those of the ethanol-containing USP and BPC elixirs were obtained. From log solubility-solvent composition plots, a general equation was developed for phenobarbital solubility prediction in propylene glycol-water, glycerol-water, and propylene glycol-glycerol-water solvent systems. Solubility predictions using another equation, based on linear log solubility-dielectric constant relationships, were limited by the need to use different constants for different solvent blends. Heats of solution for phenobarbital determined in selected solvent blends as well as in USP and BPC elixirs varied within a very narrow range, suggesting similar solute-solvent interactions. PMID- 7299658 TI - Single-point maintenance dose prediction: role of interindividual differences in clearance and volume of distribution in choice of sampling time. PMID- 7299659 TI - Correlation of water solubility with octanol-water partition coefficient. PMID- 7299660 TI - Correlation of water solubility with octanol-water partition coefficient: a response. PMID- 7299661 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sustained serum methotrexate concentrations secondary to gastrointestinal obstruction. AB - A physiological pharmacokinetic model for methotrexate was refined and used to simulate serum methotrexate concentrations after high dose (5000 mg/m2) intravenous infusions with fixed normal values for all model parameters except the GI transit rate. There was good agreement between simulated and measured values when model simulations with the normal GI transit rate were compared to values measured following 109 doses administered to 27 patients with normal GI function. When model simulations were performed using GI transit rates representing 75, 50 and 10% of normal, there was a marked prolongation of the terminal serum methotrexate half-life, which was directly related to the reduction in the transit rate. When simulations were performed with GI transit reduced by 50%, the maximum amount of methotrexate in the GI lumen was 25% higher and occurred 4 hr later. Model simulations of serum methotrexate concentrations, using a GI transit rate reduced by 50%, were also in good agreement with serum concentrations measured in two patients with partial GI obstruction. These data establish a pharmacokinetic basis for previous clinical observations indicating sustained serum methotrexate concentrations in patients with GI obstructions and exemplify the utility of physiological pharmacokinetic models in assessing the potential effects of clinical variables on drug disposition. PMID- 7299662 TI - Concentration of perfluorohexyl bromide in dog plasma and selected tissues. AB - Beagle dogs received single perfluorohexyl bromide doses, either 30.2 g/kg po or 3.8 g/kg intratracheally. The apparent first-order plasma half-life during the terminal elimination phase was approximately 8 hr after oral treatment and greater than 8 hr after intratracheal administration. Tissue analysis showed the highest mean concentration of the compound in abdominal fat 1 week after intratracheal administration. One dog had detectable levels in abdominal fat 4 weeks after treatment by either administration route. PMID- 7299663 TI - Dose-dependent protein binding and disposition of prednisolone in rabbits. AB - An animal model was sought that would mimic humans with regard to the dose dependent pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. Four rabbits were each given 0.5 and 10 mg iv of prednisolone, and timed blood samples were obtained. Plasma prednisolone and prednisone concentrations were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and protein binding was assessed using equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees. Increases in the systemic clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, mean residence time (in three of four rabbits), and variance of residence time occurred as dose was increased. As in humans, prednisolone was partly converted to prednisone in the rabbit. Transcortin and albumin concentrations and their affinity constants for binding prednisolone were also similar to humans. PMID- 7299664 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of anthralin in ointments. AB - Anthralin concentration was determined in different ointments by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and results were compared with those of the USP assay technique. Significant differences existed between the claimed and the actual levels of anthralin in some preparations. Varying quantities of anthralin breakdown products were found, and their concentrations appear to be related to the nature of the formulation. PMID- 7299665 TI - Hydration and percutaneous absorption II: Influence of hydration on water and alkanol permeation through Swiss mouse skin; comparison with hairless mouse. AB - In vitro permeation studies with biological membranes often involve long, aqueous maceration of the tissue. The present investigation examined the possible effects of hydration on barrier integrity of Swiss mouse skin; using water, methanol, ethanol, and butanol as permeants and a previously developed procedure involving multiple, sequential permeation runs on each piece of skin. The permeation rate of water increased almost linearly up to 30 hr of hydration and then tended to level off. Transport rates of methanol and ethanol increased asymptotically and then plateaued at approximately 15 hr. These results contrast with earlier findings on hairless mouse skin where the permeabilities of these three compounds were unaffected by aqueous immersion. The permeation rate of butanol also increased during the first 15 hr of hydration but gradually declined over the next 25 hr. This result again contrasts with the hairless mouse species in which butanol permeability doubled in 10 hr and then plateaued. The species differences in the hydration profiles appear related to the vastly dissimilar pellages and, in the Swiss mouse, may indicate greater involvement of the transfollicular pathway. PMID- 7299666 TI - Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of lidocaine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine injectable solutions. AB - A reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure, which is specific and quantitative for lidocaine hydrochloride, epinephrine, and methylparaben, was developed for the analysis of lidocaine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine solutions for injection. Epinephrine sulfonic acid and adrenochrome are separated in this system. Also separated are lidocaine and methylparaben and their respective degradation products, 2-6 xylidine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The analysis requires that three detectors (two UV and one electrochemical) be connected in series. By using this arrangement, lidocaine hydrochloride and methylparaben are quantitated by UV at 254 and 280 nm, respectively, while epinephrine is quantitated electrochemically. The method is simple, accurate, precise, and rapid. No sample preparation or internal standard is necessary, and only a 2-microliter sample volume is required for analysis. Chromatographic conditions include a mu Bondapak CN column and a mobile phase of 0.01 M 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 0.1 mM edetate disodium, 2% acetic acid, 2% acetonitrile, and 1% methanol in water. PMID- 7299667 TI - GC and GC-mass spectrometric determination of p-hydroxyphenobarbital extracted from plasma, urine, and hepatic microsomes. AB - Analytical methodology was developed for the quantitation of p hydroxyphenobarbital extracted from plasma, urine, and hepatic microsomes. p Hydroxyphenobarbital was derivatized with an appropriate n-alkyl iodide in the presence of a methanolic base in aprotic solvent medium. The peralkylated derivatives were stable indefinitely and were quantitated by the sensitive and selective method of GC nitrogen-selective detection and/or selected ion monitoring. The accuracy, precision, and cross verification of all methods were good. The analysis was subsequently used to study the effects of other drugs on phenobarbital biodisposition. PMID- 7299668 TI - Solubility behavior of phenolic compounds in hexane-ethyl acetate, hexane-ethyl myristate, and hexane-ethyl pivalate cosolvent systems. AB - Interactions of phenolic compounds 4-hexylresorcinol and 3,4-dimethylphenol with esters were studied using hexane-ester cosolvent systems by both phase solubility and partitioning methods. The data obtained by the phase solubility method were variable and could not be analyzed by any mathematical model. The data obtained by the partitioning method, however, strongly suggest that 4-hexylresorcinol forms 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with the esters in hexane, while 3,4-dimethylphenol forms only 1:1 complexes with the same esters. PMID- 7299670 TI - Theoretical comparison of release rates of drugs into sink and nonsink conditions. PMID- 7299669 TI - Distribution, metabolism, and elimination of phenobarbital in rats: physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. AB - The distribution, metabolism, and elimination kinetics at two different doses of phenobarbital were examined in rats. After intravenous injection, phenobarbital distributed very rapidly to the liver and kidneys, less rapidly to the muscle and gut, and much more slowly to the brain. At the higher dose, a concentration rebound was observed 1 hr after injection. In addition, phenobarbital distributed unevenly in various organs as a result of a different extent of drug binding. A physiologically based model, including enterohepatic cycling and diffusion resistances between blood and tissue, is proposed for phenobarbital pharmacokinetics. It satisfactorily describes phenobarbital distribution in rats at the two doses and allows an evaluation of fundamental physicobiochemical parameters such as drug-tissue binding constants, blood-tissue transport coefficients, metabolism, and elimination rate constants. PMID- 7299671 TI - Physicochemical and analytical characteristics of itanoxone. PMID- 7299672 TI - Interaction of povidone with aromatic compounds II: Evaluation of ionic strength, buffer concentration, temperature, and pH by factorial analysis. AB - The interaction of a series of ligand molecules, all consisting of substituted benzoic and nicotinic acid derivatives, and povidone was studied. The influence of ionic strength, buffer concentration, and temperature was evaluated using factorial analysis. Complex formation was not affected at low ionic strength, but increased considerably at higher values due to dehydration of the macromolecule. Complex formation was enhanced in phosphate solutions, particularly in the presence of dibasic phosphate ions. A linear relationship was found between the logarithm of the percentage of bound ligand and ionic strength and buffer capacity. Increasing the temperature lowered complex formation. Although dehydration of the macromolecule also occurred, the decrease in complex formation could be attributed to the solubility increase of the ligand molecules. The influence of the degree of dissociation of the ligand molecules was investigated by factorial analysis. The compounds mainly interacted to a lesser extent in the dissociated than in the nondissociated state. In addition, a negative effect of a pyridine ring with respect to a phenyl ring was observed. The binding tendency was markedly increased by substituting the aromatic ring structure with hydroxyl functions and by esterification of the carboxyl function attached to the ring. The results suggested that lipophilicity and hydrogen bonding played a predominant role in povidone complexation. PMID- 7299673 TI - Extended Hansen solubility approach: naphthalene in individual solvents. AB - A multiple regression method using Hansen partial solubility parameters, delta D, delta p, and delta H, was used to reproduce the solubilities of naphthalene in pure polar and nonpolar solvents and to predict its solubility in untested solvents. The method, called the extended Hansen approach, was compared with the extended Hildebrand solubility approach and the universal-functional-group activity-coefficient (UNIFAC) method. The Hildebrand regular solution theory was also used to calculate naphthalene solubility. Naphthalene, an aromatic molecule having no side chains or functional groups, is "well-behaved', i.e., its solubility in active solvents known to interact with drug molecules is fairly regular. Because of its simplicity, naphthalene is a suitable solute with which to initiate the difficult study of solubility phenomena. The three methods tested (Hildebrand regular solution theory was introduced only for comparison of solubilities in regular solution) yielded similar results, reproducing naphthalene solubilities within approximately 30% of literature values. In some cases, however, the error was considerably greater. The UNIFAC calculation is superior in that it requires only the solute's heat of fusion, the melting point, and a knowledge of chemical structures of solute and solvent. The extended Hansen and extended Hildebrand methods need experimental solubility data on which to carry out regression analysis. The extended Hansen approach was the method of second choice because of its adaptability to solutes and solvents from various classes. Sample calculations are included to illustrate methods of predicting solubilities in untested solvents at various temperatures. The UNIFAC method was successful in this regard. PMID- 7299674 TI - Thermodynamic dependence of interfacial transfer kinetics of nonionized barbituric acid derivatives in two-phase transfer cell. AB - A theory was developed to describe interfacial transport kinetics of a series of drug homologs in a two-phase transfer cell. When tested, the theory held true for 5,5-disubstituted barbituric acid derivatives in a preequilibrated octan-1-ol = (pH 5) aqueous buffer system maintained at 37 degrees and stirred symmetrically at 50 and 100 rpm. Theoretical prediction of transfer kinetics was not possible in such a cell if the phases were stirred asymmetrically. For symmetric stirring, successful prediction of the transfer kinetics of any homolog in the series was possible from a knowledge of the partition coefficient and transfer kinetics of the parent compound, the partition coefficient of the homolog, and some easily determined system variables. The viscosity and density of the two phases and the phase-volume ratio were needed to define a system constant dependent on the solute diffusion coefficient, interfacial area, donor phase volume, and the boundary layer thickness for diffusion in the donor phase volume, and the boundary layer thickness for diffusion in the donor phase. A method is described to enable estimation of this constant from a knowledge of the transfer kinetics of the parent compound. The rank order of compounds in terms of their observed first-order transfer rate constants is shown to be dependent on the characteristics of the solvent system and stirring conditions employed, as well as on the physical chemistry of the solutes. The results are discussed in light of previously documented investigations. PMID- 7299675 TI - Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate in rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, and baboon. AB - At 2 min after intravenous injection of isosorbide dinitrate (1 mg/kg), mean plasma drug concentrations were 565 +/- 66 (SD), 586 +/- 43, and 1572 +/- 253 ng/ml in the rhesus monkey, cynomolgus monkey, and baboon, respectively. Following a relatively short distribution phase, mean plasma concentrations declined with half-lives of 62, 23, and 24 min in these three species, respectively. The time course of plasma concentrations could be described by a two-compartment open model, although a one-compartment open model was adequate for obtaining some pharmacokinetic parameters. Statistically significant differences among the species were observed in areas under the plasma concentration-time curves, plasma half-lives, and volumes of distribution. The pharmacokinetics kinetics of isosorbide dinitrate in baboons most closely resembled those in humans. PMID- 7299676 TI - Rapid and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for folic acid in multivitamin-mineral pharmaceutical preparations. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for folic acid in multivitamin mineral pharmaceutical formulations was developed. The internal standard solution used for sample extraction contained a chelating agent, pentetic acid, for prevention of metal ion-catalyzed degradation of folic acid in th prepared samples. Samples were chromatographed using a paired-ion mobile phase (water methanol, approximately 76:24; 0.015 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0; and 0.3% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide) on a column packed with octadecylsilane bonded to microparticulate silica gel. Sample preparation was rapid, and total chromatographic time was approximately 20 min. The method was accurate, precise, and highly specific. Folic acid and the internal standard, methylparaben, were separated from other tablet components and a number of potential impurities and degradation products of folic acid. PMID- 7299677 TI - Determination of plasma fentanyl by GC-mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic analysis. AB - GC-mass spectrometry was used to measure extremely low levels of fentanyl in dog plasma. Deuterated fentanyl was synthesized for use as an internal standard. Fentanyl was hydrolyzed to despropionyl fentanyl by 20% DCl in in deuterium oxide. Mass spectrometric analysis of the product revealed that the molecular ion was three mass units higher than that of the authentic despropionyl fentanyl, indicating that the deuterium exchange reactions occurred at this stage. Deuterated despropionyl fentanyl was reesterified by propionyl chloride to fentanyl-d3. The drug was assayed in biological fluids by extraction into ethyl acetate followed by analysis with GC-chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. The lowest measurable plasma fentanyl level is 500 pg/ml. The method is highly selective and is suitable for monitoring the time course of plasma drug levels. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic data from experiments using nine dogs revealed a triphasic phenomenon. No measurable amounts of the major metabolites, depropionyl fentanyl and norfentanyl, were detected. PMID- 7299679 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous chlorpheniramine in children. AB - The disposition of chlorpheniramine was examined in seven children, 6-14 years of age, following a 0.1 mg/kg iv dose. Postinjection serum chlorpheniramine levels in each subject declined biexponentially, with the greatest intersubject variability occurring in the initial distribution of the drug. The volume of distribution at steady state ranged from 1.20 to 5.46 liters/kg. The chlorpheniramine serum clearance varied approximately twofold (234-470 ml/hr/kg) and generally decreased with age. The chlorpheniramine elimination half-life in children (mean of 9.6 hr) appeared shorter than that in adults, probably due to higher chlorpheniramine serum clearance in children. PMID- 7299678 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of guanazole prodrugs as antineoplastic agents. PMID- 7299680 TI - Application of one-phase end-point change system in two-phase titration to amine drug analysis. AB - A titration method was developed for the determination of diphenhydramine, quinine, neostigmine, sparteine, strychnine, homatropine, atropine, physostigmine, and procaine in aqueous solution. Tetraphenylborate was used as a titrant with tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester as an indicator in the presence of organic solvent. End-point detection was based on the color change of the indicator in the organic phase without movement of the indicator from one phase to the other. PMID- 7299681 TI - Measurement of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride dissolution using chloride-ion electrode. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the suitability of using a chloride-ion electrode for the measurement of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride dissolution from commercially available compressed tablets. Dissolution experiments were carried out in 500 ml of distilled water using the USP paddle method at 100 rpm. Both chloride ion and pseudoephedrine (UV spectrophotometry) were measured at six different sampling times. Percent dissolved versus time values were linearized on a log-normal probability basis. The slopes of individual lines obtained from the chloride and pseudoephedrine measurements were compared using a Student t test and did not differ significantly (t = 0.415, df = 5, p greater than 0.05). In addition to providing an efficient, inexpensive, and simple method for measuring pseudoephedrine hydrochloride dissolution rates, the chloride-ion electrode could be used in the measurement of dissolution rates for a wide variety of drugs available as hydrochloride salts. PMID- 7299682 TI - Synthesis of 4,4-ditritio-(+)-nicotine: comparative binding and distribution studies with natural enantiomer. AB - The preparation of 4,4-ditritio-(+)-nicotine (Vb) (specific activity 10.3 Ci/mmole)from (+)-nicotine (Ib) via (-) 4,4-dibromocotinine (IIIb) is described. Although Ib is 10-30 times less potent than (-)-nicotine (Ia) in the CNS, its binding affinity for the crude mitochondrial or nuclear fraction of whole rat brain is only three times less than that of Ia. However, distribution studies showed that the maximum brain levels of (-)-[3H] nicotine are nearly twice those of (+)-[3H]-nicotine following administration of a 2-micrograms/kg dose. Binding affinity and disposition of the stereoisomers account for a portion of the pharmacological stereospecificity of nicotine. PMID- 7299683 TI - Determination of hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin by ion-pair extraction with chlorpromazine. AB - A sensitive method based on ion-pair extraction is described for the quantification of hematoporphyrin and protoporphyrin using chlorpromazine as an ion-pair-forming agent. Extraction of the ion-pair in chloroform is obtained quickly at an optimum pH of 6.5 for hematoporphyrin and 6.5-6.8 for protoporphyrin, giving an excellent recovery of the porphyrin. A stoichiometric relationship of 1:2 between porphyrin and chlorpromazine is proved. Cyanocobalamin and liver extract do not interfere with the assay. PMID- 7299684 TI - Area under the plasma concentration-time curve resulting from constant-rate drug input. PMID- 7299685 TI - Kinetic study on rapid reaction of trinitrobenzenesulfonate with human serum albumin. PMID- 7299686 TI - Inhibition of intestinal secretion in the dog: a new approach for the management of diarrheal states. PMID- 7299687 TI - Sex-dependent metabolism and biliary excretion of [2,4-14C] dinitrotoluene in isolated perfused rat livers. AB - The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is higher in male rats fed 35 mg of dinitrotoluene (DNT) per kg than in female rats fed the same dose. Sex differences in DNT disposition and/or metabolism may account for this difference. This study characterized the metabolism and biliary excretion of 2,4-DNT in male and female isolated perfused rat livers. Livers from both sexes displayed a capacity for oxidation, reduction, acetylation and conjugation of 2,4-DNT (or its metabolites). Oxidation of 2,4-DNT to 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol followed by glucuronidation to 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol glucuronide (DNBalcG) was the major route of 2,4-DNT metabolism in both sexes. Formation of DNBalcG accounted for 10 to 30% of the total initial 2,4-DNT concentration in perfusates. After perfusion with 20 microM 2,4-DNT, male livers excreted larger quantities of DNBalcG in the bile (392 nmol) than female livers (172 nmol); at the same 2,4-DNT concentration, perfusates from female livers contained over 3 times as much DNBalcG as male perfusates. These data suggested that female livers transported DNBalcG into the bile at slower rates than male livers. The transport of DNBalcG into the bile of male, but not female, livers appeared to be saturated after perfusion with 20 micro M 2,4-DNT. No sex differences in the hepatic macromolecular covalent binding were observed after perfusion of livers with either 20 or 70 micro M 2,4 DNT. These data suggest that the major difference in the in vitro metabolism of 2,4-DNT between male and female rats is the larger quantities of DNBalcG excreted in the bile of male rats than female rats. PMID- 7299688 TI - A microelectrophysiological analysis of the pharmacodynamic basis for quinidine propranolol antiarrhythmic potentiation. PMID- 7299689 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and renal handling of zomepirac in rhesus monkeys. AB - The pharmacokinetics and renal handling of zomepirac, a new analgesic agent, were studied in rhesus monkeys. Single oral 5, 10 and 40 mg/kg doses were administered to fasted male and female rhesus monkeys. After the 40 mg/kg dose, about 2.5-fold higher peak zomepirac plasma concentrations and area under the curve were observed that predicted from the lower doses and plasma clearance decreased from 4.6 to 1.8 ml/min/kg. Because zomepirac is a weak acid and is a substrate for the renal tubular acid transport system, the possible role of concentration-dependent renal clearance was evaluated. Renal clearance of zomepirac averted only 0.007 ml/min/kg and was concentration independent. Essentially all of the plasma clearance was accounted for by formation of the glucuronide conjugate of zomepirac, which was subsequently excreted in the urine. These findings, when placed in perspective with other data, indicate that the nonlinear kinetics of zomepirac in fasted rhesus monkeys are probably due to saturation of metabolism. PMID- 7299690 TI - Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of misonidazole and desmethylmisonidazole in the isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Dose-dependent elimination of misonidazole (MISO) and its metabolite desmethylmisonidazole (DESMISO) were investigated in the isolated perfused rat liver and saturation kinetics were observed for both compounds. The simplest model which accurately described the DESMISO clearance from the perfusate consisted of a saturable elimination pathway (Vmax 3 = 32 nmol/min, Km3 = 11 micro M) in parallel with a first-order pathway [CL5 (clearance) = 0.21 ml/min]. A similar model was constructed for MISO (Vmax2 = 110 nmol/min, Km2 = 10 micro M, CL4 = 0.36 ml/min), but required an additional saturable pathway (Vmax1 = 226 nmol/min, Km1 = 1850 micro M) to characterize the generation of DESMISO, as suggested by in vitro microsomal studies. A good correlation was demonstrated between DESMISO perfusate concentrations (generated during the course of MISO perfusion) and simulations based on the MISO model which included the microsomal data. The MISO and DESMISO models demonstrate that the relative contributions of the different pathways for MISO and DESMISO elimination are strongly concentration-dependent and that the MISO leads to DESMISO pathway is a minor route. A qualitative similarity in saturation kinetics was observed in the disappearance curves for both MISO and DESMISO from the liver perfusate. MISO In combination with an excess of DESMISO resulted in a marked decrease in the clearance rate of MISO from the liver perfusate. This observation suggest that MISO and DESMISO are metabolized along similar pathways. PMID- 7299691 TI - Differential effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin in the regional circulation of the dog. AB - The effects of indomethacin and ibuprofen on aortic blood pressure and regional vascular resistances were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. In the mesenteric vascular bed, indomethacin produced severe, acute vasoconstriction when administered by i.v. infusion as well as by i.a. injections. Tachyphylaxis developed rapidly to this response. In contrast. ibuprofen did not alter mesenteric blood flow even when a large (50 mg) i.v. bolus was rapidly injected. The mesenteric vasoconstrictor response to indomethacin was not modified when prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited or in the presence of cyproheptadine. Phentolamine exerted only a minor influence on the mesenteric vascular effect of indomethacin. The effects of indomethacin and ibuprofen on aortic blood pressure and renal blood flow were similar. Both agents increased aortic pressure and decreased renal blood flow a small but significant amount, but these responses occurred slowly and were probably not related to the acute mesenteric vasoconstricting effect or indomethacin. The present study demonstrates that these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents have different effects on the mesenteric vascular bed and the data suggest that the vasoconstricting effects of indomethacin are not related to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the intestine. The data also suggest that the acute vasoconstriction in the mesenteric circulation produced by indomethacin is not mediated to a significant degree by local release of alpha adrenergic agents or serotonin. PMID- 7299692 TI - Comparative interaction of sulfinpyrazone and phenylbutazone with racemic warfarin: alteration in vivo of free fraction of plasma warfarin. AB - Sulfinpyrazone and phenylbutazone cause stereoselective alterations in the metabolic clearance of racemic warfarin in man. To determine if these drugs additionally displace warfarin from its binding sites in vivo free fractions of plasma warfarin were measured by equilibrium dialysis. Single doses of racemic warfarin, 1.5 mg/kgb.wt., were administered to eight normal humans. Six subjects received 300 mg orally of phenybutazone daily, beginning 3 days before warfarin and continuing throughout hypoprothrombinemia. Six subjects in separate experiments received 400 mg orally of sulfinpyrazone daily by the same schedule. Free warfarin of every subject's plasma was measure by equilibrium dialysis; trace amounts of [14C] racemic warfarin were added to each sample. The free fraction increased from 1.09% for warfarin alone to 1.46% (34%) during concurrent phenylbutazone (P less than .001). Free warfarin was unaltered by sulfinpyrazone, 1.08%. As the lack of effect of sulfinpyrazone on free warfarin enantiomorphs, the experiments were repeated with them. Sulfinpyrazone had no significant effect on the free fraction of either S-warfarin or R-warfarin. Sulfinpyrazone augmented the hypoprothrombinemia of racemic warfarin by steroselectively altering its metabolic clearance;phenylbutazone additionally displaced albumin-bound warfarin. PMID- 7299693 TI - Modulation of the stimulation-evoked release of [3H]dopamine in the rabbit retina. PMID- 7299694 TI - Effects of papaverine on Ca++-dependent action potentials in guinea-pig myocardium depolarized by potassium. AB - Ventricular and atrial tissues isolated from guinea-pig hearts were depolarized by exposure to 22 mM K+ to study the effects of papaverine on the Ca++-mediated slow inward current (Isi). Papaverine at 5 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-5) M caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the threshold current required to excite the field-stimulated tissues and an enhancement of action potential amplitude, action potential duration and maximum rate of depolarization of the Ca++-dependent action potentials. In ventricular preparations, 5 x 10(-5) and 10(-4) M papaverine invariably induced rhythmic spontaneous activity that was abolished by verapamil. It is proposed that the membranal electrical effects of papaverine in the K+-depolarized myocardium are caused by an enhancement of Isi and a decrease in K+ conductance. However, at the highest concentration studied (10(-4) M), papaverine inhibited Isi in atrial tissue, demonstrating that papaverine exerts another action on Isi opposite to that observed at lower concentrations. PMID- 7299695 TI - Concentration-dependence of disopyramide binding to plasma protein and its influence on kinetics and dynamics. AB - Disopyramide binds to two independent sites on protein in human plasma. The first binding site located on alpha-1-acid glycoprotein has an association and a capacity constant of 1.0 x 10(6) M-1 and 3.5 x 10(-6) M, respectively, and accounts for the majority of disopyramide binding. The second site is probably located on albumin and accounts for 5 to 10% of the binding. The bound fraction of disopyramide was concentration-dependent at drug concentrations reported to be therapeutic. After administration of 100, 150, 200 and 300 mg doses of disopyramide (Norpace) to each of four human volunteers, the area under the free (unbound) disopyramide serum-concentration time curve averaged 2.32, 3.33, 5.21 and 8.24 mg/l. hr, respectively, and was directly proportional to dose. The elimination half-lives based on free and total drug concentrations averaged 4.36 and 6.51 hr, respectively (P less than .001), and were dose-independent. The peak response (change in pre-ejection period) and area under the response time curves were better related to free than to total serum concentrations of disopyramide. PMID- 7299696 TI - Adrenergic nerve-blocking activity of a new guanidine derivative. AB - The effects of 4-7-exo-methylene-hexahydroisoindoline-ethyl guanidine hemisulfate (no. 865-123) on norepinephrine release were investigated in the perfused spleen on the cat. No. 865-123 irreversibly blocked the release of norepinephrine evoked by nerve stimulation. Tetraethylammonium, 4-amino-pyridine and guanidine readily reversed this inhibitory effect, and the norepinephrine output was nearly tripled after repeated stimulation of the nerves. On subsequent perfusion with Krebs' solution without any drugs, the inhibitory effect of no. 865-123 partially reappeared. Perfusion pressure responses followed the same pattern as release except during the final perfusion period with Krebs' solution. It is suggested that tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine and guanidine allow greater than normal amounts of calcium to accumulate inside the adrenergic nerve terminals during an action potential to reverse no. 865-123 blockade of norepinephrine release. PMID- 7299697 TI - Effects of 4-aminopyridine on the adrenergic nerve terminals of rabbit arteries. AB - Adrenergic nerves of the rabbit pulmonary artery and aorta were stimulated by electrical pulses (0.3 or 5 msec duration) and also by nicotine. The effects of 4 aminopyridine (4-AP), a potassium channel inhibitor, were investigated on contractile responses of these arteries or on 3H-efflux from [3H]norepinephrine treated pulmonary artery in response to these stimuli. Tetrodotoxin (0.1-0.3 micro M) abolished the contractions and the 3H-efflux induced by an electrical pulse of 0.3 msec duration, but not the adrenergic responses induced by a pulse of 5 msec duration or by nicotine. The adrenergic responses to an electrical pulse of 5 msec (with tetrodotoxin) or nicotine were inhibited by guanethidine (10 micro M) or removal of the extracellular calcium. Thus, a short electrical pulse indirectly stimulates the adrenergic nerve terminals through conducted action potentials, whereas a long pulse or nicotine stimulates directly the terminals. 4-AP in concentrations over 10 micro M markedly augmented the adrenergic responses to these two electrical stimuli. The adrenergic response induced by nicotine was little affected by 4-AP in concentrations up to 100 micro M. At 300 micro M, 4-AP, the concentration-contraction curve of nicotine, shifted to the right and 3H-efflux was markedly reduced. This inhibitory effect of 4-AP on the contraction was not affected by alterations in the concentrations of extracellular calcium. 4-AP did not affect the responses to exogenously applied norepinephrine. These results indicate that 4-AP has inhibitory effects on nicotinic receptors of adrenergic nerve terminals and that nicotine releases norepinephrine in a manner which differs from the release seen with electrical stimulation. PMID- 7299698 TI - Mode of action of prilocaine on sarcoplasmic reticulum in skinned skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Single fibers were isolated from the semitendinosus muscle of a frog and the skinned fibers were prepared by the removal of the sarcolemma. In the range of several millimolar concentrations, prilocaine caused a contracture of the single fibers in both polarized and depolarized states. It also induced Ca++ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and depressed Ca++ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Prilocaine increased the release of Ca++ with increasing concentration, but, unlike caffeine, prilocaine could not enhance the Ca++ induced Ca++ release mechanism of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Like a depolarization-induced Ca++ release, the prilocaine-induced Ca++ release was not inhibited by Mg++, whereas it was inhibited by sucrose. The Ca++ release induced with prilocaine occurred only immediately after the application; thereafter the Ca++ release mechanism seemed to be inactivated by the prolonged presence of the drug. A similar inactivation in the mechanism of prilocaine-induced Ca++ release also occurred when the extent of depolarization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane increased. These results suggest that the mode of action of prilocaine on the sarcoplasmic reticulum could be a depolarization-like action. PMID- 7299699 TI - Inhibition of rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase by carbon tetrachloride. AB - Current data suggests that aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation possess substantial cytotoxic properties. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a potent stimulator of hepatic lipid peroxidation, was tested for possible effects on hepatocellular aldehyde metabolism. CCl4 (1 ml/kg) produced an elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase activity, hepatic fatty infiltration, centrilobular necrosis and significant decreases in the content of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. Concurrently, the aldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.3) activity of mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions was significantly depressed. The lower Km aldehyde dehydrogenase located in the mitochondria showed the largest degree of inhibition (46%). An in vitro system which contained the low Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase was employed to determine the role of microsomal lipid peroxidation in the inhibition of the enzyme. Aldehyde dehydrogenase was shown to be extremely sensitive to inhibition under conditions of NADPH or NADPH and CCl4-stimulated lipid peroxidation. Reduced glutathione (6 mM) provided complete protection of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity under conditions of NADPH-stimulated lipid peroxidation but could not protect activity loss during CCl4-stimulated microsomal lipid peroxidation. The degree of enzyme activity loss related well with the amount of thiobarbituric reacting substances present in the incubation mixture. These findings show that CCl4 decreases the activity of the aldehyde oxidizing enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase. This effect may accentuate cytotoxic effects of reactive aldehydic products generated during lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7299700 TI - Trace elements in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7299701 TI - Open cranio-cerebral injuries. PMID- 7299702 TI - Indications for extracranial to intracranial arterial bypass operation. PMID- 7299703 TI - Occurrence of infections and its relationship to hemogram in patients with acute leukaemia. PMID- 7299704 TI - Comparison of trimethoprim in combination with sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of respiratory infections. PMID- 7299706 TI - Infective endocarditis: an enigma of diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7299705 TI - Aetiological aspects of lung abscess. PMID- 7299707 TI - Management of fistula in ano. PMID- 7299708 TI - Congenital disorders of fibrinogen. PMID- 7299709 TI - Relapsing tetanus (a case report). PMID- 7299710 TI - Tube-bouginage technic in the management of urethral stone (case reports). PMID- 7299711 TI - Extracranial to intracranial bypass (a case report). PMID- 7299712 TI - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a case of renal failure. PMID- 7299713 TI - Charcot's elbow (a case report). PMID- 7299715 TI - Social support and the risk of maternal rejection by adolescent mothers. AB - A sample of 50 mothers were used to test the hypothesis that variations in amounts, sources, and kinds of support would be related to maternal rejection as measured by the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. The results indicate that both emotional support and the total amount of support received have an inverse relationship with maternal rejection. Relatives and a partner or spouse were found to be the most important sources of support. It was concluded that when young mothers are isolated from a supportive social environment their children run a greater risk of maternal rejection. PMID- 7299714 TI - The Pulfrich effect: filtering portions of both eyes. AB - This study investigated apparent depth and pattern using four conditions of hemiretinal filtering with 19 male and five female college-student SS. The results for both the depth and pattern of pendulum movement challenge the adequacy of the long-standing latency hypothesis. Apparent depth occurred without simultaneous stimulation disparity and smooth figure-8 patterns resulted only when the stimulation disparity was induced for both cortical hemispheres. The findings suggest independence of depth and pattern processing in the central nervous system and underscore the importance of viewing perception as an active constructive process. PMID- 7299716 TI - Reliability in the use of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale for educable mentally retarded adolescents. AB - The Tennessee Self Concept Scale was administered in a 10-week test-retest situation to 39 educable mentally retarded adolescents. Low to moderate reliability coefficients indicated the need for more extensive normative information and for caution in evaluation of test scores in the study of EMR adolescents' self-concept. The obtained coefficients suggest the possibility that the self-concept of individual EMR adolescents is a more variable psychological characteristic than has been previously indicated in the research literature and that this variability needs to be more carefully assessed. PMID- 7299717 TI - Maternal locus of control and developmental gain demonstrated by high risk infants: a longitudinal analysis. AB - The short and long-term effects of a parent-infant training program for biologically handicapped infants was evaluated in terms of maternal locus of control. Twenty-four infants were evaluated on five developmental scales measuring motor, cognitive, and language functioning over a four-year period. Developmental gains on these indices were regressed against maternal locus of control partialing maternal education and socioeconomic status out of the relationship. The results indicated that maternal locus of control accounted for a substantial portion of variance in the developmental gains following the program intervention period. This was especially true for the cognitive and language indices. Locus of control in the mother, however, was not related to the motor indices, nor did it relate to cognitive and language gains achieved during the program intervention period. The results are discussed in terms of the mother's perceived contribution to infant progress in programs designed to produce sustained gains in early infant development. PMID- 7299718 TI - Measurement of potential for foster parenthood. AB - The purpose of this study was to construct a scale designed to express, quantify, and summarize evaluations by caseworkers of applicants for foster parenthood. The sample consisted of 472 foster families who were served by 236 caseworkers in 91 agencies in the United States and Canada. The procedure to develop the instrument are described; the distribution of scores, reliability, and validity of the measure are reported; and possible uses of the scale are suggested. The final form includes 54 items organized into nine factors: health, employment and income, time, opportunities for cultural and intellectual development, opportunities for religious and spiritual development, marriage, ability and motivation for foster parenthood, flexibility, and working with the agency and the child's own parents. PMID- 7299719 TI - A test of interlingual interaction in comprehension by bilinguals. AB - This study tested bilingual subjects' interaction of knowledge of both languages in comprehension. Spanish-English bilinguals and English monolinguals heard 36 sentences, all spoken in English. Twelve were normal English sentences, 12 contained Spanish word order, and 12 contained word-for-word translations of Spanish idioms. The dependent measures was performance on a phoneme-monitoring task; subjects pressed a button when they heard a particular phoneme within each sentence. Immediately following each sentence, subjects wrote down as much of that sentence as they could recall. Results showed that bilingual subjects pressed the button equally quickly for all sentences, but monolinguals were faster for control sentences than for idiom-translations, which was interpreted to mean that a knowledge of Spanish helped the bilinguals in processing the test items semantically. PMID- 7299720 TI - [Clinical, radiological and pathological study of Ewing's sarcoma of the lumbar spine. Round cell sarcomas. Report on three cases (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of primary bone condensation type Ewing's sarcoma of a lumbar vertebra are described in children aged 8 and 10 years, as well as one case of the osteolytic form in a 14-year-old child. Ewing's sarcoma very rarely occurs in the spine, and the type with bone condensation is almost exclusively of a primary nature. The tumour extends simultaneously into the epidural space and the perispinal planes. Intravenous urography and myelography with metrizamide are therefore essential for evaluating the degree of tumour extension. Computed tomography examinations are also now necessary. Prognosis is bad and current therapeutic possibilities limited. Histological diagnosis is the only means of distinguishing Ewing's sarcoma from other round cell sarcomas in or around the spine. PMID- 7299721 TI - [Scanography of the femoropatellar space. Study plan (author' transl)]. AB - A theoretical plan for scanographic study of the femoropatellar space is proposed, based on the examination of 60 normal knees. The investigation is conducted at 15 degrees and is adapted to the morphology of the femoropatellar space, with the assistance of a "Scout view". Patellar rolling is evaluated before and after quadriceps contraction during indifferent and external rotation. The spatial resolution of the new apparatuses and the adaptation of the plane of the section should permit valid study of the femoropatellar articular cartilages. The operative decision should be based on both the results of scanography and clinical examinations. PMID- 7299722 TI - [Opaque arthrography of the elbow. Anatomical and radiological correlations and technical considerations (author's transl)]. AB - More frequent use of opaque radiography of the elbow will require the adoption of a strict technique, adapted to the indication, and methodical interpretation of findings based on sound anatomical knowledge of the anatomy of this complex joint. Various practical suggestions for facilitating this exploration are given, together with anatomical data on the orientation of the articular surfaces and the appearances of the different recesses which directly condition the technique and interpretation of this examination. PMID- 7299723 TI - [Rectocolic lymph node appearance in adults (author's transl)]. AB - A very characteristic rectocolic "lymph follicle appearance" was observed on radiological examination by double contrast enemas in 3.5 p. cent of 480 cases explored. The usual typical appearance is that of small lacunae of 1 to 3 mm in diameter, with indistinct borders, extending through several colon segments. The frequency with which these images are observed is probably a function of the double contrast technique employed, particularly the adherence of the barium. In most cases, the "lymph follicle appearance" is a variation of the normal, but several rare forms could result from a partial immunity deficiency. Differential diagnosis includes colon wall oedema and most polyposis disorders in their initial stages. Coloscopy with biopsy is necessary when diagnosis is uncertain. PMID- 7299724 TI - [Psoas abscess of tuberculous origin without visible vertebral lesions. A case report (author's transl)]. AB - Though seen with diminishing frequency, psoas abscesses of tuberculous origin are usually secondary to vertebral lesions. The absence of radiologically detectable bone lesions should not exclude the diagnosis, however, as these abscesses can be associated with sub-ligamentary spinal lesions. A case is reported of a psoas abscess of tuberculous origin revealed by a voluminous retroperitoneal mass, without visible signs of any bone lesion. The results of the different examinations conducted are presented. PMID- 7299726 TI - William Pickles Lecture 1981. "Verities yet in their chaos". PMID- 7299725 TI - [Meniscus and sequestrum images during pulmonary suppuration. A case of pulmonary gangrene (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary gangrene, a rare form of suppurative lung lesion, is the result of bacterial infection associated with vascular thromboses. It is one of the few affections that produce a meniscus image delimiting the pulmonary sequestrum. A case is reported of a woman with pulmonary venous hypertension from mitral disease who developed gangrene limited to Fowler's segment. Recovery occurred after antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage. PMID- 7299727 TI - Vocational training: work in a developing country and British general practice. AB - I present evidence from my personal experience of vocational training followed by 18 months' work in an African hospital, to show that:1. By extending and reinforcing vocational training, my time abroad was relevant to my future career as a British general practitioner.2. Vocational training is a good preparation for any doctor intent on spending a limited time working in a developing country. PMID- 7299728 TI - A comparison of hospital and general practice blood pressure readings using a shared-care record card. AB - Shared-care blood pressure record cards were issued to 149 consecutive hypertensive patients attending our hospital clinic. In 108 (72.5 per cent), general practitioners entered readings they had obtained onto the cards. The use of the record card has proved helpful in the management of patients, and we are encouraged by the co-operation of the family doctors.A comparison of blood pressures measured in hospital and in general practice showed that general practitioners found systolic pressures to be an average of 5.5 mm Hg lower than hospital doctors, but there were no differences in diastolic pressure. In many cases, wide discrepancies were found both in hospital and general practice. We conclude that it is a myth that patients' blood pressures are lower when they consult their family doctor, or that outpatient blood pressure readings are falsely elevated by the stress of hospital attendance. PMID- 7299729 TI - Long-term study of influenza in families. AB - This is an account of a five-year study of influenza in families during an interepidemic period. Proven influenza seemed to be a more severe illness than an influenza-like illness. The result of the study suggests that factors other than strain-specific antibodies may be responsible in protecting against influenza during a period of drift. PMID- 7299731 TI - The medical secretary: her views and attitudes. AB - Secretaries and doctors share one primary objective-patient care. Common aims are usually achieved most effectively by working together. This demands a willingness to respect the views and feelings of one another. This paper argues that it is important to determine the opinions and attitudes of the medical secretary if the whole practice or team is to function efficiently. PMID- 7299730 TI - The general practitioner accoucheur in the 1980s. PMID- 7299732 TI - Why not compile your own formulary? PMID- 7299733 TI - Heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites in mouse mammary cancer. PMID- 7299734 TI - The relationship between high-affinity binding of cytochalasin B to 3T3 cells and inhibition of sugar transport and cell motility. AB - Transport and motility inhibitors have been used to classify different types of high-affinity cytochalasin B (CB) binding sites in 3T3 cells. The potency of phloretin and phlorizin as inhibitors of sugar uptake paralleled their effectiveness in displacing high-affinity bound CB from the cells, indicating that the two compounds compete with CB for binding to sites associated with sugar transport proteins. On the other hand, cytochalasins D and E, which did not inhibit sugar uptake, inhibited binding of CB to a portion of the high-affinity sites, most probably those associated with actin-containing cytoskeletal contractile structures. A small amount of high-affinity CB binding remained in the presence of both phloretin and cytochalasin E, indicating that the cells have a third class of sites which is not related to either sugar transport or cell motility, When isolated membranes were examined, it was found that a fraction of each class of high-affinity CB binding sites were associated with the fraction. In contrast, only sites sensitive to cytochalasin D were recovered in a soluble extract of the cells. PMID- 7299735 TI - Cholinergic binding to the receptor proteolipid from Torpedo electroplax separated by ion exchange chromatography. PMID- 7299737 TI - Receptor and biological response to estriol in the fetal uterus of guinea pig. AB - The binding of 3H-estriol was examined in the fetal uterus of guinea pig. The physico-chemical characteristics of the binding of 3H-estriol to macromolecules are similar to the typical receptor protein for estrogens. Different estrogens (estriol, estradiol, estrone and diethylstilbestrol) compete with this binding but progesterone and testosterone have no effect. The binding affinity has a Kd of 5.5 +/- 1.6 +/- 10(-10) M. By ultracentrifugation in sucrose gradient, two specific components with sedimentation coefficients of 8 and 4S are found. Competition studies suggest that the same specific binding sites may be present for estriol (E3) and for estradiol. The s.c. administration of E3 to the pregnant guinea pig (1 mg/day per kg body weight for 3 days) provokes two biological responses in the fetal uterus: a uterothopic effect and a significant increase in the progesterone receptor. The increase in the fetal uterine weight is 50-70% in relation to the non-treated animals and the progesterone receptor concentration is 10-14 times higher than in the control animals. These effects are similar (or slightly higher) than in animals primed with equimolecular quantities of estradiol. In contrast, single daily injections of E3 to newborn guinea pig, results only in weak uterotrophic activity. It is concluded that estriol is capable of causing a biological response in the uterus during intra-uterine life. PMID- 7299736 TI - Estrogens and the hypothalamus: nuclear receptor and RNA polymerase activation. PMID- 7299738 TI - Effect of O-alkylated analogues of lysine vasopressin on adenylate cyclase of pig kidney membranes. AB - O-alkylated analogues (ethyl, propyl, butyl, tert.-butyl) of lysine vasopressin (LVP) and deamino-LVP are partial agonists to LVP in their effect upon activation of adenylate cyclase in porcine kidney membranes. Emax and pD2 values are linearly dependent and both of them are inversely proportional to the overall hydrophobicity of the peptides, expressed in terms of capacity factors in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. It is suggested that the increasing hydrophobicity augments the tendency to either a "wrong way" binding, or to a side-side interaction of several peptide ligands bound to a multi-subsite receptor or both. The data circumstantially indicate that the relation between the peptide-receptor interaction and cyclase activation is not a linear one. PMID- 7299740 TI - Evidence for functional arterio--venous anastomoses in the ovaries of sheep. AB - Vessels with histological features characteristic of arterio--venous anastomoses were found in the stroma but not in CL. In 5 conscious ewes at the mid-luteal stage of the oestrous cycle, ovarian blood flow was significantly greater (P less than 0.025) with microspheres of 50 than of 15 micrometers diameter in ovaries without CL (0.23 +/- 0.04 (s.e.m.) and 0.11 +/- 0.02 ml/min, respectively), but not in ovaries with CL (4.42 +/- 0.86 and 3.73 +/- 0.70 ml/min, respectively). In 5 similar but anaesthetized ewes, the portion of each ovarian artery within the ovarian vascular pedicle was bypassed with re-entrant catheters through which microspheres were perfused. A greater proportion (P less than 0.01) of 50 than of 15 micrometers microspheres was retained in ovaries with (90 and 79%) or without (82 and 45%) a CL. It is concluded that functional arterio--venous anastomoses are present in sheep ovaries. PMID- 7299739 TI - Effects of salt extraction on the quantitation of nuclear estrogen receptors: interference by secondary estrogen binding sites. AB - The effects of salt-extraction on type I and type II estrogen binding sites were examined in uterine nuclei. Injection (10 ug) of estradiol or estriol in adult ovariectomized rate induced maximum numbers (80-100%, integral of 1 pmole/uterus) of 0.4 M KCL resistant type I estrogen complexes at 1 hour. Only estradiol, which sustained these levels for long periods of time (4-24 hours) stimulated true uterine growth. Likewise, a single injection of estradiol, but not estriol, also elevated nuclear type II sites throughout the entire uterine growth period (1 - 48 hours). However extraction of these nuclei from estradiol injected rats with 0.4 M KCL increased the numbers of type II sites from integral of 1 pmole/uterus (non-extracted nuclei) to integral of 8 pmoles/uterus (salt resistant plus salt extractable fractions). Sixty percent of these sites were resistant to salt extraction. Continuous exposure to either estradiol or estriol by beeswax implants stimulated nuclear type II sites which were highly resistant (80%) to KCL-extraction, and additional sites were not exposed by high salt. Thus chronic treatment with both estrogens "locked in" nuclear type II sites such that they were resistant to KCL-extraction. This resistance of type II sites to salt extraction correlated with the ability of estradiol and estriol implants to stimulate true uterine growth. The procedures presented here for nuclear preparation and assay have reduced non-specific binding considerably in the uterine system, and may eliminate the need to perform exchange assays on salt extracted nuclei in other systems. PMID- 7299741 TI - Altered steroidogenesis by the fetal bovine freemartin ovary. AB - Ovaries were taken from 12 freemartins of crown-rump length 4.2-27.5 cm (47-130 days of gestation), 16 singleton fetuses of 5-8 cm (55-75 days) and 18 single fetuses of 10-20 cm (78-108 days). Ovaries were incubated for 24 h in tissue culture Medium 199 supplemented with 5% calf serum. The freemartin ovaries produced 0.16-2.1 ng testosterone/ovary/24h compared with less than 50 pg for normal singleton ovaries. Oestrogen was undetectable n the ovaries (less than 50 pg) of freemartin fetuses of crown-rump length 4.2-9.4 cm (47-77 days), while 16 normal ovaries of the same stage produced 1375 +/- 300 pg/ovary/24 h. The presence of abnormally high amounts of testosterone and the absence of normally occurring oestrogen in the freemartin ovary indicate that the pattern of steroidogenesis in the freemartin is altered as early as 47 days of gestation. PMID- 7299742 TI - Impact of socio-sexual conditions on the epididymis and fertility in the male mouse. AB - The influence of previous sexual experience and subsequent differential housing on the epididymis and fertility index was studied for male Swiss albino cc mice. Among animals with previous sexual experience those having a high epididymal beta glucuronidase activity showed a high fertility index and vice versa. The reproductive potential of animals without previous sexual experience was reduced by housing in high-density groups and in isolation. The results show that previous sexual experience, individual housing and group volume may influence the reproductive potential of male mice. PMID- 7299743 TI - Effects of obstruction of the flow of seminiferous tubule fluid on the germinal epithelium in the rat. AB - Blocking the lumen of a single seminiferous tubule by introducing a plug of non toxic latex produced a lesion in that tubule, but not in immediately adjacent tubules. The lesion extended for up to 50 mm from the end of the latex. Nearest to the block the tubule was completely aspermatogenic; further along the tubule, the lesion was less severe, involving disorganization and reduction in germ cell numbers, with the cells showing vacuolation, pycnosis and karyolysis. Binucleate and giant cells were common, and cells were often exfoliated into the lumen. The lesion tended to increase in length with longer times after introduction of the plug, but there appeared to be no preferential involvement of the shorter segment of the tubule between the block and the rete. The transition from damaged to healthy tubule was abrupt. PMID- 7299744 TI - Effect of oestradiol valerate on the rat blood--testis and blood--epididymal barriers to [3H]inulin. AB - Micropuncture samples were taken from rats treated with 2.9 mg oestradiol valerate/day for 14 days, sham injected or untreated. Oestradiol valerate treatment reduced testicular weight and serum testosterone concentrations (P less than 0.05), but did not alter the movement of [3H]inulin into seminiferous tubules or those of the cauda epididymidis. [3H]Inulin concentrations in the seminiferous tubule fluids were always less than 8% of blood isotope concentrations, and those in cauda epididymal tubuule fluid were always less than 5% of blood isotope concentrations. It was concluded that the maintenance of the anatomical component of the blood--testis and blood--epididymal barriers (cell- cell tight junctions) is not androgen-dependent. PMID- 7299745 TI - Influence of temperature on hexose transport by round spermatids of rats. AB - Transport of 3-O-methyl-D-[14C]glucose in vitro by round spermatids was more rapid at 34 than at 37 degrees C and more rapid at 37 than at 40 degrees C. The difference between values at 34 and 37 degrees C was reversed by changing the spermatids from 37 to 34 degrees C at various times during a total incubation of 1 h. The effect of 37 degrees C relative to 34 degrees C was exerted on Km for the transport process; Vmax was unaltered. Inhibition by 37 degrees C relative to 34 degrees C was exerted on influx; efflux was the same at both temperatures. A fraction of cells from rat testis enriched in spermatocytes but free from spermatids showed greater transport at 37 than at 34 degrees C. These results indicate that one metabolic effect of body temperature (37 degrees c) as opposed to scrotal temperature (34 degrees C) is inhibition of glucose transport into round spermatids. This may contribute to the defective spermatogenesis that can occur in abdominal testes. PMID- 7299746 TI - Ultrastructural observations of ovulation in the Japanese long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus. AB - In the Japanese long-fingered bat, Miniopterus schreibersii fuliginosus, ovulation occurred spontaneously with the disappearance of the granulosa layer and germinal epithelium at the apex of the stigma which was formed simultaneously with expulsion of the first polar body, and with the subsequent bleeding from the capillary lumina of the theca interna. After ovulation the rupture point was plugged by luteinizing granulosa cells and overgrown by newly regenerated cells of the tunica albuginea and germinal epithelium. PMID- 7299748 TI - Concentrations of progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone in the plasma of mares during pregnancy and at parturition. AB - Plasma concentrations of progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were high in the 2nd and 3rd months of gestation, but 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone increased from a level of 2 ng/ml, during the first 3 months, to 10-15 ng/ml during months 5-10, to reach 80-120 ng/ml during the last 30 days before foaling. PMID- 7299747 TI - Regulation of inhibin production by bovine ovarian cells in vitro. AB - The regulation of ovarian inhibin production was investigated using a rat pituitary cell culture system as a bioassay for inhibin activity. Bovine follicular granulosa cells produced inhibin in vitro provided that the culture medium contained serum. The stimulatory factor(s) present in serum is unlikely to be gonadotrophins, because bovie LH and/or FSH failed to stimulate inhibin production when added to medium devoid of serum. Luteinization of granulosa cells in culture was accompanied by a reduction in their inhibin production and an inverse relationship existed between inhibin and progesterone production by granulosa cells. Bovine corpus luteum cells in culture failed to produce detectable amounts of inhibin. Androgens stimulated granulosa cell inhibin production with testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone being more potent than androstenedione. The androgens did not stimulate inhibin production by luteal cells. Progesterone inhibited granulosa cell inhibin production but oestrogens had no effect. Measurement of steroids and inhibin in fluid from individual follicles indicated that as follicle size increased, concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta increased, testosterone and inhibin decreased and progesterone remained unchanged. The stimulatory effect of testosterone on inhibin production in vitro together with the parallel changes in follicular fluid concentrations of testosterone and inhibin suggest that ovarian inhibin production in vivo may be controlled, at least in part, through androgens modifying granulosa cell inhibin production. The inhibitory effect of progesterone on granulosa cell inhibin production may be more important in regulating ovarian inhibin production at the time of granulosa cell luteinization and CL formation. The stimulatory effect of androgens on granulosa cell inhibin production might also be a means by which androgens promote follicular atresia. PMID- 7299749 TI - Evidence that cervical softening in the pregnant rat is independent of increasing uterine contractility. AB - The cervices of rats were surgically separated from their uterine horns on Day 11 of pregnancy. The increase in the creep of the cervix (a measure of cervical tensile properties) that occurred between Day 11 and Day 19 was unaffected. In other rats the effects of hormonal manipulations on uterine contractility and cervical creep were determined. Uterine contractility, measured using intrauterine balloons in conscious unrestrained rats, was increased on Days 18, 19 and 20 of pregnancy after bilateral ovariectomy on Day 16, compared to that of rats with intact ovaries. Creep of the cervix of these ovariectomized rats on Day 20 was decreased. Treatment with oestradiol-17 beta benzoate (0.5 micrograms/kg) plus progesterone (10 mg/kg) twice daily after ovariectomy decreased uterine contractility and increased cervical creep. It is concluded that cervical softening in pregnancy is not a consequence of an increase in uterine contractility. PMID- 7299750 TI - Responsiveness in vitro of porcine luteal tissue recovered at two stages of the luteal phase. AB - Corpora lutea (CL) were recovered from pigs at 6 1/2 or 12 1/2 days after induced ovulation and fragments of tissue and isolated cells were incubated for 3 h in vitro. Progesterone synthesis by tissue and cells from 12 1/2-day CL was stimulated by bovine LH (1 micrograms/ml), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10 mM) and hCG (10-50 i.u./ml) but 6 1/2-day CL, although having a higher level of control synthesis, did not respond to these substances. The addition of testosterone (100 ng/ml) to the incubations was found to suppress the response to bovine LH in the 12 1/2 day tissue and cells. Separation of the dissociated luteal cells into populations of large and small sized cells demonstrated that the large cells were more synthetically active than the small cells, but cells of both sizes in the 12 1/2-day CL responded to bovine LH. These results support the concept that the porcine CL is autonomous for much of its lifespan. PMID- 7299751 TI - Luteal blood flow and progesterone secretion in pseudopregnant rabbits. AB - Ovarian and luteal blood flow rates were measured, by means of radioactive microspheres, in anaesthetized rabbits on Day 8 of pseudopregnancy before and after lowering the ovarian perfusion pressure with a sling placed around the aorta. When blood pressure was lowered by 42% luteal flow decreased 9-fold whilst flow to the remaining part of the ovary remained unchanged, indicating the presence of an autoregulatory mechanism in the ovarian interstitial gland. Ovarian progesterone secretion, assessed from progesterone concentrations in ovarian venous blood, was positively correlated to the blood flow per unit of weight of luteal tissue. These data indicate that a high rate of luteal blood flow may be necessary for an optimal steroid production by the corpus luteum. PMID- 7299752 TI - Heterologous ovum penetration by human spermatozoa. AB - An evaluation of a method utilizing zona-free hamster ova to test the fertility of human spermatozoa has shown that (i) the induction of superovulation in immature animals provides the most convenient method of obtaining mature ova for study; (ii) motile spermatozoa are best prepared by the technique of layering; (iii) an 18 h incubation at 37 degrees C (which is associated with capacitation) in an atmosphere of air (pH of medium 8.2) is preferable to one of 5% CO2 (pH of medium 7.2); (iv) the incubation and insemination densities of spermatozoa should be greater than 1 X 10(6) and less than 10 X 10(6)/ml; (v) spermatozoa do not remain motile, or capable of binding to or penetrating ova, after about 30 h in culture; and (vi) intra- and inter-assay variations are acceptable. The spermatozoa from 15 healthy men of proven fertility and 15 subfertile patients with normal spermiograms were evaluated for their ability to bind to and penetrate zona-free hamster ova. Of the 476 ova inseminated with spermatozoa from the fertile men greater than 5 spermatozoa/ovum consistently bound to the vitelline membrane and 284 ova (59.7%) had swollen sperm heads to pronuclei (still with tails attached) in their ooplasm. The range of individual penetration rates was 23.5-88.9%. Of the 586 ova tested with spermatozoa from the infertile subjects only 11 (1.9%) showed any evidence of penetration (range of individual penetration rates 0-8.7%) and binding to the vitelline membrane was poor (0 or less than 5 spermatozoa/ovum). Spermatozoa from a further 9 infertile men who had abnormal spermiograms also gave poor penetration rates (4/300 ova, 1.3%). It is concluded that this bioassay has a useful role as an additional test to the classic spermiogram, but that its routine use is best reserved for selected cases of unexplained infertility. PMID- 7299753 TI - Phosphoglycopeptide, a major constituent of the spermatophoric plasma of the octopus (Octopus dofleini martini). AB - A phosphoglycopeptide, accounting for approximately 90% of the characteristically high content of acid-soluble organically-bound phosphorus in the octopus spermatophoric plasma (4 mg P/ml), was identified. Electrophoretic and chromatographic purification, followed by chemical and enzymic hydrolysis, yielded D-galactose phosphate as a degradation product. The galactose and peptide moieties of the compound were linked via a phosphoryl rather than a glycosidic linkage but the peptide was devoid of aromatic amino acids. PMID- 7299754 TI - Plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone, and laparoscopic observations of the ovary in the puma (Felis concolor) during oestrus, pseudopregnancy and pregnancy. AB - Plasma levels of oestradiol and progesterone in 3 pumas during oestrus and artificially induced pregnancy and pseudopregnancy were determined by radioimmunoassay. During oestrus, basal levels of oestradiol (5-30 pg/ml) were interrupted by surges of 30-375 pg/ml at intervals of 17-25 days. Considerable variation occurred between and within animals. Periods of oestrus and follicular development were confirmed by laparoscopy and vaginal smear patterns. Absence of an increase in plasma progesterone following elevated levels of oestradiol and failure to observe corpora lutea in the ovary indicated that ovulation was probably not spontaneous. Plasma oestradiol values rose dramatically in response to PMSG but were low during pseudopregnancy until the return to oestrus. During pregnancy surges of oestradiol occurred at mid-term and immediately before parturition. Ovulation, confirmed by laparoscopy, occurred 24-48 h after hCG and progesterone levels (usually less than 2 ng/ml) then increased to reach 150-300 ng/ml on Days 24-28. In the pseudopregnant animals progesterone concentrations had returned to baseline by Days 45-50 but during pregnancy progesterone remained elevated, declining only gradually to basal values by Day 85. A minor peak of progesterone, coincident with the pre-partum oestradiol surge, occurred on Day 87, 1 week before parturition on Day 95. PMID- 7299755 TI - X-chromosome activity in the germ cells of sex-reversed mouse embryos. AB - Germ cells were isolated from XX ovaries and XY and XX Sex-reversed (Sxr/+) testes of mouse embryos 14-16 days post coitum, and the activity of an X chromosome-coded enzyme, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), relative to an autosomal one, adenine phosphoribosyl transferase was determined. The ratio of enzyme activities in XX Sxr/+ prospermatogonia was significantly higher than that in XY prospermatogonia, up to 2-fold, suggesting that the silent X chromosome is reactivated in XX male germ cells before birth, as it is in female germ cells. The ratio was several times higher still in XX oocytes than in XX prospermatogonia, confirming that the increase in HPRT activity reported in oocytes is only partly due to an X-chromosome dosage effect. PMID- 7299756 TI - Histology of the rat vas deferens after injection of a non-occlusive chemical contraceptive. AB - An alternate co-polymer of styrene and maleic anhydride was dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide and injected into the vas deferens of rats. The polymer was retained in the vas deferens and the morphological changes detected were confined to the mucosa. When the polymer was removed by flushing dimethylsulphoxide, the mucosal structure became normal within 2 weeks. PMID- 7299757 TI - Ultrastructural study of the decapitated sperm defect in an infertile man. AB - An infertile man presented a spermiogram in which 100% of the spermatozoa displayed separation of head from tail at the level of the proximal centriole. Most tails were normally structured and ended anteriorly with the proximal centriole covered by a continuous plasma membrane. In a small percentage of tails a rudimentary connecting piece was surrounded by a minute cytoplasmic mass and the middle piece was missing, whereas the chromatoid body and the spindle-shaped body were still present. Finally, a few tails had a large cytoplasmic mass surrounding either regular connecting and middle pieces or a rudimentary connecting piece continuous with the main piece. Tails of the first type had good forward motility, although the pattern of movement appeared altered. The other types were immotile or motile but without forward progression. In the loose heads the implantation fossa had failed to differentiate. The separation of heads from tails appeared to be the result of a specific morphogenetic defect and took place at different stages of spermatid differentiation, giving rise to the structurally different types of tails. PMID- 7299758 TI - Thermal characteristics of the testis and epididymis of the boar. AB - Intra-testicular temperatures of conscious boars were in the range 35.0-36.5 degrees C; values for the caput epididymidis were 35.5-37.0 degrees C and for the cauda epididymidis 35.3-37.0 degrees C. The modal temperatures of these tissues were approximately 2.5, 1.5 and 1.9 degrees C respectively below rectal temperature (38.2 degrees C) and each tissue temperature varied diurnally. With increasing environmental temperature (from 23 to 34 degrees c), testicular and epididymal temperatures increased, and the differential between tissue and rectal temperature levels diminished. The temperature of the caput epididymidis changed most with rising environmental temperature. It is possible to predict testis or epididymal temperature from environmental or rectal temperature. PMID- 7299759 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease - a decade of growing pains. PMID- 7299760 TI - Levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with D-penicillamine. AB - Levamisole (150 mg 3 days/week) was compared with D-penicillamine (250 mg increments at 2--3 monthly intervals) in a single, blind independent observer trial of 1 years' duration in 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The clinical responses, evident after 3 months, were comparable and significant. Six patients on levamisole and 4 on penicillamine withdrew due to side effects. In the subsequent open study 3 of 8 patients continued on levamisole for up to 4 years, while 6 of 9 remained on penicillamine. The findings are compared with those of other trials. PMID- 7299761 TI - C-reactive protein in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - One hundred and ninety sera from 27 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested by radial immunodiffusion for C-reactive protein (CRP). One hundred and fourteen (60%) of these samples from 22 patients had detectable CRP. There was a statistically significant association between clinical activity and serum concentration of CRP in the patients who consistently recorded elevated levels. CRP was not found to distinguish between disease activity and coincident infection in 2 patients whose SLE was complicated by tuberculosis. PMID- 7299762 TI - Concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus and salmonellosis. AB - Salmonellosis was diagnosed in 4 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Three patients were taking prednisolone, and 3 had evidence of nephritis. All patients were febrile with clinical evidence of lupus activity at the time of diagnosis. Two patients had evidence of hyposplenism during the infection. Because salmonellosis manifests clinical symptoms like those of active SLE, the diagnosis of the salmonella infection was delayed. In 3 patients, the salmonella infection localized to a site of clinical SLE involvement and in all 4 patients, it occurred simultaneously with other bacterial infections. Multiple factors, including impaired mononuclear phagocytic system function, may predispose SLE patients to bacterial infections, especially intracellular parasites such as salmonella. PMID- 7299763 TI - Immune complexes in polyarthritis after Salmonella gastroenteritis. AB - In a case of polyarthritis after salmonella gastroenteritis the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) (C1q-binding assay) correlated closely with disease activity. This observation suggests that systematically absorbed salmonella antigens may lead or contribute to the formation of CIC. CIC activate both the classical and alternate complement pathway and may be important in the pathogenesis of the arthritis associated with salmonella infection. PMID- 7299764 TI - Reactive arthritis associated with brucellosis: HLA studies. AB - HLA typing studies were performed on a group of 16 patients with acute Brucella induced reactive arthritis and results were compared to those obtained in 16 patients with acute brucellosis but without arthritis and to 55 normal control subjects. No increased prevalence of any HLA antigen was noted between patients and control groups. HLA-B27 frequency was diminished in the Peruvian population studied. The most interesting finding was the presence of a statistically significant low frequency of HLA-A2 in the disease group suggesting that this antigen may play a protective role for the development of brucellosis. PMID- 7299765 TI - Persistent hypouricemic effect of longterm diflunisal administration. AB - Diflunisal, a salicylic acid derivative, caused a significant fall in serum uric acid concentration from 0.29 +/- 0.02 to 0.20 +/- 0.02 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM) during chronic administration of 750 mg daily in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There was a significant correlation between plasma diflunisal concentration and fall of serum uric acid concentrations (p less than 0.01) at week 14. Diflunisal concentrations were statistically higher in females (p less than 0.05) at week 24. PMID- 7299766 TI - Lack of antibody in rheumatoid sera to autologous synovial macrophages and dendritic cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays (ADCC). AB - We tested the hypothesis that antigens which stimulate the chronic immune reactivity in rheumatoid synovia might be associated with synovial macrophages and dendritic cells. ADCC assays were used to test sera from 15 RA patients and 8 non-RA controls for antibody to autologous primary and secondary cell cultures prepared by enzymatic digestion of synovial tissue. Such autoantibody was not detected in any of the 23 patients using assay conditions which minimized potential ADCC blocking effects of immune complexes and multinuclear giant cells. Collagenase producing dendritic and multinuclear giant cells. Collagenase activity and dendritic cells occurred with equal frequency in both RA and non-RA primary monolayers. PMID- 7299767 TI - Peripheral hyperostosis in rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of axial involvement. AB - When diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), or Forestier's disease, coexists with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the radiographic features of RA are characteristically altered and may be diagnostically misleading. Altered findings include the absence of osteoporosis, bony proliferation around erosions, osteophytosis and ankylosis. Previously reported cases of coexistent RA-DISH have all exhibited characteristic spinal hyperostosis. Two cases are discussed which demonstrate that the distinctive peripheral radiographic findings of RA-DISH may occur in the absence of vertebral involvement. PMID- 7299769 TI - Superior margin rib defects in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis and 96 controls were examined for prevalence and type of superior margin rib defects. In both groups a high prevalence of minor degrees of defects were found (40% and 38.5%). Solely in the rheumatoid group, additional erosive-appearing rib defects were found in 3 of the 20 patients. Radionucleotide scanning of these 3 patients did not show increased activity over the involved rib areas. In the rheumatoid group, the presence of severe shoulder disease correlated with the occurrence of rib defect (both types). We suggest that rib defects, particularly the erosive type, are related to scapulothoracic joint disease. PMID- 7299768 TI - Transudative knee effusions in Milroy's disease. AB - Two patients, mother and son, with Milroy's disease (chronic hereditary lymphedema) presented with chronic asymptomatic knee effusions. Synovial fluids proved to be transudative in nature. The pathogenesis of knee effusions in Milroy's disease is discussed. PMID- 7299770 TI - Chronic neutropenia: possible association with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Three white males, ages 42-59, with chronic neutropenia are described. All 3 patients had splenomegaly, positive tests for rheumatoid factor, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates, hypergammaglobulinemia and bone marrow examinations which showed normal to increased cellularity. Two of the 3 patients had recurring arthralgias and positive tests for antinuclear antibodies. All 3 patients had evidence for decreased tearing suggestive of Sjogren's syndrome, but in only 1 patient was a positive lip biopsy obtained. One patient had repeated cutaneous infections which ceased after splenectomy resulted in an increased neutrophil count. Serum IgG neutrophil-binding and in vivo neutrophil kinetic studies on 1 patient were consistent with a humoral immune mechanism for his neutropenia. PMID- 7299771 TI - Monarticular arthritis: early manifestation of a rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - We describe a case in which monarticular arthritis was a presenting manifestation of a rhabdomyosarcoma. Arthritis as a complication of rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare. Rheumatic manifestations of malignancy are also reviewed. PMID- 7299772 TI - Successful use of colchicine in acute polyarticular pseudogout. AB - A woman with acute postsurgical pseudogout involving a remarkable number of peripheral joints is presented. The attack responded promptly to intravenous colchicine. The mechanism of action of colchicine is discussed. PMID- 7299773 TI - On the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: is complement the villain or the victim? PMID- 7299777 TI - Consent to treatment. PMID- 7299774 TI - Oral supplements and zinc metabolism. PMID- 7299775 TI - Antimalarial treatment of mild probable mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7299776 TI - Expanding intracerebral mass associated with hypocomplementemia. PMID- 7299779 TI - Children at risk. PMID- 7299778 TI - What should be done about hearing impairments? PMID- 7299780 TI - Observations on chronic polyarthritis in monkeys. AB - Erosion and inflammatory changes in the carpus, fingers and toes of a rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta, are described; this was one of 152 animals in each of which four fixed limbs were available for examination. The histological changes resembled closely those found in adult human rheumatoid arthritis. The limited literature is reviewed (including cases with amyloid disease). PMID- 7299781 TI - Some aspects of the fractured scaphoid. AB - Ninety-three patients who presented at a district general hospital in one year with a suspected or actual scaphoid fracture were studied. Certain changes in the accepted management of scaphoid fractures, particularly the radiology of these fractures, are suggested. These changes could result in significant savings of time and money. A new investigation is described which may prove helpful in the long-term prognostic assessment of patients who have suffered a scaphoid fracture. PMID- 7299782 TI - Cryoanalgesia for intractable perineal pain. AB - Cryoanalgesia, the local application of extreme cold to nerves to produce analgesia, has been used to treat patients with intractable perineal pain. The cryoprobe was inserted percutaneously through the sacral hiatus into the sacral canal to produce anaesthesia of the lower sacral nerve roots. Forty patients received a total of 70 treatments: 31 patients (78%) were helped by the procedure and the median duration of improvement was 30 days. The treatment was more successful in relieving symptoms in patients suffering from pelvic cancer and coccydynia. The best results were obtained in those patients who received numerous freeze applications or prolonged freezing. PMID- 7299783 TI - Newly recognized syndrome in the neck: Horner's syndrome with ipsilateral vocal cord and phrenic nerve palsies. AB - Three patients are reported who exhibited a previously undescribed syndrome resulting from disruption of the sympathetic chain, the phrenic nerve and the innervation of the ipsilateral vocal cord. Each patient had pain in the ipsilateral shoulder and metastatic carcinoma of the breast. It is likely that this syndrome exists in association with other diseases such as carcinoma of the lung. The presence of this syndrome in patients with malignant disease has sinister significance and appears to carry a very grave prognosis. PMID- 7299784 TI - Population study of hearing disorders in adults: preliminary communication. AB - The Institute of Hearing Research is embarked upon a study of the prevalence, characteristics and determinants of hearing problems and tinnitus in the adult population of the UK. One of its objectives is to ascertain the size of the problem in terms both of numbers of people affected and the degrees to which they are affected. Such knowledge is highly relevant to any consideration of the services needed for the adult hearing impaired. The overall plan for the study and the results of its pilot study are outlined. In Tier A, a questionnaire on hearing difficulties and tinnitus was sent to 6804 persons living in Cardiff, Glasgow, Nottingham and Southampton. This enabled stratification of respondents by age groups and reported impairments, and thereby permitted appropriate sampling ratios from those strata to be invited to attend the clinics for the Tier B clinical and audiological investigations. Response rates were around 80% at Tier A and 50% at Tier B; domiciliary follow up showed the biases in non responders and non-attenders to be minimal. About 25% of the sample reported some hearing difficulty, and about 17% reported an experience of tinnitus that was more than transitory or temporary noise-induced. Taking a criterion of over 25 dB hearing level in the better ear, averaged across 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, a prevalence estimate for the UK population is that 19.9 +/- 4.4% of adults are so affected. About 0.5-1% of adults appear to be severely affected by tinnitus; this amounts to about 200 000 persons in the UK. The scale of the problem has not been fully appreciated before and points to an urgent need to develop further the clinical services and research effort in the field of tinnitus. PMID- 7299785 TI - Development of surgery for peptic ulcer: a review. PMID- 7299786 TI - Iliac aneurysm in hip arthroplasty: surgical repair. PMID- 7299787 TI - Migratory erythema and eosinophilic cellulitis associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PMID- 7299788 TI - Value of anticoagulants in the treatment of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7299789 TI - A model for the mechanism of action of the repellent DEET on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7299790 TI - Nocturnal indoor resting heights of the malaria vector Anopheles aconitus and other anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Java, Indonesia. PMID- 7299791 TI - Northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae), ingests large quantities of blood from White Leghorn hens. PMID- 7299792 TI - Red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): frequency of sting attacks on residents of Sumter County, Georgia. PMID- 7299793 TI - Laboratory transmission of Brugia pahangi by nulliparous Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 7299794 TI - Ectoparasites of wild canids from the Gulf Coastal Prairies of Texas and Louisiana. PMID- 7299795 TI - Description of the interview process in selecting students for admission to U.S. medical schools. AB - A survey was made of the medical schools in the United States to obtain a description of the interview process used in the selection of first-year medical students. The following questions were the basis for the study: What is the role of the interview in the selection of medical students? What is the nature of the interview process? How is the interview administered? An 87 percent response rate was obtained. The results indicated that 99 percent of the responding medical schools use interviews in evaluating students for medical school admission, and the interview ranks second only to the grade-point average in importance among four selection factors. The interview is usually in a one to one setting, with each applicant having two separate interviews. All schools use faculty and staff members in interviewing, and usually at least one admissions committee member interviews each applicant. Usually interviews are conducted on the campus of the school. Implications drawn from the results indicate a need for a quantification of methods to incorporate the interview into the selection process. PMID- 7299796 TI - Toward independent learning: curricular design for assisting students to learn how to learn. AB - It must be acknowledged that a university course in medicine cannot hope to present its students with everything they need to know in order to practice a lifetime's career in the profession. Even were the course years longer, increasing the content of factual knowledge would not equip the graduate for the practice of medicine. In part this is due to the fact that medical knowledge is continually changing or being reevaluated; in addition, facts alone cannot be correlated with practical application, and the process of how to use the facts is an essential part of the study and practice of medicine. It is essential, therefore, that an undergraduate medical course, among other things, teach the students to take responsibility for and to be able to structure their own learning. If the process of continual active learning is fostered during undergraduate days, it may readily be continued by the graduate alone in the absence of his teachers. The curriculum at the new medical school at Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, is being developed with this priority in view. This paper describes some of the principles underpinning this philosophy and how such principles are being applied. PMID- 7299797 TI - Medical student research: a program of self-education. AB - Student participation in research has traditionally been part of the academic program in American medical schools. A survey of student research in 115 U.S. medical schools showed that 74 percent had M.D./Ph.D. programs but that only about 0.6 percent of the students participated in them. Eighty percent had research programs not directed toward a Ph.D.; and although these involved only 6 percent of the students, the enthusiasm of the students for their research experience was very high. The University of Florida has long fostered medical student research. A survey of 1969--1978 participants in the Florida programs yielded a 74 percent endorsement of research as an important, positive educational experience, and nearly all agreed that a research option should be part of the medical school curriculum. Since research provides the students with an intellectually challenging, self-learning experience that they endorse enthusiastically and since there is small student participation, it seems timely to reassess the role of student research in the medical school curriculum. PMID- 7299800 TI - Live versus videotaped interviews. PMID- 7299799 TI - Occupational and environmental health programs in a medical school: should they be a department? PMID- 7299798 TI - A course on the functioning and use of groups in the practice of medicine. PMID- 7299801 TI - The impact of an oncology course on attitudes of freshman medical students. PMID- 7299802 TI - Temporal and gender patterns of psychiatric symptoms among medical students. PMID- 7299803 TI - Peer teaching in gross anatomy. PMID- 7299804 TI - FLEX I and II: some unanswered questions. PMID- 7299805 TI - Student affairs office. PMID- 7299806 TI - Patients and teaching services. PMID- 7299807 TI - Thanatology. PMID- 7299808 TI - External examinations for the evaluation of medical education achievement and for licensure. Adopted June 25, 1981, by the Executive Council of the Association of American Medical Colleges. PMID- 7299809 TI - Quality of preparation for the practice of medicine in certain foreign-chartered medical schools. Adopted June 25, 1981, by the Executive Council of the Association of American Medical Colleges. PMID- 7299810 TI - Ciliated ductal cells in obstructive sialadenitis. PMID- 7299811 TI - A surveying optical diffractometer. PMID- 7299812 TI - Quantitative studies of the autofluorescence derived from neuronal lipofuscin. AB - The degree of accumulation of neuronal lipofuscin in the human brain can indicate the age of some neurones, may be correlated with certain disease processes and can be affected by drugs. The estimation of the volume of neuronal lipofuscin has usually employed relatively unreliable methods such as counting techniques or visual ratings, while the present paper describes and illustrates a method for measuring the intensity of the autofluorescence derived from neuronal lipofuscin. The relationship between autofluorescence intensity and amount of lipofuscin is discussed. PMID- 7299814 TI - The use of propane/isopentane mixtures for rapid freezing of biological specimens. PMID- 7299813 TI - Propane jet-freezing: a valid ultra-rapid freezing method for the preservation of temperature dependent lipid phases. AB - We have developed a temperature controlled specimen stage on the existing jet freezing apparatus, in order to quench samples from elevated temperatures up to 330 K. We have shown that the phase transition both from the liquid-crystalline to solid phase for pure phosphatidylcholines and from hexagonal II to lamellar phase for phosphatidylethanolamine/4% egg phosphatidic acid is prevented. Moreover, cooling rates exceeding 10,000 K s-1 were recorded indicative of ultra rapid freezing capacity. Cryoprotectants can be omitted, since phase separation due to ice crystal growth does not occur. PMID- 7299815 TI - Clusters of repeated sequences of chicken DNA are extensively methylated but contain specific undermethylated regions. PMID- 7299816 TI - Control of messenger RNA concentration by differential cytoplasmic half-life. Adenovirus messenger RNAs from transcription units 1A and 1B. PMID- 7299818 TI - Structure of deoxyhaemoglobin Zurich (HisE7(63 beta) - greater than Arg). PMID- 7299817 TI - Analysis of the tertiary structure of protein beta-sheet sandwiches. PMID- 7299819 TI - Crystallization of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein as a T = 1 aggregate. PMID- 7299820 TI - Theoretical analysis of competitive conformational transitions in torsionally stressed DNA. PMID- 7299821 TI - Partial purification of a developmentally regulated messenger RNA from Dictyostelium discoideum by thermal elution from poly(U)-sepharose. PMID- 7299823 TI - Thermodynamics of anti-sickling agents with hemoglobin S. PMID- 7299822 TI - Morphology of bovine fibrinogen monomers and fibrin oligomers. PMID- 7299824 TI - Quantitative analysis of intramembranous particles in the membranous system of rat liver cells at different stages of development and aging. AB - The density of intramembranous protein particles was studied by freeze-fracture. Particle density on the fracture faces of the plasmalemma and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), as well as the outer and inner membranes of the nucleus and the mitochondria in rat hepatocytes were quantified. Comparison among different age groups sampled days postcoitum (dpc), days postpartum (dpp), and months postpartum (mpp) showed age-related changes in particle density in each membrane system. With the exception of the RER, particle densities increased after the 16th dpc, reached a maximum at birth, and then decreased with increasing age. Simultaneously, the number of nuclear pores shows a positive correlation with the particle density of the nuclear membranes. The particle density on the membranes of the RER shows a maximum on the 16th dpc and on the 6th dpp. Thereafter, the density of the RER decreases slightly. In all membrane systems, the density of the particles on the external fracture faces is more variable than density of the particles on the protoplasmic fracture faces. PMID- 7299825 TI - Mandibular movement and muscle activity during mastication in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). AB - Optoelectronic analysis of mandibular movement and electromyography (EMG) of masticatory muscles in Cavia porcellus indicate bilateral, unilateral, and gnawing cycles. During bilateral and unilateral cycles, the mandibular tip moves forward, lateral, and down during the lingual phase of the power stroke to bring the teeth into occlusion. EMG activity is generally asymmetric, with the exception of activity of the temporalis muscle during bilateral cycles. During gnawing cycles, the mandible moves in an anteroposterior direction that is opposite that during bilateral and unilateral chew cycles. Bilateral and unilateral cycles of pellets were significantly longer than carrot. With the exception of the width of bilateral cycles, the magnitude of cycle width, length, and height during the mastication of carrots was greater than that during the mastication of pellets. Significant differences exist between EMG durations during mastication of pellets and carrots. The lateral pterygoid displays continuous activity during gnawing cycles. Significant differences also exist in the duration of EMG activity between the working and balancing side during all three cycle types. High level of activity of balancing side temporalis and anterior belly of digastric (ABD) during bilateral cycles occurs during rotation and depression of the mandible during the power stroke. The temporalis apparently provides a "braking" or compensatory role during closing and power strokes. Differences between Cavia masticatory patterns and those shown by Rattus and Mesocricetus are apparently due to differences in dental morphology, occlusal relationships, and, possibly, the poorly developed temporalis in Cavia. The large number and wide diversity of rodent groups afford students of mammalian mastication an opportunity to investigate and compare different masticatory specializations. PMID- 7299826 TI - Arterial circulation of the spinal cord and brain in the Monodontidae (order Cetacea). AB - In this paper we document retial supply of the spinal cord and describe the arterial vascular pattern of the brain in the whale family Monodontidae. Observations are based on gross dissections of four brains, two each of Monodon monoceros and Delphinapterus leucas, and one spinal cord from M. monoceros. Vessels of the spinal cord arise from extradural retia in the neural canal. Arteries originating from the retia penetrate the dura between successive spinal roots (mainly ventral) and not in association with them, unlike radicular arteries of other mammals. Also, these vessels are uniformly distributed and contribute equally to a plexus surrounding the cord. An A. radicularis magna is not present, and neither are distinct anterior or posterior spinal arteries. Circulation to the brain is effected by two pairs of arteries originating from intracranial retia. The rostral pair supplies most of the forebrain (prosencephalon), whereas the more caudal pair supplies mainly the midbrain (mesencephalon) and hindbrain (rhombencephalon). The circulatory pattern is characterized by 1) complete independence of anterior cerebral arteries (no anastomoses); 2) extensive cortical supply by the anterior choroidal arteries; 3) absence of subdural communicating vessels between rostral and caudal trunks; 4) union of caudal trunks to form a small basilar artery; and 5) absence of vertebral arteries and hence of a vertebral basilar system. There are some obvious differences between subdural arteries in the Monodontidae and those in other mammals; however, their general patterns of distribution are similar, and we suggest that most of the vessels, at least in the cranium, are homologous. PMID- 7299827 TI - Consequences of cell death after nitrogen mustard treatment on skeletal pelvic fin morphogenesis in the trout, Salmo Gairdneri (Pisces, Teleostei). AB - Five concentrations of nitrogen mustard (methyl-bis-chlorethylamine) have been administered to different stages of development of trout embryos (Salmo gairdneri), in order to study their effect on the formation of both pelvic fins soft tissue and skeleton. Sensitivity of epidermis and mesoderm toward this cytotoxic agent has been assessed histologically. Although both components are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, mesoderm is more sensitive than epidermis. These results are compared with the results of similar studies on tetrapod limb buds. The pelvic fin skeleton of some treated animals was doubly stained in toto for cartilage and bone by Alcian blue and alizarin, followed by clearing. Other specimens were processed for histological serial sections. Analysis included comparison of the following parameters: (1) dose of nitrogen mustard, (2) stage of fin bud development at the time of treatment, (3) importance of necrosis in the fin bud, and (4) abnormalities of the endoskeleton of the fin (pelvic girdle and radials) and of the dermal skeleton (lepidotrichia and actinotrichia) one month after the hatching of control animals. Resuls suggest (1) that material of endoskeleton and lepidotrichia are laid down simultaneously, and (2) that differentiation of actinotrichia is independent of differentiation in endoskeleton and lepidotrichia. PMID- 7299828 TI - Morphological and ultrastructural aspects of Branchiobdella pentodonta Whit. (Annelida, Oligochaeta) suckers. AB - The muscular system in the posterior sucker of Branchiobdella pentodonta Whit. has circular, longitudinal and radial fibers. In the anterior sucker, which has circular and longitudinal fibers, the muscle system is scarce. Concentric fibers are found around the mouth. In both suckers the glandular element form voluminous complexes secreting mucus for attachment to the substrate. Suckers show neuromuscular junctions and three distinct types of neuroglandular junctions: one with typical neurosecretory granules, one with larger neurosecretory granules produced by cells located at the origin of the segmental nerves, and one with presynaptic vesicles. The second type is peculiar to the posterior sucker. A comparison is made between suckers of Branchiobdella and those of leeches. PMID- 7299829 TI - The internal carotid artery does not directly supply the brain in the Monodontidae (order Cetacea). AB - In this paper we describe the gross and microscopic anatomy of the internal carotid artery and demonstrate that this vessel does not directly supply blood to the brain, in the Monodontidae (order Cetacea). Our account is based on gross dissections and perfusion casts of the arterial vasculature in Delphinapterus leucas and Monodon monoceros and on histological material from the latter species. The internal carotid artery originates low in the neck and extends to the carotid rete at the base of the brain. The vessel tapers dramatically along its cervical course and changes from an artery elastic in nature to one more muscular. A single large cervical branch occurs in D. leucas and supplies cerebrally related retia in this region and prevertebral muscles. No cervical branches occur in M. monoceros. In otic regions, the internal carotid artery is small and muscular. A lumen is present; however, a split internal and external elastic lamella and a thickened subendothelial layer are evident. Though patent in the neck and ear, the vessel appears occluded within the carotid canal. At this level, the vessel is characterized by absence of a lumen and by fragmented elastic lamellae. We conclude that the internal carotid artery is anatomically closed at a level just proximal to the carotid rete and hence has no direct involvement with cerebral blood supply in the Monodontidae. Our results confirm other investigators' work on smaller cetacean species. PMID- 7299830 TI - Effects of angiotensin II on membrane current in cardiac Purkinje fibers. PMID- 7299831 TI - Effect of glycolytic inhibitors on the sinoatrial node, atrium and atrioventricular node in the rabbit heart. PMID- 7299832 TI - Role of adrenocortical hormones on the ontogenesis of ventricular action potential of rat myocardium. PMID- 7299833 TI - Heart mitochondrial DNA synthesis: preferential inhibition by adriamycin. PMID- 7299834 TI - Caffeine effects on mechanical activity in newborn rat myocardium. PMID- 7299835 TI - Sperm-egg binding: identification of a species-specific sperm receptor from eggs of Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus. AB - We have attempted to identify a surface component of echinoderm eggs that is involved in the species-specific binding of sperm. Cell surface membranes from eggs of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus or Arbacia punctulata were radioiodinated, detergent-treated, and subjected to density-gradient centrifugation. In the presence of bindin, the complementary binding protein isolated from sperm, one component of the membranes sedimented to a different density. This membrane component bound species specifically to sperm that had undergone the acrosome reaction. This binding led to an inhibition of the ability of treated sperm to fertilize eggs. Exhaustive proteolytic digestion of this receptor fraction yields a high molecular weight glycopeptide that can also bind to bindin. It therefore appears that this egg surface membrane fraction contains a functionally intact, species-specific receptor for sperm. PMID- 7299836 TI - Isolation of a high molecular weight glycoconjugate derived from the surface of S purpuratus eggs that is implicated in sperm adhesion. AB - Sea urchin sperm-egg adhesion is mediated by bindin, a sperm surface protein that has lectin-like activity. Bindin agglutinates eggs, and this interaction has been shown to be inhibited by glycopeptides released from the egg surface by protease treatment. In this study, we report the purification and properties of such an egg surface glycoconjugate that may be involved in sperm adhesion. The glycoconjugate was partially purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on bindin particles. Upon gel filtration on Sepharose CL 4-B, the glycoconjugate elutes near the void volume, suggesting that it has a molecular weight in excess of one million. In addition, we have found that the egg surface glycoconjugate agglutinates bindin particles, indicating that it is multivalent. Carbohydrate analysis indicates that the glycoconjugate is composed primarily of fucose, xylose, galactose, and glucose. This purified egg surface component is the most potent inhibitor of bindin-mediated egg agglutination yet described. PMID- 7299837 TI - Heparin-inhibitable lectins: marked similarities in chicken and rat. AB - Extracts of young rat lung contain a heparin-inhibitable lectin that closely resembles one recently purified from chicken liver. Both lectins interact with heparin and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and were purified by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B followed by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. They both behave as high molecular weight aggregates that can be dissociated into two peptides with apparent molecular weights of 13,000 and 16,000 by gel electrophoresis in SDS. Samples of purified lectin contained up to 20% DNA by weight, and the degree of lectin aggregation and hemagglutination activity was greatly reduced by treatment with micrococcal nuclease without inhibiting heparin binding activity. Association of lectin with DNA is an artifact of homogenization in high salt, since only 2% of the lectin is found associated with a purified nuclear fraction. PMID- 7299838 TI - Two chick embryonic adhesion systems: molecular vs tissue specificity. AB - We have investigated the adhesive properties of cells from several neural and nonneural chick embryonic tissues dissociated using modifications of the standard dissociation procedures employed routinely in this laboratory to obtain retinal cells. Each of these tissues (7-day optic tectum, retina, and heart, and 3.75-day limb bud) displayed both Ca++-dependent (CD) and Ca++-independent (CI) aggregation, the relative rates of which differed from tissue to tissue. In every case, cells prepared so as to display one mode of aggregation or the other cross adhered readily to cells--regardless of tissue origin--displaying the same mode of aggregation. Cross adhesion was negligible between cells--even from the same tissue--prepared so as to display different modes of aggregation. Anti-retinal Fab molecules which inhibit selectively either the CI or CD aggregation of retina cells strongly inhibited the corresponding aggregation of optic tectum cells, but had no effect upon the aggregation (CI or CD) of heart cells. These results demonstrate the existence in the tissues examined of dual adhesion mechanisms similar in Ca++ dependence and recognition properties to those of the retina, but showing certain immunological distinctions from the latter. The immunological relationship among the adhesion mechanisms from the various tissues is under continuing investigation. PMID- 7299839 TI - Bacterial attachment as related to cellular recognition in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. AB - Bacterial attachment is viewed as a cellular recognition event during the infection of legumes by the nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Rhizobium. Studies on the biochemical basis of selective attachment are reviewed, and suggest that this recognition process is accomplished by specific glycoprotein lectin polysaccharide interactions on the surfaces of the symbionts. An understanding of host specificity may lead to ways to broaden the host range of nitrogen-fixing symbioses. PMID- 7299840 TI - The in vivo formation and repair of DNA adducts from 1'-hydroxysafrole. AB - 1'-Hydroxysafrole is a proximate carcinogenic metabolite of the naturally occurring hepatocarcinogen safrole. Comparison by high-performance liquid chromatography of the nucleoside adducts obtained from hepatic DNA of adult female mice treated with [2',3'-3H]1'-hydroxysafrole with those formed by reaction of deoxyribonucleosides with electrophilic derivatives of 1' hydroxysafrole indicated that the four in vivo adducts studied were derived from an ester of 1'-hydroxysafrole. Three of the four adducts comigrated with products of the reaction of 1'-acetoxysafrole with deoxyguanosine, whereas the fourth adduct comigrated with the major reaction product of the ester with deoxyadenosine. Analysis of the three deoxyguanosine adducts indicated that all three involve substitution on the 2-amino group of guanine. A sample of ther major adduct prepared from deoxyguanylic acid has been characterized from its NMR spectrum as N2-(trans-isosafrol-3'-yl)-deoxyguanosine, and the deoxyadenosine adduct has been similarly characterized as N6-(trans-isosafrol-3'-yl) deoxyadenosine. Repair replication was measured in cultured human T98G cells exposed to 1'-acetoxysafrole using the combined 5-bromodeoxyuridine density label and radioisotopic label method. At a concentration of 1 mM 1'-acetoxysafrole, the amount of repair synthesis approached maximum values only about 15% of those obtained after saturating doses of ultraviolet light. Repair patch size distribution was found to be similar in cells treated with ultraviolet light or 1'-acetoxysafrole as determined by the density of repair-labeled DNA relative to that of parental DNA. PMID- 7299841 TI - Ligatin binds phosphohexose residues on acidic hydrolases. AB - Ligatin, a receptor that recognizes phosphorylated sugars, was isolated from plasma membranes of mouse macrophages, rat ileum, and rat brain. Several acidic hydrolases including N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) were solubilized with this receptor. The solubilized beta-NAG bound to ligatin in vitro as demonstrated by affinity chromatography using the immobilized receptor. beta-N Acetyl D-glucosaminidase-ligatin complexes were dissociated by low concentrations of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) and/or glucose 1-phosphate (Glc 1P). The effectiveness of these two phosphomonosaccharides varied depending on the source of the enzyme: ileal beta-NAG-ligatin complexes showed a four-fold preferential dissociation with Man6P; macrophage complexes showed a 160-fold preferential dissociation with Glc 1P. Brain complexes dissociated with nearly equal preference for Man6P and Glc 1P. Heterologous complexes displayed the specificity characteristic of the source of the enzyme regardless of the source of the ligatin. Treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with endoglucosaminidase H released phosphorous-32 label from these enzymes and prevented binding of beta NAG to ligatin. However, treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with alkaline phosphatase reduced the binding of beta-NAG to ligatin by no more than 30%. This apparent resistance of beta-NAG to dephosphorylation was consistent with the chromatographic behavior of QAE of 3H-labeled acidic oligosaccharides isolated from the solubilized hydrolases. The oligosaccharides that contain phosphorylated hexose were less acidic than phosphomonoesters and were insensitive to alkaline phosphatase until subjected to acid hydrolysis. These results suggested the presence of a phosphodiester on beta-NAG analogous to the NAC glucosamine 1 P6 mannose present on beta-glucuronidase isolated from mouse lymphoma cells (Tabas I, Kornfield, S: J Biol Chem 255: 6633, 1980). PMID- 7299842 TI - Biochemical analysis of an MHC-linked hematopoietic cell surface antigen, Qa-2. AB - The region of the murine 17th chromosome telomeric to H-2D encodes a group of serologically defined cell surface antigens termed Qa-1-5. These antigens are of interest because their expression is restricted to hematopoietic cells. In addition, the molecular weight and subunit structure (ie, association with beta-2 microglobulin) of Qa-2 molecules are similar to H-2 and TL antigens. In the present studies, we have prepared isotopically labeled Qa-2 and H-2 molecules from mitogen-stimulated C57BL/6 spleen cells. Comparative peptide mapping of tryptic peptides from Qa-2 and H-2 molecules (Kb, DbKk, Dd) reveal that Qa-2 has a unique primary structure. However, considerable homology is indicated since 30- 40% of the Qa-2 peptides cochromatograph with peptides derived from H-2Kb, H-2Db, H-2Kk, and H-2Dd. Studies by other investigators have demonstrated that similar levels of structural homology are observed when H-2K, H-2D, and H-2L tryptic peptides are analyzed. We conclude from these studies that the Qa-2 alloantigen is structurally related to a class of cell surface molecules (ie, H-2) that play critical roles in immune recognition processes. These data further suggest that the genes encoding Qa-2 and H-2 molecules have arisen from a common primordial gene. PMID- 7299843 TI - Reorganization and orientation of regenerating nerve fibres, perineurium, and epineurium in preformed mesothelial tubes - an experimental study on the sciatic nerve of rats. AB - Regeneration of severed peripheral nerves is unfortunately often incomplete, due to loss of nerve fibers and neuroma formation. A new approach is presented with the intention of improving the conditions for nerve repair. In the first of the two stages, a pseudosynovial tube is formed around a silicone rubber rod, surrounded by a stainless steel spiral, which was placed in the backs of rats. This tube, in the second stage, is used as a free "tube graft" to bridge gaps of about 10-12 mm lengths in the severed sciatic nerve. The tube was kept open by the metal spiral. Regenerating nerve fibers with their sprouts grew into the initially open space in the tube. A new nerve trunk was formed, comprised of closely packed myelinated and unmyelinated axons, organized into fascicles. Demonstration by electron microscopy and by EMG recording of reinnervation of foot muscles supported successful long-term results. The fascicles were delimited by perineurial and epineurial sheaths and, furthermore, showed signs of maturation. It was also demonstrated that the nerve-fiber regeneration ceased after a few weeks if there was no distal nerve inserted into the tube. The importance of optimizing the interaction between local factors and regenerating nerve fibers for reestablishment of functionally valuable motor units is discussed. PMID- 7299844 TI - Regional circadian variation of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors in the rat brain. AB - The level of binding of a labeled acetylcholine muscarinic antagonist (quinuclidinyl benzilate) to different cerebral membranes has been measured. Of the regions examined, circadian rhythmicity of binding could only be detected significantly in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus and not in the cerebral cortex, striatum, or cerebellum. PMID- 7299845 TI - Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts from controls and patients with dystonia musculorum deformans. AB - Fibroblasts provide a source of living cells that can be obtained easily from humans and used to evaluate inherited differences in the activities of enzymes important in neurotransmitter and drug metabolism. Here, we describe biochemical characteristics of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.6) activity in homogenates of cultured human skin fibroblasts. Many properties of the enzyme, including apparent affinity for dihydroxybenzoic acid and S-adenosyl methionine, optimal pH and (Mg++), and inhibition by Ca++, are similar to those reported in lysates of human erythrocytes. Culture and assay conditions have been established for optimal and reproducible measurement of COMT activity in individual fibroblast lines. In 16 control lines, COMT activity ranged from 115 to 263 pmol/min/mg protein with a mean of 181 pmol/min/mg protein. Enzyme activity did not vary with the age or sex of the donor. The COMT activities in fibroblasts from eight patients with dystonia musculorum deformans, an inherited movement disorder of unknown etiology, were not significantly different from controls. Monoamine oxidase (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) type A activity was measured in 12 lines from patients with dystonia, and values did not differ significantly from age- and sex matched controls. We conclude that inherited variation in activity of these two catabolic enzymes is not sufficient to explain alterations in monoamine metabolism described in this disorder. PMID- 7299846 TI - Synthesis of gangliosides by cultured oligodendrocytes. AB - Gangliosides are enriched in the nervous system compared to other tissues. The synthesis of gangliosides by monolayer cultures of isolated oligodendrocytes has not previously been investigated. Cells were labeled with [3H] galactose at preselected times and gangliosides isolated by phase partition, purified, and identified by chromatography. Cultured oligodendrocytes showed selectivity in their synthesis of gangliosides, which was expressed in the type of ganglioside synthesized as well as in the change of incorporation over time in culture. For the first ten days, there was very little incorporation of [3H] galactose in gangliosides, but this was followed by a stimulation of uptake for GM3, GM1/GD3, and GD1 gangliosides, reaching a maximum after approximately 25-30 days in vitro. There was little incorporation into GM2 or trisialogangliosides throughout the life of the cultures. Since oligodendrocytes synthesize extensive membranes during this period, one may speculate that the de novo-synthesized gangliosides are used for membranes. PMID- 7299847 TI - Effect of nerve growth factor producing cells on anaplastic glioma and pheochromocytoma clones: involvement of other factors. AB - When the NGF-secreting C-6 rat glioma cells were intracerebrally injected with F98 rat anaplastic glioma cells into rats syngeneic for the F98 cells, an increased mean survival time was observed for rats developing tumors compared with those injected with only anaplastic glioma cells. Thirty percent of the rats injected with both cell types showed no signs of tumor at 90 days. Pretreatment of the anaplastic glioma cells with conditioned medium of C-6 cells did not duplicate these results unless the C-6 cells were pretreated with 17 beta estradiol, which appears to induce secretion of an adhesion factor as well as NGF. These rats survived even longer and 33% were free of tumors at 90 days. Histological examination of tumors of the nonsurviving rats revealed that they were basically well differentiated with only small anaplastic areas remaining. Both NGF and conditioned medium from C-6 and another NGF-secreting line, S-180 mouse sarcoma, induce process formation in F98 cells and in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, but the processes that appear following NGF exposure are morphologically different from those induced by conditioned medium. Conditioned -medium-treated cells also have a flatter appearance. In F98 cells, NGF takes longer to induce processes than does conditioned medium. The NGF-induced effects observed in both cells are neutralized by anti-NGF IgG, but those induced by conditioned media are not. Nerve growth factor (NGF) induced increased adhesiveness in F98 rat anaplastic glioma and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Conditioned media are not. Nerve growth factor induced increased adhesive-and PCuced effects observed in both cells are neutralized by anti-NGF IgG, but those induced by conditioned media are not. Nerve growth factor (NGF) induced increased adhesiveness in F98 rat anaplastic glioma and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Conditioned media are not. Nerve growth factor induced increased adhesive-and PCuced effects observed in both cells are neutralized by anti-NGF IgG, but those induced by conditioned media are not. Nerve growth factor (NGF) induced increased adhesiveness in F98 rat anaplastic glioma and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Conditioned media are not. Nerve growth factor induced increased adhesive-and PC12 cells. Anti-NGF IgG did not influence this effect on F98 cells and only partially neutralized the effect on PC12 cells, indicating that other factors may be operative in this system. Conditioned medium collected from C-6 cells pretreated with 17 beta estradiol induced the highest degree of adhesiveness observed in both F98 and PC12 cells, and this action was unaffected by anti-NGF IgG in either case. Conditioned media from other cell lines, a variety of selected proteins, and dBcAMP did not induce increased adhesiveness. The factor responsible for this effect is nondialyzable, heat-sensitive, and ammonium-sulfate-precipitable, and its secretion appears to be stimulated by 17 beta-estradiol. PMID- 7299848 TI - Effect of hypoxia on the incorporation of [2-3H] glycerol and [1-14C[-palmitate into lipids of various brain regions. AB - The lipid metabolism in guinea pig brain after intermittent hypoxia, prolonged for 80 hrs, was markedly impaired. The in vivo incorporation of [2-3H] glycerol adn [1-14C] palmitate into lipids of microsomes, mitochondria, myelin, and synaptosomes, purified form cerebral hemispheres, was significantly lower in the hypoxic animals than in the controls. The same effect was observed on the incorporation of labeled precursors into lipids of mitochondria purified from cerebellum and brainstem. In particular, the labeling of th major phospholipids present - ie, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) - in the mitochondria of the three brain regions examined decreased after hypoxic treatment. PMID- 7299849 TI - Effect of CDP-choline on the biosynthesis of phospholipids in brain regions during hypoxic treatment. AB - Acute administration of CDP-choline (i.p. 100 mg/Kg b.w.), 10 min before the intraventricular injection of labeled precursors, [2-3H] glycerol and [1-14C] palmitate, was able to correct the impairment caused by hypoxic treatment of lipid metabolism in some brain regions, ie, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brainstem. After CDP-choline treatment, an increase of the specific radioactivity of total lipids and of phospholipids was observed in mitochondria purified from the three above-mentioned brain regions of the hypoxic animals, while no effect on the other subcellular fractions was found. CDP-Choline had a stimulating effect particularly on the incorporation of both precursors into mitochondrial PC, PE, and polyglycerophosphatides isolated form the three brain regions examined. The results obtained show that the action of CDP-choline in restoring lipid metabolism was more pronounced in brain mitochondria, which, among subcellular fractions, were the most affected by the hypoxic treatment. PMID- 7299850 TI - Isolation and partial amino acid sequence analysis of nerve growth factor from the guinea pig prostate. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been purified from the guinea pig prostate using a modification of the Bocchini-Angeletti method for isolating 2.5S NGF from mouse submaxillary glands. As with the mouse preparation, guinea pig prostate NGF appears to migrate as a high molecular weight entity at physiological pH. Following dissociation, NGF, active in neurite proliferation assays and similar in size to mouse 2.5S NGF, can be isolated by chromatography on a column of carboxymethyl-cellulose at pH 4.8. Based on gel filtration, SDS-polyacrylamide gel analysis, and amino-terminal sequence studies, this material consists of two, noncovalently linked, identical polypeptide chains each with a molecule weight of about 13,000. The amino-terminal third of the polypeptide chain is at 90% identical to the corresponding region of the murine molecule, confirming the homology of the guinea pig prostate protein to NGFs obtained from different tissues in other species. However, in contrast to the mouse preparation, the putative high molecular weight form of guinea pig NGF does not contain a subunit with arginine esteropeptidase activity. Although there is an abundance of this enzymatic activity in the homogenate, it does not appear to be associated with the fractions containing NGF. This apparent difference in the mouse and guinea pig material is of interest because the mouse gamma subunit, possessing the arginine esteropeptidase activity, has been alleged to participate in the processing of a precursor of the beta NGF polypeptide chain. PMID- 7299851 TI - Effect of taurine on seizures induced by 4-aminopyridine. AB - The effect of intraperitoneally injected taurine against the convulsive activity induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) was studied in 12- to 15-day-old mice. At a dose of 2.6 mg/kg, taurine increased the latency of clonic seizures from 7 to 20 minutes, reduced the incidence of tonic seizures from 92% to 30% and the postconvulsive mortality from 80% to 31%. The injection of EDTA prior to the administration of taurine prevented the protective effects of the amino acid. GABA and glycine at the same doses did not protect against 4-AP-induced seizures. 4-AP caused a small increase (19%) in 45Ca accumulation by mice brain synaptosomes incubated in a Krebs-HEPES medium containing low CaCl2 (0.1 mM) and also slightly potentiated the veratrine and potassium-induced increase in calcium accumulation. 4-AP at concentrations of 1-2 mM caused a marked increase (100% 500%) of 45 Ca accumulation by synaptosomes incubated in a Krebs-bicarbonate medium containing 2.5 mM CaCl2. This increase was completely antagonized by taurine but not by GABA of glycine. The present observations suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of taurine might be mediated by 4-AP-calcium-taurine interactions. PMID- 7299852 TI - Bouton renewal patterns in rat hindlimb cortex after thoracic dorsal funicular lesions. AB - The transneuronal effect of bilateral, dorsal funicular lesions (T 12) on the frequency of boutons on cells in layer IV of hindlimb cortex was studied. Adult rats were utilized 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45, 60, 90, or 120 days postoperative (DPO), and tissue was processed for the light microscopic visualization of silver impregnated boutons (Rasmussen method). Bouton counts were taken on soma, or along 5- and 10-micrometers segments or proximal dendrite branching from soma. The soma diameter also was measured on those neurons chosen for bouton counts on the circumference of the soma. Statistically significant, increased afferentation on soma and proximal dendrite occurred during the first postlesion week relative to longer survival times; bouton counts on the proximal dendrite showed a trend (not statistically significant) toward increases above normal. These data mirror similar, consistent increases in bouton counts reported in thalamic ventroposterolateral nucleus of these same cases. At 14 DPO, bouton counts on the soma decreased below normal (P less than 0.005) and, except at 60 DPO, remained so through 120 DPO (P less than 0.025). Bouton counts on the proximal dendrite also decreased below normal at 14 DPO (P less than 0.005), thereafter exhibiting either periodic (along 5-micrometers) or extended (along 10-micrometers) periods in significant decreases from normal. Correlations in lesioned cases between the number of boutons on the soma and either bouton counts on proximal dendrite or soma diameter were positive and statistically significant (P less than 0.005 in all correlations). Possible anterograde (via the dorsal column-medial lemniscal system) and/or retrograde (via the corticospinal tract) transneuronal mediation of these effects in hindlimb cortex is discussed. PMID- 7299853 TI - Covalent interaction of [3H]-dopamine with rat brain proteins in vivo and with the dopamine-reuptake site of nerve endings in vitro. AB - Isolated nerve endings have been demonstrated to undergo saturable, covalent interactions with [3H]-dopamine under physiological conditions; and the reaction is greatly accelerated by flash photolysis with ultraviolet light. With intact nerve endings, under conditions where dopamine reuptake occurs, benztropine and cocaine (inhibitors of dopamine reuptake), but not atropine or haloperidol (a postsynaptic antagonist), prevent the reaction. The reaction also occurs in vivo following the intraventricular administration of [3H]-dopamine, the reaction being greatest with mitochondria, followed by the nerve ending and myelin. With the use of sodium dodecylsulfate-gel electrophoresis, a number of proteins of varying molecular weight were labeled, and the pattern of labeling was similar in vitro and in vivo. One protein, with a MW of about 60,000 was labeled to an exceptionally high degree. A number of protein bands showed decreased radiolabeling in the presence of benztropine, a finding which suggests that they may be associated with the reuptake site. Both the addition of ascorbic acid and unlabeled dopamine inhibited the reactivity of [3H]-dopamine, and the effects were concentration dependent. In the absence of photolysis, the reaction (3H] dopamine to synaptic membranes attained saturation within 10 min, but with photolysis and reaction continued at a constant rate even after 20 min. The results are discussed in relation to the use of [3H]-dopamine as a photoaffinity label of the dopamine reuptake site and in relation to the nature of the reactions with and without photolysis. PMID- 7299854 TI - Studies on the effect of pesticides on the reproduction of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. I. Effects of chemicals administered during the larval stage on egg laying and hatching. AB - The administration of sublethal pesticide doses to silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) larvae resulted in marked reproductive abnormalities: a decrease in the total number of eggs laid; an increase in the number of non-fertilized eggs; the death of embryos in the early developmental stage; the inability of embryos, developed to the stage just before hatching, to hatch; and the death of newly hatched silkworms. PMID- 7299855 TI - Relationship of carbon tetrachloride-induced alterations of ligandin and Z protein to sulfobromophthalein transport in rat liver. AB - The relationship of the BSP retaining capacity of organic anion binding protein in the liver to the transport of BSP from plasma to bile was examined in CCl4 treated rats. These proteins were separated into ligandin and Z protein by Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography. The BSP retaining capacity of these proteins was significantly decreased by CCl4 administration (2.5 ml/kg, p.o.). At 3 hours after CCl4, this decreased capacity was caused mainly by the decrease in their binding affinity, at 24 hours after CCl4, however, it was accompanied by decreases in both their binding affinity and protein amounts. At 3 hours, the hepatic uptake of BSP evaluated by determination of plasma BSP concentration, the initial disappearance rate (K1), and the hepatic dye content did not differ from those in the controls, and biliary excretion of BSP was unchanged. At 24 hours, hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of BSP as well as bile flow were significantly decreased. From these results, it is suggested that the alteration in the retaining capacity of ligandin and Z protein would not be a determinant factor in the transfer of BSP from plasma to bile. PMID- 7299856 TI - A comparative study on the effects of paraquat and diquat on cultured human cells. AB - The effects of paraquat on human embryonic somatic cells were compared with those of diquat, which is a bipyridylium compound similar to paraquat. Cell lesions, mainly fatty degeneration, were observed after staining with Sudan Black B. Both herbicides caused fatty degeneration in the cells even at a concentration of 1 ppm; paraquat also caused more vacuolar degeneration at 200 to 400 ppm, than did diquat. Paraquat caused slightly higher lactate dehydrogenase activity than did diquat. The cell mortality was examined by staining with nigrosine and calculating the number of dead and damaged cells. The cell mortality for diquat was higher than that for paraquat at all concentrations but not significantly (p less than 0.05). PMID- 7299857 TI - [Acute toxicity of ketoprofen intrarectally administered in rats, with special reference to histopathological changes (author's transl)]. AB - Acute toxicity was studied on Ketoprofen, one of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory analgesics, using SPF rats. Ketoprofen was intrarectally administered in three forms such as pure powder (KP), KP suspension in CMC solution (KP-CMC) and a mixture of KP with powdered basic materials of capsule (KP-T10). The results obtained were as follows:1. LD50 values of terms of KP were 84 mg/kg in male rats and 122 mg/kg in female rats when KP-CMC was administered intrarectally, and 117 mg/kg in male and 92 mg/kg in female when KP-T10 was administered intrarectally., while peroral administration of KP-CMC showed LD50 values of 68 mg/kg in males and 78 mg/kg in females in terms of KP. 2. Major toxic signs of KP were ulceration on small intestines and peritonitis. Degeneration of hepathocytes and decrease in thymus lymphocytes were also observed. 3. Minimum lethal dose of KP-T10 was slightly higher than that of KP CMC. PMID- 7299858 TI - [Toxicological study on the anorectal irritation and systemic organ toxicity evoked by long-term intrarectal administration of ketoprofen in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - Ketoprofen (KP) was administered intrarectally and perorally to rabbits weighing approximately 3 kg of both sexes for a period of 13 weeks, in order to study the anorectal irritation and chronic systemic organ toxicity of KP which was capsulated with the soft T10 capsule for rectal administration and with a hard capsule for peroral administration. Doses of capsulated drugs for one animal were 9.0 mg and 4.5 mg in terms of KP. All animals treated by these dose levels survived without showing any abnormal symptoms. Intrarectal administration of KP T10 did not produce any mucosal lesions in digestive tracts, while peroral administration of KP with hard capsule induced ulcers in cecum or anus, and congestion in small intestines in a small number of cases. No pathological change was recognized in organs except for digestive tracts in all cases by autopsy. From the above results, it can be seen that the suppository of KP capsulated by the soft T10 does not show any irritating effect on anorectal mucosa and has no toxic effect on all organs systemically. Then, a suppository of KP-T10 can be used more harmlessly than the peroral capsulated KP. PMID- 7299859 TI - Ultrastructural aspects of cooled thermal injury. AB - This study reports on the effects of early cooling on the morphology of partial thickness burns. After 10% body surface dorsal scald burns at 75 degrees C for 10 seconds, guinea pigs were treated by ice-water immersion at 10 minutes postburn of only the burned surface for 30 minutes. Skin samples from treated and untreated burn wounds were examined at 2, 8, 24, and 96 hours postburn by light and electron microscopy. During the first 24 hours, cooling was associated with reduced loss of epidermis and reduced damage to the basement membrane. There was also less damage to the dermal microvasculature and less edema fluid compared to untreated burn wounds. At 96 hours, the cooled burn wounds demonstrated minimal dermal hemorrhage and polymorphonuclear leukocytic infiltration, compared to the untreated wounds. These results indicate that on a cellular level, cooling has beneficial effects on the experimental burn wound. PMID- 7299860 TI - Postconcussive hospital observation of alert patients in primary trauma center. AB - The medical justification for many postconcussive hospital admissions (one fourth of all trauma admissions) is unsettled, as are the potential legal consequences of nonadmission. Three hundred thirty-three patients with Class I level of consciousness (9) (alert, responsive to questions and complex commands, may be disoriented and/or confused) were admitted during a 6-month period. Seventy-nine per cent had sustained loss of consciousness. Eighty-one per cent were admitted solely for neurologic observation. Thirteen per cent of the patients had skull fractures. Patients admitted with localized neurologic findings were most likely to have skull fractures (8/16). Thirty per cent of the confirmed skull fractures occurred in patients without 'high yield' criteria for skull roentgenograms. No deaths and no neurologic sequelae occurred among the patients without skull fractures. In contrast, among the 43 patients with skull fractures, one patient died of neurologic injuries, seven patients developed major neurologic sequelae, and eight patients required neurosurgical intervention. In our series, only the presence of a skull fracture was of grave prognostic significance among patients with Class I level of consciousness following closed head injuries. No benefit was derived from the precautionary admission of patients with Class I level of consciousness following closed head injuries who did not sustain skull fractures. PMID- 7299861 TI - Hemodynamic effects of Medical Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST garment). AB - Despite widespread use of the Medical Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST) little is known about the exact mechanism by which they increase arterial pressure. It is assumed that an autotransfusion occurs. To examine this question, blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow, cardiac output, and stroke volume were measured in ten healthy adults, supine and during 60 degree headup tilt with MAST garment pressures of 409 and 100 mm Hg. Supine, the garment produced no net 'autotransfusion,' but raised blood pressure (27%) by increasing peripheral resistance (48%) with decreased stroke volume and cardiac output (18%). During headup tilt without the MAST device, venous pooling in the legs decreased stroke volume (52%), cardiac output (30%), and increased total peripheral resistance (40%). Application of the garment during tilt shifted this blood centrally, producing increased stroke volume (52%), cardiac output (30%), and increased total peripheral resistance (40%). Application of the garment during tilt shifted this blood centrally, producing increased stroke volume (14%). In supine normovolemic subjects, the garment raised pressure almost exclusively by increased systemic afterload. Forearm vascular resistance did not change and the increased pressure augmented flow to the arm, i.e., to noncompressed tissue. With increased venous pooling during tilt, the MAST garment acted as a 'G-suit' and caused a central shift of blood volume. These findings could explain: 1) why fluid replacement is not always adequate to maintain pressure when deflating the trousers; 2) why the trousers should not be used if one wishes to avoid increasing afterload (e.g., certain patients with acute myocardial infarction). We conclude that the MAST garment acts as a local, effective, nonpharmacologic vasoconstrictor and should be used when such an effect is clinically appropriate. PMID- 7299862 TI - Resuscitation with pyridoxalated stroma free hemoglobin: tolerance to sepsis. AB - The contribution of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in pyridoxalated stroma free hemoglobin (SFH-P) clearance may be insignificant. The magnitude of this is not at present clear. Any compromise of RES function would militate against its potential benefit as an oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluid. The relationship between lethal hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with SFH-P and subsequent host depression was examined in a rat model. Host tolerance to a standard intra abdominal polymicrobial septic challenge was assessed 5 days after hemorrhagic shock. Shock resuscitation with pyridoxalated stroma-free hemoglobin was equal to or better than all other resuscitation groups evaluated. Tolerance to a standard septic challenge 5 days after resuscitation was no different between resuscitation groups. There appears to be no compromise to host defense in general in tolerating intra-abdominal sepsis 5 days following shock resuscitation with pyridoxalated stroma-free hemoglobin. PMID- 7299863 TI - Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of ankle injuries. AB - This paper discusses some of the problems encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of 371 ankle fractures treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center over a 14-year period, 1965-1979. Seven of these injuries required major reconstructive procedures after failure of initial treatment and 11 fractures required eventual ankle arthrodesis. The causes of failures of the initial treatment of these 18 cases are discussed. The extent of involvement of the articular surface of the tibia as seen on the original post-injury roentgenogram correlated closely with the extent of subsequent ankle arthrosis. The second most important prognostic feature was recognition or failure to recognize rupture of the distal tibio-fibular syndesmosis, its reduction, and maintenance of reduction until complete healing had occurred. The importance of stabilization of the fibula, maintaining its anatomic length, is emphasized. Closed reductions were as successful as open reductions and internal fixation only when reduction was accurate and maintained until healing was complete. Extensive injuries, particularly the Dupuytren and pilon fractures, are best treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The surgical techniques are demanding and technical errors must be avoided if optimal results are to be achieved. PMID- 7299864 TI - New concepts of pulmonary burn injury. AB - Based on our experience with two large groups of fire victims injured in a semiclosed environment, the clinical course of the survivors, and the pathologic examination of those who died, a modified classification of pulmonary burns into thermal burns and chemical burns is suggested. The results of our study indicate a close relationship between carbon monoxide poisoning and chemical intoxication in patients injured in a relatively closed environment. The clinical course and prognosis of patients suffering from a thermal pulmonary burn are different from that of a chemical pulmonary burn. PMID- 7299865 TI - Experimental inhalation injury in the goat. AB - Inhalation injuries are usually produced by inhalation of gaseous or particulate products of incomplete combustion and are rarely due to heat per se unless steam is inhaled. The clinical and anatomic characteristics of an appropriate animal model should mimic the disease encountered clinically. A model of inhalation injury has been produced in anesthetized goats through the use of a modified bee smoker. The smoke is delivered at a low temperature and contains byproducts of incomplete combustion. This reproducible injury produces necrotic tracheobronchitis and bronchiolitis with pseudomembrane and cast formation in association with mild multifocal atelectasis and bronchopneumonia. These lesions spontaneously resolve within 3 weeks without supportive therapy. The upper trachea, protected from smoke injury by the inflated cuff of the endotracheal tube, showed no evidence of injury. This nonlethal injury is proposed as an appropriate model for evaluation of the pathophysiology and treatment of inhalation injury. PMID- 7299866 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: VII. Reduction in plasma branched-chain amino acids--correlations with liver failure and amino acid infusion. AB - Lower fractional concentrations of branched-chain amino acids were found in trauma-septic patients who did not survive than in those who survived (p values less than or equal to 0.046 to 0.001). A liver dysfunction scale was constructed on the basis of the levels of plasma bilirubin, albumin, SGOT, prothrombin time, and neurologic encephalopathy. Increased liver dysfunction was associated with reduced plasma fractional branched-chain amino acids for all branched-chain amino acids in both the surviving and nonsurviving patients except for valine in the nonsurviving group. This decrease was statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.041 to 0.001) for leucine and isoleucine in the nonsurvivors and for valine in the survivors. The infusion of amino acids was associated with a decrease in the fractional concentrations in the nonsurvivors for leucine while the fractional concentrations of isoleucine in the nonsurvivors and isoleucine and valine in the survivors rose. The statistically significant changes (p less than 0.018 to 0.001) were for leucine in the nonsurvivors and isoleucine and valine in the survivors. When the liver dysfunction and amino acid infusion related changes are taken in;to account there were no significant differences in the fractional branched-chain concentrations between survivors and nonsurvivors. Liver dysfunction and low fractional branched-chain amino acids were linked in magnitude in a way that is consistent with the low branched-chain amino acids producing the liver dysfunction. PMID- 7299867 TI - Cefamandole for prophylaxis against infection in closed tube thoracostomy. AB - During an 18-month period, antibiotic prophylaxis in 120 patients undergoing closed tube thoracostomy was evaluated by a prospective, randomized double-blind technique. Forty-six subjects had sustained penetrating chest trauma. Either placebo (n = 60) or 1 gm/6 hours cefamandole (n = 60) was begun intravenously at the time of tube insertion and was continued intravenously or intramuscularly until the second day following tube removal. Cultures were taken of the pleural drainage, usually blood, at tube insertion, on tube removal, and on several occasions between those times. Antibiotic concentrations were determined biologically on the same specimens of pleural fluid as well as selectively on concomitant venous blood samples. Cultures were also obtained from all subsequent foci of infection, including the wound, any empyema, bronchial secretions, urine, or infected intravenous sites. Aerobic and anaerobic isolation and identification were carried out according to standard laboratory procedures with sensitivity testing (disc and tube dilution) only of the aerobes. Results demonstrated that infection of the lung and/or pleural space was eight times more common in the placebo groups (13.3%) than in the group receiving cefamandole (1.7%) (p less than 0.01). In addition, the single infection that developed despite use of the antibiotic was due to a susceptible organism. No major adverse drug reactions were noted. PMID- 7299868 TI - Penetrating injuries of the ureter. AB - Eighteen cases of penetrating ureteral injury encountered over 10 years are reviewed. Low-velocity gunshot was the mode of injury in 16. All levels of the ureter were represented with near-equal incidence. Stented uretero-ureterostomy was the primary mode of management, offering satisfactory results, with temporary urine leaks resolving spontaneously in four, responding to temporary catheter diversion in one, and requiring reoperation in two. Plastic stenting was inferior to silastic or rubber materials. Colon and/or bowel injury was universal and was not found to justify alteration in choice of surgical timing or technique, or to influence overall results. Adequately drained urine poses no threat to cicatricial stenosis. Urography is reliable; retrograde studies are dependable when urography is equivocal. PMID- 7299869 TI - High free fall with survival. AB - A free fall, the unimpeded drop of a body from a known point to a known impaction point, is common in modern society. Death usually results when distance is more than six stories. The following case report describes the circumstances which allowed a young man attempting suicide to survive a 17-storey free fall. Although his impact velocity was estimated to be 72 m.p.h. (uncorrected for air drag), he impacted in a supine position on an automobile trunk lid so that some of the force was dissipated by tires and shock absorbers. Multiple fractures and soft tissue injuries and a subsequent stress ulcer were successfully treated and the patient has a satisfactory level of physical activity while remaining under psychiatric care 1 year postinjury. PMID- 7299870 TI - Volar fracture-dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the index finger treated by delayed open reduction. AB - Isolated volar fracture dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the index finger is a rare injury and has apparently not previously been reported. We are presenting a case treated by delayed open reduction and internal fixation. Satisfactory but not anatomic reduction was obtained. The literature and anatomic factors are discussed. PMID- 7299871 TI - Irreducible tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocation. AB - Three mechanisms may prevent closed manipulative reduction of the tarsometatarsal fracture-dislocation: anterior tibialis tendon interposition, incongruity of the medial cuneiform-first metatarsal articulation, and interposition of a fracture fragment in the second metatarsal-intermediate cuneiform joint. Awareness of these mechanisms will assist in the surgical approach to athe irreducible tarsometatarsal fracture dislocation. Such an irreducible fracture-dislocation in a 25-year-old male was successfully reduced openly: anatomic reduction and normal passive range of ankle motion resulted. The patient had a slightly painful midfoot during walker ambulation 10 weeks postinjury. PMID- 7299872 TI - The medial triplane fracture: report of an unusual injury. AB - A case report of a medial triplane fracture of the distal tibia is presented, with successful open reduction of the fracture. The injury occurs across three planes, with medial and posterior displacement. Anatomic reduction is necessary to prevent articular surface incongruity or a growth disturbance. PMID- 7299873 TI - Efficacy of cimetidine in decreasing the acidity and volume of gastric contents: inadequacy of nasogastric suction and endotracheal intubation. PMID- 7299874 TI - Emergency thoracotomy. PMID- 7299875 TI - Oral therapy for diarrhoea: past, present and future. PMID- 7299876 TI - Proliferation of enteropathogens in oral rehydration solutions prepared with river water from Honduras and Surinam. AB - Oral rehydration of infants with diarrhoea is an effective therapy that is becoming increasingly available in developing countries. To formulate judicious recommendations for preparation and storage of such solutions, we assessed the capability of recognized bacterial enteropathogens to survive and proliferate in solutions made either with sterile distilled or river water collected in two developing countries. Shigella flexneri, an enteropathogen typically transmitted by faecal/oral contact rather than by water or food, survived very poorly. In contrast, Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, pathogens classically associated with transmission by food and water, reached concentrations of 103-104 per ml by 12 h and 104-106 by 24 h after inoculation of solutions made with river water and somewhat lower concentrations in distilled water. This potential exposure to bacteria must be considered in the context of the field situation where children are already ingesting high levels of bacteria in drinking water and food and where the oral rehydration solution would probably add little to their exposure. Although it is probably wise to prepare solutions fresh each day with water as free from faecal pollution as possible, in situations where lack of fuel to boil water or scarce supply of glucose/electrolyte packets preclude compliance with these recommendations prompt administration of oral rehydration solutions to infants with diarrhoea should nevertheless proceed. PMID- 7299877 TI - Snake venom antibodies in Ecuadorian Indians. AB - Serum samples from 223 Waorani Indians, a tribe in eastern Ecuador, were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to snake venom. Seventy-eight per cent were positive, confirming the highest incidence and mortality from snake bite poisoning yet recorded in the world. Most samples were positive for more than one venom antibody. Antibodies were found to venoms of Bothrops viper in 60% of positive cases, of Micrurus coral snake in 21%, and of the bushmaster, Lachesis muta, in 18%. Further studies are needed to determine whether high venom-antibody levels afford protection against further snake envenoming. PMID- 7299878 TI - The need for an integrated approach to the provision of essential health care services: a study from the Gambia. PMID- 7299879 TI - Notes on midgut cell nuclear coats in various tsetse species. AB - Coats were found on the midgut cell nuclei of G.m. morsitans, G. austeni, G. tachinoides, G. f. fuscipes and G. p. palpalis. No coat was found in G. p. gambiensis. The coats were of differing ultrastructural design and of different dimensions in each species. The appearance of the coat seems to be linked to the physiological train of events following the bloodmeal rather than to novel events such as viral or protozoal infection. The timing of its appearance varied among the different species examined. PMID- 7299881 TI - Some aspects of an epidemic of gastroenteritis in the Seychelles. PMID- 7299880 TI - Pinworm granuloma of cervix uteri--incidental observation following IUD use and cone biopsy. AB - A pinworm granuloma of cervix uteri was found incidentally in a hysterectomy specimen following cone biopsy for severe epithelial atypia. This lesion was regarded as too recently formed to be related to prior IUD use. The granuloma was apparently asymptomatic, as were 24 of 34 such lesions cited as involving uterus, adnexa or pelvic peritoneum or some combination of these sites. The only previous instance to be found of apparently deep cervical invasion by pinworms was associated with grossly evident carcinoma; the intact cervix has not yet been reported as subject to pinworm invasion. PMID- 7299882 TI - Major facial trauma--the effect of legislation. AB - In January 1976, new seat belt legislation was enacted and speed limits in Ontario were reduced from 70 to 60 miles per hour. This has led to a significant decrease in major facial trauma reducing the medical experience of the surgeons handling these problems. Major facial trauma, however, is often complex and may require the services of neurosurgery and ophthalmology. It compels the otolaryngologist to be aware of these complications so that effective and efficient treatment may be instigated. A recent case illustrates these complications. PMID- 7299883 TI - Muco-epidermoid carcinoma of the palate. AB - Muco-epidermoid carcinoma is the second most frequently occurring malignancy of the minor salivary glands representing 25 per cent of all malignancies, adenoid cystic being the more common tumor. It invariably presents as an asymptomatic lung without mucosal ulceration, 50 per cent of which occur on the palate. It is of great interest to the physician because it may be divided into two distinct categories dependent upon its cell composition - low grade malignancy or high grade. These have widely differing prognostic significance and require different modes of therapy. This is illustrated by five case histories which span the past seven years of the author's experience. PMID- 7299884 TI - Minor salivary gland carcinomas of the mouth and oropharynx. AB - Sixteen cases of minor salivary gland carcinomas of the mouth and oropharynx have been reviewed. During the 24 year period of the review, 170 cases of all malignancies were seen in these sites. The commonest salivary gland carcinoma was adenoid cystic carcinoma. The palate was the commonest site, and there was no sexual preference in incidence. The usual presentation was with pain, or a lump noticed by the patient in the 5th and 6th decade of life. The age distribution was wide, however, ranging from the 3rd to the 9th decade. Radiotherapy, surgery, or combined therapy gave equally variable results; however, surgical removal and high dose postoperative radiotherapy (over 6,700 rads) would appear to offer the best chance of cure in our cases. PMID- 7299885 TI - Anomalous course of the internal carotid artery - a warning. AB - A case of aberrant internal carotid artery, passing through the middle ear, is presented and the literature is reviewed, including modes of presentation and etiologic theory. The need for adequate pre-operative radiologic investigation in any suspected vascular lesion of the middle ear is stressed. PMID- 7299886 TI - Negative middle ear pressure induced by sniffing. A tympanometric study in persons with healthy ears. AB - In routine clinical tympanometry the finding of negative middle ear pressure is not uncommon. The traditional explanation of the negative pressure is that passive gas resorption takes place when the Eustachian tube is blocked. However, recent investigations in patients with middle ear disease have shown that a high negative intratympanic pressure can be actively induced by sniffing. In the present study 100 subjects with healthy ears were investigated by tympanometry in order to evaluate their ability to evacuate the middle ear by sniffing. Fourteen per cent were able to evacuate the middle ear to stable negative pressures ranging from -1.0 to -3.5 kPa, mean value -1.9 kPa (1 kPa corresponds approximately to 100 mm water). The present findings indicate that a sniff induced negative pressure is not pathological per se. A temporary negative middle ear pressure induced by sniffing can explain the presence of a type C tympanogram in patients with healthy ears. This findings also emphasizes the difficulty in determining the borderline between normal and pathological tympanograms. PMID- 7299887 TI - Hearing impairment and paraphrenia. AB - An elderly resident of a Home for the Aged, with an admission diagnosis of senile dementia, was referred for psychiatric assessment. Mental state examination revealed intact cognitive functions, but attitudes and beliefs symptomatic of paraphrenia, a late onset form of schizophrenia. Noting apparent hearing impairment, the psychiatrist suggested the patient be referred to the ENT clinic. ENT examination and audiological assessment revealed severe mixed hearing loss bilaterally, probably originating in early childhood. A hearing aid was prescribed, and the patient adjusted well to its use. On subsequent psychiatric examination, the patient demonstrated fewer disturbed behaviors and less delusional thought. It is suggested that conjoint assessment and treatment may be of benefit in diagnosis and management of behaviorally disturbed geriatric patients. PMID- 7299888 TI - Traumatic rupture of the eardrum with round window fistula. AB - Traumatic perilymphatic round window fistula may manifest itself with minimal cochleovestibular symptoms. Its association with tympanic membrane perforation secondary to ear washing has previously never been published. The rapid complete recuperation of cochleovestibular function after a conservative obliteration of the round window niche with fat and a myringoplasty, leads us to suggest early surgical intervention when there is evidence or high suspicion of perilymphatic fistula with a traumatic membrane perforation. PMID- 7299889 TI - Occult intralabyrinthine schwannoma. AB - Report of a case of an intralabynrinthine schwannoma discovered unexpectedly during a labyrinthectomy for intractable vertigo, and description of the light and electron microscopic appearances. Although only 18 of these tumors have been previously reported, it is possible that some cases which are categorized as peripheral vertigo of unknown origin, may be due to an occult Schwannoma. All material removed during surgical procedures on the inner ear should therefore be submitted for histopathological examination. PMID- 7299890 TI - Mastoid obliteration with primary ossicular reconstruction. AB - Soft tissue mastoid obliteration was used as a means to control a persistent draining mastoid cavity that would not respond to aggressive office management using meticulous cleansing, local antibiotics, and packing. Thirty-three draining cavities which could not be controlled medically, had soft tissue mastoid obliteration performed using a Palva flap. Of the 33 cases obliterated, 31 were successful in obtaining a dry cavity but two still required cleansing every four to six months. Primary reconstruction of the hearing mechanism was performed in 21 of the 33 cases, the others having severe pre-operative cochlear damage. Of those cases reconstructed, 13 were reconstructed using a TORP and eight were reconstructed using a hemi-incus interposition. PMID- 7299891 TI - House-Plester tympanoplasty. PMID- 7299893 TI - Effects of thyroidectomy on the adrenal cortex zona fasciculata. PMID- 7299892 TI - Histological and electron microscopic stereological study of the myocardium of newborn genetically cardiomyopathic hamsters. PMID- 7299894 TI - Membranes and microtubules of the mitotic apparatus of mammalian cells. PMID- 7299895 TI - Interstitial cells at the boundary between alveolar and extraalveolar connective tissue in the lung. PMID- 7299896 TI - Development of retinal pigment epithelial surface structures ensheathing cone outer segments in the cat. PMID- 7299897 TI - Sequence of cytological events during the process of local lesion formation in the tomato bushy stunt virus-Gomphrena globosa hypersensitive system. PMID- 7299898 TI - The formation of nucleolar perichromatin granules. PMID- 7299899 TI - Quantitative study of nuclear pore complexes in ventral prostate isolated nuclei from intact and castrated rats. PMID- 7299900 TI - Postnatal development of the rat adrenal cortex: an ultrastructural morphometric study. PMID- 7299901 TI - Ultrastructure of Leydig cells in the African green monkey. PMID- 7299902 TI - The ovary of the lobster, Homarus americanus. II. Structure of the mature follicle and origin of the chorion. PMID- 7299903 TI - Enamel crystallite growth: width and thickness study related to the possible presence of octocalcium phosphate during amelogenesis. PMID- 7299904 TI - Graded differences in tightness of ependymal intercellular junctions within and in the vicinity of the rat median eminence. PMID- 7299905 TI - Abstracts of the Thirty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Electron Microscopy. PMID- 7299906 TI - Phagocytosis and digestion of collagen by gingival fibroblasts in vivo: a study of serial sections. PMID- 7299907 TI - The fine structure of Cymbidium ringspot virus in host tissues. II. Light and electron microscopy of localized infections. PMID- 7299908 TI - The spermatozoa and spermiogenesis of Perophora formosana (Ascidia) with special reference to the striated apical structure and the filamentous structures in the mitochondrion. PMID- 7299909 TI - Evidence for two separate categories of junctional particle during the concurrent formation of tight and gap junctions. PMID- 7299910 TI - Relationship between ribonucleoprotein particle, containing heterogeneous RNA and ultrastructure and function of chromatin in purified rat hepatocyte nuclei. PMID- 7299911 TI - Evidence of a circadian rhythm in nucleolar components of rat superior cervical ganglion neurons with particular reference to the fibrillar centers: an ultrastructural and stereological analysis. PMID- 7299912 TI - The fine structure of Cymbidium ringspot virus in host tissues. I. Electron microscopy of systemic infections. PMID- 7299913 TI - Residual postoperative upper urinary tract stone. AB - Of 175 patients operated on from 1925 to 1955 for upper urinary tract stones, in whom immediate postoperative x-rays were available for study, there were 38 instances of false recurrence (22 percent). Subsequent review of the x-rays in a further 130 patients showed no residual stones and no stone had passed during the intervening period. This finding adjusted the rate of 12.5 per cent (38 instances in a series of 305 patients). The incidence of residual stones afer nephrolithotomy was 30 per cent. Factors responsible for a continuing high incidence of residual stones are discussed, along with important radiographic and surgical adjuvant techniques in their prevention. Proper use of these techniques should reduce the incidence of false recurrence to less than 10 per cent. Accurate intraoperative localization of the stones is of paramount importance. PMID- 7299914 TI - Penetrating injuries of the ureter. AB - We reviewed 18 cases of penetrating ureteral injury encountered during a 10-year interval. Low velocity gunshot injuries occurred in 16 patients. All levels of the ureter were represented with near equal incidence. Stented ureteroureterostomy was the primary mode of management and had satisfactory results, with temporary urine leaks resolving spontaneously in 4 patients, responding to temporary catheter diversion in 1 and requiring reoperation in 2. Plastic stents were inferior to silicone or rubber materials. Colon and/or bowel injury was universal and was not found to justify alteration in the choice of surgical timing or technique, or to influence over-all results. Adequately drained urine poses no threat of cicatrical stenosis. Excretory urography is reliable and retrograde studies are dependable when urography is equivocal. PMID- 7299915 TI - Regional lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer. AB - The prognosis for patients with bladder cancer metastatic to regional lymph nodes is dismal and only minimally altered by current treatment modalities. The 5-year survival rate after radical cystectomy for 134 bladder cancer patients with positive regional lymph nodes was only 7 per cent and 82 per cent of the patients died of bladder cancer. Stratification of patients into groups with varying extent of nodal disease showed a correlation between the level of nodal involvement and the interval to recurrence. While 38 per cent of the patients died of distant disease alone 25 per cent had only pelvic recurrence, indicating a possible therapeutic effect of a systmatic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and implicating extrapelvic disease as a major determinant of patient survival. PMID- 7299916 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. AB - Medical and surgical pathological records were analyzed for 46 patients with pure squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Nine patients had metastatic disease at the time of presentation and the remainder had disease limited to the bladder. The 5-year survival figures were 37 per cent for patients with submucosal and/or muscular invasion, and 13 per cent for those with perivesical invasion. No patient with extravesical disease survived 5 years. The best survival figures were encountered in patients who had preoperative radiation therapy followed by total cystectomy and urinary diversion compared to other modalities of treatment. Encouraged by these results we recommend preoperative radiation therapy followed by cystectomy and urinary diversion as the treatment of choice for patients with this uncommon bladder neoplasm. PMID- 7299917 TI - Bladder cancer-1981. PMID- 7299918 TI - Evolved improvements in placement of the silicone gel prosthesis for post prostatectomy incontinence. AB - During the last 2 1/2 years we have used the silicone gel prosthesis for 8 consecutive patients who were incontinent after prostatectomy. Although the prosthesis had to be replaced in 1 instance a satisfactory result has been obtained by each patient. We believe that with minimal patient selection successful results can be achieved in a large majority of such patients by implementing the evolved improvements in prosthesis placement: 1) use 4 serrated knee staples or George Washington modification to improve fixation, 2) release the urethral bulb from the central perineal tendon for better compression and 3) place the prosthesis higher on the ischiopubic rami. Avoidance of urethral erosion is the single most important aspect of the procedure and intraoperative urethral pressure profile may be helpful in this regard. Guidelines regarding the procedure, prosthesis injection and patient management are discussed briefly. PMID- 7299919 TI - Treatment of malignant tumors of the spermatic cord: a study of 10 cases and a review of the literature. AB - Ten patients with sarcoma of the spermatic cord were treated at our hospital between 1940 and 1977. Although there are 191 reported cases in the literature controversy remains concerning optimal treatment. In our series of 10 patients 5 of 7 (71 per cent) followed for more than 5 years postoperatively have suffered local recurrence. Thus, we believe that this treatment is inadequate and recommend postoperative radiation therapy to the scrotum and pelvis. Of our patients 2 suffered recurrence in the retroperitoneal lymphatics and we favor dissection of these nodes as part of the initial treatment. PMID- 7299920 TI - Transurethral resection of the prostate with partial resection of the seminal vesicle. AB - A retrospective study was done on 185 patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy. Of these patients 6 had seminal vesicle tissue in the resected specimen. The presence of the yellow-brown pigment, lipofuscin, in the seminal vesicle epithelium was a consistent finding and, often, paramount to differentiation from carcinoma of the prostate. There was no pathological misdiagnosis of malignancy in this series. Of the 6 patients 2 suffered acute epididymitis postoperatively and 1 had persistent microscopic hematuria 2 months postoperatively. The high incidence of postoperative epididymitis probably is owing to contamination of the seminal vesicles by bacteria. Acquired during urinary tract manipulation, having access to the seminal vesicles and, thus, the vas deferens. In these patients vasectomy and broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended because epididymal invasion by bacteria may already have occurred before pathologic diagnosis is obtained. PMID- 7299921 TI - Radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy: observations on the accuracy of staging with lymph node frozen sections. AB - The accuracy of intraoperative frozen section examination of excised lymph nodes was analyzed in 40 consecutive patients with clinical stages A2, B1 and B2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy immediately before anticipated radical prostatectomy. Lymph node metastases were observed with frozen sections and verified with paraffin sections in 5 cases (13 per cent). Among the 35 patients with negative frozen sections lymph node metastases were found with paraffin sections in 3 cases (9 per cent). Despite the potential for false negative findings we believe that intraoperative frozen sections constitute a practical method of pathologic staging prior to radical prostatectomy. PMID- 7299923 TI - Prevalence of urinary tract abnormalities in a large series of patients with uterovaginal atresia. AB - The morphology of the urinary tract was studied in 81 patients with uterovaginal atresia. Anomalies were found in 33 per cent of the cases. The most frequent abnormality was the presence of a solitary kidney either located normally or in the pelvis. These findings are discussed in light of the pertinent literature. PMID- 7299924 TI - The role of chlamydiae in genitourinary disease. AB - The incidence of chlamydial organisms in early morning urine specimens obtained from 53 men and 50 women without evidence of urinary tract pathology was 2 per cent in both groups. Early morning urine specimens and/or prostatic fluid or semen was examined in 50 patients with chronic prostatitis and 39 (56 per cent) yielded this organism. Of 31 patients with epididymo-orchitis the early morning urine specimens yielded chlamydiae in 12 (39 per cent) and in those with the acute form of disease the incidence was 56 per cent. The chlamydia recovery rate was 27 per cent in 119 women with cystourethritis. Within these groups of patients approximately 50 per cent of sexual partners had urine cultures positive for chlamydia. The importance of reinfection and the need for careful treatment of patients and consort should be stressed. An appropriate transport medium is necessary for specimen collection and adequate culture facilities are required to achieve effective chlamydial recovery. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline were used effectively in the study for primary and secondary drug therapy. PMID- 7299922 TI - Complication of 125 iodine implantation and pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic cancer with special reference to patients who had failed external beam therapy as their initial mode of therapy. PMID- 7299925 TI - Metabolic effects of bendroflumethiazide in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stone disease. AB - Two groups of patients with urolithiasis were treated with 2.5 mg. (group A) and 5.0 mg. (group B) bendroflumethiazide daily. There were 14 men and 3 women in group A, and 14 men and 2 women in group B in whom metabolic effects were followed during 1 year of treatment. Serum calcium was significantly increased in group B after 1 month but later returned to the pretreatment level. A significant decrease in serum magnesium was recorded in group B after 6 and 10 months. No significant effect on serum calcium or magnesium was observed in group A. Serum potassium decreased in both groups but serum urate remained at the pre-treatment level. An increased alkalinity was noted in both groups. Urinary calcium was decreased significantly only in group B. Although significantly increased excretion of magnesium was observed after 1 and 6 months in group A this was not encountered in group B, and after 12 months urinary magnesium was at the pre treatment level in both groups. Urinary excretion of oxalate, urate and citrate appeared to be unaffected by the treatment. The inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth and urine volume did not change. The calcium/magnesium quotient decreased in both groups as did the calcium times oxalate/ magnesium quotient. The main metabolic effect of bendroflumethiazide, with respect to its stone prophylactic property, appears to be a decrease in the calcium/magnesium quotient and a dose of 5 mg. per day probably is more satisfactory than a 2.5 mg. dose. PMID- 7299926 TI - Urinary retention secondary to Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - We report on 2 patients who presented with voiding abnormalities and were found to have the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome. Urodynamic evaluation documented a motor paralytic bladder with denervation of the periurethral striated muscle in 1 case. The other patient recovered before denervation could be confirmed by urodynamic study. Although a motor paralytic bladder is anticipated, based on the pathophysiology of the Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome, it has not been documented previously in the literature. PMID- 7299927 TI - Vaginal amplification using a posterolateral Y-V plasty. AB - Problems encountered in attempts to construct a normal vaginal orifice in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have met with great difficulty. Many procedures are complicated by failure to achieve adequate patency at the time of operation and/or by postoperative stenosis. The usual method of direct posterior Y-V vaginoplasty has been altered by bringing the V flap in from the side of the perineum, between the inferior aspect of the labium majus and the median perineal raphe. Thereby, a thicker, large, more pliable and more moveable flap is obtained. The 11 children on whom this method was done are presented. Followup is from 6 months to 5 1/2 years. The importance of teaching the parents or child the use of home vaginal dilation with Hegar dilators is stressed. Th use of this surgical technique plus home dilation will overcome the problems of restenosis in this group of children. PMID- 7299928 TI - Blunt renal trauma in the pediatric population: a retrospective study. PMID- 7299929 TI - Urethral stricture disease in children. AB - We review our experience with urethral stricture disease in 25 children who were seen between 1970 and 1979. Trauma was the most common etiology (48 per cent). Excellent results were obtained by 1-stage repair and multistage skin inlay urethroplasty. An average of 3.8 procedures per patient was required for multistage repairs versus 1.1 procedures per patient for 1-stage repair. Dilation alone averaged 1.7 procedures per patient and was successful in only 20 per cent. Dilation is unacceptable for management of most strictures in children and urethroplasty should be considered early in the treatment plan. One-stage urethroplasty, when applicable, is preferable to multistage repair. Seven children had a fractured pelvis with prostatomembranous urethral disruption, which was complete in 6 cases and partial in 1. Successful anatomical results were achieved ultimately in all of these cases. No patient who had erections preoperatively was impotent afterward. One child has been totally incontinent since the accident and 3 others have stress incontinence, ony 1 of whom requires treatment. PMID- 7299930 TI - Prevention of urethral strictures in the management of posterior urethral valves. AB - Our 28 patients with posterior urethral valves managed with transurethral resection have sufficient followup to evaluate the development of urethral strictures. Of these 28 patients 14 were less than 1 year old when the valves were resected and strictures developed in 7 (50 per cent). Of the 14 patients who were more than 1 year old when the valves were resected none had a stricture. Within the latter group was a subgroup of patients who were treated with early vesicostomy and later valve resection. None of these patients suffered a stricture. Our data indicate that stricture formation is high when valve resection is attempted in the neonate or small infant and can be prevented by primary vesicostomy and delayed valve resection. PMID- 7299931 TI - An uncommon type of bulbar urethral stricture, sometimes familial, of unknown cause: congenital versus acquired. PMID- 7299932 TI - Treatment of testicular yolk sac carcinoma in the young child. AB - The majority of testicular tumors in children will be of germ cell origin and the predominant pathologic type is the yolk sac carcinoma. Initial treatment or radical orchiectomy is not in question. However, because of its presumed less virulent character, especially in children less than 2 years old, confusion remains as to adjunctive treatment for yolk sac carcinoma. We have studied retrospectively 21 children with testis tumors encountered within the last 10 years. Of these cases 12 were classified pathologically as yolk sac carcinoma. All children were less than 3 years old and 10 of 12 were less than 2 years old. Of the 12 cases 4 had positive lymph node dissections and 3 of these 4 children were less than 2 years old. Although chemotherapy is so effective its toxicity cannot be minimized. Therefore, adjunctive chemotherapy should be reserved for those patients who have lymphatic spread. Young children with yolk sac tumors are not immune to metastatic disease and should be treated with an extended unilateral lymphadenectomy for staging and appropriate treatment regimens. PMID- 7299933 TI - Superior vena cava syndrome in a 56-year-old man. PMID- 7299935 TI - The role of intrarenal vascular reconstruction for arteriovenous fistula. AB - Recent reports on the use of embolization to treat intrarenal arteriovenous fistula have suggested that there is little need for surgical reconstruction. We report the successful use of intrarenal vascular reconstruction in a patient who presented with a large intrarenal arteriovenous fistula and hypertension to emphasize the fact that there still are cases that need surgical repair. PMID- 7299934 TI - Acute focal bacterial nephritis: focal pyelonephritis that may simulate renal abscess. AB - We report 4 cases of acute focal bacterial nephritis, a solid inflammatory lesion of the kidney. In each patient the findings on excretory urography, when combined with the clinical features, suggested the possibility of a renal abscess. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography aid in distinguishing this solid inflammatory process from that of frank abscess. The possible etiology of acute focal bacterial nephritis, its evolution to abscess formation and its distinguishing features are discussed. PMID- 7299936 TI - Medullary sponge kidney and congenital hemihypertrophy: case report and literature review. PMID- 7299938 TI - Fibroxanthosarcoma of the kidney: report of a case. PMID- 7299937 TI - Pediatric nephrectomy. AB - A retrospective revue of 90 consecutive nephrectomies revealed 25 instances in which the nephrectomy was done for poor or diminished function only (28 per cent). The pathology was ureteropelvic obstruction (18 cases), reflux (4 cases) and obstructive megaureter (3 cases). All conditions are reparable. Although some kidneys in children are worthless and best removed, most have significant potential function if the anatomical defect is repaired. Poor or diminished renal function in children should not be an absolute indication for nephrectomy. PMID- 7299939 TI - Iatrogenic ureteral obstruction treated with balloon dilation. PMID- 7299940 TI - Papillary adenocarcinoma arising in a urethral diverticulum accompanied by adenocarcinoma of the bladder: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7299941 TI - Paired cystic masses communicating with the posterior urethra producing urinary obstruction. PMID- 7299942 TI - Subglandular urethral fistula following circumcision: repair by the advancement method. PMID- 7299943 TI - Acute idiopathic penile edema: a separate clinical entity? PMID- 7299944 TI - Urodynamic evaluation of dysfunctional bladder neck obstruction in men. PMID- 7299945 TI - Prostheses for incontinence. PMID- 7299946 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate in children. PMID- 7299949 TI - Postnatal prophylaxis of chlamydial conjunctivitis. PMID- 7299947 TI - Traumatic dislocation of a testis. PMID- 7299950 TI - On spinal mineral loss after the menopause. PMID- 7299948 TI - Is it harmful to lower HDL levels? PMID- 7299951 TI - Survival patterns in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7299952 TI - Pseudo-Sylvian aqueduct syndrome. PMID- 7299953 TI - Physicians and nuclear war. PMID- 7299954 TI - Booster effect of human diploid cell antirabies vaccine in previously treated persons. AB - Contact was maintained with 27 of 45 persons for four years after their severe exposure to rabies virus and successful protection. During that time, these persons showed no adverse effects of treatment and maintained rabies-neutralizing antibody at the level of 2 to 91 IU/mL of serum. After a single booster inoculation of human diploid cell culture vaccine four years after the initial treatment, levels of neutralizing antibodies rose to 36 to 650 IU/mL of serum ten days after the booster inoculation. These observations confirm the persistence of rabies-specific serum antibodies for an extended (four years) period after vaccination. Furthermore, a single booster inoculation with human diploid cell culture vaccine resulted in a sharp increase in the level of antibodies, indicating that a person would probably be protected against a second exposure. PMID- 7299955 TI - Idiopathic anaphylactoid reactions. A clinical summary. AB - Thirty-one patients, aged 6 to 78 years, with anaphylactoid reactions of unknown cause were retrospectively evaluated. All of the patients had life-threatening hypotension, wheezing or upper airway obstruction, and simultaneous angioedema or urticaria. Twenty-six patients also had episodes of angioedema or urticaria alone. In nine patients the initial episode was the most severe. In 16 of 18 patients, medications were effective in controlling or reducing the severity of the symptoms. In ten patients, the reactions were always self-limited and no medications were needed. No deaths occurred in 210 anaphylactoid attacks during 164 patient-years. Remissions lasting more than one year occurred in seven patients. Laboratory studies, food diaries, and skin tests were not helpful in establishing an etiology, although atopy was present in 12 of 15 patients tested. PMID- 7299956 TI - The pain of pulmonary hypertension. Fact or fancy? PMID- 7299957 TI - Advancement of men and women in medical academia. A pilot study. AB - Academic promotion patterns were studied in the facilities of four US medical colleges. The average number of years for promotion to each professional rank in each college was consistently greater for women than for men. While the data themselves do not prove discrimination, they are consistent with the underuse of female physicians in medical academia, with the lack of improvement in their statistical representation over the past 15 years, and with the picture of women in higher education in general. This topic should receive more attention, and more complete data on the relative qualifications of male and female medical faculty should be obtained. PMID- 7299958 TI - Hyperthyroidism with painless subacute thyroiditis in the elderly. PMID- 7299959 TI - Death in an untenured position. PMID- 7299960 TI - Electronic fetal monitoring. Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 7299961 TI - Small anal tumors irradiated via rectoscope. PMID- 7299962 TI - Gastroplasty may lead field but it's not a winner yet. PMID- 7299963 TI - Tularemia simulating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7299965 TI - Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. PMID- 7299964 TI - Obstruction of the sigmoid colon by grape seeds. PMID- 7299966 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7299967 TI - The conservative treatment of appendiceal peritonitis. PMID- 7299968 TI - Improved observational method for studying therapeutic efficacy. Suggestive evidence that lidocaine prophylaxis prevents death in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Criteria for patient eligibility in a randomized clinical trial can be used to improve the design of observational case-control studies. The new strategy has been illustrated in a case-control investigation of whether lidocaine prophylaxis prevents death in patients with acute myocardial infarction. From among patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction in a special care unit during 1974 to 1978, there were 151 fatalities (cases) and 151 survivors (controls) selected for study. After removal of the ineligible cases and controls, lidocaine prophylaxis was found to have no effect on death from pump failure or nonarrhythmic causes, but was significantly protective against death from ventricular arrhythmias, particularly in patients with congestive heart failure. If confirmed by rigorously designed longitudinal studies, the improved case-control technique could serve as a useful "screening' device to assess the efficacy of medical or surgical treatments that cannot be tested with randomized clinical trials. PMID- 7299970 TI - Functional recovery and orthopedic management of brachial plexus palsies. AB - Functional recovery in 133 patients with brachial palsy is documented over a five year period. Clinical examination is more reliable than electromyogram or myelogram for obtaining prognostic information. Erb's C V, VI palsies have improved function with cuff transfers and elbow flexor plasties. Posterior cord palsies often require extension plasties of the hand and glenohumeral fusions. C V, VI, VII palsies may require all of these procedures. Klumpke C VIII-T I palsies develop arm-trunk holding power. Adults with total palsies often complain of continued pain, which may be relieved by orthoses. PMID- 7299969 TI - Treatment failures with whole-body extract therapy of insect sting allergy. AB - Whole-body extracts (WBEs) remain in widespread use for therapy of insect sting anaphylaxis two years after the approval of Hymenoptera venoms. We have reviewed our experience with WBEs in our patient population. Of 250 patients who received WBE, 115 had subsequent stings. Systemic allergic reactions occurred in 65% large local reactions in 23%, and no reaction in 12%. There was no consistent change in the severity of systemic reactions during WBE treatment. Systemic reaction occurred less commonly in younger persons or after at least two years of WBE treatment. We conclude that WBE is not effective for the prevention of allergic insect sting reactions. The natural history of the disease may account for its apparent efficacy in young people or those having prolonged WBE therapy. Venom immunotherapy is safe and rapidly effective and is the only protective treatment recommended. PMID- 7299971 TI - Jehovah's Witnesses. The surgical/ethical challenge. AB - Physicians face a special challenge in treating Jehovah's Witnesses. Members of this faith have deep religious convictions against accepting homologous or autologous whole blood, packed RBCs, WBCs, or platelets. Many will allow the use of (non-blood-prime) heart-lung, dialysis, or similar equipment if the extracorporeal circulation is uninterrupted. Medical personnel need not be concerned about liability, for Witnesses will take adequate legal steps to relieve liability as to their informed refusal of blood. They accept nonblood replacement fluids. Using these and other meticulous techniques, physicians are performing major surgery of all types on adult and minor Witness patients. A standard of practice for such patients has thus developed that accords with the tenet of treating the "whole person'. PMID- 7299972 TI - What we do and do not know about informed consent. PMID- 7299976 TI - Secrets of inflammation only partly revealed. PMID- 7299974 TI - Studies to compare treatment regimens: the randomized clinical trial and alternative strategies. PMID- 7299975 TI - Diphyllobothriasis. PMID- 7299977 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and stroke. PMID- 7299973 TI - Value of hyperbaric oxygen in suspected carbon monoxide poisoning. AB - The cases of four patients included sufficient circumstantial evidence to suspect carbon monoxide poisoning as the principal etiologic agent, although the diagnosis was unconfirmed. In two other patients, CO poisoning was proven by elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. All six patients were transferred from outlying hospitals for failure to respond adequately to standard therapy and recovered completely following treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Hyperbaric oxygen should be used for severe cases of suspected CO poisoning, regardless of the time between exposure and presentation, especially when the delay is sufficient to preclude a diagnosis by standard laboratory methods. PMID- 7299979 TI - Chlorzoxazone-induced spasmotic torticollis. PMID- 7299980 TI - Incidence of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7299978 TI - Ham's test in vivo? PMID- 7299983 TI - A radiologist's point of view. PMID- 7299981 TI - Hospitalization for tubal sterilization. PMID- 7299982 TI - Antiprostaglandins for primary dysmenorrhea. PMID- 7299984 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid penicillin levels during therapy for latent syphilis. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid and serum penicillin levels were determined in patients with latent syphilis. Mean serum concentration one week after the third weekly dose of 2.4 million units penicillin G benzathine was 0.32 units/mL. Concurrent administration of probenecid orally produced a mean serum penicillin level of 0.41 units/mL. Doubled penicillin doses without and with daily orally administered probenecid resulted in mean serum concentrations of 0.75 and 1.00 units/mL, respectively. Two of six patients in the last group had CSF penicillin concentrations greater than 0.03 units/mL. PMID- 7299985 TI - Suctioning of upper airway meconium in newborn infants. AB - To compare the efficacy of bulb and catheter suctioning of upper airway meconium in neonates, meconium labeled with technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid was injected into the trachea and oropharynx of anesthetized kittens. Human birth conditions were simulated by an inflated blood pressure cuff around the thorax and abdomen of the animals and by partial degassing of the lungs before introduction of meconium. Distribution of meconium in the upper airway was determined by scintigraph. Catheter suction brought about a 43% decrease in radioactivity while there was only a 1% decrease after bulb suctioning. Meconium may persist in the trachea for more than 20 minutes after introduction, indicating the desirability of continued suctioning efforts in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome. The relative safety of the two techniques was not assessed. PMID- 7299986 TI - Step-down therapy in hypertension. Importance in long-term management. AB - To determine the minimum amount of therapy needed to control arterial pressure, the amount of one drug was reduced, then use of one or more drugs was discontinued after the diastolic pressure had been lower than 90 mm Hg for six months in 51 hypertensive patients. By six months, one drug had been eliminated in 38 patients, and the dose of another had been decreased in 49 patients. By 12 months, stepping up therapy was necessary in 13 patients; thus, one drug therapy had been eliminated in only 27 patients, and the dose was decreased in another 43 patients. No further therapeutic changes were necessary during the next six months. Originally, 161 complaints of side effects were noted. After step-down therapy, 18% of the side effects were reported unchanged, 26% were significantly decreased, and 56% were completely absent. PMID- 7299987 TI - Effect of chenodiol on the small intestine. Unimpaired structure and function during therapy for gallstone dissolution. AB - To test whether long-term oral dosage with chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid) used for dissolution of cholesterol gallstones would cause impairment of small intestinal structuree or function, ten patients were studied before and after three months of oral chenodiol administration, 15 mg/kg of body weight per day. Small-intestinal structure was assessed by roentgenogram and intestinal biopsy, using both light and electron microscopy. Small-intestinal function was assessed by xylose, fat and vitamin B12, lactose, and bile-acid absorption. Bile acid metabolism was also characterized by the breath test for deconjugation using carbon dioxide labeled with radioactive carbon 14. No significant abnormalities were found. The results suggest that oral chenodiol administration does not impair intestinal structur or function in doses used for gallstone dissolution. PMID- 7299988 TI - The hazards of bedside Bayes. AB - Those who advocate the use of Bayesian or decision-analysis approaches to solve clinical problems often assume that data on the sensitivities and specificities of diagnostic tests are readily obtainable and reliable. For the most part, however, there is little information currently available on the sensitivities and specificities of common tests. A critical review of the literature was performed for seven commonly used tests. This study showed that there is significant variability among the reported results of five of these tests. Such variability was not expected but is one more factor that any quantitative approach must consider. Two tests, the rapid-sequence excretory urogram and the thallous chloride TI 201 cardiac stress test, did not, however, show significant variation among the reported sensitivities and specificities. These findings have relevance to clinicians attempting to diagnose disease, to advocates of quantitative decision making, and to researchers seeking to clarify the nature and role of diagnostic tests. PMID- 7299989 TI - Strawberry gums. A sign of Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7299991 TI - Photo/essay. The human protein index. PMID- 7299990 TI - Etiology, pathogenesis, and early diagnosis of ischemic necrosis of the hip. PMID- 7299992 TI - Clinical significance of exercise-induced ST changes in patients with prior myocardial infarction: comparison of electrocardiographic and angiographic findings. AB - In order to investigate the clinical significance of exercise-induced ST changes in patients with prior myocardial infarction, we performed an exercise tolerance test using bicycle ergometer, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography in 77 patients with prior myocardial infarction and compared exercise-induced ST changes with coronary arteriographic and left ventriculographic findings. At end point time in the exercise test, we observed abnormal ST elevation in 36 patients (46.7%), ST depression in 11 (14.3%) and no significant ST changes in the remaining 30 (39.0%). After exercise, 29 out of 48 patients (60.4%) with prior anterior myocardial infarction had significant ST elevation, 9 (18.8%) had ST depression, and 10 patients (20.8%) had no significant ST changes. Of the 29 patients with exercise-induced ST elevation, 26 (89.6%) had no significant coronary lesion or simply had single vessel disease, and 6 of 9 patients with ST depression (66.7%) had multiple vessel disease. Furthermore, 18 of 29 patients with exercise-induced ST elevation (62.1%) had dyskinesis, 8 (27.6%) had akinesis and only 3 (10.3%) had hypokinesis. ON the other hand, only 2 of 9 patients with exercise-induced ST depression (22.2%) had dyskinesis, 5 had akinesis, and 2 had hypokinesis. Only 7 out of 29 patients (24.1%) with prior inferior myocardial infarction had ST elevation, 2 (6.9%) had ST depression, and no significant ST changes were observed in the remaining 20 (69.0%). No significant correlation was obtained between exercise-induced ST changes and coronary arteriographic and left ventriculographic findings. These findings strongly suggest that exercise-induced ST elevation is commonly observed in patients with anterior myocardial infarction and correlated with the severity of abnormal left ventricular wall movement, and ST depression is related with the extent of coronary artery lesion. PMID- 7299993 TI - Combined effect of verapamil and disopyramide on induction of circus movement tachycardia in patients with pre-excitation. AB - By means of intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation of the heart, the combination effect of verapamil and disopyramide on induction of circus movement tachycardia was studied in 8 patients with anomalous extranodal atrioventricular (A-V) pathway. In 4 of 6 patients who manifested reproducible circus movement tachycardia, verapamil, 0.2 mg/kg intravenously administered, prevented the induction of tachycardia by increasing the A-V nodal refractoriness. Disopyramide in a dose of 2 mg/kg was injected 30 minutes after the start of verapamil administration, when prolongation of the A-V nodal conduction time (A-H interval) had continued in most of the patients. Disopyramide lengthened the effective refractory period of the anomalous pathway in all patients in whom this could be determined. The A-H interval, which had been prolonged by verapamil, was shortened in 4 patients and about unchanged in the remaining 4. After addition of disopyramide, sustained tachycardia could be induced in 2 patients who had lost the ability of initiating circus movement tachycardia after verapamil administration. Thus, disopyramide, when administered together with verapamil, may block the effect of verapamil on the A-V node by its anticholinergic action. A concomitant prescription of disopyramide with verapamil in expectation of the depression of both the anomalous pathway and the A-V node may have an untoward outcome. PMID- 7299994 TI - Body surface isopotential maps of experimentally induced transient right bundle branch block. AB - The characteristic patterns of the epicardial activation and body surface isopotential maps (MAPs) were examined in experimental transient right bundle branch block (RBBB) produced by pressing the main stem of right bundle mechanically. During the recovery from the complete block, various degrees of incomplete RBBB (IRBBB) were obtained. The epicardial activation of IRBBB spread in almost normal fashion with delayed right ventricular epicardial breakthrough. And the MAPs manifested intermediate patterns between those obtained in control and in complete RBBB (CRBBB). The MAP patterns of IRBBB were classified into the following 3 groups by the difference of the localized bend of isopotential lines reflecting the epicardial breakthrough. In the advanced IRBBB with QRS prolongation over 25%, the epicardial breakthrough of the left ventricle was detected on the MAPs. In the moderate IRBBB with QRS prolongation around 20%, in addition to the left ventricular breakthrough the right ventricular breakthrough was detected at the center of the anterior chest. In the mild IRBBB with QRS prolongation less than 15%, only the right ventricular breakthrough was detected. These findings indicate usefulness of MAPs for diagnosing the severity of IRBBB due to the damage to the main right bundle. Moreover, these MAP patterns in IRBBB of main right bundle can be distinctly differentiated from the IRBBB MAPs resulting from incisional interruption of lateral branches of right bundle. The present findings also suggest the usefulness of MAPs in diagnosing the site of the conduction disturbance resulting in IRBBB. PMID- 7299995 TI - A case of Fanconi syndrome with type 1 renal tubular acidosis. AB - A 32-year-old woman of Fanconi syndrome with disorders of amino acid, glucose, uric acid and phosphate reabsorption system in proximal tubule and of renal acid excretion mechanism in distal tubule was reported. By the ammonium chloride loading test, urinary pH could only be decreased by 5.9, and excretion rates of NH4+ and titratable acids were 18.9 and 31.1 mEq/min, respectively. In the bicarbonate loading test, net renal reabsorption of bicarbonate was 2.86 mEq/100 ml GFR when plasma bicarbonate concentration was 29 mEq/L, and threshold of bicarbonate excretion was 24-26 mEq/L. These results suggest that hydrogen ion excretion disorder in distal tubules exists, while bicarbonate reabsorption ability in proximal tubule is normal. PMID- 7299997 TI - The processed map of the body surface potential. AB - As the processed maps, the variance map and the residue which was the ratio of the nondipolar cardiac field were introduced. The variance map was made from the root mean square of the distance from the mean value of QRS, T or QRST. The variance map may be useful to find the area of the peak variation of QRS, T or QRST on the body surface. The residue is the expression how much was the nondipolar component included in the body surface potentials. This may be relevant to detect the abnormal cardiac potentials included in the body surface potentials. PMID- 7299996 TI - Recognition of the epicardial breakthrough on body surface isopotential maps: influence of the inter-electrode distance on the patterns reflecting the epicardial breakthrough. AB - The epicardial breakthrough can be recognized from the localized depression of the body surface potential, which is characterized by a localized bend of the equipotential lines or a send-minimum on isopotential maps. Recognition of epicardial breakthrough with isopotential maps enables us to diagnose location of the block site of the bundle branch blocks more precisely than by ECG or VCG. However, the optimum inter-electrode distance for detection of such a localized potential has not been determined. In the present study, influence of the inter electrode distance on the characteristic patterns reflecting the epicardial breakthrough was studied on 16 healthy persons using 9 x 9 electrode arrays with inter-electrode distance of 1.25 cm, 5 x 5 with 2.5 cm, and 3 x 3 with 5 cm. Breakthrough was recognized in 15 out of 16 cases (94%) on maps recorded with electrode arrays with inter-electrode distance of 1.25 and 2.5 cm. However, detectability of the breakthrough was reduced to 10 out of 16 cases (63%) with electrode array having inter-electrode distance of 5 cm. In conclusion, it is preferable to use an electrode array with an inter-electrode distance of no more than 2.5 cm for the purpose of breakthrough recognition. PMID- 7299998 TI - Correlation between localization of accessory conduction pathway and body surface maps in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Body surface maps were recorded in 26 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, who underwent successful localization and interruption of the accessory conduction pathway. Five types of body surface maps were classified according to the location of the potential maximum and minimum in the delta wave. These 5 types were left free wall type, left posterior septal type, right posterior septal type, right anterior septal type and right free wall type. Each type correlated well with the location of the accessory pathway, which was determined intraoperatively through epicardial and/or endocardial maps or surgical interruption. The potential minimum zone at 40 msec after the onset of the delta wave appeared at limited areas on the body surface, and this zone was divided into 7 areas which correspond to the location of the accessory pathway. PMID- 7300001 TI - Quantitative evaluation of treadmill test induced ST-T changes using body surface mapping. AB - Using the ST difference map after the treadmill exercise test, the 26 patients with coronary artery disease were studied. 1) The extent and the speed of complete recovery of ST depression or negative area were well correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease. 2) ST elevation or positive area was correlated with regional asynergies. 3) ST elevation area disclosed regional defect of 201 T1 scintigram at rest, while ST depression area could disclose it infrequently. PMID- 7300000 TI - Exercise stress body surface isopotential map in patients with coronary artery disease: comparison with coronary angiographic and stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphic findings. AB - to locate the ischemic area in 22 patients with angina pectoris, exercise stress body surface isopotential maps (MAPs) were assessed and compared with coronary angiography and myocardial stress scintigraphy. Taking coronary angiographic findings into consideration, 4 types of ischemic MAP responses, i.e., septum and anterior, lateral, inferior, and posterior wall ischemia were postulated. Sensitivity of stress MAP was 71% for the average and more than stress imaging. Specificity of stress MAP was 46% for the average and less than stress imaging. PMID- 7300003 TI - Relation between the infarcted area and the ischemic area of the mapping in myocardial infarction. PMID- 7300002 TI - Inverse solution of ST vector as a single unfixed location dipole in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - For the quantitative assessment of infarct site and size in patients with acute myocardial infarction, an attempt was made to solve the inverse problem, that is, to characterize ST vector in the infarcted myocardium from ST segment deviations in 29 precordial leads and their sterical positions A simple inverse model was employed, assuming that the source origin of ST segment displacement in surface electrocardiograms was a single unfixed dipole embedded in the homogeneous infinite medium. The magnitude, direction and position of ST vector were calculated as an inverse solution by computer. The direction of ST vector determined by this inverse problem was well in accord with infarct site assessed by left ventriculography or myocardial scintigraphy carried out later. However, the magnitude of ST vector was poorly correlated (r = 0.47, p less than 0.005, n = 17) with infarct size estimated from serum creatine phosphokinase, although a good correlation (r = 0.74) was obtained when 3 cases with extremely large infarction were excluded. These results suggest that our inverse solution of ST vector is useful for prediction of the site and size of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7299999 TI - Characteristics of body surface mapping in the aged. AB - 1) Body surface mapping was performed in 15 patients with ischemic heart disease and 5 control subjects before and after isoproterenol infusion. In ischemic heart disease, ST map developed negative areas in the left anterior chest wall extending from mid line to left axillar line after isoproterenol. This distribution on ST depression was different from that of left ventricular hypertrophy or complete left bundle branch block which spared mid anterior chest. The point of maximal ST depression corresponded to one of the conventional chest lead in 6 of 15 cases. In other 9 cases, the point of maximal ST depression was mostly located superiorly to V3-V5. epsilon ST depression correlated well with the maximal ST depression (r = 0.90) but not very well with ST depression at V5 (r = 0.70). On 201 T1 stress scan, a reversible large perfusion defect was detected in 2 out of 5 patients with marked ST depression. These findings suggested that isoproterenol induced ST map changes are useful in diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. 2) Body surface map was obtained in 16 cases with chronic pulmonary disease. The location of the maximum R and initial R was relatively inferior to that of normal controls. Relatively deep S waves were frequently observed. Pulmonary function tests correlated with the maximum R voltage but not with the deepest S. Cases with relatively high pulmonary conus voltage were proved to have right ventricular hypertrophy on 201 T1 myocardial scintigraphy or on echocardiography. PMID- 7300004 TI - Serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in patients with xanthomas: a correlative study on xanthoma and atherosclerosis (I). AB - In an attempt to correlate xanthomas with atherosclerosis, the characteristics of serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles are explored in xanthoma patients. Xanthomas are classified into 5 subtypes: xanthelasma, planar xanthoma, papulo-eruptive xanthoma, tuberous xanthoma and tendon xanthoma. The clinical characteristics of xanthoma patients are summarized in the following. 1) Xanthelasma in 2 different types: one normolipemic and the other hyperlipidemic; of 30 xanthelasma patients, 5 were normolipemic, one of them had low HDL-cholesterol. 2) Tuberous and tendon xanthomas were all hypercholesterolemic, with serum cholesterol above 300 mg/dl and LDL-cholesterol above 255 mg/dl, while HDL-cholesterol was within normal range. 3) The xanthoma patients were generally not obese. 4) Their laboratory findings often showed such abnormalities as elevated levels in serum fibrinogen, LDH, CPK and uric acid. The resemblance of the clinical characteristics between xanthomas and atherosclerotic vascular disease, e.g., myocardial infarction, was striking. If the causation of their common tissue alterations by lipid accumulation is pathologically and biochemically defined, the correlation between those 2 kinds of disease can be established. PMID- 7300005 TI - The distribution of plasma norepinephrine concentration and the relation of plasma norepinephrine concentration to pulmonary arterial pressure in heart disease. AB - Plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration was measured in blood samples from the pulmonary artery (PA), the superior vena cava (SVC), the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the femoral artery (FA) in 34 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. In patients with pulmonary hypertension, the mean plasma NE concentrations in PA, SVC and FA were significantly higher than that of IVC, but no such difference was found in patients without such hypertension. Except in IVC, the plasma NE concentration in patients with pulmonary hypertension was significantly higher than in others. Furthermore, the plasma NE concentration was positively correlated with the mean pulmonary arterial pressure and inversely related to pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation in patients without a shunt. These results suggest the possibility that vasoconstriction by the sympathetic nervous system may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension in patients without the shunt. PMID- 7300006 TI - Acute changes of myocardial norepinephrine and glycogen phosphorylase in ischemic and non-ischemic areas after coronary ligation in dogs. AB - The myocardial norepinephrine (NE) content and glycogen phosphorylase activity were measured before and after coronary artery ligation in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Coronary artery ligation was performed by ligating a branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Before coronary artery ligation, the NE content in the circumflex area (778.05 +/- 37.83 ng.g-1 wet tissue) was significantly higher than that in the LAD area (630.57 +/- 35.75 ng.g-1 wet tissue). The NE content in the circumflex area (non-ischemic area) decreased significantly 1.5, 3, 30. 60, and 420 min after coronary artery ligation, while that in the LAD area (ischemic area) did not decrease significantly except for the NE level obtained after 420 min of coronary artery ligation. The glycogen phosphorylase activity increased significantly 1.5 min after coronary artery ligation in both non-ischemic and ischemic areas. From the foregoing results, it is suggested that NE release occurs in both ischemic and non-ischemic areas within at least 1.5 min after coronary artery ligation, and that within 60 min after coronary artery ligation the NE content decreases in the non-ischemic area but not in the ischemic area probably because of very limited washout of the released NE in the ischemic area. PMID- 7300007 TI - Parathyroids, thyroid and development of hypertension in SHR. AB - Parathyroid glands play a significant role in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), like in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) + NaCl model. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) performed after weaning delayed systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase and slowed heart rate (HR) in SHR for 42 weeks. These changes could not be attributed to decrease of serum calcium in PTX animals since supplementation of calcium, rendering serum calcium normal, did not reestablish SBP and HR to those of sham SHR. Moreover, in the thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) animals SBP and HR were increased by autotransplantation of parathyroids. When hypertension was established (week 15), PTX produced no more changes on cardiovascular parameters measured. These data clearly indicate that independent of thyroidectomy, PTX leads to a lesser degree of hypertension in young SHR, but was without effect on established hypertension. In conclusion, parathyroid glands are required for total development of the hypertensive process in SHR. PMID- 7300009 TI - Pulmonary embolism and hemolytic anemia in a patient with cold agglutinin disease. PMID- 7300010 TI - A relation between forward and inverse problems on electrocardiography. PMID- 7300008 TI - Relationship between hemodynamics during immediate reperfusion and mitochondrial functional recovery in the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7300012 TI - Dynamic behavior of equivalent cardiac dipoles. PMID- 7300011 TI - Inverse solution in electrocardiography: determining epicardial from body surface maps by using the finite element method. AB - A new method of determining epicardial potentials from body surface maps is presented. Epicardial potentials can be estimated via the forward transfer matrix computed by using the finite element method. Due to smoothing and decrease in value in potential distribution of the body surface, the inverse problem involved becomes, in nature, ill-conditioned and direct application of the usual inversion technique will give an extremely oscillatory solution. Therefore, in order to obtain a practically meaningful solution, an appropriate regularizing procedure must be developed and, in the present paper, an effective regularization based on the generalized inverse matrix is proposed and its usefulness is demonstrated. Numerical experiments suggest that if the epicardial map includes high components of spatial frequency the inverted epicardial map will have poor resolution. This is especially true at the epicardial surface distant from the body surface, such as on the diaphragmatic side of the ventricle. If the epicardial maps have to be inverted over the entire region of the epicardium with a clinically allowable accuracy, about 180 body surface lead points and 3 significant figures in the measurements of body surface potentials will be needed. PMID- 7300013 TI - Estimation of inter-electrode distance for body surface mapping: application of Fourier analysis to potential distribution due to the epicardial breakthrough. AB - For the purpose of determining an appropriate distance of lead points for constructing body surface maps, Fourier analysis was performed on potential distribution reflecting the epicardial breakthrough, and inter-electrode distance necessary for sampling of harmonics contributing to the body surface potential distribution was determined by application of sampling theorem. Potential distribution was simultaneously recorded with an interval of 4 mm for 250 msec along the vertical (head to foot) and horizontal (right to left) line crossing a second-minimum appearing on the chest surface of a healthy adult, and the data obtained from 9.6 cm along the respective lines underwent Fourier transform. Relative contribution of the second harmonics to the original wave forms increased with time lapse after QRS initiation, in accordance with reductions of the first harmonics component, and attained the maximum (32.5% of total power spectrum without d-c component) at the instant of occurrence of the second minimum. A similar tendency was observed among higher harmonics, but their contribution was comparatively low (within 10%). Inter-electrode distance determined by sampling theorem was 4.8 cm for the first harmonics and 2.4 cm for the second harmonics. In conclusion it is proposed that placement of electrodes with an inter-electrode distance of 2.4 cm is necessary for acquiring clinically important data on the epicardial breakthrough. PMID- 7300014 TI - Applications of multipole expansion. AB - With use of a homogeneous torso model, dipole and quadrupole sensitivity was determined for unipolar leads from many sites on the thoracic surface. Representatives of non-dipolar maps were obtained from the sensitivity of each of unipolar leads to the 5 rectangular components of the quadrupole. Over-all sensitivity to the quadrupole or the magnitude of the lead tensor was calculated from the measurements and mapped over the torso surface. This map indicates relative proximity of the thoracic surface and gives a theoretical basis for the selection of electrode locations in the surface mapping technique. PMID- 7300015 TI - Diagnostic CT imaging of the heart and aorta in health and disease. AB - Despite recent remarkable developments in computed tomography (CT) for many organs in the human body, its clinical application concerning the cardiovascular system has been slow. In this study, we investigated clinical applications of CT for the cardiovascular system. We used conventional CT without ECG synchronization and ECG-synchronized CT. By the former, the size, the shape, and the arrangement of cardiovascular structures and the presence of pericardial effusion and calcifications were shown. for the latter, ECG gating method and data sorting method were used, and the cardiac border movement, the sequential changes of cross-sectional cardiac areas and the changing ratio were studied by both methods. The cardiac CT was found to be a useful noninvasive method for observation of anatomical features in various cardiovascular diseases and for the analysis of cardiac motion - especially, dyssynergia such as hypokinesis, akinesis and paradoxical movement in myocardial infarctions. PMID- 7300016 TI - Easy method for measurement of opening angle of Bjork-Shiley valve with two computers. Proof of floating phenomenon of Bjork-Shiley valve. AB - A new method for measuring the opening angle of Bjork-Shiley valve (B-S valve) was reported in 1977. However, this method is complicated enough to permit quick calculation of the opening angle in multiple frames of one cinefilm. We devised a new method with using two computers (NAC Cardias GP 2000, TEXAS TI-59) for calculating the opening angle of the B-S valve. We measured the opening angle of 7 cases (they were all implanted B-S valves, 5 were mitral and 2 were aortic). Results are the following: (1) The maximum opening angle ranged from 54 degrees to 65 degrees and the mean value was 58.1 degrees. (2) We showed the floating phenomenon of B-S valve with our method. (3) We showed the accuracy of our method by measuring 10 times the same photograph of B-S valve. (4) We showed that our method is very accurate by comparing the values calculated by our method with those calculated directly from the valve which was removed from a patient. (5) It takes less than 30 minutes to calculate the opening angle of 60 frames (we took 60 frames of cine-film per minutes. PMID- 7300017 TI - Effect of ouabain on electrical coupling of rabbit atrial muscle fibers. AB - The effects of ouabain on passive electrical properties of isolated rabbit atrial muscle fibers (crista-terminalis) were investigated. The space constant as well as the time constant of the crista-terminalis was determined using the partition method of Kamiyama and Matsuda based on the cable equation proposed by Hodgkin and Rushton. Ouabain treatment for 30 minutes at a lower concentration (2 X 10( 7) M), caused no significant change in the space constant and time constant of the crista-terminalis. After ouabain treatment for 30 minutes at a higher concentration (1 X 10(-6) M), the space constant of the crista-terminalis was reduced significantly, whereas the time constant was not affected. An apparent reduction in the resting membrane potential and the amplitude of action potential was also observed at the higher concentration of ouabain. These effects of ouabain on passive electrical properties of the crista-terminalis are most likely explained by the increase of its axial resistance (electrical uncoupling) due to intracellular calcium accumulation resulting from inhibition of the membrane sodium pump. This suggests that such an electrical uncoupling may play an important role in the intra-atrial conduction disturbance by cardiac glycosides. PMID- 7300018 TI - Effects of injury to the right ventricular conducting tissue of canine hearts on epicardial activation sequence and electrocardiograms. AB - The distal right ventricular conducting tissues of 45 canine hearts were experimentally interrupted in various degrees by a transmural incision of the right ventricular free wall, a trans-section of the lateral branches of the right bundle or by injury to the endocardial Purkinje network. Right ventriculotomy caused a slight activation delay (less than 10 msec) of the right ventricle which was restricted to the distal area from the incision, but the delay was not long enough to cause a significant prolongation of the QRS duration in the limb lead ECG. In one experiment, a vertical incision in the middle region induced an exceptional, marked alteration of the right ventricular activation sequence and an apparent prolongation of the QRS duration (16 msec) indicating an incomplete RBBB. However, anatomical analysis revealed that the lateral branches were nearly completely interrupted by the incision. An extensive injury to the Purkinje network extending toward the right ventricular outflow tract by a blunt scalpel caused a local activation delay in the outflow tract, without producing any serious delay resulting in an ECG pattern of RBBB. These results may suggest that right ventriculotomy would induce the RBBB pattern of ECG if lateral branches are extensively injured by the surgical procedure, and that the injury to the Purkinje network extending toward the outflow tract does not play a primary role of genesis of RBBB pattern in ECG. PMID- 7300019 TI - Mechanism of hypercholesterolemia in arteriolipidosis-prone rats (ALR). AB - The cholesterol metabolism of a newly established model for atherogenesis, named arteriolipidosis-prone rats (ALR), selected from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), was investigated in comparison with a substrain of SHR (B) (nonarteriolipidosis-prone rats) and the normotensive control. Wistar-Kyoto (WK) rats. Serum cholesterol of ALR was significantly lower than that of WK. Uptake of labelled serum cholesterol by the isolated liver cells at 37 degrees C was higher in ALR than in WK. The data for SHR (B) fell in between these two. On the other hand, on feeding a cholesterol diet, serum cholesterol increased in the order WK, SHR (B) and ALR, with the highest being ALR. The absorption of cholesterol in ALR was about twice as great as in WK and SHR (B). PMID- 7300020 TI - Effects of angiotension II, thyroxine and estrogen on plasma renin substrate concentration and renin substrate production by the liver. AB - The effects of angiotensin II, thyroxine and 17 beta estradiol on plasma renin substrate concentration in rats and renin substrate production by perfused rat livers were investigated. The addition of angiotensin II (1-10 microgram) to the perfusion system did not affect the synthesis of renin substrate. After treatment with thyroxine (2.5 mg/kg/day), plasma renin substrate concentration, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and the rate of renin substrate synthesis were all significantly increased. 17 beta estradiol (2 mg) raised both plasma renin substrate concentration and the amount of renin substrate production by the liver. Isoelectric focusing profiles of renin substrate of liver perfusate and of plasma from estrogen-treated rats were different from that of liver perfusate from normal rats. But the profile of renin substrate in plasma was essentially similar to those to liver perfusates both in normal and estrogen treated rats. PMID- 7300021 TI - The importance of vasopressin in the mechanism maintaining hypertension in the rat. AB - The further role of vasopressin in the pathogenesis of hypertension was studied in two different types of hypertensive rats in which the intravenous injection of a vasopressin antiserum reduced arterial blood pressure substantially. The increased secretion of vasopressin was demonstrated in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats with high salt intake. Angiotensin II binding of the brain receptor which has been postulated to modify osmotically stimulated vasopressin release from neurohypophysis was not affected by sodium balance in these types of hypertensive rats, whereas the decrease in the brain receptor binding of angiotensin II was observed in the control rats. The lack of the adjusting control system in the brain angiotensin II receptors for sodium balance may be, at least in a part, responsible for the enhancement of vasopressin secretion in the hypertensive rats compared to that in the control rats with high salt intake. Since pressor responsiveness to vasopressin was increased in the rats with DOCA-salt hypertension, vasopressin may function as a direct pressor agent in the maintenance of high blood pressure in this type of hypertension. PMID- 7300023 TI - [Proceedings of 1978-1979 regional meetings of the Japanese Circulation Society]. PMID- 7300022 TI - Sympathetic and pressor hyperresponsiveness to intracisternal injections of hypertonic NaCl in DOCA hypertensive rats. AB - Blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity were recorded before and after intracisternal injections of hypertonic NaCl solution in urethane anesthetized normotensive and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertensive rats. Dose dependent pressor effects were recorded by intracisternal injections using normotensive Wistar rats. And the early phase of responses which were significantly depressed by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors with phentolamine, accompanied by increased frequency of sympathetic nerve firing. Pressor responses and acceleration of the rate of sympathetic nerve firing produced by intracisternal injections of hypertonic NaCl were appreciably larger in DOCA hypertensives whose basal sympathetic nerve activity was elevated significantly than in normotensive rats. Pressor responses to intravenous injection of norepinephrine were also augmented, but responses to intracisternal injection were augmented more than those to norepinephrine injection. These findings suggest that sodium sensitive site which connects to pressor systems supposedly located around lower brain stem could be hypersensitive and eventually contribute to peripheral sympathetic hyperactivity in DOCA hypertension. PMID- 7300024 TI - The pulmonary component of the second heart sound in acquired aortic stenosis. AB - The amplitude of the pulmonic component of the second sound in aortic stenosis was studied in 49 patients with this lesion. As controls, 50 normal subjects were also studied. Both groups were investigated by phonocardiography, apex cardiography and arterial tracings. Nineteen patients with aortic stenosis and four subjects without it were also studied by cardiac catheterization and angiography. The amplitudes of the two components of the second sound were compared, and the ratio of each with the amplitude of the first sound was determined. The ratios of both the aortic and the pulmonic component to that of the first sound were decreased in aortic stenosis, and the decrease of the pulmonic component was comparable to that of the aortic component. These findings could be related to prolongation of the isovolumic relaxation period of both ventricles caused by an influence of the left ventricle on the right, most likely due to functional changes of the interventricular septum. PMID- 7300025 TI - Clinical investigation of aortic insufficiency by means of pulsed Doppler echocardiography. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was performed on 41 patients with aortic insufficiency (AI), isolated or associated with other cardiac diseases, using an ATL 500A pulsed Doppler system. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiocardiography in 25 cases. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the disturbed flow due to AI, to investigate the sensitivity of PDE to this lesion, and to compare with the angiographic severity of AI (Sellers). The transducer was placed on the left sternal border and the flow pattern was recorded at the aortic valve orifice and the proximal and distal left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), using a strip chart recorded at a paper speed of 100 mm/sec. The specific feature of AI was a widely dispersed dot pattern which began at the aortic valve closure and extended to late diastole. The severity of AI was graded by supravalvular aortogram in 25 patients. In grades I and II, the abnormal dot pattern due to AI was mostly detected at the aortic valve orifice and the distal LVOT, but it was rather difficult to detect the disturbed flow at the proximal LVOT. In contrast, in grades III and IV, the disturbed flow was recorded at all the sampling sites; with severe aortic regurgitation, it was detected at a wider range in the left ventricular cavity. In grades I and II, the abnormal dot dispersion at the proximal LVOT was not so large at its onset in diastole but it tended to increase after the mitral valve opening, whereas in the majority of patients of grades III and IV, a large dot dispersion was recognized from its onset to late diastole. The typical flow pattern due to AI was detected at the LVOT in 38 out of 41 patients (92.7%). Moreover, it was detected in all the patients with angiographically proved AI except for 1 case of grade I (96.0%). PMID- 7300026 TI - Alterations of circulatory responses to upright tilt in cardiac patients. AB - Circulatory responses to the upright tilt were studied in 20 normal subjects and 27 cardiac patients with ischemic heart disease or idiopathic cardiomyopathy. In normal subjects, the upright tilt caused obvious increases in heart rate and diastolic pressure, a slight decrease in systolic pressure and marked decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume. The circulatory changes during the tilt were less pronounced in the cardiac patients as compared with the normal subjects. The reductions of cardiac output and stroke volume and the increase in total peripheral resistance were all significantly diminished. A paradoxical increase in cardiac output during the tilt, an observation hitherto not well recognized, was observed in 5 cases with low cardiac index during the control period. Although several possibilities can be considered for the explanation of the diminished, sometimes paradoxical, circulatory responses to the tilt in cardiac patients, the improvement of the function of the diseased heart by preload reduction was proposed as an important factor. There was a significant negative correlation between the per cent changes of cardiac output and the per cent changes of PEP/LVET. It was suggested that the measurements of systolic time intervals during the tilt might be useful for evaluating the severity of the hemodynamic derangement in cardiac patients. PMID- 7300027 TI - Left ventricular function curve determined by echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7300028 TI - Hypotensive action of nifedipine (Ca2+-antagonist) and propranolol in acute trials and its long-term therapy of hypertensive coronary heart disease patients. AB - The hypotensive effect of nifedipine (a Ca2+-antagonist) was studied in acute tests and during the long-term administration of the drug together with propranolol. Nifedipine (10 mg, sublingually) decreased blood pressure from 174/102 to 136/82 mmHg with increase in heart rate and plasma renin activity. The combination of nifedipine (10 mg, sublingually) and propranolol (0.2 mg/Kg body weight, intravenously) decreased blood pressure from 168/104 to 131/86 mmHg with decrease in heart rate and plasma renin activity. Twenty-five hypertensive patients were treated with nifedipine and propranolol (10 mg x 3 to 4/day) together with or without diuretic for long-term. With the combination therapy, blood pressure of Group I (11 hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease) fell from 211/129 to 140/85 mmHg, blood pressure of Group II (9 severe hypertensive patients without coronary heart disease) from 230/137 to 139/84 mmHg, and blood pressure of Group III (5 established hypertension) from 182/107 to 134/83 mmHg. With this treatment regimen, heart rate and plasma renin activity decreased, and abnormal electrocardiographic findings, hypertensive retinopathy, and renal dysfunction were improved. Nifedipine, in combination with propranolol and a diuretic, is considered an effective treatment of hypertension either with or without coronary heart disease. PMID- 7300029 TI - A comparative study of assay systems for drug-resistant mutation in cultured mammalian cells. AB - Three assay methods which have been reported previously for the detection of drug resistant mutation in mammalian cells were compared using V79 cells growing monolayer and FM3A cells growing in suspension. 8-Azaguanine and ouabain were used for the selection. A method in which mutagen-treated cells were replated and cultured in the control medium during expression period, followed by the incubation in a selection medium (we named immediate replating method), was more efficient for demonstrating mutated cells than other replating methods in every occasions examined. Further, the optimum expression periods by this method were shown to be 3 to 4 cell divisions after the replating on cells treated with different concentrations of a mutagen. PMID- 7300030 TI - Anti-Forssman antibody in human sera: properties and decreased level in cancer patients. AB - Antibody in human sera which lyse sheep erythrocytes in the presence of complements was investigated. When a number of individual sera which had been treated with human blood group-A erythrocytes were examined, most of the sera lysed sheep erythrocytes. In most case, the hemolysis was inhibited specifically by Forssman glycolipid (F glycolipid). 14C-Labeled human immunoglobulin behaved similarly to rabbit anti-F antibody by immunoprecipitation and immunodiffusion methods. Thus, this antibody in human immunoglobulin was identified as anti-F antibody. Human anti-A antibody was demonstrated to cross-react partially with F glycolipid probably due to stereochemical similarity in the reactive sites of the antibody, while rabbit anti-F antibody was highly specific for F glycolipid. Levels of anti-F antibody in human sera were assayed with respect to carcinoma state and age of subjects. Anti-F levels were lower as compared to those in the age-matched non-cancer subjects. In cancer patients, the older subjects (65-year old or more) showed decreased anti-F levels than did the younger subjects (less than 65-year-old). The level of the antibody was independent of blood group ABO system. Lower levels observed in cancer patients correlated with neither the progressive stage of lung cancer nor with sort of cancer. PMID- 7300031 TI - Fine pathology of mouse spinal cord infected with the Tyzzer organism. AB - After intraspinal inoculation in mice, Tyzzer organisms were shown to grow within neurons resulting in degeneration and destruction of the host cells. Intraneuronally parasitising organisms were located within the cytoplasmic matrices or nuclear chromatin granules, and host cell organelles were disarranged or decreased in number seemingly by movement of bacterial peritrichous flagella. Axonal as well as myelin degeneration occurred in the white matter, and demyelination seemed to be in consequence of the axon damage due to intraxonal growth of organisms. Some organisms were present within cytoplasmic matrices of oligodendroglia cells and also within phagosomes of macrophages without active intracellular growth. PMID- 7300032 TI - Population studies on Oncomelania quadrasi, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, in the Philippines. I. Distribution pattern of the snail in the field. AB - Distribution of Oncomelania quadrasi, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, was studied in Leyte, Philippines for the type of distribution based upon a large number of survey data. Among four distribution models examined, three uneven distribution models, i.e., the double Poisson, Neyman type A and negative binomial fitted well in this order but the Poisson model showed the poorest fitness. This indicates that the snails are distributed unevenly over the field and that the population mostly consists of small clusters of individual snails. Elucidation of the snail distribution pattern is necessary for determination of sample size in snail survey and for data transformation in significance test of the snail density comparison. PMID- 7300033 TI - Antitumor effect of seaweeds. III. Antitumor effect of an extract from Sargassum kjellmanianum. PMID- 7300034 TI - Cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on human cancer cells in vitro. PMID- 7300035 TI - Effect of diethylcarbamazine on Microfilariae of Brugia malayi in the jird, Meriones unguiculatus. PMID- 7300036 TI - Antibody activities of immunoglobulins in anti-leptospiral horse sera. AB - Antileptospiral sera from hyperimmunized horses were fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 or by starch block electrophoresis. The fractions were examined quantitatively for leptospiricidal, agglutinating and complement fixing activities. The leptospiricidal activity was higher in the 78 globulin fraction than in the 19S globulin fraction, while the agglutinating activity was shared by both the fractions being higher in the 19S fraction. Complement fixing activity was found evenly in both the fractions. Leptospiricidal and complement fixing activities were higher in gamma-globulin than in T-globulin, while the agglutinating activity was comparable in the two globulin fractions. That is, the agglutinating activity may not always behave along with the leptospiricidal activity. The results were discussed in connection with the therapeutic antiserum product for human use. PMID- 7300037 TI - In vitro inactivation of Clostridium botulinum toxins types B, C and E by digestive juices of man and ducks. AB - Inactivation of botulinum toxins type B-L, B-M, C-L and E in the digestive juices of man and ducks was determined. Botulinum toxins of the M size (B-M and E) lost their toxicity completely in the gastric juices of both man and ducks, but toxins of the L size (B-L and C-L) lost their toxicity only partially. The toxins were hardly affected by duodenal fluid even after exposure to gastric juice. The toxins were not inactivated by cecal fluid from ducks. Since human digestive juices and those from ducks appeared to have comparable effects on the inactivation of toxin, differences in susceptibilities of the animal species to orally acquired toxins are in all probability not caused by digestive action of those species. PMID- 7300038 TI - Variation in populations of chigger vectors of scrub typhus in developing oil palm areas of different ages. AB - The populations of scrub typhus vector chiggers were compared in two developing oil palm areas, one 5 years old and the other 7 years old at the inception of the study. Both areas were located within the same oil palm scheme in central Peninsular Malaysia. Leptotrombidium (L.) deliense, a principal vector of scrub typhus in Malaysia, was found in reduced numbers in the older oil palm habitat. This reduction is attributed to changes in the microhabitat, specifically the elimination of grasses between the oil palm trees due to canopy shading and to cultural practices. PMID- 7300039 TI - Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) Umbricola, new species, a probable vector of scrub typhus in Peninsular Malaysia. AB - Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) umbricola, described here as a new species, is a member of the L. (L.) deliense group and most closely resembles L. (L.) vivericola. L. (L.) umbricola was collected from the ground surface and from animal hosts, in similar habitats to the scrub typhus vector, L. (L.) deliense. The host and habitat distribution records and the Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection rates within unengorged specimens suggest that L. (L.) umbricola may be an important vector of scrub typhus in Peninsular Malaysia. PMID- 7300040 TI - Calorigenic and cardiovascular responses to norepinephrine in anesthetized and unanesthetized control and cold-acclimated rats. AB - Cardiac output (Q) and regional blood flow to various tissues were measured by gamma-labeled plastic microspheres (15 +/- 3 micrometer) injected into the left ventricle at rest and during 30-min infusion of norepinephrine (NE infusion, 2 microgram/kg.min) in either anesthetized or unanesthetized control (CT) and cold acclimated (CA) rats. Besides cardiovascular functions, oxygen consumption (Vo2) and colonic temperature (Tcol) were measured. Under anesthesia (the rat was immersed into warm and initial Tcol was kept at around 37.6 degrees C), NE infusion produced significant increases in V02, Q and blood flow to most of the tissues measured both in CT and CA rats. The increases in V02 and blood flow to the brown adipose tissues (BAT) were significantly higher in CA rats. Both in CT and CA rats, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), Q tissue blood flow, and V02 at rest were significantly higher in unanesthetized conditions (Ta 17 degrees C) than in anesthetized condition. In unanesthetized rats, these resting values were significantly higher in CT than in CA. In CT rats, NE infusion produced decreases in HR, Q and blood flow to most of the tissues measured. The reductions in blood flow to BAT and skeletal muscles were particularly consistent. In CA rats, NE infusion produced significant increases in Q and blood flow to most of the tissues measured particularly in BAT. Blood flow to the ear was decreased. Vo2 and Tco1 increased. The mass of BAT in CA rats was twice as much as that in CT animals. The result indicates that, in contrast to CT rats, CA rats can increase cardiac output and blood flow to BAT with NE in either anesthetized or unanesthetized conditions, which might be responsible for the significant calorigenic response to NE in these rats. PMID- 7300041 TI - Modification by magnesium and manganese ions of the effects of oxytocin on the electrical and mechanical activity of the longitudinal muscle of estrogen-treated rat uterus. AB - Ovariectomized rats were given one-shot injections of 10 microgram estradiol-17 beta benzoate, and the longitudinal muscle of the uterus was used for experiment 4 days later. The membrane potential was 58.8 +/- 2.4 mV, and the membrane activity consisted of repetitive spike potentials carried on a plateau potential. Oxytocin (1 mU/ml) caused a depolarization of 7.6 +/- 3.7 mV in a Mg-free Locke solution, a prolongation of burst discharge and increase in the frequency of spontaneous activity. The effects were potentiated by 1-3 mM Mg. Burst discharge was abolished by the application of 0.5 mM Mn, and resumed when 0.1 mU/ml oxytocin was applied. Depolarization up to about - 30 mV and a contracture were caused by 1 mU oxytocin when applied with 1-2 mM Mn. The excitatory effect of oxytocin was depressed by 5 mM Mn. Marked depolarization and contracture were produced by 1 mU oxytocin when the application of Mn was discontinued (rebound phenomenon). The above observations indicate the superficial site of Mg and Mn at low concentration in cooperative action with oxytocin, and an additional site of Mn for the rebound potentiation of contraction and depolarization. It is proposed that oxytocin accelerated Mn influx, and that intracellular Mn participates in electrical and contractile responses due to the application of oxytocin. In this respect, acetylcholine caused a similar effect. PMID- 7300042 TI - Relationship between hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory responses in man. AB - Ventilatory responses to hypoxia (A) and hypercapnia (S) were measured in 127 healthy men (105 males and 22 females) by a dual control system for regulating Pa O2 and Pa CO2 simultaneously and independently of each other. The subjects were classified into groups according to sex, age, family history, and genetics (twins). Mean values for A were 138 +/- SD 93 liters/min.mmHg in group I (subjects without family history of chronic lung diseases) and 80 +/- 56 liters/min.mmHg in group II (sons of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or silicosis). The difference was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Mean S were 1.11 +/- 0.39 liters/min.mmHg-1 in group I and 1.16 +/- 0.48 liters/min.mmHg-1 in group H. The difference was not significant. Mean values for A and S in the aged males (mean age = 71.3 years) did not differ from those in 15 adult males (mean age = 29.5 years) and 60 young twins (mean age = 16.4 years). In every respect of age, sex, familial factors, and genetics, A and S were not interrelated. Mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) was measured during air breathing and it correlated neither with A nor S. These results indicate 1) hypoxic and hypercapnic responses are not strongly related to each other, and 2) the aging process does not alter ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. PMID- 7300043 TI - Taste response in the facial nerve of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L. AB - The stimulating effect of taste substances on the external chemoreceptors of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was studied by recording the electrical activity from the facial taste fibers innervating the facial skin surface. The integrated responses from each whole nerve bundle of the trigemino-facial complex nerve revealed that gustatory receptors on the snout of the carp were extremely sensitive to salts, acids and the extract of silk worm pupae. Quinine-HCl and sucrose elicited relatively small responses. Responses occurred to several amino acids, and especially to betaine. The threshold concentration for both mono- and di-valent salts was estimated to be about 5 X 10-3 M and that for acids about 10 4 M. Single fiber analysis was performed on 77 preparations. According to responsiveness to the 4 basic chemicals, the fibers were classified into 5 types: type I, activated by one stimulus (22 fibers out of 77); type II by two (29); type III by three (11); type IV by four (13); and type V showing inhibition by quinine-HCl (2) as their notable feature. Single fibers responsive to several amino acids, and the worm extract were found, among which the last was the most effective stimulus as shown in the whole nerve experiments. PMID- 7300044 TI - Potassium contracture in the tonic bundle isolated from the enlarged flexor carpi radialis muscle of the frog. AB - The flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCRM) of the frog was divided into phasic and tonic bundles, and the properties of the potassium contracture in the tonic bundle were examined. The potassium contracture was tonic and the contracture induced by K higher than 75 mM consisted of the initial phasic component and of the following sustained component. Both components were abolished by the transverse tubule disruption. The curve relating the peak tension to the log[K]o (activation curve) started at about 15 mM K and reached maximum at about 75 mM K. By reducing [Ca]o, the activation curve shifted downward at higher [K]o, being little affected near the mechanical threshold. The time course of inactivation induced by 20 mM K was slow and monophasic, and was markedly accelerated by reducing [Ca]o. The spontaneous relaxation of the contracture induced by high K was little affected by reducing [ca]o. PMID- 7300045 TI - On-line control of circulating blood volume. AB - We developed an experimental method which enabled continuous determination of the circulatory blood volume, when the blood volume was subjected to alterations. The blood volume was modified by a servo system to control transfer of the blood between an external reservoir and the cardiovascular system. Possible application of our method to the analysis of circulatory responses to blood volume changes is discussed. PMID- 7300046 TI - Effect of body temperature on respiratory frequency in vagotomized rabbits. AB - The temperature coefficients of the fundamental central respiratory frequency (fo), cycle duration (Tco), and inspiratory duration (TIo) were estimated, and their values were 5.3, -5.3 and -2.7, respectively. These results suggest that the fundamental respiratory pacemaker is under the influence of some thermosensitive mechanisms or is thermosensitive by itself, while the mechanism controlling the inspiratory duration is unaffected by thermosensitive mechanisms. PMID- 7300047 TI - Effects of field stimulation on submucosal plexus in the isolated guinea pig ureter. AB - In a preparation consisting of the reversed ureter of the guinea pig, by field stimulation action potentials originating from nerve fibers and smooth muscle cells were recorded. The smooth muscle action potential was assumed to be due to excitation of the nerve fibers. PMID- 7300048 TI - [The effects of selective attention to tone pips and speech messages upon event related potential (author's transl)]. AB - Event-related potentials to tone pips were recorded while subjects listened selectively to one of four kinds of stimuli. High tone pips and a message in female voice were mixed and presented to one ear, and low tones and a message in male voice to the other ear. When attention was directed to tones, a slow negative shift was observed to be superimposed on the N1 (and P2) component evoked by the attended tones; when attention was switched to messages, those N1 and P2 amplitudes to tones in attended and unattended ears were reduced. The attention-related reduction of N1 and P2 amplitudes and the development of the negativity were interpreted in relation to early and late stages of the human information processing. PMID- 7300049 TI - [On the somatization of symptom in psychosomatic disease : consideration of Rorschach score (author's transl)]. AB - This study examined the somatization in psychosomatic disease by the Rorschach technique. The Rorschach test was administered to the psychosomatic, the neurotic, and the psychosomatic with mental complaints. Subjects were further classified into pain, functional, and organic disorder groups. The psychosomatic and the neurotic showed a better control of the ego on the Rorschach scores, but the difference in several variables were recognized between the two. In three subcategory groups, scores showed the correspondence between the developmental ego stage and the somatization, and the organics were found to be the typical group of PSD. From three findings, it is suggested that the somatization is caused by the splitting mechanism between inner emotion and an adjustment to the outer world, and can be explained as kind of defense mechanism. PMID- 7300051 TI - [Manifest anxiety, noise, and serial reaction performance (author's transl)]. AB - If high anxiety subjects (HA) measured by MAS have higher chronic anxiety or more sensitivity to noise stress than low anxiety subjects (LA), it is hypothesized that HA's performance decrement under noise will be markedly shown. Ten HA and 10 LA performed 4-choice serial reaction tasks under white noise (95 dB) and control (65 dB) conditions. (a) Results were follows: In LA, the noise increased error response, but HA was not affected. (b) The state anxiety score (self report measures) of LA increased under noise condition, but in HA, this increment was statistically nonsignificant. These results suggest inconsistent relationships between types of stress and personality trait anxiety (MAS). PMID- 7300050 TI - [A developmental study of narcissistic tendency (1) : women in pregnancy and confinement (author's transl)]. AB - This study examined developmental changes in the narcissistic tendency in women by two questionnaires. The first questionnaire was given to 235 women in pregnancy (P groups) and the second to 49 women in confinement (C group) who were randomly chosen from among the 235 women surveyed first. Women when pregnant were more sensitive and more narcissistic compared with when not pregnant. The narcissistic tendency associated with Exhibition found for adolescent non pregnant women (Hosoi, 1978 a) was also found for the women in pregnancy, with addition of association with Ego Ideal. They were also concerned with themselves more than their fetus. PMID- 7300054 TI - Acute afferent loop syndrome with necrosis of the duodenum salvaged by total duodenectomy. AB - A completely necrotic duodenum in a 26-year-old man due to acute afferent loop obstruction was reported. A total duodenectomy with an implantation of the papilla of Vater into the Roux-en-Y jejunal limb was carried out. The Gastrographin meal study was useful in establishing the diagnosis. PMID- 7300053 TI - [Effects of structural and naming factors of letters upon the recognition of tachistoscopic letters (author's transl)]. AB - To determine the nature of effects of a preceding letter stimulus upon the recognition of a following letter stimulus, 20 subjects were sequentially and tachistoscopically presented pairs of letters of pairs of random patterns, which consist of the same number of elements, and asked to judge whether they were "same" or "different" in form. Four variable interstimulus intervals (ISI) between the 1st stimuli and the 2nd stimuli were employed as parameters. Results obtained were as follows: (a) percentages of correct responses for the letters were not significantly different from those for the random patterns, and (b) percentages of correct responses for the "same" matching tasks were significantly higher than those for the "different" matching tasks, but, differences in number of correct responses between the two tasks diminished as ISI increased. These results reveal structural, rather than naming, effects of preceding letters in the information processing of matching single letters. PMID- 7300052 TI - [The effect of the spatial distance upon visual stream segregation (author's transl)]. AB - When 4 lights arranged in a line in the order of A, B, C, D, are flashed successively in the order of A, C, B, D at a moderately high speed, two beta movements can be seen, one across A and B, and the other C and D. Bregman and Achim (1973) named this phenomenon VISS (visual stream segregation). Four experiments were performed under various conditions for the spatial distance between the lights. Subjects were required to find the upper limits of ISI for producing VISS. It was found that VISS is affected mainly by the distance between the two beta-movements, namely, that between B and C. PMID- 7300055 TI - Breast cancer concurrent with hyperthyroidism: a case report. AB - A case of breast cancer concurrent with hyperthyroidism was reported and the relation between breast cancer and thyroid dysfunction was reviewed. It has been frequently suggested that the incidence of breast cancer is decreased in patients with hyperthyroidism and breast cancer coincidental with hyperthyroidism is rare. PMID- 7300056 TI - Lipid metabolism in partially hepatectomized dogs and effect of hepatic periarterial neurectomy. AB - Lipid metabolism in partially hepatectomized dogs was studied, by observing changes in serum lipids after hepatectomy and biosynthesis of lipids in the slices of the regenerating liver tissue. In addition, the effect of hepatic periarterial neurectomy was evaluated. Serum lipids decreased after partial hepatectomy and did not return to the postoperative level until the first postoperative week, whereas biosynthesis of lipids in the slices of the regenerating liver tissue was considerably augmented in the early postoperative period. This augmentation of lipid synthesis appears to be requirement for regeneration of the liver. When hepatic periarterial neurectomy plus partial hepatectomy was carried out, each lipid and lipoprotein fraction, except for FFA, showed a tendency to recovery earlier from the immediate postoperative decrease and did not show a late postoperative excessive increase. The decrease of alpha lipoprotein in the immediate postoperative period was augmented and the time of the peak of concentration of pre-beta-lipoprotein was hastened. Therefore, hepatic periarterial neurectomy seems to act in such a manner so as to maintain the homeostasis in lipid metabolism after partial hepatectomy and to activate the regenerative property of the residual liver in the early postoperative period. PMID- 7300057 TI - Sternal dehiscence: "delayed primary closure" for complicated cases. AB - "Delayed primary closure" of the wound in cases of sternal dehiscence is reported. This technique includes a thorough debridement, continuous antibiotic lavage, and air tight force suction of the debrided space, using a portable wound suction unit. Healing process of the complicated sternal dehiscence is thus facilitated. A discussion is made of reasons for failure and missed chances in "early primary closure" of the sternal dehiscence. PMID- 7300058 TI - The general rules for the gastric cancer study in surgery and pathology. Part I. Clinical classification. PMID- 7300059 TI - The general rules for the gastric cancer study in surgery ad pathology. Part II. Histological classification of gastric cancer. PMID- 7300060 TI - Pulmonary function before and after abdominal surgery in the aged. AB - In patients 70 years or older, pulmonary function tests were performed before and after abdominal surgery to correlate the results with the development of postoperative pulmonary complications which developed in 48% of these patients, compared to 15% in the control group. To predict the development ot PPC, preoperative analysis of the flow-volume curve is useful and 4 (V50-V25)/forced vital capacity is a valuable parameter for the analysis of the flow-volume curve. Postoperatively, pulmonary function was reduced and there was a delay in the restoration of pulmonary function in cases with postoperative pulmonary complications. The administration of appropriate analgesics may be useful to improve postoperative ventilatory disturbances. PMID- 7300061 TI - Ursodeoxycholic acid prevents gastrointestinal disorders caused by anticancer drugs. AB - Gastrointestinal disorders often occur during systemic chemotherapy. In an attempt to prevent these side-effects, ursodeoxycholic acid was administered during the systemic chemotherapy. This compound significantly alleviated the side effects, as assessed by an increase in appetite, total serum protein level and body weight. However, in patients with a deficiency in pancreatic exocrine secretion and/or obstructive jaundice due to metastasis to common bile duct, the effects were nil. PMID- 7300063 TI - [Rastelli operation as one stage correction for the infant with transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect -report of two cases of successful repair (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300062 TI - Successful resection of an aortic arch aneurysm using a temporary trifurcation bypass graft. AB - Resection of a syphilitic aortic arch aneurysm in a 62-year-old woman was accomplished using a trifurcation temporary bypass system. The bifurcation graft was sutured end-to-side to the ascending thoracic aorta, to the brachiocephalic trunk and to the left common carotid artery, respectively. The attached third limb end was anastomosed end-to-side to the infrarenal abdominal aorta. This technique enabled a large shunt into the abdominal aorta. Occlusion of the iliac arteries proved to be effective in coping with hypotension while attending to the bypass and the volume replacement. The post-operative recovery was uneventful and the patient has remained well after 43 months. PMID- 7300065 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in secundum atrial septal defect for aged patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300064 TI - [Clinical experience of valve replacement surgery with stored and fresh autologous blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300066 TI - [Comparative study of lung- and mucosal-derived heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300067 TI - [A successful modified Fontan operation for single right ventricle with common atrioventricular valvular insufficiency and pulmonary stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300068 TI - [Para-vertebral approach in extra-pleural dissection of the posterior mediastinal tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300070 TI - [Surgical treatment of left atrial myxomas -early and late results of 6 operated cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300071 TI - [Extended aortic bypass operation for dissecting aortic aneurysm of Debakey type IIIb (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300069 TI - [Experience with transvenous retrieval of a dislodged central venous catheter from the right atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300072 TI - [Three cases of lung carcinoma with giant bullae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300073 TI - [Bypass operation using autofemoral vein graft for superior vena cava syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300074 TI - [A case report of functioning paraganglioma in the posterior mediastinum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300075 TI - [A case of rhabdomyoma in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300076 TI - [A case of mitral atresia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300077 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Surgery, Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Cancer, Tohoku University. 1. Surgical indication in pulmonary hypofunction suspected to be lung cancer]. PMID- 7300078 TI - Susceptibilities of the normal bacterial flora to broad spectrum antibiotics under anaerobic condition. PMID- 7300079 TI - Some metabolic interrelationships among cadmium, lead, copper and zinc: results from a field survey in Cd-polluted areas in Japan. Part one: dietary intake of the heavy metals. PMID- 7300080 TI - [Incidence and course of pulmonary tuberculosis in smaller factories observed by the mode of detection (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300081 TI - ["Transient infection" of the lung due to Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300082 TI - [Surgical treatment for tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300083 TI - [A case of surgically treated tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenitis necessitating differentiation from other mediastinal tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300085 TI - [Prognostic significance of prolonged Q-T interval in ECG of patients treated by continuous cardiac pacing]. PMID- 7300084 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema: results of the treatment at the intensive care center]. PMID- 7300086 TI - [Slow trasicor in the treatment of essential hypertension]. PMID- 7300087 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia effect of the anticonvulsive drug tegretol]. PMID- 7300088 TI - [Surgical treatment of thromboembolism in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7300089 TI - [Size of the total area of vectorcardiographic QRS loops in young normal persons]. PMID- 7300090 TI - [Activity of creatine kinase and its isoenzymes in the myocardium of aging animals]. PMID- 7300091 TI - [Noradrenaline and adrenaline content in the myocardium and heart conduction system in humans and animals after trauma]. PMID- 7300092 TI - [Factors, affecting the outcome of ischemic heart disease and their chemotherapy]. PMID- 7300093 TI - [Prolongation of the Q-T interval of the ECG: classification and clinical significance]. AB - The extension of the Q-T interval of ECG can be accompanied by loss of consciousness and even sudden death. A unified approach is required to assess the normal duration of the Q-T interval. A table of maximum normal limits of the Q-T interval is given calculated with Bazett's formula with the coefficient K equal to 0.42. It is suggested to subdivide the extensions of the Q-T intervals according to the clinical manifestations with attacks of loss of consciousness and without them and also according to aetiology: congenital syndrome Jarvel Lange-Nielsen and that of Romano-Ward, the acquired acute (intoxications, disorders of electrolyte balance, lesions of the central nervous system, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, medicinal reactions) and the acquired chronic (diffuse lesions of the myocardium, of the brain etc.). Personal observations of syndromes of extended Q-T intervals of different aetiology are given with attacks of ventricular tachycardia of the "torsade de pointes" type and ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7300094 TI - [Characteristics of the operations on the heart conduction system in the pre excitation syndrome]. AB - Observation of 13 patients with the septal location of additional conducting pathways is given, 2 of them had James' fibres, 1 had a combination of James' and Mahaim bundles, in the remainder the Kent's bundle was in the anterior position. Removal of conduction through Kent's and His' bundles is described in detail. The syndrome of pre-excitation was successfully removed in 10 out of 12 patients, 1 had relapses later and 2 died. A detailed analysis of all 35 operated on patients with the pre-excitation syndrome is given. Good results were obtained in 88.57%. PMID- 7300095 TI - [Incidence of cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders during implantation of artificial pacemaker depending on the initial clinical and electrocardiographic picture]. PMID- 7300097 TI - [Supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia: clinico-electrocardiographic analysis and classification]. PMID- 7300098 TI - [Study of cardiac rhythm disorders in healthy men]. AB - The authors examined 1293 sportsmen engaged in different types of sporting activity and of a different level of mastership in their line and 482 young men who never went in for sports. They were subjected to electrocardiographic investigations with continuous recording of 100 cardiac cycles. The ECG analysis showed that sportsmen have disorders of cardiac rhythm in a statistically significant higher proportion of cases. The depressed activity of the sinus pacemaker is especially frequent which shows "arrhythmias of depressed sinus node" and extrasystoles. The latter in sportsmen are due to pathological changes related to the foci of chronic infections, myocardial dystrophy due to chronic physical overexertion and marked myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 7300096 TI - [Sinoatrial block with Wenckebach's period: diagnosis by means of automatic analysis of the cardial rhythm structure and clinical evaluation]. AB - Computer served to study by automatic analysis the structure of the cardiac rhythm in 190 patients: 123 patients after removal of the persistent form of atrial fibrillation, 24 with neuro-circulatory dystonia and 43 healthy individuals. Sino-atrial block with Samoilov-Wenkebach periods was recorded in 26 individuals. The characteristic changes of the cardiointervalogram in the given disorder of intracardiac conduction are described, which facilitates diagnosis considerably. The sino-atrial block with Samoilov-Wenkebach periods in the observed was not accompanied by clinical symptoms and exerted no untoward effects on the distant results of electro-impulse therapy in patients with persistent forms of atrial fibrillation. PMID- 7300099 TI - [15-year experience with electric countershock in auricular fibrillation]. AB - Electro-impulse therapy of atrial fibrillation in 627 patients with rheumatic mitral disease, atherosclerotic and myocardial cardiosclerosis proves the immediately high efficacy of the method. Dispensary examination of 455 patients revealed high rate of relapse of atrial fibrillation. A reverse relationship has been noted between the duration of the fibrillation and the duration of the sinus rhythm. The type of the main disease and the surgical treatment of the mitral disease produced no effect on the late results of electro-impulse therapy. The high rate of relapse of atrial fibrillation and the risk of complications demand strict selection of patients for this type of treatment. PMID- 7300100 TI - [Microelectrode study of spontaneous defibrillation of the heart ventricles]. AB - The authors investigated the cellular activity of the intact heart of guinea pigs of different age and pigeons both under normal conditions and during fibrillation. It is shown that spontaneous defibrillation is possible with high efficacy of cellular interaction. This leads to synchronization of the cellular activity, hyperpolarization of the cellular membrane and to the restoration of the normal rhythm. Increase of parasympathetic influence tends to block the mechanism of spontaneous defibrillation. PMID- 7300101 TI - [Myocardial morphology in fibrillation and defibrillation of the heart ventricles]. AB - The morphology of the contractile myocardium was studied experimentally in fibrillation and defibrillation of the ventricles on 30 rabbits. Morphology of the contractile myocardium appears as vacuolated dystrophy of the cardiomyocytes, destruction of mitochondria and contracture lesions of the myofibrils. The latter with progressing fibrillation become irreversible. Myocardial changes are related both to the mechanical lesions of cardiomyocytes and the haemodynamic disorders, developing as a result of ventricular fibrillation, which leads to marked myocardial hypoxia. The changes in the microcirculatory bed contribute to the development of the latter. Hyperfunction of the intracellular structures, especially of mitochondria and myofibrils, taking place under unfavourable conditions leads to a rapid energy depletion, which is one of the main causes of development of the acute cardiac insufficiency in this type of arrhythmias. Studies of cardiac defibrillation enabled one to elicit the dynamics of morphological changes, appearing in the myocardium as related to the duration of ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 7300102 TI - [Value of dipyridamole test in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The diagnostic test with dipyridamol was carried out in 83 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cardialgias of various genesis, with diagnosis verified by coronarography and veloergometry. IHD patients after dipyridamol had angina pectoris attacks with or without ischaemic changes on ECG, which points to latent coronary insufficiency. The appearance of an anginal attack with the depression of the ST segment is typical of IHD with stenosing coronary atherosclerosis, as a rule, with developed collateral vessels. As to sensitivity and specificity in detecting IHD the dipyridamol test is equal to the bicycle ergometry tests. With the results of both tests considered the frequency rate of detection of IHD is increased. The dipyridamol test is recommended for diagnosis of IHD in therapeutic and cardiological hospitals. PMID- 7300104 TI - [Results of the bicycle-ergometric tests in post-infarct cardiosclerosis]. AB - Long-term follow-up of 70 patients who had suffered myocardial infarctions included clinical, and regular ergometric examinations. For conducting therapeutic and rehabilitation procedures it suggested to study the changes in the following indices: myocardial reserve consumption coefficient, the total ST segment shift during the exercise. The results of 513 examinations showed that these indices may help practicing cardiologists in choosing the tactics of the therapy and rehabilitation of the patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7300103 TI - [False negative reactions of the bicycle ergometry test in ischemic heart disease and stenosing arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries]. AB - The authors analyse 52 results of false-negative bicycle ergometry tests in patients with ischemic heart disease and stenosing coronary atherosclerosis (according to the findings of coronarography). During bicycle ergometry all patients attained submaximum pulse rate (85% of the maximum) and had a high tolerance (808 kgm/min, on the average) to exercise. False-negative results were encountered most frequently in isolated lesion of one of the coronary arteries (usually the left anterior descending branch). The frequency of myocardial ischemia detection during bicycle ergometry did not depend on the presence or absence of collaterals. PMID- 7300105 TI - Chemical characterization of glomerular and tubular basement membranes of men of different age. AB - Pairs of glomerular and tubular basement membrane preparations were obtained from kidneys of individuals of premature age up to 80 years. The purity of the preparations was established with light and electron microscopy and by estimating the total phosphorus content. The amino acid and carbohydrate composition was determined and statistically evaluated for 33 to 38 preparations divided over five age groups. Comparison of glomerular and tubular basement membranes from the same kidneys showed that regardless of age glomerular basement membranes contain more 3-hydroxyproline and more of the heteropolysaccharide constituents neuraminic acids and mannose. These differences cannot be ascribed solely to the presence of a minor amount of interstitial collagen. The chemical composition of the two types of basement membranes changes with age. For the first few years after birth the contents of glycine and total imino acids increase and those of collagen-nonspecific amino acids decrease, whereas constituents of the heteropolysaccharide units do not change markedly. These results suggest that proportions of collagenous and noncollagenous peptide moieties gradually change with age in both glomerular and tubular basement membranes. In addition, the extent of hydroxylation of proline and lysine increases significantly with age, reaching an adult level for glomerular basement membranes after 4 to 7 months of age and for tubular basement membranes during late childhood. The contents of glucose and galactose rise with age to an extent comparable with that of hydroxylysine. The age-related changes in basement membrane composition may influence functional properties of these extracellular renal structures. PMID- 7300106 TI - Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in children with normal and impaired renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic amikacin sulfate were studied in eight children with normal renal function and in ten children with varying degrees of renal impairment. All patients received a single i.v. dose of 7.5 mg/kg of the antibiotic. Amikacin follows a two-compartment open-kinetic model. The serum half life, which in children with normal renal function has an average value of 1 hour, reached values of 14 hours in children with severe renal impairment. A lineal relationship is established between the beta constant and the creatinine clearance (Clcr) according to the equation beta = 0.001 + 0.005.Clcr, with r = 0,818. From thie equation, the dosage interval is modified to maintain the serum concentrations of the antibiotic within the therapeutic interval. PMID- 7300107 TI - Evaluation of reduced dialysis frequency using nutritional therapy. AB - This study was carried out in seven patients being treated by intermittent hemodialysis. Each had some residual renal function. In protocol 1, when the patients were dialyzed weekly and the dietary protein intake was 0.96 g/kg/day, the nitrogen balance corrected for changes in the urea pool was positive during the days between dialysis; the serum urea concentration (SUN) before dialysis was 109 +/- 7 mg/dl. In protocol 2, when dietary protein was reduced to 0.4 g/kg/day and supplemented with essential amino acids (10 g/day), the corrected nitrogen balance on days between weekly dialyses was positive; the SUN before dialysis was lower than it was in protocol 1 (-33 +/- 7 mg/dl, P less than 0.01). The nonurea space (body weight minus body water) increased in six of seven patients during protocol 2. Two patients were then treated with the dietary regimen of protocol 2 and dialyzed every 2 weeks. The corrected nitrogen balance on nondialysis days was positive, and there was a further increase in nonurea space. This study suggests that dialysis frequency may be reduced in some patients with residual renal function by means of nutritional therapy. PMID- 7300108 TI - Advanced renal cell cancer. PMID- 7300109 TI - Dependency of proximal tubular fluid transport on the load of glomerular filtrate. AB - In hydropenic rats, the reabsorption of glomerular filtrate by the proximal convoluted tubules was measured before and after reduction of its intratubular flow rate. Three different protocols were used. (1) In 26 tubules (14 rats), nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) was varied from 37.2 +/- 7.3 to 20.4 +/- 7.1 nl/min by microperfusing their loops of Henle at 0 to 5 nl/min and 40 nl/min, respectively. This 43% reduction of SNGFR was followed by a 36.0 +/- 23.3% reduction of volume reabsorption rate (P less than 0.001). Between both parameters a linear regression line can be calculated, which is given by y = 0.92 chi + 0.0017. (2) In 17 tubules (14 rats), SNGFR was altered again by feedback from 46.0 +/- 9.7 to 28.8 +/- 9.3 nl/min. The volume resorption from the first half of the proximal convoluted tubule was compared with the reabsorption in its late proximal segments, which were microperfused with proximal tubular fluid at a rate of 20 nl/min. The 36.8% reduction of SNGFR was followed by only a 28.2% reduction of volume reabsorption rate in the first half of the tubule. In the microperfused segments, however, reabsorption remained unaltered. (3) In 29 tubules (21 rats), at the midpoint of proximal convolutions, some of the tubule fluid was removed by a suction pump, and volume reabsorption rate in the late segments was compared with that in the early parts of this tubule, when SNGFR remained stable. The reduction of intratubular flow from 27.7 +/- 8.5 to 14.7 +/- 5.8 nl/min, which is 53% of control, were followed by a reduction of volume reabsorption rate in the late segment to 60.6% control. Between both parameters a regression line was calculated, which is given by y = 0.76 chi +/- 0.01. We conclude that the rate of volume reabsorption by the proximal tubule depends on its intratubular load of glomerular filtrate and, further, that this dependency accounts predominantly for the maintenance of glomerular tubular balance under conditions of hydropenia. PMID- 7300111 TI - Effects of dexamethasone on renal and systemic acid-base metabolism. PMID- 7300110 TI - Substrate oxidation by isolated single nephron segments of the rat. AB - Substrate oxidation was assessed by measuring 14CO2 production from 14C-labeled substrates in proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), medullary (MTAL), and cortical (CTAL) thick ascending limb of Henle, nephron segments rich in mitochondria and characterized by active solute transport. PCT, MTAL, and CTAL were dissected from the outer cortex, outer medulla, and the medullary rays of the cortex, respectively, of collagenase-treated rat kidney slices. Tubules were incubated at 37 degrees C in 150 microliters of Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer (pH, 7.4) with 14C-labeled substrate. 14CO2 production was linear up to 4 and 2 hours in PCT and MTAL, respectively. Freeze-thawing of the tubules markedly decreased 14CO2 production, and the addition of cyanide completely abolished it. The PCT demonstrated marked 14CO2 production from labeled succinate, 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate, glutamine, and malate (approximately 10 to 45 pmoles/mm/hr) and moderate 14CO/ production from citrate (approximately 3 pmoles/ml/hr). Little 14CO2 was released from labeled glucose and lactate in PCT. These results are consistent with the existence of gluconeogenesis in this nephron segment. By contrast, MTAL and CTAL oxidized glucose, 2-oxoglutarate, lactate, glutamate, and glutamine, but not malate, succinate, and citrate. The pentose shunt pathway accounted for approximately half of the 14CO2 produced from 1-14C glucose in MTAL and CTAL. Palmitate oxidation occurred in MTAL and CTAL but minimally in PCT. The results demonstrate a distinct pattern of substrate oxidation in PCT, MTAL, and CTAL where oxidative metabolism is critical to support active solute transport. PMID- 7300112 TI - Failure of increased sodium avidity to facilitate renal acid excretion in dogs fed sulfuric acid. AB - Previous studies have suggested that the increment in renal acid excretion caused by sulfuric acid feeding is mediated solely by an interplay between the sulfate induced increase in distal sodium delivery and the gradual augmentation of distal sodium reabsorption that occurs as sodium losses accumulate. This hypothesis predicts that if distal sodium reabsorption were stimulated sufficiently prior to the administration of sulfuric acid, excretion of the hydrogen ion load would occur promptly, thus obviating the fall in plasma bicarbonate or loss of cation that normally occurs. To test this prediction, we fed sulfuric acid (7 mEq of H+/kg/day) to dogs in which distal sodium avidity had been enhanced prior to acid feeding either by diuretic-induced sodium depletion (N = 6) or by deoxycorticosterone acetate 7.5 mg, twice a day and a low-sodium diet (N = 8). Contrary to expectation, over the first 3 days of acid feeding there was a significant fall in plasma bicarbonate (7.1 and 7.5 mEq/liter) and an increase in urinary sodium excretion (48 mEq in both groups). Moreover, changes in both plasma bicarbonate and urinary sodium excretion were similar to those observed previously (5.9 mEq/liter and 46 mEq, respectively) in normal dogs fed the same dose of sulfuric acid. PMID- 7300113 TI - Peristaltic flow of urine in the renal capillary collecting ducts of hamsters. AB - Urine movements in the papillary collecting ducts were studied visually, in vivo, through the intact renal pelvic wall in anesthetized (Inactin 150 mg/kg) hamsters having a normal range of urine flow rates (0.5 to 3.8 microliters.min(-1).100 g of body wt-1). Urine was given a contrasting color by a continuous i.v. infusion of lissamine green (0.5 to 2%) in saline. The lower renal pelvis with about 1.3 mm of the renal papilla was illuminated with a fiber optic light, and the movements of urine in the medullary collecting ducts were observed and filmed through a dissecting microscope. Urine flow was determined indirectly by measuring changes in the urinary bladder diameter, and the rate of urine formation was manipulated by changing the rate of lissamine green-saline infusion. Urine, propelled by pelvic peristaltic waves, moved as discreet boluses in a pulsatile fashion through the papillary collecting ducts. The length of the urine boluses and the percent of time the papillary collecting ducts were in contact with urine increased in direct proportion to urine flow. At the lowest urine flow rate, the papillary collecting ducts (at 1.0 mm from the tip) were empty 94% of the time. The velocity (1.6 +/- 0.1 mm.sec-1) and frequency (12.6 +/ 0.5 contractions.min-1) of the pelvic peristaltic waves were not related to urine flow rate. The renal pelvic contractions were also observed to cause discontinuous blood flow in the vasa recta. In the context of Stephenson's mass balance equation for the concentration ratio of the kidney, the discontinuous fluid movements imposed by the renal pelvis may resulted in an increased urine concentrating ability. PMID- 7300114 TI - Intracellular electrolyte composition following renal ischemia. AB - The technique of electron microprobe analysis was used to determine the intracellular electrolyte concentrations in proximal or distal tubular cells of the rat kidney during ischemia. When the exposed kidney was maintained in air during ischemia, the composition of the surface cells differed little from control, and the electrolyte disturbances were confined to the deeper lying cells. When maintained in nitrogen, all cells underwent changes in cellular electrolyte concentrations that were uniform, indicating that the surface cells can preserve their composition during ischemia by utilizing oxygen from the air. In the proximal tubular cells, after 20 or 60 min of ischemia in nitrogen, sodium increased from 20 to 93 or 112, chloride rose from 21 to 53 or 66, potassium fell from 141 to 65 or 42, phosphate decreased from 145 to 110 or 95 mmoles.kg-1 of wet wt, and the dry wt dropped from 22.6 to 20.3 or 17.5% of wet wt, respectively. In the distal tubular cells, 20 min of ischemia in nitrogen produced little effect on cellular composition, but after 60 min, sodium increased from 11 to 77, chloride rose from 15 to 48, potassium fell from 134 to 89, phosphate decreased from 168 to 145 mmoles.kg-1 of wet wt, and the dry wt dropped from 20.8 to 18.4% of wet wt. The disturbances in sodium and potassium are caused primarily by an inhibition of the sodium/potassium pump, whereas the changes in chloride, phosphate, and dry weight content result mainly from an influx of extracellular fluid. When blood flow was reintroducing, the electrolyte disturbances were rapidly reversed in all cells, restoration being virtually complete within 60 min, but returned in some proximal cells by 18 hr of reperfusion. Thus, the disturbance in electrolyte composition increases with the duration of ischemia, is less pronounced in the distal than proximal cells and, although initially completely reversible when blood flow is restored, reappeared in the proximal cells 1 days after the initial injury. PMID- 7300116 TI - Analytical cell fractionation of isolated rabbit renal proximal tubules. AB - Proximal tubules were isolated in highly pure form from rabbit cortices by a mechanical procedure that is known to preserve the structural and metabolic aspects of the tubular cells. Postnuclear supernates prepared from the isolated tubules were subjects to isopycnic centrifugation in linear sucrose gradients. The enzyme activities associated with the plasma membrane (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, amino-peptidase M, alkaline phosphatase, Na-K-ATPase, and phosphodiesterase I) exhibited sharp unimodal frequency-density profiles with a median density near 1.16 g/ml, which shifted to a heavier density when treated with digitonin. The lysosomal enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha mannosidase, and cathepsin B, and the peroxisomal enzyme catalase exhibited particle-associated activity near a density of 1.22 g/ml. Disruption of these particles by freezing and thawing resulted in these activities appearing in the rho = 1.10 g/ml region of the gradient where the soluble cytosolic enzyme, phosphoglucomutase, exhibited activity. Cytochrome oxidase activity typical of mitochondria gave a sharp unimodal profile at rho = 1.18 g/ml. Microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase and NADPH: cytochrome c reductase activities gave median densities near 1.16 g/ml, which did not change after incubation with digitonin. Galactosyl transferase activity gave a skewed profile at rho = 1.16 g/ml and showed a slight shift to heavier density after digitonin. This study of the enzymatic activities and density gradient distribution of the components of the proximal tubule cells provides the methodology for the further study of the cellular processing of endogenous and exogenous substances by this vital cell type. PMID- 7300117 TI - Nitrogen and urea metabolism during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - During continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), concentrations of serum urea nitrogen (SUN) have been reported that are lower than what would be predicted from estimated dietary protein intake and the calculated urea clearance by dialysis. Net urea generation (urea nitrogen appearance) and losses of various nitrogenous constituents were measured during 12 metabolic studies in patients undergoing CAPD. Patients ingested constant diets containing either 1.0 or 1.4 g or protein per kilogram of body wt per day; total daily urea "clearance" from peritoneal dialysis plus renal clearance averaged 10.8 +/- 0.3 liters/day. Urea nitrogen appearance was only 55 and 68% of total nitrogen output with the low and high protein diets, respectively, values that are substantially lower than those reported in normal subjects, patients with chronic renal failure, and those undergoing hemodialysis. The reduction fraction of nitrogen appearing as urea was largely accounted for by the loss of protein and free amino acids into the dialysate. These respective constituents accounted fro 11.5 and 4.4% of total nitrogen output. Urea nitrogen appearance correlated closely (r = 0.96) with total nitrogen output in the patients undergoing CAPD. PMID- 7300115 TI - Acute reversible proteinuria induced by infusion of the polycation hexadimethrine. AB - To test the hypothesis that neutralization of polyanions of the glomerular filter in vivo will lead to loss of charge-dependent glomerular permselectivity, we have infused i.v. the polycation hexadimethrine (HDM) into rats. Heavy proteinuria resulted after a lag period of 30 to 50 min, and it resolved when the infusion was stopped. Concurrent administration of heparin prevented the proteinuria. Urinary proteins were examined by immunoelectrophoresis, isoelectric focusing with immunofixation, and sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The major protein was rat albumin, but there were also large quantities of intact rat IgG. HDM was bound at known sites of glomerular polyanion in the laminae rarae of the basement membrane and on the epithelial cell glycocalyx. Associated with this binding were reversible abnormalities of the epithelial cells similar to those seen during in vitro neutralization of glomerular polyanion. Aside from proteinaceous tubular casts, no other histologic abnormality was noted. These studies provide direct evidence that neutralization of glomerular polyanions in vivo results in heavy proteinuria. The appearance of substantial quantities of rat IgG in the urine implies that abnormalities of size as well as charge dependent permselectivity occur, suggesting that the polyanions of the glomerular filter may be important in maintaining its structure as well as its function. PMID- 7300118 TI - Epinephrine and potassium homeostasis. AB - The effect of epinephrine on potassium metabolism was examined in six subjects. Each subject participated in four studies as follows: (1) potassium chloride infusion (0.75 mEq/kg, i.v.) given over 2 hours, (2) epinephrine (0.05 micrograms/kg.min) plus potassium chloride, (3) propranolol (1.43 micrograms/kg.min) plus epinephrine plus potassium chloride, and (4) propranolol plus potassium chloride. The epinephrine infusion with potassium chloride led to a marked improvement in potassium tolerance, which was due to a greater than twofold increase in the extrarenal disposal of potassium (P less than 0.001). The enhancing effect of epinephrine on extrarenal potassium uptake was completely reversed with the beta-blocking agent propranolol. When propranolol alone was infused with potassium chloride, a significant decrease in the extrarenal disposal of potassium was observed. When potassium chloride was infused alone, 47% of the administered potassium load was excreted in the urine. Epinephrine infusion with potassium chloride markedly inhibited the urinary excretion of potassium (UkV) to rates that were actually below the basal potassium excretion rate (P less than 0.001). Propranolol almost completely reversed this effect of epinephrine on UkV, and when propranolol was infused alone, an enhancement in UkV (P less than 0.005) was observed. Insulin adds only a minor contribution to the enhancing effect of epinephrine on extrarenal potassium disposal and dose not contribute at all to the inhibitory effect of epinephrine on renal potassium excretion. These results demonstrate that epinephrine ameliorates the rise in plasma potassium concentration following potassium chloride infusion. Because none of the infused potassium was excreted during the 4-hour study period, the improvement in potassium tolerance must result from an enhancement in extrarenal potassium disposal. The ability of propranolol to reverse both the extrarenal and renal effects indicates that the action of epinephrine is mediated via stimulation of the beta receptor. PMID- 7300119 TI - Renal filtration fraction, effective vascular compliance, and partition of fluid volumes in sustained essential hypertension. AB - Extracellular fluid volume, hemodynamic parameters, total effective compliance, and renal indices were measured in 58 patients with sustained essential hypertensive in comparison with 56 normotensive subjects of the same age and sex. All subjects had a balanced sodium intake and urinary output with inulin clearance and extracellular fluid volume within normal ranges. In patients with hypertension, the ratio between plasma volume (PV) and interstitial fluid volume (IFV) was decreased (P less than 0.01) and was negatively correlated with the filtration fraction (FF) (r = -0.43; P less than 0.001). Total effective compliance was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001) and was positively correlated with the PV/IFV ratio (r = 0.73; P less than 0.001) and negatively correlated with FF (r = -0.56; P less than 0.001. The study provides evidence that the relationships between PV/IFV, FF, and vascular compliance reflect an alteration of the postcapillary segment of the circulation in hypertension. PMID- 7300120 TI - Muscle degradation in uremia: 3-methylhistidine release in fed and fasted rats. AB - The rate of myofibrillar protein degradation was measured by 3-methylhistidine (3MH) release in moderately uremic and sham-operated control rats. The rats were studied in the fed state or after 24 and 48 hours of fasting. When fed, both uremic and control rats gained weight at the same rate. During 48 hours of fasting, the uremic animals lost more weight (17.1%) than the shams (13.2%). The ratio of gastrocnemius muscle protein per gram of wet weight was not significantly different under any conditions. When fed and 48-hour fasted animals are compared, urinary excretion of 3MH rose from 0.81 to 1.32 moles per 24 hr per 100 g of initial body wt shams and from 0.90 to 1.30 moles per 24 hr per 100 g of initial body wt in the uremics. When ratio of 3MH to creatinine excretion in the urine was compared, there was no change in 3MH excretion between 0 and 24 hours, but there was an increase between 24 and 48 hours. Analysis of serum and muscle samples from fed and 48-hours fasted animals revealed that the concentrations of 3MH increased in both groups during fasting, with the uremic rats having a large increase in the total body 3MH pool. Myofibrillar degradation rates calculated from the sum of urinary excretion plus the changes in body 3MH pool size revealed that with moderate fasting, degradation rates increased in both sham and uremic rats with a larger increase being seen in the uremic group. After 48 hours of fasting, the increased amount of 3MH released from muscle of uremic rats was comparable to their larger percentage weight loss. PMID- 7300121 TI - Mechanism by which enhanced ammonia production reduces urinary potassium excretion. AB - To determine the mechanism whereby an increase in ammonia production decreases urinary potassium excretion, we perfused isolated rat kidneys at a pH of either 7.0 or 7.4. After 45 min of perfusion at either pH, glutamine or ammonium chloride was added to the perfusate to result in concentration of 5 and 0.8 mM, respectively and observations were continued for 50 min. Control kidneys were perfused at both pH's without further additions to the perfusate. At pH 7.0 glutamine increased ammonia production and increased urinary ammonium excretion strikingly; whereas the addition of ammonium chloride did not change ammonia production but increased urinary ammonium excretion to a comparably degree. Both maneuvers resulted in a reciprocal fall in urinary potassium excretion in comparison with control perfusions. The decreases in potassium excretion could not be accounted for by differences in perfusate or urinary acid-base parameters, or by changes in urinary sodium, water, or chloride excretion. At pH 7.4, glutamine also significantly increased ammonia production and perfusate ammonia concentration. In contrast to the studied at pH 7.0 in which the urine pH was acid (5.9), the urine remained alkaline (pH 7.2), and both urinary ammonium excretion and urinary potassium excretion were unaltered. Thus, potassium sparing is not a nonspecific effect of glutamine, its metabolism to ammonia, or perfusate ammonia concentration but is directly related to an increase in urinary ammonium excretion. PMID- 7300122 TI - Stimulation by oxygen radicals of prostaglandin production by rat renal glomeruli. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes secreting oxygen radicals are found in the glomerular capillaries at an early stage of experimental acute glomerulonephritis. The aim of this work was to study the effects of these radicals on prostaglandin (PG) production by the glomeruli. Glomeruli were isolated from rat renal cortex and incubated in the presence of a biochemical system capable of generating oxygen radicals (addition to 100 microM xanthine of increasing concentrations of xanthine oxidase). Synthesis of PGE2, PGF2alpha, 6 keto PGF1alpha, and TXB2 estimated using specific radioimmunoassays was twofold greater in the presence of oxygen radicals. This effect was inhibited by catalase, slightly stimulated by superoxide dismutase, unaffected by hydroxyl radical scavengers, thus suggesting that hydrogen peroxide was the by-product responsible. This was confirmed by the stimulatory effect of hydrogen peroxide itself (1 to 100 microM) on PG synthesis. The effect of mepacrine, an inhibitor of phospholipase activity, on PG production was more marked in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and the stimulation of PG synthesis by hydrogen peroxide or oxygen radicals was progressively inhibited in the presence of arachidonic acid. Moreover, oxygen radicals stimulated the release of 14C-arachidonic acid previously incorporated in isolated glomeruli. This demonstrates that the increase in PG synthesis in response to oxygen radicals is due to activation of glomerular phospholipase by these radicals. This effect that is likely to occur at an early stage of experimental glomerulonephritis could play a role in the mechanism of the inflammatory process. PMID- 7300123 TI - Heterogeneity of the rabbit collecting tubule: localization of mineralocorticoid hormone action to the cortical portion. AB - This study was designed to examine the sodium, potassium, and chloride transport rates across the cortical and outer medullary collecting tubule and to localize the action of mineralocorticoid hormone. Rabbit collecting tubules were dissected from the cortex (CCT), the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OMCT0), or the inner stripe of the outer medulla (OMCTi). From normal rabbits, the transepithelial voltage was -20.8 +/- 2.7 mV in CCT, -4.2 +/- 1.4 mV in OMCT0, and +10.6 +/- 2.3 mV in OMCTi. From DOCA-treated rabbits, only the CCT voltage was different (-42.9 mV). Net sodium absorption across the CCT increased ith DOCA treatment from 23 +/- 5 to 54 +/- 8 pEq . mm-1 . min-1, whereas net potassium secretion increased from 15 +/- 2 to 43 +/- 5 pEq . min-1 . min-1. Net chloride absorption was significant only in DOCA-treated rabbits. The OMCTi, in contrast, displayed no net transport of sodium, potassium, or chloride and had a lower rate coefficient for sodium efflux than did the CCT. DOCA treatment had no effect on any transport rate measured in this segment. The OMCT0 has small potassium secretion, which did not increase with DOCA treatment. The collecting tubule is heterogeneous along its length with respect to ion transport. Mineralocorticoid hormone-sensitive sodium absorption is present predominantly, if not exclusively, in the cortical collecting tubule. PMID- 7300124 TI - Potassium recycling in the renal medulla: effects of acute potassium chloride administration to rats fed a potassium-free diet. AB - According to the hypothesis of potassium recycling in the renal medulla, a portion of potassium in fluid in the medullary collecting duct is reabsorbed, trapped in the medullary interstitium by countercurrent exchange, and secreted in either the pars recta or descending limb of the juxtamedullary nephron. To examine the effects of an acute change in potassium balance on recycling, we performed a micropuncture study on the exposed papilla of 8 chloride. A second group of 6 rats was studied under identical conditions and infused with potassium chloride and amiloride. In the first group, the fraction of filtered potassium remaining at the end of the juxtamedullary descending limb increased with time to values over 100% concomitantly with the rise in urinary excretion of potassium. A strong association was found between those two variables (P less than 0.025). In the second group, in which the increase in urinary fractional excretion of potassium was prevented by amiloride, the rise in fractional of filtered potassium remaining at the end of the juxtamedullary nephron was abolished. These findings are interpreted as providing further support for the hypothesis of medullary recycling of potassium. PMID- 7300128 TI - Urinary excretion of prostaglandins and electrolytes in developing children. AB - A longitudinal study of the urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PG's) E and Falpha was performed in 55 healthy children aged from 1 to 114 months. In addition, the urinary PG's and electrolytes were studied in 6 children with Bartter's syndrome before and after an oral treatment with indomethacin. In normal children, both urinary PGE and PGF alpha increased with age, more markedly before 24 months of age. During this period, a positive and significant correlation was found with the urinary osmolality (r = 0.61, N = 16, P less than 0.05 for PGE; r = 0.82, N = 16, P less than 0.001 for PGF alpha). At every age, the urinary PG's were related to the potassium excretion (r = 0.68, N = 55, P less than 0.001 for PGE; r = 0.65, N = 55, P less than 0.002 for PGFalpha) but not to the natriuresis. In children with Bartter's syndrome, the increased urinary excretion of PGE, PGFalpha and potassium when the natriuresis was either decreased or increased after treatment. These results suggest that the renal PG's might play a role in the control of potassium excretion by the kidney. In addition, the determination of normal values in different age groups appears necessary for an accurate interpretation of the urinary PG's. PMID- 7300126 TI - Luminal and antiluminal transport of glutamine in dog kidney: effect of metabolic acidosis. AB - We have studied the luminal acid antiluminal transport of glutamine and glutamate with the pulse injection multiple indicator dilution technique in normal dogs and in dogs with acute and chronic acidosis. The single-pass experiments yield estimates of unidirectional influx at each nephron surface. The kidney of normal dogs extracts 57% of the arterial glutamine load; 23% of this extraction is due to luminal reabsorption and 34% to antiluminal uptake from the peritubular circulation. After the total net extraction by the kidney is determined from arteriovenous differences and blood flow measurements, in normal dogs, the net antiluminal flux is calculated to be negative, indicating that at least part of the glutamine reabsorbed is returned to the renal venous circulation across the antiluminal membrane. In acutely acidotic dogs, the situation is similar, but a 30% to 40% fall in renal hemodynamics (blood flow and GFR) is observed with secondary reduction in luminal and antiluminal uptake. In chronically acidotic dogs, the unidirectional luminal and antiluminal uptakes of glutamine are similar to that observed in normal animals, but the calculated efflux across the antiluminal membrane is drastically reduced. These findings suggest that (l) a cellular transport mechanism for glutamine exists at the antiluminal pole of the renal tubule and dominates the luminal uptake process in normal animals; (2) cellular transport of glutamine (luminal and antiluminal) does not play a role in the renal adaptation to metabolic acidosis; (3) the intrarenal utilization of glutamine acts as a metabolic sink for this amino acid, which in turn regulates its net uptake by the kidney; and (4) the total uptake of glutamine limits ammoniagenesis in this species. PMID- 7300125 TI - Sites of ammonia addition to tubular fluid in rats with chronic metabolic acidosis. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine in which nephron segments ammonia was added to or removed from the lumenal fluid of the rat. Ammonium was measured in proximal and distal tubular fluid samples obtained by micropuncture and in collecting duct fluid samples obtained by microcatheterization. Water abstraction was assessed by examining the tubular fluid-to-plasma inulin concentration, (TF/P)In. In normal or acidotic rats, the vast bulk of the final urine ammonium appeared in the proximal tubular fluid samples. Most of this ammonia was lost, however, in transit from the proximal to the distal tubule so that only 20 to 30% of the excreted ammonium was present at the distal site. Ammonia reentered the lumenal fluid primarily in the cortical collecting duct in acidotic rats and in the medullary collecting duct in normal rats. Although the pattern was qualitatively similar in both groups of rats, the absolute quantity of ammonium in each nephron segment of normal rats was about 10 to 20% of that in acidotic animals. PMID- 7300129 TI - Hyperosmolality, acetate, and lactate: dilatory factors during peritoneal dialysis. AB - Factors that alter peritoneal blood flow may influence the clearance of solutes during peritoneal dialysis. Arteriolar vasodilation, for instance, could increase the delivery of solutes to the capillaries and venules leading to an increase in solute transport into the peritoneal cavity. This study was designed to identify the vasoactive effects of several major components of McGaw and Dianeal peritoneal dialysis solutions to understand how the composition of these solutions may alter in vivo blood flow in the peritoneum. Because the major differences between these solutions and Krebs solution are a high osmolality, a high dextrose concentrations, and an acetate or lactate buffer system, we investigated the effects of these components. Rats were anesthetized with the combination of urethane and chloralose. The cremaster muscles, with the nerve and blood supplies from the rat still intact, was placed in a specially designed tissue chamber that was filled with Krebs solutions. A port permitted microscopic observations of the blood vessels. In vivo television microscopy observations was used to quantitate changes in small arteriole diameters induced by changes in the composition of the solution bathing the cremaster or by the addition of nitroprusside. Hyperosmolality produced by the addition of dextrose, sucrose, or sodium chloride to the Krebs solution induced a submaximal dilation of the small arterioles of the cremaster. The rate of dilation differed depending on the substance used to increase osmolality. A normal osmolality acetate (74 mM) or lactate (45 mM) solution produced a slow, submaximal dilation of the cremaster arterioles. Hyperosmolar acetate (37 or 74 mM) or lactate (45 mM) solutions produced a rapid, maximal dilation of these vessels. Because the rate of dilation and maximal effect produced by the commercial dialysis solutions were similar to these same parameters produced by the high-osmolality acetate or lactate solutions, the dilatory effects of McGaw and Dianeal solutions appear to be due to the combinations of high osmolality and the buffer anion acetate or lactate. PMID- 7300127 TI - Aluminum localization in bone from hemodialyzed patients: relationship to matrix mineralization. AB - It has been suggested that in uremic bone, aluminum interferes with normal mineralization. Aluminum content and aluminum localization were studied in iliac crest biopsies of two groups of patients on regular hemodialysis; one group had histologic osteomalacia, and little or no bone resorption (group 1); the other, osteitis fibrosa and no mineralization defect (group 2). Group 1 patients had significantly higher plasma aluminum concentrations than those of group 2. No difference was found in bone aluminum content, which was above normal in both groups. In the bone samples of the osteomalacic subjects, aluminum was mainly localized at the limit between osteoid and calcified tissue, the site where the bone mineral is normally first deposited. Osteomalacia could not be related to hypocalcemia or to phosphate depletion. Active vitamin D derivatives (25 hydroxycholecalciferol and 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol) failed to prevent or to improve the bone disease. In the bone samples of group 2 subjects, aluminum could not be localized by the methods used, except in the two cases with greatly elevated bone aluminum, where it was mainly localized on cement lines. In group 2 subjects, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone plasma concentration, osteoclast surface, and marrow fibrosis were significantly higher than they were in group 1 subjects. It is concluded that in bone from uremic patients on regular dialysis, aluminum can induce a particular form of osteomalacia, resistant to the vitamin D active derivatives. The bone disease is only observed in the absence of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. This suggests that parathyroid hormone may be involved in the development of the aluminum-induced mineralization defect. PMID- 7300130 TI - Transillumination of renal biopsy specimens for rapid identification of glomeruli. PMID- 7300131 TI - [Indications for blood exchange transfusion in newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 7300133 TI - [Bacteriological findings in the upper gastrointestinal tract of children]. PMID- 7300132 TI - [Effect or gestational age on natriuresis in the neonatal period]. PMID- 7300134 TI - [Mohr syndrome. Signs and genetic counseling]. PMID- 7300135 TI - [Methods and results of systematic physiotherapeutic measures in respiratory tract diseases in childhood]. PMID- 7300136 TI - [Anterograde and retrograde cholangiography in the diagnosis of bile duct obstruction]. PMID- 7300137 TI - [Principles of applying a choledochoduodenal anastomosis]. PMID- 7300138 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 7300139 TI - [Operation with preservation of the gallbladder in chronic calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 7300140 TI - [Functional liver disorder in operations on the organ under regional artificial circulation]. PMID- 7300141 TI - [Preoperative correction of the protein disturbances in portal hypertension]. PMID- 7300142 TI - [[Comparative assessment of the state of the nervous system in children with portacaval anastomoses applied in portal hypertension]. PMID- 7300143 TI - [Rheohepatographic results in extrahepatic portal hypertension]. PMID- 7300144 TI - [Characteristics of the arterial circulatory reorganization in the liver in intrahepatic and prehepatic forms of portal hypertension]. PMID- 7300145 TI - [Surgical procedure in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7300146 TI - [Unidimensional echography in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7300147 TI - [Morphohistochemical characteristics of the liver parenchyma in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7300148 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic importance of studying sialic acids in the blood serum in destructive forms of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7300149 TI - [Surgical treatment of rare complications in cholelithiasis and gallbladder cancer]. PMID- 7300150 TI - [Papillosphincterotomy in choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 7300151 TI - [Method for long-term intestinal oxygen therapy]. PMID- 7300152 TI - [Classification of the methods for external drainage of the bile ducts; in response to A. V. Shaposhnikov's article (Klinicheskaia khirurgiia, 1980, No. 9, pp. 58-9)]. PMID- 7300153 TI - [Prevention of hemorrhages in operations on the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 7300154 TI - [Functional state of the hepatobiliary system in calculous cholecystitis based on x-ray and radiologic study data]. PMID- 7300155 TI - [Role of lipid peroxidation in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis complicated by biliary peritonitis]. PMID- 7300156 TI - [Protein membrane digestion disorders in obstructive jaundice of tumor origin]. PMID- 7300160 TI - [Morphological changes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa after bile drainage into the stomach]. PMID- 7300157 TI - [Combination of cholelithiasis and peptic ulcer against a background of duodenal anomaly]. PMID- 7300158 TI - [Internal fistulae between the extrahepatic bile ducts, stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 7300159 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in congenital cyst of the distal portion of the common bile duct complicated by an external biliary fistula]. PMID- 7300162 TI - [Combination of postnecrotic liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive thrombophlebitis of the portal vein and Chiari's disease]. PMID- 7300161 TI - [Disorders of the motor evacuatory function of the stomach and intestines in external biliary and intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7300163 TI - [Indications for liver resection and denervation of the hepatic artery in cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 7300164 TI - [Effect of splenic artery ligation on hepatoportal hemodynamics in liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension]. PMID- 7300165 TI - [Chiari's disease as a complication of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7300166 TI - [Clinicodiagnostic importance of determining leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of patients with liver and biliary tract pathology]. PMID- 7300167 TI - [Luminescence study of ischemic intestine in incarcerated hernia]. PMID- 7300168 TI - [Traumatic hernia of the right diaphragmatic cupula]. PMID- 7300169 TI - [Thoraco-abdominal wound with injuries of the diaphragm and abdominal organs]. PMID- 7300170 TI - [Acute appendicitis in newborn infants]. PMID- 7300171 TI - [Torsion of the appendix in a child]. PMID- 7300172 TI - [Humoral immunity in children with appendicular peritonitis]. PMID- 7300173 TI - [Effect of methyluracil on the course of the postoperative period after herniotomy and appendectomy]. PMID- 7300174 TI - [Thoracic duct drainage in the complex treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 7300175 TI - [Hemosorption in septic peritonitis]. PMID- 7300176 TI - [Immediate results of the surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 7300177 TI - [Treatment of intestinal obstruction caused by adhesions]. PMID- 7300178 TI - [Treatment of appendicular infiltrate]. PMID- 7300179 TI - [Vagotomy in the surgical treatment of stomach ulcer]. PMID- 7300180 TI - [Characteristics of gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer associated with chronic duodenal obstruction]. PMID- 7300181 TI - [Immediate and late results of restorative and reconstructive operations on cicatricially changed bile ducts]. PMID- 7300182 TI - [Surgical treatment of adrenal gland cysts]. PMID- 7300183 TI - [Long-term epidural anesthesia in the postoperative period]. PMID- 7300185 TI - [Control of infection in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7300186 TI - [Pathomimia in the differential diagnosis of actinomycosis]. PMID- 7300184 TI - [Silicone rubber and hydrone breast prosthesis]. PMID- 7300187 TI - [Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 7300188 TI - [Tactical difficulties and errors in the surgical treatment of appendicular abscess]. PMID- 7300189 TI - [Rare complication of appendectomy]. PMID- 7300190 TI - [X-ray examination of patients with external intestinal fistulas]. PMID- 7300191 TI - [A mathematical method in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and intestinal infection in young children]. PMID- 7300192 TI - [Controlled colostomy with a magnetic closing device]. PMID- 7300193 TI - [Hemostasis with glue during surgery for retroperitoneal neoplasms]. PMID- 7300194 TI - [Single-step intrapleural esophagoplasty with isoperistaltic gastric tube]. PMID- 7300195 TI - [Tubular skin grafts in esophagoplasty of cervical region of the esophagus]. PMID- 7300196 TI - [Gastroplasty in experimental total resection of the small intestine]. PMID- 7300197 TI - [Modified esophagoplasty in cicatricial esophageal strictures]. PMID- 7300198 TI - [Crohn disease]. PMID- 7300199 TI - [Crohn disease complicated by perforation of the ileum]. PMID- 7300200 TI - [Pyeloduodenal fistula]. PMID- 7300201 TI - [Creation of artificial esophagus from the large intestine after preliminary preparation of the graft]. PMID- 7300202 TI - [Mechanism of dissemination of cancer of the cardia to the esophagus]. PMID- 7300203 TI - [Trends in development of surgical oncology]. PMID- 7300204 TI - [Repeated surgery in gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7300205 TI - [Cicatricial strictures of esophageal anastomoses]. PMID- 7300206 TI - [Vagotomy in surgical treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7300207 TI - [Secretory function of the stomach after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 7300208 TI - [Functional states of gastric stump in postgastrectomy syndromes]. PMID- 7300209 TI - [Closed injuries of the duodenum]. PMID- 7300212 TI - [Treatment of external fistulae of digestive tract]. PMID- 7300211 TI - [Combined treatment of external intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7300210 TI - [Treatment of intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7300214 TI - [Surgical tactics in multiple bilateral penetrating thoracic and abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7300213 TI - [Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diffuse purulent peritonitis]. PMID- 7300215 TI - [Injuries of the proximal end of the radius in children]. PMID- 7300216 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis of the large intestine]. PMID- 7300217 TI - [Ulcers of esophagus and esophageal anastomoses]. PMID- 7300218 TI - [Use of elemental diets in preoperative management of patients with diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 7300219 TI - [Repeated reconstructive surgery in children with insufficiency of the anal sphincter]. PMID- 7300220 TI - [Subdiaphragmatic abscess]. PMID- 7300221 TI - [Postoperative complications in diffuse polyposis of the large intestine]. PMID- 7300223 TI - [Coagulation therapy of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in juveniles (author's transl)]. AB - 51 selected juvenile diabetics (diabetes before the age of 12 and proliferative retinopathy before the age of 25) were treated over a 3-years-period by xenon photocoagulation, in a minor percentage additionally also by argonlaser-, cryo- or diathermy-coagulation. Results of therapy regarding both fundus disease and visual acuity are highly dependent from the morphologic aspect of the fundus at the beginning of coagulation. Eyes with peripheral neovascularizations alone have no more neovascularizations in 65% after 3 years, this is true for eyes with papillary neovascularizations in only 20%. Vitreous hemorrhage further reduces this percentage. Blindness after 3 years is rare in eyes with peripheral neovascularizations alone (3%). On the other side 52% of eyes with papillary neovascularizations and vitreous hemorrhages are blind after 3 years. PMID- 7300222 TI - [A classification of light reflexes of the ocular fundus (author's transl)]. AB - The proposed classification resulted from many years of studying the light reflexes and their clinical importance in diseases of the fundus. The generally used term "retinal reflexes" is rejected; it is more appropriate to call them "light reflexes of the ocular fundus". They are divided into normal and pathologic reflexes. Pathologic reflexes are seen in diseases of the fundus. Within the group of normal reflexes it is possible to discern pathologic variants. The macular reflex, for example, may be normal or pathologic. Normal reflexes are the foveolar, the macular, the intramacular, the paramacular, the perimacular, the plane-like reflexes, Frost's points, the vertically linear reflexes, and the light streaks of the vessels. The pathologic reflexes comprise the fan-like, the focal, the peridiscal, the linear, the stationary, the metalloid reflexes, and the crystalline ones. This classification is intended not only for standardizing the nomenclature of the reflexes, but also for facilitating the recognition and differentiation of the numerous reflexes of the ocular fundus. PMID- 7300224 TI - [Visual evoked potentials, contrast sensitivity and color perception in patients with optic nerve neuritis and multiple sclerosis]. AB - Forty-nine patients with acute optic neuritis (in 21 cases associated with MS) and 26 patients known to have MS but with no history of optic nerve disease underwent visual evoked potential, contrast sensitivity and color vision tests. In patients with optic neuritis the contrast sensitivity was shown to detect optic nerve lesions better than the VEP an often permitted a distinction between acute and past optic neuritis. Combined testing with contrast sensitivity and VEP was superior to the single tests and detected 100% of the acute optic nerve lesions, although in many cases damage was selective and only involved some of the information channels. Desaturated color tests were abnormal in 3/4 of the patients, disturbances of blue-yellow discrimination being commoner than those of red-green. In cases with clinically unilateral optic neuritis the apparently normal partner eye was affected in 61% of the patients; complete recovery of optic nerve function without some residual deficit is rare. Approximately 3/4 of the eyes of patients known to have MS but with no history of past visual disturbances showed bilateral optic nerve involvement. The frequency of subclinical optic nerve lesions rose to 91% at a follow-up examination one year later. the literature is reviewed and our results are compared with the previously published data. PMID- 7300226 TI - [Visually evoked cortical potentials (VECP) in patients with doubtful impairment of central vision (author's transl)]. AB - Visual evoked cortical potential (VECP) to non-structured, brightness (luminance) stimuli do not provide an appropriate means for assessing the degree of impaired central vision. In comparison, visually evoked cortical potentials to structured (patterned) stimuli presented by pattern reversal of equal mean luminance are highly susceptible to visual changes caused by reduced central vision. Employing different check sizes, the use of checkerboard pattern reversal VECPs permits, independently of the patient, to assess the impairment of central vision. PMID- 7300225 TI - [Determination of visual acuity by the visually evoked cortical potential (author's transl)]. AB - Monocularly evoked cortical potentials were recorded monopolarly (3 cm above Prot. occ. ext. sup.) to steady-state checkerboard stimuli (check sizes 1.4 to 26 min, rev. freq. 7/s, mean luminance 10.8 cd/m2, field diameter 4.5 deg., centr. fix.). For a number of visual acuities (obtained by inserting plus lenses up to 3.0 dpt) the smallest check size evoking reliable VECPs was related to the visual acuities obtained at a visual test chart. The use of 20 instead of 100 per cent contrast stimuli provided a significant decrease of slope of threshold check size versus visual acuity, resulting in a three-fold increase in the resolution of data. The method permits the evaluation of visual acuities between 0.1 and 1.0 in normals and patients within limits of +/- log 0.1 (1 sigma) and +/- log 0.2 visual acuity (2 sigma). PMID- 7300227 TI - [The ABC of full correction]. PMID- 7300228 TI - [Eye injuries caused by a defective high pressure hose in mines. An analyse in 50 cases (author's transl)]. AB - We analyse eye injuries in 50 miners who came to our Eye Hospital following an accident involving a defective high pressure hose. Depending on the nature of the accident we can distinguish 3 types, correlating with the severity of the injury. The majority of cases presented primarily as blunt bulbus traumata. Severe sequelae consisted of lens opacities and retinal damage. We discuss methods of prevention. PMID- 7300229 TI - [Surgical correction of esotropias with unstable angles (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on the surgical procedure for retroequatorial myopexis, with and without rearward relocation. Analysis of the surgical procedure for retroequatorial myopexis of the rectus lateralis and medialis with and without rearward relocation: 1) simple myopexis - anchoring the muscle on the sclera 14 mm from the insertion of the rectus medialis (19 mm in the case of the rectus lateralis); 2) combined procedure (myopexis and rearward relocation). Forty patients with esotropia and unstable angle, as well as clear signs of a blockage, underwent surgery. In 47% of the patients sensoric orthophoria was achieved, in 43% a significant reduction of the angle; in 5% treatment resulted in overcorrection and in 5% the angle was unchanged. PMID- 7300230 TI - [Comparative studies of the pressure-lowering effect of timolol and phospholine iodide (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study of the intraocular pressure-lowering effects of timolol and phospholine iodide in cases of aphakic glaucoma was carried out. The authors compared the I.O.P.-lowering effect of these two drugs in 30 eyes (30 patients) with aphakic glaucoma over an eight-month observation period. The following was established after a statistical analysis of the material: 1. The I.O.P.-lowering effect of timolol in aphakic glaucoma cases is almost identical with the effect of the drug in cases of chronic open-angle glaucoma. 2. The administration of phospholine iodide in such cases leads to a stable I.O.P. regulation and it seems that this therapy should be preferred to treatment with timolol. 3. Timolol therapy in cases of aphakic glaucoma should be considered an enrichment of the known treatment methods. 4. The administration of timolol requires constant follow-up and if this is not possible therapy with pilocarpine or phospholine iodide should be preferred. PMID- 7300231 TI - [The VK-vitrektom. A vitrectomy machine for the anterior segment surgeon (author's transl)]. AB - The VK-Vitrektom was specially devised to suit the needs of the anterior segment surgeon. Depsite its relatively low price this non-disposable instrument fulfills high demands upon durability and cutting performance. When stored under sterile conditions, it is usable any time within a few moments. PMID- 7300232 TI - Genes and nutrition in the regulation of human lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 7300233 TI - The obliteration of the postglomerular capillaries and its influence upon the function of both glomeruli and tubuli. Functional interpretation of morphologic findings. PMID- 7300235 TI - Recent aspects of the interaction of pregnancy and the kidney. PMID- 7300234 TI - [Influence of starvation and kinesitherapy on blood lipids and their fractions (author's transl)]. AB - In 24 obese patients triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were determined repeatedly during a period of starvation up to 21 days, combined with kinesitherapy. The average loss of body weight was after 10 days 6.4 kg and after 21 days 10.5 kg. While the triglycerides decreased only in the first week significantly, cholesterol decreased highly significant in 21 days from an average of 224 mg/dl to an average of 160 mg/dl. LDL-cholesterol was reduced from the 4th to the 21st day of starvation highly significant to an average of 100 mg/dl. On the other hand HDL-cholesterol decreased only in the first days and showed later a tendency to increase. Therefore the quotient LDL/HDL-cholesterol changed from 3.0 to 2.0. It is discussed that starvation diminishes the atherogenic fractions of cholesterol much more than the fractions which may have a protective effect against coronary heart disease. PMID- 7300236 TI - [Disturbances in coronary microcirculation (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical syndrome "coronary insufficiency at normal coronary arteriogram" is found in approximately 10-20 per cent of patients with exercise-induced coronary insufficiency. In most of these cases disturbances of coronary microcirculation are present. They can appear in vascular diseases (arterial hypertension, systemic immunopathies, immune complex vasculitis etc.), in rheological diseases (paraproteinemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, polyglobulia etc.) and in disturbances of transport and diffusion of oxygen (carbon monoxide intoxication, methemoglobinemia, hyperlipoproteinemia). The clinical diagnosis is based on usual diagnostic programs (electrocardiogram, exercise electrocardiogram, responsiveness to nitroglycerin etc.), as well as on a newer, functionally orientated diagnostic procedures (determinations of coronary blood flow and of coronary vascular reserve, production of lactate, serological findings, histology and immune histology of peripheral arteries, measurements of viscosities in both, plasma and blood etc.). Many clinically relevant disturbances in coronary microcirculation can thus be detected and therefore can be treated on a rational basis by the management of the internal main disease, this is by the treatment of the vascular, rheological and metabolic disorders. Persistent angina pectoris, in the presence of normal coronary arteriogram, represents no termination of coronary diagnostics, but moreover implies the clinical task for using newer diagnostic possibilities in order to enable functional and therapeutical assessment of coronary microcirculation. PMID- 7300237 TI - [The influence of different diets and smoking on the clinical chemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and carcinoid syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The interference of various foodstuffs on methods to determine epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), metanephrines (MN), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 6-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIA) in the 24 h urine for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and carcinoid syndrome, respectively, was investigated. The foodstuffs included were: tea, coffee, almonds, pineapples, cheese, walnuts, vanilla pudding, bananas, tomatoes, and chocolate. Further, the interference of cigarette smoking on the determination of E, NE, VMA, and MN was also investigated. Walnuts caused a rather high elevation of 5-HIA in the urine. After eating bananas elevated excretion of E, NE, VMA, MN, and 5-HIA was observed. Small increases of the MN values were noticed after coffee and pineapples. Smoking of 20-30 cigarettes/day had no influence on the variables measured. If the methods described are used, thus, only bananas and walnuts have to be restricted some days before and during urine sampling, but not coffee and pineapples if consumed in the usual small quantities. There is no reason to insist on diet restriction except for bananas and walnuts. PMID- 7300238 TI - Experimental clonorchiasis sinensis. I. Gross anatomy, liver function and serum protein. PMID- 7300239 TI - On the shape of the muscles of the tongue of Eumeces latiscutatus latiscutatus. PMID- 7300240 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations of the harderian gland in rat. PMID- 7300241 TI - Factor analysis of complaints of occupational cervicobrachial disorder in assembly lines of a cigarette factory. PMID- 7300242 TI - Primitive trigeminal artery and intracranial carotid occlusion--a case report. PMID- 7300243 TI - Reye syndrome: pathogenesis of encephalopathy in the initial stage not related to liver damage. PMID- 7300244 TI - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine. Intravascular alterations following intravenous infusion into the baboon. AB - The intravenous infusion of 1-O-hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3 phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) in baboons (28 micrograms per kg.) induced acute, but reversible, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia and the intravascular release of platelet factor 4 and thromboxane B2. Maximal depression of circulating platelets and neutrophils occurred within 30 seconds after AGEPC infusion and was accompanied by significant elevations in plasma platelet factor 4 and thromboxane B2 levels (p less than 0.02). Hematocrit values increased after AGEPC infusion, but this increase was delayed relative to the other intravascular alterations, i.e., maximal hematocrit values occurred at 10 to 20 minutes after AGEPC infusion.. The thrombocytopenia induced by AGEPC was reversed within 2 to 3 minutes; in contrast, circulating neutrophils did not return to preinfusion levels until 30 minutes after AGEPC infusion. Plasma platelet factor 4 and thromboxane B2 elevations gradually decreased and returned to preinfusion levels within 30 to 60 minutes. The deacetylated derivative of AGEPC, lyso-glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine, had no effect when similarly infused into baboons. These studies demonstrate that the intravenous administration of AGEPC into baboons initiated significant but reversible intravascular alterations; thus, this unusual acetylated alkyl phosphoglyceride may be an important mediator of inflammation in primates, including man. PMID- 7300245 TI - A flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. AB - We present the first comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of papillary carcinoma of the human thyroid. All but one of the 22 papillary carcinomas showed a unimodal distribution of the nuclear DNA content. The mean modal DNA was significantly lower in papillary carcinomas than in normal thyroid tissue, a finding which is contradictory to some earlier reports based on conventional cytophotometry. Tumors predominantly composed of Hurthle cells had a significantly higher mean modal DNA, whereas no significant difference was found between tumors with many ground glass nuclei and those lacking this nuclear feature. A very low percentage of S-phase cells was found both in the primary tumors and their metastases. This percentage was even lower than in normal thyroid tissue. The low proliferative activity may in part explain why most papillary thyroid carcinomas run such a surprisingly indolent course even after the establishment of regional lymph node metastases. PMID- 7300246 TI - Ultrastructural lesion in fetal hemopoietic cells following ethanol administration to pregnant mice. AB - Ethanol administration by gavage to pregnant CF1 mice induced myelin-like laminar figures in mitochondria and Golgi complexes of proerythroblasts and erythroblasts in hemopoietically active fetal livers. The laminar figures were observed to be extruded by exotrophy in rare instances. The fetal hemopoietic tissues of sucrose fed, sham, and untreated pregnant mice rarely displayed laminar figures in immature erythroid cells. PMID- 7300247 TI - Structural alterations within N-nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors after in vivo treatment with cis-hydroxyproline. AB - N-Nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary tumors in Buffalo rats were examined ultrastructurally and compared with tumors from rats treated in vivo for 9 days with cis-hydroxyproline (CHP). The tumors from untreated animals were heterogeneous histologically but often had their cells arranged in clusters called pseudolobules. At the periphery of the pseudolobules in control tumors, a few myoepithelial cells showed evidence of basal lamina secretion. Outlining the pseudolobules were many mast cells. Treatment with CHP inhibited the growth of the tumors. It increased the extent of atrophy and regression and also induced cyst-like areas to form within the pseudolobules. These "pseudocysts" were actually part of the stromal compartment and they sometimes contained multilayered basal lamina and mast cells. The extensive multilayering of the basal lamina observed after CHP-treatment was thought to arise from extensive infoldings as the pseudolobules "shrank" due to atrophy and loss of cells. The multilayering and cell debris disappeared from the pseudocysts, leaving many spaces bounded by myoepithelial cells. The remaining myoepithelial cells appeared atrophied, but often had an expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum. We did not observe evidence of basal lamina secretion by cells in treated tumors, which correlates with CHP's ability to block type IV collagen production. PMID- 7300248 TI - Mechanism of proximal tubule brush border loss and regeneration following mild renal ischemia. AB - Left kidneys of rats were made ischemic for 25 minutes and proximal tubule brush border alterations studied in the S1 and S2 segments. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that brush border microvilli became unstable, fused with one another, and were interiorized into proximal tubule cytoplasm soon after reflow of blood following ischemia. Rapid regeneration followed; scanning electron microscopy showed that regeneration occurred in a fashion whereby clusters of microvilli in flower-like configurations were extruded from the cell interior toward the surface. Such unique patterns of microvillus formation have not been reported before. Activity of the brush border enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and maltase, were not significantly depressed throughout the cycle of brush border loss and regeneration. Likewise, there were no alterations in the activity of beta-glucuronidase, a lysosomal enzyme. Alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry showed that microvillus membranes that were interiorized into the cell cytoplasm retained enzyme activity on their surfaces during the early period of brush border loss as well as during regeneration. These results strongly suggest that in reversibly injured proximal tubule cells regeneration of the brush border occurs primarily by a process of recycling of damaged, previously incorporated membrane. The nature of the initial membrane damage and the mechanism of recycling remain unknown. PMID- 7300249 TI - Determinants of glomerular mesangial localization of immune complexes. Role of endothelial fenestrae. PMID- 7300250 TI - Glomerular alterations in an ischemic model of acute renal failure. PMID- 7300251 TI - Glomerular mesangium. Analysis of the increased activity observed in experimental acute aminonucleoside nephrosis in the rat. AB - Kinetic studies have revealed increased mesangial macromolecular uptake in acute aminonucleoside of puromycin (PAN) nephrosis in the rat. The mechanisms leading to this increased activity, however, are poorly understood. Therefore, we studied mesangial function and ultrastructure in rats 8 days after intravenous injection of 6 mg. of PAN per 100 gm. of body weight. One hour after intravenous injection of 20 mg. of colloidal carbon per 100 gm., no differences in mesangial carbon could be detected between PAN rats and controls. After 24 hours, the amount of mesangial carbon was significantly higher in PAN rats; rates of disappearance did not differ. Ultrastructural examination revealed no differences in localization of mesangial carbon at the 1-hour interval. After 24 hours, mesangial cells of PAN rats showed an increased number of lysosomes filled with carbon; the number of carbon particles in the mesangial matrix was not increased. Using an ultrastructural immunoperoxidase technique, we found increased amounts of endogenous IgG in the extracellular space of segmental mesangial lobules of PAN rats. IgG was mainly present in matrix substance of electron-lucent aspect, and quantitative morphometric analysis revealed an increase in volume of this loose permeable matrix component (mesangial channels). No increased staining of IgG was found in the lacis area indicating that there was no increased mesangial egress of macromolecules in PAN nephrosis. The increased volume of the permeable mesangial channels in segmental mesangial lobules of PAN rats may lead to a pooling of tracer material with consequent increased phagocytosis by mesangial cells. PMID- 7300252 TI - Thymus in mice bearing the Steel mutation. Morphologic studies on fetal, neonatal, organ-cultured, and grafted fetal thymus. AB - Mice with the Steel mutation were studied to determine whether they showed a morphologic difference in the epithelial-reticular microenvironment of the thymus when compared with their normal and heterozygous littermate controls. Thymuses taken directly from fetal and newborn homozygous SlWehi/SlWehi mice, after culture, and after subcapsular renal grafting were compared by light and electron microscopy with similarly treated thymuses from heterozygous SlWehi/+ and normal homozygous (+/+) littermates. At all developmental stages studied, the homozygous mutants had smaller thymuses with fewer lymphoid cells than their homozygous normal and heterozygous littermates. The homozygous mutants also showed ultrastructural abnormalities in the thymic epithelial cells. After organ culture, homozygous fetal mutant thymuses produced fewer lymphocytes and showed abnormalities of epithelial cell ultrastructure when compared with littermate controls. When mutant and control fetal thymuses were grafted under opposite kidney capsules of normal syngenic recipients, the mutant thymuses developed poorly and showed decreased lymphopoiesis and abnormalities of epithelial cell structure. The data suggest that there is a primary epithelial microenvironmental defect in the thymus of mice with the Steel mutation. PMID- 7300254 TI - Attachment of proteoglycans to collagen fibrils. Effect on human platelet aggregation. AB - We attached bovine aorta and cartilage proteoglycan fractions to extracted human skin collagen and studied the effect of such treatment on the platelet aggregating activity of collagen. Attachment of bovine aorta and cartilage proteoglycan fractions to collagen was confirmed by electron microscopy and uronic acid analyses, Collagen attached with aorta proteoglycan retained its aggregating activity; collagen attached with cartilage proteoglycan caused a delayed platelet aggregation response. However, platelets preincubated with cartilage proteoglycan proceeded to normal aggregation when challenged by untreated collagen. Neither proteoglycan affected platelet aggregation induced by ADP. Preincubation of collagen with aorta proteoglycan did not protect the collagen from being inactivated by plasma. Of the proteoglycan fractions tested, only those from aorta were antithrombic and the antithrombic activity was plasma dependent. PMID- 7300253 TI - Antigenic changes as a determinant of immune complex localization in the rat glomerulus. PMID- 7300255 TI - Lung ultrastructure in noncardiogenic pulmonary edema induced by air embolization in dogs. PMID- 7300256 TI - Role of splenic red pulp in endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - As an extension of our studies on vascular responses to endotoxemia, we evaluated sequential ultrastructural lesions of splenic red pulp and correlated these lesions with coagulation changes observed in rhesus monkeys following infusion with endotoxin either as a single bolus (10 mg. per kg.) or at a continuous rate of 10 mg. per kg. per hour for periods up to 16 hours. Controls included monkeys infused with Ringer's lactate solution. Progressive reactions of the splenic cords included increased phagocytic activity of macrophages in association with aggregation and degranulation of platelets and prominent fibrinous deposits characteristically abutting basement membranes of endothelial and reticular cells. The sinuses demonstrated endothelial damage, platelet-fibrin microthrombi obstructing interendothelial slits, and severe engorgement with entrapment of erythrocytes by tactoids of fibrin. The thrombotic lesions of the red pulp developed earlier than similar lesions in hepatic sinusoids, and they were accompanied by progressive thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The findings suggest that the unique microcirculation of the spleen is an early target and trigger of endotoxin-induced microthrombosis. It is proposed that phagocytosis of endotoxin by splenic phagocytic cells and associated inflammatory events result in disruption of reticular cells and endothelium leading to massive microthrombosis with breakdown of the splenic filter. In addition, rapid activation of coagulation mechanisms in the red pulp as well as liver sinusoids may promote the development of thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation in endotoxic shock. PMID- 7300257 TI - The toxicity of Phaseolus vulgaris lectins. Nitrogen balance and immunochemical studies. PMID- 7300258 TI - Effect of diet on protein degrading activity in the sheep rumen. PMID- 7300259 TI - Identification of the component responsible for the effects of added dietary copper sulphate in the female domestic fowl. PMID- 7300261 TI - The determination of acid-soluble nucleotides in milk by improved enzymic methods: a comparison with the ion-exchange column chromatography procedure. PMID- 7300262 TI - Vocal tract control in Parkinson's disease: phonetic feature analysis of misarticulations. AB - Consonant articulation patterns of 200 Parkinson patients were defined by two expert listeners from high fidelity tape recordings of the sentence version of the Fisher-Logemann Test of Articulation Competence (1971). Phonetic transcription and phonetic feature analysis were the methodologies used. Of the 200 patients, 90 (45%) exhibited some misarticulations. Phonetic data on these 90 dysarthric Parkinson patients revealed articulatory errors highly consistent in detailed production characteristics. Manner changes predominated. Phoneme classes that were most affected were the stop-plosives, affricates, and fricatives. In terms of perception features (Chomsky & Halle, 1968), the stop-plosives and affricates, which are normally [-continuant] were produced as [+continuant] fricatives; fricatives that are [+strident] were produced as [-strident]. There is no implication, however, that Parkinsonism involves a perception deficit. Analysis of the articulatory deficit reveals inadequate tongue elevation to achieve complete closure on stop-plosives and affricates, which can be expressed in production features as a change from [+stop] to [+fricative]. There was also inadequate close constriction of the airway in lingual fricatives, which in articulatory features can be expressed as a change from [+fricative] to [ fricative]. Both the incomplete contact for stops and the partial constriction for fricatives represent an inadequate narrowing of the vocal tract at the point of articulation. These results are discussed in relation to recent EMG studies and other physiologic examinations of Parkinsonian dysarthria. PMID- 7300260 TI - Biological availability of iron found in fish-meals. PMID- 7300263 TI - Language training: some data on response classes and generalization to an occupational setting. AB - The study was designed to investigate whether present plural uncontractible forms of auxiliary and copula (are) are members of a single response class. A mentally retarded adult female served as the subject. Within a behavior training, reversal, and reinstatement design, only the uncontractible auxiliary are was trained, reversed, and reinstated using operant training contingencies. On probes, however, sentences involving auxiliary as well as those involving copula were tested. It was found that training the uncontractible auxiliary are was sufficient to induce generalized production of the uncontractible copular are. Subsequently, when the auxiliary production was reversed, the copular production was also reversed. Finally, when the auxiliary production was reinstated, the copular production was automatically reinstated. The results suggest that auxiliary and copula are, although distinct grammatically and developmentally, belong to a single response class. The study also revealed that with the help of operant training and generalization strategies, the subject was able to use the trained features in conversational speech exhibited in her occupational setting. PMID- 7300265 TI - Facilitating the comprehension of tense related sentences in aphasia. AB - Aphasic individuals have a tendency to decode past tense and future tense sentences as if the sentences were in the present tense. This study assessed the influence of additional surface structure markers of past or future tense this comprehension process. The results indicated that additional markers significantly facilitate the comprehension of tense related sentences by aphasic subjects. Implications for sentence decoding strategies and clinical management are discussed. PMID- 7300264 TI - The cry characteristics of an infant who died of the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Fourteen cries of a four day old infant who subsequently died suddenly of unexplained causes were analyzed on nine acoustic characteristics including fo, duration, formant frequencies and sound pressure level. In comparison to a group of newborn controls, the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) victim's cries exhibited a lower fo, longer duration, lower formant frequencies and greater sound pressure level throughout the spectrum. Cry duration and sound pressure levels, however, deviated in excess on one standard deviation from the mean of the other newborns. Similar findings resulted when the SIDS infant was compared to a group of full term infants who were siblings of SIDS victims, although the magnitude of the differences was slightly less especially with respect to sound pressure level. Measurement of selected acoustic variables in a newborn's cry may be of value in our understanding of SIDS and for identifying infants at risk. PMID- 7300266 TI - Perception of iconicity in American sign language by hearing and deaf subjects. AB - Three groups of subjects differing in age, language experience, and familiarity with American Sign Language were compared on three tasks regarding the perception of iconicity in signs from American Sign Language. Subjects were asked to guess the meaning of signs, to rate signs for iconicity, and to state connections between signs and their meaning in English. Results showed that hearing college students, deaf adults, and hearing first-grade children perform similarly on tasks regarding iconicity. Results suggest a psycholinguistic definition of iconicity based on association values, rather than physical resemblances between signs and real-world referents. PMID- 7300268 TI - Aural acoustic-immittance measurements: inter-aural differences. AB - Bilateral measurements of the aural acoustic-immittance characteristics of the middle-ear transmission system of 48 subjects were made with an acoustic admittance meter. The measurements, including static acoustic-immittance, acoustic-reflex thresholds, and acoustic-reflex growth functions, were made using a 220-Hz probe. The contralateral reflex data for three pure tones (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) and for broadband noise were acquired in 2-dB steps at sound pressure levels from 84-116 dB (tones) and 66-116 dB (noise) during ascending- and descending-intensity level runs. For all acoustic-immittance measurements, right ear and left ear comparisons were made and found not to be significantly different. The individual subject data then were expressed as the absolute differences between ears. In this manner normative inter-aural immittance differences were defined. The peak static immittance data were analyzed in terms of median inter-aural differences and upper 80% cut-off values. The 80% ranges for normal immittance values were smaller for a within subject versus an across subject comparison. For acoustic-reflex thresholds, a disparity between ears of greater than 10 dB was suggested as indicative of an abnormality in the auditory mechanism. Finally, the reflex-growth data indicated mean inter-aural absolute differences that ranged to .040-.043 acoustic mmhos (300-400 acoustic ohms) at the higher reflex activator sound-pressure levels. PMID- 7300267 TI - Ataxic dysarthria: treatment sequences based on intelligibility and prosodic considerations. AB - Treatment programs of four improving ataxic dysarthric speakers are reviewed. Treatment sequences were based on two overall measures of speech performance intelligibility and prosody. Increases in intelligibility were initially achieved by control of speaking rate. A hierarchy of rate control strategies, ranging from a rigid imposition of rate through thythmic cueing to self-monitored rate control is discussed. As speakers improved their monitoring skills, a compromise was made between intelligibility and rate. Normal prosodic patterns were not achieved by the ataxic speakers due to difficulty in precisely coordinating the subtle fundamental frequency, loudness and timing adjustments needed to signal stress. Three of the four subjects were taught to use only durational adjustments to signal stress. In this way, they were able to achieve stress on targeted words consistently and minimize bizarreness which resulted from sweeping changes in fundamental frequency and bursts of loudness. The need for further clinically oriented research is discussed. PMID- 7300269 TI - Clinical investigations of intermittent breathy dysphonia. AB - Case history and voice data for 17 patients who presented with intermittent moments of breathy dysphonia (IBD) in contextual speech were analyzed. From recorded samples of vowel prolongation four variants of phonation were identified. Of 13 patients examined neurologically, 10 (77%) had positive neurologic signs. Psychiatric and physical illnesses were often associated with onset of the voice disorder. Sex ratio of the patients in this study was nearly the same as that for adductor spastic dysphonia. Age at onset was similar to that which has been described for "functional" voice disorders. Different therapies were generally ineffective in alleviating the disorder. Although not conclusive, patients presenting with IBD in connected speech may have an underlying neurologic or psychologic disorders. PMID- 7300270 TI - Determining the pure tone frequencies to be used in identification audiometry. AB - Guidelines published by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (1975) recommended procedures for identification audiometry that were different from procedures used in Michigan. The difference involved the test frequency used in conjunction with 1000 and 2000 Hz. This study was undertaken to determine the relative value of 3000, 4000 and 6000 Hz at 20, 25 and 40 dB HL respectively, when used in conjunction with 1000 and 2000 Hz at 20 dB HL to identify children at risk of hearing loss. A total of 10,622 children was screened using these five frequencies with each ear, yielding 857 children who failed to respond to at least one frequency in either ear. Air conduction thresholds were completed on 809 of these children. Of this group, 466 (57.6%) showed a hearing loss of one or more frequencies for one or both ears. Only 8.3% to 23.9% of the variance in threshold results was related to specific frequency performance on screening, Using 4000 Hz was shown to be preferable to using 6000 Hz. The information provided by the 3000 Hz tone as a screening frequency was not useful in predicting hearing loss in this population. An increase in the percentage of children identified at risk of hearing loss has occurred since Michigan adopted the published guidelines for initial screening in July 1977. Similar increases, however, have been observed in past years. PMID- 7300271 TI - The middle ground in evaluating language programs. PMID- 7300272 TI - Response to Bountress and Richards. PMID- 7300273 TI - Disambiguation of ditropic sentences: acoustic and phonetic cues. AB - In a previous study, we demonstrated that listeners were highly successful in identifying the intended meaning of spoken ditropic sentences (those which may carry either a literal or an idiomatic meaning) when speakers were instructed to convey the distinction. The present communication reports on acoustic and phonetic analyses carried out with the goal of identifying cues that distinguished the literal and idiomatic utterances. Certain prosodic differences were observed. Literal utterances were systematically longer than idioms. This was partly due to increased use of pauses, as well as to increased duration of major lexical items. Moreover, literal sentences were typically characterized by greater numbers of pitch contours (discernible rise-fall excursions of fundamental frequency) and open junctures than were idiomatic utterances. In addition to suprasegmental contrasts, articulatory distinctions--corresponding to lento-allegro phonological rules--were also observed. These distinctions directly reflect the structural differences intrinsic to the two types of utterances. A literal sentence is formulated by the organization of constituent words and phrases. Idioms, on the other hand, are holistic units, largely nontransparent to syntactic structure or the usual meaning of the lexical members. PMID- 7300274 TI - Detection of tones in band-reject noise. AB - Three experiments were conducted to investigate the detectability of tonal signals simultaneously presented with computer-generated, long duration (.5 sec), band-reject maskers. In Experiment 1, detectability of a tone of 500, 1000, or 2000 Hz presented at 50 dB SPL was measured as a function of the width of a spectral "notch" symmetrically placed around the tone. A narrow notch resulted in decreased detectability relative to the wide band (zero-notch width) control condition. Further increases in notch width resulted in increased detectability until subjects approached errorless performance. In Experiment 2, psychometric functions were obtained for a 1000-Hz tone presented in four notch-noise conditions. The slopes of the psychometric functions were consistently steeper in the band-reject conditions relative to the zero notch-width condition. These slope differences result in relationships between threshold and notch width that depend upon the region of the psychometric function from which the threshold estimates are obtained. In Experiment 3, the decrease in performance associated with the notch was found to increase in proportion to notch depth. The data suggest that spectral edges placed in the immediate vicinity of a tone reduce the detectability of the tonal signal. This "edge effect" is discussed in relation to two-tone inhibition that has been observed in the auditory nerve. PMID- 7300275 TI - The contingent negative variation as an indicator of speech discrimination difficulty. AB - Recent studies have illustrated the usefulness of the contingent negative variation (CNV) in exploring language processing capabilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate how CNV magnitude is influenced by speech discrimination tasks of graded difficulty. Nine young adult subjects performed easy and difficult speech discrimination tasks while cortical activity was recorded from the vertex. Stimuli consisted of consonant-vowel pairs that were presented in a background of noise. Consistently larger CNV responses were obtained for the difficult versus the easy discrimination task in the nonimperative condition. No consistent trend was found for the imperative condition. There electrophysiological results correspond well with both correct and incorrect discrimination behavior. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7300276 TI - A reexamination of some nonverbal perceptual abilities of language-impaired and normal children as a function of age and sensory modality. AB - A battery of nonverbal perceptual and memory tests were given to 35 language impaired (LI) and 38 control subjects. Three modalities of tests were given: auditory, visual, and cross-modal (auditory and visual). The purpose was to reexamine some nonverbal perceptual and memory abilities of LI children as a function of age and modality of stimulation. Results failed to replicate previous findings of a temporal processing deficit that is specific to the auditory modality in LI children. The LI group made significantly more errors than did controls regardless of modality of stimulation when 2-item sequences were presented rapidly, or when more than two stimuli were presented in series. However, further analyses resolved this apparent conflict between the present and earlier studies by demonstrating that age is an important variable underlying modality specificity of perceptual performance in LI children. Whereas younger LI children were equally impaired when responding to stimuli presented rapidly to the auditory and visual modality, older LI subjects made nearly twice as many errors responding to rapidly presented auditory rather than visual stimuli. This developmental difference did not occur for the control group. PMID- 7300277 TI - Word-retrieval difficulty and disfluent speech in adult anomic speakers. AB - The relationships existing between measures of disfluency and measures of word retrieval ability in adult anomic aphasic and adult non-brain-damaged subjects were investigated. Subjects produced single-word naming responses for pictured stimuli consisting of objects, colors, and actions. The obtained number of correct naming responses and word-retrieval latency measurements were related to the number and types of disfluencies present in the subjects' connected speech samples. The major findings of the investigation include the following: (a) the anomic subject group presented significantly more disfluencies than did the nonaphasic group; (b) the number of disfluencies increased as word-retrieval difficulty increased for the anomic subjects; (c) when word-retrieval difficulty was measured by the number of correct responses those anomic subjects who tended to be most disfluent and to have the greatest word-retrieval difficulty also tended to have the highest proportions of those disfluencies most likely to be considered "stutterings" (part-word repetitions, vocal segregate repetitions, and prolongations) and the lowest proportions of hesitations; and (d) the proportion of stutterings increased as the total number of disfluencies increased for anomic and for nonaphasic subjects. Implications of results for testing of aphasic patients are discussed. PMID- 7300278 TI - Pairwise listener preferences in hearing aid evaluation. AB - The relationships among pairwise judgments of the quality of connected discourse, pairwise judgments of the relative intelligibility of discourse, and measured intelligibility on a nonsense-syllable test were evaluated under identical conditions of primary talker and competitive babble. Stimuli were processed by eight hearing aids and presented in a repeated-measures design to 12 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. Results revealed moderately high test-retest reliability for all three experimental conditions. Overall, a noteworthy positive relationship was evident between relative intelligibility judgments and measured phonemic identification, although this relationship varied considerably among individual listeners. The correspondence between quality judgments and relative intelligibility judgments was substantially lower, while the relationship between judgments of quality and phonemic identification scores was negligible. Findings demonstrate the potential importance of instructional set in producing valid judgments of the relative intelligibility of aided speech. The determination of measurement error inherent in pairwise preference data is discussed from the viewpoint of a probabilistic model encompassing a binomial distribution. It is concluded that experimental optimization of the agreement between relative intelligibility judgments and measured intelligibility performance of individual listeners will be required before the pairwise comparison technique can be considered a viable alternative to traditional hearing aid evaluation procedures. PMID- 7300279 TI - Effect of noise and reverberation on binaural and monaural word identification by subjects with various audiograms. AB - The Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) (Bell, Kreul, + Nixon, 1972; Kreul, Nixon, Kryter, Bell, Land, + Schubert, 1968) was used to test the word-identification ability of subjects with bilateral sensorineural hearing losses. The subjects were tested in a room with reverberation times, T, of .1 and .5 sec while listening monaurally, binaurally, aided, and unaided at various speech-to-noise ratios, S/N. A babble of 20 voices was used as a masker. Significant individual differences were found in a group of 15 subjects with various audiograms. The differences were not significant when a group was reduced to seven subjects with similar audiograms. The advantage of the binaural over monaural listening was significant and did not depend on reverberation or the use of hearing aids. Both the effects of S/N and T were significant. The effects on word-identification scores caused by a decrease in S/N from "quite" to +5 dB and by an increase in T from .1 sec to .5 sec were moderately correlated for individuals. There were individual differences in susceptibility to noise and reverberation, with subjects having asymmetrical audiograms being most susceptible. The analysis of consonant errors in noise or reverberation revealed no significant difference for the MRT. A significant difference emerged between consonant errors in the initial and final positions of the test words in both noise and reverberation. PMID- 7300280 TI - Parents' and peers' communication to toddlers. AB - The speech which parents and peers direct to toddlers was examined for differences as a function of sex of parent, parent/peer status, sex of child, and age of child. Mothers, fathers, and peers of 18 parent dyads were individually audio- and videotaped in a natural play setting with their children (nine boys and nine girls) when the children were 2 years (parents only) and 2 1/2 years (both parents and peers). Ten language measures were coded from the transcribed speech samples: mean length of utterance, type-token ratio, number of utterances, number of turns, rate of questioning, rate of answering, rate of directives, rate of attentionals, rate of polite directives, and rate of repetitions. Analyses of variance on these dependent measures produced significant main effects for parents/peer status for number of utterances, number of turns, mean length of utterance, questions, answers, and polite directives; however, no main effects for sex of child, age of child, and sex of parent were produced. PMID- 7300281 TI - Productive strategies for the pronunciation of early polysyllabic lexical items. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to identify productive strategies for the pronunciation of early polysyllabic words. Replicas (children's modifications) of adult models were classified as either syllable-maintaining or syllable-reducing based on the types and frequencies of phonological processes applied in attempts to achieve simplification. Four children aged 20--24 months were tape-recorded as they were informally engaged in activities that involved naming toys and pictures represented by polysyllabic words. Different productive strategies were observed with different children. The classification of modification types as syllable maintaining or syllable-reducing provided a useful framework in which to describe regularities in one child and among children for producing complex phonological sequences. Children varied from one another with respect to (a) the consistency in productions across lexical items (interword production), (b) the consistency in productions (tokens) of a single word (intraword), and (c) the preferences for the application of selected phonological processes. Findings are discussed in terms of conditions which may be related to regularity and variation in early attempts at the pronunciation of polysyllabic lexical items. PMID- 7300282 TI - The effects of aging on the magnitude of the acoustic reflex. AB - Aural acoustic-immittance (admittance and impedance) measurements during the quiescent and reflexive states were made using a computer sampling technique on 18 subjects with normal hearing in each of two age groups (less than 30 years and greater than 50 years). Seven pure-tones (250-6000 Hz) and broadband-noise stimuli served to elicit the acoustic reflex at sound-pressure levels from 84-116 dB (tones) and 66-116 dB (noise) in 2-dB steps during ascending and descending runs. The contralateral middle-ear activity was monitored with a 220-Hz probe by digitizing the conductance and susceptance outputs of an acoustic-admittance meter. The computer corrected for the immittance characteristics of the ear-canal volume by utilizing measurements made at an ear-canal pressure of -350 daPa and then by converting the conductance and susceptance values into admittance and impedance units. The results are reported as the immittance change between the quiescent and reflexive states as a function of both the activator sound-pressure level and the activator-pressure level above the reflex threshold. There were no significant differences between the static-immittance values for the two groups. Although acoustic-reflex thresholds for the two groups were the same in the low- to mid-frequency region (250-2000 Hz), the reflex thresholds for the greater than 50-years group were elevated significantly (approximately 8 dB) for 4000 Hz, 6000 Hz, and noise activators. In all conditions, the magnitude of the acoustic reflex was substantially smaller for the greater than 50-years group as compared with the less than 30-years group. The variability of the reflex magnitude was large for both groups of subjects. Saturation of the individual growth functions, which was frequency dependent, occurred twice as often with the greater than 50-years group as with the less than 30-years group. The relationship between the magnitude changes in conductance and susceptance from the quiescent to the reflexive state was the same for the two groups. Finally, the magnitude differences among the reflex-growth data were not related to differences in static immittance. PMID- 7300283 TI - Comprehension and production of basic semantic concepts by older hearing-impaired children. AB - Comprehension of semantic concepts considered basic to academic performance in the early grades was evaluated with the Boehm Test of Basic Concepts (BTBC) for 15 orally trained, severely and profoundly hearing-imparied children, ages 13--14 years. The children also were required to construct written sentences using these same concepts. Teachers of the hearing-impaired children completed a questionnaire of their expectation levels of the vocabulary competence, comprehension, and production for each child on the 50 items of the BTBC. Classroom texts used by the children were examined for the presence of these specific concepts. The measure of comprehension showed that four-fifths of the children scored lower than the 10th percentile for second-grade hearing children, and two-thirds scored at or below the 1st percentile. Evaluating production, 68% of the sentences produced by the children contained semantic, syntactic, or semantic-syntactic errors. The individual's level of vocabulary comprehension was higher than each child's level of production. Classroom teachers were able to predict accurately each child's comprehension and production scores. Finally, the survey of the classroom textbooks used by the children revealed that approximately 80% of the BTBC test items appeared within the texts. Implications are discussed. PMID- 7300284 TI - Central auditory nervous system dysfunction in echolalic autistic individuals. AB - Accumulating evidence indicates either a primary or secondary cortical dysfunction in the language-dominant hemisphere of autistic children. In this study, the central auditory function of six autistic subjects was assessed experimentally using a battery of tests which included the Staggered Spondaic Word Test, the Competing Environmental Sound Test, and monaural hearing tests, as well as supplementary measures of language and handedness. The autistic subjects ranged from 8 to 24 years in age and displayed a wide range of language abilities and severity of echolalia. The results showed that all the subjects had normal hearing on the monaural speech tests; however, there was indication of central auditory nervous system dysfunction in the language dominant hemisphere, inferred from the dichotic tests, for those subjects displaying echolalia. Essentially normal dichotic test results were obtained for those subjects who were previously diagnosed as autistic but were not longer echolalic. One subject who received a year of intensive language treatment was assessed periodically throughout the year to chart changes in performance on the test of central auditory function for dichotic stimuli. This subject showed changes in the dichotic test of central auditory function which were consistent with the language improvement shown during the year. For each subject, the locus of central auditory dysfunction indicated by the assessment measures was consistent with the characterized language deficits. The results are discussed from a neurolinguistic framework in an effort to delineate a neurogenic etiology of autistic language deficits. PMID- 7300285 TI - Stimulus dominance in dichotic listening. AB - Twenty-four listeners received 20 dichotic-listening runs of natural stop-vowel syllables. Listeners marked two responses for each of 30 pairs of syllables per run, which yielded 480 pairs of responses for each of the 30 pairs of syllables. The principal analysis focused on "stimulus dominance" wherein a significantly higher score occurs for one of the competing syllables in a pair regardless of the ear to which that syllable is presented. With 30 pairs of syllables, there were 15 possible instances of stimulus dominance; 11 were observed. The voicing feature was contrasted for 9 of the 15 pairs. Seven of those pairs resulted in significantly higher scores (dominance) for the voiceless stop than for the voiced, one resulted in a higher score for the voiced member of the pair, and for one pair the scores for the two members were essentially the same. Stimulus dominance cannot, however, be characterized sufficiently as a dominance of voiceless over voiced stops; three of the six pairs in which voicing was shared also produced significant stimulus dominance. Stimulus dominance for a given pair of syllables may interact with, and in some cases override, the ear advantage. Of the 30 pairs of syllables, 11 produced a significant right ear advantage (REA), 9 produced a significant left ear advantage (LEA), and for 10 pairs the ear advantage was not significantly different from zero. For a specific pair of syllables, the direction of ear with, and in some cases override, the ear advantage. Of the 30 pairs of syllables, 11 produced a significant right ear advantage (REA), 9 produced a significant left ear advantage (LEA), and for 10 pairs the ear advantage was not significantly different from zero. For a specific pair of syllables, the direction of ear with, and in some cases override, the ear advantage. Of the 30 pairs of syllables, 11 produced a significant right ear advantage (REA), 9 produced a significant left ear advantage (LEA), and for 10 pairs the ear advantage was not significantly different from zero. For a specific pair of syllables, the direction of ear advantage usually corresponded to the ear that received the dominant syllable. PMID- 7300286 TI - Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics of nonsmoking female adults. AB - There were 111 female adult subjects 20--82 years of age who were nonsmokers. Measures of fundamental frequency and standard deviation were obtained. The higher speaking fundamental frequencies in this study relative to previous studies using female adults were attributed to control of the smoking variable. Results indicated relative stability of speaking fundamental frequency from postadolescence through early adulthood. A decrease in speaking fundamental frequency in the 50--59 age group, which was maintained in the two older age groups, was attributed to changes in the vocal fold mass with completion of the menopause. An increase in intrasubject variability of fundamental frequency in postmenopausal adults was interpreted as indicating decreased laryngeal control over fundamental frequency. PMID- 7300287 TI - Construct validity of direct magnitude estimation and interval scaling of speech intelligibility: evidence from a study of the hearing impaired. AB - The appropriateness of direct magnitude estimation and interval scaling procedures for assessing the speech intelligibility of hearing-impaired adults was investigated by determining whether the continuum of the talkers' intelligibility was prothetic or metathetic. The intelligibility of 20 hearing impaired talkers was scaled by 20 listeners using direct magnitude estimation and by 20 listeners using interval scaling. The two sets of scaling data were related in the curvilinear fashion that is typical of prothetic continua, indicating better construct validity for direct magnitude estimation than for interval scaling of speech intelligibility. PMID- 7300288 TI - Loudness balance calibration of bone conduction vibrators. AB - An improved monaural loudness balance method of transferring calibration data among three physically dissimilar bone conduction vibrators was compared with the threshold method. In 19 of 21 possible comparisons, absolute differences between the transfer factors obtained with the two methods were 2.5 dB or less, showing that the monaural loudness balance procedure compares favorably with the threshold method. PMID- 7300289 TI - Analysis of the sibship patterns of stutterers. AB - Analyses of birth rank, age separation, and the frequency of stutterers in birth ranks before and after the proband were undertaken for the purpose of verifying or disproving conjectures made by other authors on possible relationships between family structures and stuttering. Results based on data drawn from over 300 sibships, showed (a) stutterers were randomly distributed among the birth ranks, (b) the age separation of the siblings was independent of stuttering status, and (c) the frequency of stutterers in birth ranks before the proband and the frequency of stutterers in birth ranks after the proband were not significantly different. PMID- 7300290 TI - Immediate and delayed story recall by hearing and deaf children. AB - Comprehension and retention of stories read by hearing children and by orally trained, congenitally, profoundly deaf children were studied. One normal and two experimentally confused stories were read by both groups, and recall was tested immediately after reading and following a week's delay. One experimentally confused story contained nonphonetic misspellings and was expected to cause difficulty for hearing readers; the other contained confused anaphoric references and was expected to cause difficulty for deaf readers. Amount recalled did not differ between the hearing and deaf groups on the normal story, but the deaf children were superior in amount recalled for both confused stories. However, the deaf children made significantly more distortions in their recall than did the hearing children. Orally trained deaf children may transfer the broad reconstructive strategies used for lip-reading purposes to reading style and thus engage in more guessing and reconstructive activity during reading than do hearing readers. PMID- 7300291 TI - Another perspective on Silverman's "Dimensions of improvement in stuttering". PMID- 7300292 TI - Serum concentrations of myoglobin, creatine phosphokinase and lactic dehydrogenase after exercise in trained and untrained athletes. PMID- 7300293 TI - The effect of vitamin B6 on muscle fatigue. PMID- 7300294 TI - The veteran athlete. An exercise testing electrocardiographic, thorax x-ray and echocardiographic study. PMID- 7300295 TI - Some observations on strength training and assessment. PMID- 7300296 TI - A comparison of two commonly used stress testing protocols in patients with documented coronary artery disease. PMID- 7300297 TI - Maximal expiratory flow-volume relationships before and after eight weeks of endurance training. PMID- 7300298 TI - A scientific explanation for Eric Heiden's unique Olympic performance. PMID- 7300299 TI - A physiological profile of the Canadian judo team. PMID- 7300300 TI - The effects of competitive road-racing on the body composition, pulmonary function, and cardiovascular system of sport cyclists. PMID- 7300301 TI - Continuous treadmill walking versus intermittent treadmill running as maximal exercise tests for young competitive swimmers. PMID- 7300302 TI - Physiological alterations in young swimmers during three years of intensive training. PMID- 7300303 TI - Somatotype and injuries in adult student rugby footfall. PMID- 7300304 TI - Physical activity as a therapy for psychopathology: a reappraisal. PMID- 7300305 TI - Sleep deprivation and physical fitness in young and older subjects. PMID- 7300306 TI - Effect of training on blood pressure and heart rate measured continuously during exercise. PMID- 7300307 TI - Intraoperative normovolemic hemodilution. PMID- 7300308 TI - Regional myocardial blood flow and coronary vasodilator reserve during acute right ventricular failure due to pressure overload in swine. PMID- 7300309 TI - Femoral pulsatility index in the evaluation of aortoiliac occlusive disease. PMID- 7300310 TI - Response of the canine lower esophageal sphincter to endogenous hypergastrinemia. PMID- 7300311 TI - Skin healing and fibrin stabilizing factor blood levels in the rabbit fetus. PMID- 7300312 TI - Collagen and glycosaminoglycans in capsules around silicone implants. PMID- 7300313 TI - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck surgery. PMID- 7300314 TI - Medical care in the '80s. Quality assurance. PMID- 7300315 TI - The nutritive quality of processed foods: general policies for nutrient additions. PMID- 7300316 TI - Carcinogen regulation. PMID- 7300317 TI - Spinal cord compression: comparison of extradural and intramedullary metastases. PMID- 7300318 TI - Care of insensitive feet. PMID- 7300319 TI - Radiology case of the month: aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7300320 TI - EKG of the month: left bundle branch block. PMID- 7300321 TI - Luminescent immunoassay (LIA) of cortisol--1. Synthesis and evaluation of two chemiluminescent labels of cortisol. PMID- 7300322 TI - Characterization and quantification of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-extracted nuclear progesterone receptor. PMID- 7300324 TI - The pharmacokinetics of oestrone sulphate in the rat. PMID- 7300323 TI - The influence of 21-acylation of corticosterone on its binding affinity for corticosteroid-binding globulin. PMID- 7300326 TI - Radioimmunoassay for progesterone in human saliva during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7300325 TI - 11 alpha-Hydroxylation of progesterone by cell free preparation of Aspergillus ochraceus TS. PMID- 7300327 TI - Androgenic control of glycolysis, the pentose cycle and pyruvate dehydrogenase in the rat ventral prostate. PMID- 7300328 TI - Time-trend analysis of plasma 11-desoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, and aldosterone in fetal and maternal sheep during the last 18 days of gestation. PMID- 7300329 TI - The effects of sequential hormone treatment on ovalbumin synthesis in chick oviduct: a possible example of translation regulation. PMID- 7300330 TI - Inhibition of estrogen-induced proliferation of cultured rabbit uterine epithelial cells by a cell density-dependent factor produced by the same cells. PMID- 7300331 TI - Biochemical analyses of separated epithelium and stroma from endometria of premenopausal and postmenopausal women receiving estrogen and progestins. PMID- 7300332 TI - The relationship between plasma 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone levels and production of hypertension in the rat. PMID- 7300333 TI - The uneven distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human endometrium. PMID- 7300334 TI - Androgen receptors from rat kidney and brain; DNA-binding properties of wild-type and tfm mutant. PMID- 7300335 TI - Glucocorticoid binding to rat liver microsomal fractions in vitro. PMID- 7300336 TI - Production of a new antiserum to arthropod molting hormone and comparison with two other antisera. PMID- 7300337 TI - Reexamination of the interaction of cobaltous ions with the ketol side chain of corticosteroids. PMID- 7300338 TI - Group separation of steroid conjugates by DEAE-Sephadex anion exchange chromatography. PMID- 7300339 TI - Metabolism of progesterone by phosphate buffer extracts of rabbit liver microsomes. PMID- 7300340 TI - Optimization of a direct radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone. PMID- 7300341 TI - Identification of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,6 alpha,20 alpha-triol in urine of normal newborn infant. PMID- 7300342 TI - Binding of human high density lipoproteins to membranes of luteinized rat ovaries. PMID- 7300343 TI - Metabolism of the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione by male rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7300345 TI - Detection and quantitation of stanozolol (Stromba) in urine by isotope dilution mass fragmentography. PMID- 7300344 TI - Purification of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor by affinity chromatography: design of a suitable adsorbent. PMID- 7300347 TI - Changes in plasma concentrations of oestrogens and progesterone in women during anaesthesia and gynaecological operations. PMID- 7300346 TI - Plasma concentration gradient of steroid hormones across human mammary tumours in vivo. PMID- 7300348 TI - Cortisol uptake, release and conversion into cortisone by the heart muscle in dogs. PMID- 7300350 TI - Antiandrogen effects on androgen-responsive mammary tumour cells in culture. PMID- 7300349 TI - The measurement of cytosolic estrogen receptors in human endometrial tissue and organ cultures. PMID- 7300351 TI - Effects of the aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione and the anti oestrogen tamoxifen on rat testicular function. PMID- 7300352 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in isolated mouse thymocytes. PMID- 7300353 TI - Uptake of androgens by intact and detergent-treated nuclei from the rat ventral prostate. PMID- 7300354 TI - Etiocholanolone receptor in rat liver and Novikoff rat hepatoma cell culture. PMID- 7300355 TI - Serum levels of dihydrotestosterone in male rhesus monkeys estimated by a non chromatographic radioimmunoassay method. PMID- 7300356 TI - NADPH: 4-ene-3-oxosteroid-5 alpha-reductase and NADH: 4-ene-3-oxosteroid-5 alpha reductase in liver microsomes of different species of animals. PMID- 7300358 TI - Progesterone biotransformation by the pituitary and hypothalamus of rabbit. PMID- 7300359 TI - The measurement of urinary estriol-16 alpha-glucuronide by a solid-phase chemiluminescence immunoassay. PMID- 7300357 TI - Sterol metabolism--XLVII. Oxidized cholesterol esters in human tissues. PMID- 7300360 TI - Diffuse peritoneal liposarcoma--report of one case. PMID- 7300361 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: a review of 12 cases. PMID- 7300362 TI - An unusual presentation of malignant mesothelioma: the incidental finding of tumor in the hernia sac during herniorrhaphy. PMID- 7300363 TI - Combination chemoimmunotherapy with FAC-BCG for metastatic breast cancer: the impact of CMF maintenance chemotherapy. AB - In an attempt to prolong the durations of remission and survival of patients with advanced breast cancer treated with the FAC-BCG protocol, we modified the CMF maintenance combination by increasing the dose of all three drugs and administering them intravenously. Eighty-five evaluable patients treated with this new regimen were compared with a recent historical control group of 105 evaluable patients treated with FAC-BCG and a lower-dose, oral CMF maintenance program. The overall (70% and 76%) and complete (16% and 19%) response rates were identical in these two groups. The median times to progression for all patients entered were similar too (13 months for both groups.). The durations of response were 17 months (PO-CMF) and 14 months (IV-CMF), not significantly different (P = .16). The durations of survival of the two treated groups were also very similar. After the administration of intensive FAC induction therapy, a high-dose, intravenous CMF maintenance program appears no better than a low-dose oral regimen. Other drug combinations consisting entirely of drugs not used in the induction regimen might be better choices for maintenance treatment PMID- 7300364 TI - Transfemoral hepatic artery infusion for metastatic carcinoma. PMID- 7300365 TI - Effectiveness of a community program to promote early breast cancer detection. AB - There are no known means of preventing breast cancer, and efforts to control the disease must be directed toward early detection and improved treatment. To assist in achieving this, we developed a two-tier educational program aimed at educating women regarding breast cancer facts and the proper performance of breast self examination (BSE). Educational efforts are first directed at nurses who are then encouraged to transmit this information to women and their partners in the community. The program combines a lecture and demonstration with more informal small group discussions that allow for individual demonstrations of the technique of BSE. Follow-up of both nurse and lay participants by means of telephone interviews has shown that women can be motivated to practice BSE, and be made aware of proper techniques. PMID- 7300366 TI - The ABO(H) cell surface antigens in carcinoma and benign lesions of the breast. AB - The ABO(H) cell surface antigens of 13 breast carcinomas and 17 benign breast lesions were tested with a specific red cell adherence assay (SRCA). All 13 breast carcinomas, including 2 lobular carcinomas in situ and 1 noninfiltrating ductal carcinoma, had lost their ABO(H) surface antigens. Fourteen of 17 benign breast lesions had retained their ABO(H) surface antigens. The benign lesions losing their antigens were 1 case each of atypical intraductal hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, and intraductal papilloma. SRCA may be a predictor of which benign breast lesions are in fact premalignant. PMID- 7300367 TI - On estimating the risk of conception from observations on first conceptive delays. PMID- 7300368 TI - A selective model of plasma protein catabolism. PMID- 7300369 TI - Evolutionary rate of the mammalian karyotype. PMID- 7300370 TI - Protein induction process and stochastic nature of cell commitment to proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 7300371 TI - A model of excitation-contraction coupling of mammalian cardiac muscle. PMID- 7300372 TI - Origin of life-proposed mechanisms for primeval polynucleotide and peptide chain synthesis. PMID- 7300374 TI - Three-dimensional aspects of arterial branching. PMID- 7300373 TI - The elevator effect or a lift in a lift: how a locus in neutral equilibrium can provide a free ride for a neutral allele at another locus. PMID- 7300375 TI - Possible mechanism for the dynamic stabilization of protein structure. PMID- 7300376 TI - On the increase in complexity in Evolution II. The relativity of complexity and the principle of minimum increase. PMID- 7300377 TI - Target density estimation in radar biology. PMID- 7300378 TI - The exciton spectrum of the alpha-helical protein molecule model. PMID- 7300380 TI - Self organization origin of life scenarios and information theory. PMID- 7300379 TI - Protein folding and the genetic code: an alternative quantitative model. PMID- 7300381 TI - The mitochondrial protonic electrochemical potential difference as a point of hormone action. II. New proposals for the activity of glucagon. PMID- 7300382 TI - Kinship and covariance. PMID- 7300383 TI - The molecule-group schema of memory storage. PMID- 7300384 TI - Non-specific reactions: molecular basis for ageing. PMID- 7300385 TI - Possible interactions between alkoxy amphetamines and brain serotonin receptors. PMID- 7300386 TI - Some formal consequences of a specific association between double stranded nucleic acid molecules--properties of multistranded structures. PMID- 7300387 TI - A proposed modification to the microdosimetric theory of RBE. PMID- 7300388 TI - A critical assessment of the intestinal proliferon hypothesis. PMID- 7300390 TI - The logistic equation and population decline. PMID- 7300389 TI - Microscopical significance of the critical characteristics of stimuli in excitation processes, as revealed by spectral analysis. PMID- 7300391 TI - A practical method for calculating evolutionary trees from sequence data. PMID- 7300392 TI - A continuum approach to blood vessel growth: axisymmetric elastic structures. PMID- 7300393 TI - Energy kinetics and role of nutrition in cancer patients. PMID- 7300394 TI - Parameter estimation in Hodgkin-Huxley-type equations for membrane action potentials in nerve and heart muscle. PMID- 7300396 TI - Overlapping genes and information theory. PMID- 7300397 TI - Rebuttal of "overlapping genes and information theory". PMID- 7300395 TI - Homology in protein sequences expressed by correlation coefficients. PMID- 7300398 TI - Survival following resection for second primary bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - A second resective procedure has been done on 64 patients with multiple primary bronchogenic carcinoma, and a third operation has been performed in six. Fifty three initial resections and all repeat procedures were performed at Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center. Six patients had synchronous primary cancers, and in the 58 with metachronous disease the cumulative probability of tumor-free interval was 47% at 3 years. The initial resection performed was pneumonectomy in seven, lobectomy in 40, and segmentectomy in 17 patients. At the second operation, segmental resection was done in 41, lobectomy in six, completion lobectomy in four, and completion pneumonectomy in 13 patients. At the third operation, segmentectomy was done in three, completion lobectomy in two, and completion pneumonectomy in one patient. Ten patients had a tumor of different histologic type identified at the second procedure, but all patients with three operations had the same tumor cell type in each specimen. Six patients died following the second operation (a postoperative mortality of 9.3%), but there were no deaths in the six patients undergoing three procedures. Cumulative survival following the second resection was 36% at 5 years, 22% at 10 years and 13% at 15 years. In summary, second or third surgical efforts for reappearing bronchogenic cancers are justified and have significantly prolonged survival. The use of segmental or subsegmental resective techniques have provided superior survival results. PMID- 7300400 TI - Clinical and hemodynamic results with the St. Jude Medical cardiac valve prosthesis. A three-year experience. AB - Two hundred thirty-two consecutive patients (October 3, 1977, through December, 31, 1980) underwent aortic (AVR), mitral (MVR), or double (DVR) valve replacement with the St. Jude Medical (SJM) prosthesis. Operative mortality for the entire group was 7.3%. There was 100% follow-up. Warfarin (Coumadin) anticoagulation was recommended for all patients. There were no cases of mechanical failure. The incidence of thromboembolism was 0.6/1,000 patient-months for those with AVR, 3/1,000 patient-months for those with MVR, and 0% for those with DVR. Thrombosis of a prosthesis occurred in two patients with DVR. Clinically significant hemolysis occurred in three patients with paravalvar leaks following MVR. Late postoperative prosthetic infection has not occurred. Postoperative catheterization studies in 33 patients revealed no transvalvular gradient at rest in 21 patients. The remainder of the patients catheterizd had low transvalvular gradients. There was a minimal increase in transvalvular gradient with exercise. The SJM cardiac valve is a viable alternative in the surgical therapy of valvular heart disease. PMID- 7300401 TI - Tricuspid valvulectomy without prosthetic replacement. Ten years of clinical experience. PMID- 7300399 TI - Long-term results of repair of incomplete persistent atrioventricular canal. AB - We evaluated the late results following repair of otherwise anatomically uncomplicated incomplete persistent atrioventricular canal in 39 consecutive operative survivors who underwent operation at our institution prior to 1976. Average follow-up was 12 years. Postoperative cardiac catheterization was performed in 35 patients (90%) at an average of 11 months after operation. Seven (20%) had residual mitral regurgitation with elevated mean pulmonary arterial wedge of left atrial pressures with abnormal v waves. Regurgitation was mild to moderate (pulmonary artery wedge or left atrial pressure 12 to 15 mm Hg) in five and severe (pulmonary artery wedge pressure over 20 mm Hg) in two patients. Clinically significant arrhythmias including complete heart block, sudden death, nodal rhythm, and chronic atrial fibrillation occurred in seven patients (18%). Two patients have required reoperation for mitral regurgitation. Five have clinically recognizable mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation controlled with medical management; 25 patients are asymptomatic at current evaluation. Estimated actuarial survival rate at 13 years is 88% +/- 6%, with an actuarial survival free of reoperation of 82% +/- 6%. However, actuarial survival free of any late complication including late death, reoperation, serious arrhythmia, or mitral regurgitation is only 52% +/- 10% at 13 years. PMID- 7300402 TI - Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in children by Thal fundoplication. AB - The anterior fundoplication described by Thal has been used in treating gastroesophageal reflux surgically in 362 children at The Children's Mercy Hospital and at St. Luke's Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri, because medical therapy had failed or was inappropriate. Long-term results have been evaluated in regard to relief of reflux and relief of symptoms attributed to reflux. Of the 335 patients followed from 1 to 8 years, 90% had a satisfactory initial result. Five percent required reoperation for a recurrence of reflux due to failure of the fundoplication or development of a hiatus hernia. All recurrences developed with 5 months of the initial operation. Fifteen of 335 patients (4.5%) had persistent symptoms despite correction of the gastroesophageal reflux; in these patients, attributing the symptoms to reflux was incorrect. There were no deaths in this series of patients as a result of operation. The success rate of the Thal fundoplication in children compares favorably with that of the Nissen Fundoplication. PMID- 7300403 TI - Eradication and palliation of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical therapy. AB - Between April, 1977, and March, 1981, 86 unselected patients with proved squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy followed by operation whenever feasible. The preoperative chemotherapeutic agents used initially were 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin C. After December, 1979, cis-platinum was used instead of mitomycin C. Radiotherapy (3,000 rads) of the tumor was begun at the same time as the chemotherapy. An esophagectomy was performed on suitable candidates 3 to 4 weeks after the chemotherapy and radiotherapy were completed. The mucosal lesion disappeared in 69 of the 86 patients, and dysphagia was relieved at least temporarily in 57 of 62 patients. Recurrent dysphagia resulting from fibrosis at the tumor site caused a secondary stenosis in 11 patients. Excellent palliation was obtained in five patients with bronchoesophageal fistulas who had an initial substernal gastric bypass followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Of the 48 patients who had an esophagectomy, 15 (31%) had no tumor in the resected specimen. Eleven of these 15 patients are still alive with no evidence of disease. All patients with a lesion less than 5.0 cm in length had complete regression of the tumor. We believe that this combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical therapy provides excellent palliation, increases resectability, and has a potential for cure. PMID- 7300404 TI - Factors affecting response to thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7300407 TI - Ventricular function before and after mitral valve replacement. AB - To evaluate right ventricular function following mitral valve replacement, we studied 84 patients with isolated mitral valve disease with the use of first-pass radionuclide angiography before, 1 week after, and up to 1 year after operation. The right ventricular ejection fraction for the entire group improved from 29% +/ 11% to 43% +/- 10% (p less than 0.001) at 1 week. This increase was maintained at 3 months (41% +/- 10%) and up to year after operation (40% +/- 12%). The improvement was found not to be influenced by either the type of valvular lesion or the presence and/or level of pulmonary hypertension. When the patients were grouped according to the type of prosthetic valve placed at operation, the right ventricular ejection fraction increased in all patients within 1 week of operation, with sustained improvement at 3 months postoperatively. Thereafter, it began to decline in patients receiving a Carpentier bioprosthesis while being maintained in those patients who received disc valves. Further analysis revealed that those patients who receiving the larger Carpentier bioprostheses had a greater deterioration of right ventricular function than those receiving the smaller Carpentier valves. Left ventricular function in the entire group was normal preoperatively (62% +/- 16%) and was unchanged at 1 week (60% +/- 16%) and a 1 year (59% +/- 16%) after operation. PMID- 7300405 TI - Population-based requirements for thoracic surgery. AB - In order to determine the population-based requirement for thoracic surgery, we identified of the thoracotomies undertaken upon Olmsted county, Minnesota, residents in a 10 year period. There were 674 initial operations and 78 reoperations among 689 residents. The age-adjusted incidence rate for all thoracotomies in the community was 99.6 per 100,000 person-years. Rates generally increased with age and were greater for men, with an age-adjusted male: female ratio of incidence rates of 2.1 : 1. Age-adjusted rates for urban residents were nearly twice as great as those for rural residents of the county. Sixty percent of the operations were performed for cardiovascular disease, 30% for pulmonary disease, and 10% for all other chest conditions. The incidence of operations for all three of these subgroups increased substantially during the 10 year study period. If the Olmsted County experience for 1976-1979 is applied to the 1980 United States population, an estimated 300,000 thoracic operations would be required. The operations could entail the use of nearly 6 million hospital bed days and over 1 million operating room hours. PMID- 7300406 TI - Open mitral valvotomy. Effect of preoperative factors on result. AB - On hundred fifty-four patients who underwent open mitral valvotomy in the years of 1968 to 1976 were reviewed 1 to 112 months (mean 48) postoperatively. There was one hospital death and there were 14 late deaths (nine cardiac), and 16 patients required reoperation during the follow-up period. Preoperative factors were examined to assess their association with an unsatisfactory postoperative course. End points included unsatisfactory symptomatic status, the need for reoperation, and postoperative death. Maori race and atrial fibrillation (AF) were associated with all three end points. Other preoperative factors associated with at least one unfavorable end point were female sex, unfavorable preoperative symptomatic status, the presence of mild associated mitral incompetence (MI), a previous operation, and the presence of calcification in the mitral valve. The degree of subvalvular fusion and the adequacy of valvotomy assessed at operation were also related to outcome. A binary regression program was developed to assist in the prediction of outcome from an assessment of preoperative factors. Preoperative embolism occurred in 31 patients and postoperative embolism in 13. Postoperative embolism occurred in 35% of patients with a preoperative embolic episode and AF. Open mitral valvotomy carries a low operative risk, but unfavorable preoperative factors militate against a satisfactory long-term result and protection from recurrent embolism is only partial. PMID- 7300408 TI - Hemorrhage from myocardial revascularization. AB - Four groups of 12 dogs each had ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with subsequent release of the ligature and confirmed reperfusion. After 24 hours of reperfusion, the hearts were removed. sliced at 1 cm intervals along the transverse axis, and stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Measurements of the infarct size as a percentage of the left ventricular area (I) and of hemorrhage as a percentage of infarct size (H) were made. The duration of ligation was 3 hours in Group 1, 6 hours in Group II, 18 hours in Group III, and 30 hours in Group IV. No significant difference in infarct size was found among the groups. Percent hemorrhage was 25.2% of infarct area in Group I, 28.3% in Group II, 18.1% in Group II, and 0.7% in Group IV. If reperfusion hemorrhage into an acute myocardial infarct is deleterious, these data suggest than danger to be decreased at 18 hours and absent at 30 hours after acute coronary occlusion. PMID- 7300409 TI - Detachment of the septal tricuspid leaflet during transatrial closure of isolated ventricular septal defect. AB - In 27 (18%) of the 151 patients who underwent transatrial closure of isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD) between 1966 and 1979, the tricuspid valve was partially detached in order to achieve better exposure. All 27 patients had defects of the membranous or paramembranous type situated behind the tricuspid septal cases, tight chordae tendineae crossed over the defect and inserted in the edge of the VSD. A 15 to 20 mm incision in the septal leaflet was usually needed to expose the defect sufficiently. There were two operative deaths among the 27 patients, both unrelated to the tricuspid incision. The remaining patients had uncomplicated postoperative courses. There were no long-term complications or instances of significant tricuspid valve incompetence, major residual shunt, or heart block at follow-up. Three patients, operated upon at the ages of 3, 3, and 6 years, respectively, had residual pulmonary hypertension. In one patient, who died 4 years postoperatively in a traffic accident, the tricuspid valve was intact and the previous incision could hardly be seen. It is concluded that detachment of the septal tricuspid leaflet is a safe procedure during transatrial closure of a VSD. PMID- 7300410 TI - Right coronary-left ventricular fistula mimicking aortic valve insufficiency in infancy. AB - Two infants had large communications between the right coronary artery just distal to its origin and the cavity of the left ventricle. The findings were essentially those of aortic insufficiency. In the first patient operation was delayed until there was secondary aortic insufficiency resulting from dilatation of the aortic root. The second patient was operated upon in infancy, and abolition of the fistula has relieved the clinical situation. Surgeons should recognize that isolated congenital aortic valve insufficiency has not been reported to our knowledge. Therefore, infants who appear to have this condition should undergo thorough angiographic studies which likely will reveal a remediable situation. A surgical approach for the type of fistula described herein is presented. PMID- 7300411 TI - Infected epicardial pacemaker systems. Partial versus total removal. AB - Nine patients with infected epicardial pacemakers are described. All of the patients had infection localized to the generator pocket. Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most common organism isolated, was found in seven (77.8%). Conservative nonsurgical treatment was initially attempted in five patients. This failed in all and necessitated subsequent operation. At the time of the initial operation, lead transection and partial removal of the system was performed in seven patients. In four of them (57%), persistent infection necessitated further operation and complete extraction to eradicate the infection. In contrast, in all six patients (100%) in whom total removal was achieved (two at the time of initial operation and four at the time of subsequent operation), there was successful resolution of the infection. Therefore, complete extraction of the entire pacing system should be carried out, whenever possible, to achieve the greatest likelihood of eradicating the infection. PMID- 7300412 TI - Hierarchy of supraventricular pacemakers. AB - Definitive subsidiary atrial pacemakers (SAPs) exist within the crista terminalis and in the atrial free wall tissue at the junction of the inferior vena cava and the inferior right atrium. These pacemakers are capable of maintaining cardiac rhythm at a rate intermediate between that of the sinoatrial (SA) nodal and atrioventricular (AV) junctional pacemakers upon default of the normal SA nodal cells. The conventional concept of a single (junctional) escape mechanism needs to be updated by recognition of these SAP sites, which are under comprehensive autonomic regulation. A great variety of clinically important cardiac syndromes require understanding of the SAPs, not only for diagnostic significance but also for therapeutic consideration. SAPs differ from the SA pacemakers in that they possess intrinsically slower spontaneous rates and are less stable. There is early competition among them for instantaneous dominance. They are more responsive to both sympathetic and parasympathetic control, and they are initially more susceptible to underdrive stimulation by another pacemaker (whether artificial or natural) than are pacemakers with the SA node. PMID- 7300413 TI - Myocardial protection during aortic valve replacement. Comparison of different methods by intrtaoperative coronary sinus blood sampling and postoperative serial serum enzyme determinations. PMID- 7300415 TI - Myocardial preservation symposium. PMID- 7300414 TI - Perioperative preservation of myocardial ultrastructure and high-energy phosphates in man. AB - To establish whether hypothermic crystalloid potassium cardioplegia given in multidose fashion provides adequate preservation of myocardial ultrastructure and high-energy phosphates, we studied 25 patients with an ejection fraction of 50% or higher who were undergoing cardiac procedures. Eight patients had three biopsy specimens taken from the left ventricular apex for determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP). Specimens were taken immediately prior to aortic cross-clamping, immediately after the release of the aortic cross clamp, and 30 minutes after the release of the cross-clamp. Seventeen patients had six specimens taken form the left ventricular apex at the above-stated times, three for ATP and CP determination and three additional specimens for electron microscopy. One patient had a small perioperative infarction and another patient died on the fifth postoperative day of an aortic dissection. The mitochondria on the electron microscopic specimens were graded on a scale from 0 to 4 (4 = severe changes). There was no significant difference in the mitochondrial scores. The preservation oh high-energy phosphates was less complete. ATP was reduced to 78% (3.4.2) of control and CP was reduced in the immediate postclamp period to 32% (081/2.5)of control. The difference are particularly significant if one looks at patients whose aortic cross-clamp time was 90 minutes or more (12 patients). In this group, ATP an CP preservation were 71% of control (3.33/4.60 mmoles/kg. wet weight) and 53% of control (l.48/2.81), 30 minutes after clamp removal (p equal to or less than 0.01). We conclude that hypothermic potassium cardioplegia gives excellent preservation of the myocardial ultrastructure in man. However, the preservation of high-energy phosphates with this technique is imperfect. PMID- 7300416 TI - An improved method of topical cardiac hypothermia. AB - Current methods of myocardial protection usually employ together with topical hypothermia by pericardial lavage. Pericardial lavage is inconvenient, inconsistent, and noisy: it wastes blood: it cannot cool the right ventricle effectively. We use a new myocardial protection jacket to cool the heart during operation other than simple coronary bypass procedures. Myocardial temperatures are maintained at 7 degrees to 14 degrees C indefinitely without reinfusion of cardioplegia solution. The jacket is a more convenient and much more effective method of obtaining profound topical hypothermia. PMID- 7300417 TI - Cardiogenic shock due to ventricular rupture. A surgical approach. AB - Following a posterolateral myocardial infarction, a 57-year-old man developed severe shock which did not respond to catecholamine infusion and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Implantation of a left ventricular assist pump was planned, but at sternotomy free ventricular rupture was identified and repaired. Repair of free-wall ventricular rupture is uncommon because of infrequent antemortem diagnosis. A more aggressive surgical approach of instituting left ventricular assist pumping in those patients with cardiogenic shock refractory to medical therapy and intra-aortic balloon pumping should yield the additional benefit of repair of the rather common but rarely recognized lesion of ventricular rupture. PMID- 7300418 TI - Median sternotomy for bilateral resection of emphysematous bullae. PMID- 7300419 TI - Epidural analgesia for post-thoracotomy patients. AB - Fifty-three patients underwent 55 post-thoracotomy bupivacaine epidural analgesia experiences for pain control. Hospital records of all patients were analyzed for effectiveness of pain relief, changes in vital signs, and complications. In most instances, pain relief was adequate and patients were able to move, cough, and deep breathe unusually well in the postoperative period. Correlations were tested among changes in blood pressure, pulse, respiration, the actual value for low blood pressure, and subsequent elevation, age, sex, thoracotomy side, primary diagnoses, a secondary diagnoses, metastases, and complications. Systolic blood pressure reduction was greater in older patients who received epidural bupivacaine, with a correlation coefficient which attained significance (p less than 0.04). Patients who underwent thoracotomies for chronic pulmonary inflammation (p less than 0.04) or patients who had previous myocardial infarctions (p less than 0.05) also demonstrated significant reduction in systolic blood pressure. However, the number of patients in each group (six and four, respectively) makes their significance questionable. Although there were no serious complications or deaths attributable to this technique of pain control, possible morbidity is discussed. Removal of the epidural catheters was without incident. There was no evidence of irritation, pain, or infection at the catheter placement sites. PMID- 7300420 TI - Cardiac output determination after cardiac operation. Lack of correlation between direct measurements and indirect estimates. AB - Ninety-two mean thermodilution cardiac indices were determined in 25 patients following cardiac operations. Arterial and venous blood gases, hematocrit, body temperature, central venous pressure, left atrial pressures, urine output, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were simultaneously recorded. Six variables, arterial and venous pH, arterial and venous PCO2, venous PO2, and temperature, showed significant simple correlations with cardiac index, but the degree of correlation was inadequate for use of these variables as reliable indices of cardiac function. When stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed, two variables, venous PO2 and left atrial pressure were associated with the best correlation with cardiac index, such that CI = 0.073 PO2V -- 0.060 LAP + 1.39 (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001). When measured values for venous PO2 and left atrial pressure were substituted into this equation, a "predicted" value for cardiac index could be obtained with only slightly improved reliability. The data indicate that indirect estimation of cardiac output by measurement of the various laboratory parameters described above is not sufficiently reliable for clinical use. The importance of obtaining direct measurements of cardiac output by thermodilution or other means in order to properly evaluate postoperative cardiac function is stressed. PMID- 7300421 TI - Internal mammary artery--coronary artery anastomosis. Influence of the side branches on surgical result. AB - Five of 20 (25%) symptomatic patients with internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts were found to have unusually enlarged side branches on arteriographic studies. One had a large lateral costal branch and four had large pericardial branches with collaterals draining into the pulmonary circulation. In these patients there was significant reduction (mean 44% +/- 3%) in the lumen of the distal IMA compared to its proximal part, with poor filling of the grafted coronary artery. This appeared to be the only cause of anginal symptoms in three of these five patients. The other 15 patients (75%) with small or no side branches had little or no reduction (mean 10% +/- 2%) of the distal IMA lumen. There was good coronary filling in these cases. The enlargement of the side branches indicates large flow in these branches with consequent reduction of flow in the grafted coronary artery. The marked reduction of the distal IMA lumen is a useful sign of reduced graft flow. This phenomenon may be one of the causes of poor results following IMA grafting. PMID- 7300422 TI - False aneurysm of the left coronary artery. AB - The case of a 65-year-old white man with a large false aneurysm of the left coronary artery resulting from spontaneous rupture of the circumflex coronary artery is described. An abnormal chest roentgenogram resulted in initial evaluation, and a coronary aneurysm was then suspected on the basis of two dimensional echocardiography. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a large, saccular false aneurysm arising from the left coronary artery and diffuse aneurysmal disease of the right coronary artery. The patient underwent surgical resection of the aneurysm and saphenous vein aorta-coronary bypass grafting but failed to survive the postoperative period. Pathological examination documented histologic proof of a false aneurysm. The optimal treatment for coronary artery aneurysms is unknown but must be based on symptomatic associated arteriosclerotic heart disease and the risks of complications related to the aneurysm, including the risk of rupture with formation of a false aneurysm as documented in this case. PMID- 7300423 TI - Physician or technician: the surgeon in the nursery. PMID- 7300424 TI - Method of discarding cardioplegic solution via the right atrium. PMID- 7300425 TI - Heparin rebound. PMID- 7300426 TI - Placement of Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 7300427 TI - Diaphragmatic muscle in cardiac surgery. PMID- 7300428 TI - Single unit conduction velocities from averaged nerve cuff electrode records in freely moving cats. AB - The conduction velocity of peripheral neurons recorded by wire microelectrodes implanted in intact, freely moving cats was determined on-line using the technique of spike-triggered averaging of nerve cuff electrode records described here. Axonal velocity was estimated from the conduction latency between two adjacent sets of tripolar recording electrodes inside a cuff, thereby avoiding uncertainties that could arise from differences in spike shape, variable conduction distance, or unknown stimulus utilization time. This method rendered conduction velocity values for individual afferent and efferent myelinated fibers ranging from 27 to 120 m/sec, estimated with an uncertainty of +/-5%. In addition, predictions from theoretical models relating extracellular potential amplitude, wavelength, and conduction velocity were confirmed experimentally for en passant records obtained from intact myelinated fibers. PMID- 7300430 TI - A technique for central drug administration in Octopus vulgaris. PMID- 7300429 TI - Purification of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells by differential plating. AB - A method is described for obtaining highly purified cultures of bovine chromaffin cells from crude adrenomedullary cell suspensions. The method is based on the different adhesiveness of chromaffin and non-chromaffin cells to glass and plastic surfaces (differential plating). Crude suspensions isolated by a modified version of the method described by Livett et al. (1979) (cf. Fenwick et al., 1978) contain 74.4 +/- 7.7% (n = 7) chromaffin cells as determined by electron microscopy. Bringing the cells through 5 steps of differential plating results in cultures that are predominantly composed of chromaffin cells (97.5 +/- 0.85%, n = 8). More than 90% of these cells are viable as judged by trypan blue exclusion and by electron microscopy. Cultures obtained by differential plating contain a significantly lower proportion of non-chromaffin cells than primary cultures both after one week (45.5 +/- 1.2% vs 86.7 +/- 4.6%, n = 3) and after two weeks (85 vs 93%), when grown in Falcon flasks with medium 199 and 20% fetal calf serum, but without mitosis inhibitors. Cultures obtained by the method described in this paper may be profitably employed for studying the contribution of non-chromaffin cells to the functions of chromaffin cells. PMID- 7300431 TI - A piezoelectric device to aid penetration of small nerve fibers with microelectrodes. AB - A small piezoelectric device for cell penetration is described. It retracts the micropipette slowly by electrostriction, and pushes it very fast (less than 5 microsecond) forward by short-circuiting the transducer. The design, operation circuit, and performance under test conditions are described. Penetration examples from small nerve fibers (less than 5 micrometer) show that membrane puncture occurs only with the fast forward push. Cells are not noticeably damaged, even if the device is repeatedly operated after cell penetration. PMID- 7300432 TI - Methods for finding single generators, with application to auditory driving of the human EEG by complex stimuli. AB - A method is presented for searching any number of simultaneous time series (e.g. from different EEG electrodes) for single generators within a frequency band. The method was applied to human EEGs taken during conditions of listening to complex rhythmic (Mozart symphony and chanting) and non-rhythmic (conversation) sounds. The method indicated a tendency towards single generation in the alpha (8-12 Hz) band during the rhythmic conditions. The method was then extended to test for synchrony between the EEG signals and the auditory signal (as a function of frequency). Such synchrony (auditory driving) was indicated during rhythmic conditions in the alpha band. PMID- 7300433 TI - A computer system for combined neuronal mapping and morphometry. AB - A computer system has been developed which allows both mapping and planimetry of histological preparations. Data consist of cytoarchitectonic boundaries defined in low-power micrographs of thick sections, and nuclear and vascular profiles defined in high-power micrographs of semi-thin sections taken from the original thick tissue, and landmarks common to both. Data from these different preparations and magnifications are entered into the computer on a digitizing tablet and are stored as points in a real-world coordinate system, along with profile labels, landmarks for alignment purposes, and section depth. Subsequent programs determine parameters such as area and perimeter for each profile, as well as its geometric center and relationship to the cytoarchitectonic boundary. This mapping parameter allows morphometric analysis of profiles as a function of their position. Other programs allow display and manipulation of data in 3 dimensions, cell counts, and stereology. Data acquisition is done in the laboratory, using a micro-computer; analysis and display are done on a large time sharing computer connected to the small machine by a telephone interface. PMID- 7300434 TI - Constant-current source for an electrolytic microinfusion transducer system. PMID- 7300436 TI - Morphological observation of retinal cells presumably made syncytial by an electrode penetration. PMID- 7300435 TI - A method for making very small, quantifiable micropipette injections of axonal tracer substances. PMID- 7300438 TI - A review of 50 children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. PMID- 7300437 TI - The effect of the minimal deflation pressure on lung mechanics in isolated rabbit lungs. PMID- 7300439 TI - Why do the airways contain smooth muscle? PMID- 7300441 TI - Peripheral arterial disease. PMID- 7300440 TI - Preparation and composition of alveolar extracellular matrix and incorporated basement membrane. PMID- 7300442 TI - Vascular access for hemodialysis. PMID- 7300443 TI - Complications of arterial surgery. PMID- 7300445 TI - Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota. II. Mortality, incidence, and survivorship, 1950-1975. AB - For the city of Rochester, Minnesota, the coronary heart disease mortality rate showed approximately the same percentage decline as that for the United States during the period 1968-1978. The incidence rates of coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden unexpected death) for the period 1950-1975 are based on a total of 3,080 cases. The incidence showed a decrease approximately 10 years earlier than the decline in mortality and little change since that time. The age-adjusted case fatality rate for the incidence cases of myocardial infarction decreased from 18.7% in 1965-69 to 9.0% in 1970 75. The death rate during the 5 years following the diagnosis of angina also decreased by almost 50%, and the myocardial infarction patients dismissed from the hospital showed little change in subsequent survivorship. PMID- 7300444 TI - Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota, 1950-1975. I. Background and study design. AB - The unique medical data resource for the population of Rochester, Minnesota, is centered on the records of the Mayo Clinic and the Olmsted Medical and Surgical Group, which for several decades have provided nearly all medical care in this community. This resource has been utilized in a study of the incidence rates and secular trend in coronary heart disease for the period 1950-1975 among residents of Rochester. A total of 3,080 patients fulfilled the clinical and other criteria for inclusion in this study. The patients, classified by initial manifestation of coronary heart disease, consisted of 1,321 with myocardial infarction, 1,215 with angina pectoris, and 544 with sudden unexpected death. In this paper the background, clinical definitions, and study design are presented. PMID- 7300446 TI - Limited thoracotomy in the pediatric patient. AB - Thirty-one children underwent 33 limited thoracotomies between 1973 and 1979. Adequate tissue for diagnosis was obtained in each case, and subsequent therapy was influenced in 91%. The preoperative diagnosis was confirmed in 61% and corrected in 36%. One death may have been hastened by the procedure, but all others were related to the underlying disease process. There were very few complications, the most common being pneumothorax. The routine use of a chest tube postoperatively seems to reduce the frequency of pneumothoraces. The average duration of the operation was 50 minutes. We believe that limited thoracotomy is a safe and rapid method of obtaining lung tissue and almost always ensures adequate tissue for diagnosis. PMID- 7300449 TI - Coronary artery spasm and myocardial infarction in the absence of angiographically demonstrable obstructive coronary disease. AB - Myocardial infarction due to spasm of an "angiographically normal coronary artery" is rare, and its significance as a cause of myocardial infarction in patients without obstructive coronary disease has not been determined. Two patients are described with transmural myocardial infarction, nonobstructive coronary arteries, and suggestive evidence of coronary vasospasm as the cause of infarction. In one patient, angiography was carried out within 7 days of infarction and the documentation of normal coronary arteries argued strongly against a thromboembolic cause for infarction. This patient also had the combination of asthma, hypereosinophilia, and a systemic disease suggesting an immunologic disturbance with increased autoantibody production. A temporal association was noted between the episodes of asthma and those of coronary spasm during exacerbation of the eosinophilia, which raised the speculative issue of "allergic" coronary vasospasm. It is concluded that spasm of a nonobstructed coronary artery may cause transmural myocardial infarction. Further documentation is required in order to place this association in perspective among the other potential cause of infarction in patients with normal coronary artery anatomy. PMID- 7300448 TI - Treatment of primary pulmonary blastomycosis: results of long-term follow-up. AB - Twenty-three patients with pulmonary blastomycosis were seen from 1950 to 1975, and long-term follow-up, ranging from 2 to 21 years, was available for 19 patients. Four major treatment groups were identified: surgery alone (eight patients), amphotericin B alone (four patients), surgery and amphotericin B (three patients), and observation (four patients). Six of eight patients who had surgical resection alone were cured; one patient died of cardiopulmonary complications in the immediate postoperative period, and one had a relapse 15 years later. The remaining 11 patients in the three other treatment groups were cured. Although systemic therapy with amphotericin B is clearly indicated for progressive, disseminated, or incompletely resected disease, a period of observation is indicated for nonprogressive or totally resected pulmonary blastomycosis. PMID- 7300447 TI - Influence of height on the risk of spontaneous pneumothorax. AB - The risk of primary spontaneous pneumothorax was found to be greatest among persons 25 to 34 years old of each sex and greater for men than women, although a gradient of risk with increasing height was found which seemed to explain much of the male predominance in this condition. Minor physical anomalies were relatively common among these patients, but no specific clinical syndromes could be identified. For secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, the risk increased with age and was greater for men, although this may simply have reflected an increased frequency of underlying chronic pulmonary disease. The gradient of risk with height was much less pronounced for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Most of the patients in both pneumothorax groups smoked. PMID- 7300450 TI - Statistics for clinicians. 11. Survivorship studies. PMID- 7300451 TI - Licensing in the health occupations. PMID- 7300452 TI - A new image for angiographers. PMID- 7300453 TI - Superior vena cava obstruction. PMID- 7300454 TI - Mating-induced alterations in the regulatory mechanisms of male rats. AB - The effect of mating behavior on the regulatory mechanisms of male rats was investigated. Moderate levels of copulatory behavior (two ejaculations/week for 6 weeks) reduced body weight gain, and decreased food efficiency. Mating also affected carcass composition: it caused a decrease in fat content and a rise in nitrogen and water levels. The altered regulatory functions were observed in two age groups: 14-17-week- old male rats and 27-week- old male rats. Controls for the non-copulatory components of mating demonstrated the specificity of the copulation effects. The regulatory functions of the control groups (Social Interaction, Voluntary-Exercise, and Novel-Cage) were similar to those of the sexually rested, Home-Cage group. These results demonstrate that a naturally occurring behavior, mating, significantly affects regulatory mechanisms in the male rat. Since growth and longevity have been shown to be interrelated, these findings support the hypothesis that copulation can affect aging. PMID- 7300455 TI - Changes in the levels and the rate of synthesis of transfer RNA in tissues of mice of different ages. AB - Levels of transfer RNA (tRNA) were determined in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, and brain of young (35-day), adult (12-month) and old (24-month) female C57BL/6J mice. Kidney and liver showed little change in tRNA levels between young and adult mice, but the levels decreased in old mice. Skeletal muscle tRNA decreased steadily from young to old mice. Heart tRNA increased during maturation to adult organisms and then decreased in old individuals. Brain levels of tRNA increased steadily. No age-related change in the rate of transport of orotic acid into cells was observed. However, all tissues exhibited a decrease in uridine pools between adult and old mice. Most importantly, all tissues of aging mice showed a decrease in the rate of tRNA synthesis. PMID- 7300456 TI - Properties of DNA polymerases from young and ageing human fibroblasts. AB - A comparison was made between two methods of isolating DNA polymerases from MRC-5 fibroblasts. The first method produces DNA polymerase-alpha with a lower molecular weight and other properties that are not normally found for this enzyme. It was concluded that this method produces proteolytically degraded DNA polymerase-alpha. A second method was developed which produces DNA polymerase alpha with all the normal properties of this enzyme. The specific activity of DNA polymerase was reduced in senescent MRC-5 fibroblasts approximately 2--4-fold. DNA polymerase-alpha accounts for 95% of polymerase activity in young cells and its specific activity during the fibroblast lifespan correlates with the declining cellular growth rate. DNA polymerase-beta is present at 0.3-3% of total cellular activity and its specific activity does not correlate with cellular growth rate. DNA polymerase-gamma accounts for 5% of the polymerase activity in young cells and 20% in old cells. However, the specific activity of the polymerase-gamma is constant throughout the lifespan of MRC-5. The 5 S DNA polymerase-alpha has an increased in vitro error frequency (average 3.6) compared to the 7 S polymerase-alpha. In addition the proportion of 5 S polymerase-alpha rises from 7% in young cells to 29% in senescent cells in an apparently exponential fashion. PMID- 7300457 TI - Unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells of different shape in fibroblast cultures from donors of various ages. AB - Human fibroblast cultures derived from normal donors of different ages were examined for the proportion of spindle-shaped, sail-shaped, and large pleomorphic cells which constitute the cultures, and the capacities of these cells for unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). The large pleomorphic cells were most abundant in all cultures, followed in abundance by the sail-shaped and spindle-shaped cells. Major changes in the occurrence of the cells of different shape with increased donor age were not apparent, although the abundance of spindle-shaped cells decreased slightly with donor age. The large pleomorphic and sail-shaped cells exhibited similar UDS which was consistently greater than that of the spindle-shaped cells. No major changes in UDS were observed for either type of cell with increased donor age. PMID- 7300458 TI - Positive and negative adaptation of muscle enzymes in aging mice subjected to physical exercise. AB - CWI mice at the age of 6, 22 and 27 months were subjected to a controlled physical training program for 5 weeks. Changes in specific activity of the enzymes aldolase, superoxide dismutase and catalase of the total hind-leg muscle tissues were followed. During the training period, specific activities of these muscle enzymes exhibited an adaptive increase in the 6 and 22 months groups. In senile (27 months) mice, however, enzyme activities decreased as a consequence of the physical challenge. Total body weight was not altered under these conditions. Immunotitration of extracts with anti-aldolase and anti-creatine kinase antibodies showed no significant differences, indicating that there was no accumulation of disappearance of faulty proteins during aging and physical exercise. PMID- 7300459 TI - Effects of exercise on the biochemical aging of mammalian myocardium. II. Creatine phosphokinase. AB - Male Fischer 344 rats from a long inbred colony (by brother-sister mating) were subjected to moderate (forced swimming) physical activity on a regular basis, beginning at 3 weeks following weaning. Normally caged, sedentary littermates were employed as controls at each age level. Exercised animals showed a greater total ventricular mass and correspondingly lower body weight, and the heart to body weight ratio for experimental animals about 25% higher at all ages, beginning at 3 months following onset of exercise. Finally, the specific activity of myocardial creatine phosphokinase was consistently higher for the exercised animals, beginning at 3 months of age and through 16 months of such exercise. These data support previous findings from this laboratory, as well as by others, that long-term moderate exercise begun early in life has a continuing, beneficial effect on the mammalian heart, both at the gross functional and intracellular biochemical levels. PMID- 7300460 TI - Age-related changes in isolated rat hepatocytes. Comparison of size, morphology, binucleation, and protein content. AB - Hepatocytes isolated from 6-, 12-, 18-, and 30-month-old female Fischer F344 rats were examined by scanning electron microscopy. No significant change in cell size with age was observed. However, the surface morphology of the cells isolated from the older animals exhibited a significant increase in surface folds. This feature did not exceed 10% of the cell population until 12 months of age and continued to increase to 31% of the cells in 30-month-old rats. From 6 to 12 months of age, there was a significant increase in protein content of the hepatocytes. No further increase in protein content occurred during senescence. An increase in percentage of binuclear cells occurred after 24 months of age. Because ploidy and binucleation increase with increasing age, it appears that the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio changes as a function of age. PMID- 7300461 TI - A new intelligent terminal for clinical computer network. PMID- 7300462 TI - Peak-to-peak detector for the arterial pulsations in the plethysmogram. I: technical description and simulation. PMID- 7300463 TI - Peak-to-peak detector for the arterial pulsations in the plethysmogram. II: results of its use during anaesthesia. PMID- 7300464 TI - Potential and impedance variations following skin deformation. PMID- 7300465 TI - Kinematic data acquisition system for two- or three-dimensional motion analysis. PMID- 7300466 TI - Dependence of the viscoelastic response of the urinary bladder wall on strain rate. PMID- 7300467 TI - MYO-MAP--a fast recording system for epicardial mapping. PMID- 7300468 TI - Non-linear electrical properties of skin in the low frequency range. PMID- 7300469 TI - Magnetic field resulting from action currents on cylindrical fibres. PMID- 7300470 TI - Fast microelectrode headstage for voltage clamp. PMID- 7300471 TI - Design analysis of parallel plate and hollow fibres haemofilters. PMID- 7300472 TI - Photoconductor micrometer using a row of linear image sensor elements. PMID- 7300473 TI - Online computer for assessing respiratory and metabolic function during exercise. PMID- 7300476 TI - Microminiature transducers for biomedical applications. PMID- 7300475 TI - Calorimeter ergometer for concentric and eccentric work. PMID- 7300474 TI - Microcomputer assistance in clinical monitoring of intracranial pressure. PMID- 7300478 TI - Blood lactate variations in swimming. PMID- 7300477 TI - Microprocessor heart rate histogram recorder for ambulatory monitoring of daily physical activity. PMID- 7300479 TI - Preliminary results in display and abnormality recognition of Hilbert transformed e.c.g.s. PMID- 7300480 TI - [The role of the liver in the metabolism of trace elements]. PMID- 7300481 TI - [H.L.A. markers and the genetics of idiopathic hemochromatosis]. PMID- 7300482 TI - [Hepato-toxicity of thorotrast]. PMID- 7300483 TI - Hepatitis caused by acute lead poisoning. PMID- 7300484 TI - [Marginal magnesium deficiency and experimental hepatic lesions in the rat]. PMID- 7300485 TI - [Argyria with hepatic localization. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7300486 TI - [Zinc and cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 7300487 TI - [Clinical range of copper toxicity]. PMID- 7300488 TI - [Copper metabolism: ultimate therapeutic implications in cholestasis]. PMID- 7300490 TI - [Primary gastric tuberculosis, Case report]. PMID- 7300489 TI - [Detection of hepatic copper by physical methods. Importance of X-ray spectrography]. PMID- 7300491 TI - [Ileo-colic invaginations in the adult and ileal lipomas. Apropos of 2 case reports]. PMID- 7300492 TI - [Constrictive perihepatitis and portal hypertension. The value of porto-caval anastomosis]. PMID- 7300493 TI - [Normalization of intestinal passage in patients with anal surgery. Action of a bran powder with polyenzymatic activity]. PMID- 7300495 TI - [Splenectomy in cirrhosis with hypersplenism. Retrospective study]. PMID- 7300494 TI - [Apropos of the treatment of ano-rectal neuralgia]. PMID- 7300496 TI - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with ileo-ileal invagination. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7300497 TI - [Should fibrorectosigmoidoscopy replace rigid rectoscopy?]. PMID- 7300499 TI - [Edematous ileocecal valve inflammation]. PMID- 7300498 TI - [Volvulus of the gallbladder (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 7300500 TI - [Effect of Dicetel in functional colopathy. An open multicenter study in ambulatory patients]. PMID- 7300502 TI - A simple method of EMG analysis to determine patterns for use in the recognition of clinical conditions: a preliminary report. PMID- 7300501 TI - [Poly-Karaya and anal surgery]. PMID- 7300505 TI - Running a clinical-chemistry laboratory with and without the help of a computer. PMID- 7300504 TI - User acceptance of a computer-assisted anticoagulation control system. PMID- 7300503 TI - Risk factors for gastric cancer: a multivariate analysis of five-years' experience in the PL health control system and its applications. PMID- 7300506 TI - Computer-aided real-time acquisition of physiological data: technical design and selection constraints. AB - For many years, physiological investigations have utilized the power and speed of analogue, digital and hybrid computers. Complex protocols often require the recording of large amounts of data in short periods, typically with simultaneous fine control of multiple experimental variables. Current systems often include data analysis in the same program which controls data acquisition. Although this is convenient from a package point of view, acquisition and analysis routines have different and sometimes conflicting purposes and requirements. This paper examines acquisition of continuous physiological signals by small dedicated computers in an attempt to separate these processes and to provide guidelines for computer selection, design and development. PMID- 7300507 TI - The Regional Cancer Registry in North Baden: a review of four years' experience. PMID- 7300508 TI - [Immunologic response of mice to influenza virus strains with different neuraminidase activity]. PMID- 7300509 TI - [Effect of influenza virus on the lung tissue in the immune complex in vitro]. PMID- 7300510 TI - [Effect of the immune complex on the mobility of splenocytes and pneumocytes]. PMID- 7300511 TI - [Course of influenza virus adaptation to immunized and immunosuppressed mice]. PMID- 7300512 TI - [Non-sporulating anaerobic bacteria in appendicitis]. PMID- 7300515 TI - [Viral hepatitis--a problem under control?]. PMID- 7300514 TI - [Cryosurgery in ear-nose-throat region]. PMID- 7300513 TI - [Muscular atrophy affecting kidney function in rheumatic patients]. PMID- 7300517 TI - [New routines for prevention of postoperative infections. A review]. PMID- 7300516 TI - [An epidemic of water-borne hepatitis A]. PMID- 7300521 TI - [Ornithosis after contact with wild birds]. PMID- 7300520 TI - [Hereditary ciliary motility disorder--a survey of young people in the Northern Sweden area]. PMID- 7300518 TI - [Retrospective study of tonsillectomized patients: more liberal attitude to tonsillectomy is justified]. PMID- 7300519 TI - [Mass screening of persons handling self-copying paper]. PMID- 7300522 TI - [To work as a physician in underdeveloped countries--how much must one know?]. PMID- 7300523 TI - [Therapy of rib series fractures]. PMID- 7300524 TI - [Biomechanic examination of rib plates (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of a rib osteosynthesis is entirely the physiological restoration of the chest wall compound. Elastic rib clamps are very suitable for this purpose; rigid plates hinder the breathing movement of the ribs and often work loose. An examination meant to evaluate the best form of osteosynthesis has to consider these aspects. Crush tests of rib osteosyntheses, however, are not representative for the respiratory physiology of a stabilized thorax. PMID- 7300525 TI - [Results of operative treatment of femur fractures in polytraumatized children (author's transl)]. AB - Operative treatment of femur fractures in 20 polytraumatized children had worse after-results than conservative treatment in 14 comparable fractures except for the CCD angle. The indication for operative treatment should be made very cautiously, also in polytraumatized children. The indications are listed. The most frequency indication for operative treatment after polytrauma was long lasting severe motor agitation due to cerebral contusion. PMID- 7300526 TI - [Treatment of chronic pancreatitis by left resection of the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 143 left resections of the pancreas for chronic pancreatitis. Good late results (81% of all patients improved or symptom-free) can be obtained by this method only in corpus-cauda-pancreatitis. Because of better results the 80-95% resection should be preferred to the 40-80%-resection. In diffuse pancreatitis, however, a poor result is obtained in 55% of all operations. The same can be observed in cases where the main inflammatory lesion is located in the head of the pancreas and where in addition to the left resection an end-to-end pancreatico-jejunostomy is performed. In this case the Whipple's procedure should be preferred which can be combined with an intraoperative occlusion of the duct system in the pancreatic tail in order to prevent recidivation of pancreatitis. Contrary to the partial duodenopancreatectomy the left resection of the pancreas postoperatively leads to an increase of diabetes mellitus (41%). PMID- 7300528 TI - [Accuracy of ultrasonics in gallbladder diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Report on 158 ultrasonics findings of gallbladder diseases, all of them controlled by laparotomy. The diagnostic accuracy for stones was 99.3% with one false-positive but without any false-negative result. Because ultrasonics is a less time consuming and inexpensive method without trouble for patients, it should be used - if possible with a real-time equipment - as the first apparatively-diagnostic procedure in cases of suspected gallbladder diseases. PMID- 7300527 TI - [Choice of treatment of central talus fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Because of the anatomical and functional peculiarities of the astragallus surgical and conservative treatment of central fractures are often unsatisfactory. A follow-up study of 40 patients with 42 central talus fractures were performed over an average of 9 years after the initial trauma. The number of poor results was extremely high; only primary surgical or conservative treatment showed good or fair results. Best results were obtained by primary surgical treatment whereas fractures operated at later stages showed worse results. Therefore fresh central astragallus fractures should be operated upon, fractures older than 1 day should be treated conservatively. If a satisfactory reduction cannot be obtained, the fracture should be operated upon in order to prevent arthrosis in the upper ankle joint. PMID- 7300529 TI - Steep gradients of amino acids between cochlear endolymph and perilymph. AB - Levels of 19 free amino acids in cochlear endolymph and perilymph of scala vestibuli of the guinea pig were determined using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the o-phthaldialdehyde-ethanethiol derivatives with fluorescence detection. Aspartate and glutamate were found to be significantly higher in endolymph than in perilymph, confirming results from another study using a different analytical method. The remaining 17 amino acids were significantly lower in the endolymph, in many cases by an order of magnitude. The data are compared with results on utricular endolymph and vestibular perilymph obtained by HPLC in another study from our laboratory. Possible implications and interpretations of the results are discussed. PMID- 7300530 TI - The contralateral ear in acoustic tumors and hearing conservation. AB - Hearing conservation in acoustic tumor surgery is an admirable goal and a logical extension of micro neurotologic surgery, but ideal candidates for conservation are few, and attempts to preserve hearing in those few fail in about half of all cases. Conserved hearing most often falls far beyond a range that will provide binaural function and is, therefore, of questionable use. The problem of hearing conservation in acoustic tumor surgery is rationally approached based upon the implications of the total presurgical overview, particularly with reference to age, general health, tumor size, and especially hearing in the tumor ear, the contralateral ear, and interaural relationships. Technical considerations, the morbidity and mortality, and, finally, probability factors are reviewed from the literature, The patient's consideration regarding potentials for hearing conservation, his need for conservation, and alternative options are discussed. Rehabilitative options for unilateral hearing impairment are discussed. A review of the amplification requirements of 45 acoustic tumor patients - 5 or more years postoperative - indicated that three-quarters had normal hearing in the contralateral ear, 24% of whom required CROS amplification; 67% of the remaining quarter had mild to moderate hearing losses and were effectively wearing BiCROS aids. None were rehabilitated with monaural aids; 20% of the entire group studied had demonstrated some degree of additional hearing loss in the non-tumor ear since surgery. PMID- 7300531 TI - Central auditory battery testing in brain stem disease. AB - The CAT scan and the BERA have revolutionized the practice of otology. There is a tendency to accept a negative scan report as indicating a lack of pathology. The authors have found cases where central battery testing has indicated progressing brain stem disease in the presence of a normal CAT scan. In one case, the abnormal test preceded a hemiplegia by two weeks. This raises the possibility of delaying or aborting an infarct if the correct diagnosis is made early. PMID- 7300532 TI - Polytomography and congenital external and middle ear anomalies. PMID- 7300534 TI - Lymphatics of the floor of the mouth and neck: anatomical studies related to contralateral drainage pathways. AB - An anatomical study was made to determine the role of the regional lymphatic drainage pathways in contralateral flow from the floor of the mouth in the dog. Microsurgical techniques were used to cannulate and perfuse a lymphatic vessel. Following a two hour infusion, bilateral radical neck dissections were performed. An efferent upper jugular communicating pathway was repeatedly identified which crossed the midline and drained into the contralateral subdigastric group of nodes. These studies demonstrate a precise role for the regional lymphatic drainage pathways in contralateral flow from the floor of the mouth. PMID- 7300533 TI - Clinical electroneurography: statistical analysis of controlled measures in twenty-two normal subjects. AB - Electroneurography, an objective electrophysiologic measurement of a muscle compound action potential, is used to assess the integrity of a peripheral motor nerve. This paper describes how to perform electroneurography with particular attention to control of patient and instrumentation variables. Twenty-two normal adult subjects were tested in a balanced, designed experiment. The resultant average difference between the right and left halves of the face was not significant. The standard deviation of this difference was divided into three components: test-retest daily, and intersubject. The data suggest that the most significant source of error in electroneurography is test-retest variability (p less than 0.05) and that repeated and averaged measures on a given patient will increase the precision of the test. As further understanding and experience are gained, electroneurography measurements should be interpreted in light of clinical findings and more traditional tests. PMID- 7300536 TI - Identification of the motor laryngeal nerves - a new electrical stimulation technique. AB - Head and neck surgeons are familiar with the technique of identifying motor nerves in the head and neck region by using electrical stimulation especially in the identification of the facial and the spinal accessory nerves. The identification of the motor laryngeal nerves by electrical stimulation intra operatively has been described; but, the difficulty of visualization of intrinsic laryngeal muscle movement has prevented the wide spread use of this technique. This paper will introduce a simple, safe and reliable method to allow the surgeon to recognize true vocal cord movement while stimulating the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The movement of a two inch 27 gauge needle placed through the cricothyroid membrane into the ipsilateral true vocal cord permits identification of intrinsic laryngeal muscle movement during electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This method has been successfully used in confirming conductivity of the laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery, Zenker's diverticulum surgery, cricotracheal trauma and recurrent nerve neurectomy for spasmodic dysphonia. PMID- 7300535 TI - The eleventh nerve in radical neck surgery. AB - The greatest morbidity associated with the radical neck dissection has been the "shoulder syndrome" due to the sacrifice of the spinal accessory nerve. Despite the fact that the XIth nerve can be spared by a careful dissection of the postcervical triangle, to do so remains a controversial issue. The 125 radical neck dissections performed at the University of Wisconsin Clinical Science Center from 1970 through 1975 were carefully evaluated to determine the incidence of recurrent tumor in the operated-on neck. In 60 cases the spinal accessory nerve was resected with the neck specimen, and in 65 cases the nerve was preserved. A second study was then undertaken involving 245 neck dissections performed from 1975-1978 in the Wisconsin Head and neck Cancer Control Network Hospitals. In 69 instances the spinal accessory nerve was spared. The total number of neck dissections (370 cases) from both studies were analyzed. The overall rate for recurrent tumor in the neck with the classical neck dissection was 12%. When the spinal accessory nerve was spared, the recurrent rate was 6%. On the basis of these observations we propose that the classical neck dissection can be modified to preserve the spinal accessory nerve without jeopardizing the chances for a cure in elective neck dissections and selected therapeutic neck dissections. PMID- 7300537 TI - Stylohamular dissection: a new method for en bloc reaction of malignancies of the infratemporal fossa. AB - This study is a description of the "stylohamular" dissection, a technique for the en bloc resection of the infratemporal fossa. The medial plane of this dissection extends from the styloid process to the hamulus of the pterygoid just lateral to the foramen lacerum, allowing the surgeon to spare the internal carotid artery. The foramen ovale and foramen spinosum are routinely exposed during this procedure. Medially, the pterygoid musculature serves as the margin of the cancer block. Posteriorly, the mastoid tip may be included in this resection. Anteriorly, the lateral pterygoid plate is resected making it the anterior vertical plane of the dissection. Laterally, skin and mandible are the block margins. In the last three years, this approach has been utilized in eight patients with advance malignancies involving the infratemporal fossa. The results are encouraging. Five patients have remained well and free of disease for a maximum of three years postoperatively. Two patients have had recurrence of their tumor from six months to one year postoperatively. Palliation in all patients was excellent. The literature on various infratemporal dissections and their results is reviewed. PMID- 7300538 TI - Repair of orbital blowout fractures with Marlex mesh and Gelfilm. AB - Thirty patients with surgically treated blowout fractures are reviewed. Of these, 3 had Caldwell-Luc procedures with antral packing, 23 had allograft implantation over the orbital floor fracture, and 4 required neither implantation nor antral packing. In 11 patients, with extensive defects, Marlex mesh was employed as the only support. Gelfilm implants were placed in 7 patients with relatively smaller defects. Three patients had Selastic implants and 2 had Mersilene allografts. There were no major complications in any of the 30 patients in the series, and overall results with allograft implants were satisfactory. Properties of the various allografts and indications for their use are discussed. PMID- 7300539 TI - The free jejunal graft in head and neck reconstruction. AB - Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous surgical challenge to the Head and Neck Surgeon. Over the past 2 years the free jejunal graft with microvascular anastomosis has been used in 12 consecutive cases. Careful follow-up included not only clinical assessment, but regular radiographic evaluation, as well as fiberoptic esophagoscopy and biopsy of the jejunum. In our experience the indications for this procedure can be classified as follows: 1. Total laryngopharyngectomy and partial esophagectomy for malignancy. 2. Radical pharyngeal resection for stomal recurrence after previous failed total laryngectomy (including mediastinal dissection). 3. Persistent benign pharyngeal stricture refractory to conservative management. 4. Second stage pharyngeal reconstruction in patients with a pharyngostome and esophagostome. Aspects of the technique will be presented, as well as an analysis of the results. These results have proved most encouraging with only one absolute failure. Major advantages are a significant shortening of hospital stay and a much earlier and easier rehabilitation as compared to other methods of reconstruction. The only other significant complications in the series were stricture at the lower anastomosis and a temporary pharyngocutaneous fistula in one case. In conclusion, we at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center are of the opinion that free jejunal graft offers an excellent safe and relative easy method of pharyngeal and cervical esophageal reconstruction with significant advantages over other techniques. PMID- 7300540 TI - Selective facial neurectomy for essential blepharospasm. PMID- 7300541 TI - Subtotal laryngectomy. AB - A subtotal laryngectomy may meet the requirements of adequate tumor resection in many patients who normally would undergo total laryngectomy. The uninvolved column of innervated endolarynx sacrificed at total laryngectomy to separate the airway and the food way can be preserved to valve a speaking shunt. Such a shunt remains patent and sphincteric without the use of a prosthesis an offers consistent advantages over "post-total" laryngectomy reconstructions. This report describes the principles of subtotal laryngectomy applied in 16 patients with laryngeal or pharyngeal carcinoma. The technique ensures entry into the larynx through tumor-free soft tissues and keeps the tumor margins under direct vision thereafter. During follow-up ranging from 6 months to 6 years, fistula speech has been retained and no local tumor has recurred. PMID- 7300542 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism and laryngeal carcinoma: a cause of associated hypercalcemia. AB - Two cases of laryngeal carcinoma are presented which, upon initial evaluation, were noted to have asymptomatic hypercalcemia with no evidence of bone metastases. Exploration of the parathyroid glands at the time of definitive surgery revealed parathyroid pathology in both cases. Calcium levels returned to normal postoperatively in both cases. We conclude that in patients with head and neck cancer with hypercalcemia and no evidence of bone metastases, parathyroid pathology should be considered. Exploration of the parathyroid glands at the time of definitive surgery or as a separate procedure may prove rewarding. PMID- 7300543 TI - "How I do it" - head and neck: a targeted problem and its solution. New technique for insertion of laryngeal prosthesis. PMID- 7300544 TI - "How I do it" - otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. An alternative way of using TORP and PORP. PMID- 7300545 TI - "How I do it" - plastic surgery. Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery. The temporalis myofascial dynamic sling. PMID- 7300546 TI - [Extended resection of pancreatic and periampullar carcinoma: regional, total and partial duodenopancreatectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The prognosis of exocrine carcinoma of the pancreas is still quite bad; because of that, total duodenopancreatectomy following the procedure by Fortner has been our surgical approach since January 1978. Since that time surgery of periampullary carcinoma was extended as well in such a way, that first and second order lymph nodes were excised systematically. Following the introduction of these procedures the percentage of patients with exocrine pancreatic carcinoma operated upon rose from 12 to 35%, - the percentage of patients operated upon because of periampullary carcinoma correspondingly rose from 61 to 91% of all patients carrying these tumors. The incidence of lymphogenous metastases was 88% in 17 patients, which had surgery because of ductal pancreatic carcinoma, and 27% in 22 patients with periampullary carcinoma. 29% of patients with pT1-3 tumors and 71% of patients with pT4 tumors did have already lymphogenous metastases. In 22% of the cases, who would have been operated upon by conventional total duodenopancreatectomy metastases were found in the second order lymph nodes which were taken out according to the new more radical surgical approach; the corresponding figure for patients, who were operated upon by partial duodenopancreatectomy was 5%. Mortality of regional partial duodenopancreatectomy was 4% in our series, and mortality after regional total duodenopancreatectomy was similar to that of conventional pancreatectomy without dissection of lymph nodes. PMID- 7300547 TI - [Cystadenoma of the pancreas, a potentially malignant tumor (author's transl)]. AB - Cystadenomas occur rather rarely among the cystic lesions of the pancreas, but they nevertheless require special attention. These cystadenomas do have a tendency for malignant degeneration, especially their mucinous form with papillary proliferation of the epithelium; insofar cystadenomas have to distinguished from retention nor pseudocysts, resulting from pancreatitis or from traumatic lesions of the pancreas. Differentiation of cystadenomas and other cysts can neither be achieved by preoperative diagnostic procedures nor by macroscopic findings during surgery. Diagnosis however can be established after biopsy during surgery. A cystadenoma has to be suspected especially in women of middle age, who do not have any history of pancreatitis, abdominal trauma or alcoholism, if the lesion is localized in the corpus or tail are of the pancreas. Cystadenoma have to be treated as potentially malignant tumors. The therapy of choice is excision far out in normal tissue; this is the only way to prevent relapses and to avoid transition of the lesion into a carcinoma. Thus, it has to be postulated for all patients who are being operated upon because of cysts of the pancreas that multiple biopsies should be done from various parts of the cystic wall during surgery and that drainage of the cyst should be performed only if a cystadenoma can be excluded. PMID- 7300548 TI - [Abscess in diverticulitis]. PMID- 7300549 TI - [Adenoacanthoma of the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - Case reports are given of 5 patients with adenoacanthoma of the pancreas. Clinical aspects of this syndrome are discussed taking into account the own cases and cases reported in the literature; there are no differences of the clinical picture as compared to pancreatic carcinoma of ductal type. Surgery of this type of malignancy does not improve life expectancy, however in many cases surgery is justified because it may alleviate pain. Only 1,1-4,4% of all patients with pancreatic carcinoma do harbour adenoacanthoma - thus further case reports may contribute to better describe the clinical and pathological picture of this disease and possibly to further elucidate the pathogenesis. PMID- 7300550 TI - [Contraceptives and the liver]. AB - Among the typical complications of oral contraceptive use are intrahepatic cholestasis, occurring in women with a special and probably genetical predisposition only, and a thrombotic diathesis secondary to increased hepatocellular synthesis of coagulation factors, both effects induced by the estrogens. This state of hypercoagulability may lead to thrombosis of the hepatic veins and may thus cause the Budd-Chiari syndrome. A tendency to gallstone formation is explained by a derangement in the synthesis of bile acids and by changes in the permeability of liver cell membranes and of epithelial cells of the gallbladder, an effect again due to the estrogen component of the contraceptives. After long-term use, an increased incidence of benign liver cell adenomas is observed; malignant liver tumors do occur very rarely. A causal relationship with focal nodular hyperplasia, however, is unlikely. Only the typical vascular changes of this entity are probably due to the effects of the contraceptives. PMID- 7300552 TI - [Significance of cellularly bound immunoglobulin G in chronic hepatitis induced by hepatitis B virus (author's transl)]. AB - In vivo binding of immunoglobulin G was determined in hepatocytes of 15 patients, who suffered from hepatitis B virus induced chronic hepatitis. The incidence of hepatocytes containing immunoglobulin G bound in a granular pattern correlated positively with HBcAg within the nuclei and negatively with HBsAg in cytoplasma. The third component of complement could not be demonstrated in the hepatocytes. No correlation was found between the degree of immunoglobulin G fixation and inflammatory activity within the liver. It is suspected that immunoglobulins deposited as granula within the cell are identical with phagocytized immune complexes, which may be composed of HBcAg and anti-HBc. PMID- 7300551 TI - [Toxic and metabolic liver injury (author's transl)]. AB - Water soluble exogenous compounds are commonly excreted by the kidneys, but most of the exogenous substances are lipid soluble and have therefore first to be metabolized in the liver to water soluble compounds. Depending upon the nature of the chemical compound, the metabolism in the liver leads either to detoxification or toxification. Alcohol belongs to the most important substances which may cause severe liver injury. Alterations of the liver due to hydrocarbons as well as carcinogens, mycotoxins and thorium dioxide are relatively rare. Compounds such as analgesic and antiarrhythmic drugs, antibiotics, oral antidiabetic agents, antihypertensive and antirheumatic agents, chemotherapeutic drugs, hormones, laxatives, psychotropic drugs, thyreostatic and antineoplastic agents may also cause liver injury. For establishing the diagnosis, a detailed past history is required especially with respect to alcohol and drug consumption as well as regarding occupational exposure towards toxic compounds. Although the determination of liver enzyme activities in the serum may give some indication for liver cell injury, the histological examination of the liver by needle biopsy is required for the diagnosis. The therapy consists of the exclusion of the toxic compound and, if possible, of an increased elimination of the ingested toxins. PMID- 7300553 TI - Muscimol induced feeding: a model to study the hypothalamic regulation of appetite. PMID- 7300554 TI - Mesencephalic dopaminergic unit activity in the behaviorally conditioned rat. PMID- 7300555 TI - The induction of adenomyosis in mice by intrauterine pituitary isografts. PMID- 7300556 TI - Selective fetal malnutrition: the effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde upon in vitro uptake of alpha amino isobutyric acid by human placenta. PMID- 7300559 TI - Angiotensin stimulates oxytocin release. PMID- 7300557 TI - Effect of ethanol on glycylsarcosine absorption. PMID- 7300558 TI - Propranolol-induced alterations in the pathophysiology of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7300561 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit liver cytochrome P-448. PMID- 7300560 TI - Single unit activity of dopaminergic neurons in freely moving cuts. PMID- 7300562 TI - Inhibitory effects of dorsal horn and excitant effects of ventral horn intraspinal microinjections of norepinephrine and serotonin in the cat. PMID- 7300563 TI - Mechanism of the effect of urethane on the secretion of prolactin in the male rat. PMID- 7300564 TI - Effect of diet on the weight of brown adipose tissue in rodents. PMID- 7300566 TI - GABA in the entopeduncular nucleus and the subthalamic nucleus participates in mediating dopaminergic striatal output functions. PMID- 7300565 TI - DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), morphine and analgesia. PMID- 7300567 TI - Effect of gut regulatory peptides of intestinal luminal fluid in the rat. PMID- 7300568 TI - Species difference of glucagon-like materials in the brain. PMID- 7300569 TI - 3H-Noradrenaline metabolism in the isolated epididymal and prostatic portions of the rat vas deferens. PMID- 7300571 TI - Effects of beta-bungarotoxin and taipoxin on contractions of canine airways caused by nerve stimulation. PMID- 7300570 TI - Protection and induced reactivation of cholinesterase by HS-6 in rabbits exposed to soman. PMID- 7300572 TI - Effects of eating bananas on plasma free and sulfate-conjugated catecholamines. PMID- 7300573 TI - Rat carotid body catecholamines determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7300574 TI - Catabolism of adenine nucleotides in adenosine deaminase deficient erythrocytes. PMID- 7300575 TI - In vivo metabolism of a new class of biologically active phospholipids: 1-alkyl-2 acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a platelet activating-hypotensive phospholipid. PMID- 7300576 TI - Central herpes virus infection: altered toxicity to D-amphetamine sulfate. PMID- 7300577 TI - Spontaneous and depolarization-induced efflux of hypotaurine from mouse cerebral cortex slices: comparison with taurine and GABA. PMID- 7300578 TI - Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in mouse brain. PMID- 7300579 TI - Serotonin receptor interactions of harmaline and several related beta-carbolines. PMID- 7300580 TI - On the instability of secretin. PMID- 7300581 TI - Synthesis, biological and immunochemical properties of analogues of secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP): the vasectrins. PMID- 7300582 TI - Direct binding of 3H-lisuride to adrenergic and serotonergic receptors. PMID- 7300584 TI - Effectors of lipoprotein lipase secretion from isolated cardiac muscle cells incubated in vitro. PMID- 7300583 TI - Dopamine and its metabolites in human peripheral nerves: is there a widely distributed system of peripheral dopaminergic nerves? PMID- 7300585 TI - Nucleoside uptake by rat retina cells. PMID- 7300586 TI - Metabolism and uptake of L-pipecolic acid by brain and heart. PMID- 7300587 TI - Red cell free polyamine concentrations in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 7300588 TI - GABA stimulation of 3H-diazepam binding in aged mice. PMID- 7300589 TI - Metabolism of fatty acids in rat brain microsomal membranes. AB - Using a technique in which substrate fatty acids are incorporated into microsomal membranes followed by comparison of their rates of desaturation with those of exogenous added fatty acids, it has been found that the desaturation rate may be greater for the membrane-bound substrate than for the added fatty acid. Moreover, the product of the membrane-bound substrate is incorporated into membrane phospholipid whereas the product of the exogenous substrate is found in di- and triacylglycerols and in free fatty acids, as well. These and other findings point to a normal sequence of reaction of membrane lipids with membrane-bounds substrates involving transfer of fatty acid from phospholipid to the coupled enzyme systems without facile equilibration with the free fatty acid pool. PMID- 7300590 TI - Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity during experimental cholelithiasis. AB - The accumulation of (1-palmitoyl)lysophosphatidylcholine, lysolecithin, in gallbladder bile was observed during the first week of cholesterol-induced experimental cholelithiasis using the prairie dog model for cholesterol gallstone formation. Gallbladder fluid transport function decreased as bile lysolecithin concentration increased. These observations suggest that lysolecithin plays an important, early role in the etiology of gallstone disease. Furthermore, the relative activities of hepatic and gallbladder mucosa lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and acylcoenzyme a hydrolases may be responsible for the turnover of gallbladder bile lysolecithin. PMID- 7300591 TI - Ceramide structure of sphingomyelin from human milk fat globule membrane. AB - Sphingomyelin was purified from human milk fat globule membrane and submitted to phospholipase C to yield ceramide. The structure of this ceramide was investigated by gas liquid chromatographic analyses of its components, fatty acids and sphingoid bases. The structure of the native ceramide was confirmed by direct-inlet mass spectrometry. It was shown to contain a major base C18 sphingosine associated with a high proportion (60%) of C20, C22, C24 and C24:1 nonhydroxylated fatty acids. As these very long-chain fatty acids might be of nutritive importance, the concentration of sphingomyelin in human mild and its distribution in cream and skim milk were established. PMID- 7300592 TI - Effects of clofibrate and tiadenol on the elimination of lipids and bile acids in rat bile. AB - The aim of the work presented here was to compare the biliary elimination of cholesterol and the different bile acids of rats that had been made hypolipidemic by short-term treatments with clofibrate or tiadenol. Both treatments induced a significant decrease in cholesterol output in the bile. The analysis of the different bile acids showed a decrease in dihydroxylated acids elimination (especially CDC acid) without any difference between the 2 sexes. This decrease was associated with an increase in cholic acid excretion. These results are directly correlated with the dose of the administered hypolipidemic drug. The drugs caused as significant increase in the ratio of trihydroxylated acids of the bile and on the output was obtained, for both drugs, with a treatment of 200 mg/kg/day. Clofibrate had a greater effect than tiadenol at this dose. Both drugs show a greater effect on lowering serum lipid levels in female animals when compared to males, whereas elimination of bile cholesterol and modifications of bile acids were greater in male animals than female animals. PMID- 7300593 TI - Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis from specifically labeled leucine by isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes isolated from female rats meal-fed a high-glucose diet were incubated in Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate medium containing 16.5 mM glucose, 3H2O, and 14C labeled amino acids (-)-Hydroxycitrate depressed the incorporation of 3H2O and [14C] alanine into fatty acids and cholesterol. Incorporation of [U-14C]leucine into lipids was not affected but incorporation of 3H2O into lipids was decreased significantly by (-)-hydroxycitrate. (-)-Hydroxycitrate depressed the incorporation of radioactivity from [2-14C]leucine into fatty acids and cholesterol by 61 and 38%, respectively, and stimulated the incorporation of radioactivity from [4,5-3H]leucine 35 and 28%. As [2-14C]leucine labels the acetyl-CoA pool and [4,5-3H]leucine labels the acetoacetate pool, it was concluded that mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA is not incorporated intact into cholesterol, and that acetoacetate can be activated effectively in the liver cytosol for support of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 7300594 TI - Aqueous lipid phases of relevance to intestinal fat digestion and absorption. AB - The phase behavior of monoglyceride/water systems, with oleic and linoleic acid as the dominating fatty acid residues, was investigated. Increased solubilization of triglycerides (oil) or oleic acid in the cubic liquid-crystalline phase formed by monoglyceride and water resulted in the formation of a reversed hexagonal liquid-crystalline phase followed by an L2-phase. The liquid-crystalline phases have different dispersion properties compared to each other in dilute micellar bile salt solutions. The cubic phase is found to be easily dispersed. The relevance of aqueous lipid phases other than micellar is discussed in relation to intestinal lipid digestion and absorption. PMID- 7300595 TI - Desaturation of endogenous and exogenous palmitate in lung tissue in vitro. AB - lung slices from rats fed a fat-free diet supplemented with safflower oil (control) or tripalmitoylglycerol (essential fatty acid [EFA]-deficient) were incubated with [14C]acetate, [14C]palmitate, or [14C]stearate. Of the 14C recovered in phospholipids after incubation with [14C]acetate, more than 87% was in 16-carbon fatty acids. Desaturation, as assayed by the percentage of radioactivity in monoenoates in phospholipid fatty acids, was generally double in EFA-deficient slices compared to control slices, regardless of substrate. Desaturation was significantly greater in slices incubated with with acetate or octanoate compared to palmitate, indicating that endogenously synthesized palmitate was desaturated more actively than that derived from an exogenous source. PMID- 7300597 TI - On the occurrence of alpha-tocopherolquinone in rat tissue. PMID- 7300596 TI - Zinc deficiency increases the rate of delta 6 desaturation of linoleic acid in rat mammary tissue. AB - The effect of zinc deficiency on the delta 6-desaturation of [1-14C]linoleic acid was studied in mammary tissue microsomes from lactating rats. The rats were maintained on zinc-adequate (20 ppm zinc) or zinc-deficient (10 ppm zinc changing to 0.5 ppm zinc during last trimester) diets throughout gestation and for the first 3 days of lactation. Mammary tissue microsomes were incubated with [1 14C]linoleic acid and other samples of mammary tissue, mammary milk and the milk in the stomachs of the pups were analyzed for total fatty acid composition. In mammary microsomes from zinc-deficient rats, delta 6-desaturation of linoleic acid was 3.4 times greater than in microsomes from zinc-adequate rats. This change in metabolism of linoleic acid was reflected by comparable changes in the relative tissue and milk composition of linoleic and arachidonic acids and in the ratios of palmitic to palmitoleic acid, stearic to oleic acid and linoleic and arachidonic acid. PMID- 7300598 TI - [Clinical and Radiological characteristics and planning the radiotherapy of inoperable endometrial cancer]. PMID- 7300599 TI - [Gamma-teletherapy of neoplasm metastases to retroperitoneal lymph nodes]. PMID- 7300600 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in the evaluation of the effectiveness of radiotherapy of lung cancer]. PMID- 7300601 TI - [Frequency of complications and long-term results of combination treatment of cervix neoplasms]. PMID- 7300603 TI - [Radiation injuries of the bones during treatment of uterine cancer]. PMID- 7300602 TI - [Interstitial gamma-therapy of cancer of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity]. PMID- 7300604 TI - [Hepatobiliscintigraphy with 99mTc-HIDA]. PMID- 7300605 TI - [Complex radionuclide study of the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system in autonomous thyroid adenomas]. PMID- 7300607 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 133mBa as a bone-seeking agent]. PMID- 7300606 TI - [Radiation dosage to the patient in computed body tomography]. PMID- 7300609 TI - [Thermographic changes in head and neck neoplasms following cryotherapy]. PMID- 7300608 TI - [Principles of radionuclide studies in emergency conditions]. PMID- 7300610 TI - [Use of a radiobiological model for selecting the order of alternating the tumor irradiation fields]. PMID- 7300611 TI - [Radiation pathomorphosis of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 7300613 TI - [Roentgenological evaluation of cardiac function in the radiation treatment of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7300612 TI - [X-ray therapy effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7300614 TI - [5-year results of radiation therapy under hyperbaric oxygenation in malignant tumors]. PMID- 7300615 TI - [Immunological tests in assessing different doses for preoperative radiation therapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7300620 TI - [Radiation therapy of metastatic brain tumors]. PMID- 7300618 TI - [Determination of the latent period in radiation cataracts]. PMID- 7300619 TI - [Measurements of the dosimetric characteristics of x-ray radiation]. PMID- 7300616 TI - [Glycosaminoglycan metabolic disorder in skeletal radiation injury]. PMID- 7300617 TI - [Immunological changes in combined exposure to chronic gamma irradiation in small doses and to toxic substances]. PMID- 7300621 TI - [Radiation therapy of neuroleukemia]. PMID- 7300622 TI - [Microsurgical instruments and their manufacturing development prospects]. PMID- 7300624 TI - [Current tasks of creating mechanized instruments for medical practice]. PMID- 7300623 TI - [Prospects for dental instrumentation development]. PMID- 7300625 TI - [Technical progress in the manufacture of medical instruments and equipment]. PMID- 7300628 TI - [Measures for raising the level of metrology support in medical instrument manufacture]. PMID- 7300626 TI - [Stainless steels for medical instruments]. AB - Both in the USSR and abroad similar types of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel are used for the manufacture of medical instruments. Martensitic steel, the cheapest and most economically alloyed, has the best combination of properties necessary for medical instruments. The analysis of the Soviet and foreign experience in using different grades of steel for the production of medical instruments demonstrates the expediency and possibility of improving the quality of martensitic steel and rolled stock, as well as that of medical instruments manufactured from these materials, by improving, the operations of the metallurgical and technological processes and by specifying more precisely the requirements for medical instruments. The possibility and expediency of using, in some technically justified cases, lower grades of alloyed steel instead of grade 12X18H9T for clamps and other instruments made of stainless steel, as well as highly corrosive grades of steel for microinstruments, have been established. PMID- 7300627 TI - [Hardening of dental instruments]. AB - The possibility of prolonging the service life of stomatological instruments by the local hardening of their working parts is discussed. Such hardening should be achieved by using hard and wear-resistant materials. The examples of hardening dental elevators and hard-alloy dental drills are given. New trends in the local hardening of instruments are the treatment of their working parts with laser beams, the application of coating on their surface by the gas-detonation method. The results of research work and trials are presented. PMID- 7300629 TI - [Apparatus for the surgical treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 7300630 TI - [Methods of attaching traction devices to the spine in the corrective treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 7300631 TI - [Design and functional characteristics of the UG-70 suturing device]. PMID- 7300632 TI - [Suturing apparatus for papillosphincteroplasty]. PMID- 7300633 TI - [Instrument set for operations on the mandible]. PMID- 7300634 TI - [Ocular microretractor]. PMID- 7300635 TI - [Kidney pedicle clamps (pediatric)]. PMID- 7300636 TI - [Cryogenic ENT applicator]. AB - A cryogenic ENT applicator, model K-22 has been designed and recommended for clinical use. The applicator unit comprises an independent container filled with liquid nitrogen and connected to a cooling tip 2 mm in diameter by capillary tubes. The applicator is used for the destruction of neoplasms by cryogenic action in hardly accessible places in the aural, pharyngeal and nasal cavities. The applicator is easy to sue, has a small size and weight and allows a good survey of the operative field. It can be used in hospital and in outpatient clinics. PMID- 7300638 TI - [Modern research trends in the field of medical instrumentation]. PMID- 7300637 TI - [Cryomedical apparatus]. PMID- 7300639 TI - [Epidemiology and diagnosis of early summer meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7300640 TI - [Clinical aspects of so-called spontaneous intracerebral hematoma]. PMID- 7300641 TI - [The initial granulocytosis of the lung following a shock state. Causes and development]. PMID- 7300642 TI - [Transperitoneal resorption of oxacillin, azlocillin and sisomicin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in patients with and without peritonitis]. PMID- 7300643 TI - [Why are public health programs and principles not better received by the public?]. PMID- 7300644 TI - [Hyperfibrinolysis syndrome in paraproteinemia (IgG)]. PMID- 7300645 TI - [Causes and therapy of extrahepatic obstructive icterus. Report on 970 cases]. PMID- 7300646 TI - [Differential indications for different procedures for the correction of water electrolyte balance]. PMID- 7300647 TI - [Comparative antibacterial effect of azlocillin, ticarcillin and carbenicillin on pseudomonas bacteria]. PMID- 7300648 TI - [Genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and ethics. Position in the publication of the Scientific Committee of German Physicians "Genetic Counseling and prenatal diagnosis in West Germany"]. PMID- 7300651 TI - [The "hygienic examination" in the realm of state recognition procedures for health resorts]. PMID- 7300650 TI - [On a further apparent death in Baden-Wurttemberg]. PMID- 7300649 TI - [What value (risks) do today's modern possibilities of contraception have?]. PMID- 7300652 TI - [Problems of chronic invagination ileus]. PMID- 7300653 TI - [Dumping syndrome after esophagoplasty using the jejunum]. PMID- 7300654 TI - [A solitary malignant schwannoma of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7300655 TI - [Significance of roentgen diagnosis in traffic accident research]. PMID- 7300656 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis and therapy of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 7300657 TI - [Behavior of psychophysical test parameters in sympathomimetic therapy. Results of a double blind study]. PMID- 7300658 TI - [Therapy of Echinococcus multilocularis disease with mebendazole]. PMID- 7300659 TI - [Liver cancer in the rainbow trout. Its sudden appearance and its quick disappearance in West Germany 1968-1973--its cause and its control]. PMID- 7300660 TI - [Effect of diuretics on the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 7300662 TI - [The so-called gastritis cystica polyposa]. PMID- 7300661 TI - [Differential use of apolipoproteins and lipoproteins as discriminators for atherogenic risk]. PMID- 7300663 TI - [Premature separation of the placenta in the 37th pregnancy week as a result of an ileus in pregnancy]. PMID- 7300664 TI - [Ear damage in diving simulation attempt in high pressure chambers]. PMID- 7300665 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis after N-propyl-ajmaline. A case report]. PMID- 7300666 TI - [On the relationship between occasional seizures in alcoholics and the brain atrophy process]. PMID- 7300667 TI - [Glucose tolerance and electrocardiographic findings in occupants of middle age in a village on Crete]. PMID- 7300668 TI - [Society, illness panorama and therapeutic possibilities in change before the background of sensors and reactors to this change: our brain (II)]. PMID- 7300669 TI - [Aspects of rationalization of health political decision making]. PMID- 7300670 TI - [Idiopathic choledochus cyst as a cause for juvenile jaundice]. PMID- 7300671 TI - [School problems--problems for the pediatrist and the physician for adolescents. Tasks for the non-specialized school physician]. PMID- 7300672 TI - [Juvenile alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 7300673 TI - [Non-secreting immunocytoma. 3 Long-term studies]. PMID- 7300674 TI - [Adolescent sex]. PMID- 7300677 TI - Use of 125I-labeled anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibodies as a general tracer in solid-phase radioimmunoassays. PMID- 7300675 TI - Provisional patient movement and selective administrative data, state and county mental hospitals, by state: United States, 1977. PMID- 7300676 TI - Unduplicated counts of persons receiving care in psychiatric facilities in Monroe County, New York. PMID- 7300678 TI - Effect of catalytic hydrogenation of cellular lipid and fatty acid on the susceptibility of tumor cells to humoral immune killing. PMID- 7300679 TI - Quantitation of antibodies immobilized on plastics. PMID- 7300680 TI - Radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones using killed Staphylococcus aureus as a separating agent. PMID- 7300681 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay for the specific and quantitative determination of endorphins and related peptides. PMID- 7300682 TI - Qualitative and quantitative analyses of arachidonic acid metabolites by combined high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7300683 TI - Preparation of monoclonal antibodies: strategies and procedures. PMID- 7300684 TI - Quantitation of antigens by densitometric scanning of immunoelectrophoretic precipitates. PMID- 7300685 TI - Methods for binding cells to plastic: application to solid phase immunoassays for cell-surface antigens. PMID- 7300686 TI - Production of antisera with small doses of immunogen: multiple intradermal injections. PMID- 7300687 TI - Production of specific antisera by immunization with precipitin lines. PMID- 7300688 TI - Production of antibodies. Polymers for the sustained release of macromolecules: their use in a single-step method of immunization. PMID- 7300689 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulins and influenza antibodies. PMID- 7300690 TI - Preparation and radioimmunoassay of IgM domains. PMID- 7300691 TI - Development and clinical application of radioimmunoassay techniques for measuring low levels of immunoglobulin classes G, A, M, D, and E in cerebrospinal and other body fluids. PMID- 7300692 TI - Interaction of phospholipid vesicles with rat hepatocytes: further characterization of vesicle-cell surface interaction; use of serum as a physiological modulator. AB - We investigated the interaction of small unilamellar phospholipid vesicle, containing the water-soluble fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein (CF), with rat hepatocytes in vitro. Fetal calf serum (FCS) was previously shown to interfere with hepatocyte-vesicle interaction using egg-lecithin as a liposomal marker [Hoekstra, D., Scherphof, G (1979): Biochim, biophys, Acta 551, pp. 109-121.] We now demonstrate that FCS affects the binding of intact vesicles to the cell surface, as well as the transfer of individual lipid molecules between vesicles and cells. By contrast, transfer of the entrapped fluorophore from the vesicles to the interior of the cell is unaffected. These observations lead us to suggest that the sites on the surface of the hepatocyte at which stable adsorption, the transfer of vesicle contents, and the transfer of individual phospholipid molecules take place are, at least kinetically, not identical. The potential importance of the inhibitory effect of serum on defined steps in the process of vesicle-cell interaction is emphasized. PMID- 7300693 TI - Electron cytochemical determinations of periodic acid-reactive sites in Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Electron cytochemical determinations of periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PATAg)-reactive sites in the vegetative and reproductive cells of the pathogenic dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, are described an illustrated by electron micrographs. Ultrastructural sites of PATAg-reactive substances were detected at the plasma membrane, along various cytomembranes of the cytoplasm, and in aggregates of storage material believed to be partly composed of glycogen or a glycogen-like polymer. Cell walls were either minimally or negatively stained. The positive staining of PATAg-reactive sites was eliminated by use of the aldehyde-blocking agent sodium borohydride. The limiting membrane and matrix of Woronin bodies seen at the hyphal cell septum were devoid of PATAg reactivity. PMID- 7300694 TI - A study of the action of a bisquaternary ammonium salt, an amine oxide and an alkoxy phenylcarbamic acid ester on some metabolic functions in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Aspects of the mode of action of three antibacterial agents, N,N'-bis (dodecyldimethyl)-1,2-ethane diammonium dibromide (BDED), 2-piperidinoethyl-4 heptyloxyphenylcarbamate hydrochloride (XXI) and 1-dodecylpiperidine N-oxide (DPNO) against Staphylococcus aureus have been examined. Their ability to modify respiration, proton translocation, potassium leakage and ATP synthesis are reported. In all cases there was a striking correspondence between the minimum inhibitory concentration and the dose level which completely prevented ATP synthesis. It is suggested that for these three chemically distinct molecules, bacteriostasis can be equated to a loss of the cell's ability to synthesize ATP, which, in turn, may stem from an uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7300695 TI - The respiration pathways of wild-type and petite mutants of Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - The existence of two alternative respiration pathways in Kluyveromyces lactis has been confirmed. Both pathways may be demonstrated in petite mutants of this yeast, suggesting that the major components in these pathways have an extramitochondrial origin. The antimycin A insensitive/sodium azide insensitive pathway (pathway I) is abolished by glucose repression of this yeast, whereas the antimycin A insensitive/sodium azide sensitive pathway (pathway II) is unaffected by this treatment. In K. lactis wild-type cells, the antimycin A insensitive/sodium azide sensitive respiration pathway (pathway II) is inhibited by salicyl hydroxamic acid, and this inhibition may be overcome upon addition of exogenous Fe3+ ions. This pathway in petite cells is unaffected by the presence of this inhibitor. The possible reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 7300696 TI - An universal and accurate replica technique for scanning electron microscope study in clinical dentistry. AB - One of the main concerns of dental research is the observation of the oral tissues and the materials applied to the dentition. The changes in composition and structure of the outer surfaces and the materials deposited on these surfaces are of special interest. In the literature, a variety of replica techniques for these purposes is described (Grundy in 1971 [12]; Saxton in 1973 [25]). The use of these techniques is limited because of artifacts in the samples, and a restricted resolution power resulting from useful magnifications in the order of 800x. An accurate and universal replica technique for the examination of specimens to be viewed under the SEM has been developed. The first impression is made by a light body silicone elastomer (President Coltene). The positive replica is made by electrodeposition of copper in an electro plating bath (Acru plat 5 electronic, Dr. Th. Wieland, D-7530 Pforzheim). The reliability and accuracy of this replica technique was verified by a scanning electron microscopic comparison of the replicas and the actual structures of etched enamel. To illustrate the applicability of the replica technique to structures with much lower hardness, also high resolution images of dental plaque were produced. The copper surface offers a perfect, original and proper electroconductive medium that withstands the bombardment of electrons and the relatively severe conditions in the scanning electron microscope. Reproducibility was accurate as judged by the duplication in position, size, and shape of the fine detail at magnifications of 7500x offering a resolution of 25 nm. PMID- 7300697 TI - Surgeons look at medical instrumentation in the twentieth century: progress, problems, and prospects. Part I. AB - To obtain expert opinions as to the great medical breakthroughs of the twentieth century and of the decade of the seventies, personal letters were sent to 683 leading surgeons of the United States and Canada. Letters lost or returned by the post office reduced the survey to 487. There were some 320 immediate responses (66%). Additional inquiries solicited by respondents brought the total to 428. The CT scanner, "computers," and biocompatible materials were the medical breakthroughs most frequently mentioned. The patterns of research and development appear to have changed from small operation of innovator/engineer/manufacturer of important devices and components to large operations embracing many sophisticated disciplines, devices, and components. The transition has been and is being expedited by voluntary consensus standards. The pattern of the late twentieth century breakthroughs is likely to extend this integrated multidisciplinary mode further. Likely areas are the dynamic spatial reconstructors, DNA engineering, artificial blood, nerve and spinal cord bridges, and new communication modes. PMID- 7300698 TI - High-frequency ventilation: a promising new approach to mechanical ventilation. AB - Adequate pulmonary ventilation can be achieved in experimental animals and in humans using tidal volumes on the order of the anatomic dead space volume applied at very high ventilatory frequencies (3-30 Hz). Classical mechanism of gas exchange cannot account for these paradoxical observations, but theories based on the concept of augmented diffusion may provide an adequate explanation for this phenomenon. Even though the exact mechanisms accounting for gas exchange are not well understood, a number of successful ventilators have been designed and tested based on the concept of small volume/high frequency ventilation. The differences among these various ventilators are compared and contrasted and possible clinical uses of the technique are discussed. PMID- 7300699 TI - Ambulatory ECG recordings: a spectrum of technology. AB - A four-tiered approach to data reduction-observer analysis, semi-automated scanning, automated scanning, and computer applications-of ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings is now possible as a result of refinements in technology. Clinical circumstances, cost, and requirements of the involved institution or laboratory will dictate to what extent more advanced technology is needed. Although computer application will increase the detection sensitivity of ectopic beats, sophisticated, costly systems are still required for the analysis of high-frequency ectopic activity tapes. PMID- 7300700 TI - Cardiac nuclear medicine, part II: diagnosis of coronary artery disease. AB - Diagnosing coronary artery disease is difficult and requires careful consideration of the roles and limitations of the tests used. Standard ECG tests are not reliable indicators of the presence of disease in asymptomatic patients. Thallium stress testing to assess ischemia and exercise ventriculography to assess functional status of the heart are limited in sensitivity and specificity. This is the second of a three-part series on cardiac nuclear medicine. Part I (Med. Instrum., May-June, 1981) focused on the commonly used examinations in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Part III will focus on myocardial infarction and other cardiac diseases. PMID- 7300701 TI - Complications of and improvements in pneumatic tourniquets used in surgery. AB - In North America, it is estimated that at least 10,000 pneumatic tourniquets are used in more than 1 million surgical procedures annually. The increasingly widespread use of pneumatic tourniquets in surgery of the extremities has been accompanied by continuing reports of injuries. Interest in tourniquet-induced complications has recently increased because of concern about potential legal liability. Results are presented from the investigation of 15 cases of complications suspected of being associated with the use of pneumatic tourniquets over an 18-month period. Factors leading to tourniquet-induced complications are identified, difficulties preventing an accurate estimate of the true incidence of such complications are reviewed, and the key elements of a program of inspections aimed at periodically assessing the safety and performance of pneumatic tourniquets are outlined. To reduce the hazards associated with the use of pneumatic tourniquets, a new microprocessor-based tourniquet is being developed. Initial results on a series of 30 patients indicate that the new microprocessor based tourniquet-in addition to being significantly safer, more accurate, and more reliable-will considerably reduce operating costs by reducing the labor intensiveness currently associated with tourniquet usage. PMID- 7300702 TI - Blood: what's new and over the horizon. AB - The ever-increasing demand for blood and blood products has resulted in extensive and accelerated research in the area of blood replacement. Improvements have been made in techniques for prolonging the shelf life of blood. Autotransfusion, a concept originating the early 1800s, has been refined and advanced to a point where it is a safe and efficacious method of supplying blood for patients needing emergency or elective procedures. In addition, oxygen-carrying artificial blood substitutes, specifically perfluorocarbons and stroma-free hemoglobin, are currently under investigation. The area of blood replacement holds many exciting prospects both now and for the future. PMID- 7300703 TI - Strategic environment facing health industries in the 1980s. PMID- 7300704 TI - Quality assurance in the central service department. PMID- 7300705 TI - Comparison of indapamide with thiazide diuretics in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The effect of the new diuretic antihypertensive drug, indapamide (2.5 mg a day), was compared with the effect of thiazide diuretics in 24 patients with hypertension (seven of whom were receiving a diuretic alone, six were taking a beta-blocker plus a diuretic, and 11 received other combinations of drugs, including a diuretic in all cases). The randomized crossover study with two six week phases indicated that indapamide is an effective hypotensive agent with potency similar to that of the thiazide diuretics in lowering the blood pressure and in increasing the excretion of potassium. PMID- 7300706 TI - Infant feeding and child health. PMID- 7300707 TI - The pharmacist's tasks. PMID- 7300708 TI - Re-animation of the face. PMID- 7300709 TI - Psychologists and psychiatrists. PMID- 7300710 TI - Antihypertensive effect of thiazides. PMID- 7300712 TI - Evaluation of health care--an Australian perspective. PMID- 7300711 TI - Test your diagnostic skill: tuberculosis of the central nervous system. PMID- 7300713 TI - Comparison of births to Aboriginal and Caucasian mothers in Western Australia. AB - Live births and stillbirths to Aboriginal and Caucasian mothers in the period from 1975 to 1978 were studied, using the Western Australian Midwives Notification of Birth forms, Perinatal Death Certificates and Hospital Morbidity data. Aboriginal mothers were younger, shorter, had higher fertility, and were more likely to be grand multiparae than Caucasian mothers. Aboriginal infants were lighter and shorter than Caucasian infants. The adverse birthweight distribution of Aboriginal infants (13% weighed less than or equal to 2500 grams) accounted for the major part of the excess in the Aboriginal perinatal mortality rate, which was double that for Caucasians. The Aboriginal stillbirth rate appeared to be falling, while neonatal mortality remained high. Health services' preventive programmes, aimed at correction of the adverse birthweight distribution in the Aboriginal population, would be a major step towards the reduction of perinatal mortality in this group. PMID- 7300714 TI - Effectiveness of computed tomography in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscess: A review of 111 patients. AB - Computed tomography detected intra-abdominal abscess with 97% accuracy in 111 patients who underwent 135 separate scans. A true negative ratio of 0.98, and a true positive ratio of 0.96 was obtained. Further important findings, unrelated to the presence of abscesses, were detected in 41 of the 135 scans. The information given by computed tomography significantly modified clinical management in over 55% of studies performed. PMID- 7300715 TI - Cutaneous malignant melanoma in South Australia: the main features. AB - New cases of primary cutaneous melanoma occurring in South Australia in a period of 12 months were studied. The main clinical and pathological features are reported. The incidence is high, but is much less than that reported in Queensland in 1977. Some differences from the Queensland study, concerning the age, sex and site distribution, have been noted, but generally these features are quite comparable. All major pathological types of malignant melanoma occur in South Australia, with a marked preponderance of the superficial spreading type. On the basis of level of invasion and thickness, more than half of the tumours have a good prognosis. The most common reason for excision of melanomas was the observation of a change in the lesion, but some were excised after incidental recognition by a medical practitioner during medical examination for other reasons. PMID- 7300717 TI - Determination of fetal sex with ultrasound. AB - In a consecutive series of 137 pregnancies scanned at 24 weeks' gestation or later, the sex of 66% of infants was determined with a 2% error rate. By means of ultrasound examinations, parents may now be offered the opportunity of knowing the sex of their baby before delivery. PMID- 7300718 TI - Site of care and survival after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The effect of admission of different types of unit (coronary care, mixed intensive care, medical ward) on survival after documented acute myocardial infarction was examined in nine public hospitals in Queensland. Australia Among 466 subjects, the over-all crude case fatality rate (CFR) was 20.0%. The CFR, after admission to a coronary care unit (CCU), was 18.3%, to an intensive care unit (ICU), 16.1%, and to wards, 25.3%. Adjustment by a multivariate prognostic score gave standardized CFRs of 19.4% (CCU), 16.3% (ICU) and 23.8% (ward). The relative risk of dying (with 95% confidence limits) for CCU/ICU admissions combined, compared with ward admissions, was 0.67 (0.47 to 0.97) (crude), and 0.78 (0.61 to 1.00) (adjusted for prognostic score). The lowered mortality rates among infarct patients who received special care were most marked among those under 60 years of age. These data indicate that subjects who received special care had an increased survival period after myocardial infarction compared with those admitted to medical wards. However, this study provides no support for establishing a CCU in those provincial hospitals which have an adequate number of ICU beds available for the treatment of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7300716 TI - Nutritional megaloblastic anaemia in a young woman. AB - A young Australian woman developed a severe nutritional megaloblastic anaemia due to poor intake of vitamin B12 and, possibly, of folic acid. Simple dietary advice resulted in an adequate intake of vitamin B12 and folic acid, and in maintenance of normal serum levels of both vitamins. PMID- 7300719 TI - Neonatal listeriosis: a summer outbreak. AB - Neonatal listeriosis, a condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, has been reported infrequently in Australia, with only seven isolated cases appearing in the literature. This paper describes 12 cases of neonatal listeriosis diagnosed in two Western Australian hospitals in the 22 months after January, 1978. These were the only cases diagnosed at these hospitals between 1970 and December, 1980. The early onset form of the disease was diagnosed in 11 infants, a group characterized by the frequent associations of low birthweight (mean, 1805 g; range, 1200 g to 2670 g), preterm delivery (gestational age: mean, 33 weeks; range, 28 weeks to 38 weeks), maternal fever at the onset of labour, meconium-stained liquor, low Apgar scores, respiratory distress and septicaemia. The delayed-onset form was diagnosed in one full-term infant (birth-weight, 3050 g) with probable meningitis at one week of age. The over-all mortality rate of 17% was low, perhaps as a result of the early institution of treatment and prompt transfer to a neonatal intensive care unit. Ten of the 12 cases presented during the hottest, driest period of the year. No other common epidemiological factor was identified. PMID- 7300720 TI - Alcohol in association with suicide and attempted suicide in young women. AB - The use of alcohol in suicidal behaviour in young women, aged from 18 to 30 years, does not appear to be exceptional when compared to reports of its general community use. Significantly fewer patients who made suicide attempts with a high physical risk to life reported the use of alcohol either in general, or with their suicide attempt. Although it has long been assumed that alcohol bears a causal relationship to suicidal behaviour, inquiry into specific groups of suicidal subjects appears to be indicated. PMID- 7300721 TI - Evaluation of home glucose measuring devices. AB - A large number of glucose-monitoring systems suitable for home use are now available. The Glucochek, an early model (Mk I) and a later (Mk II), the Stan Clark RAHC, the Glucometer, and 20-800 BM glycemie strips were evaluated with regard to accuracy, precision, model variability and operator variability before a particular system was recommended for patient use. Whole blood glucose, on samples samples taken in the Diabetic Clinic of The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, was measured with the system under test and in the Biochemistry Department. Accuracy was indicated by the mean of the differences between the two results, and precision by the standard deviation of these differences-the closer these results to zero, the better the system. The 20-800 BM Glycemia strips gave the best results in the hands of an experienced operator, but showed the greatest interoperator differences. These differences decreased when a machine-based system was employed. The Glucochek Mk I did not perform satisfactorily. All the systems tested showed a marked decrease in accuracy and precision when blood glucose levels were greater than 15.0 mmol/L. These results show that a machine is not a necessary part of a home glucose-monitoring system; that patients on home glucose-monitoring must be trained and their results checked against a reference method initially and, ideally, at regular intervals; that home glucose monitoring in patients with marked hyperglycaemia unreliable. PMID- 7300722 TI - CEA testing in colorectal cancer. PMID- 7300723 TI - Low zinc levels in Aborigines. PMID- 7300724 TI - Nutritional advice during pregnancy. PMID- 7300725 TI - Endometriosis. PMID- 7300726 TI - Prisoners of war: long-term effects. PMID- 7300727 TI - Devil apple extract and skin cancer. PMID- 7300728 TI - Possible hazard of sleep-apnoea monitoring in infants. PMID- 7300729 TI - Microcomputers in general practice. PMID- 7300730 TI - Primary care in public hospitals. PMID- 7300731 TI - Diaphragm failure. PMID- 7300732 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis of childhood appendicectomy infection. PMID- 7300733 TI - Febrile reaction to silver sulphadiazine cream. PMID- 7300734 TI - Drugs-addicts help themselves. PMID- 7300735 TI - Fixed-combination diuretic preparations. PMID- 7300736 TI - Use of Guanabenz in hypertension. PMID- 7300737 TI - Confusion, coma, and death from a preventable disease. PMID- 7300739 TI - Proving consent. PMID- 7300738 TI - Hospital accreditation in Australia evaluating health care. AB - The paper examines in detail the accreditation process, the accreditation process, the accreditation decision, as well as the membership, structure, function and standards of The Australian Council on Hospital Standards. It demonstrates that the concept of peer review of hospital professionals is an important and increasingly accepted method of evaluating the standards of hospital care in Australia. PMID- 7300740 TI - Sibling reaction to cot death. AB - Forty-nine children (from 23 families) were assessed during the nine months after the death of a sibling from cot death (SIDS). The death had a major impact on the surviving siblings of all ages, and commonly resulted in difficulties in coping. Feelings of guilt, anger, anxiety and sadness frequently led to behavioural and physical symptoms; but some children without major symptoms were also felt to have significant psychological and emotional difficulties. Explanations given to many of the children were confusing and inadequate, and often aggravated these feelings. Competent counselling should be offered to all families, including those without surviving children, to assist the family in making a satisfactory adjustment. Mourning should be accepted as a healthy part of living, and is important for further psychological growth in the family. PMID- 7300742 TI - Standards of antimicrobial prescribing for prophylaxis in selected surgical operations: A study conducted in a teaching hospital. AB - A study of the prescribing habits of the surgeons of Fremantle Hospital for antimicrobial prophylaxis was conducted in the period from July to October, 1979. In selected operations, an assessment of use was made according to generally accepted principles of prophylaxis. In 109 "clean" surgical operations and in 38 cholecystectomies, antimicrobial agents were rarely used for prophylaxis. It was concluded that there was no overusage of prophylactic antimicrobial agents in surgery. In 58 operations on the appendix and large bowel, it was found that administration of the antimicrobial agents was started either too late or the choice of agent was illogical in 15 cases. In 12 total hip replacements, the prescribing was satisfactory, but, in 21 Richards' pin-and-plate operations and in 35 minor orthopaedic implants, prophylaxis was continued for longer than 48 hours in 33 of 41 courses of therapy. The mean duration of a course was 6.5 days for pin-and plate and 6.7 days for minor implants. In only seven of 30 hysterectomies were patients covered for Bacteroides fragilis infection at the time of operation, the mean duration of a course was 5.5 days. It is suggested that a reduction in costs and increase in quality of care are most likely to be achieved by surgical teams adopting a protocol in operations where prophylaxis is of proven value. PMID- 7300741 TI - Clean Air and Noise Abatement Branch, Public Health Department, Western Australia. AB - Whole blood lead levels, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentrations, and hair lead levels were measured in 181 schoolchildren resident in and around the town of Northampton, Western Australia, where tailings from a lead mine have been used extensively for ground surfacing and other purposes. Mean blood lead levels were 0.68 mumol/L (14.0 micrograms/100 mL) in boys and 0.5 mumol/L (10.4 micrograms/100 mL) in girls, the highest being 2.27 mumol/L (47 micrograms/100 mL). Nine children (5%) had blood lead levels above 1.21 mumol/L (25 micrograms/100 mL) and four had levels above 1.21 mumol/L (25 micrograms/100 mL) and four had levels above 1.45 mumol/L (30 micrograms/100 mL). Four of these children had FEP levels above 2.0 mumol/L. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean blood lead levels of children resident in the town (man blood lead level, 0.63 mumol/L (13.1 micrograms/100 mL)) compared with those resident out of the town 0.55 mumol/L (11.3 micrograms/100 mL). The presence of lead tailings in the town may account for the small difference. PMID- 7300743 TI - Criteria audit of surgery for carcinoma of the large intestine in Melbourne teaching hospitals. AB - A criteria audit of patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma of the large intestine in three Melbourne teaching hospitals revealed a considerable variation in the degree of compliance with individual criteria, and a high complication rate with approximately two-thirds of the patients suffering one or more complications. The uniform system of data gathering used provides a baseline for future studies. PMID- 7300744 TI - Relationship between plasma and cellular potassium content during potassium repletion. AB - The simultaneous effect of two weeks of potassium repletion therapy on the plasma concentration and total body content of potassium was assessed in seven patients with hypokalaemia. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and maximal urinary concentration were also measured both before and after therapy with potassium chloride. While the plasma potassium concentration quickly returned to normal, total body content of potassium remained depressed, emphasizing the unreliability of the plasma potassium concentration as an indicator of total body potassium status. Parameters of renal function measured in this study, which were depressed by potassium depletion, also did not alter with correction of the plasma potassium level. This suggests that these functions are primarily affected by cellular potassium content. PMID- 7300746 TI - Placenta praevia accreta. AB - Placenta praevia accreta is a rare life-threatening complication of pregnancy. Four cases are presented from one hospital over a period of 10 years in which there were 36 608 deliveries, an incidence of one in 9152 (0.011%). In all cases there was a successful outcome for both mother and baby, despite different forms of management. PMID- 7300745 TI - Testing the hearing level of schoolchildren: comparison of several currently used screening techniques. AB - An attempt was made to validate several currently used methods of screening the hearing level of children in schools (selecting the quietest area available in the school). Each child was screened with watch tick, hand-held beeper (frequencies, 600 Hz and 2500 Hz at 25 dB HL), whispered voice, and pure-tone audiometry. Screening audiometry is currently the most effective technique for the detection of deafness in the school population, but only if background noise is minimal. The watch and whispered voice methods are unreliable for identification of mild conductive hearing impairment for English-speaking children and are useless for screening children whose grasp of the English language is inadequate. This latter category may include deaf children. PMID- 7300747 TI - Fatal agranulocytosis attributable to cimetidine. AB - There exist some 12 reported cases of agranulocytosis or pancytopenia occurring after the use of cimetidine to reduce gastric acidity. Reported here is the case of a 74-year-old man with renal failure who, 21 days after treatment with cimetidine for peptic oesophagitis, developed severe granulocytopenia followed by fatal septicaemia. PMID- 7300749 TI - Ross River virus in Tasmania. PMID- 7300748 TI - Association of the domestic set-up with sleeping difficulties in children under three years of age. AB - A two-year survey into the possible association of factors in the domestic set-up with sleeping difficulty in young children was carried out. The results showed that, of the numerous factors studied, three had a significant association. PMID- 7300751 TI - Melanomas and sunlight. PMID- 7300750 TI - Drugs and childbirth. PMID- 7300752 TI - "Tubo-ovarian abscess" with a difference. PMID- 7300753 TI - Herbicides and coronary ectasia. PMID- 7300754 TI - Stability of freeze-dried factor VIII standards. PMID- 7300755 TI - How many general practitioners is enough? PMID- 7300756 TI - Hospital referrals of home births in the intrapartum and postpartum periods. AB - Twenty home birth patients referred for hospital management were reviewed. Eleven mothers were referred in labour and nine infants in the first week after birth. The clinical presentation and neonatal outcome are described. The majority had antenatal factors suggesting increased perinatal risk. Careful patient selection, prompt detection and early referral of complications, and adequate facilities for infant resuscitation should minimise the risks of home birth. More research is required on the population requesting home birth and its outcome. PMID- 7300757 TI - Compliance with anticoagulant drug therapy: a study on patients with prosthetic heart valves. AB - The compliance to anticoagulants of a group of patients with prosthetic heart valves has been assessed in the present study. It was found that the level of compliance to these agents was of the order of 90%. Additional compliance data were generated in relation to cardiac drugs and diuretics, which were taken concurrently by the patients. Significant differences were noted between the three categories, the diuretics being the group for which compliance was least. It is postulated that the formal routine adopted by clinics managing patients on anticoagulants greatly enhances compliance with these drugs. The inconvenience of the mode of action of diuretics is no doubt a significant factor in the poor compliance found with them. PMID- 7300760 TI - Estimation of P50 from a single venous blood sample. AB - The oxygen tension at 50% saturation of haemoglobin, or P50 was calculated from a single O2 tension and saturation measurement on a venous blood sample by means of the proportional displacement assumption of Severinghaus and a parallel displacement assumption. These calculations were compared with a two-point technique, based on Hill's formula, which was assumed to be accurate. The results obtained from the simpler, one-point techniques correlated well with the more complex two-point estimation. This correlation remained for subjects with normal, high, and low P50. PMID- 7300759 TI - Paget's disease of bone: experiences with 100 patients treated with salmon calcitonin. AB - ONe hundred patients with Paget's disease of bone were treated with salmon calcitonin. Seventy per cent of patients who presented with pain reported improvement of symptoms. Side effects which occurred in 53 patients were more severe in women, necessitating the withdrawal of therapy in 30% of women as against 7.5% of men. Five of the patients with intolerable side effects were subsequently able to tolerate porcine calcitonin, while six were unable to tolerate salmon, porcine or human calcitonin. No audiological improvement occurred. Aortic valve lesions were detected in 11 patients. After a mean treatment period of 7.8 months, serum alkaline phosphatase level was reduced by 39.3%. Total 24-hour urinary hydroxyproline was reduced by 46.1% after 11.2 months of treatment. PMID- 7300761 TI - Mycobacterium haemophilum causing lymphadenitis in an otherwise healthy child. AB - Suppurating submandibular lymphadenitis in an otherwise healthy infant was caused by Mycobacterium haemophilum, A fastidious organism which requires media supplemented with ferric ammonium citrate or haemoglobin for its growth. It is recommended that material from superficial lesions and lymph nodes collected for mycobacteriological investigations be cultured on media known to support growth of M. haemophilum. PMID- 7300758 TI - The St Jude medical valve - the Australian experience. AB - Since October, 1978, 181 St Jude medical cardiac valves have been implanted in 166 patients throughout Australia. There were 152 single implants, 13 combined mitral and aortic valve implants, and one triple valve implant. Hospital mortality rates were similar to those for all types of prosthetic cardiac valves. Thromboembolic complications occurred less frequently in the patients with St Jude valves than in reports of similar patients with other prostheses, provided that anticoagulation was maintained. PMID- 7300765 TI - A complication of "Rhizolysis". PMID- 7300763 TI - First-aid for snake-bite: efficacy of a constrictive bandage with limb immobilization in the management of human envenomation. AB - A herpetologist was bitten on the thumb by a common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis). A constrictive bandage to impede lymphatic and capillary flow was applied, and the upper limb was immobilized. Two hours after the bite, there were no signs of symptoms of envenomation and venom (to a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/mL) was undetectable in serum and urine. Within five minutes of removal of the constrictive bandage, significant signs of envenomation developed, and serum and urine levels of venom rose significantly. The patient received two ampoules of brown-snake antivenom, and had recovered within six hours. No anaphylaxis of other allergic phenomena occurred, despite the fact that three other doses of antivenom had been administered in the preceding 36 months for prior elapid envenomation. By means of an experimental whole-mouse technique, and an enzyme linked immunospecific assay (ELISA) system, the snake involved was shown to deliver 4.91 mg of venom in an average bite. A constrictive bandage properly applied to impede lymphatic and capillary flow, together with limb immobilization, is effective in the field management of human elapid envenomation. PMID- 7300764 TI - The effectiveness of the pressure/immobilization first aid technique in the case of a tiger snake bite. AB - This paper describes a case of severe envenomation by a tiger snake (Notechis scutatus). The pressure/immobilization technique proved to be effective in delaying the central movement of venom for almost six hours. PMID- 7300766 TI - Avoidable death after massive blood replacement. PMID- 7300762 TI - Effect of prazosin on renal function in chronic congestive cardiac failure. AB - Prazosin was used as additional therapy in seven patients with severe chronic congestive cardiac failure. The effect on renal function in this situation was measured. Renal function improved in four of the seven patients, and this improvement was associated with improvement in their clinical condition; in two other patients, modest improvement in renal function was not associated with symptomatic relief which may have been the result of a gain in weight. PMID- 7300767 TI - Colorectal cancer screening. PMID- 7300768 TI - Allergy testing and hyposensitization. PMID- 7300770 TI - Neural tube defect. PMID- 7300769 TI - Prisoners of war. PMID- 7300771 TI - Home glucose monitoring. PMID- 7300772 TI - Amputation stump pain. PMID- 7300773 TI - Retrospective diagnosis of Q fever ina country abattoir by the use of specific IgM globulin estimations. AB - Twenty-two cases of pyrexial illness which occurred amongst workers in a country abattoir were investigated retrospectively for Q fever, brucellosis, and leptospirosis. In 18, the illness was shown to be Q fever. No diagnoses were established for the other four. The demonstration of circulating Q-fever-specific IgM globulin was instrumental in establishing the diagnosis in many of the cases. PMID- 7300774 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis and respiratory disease in infants. AB - Eleven infants under six months of age with respiratory symptoms and positive results of serological tests for Chlamydia trachomatis, including an infant from whom chlamydiae were isolate, are presented. The three distinct patterns of illness in these infants were a bronchitis with paroxysmal coughing, a bronchiolitis syndrome, and a diffuse afebrile pneumonia. We conclude that chlamydial respiratory disease should be considered in Australian infants with the described features. The diagnosis can be confirmed by immuno-fluorescence. PMID- 7300775 TI - Immediate reactions following live attenuated measles vaccine. AB - Three children had an immediate reaction following live attenuated measles vaccine (Rimevax). This reaction consisted of vomiting, fever and a rash, and in two cases cyanosis. In each case the reaction commenced within 30 minutes of vaccination. Parents should be warned of the possibility of an immediate reaction after measles vaccination, and asked to notify their doctor if any occurs. PMID- 7300776 TI - Treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 7300778 TI - A season in America. PMID- 7300777 TI - Birth centre confinement at the Queen Victoria Medical Centre. I. Obstetric and neonatal outcome. AB - A review of hte first 175 confinements at the Queen Victoria Medical Centre Birth Centre is presented. The design, structure and function of hte Birth Centre is described and the safety of the programme demonstrated. Seventy-four pregnancies (42%) accepted for Birth Centre confinement required transfer because of antepartum or intrapartum complications. There were satisfactory obstetric and neonatal outcomes in all pregnancies. The first year's experience has allowed a reassessment of the risk factors, which will permit greater use of the Birth Centre without any increases risk to mothers or babies. PMID- 7300779 TI - Vaginal delivery of conjoined twins. PMID- 7300781 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7300780 TI - Pneumatosis coli. PMID- 7300782 TI - [Living with a chronic disease]. PMID- 7300783 TI - [Virus diseases of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7300784 TI - [Often without symptoms or misdiagnosed: renal vein thrombosis]. PMID- 7300785 TI - [Traumatic renal vein thrombosis]. AB - Two female patients with left renal vein thrombosis are reported. In one case, the thrombosis was induced by preoperative selective renal vein phlebography for diagnosis of a perirenal tumor. The thrombosis was then detected intraoperatively. In the other case, the thrombosis was caused by traumatic avulsion. Predominantly, left renal vein thrombosis is treated conservatively. Both patients were operated, however. The operation of the first patient was indicated because of the operative tumor therapy. Relaparotomy of the second patient led to nephrectomy due to kidney contusion. PMID- 7300786 TI - [Temporary blindness as a symptoms of circulatory disorder]. AB - Patients with amaurosis fugax (transient monocular blindness) have been studied including an ophthalmodynamometry. In most of the cases there were general circulatory disturbances with marked orthostatic decrease of the ophthalmic pressure, and comparatively seldom carotid stenosis and hypertension. PMID- 7300787 TI - [Carotid auscultation and Doppler sonography of the A. supratrochlearis in cerebral ischemias]. AB - 72 patients (117 angiographies ) suffering from transient ischemic attacks or prolonged reversible ischemic neurological deficits have been examined to study the diagnostic accuracy of the Doppler-sonography of the supratrochlear artery and of neck bruits. The specificity and sensitivity of the Doppler examination were 91 and 81%. The specificity and sensitivity of carotid bruits were 80 and 60%. The sensitivity increased to 94% when either a neck bruit or a pathological Doppler-test were interpreted to be indicative of carotid occlusive disease. PMID- 7300788 TI - [Basic therapeutic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7300789 TI - [Tumors and the occupational environmental]. PMID- 7300790 TI - A survey on spirometer calibration. Part one: Census and in field control of devices. PMID- 7300791 TI - Research on copper poisoning. PMID- 7300792 TI - Effects of mixed cotton and synthetic fiber dusts on ventilatory capacity of textile mill workers. PMID- 7300793 TI - [Pulmonary fractional CO uptake. Epidemiological study of workers in the mining industry]. PMID- 7300794 TI - [Behavior of the pulmonary instantaneous time constant in relation to cigarette smoke and to exposure to asbestos]. PMID- 7300795 TI - First report of clinical manifestations with suspected immune pathogenesis caused by bromo-acetamide-2-chloro-5-benzophenone (BCB). PMID- 7300796 TI - [Long-term study of workers with asthma caused by polyurethane resins]. PMID- 7300797 TI - Managing sites containing skeletonized remains and related artifacts. PMID- 7300799 TI - Lacrisert. PMID- 7300800 TI - Comparative study on the immunostimulatory potency of different Propionibacterium strains. AB - 198 strains of Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum, and P. granulosum were tested for their immunostimulatory potency using splenomegaly as index of stimulation, the activity differed widely from strain to strain. The antitumor and antimetastatic properties of six strains with differing stimulation activities were carefully examined. A close correlation between spleen enlargement and antitumor effects could be observed. The simple spleen enlargement test is recommended for determination of the immunopotency of propionibacteria and for the standardisation of vaccine preparations. PMID- 7300798 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for intravenous infusion. PMID- 7300801 TI - Occurrence of toxin-producing Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated diarrhea in Sweden. AB - From 1324 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) 1643 stool samples were analyzed by a cell test for Clostridium difficile toxin in stool filtrates and cultivation for occurrence of C. difficile strains. In patients with no detectable toxin in their stool strains of C. difficile were isolated in 2.2% whereas when toxin was detectable, the isolation rate varied from 17% to 36%. Furthermore, there was a correlation between toxin titre in stool filtrate and production of cytotoxin in vitro by the corresponding C. difficile strains. Five clostridial strains, not belonging to the species C. difficile, were found to produce typical cytotoxin in vitro. However, five strains identified as C. difficile by biochemical reactions and gas liquid chromatography, did not produce an extracellular cytotoxin. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the Clostridium strains were investigated. No correlation was recognized between antibiotic resistance of isolated Clostridium strains and the AAD-inducing antibiotic penicillins and linco/clindamycin. Neither did cases of relapse of diarrheal disease after vancomycin treatment harbour C. difficile strains with increased resistance to vancomycin. It is concluded that the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated enterocolitis is more complex than a mere intestinal overgrowth of resistant strains of C. difficile. PMID- 7300802 TI - Stabilization of adenovirus infectivity against thermoinactivation by lowered ionic strength. AB - The thermostability of adenovirus 5 increases when the ionic strength is decreased before heating by dilution in distilled water (1 : 100, heating at 50 degrees C). A predilution in Eagle's MEM before heating or a previous dialysis against water had no effect on thermostability. The stabilizing effect was found likewise in crude and purified virus, in heating at 50 degrees C up to 320 min, from 50 degrees C to 56 degrees C, and in dilution from 10(-2) to 10(-5). The degree of stabilization was similar to cationic stabilization in 2M NaCl. The infectivity of heated adenovirus 5 was not sensitivity to DNase digestion. Other adenovirus types were stabilized in a similar manner. PMID- 7300803 TI - Cardiac changes with cyclophosphamide. AB - Serial echocardiographic (ECHO) studies were obtained on 40 pediatric patients (pts) treated with greater than or equal to 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CPM) (range 80-200 mg/kg) in 1 week. Patients were treated for solid tumors and prior to marrow transplant. Echo changes occurred in 10/13 pts who received CPM greater than or equal to 170 mg/kg over four days, and in 11/19 pts who received 120-140 mg/kg dose over two days and who had previously received greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2 anthracyclines with or without radiation. No changes were seen in eight pts who had 80-160 mg/kg CPM and less than 100 mg/m2 anthracyclines. The observed changes occurred approximately 1 week after CPM and persisted for days to weeks. Pericardial effusion seen in 15 pts was successfully treated with furosemide in 13. Two died with hemorrhagic pancarditis. Other changes seen were increased end diastolic left ventricular diameter, decreased fractional shortening and abnormal left ventricular preejection period/ejection time ratios. Thus, cardiac effects of high dose CPM are not rare in children. Patients receiving greater than 170 mg/kg CPM in 1 week or 120 mg/kg in 1 week after greater than or equal to 100 mg/m2 anthracyclines are at particular risk. PMID- 7300804 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children: results of treatment with the modified LSA2 L2 protocol. AB - From June 1976 to May 1980, 25 previously untreated children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied and treated with a protocol modified from the one (LSA2L2) proposed by Wollner [8]. Stage III and IV had, in addition, prophylactic treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) with cranial irradiation (2,400 rad plus intrathecal methotrexate). The complete remission rate is 96%. Of these patients, 76% are disease free surviving after a median observation time of nearly two years. The disease-free actuarial survival is 100% for 6 children with Stage I-II disease and 68% for 19 Stage III-IV children after median observations times respectively 25 + and 19 + months. None of the 19 high-risk patients developed CNS disease after prophylactic treatment. Mediastinal involvement and leukemia conversion at diagnosis were not unfavorable prognostic factors, but primary skeletal or subcutaneous disease and Burkitt-tupe histology were ominous features in patients treated by this regimen. It is concluded that good results are obtained when an aggressive multimodal and multiple drug regimen like the LSA2-L2 is coupled with CNS prophylaxis and is used assiduously to maintain complete remission during the first 12 months of treatment. PMID- 7300805 TI - Efficacy of amikacin and ticarcillin as empiric therapy in febrile neutropenic children with cancer. AB - Amikacin (600 mg/M2/day IV) and ticarcillin (12 gm/m2/day IV) were administered to 38 children with cancer, neutropenia (less than 1,000 PMN/mm3), and fever (greater than or equal to 38 degrees C) during 46 febrile episodes. Sixty-one percent of the children were severely neutropenic (less than 200 PMN/mm3). Febrile episodes consisted of 15 documented (E coli 5, K pneumoniae and P aeruginosa 1, P. Aeruginosa 1, S marcescens 1, S aureus 4, S epidermidis 1, S viridans 1, adenovirus 1), 13 clinically apparent, nine possible, and nine doubtful infections. Efficacy of amikacin and ticarcillin was not determined in persons with gram-positive, viral, and doubtful infections. Amikacin and ticarcillin were administered from 3 to 13 days (mean 7.3 days). Peak serum concentrations of amikacin on days two and five of treatment ranged between 13 and 35 microgram/ml; trough levels remained below 2 microgram/ml in 92% of the samples. Eighty-six percent of evaluable febrile episodes improved and 14% were unchanged. Among eight infections due to gram-negative enteric bacilli, six were cured (75%), and two (25%) improved temporarily. The excellent results observed in this study may be attributed, in part, to the predictably high serum concentrations of amikacin which exceeded the MICs of seven of eight gram negative pathogens. Renal toxicity was not observed. Two children (9.5%) developed mild, transient, unilateral hearing losses. These data suggest that the combination of amikacin and ticarcillin is an effective and safe empiric regimen in febrile children with cancer. PMID- 7300806 TI - [Clinical and morphological characteristics of variants in the course of human alveolar echinococcosis]. PMID- 7300807 TI - [Formation of the parasite capsule and reactions of the surrounding tissue in echinococcosis]. PMID- 7300808 TI - [Functional state of the small intestine in hymenolepiasis]. PMID- 7300809 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination reaction in the diagnosis of early stages of opisthorchiasis. II. Clinical studies]. PMID- 7300810 TI - [Effect of benzimidazoles and glucocorticoids on the intestinal stage of experimental trichinosis in mice]. PMID- 7300811 TI - [Enzyme-labeled antibody reaction in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. 4. Test system for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 7300812 TI - [Treatment with Vermox of trichinosis from natural strains in Sakhalin]. PMID- 7300815 TI - [Evaluation of different methods of laboratory diagnosis of taeniasis]. PMID- 7300813 TI - [Efficacy and tolerance of Fenasal tablets in taeniasis]. PMID- 7300814 TI - [Clinical and epidemiological efficacy of new anthelmintics in foci of ascariasis and trichuriasis]. PMID- 7300816 TI - Micellarization of chlorpromazine. Implications in the binding of the drug to brain tubulin. PMID- 7300818 TI - Conformational preferences of amphetamine analogues for inhibition of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Conformationally defined adrenergic agents. 5. PMID- 7300817 TI - Ca2+-dependent regulation of rat caudate nucleus adenylate cyclase and effects on the response to dopamine. PMID- 7300820 TI - Ferrochelatase-inhibitory and porphyrin-inducing properties of 3,5 diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine and its analogues in chick embryo liver cells. PMID- 7300819 TI - Isoproterenol stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase blocked by propranolol during ontogeny of the murine heart. PMID- 7300821 TI - Species differences in responsiveness to 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene, a potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity. PMID- 7300822 TI - [Role of zinc ions in the functioning of bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase]. AB - By means of atomic absorption spectroscopy up to 0.9 Zn2+ atom per molecule of bovine tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase (E. C. 6.1.1.2) was found. Treatment of the enzyme with orthophenanthroline (Zn2+-chelating agent) or prolonged dialysis leading to the removal of bound Zn2+ causes inactivation of the enzyme whereas the addition of Zn2+ reactivates it. Kinetic analysis of the inhibiting action of orthophenanthroline at various concentrations of tryptophan, ATP and tRNA leads to the conclusion that removal of Zn2+ prevents the binding of the ATP molecule to tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase. By means of chemical modification it is shown that exposed histidine residues and the carboxylic groups of the enzyme participate in Zn2+ binding. According to circular dichroism data removal of Zn2+ has no influence on the secondary structure although some local alterations of the ternary structure are revealed. PMID- 7300823 TI - [Effect of cortisone on free and bound RNA polymerase levels in rat liver cell nuclei]. AB - Free and template-engaged RNA-polymerase activities were measured in nuclei from control and cortisone-stimulated rat livers. Both types of nuclei contain free and engaged alpha-amanitin sensitive (RNA-polymerase II) and insensitive (RNA polymerase II) activities. In nuclei isolated after cortisone injection (1.5 and 3 hours) the stimulation of RNA-polymerase I in engaged form is observed. Unlike it, the higher activity of RNA-polymerase II in the free form is observed after cortisone induction, the activity of bound form being unchanged. PMID- 7300824 TI - [Spectroscopic study of "hole burning" of the initial photoprocesses in photosystem I of mutant strain Chlamydomonas reinhardii 516-3a enriched with P700 reaction centers]. AB - The effect of "hole burning" in absorption spectrum upon monochromatic illumination at 4.2 degrees K has been investigated on the Chlamydomonas reinhardii mutant strain 516-3a which possesses the chlorophyll a/P700 ratio of about 25. This effect has been earlier discovered for the wild type strain of Chlorella. In the strain 516-3a two types of holes differing in width and in shape have been observed. For their assignment the maximal (saturated) holewidth has been studied as a function of the burning wavelength. It has been shown that for the holes of one type photooxidation of P700 is responsible. The other type of holes is caused by electrochromic transition shift of another component of the reaction centre with the absorption maximum at 693 nm. Using measured holewidths it has been estimated that the lifetime of P700 excited state is not less than 50 ps and that the excited state lifetime of the component responsible for the other type of holes is 8.6 ps. The latter, in assumption that it is limited by energy transfer between two components under consideration, gives a distance of 20 A between them. Possible reasons of disagreement between obtained P700* lifetime and considerably shorter times attributed earlier to the primary electron phototransfer in photosystem I on the basis of picosecond studies are discussed. PMID- 7300826 TI - [Isolation, characterization, and translation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA from plasmacytoma cells]. AB - It was found that during hot phenol fractionation of plasmacytoma MOPC-21 cells, which produce immunoglobulins of gamma 1 chi-type, separation of nuclear and nucleolar RNAs, differing in kinetics of accumulation of radioactive precursors, distribution during gradient centrifugation procedures and in base composition, takes place. D-RNA 63 degrees and D-RNA 85 degrees, which possess similar characteristics with D-RNAs, discovered earlier in other cells were isolated. It was stated, the D-RNA 85 degrees is considerably enriched by 3'-terminal poly(A) sequences in comparison with D-RNA 63 degrees. During translation in cell-free protein synthesising system from Xenopus oocytes, these two fractions of hnRNA induced formation of immunospecific products. D-RNA 85 degrees stimulated synthesis of gamma 1 and chi chains more efficiently, that D-RNA 63 degrees. Polyadenylated and non-adenylated both D-RNAs stimulated synthesis gamma 1 and chi chains of immunoglobulin G1 during translation. This fact indicates the absence of significant differences in the informational content. These results give opportunity to propose the existence of two levels of processing pre-mRNA for immunoglobulin chains. PMID- 7300825 TI - [DNA degradation in vivo in dying thymocytes, model for the study of chromatin structure]. AB - Properties of chromatin fragments which are formed as a result of in vivo DNA degradation in thymocytes of gamma-irradiated rats were studied. It is shown that under these conditions chromatin breakdown is accounted for by internucleosomal DNA scission without proteolysis and disturbance of nucleosome structure as judged from how they are split by DNAase I. Amount of mononucleosomes and their dimers, trimers and tetramers is in average about 10% of the fragments formed, and that of oligomers composed of about 8--10 nucleosomes equals about 80%. Core particles and subnucleosomal fragments are never observed. Chromatin fragments of different size have been purified and their composition was studied. Electrophoresis in 3% PAAG--0.5% agarose divides mononucleosomes into two fractions. The less mobile fraction contains all histones, non-histone proteins and DNA fragments of 178 base pairs long. More mobile mononucleosomes do not contain at least fragments of 178 base pairs long. More mobile mononucleosomes do not contain at least one of the histone H1 subfraction and the size of their DNA is 168 base pairs. Chromatin fragments of different size contain both similar and different non-histone proteins. In mononucleosomes and their dimers, trimers and tetramers proteins are found which are absent in chromatin fragments of high molecular weight. It is assumed that mononucleosomes and their dimers, trimers and tetramers are products of active chromatin degradation and that high molecular weight oligomers are supernucleosomal structures of inactive chromatin. PMID- 7300827 TI - [Effect of selectively reacting ligands on the helix-coil transition of DNA. III. Calculation of the melting curves of DNA-ligand complexes]. AB - The calculation of variations in the helix-coil transition parameters, melting curves and differential melting curves of DNA characteristic of different degree of heterogeneity in the presence of ligands interacting selectively with a certain type or types of base pairs has been carried out. It has been shown that ligands with a selective and non-selective manner of binding influence identically the denaturation process in the case of low DNA heterogeneity (synthetic periodic polynucleotides and satellite DNA fractions). In the case of high heterogeneity (the main fraction of DNA of higher organisms) this influence is quite different. The phenomenon of AT- and GC-base pairs thermostability inversion is considered. PMID- 7300828 TI - [Effect of selectively reacting ligands on the helix-coil transition of DNA. IV. Heat denaturation of DNA in an acid medium]. AB - The DNA thermal denaturation in acidic medium has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The formulae describing a dependence of the helix--coil transition parameters (melting temperature (Tm) and melting range width (delta T) on ionisation constants values of all kinds of DNA bases in the helix and coil regions and medium acidity have been obtained. Dependences Tm (pH) and delta T (pH) have been determined experimentally and calculated for different models of protonation. Based on the comparison of theoretical and experimental dependences Tm (pH) and delta T (pH) a strict examination of the theory is conducted. The mechanism of DNA protonation is discussed. PMID- 7300829 TI - [Observation of non-equilibrium phase transitions in a closed enzyme system. Intermittent regulation of the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and similar enzymes]. AB - Kinetic models of closed enzymic systems which allow the existence of multi steady-states were considered. In the basis of these models lies the assumption about the coexistence in solution of different substrate forms and their non enzymic transitions one to another. If the forms of substrate have different affinity to the enzyme and, moreover, one of the forms inhibits the enzyme, then the enzymic activity in certain conditions may change discretely. The transition of the system incidentally from one steady state to another is similar to the first order phase transition. It is shown that for the enzymic reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, the conditions may exist for the non-equilibrium phase transition. It is shown that the existence of the metastability region in the system causes the unusual shifts of the discrete transition from one experiment to another. A model of an allosteric enzyme that describes the discrete behaviour similar to the phase transition is also considered. PMID- 7300831 TI - Structure of chicken 7S immunoglobulin allotypes: further studies on localization to Fab and Fc fragments. PMID- 7300832 TI - Different affinities of mono-, di- and tri-DNP- ribonuclease A for anti-DNP antibody. PMID- 7300833 TI - Immunoreactivity of solid phase hapten binding plasmacytoma protein (ABPC 24). PMID- 7300834 TI - The structure and function of the third component of human complement--I. The nature and extent of conformational changes accompanying C3 activation. PMID- 7300835 TI - Penicillin derivatives as monovalent elicitors of anaphylaxis: the importance of the thiazolidine moiety. PMID- 7300830 TI - [Luminescence study of the spatial organization of protein-lipid complexes of mitochondrial membranes in different functional states]. AB - Molecular organization of protein-lipid complexes of membranes in different functional states of mitochondria was studied from luminescence of pyrene and pyrene-butyrate which quenched the luminescence of mitochondrial membrane proteins. Maximum quenching was about 30 per cent. This value is found to be constant for a given type of membranes. Mitochondrial membrane proteins are organized into bulk assemblies hardly accessible for quenchers. Essential conformational changes in protein assemblies on functioning of the respiratory chain were not revealed. Changes in epimerization of pyrene in different states of the mitochondria may point to changes in viscosity of hydrophobic regions of membranes. PMID- 7300836 TI - Transport of IgA antibody-antigen complexes by the rat liver. PMID- 7300837 TI - Differences in the functional activity of human and guinea pig C1 based on their reactivity with IgG at low temperature. PMID- 7300838 TI - Interactions of gamma-immunoglobulins with lipid mono- or bilayers and liposomes. Existence of two conformations of gamma-immunoglobulins of different hydrophobicities. PMID- 7300839 TI - Rat IgG subclasses: differences in affinity to protein A-sepharose. PMID- 7300840 TI - Nature of carcinoembryonic antigen purified from malignant ascitic fluid of serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. PMID- 7300842 TI - Cultural transmission and evolution: a quantitative approach. PMID- 7300841 TI - Factors influencing the quantitation of antibodies to influenza virus by indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7300844 TI - Physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting sister-chromatid exchange induction in human lymphocytes exposed to mitomycin C prior to culture. AB - In experiments to assess the effects of several biological, chemical, and physical variables on sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) induction in cultured lymphocytes exposed to mitomycin C (MMC) before PHA stimulation we observed: (1) high SCE frequencies in female cells, and normal SCE frequencies in Y-bearing metaphases in mixed cultures containing equal numbers of MMC-treated female lymphocytes and untreated male lymphocytes; (2) small, but statistically significant, decreases in SCEs with increasing pH after G0 exposure in the pH range 6.6-7.6; (3) pronounced reductions in MMC-induced SCEs in lymphocytes exposed at 4 degrees C vs. 37 degrees C. In other studies, SCE induction was evaluated in cultures exposed during G0 to MMC concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 microgram/ml for varying time intervals ranging from 5 min to 24 h. For all concentrations tested SCE induction varied as a linear function of G0 exposure time. To compare SCE induction between cultures, we calculated the mean frequencies of SCEs induced per metaphase/unit dose MMC/unit G0 exposure time (SCE/microgram/h). A mean frequency of 20.7 +/- 4.8 SCE/microgram/h was observed for 41 lymphocyte cultures suggesting that a single term adequately describes the rate of SCE induction following G0 exposure to a 10-fold range in concentration of MMC for time intervals of 30 min to 24 h. PMID- 7300843 TI - Roles of DNA interstrand crosslinking and its repair in the induction of sister chromatid exchange and a higher induction in Fanconi's anemia cells. AB - The roles of DNA crosslink and its repair in the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were studied in normal, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation group A, and Fanconi's anemia (FA) fibroblasts after treatment with mitomycin C (MC) or decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC) for 1 h. FA strains were 5 30-fold more sensitive to MC killing than normal cells, but normally responded to DMC killing. XP group-A cells were twice and only slightly more sensitive to DMC and MC killings, respectively, than normal cells. The induction rate of immediate SCEs by MC was 1.7 times higher, despite a normal SCE rate by DMC, in FA strains than that in normal cells. Alternatively, SCE rates by DMC and MC were 6 times and only 1.3 times higher, respectively, in XP cells than in normal cells. In normal cells, the reduction of MC-induced SCEs as a function of repair time followed a biphasic curve of the first rapid (half-life, 2 h) and the second slow (half-life, 14 h) components. Such components corresponded exactly to the first half-excision and the second slow repair processes of molecular crosslink repair. In MC-induced SCEs, FA17JTO cells exhibited only the slow reduction component without the first rapid component and a higher saturation level in the time dependent reduction in SCEs. This indicates that SCEs are produced by crosslinks remaining unrepaired for long times (24-48 h) after treatment of FA cells. Conversely, XP group-A cells capable of the first half-excision manifested the first rapid reduction in SCEs, although the second component declined at the slowest rate (half-life, 48 h) owing to a defect in the second mono-adduct repair. The reduction in DMC-induced SCEs followed only the slow component. Thus, these results demonstrate that crosslink can be the lesion leading to SCE, and the MC-induced SCE frequency is higher in FA cells than in normal cells. In the FA20JTO strain, such a repair defect seemed to be less than in FA17JTO cells, judged from the survival and SCE characteristics. PMID- 7300847 TI - Classification of chemical agents as to their ability to induce long- or short patch DNA repair in human cells. AB - 33 chemical agents and UV- and gamma-irradiation were tested for their comparative ability to induce long-patch or short-patch repair using the 5 bromodeoxy-uridine photolysis assay. For 11 chemical agents repair was long-patch in nature as determined by calculated patch size and response of xeroderma pigmentosum cells relative to normal human cells. Typical patch sizes as measured by this assay were about 90 nucleotides for UV repair, a range of 30 to 70 nucleotides for a variety of known and suspected UV-mimetic chemicals, and 3-4 nucleotides for gamma-radiation. Alkylating agents previously shown to induce short-patch repair were shown also to induce long-patch repair. PMID- 7300846 TI - The effects of radiation dose-rate and quality on the induction of dominant lethals in mouse spermatids. AB - Hybrid male mice were given 3 Gy (300 rad) doses of X- or gamma-irradiation at dose-rates of either 0.6 or 0.002 Gy/min for each radiation. Germ-cells treated as spermatids were tested for dominant lethality. Effects on spermatogonia were evaluated by studying testis-weight, sperm-count and sperm abnormalities. The rate of induction of dominant lethal mutations was 2.1 times as high after acute X-irradiation as after protracted gamma-irradiation. Most of this difference resulted from the change in radiation quality, since the relative effectiveness of X- versus gamma-irradiation was 1.9 at low and 1.6 at high dose rates. For each radiation, however, fewer dominant lethals were induced at low dose-rates than at high (low/high ratios of 0.8 and 0.9 respectively) although differences did not reach a significant level. There were no statistically significant effects of dose rate on testis-weight or sperm-count in the X-ray series, but there were significantly less severe effects on both with protraction of the gamma-irradiation. Evidence for effects of radiation quality on these characters was conflicting. Frequencies of abnormal spermatozoa were markedly increased 7 weeks after irradiation but there were no consistent effects of radiation intensity or quality. PMID- 7300845 TI - Effect of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate on induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster V79 cells treated with mutagens. AB - The effect of a tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) alone and in combination with mitomycin C (MMC) or cyclophosphamide (CPP) on the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster V79 cells was investigated. TPA alone at various doses and durations caused no increase of SCE frequency. MMC either at the dose of 0.03 or 0.003 microgram/ml alone or in combination with TPA (2 microgram/ml) all caused a significant increase of SCE frequencies. There was no difference in SCE frequencies between the cultures treated with MMC alone at 0.03 microgram/ml and those treated with MMC plus TPA. However, cultures treated with MMC at 0.003 microgram/ml plus TPA had significantly and consistently higher SCE frequencies than those treated with MMC alone at all durations. Treatment of CPP at 1 microgram/ml activated by S9 mix caused significant increase of SCE frequencies. Surprisingly, the cultures treated with CPP, S9 mix plus TPA (2 microgram/ml) caused a drastic reduction of SCE frequencies as compared to those treated with CPP and S9 mix only at all durations. These results indicate that TPA alone had no effect on SCE in V79 cells. TPA enhanced the SCE induction in V79 cells treated with MMC at a low dose, i.e. 0.003 microgram/ml, but it inhibited SCE induction in cultures treated with the indirect mutagen CPP. Thus, TPA has no direct effect on genetic materials but it may indirectly alter the effects of a mutagen. PMID- 7300848 TI - UV-irradiation of related mouse hybrid cells: similar increase in capacity to replicate intact minute-virus-of-mice but differential enhancement of survival of UV-irradiated virus. AB - 3 hybrid cell lines between mouse fibroblasts (A9) and mouse lymphoma cells (L5178YS) were compared with regard to the ability of UV-pre-irradiated cells to replicate intact (unirradiated) Minute-virus-of-Mice (MVM) and to reactivate UV irradiated MVM. UV irradiation of cells before virus infection enhanced their ability to plaque intact virus (Enhanced Capacity) to a similar extent in the 3 hybrid cell lines. However, pretreatment of cells with UV radiation enhanced the survival of UV-damaged virus (Enhanced Reactivation) in only 1 of these hybrids. The lack of detectable Enhanced Reactivation in the other hybrids without concomitant change in their Enhanced Capacity, suggests that these processes are at least partly independent. Virus survival in unirradiated cells was similar for all 3 hybrid cell lines, indicating that the absence of detectable Enhanced Reactivation in 2 of the hybrids was not due to the constitutive expression of this process, but might rather result from its loss or extinction. The expression of both Enhanced Capacity and Enhanced Reactivation requires synthesis of protein de novo shortly after cell irradiation. PMID- 7300849 TI - Clonal analysis of radiation-induced translocations in stem-cell spermatogonia of normal and T70H translocation heterozygous mice. AB - 7 T(1;13)70H/+ and 13+/+ male mice were given 2 doses of 250 rad acute X-rays separated by 24 h. The +/+ mice were analysed in 2 groups during the first meiotic division for induced translocations, on average 177 and 233 days after irradiation, and the T70H/+ mice were analysed in parallel with the second group of +/+ males. One testis was treated with normal air-drying procedures yielding a random sample of cells. The other testis was processed according to a new technique, which enable separate analysis of the various locations along the seminiferous epithelium where groups of cells are synchronously in the diakinesis metaphase I stage of meiosis. The number of cells in such groups was estimated. Both capita epididymes were used for a sperm count. In agreement with an earlier finding, fewer induced translocations were recovered from the T70H/+ mice than from +/+ mice (10.6 versus 19.2%, air-drying technique). Estimates of the group sizes in combination with the occurrence of induced translocations yielded the following information. A synchronously moving group of diakinesis-metaphase I cells originates from, on average, 1.25 stem cells (Appendix). We found an indication for a reduction in group size by 33% when a clone originated from a stem cell carrying an induced translocation compared with a wild-type clone (see Appendix). Both, the data on group size and the sperm counts indicate that, 7 months after the irradiation, the seminiferous epithelium has not totally recovered. Final recovery seems to be slower or absent in the T70H/+ males. The data obtained from the T70H/+ heterozygotes indicate the stem-cell spermatogonia to be responsible for the reduction of the rate or translocation induction with this karyotype, either due to a reduced formation rate or due to a diminished capacity of some of the induced translocation-carrying stem cells to proliferate into a clone reaching the meiotic divisions. PMID- 7300851 TI - Somatic chromosome breakage in low birth weight newborns. AB - To detect any association between birth weight and frequency of aberration or cell damage and to investigate possible postnatal environmental effects on chromosomes, we studied controlled groups of newborn low and high birth weight infants and screened for chromosome breakage and rearrangement in cord blood and postnatal peripheral blood. No evidence of a correlation of neonatal chromosome damage and birth weight was found. A significant increase of chromosome damage in postnatal blood of intrauterine-growth-retarded infants is interpreted as a reflection of postnatal environmental factors. PMID- 7300850 TI - In vivo and in vitro ethylene oxide exposure of human lymphocytes assessed by chemical stimulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis. AB - Factory workers exposed to ethylene oxide (EO), 0.5-1.0 ppm in factory air, together with matched controls from the same factory, were examined for evidence of toxic exposure by measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by N acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) and of chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes. The total chromatid gaps plus breaks were significantly elevated and NA-AAF-induced UDS was significantly reduced in the EO-exposed group as compared with the unexposed control group. The NA-AAF-induced UDS values negatively correlated to the duration (yr) of EO exposure (r = -0.45, p less than 0.02) and the number of chromosome breaks (r = -0.61, p less than 0.05), indicating an inhibition in vivo of DNA-repair capacity by EO. These data were verified in vitro by biochemical and autoradiographic studies of EO-induced UDS in human blood cells. Above 2 mM EO, UDS was inhibited in lymphocytes whether they were cultured for 24 or 122 h after alkylation with EO. Even at the subtoxic EO dose of 0.1 mM, lymphocytes were sensitized to additional exposures of NA-AAF, so that cytotoxicity was increased to 40% compared with 5% for the controls even though UDS was unaffected. It is concluded that EO was toxic to lymphocytes, even when they were sensitized at non-toxic EO doses to the cytotoxic action of other mutagens (e.g. NA-AAF), and the cells that did survive above 2 mM EO were inhibited in their DNA-repair capacity as judged by reduced UDS. PMID- 7300854 TI - Inappropriate regulations governing the use of oil of bergamot in suntan preparations. PMID- 7300853 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes in women with cancer of the breast. AB - Examination of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in lymphocytes may be useful for the evaluation of exposure to mutagens/carcinogens. Information of a possible association between SCE and cancer is scarce. We therefore examined SCE in peripheral lymphocytes in 131 women, aged 17-90 years (median 51.8 years), coming to operation because of a tumor of the breast. Venous blood samples were cultivated during PHA stimulation in the presence of BrdU. After treatment with colcemid (R), fixation, treatment with bisbenzimide and staining with Giemsa, 30 metaphases were scored in each specimen. 52 patients with peroperatively demonstrated carcinoma of the breast had 9.39 +/- 0.17 SCE/cell and the remaining 79 women with non-malignant fibroadenomatosis had 9.88 +/- 0.18 SCE/cell. By multiple regression analysis it appeared that the character of the tumor, the patient's age, hormone treatment and preoperative examination by mammography all were without significant influence on the SCE rate. A statistically significant correlation was found between SCE and cigarette smoking. THe 45 cigarette-smoking patients had 10.49 +/- 0.23 SCE/cell compared with 9.26 +/- 0.13 SCE/cell in the 86 non-smokers. It was concluded that spontaneous SCE in lymphocytes is not an indicator of carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 7300852 TI - Evaluation of experimental parameters in an S9 /human leukocyte SCE test with cyclophosphamide. AB - The experimental parameters S9 concentration, cofactor concentration and exposure time were investigated in a microsome test with human leukocyte cultures, To evaluate these parameters, their effects on cyclophosphamide-induced SCE frequencies and changes in cell proliferation were analyzed. By varying S9 concentration and exposure time, dose-effect relationships were found with respect to the induction of SCE. A relatively small effect was found when the concentrations of the cofactors NADP and G-6-P were varied. In general, an increase in SCE frequencies was accompanied by delayed cell proliferation. The importance of varying the experimental parameters to avoid false- negative results in microsome tests is discussed. PMID- 7300855 TI - Lipid composition of metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis and lipid changes during growth. AB - A lipid analysis was performed on developing metacestodes of Taenia taeniaeformis removed from the livers of rats at times varying from 3 to 35 weeks post infection. Lipid accounted for 7-21% of the dry weight of the parasites. The highest proportions were found at the earlier stages. The distribution was as follows; neutral lipid 27-45%; glycolipid 5-11%; and phospholipid 50-61%. The major neutral lipid was cholesterol, and minor neutral lipids were sterol esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. Hydrocarbons were present throughout development, but in the highest amounts at the earlier stages. Five different glycolipids were found, all of which were identified as glycosphingolipids. An increase in the proportion of more complex glycolipids was noted as parasites grew older. Ten different phospholipids were identified, with the major components being phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Other phospholipids were: lysophosphatides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and an unknown phospholipid component. Changes in the relative amounts of the two major phospholipids were found when the early and late stages were compared. Two lipids found throughout development were identified as glycosylated dolichol phosphates, and they comprised between 1 and 3% of the total phospholipid fraction. Nineteen fatty acids were detected, and the fatty acid distribution for each lipid class at each stage was determined. Seven major fatty acids were common to each. These were: hexadecanoic, octadecanoic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, docosanoic, and docosahexaenoic. PMID- 7300856 TI - Ether lipid synthesis from enantiomeric medium-chain and long-chain O-alkyl-sn glycerols in Leishmania donovani promastigotes. AB - A medium-chain O-alkylglycerol, 1-O-[1'-14C]dodecyl-sn-glycerol, has been found to be incorporated into plasmenyl ethanolamine by Leishmania donovani promastigotes as revealed by radio gas-liquid chromatography; however, the ether bond of the administered O-alkyl-glycerol was cleaved extensively as judged from the occurrence of radioactive acyl moieties. The labelling pattern produced by the radioactive 'natural' 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycerol was similar though the latter served as a slightly better substrate for plasmalogens. Experiments with the enantiomeric 3-O-alkyl-sn-glycerols in comparison revealed that these were poor substrates for plasmalogen synthesis, although they were taken up in identical amounts and cleaved even to a higher extent. Therefore, we conclude the 1-0-alkyl sn-glycerols were utilized directly for plasmenyl ethanolamine synthesis. The incorporation of the dodecyl residue into plasmenyl ethanolamine did not affect the multiplication and shape of cells. PMID- 7300857 TI - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in four siblings. PMID- 7300858 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 49-1981. Hyperinflated right middle lobe in a 15-year-old asthmatic girl. PMID- 7300859 TI - Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Use of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis in New York State. PMID- 7300861 TI - Oophorectomy in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and benign metastasizing leiomyoma. PMID- 7300860 TI - Left ventricular thrombosis after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7300863 TI - Alpha-methyldopa and carotid-sinus hypersensitivity. PMID- 7300862 TI - Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia associated with long-term metoclopramide therapy. PMID- 7300864 TI - Differences between neuroblastoma stages IV-S and IV. PMID- 7300865 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 50-1981. A 76-year-old woman with intermittent hypercalcemia. PMID- 7300866 TI - The toss-up. PMID- 7300867 TI - Plasma arginine vasopressin in hyponatremic patients with heart failure. PMID- 7300869 TI - Erythema multiforme syndrome associated with varicella. PMID- 7300868 TI - Obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 7300870 TI - Deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. PMID- 7300871 TI - Divorce--impact on children. PMID- 7300872 TI - Jack Spratt's legacy. PMID- 7300873 TI - Reduction of coronary atherosclerosis by moderate conditioning exercise in monkeys on an atherogenic diet. AB - All available evidence that exercise may protect against coronary heart disease is circumstantial, and direct evidence is difficult to obtain in human beings. Therefore, we studied the effect of moderate conditioning with treadmill exercise on developing coronary-artery disease in monkeys on an atherogenic diet. Physical training was demonstrated by slow heart rates. Serum total cholesterol was the same (approximately 600 mg per deciliter or 15.5 mmol per liter) in exercising and non-exercising monkeys, with significantly higher high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and much lower triglyceride and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) plus very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride in the exercise group. Ischemic electrocardiographic changes, angiographic signs of coronary-artery narrowing, and sudden death were observed only in non-conditioned monkeys, in which post-mortem examination revealed marked coronary atherosclerosis and stenoses. Exercise was associated with substantially reduced overall atherosclerotic involvement, lesion size, and collagen accumulation; it also produced much larger hearts and wider coronary arteries, further reducing the degree of luminal narrowing. Our data suggest that moderate exercise may prevent or retard coronary heart disease in primates. PMID- 7300874 TI - Increased bioelectric potential difference across respiratory epithelia in cystic fibrosis. AB - To investigate respiratory epithelial function in cystic fibrosis, we measured the transepithelial electrical potential difference across the upper and lower respiratory mucosa in patients with cystic fibrosis and control subjects. The nasal potential difference in the 24 patients with cystic fibrosis exceeded by more than 3 standard deviations the mean voltage in healthy controls, subjects with other diseases, and subjects heterozygous for cystic fibrosis. Potential differences in lower airways were measured in four patients and were significantly greater than in controls (P less than 0.05). Superfusion of the luminal surface with amiloride, an inhibitor of active sodium absorption, induced greater reductions in both nasal and airway potential difference in patients than in controls. We conclude that the increased respiratory-epithelial potential differences appear to be a specific abnormality in homozygotes for cystic fibrosis. The greater reduction in potential difference in response to amiloride suggests that absorption of excess salt and perhaps liquid from respiratory epithelial surfaces contributes to the pathogenesis of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7300876 TI - Primary intervention against coronary atherosclerosis by exercise conditioning? PMID- 7300875 TI - Diet, fat accretion, and growth in premature infants. AB - To compare the growth and accumulation of protein, fat, and carbohydrate in the formula-fed premature infant and in the fetus of a similar postconceptional age, we performed 22 metabolic studies in 13 infants of very low birth weight (1155 +/ 39 g [mean +/- S.E.]). Measurements combining nutritional balance and indirect calorimetry demonstrated the deposition rates of protein and fat. We found that the formula-fed, very-low-birth-weight infant who gained weight comparably to the fetus retained the same amount of protein (1.92 +/- 0.1 g per kilogram of body weight per day) but accumulated fat at a rate of 5.4 +/- 0.3 g per kilogram per day - about three times that in the fetus, as confirmed by increased skin-fold thickness. How this change in body composition affects the future growth of formula-fed premature infants, and how body composition is altered by other dietary regimens such as the provision of human milk, remain to be determined. PMID- 7300877 TI - Effects of cost sharing in health insurance. A call for caution. PMID- 7300878 TI - Sounding board. When health policy becomes victim blaming. PMID- 7300879 TI - Perinatal echovirus infection. PMID- 7300882 TI - Child health care in the United States. PMID- 7300881 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonia due to contamination of a car air conditioner. PMID- 7300880 TI - Oral contraceptives and the risk of myocardial infarction. PMID- 7300883 TI - Tabulations of 1979 poison control case reports. PMID- 7300884 TI - Poisoning mortality in the United States, 1978. PMID- 7300885 TI - Phenylpropanolamine weight control products. PMID- 7300886 TI - Amphetamine look-alikes. PMID- 7300887 TI - Gasoline exposure accidents. PMID- 7300889 TI - Factors that influence rehabilitation of children who undergo amputation for bone or soft tissue sarcomas: the surgeon's viewpoint. AB - The surgeon, by his manner and attitude, sets the tone for the rehabilitation program of the cancer patient who has undergone amputation. The initial encounter with the patient and his family tends to shape a relationship that persists throughout the treatment and rehabilitation program. In our practice, the surgeon remains the patient's physician before, during, and after the amputation. If the surgeon is also willing to direct the rehabilitation program, the continuity thus obtained is enormously helpful. PMID- 7300890 TI - Rehabilitation of children with bone and soft tissue sarcomas: a physiatrist's viewpoint. AB - The physiatrist's chief concern for the child with an amputation secondary to tumor is that of comprehensive prosthetic rehabilitation. Problems unique to these children, factors which affect restoration favorably or unfavorably, principles of management, and measures of outcome are described and also illustrated by a case history. A multidisciplinary pediatric amputee clinic is recommended as the optimal setting for a prosthetic rehabilitation program. PMID- 7300888 TI - Rhabdomyosarcomas: chemotherapy and limited supplementary treatment program to avoid mutilation. AB - A treatment program was set up to minimize mutilation in children with rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) in the otorhinolaryngeal region, the urogenital tract, and other regions where surgery and radiotherapy (RT) could be mutilating. The primary treatment was chemotherapy with vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide, and each patient was assessed individually to determine whether supplementary treatment was needed. The initial results were so promising that a controlled clinical trial was undertaken by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology to compare the effects of chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy and RT on the original tumor volume. At present, the place of irradiation in the treatment of RMS remains uncertain. It is unavoidable only in those patients who are likely to develop intracranial extension, because chemotherapeutic agents do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7300892 TI - Surgical experience in the management of Ewing's sarcoma of bone. AB - Experience has shown that treatment of Ewing's sarcoma of bone by radiation therapy to the primary site was complicated by failure to achieve local control, by unacceptable morbidity in the involved extremity, or possibly by the late development of secondary malignant lesions. Both retrospective and prospective data revealed that time before relapse and survival time after surgical treatment of the primary site were at least as long as that after radiation treatment. New protocols are exploring the value of surgical resection of the primary tumor in certain selected situations. The precise role of surgery in the treatment of primary Ewing's sarcoma of bone is not known. Optimal treatment may require the use of irradiation, surgery, and multiple-drug chemotherapy in various combinations. PMID- 7300891 TI - Psychologic support for children with soft tissue and bone sarcomas. AB - Advances in pediatric hematology and oncology during the last decade have increased the survival rate of children with cancer. If treatment is to be successful, optimally, psychologic and physical issues, though they may become indistinguishable from one another, must be taken into consideration. Using the system theory concept, I examined the impact of the various professionals on the sick child. To facilitate better care, the liaison Pediatric Psychiatry Service at Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City developed a series of psychiatric interventions that deal with the psychologic needs of the various components of the medical-therapeutic system. These include preparation of a psychosocial profile of the sick child and his family; group meetings for nurses, house staff, and attending physicians in hematology and oncology; and discussions with the parents. The patient is perceived as a biopsychologic system, the natural unit in which it is possible to discern and abstract the psychologic subsystem and the biologic subsystem. Psychiatric intervention with the psychologic subsystem is intended to facilitate the cure and recovery of the biologic subsystem. PMID- 7300893 TI - Soft tissue sarcomas (excluding rhabdomyosarcoma): radiotherapy applications. AB - Radiation therapy (RT) is a highly effective modality in the treatment of sarcomas of soft tissue when combined with conservative surgery. RT followed by surgery is judged to have important clinical advantages over the reverse sequence. Of special significance to the treatment of the pediatric patient is the observation that the treatment volume in preoperative RT is nearly always smaller than in postoperative RT. Precise definition of the target volume and utilization of minimum treatment volumes (i.e., reduction of the treatment volume toward the target volume to the greatest extent technically feasible) are particularly important to the improvement of functional results. Data are described for 21 patients who were 21 years old or younger and were treated by RT and surgery and RT alone and who have been followed for 3 or more years. Local control of the treated tumor was achieved in all 21. Absolute figures for disease free survival were 5 of 5 and 10 of 16 patients in the 6- to 14- and 15- to 21 year age groups, respectively. Survival results according to stages for the latter group were as follows: stage I, 4 of 4; stage II, 4 of 7; and stage III, 2 of 5. All 9 patients with fibrosarcoma or neurofibrosarcoma survived free of disease. The need for an effective chemotherapy regimen for patients in stages IIB--III is emphasized. PMID- 7300894 TI - Influence of prognostic factors on survival in Ewing's sarcoma. AB - We have analyzed the survival data for 117 patients with Ewing's sarcoma treated at the National Cancer Institute since 1964. Treatment consisted of local irradiation to the primary site and a series of increasingly intensive systemic chemotherapy regimens. Four protocols were used with varying numbers of patients in each treatment group. When survival results were compared by treatment group, an overall difference in favor of the most recent treatment regimens was demonstrated (P less than 0.03). When results were evaluated by treatment group according to the site of primary disease, a significant difference was found only for patients who presented with primary lesions of the central axis and without metastases (P less than 0.001). However, we noted a statistically significant correlation of survival with 1) site of primary disease (P less than 0.001), 2) serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level at presentation (P less than 0.0001), and 3) metastatic status at presentation (P less than 0.0001), irrespective of treatment protocol. When the results were reassessed after adjustment for these factors, no significant difference in survival remained. We concluded that further studies, in which stratification for site of primary disease and LDH levels would be used, are necessary to clarify the role of intensive adjuvant chemotherapy in Ewing's sarcoma. PMID- 7300895 TI - Combination chemotherapy (T-6) in the multidisciplinary treatment of Ewing's sarcoma. AB - Twenty-eight patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and 10 with primary and metastatic ES were treated with intensive induction (T-6) and maintenance sequential chemotherapy (T-2). Local treatment for the primary tumor was surgery and/or radiation therapy (RT), and the choice depended on the patient's age and the location and size of the tumor. Patients with pulmonary metastases received bilateral pulmonary RT with 1,400 rad before T-2 maintenance chemotherapy. Most patients who were given T-65 induction chemotherapy before local therapy had healing of pathologically destroyed, tumor-bearing bones before the initiation of RT. None who had RT after T-6 chemotherapy developed pathologic fractures. Of the 28 with primary ES, 23 (82%) remained free of disease for more than 12 to over 46 months (median 22+ mo). Six of 10 with primary and metastatic disease are free of disease from more than 14 to over 34 months (median, 22+ mo). In addition to producing higher survival rates in the patients with poor prognoses, T-6 chemotherapy also improved the treatment of the primary tumor and achieved better function and, it is hoped, a lower local recurrence rate following RT. We found that the timing of T-6 chemotherapy and RT was crucial to obtaining a maximal response of the primary tumor and to maintaining patient tolerance for this aggressive treatment. The long rest required after patients were given 1,3-bis (2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea makes its use in future protocols undesirable. PMID- 7300896 TI - Special considerations related to primary site in rhabdomyosarcoma: experience of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, 1972--76. AB - Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) arising in the head and neck region, retroperitoneum, and perineum were considered together here because the usual surgical approach is incisional biopsy. Thus successful treatment of these neoplasms depends on effective radiation therapy and chemotherapy. From November 1972 through December 1976 the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study accrued 127 patients with primary tumors in the head and neck, 34 with orbital tumors, 24 with sarcomas arising in the retroperitoneum-pelvis (no genitourinary), and 11 with perineal lesions. Results of treatment varied among these primary sites. Patients with orbital RMS had the best prognoses; 77% of them were free of disease, compared with a 51% disease-free rate in patients with nonorbital head and neck RMS. In this latter group, disease recurrence was evenly divided among local failure, distant metastases, and direct meningeal extension. Prognoses were similar for retroperitoneal tumors; 46% of such patients are currently free of disease. That the perineum was a rare site for RMS was fortunate because only 3 of 11 such patients (27%) are free of detectable disease now (January 1979). We concluded that the site of the primary tumor is an important prognostic variable in children with RMS. PMID- 7300897 TI - Coding complications. PMID- 7300898 TI - Superoxide dismutase is a prophylactic against alloxan diabetes. PMID- 7300899 TI - Opiates and clonidine prolong calcium-dependent after-hyperpolarizations. PMID- 7300900 TI - Phaseolin mRNA is translated to yield glycosylated polypeptides in Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 7300902 TI - What case for basic research? PMID- 7300901 TI - In vivo decoding rules in Schizosaccharomyces pombe are at variance with in vitro data. PMID- 7300904 TI - UK medical research: to those that hath. PMID- 7300903 TI - Human growth hormone: shortage persists. PMID- 7300906 TI - Cancer monoclonals. PMID- 7300905 TI - Animal committees. PMID- 7300907 TI - On chemical war. PMID- 7300908 TI - Secondary structure and evolution of ribosomal RNA. PMID- 7300909 TI - Spleen colony-forming cell as common precursor of tissue mast cells and granulocytes. PMID- 7300910 TI - The structure and measurement of intelligence. AB - One of psychology's outstanding successes has been the measurement of intelligence, and the demonstration that differences in intelligence, so measured, were due in large part of genetic factors. In recent years much work has been done to clarify the problem of the biological basis of these inherited differences, and work on the evoked potential in the EEG has generated important new findings in this field. We now know far more about intelligence, its inheritance, and its biological basis than we did even a few years ago. PMID- 7300911 TI - Pressure-dependent deactivation and reactivation of dimeric enzymes. PMID- 7300912 TI - Application of polyethylene imine as carrier material for enzyme immobilization. PMID- 7300913 TI - Luminance threshold for stereopsis. PMID- 7300914 TI - Metabolism and presynaptic inhibitory activity of 2',3' and 5'-adenine nucleotides in rat vas deferens. AB - In the isolated rat vas deferens stimulated at 0.2 Hz, [14C]labelled 5'-AMP, 5' ADP and 5'-ATP (10 microM) inhibited twitch responses, were broken down to [14C]adenosine in the medium and incorporated into [14C]adenine ribonucleotides in the tissue. Pretreatment of tissues with 6-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl) thioguanosine (NBTGR), a potent inhibitor of adenosine transport, potentiated the presynaptic inhibitory action of these 5' nucleotides and reduced their incorporation in [14C]adenine nucleotides, but did not alter the appearance of [14C]adenosine in the medium. A series of 2', 3' and 5'-substituted adenine nucleotides (10 microM) inhibited the twitch responses of the vas deferens stimulated at 0.2 Hz. This effect was potentiated by NBTGR. Addition of exogenous adenosine deaminase very significantly reduced the inhibitory actions of adenosine, 5'-AMP, 5'-ADP and 5'-ATP and also reduced those of 2', 5'-ADP, NAD+ and dePCoA. The inhibitory actions of the other 2', 3' and 5' adenine nucleotides studied were not altered by exogenous adenosine deaminase. These results indicated that the presynaptic inhibitory actions of 5'-AMP, 5'-ADP and 5'-ATP in rat vas deferens predominantly result from their prior hydrolysis to adenosine whereas the 2', 3' and 5'-substituted adenine nucleotides appear to act mainly directly to inhibit transmitter release. PMID- 7300915 TI - Binding of [3H]-pilocarpine to membranes from rat cerebral cortex. AB - Binding of [3H]-pilocarpine to synaptic membranes in rat cerebral cortex was investigated, pilocarpine binding was also studied by competition of unlabelled pilocarpine with the [3H]-labelled muscarinic antagonist, [3H]-N-methyl-4 piperidinyl benzilate. 1. [3H]-pilocarpine binding sites are of protein nature, and the highest specific activity of binding is found in the synaptosomal fraction of all subcellular fractions. 2. Competition studies show that only muscarinic drugs inhibit [3H]-pilocarpine binding in their pharmacologically active concentration range. 3. Binding of [3H]-pilocarpine is influenced by GMPP (NH)P (0.1 mM) similarly to the binding of other muscarinic agonists. 4. Examination of pilocarpine binding with [3H]-pilocarpine and the competition experiments with unlabelled pilocarpine indicate the presence of three sites with different affinities: 5 nM, 0.2 microM and 30 microM respectively. 5. Experiments with [3H]-4-NMPB and [3H]-pilocarpine indicate that there are more [3H] pilocarpine binding sites than [3H]-4-NMPB binding sites in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7300916 TI - Relationship between drug-induced changes in seizure thresholds and the GABA content of brain and brain nerve endings. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of gabaculine, aminooxyacetic acid (s.c.), gamma-acetylenic GABA, gamma-vinyl GABA, ethanolamine-O-sulphate, sodium valproate and GABA caused significant increases in the GABA content of both the whole brain and brain nerve endings (synaptosomes) in mice, a linear relationship being observed between the two parameters. When the relative effects on GABA concentrations were compared with the potency of the different drugs to elevate the thresholds for electroconvulsions and clonic pentetrazole seizures, only the increase in the pentetrazole seizure threshold was significantly correlated with the elevation of brain and synaptosomal GABA content. The present results indicate that the threshold for pentetrazole seizures is an appropriate test system to study the relationship between alterations of overall GABA levels in the brain and nerve terminals and anticonvulsant activity of GABA-elevating agents. PMID- 7300917 TI - Antagonism by gamma-aminobutyric acid of the stimulant effect of angiotensin II on cardiac sympathetic ganglia in spinal dogs. AB - The effects of angiotensin II and neuro-aminoacids administered through the right subclavian artery (i.a.) to the cardiac sympathetic ganglia were investigated in spinal dogs. Angiotensin II (1--8 micrograms) elicited a dose-dependent positive chronotropic effect which was reduced after i.a. injection of saralasin (100 micrograms). The effect of angiotensin II was not reduced after combined treatment with either hexamethonium (10 mg/kg) plus atropine (0.1 mg/kg) or hemicholinium-3 (5 mg/kg) plus preganglionic stimulation. The dose-dependent response to angiotensin II of heart rate was inhibited by GABA (50, 500 micrograms), GABOB (500 micrograms) and muscimol (50, 100 micrograms). The inhibition of the response to angiotensin II by a small dose of GABA (50 micrograms), but not by a high one (500 micrograms), was antagonized by i.a. injection of picrotoxin (2 mg). The positive chronotropism induced by bethanechol (25, 50 micrograms) and a small dose of acetylcholine (25 micrograms) were significantly inhibited by a high dose (500 micrograms) but not by a low dose (50 micrograms) of GABA. These results confirm that angiotensin II stimulates cardiac chronotropism by acting on the angiotensin II receptor located at the cardiac ganglia and show that this stimulant effect is antagonized by GABA. PMID- 7300918 TI - Influence of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on plasma catecholamines in pithed rats. PMID- 7300919 TI - Effects of pentobarbital and diazepam on rat plasma amino acid patterns. AB - Intraperitoneal injections with pentobarbital and diazepam caused an increase in the concentration of most plasma amino acids in rat. In contrast, tryptophan was significantly decreased after treatment with pentobarbital. The tyrosine level showed no change and was thus actually reduced after pentobarbital treatment in relation to the total pool of large neutral amino acids. The possibility should be considered that these changes in plasma amino acid patterns may lead to reduced transport of e.g. tryptophan and tyrosine into the brain, which in turn might retard the synthesis of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. The transport and action of several aromatic amino acids used as therapeutic agents may also be influenced. PMID- 7300920 TI - Central effects of paraoxon on haemodynamics in the cat. AB - Application of paraoxon into the left vertebral artery (8--80 micrograms) or both the left and right vertebral artery (4--8 micrograms) of the anaesthetized cat evoked dose-dependent depressor effects, whereas heart rate was not influenced significantly. Also after systemic administration of paraoxon (150--825 micrograms . kg-1), while peripheral muscarinic receptors were blocked, depressor effects were still observed. Dose-response curves for the depressor response to paraoxon were established. Infusion of low doses of dexetimide via the vertebral artery prevented the hypotensive action of paraoxon. The distribution of this antimuscarinic drug in the brain was investigated. The depressor effect of paraoxon can be attributed to both a decrease in peripheral resistance and cardiac output. Decerebration and midcollicular transection were carried out in order to elucidate the site and mechanism of action. The depressor effect of paraoxon seems to be mediated by a central mechanism of action located within the lower brain stem. It is concluded that stimulation of muscarinic receptors in the pontomedullary region gives rise to the observed changes in haemodynamic parameters. Muscarinic receptors in the hypothalamus seem to be of minor importance for the hypotensive action of paraoxon. PMID- 7300921 TI - Lipid and lysosomal enzymes in human fibroblasts cultured with perhexiline maleate. AB - To understand the mechanism of the lysosomal lipid storage induced by perhexiline maleate, we performed simultaneous lipid analysis and lysosomal enzymes determinations. Human fibroblasts were cultured for 5 days in the presence of perhexiline maleate at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml of culture medium. Lipid analysis showed that those non toxic levels determined the same changes as seen with higher concentrations of the drug (Hauw et al. 1980) i. e. increase of cholesterol and of all major phospholipids. Qualitative phospholipid pattern was not markedly changed. Lysosomal enzymes activities were not modified with the exception of sphingomyelinase which was reduced to 12% of its normal level. PMID- 7300922 TI - Effects of unsymmetrical ester substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives and their optical isomers on contraction of smooth muscle. AB - The optical isomers of two nifedipine-like 1,4-dihydropyridine derivates have been synthesised and tested in vitro. The (-)-isomer (S-configuration of both compounds) was more potent than the racemate, which in turn was more potent than the (+)-isomer (R-configuration). The S-configuration isomers are approximately ten times more potent that nifedipine, and may represent the optimal structure and configuration for binding to and inhibiting calcium channels. PMID- 7300923 TI - [The patient proposes, the physician disposes?]. PMID- 7300924 TI - [Ventricular fibrillation in the heart ambulance]. PMID- 7300926 TI - [A young man with congenital, neglected muscular torticollis]. PMID- 7300925 TI - [Clinical evaluation of EEG telemetry and videomonitoring in 212 patients with epilepsy]. PMID- 7300927 TI - [A demented patient without dementia]. PMID- 7300928 TI - [Polyposis of the colon]. PMID- 7300929 TI - [Familial polyposis of the colon]. PMID- 7300930 TI - [Familial polyposis of the colon]. PMID- 7300931 TI - [The physician in conversation with patient and partner]. PMID- 7300932 TI - [Pain in the terminal stage]. PMID- 7300933 TI - [Polyposis of the colon]. PMID- 7300934 TI - [Treatment of patients with a glioma]. PMID- 7300935 TI - [Blood pressure determination at the ankle in obstructive arterial disease]. PMID- 7300936 TI - [Determination of the blood circulation in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans before and after surgery]. PMID- 7300937 TI - [Cervical whiplash syndrome]. PMID- 7300938 TI - [Puerperal uterine inversion]. PMID- 7300939 TI - [Diazoxide in hypertensive crisis: rapid injection or slow infusion?]. PMID- 7300941 TI - [A neurological complication in a patient with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia]. PMID- 7300940 TI - [Massive liver cell necrosis following administration of indomethacin in combination with aminophenzone]. PMID- 7300942 TI - [Structure of the simple receptive field of the cat visual cortex]. AB - Comparison of the cat simple receptive field (No. 17) responses to sinusoidal gratings and to thin light and dark bars showed that the excitatory and inhibitory on- and off-zones are composed by on- and off-subfields of corpus geniculatum, converging to the cortical neurons. Each zone comprises a pair of opponent subfields -- excitatory and inhibitory. Such an organization reveals the linear properties of the fields. However a real simple field is a nonlinear system because of available deviations from such an ideal organization. The deviations are manifested in mutual displacement of the subfields, inhomogeneity of the subfields and absence of an antagonistic subfield in the zone. Phasic and tonic subfields may be present simultaneously even within the same field. PMID- 7300943 TI - [Temporal signal summcation by at visual cortex neurons]. AB - The summation temporal of signals in neurons of field 17 of the visual cortex was studied in immobilized and unanaesthetized cats. The unit responses to optimal local light stimuli were recorded under conditions of light adaptation. Critical duration of the summation temporal in different units was 5-100 ms, with mean value equal to 31.45 +/- 5.67 ms. Neurons in the central part of the field differed from the peripheral ones by a shorter critical summation temporal, a lower background discharge frequency and a smaller duration of the first burst in the response. In neurons with simple receptive fields the summation temporal was considerably shorter than in complex neurons. The obtained results are compared with data from literature on neurons of cat retina and lateral geniculate nucleus and discussed with respect to division of ascending afferent visual projections into X and Y (1a and 1b) groups. PMID- 7300944 TI - [Vestibular Responses of neurons of the anterior suprasylvian region of the cat cortex and their interaction with responses to acoustic stimulation and stimulation of the facial nerve]. AB - Neuronal responses to stimulation of the vestibular, acoustic and facial nerves were studied in the cat anterior suprasylvian gyrus cortex under chloralose (70 m/kg). The vestibular projection field was found to be adjacent to and partly overlapped with the acoustic and facial projections. The focus of maximum vestibular-evoked activity was located rostrally to the anterior suprasylvian gyrus and was clearly distinct from that evoked by acoustic auditory and facial stimuli. In the focus of maximal activity of the vestibular projection the vestibular afferent input was predominant. PMID- 7300946 TI - [Convergence of signals on neurons of the anterior hypothalamus during local thermal stimulation of the skin]. AB - Changes in the mean firing rates of the preoptic and septal neurons under thermal stimulation of different skin areas were studied in unanesthetized rabbits. The skin temperature of the rabbit back (skin area I) or face (skin area II) was increased to 38-40 degrees C or decreased to 22-26 degrees C. Out of 111 units under study 21 units responded to changes in the skin temperature. All thermosensitive hypothalamic neurons responded to thermal stimulation of both skin areas. Different types of neuronal responses are described. PMID- 7300945 TI - [Diencephalic afferents of the rat hippocampus]. AB - The diencephalohippocampal connections in rats were studied using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde axonal transport technique. After HRP injections into the CA1 hippocampal field labelled cells were found both in the thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei. It is found that both specific (anterodorsal, anteroventral, lateral anterior, lateral) and nonspecific (reuniens, central lateral, central medial) nuclei of thalamus are the sources of the hippocampal afferents. The cells of the paraventricular and perifornical hypothalamic nuclei also send their axons to the hippocamp. The data obtained show that the hippocamp receives direct thalamic connections from the thalamic structures which have sensory inputs. PMID- 7300947 TI - [Postsynaptic ionic endplate currents of fast and slow chick muscle fibers. Effect of cholinesterase inhibition]. AB - The mean values of the rise time and half-time decay of miniature end-plate currents (MEPC) recorded extracellularly or by the voltage clamp technique in the synapses of slow muscle fibres were 2.5 times higher than in the fast ones. Inhibition of AChE prolonged the time course of MEPC in slow and fast fibres 1.5 and 3.5 times, respectively. As a result, the difference between the time courses of fast and slow MEPC completely disappeared. Voltage dependence of the MEPC decay rate is found to be smaller in slow synapses than in fast ones, especially in the range between -80 mV and -140 mV. This difference between fast and slow synapses was more pronounced after AChE-inhibition or after ethanol treatment. The nature of the difference in MEPC time course in fast and slow synapses is discussed. PMID- 7300948 TI - [Changes in noradrenaline fluorescence in the diencephalon and conditioned defense behavior following coagulation of the ventral noradrenergic pathways]. PMID- 7300949 TI - [Changes in spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes during the respiratory cycle in cats]. AB - In cats anesthetized by chloralose the characteristics of a somaesthetic startle reaction (spino-bulbo-spinal reflex) essentially change during respiration; the magnitude of the responses recorded in the internal and external intercostal nerves as well as flexor hindlimb nerves was regularly less during the inspiration phase than during the expiration one. The phase changes were due to respiratory modulation of spino-bulbo-spinal transmission at the supraspinal level (brain stem reticular formation) and were determined mainly by its depression during inspiration. PMID- 7300950 TI - [Characteristics of fibers of the fastigio-spinal tract of cats]. AB - Cord dorsum potentials (CDP) and fibre activity in the upper cervical spinal cord evoked by electrical stimulation of the contralateral fastigial nucleus of the cerebellum were recorded in cats anesthetized with chloralose and nembutal. Conduction velocity of fastigio-spinal fibres was evaluated by dividing the distance between definite cervical segments into the difference between latencies of CDP in the same segments. Fastigio-spinal fibres reach the level of C5 in ventral and ventrolateral funicles; their conduction velocities range from 20.7 to 67.3 m/s. PMID- 7300951 TI - [Effect of local cooling of the spinal cord on motor neuron and interneuron activity during a fictive scratching reflex]. PMID- 7300952 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of burst responses of the first central neurons of the cutaneous sensory system]. PMID- 7300953 TI - [Effect of yohimbine and tetrodotoxin on asymmetric displacement currents of nodes of Ranvier]. AB - The indole alkaloid yohimbine (40 microM in the outside solution) is shown to reduce the intramembrane charge transferred by the asymmetric displacement current in the frog Ranvier node by 40%, the sodium permeability being inhibited by more than 90%. However, when tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM) was present in the outside solution, yohimbine inhibited the displacement charge only by a few per cent. The data indicate that the occlusion of the external mouth of Na channel by tetrodotoxin hinders the yohimbine (a lipid-soluble substance) effect on asymmetric displacement currents and supposed to affect Na channels from the membrane lipids and partly from the axoplasm. The possible interaction of Na channel blocking agents which are different both in chemical properties and in the modes of action on Na channels should be taken into consideration in the experiments with asymmetric displacement currents. PMID- 7300954 TI - [Dynamics of orientational tuning of visual cortex neurons in the cat]. AB - Orientational tuning of singly units in the primary visual cortex of a nonanesthetized paralyzed cat was studied by usual criteria (number of spikes and maximal frequency of the response) and by "time slices" method. A computer plotted graphs of orientational tuning for successive time intervals with a step of 10 or 20 ms (differential slices) or for prolonged intervals with same step (integral slices). In both cases it was revealed that in all the investigated units orientational tuning markedly changed in time, most often in wideness of characteristic and in 87% of cases in preferred orientation range was detected: preferred orientation systematically moved for 15-112 degrees in successive moments during some tens of ms of the first and the second burst of spikes. A possible functional significance of the data revealed and the neurophysiological mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7300955 TI - [Structural basis of sensomotor integration in the cerebral cortex of cats]. AB - The connection of the dimple zone of the somatic sensory cortex with a lateral area of gyrus cruciatus in the motor cortex was investigated by means of the Nauta-Gygax, Fink-Heimer techniques and retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. A height degree of differentiation is detected in organization of transcortical sensomotor projections. The pyramidal, stellate and inverted pyramidal cells of the third layer of he cortex participate in formation of these ways. Th data obtained by the experimental degeneration method and electron microscopic technique show that hte afferentation from the first somatic sensory area terminates mainly on dendritic spines in layers III and V and partly on elements in layer I in the motor cortex. It is suggested that the associative fibres exert their action on the projectional neurons of the motor area directly or through inter-neurons. PMID- 7300956 TI - [Receptive fields of neurons of primary auditory cortex neurons in the cat]. AB - Receptive fields of primary auditory cortical neurons were investigated by direct stimulation of nerve fibers in different parts of the cochlea in cats anesthetized with nembutal. The size of the excitatory receptive field depends on the location of te neuron in the cortical auditory area. The more caudal is the position of the neuron in the primary auditory cortical projection of the cochlea, the more extended its receptive field is. The most narrow and symmetrical receptive fields were found in the basal coil of the cochlea. A suggestion is made that the region of finest discrimination of acoustic signals is located in the basal coil of the cochlea which has the largest representation in the primary cortex. PMID- 7300957 TI - [Focal evoked potentials in the rabbit visual cortex: density analysis of current sources]. AB - Focal evoked potentials were elicited in the rabbit visual cortex by punctiform light stimuli and analyzed by the current source density technique. They contained two main components. The first component was generated by local sink at depths form 0.6 to 1.0 mm (layer IV) with 30 ms latency and peak time about 50 ms. The second one was generated by less local sink at depths form 0.2-0.3 to 1.3 1.5 mm (layers III-VI) with peak time 90-100 ms. These two sinks are considered as active and indicating the localization of depolarizing synapses. Passive sources are dissipated around the zone of the active sinks. PMID- 7300958 TI - [Effect of noradrenaline and serotonin on background activity of hippocampal CA3 field neurons in vitro]. AB - Effect of norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) upon the background activity of neurons in hippocampal slices (field CA3) was investigated during injection transmitter substances to the incubation medium. Both NE and 5-HT may suppress (32 and 49%, respectively) or activate (52 and 35%) the background activity. Activation was observed mainly in the cells without background discharges or with single spike irregular activity. Suppression of activity was observed in the units with "complex spikes". Activatory effects of NE, but not of 5-HT, could be imitated by NE against phenylephrine and blocked by alpha adrenoreceptor blocker phentolamine. Effects of transmitter substances were maintained in the medium with increased Mg2+ concentration. PMID- 7300959 TI - [Reticular pathways of corticofugal impulse transmission]. AB - The organization of the reticular pathways for transmission of the corticofugal influences was investigated on cats under chloralose anesthesia. It is found that reticulospinal neurons, cells with ascending-descending projections and ascending reticular neurons projecting into the hypothalamus, transmit signals from both fast and slow corticofugal fibres. A fast cortico-reticulospinal pathway is found for transmission of signals from the slow corticofugal fibres only. This pathway is organized by fast reticulospinal and ascending-descending reticular cells of medulla and pons. Functional role of these pathways is discussed. PMID- 7300961 TI - [Changes in the neurochemical properties of midbrain reticular neurons during negative emotional responses]. AB - Qualitative changes in responses of singly neurons of hte midbrain reticular formation to microionophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-OT) and noradrenaline (NA) were revealed during stimulation of the "fear" centre in experiments on non-narcotized and non-immobilized rabbits. Approximately 50% of te units studied displayed changes which were manifested by occurrence or elimination of he responses or by reduction or activation of he responses to one or some agents. Afer ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation changes in chemical sensitivity of the reticular neurons were twice as often to NA and 5-OT than to ACh. A supposition is made that alteration in neurochemical properties of the central neurons can be one of the mechanisms of the development of negative emotional states. PMID- 7300960 TI - [Activation response to photic stimulation in normal cats and after transection of the afferent pathways of the mesencephalic reticular formation]. AB - In chronic experiments on waking unrestrained cats with implanted electrodes the reaction of EEG activation to light stimulation was recorded in two sets of experiments in normal cats and in animals with transsection of brachia colliculi superioris that separated mesencephalic reticular system. The intensity of the activating reaction in the intact cats increased ith a rise in the light stimulus intensity. In the cats with brachia-colliculi superioris transsected there was no definite dependence on the stimuli intensity and the intensity of the activating reaction changed randomly. It is suggested that this irregularity is accounted for by blocking of the excitating afferent flow usually coming to the mesencephalic reticular formation through brachia and colliculi both from the visual pathways (ascending flow) and from the cortex (descending activation regulating flow). PMID- 7300964 TI - [2 types of lateral inhibition in frog retinas]. AB - The influence of different pharmacological agents on the inhibition in the frog retina was investigated by means of recording ERG from the inner plexiform layer. Two different types of lateral inhibition were distinguished: "near", sensitive to picrotoxin, and "distant", sensitive-strychnine. The "distant" inhibition appears to be the familiar lateral inhibition transmitted by propagating spikes. The "near" picrotoxin-sensitive lateral inhibition does not depend on propagating spikes. Localization of two types of lateral inhibition in the plexiform layers is discussed. PMID- 7300962 TI - [Excitation of motor neurons of the nucleus of the accessory nerve in cats in response to stimulation of Deiters nucleus]. AB - Responses of the accessory motoneurons to electrical stimulation of he ipsilateral Deiters nucleus were recorded intracellularly in cats under chloralose-nembutal anesthesia. Stimulation of the Deiters nucleus evoked monosynaptic EPSP with latency from 1.3 to 2.3 ms, maximal amplitude 5.0 mV and duration from 7.0 to 10.0 ms in accessory motoneurons. Under rhythmic stimulation the EPSP were weakly potentiated and under increase in te strength of the Deiters stimuli they easily became action potentials. PMID- 7300963 TI - [Ionic mechanisms of the nonlinearity of retinal horizontal cell membranes]. AB - Changes in ionic conductivity underlying the nonlinearity a voltage-current curve of the nonsynaptic membrane of horizontal cells were investigated in experiment on goldfish and turtle retina. The measurements were made under conditions when conductivity of a subsynaptic membrane was minimal, i.e. when the retina was illuminated with bright light or synaptic transmission from photoreceptors was blocked with Co2+. An increase in [K+] led to depolarization and diminution os steepness i a hyperpolarizing part of the voltage-current curve; a decrease in K+ evoked an opposite effect. A decrease in [C1-] did not change both the membrane potential and the shape of the voltage-current curve. Substitution of Na+ by tris or choline did not evoke a reliable change in the membrane potential, and produce only a slight change in the shape of he current-voltage curve. It is concluded that the membrane is permeable for K+; permeability for C1- is absent or small; permeability for Na + is small too. Ba2+ (2-5 mM) increased the steepness of the hyperpolarizing part of the voltage current curve, and the curve became more linear. It is concluded that the nonlinearity is determined mainly by potential dependent k+-channels whose conductivity increases with hyperpolarization, and Ba2+ blocks this increase in permeability. An increase in Ca2+ from 1 to 20 mM enhanced the steepness of the depolarizing part of the voltage-current curved without altering the hyperpolarizing part. It is supposed that the horizontal cell membrane has potential-dependent Ca2+- channels whose conductivity increases with depolarization. PMID- 7300965 TI - [Interrelation between neuronal responses of hippocampal fields CA1 and CA3 to photic stimulation in the cat]. PMID- 7300966 TI - [Effect of serotonin, strophanthin K and oubain on brain phospholipid metabolic intensity]. PMID- 7300967 TI - [Alanine metabolism in the brain and liver in experimental hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 7300968 TI - [Cell energy metabolism enzymes in hypoxia of varying origins]. PMID- 7300971 TI - [Diagnostic value of cerebral evoked potentials in neurology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300969 TI - [Effect of hypoxemia on the fatty acid metabolic intensity of brain phospholipids in rats of different ages]. PMID- 7300970 TI - [NADP-specific dehydrogenase activity and lipid metabolic intensity in the kidneys of growing and adult rats]. PMID- 7300972 TI - [Colour perimetry: method and diagnostic value (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300973 TI - [Public attitudes toward epilepsy in the Federal Republic of Germany. Trends from 1967 to 1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300974 TI - [Sydenham's chorea with ocular complications: case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300975 TI - [Specific writing disability following spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300976 TI - [Pure motor hemiplegia following brainstem infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300977 TI - [Brain embolism caused by congestive cardiomyopathy in chronic alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300978 TI - [Carotid endarterectomy without occlusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300980 TI - [The psychodynamic basis of depressive states (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300979 TI - [Baclofen toxicity during intermittent renal dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300981 TI - [Depression and addiction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300982 TI - [Significance of the patient's "pressure of pain" for psychotherapy and psychopathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300983 TI - [The relationship between obsessions and schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300984 TI - [Neuropsychological diagnosis of organic cerebral impairment: limits and possibilities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300985 TI - [Statistical studies of concussion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300986 TI - [Traumatic mutism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300987 TI - [Psychopathology and long-term course of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300988 TI - [Systems theory and problem of delusions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300989 TI - [Comparison of syndrome profiles for the functional psychoses, based on Kraepelin's descriptions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300990 TI - [Depressive states in schizophrenic in-patients on admission and at discharge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300991 TI - [A follow-up study of children with behaviour disorders. 2-10 years after in patient treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300992 TI - [What forms of treatment do outpatients expect from a department of psychotherapy? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300993 TI - [The problem of intervention in penal institutions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300994 TI - [Psychotropic drugs and cardiac risk factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300995 TI - [Use of electroconvulsive therapy in psychiatric treatment centres in West Germany (author's transl)]. PMID- 7300996 TI - Hyperaldosteronism due to adrenocortical carcinoma 12 years after surgical removal of an aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma. PMID- 7300997 TI - Renal pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied 76 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had autopsies performed at the University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Administration Medical Center. The most common pathological finding in the kidney was interstitial fibrosis (46%) and internal proliferation of the arterioles in the absence of hypertension (54% of the cases). Renal amyloidosis was only found in 7% of the patients. Azotemia (creatinine above 2 mg/dl) was found in 9% of the patients but was not clinically significant. In addition uremia was not a frequent cause of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7300998 TI - Effects of endotoxin tolerance on the hemodynamic changes associated with glycerol administration. AB - Rats made tolerant to endotoxin are partially protected from the histologic and functional injury that usually accompanies intramuscular administration of glycerol. Glycerol nephrotoxicity appears to correlate with the reductions in renal blood flow and cardiac output which follow injection. Studies were undertaken to determine if endotoxin tolerance would alter these hemodynamic abnormalities. A radiolabelled microsphere technique was employed to measure cardiac output and regional blood flow. Endotoxin-tolerant rats had higher cardiac outputs and renal blood flows and lower renovascular resistances than control rats when studied 90 min after intramuscular glycerol. These observations may partially explain the reduced nephrotoxicity of glycerol in rats made tolerant to endotoxin. PMID- 7300999 TI - Control of post renal biopsy hemorrhage by Gelfoam embolization. AB - A patient with severe and protracted post renal biopsy hemorrhage is presented. The bleeding site was identified by renal arteriography and the hematuria was promptly controlled by Gelfoam embolization of the artery leading directly to the bleeding site. This aggressive approach should be considered early to control hematuria and expanding perirenal hematomas in selected cases of protracted post renal biopsy hemorrhage. PMID- 7301000 TI - Acute hepatitis and erythropoiesis in chronically haemodialyzed patients. PMID- 7301002 TI - Effects of frusemide in chronic renal failure. AB - The present study was designed to refute or confirm the postulate that the use of high dose frusemide in chronic renal failure will increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). 7 patients in stable chronic renal failure were admitted to hospital for 20 days. For 10 days fluid balance was maintained and no diuretics given. During the next 10 days, a gram of frusemide was given orally, with fluid and electrolyte replacement based on the 24-hour urine collections which were made throughout the 20-day period. Daily estimations of sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine and osmolality were made on plasma and urine. The excretion of water (p less than 0.01), sodium (p less than 0.01) and potassium (p less than 0.05) increased significantly during the treatment period. There was no significant change in blood pressure, weight, creatinine clearance (C/CR), clearance of urea (C/Urea), total urea and creatinine excretion, serum sodium, potassium or osmolality. The results demonstrate that a gram of frusemide, administered to patients in stable chronic renal failure, does not have any effect on intrinsic renal function. However, there was a significant increase in urine volume, as well as sodium and potassium excretion. PMID- 7301001 TI - Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with diabetes mellitus: light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic study. AB - The present study described 3 patients with idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with diabetes mellitus. Clinical characteristics of the 3 patients contrasted with diabetic glomerulosclerosis in the following manner: absence of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy, and presence of nephrotic syndrome associated with relatively short duration of diabetes mellitus. Renal histology showed the characteristic changes of membranous glomerulonephritis along with those of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated a granular pattern of IgG and C3 deposits along the glomerular capillary wall. Electron microscopic study also demonstrated thickening of glomerular basement membrane and increase of mesangial matrix as well as the presence of electron-dense deposits primarily in the subepithelial and mesangial areas. PMID- 7301003 TI - Urination during the first three years of life. AB - Urination was studied in 15 normal infants and young children on 150 occasions in the course of metabolic balance studies. With increasing age, mean urine volume increased if expressed as ml/day and decreased if expressed as ml/kg/day. Urine volume was correlated with volume of intake (r = 0.697) and accounted for a similar percentage of volume of intake irrespective of age. The mean number of voidings decreased from 20.1 per day during the first month of life to 10.8 per day in the third year of life. Absolute voiding size increased with age but did not change per unit of body weight. This study establishes urine volume, voiding frequency and voiding size of normal children during the first 3 years of life. PMID- 7301005 TI - Uremic 'toxins' and blood platelet carbohydrate metabolism. AB - The effect of various small and middle molecular substances on blood platelet glycolysis was studied in vitro. Creatinine inhibited glucose utilization only at a concentration of 30 mg/dl; no effect of urea was found. o-Hydroxyphenolic acid and guanidinosuccinic acid, which were supposed to interfere with platelet function, inhibited glucose utilization at concentrations found in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Inhibitor of glucose utilization (IGU) peptide of middle molecular weight was found to inhibit glucose utilization without affecting glycogenolysis or lactate production. No additive or potentiating effects were found when interaction of different substances was tested. The only exception was a potentiation of IGU action on platelet glucose utilization by creatinine at a concentration of 15 mg/dl. Impaired glucose metabolism caused by 'uremic toxins' may contribute to the pathogenesis of bleeding in CRF by affecting platelet function. PMID- 7301004 TI - Acute renal failure in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - In 4 adults with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome an acute renal failure with prolonged anuria has been observed. At renal histology 1 patient showed minimal glomerular changes and 3 showed focal glomerulosclerosis. No vascular abnormalities were seen. In all cases severe tubular lesions with casts and cell debris in the lumina were observed. In 2 patients renal function improved after 3 and 6 months, respectively; the remaining 2 died after several months from the onset of acute renal failure being still anuric. Although the pathogenesis of this complication is unknown, tubular obstruction by proteinaceous casts and vasoconstriction may play an important role. The prognosis of this complication is severe, but the possibility of spontaneous recovery even after protracted anuria cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7301007 TI - [Traumatic otoliquorrhoea. Fifty patients treated surgically (author's transl)]. AB - After a fracture in the petrous bone responsible for CSF otorrhea, the discharge continues no more than a few days and ceases spontaneously, but if prolonged, meningitis becomes a considerable risk. During the past five years, we operated on 50 cases of cerebral spinal fluid otorrheas after head injury. The surgical procedures were settled after an agreement between neurosurgeons, oto-rhino laryngologists and neuroradiologists. 6 patients had a neurosurgical approach because of an associated brain lesion, 32 patients were operated only by otologists, 12 patients had presented an early or late meningitis. In most cases (41/50) a microsurgical exploration of the middle ear was performed: CSF was seen to be coming through the internal meatus acusticus into the middle ear, on account of a fracture, a luxation or a disinsertion of the annular ligament of the stirrup bone. The closing of the gap with muscle tissue, from the temporalis, gave good results, without recurrence of otorrhea or meningitis. This procedure may be performed easily and rapidly as soon as the CSF discharge does not cease after few days. This attitude, even if considered as preventive, is safer for the patient. PMID- 7301006 TI - Reversal of the normal pattern of renal choline metabolism during uremia in rats. AB - Chronic uremia was produced in rats by removal of 85% of renal mass. 3 and 8 weeks later in the remnant kidneys the normal ratio of phosphorylcholine/betaine production from 14C-choline (1:2) was reversed. Phosphorylcholine production rose from 24.0 +/- 1.4 to 45.6 +/- 4.5 pmol/min/mg protein (p less than 0.001), and betaine production fell from 51.0 +/- 1.4 to 23.1 +/- 4.5 pmol/min/mg protein (p less than 0.001). This reversed pattern is also found in fetal and neonatal kidneys and during renal compensatory growth. PMID- 7301008 TI - [Pseudo-tumoral cerebellar infarction. Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects in 12 cases (author's transl)]. AB - In those 12 observations, without associated lesion in the brain stem, diagnosis is done 3 times at autopsy, 8 times at surgical time, and once before it, on clinical and radiographic arguments. Diagnosis must be systematically evoked in front of vestibular symptoms, before severe signs, related to intracranial hypertension and brain stem compression, become evident. Iodoventriculography (7 times) and principally computerized tomography (2 times) bring conclusive arguments for diagnosis. Those infarcts are situated 9 times in the territory of the postero-inferior cerebellar artery and 3 times in the area supplied by the antero-superior cerebellar artery. Spontaneous evolution is always lethal, but prognosis after surgery is still severe (4 long term survivals in 9 cases) for the vascular system of those patients remains fragile. PMID- 7301009 TI - [Occipito-vertebral screwed plate. Indications and results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301010 TI - [Cure by medical treatment of a brain stem abscess in a case of multiple encephalic suppuration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301011 TI - [Pituitary invasive adenoma in a child. Case report of unusual extensive invasion of the orbit (author's transl)]. AB - A rare instance of pituitary invasive adenoma in a child has been reported; the unusual age of the patient and then the rarity of the orbit invasion has been emphasized. It has been further pointed out the histologically benign nature of the neoplasm, which on contrast behaves like a malignant adenoma, according to its rapid and serious anatomo-clinical evolution. PMID- 7301012 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the medulla with subarachnoid-pleural fistula (author's transl)]. AB - A case of total dural and spinal cord disruption at level T2 in a 23 month-old female is presented. The authors emphasized the absence of spinal shock in this young child. Spine X-ray examination failed to reveal any abnormality. X-ray films of the chest demonstrated fluid in the right pleural space and mediastinum associated with a subarachnoid-pleural fistula. The possible mechanisms responsible for the spinal cord disruption and the absence of spinal shock are discussed. PMID- 7301013 TI - [The birth and rise of nephrology]. PMID- 7301014 TI - [Influence of parathyroidectomy on the anemia of hemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) as a potential toxin responsible for the anemia in hemodialysed patients is suggested by the fact that 6 patients out of 12 showed improvement of their hematocrit four months after parathyroidectomy. Blood iron levels as well as calcemia, phosphoremia and hematocrit before surgery are not indicative of improvement following the intervention. A direct toxicity of PTH on erythropoiesis seems likely. PMID- 7301015 TI - [Nephropathy and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - A renal biopsy performed on a young woman with proteinuria showed a nephropathy consisting of major interstitial infiltration by lipophages and thickening of the glomerular capillary walls with a large amount of "spikes". Anti-IgG, IgM, C3 and C1q sera bound themselves to the extramembranous deposits and the anti-IgM serum to the endomembranous deposits. This striking finding was associated with a regenerative nodular hyperplasia of the liver, an entity that has been observed in only about 20 cases. An underlying immunological defect was suggested by the continuous presence of a mixed cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 7301016 TI - [The peritoneum, a third kidney?]. PMID- 7301017 TI - [Two forerunners of the encephalopathy of hemodialysed patients : osteomalacic osteodystrophy and electroencephalographic alterations. Influence of the aluminium concentration in the dialysis fluid (author's transl)]. AB - In a hemodialysis center where the dialysate fluid is rich in aluminium (200 microgram/l), 19 out of 23 patients presented an osteopathy which was severe in most cases. It was also noted that 16 patients showed encephalographic alterations occurring early on, revealed by repeated recordings, and classified in three stages according to severity : the most serious stage presents as paroxysmal bursts of high voltage waves and precedes the myoclonic encephalopathy of dialysed patients. Ten patients showed this complication, and 4 of them died of it. These findings are confronted with the minimal bone and brain alterations of 24 patients undergoing dialysis in another center where the treatment is identical with the exception of the low aluminium content of the dialysate fluid (25 microgram/l). PMID- 7301018 TI - [Disorders of pressure-volume regulation in chronic essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7301020 TI - [Emergencies in acute medical uremias]. PMID- 7301019 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism and anemia: experimental study in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Red blood cell (RBC) production has been explored in hyperparathyroid as compared to normal rats. The hyperparathyroid state was obtained by feeding the rats a calcium-deficient diet during 30 days. A significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in reticulocyte count and in erythrocyte 59Fe incorporation was observed in hyperparathyroid rats when compared to control animals. A comparable inhibition of erythrocyte 59Fe incorporation in hyperparathyroid rats was found when the study was performed after stimulating bone marrow activity by acute arterial hemorrhage. These results of decreased RBC production using a model of endogenous hyperparathyroidism could be confirmed in additional experiments using a model of exogenous hyperparathyroidism. In this model, the rats received either parathyroid extract (3 x 10 USP/day during 8 days) or vehicle only. Again, a decrease in erythrocyte 59Fe incorporation was observed in hyperparathyroid animals when compared to control animals. It is concluded that the hyperparathyroid state is accompanied by a decrease of RBC production in the rat. It is probable that a similar pathogenesis underlies the anemia of patients with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 7301021 TI - [Anti-laminin and anti-type IV procollagen antibodies in Goodpasture's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The sera of 24 patients presenting with Good-pasture's syndrome, and of 30 normal blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-basement membrane (BM) antibodies, by a radioimmunological method, using two highly purified BM antigens, i.e. the type IV (BM) procollagen and a non-collagenous glycoprotein (laminin) isolated from the BM matrix secreted by a murine tumor. In marked contrast to the normal sera, the sera from 20 out of 24 patients presenting with Goodpasture's syndrome exhibited high anti-laminin and/or anti-type IV procollagen antibody levels. The other sera did not react with both BM antigens tested. The antibody titers varied according to the antigens used the sera tested. Kidney eluates from 4 "positive" patients also contained significant amounts of anti-laminin and anti-type IV procollagen antibodies. The data demonstrate that, in Goodpasture's syndrome, the pathogenicity of circulating and kidney-fixed anti-BM antibodies is not related to the chemical nature of the BM antigens triggering the immune response only. They suggest a polyclonal rather than a monoclonal stimulation in this disease. PMID- 7301024 TI - [Acute renal failure in congenital nephrotic syndrome of protracted development]. PMID- 7301023 TI - [Anticoagulants with antithrombinase activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - An anticoagulant with antithrombinase activity was looked for in 49 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and found to be present in 14 of them. The latter were suffering from severe and progressive lupus, specially with arterial involvement. The presence of an isolated antithrombinase does not contraindicate a renal biopsy provided the platelet count and other coagulation factors are normal. PMID- 7301025 TI - [Ethnic factors in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7301022 TI - [Specific measurement of alternate pathway activation of complement in human glomerulonephritides (GN): 125 cases (author's transl)]. AB - C3 cleaving activity through alternate pathway, appreciated by native C3 antigen reduction in the presence of Mg EGTA, has been measured in sera of 40 controls and of 125 GN patients. The normal percentage of native C3 conversion ranged from 0 to 29 in controls (p less than 0.05). The number of positive samples is 0/30 in lupus GN (0%), 13/29 in acute GN (45%) and 26/66 in membranoproliferative GN (39%) with 7/8 in dense deposits subtype. The presence of alternate pathway activators of complement correlated with serum C3 level: their frequency is respectively 0, 0.32, and 0.48 if serum C3 is normal, low, and very low. Such activity correlated also well with alternate pathway C3 activation (low C3 and normal C4): the frequency of positive samples is respectively 0, 0.07, and 0.51 in the presence of No C3 activation, classical pathway activation (low C3 and low C4), and alternate pathway activation. The nature of such serum activators could be nephritic factor, bacterial polysaccharides, polymeric IgA, activated properdin, peculiar immune complexes, or other factors. Such measurement is an improvement immunopathological step in the investigation of human GN. PMID- 7301026 TI - [Lithium elimination by the isolated perfused rat kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of lithium, a drug with a narrow therapeutic index, depends on the renal elimination of the metal. An open circuit, constant flow isolated rat kidney preparation perfused with gelatinized (Haemaccel) Krebs-solution, was used to study the urinary elimination of lithium relative to sodium. A series of 88 kidney preparations perfused with a solution containing 0.47 mmol/l lithium was compared to another of 52 kidney preparations perfused without lithium. Lithium reduced the tubular reabsorption of sodium but did not modify the elimination of potassium. There is a strong correlation between the tubular reabsorption of lithium and of sodium. The correlation between tubular reabsorption of lithium and filtered load demonstrates the existence of a glomerulo-tubular balance. PMID- 7301027 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and nephrology]. PMID- 7301028 TI - [Drug induced nephrolithiasis: observation of an oxalate and hydroxylated triamterene stone (author's transl)]. AB - A 54-year old man who had been taking triamterene (150 mg daily) over a period of 8 months, passed a 3 mm stone partly coated with mustard-colored substance. Metabolic evaluation showed only mild-hyperoxaluria. Through IR spectrography after microdissection, thin-layer chromatography, UV light examination, and mass spectrometry, the stone if found to consist of 70% whewellite, 5% protein, 5% carbapatite and 20% triamterene and hydroxylated triamterene, and perhaps also the sulfate conjugate of this metabolite. In spite of the few number of observations (two cases have been reported previously), triamterene seems likely to induce stone formation, both alone and associated with urate or oxalate, and triamterene should be used cautiously in patients with a predisposition for nephrolithiasis. PMID- 7301029 TI - [Experimental approach to the treatment of lupus nephritis by use of an accelerated model of the NZBxNZW mouse disease (author's transl)]. AB - An accelerated model of the NZBxNZW mouse disease is described. The acceleration of the disease was induced by the simultaneous injections of DNA complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin and of bacterial lipopolysaccharide which allow for the production, early in life, of high levels of anti-DNA antibodies. This new model was found to be suitable for therapeutic studies in mice with accelerated disease treated with cyclophosphamide and heparin. PMID- 7301030 TI - [Subclinical glomerulonephritis with dense deposits in the course of partial lipodystrophy (author's transl)]. AB - In a young woman with partial lipodystrophy accompanied by hypocomplementemia related to circulating C3NF activity, renal biopsy revealed dense deposits in the basement membranes of the glomerular capillaries without any evidence of urinary syndrome. This early form was not revealed by light microscopy and was confirmed only by ultrastructural examination. The morphological characteristics are similar to those occurring in renal grafts. The authors point out that subclinical forms of glomerulonephritis must be considered in cases of lipodystrophy and hypocomplementemia. PMID- 7301031 TI - [Some aspects of primary consultations in nephrology: results of a multicenter survey in France]. PMID- 7301032 TI - [Splenomegaly and displacement of a remaining left kidney (author's transl)]. AB - A case of displacement of remaining left kidney across the midline because of a big splenic enlargement due to chronic lymphoid leukemia is reported. As observed in the rare cases of the literature, this observation illustrates that the kidney returns to a normal position after disappearance of the splenomegaly, in this case after chemotherapy followed later by splenectomy. PMID- 7301034 TI - [Acute renal failure induced by sulfinpyrazone (author's transl)]. AB - We report on 4 cases of reversible acute renal failure (ARF), appearing within the first days after institution of a sulfinpyrazone treatment (600 mg p. day) early after a myocardial infarction. Urinary data were consistent with an acute tubular necrosis. A renal biopsy, performed in 3 patients, revealed only very discrete tubular and interstitial lesions, not helpful in the understanding of the ARF. Three pathogenetic mechanisms could be evoked. Data in favour of an acute tubular precipitation of uric acid or an immunologically induced acute interstitial nephritis are lacking. More probably this ARF is due to an inhibitory effect of sulfinpyrazone on the renal prostaglandin synthesis. Early after a myocardial infarction, renal prostaglandins could play an important protective role in maintaining the renal circulation. Renal function should be monitored closely when sulfinpyrazone is prescribed, especially early after a myocardial infarction. PMID- 7301033 TI - [Aluminum and the encephalopathy of hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 7301035 TI - [Diuretics and vascular risk factors. Comparison between tienilic acid and chlorothiazide (author's transl)]. AB - Tienilic acid (250 mg/day) was compared with chlorothiazide (500 mg/day) in 25 hypertensive patients in a randomized cross-over study (2 periods of 2 months). Mean supine arterial pressure was lower with tienilic acid than with chlorothiazide (106 +/- 3 vs 111 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) whereas no difference could be noted in body weight, natriuresis and plasma renin activity. Glucose tolerance tests were altered in the same fashion. Serum cholesterol (234 with tienilic acid and 239 mg/dl with chlorothiazide) and serum triglyceride levels (178 with tienilic acid and 179 mg/dl with chlorothiazide) were not different. Serum urate concentrations were lower with tienilic acid (4.8 mg/dl) than with chlorothiazide (7.8 mg/dl) whereas fractional excretion of urate was much higher with tienilic acid (17 +/- 2%) than with chlorothiazide (7 +/- 2%). Thus, the only metabolic advantage of tienilic acid over chlorothiazide is its hypouricemic effect which warrants long term studies to evaluate its vascular prognostic significance. PMID- 7301037 TI - Simple and choice reaction time in dementia: clinical implications. AB - The present study investigated differences between normal elderly subjects matched for age and education and patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) on two measures of reaction time (RT). Statistically significant group differences clearly demonstrate that normal elderly subjects have faster RT than subjects with senile dementia on all RT tasks. The DAT patients were most clearly differentiated in terms of overall group means and clinical classification from their age-matched counterparts on the choice of RT task. Eleven of 12 (92%) DAT patients displayed choice RT's 2 or more standard deviations above those of age matched normals. While both RT measures were discriminative between patients and normals, the overall results argue for increased sensitivity when choice is required in RT in accessing the cognitive deficits in DAT. PMID- 7301036 TI - Profound effects of combining choline and piracetam on memory enhancement and cholinergic function in aged rats. AB - In an attempt to gain some insight into possible approaches to reducing age related memory disturbances, aged Fischer 344 rats were administered either vehicle, choline, piracetam or a combination of choline or piracetam. Animals in each group were tested behaviorally for retention of a one trial passive avoidance task, and biochemically to determine changes in choline and acetylcholine levels in hippocampus, cortex and striatum. Previous research has shown that rats of this strain suffer severe age-related deficits on this passive avoidance task and that memory disturbances are at least partially responsible. Those subjects given only choline (100 mg/kg) did not differ on the behavioral task from control animals administered vehicle. Rats given piracetam (100 mg/kg) performed slightly better than control rats (p less than 0.05), but rats given the piracetam/choline combination (100 mg/kg of each) exhibited retention scores several times better than those given piracetam alone. In a second study, it was shown that twice the dose of piracetam (200 mg/kg) or choline (200 mg/kg) alone, still did not enhance retention nearly as well as when piracetam and choline (100 mg/kg of each) were administered together. Further, repeated administration (1 week) of the piracetam/choline combination was superior to acute injections. Regional determinations of choline and acetylcholine revealed interesting differences between treatments and brain area. Although choline administration raised choline content about 50% in striatum and cortex, changes in acetylcholine levels were much more subtle (only 6-10%). No significant changes following choline administration were observed in the hippocampus. However, piracetam alone markedly increased choline content in hippocampus (88%) and tended to decrease acetylcholine levels (19%). No measurable changes in striatum or cortex were observed following piracetam administration. The combination of choline and piracetam did not potentiate the effects seen with either drug alone, and in certain cases the effects were much less pronounced under the drug combination. These data are discussed as they relate to possible effects of choline and piracetam on cholinergic transmission and other neuronal function, and how these effects may reduce specific memory disturbances in aged subjects. The results of these studies demonstrate that the effects of combining choline and piracetam are quite different than those obtained with either drug alone and support the notion that in order to achieve substantial efficacy in aged subjects it may be necessary to reduce multiple, interactive neurochemical dysfunctions in the brain, or affect activity in more than one parameter of a deficient metabolic pathway. PMID- 7301038 TI - Age related changes in the control of prolactin secretion in the female rat. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of advancing age on the control of pituitary prolactin secretion. The effects of dopaminergic inhibition and estrogen stimulation of pituitary prolactin secretion were tested both in vivo and in vitro. Estrogen stimulated prolactin secretion in both old and young animals, and elevated estrogen levels in old rats may be partially responsible for elevated prolactin levels. Oral L-DOPA administration induced cycles in old rats but had no effect on prolactin levels in either old or young rats. Injections of L-DOPA lowered prolactin in young but not in old rats, while apomorphine reduced prolactin levels in both groups. The pituitaries of young rats secrete more prolactin in vitro than old pituitaries, further supporting a decrease in hypothalamic DA turnover as a cause for elevated prolactin levels in old rats. PMID- 7301039 TI - Preservation of retinal structure in aged pigmented mice. AB - The effects on the retina of advancing age were studied in pigmented mouse strain (C57BL/6J). The mice range in age from 65 days to 1000 days, an age well beyond the mean life span of the population (850 days). The thickness of the neuronal and plexiform layers and the planimetric density and size of the component neurons were assessed in both central (200-500 micrometers from the optic disc) and peripheral (within 200 micrometers of the retinal margin) areas. In addition, the overall size of the retina was determined by measuring its length along the horizontal meridian. Although retinas of albino rodents degenerate extensively during aging [10, 18, 31, 32, 40], in the retinas of pigmented mice neither the central nor the peripheral locus showed either marked thinning of the retinal layers or neuronal loss with advancing age. We suggest that previous findings of severe retinal degeneration in albino rodents during aging can be attributed to their lack of pigment and that pigmented animals offer a more suitable animal model for normal retinal aging. PMID- 7301040 TI - Age related changes in the endocrine hypothalamus: I. Tanycytes and the blood brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. AB - The fine structural organization of the floor of the third cerebral ventricle (dorsum of the median eminence of the hypothalamus) of 2 normal adult mice Fisher 344 rats was compared and contrasted with that of 2 aged rats 30 months old. Closely juxtaposed tanycytes (specialized ependymal cells) of normal young adults in the lower walls and floor of the third ventricle. In contrast, tanycytes in aged rats demonstrated significant intracellular separations, with only fine cytoplasmic processes remaining to interlink them. The phenomenon of mechanical separation between tanycytes in aged animals is discussed with respect to a potential impairment in the integrity of the blood-brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. PMID- 7301041 TI - Glycerophospholipid metabolism in neuronal and glial cell-enriched fractions. AB - The metabolism of phospholipids in separated glial and neuronal cells has been reviewed in this paper. Lipids are more abundant in glia; on the other hand, in vivo experiments performed with labeled precursors have indicated that lipid turnover is faster in neurons (with the possible exception of oligodendroglia). Biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of lipid metabolism have been studied in separated cells (mainly in neurons and astroglia) and have been shown to be almost always more active in neurons. Also base exchange is probably more active in these cells. Therefore the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that neurons are more active than astroglia in metabolizing glycerophospholipids. PMID- 7301042 TI - Compartmentation in amino acid transport across the blood brain barrier. AB - Under steady-state conditions, the transport rates for amino acids from blood to brain have been found to be about half that seen using the intraarterial injection technique. Using a method that mathematically mimics the constant infusion procedure, we were able to reconcile this apparent discrepancy. At less than 1 min after subcutaneous injection of [14C]tyrosine in mice, we have observed a rate of entry into brain of 19.7 nmol/g/min, while from 1-15 min we have measured the rate at 6.4 nmol/g/min. Using methionine sulfoximine as an inhibitor of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, the early rate was reduced to 10.0 nmol/g/min and the later rate to 3.7 nmol/g/min. These data are consistent with a two-compartment system regulating amino acid transport into the neurons. A mathematical model fit to these data indicates that the first compartment contains 8.3 nanomoles of tyrosine per gram brain or about 6.7% of the brain total. It is speculated that the first compartment consists primarily of the astrocytes. PMID- 7301043 TI - Protein phosphorylation mediates effects of isoproterenol on adenylate cyclase activity in rat cortical membranes. AB - The effects of (-)-isoproterenol on adenylate cyclase activity were studied in rat cerebral cortical membranes prepared and assayed in the presence of calcium ions. In assays carried out in the presence of high Mg2+ concentrations (5-10 mM) and of Ca2+ in the micromolar range, addition of 1-100 micro M (-)-isoproterenol caused over 50% inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Since these conditions are optimal for supporting endogenous phosphorylative activity in synaptic membranes, we tested whether the observed effects are mediated by changes in the phosphorylation of specific proteins in these membranes. This was done by preincubation of lysed synaptosomes under phosphorylating conditions in the presence and absence of isoproterenol followed by extensive washes and analysis of cyclic AMP formation in resuspended membranes. Addition of (-)-isoproterenol to the preincubation resulted in a 30% decrease of adenylate cyclase activity in the reincubation. Inclusion of [gamma-32P]ATP in the preincubation and examination of the phosphorylation state of specific proteins in membranes entering the reincubation revealed that (-)-isoproterenol inhibited the phosphorylation of a specific protein band with apparent molecular weight of 47,000 (designated band F). These results support the hypothesis that alterations in membrane protein phosphorylation induced by neurotransmitters play a role in the regulation of adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 7301044 TI - Abstracts of communications of the Japanese Neurochemical Society. PMID- 7301045 TI - Automated microscopy. AB - A number of automated microscopes are now commercially available. The principles of operation of such apparatus are briefly sketched and the main processes in the automation of picture acquisition and analysis are outlined. Examples are given of the automated examination of micrographs of nerves and muscles. The limitations of automated microscopy at the present time are stressed, but it is argued that the apparatus can be usefully employed for simple counting and sizing tasks while improved capabilities are being developed. PMID- 7301046 TI - Functional aspects and pathogenetic considerations of the neuropathy in the spontaneously diabetic BB-Wistar rat. AB - Electrophysiological features were studied longitudinally in the spontaneously diabetic insulin-dependent, BB-Wistar rat. These were correlated in time with the state of the patency of the protective barriers in peripheral nerves. Motor nerve conduction velocity was significantly slowed only 3 weeks after the onset of the diabetes. When ultrastructural changes began, the maximal conduction velocity was further diminished. The amplitudes of evoked muscle potentials and distal latencies were significantly altered in diabetic rats. No change in the permeability of the blood-nerve barrier could be demonstrated before, during or after the onset of the nerve conduction defect. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed and a possible mechanism is suggested, namely a reduced availability of energy to axons in diabetes. PMID- 7301047 TI - Evidence for hypothalamic noradrenergic involvement in naloxone-induced stimulation of luteinizing hormone release. AB - A single injection of the opiate antagonist, naloxone (NAL), resulted in a fourfold increase in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration 20 min after injection. To determine whether noradrenergic neurons were involved, male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha-MPT), phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (PBH), or diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), all anti noradrenergic drugs. Reduction of hypothalamic norepinephrine synthesis by alpha MPT or DDC, or blockade of the alpha-receptors by PBH, resulted in complete suppression of NAL-induced LH release. These results suggest that the NAL-induced increase in LH release is mediated in part via a hypothalamic noradrenergic mechanism. PMID- 7301048 TI - Evidence for an inhibitory influence of the pineal on prolactin in the female rat. AB - The effect of the pineal gland on prolactin (PRL) synthesis, storage and release was tested in female rats. To do this, we incubated in vitro hemi-anterior pituitaries from 80-day-old female rats that had been rendered, 8 weeks previously, either blind-anosmic, blind-anosmic and pinealectomized or left intact. Reproductive organ weights, pituitary weights and pituitary DNA content were decreased in animals rendered both blind and anosmic. These effects were reversed by removal of the pineal gland. Additionally, the serum levels of PRL were diminished in blind-anosmic rats from that of intact controls. The synthesis of PRL in vitro was dramatically reduced in the pituitaries of blind-anosmic rats as evidenced by a 63% decrease in [3H]leucine incorporation into PRL from that observed in the intact group. Likewise, the total amount (medium + pituitaries) of radioimmunoassayable PRL in vitro was depressed by 26% in the blind-anosmic group as compared with intact controls. Pinealectomy reversed the reductions in de novo synthesized and total immunoreactive PRL in vitro. From these studies we conclude that in the blind-anosmic female rat the pineal chronically inhibits PRL synthesis and storage in the pituitary and, possibly, its release into the blood. These pineal-induced effects could be accounted for by a reduction in the pituitary mammotroph as might be indicated by the decrease in pituitary DNA content observed in dual-sensory deprived rats. PMID- 7301049 TI - Serum hormone levels during sleep and wakefulness in the immature female rat. AB - Variations in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and corticosterone in the states of arousal, slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep were studied as a function of time from the onset of arousal and sleep which were determined polygraphically in 27- to 30-day-old female rats. Markedly high LH values occurred more frequently during slow wave sleep than during other stages, resulting in a tendency to greater mean LH levels in the state of slow wave sleep. Variations in PRL values at various states of the sleep-waking cycle were not very large, but a statistically significant peak occurred shortly after the sleep onset. The mean PRL values obtained after 5 min of paradoxical sleep were lower than those obtained during slow wave sleep. Mean GH values were higher during sleep than arousal state, and the mean during paradoxical sleep was highest. GH levels peaked at 30 min after sleep onset. Corticosterone values were highest in the arousal state, and decreased abruptly after 20 min of sleep. There were no significant variations in FSH and TSH levels in serum during various sleep-waking states. These secretory patterns of anterior pituitary hormones during a sleep-waking cycle are quite similar to those in man. PMID- 7301050 TI - Relative efficiency of neural firing patterns for vasopressin release in vitro. AB - Single rat neurohypophyses were impaled on a platinum electrode, perifused with isotonic medium and fractions of perifusate collected each minute. Arginine vasopressin content of the fractions was measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal release of arginine vasopressin varied from 50 to 350 pg (0.02-0.14 mU/min) between individual neurohypophyses. Recordings previously obtained from rat supraoptic neurones provided the patterns for electrical stimulation. 8-min segments of a phasically and a continuously firing neurone were selected such that each was firing at a mean rate of 6 spikes/s and possessed very similar overall distributions of interspike intervals. In 15 experiments individual neurohypophyses were stimulated with the phasic pattern, followed by the continuous pattern, or vice versa, separated by an 8-min unstimulated period. In either case, significantly more hormone was released during phasic stimulation than during continuous stimulation. It is concluded that the phasic firing pattern typical of vasopressin neurones is highly efficient for the release of vasopressin from the neurohypophysis, but that its effectiveness does not lie in an increased preponderance of short interspike intervals. PMID- 7301051 TI - Effect of two indirectly acting dopamine agonists on prolactin secretion in normo and hyperprolactinemic subjects: comparison with the effect of nomifensine. PMID- 7301052 TI - Pituitary cell transplants to the cerebral ventricle suppress the pituitary of the recipient host. AB - Implantation of 1 x 10(6) acutely dispersed rat pituitary cells into the lateral ventricles of sexually immature and mature female rats of both the Sprague-Dawley and Fisher strains significantly suppressed the weight and protein content of the in situ pituitary 12 days postimplantation. Body weight gains in the young animals were also significantly lower. Changes in the in situ pituitary of the cell implanted groups were demonstrated by repeatable reductions (approximately 50%) in total pituitary GH and PRL content. Total pituitary TSH, FSH and LH were usually unaffected. Although the mechanism of cell-mediated suppression of the host pituitary is unknown, the approach should be of use in future studies of feedback regulation on pituitary gland function. PMID- 7301053 TI - Corticosteroid modulation and stress-induced analgesia in rats. AB - Early evidence has indicated the presence and involvement of specific neural systems which can inhibit the responses to painful stimuli. More recently, further advances suggest that the opiate system may interact with other systems to modulate the analgesia produced by the opiates or various stressors. Since corticosteroids were found to be elevated under the conditions of different stress-induced analgesia (SIA), there may be interactions between the pain inhibiting systems and the corticosteroids. Recently it was reported that acute stress or long-term adrenalectomy can result in release of beta-endorphin (beta E) and ACTH from the pituitary gland, which can be blocked by dexamethasone. In our early studies we have shown partial antagonism of the SIA by dexamethasone and complete antagonism after naloxone. In this report it was found that chronic treatment of the rats with 0.02% metyrapone in drinking water for 8 weeks resulted in minor hyperalgesia. The chronic pretreatment with metyrapone resulted in a significant potentiation of the analgesia induced via the cold swim stress model, which was reversed by 1 mg/kg (IP) naloxone. Also, hyperalgesia was noted 18 days after the bilateral adrenalectomy of the rats as measured in our laboratory by the hot plate method and as reported by Heybach and Vernikos Danellis in 1978. These results suggest that the corticosteroid modulation (pituitary-adrenal axis) may have a role in regulating the SIA, and this may implicate the interactions of the corticosteroids with pain-inhibiting systems. PMID- 7301054 TI - Fluphenazine-induced decline in striatal acetylcholine content is not abolished by exogenous choline. PMID- 7301055 TI - Dose effects of pentobarbital on evoked potentials in visual cortex and superior colliculus of the albino rat. PMID- 7301056 TI - Neuropharmacology of the afferent projections from the lateral habenula and substantia nigra to the anterior raphe in the rat. PMID- 7301057 TI - Role of dose interval in the acquisition of tolerance to methylphenidate. PMID- 7301058 TI - [Round table: obesity in children]. PMID- 7301059 TI - [Eating habits and psychic dynamics of obese adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301060 TI - [The child and his sickness. A psychoanalytical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301061 TI - [Indications for and prescription of psychotropic drugs in child and adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 7301062 TI - Disability caused by minor head injury. PMID- 7301063 TI - Prospective study of patients hospitalized with head injury in San Diego County, 1978. AB - The characteristics of 1311 head-injured patients admitted to 10 selected San Diego hospitals are detailed. Fifty patients who subsequently died are included. Glasgow coma scale scores were strongly related to survival. After adjustment for the Glasgow coma scale score, there was an independent association between age and survival, but not between sex and survival. The four characteristics associated with head injury that bore the highest case fatality ratios (all greater than 30%) in descending order were spinal cord injury, obstructed airway, difficulty breathing, and shock. Previous unconsciousness and transport by private vehicle were predictive of survival. None of the four adverse predictors or multiple injury showed an independent association with mortality when the Glasgow coma scale score was taken into account. PMID- 7301064 TI - Flaccidity after head injury: diagnosis, management, and outcome. AB - Upon admission, 17 of 223 (8%) consecutive patients with severe head injury exhibited a flaccid, wholly unresponsive motor examination. In this study alcoholic intoxication neither caused depressed motor responsiveness in head injured patients with high serum ethanol levels nor accounted for the motor examination in those exhibiting the flaccid state. Flaccidity was attributed principally to impaired ventilation in 4 patients, a major intracranial mass in 12, and a spinal cord injury in 1. Compared to the larger group of head-injured patients, the flaccid patients had a significantly greater incidence of hypercapnia (P less than 0.001), acidosis (P less than 0.01), and both elevated and uncontrollable intracranial pressure (ICP) (P less than 0.001). These findings and the high mortality rate (76%) in this study suggest that the magnitude of respiratory complications and the severity of mechanical brain injury are greater in flaccid patients. The flaccid patients undergoing surgical decompression for major intracranial mass lesions (11 cases) have all died and, although still small in number, this group may represent an important subset with a poor prognosis. Nonetheless, a protocol that encourages rapid radiological and electrophysiological assessment and vigorous surgical and ICP management until the probable cause of flaccidity is identified and treated has benefit. The flaccid state was reversed and a good recovery was attained after the restoration of blood pressure and/or ventilation in 2 patients who appeared to have sustained a very grave head injury. In another patient, absent somatosensory evoked potentials greatly facilitated the diagnosis of a spinal subdural hematoma. This program of prompt diagnosis and intense therapy did not result in a protracted course or undue numbers of severely brain-damaged survivors. PMID- 7301066 TI - Chordoma of the cervical spine. AB - Eight cases of chordoma limited to the cervical spine are presented. The radiological features are analyzed. Although there is no single diagnostic feature, the combination of osteosclerosis and lysis, multiple vertebral involvement, and the presence of a pre- or paracervical mass is strongly suggestive of a chordoma. Although none of our patients can be considered cured, we recommend an anterior cervical approach with radical removal of the tumor and interbody fusion followed by immobilization in a halo vest and postoperative radiation therapy. The biological behavior of the tumor is extremely variable, and multiple operations for symptomatic recurrences may be helpful. PMID- 7301065 TI - Intratumoral hemorrhage after a ventriculoperitoneal shunting procedure. AB - Ventriculoperitoneal shunting has been accepted as a safe and useful preliminary procedure that lowers the mortality and morbidity of definitive surgery for tumors causing obstructive hydrocephalus. We are reporting four patients with intratumoral hemorrhage as a complication of shunting. The hemorrhage was massive and fatal in two patients, one with an unverified pineal tumor and the other with a malignant astrocytoma of the thalamus. The hemorrhage was small and limited in the other two patients, one with a glioblastoma of the thalamus and the other with a cerebellar astrocytoma. On the basis of this experience, we conclude that the possibility of intratumoral hemorrhage should be taken into consideration when planning the preoperative management of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by brain tumors. It is possible that ventricular decompression may result in rapid motion and distortion of the intracranial structures and a sudden imbalance between intracranial and intratumoral pressures, leading to vascular insufficiency, congestion, and then hemorrhage within the tumor. PMID- 7301067 TI - Spinal epidural abscess in children. AB - This is a report of three children with spinal epidural abscess. The literature is reviewed and the features of this condition in children are noted. Because of the nonspecificity of presenting symptoms in children, the diagnosis may be delayed, resulting in a worse outcome, especially in children under 1 year of age. The extensive laminectomy advised for the treatment of spinal epidural abscesses in adults is undesirable in children because of the risk of spinal deformity and in most cases is probably not necessary. PMID- 7301068 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of giant aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system: report of eight cases. AB - Giant aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar system can easily mimic other mass lesions in the posterior fossa and 3rd ventricle. Recently, we treated eight cases of giant aneurysm in the vertebrobasilar circulation that were demonstrated by computed tomography with angiographic correlation. We describe the salient radiological features that help to distinguish giant aneurysms from neoplasms and discuss their clinical manifestations and surgical management. PMID- 7301069 TI - Delayed thrombosis of synthetic microvascular bypass grafts. AB - A 3-mm-diameter synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cervical carotid bypass graft 20 cm in length was implanted in 30 dogs for the evaluation of blood flow, tissue response, and patency at intervals of 1 to 120 days. Although 4 of 5 grafts removed after 5 to 8 days were patent (80%), long term patency was observed in only 1 graft (10%). Aspirin treatment did not influence patency. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the lack of a neoendothelial layer upon the luminal surfaces of patent grafts, which were covered with a fibrin-blood cell lining. Subintimal fibrosis resulted in stenosis at sites of anastomosis in thrombosed grafts. The graft length, its small caliber, and a 40% decrease in blood flow after implantation may have contributed to thrombosis of the bypass graft in this model. Synthetic PTFE microvascular grafts may not be suitable for clinical use in extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass surgery. PMID- 7301070 TI - Mechanisms of whole blood-induced cerebral arterial contraction. AB - Using rabbit cerebral arteries in an in vitro chamber, we examined the cerebral arterial contraction initiated by clotting whole blood. By using methysergide maleate and a novel thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, 1-carboxyheptylimidazole (1 CHI), we studied the contributions of both serotonin and the prostaglandin metabolite thromboxane A2. Nontreated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the presence of methysergide produced a reliable contraction, whereas platelet-poor plasma did not. PRP from a rabbit pretreated with 1-CHI (50 mg/kg) compared to nontreated PRP caused a significantly smaller contraction. Blockade of this cerebral arterial contraction occurred without the disruption of platelet aggregation. Whole blood (1 ml) plus thrombin produced a consistent contraction over the 1 hour that was monitored. Whole blood drawn from a rabbit pretreated with 1-CHI (50 mg/kg) produced a smaller contraction, which began to dissipate in 5 minutes. When nontreated whole blood was added to the chamber in the presence of methysergide maleate (1.3 X 10(-5) g/ml), a contraction less than control was produced, and it persisted at 30 minutes. When whole blood pretreated with 1-CHI (50 mg/kg) was added to the chamber containing methysergide, there was a transient contraction that dissipated to nearly zero at 30 minutes. From our results, it is apparent that the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor has a profound effect on the later phase of blood-induced vasoconstriction. In contrast, the serotonin antagonist affected primarily the initial vasoconstriction and left the later phase largely unaltered. The role of thrombin, used to initiate coagulation, was also examined, and it was found to have a minimal direct constrictive effect when in a plasma solution. PMID- 7301072 TI - Histological evaluation of neural damage from electrical stimulation: considerations for the selection of parameters for clinical application. AB - The relationship of charge density per phase, or QD/ph (expressed in units of microcoulombs per cm2 per phase of the charge-balanced wave form), and total charge (QDt) to neural damage has been investigated by light and electron microscopy after surface stimulation of the parietal cortex in normal cats. QD/ph values ranging from 40 to 400 were achieved by varying several stimulus parameters. The least amount of neural damage in this study was observed at QD/ph 40). The extent of neural injury at stimulated sites increased with the charge density and was evident as disruption of cell membranes, intracytoplasmic vacoulation, an increasing glycogen content, the deposition of intracellular calcium hydroxyapatite, and neuronal and astrocytic degeneration. Although individual factors contributing to neural damage are isolated with difficulty, charge density and total charge seem to be predominant among the contributing parameters. In view of these findings, recommendations have been made for the selection of electrical stimulus parameters to be used in central nervous system prostheses. PMID- 7301071 TI - Endocrine function in the Kluver-Bucy syndrome: studies in adult female rhesus monkeys. AB - Although the behavioral abnormalities of the Kluver-Bucy syndrome are well known, an investigation of the endocrine parameters had not been undertaken previously. The authors report normal reproductive cyclicity (including preserved feedback mechanisms) and growth hormone and cortisol secretion patterns in female rhesus monkeys with the syndrome. It is concluded that the abnormal behavior seen in the Kluver-Bucy syndrome is not associated with abnormalities of the reproductive mechanisms. PMID- 7301073 TI - Delayed complication of Matson operation for hydrocephalus: case report. AB - A 26-year-old woman had had a lumbar subarachnoid-ureteral shunt established at the age of 10 weeks for hydrocephalus. She developed normally and had no trouble until meningitis developed because of reflux from a urinary tract infection. The meningitis responded to antibiotic treatment, and the shunt was removed from the subarachnoid space. Subsequently, the patient deteriorated clinically, with ictal episodes of altered consciousness, headache, and signs of midbrain dysfunction. Despite normal size ventricles on serial computed tomographic scans, her intracranial pressure was markedly elevated, which was shown by spinal puncture pressure. A diversionary lumboperitoneal shunt was inserted. An immediate, sustained recovery followed. The recognition of increased intracranial pressure in the absence of ventriculomegaly led to management that averted a disastrous outcome. PMID- 7301074 TI - Traumatic intracranial aneurysm in an infant: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7301075 TI - Intracerebral metastasis of esophageal carcinoma: case report. PMID- 7301077 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Sweden. PMID- 7301076 TI - Postoperative cervical pseudomeningocele as a cause of delayed myelopathy. AB - A spinal cord-injured patient developed progressive myelopathy 6 months after operative decompression of the cervico-medullary junction. At the time of the initial operation, the dura mater had been left open. A computed tomographic body scan revealed a cervical pseudomeningocele, which was repaired surgically. After operation, there was reversal of the patient's progressive neurological dysfunction. PMID- 7301078 TI - Research, research training, and neurological surgery. PMID- 7301079 TI - Hydromyelia: clinical presentation and comparison of modalities of treatment. AB - The clinical and radiographic features of 60 cases of hydromyelia area discussed. A combination of motor and sensory symptoms and signs is the usual presentation, but pure motor or sensory forms of the disease are not infrequent. Pain and scoliosis are usually associated with a high degree of blockage. A normal spinal fluid protein content in the presence of an enlarged spinal cord is of diagnostic value. Important radiographic clues include widening of the spinal cord without venous stagnation and collapse of the spinal cord visualized with the patient in the upright position. Metrizamide computed tomography is now used routinely, and the contrast agent may at times appear in the dilated central spinal canal. Decompression of the foramen magnum is the treatment of choice in the presence of an associated Arnold-Chiari malformation and is the treatment most likely to succeed. In selected cases, decompressive laminectomy and syringostomy may be indicated. Percutaneous spinal cord puncture is a safe diagnostic-therapeutic procedure which, surprisingly, may afford relief equal to that of more drastic measures. Therefore, percutaneous spinal cord puncture may be an option of therapeutic value in a disorder that is frustrating to treat. PMID- 7301080 TI - Craniosynostosis: computed tomographic evaluation of skull base and calvarial deformities and associated intracranial changes. AB - Computed tomography has proven useful in children with craniosynostosis for the evaluation of deformity of the skull base, calvarium, and parenchymal brain structures. A retrospective analysis of 24 children seen during a 4-year period who had adequate preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up scans was carried out. Bone windows were used, and both bone thinning adjacent to fused sutures and thickening of affected sutures were demonstrated. Changes in calvarial contour were easily followed. Current trends in craniofacial reconstructive surgery have placed emphasis on skull base abnormalities; these are readily measured on axial computed tomographic (CT) sections, and postoperative progress may be monitored by serial scanning. In addition, new data revealing distortion of brain structures and cerebrospinal fluid pathways in these children have been obtained with CT scans. These soft tissue abnormalities had not been appreciated before the CT era, and they add a new dimension to the evaluation of these disorders. We think that these abnormalities indicate a local pressure increase on the brain at the fusion site. The restoration of parenchymal changes toward normal during the postoperative period correlated well with cosmetic improvement. PMID- 7301081 TI - Diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma. AB - Seventy-six patients underwent the primary removal of an acoustic neurinoma at the Mayo Clinic from 1978 through 1980. Hearing loss was present in 97% of the patients, and tinnitus and dysequilibrium occurred in 70% of the patients. The most common signs were a decreased corneal reflex, nystagmus, and facial hypesthesia. In these patients, pure tone and speech audiometry are used to define the hearing loss. When hearing is still present, the speech discrimination is often disproportionately low. Acoustic reflex testing and brain stem evoked response are used to determine whether the hearing loss is cochlear or retrocochlear. When these tests could be performed in this series of patients, they were accurate in 85 to 95%. The vestibular response to caloric testing is expected to be decreased or absent in about 90% of patients, and this was so in 86% of our patients. Radiographic studies are the most important tests currently used for the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma. Tomography of the internal auditory canal shows abnormalities in 80% of patients. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement demonstrates abnormalities in 90% of patients. The computed tomographic (CT) scan may reveal the location, the size, and often the consistency of the tumor. In cases still questionable after CT scanning, positive contrast rhombencephalography is used for clarification. In this series, no single symptom, sign, abnormal audiometric test result, or abnormal radiographic finding was present in all patients; therefore, the most important factor in diagnosis is an alert physician. PMID- 7301082 TI - Circulatory changes caused by a closed, negative pressure drainage system after craniotomy. PMID- 7301083 TI - Microsurgical treatment of intractable hemifacial spasm. AB - Ten patients with intractable hemifacial spasm were treated by posterior fossa exploration and microsurgical technique. These patients have been followed 1 to 5 years. The spasmodic motor disorder was related to compression of the 7th nerve or its exit zone at the brain stem by a dolichoectatic anterior inferior cerebellar artery in eight patients and to kinking and ectasia of the basilar or vertebral artery in two patients. In five patients, there were prominent arachnoidal adhesions in the cerebellopontine angle, and an arachnoid cyst was a component of the lesion in another patient. Additional conditions associated with hemifacial spasm included geniculate neuralgia, facial paresis, vertigo, hearing loss, and trigeminal neuralgia. The surgical morbidity and postoperative results are discussed. PMID- 7301084 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - The authors report a review of 290 patients admitted for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Twenty-seven (9.3%) patients developed the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The diagnosis was established by means of daily laboratory investigations (serum electrolytes and osmolality; urine sodium and osmolality; and fluid balance). The patients were divided into two groups (severe and mild SIADH) on the basis of clinical symptoms and signs and laboratory findings. High values of urine osmolality and sodium concentration in patients with low values of serum osmolality and sodium concentration were demonstrated. Thirteen (4.5%) patients had severe and 14 (4.8%) patients had mild SIADH. The source of bleeding was not discovered in 14 patients (4.8%). Nearly 10% of the patients with an aneurysm on the anterior communicating artery developed SIADH. Fluid therapy for these patients is described, and the treatment of SIADH is discussed. PMID- 7301085 TI - High does epsilon-aminocaproic acid prolongs the bleeding time and increases rebleeding and intraoperative hemorrhage in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - epsilon-Aminocaproic acid (EACA) has been used to prevent rebleeding in patients with intracranial aneurysms because it crosses the blood-brain barrier and is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Recommended doses have ranged from 24 to 48 g/day. We now describe an inhibitory effect on platelet function at the higher dose range. In vitro, a dose-dependent inhibition of adenosine diphosphate- and collagen induced platelet aggregation was observed with concentrations of EACA beginning at 7.6 mM. In vivo, prolongation of the template bleeding time was observed in all eight patients receiving 48 g/day (greater than 20 minutes in four), in all five on 36 g/day (greater than 20 minutes in three), and in none of seven on smaller doses. More importantly, rebleeding and excessive intraoperative bleeding (requiring more than 1 litre of blood replacement) occurred predominantly in patients receiving the larger doses of EACA. Within 48 hours of the discontinuation of EACA, the bleeding times returned to normal values in all but one patient. We conclude that EACA exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet function and that patients receiving doses in excess of 24 g/day may be at risk of serious bleeding. Patients receiving EACA should be monitored with serial bleeding time tests. PMID- 7301086 TI - Effects of various intracranial fluids on smooth muscle. AB - Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drawn from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, or brain tumor, as well as control samples from patients without a known cerebral pathological condition, were tested for their ability to contract smooth muscle. Canine middle cerebral artery, canine basilar artery, and rat stomach fundus were used, and contractions were expressed as the percentage of the contraction elicited by a standard dose of 5-hydroxytryptamine. All samples that contained blood produced contractions of the smooth muscle preparations, and despite a large sample no significant differences were observed in the magnitude of the contractions either between preparations or between samples from different groups of patients. Control samples were generally without significant effect. Neither methysergide, a 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist, nor indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, significantly diminished the contractions induced by bloody CSF, although the calcium antagonist D600 successfully antagonized the response in all groups. D600 was a better antagonist of the action of blood-containing CSF on cerebral artery than on stomach fundus. Samples obtained from patients with angiographic evidence of vasospasm were significantly more active than those obtained from patients without vasospasm, but the latter retained considerable activity. PMID- 7301087 TI - Six statistical suggestions for surgeons. AB - Statistical analysis has become very important in medical research. The large number and variety of statistical techniques required to appropriately handle different types of medical research make it impossible for most physicians to acquire enough statistical expertise to analyze critically the details of many reports. However, a basic understanding of certain fundamental principles of statistical analysis is vital if statistical errors and misapplications are to be identified and prevented. The basic principles underlying six common statistical errors are discussed and a guide to pertinent literature is provided so that the practicing physician without special statistical knowledge can be in a better position to understand and interpret statistical analysis in the medical literature. PMID- 7301088 TI - Disposable ventricular catheter. AB - A new 1.6-mm-diameter (5 French), flexible, plastic disposable ventricular catheter is described. It has a self-attached sealing cap and fits standard Luer terminations of syringes. There are a self-contained stylette, a radiopaque stripe, and a single, smooth, lateral hole drilled through to the lumen. It has been used primarily for selective catheterization of the 3rd ventricle for the injection of contrast media and the collection of ventricular fluid for neurotransmitter analysis during the implantation of deep brain stimulators, but may be used for perfusion, drainage, or connection to pressure transducers. PMID- 7301089 TI - Malignant hyperthermia: a neurosurgical case and a review of the syndrome. PMID- 7301090 TI - Craniocerebral injuries from dog bite in an infant. AB - Animal bite is a common cause of craniofacial injuries in children. Whereas scalp lacerations from animal bites are often extensive and severe, only four instances of compound depressed skull fractures from animal bites have been reported. A case of a dog bite to the head of an infant is presented to point out the potential for such an insult to produce cranial perforation and underlying brain damage. The associated roentgenographic and computed tomographic features are shown. PMID- 7301091 TI - Oculomotor palsy caused by aneurysm clip: report of two cases. PMID- 7301093 TI - Neurogenic claudication due to narrowing of the lumbar canal by extradural metastatic tumor. PMID- 7301092 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage from an intracranial meningioma. PMID- 7301094 TI - Spontaneous ventral spinal epidural hematoma with anterior cord syndrome: report of a case. PMID- 7301095 TI - System of health care delivery in Japan. PMID- 7301096 TI - Wilson's disease. Clinical correction with cranial computed tomography. AB - Cranial computed tomograms of 12 patients with proven Wilson's disease were correlated with clinical disturbances. CT abnormalities occurred only in the eight patients with neurological manifestations. The presence of atrophy and low density lesions of the basal ganglia shown on CT correlated well with clinical signs of extrapyramidal dysfunction. Cerebral atrophy and cerebellar cortical atrophy were only moderately related to the degree of intellectual dysfunction and ataxia, respectively; there were no specific clinical signs in cases with brainstem involvement. Abnormalities may be marked in scans taken within a year of neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the most severely abnormal CT scans occurred in patients with a relatively longer duration of untreated disease. Computed tomography provides the opportunity to follow the response of the abnormalities of the brain to cupruresis and can give some assistance in management. PMID- 7301097 TI - Meniere's disease, petrous bone tomography. A new radiographic sign? AB - Direct measurements on tomograms of the petrous bone in Meniere's disease revealed a decreased thickness of the retrolabyrinthine part of the petrous bone. This could help to confirm previous theories that the cause of Miniere's disease is developmental. PMID- 7301098 TI - EEG controlled occlusion of the internal carotid artery during angiography. AB - It became evident in two patients during cerebral angiography that ligation of an internal carotid artery would probably be necessary in the course of a subsequent neurosurgical operation. A balloon catheter was inserted and the internal carotid artery was occluded. A continous EEG recording was made with a Fourier transformed frequency analysis before and during the occlusion; the motor functions of the corresponding side of the body were observed simultaneously on the conscious patient. EEG alterations indicative of cerebral ischemia were not demonstrated in either patient during an occlusion period of 7 min. Unilateral neurosurgical ligation of the common carotid artery and the internal carotid artery was performed on one patient. As predicted no neurological deficit occurred. PMID- 7301099 TI - High resolution CT spinal scanning with Acta 0200 FS. AB - The diagnostic features of CT images of the spine are constantly influenced by some limitations of the method because of the peculiar configuration of the human spine. Recent generations of CT scanners greatly improve the results but with the second generation (Acta 0200 FS Pfizer Scanner) we have been able to develop a modified scan reconstruction method to maintain the quality of our spinal images, thanks to the very flexible software of our CT scanner. PMID- 7301100 TI - CT for trauma to the base of the skull and spine in children. AB - Five patients have been selected to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of CT in cases of traumatic damage to the base of the skull and spine in infants and children. Ct is superior to any other diagnostic radiological technique as bone and soft tissues are usually equally well demonstrated during one visit to the Radiology Department. Thus, CT is considered to be the primary investigative procedure of choice to evaluate trauma of the base of the skull and spine in infants and children. PMID- 7301102 TI - Huge cystic craniopharyngioma with unusual extensions: a case report. AB - The findings on computed tomography (CT) of a huge cystic craniopharyngioma in a 3-year-old girl are described. The cyst occupied both anterior cranial fossae and a part of it extended to the region of the third ventricle which was displaced posteriorly. The tumor showed no contrast enhancement after the intravenous administration of contrast medium. PMID- 7301101 TI - Comparative aspects of occult intrasacral meningocele with conventional X-ray, myelography and CT. AB - A case of occult intrasacral meningocele is reported and the diagnostic reliability of conventional roentgenography, myelography and CT for the management of this rare lesions are evaluated. Probably, CT with the use of an intrathecal contrast agent could yield the most complete information about the precise nature of this cystic congenital dysraphism. PMID- 7301103 TI - Clivus ependymoma. AB - A 8-month-old girl had an ependymoma in the clivus, 2 X 6 cm in size, connected with the fourth ventricle by a cord of tissue 0.5 cm thick. There were no indications to make us suspect the origin of the tumour in the fourth ventricle, or that it was a case of ependymoma. PMID- 7301104 TI - CT diagnosis of orbital inflammation in children. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) examination and medical records of fourteen children with orbital inflammatory disease were analyzed to determine which signs predicted or correlated with the clinical course. The preseptal space, the orbit and the sinuses are imaged simultaneously allowing accurate definition of the extent of disease. CT signs of inflammatory disease in each of these compartments are discussed. PMID- 7301105 TI - Paired anterior spinal arteries in a case of locked-in syndrome. AB - Paired anterior spinal arteries have rarely been demonstrated angiographically, although several anatomical studies have shown that they are not uncommonly observed. This report describes the angiographic and autopsy findings of such a variation, which was observed in a 65-year-old man with a locked-in syndrome. The paired trunks of the anterior spinal artery were visualized in a retrograde fashion through the left inferior thyroid artery and a radical branch at the 5th cervical level by left retrograde brachial angiography. The uppermost segments of either vertebral artery and the lower portion of the basilar artery were opacified through these channels. The autopsy confirmed the paired trunks of the anterior spinal artery, occlusion of the vertebral arteries just caudal to the origin of the main branches of the anterior spinal artery, and an old infarct involving the pontine tegmentum and cerebellum. PMID- 7301106 TI - CT scan of the spine for herniated discs. AB - The high resolution conversion kit introduced for the EMI CT 5005 scanner has twice the spatial resolution of the usual scan mode and has proven to be quite useful in evaluation of the spinal canal. The present study was performed to determine the capability of the high resolution system to diagnose herniated lumbar disc without intrathecal contrast. HNP was diagnosed in 83% of the cases which had a positive myelogram, 70% of which had operation and all were proven positive. PMID- 7301107 TI - Transient disappearance of cerebral infarcts on CT scan, the so-called fogging effect. AB - The fogging effect, whereby initially hypodense infarcts become isodense during the second and third week after the onset of stroke, was investigated in a prospective and consecutive series comprising 50 cases with completed stroke. CT scans were performed approximately 3 days, 10 days and 6 months after stroke. The fogging effect was found in 54% of cases. The hypodense areas reappeared on all scans at 5 months. Cerebral infarcts therefore may be overlooked or grossly underestimated if the scan is performed during the second and third week after stroke. PMID- 7301108 TI - Gangliogliomas. AB - Gangliogliomas, composed of nerve and glial cells, are rare tumors of the central nervous system. The clinical and radiological findings in five cases, along with a review of the literature, suggest that these are slow growing neoplasms which are better treated by surgery than by radiation. They occur throughout the neuraxis; an infratentorial location is more common than the early reports would suggest. The clinical picture and radiological findings are suggestive of a slow growing mass, but are not specific for the tumor type. PMID- 7301109 TI - Computed tomography in mitochondrial cytopathy. AB - The clinical and computed tomographic (CT) findings in 11 proven cases of mitochondrial cytopathy (mitochondrial myopathy, Kearns Sayre syndrome, ophthalmoplegia plus) were studied. The CT changes included focal low density lesions in the basal ganglia and white matter and atrophy which could be slight or diffuse and severe. Calcification has been described in the basal ganglia, but did not occur in our series. Serial CT showed progression of the abnormalities. The differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7301110 TI - Thalamic bleeding: diagnosis, course and prognosis. AB - Isolated thalamic bleeding without involvement of the internal capsule or other neighboring structures is extremely rare. Thalamic hemorrhage often leads to bleeding into the ventricular system. The extent of the bleeding is not a valid criterion for prognosis. The chance of survival was found to be poorest in initially comatose patients. CT is eminently suitable for determining the size and position of the hemorrhage and also for the followup of thalamic bleeding. No significant correlation was found between the clinical and CT outcome. PMID- 7301111 TI - CT studies of brain abscesses in cats. AB - Cerebral abscesses were produced in 56 cats by introducing staphylococcus aureus into the white matter of one cerebral hemisphere, using a stereotaxic apparatus. The cats were treated with antibiotics and/or steroids. The size and density of the inflammatory process and the abscess ring were measured on postcontrast CT scans. Differences were found depending on the stage of the abscess, but the deviation of values were too great for determining the age of the abscess from one measurement, to be able to apply proper treatment. The size and density of the abscesses were the same on CT whether the animals were treated or not. This was contrary to the clinical picture, the measurements of edema, and the histopathological studies. PMID- 7301112 TI - The modular operation of the cerebral neocortex considered as the material basis of mental events. PMID- 7301113 TI - Opiates and enkephalin reduce the excitability of neuronal processes. PMID- 7301114 TI - Lesion-induced alterations of lectin binding sites in the rat dentate gyrus. PMID- 7301115 TI - The effects of mossy fiber cerebral and spinal inputs on cerebellar Purkinje cells. PMID- 7301116 TI - The pattern of innervation of the corpus striatum by the substantia nigra. PMID- 7301117 TI - Dopamine release induced by electrical stimulation of microdissected caudate putamen and substantia nigra of the rat brain. PMID- 7301118 TI - Characterization of dopamine receptors in various species of invertebrates and vertebrates. PMID- 7301119 TI - Commentary kindling as a model for limbic epilepsy. PMID- 7301120 TI - Morphology of migrating trigeminal motor neuroblasts as revealed by horseradish peroxidase retrograde labeling techniques. PMID- 7301121 TI - Thick caliber projections from brainstem to cerebral cortex in the snakes Thamnophis sirtalis and Natrix sipedon. PMID- 7301122 TI - Selective changes in the metabolism of biogenic amines after successive discrimination training in cats. PMID- 7301123 TI - Effects of immobilization and cold exposure on the turnover rate of acetylcholine in rat brain areas. PMID- 7301124 TI - Hemicholinium 3-bromo mustard: a new high affinity inhibitor of sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake. PMID- 7301125 TI - Sympathetic neurons in lower cervical ganglia send axons through the superior cervical ganglion. PMID- 7301126 TI - Differential effects of concanavalin A on acetylcholine and potassium-evoked release of catecholamines from cultured chromaffin cells. PMID- 7301127 TI - ZIO-impregnated boutons in neuropile of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the rat. PMID- 7301128 TI - [Effect of enflurane on the motor cortex synapses in rabbits during the developmental period. Electron-microscopic studies by the routine method and after impregnation with ZIO]. PMID- 7301129 TI - Influence of chlorfenvinphos and ipofos on oxido-reducing processes in the rat brain mitochondria during development. PMID- 7301130 TI - [Cytological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid in the course of chronic and protracted meningitis and encephalitis]. PMID- 7301131 TI - Experimental modelling of hepatogenic encephalopathy. PMID- 7301132 TI - [Citrate metabolism in the rat brain under normal conditions and in hypoxia. Summary of the thesis]. PMID- 7301133 TI - What governs the size of the retraction gap in divided peripheral nerves. AB - The retraction gap in severed peripheral nerves form a part of the critical gap distance. It thus contributes to determining its size. The extent of retraction of severed nerves is variable and depends on joint movements. However, the individual distributions of the retraction gap are more or less constant and remain unaffected in various joint positions. The mean gap size is related to the level of nerve section and it becomes smaller as one moves distally. The degree of retraction increases in a wider, and decreases in a narrower section of the course of the nerves. In consequence of the existing attachments of each nerve to its bed there is inhibition of retraction, but much freer retraction is possible when these attachments are eliminated. PMID- 7301134 TI - The ultrastructure of oligodendrogliomas. AB - Seven Oligodendrogliomas (2 with uniform cell type, 4 with cellular or tissue variability, and 1 with glioblastomatous changes) were examined ultrastructurally. The tumor cells were of two principal types with morphologic transitions between the two main types. The two principal cell types were identified as type 1 (undifferentiated) and type 2 (differentiated) on the basis of the number of anaplastic cells in an individual tumor and on the observations of Mori and Leblond (21) on non-neoplastic oligodendrocytes. Most of the tumor cells in all tumor exhibited similar histologic and ultrastructural characteristics including their arrangement and their tendency to form cytoplasmic processes which sometimes formed short stacks. These features were also recognizable in the glioblastomatous example and confirmed the presence of an oligodendroglial component. In addition to these characteristics, an increase in size and number of mitochondria, abundant intracytoplasmic structures, microtubules were regularly present in virtually all tumor cells. Cells rich in cytoplasmic filaments were present. These were identified as reactive astrocytes or as oligodendroglial tumor cells. Thus neither cytoplasmic filaments nor microtubules appear to be specific morphological markers for oligodendroglia or astrocytes; only the predominance of one of these structures permits cytogenetic identifications. The cytologic characteristics are not specific morphologic markers; however, recognition of their presence provides important diagnostic information. PMID- 7301135 TI - Operative treatment of lesions in the region of the tentorial notch. AB - After a description of the topographic anatomy, the different approaches to the tentorial notch and the details of technique are illustrated by a few examples. The pterional approach permits surgical treatment of lesions in the supratentorial region of the anterior and middle third of the tentorial opening. Any approach to the infratentorial region can be enlarged and improved by incising and stitching back the free margin of the tentorium. The medial occipital approach is appropriate for space-occupying lesions situated medially in the ascending portion, that is in the posterior third of the free margin of the tentorium. Infratentorial tumours in the cerebello-pontine angle and in the prepontine region, with extension into the tentorial notch, are best treated through the lateral suboccipital approach. A subfrontal infrachiasmatic procedure is indicated in the case of suprasellar lesions with parasellar extension into the tentorial notch, if the anatomy of the optic chiasm allows it. The location of any particular lesion may call for a combination of different approaches. PMID- 7301136 TI - Pseudotumor of the scalp caused by a chronic hygroma with a traumatic CSF fistula. AB - A 6 1/2-year-old child, who had suffered a depressed fracture of the skull at the age of 1 1/2, had an extensive tumor of the scalp. Microscopic evaluation showed the growth to be a pseudotumor. The spongy tissue proved to be a chronic subdural hygroma containing structures resembling pacchionian granulations. A CSF fistula was demonstrated surgically. The fistula was assumed to be responsible for the metaplastic proliferation of subcutaneous and galeal connective tissue. A growing fracture was not present. PMID- 7301137 TI - Root compression syndrome S 1, simulated by a circumscribed plasmocytoma in the intervertebral disc. PMID- 7301138 TI - Occlusions of the basilar artery: Pathologic-anatomical and clinical findings in different occlusion types and their prognosis. AB - Occlusions of the basilar artery are reviewed under pathologic-anatomical and clinical aspects. Special attention is devoted to correlations as well as discrepancies between pathologic-anatomical findings, clinical findings and the results of additional diagnostic procedures. The resulting possibilities of erroneous diagnostic and prognostic interpretations are discussed. The considerations lead to the conclusion that an attempt should be made to classify clinically the basilar artery occlusions into oral, median and caudal types. The present paper takes the pathologic-anatomical as well as the clinical findings into consideration. It has been reported in recent years that in some instances patients have survived basilar artery occlusions. Similar observations suggested the advisability of investigating the basilar artery occlusion among our patients with regard to pathogenetic, diagnostic and prognostic criteria. PMID- 7301139 TI - Late results of operation in temporal lobe epilepsy in adults and children. AB - In our clinic at the Medical Academy in Warsaw 282 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were treated surgically. The causes of the illness were trauma in 43.2%, including birth trauma in 19.5%, infections diseases in early life in 19.8%, and microtumours in 6.8%. In 30% the aetiology was unknown. Fifty per cent had fits before 10 years and 75% before 20 years of age. The period of conservative treatment was on average nine years. Serial and stereo-EEG recordings including activation by ketamine, as well as intracarotid sodium amytal tests were performed routinely. The interictal EEG epileptiform abnormalities were found most frequently in both temporal lobes (154 cases). The operation was carried out according to Penfield's technique, with electrocorticography and resection of the temporal lobe extending for 6 to 10 cm in the nondominant hemisphere and for 4 to 5 cm in the dominant hemisphere using suction technique. In 75% microscopical changes in the hippocampus were found, in 20% so-called hamartomas and in 6.8% small gliomas. Two patients died and in 13 patients there was a hemiparesis which was transient in 10. The authors present the analysis of late results of 262 cases with a follow-up from 2 to 22 years after operation. Very good results were obtained in 127 cases (48.5%) - no attacks since leaving the clinic. Good results were observed in 42 patients (16%) - not more than 1-2 attacks a year. Thus, the operation resulted in freedom from attacks, or nearly so, in 169 cases (64.5%). In an additional 47 patients (18%) there was a significant reduction (at least 50%) in seizures without complete freedom from attacks, and in 44 cases (16.8%) no improvement was observed. The analysis of our series suggests that the best results may be obtained in patients with unilateral temporal EEG changes. The existence of an additional focus in parts of the other temporal lobe does not impair the operative results when the dominant epileptic focus has been removed. Among 24 cases with equally pronounced bitemporal EEG abnormalities the stereo EEG studies allowed detection of the epileptic focus in 13 patients (54%). Detailed analysis of the results, obtained in 51 children below 15 years of age, led to the conclusion that temporal lobe epilepsy should be operated upon even in young children, provided that the epileptic focus can be clearly identified. PMID- 7301140 TI - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the cranial bones: report of fourteen cases. AB - Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia affects many bones of the skeleton and usually on one side only. In monostotic variety only one bone is affected. The condition which usually starts in early childhood is at first active, gradually becomes quiescent and finally with termination of skeletal growth becomes inactive and ceases to grow. These stages can be seen histologically as well as radiologically. The main feature is increasing calcification of the mass. In half of our cases there was an intracranial mass with signs of raised intracranial or intra-orbital pressure. In all of these cases the mass originated from the base of skull. Those growing from the vault of the skull grew outward. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 7301141 TI - A study on the critical mobilization length of peripheral nerves. AB - The transverse section of the sciatic, tibial and peroneal nerves in rabbits was followed by mobilization in a proximal and distal direction and a tension-free end-to-end suture of the cut surfaces. The proximal mobilization was performed up to eight different levels between 60 mm and 200 mm, i. e. 20.3% to 67.7% of the total nerve length. Histological findings and their statistical analysis indicated that the critical mobilization length, beyond which ischaemic parenchymal damages occur, is 70 mm or 24% of the total nerve length. Up to this level, the vascular "extrinsic system" of the mobilized nerve segments is completely compensated for by the "intrinsic system". When the mobilization length is increased, the degeneration distances were more pronounced than those of the ischaemic nerve distances. Some nerves showed no effects from the ischaemia. PMID- 7301142 TI - The surgical treatment of choroid plexus papillomas: the results of 27 years experience. AB - This paper reports the results of 27 choroid plexus papillomas surgically treated, out of 28 cases observed in the authors institute during the period 1952 1978. These were divided into two groups: a) those operated on before 1969; b) those operated on in 1969 and the following years, when microsurgical facilities were routinely employed. As a rule, neither ventricular shunting nor radiation therapy were used preoperatively. A total removal was attempted in all cases, and performed in all but three. The second group (1969-1978) showed better results as regards the number of totally removed tumours (92% against 87%), surgical deaths (16% against 31%), and long-term good results (67% against 44%). Considering both groups together, long-term good results were achieved in 15 patients (55%), followed up from 2 to 27 years. Radical operation is the treatment of choice for choroid plexus papilloma. As indicated by the author's experience, this produces satisfactory long-term results, whilst surgical mortality can be held within acceptable limits, provided that modern techniques are used properly. The value of radiation therapy, which in any event should be restricted to malignant cases, remains questionable. PMID- 7301143 TI - Pontine haematoma: successful removal of two cases with review of 22 cases previously described in accessible literature. AB - Two cases of operative evacuation of pontine haematomas are described in addition to 22 cases reported in the literature. Clinical and neuroradiological findings indicate a brain stem lesion sometimes considered as an inoperable brain stem glioma. Computer assisted tomography todate easily reveals such hematomas. Successful operative results are generally obtained. This diagnosis must be considered when the onset of symptoms is progressive and young people are affected. We describe two young patients with rapidly progressive symptoms. In one case (case 2) the symptoms started after a bee sting but we were unable to find any real correlation. Surgical removal of blood clot was followed by progressive improvement in the patients who were able to return to normal active life. PMID- 7301144 TI - Grading of cerebral aneurysms and the timing of operation. AB - The problem of acute and early operation is discussed on the basis of 630 patients with cerebral aneurysms, out of whom 50 were operated in the first week and 45 in the second week after bleeding. The mortality and morbidity for operation in the first week was significantly higher (20 per cent and 24 per cent respectively) than for operations performed in the second week after bleeding (8 and 14 per cent respectively). No certain differences, as far as the results are concerned, were found between patients operated up to the third day after the bleeding and those operated between the third and seventh day. There was a distinct correlation between the results and the grade of risk. The patients with multiple bleeds were at higher risk than patients with only one bleed. The possibility that angiography and operation provoke vascular spasm which finally leads to severe morbidity and mortality seems to be higher during the first week after the bleed than at a later stage. The figures analysed are small but speak in favour of an early operation in the second week after the bleed. However, this means that a significant number of patients may die before the operation because of recurrent haemorrhage. A far-reaching critical evaluation of acute versus early operation is necessary, as regards feasibility, indications and contra indications. PMID- 7301145 TI - Herniation of the upper lumbar discs. AB - On the basis of investigations involving 134 patients operated on at the National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, the authors point out that herniations of the intervertebral discs at L 1/2, L 2/3, L 3/4 levels are characterized by more severe neurological changes. Paresis and autonomic disorders occur much more frequently than in lower lumbar disc herniations: paresis was found in 67 cases (50%) and bilaterally in 44 cases (32.8%), with inability to walk in 21 cases (15.7%); autonomic disturbances were noted in 36 patients (26.9%). With clear symptoms of a lumbar disc herniation a raised protein content in the CSF, more than 100 mg%, makes one suspicious of an upper lumbar lesion. In most of the cases the level of the lesion could not be exactly determined on the basis of sensory symptoms alone. The importance of myelography is stressed in determining the level. The more severe neurological changes are attributed to a medial situation of many disc hernias as found at operation, and also to unduly prolonged conservative treatment. The early postoperative results are analysed, most of which show permanent further improvement. According to our classification, the immediate postoperative results were "excellent" or "good" in 124 of the 134 patients. Except for two cases with complications, all of the patients unable to walk because of pain or paresis started to walk again after the operation. In the long-term follow-up period extending from 2 to 20 years the pain continued to improve in most of the cases, with similar, though less marked improvement in motor and autonomic disturbances. In 15 patients the condition deteriorated in the late postoperative period, but among them were 8 patients, in whom the results could be considered satisfactory as compared to the preoperative complaints. In the late postoperative period only 7 patients were unchanged or even in a worse condition than before operation. PMID- 7301146 TI - [Double esophago-jejuno-duodenal and esophago-jejunal recanalization after total gastrectomy. Technical note and preliminary results]. PMID- 7301147 TI - [Surgery of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. AB - Two personal cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) are described. Total gastrectomy (TG) was performed in the first case as an emergency measure, following acute peritonitis caused by a recurrence of ulcer, with perforation 27 days after the first gastric resection. The patients is in good health, though with persistently high blood gastrin levels. The second case was marked by a long history of recurrent ulcer, with two earlier gastric resections. Here, success was obtained by simply enucleating a small gastrinoma from the head of the pancreas in view of the arteriographic evidence. The patient is in excellent health 2 1/2 yr after surgery with stable, normal blood gastrin. The recent literature and these cases suggest that surgery is the method of choice for ZES, its primary aim being the removal of gastrinomas, since these prove malignant in 60-100% of cases, and TG does not in any way inhibit their growth, as was once supposed. Blood gastrin values permit early diagnosis and postoperative monitoring, while arteriography and transhepatic portal catheterisation constitute a useful guide to the location of the tumour. Hyperchlorhydria can be effectively controlled with H2 receptor inhibitors, both in the preoperative diagnostic stage, and after surgery in the event of failure. TG offers the best results in over 60% of cases, when the tumours is multifocal, widely metastasised, or undiscoverable. PMID- 7301148 TI - [External biliary drainage through the hepatic wall in obstructive jaundice of pancreatic origin]. PMID- 7301150 TI - [Carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Clinical studies and case reviews]. PMID- 7301149 TI - [Our experience with emergency surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis]. AB - A clinical series of 580 patents (318, F, 199 M) personally observed at the Emergency Surgery and First Aid Division of the Fatebenefratelli and Ophthalmic Hospital Board of Milan between 1975 and 1980, and suffering from acute inflammation of the bile ways (gall bladder empyemas, acute cholecystitis, gangrene of the gall bladder, haemobilia due to gall bladder puncture), has been examined. Of these patients, 558 were subjected to surgery between 12 hours and 6 days after admittance. Operated patients are subdivided into 4 groups on the basis of their anatomo-pathological form and the average time interval between admittance and intervention. Critical examination shows that their behaviour with respect to acute inflammatory forms of the gall bladder can be split up as follows: 1) immediate surgery (within 12 hours) for empyematous and/or punctured forms; 2) emergency surgery (within 2 days of admittance) for cases with certain diagnosis backed up by historical and X-ray data pointing to calculosis of the gall bladder; 3) early surgery (within 3 days) for cases with certain diagnosis but without prior X-ray documentation; 4) deferred surgical intervention (within 6 days) for patients without X-ray documentation and in whom immediate medical treatment leads to a rapid improvement in the clinical picture. The very good clinical results obtained and the observation of a low mortality and morbility index (comparable to those of surgery of choice) suggest that early surgery is certainly the therapy of choice when dealing with acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7301151 TI - [Role of the delayed hypersensitivity skin test in surgery]. AB - The correlation between state of preoperative immunity assessed by in vitro test and the onset of postoperative septic complications has been evaluated. 153 patients subjected to surgery of choice have been examined. Before the operation cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity tests with recall antigens (streptokinase streptodornase, purified tuberculoprotein and candidine) were carried out. 111 patients were classed as immunologically normal (at least one positive test) and 42 were anergic (no positive test) Among the former, 12 cases (10.8%) showed post surgical septic complications, while among the latter, fully 24 (57%) suffered from infectious processes. It is concluded that, although numerous factors make patients prone to infection during the postoperative course, immunitary conditions play a very important part. Prophylactic measures are therefore suggested for anergic patient prior to surgery, measures that are essentially represented by parenteral support feeding and immunostimulation. PMID- 7301152 TI - [Our experiences in the surgical treatment of post-phlebitis syndrome of the lower extremities]. AB - One to ten year follow-up of 90 patients with post-phlebitis syndromes in various stages is reported. Stress is laid on the fact that treatment of the post phlebitic limb has not yet been clearly defined, and that various medical and surgical measures are adopted from one case to another. A personal preference for surgical management, restricted to the superficial circulation and the "projected" interruption of incompetent communicating vessels, is expressed, though if considerable trophic lesions are present their regression by means of medical treatment only is regarded as an essential prerequisite to surgery. "Restricted" surgical management gave results that were more than satisfactory in 72.7% of cases, as in other series in the literature. PMID- 7301153 TI - [Multiple non-parasitic cysts of the liver. Diagnostic considerations. Clinical case report]. PMID- 7301154 TI - [Retroperitoneal lymphangioma. Case report]. PMID- 7301155 TI - [Chronic perforated typhlitis secondary to appendicular mucocele. Clinical case]. PMID- 7301156 TI - [Importance of surgical gowns and drapes as barriers for prevention of postoperative infections]. AB - The gown and drape barrier system has been shown to be an important factor in the prevention of wound infection. Performance differences between disposable and reusable materials as influencing wound infections were demonstrated. A disposable spun-bonded olefin gown and drape system significantly reduced the postoperative wound infection rate. No therapeutic benefit in clean surgical operations was observed for either the preoperative antibiotic group of local wound irrigation group. Factors indicating populations at higher risks for wound infection include age, sex and those requiring long and an emergency type operations. Special attention should be given to the infection prone groups. Unless factors, such as percentage of type of operation, emergency nature, age and sex, are weighed, a comparison of wound infections between hospitals is invalid. PMID- 7301157 TI - Twenty years' experience of surgical treatment of the ruptured atherosclerotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. AB - The results of surgical treatment of 209 ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms are reviewed. The mortality over the first period of ten years was 37.8% and over the second ten years 44.9%. An attempt was made to analyse the reasons for this somewhat disappointing experience, shared by other authors. The broader indications for surgical treatment and the rise in the average age of our patients at presentation may be partially responsible. This elderly aged group had a greater incidence of coexistent disease leading to increased postoperative complications. The duration of preoperative shock had a direct inverse relationship to mortality. It is stressed that, apart from close collaboration between surgeon and internist with early detection of many postoperative complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, anuria or heart failure, correct and early diagnosis of the ruptured aneurysm offers the best chance for the improvement in the survival rate of these patients. PMID- 7301158 TI - Extracorporeal renal surgery. AB - By means of techniques derived mainly from renal transplant surgical experience, several pathologic conditions of the renal artery, the kidney and the ureter have been made accessible to surgical therapy in the course of the past two decades. This therapy is basically composed of nephrectomy, workbench surgery and reimplantation of the kidney, in this order, and called "extracorporeal renal surgery'. Indications for its use are proposed and discussed, and the operative technique is described. Results are presented of 27 extracorporeal vascular reconstructions in 25 patients with severe renovascular hypertension on the basis of fibromuscular dysplasia located predominantly peripherally in the renal artery and its branches. Of these procedures, 25 were actually completed since in two patients reconstruction of the renal artery was technically impossible and reimplantation of their kidneys had to be discarded. One out of the other 23 patients died because of haemorrhagic and septic complications. In the remaining group of 22 patients, operation-associated complications were observed in one patient, who had to be reoperated because of bleeding at the operation site. At a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years, all these 22 patients had normal blood pressures, and 16 were off medication ("cured') whereas six needed only moderate anti-hypertensive medication ("improved'). Results are also presented of extracorporeal procedures performed in one patient with a carcinoma in a solitary kidney and in one patient with a ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in which both renal arteries were involved. Both patients are well at one and more than five years postoperatively, respectively. PMID- 7301159 TI - Results of split-ileostomy in Crohn's disease of the colon. AB - In a period of seven years split-ileostomies were performed in 30 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon. Patients with the previous resection of the bowel were excluded. The indications for the diverting-ileostomy were: 1 toxic colitis unresponsive to intensive conservative therapy, and 2 long standing colitis, with or without perianal fistulae, not adequately responding to conservative treatment. Regarding the results, a split-ileostomy would seem to be indicated in debilitated patients in whom a resection at the time of the primary laparotomy carries too great a risk. None of our nine patients died. In long-standing disease a split-ileostomy for the purpose of healing or limiting the ultimate resection is not satisfactory. In only four out of 21 electively performed ileostomies this goal was achieved. We have too little experience with split ileostomies in the treatment of extensive perianal and rectovaginal fistulae. PMID- 7301160 TI - The effect of povidone-iodine on postoperative wound infection in abdominal surgery. AB - Wound healing following elective laparotomy was studied in 220 patients. The patients were divided into two groups; the first group received preoperative skin disinfection with alcohol 70% and iodine-tincture 2% and, before skin suturing, disinfection with iodine. The second group received preoperative skin disinfection with povidone-iodine 10% (Betadine) and, before skin closure, a 10% povidone-iodine solution was applied to the subcutis and skin edges. Complicated wound healing was seen in 21% of the first and 24% of the second group; wound sepsis rate was 13% and 16% respectively, in the majority of cases following colorectal surgery. PMID- 7301161 TI - Acute acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Acute acalculous cholecystitis after trauma or non-related surgery is a rare and dangerous complication. The pathogenesis is multifactorial. Impairment of the circulation to the gallbladder and cystic duct obstruction by inspissated bile seem to be the most important factors. The disease runs a fulminant course, and since diagnosis is generally difficult and usually delayed, the mortality is unduly high. Awareness of the physician is therefore of paramount importance. Cholecystectomy is the recommended treatment. A series of 13 patients is presented and the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of this complication are discussed. PMID- 7301162 TI - Systemic hyperthermia by the immersion bath method. AB - Several methods to administer systemic hyperthermia (41.8-42.0 degrees C) as an oncologic procedure have been described in the literature. We have developed a method to induce and maintain a body temperature of 42.0 degrees C (rectal) using a high-flow water immersion bath. This method was tested in a small series of sheep and proved to be applicable. In a preliminary clinical series of 10 treatment sessions advantages compared to the described other methods were noted. After a short induction period, accurate temperature control can be maintained. During the procedure the patient can be observed and handled, while buoyancy in water is an asset. Short term clinical were favourable. PMID- 7301163 TI - Surgical aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - A series of 217 operations performed for primary hyperparathyroidism between 1965 and 1978, was studied to evaluate the peroperative findings and to assess the results of surgical treatment. There was a greater incidence in women than in men, a ratio of 2.5:1. Although occurring at any age, the incidence was higher for women over the age of 45. During all 217 neck explorations it was attempted to identify all parathyroid glands. In 89% of cases three or more glands were found. Of the 746 glands, 74% were situated normally and 12% were found inside the thymus. Histological examination confirmed hyperplasia in 50% of the patients, but one enlarged gland was found in each of 155 patients (70%). This shows a discrepancy based on microscopic findings by the pathologist and macroscopic findings by the surgeon concerned. Until today it has been our policy to remove the enlarged gland and to biopsy at least one other normally sized gland. Only when three or more glands are involved, a subtotal parathyroidectomy is recommended. The success rate of our primary operation is 96%. Complications due to severe hypocalcaemia or permanent vocal cord palsy have not been observed. PMID- 7301164 TI - [Hypnosis in psychosomatic medicine]. AB - Hypnosis is a form of psychotherapy open to any physician who has been suitably trained. Its diffusion is to be hoped for, especially since all doctors today consider that they should handle their patients from the psychological side as well, in keeping with the dictates of modern psychosomatology. Reference is made to the main indications for hypnosis and its contraindications, the optimum technique according to Spiegel, the desirability of resolving symptoms without excessive concern for that which they hide, symbolise, or defend, and the way in which hypnosis can be inserted at both the diagnostic and therapeutic level within the present stage of the history of psychosomatic medicine. PMID- 7301165 TI - [Metacommunication in waking and hypnotic states]. AB - A definition is given of the terms "communication" and "metacommunication", "language" and "metalanguage", and the several types of relationships that may arise in communication: "symmetrical competitive", "integrative complementary", "metacomplementary", and "paradoxical", Reference is made to the "spontaneity" and "simulation" that may arise in communication and metacommunication, during both wakefulness, conscious states in barbituric subnarcosis, and hypnosis. The question of metacommunication during the induction of hypnosis and during the hypnotic relationship is examined, stress being placed on the parapsycholgical metacommunications that may take place during some forms of self- or hetero induced hypnotic consciousness. PMID- 7301166 TI - [Proposal for a project in psychotherapeutic strategy in behavior disorders]. AB - Considerations are reviewed that do not permit any separation "from the unconscious", conceived as a reality which, together with the conscience, operates as a behavioural regulation factor through a set system that regulates behaviour by giving meaning to incoming information and giving a sense to experience. Mention is made of concepts of anxiety, removal and catharsis, and to recent research on the functions of the cerebral hemispheres. A psychotherapeutic strategy is proposed, finally, consisting of an analysis of a subject's history in a state of relaxation with guided associations, over the time span, along chains of mental content; and in the restructuring of sets through appropriate techniques. PMID- 7301167 TI - [Clinical aspects of thalassemia (or microcythemia)]. AB - The thalassaemias are genetic syndromes brought about by a low or nil synthesis of one or more of the main globinic chains and by consequent imbalance of the normal ratio between alpha and non-alpha chains. Three basic pictures can be distinguished: (1) microcythemia or thalassaemia minima, the expression of heterozygosis for one microcythemic gene, which includes beta, delta beta and alpha microcythemias. Subjects are healthy but very often pale and asthenic, (2) intermediate thalassaemia, very similar to thalassaemia major, though a less severe disease. It is the expression of the presence of microythemic geness which results in a globin synthesis imbalance less marked than that of the thalassaemia major. The patients are frankly anemic and more or less pronounced hyperhemolysis (but they only need sporadic transfusions, usually at adult age), and present splenomegaly often of a considerable extent and hepatomegaly. Their physical growth and reproductive capacity are normal or nearly so and they attain the fifth or sixth decade of life. Two varieties of this syndrome have been identified, namely beta-intermediate thalassaemias (or Rietti-Greppi-Micheli's disease or also constitutional microcythemic anemia) and alpha-intermediate thalassaemias (or Hb H disease); (3) thalassaemia major or Cooley's anemia or Mediterranean anemia, the expression of homozygosis for severe genes of microcythemia which results in a marked globin synthesis imbalance; this is a so severe disease that not treated patients usually die when they are three-four years old. Nowadays, however, prognosis, clinical course and life expectancy of these patients are considerably improved so that they usually attain the third decade of age in relatively fair conditions. There are available three fundamental therapeutic actions: blood transfusions carried out at very short intervals; splenectomy which allows to reduce the rhythm of the blood transfusion regimen; the iron chelating therapy which delays the onset of the iron overloading in the organism. Finally, it is possible the prevention of this disease by preventing the procreation between microcythemics and by prenatal identification of Cooley's foetuses followed by thier selective abortion. PMID- 7301168 TI - [Behavior of various indices of respiratory function in the course of mitral valve disease]. AB - Respiratory function tests carried out on 98 patients with mitral valve disease are reported. The indices were correlated with the N.Y.H.A. classification and mean pulmonary artery pressure values. The patterns were similar for both types of correlation. There were early VC, RV and RV/TLC alterations. In more advanced cases, there were also reductions in DLCO, MEVS, and FEF25-75%. The result is a primarily restrictive dysventilatory picture that is clinically compatible with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 7301169 TI - [Somatopsychologic correlations in gynecologic surgery]. AB - Surgical interventions generally generate irrational fantasies and hidden anxieties concerning the body image, the sexual identity and the Ego identity. Some defense mechanisms are then utilized, tending to preserve the physical and psychic integrity, particularly when, as in gynaecological surgery, the interested organs are charged with important symbolic significance. The social, psychological and cultural aspects of gynaecological surgery necessarily involved three subjects: the patient her family, and the physician; each of them plays an important role for the success of every surgical operation. The post-intervention clinical pattern of the psycho-somatic and somato-psychic symptoms is structurally linked to the patient relationship with her partner (or her family) and with her physician. The physician should enable his patient to exactly comprehend the situation and to distinguish between the real fears for intervention and the irrational ones, bound to fantasmatic projections concerning her body image. After a review of the existing literature three clinical histories are briefly reported, which confirm the importance of a biological support during the delicate phase of the surgical intervention and the recovery. PMID- 7301170 TI - [3 cases of paraneoplastic syndrome caused by lymphoma of the small intestine]. AB - Three cases of lymphoma of the small intestine accompanied by numerous aspecific signs related to probable paraneoplastic syndromes are reported. All patients presented watch glass nails and drumstick fingers. These were associated, in the first patient, with initial pruritus followed by a picture of ichthyosis and, in the second, with a polyneuritic syndrome localised initially at the nerves of the lumbosacral plexus, later extended to the right facial nerve. The practical importance of such signs, which often precede and dominate, at least initially, symptomatology in the gastroenteric apparatus, is pointed out. Their early recognition may lead to a suspicion of the fundamental condition, thus avoiding diagnostic errors and permitting earlier diagnosis and faster treatment. PMID- 7301171 TI - [Frequency of risk factors in cerebrovascular disease and their effect on the course and outcome. Study on 423 hospitalized patients]. AB - In a group of 423 patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) the so-called risk factors have been studied and correlated with course and outcome of the disease. High levels of glycemia, seric lipids and uric acids, high blood pressure and cardiopathy are the most often observed abnormalities, but age is anyhow strictly correlated with the frequency of the disease and in old patients with diabetes bad outcome of the cerebrovascular accident is to be expected. The EEG, often a valid tool to evaluate the gravity of the cerebral lesion, can give clear information about the prognosis: bioelectrical signs of diffuse suffering of the brain are supporting a bad prognosis. The nature (ischaemic and haemorrhagic) of the CVA remains the most important factor influencing the course of the disease and death is very predictable in haemorrhagic accidents of diabetic patients. PMID- 7301172 TI - [Long-term study of 34 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage not subjected to surgical intervention]. AB - The prognosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage is still a matter of debate. Reference is made to a long-term study of 34 patients not subjected to surgical management. Four recurrences (11.8%), with 3 deaths (8.8%), were noted over a 1-5 yr observation period. A crippling neurological deficiency was noted in 11 subjects (32.2%). The influence of the neurological state in the acute stage on prognosis is discussed. PMID- 7301173 TI - [Clinical significance of 1st degree atrioventricular block and its medico-legal evaluation in cases of pensionable invalidity]. AB - His bundle recording is a useful way of locating the site of block in atrioventricular conduction disturbances. It is a determinant factor in interpreting the causes of fainting and in prognosis, not only for therapeutical but also for medicolegal purposes. PMID- 7301174 TI - [Malabsorption of vitamin B 12 after gastrectomy for cancer]. AB - The authors, after a short introduction of physiopathology, report on 17 patients who underwent a total (10 cases) or a subtotal (7 cases) gastrectomy for cancer at various times and then submitted to hemochromocytometric test and Schilling test modified by Katz and Bell. On the bases of information given by the tests, some clinical and therapeutic considerations are made. PMID- 7301175 TI - [Synovectomy]. AB - The synovial membrane--the articular district of the s.i.--responds to pathogenic stimuli by cell hyperplasia, giving rise to the so-called pannus. This together with regression and haemorrhage, may lead to self-maintenance of the condition, over and above the persistence of the original insult, resulting in chronicity and degeneration. If performed when the disease is still limited to histiocyte hyperplasia, synovectomy is effective in both single-joint forms and systemic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. These conclusions (already evident in the literature) emerged from a review of a series of 67 synovectomies and 29 tenosynovectomies performed between 1969 and 1978 for various joint and tendon afflictions (not including T.B.) marked by synovial hyperplasia. PMID- 7301176 TI - [Plasma levels of anti-epileptic drugs. Evaluation of determinations carried out in the years 1978-1979]. AB - The results of 701 determinations of antiepileptic drug plasma concentrations administered to 190 patients are described. It has been possible to reduce the number of prescribed drugs to 1.55 per patient, so that only 8.1% of subjects takes three or more drugs while 53% is on monotherapy. The use of the measurement of AEDs plasma concentrations resulted very useful: a) when Phenytoin (PHT) is prescribed; b) in epileptic children; c) when the patient takes two or more drugs; d) to evaluate the compliance. A significant increase (p less than 0.01) of the level/dose ratio of Phenobarbital (PB) when PHT is in, or over, the therapeutic range was observed, while at plasma concentrations of PHT below 10 micrograms/ml it does not influence the metabolism of PB. PMID- 7301177 TI - [The use of althesin in endoscopy]. AB - Althesin was used on account of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and its high therapeutic index in a search for a narcotic drug displaying minimal interference with metabolic and functional parameters in the aged. Continuous perfusion of the anaesthetic proved an extremely flexible method bearing in mind the varying length of the operations concerned. Stress is laid on the need for clinical control, especially at the moment of induction to ensure that timely action can be taken in the event of complications. PMID- 7301178 TI - [The problem of infections in an internal medicine department. Analysis of 312 antibiograms]. AB - Following a brief analysis of the problem of hospital infections, the results of a review of 312 antibiograms carried out in the General Medicine Division of Cuneo's S. Croce Hospital in 1979 are reported. PMID- 7301179 TI - [Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome: Vecchietti's colpoplasty in vaginal aplasia]. AB - Successful management of vaginal aplasia in two patients with Rokitansky-Kuster Hauser syndrome by means of Vecchietti's technique is reported. PMID- 7301180 TI - [A case of sacral neurinoma]. AB - A case of sacral neurinoma diagnosed in a 67-year-old woman whose clinical symptomatology consisted for fully 54 years of faint but persistent episodes of lumbo- and sacralgia is reported. Only at the terminal moment of observation did the patient present motor and sensitivity disturbances in the lower extremities, paralysis of the sphincters and sacral decubitus. The mass was identified radiologically and submitted to biopsy. It was localized in the left wing of the sacrum and on the corresponding side of the iliac bone, and presented a diameter of 6 X 9 cm. The slow, practically asymptomatic course, the exclusively intra osseous site, the histological report and late onset of a cauda syndrome, suggest that the origin of the neoplasia lies in the sacral nerves. PMID- 7301181 TI - [Strangulation of Meckel's diverticulum in a crural hernia (Littre's hernia). Presentation of a rare case in a male patient]. AB - A rare case of narrowed Meckel's diverticulum in a right crural hernia sac is reported in a male patient. PMID- 7301182 TI - [Juvenile cerebral infarct. Retrospective analysis of risk factors in 78 cases]. AB - THe records of 78 young adults, who had suffered cerebral infarction, were reviewed with regard to possible pathogenetic mechanisms. Atherosclerosis risk factors appeared to play a major role between the age of 40 and 50, especially in males. Non atherosclerotic factors of cerebral ischemia were found predominant among females under 40, owing to contribution of migraine, oral contraceptive use and pregnancy/puerperium. In 18% of the patients no etiology could be identified. PMID- 7301183 TI - [Immunochemotherapeutic treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms]. AB - The results obtained with a three-fold association of drugs (VCR, 5Fu, MeCCNU) in the treatment of 68 patients suffering from advanced carcinoma of the gastroenteric system followed up over an approximately four year period at the Savona Oncology Centre are reported. The percentage of positive responses (CR + PR) was 75% for carcinoma of the colon-rectum and 44.4% for stomach cancer. The results obtained in intestinal carcinoma proved more satisfactory than those reported in the literature. This could be attributed to the contemporaneous use of Corynebacterium parvum which boosts the immunitary state and so enhances the defences of the host organism, making it more sensitive to polychemotherapy. In the light of this hypothesis, stress is laid on the need to use an immunochemotherapy approach for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the gastroenteric apparatus. PMID- 7301184 TI - [Relationship of P 50 in normal subjects in physiological condition and their percentage of Hb-CO]. AB - After a short review on the actual knowledge about the relationship between P50 of human blood in normal adults and newborns and their relative amount of Hb-CO, the Authors analyze a wide series of subjects in Whom the survey has been performed at the physiological saturations of Hb-CO. The results show that, a part from an usually high percentage of Hb-CO of still unknown origin in the newborn, the P50 of normal adults and newborns appear to be relatively stable and not shifted towards the right in spite of the progressive increasing of hypoxia induced by still physiological levels of Hb-CO. PMID- 7301185 TI - [Relationship between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis]. AB - The best known papers on relations between chronic pancreatitis and tumours of the pancreas are reviewed and a description given of the anatomopathological changes which gradually lead from chronic pancreatitis to cancer. It is maintained that all cases of chronic pancreatis should be considered high risks for pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7301186 TI - [The importance of serum cholesterol levels in the formation of various forms of neoplasms]. PMID- 7301187 TI - [Diagnosis and methodological principles in clinical pathology--II. C-reactive protein (test)]. PMID- 7301188 TI - [The reorganization of homes for the aged. A model for the U.S.S.L]. PMID- 7301189 TI - [Day care hospital for the aged. Analysis of an experience]. PMID- 7301190 TI - [Assistance for the elderly with neoplasms]. PMID- 7301191 TI - [The dihydroergotamine test. Comparative electrocardiographic studies in elderly patients]. PMID- 7301192 TI - [Social and health services for the "incurable" chronically ill. A problem that can not be deferred. Considerations and suggestions to its solution with special reference to the Lombardy region]. PMID- 7301193 TI - [Maintenance of the sinus rhythm after pharmacological cardioversion in the aged]. PMID- 7301194 TI - [Depressive states after the age of 70. Clinical and experimental study on a homogeneous group of 701 rural inhibitants]. PMID- 7301195 TI - [Sideropenia in the aged]. PMID- 7301196 TI - [Statistical data on the growing incidence of diabetes mellitus in the patients admitted to a geriatric department, concerning 18 years of activities and 40,000 patients]. PMID- 7301197 TI - [Cardiac decompensation in the aged]. PMID- 7301198 TI - [Hemoglobin A1c in the aged diabetic. Preliminary studies]. PMID- 7301199 TI - Decrease of a peptide in the cat spinal cord after upper cervical transection. AB - The effects of a transection on the peptide contents in the cat cervical spinal cord have been investigated. Seven days following the hemisection at the C1 level, the C5-8 levels of the spinal cord were used for the biochemical analyses. A crude peptide extract was fractionated on a Sephadex G-15 column. The third major peak which contained smaller molecular weight peptides was collected and separated with a peptide map on the cellulose TLC plate. Three ninhydrin-positive and two ninhydrin-negative peptides were found on the TLC plate. When we compared between the operated side and the control side, a ninhydrin-negative peptide, whose acid hydrolysate was composed of glutamic acid and aspartic acid in a ratio of 1:2, was decreased by approximately 30% in the operated side of the spinal cord. PMID- 7301200 TI - Brain content of leu5- and met5-enkephalin changes independently during the development of kindling in the rat. AB - Brain content of leucine-enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin changes independently during kindling of the amygdala. Both peptides were measured after 4, 8, 15 and 21 days of stimulation. Leu-enkephalin showed a progressive increase during the kindling: the results on the 4th day did not differ significantly from the controls, whereas those on the 8th day displayed an increase only in the stimulated left hemisphere and those on the 15th day showed an increase in both hemispheres. This increase was also seen after 21 days of stimulation. In contrast, Met-enkephalin was not modified during the early stages of kindling, but was found to be increased after the animals had presented five or more generalized seizures. These results show that Leu-enkephalin is related to the development of kindling, whereas Met-enkephalin levels change only as a consequence of the generalized seizures. PMID- 7301201 TI - Actions of vasopressin, gastrin releasing peptide and other peptides on neurons on newborn rat spinal cord in vitro. AB - The actions of various peptides were studied using isolated spinal cord preparation of newborn rat. Vasopressin, substance P, thyrotropin releasing hormone, bombesin, gastrin releasing peptide, oxytocin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin-octapeptide and angiotensin II produced marked depolarizing responses of motoneurons with threshold concentrations of 5 X 10(-10)--8 X 10(-9) M. After the elimination of transsynaptic action by tetrodotoxin, the actions of these peptides were depressed to various extents, the former 5 peptides producing relatively large responses. Somatostatin and enkephalin depressed the dorsal root potential and produced slight hyperpolarization of dorsal root fibers. It is suggested that many of these peptides play important roles in synaptic transmission in mammalian spinal cord. PMID- 7301202 TI - The use of kainic acid for studying the origins of scalp-recorded auditory brainstem responses in the guinea pig. AB - Kainic acid was injected into the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) of guinea pigs to evaluate its use in studying generator loci of the scalp-recorded auditory brain stem response (ABR). Sound-evoked near-field potentials from the MNTB and far-field ABRs were recorded before, during and up to 2 h after the injections. Two hours post-injection, small amounts of kainic acid (0.25 nmol in 0.1 microliters of Ringer solution) resulted in neuronal destruction which histologically appeared confined to the MNTB. Larger amounts (10 nmol in 1.0 microliters) produced more extensive lesions. Regardless of the dose of kainic acid, near-field activity evoked by contralateral ear stimulation was almost totally abolished and ABR wave III amplitude was reduced by as much as 60%. In future studies, the use of excitotoxic amino acids to produce lesions within complex nuclear subdivisions of the auditory pathway may yield valuable information as to the relative contributions that brainstem structures make to the various waves comprising the ABR and about the behavioral effects that axon sparing lesions produce. PMID- 7301203 TI - Amphetamine neurotoxicity on dopamine nerve terminals in the caudate nucleus of mice. AB - Continuous administration of D-amphetamine to mice by osmotic minipumps (placed s.c.) delivering 25 micrograms/h for 7 days led to significant decreases in the endogenous dopamine concentration (-51%) and [3H]noradrenaline uptake (-43%) in vitro in the caudate nucleus. Fluorescence histochemical analysis demonstrated a marked reduction of dopamine fluorescence as well as catecholamine accumulations (sign of neurotoxicity) in the caudate nucleus. No notable effects were noted on the fluorescence morphology of the dopamine cell bodies in the mesencephalon. The dopamine levels were still significantly reduced (-37%) after two months, while the [3H]noradrenaline uptake had at this time-point reached almost normal values. The results are compatible with the view that D-amphetamine can induce acutely a neurodegenerative damage of central dopamine neurons at the level of the nerve terminals in the caudate nucleus with possibilities for regeneration and recovery in the chronic state. PMID- 7301204 TI - Effects of preoptic thermal stimulation on the ventromedial hypothalamic neurons in rats. AB - The effects of temperature on food intake were observed on activities of 54 ventromedial hypothalamic neurons in rats in response to iontophoretically applied glucose and to preoptic thermal stimulation. The major response was that 16 neurons out of 22 facilitated by glucose in the satiety center were facilitated by a rise in preoptic temperature. PMID- 7301205 TI - Activity of substantia nigra units across the sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cats. AB - The activity of dopamine-containing substantia nigra units was recorded by means of movable 32 or 62 micrometers diameter insulated nichrome wires in freely moving cats. Nigral units displayed a slow, somewhat irregular activity during quiet waking (mean = 4.6 spikes per sec), and showed no significant change in activity during sleep. While nigral unit activity was somewhat higher during active waking, there was no relationship between unit discharge and phasic movement. PMID- 7301206 TI - On the entero-pancreatic circulation of endogenous zinc. PMID- 7301207 TI - On the location and efficiency of intestinal removal of dietary iron in man. PMID- 7301208 TI - Zinc therapy of depressed cellular immunity in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 7301209 TI - A vitamin D-dependent, membrane-derived intestinal calcium-binding protein. PMID- 7301210 TI - Regulation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. PMID- 7301212 TI - Dietary advice to the public - 1957 to 1980. PMID- 7301211 TI - Third international caffeine workshop. PMID- 7301213 TI - The occupational health history. PMID- 7301214 TI - Economics of the N.P. role in an industrial setting. PMID- 7301215 TI - Atrial septal defects in adults. PMID- 7301216 TI - Non-clinical problems: assertiveness skills. PMID- 7301217 TI - Focus on health: environmental wellness. PMID- 7301219 TI - Radiology rounds: the injured ankle. PMID- 7301218 TI - Pharmacy update: water soluble vitamin. Part 2. PMID- 7301220 TI - Occupational disease: the patient as worker. PMID- 7301221 TI - Pharmacological studies of behavioral influences on cardiovascular function. AB - Squirrel monkeys, prepared with chronic arterial and venous catheters, responded (pressed a key) under fixed-ratio schedules of termination of a stimulus associated with electric shock or under fixed-ratio schedules of food presentation. Although there was no necessary correlation between schedule controlled responding and cardiovascular changes, pronounced elevations in both heart rate and blood pressure occurred during and just after brief periods of fixed-ratio responding. These episodic increases in blood pressure and heart rate were as marked under schedules of food presentation as under schedules of stimulus-shock termination. Thus, these episodic changes appear to be more dependent upon the schedule-controlled behavior than upon the type of event maintaining the behavior. Pharmacological studies indicated that under the conditions of the behavioral experiments the squirrel monkey has a relatively high degree of cardiac sympathetic tone; however, blood pressure elevations produced by administration of 1-norepinephrine were associated with an increased parasympathetic tone and decreased heart rate. The reflex bradycardia induced by 1-norepinephrine was inhibited during periods of schedule-controlled responding, suggesting that environmental and behavioral factors can not only modulate the parameters of physiological variables but also modulate this basic cardiovascular control system. PMID- 7301222 TI - The paradox of persisting self-punitive behavior. AB - The paradox presented by the "masochist" who persists in behaviors that are followed contingently be seemingly aversive consequences is analyzed. Prototypical data from infra-human experiments are evaluated for their bearing on two theories of self-punitive actions, one based on traditional stimulus-response principles, the other on cognitive assumptions. Although the label "self punitive" is widely used, a question remains as to whether animals that react so as to bring about so-called noxious outcomes are properly to be described as "punishing themselves." In an attempt to resolve this question, two major conceptions of punishment are evaluated as they apply to self-punitive studies. Neither conception is deemed adequate because of a lack of criteria for determining which events are aversive. A search for criteria of aversiveness eventuates in a completely relativistic view in which noxiousness and attractiveness are judged to be relational rather than absolute properties of events. PMID- 7301223 TI - Conditioning and recovery of functions lost by brain damage. AB - The muscle spindle is a receptor apparatus in striated muscle that is necessary for voluntary muscle movement. Paralysis victims lose the feedback of this receptor and cannot initiate motor responses. Four hemiplegic patients were trained to use auditory feedback from electromyographic recordings to initiate activity in paretic limbs. With the addition of visual feedback and the use of the auditory signal as a reinforcing stimulus, the patients' muscle activity was then shaped to approximate normal movement. PMID- 7301224 TI - Pain: a verbal response. AB - Definitions of pain have been ambiguous: sometimes it has been treated as a response; sometimes as a drive or state; and still other times as a stimulus variable. The medical-physiological study of pain has taken three routes: a search for a standard pain-causing stimulus; analysis of the neurological bases of pain; and, methods for alleviating pain. In contrast, it is argued here that the reality of pain resides solely in a subject's report of it. The verbal report is the product of social training, and in each society is shaped to conform with conventional models of pain. Accordingly, the principles and techniques of behavior modification ought to be applicable in the practical management of pain in psychological, medical, and other behavioral contexts. PMID- 7301225 TI - Behavioral methods in medical rehabilitation. AB - The process of assimilation of physical disability and of patient management strategies in medical rehabilitation are analyzed in behavioral terms. Four major problem areas are identified; (1) the aversive characteristics of forced entry from accidental injury or illness into permanent disability; (2) relinquishing pre-onset behavior no longer appropriate because of the disability; (3) acquisition of disability appropriate behaviors; and (4) maintenance of performance or generalization of treatment effects. Each of those problem areas is analyzed in behavior-consequence terms. Case examples are presented to illustrate both analysis of problems in behavioral terms and contingency management strategies for helping. PMID- 7301226 TI - Clinical biofeedback: a behavioral analysis. AB - Clinical biofeedback studies have shown that patients can learn to control highly specific physiological responses such as relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, contraction of the external anal sphincter, heart rate and intracardiac conduction patterns, or blood pressure. Findings from a number of studies indicate that the ability to learn to control abnormal responses is highly reinforcing and facilitates further learning. Other findings indicate that learning tends to be specific to the response being trained. If it is desirable to teach patients to control more than one response, it may be necessary to teach each response independently. PMID- 7301227 TI - Experimental modification of digestive pathology. AB - Two experiments using human volunteers with gastric disorders were performed. The pH level of the subjects' stomach contents was measured with special electrodes in a nasogastric tube. In each experiment, some of the subjects received true feedback (TFG), while others received reverse, or false, feedback (RFG) about the pH of their stomach contents. In the first experiment, giving feedback of pH increases to 27 subjects during the first training session did not result in an alteration of stomach pH or acid concentration. It did, however, result in decreased volume of acid secretion in the TFG (9 subjects). In the second experiment, 10 training sessions were conducted with 12 subjects. 7 in the TFG, 5 in the RFG. The TFG showed increased stomach pH and decreased acid secretion volume, but no changes in acid concentration compared to the RFG. PMID- 7301228 TI - EEG biofeedback: physiological behavior modification. AB - The author reviews the use of operant conditioning to alter electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. A discrete rhythmic EEG pattern directly related to modulation of motor patterns (sensorimotor rhythm, SMR) was brought under voluntary control in the cat. This technique was modified for use in epileptic human volunteers in order to reduce motor seizures. The use of a newer experimental design and its successful application in one subject is described. PMID- 7301229 TI - Pleural and parenchymal pulmonary endometriosis. PMID- 7301230 TI - Surgical management of acute diverticulitis in women. AB - The incidence of diverticular disease of the colon has increased during the course of this century. The management of diverticulitis has changed in many centers from a conservative medical approach to a more aggressive surgical one. The surgical technique has also evolved; primary resection and anastomosis is currently preferred after a standard bowel preparation. The authors reviewed the medical histories of 387 women who had undergone abdominal operation for acute diverticulitis at the Mayo Clinic during a recent 8-year period. Of the 387 patients, 71 (18.3%) had presented with a pelvic mass and 84 (21.7%) had the operation performed by a gynecologic surgeon. The preoperative evaluation, type of operation, morbidity, and mortality in the entire group and in the group managed by a gynecologic surgeon were studied and compared. PMID- 7301231 TI - Cytologic and histologic findings in women using an IUD. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine the source of atypical squamous metaplastic cells that are found in large numbers in smears from women with an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). The cytologic data are obtained from a population screening program totaling 61,151 women, of which 1401 were using an IUD. Histologic data comprise findings from curettings on removal of an IUD and scrapes from the removed IUD in 102 women. These implicate the endometrial surface epithelium as the main source of the atypical cells in cervical smears from IUD users. As this epithelial atypia frequently disappears upon removal of the IUD, conservative follow-up of women with cytologic metaplastic atypia in cervical smears during IUD use is strongly recommended. PMID- 7301232 TI - Radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy through separate groin incisions. AB - One hundred patients underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy using separate groin incisions. Forty-nine had stage I disease, 37 stage II, and 14 stage III. Corrected actuarial 5-year survival for each stage was 97.4, 86, and 49.2%, respectively. Inguinal lymph nodes were positive in 25% of cases: 10.2% of stage I, 27% of stage II, and 71.4% of stage III cases. Major complications occurred in 21 patients, including major groin breakdown in 14. Thirty patients experienced no acute postoperative morbidity. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 19 days, and mean operative blood loss was 620 ml. No patients developed isolated metastases in either the groin or the inguinal skin bridge, but 2 stage III patients developed simultaneous metastases in the skin bridge and elsewhere. For appropriately selected patients, separate groin incisions for inguinal lymphadenectomy appear to result in lower morbidity than traditional methods, without compromising survival. PMID- 7301233 TI - Topical 5-fluorouracil treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - In a prospective study, 27 patients with intraepithelial vaginal neoplasia diagnosed by colposcopically directed biopsies were treated with topical 5 fluorouracil. The cream was applied daily to the entire vagina until mucosal irritation occurred (5 to 10 days). Courses were repeated every 2 weeks for a total of 2 to 3 courses, which were considered 1 treatment, before response was evaluated. Those found to have persistent neoplasia as designated by positive vaginal cytology and/or colposcopically directed biopsies received a second 3 course treatment and were evaluated again. Except for 2 patients (1 who died from intercurrent disease during the treatment and another, evaluated prematurely after the first course of therapy, who was found to have persistent disease and was treated by other means), all patients responded with complete regression of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Three patients developed reactivation of disease within 1 year, were retreated, and are currently completely free of disease. The authors believe the results of this study are very encouraging. PMID- 7301234 TI - Cervical carcinoma in pregnancy. AB - Forty-one cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix associated with pregnancy that were treated at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center from January 1961 through April 1979 were reviewed. Postpartum patients were included in the study if the diagnosis of cancer was made within 6 months of delivery. Three cases of clinical stage IA disease treated by Wertheim-Taussig hysterectomy had a 5-year survival rate of 100%. There were 22 cases of stage IB disease with a 5-year actuarial survival rate of 90%. Four patients with stage IB were treated by radiotherapy, 17 by Wertheim-Taussig hysterectomy, and 1 by a combination of pelvic irradiation, cesium application, and simple extrafascial total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a barrel-shaped cervix. Twelve cases of stage II disease treated by radiotherapy had a 5-year actuarial survival rate of 24%. There were no survivors in 2 cases of stages III and IV disease. The 5-year actuarial survival rate of patients with stage I carcinoma of the cervix associated with pregnancy is not statistically different from that of nonpregnant patients, regardless of the method of treatment. PMID- 7301235 TI - Adjunctive radiation therapy in the management of stage I cancer of the endometrium. AB - One hundred fifty-two patients with stage I, grades 2 and 3 adenocarcinoma of the endometrium, treated in 1972 and 1973 at the Radiumhemmet, are presented. Two uterine packings followed at 4 to 6 weeks by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy resulted in a 5-year survival of 89%, whereas patients treated primarily with surgery followed by vaginal cylinder irradiation demonstrated 90% survival. Patients in both groups received whole pelvis irradiation postoperatively for deep myometrial invasion (more than 50% invasion by viable tumor). Patients treated with radiation therapy alone had 57% survival. Optimal results in poorly differentiated (grade 3) carcinoma of the endometrium were achieved with preoperative packings (90% survival); only 12% of the patients required external radiation therapy postoperatively. PMID- 7301236 TI - Effect of meconium contamination on amniotic fluid lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio. AB - Studies on the lecithin: sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio in amniotic fluid were made before and after the addition of meconium in 130 normal pregnancies. The meconium was collected from premature and term infants after delivery. That which was collected from premature neonates had no significant effect on the mean L:S ratio of amniotic fluid; in 28% (17 of 60), however, the L:S ratio was elevated by 0.1 to 0.2, though in none by more than 0.2. When meconium collected from term neonates was added to amniotic fluid, it significantly increased the mean L:S ratio of amniotic fluid when the baseline L:S ratio was between 1.0 and 1.9 (P less than .01); in 56% (39 of 70), the L:S ratios were elevated by 0.1 to 0.5, though none increased by more than 0.5. This study suggests that when amniotic fluid is contaminated with meconium, an L:S ratio of 2.2 in premature pregnancies and 2.5 or greater in term pregnancies retains its original predictive value. PMID- 7301238 TI - Pregnancy outcomes in black women aged 35 and older. AB - Pregnancy outcomes of women 35 years of age or older are considered to be less favorable than those of younger women. To examine this hypothesis, the records of 26,795 deliveries of black women at Grady Memorial Hospital from 1973 to 1978 were analyzed. Infants of 788 women who were 35 or older had a perinatal mortality rate 1.7 times higher than did infants of younger women (47 versus 28 deaths per 1000 births; P less than .01). There was no difference, however, when women with preexisting hypertension were excluded from analysis. The incidence of primary cesarean section was significantly higher for women 46 or older (17% versus 10%; P less than .001), although incidences of infants with low birth weight, low Apgar scores, and maternal infections were not significantly different. Hypertension was a more important determinant of perinatal survival than was maternal age. Age alone did not appear to be an important obstetric risk factor for healthy women 35 years of age or older. PMID- 7301237 TI - Eclampsia. I. Observations from 67 recent cases. AB - Sixty-seven cases of eclampsia were managed from 1977 to 1980, for an incidence of 1 in 310 deliveries. Eighty-four percent of patients were nulliparous and 82% had received some prenatal care. Prior to convulsion, 14 patients (21%) had a diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg, 39% had no edema, and 21% had no proteinuria. Thirty-seven patients (55%) had their first convulsion in the hospital. Eight patients had convulsions while receiving magnesium sulfate therapy. Convulsions occurred post partum in 25 patients (37%). In 11 patients the onset of eclampsia occurrred 3 to 11 days after delivery. The total perinatal mortality was 8.6% for all cases of eclampsia. Excluding postpartum cases, perinatal mortality was 13.3%, but was only 5% for those fetuses alive on admission to the perinatal center. Abruptio placentae was present in 9 cases and accounted for 4 of the 6 perinatal deaths. The high incidence of eclampsia at the authors' center has not decreased over the past 20 years, but maternal mortality has been reduced from 2.1 to 0%. It was disturbing to find that management error played some role in the development of eclampsia in 50% of the cases. Significant errors--including ineffective magnesium sulfate therapy, failure to treat adequately prior to transport, and lack of communication with a perinatal center- are discussed. PMID- 7301239 TI - Bacteremia in obstetrics: clinical course. AB - The authors reviewed all documented cases of bacteremia in obstetric patients between 1975 and 1979, with emphasis on the clinical course. The incidence of bacteremia was 7.5:1000 obstetric admissions and 9.7% of those patients sampled. One hundred seventy-six bacteremic obstetric patients had the following diagnoses: endoparametritis (123), pyelonephritis (29), chorioamnionitis (14), and other (10). No deaths, clinical evidence of septic shock, or cases of postinfection endocarditis were found. The most common bloodstream isolates were Escherichia coli (57), group B streptococcus (28), and Bacteroides sp (26). The patients with endoparametritis had a fever index of 86.2 +/- 47.1F-hours, an average hospital stay of 6.5 +/- 3.1 days, a 7.3% rate of complications, and a 19.5% rate of failure of primary antibiotics. The patients with chorioamnionitis had a fever index of 32.7 +/- 48.9F-hours and an average hospital stay of 4.8 +/- 2.3 days. These clinical measures are comparable with those in the general population with the same diagnoses at the authors' hospital. In this obstetric population, prompt, vigorous treatment rendered the clinical course of bacteremic patients with genital infections remarkably similar to that of nonbacteremic patients with the same kinds of infection. PMID- 7301240 TI - Alternative birth rooms and birth options. AB - The hospital-based alternative birth room has become a popular alternative to the conventional labor and delivery room setting. Responses to a mailed questionnaire from 78 of 82 (95%) Washington State hospitals with obstetric services were used to relate available birth options to alternative birth room status and obstetric volume. Alternative birth rooms were in existence, or planned, in 63% of responding hospitals. The presence of an alternative birth room was directly related to obstetric volume (P less than .05) and perceived local incidence of home deliveries (P less than .025). Hospitals with an alternative birth room had more postpartum options regardless of obstetric volume. Hospitals with an alternative birth room and less than 1000 annual deliveries had more delivery and bonding options. The results of this analysis, plus the fact that 47 of 78 (60%) responding hospitals offered more than half of the options surveyed, suggest that Washington State hospitals have responded to new consumer desires more than previously appreciated. PMID- 7301241 TI - Behavioral factors contributing to abortion deaths: a new approach to mortality studies. AB - One hundred six women were reported to have died from abortions (55 legal, 10 illegal, and 41 spontaneous) in the United States from 1975 through 1977. In reviewing these deaths, the authors developed a new approach to mortality studies. A catalogue was compiled of behavioral factors (including actions by physicians, patients, communities, and institutions) that in the authors' judgment increased the risk of death from abortion. The proportion of abortion deaths to which each behavioral risk factor contributed was determined. Of the 199 different behavioral factors, 5 contributed to more than 10% of legal abortion deaths, 5 to more than 10% of illegal abortion deaths, and 3 to more than 10% of spontaneous abortion deaths. The most frequent factors involved were delay in obtaining a legal abortion until 13 weeks' gestation or later, incomplete abortion, and inappropriate choice of antibiotics for septic abortion. Assessing the proportion of abortion deaths to which each factor contributed can help identify which factors deserve priority in prevention. PMID- 7301242 TI - Birth weight-specific rates as a bias in the effects of smoking and other perinatal hazards. AB - Perinatal mortality was examined in the Ontario Perinatal Mortality Study (1960 to 1961) subset of 31,788 births and perinatal deaths among English-speaking Canadian-born women. Overall perinatal mortality rose from 22.0 to 28.2 per 1000 if the mother smoked, a 27% increase. When perinatal mortality was computed in birth weight-specific groups (less than 2500 g and 2500 g or more), the rates for smokers were lower than those for nonsmokers in both subgroups. These results occurred because maternal smoking had an even stronger effect on birth weight than on perinatal mortality, increasing the proportion of births of infants weighing less than 2500 g by 106%. These data confirm the hazard of maternal smoking for the unborn, and pinpoint how some studies that have seemingly inconsistent results have erred in analysis. PMID- 7301243 TI - Presidential address. Caring: the key to our future. PMID- 7301244 TI - Postgraduate medical education in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - In a survey mailed to all obstetric and gynecologic residents in January 1978, the content of residency training programs was evaluated in regard to quantity of procedures and quality of supervision. The interaction of family practice residents, nurse midwives, and nurse clinicians was explored as it related to residency training in obstetrics and gynecology. A resident's assessment of his or her training program and an evaluation of the various opportunities of continuing medical education were also included in the survey. The results confirmed the known lack of training in human sexuality problems and practice management, although it was demonstrated that nearly all residency programs provide adequate clinical experience in all other areas of obstetrics and gynecology. Family practice residents do not appear to be altering the quality of obstetric and gynecologic residency training. The survey also indicated that, in most cases, the wide variety of postgraduate educational material is being used by residents. PMID- 7301245 TI - Central nervous system hemorrhage complicating pregnancy. PMID- 7301246 TI - A case of accessory ovary. PMID- 7301247 TI - Ovarian pathology associated with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. AB - Insulin resistance and the skin lesions of acanthosis nigricans are not commonly seen by the gynecologist, but the ovarian pathology that can be associated with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans is well known. The clinical course of disease in a patient with virilization-amenorrhea associated with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans is presented to illustrate the association. Hyperthecosis was the ovarian pathology demonstrated; testosterone levels were in excess of 400 ng/gl. Postoperative testosterone levels were normal at 62 ng/dl. Additional ovarian pathology reported in association with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans includes polycystic ovary disease alone, in association with stromal luteomas, or with bilateral dermoid cysts. Furthermore, masculinizing ovarian neoplasms such as hilar cell tumors have been reported in association with ovarian hyperthecosis. When evaluating patients with androgen excess, it would be worthwhile to keep in mind the association with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and acanthosis nigricans. PMID- 7301248 TI - Tampon-induced injuries. PMID- 7301249 TI - [Healing of penetrating eye injuries]. PMID- 7301250 TI - [Programmed analysis of the effectiveness of microsurgical treatment of penetrating eye injuries]. PMID- 7301251 TI - [Intermittent exophthalmos]. PMID- 7301252 TI - [Mechanophosphene in optic nerve changes]. PMID- 7301253 TI - [Muscular abnormalities in congenital strabismus their diagnosis and clinical significance]. PMID- 7301254 TI - [Effect of instillations of 0.25% rausedyl on ocular accommodation and hemo- and hydrodynamics of the eye]. PMID- 7301255 TI - [Phototherapy of high complicated myopia]. PMID- 7301256 TI - [Experimental substantiation of the possible use of magnetophoresis and magnetophonophoresis in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7301257 TI - [Experimental study of intraocular pressure in sulfuric acid-induced eye burns of different severity]. PMID- 7301258 TI - [Organization of early detection and active observation of glaucoma patients]. PMID- 7301259 TI - [Rationalization of the ophthalmologist's work at an ophthalmological department of a central district hospital]. PMID- 7301260 TI - [Outcome of endogenous uveitis and ways of preventing blindness]. PMID- 7301261 TI - [State of the eyes in children with cleft lip and cleft palate]. PMID- 7301263 TI - [Retinal detachment in 4 generations of one family]. PMID- 7301262 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the skin in primary open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7301265 TI - [General problems of tactics and selection of the method of reoperation in retinal detachment]. PMID- 7301264 TI - [Regression of posterior rosette cataract]. PMID- 7301267 TI - [Characteristics and effectiveness of reoperations in retinal detachment]. PMID- 7301266 TI - [Reoperations in retinal detachment]. PMID- 7301268 TI - [Effectiveness of reoperations in retinal detachment]. PMID- 7301269 TI - [Causes of recurrences and the characteristics of reoperations in post-traumatic retinal detachment]. PMID- 7301270 TI - [Use of cryo- and photocoagulation in reoperations for retinal detachment]. PMID- 7301271 TI - [Convergent exophoria and convergent lengthening of the eye]. PMID- 7301272 TI - [Expediency of using moderate local hypothermia for stimulation of blood circulation in the eye in myopia]. PMID- 7301273 TI - [Value of the photostress method in the diagnosis of tuberculous chorioretinitis and uveitis]. PMID- 7301274 TI - [Ophthalmological-rhinological symptomatology of Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7301275 TI - [New possibilities of stimulating the regenerative processes in penetrating corneal wounds]. PMID- 7301276 TI - [Characteristics of x-ray diagnosis of eye diseases in children]. PMID- 7301277 TI - [New method of choroid revascularization]. PMID- 7301278 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7301280 TI - [Results of complex treatment of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 7301279 TI - [Case of transient bilateral blindness developed as a result of Horton's disease]. PMID- 7301281 TI - Prednisolone plasma levels after oral administration of Prednimustine. Comparison with levels obtained after administration of an equimolar dose of prednisolone. AB - After oral administration of 100 mg Prednimustine to patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, prednisolone levels and the area under the plasma concentration time curve between 2 and 24 h are approximately half of those obtained after the administration of an equivalent dose of prednisolone. As previous studies have reported up to 55% of unchanged Prednimustine in feces. It is suggested that prednisolone plasma levels are as good a parameter of Prednimustine absorption and bioavailability as chlorambucil levels, Prednimustine itself having never been detected in plasma. Whether Prednimustine is hydrolyzed in the intestine before absorption or rapidly taken up by the tissues and hydrolyzed in situ after absorption is unclear at the moment. Myelosuppressive effects of Prednimustine correlated very well with maximal prednisolone levels, emphasizing the value of prednisolone level measurements. PMID- 7301282 TI - Hepatic artery occlusion with perfusion in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. AB - In 2 patients with the malignant carcinoid syndrome, a Swam-Ganz balloon tip, flow-directed catheter was used to occlude hepatic arterial flow and perfuse hepatic metastases with 5-fluorouracil. The first patient, symptomatic for 16 months, was rendered asymptomatic for 14 months after treatment. The second patient was relieved of severe diarrhea and generalized urticaria, but progression of the cardiac manifestations were unaffected. Symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome are usually the most debilitating aspect of this illness. When more conservative measures cannot alleviate their symptoms, hepatic artery occlusion with chemotherapeutic perfusion of metastases should be considered. PMID- 7301283 TI - Multiple myeloma associated with myelofibrosis. Report of a case and literature review. PMID- 7301284 TI - Surgical results in functional squints. Analysis and pathogenetic meaning. AB - (1) In functional squints, it is necessary to assess, in each case, the exact and particular role played by innervational and viscoelastic impairments by carrying out a thorough clinical examination, an electro-oculographic recording and the anesthetic and muscle elongation tests. Such as appraisal is still only approximate, however. (2) Various surgical methods permit the suppression of the deviation but all the procedures are purely empirical, and their results have no pathogenetic significance. Moreover, all the surgical actions cause some muscle and health scarring. For all these reasons, a high rate of success of one-step surgery is not possible. (3) An accurate appraisal of motor balance and, in particular, of the sensory state is very difficult. It can only be achieved by successive controls over a long period of time. Early surgery has many substantial drawbacks. The adjustable-suture technique is very tempting, but the lack of cooperation of most young children renders it use difficult. PMID- 7301286 TI - Non-surgical treatment of tumours of the choroid. PMID- 7301287 TI - Strabismus and tumors of the uvea. PMID- 7301285 TI - Ocular findings in a case of incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome). PMID- 7301288 TI - Congenital nystagmus: clinical types and their surgical treatment. PMID- 7301289 TI - Kinetic electro-oculography: aims - disadvantages and limitations. AB - A recording technique is essential in the study of ocular movements. At present, numerous mechanical, optical and electrical methods are under review. Kinetic electro-oculography is at the moment the only available technique which fulfills most clinical requirements. However, it is a delicate method, subject to numerous hazards; the sources of errors are manifold. With electro-oculography, we can only expect a qualitative and comparative assessment of horizontal movements. Displacements along the oblique axes cannot be studied. PMID- 7301290 TI - The muscle elongation test in functional squints. History - basis and clinical features. AB - Work carried out by Cuppers has proved that squint deviations are related to the innervational and viscoelastic impairments of th ocular muscles, whose association and degree vary according to each case. The passive duction test is always positive in retraction syndromes, but it is not precise enough to detect most of the viscoelastic impairments of functional squints. The authors have noted important and frequent anomalies of muscle stretching; they describe the operative features of a muscle elongation test in various types of strabismic deviations. PMID- 7301291 TI - The muscle elongation test in functional esotropias. Statistical survey of 211 cases. AB - Study of the muscle elongation test in 211 patients with convergent squints who never have been operated on previously reveals that about 35% of cases display abnormal muscle stretching; 48 cases retain a lasting anesthetic angle in spite of a normal elongation test. Particularly significant correlations exist between a positive muscle elongation test and the degree of clinical oculogyric spasm, electro-oculographic motor impairments, squint deviation degrees, and age at strabismus onset. All these correlations prove that viscoelastic anomalies of the ocular muscles are secondary to supranuclear innervational impairments. In addition, both together have an asymmetrical degree on each eye in more than half the cases. The authors conclude that, in order to choose the correct surgical procedure, the results of the anesthetic and muscle elongation tests must be taken into account. PMID- 7301292 TI - Quantitative study of superior oblique paralysis using a synoptometer. PMID- 7301293 TI - A reading aid for patients with macular blindness. AB - A new reading aid (called "kraspegig") for patients with macular blindness is described. It is based on the principle that, in peripheral vision, our attention is strongly drawn to moving objects. Accordingly, it sets the reading matter moving with respect to the patient's retina. Its essential part is a patterned mask into which is cut a window through which a few words of text can be seen. As the mask is slid along, the patient follows it with his eyes, so that the text lags behind. A magnifier is part of the device. PMID- 7301294 TI - An ergo-ophthalmological battery of tests to classify truck drivers. AB - 16 healthy and ophthalmologically normal truck drivers are tested with a battery of tests according to the routine described in the following paper. This includes isopter perimetry, colour discrimination, recovery of sensitivity during dark adaptation and refraction at both far and near points, in order to record night myopia as well as night presbyopia. The ranges of individual variability are reported. As far as refraction is concerned, it seems of interest to stress the individual differences in a sort of "transient anisometropia" under incoming twilight. PMID- 7301295 TI - Corneal sensitivity in pregnancy. AB - Only few studies are available on changes in corneal sensitivity during pregnancy, and most of the earlier work was done with instruments which gave only a rough approximation of the threshold of corneal sensitivity to touch. The new esthesiometer developed by Draeger permits, for the first time, an exact and reproducible determination of the threshold of corneal sensitivity to touch. We studied corneal sensitivity in 86 pregnant women between the 13th and 40th week of gestation. The thresholds were significantly higher in the study as compared to a control group of non-pregnant women. The decrease in corneal sensitivity was not related to duration of gestation, weight gain during pregnancy or mean arterial pressure at the time of examination. Possible mechanisms responsible for changes in corneal sensitivity in pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 7301296 TI - Francois' dyscephalic syndrome and skin manifestations. PMID- 7301297 TI - Leber's idiopathic stellate maculopathy. PMID- 7301298 TI - Contribution of computerized tomography to the study of severe congenital ocular dysplasias. Study of a case of clinical anophthalmos. AB - The present report summarizes the results of a study by computerized tomography (CT) in a child suffering from congenital bilateral anophthalmos and slight mental deficiency. The CT images suggest that this case can be classified as primary anophthalmos. We report a case of suspected congenital bilateral anophthalmos whom we investigated by computerized tomography (CT). A thorough examination of the brain and intraorbital contents was carried out. PMID- 7301299 TI - Low-tension glaucoma: our clinical experience. PMID- 7301300 TI - Changes of refraction in the adult eye due to changing refractive indices of the layers of the lens. AB - If, in a diaphanous homogeneous medium with a given refractive index, areas with different refractive indices develop, a plane between these areas will become visible provided the difference between the local refractive indices suffices for reflection of light. Conversely, where such planes are observed, a difference between the refractive indices on either side may be assumed. Finally, change of the localization of the planes indicates alteration of the refractive indices. The above approach is applicable to slitlamp images of the lens. PMID- 7301301 TI - Precalculated artificial lens implantation with refractive balance. AB - The two main possibilities of error of the generally used methods for artificial lens implantation after preoperative ultrasound measurements and calculations are discussed. By using our additional special calibration to the ultrasonic equipment we can predict the postoperative refraction with an error of +/- 0.5 D corresponding to an uncorrected vision of about 20/40 and better. Procedures based on the validity of Knapp's law may lead to optical pitfalls, since Knapp's law is only valid for eyes with variable eye length, while it is known that human phakic, pseudophakic and aphakic eyes have a constant eye length. Three principles for the precalculated artificial lens implantation are published and results of refractive balances are given. PMID- 7301302 TI - Instrument and book supplement. PMID- 7301303 TI - Ophthalmology's characteristics as a specialty, from an information science viewpoint. AB - Ophthalmology is the medical specialty most oriented toward outpatient care. Hospitalization of eye patients is necessary in only a small percentage of cases requiring surgery. Many more ophthalmologic patients have non-surgical diseases, and even more have no disease, but require preventive check-ups and eyeglasses for benign refractive conditions. Many patients are self-referred or referred non specifically by other physicians. Ophthalmologic practice is like primary care, with a large throughput of patients, many of whom are normal. The ophthalmologist uses sophisticated instruments and does lengthy and difficult examinations in the private office, when gathering data on which to base medical judgments in the search for patients with serious disease. Data gathering is seldom delegated to distant laboratories. Getting medical information into a computer system poses serious problems that limit the present availability of computerized medical record keeping systems. PMID- 7301305 TI - The use of sclera in the treatment of dysthyroid eyelid retraction. AB - The use of sclera for correcting dysthyroid lid retraction is described. Forty three procedures on 14 patients are reviewed. Of these 43 procedures, 18 were for upper eyelid retraction, and 25 were for lower eyelid retraction. A tapered graft, larger temporally, was used for the upper eyelid. An eliptical graft of uniform vertical height was used for lower eyelid. Moderately predictable results were obtained; 66% of patients were corrected to within 1 mm of desired positions after the first operative procedure. Only 13% of patients required additional surgery. When secondary procedures were required, the eyelids were corrected to the desired location. Complications were minimal. Sclera proved to be an excellent graft material for dysthyroid eyelid retraction. PMID- 7301304 TI - The use and fate of fascia lata and sclera in ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. AB - The introduction and use of newer surgical materials, better surgical instruments, finer suture materials, and improved optical equipment have allowed us to advance certain techniques in ophthalmic surgery and ophthalmic plastic surgery. In oculoplastic surgery, fascia lata and sclera are but a few of these materials used with greater frequency. In this paper, a number of techniques are described depicting the use of fascia lata and sclera. A histologic study of these materials after variable periods of implantation is presented. PMID- 7301306 TI - Tarsal strip procedure for correction of eyelid laxity and canthal malposition in the anophthalmic socket. AB - Surgically anophthalmic sockets commonly have laxity of the lower eyelid, inferior displacement of the lower eyelid and lateral canthus, shallowing of the inferior fornix, and a deep superior sulcus. These deformities result in difficulty in prosthesis retention, pooling of tears and mucus, epiphora and lower eyelid irritation, and poor cosmesis with an appearance of facial asymmetry. The causes of these problems are numerous, but the main anatomic deformity is a marked laxity and elongation of the lateral canthal tendon. The tarsal strip procedure is ideal for correcting or improving these deformities simultaneously with one simple procedure. We are very pleased with our results in 26 patients with surgically anophthalmic sockets in which this procedure was utilized. We highly recommend the tarsal strip procedure not only to correct these conditions in anophthalmic sockets but in almost any condition where laxity of the eyelids or canthal malposition requires surgical correction. PMID- 7301307 TI - Correction of facial contour deformities with prefabricated sculptured implants. AB - Close collaboration between the ophthalmologist and ocularist is essential to achieve the best results in the correction of facial contour deformities with prefabricated, sculptured implants. We used previously described techniques to make such implants with RTV-382 silicone and methyl methacrylate resin to correct facial defects. One patient with bony defects of the forehead and superior orbital rim, and another patient with a superior sulcus deformity illustrate the value of these procedures. PMID- 7301308 TI - Total hyphema evacuation by vitrectomy instrumentation. AB - We describe our technique for the surgical removal of hyphema using the Ocutome vitrectomy system and report the results in 12 patients. Blood was removed successfully with just one operation in all 12 eyes. Eleven of the 12 eyes maintained intraocular tension of less than 20 mm Hg. Vision improved in 11 of 12 eyes and six had a vision of 6/18 or better. Permanent vision loss could not be attributed to the operative technique. PMID- 7301309 TI - Management of the fellow eyes of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. AB - The experience of the senior author over the past 18 years in the management of fellow eyes of 3,036 patients with rhegmatogenous detachment is reported. The study group is composed of 2,221 patients with no history of detachment surgery or prophylactic treatment in the functional fellow eye. Of 816 eyes with retinal breaks, lattice degeneration, or retinoschisis-the types of pathology most conducive to detachment-70% were treated with xenon-arc photocoagulation or cryoapplication. Detachment occurred subsequently in 5.4% of the eyes treated with photocoagulation, 2% of the eyes treated with cryoapplications, and 8.2% of the eyes with major pathology that were not treated. Essentially normal fellow eyes with no major pathology and, consequently no treatment, had a subsequent detachment rate of 5.3%. The authors conclude that prophylactic treatment via transconjunctival cryoapplication is safe and effective and recommend treatment of all fellow eyes with lattice degeneration and breaks. PMID- 7301310 TI - Pseudophakic flat anterior chamber following retinal detachment repair. AB - Flat anterior chambers were caused by varying mechanisms in 10 of 70 consecutive pseudophakic eyes operated on for retinal detachment. With iris or capsular implant fixation, three of 46 (7%) developed flat anterior chambers, and with anterior chamber lenses, the occurrence was seven of 24 (29%). Events initiating flat chambers included wound leak, pupillary block, and choroidal detachment. In eyes with flat anterior chambers, the retina could not be reattached in one case, extensive peripheral anterior synechia with persistent intraocular pressure elevation occurred in another case, and bullous keratopathy remained in two additional instances. Endothelial cell densities were obtained in eight eyes and were low on an age-related basis. PMID- 7301311 TI - Pseudophakic cystoid maculopathy: a study of 50 cases. AB - The incidence of clinical cystoid macular edema (CME) in routine cataract surgery is about 2%. Clinically significant pseudophakic maculopathy has a higher incidence and is more severe. Fifty cases of CME following intracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in a series of 821 consecutive cases were reviewed. The overall incidence of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) was 6.1%. Several clinical observations were made: (1) Young patients, or those under 65, had a much higher incidence of PCME, approaching 20%; (2) chronic inflammation is responsible for pseudophakic cystoid maculopathy; (3) systemic steroid therapy of CME in the pseudophakic patient was beneficial in 80% of the cases, with a response within ten days; and (4) pseudophakic cystoid maculopathy is almost always recurrent and frequently requires maintenance suppression with daily steroid drops after recovery. Forty-four percent of these patients did not recover better than 20/40 visual acuity, suggesting that CME in the pseudophakic patient is not a benign, self-limited disease. PMID- 7301312 TI - Polypropylene. AB - Polypropylene is a polymer widely used in lens implantation, both as a loop material and as an intracameral suture. The chemistry and qualities of this material are discussed. Predicated on its usage in other types of surgery, it appears to be resistant to degradation. However, reports have suggested that it may degrade when exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation. This would not be a consideration in internal organs, but the eye is a unique case, and the matter should be studied further. PMID- 7301313 TI - Nylon in the anterior chamber. AB - The extensive use of nylons as iris fixation sutures and intraocular lens loops has resulted in complication rates of between 0.5 and 19%, depending on the series and postoperative time of examination. The primary reason for failure is chemical degradation of the nylon, particularly in the area posterior to the iris. The major clinical consequence of broken fixation sutures is corneal epithelial edema which is usually reversible if the touching suture is removed. PMID- 7301314 TI - Exfoliation glaucoma: a quantitative perfusion and ultrastructural study. AB - The aqueous outflow systems of both eyes from a patient with well documented exfoliation syndrome were studied postmortem by quantitative perfusion and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This provided a rare opportunity to correlate clinical and postmortem findings. the right eye was phakic with early glaucoma. The left eye was aphakic with moderately severe glaucoma prior to the cataract surgery. The eyes were fixed at a perfusion pressure of 25 mm Hg. In both eyes the spaces of the corneoscleral trabecular meshwork were open and mostly free of exfoliation material. The trabecular cells appeared normal and contained no exfoliation material. Failure to take up exfoliation material contrasts with the known tendency of these cells to take up pigment and other particles. The main pathology involved destruction of Schlemm's canal and accumulation of exfoliation material in the juxtacanalicular region of both eyes. The changes in Schlemm's canal and the juxtacanalicular region appeared sufficient to account for increase in resistance to aqueous outflow. PMID- 7301315 TI - Spontaneous enophthalmos associated with chronic maxillary sinusitis. AB - Enophthalmos and ptosis of the globe is usually a consequence of orbital trauma resulting in a blowout fracture of the orbital floor. Surgical exploration reveals a loss of inferior support due to a disruption of the bony orbital floor. We document five patients with a syndrome of spontaneous enophthalmos and ptosis of the globe unassociated with orbital trauma. The apparent dissolution of the orbital floor causes the loss of inferior support. There is a strong association with ipsilateral chronic maxillary sinus disease. PMID- 7301317 TI - Subperiosteal hematic cyst of the orbit. PMID- 7301316 TI - The effect of human intraocular fluid on vascular endothelial cell migration. AB - Several recent studies have demonstrated that vascular endothelial cell migration is an essential element of new blood vessel formation. We have recently developed an in vitro assay to study the effect of various substances on vascular endothelial cell migration. We now report the use of this assay to study the effect of human intraocular fluid on endothelial cell migration. We have found a good correlation between the presence of progressive retinal neovascularization in an eye and the ability of vitreous cavity fluid from that eye (obtained at the time of vitrectomy) to stimulate vascular endothelial cell migration in vitro. PMID- 7301318 TI - Is the solitary papilloma of the bronchus always a benign tumor? AB - 99 pulmonary resections for benign tumors were performed during the period 1967 1978. 4 patients showed bronchial papilloma. Solitary papilloma of the bronchus is one of the rarest benign tumors; the differences of multiple papillomatosis and inflammatory polyp are stressed. Malignant change was observed in 3 of the 4 cases. The 4 patients presented a 2- to 5-year history of hemoptysis episodes and radiographic aspects characterized by intermittent atelectasis. Radical surgery is the only satisfactory therapy; endoscopic removal of the neoplasm is often incomplete and unsatisfactory. PMID- 7301319 TI - Carotid-artery rupture as a late effect of Thorotrast angiography. AB - Thorotrast, a contrast medium containing radioactive thorium, was in use in the period 1930 to 1945. It is retained in the body after use, with harmful effects, including the induction of malignancies. Accidental, extravasal injection during carotid angiography results in cervical granulomas with progressive, local damage. A case is reported in which lesions of the vagus, glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal and facial nerves have developed over a 40-year period after carotid angiography. A limited removal of the injected Thorotrast was carried out and, in the postoperative period, rupture of the arterial wall necessitated ligation of the common carotid artery. No additional complications arose from this. The therapeutic implications are discussed PMID- 7301320 TI - Changes of the action potential, the summating potential and cochlear microphonics in experimental endolymphatic hydrops. AB - The changes of the action potential (AP), the summating potential (SP) and cochlear microphonics (CM) were investigated in reference to the grade of endolymphatic hydrops produced by endolymphatic sac obliteration in guinea pigs. In a few cases with minimum endolymphatic hydrops, super-normal AP was obtained. With an increase of endolymphatic hydrops, CM responses were reduced although AP responses at intensive stimulation were maintained relatively well. It is thought that the polarity of positive SP, as observed in control, was influenced to deflect towards negative SP by an interaction between the increased degree of endolymphatic hydrops and the changes of the biochemical components of the inner ear fluids. PMID- 7301321 TI - Audiological and vestibular findings in long-term hormonal treatment. AB - 93 patients receiving long-term hormonal treatment at the Hormonal Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Gynecology were examined audiologically and electronystagmographically. The patients had different hormonal disturbances including Turner's syndrome. Electronystagmography showed normal values with the exception of lower slow-component speeds in Turner syndrome patients and a shift of all directional preponderances to the left. Audiologically 13% showed pathological values in the filtered speech test. This phenomenon may be partially connected to a central gnostic hearing lesion. More studies on sensitized speech tests are necessary in patients using steroid hormones. PMID- 7301322 TI - Conditions of clinical recovery from partial facial palsy caused by injury to a branch of the facial nerve. AB - This study was conducted to elucidate the pattern of clinical recovery from partial facial palsy caused by injury to a branch of the facial nerve in rabbits. In the experiment, the state of recovery from palsy was investigated by observing the movement of the m. orbicularis oris of the rabbit at the time of food intake, as well as by observing the evoked wave and muscle contraction caused by nerve stimulation, and the muscle contraction caused by muscle stimulation. Recovery from peripheral facial nerve palsy is complete within 1 month after nerve impairment if over half of the nerve fibers of the impaired nerve are maintained intact without degeneration. PMID- 7301323 TI - [Aseptic epiphyseal necrosis during the growth period]. PMID- 7301324 TI - [Outcomes of acetabular transposition in treating congenital hip dislocation and subluxation in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7301325 TI - [Histometric characteristic of the hip joint muscles in congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 7301326 TI - [Treatment of acetabular fractures]. PMID- 7301327 TI - [Flexor deformations of the hands: the basic orthopedic signs of Edwards syndrome and the causes of their formation]. PMID- 7301328 TI - [Determination of the degree of severity and of the evolution of shortening of the extremities in children]. PMID- 7301329 TI - [Anthropometric approach to basing the surgical correction of body length and proportions in achondroplasia patients]. PMID- 7301330 TI - [Congenital and acquired functional insufficiency of the muscles and ligament apparatus]. PMID- 7301331 TI - [Cholinesterase deficit and cardiovascular system functional changes in burn patients in the septicotoxemia stage]. PMID- 7301332 TI - [Genetic predisposition to the occurrence of degenerative--dystrophic joint lesions]. PMID- 7301333 TI - [Electromyographic evaluation of the conservative treatment results in spastic torticollis in children]. PMID- 7301334 TI - [Lesion of the sternoclavicular joints in Tietze's syndrome]. PMID- 7301335 TI - [Para-articular cavernous hemangioma simulating a "joint mouse" of the knee joint in a child]. PMID- 7301336 TI - [Treatment method for osteoblastoclastomas with metadiaphyseal localization in children]. PMID- 7301337 TI - [Mechanism of the torsion in the development of segments of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7301338 TI - [Acupuncture reflexotherapy of painful contractures in children with fractures in the elbow joint region]. PMID- 7301339 TI - [Metabolic status indices of patients under surgical treatment scoliosis]. PMID- 7301340 TI - [Method of supra-acetabular reconstruction using an allograft of the acetabular fossa]. PMID- 7301341 TI - [Oblique angular osteotomy of the pelvis]. PMID- 7301342 TI - [Technic of triple pelvic osteotomy in hip joint dysplasia]. PMID- 7301343 TI - [Improved skeletal traction in fractures of the leg bones]. PMID- 7301344 TI - [Quality improvement in student training in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 7301345 TI - A working hypothesis on the interdependent genesis of nucleotide bases, protein amino acids, and primitive genetic code. PMID- 7301346 TI - Molecular complexes of amino acids with porphyrins as possible precursors of pigment-protein systems. AB - The present communication gives experimental results of the studies of catalytic and photochemical properties of peptide-like compounds containing metalloporphyrins (hemoproteinoids and molecular complexes obtained through adsorption of porphyrins and amino acids on volcanic ash). The data suggest that molecular complexes of amino acids with porphyrins could have evolved in the course of chemical evolution and were intermediated between abiogenically synthesized molecules of amino acids and porphyrins and pigment-protein systems of living organisms. PMID- 7301347 TI - Effect of polynucleotides on the dimerization of glycine. AB - Polynucleotides were found to suppress the dimerization reaction of aqueous glycine with trimetaphosphate as the condensing agent. Small anions (chloride, acetate, and phosphate) did not show this effect. The reaction was studied at a pH of about 11.5 and at 70 degrees C and room temperature with a 13 mM concentration of glycine and trimetaphosphate. Under these conditions, the effect of the polynucleotides was in the following order: polyguanylic acid less than polycytidylic acid less than polyadenylic acid less than polyuridylic acid. The result may have a significant implication for the understanding of processes of chemical evolution. PMID- 7301349 TI - Chirality of electrons from beta-decay and the left-handed asymmetry of proteins. AB - A simplified mathematical model of the origin of the left-handed asymmetry of proteins in living matter is presented. The model is based on the hypothesis of Vester and Ulbricht that the chirality of (left-handed) electrons from naturally beta-active elements, e.g. 14C, 40K, etc., was the specific source of the asymmetry; it requires for its application data on interaction of electrons having non-zero chirality with racemic mixtures of amino acids. This interaction is here treated theoretically in an order-of-magnitude calculation. Our analysis yields a very approximate value of the induced steady-state asymmetry in the amino acids at the beginning of protein synthesis and indicates that this asymmetry, though small, may have been sufficient to account for the dominant left-handedness of proteins now observed. PMID- 7301348 TI - Primordial transport of sugars and amino acids via Schiff bases. AB - Experimental support is given for a model concerning the origin of a primordial transport system. The model is based on the facilitated diffusion of amino acids stimulated by aliphatic aldehyde carriers and sugars stimulated by aliphatic amine carriers. The lipid-soluble diffusing species is the Schiff base. The possible role of this simple transport system in the origin of an early protocell is discussed. PMID- 7301350 TI - [Neonatal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis]. PMID- 7301351 TI - [Prolonged low-dose chloroquin therapy of porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 7301353 TI - [Hungarian anthropology in 100 years old]. PMID- 7301352 TI - [Immune reactivity of patients with bladder tumors]. PMID- 7301354 TI - [Effectiveness of indomethacin in the management of childhood and juvenile primary dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 7301355 TI - [Oral contraceptives and liver tumors]. PMID- 7301356 TI - [Hypertonic dyskinesia of Oddi's sphincter]. PMID- 7301357 TI - [Cholecystectomy and colon cancer]. PMID- 7301358 TI - [Mortality of Gypsy infants in Szabolcs-Szatmar County during 1958-1978, in light of improved health care]. PMID- 7301359 TI - [Detection of asbestos particles in the cancerous bile duct of a patient with respiratory asbestosis]. PMID- 7301360 TI - [Direct double-contrast roentgen examination of the small intestine]. PMID- 7301361 TI - [Functional test for fallopian tube patency]. PMID- 7301362 TI - [Electrolytes and metabolic disorders in hormone-secreting bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7301363 TI - [Incidence of consanguinity and endogamy in marriages among the population of Mezokovesd]. PMID- 7301364 TI - [The role of peritoneal dialysis in operative gynecology]. PMID- 7301365 TI - [Gorlin-Goltz syndrome]. PMID- 7301366 TI - [Laser in the management of syncumar necrosis]. PMID- 7301367 TI - [Dilatation of hepatic sinusoids caused by oral contraceptives]. PMID- 7301368 TI - [Prevention of anaerobic infections with metronidazole (Klion) in colon surgery]. PMID- 7301369 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7301370 TI - [Comparison of clinical vs. real time ultrasonic diagnosis of intrauterine fetal death]. PMID- 7301371 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole (Klion) in relation to age]. PMID- 7301372 TI - [Clinico-genetic, radiologic and histopathologic evaluation of a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva]. PMID- 7301373 TI - [Follow-up studies following antrotomy in infancy and early childhood]. PMID- 7301374 TI - [Dental enamel solubility studies in a group of secondary-school-age girls]. PMID- 7301375 TI - [Bicycle-ergometric studies in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 7301376 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition and antibody levels in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7301377 TI - [Successful thrombolytic therapy of thrombosis caused by the Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7301378 TI - [Recurrent scleritis and septicopyemia associated with primary chronic polyarthritis]. PMID- 7301379 TI - [Successful use of the Gore-tex vascular prosthesis]. PMID- 7301380 TI - [Weight loss after jejuno-ileal bypass surgery]. PMID- 7301381 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome) in childhood]. PMID- 7301382 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of ultrasonic diagnosis in extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 7301384 TI - [Fatal mycoplasma pneumonia associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 7301383 TI - [Perforation as a complication of irrigoscopy]. PMID- 7301385 TI - Symposium on anesthesia in head and neck surgery. PMID- 7301386 TI - Anesthesia and otolaryngology--1981. PMID- 7301387 TI - Anesthesia of the teeth, supporting structures, and oral mucous membrane. PMID- 7301389 TI - [The interaction of biological and social factors on the effect of treatment in cases of phenylketonuria (author's transl)]. AB - The dietary control was poor in 14, good in 21, and excellent in 6 out of 41 patients with pku which had been treated early. The mean IQ at termination of the diet in these groups was 80 +/- 17, 94 +/- 11, and 93 +/- 8 resp. In the group of the children with poor dietary control, it was ascertained that, in comparison to the groups with good and excellent control; the parents education at school had been mainly terminated with a lower grade, none of the parents had been to college, the mothers were often without any professional training, knowledge of genetical problems was poor, the parents had been somewhat older at the birth of the child and the mean number of children per family was higher. PMID- 7301388 TI - [Pharmacokinetic of antibiotics in patients with mucoviscidosis (author's transl)]. AB - Inadequate therapeutic results in the treatment of bacterial infections in patients with Cystic Fibrosis prompted a reevaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of orally and parenterally administered drugs in these patients. Gentamicin, Azlocillin and Ticarcillin are eliminated faster in patients with Cystic Fibrosis. Serum concentrations show a rapid decrease over 60 to 90 minutes and surpass MIC values of Pseudomonas isolates for a maximum of only 60 minutes. 70% to 90% of the administered amount of drug is eliminated within two hours in the urine. Concomitantly determined clearance rates for creatinine didn't show abnormalities, however they pointed towards an additional tubular secretion of Gentamicin which is not seen in healthy controls. Cephalexin, Epicillin and both components of Cotrimoxazol show a delay in oral absorption. The renal elimination of Cephalexin and Trimethoprim is unaltered, but the excretion of Epicillin and Sulfametrol is enhanced again. This is seen by a delay and decrease in the maximal serum concentration (Cmax), but increased urine recovery. Doubling of the dose of gentamicin administered as i. v. infusion over 45 to 60 minutes results in smooth serum curve, the MIC values of most encountered organisms are surpassed for 3 hours and more. The clinical applicability of this recommendation however awaits further investigations concerning efficacy and safety. PMID- 7301390 TI - [Summer camping for juvenile diabetics: effects on psychological variables (author's transl)]. AB - The course of diabetes mellitus does not only depend on mere medical treatment. Psychological factors also play an important part. Since 1955 summer camping for diabetic children has been organized in Austria enabling juvenile diabetics to live together with a group of children sharing the same fate. This community offers the opportunity for experience to be interchanged and for knowledge about diabetes to be increased. The children's self confidence and independence is improved. In this study the changes of psychological variables during a 4 week camping period are documented. 49 children between the ages of 8-14 years were tested by a special questionnaire which registered 4 dimensions: social behavior, independency, the attitude of the children to their disease and the knowledge about it. At the end of the camping period a significant improvement in the 4 variables was found when compared to the beginning of the course. These results indicate that the institution of a diabetic camp is very important for the psychological and personal development of juvenile diabetics. PMID- 7301391 TI - [Guidelines towards examination of the lung function in children (author's transl)]. AB - Examination of the lung function in school children is complicated and necessitates a considerable amount of technical equipment. The general practitioner carrying out the examination should not forget that a detailed clinical examination and a good stethoscope can provide important information for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and further therapy of the child. The range of so-called simple electronic spirometers with a print-out of data tempts practitioner to use them in the diagnostics of the functioning of the lung. There is, however, considerable danger that these instruments lead more often in wrong results. A simple bell spirograph with a recording unit together with a helium analysis instrument allows the doctor to make a complete spirogram which gives exact information. In addition, the doctor requires a special lung laboratory to which to transfer children for a period of supervision and larger. The doctor should be aware that an absence of clinical symptoms, proved in practice, does not necessarily mean that the lung is working normally. Indication of an extended examination of the lungs can be deduced from a blood gas analysis, which can, with some practice be determined in the office. A reduced pO2 or an increased pCO2 can indeed indicate a disorder even when the child appears on examination to be clinically healthy. Instruments new commonly in use for analyzing the blood gas with capillary blood can also be introduced into the office. PMID- 7301392 TI - [Serum ferritin in pregnancy at term and in newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Serum ferritin, -iron, and -transferrin, and red cell blood count in 53 non selected pregnant women at term, and from the respective cord blood samples were determined. In addition, serum ferritin was measured in 20 infants longitudinally on the first and sixth day of life. The mean cord blood concentrations of fetal serum ferritin were 135 micrograms/l, (maternal: 30,5 micrograms/l), and of fetal serum iron 27,7 mumol/l (maternal: 17,3 mumol/l), and of fetal transferrin 1,6 g/l (maternal: 4,43 g/l). A correlation between maternal and fetal serum ferritin levels could not be demonstrated. There was also no relationship between maternal serum ferritin concentrations and fetal serum iron, transferrin, and red blood count. Within the first week of life serum ferritin levels of the newborn showed a tendency to increase. From these results and from experimental data in the literature, we conclude that the feto-placental unit covers its demand on iron at the mother's expense, and independent from maternal iron stores. It is probably only an additional insufficient nutritional supply of iron, combined with depleted iron stores which might have unfavourable effects to the fetal and neonatal iron metabolism. PMID- 7301393 TI - [The relation of professor Hirschsprung (author's transl)]. AB - The disease described by Hirschsprung about "rectal-sluggishness of newborns" remains clinically important. However, its course is often atypical. A different histological or histochemical picture may underlie similar symptoms. Hypoganglionosis and intestinal neuronal dysplasia are the most predominant among them. PMID- 7301394 TI - [Biphasic splenic rupture in a hemophilic child (author's transl)]. AB - This report describes a biphasic splenic rupture following trauma in a 12 1/2 years old boy with the severe form of hemophilia B. Immediately after the trauma the boy was treated with only one single dose of factor IX concentrate. He stayed free of symptoms for 9 days until finally severe abdominal bleeding occurred. PMID- 7301395 TI - [You make the diagnosis]. PMID- 7301396 TI - [Urgent x-ray examination of new-born babies. I. Oesophagus-stomach (author's transl)]. AB - This paper provides the paediatrician using radiology and his assistants with exact and easily-understood instructions as to how to carry out an urgent X-ray examination of the oesophagus and the stomach. As far as an X-ray examination for the diagnosis of an atresia of the oesophagus, an oesophago-tracheo fistula and a pylorus stenosis, are concerned, fluoroscopy is in the first instance unnecessary, provided that an exact sequence of steps is kept to. Only in cases of long-term check-ups after oesophagus operations and oesophago-tracheo fistulas that are difficult to prove fluoroscopy is necessary. By carrying out the examinations suggested here, a correct diagnosis can be reached soon and exposure of the child to radiations kept to a minimum. PMID- 7301397 TI - [Accidental ingestion of corrosives by children (author's transl)]. AB - Data of the Poison Information Center in Vienna and analysis of the literature indicate: 1) Accidental ingestion of corrosives by children occurs frequently, but rarely causes dangerous complications or sequelae (edema of the larynx, perforation and stricture formation in the esophagus or stomach). This is in contrast to attempted suicides by adults. 2) The first and most important step after the accident is the intake of copious amounts of water. The dangers of neutralizing acid or lye are discussed. 3) Only symptoms and signs, not kind or pH of the caustic agent afford a reliable guide for deciding whether or not the child needs further observation and treatment. This paper deals with first aid measures only, not with further treatment (e.g. shock treatment, prophylaxis of stricture formation etc.). PMID- 7301398 TI - On "ratio scales of sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors". AB - The cross-modality matching methods of Stevens [16] have been used by Gracely and his colleagues [4-6] to provide numerical values for "verbal pain descriptors." These numerical values, it is claimed, provide reliable, objective and valid ratio-level measurement of the sensory and affective dimensions of pain. Each of these claims is critically examined. PMID- 7301399 TI - Pain assessment in humans -- a reply to Hall. PMID- 7301400 TI - Inhibitory mechanisms of the hyper-irritability caused by picrotoxin in the rat. AB - Topically applied norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA and glycine, and systemically administered clonidine, L-DOPA (plus carbidopa) and 5 hydroxytryptophan completely suppressed the cutaneous hyper-irritability produced in the trigeminal sensory distribution by picrotoxin overlying the caudal medulla. Cholinergic agents and apomorphine were ineffective. Of the positive compounds, norepinephrine, serotonin and GABA showed the shortest latencies and norepinephrine and serotonin required the lowest concentrations in order to inhibit the hyper-irritability. If L-DOPA (plus carbidopa) was injected after pre treatment with FLA-63, the effects of L-DOPA did not appear. Similar depression of the hyper-irritability was caused by electrical stimulation of the central gray. The inhibitory effects of stimulation of the central gray was suppressed after administration of tetrabenazine, but again it produced markedly by injection of L-DOPA. From these observations it was concluded that the hyper irritability could be suppressed by serotonergic as well as noradrenergic fibers terminating at the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis. The potential clinical use of L-DOPA in patients with hyperesthesia is discussed. PMID- 7301401 TI - Changes in pain perception after treatment for chronic pain. AB - Pain threshold, sensitivity, response bias and ability to discriminate were measured before and after treatment for 15 improved and 15 unimproved chronic pain patients diagnosed as having myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) syndrome, There were no differences between the groups before treatment. After treatment, the improved group showed an increase in pain threshold, sensitivity and ability to discriminate between different levels of painful stimulation and a decrease in response bias to report pain. The unimproved group showed no changes. PMID- 7301402 TI - Depression, anhedonia and anxiety in temporomandibular joint and other facial pain syndromes. AB - Depression, anhedonia, state anxiety (A-state), trait anxiety (A-trait), and self reported pain estimate were measured in almost 500 facial pain patients. These patients were divided into 3 diagnostic categories: myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPD) [18], arthritis of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ arthritis), and trigeminal neuralgia. Three control groups were measured for comparison. They consisted of an normal, or non-patient group, a group of arthritis patients, and a group of movement disorder patients attending a neurology clinic. Among the facial pain patients and the normal controls few differences were found with regard to anhedonia and depression, The arthritis and neurology patients produced significantly higher depression and anhedonia scores than did several of the facial pain groups. Pain estimate ranged from 0 for control, to a mean of 67.6 +/ 31.3 for the trigeminal neuralgia patients with the MPD (means = 56.2 +/- 32.5) and the TMJ arthritis patients (means = 46.7 +/- 30.8) somewhat lower. Clinical variables such as duration of pain, help seeking behavior and total number of symptoms were correlated with depression but not with anhedonia scores, It is hypothesized that anhedonia is a measure separate from depression and may be more closely linked to suffering behavior that to pain behavior. Psychological variables did not discriminate among facial pain patients and in particular did not distinguish between so-called functional and organic illness. PMID- 7301404 TI - Pain measurement: construct validity of the affective dimension of the McGill Pain Questionnaire with chronic benign pain patients. AB - The research reported here used a population of chronic benign pain patients and examined the relationship between scores in the affective dimension of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and independent measures of affect and infirmity The data indicated that patients who reported high affective dimensional scores were significantly more depressed and anxious and somatized more than patients who reported low effective scores. Similarly, these high affective patients reported significantly greater perceived infirmity secondary to their pain. These results suggest that the affective dimension score of the McGill Pain Questionnaire can serve as a useful index of the overall affective status of pain patients and given this interpretation the dimension has good construct validity. PMID- 7301403 TI - Functional changes in ventrobasal thalamic neurones responsive to noxious and non noxious cutaneous stimuli after chloralose treatment: new evidence for the presence of pre-existing "silent connections" in the adult nervous system? AB - Twenty-five neurones of the thalamic VB complex of the rat, first characterized under moderate volatile anaesthesia (1/3 oxygen - 2/3 nitrous oxide, 0.5% halothane) were subsequently studied under deep chloralose anaesthesia. As described in a previous study, neurones were classified during the control period as "noxious" (N) "non-noxious" (Nn), or "convergent" (NnN) according to their responsiveness to cutaneous mechanical stimulations. For all the N (n = 15) and NnN (n = 4) neurones, the responses induced by noxious stimuli (mechanical electrical or thermal) progressively disappeared after chloralose administration. Simultaneous with disappearance of the responses elicited by noxious stimuli, responses to non-noxious stimuli appeared for 12 N neurones: 5 responded to a brisk tap applied to any part of the body, and 7 to brushing of light touch from a new receptive field (RF), at a variable distance from the initial RF, but always contralateral to the recording site. The Nn neurones (n = 6) continued to be activated by light touch or brushing but there was a consistent concentric enlargement of their RF. The NnN neurones also presented an enlarged RF to the non-noxious stimuli. The depressive an "unmasking" effects of chloralose are discussed and compared to the various indications of pre-existing connections in the CNS. PMID- 7301405 TI - Immunity to Strongyloides ratti in rats. 1. Adoptive transfer with mesenteric lymph node cells. AB - Adoptive transfer of immunity against the enteral phase of Strongyloides ratti was monitored using four parameters; namely, number of worms recovered, position occupied in the host's small intestine, worm length and fecundity. When immune mesenteric lymph node cells (IMLNC) were transferred from donors infected for 20, 26 or 32 days into recipients infected for 3 days, a marked acceleration of worm expulsion was evident by day 16 post-infection (p.i.). IMLNC from day-16 p.i. donors did not transfer expulsion. In an experiment in which recipients were given 2 x 10(8) or 1 x 10(8) IMLNC from donors infected for 26 days, accelerated worm expulsion occurred only with the higher inoculum, although manifestations of direct worm immunity, i.e. altered position and reduced length and fecundity, were evident in both cases. Transfer of IMLNC appeared to have no effect upon worm establishment; when cells were transferred on the day of infection a period of 16 days was necessary to effect both direct anti-worm immunity and expulsion, although the former was evident on day 14 p.i. However, when IMLNC were transferred to rats already infected for 6 days, a very significant reduction of their worm burden was apparent 10 days after IMLNC transfer. PMID- 7301406 TI - Comparison of three immunological tests for seroepidemiological purposes in human echinococcosis. AB - The comparative sensitivity and specificity of three immunodiagnostic tests for hydatid disease--the latex agglutination (LA) test, the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test and the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) test- were studied. The results of the IHA test were evaluated using three positivity criteria. Antigen from the same source--hydatid cyst fluid pool of ovine origin- was utilized for the three tests. A total of 123 sera were studied; 30 preoperative sera from patients with other parasitic and infectious diseases, 30 sera from patients with non-parasitic diseases and 30 sera from normal blood donors. The results of the three tests were correlated to the immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) test based on the presence of arc 5. The same sensitivity (86.7%) and specificity (99%) was obtained in LA, CIEP and IHA tests when the minimum cross-reactivity titre criterion was employed for the latter. Non-specificity was relatively high (13%) in the IHA test when only serological reactivity was considered. The sensitivity of the IHA test decreased (83.3%) using the diagnostic titre criterion and non-specific reactions were eliminated. All three tests correlated well with the IEP test. PMID- 7301407 TI - Humoral mechanisms in the immune response of insects to larvae of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). AB - Previous work has shown that larvae of Hymenolepis diminuta are not encapsulated by the haemocytes of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, but are encapsulated by haemocytes of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The specificity of the cellular immune response in vivo, and of the agglutinating activity of the sera against vertebrate erythrocytes in vitro, is known to differ between the two species of insect. Accordingly, the sera of each of these species was tested for its agglutinating activity in vitro against a pure suspension of a known number of freshly-hatched oncospheres of H. diminuta; it was found that serum of P. americana strongly agglutinated oncospheres while the serum of S. gregaria had no effect. The agglutinating activity of cockroach serum was only partially removed by preadsorption with either human, rat or rabbit erythrocytes, all of which are strongly agglutinated by the serum. Although the function in vivo of this agglutinating activity directed against oncospheres is not known, it is suggested that this observation--that both the haemocytes and serum of one insect species respond to the parasite whereas the serum and haemocytes of another species apparently do not--may be of some relevance to the immune recognition mechanisms of insects. PMID- 7301408 TI - Propulsive activity of the rat small intestine during infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - Intestinal propulsive motility was measured in rats infected with 4000 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae by following the transit of radioactive chromium (51Cr) through the gut. On days 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 post-infection, 51Cr was injected through an indwelling catheter into the duodenum. The animals were killed 15 min later and the distribution of radioactivity in the small intestine measured. A group of uninfected, catheterized animals served as controls. Intestinal propulsive activity was increased significantly on day 8 post infection. No significant difference in the overall intestinal transit occurred on days 6, 10, 12 and 14 post-infection, although it appeared that it may have been decreased in the upper small intestine on day 6. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 7301409 TI - Transfer of immunity to Nematospiroides dubius: co-operation between lymphoid cells and antibodies in mediating worm expulsion. AB - The effect of transferring immune serum (IS) and immune mesenteric lymph node cells (IMLNC) either alone or in combination was studied in NIH mice infected with partially radiation attenuated (5 krad) N. dubius. It was demonstrated that immunity to N. dubius could be transferred with IS and with IMLNC. However, considerably greater protection was transferred to recipient mice when they received both IS + IMLNC. Animals treated in this way had fewer worms than either of the other groups from as early as day 9 onwards, suggesting that a substantial proportion of the worms in mice given IS + IMLNC was retained in the intestinal tissues. The few surviving worms which completed the tissue phase of their development were then rejected by the fourth week of infection. Dose response data showed that as few as 1 x 10(7) IMLNC could cause a significant reduction in worm numbers when given in combination with IS. These experiments indicate that both antibodies (IS) and sensitized lymphoid cells (IMLNC) are required for effective resistance to N. dubius. PMID- 7301410 TI - Partial purification and characterization of protection-inducing antigens from the muscle larva of Trichinella spiralis by molecular sizing chromatography and preparative flatbed isoelectric focusing. AB - The soluble portion of a large particle fraction which was derived from the muscle larva of T. spiralis was subjected to molecular sizing column chromatography using Sephacryl S-200. Five major peaks of 280 nm absorbing material were obtained. Analysis by immunoelectrophoresis revealed that each peak contained antigens, with the majority of them occurring in peaks 3, 4 and 5. Preliminary studies indicated that peak 4(mol. wt range 20 000--10 000) contained protection-inducing antigens. Crossed-immunoelectrophoretic and single-dimension electrophoretic analysis of peak 4 revealed a minimum of 10 antigens, while analytical isoelectric focusing demonstrated the presence of proteins with widely different pl, ranging from 4.0 to 9.0. Peak 4 was fractionated by preparative flatbed isoelectric focusing (PIEF) using two gradients: one from 3.5 to 9.5 and the other from 3.5 to 5.5. Fused rocket immunoelectrophoretic (FRIEP) analysis of both runs indicated that several antigens were separated from the others: one at pl 4.0 and the other at pl 9.0. The remaining antigens focused between pl 4.3 and 4.9. One hundred micrograms of whole peak 4, pl 9.0 antigen and the group of antigens at pl 4.3--4.9 were each separately injected, along with Freund's complete adjuvant, into mice. In addition, a portion of the pl 4.0 antigen was also assayed for protection. All antigenic preparations induced significant levels of protection. The pl 4.0 was further analysed on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two sharp peaks of antigen, as detected by FRIEP, were eluted isocratically with 65% acetonitrile from a C-18 (aliphatic) column. Both peaks of antigen showed complete cross-reactivity on FRIEP and absorbed at 220 nm. Amino acid analysis of each HPLC peak revealed no detectable differences in composition. Each peak contained predominance of aspartic (13 mol%) and glutamic (18 mol%) acid. This antigen did not contain significant quantities of aromatic amino acids, and absorbed strongly at 206 nm. Neither the pl 4.0 or pl 9.0 antigen stained positively with the PAS reaction. PMID- 7301411 TI - IgA nephropathy. PMID- 7301412 TI - S.I.D.S.--a pathologist's diagnosis. PMID- 7301413 TI - Sudden death from occlusive disease of the atrioventricular node artery. AB - Non-atherosclerotic focal occlusive disease of the atrioventricular node artery was the only significant pathological lesion found at autopsy in 2 individuals aged 40 and 17 yr who died suddenly and unexpectedly. The cases were observed amongst 115 autopsies categorized as sudden cardiac death and performed during an 18 mth period. Occlusive disease of the atrioventricular node artery is a poorly documented entity of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis. We believe it is a more frequent pathological finding in sudden cardiac death than has been previously recognized and that it deserves more attention than it currently receives. PMID- 7301414 TI - The effects of altered cation balance on the fine structure of hypoxic myocardial cells. AB - To determine whether the changes in intracellular/extracellular cation balance which develop in ischaemic myocardium are responsible for the fine structural changes seen in such tissue, thin slices of normal canine ventricle were incubated under hypoxic conditions at 37 degrees C and physiological pH in balanced salt solution (BSS), isotonic NaCl and isotonic KCl. Slices from each solution were fixed at 10-120 min intervals and examined by light and electron microscopy. For 60 min, tissue from both NaCl and KCl showed good overall preservation of cell architecture and only mild subcellular alterations including aggregation of nuclear chromatin, disappearance of glycogen granules, and swelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Tissue from BSS showed early development of intramitochondrial dense inclusions together with focal contraction-band damage similar to that seen in temporarily ischaemic, re-perfused heart muscle and at the margins of infarcts. These changes thus appear to be promoted by divalent cations. The progressive reversal of monovalent cation balance in an area of permanent and severe ischaemia does not appear to be a major determinant of fine structural change. PMID- 7301415 TI - Basal processes on duodenal epithelial cells of man, mouse and rat. AB - Localized ischaemia of duodenal mucosa induced either by ligation or cautery of a small branch of the coeliac artery resulted in the loss of epithelial cells of duodenal villi in young mature inbred mice. Biopsies from normal human duodenum and mouse duodenum placed in non-oxygenated physiological saline for 20 min showed a similar loss of epithelial cells. In all cases, scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination revealed that processes extended from the base of epithelial cells through the underlying basement membrane. When duodenal tissues were bathed in solutions of EDTA or sodium azide, basal processes were not seen by SEM. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of duodenal tissues from man, rat, and mouse revealed basal processes. Because all duodenal epithelial cells appear to have basal processes, it is proposed that they may play an important role in moving absorbed substances across the villous basement membrane barrier along an intracellular concentration gradient, and in thus facilitating absorption. There are no indications which would suggest that basal processes are the result of a pathological process, and the presence of similar basal processes in other tissues is noted. PMID- 7301416 TI - Ultrastructural alterations in the liver of rats fed photomirex (8 monohydromirex). AB - Alterations in the liver of rats fed photomirex or mirex for 28 d have been studied by electron microscopy. A dose of 0.05 or 0.5 ppm photomirex produced selective ultrastructural damage to the mitochondria of hepatocytes. The parenchymal cells had a proliferation of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) with a concomitant depletion of glycogen, a reduction of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) profiles, an abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets, and pleomorphic nuclei at the 5 ppm photomirex level. In the animals receiving 50 ppm photomirex there were degenerating foci in the organ. There was an increase of electron-dense bodies in the hepatocytes from the 5 ppm mirex group but these cells, in the animals receiving 50 ppm mirex, had SER proliferation and glycogen depletion. It is concluded that photomirex causes more severe ultrastructural changes in the livers of rats than mirex. PMID- 7301417 TI - Passovoy factor deficiency in five Western Australian kindreds. AB - Passovoy factor deficiency, a coagulation abnormality affecting the intrinsic coagulation system, was discovered in 5 Western Australian kindreds. The defect is inherited as an autosomal dominant and is associated with a clinical bleeding tendency characterized by easy bruising and undue blood loss following trauma such as dental extraction and tonsillectomy. Fresh frozen plasma appears to provide effective prophylaxis during surgery. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) shows a prolongation which, in most patients, is of relatively slight degree, and this may be the reason for the paucity of reports in the literature. The discovery of 5 kindreds carrying the defect suggests that it may be relatively common in the Australian community and that care should be taken to identify and follow up minor grades of abnormality of the APTT where individuals suspected of having an inherited bleeding tendency are screened. A sample from one case was distributed, with a clinical history, to participants in the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia 1980 Quality Assurance Programme in Haematology. Approximately one-third of 175 participants failed to detect the definite abnormality present. PMID- 7301418 TI - The Australasian Reference Thromboplastin: I. A study in bleeding patients. AB - The prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and skin bleeding time, with assays of factors II, VII, IX, and X, platelet count, and liver function tests were performed on a group of patients receiving long term warfarin therapy. There were 17 bleeding patients and 13 non-bleeding patients. A study was made, using the Australasian Reference Thromboplastin and 2 other thromboplastic reagents in common use. The Australasian Reference Thromboplastin was shown to be more sensitive to the coumarin induced coagulation defect than rabbit brain thromboplastin, and hence of more value in preventing haemorrhagic complications. The level of factor II assayed by the one stage method was a useful independent indicator of the intensity of oral anticoagulation, and correlated well with the development of bleeding. PMID- 7301419 TI - The Australasian Reference Thromboplastin: II. Are corrected prothrombin ratios valid? AB - A comparative study was made of 2 thromboplastins, the Australasian Reference Thromboplastin, and Simplastin, in a large group of patients on long-term Warfarin therapy. 373 individual samples were obtained. Calibration constants were obtained for those patients with prothrombin ratios within the therapeutic range, and for those well outside the therapeutic range, and found to be different. Study of the relationship between the 2 thromboplastins indicates that comparability is linear only within a specified limited range of prothrombin ratios. At the two extreme ends the relationship is curved, suggesting a logarithmic relationship. Attention is drawn to the need of caution in interpretation of corrected ratios calculated on a linear relationship especially when the ratio is above 4.0 as this may have clinical implications. PMID- 7301420 TI - Analytical goals for quantitative urine analysis. PMID- 7301421 TI - Pseudo-lymphocyte monocytes--the memory cells responsible for the development of epitheloid cell granulomata. A new hypothesis. AB - This hypothesis proposes that, in individuals with an appropriate genetic background, monocyte memory cells are formed when histiocytes and macrophages undergo mitosis following first exposure to a granulomagenic agent and circulate as pseudolymphocytes in the lymphocyte null cell population. It is proposed that epithelioid cell granulomata develop from a clone of cells formed from monocyte memory cells on the second or subsequent exposure to the same granulomagenic agent. Epithelioid cell granuloma formation is therefore not dependent on T-cell function, although the cellular nature of the granuloma appears to depend upon the nature of a concomitant but independent classical immune response. The implications of pseudolymphocyte memory cells on the development of granulomata of both exogenous and endogenous origin, and the relationships between lymphocytes and cells of the monocytic phagocyte series are discussed. PMID- 7301422 TI - The association of bacteriuria and reduced serum pyridoxal concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Of 1017 patients admitted to the Royal Perth Hospital Diabetic Survey 142 were found to have significant bacteriuria. In these bacteriuric patients serum pyridoxal concentrations were significantly reduced (P = less than 0.001) when compared with 142 diabetic patients matched for age (+/- 5 years) and sex but without infection of the urinary tract. Measurements were repeated up to 6 mth after antibacterial treatment and serum pyridoxal concentrations were still low. Pyridoxal has a role in immunological competence, and it is possible that the increased incidence of urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes reflects impaired immunological competence due to pyridoxal deficiency. PMID- 7301423 TI - Isospora belli infection in Australia. PMID- 7301424 TI - Pulmonary bile emboli following percutaneous cholangiography and biliary drainage. PMID- 7301425 TI - [Myocardial metabolism of patients with congenital heart defects from an anesthesiologic standpoint]. PMID- 7301426 TI - [Modeling premature ventricular excitation (WPW syndrome) in a chronic experiment]. PMID- 7301427 TI - [Cardiac adrenoreactivity of a chemically desympathized animal]. PMID- 7301428 TI - [Age and the effect of hypertension (renal form) on the state of the vessel wall and lipid metabolism of young and old animals]. PMID- 7301429 TI - [Changes in "Hageman factor system" indices during human adaptation to intensive physical loading]. PMID- 7301430 TI - [Effect of immobilization on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits]. PMID- 7301431 TI - [Response of the blood system of adrenalectomized mice to exposure to stress]. PMID- 7301432 TI - [Structural and functional disorders in the renal syndrome complicating extensive burns in the rabbit]. PMID- 7301433 TI - [Microcirculation and acid-base balance in rats during the early period of traumatic shock in the presence of an excess or deficiency of biogenic amines]. PMID- 7301434 TI - [State of membrane digestion in sexually immature rats during experimental stress]. PMID- 7301435 TI - [Mast cells in experimental aseptic peritonitis induced by intraperitoneal injection of starch]. PMID- 7301436 TI - [Effect of hepatic glycoproteins on inhibition of immume erythrodieresis]. PMID- 7301437 TI - [Effect of narcotic analgesics on sensitivity to hypoxia in animals]. PMID- 7301438 TI - [Experimental modeling of a measured amount of closed trauma to the heart]. PMID- 7301439 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the phase structure of left ventricular systole by means of polycardiography]. PMID- 7301440 TI - [Modeling myocardial infarct by applying dimethyl sulfoxide to the anterior surface of the heart]. PMID- 7301441 TI - [Use of laser microbeam unit LMU-1 (LOMO) for microcirculation studies]. PMID- 7301442 TI - [Creation of a subcutaneous artificial cavity with a pocket for collecting macrophages]. PMID- 7301443 TI - [Glutathione peroxidase in the membrane antioxidant defense system]. PMID- 7301444 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 7301445 TI - The radiological features of a new bone dysplasia. PMID- 7301446 TI - Cleidocranial dysostosis in infancy. PMID- 7301447 TI - The pharyngo-laryngeal deficit in the acute form of infantile spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease). AB - The major complication in the acute form of infantile spinal muscular atrophy is the aspiration phenomenon, due to the pharyngo-laryngeal deficit. The radiographic findings of this deficit are characterized by epipharyngeal regurgitation, hypopharyngeal distention, good function of the cricopharyngeal sphincter and absence of epiglottic closure during the act of deglutition. The differential diagnosis of other neuromuscular entities is discussed in view of two documented radiographic cases. PMID- 7301448 TI - Gastro-oesophageal scintiscanning in children. AB - 99mTc colloid scintigraphy is a sensitive technique for the detection of gastro oesophageal reflux, compared to X-ray studies. A quantification index of reflux is used and can be of value when there is concern about the significance of a positive result. Continuous monitoring during one hour increases by 25% the detection of reflux in comparison with a 30 min test. In our series, no case of lung aspiration was recognized using this technique. The scintiscanning index cannot predict the existence of an associated oesophagitis. PMID- 7301450 TI - Gray-scale echography of traumatic pancreatic cysts in children. AB - We report two cases of pancreatic pseudocysts in children developing after blunt trauma to the abdomen. Gray-scale echography provides a safe and exact method in establishing the diagnosis and in the follow-up of the disease. In one case the pancreatic pseudocyst resolved spontaneously justifying our opinion that not all pseudocysts require surgical intervention provided the appropriate clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic controls are available. PMID- 7301449 TI - The changing aspects of cholelithiasis in children through a sonographic study. AB - Ultrasonography has made the study of the biliary tract easier. This may account for an apparent increase in the incidence of cholelithiasis in children. Twenty nine cases of biliary stones, mostly gallstones, were seen in a 3 year period. More than half of the cases were secondary to a definite cause, among which the interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts should be emphasized. The etiological factors of biliary stones and biliary sludge appeared identical in our material. PMID- 7301451 TI - Cyst-like defects following fractures in children. AB - Cyst-like cortical defects appearing a few weeks after a greenstick fracture in the undamaged part of the radius were observed in 9 children. Five children showed multiple lesions. These radiolucent cyst-like defects 2.4 to 48 mm proximal to the fracture line seemed to be situated within the zone of periosteal reaction. The diameter of the cyst-like defects varied from 3 to 7 mm, usually they were rounded or slightly oval. Fracture healing was unaffected. In three of the patients the lesions had disappeared on to three years later. We are convinced that these benign lesions are resorption cysts within the excessive periosteal reaction and related to the subperiosteal hematoma accompanying the greenstick fractures. PMID- 7301452 TI - Familial osteopathia striata with cranial condensation. PMID- 7301453 TI - Familial Budd Chiari disease: angiographic study in two sisters. PMID- 7301454 TI - Hirschsprung's disease coexisting with colonic atresia. PMID- 7301455 TI - The pediatrician and research. PMID- 7301456 TI - Substrate concentration changes during pregnancy in the guinea pig studied under unstressed steady state conditions. AB - Weight gain and food intake were measured in unstressed nonpregnant and pregnant guinea pigs fed ad libitum. Nonpregnant females consumed 33.2 +/- 0.5 g.day-1 of pellet diet and did not demonstrate a consistent pattern of weight gain. The average daily food intake of pregnant animals increased linearly from 38 g.day-1 at 27 days to over 60 g.day-1 near term, and the average maternal weight gain was 13.3 g.day-1. Using sterile technique, polyvinyl catheters were inserted under anesthesia into the carotid and femoral arteries of these animals. Animals recovered spontaneously, and catheters remained patent for up to 4 wk. The effect of surgical and anesthetic stress was evaluated by measurement of food intake and metabolite levels after surgery. In the nonpregnant animals, blood glucose decreased immediately after surgery (4.76 +/0- 0.36 versus 5.65 +/- 0.25; P less than 0.05), whereas the pregnant animals responded with a substantial increase in blood glucose (7.57 +/- 0.48 versus 5.87 +/- 0.33; P less than 0.05). Lactate was increased intraoperatively in both groups (1.76 +/- 0.22 versus 1.11 +/- 0.07, nonpregnant; 1.80 +/- 0.17 versus 1.10 +/- 0.08, pregnant). The pregnant animals differed from the nonpregnant animals with regard to the pattern of changes in blood ketones after surgery. The nonpregnant animals achieved steady state within 1 day after surgery, whereas the pregnant animals required 4 days for recovery. Food intake and maternal weight gain were markedly reduced during the recovery period for the pregnant animals. Blood metabolite levels were measured in well fed, unstressed pregnant and nonpregnant guinea pigs. Using measurements made after the third postoperative day, the unstressed pregnant animals demonstrated a progressive decline in blood glucose levels, reaching levels significantly below those of nonpregnant animals at 55 to 60 and 60+ days. Arterial concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and free fatty acids did not change consistently with gestation and were not significantly different from nonpregnant values. PMID- 7301457 TI - Plasma immunoreactive pancreatic cationic trypsinogen in cystic fibrosis: a sensitive indicator of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. AB - Plasma immunoreactive cationic trypsin(ogen) levels were determined in 32 control subjects and 43 patients with varying degrees of pancreatic insufficiency including 35 with cystic fibrosis (CF) and eight with Shwachman's syndrome. In six CF infants less than 2 years of age, plasma trypsin(ogen) levels were significantly elevated (97.3 +/- 62.2 ng/ml) above the normal range for nine controls (7.0 +/- 5.9 ng/ml; P less than 0.025). Four of these infants had steatorrhea, three of whom had undetectable duodenal trypsin activity after stimulation with secretin-cholecystokinin. In two CF infants, molecular size fractionation by gel filtration of plasma followed by radioimmunoassay of the column fractions demonstrated that trypsinogen was the only immunoreactive species in the circulation. In contrast, in older CF patients with steatorrhea (mean age, 15.3 +/- 4.6 years), plasma cationic trypsin(ogen) levels were undetectable or low (1.1 +/- 1.7 ng/ml). This finding clearly distinguished them from older CF patients without steatorrhea (mean age, 14.3 +/- 3.9 years) in whom cationic trypsin(ogen) levels were significantly higher (23.3 +/- 17.6 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). The mean trypsin(ogen) concentration in the older CF patients without steatorrhea did not differ from the mean value for 23 normal subjects of similar age. Plasma cationic trypsin(ogen) levels in two Schwachman's patients with steatorrhea (0.19 and 0.86 ng/ml) were significantly lower than the values found in six Shwachman's patients without steatorrhea (5.9 +/- 2.3 ng/ml; P less than 0.025). Furthermore, in nine older CF patients and eight Schwachman's patients, circulating trypsin(ogen) levels were highly correlated with duodenal trypsin output after secretin-cholecystokinin stimulation (r = 0.946, P less than 0.01; r = 0.899, P less than 0.01, respectively). These results suggest that in CF infants high levels of circulating trypsin(ogen) persist even in those with Shwachman's syndrome, however, circulating trypsin(ogen) accurately reflects residual pancreatic function. PMID- 7301458 TI - Accumulation of circulating macrophages in lungs of guinea pigs exposed to hyperoxia. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) key enzymes in alveolar macrophages regulating levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were observed to fluctuate in response to FIO2 of 50 and 85% for 18 to 90 hr. At the lower oxygen tension, SOD rose two-fold and GPx decreased significantly by 18 hr and throughout the exposure periods compared to a delayed increase in SOD activity which was not sustained beyond 66 hr of exposure and a sustained rise in GPx to an FIO2 of 85%. Peritoneal macrophages containing lower SOD activity and greater GPx activity than resident alveolar macrophages upon injection into the circulation resulted in 10-fold accumulation in the lungs during exposure of animals to FIO2 of 85% but not at 50%. This study indicates that brief exposure to FIO2 of 85% but not 50% resulted in alterations of the vascular integrity of the lungs resulting in the accumulation of circulating macrophages to the alveolar macrophage pool. The delayed rise in SOD activity and the sustained increase in GPx activity in alveolar macrophages from animals exposed to FIO2 of 85% could in part be related to this influx of circulating macrophages with enzymatic characteristics observed for peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7301459 TI - Compensatory renal growth in the mouse. I. Allometric approach to the effect of age. AB - Allometry, defined as the relationship between the growth rates of organs to the weight of the whole body (38), was used to study the effect of age on the degree of compensatory renal growth (CRG) in the mouse. The normal growth of the kidneys relative to body weight (BW) was determined in animals between 5 to 50 days of age. In one group, nephrectomy and sham operations were performed at 5, 15, and 35 days of age. The remaining ("renoprival") kidney was removed 15 days postnephrectomy. In a second group, nephrectomy was performed on 5-day-old animals, the renoprival kidney being removed after 30 or 45 days. Regression equations were calculated by least-squares after logarithmic transformation and different groups were compared by analysis of covariance. The regression equation for the control kidney was kidney weight (KW) = 0.0093 BW0.86 (r = 0.96). The regression for renoprival kidneys in females was KW = 0.0142 BW0.83 (R = 0.96) after 15 days and, in comparison, was not significantly different from 30 to 45 days. The interval between control and renoprival regressions was equivalent to a difference of congruent to 43% KW. In male mice, the regression for renoprival kidneys after 15 days was KW = 0.0103 BM0.96 (r = 0.98) and was not significantly different from 30 to 45 days. This study suggests that in young mice the time required for complete CRG may be a maximum of 15 days and that the amount of CRG does not depend on the age at operation. After CRG, a new equilibrium is reached which is thereafter maintained up to a minimum of 50 days of age. PMID- 7301460 TI - Weight reduction in young obese children. I. Effects on adipose tissue cellularity and metabolism. AB - A 10-year longitudinal study was conducted on 16 prepubescent youngsters who had undergone successful weight reduction. Their ages ranged from 2 to 10 years when the study began. In all subjects, weight reduction proceeded only by a decrease in adipose cell size (from 0.62 +/- 0.02 to 0.46 +/- 0.02 micrograms lipid per cell) and resulted in a corresponding 33% decrease (from 177 +/- 6 to 144 +/- 5%) in percent ideal body weights. Cell numbers did not change appreciably during the period of weight loss (29.4 +/- 2.6 versus 28.7 +/- 2.3 x 10(9) total adipocytes). Three years after the start of the study, 14 of 20 youngsters had maintained their reduced percent ideal body weights, including eight who remained below 130% ideal body weight. Ten years later, only four remained below 130% ideal body weight. All four children had total adipose cell numbers below 20 x 10(9) total adipocytes at the start of the weight reduction program, a value below the lower limit for adult normal weight subjects. Thirteen other children have maintained or decreased their initial percent ideal weights. The remaining nine youngsters have further increased their percent ideal body weights. In vitro metabolic studies of the patient's adipocytes revealed a greater than 50% depression of epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis pre- and immediately postweight reduction; this decrease persisted for the entire period of study, irrespective of the maintenance of a normal percent ideal body weight. At the same time, normal 150% increases in the in vitro production of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose in the presence of insulin occurred. PMID- 7301461 TI - Linear regression to approximate longitudinal growth curves: revised standards for velocity of weight and length in infants. AB - Because of lack of acceptability of the previous log-linear model of slope velocity for the assessment of weight and length in children 1 to 36 months of age, a modified method for least squares determination of velocity of growth by slope has been designed. This model uses a compound logarithmic expression of time and a newly designed graphic scale. The acceptability of the graphic (hand drawn) line is retained while "goodness of fit" of the model is improved. This improved model makes it possible to revise our standards for velocity of growth of children 1 to 36 months of age. PMID- 7301462 TI - Indomethacin metabolism in isolated neonatal and fetal rabbit hepatocytes. AB - Metabolism of indomethacin was examined in freshly isolated hepatocytes prepared by liver collagenase perfusion of fetal (28) and neonatal rabbits of 3, 5, 10, 12, and 25 days of age. Initial cell viability was more than 90% and linear rates of metabolism were observed for up to 2 hr of incubation. Deacylation of indomethacin to desbenzoyl indomethacin showed a rapid increase early in postnatal development while microsomal O-demethylation to desmethyl indomethacin was increased significantly only in the hepatocytes from 25-day-old rabbits. Glucuronide conjugates of indomethacin and indomethacin metabolites accounted for less than 8% of the total metabolites in hepatocytes from 25-day-old rabbits. The maturational development of indomethacin in metabolism may account for previously reported gestational dependent half-life of the drug in the premature infant (9). However, the factors that regulate development of indomethacin metabolism appear to be under more that one control system. PMID- 7301463 TI - Distribution of glycocholate in blood from human fetuses and adults. AB - Glycocholate binding by plasma proteins and erythrocytes from fetal and adult blood has been studied, and the results have been used to derive a compartmental model of the distribution of glycocholate in blood. This model assumes that glycocholate is distributed between the aqueous phase, albumin binding sites, binding sites on other plasma proteins, and erythrocytes. Whereas glycocholate binding by albumin was saturable [fetal blood: dissociation constant (0.5 mM), concentration of binding sites (11.3 mumoles/g protein); adult blood: dissociation constant (0.42 mM), concentration of binding sites (20.1 mumoles/g protein)], binding by other plasma proteins was not. The association of glycocholate with erythrocytes appeared to be based on partitioning rather than binding of the bile salt to specific sites. The value of the partition coefficient was 6.0. The compartmental model indicates that, in fetal blood, 46% of the glycocholate is in free solution, and 37% is bound to albumin. In blood from adults, the corresponding values are 31% in free solution and 59% bound to albumin. PMID- 7301464 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase red blood cell phenotype in GdMediterranean heterozygous females and hemizygous males at birth. AB - The distribution of red blood cell G6PD phenotype was studied by means of the methemoglobin elution test in newborn (46) and adult (50) GdMediterranean heterozygous females and newborn (20) and adult (30) hemizygous males. Newborn heterozygotes had a statistically significant (P less than 0.0005) lower mean red blood cell G6PD enzymatic activity (3.23 +/- 1.04) than did normal newborns (8.78 +/- 1.91), whereas there was no significant difference (P greater than 0.30) from the mean of adult heterozygotes (2.93 +/- 0.86). Like adults, newborn heterozygous females showed: (1) a clear correlation (P less than 0.001) between the percentage of enzyme-deficient red blood cells and G6PD enzymatic activity; and (2) the expected two red blood cell population, i.e., one deficient and the other normal (mosaicism). However, in newborns, the distribution of the subjects according to G6PD-deficient red blood cell percentage (mean percent, 43.67) was significantly shifted (P less than 0.025) in favour of the normal phenotype, unlike adult heterozygotes, who showed a symmetrical distribution of G6PD positive and negative red blood cells (mean percent G6PD-deficient red blood cells, 53.27; P greater than 0.20). Newborn hemizygous males showed a consistent percentage (average, 8.28 +/- 2.2) of stained red blood cells due to the presence of young erythrocytes (pseudomosaicism) unlike the occasional stained cells (less than or equal to 5) seen in adults. The prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia in hemizygous males and heterozygous females was 10.22 and 2.2%, respectively, whereas in G6PD normal newborns it was 5.1%. The practical implication of this study is that the diagnosis at birth of the heterozygous state for G6PD deficiency of the Mediterranean type may be more difficult than in adults. Therefore, very sensitive methods, such as the methemoglobin elution test, should be carried out. PMID- 7301465 TI - Renal pathogenesis of familial hyperuricemia: studies in two kindreds. AB - The pathogenesis of familial hyperuricemia has been investigated in two kindreds in whom hyperuricemia was present in members of successive generations. Enzymatic and metabolic studies, including the incorporation of isotopically labeled glycine into urinary uric acid and assessment of the total excretion of oxypurines in one family, excluded a metabolic etiology. No secondary cause of hyperuricemia was identified in either family. Fractional excretion of uric acid was less than 6.2% in all hyperuricemic individuals studied, while creatinine clearances were normal. Tubular secretion of uric acid and tubular reabsorption of uric acid were studied in an affected teenager from each family while receiving a purine-free diet. Inhibition of secretion of uric acid with pyrazinamide decreased fractional excretion of uric acid to 0.6% in patient S and to 0.7% in patient B. Tubular secretion of uric acid at maximal response to pyrazinamide in these patients was 0.393 and 0.410 mg/dl glomerular filtration rate(nl response 0.300 to 1.30 mg/min/100ml inulin clearance). Probenecid, an inhibitor of uric acid reabsorption, increased uric acid excretion by 3.9 mg/min and by 3.2 mg/min (nl response 1.7 +/- 0.3 mg/min) in patients S and B. Tubular reabsorption of uric acid distal to secretory sites was determined by assessing the uricosuric response to probenecid plus pyrazinamide. Uric acid excretion increased by only 0.08 mg/min in patient A and by 0.17 mg/min in patient B (nl response 0.9 mg/min). Ascorbic acid increased fractional excretion of uric acid by 7.2% in patient S but was not uricosuric in patient B or any hyperuricemic member of his family. These data suggest that hyperuricemia in these families is due to diminished renal clearance of uric acid and that the reduced clearance is due to increased tubular reabsorption of uric acid distal to secretory sites. PMID- 7301466 TI - Nitrogen metabolism in preterm infants fed human donor breast milk: the possible essentiality of glycine. AB - Nitrogen metabolism was studied in three preterm infants (mean gestation 32 wk) by the method of consecutive metabolic balance. The absorption and retention of nitrogen from breast milk was measured, and protein turnover, synthesis, and breakdown were calculated from isotopic plateau of urinary urea and ammonia using an intermittent oral administration of 15N-glycine. Weight gain and nitrogen retention were compared with the weight gain and nitrogen accumulated for a foetus of equivalent gestational age in utero. The average composition of the milk was 289 +/- 19 KJ dl-1 and 1.44 +/- 24 g protein dl-1. The intake of energy was 572 +/- 61 KJ kg-1 day -1 and of nitrogen 447 +/- 99 mg kg-1 day-1. Stool output of nitrogen was 100 +/- 32 mg kg-1 day-1 giving an absorption of 348 +/- 78 mg kg-1 day-1, as urinary excretion was 91 +/- 17 mg kg-1 day-1 retained nitrogen was 256 +/- 71 mg kg-1 day-1, or 56% of intake. The specific weight gain was 15.6 +/- 2.6 g kg-1 day-1 and 53% of this comprised lean tissue (range 34 to 89%). In all but one study the postnatal retention of nitrogen fell far short of calculated in utero accumulation. The results of protein turnover were surprising. In six of the eight studies urinary urea failed to become enriched at all. Protein turnover calculated from the ammonia plateau was 1.94 +/- 0.54 g nitrogen kg-1 day-1, synthesis 10.9 +/- 3.4 g protein kg-1 day-1 and breakdown 9.3 +/- 3.4 g protein kg-1 day-1. It is concluded that the amino acid composition of breast milk may be inappropriate for supporting rates of lean tissue deposition equivalent to in utero accumulation. PMID- 7301467 TI - Abnormal hypercarbic and hypoxic sleep arousal responses in Near-Miss SIDS infants. AB - Arousal responses (AR) to hypercarbia and to hypoxia were ascertained in 25 N-M SIDS infants and 21 control infants in whom ventilatory responses to hypercarbia and hypoxia were also measured. Although the frequency of a positive AR to hypercarbia was not significantly less in the N-M SIDS compared to control group, the overall pattern was a generally absent AR in the lowest hypercarbic ventilatory response slope group progressing to a generally positive AR in the highest hypercarbic response slope group. Among the 25 infants having a positive hypercarbic AR, the Mean (+/- SEM) PACO2 at which arousal occurred was 48.5 +/- 1.6 in N-M SIDS versus 42 +/- 1.2 mmHg in control infants (p less than .001). The overall pattern for hypoxic AR was also a generally absent AR in the lowest hypoxic ventilatory response slope group progressing to a generally positive AR in the highest response slope group. Although the PAO2 level at which an AR occurred did not differ in the two groups, a positive hypoxic AR occurred in 76% of the control versus only 29% of the N-M SIDS group (p less than .01). In summary, infants with a clinical N-M SIDS history and diminished ventilatory response slopes have as a group a concomitant abnormality in hypercarbic and/or hypoxic arousal. PMID- 7301468 TI - [Hypertension in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7301469 TI - [Effect of dihydrotachysterol in the treatment and prevention of uremic osteopathy in children]. PMID- 7301470 TI - [Total activity of glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase and its isoenzymes in the serum and urine of children with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 7301471 TI - [Effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis in acute renal failure in children]. PMID- 7301472 TI - [Kidney failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation in children]. PMID- 7301473 TI - [Urinary concentration of primary prostaglandins in healthy infants and young children]. PMID- 7301474 TI - [Subcutaneous administration of heparin in children. I. Heparin in small "pediatric" doses]. PMID- 7301475 TI - [Urinary excretion of glycoproteins depending on the localization of infection in the urinary tract of children]. PMID- 7301476 TI - [Value of the ring-shaped uretero-cutaneous fistula in supracystic urinary diversion in children]. PMID- 7301477 TI - [Phosphate metabolism in children with kidney calculi]. PMID- 7301478 TI - [Hypoplastic kidney in children]. PMID- 7301479 TI - [Painless course of kidney calculi in a 5-year-old child]. PMID- 7301480 TI - [Present-day trends in the control of neoplasms in children]. PMID- 7301481 TI - [Neuropathological changes in the peripheral segments of the autonomic nervous system of the digestive tract of children with neuroblastoma]. PMID- 7301482 TI - [Usefulness of determination of concentrations of catecholamines and their metabolites in the urine of children with neuroblastoma for diagnostic purposes, control of the course and evaluation of the results of therapy]. PMID- 7301483 TI - [Scintigraphic studies in central nervous system neoplasms in children]. PMID- 7301484 TI - [Case of congenital malignant neuroblastoma (Pepper's syndrome)]. PMID- 7301485 TI - [Tumor of the right atrium differentiating into malignant hemangioendothelioma in a 14-year-old boy]. PMID- 7301486 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma in children]. PMID- 7301487 TI - [Disseminated adenocarcinoma of the liver and pancreas in a 3-month-old infant]. PMID- 7301488 TI - [Papilloma of the choroid plexus in an infant]. PMID- 7301489 TI - [Perception of disease and treatment among older children with hematologic neoplasms]. PMID- 7301490 TI - [Clinical aspects of nutrition disorders and various indicators of lipid metabolism in young children with low body mass and height and excess weight]. PMID- 7301491 TI - [Various prognostic criteria of the outcome of the adaptation period in children admitted to organized collectives]. PMID- 7301492 TI - [Prostaglandins in arterial hypertension in children]. PMID- 7301493 TI - [Excretion of free aldosterone fraction in adolescents with hypertension]. PMID- 7301494 TI - [Phase structure of the left-ventricular systole during development of hypertension in adolescents]. PMID- 7301495 TI - [Use and nutritive value of almond milk]. PMID- 7301496 TI - [Comparative study of various immunobiological indicators in children with rheumatic heart disease and infectious-allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 7301497 TI - [Activity of the pentose cycle and glucosephosphate dehydrogenase in the erythrocytes of children with potential diabetes]. PMID- 7301498 TI - [Method of organization and conduction of clinical conferences with pediatric interns]. PMID- 7301500 TI - [Intensive treatment of young children with severe forms of acute pneumonia in a resuscitation department]. PMID- 7301499 TI - [Morphology of umbilical sepsis under present-day conditions]. PMID- 7301501 TI - [Organization of the outpatient examinations of children in rural areas]. PMID- 7301502 TI - [Clinico-radiographic diagnosis of acquired non-rheumatic myocarditis in children]. PMID- 7301503 TI - [Diagnostic value of duodenal intubation]. PMID- 7301504 TI - [Enterogenic "primary" peritonitis in infants]. PMID- 7301505 TI - [One-type familial congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7301506 TI - [Various complications of hormone therapy of children with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7301507 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the serum immunoglobulin level in infants with septicemia]. PMID- 7301508 TI - The masking of octave-band noise by broad-spectrum noise: a comparison of infant and adult thresholds. PMID- 7301509 TI - Simultaneous visual events show a long-range spatial interaction. PMID- 7301511 TI - Cues reduce direction uncertainty and enhance motion detection. PMID- 7301510 TI - Retinal location and visual processing rate. PMID- 7301512 TI - The intervals at which homogeneous flashes recover masked targets. PMID- 7301513 TI - Duplex perception of cues for stop consonants: evidence for a phonetic mode. PMID- 7301514 TI - Brightness exponent as a function of flash duration and retinal eccentricity. PMID- 7301515 TI - The role of suggested size in distance responses. PMID- 7301516 TI - Plucks and bows are not categorically perceived. PMID- 7301517 TI - An optimum value for detection probability. PMID- 7301518 TI - Visual laterality effects: a signal detection analysis. PMID- 7301519 TI - A theory of bidirectional judgments. PMID- 7301520 TI - Dichotic sequence discrimination: the effect of stimulus intensity and background noise level. PMID- 7301521 TI - Tilt aftereffect with small adapting angles. PMID- 7301522 TI - Rivalry target luminance does not affect suppression depth. PMID- 7301523 TI - The Knud Jansen lecture. The operative treatment of congenital limb malformation- part III. PMID- 7301524 TI - The team fights the scourge of poliomyelitis. AB - Poliomyelitis is still a medical problem in Nigeria, the aftermath of which leaves patients with muscular paralysis, contractures and abnormalities which require elaborate treatment. One thousand one hundred and twenty patients affected with poliomyelitis and treated at the polio-clinic of Physiotherapy Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan were studied. The multi disciplinary approach of a professional health team was used to integrate the polio victims back into the community so that they do not constitute an economic liability. A case of a poliomyelitis victim who resorted to crawling is illustrated, effective treatment being given by the team approach resulting in his ability to maintain himself in the community. The importance of prophylactic immunization to prevent the wide spread of the disease in the community is also stressed. PMID- 7301525 TI - Testing of manually-propelled wheelchairs. The need for international standards. AB - The Veteran's Administration Rehabilitation Engineering Centre (VAREC), and others in the United States have been involved in work associated with improving the wheelchair since early in the 60's. United States Veteran's Administration standards for the "push" wheelchair have been promulgated based on a number of tests, some simple and some requiring complex equipment. A draft of a standard for electrically powered wheelchairs has also been developed by VAREC. Nevertheless, such efforts as those which have taken place in the United States on both the "push" wheelchair and electrically powered systems have so far not been related to the work in other nations; certainly the definitive action toward the development of international standards recently started should employ mechanisms to include the work of all. PMID- 7301526 TI - Technical note--tilting stubbies. AB - Bilateral amputees who are fitted with standard full length prostheses find it difficult to walk fast or climb up and down stairs. Usually stubbies, or short prostheses with non-articulated rocker bottoms, are also provided, especially for geriatric amputees. An interchangeable system has been evolved which enables the same prosthesis to be used either as a full length prosthesis or as a stubby. An above-knee prosthesis is converted into a stubby by removing the shin and foot piece from the socket/knee unit and replacing it with an articulated hollow rocker. The tilting of the socket/knee unit which is made possible by the articulation at the junction of the rocker and socket enables the amputee to lower his body to use Indian type toilets with the help of a low level folding portable commode, in addition, tilting helps the amputee to work outdoors in gardens and fields. The interchangeable system is particularly suitable for bilateral amputees in developing countries. PMID- 7301527 TI - A preliminary clinical evaluation of the Mauch hydraulic foot-ankle system. AB - A preliminary clinical evaluation was conducted by the United States Veterans Administration on eight prototype Mauch hydraulic foot/ankle systems over a period of two years (June 1977-October 1979). One above-knee, three below-knee, and one bilateral above-knee/below-knee subjects were fitted. Both of the above knee amputees were Mauch S-N-S hydraulic knee users. The purpose of this study was: 1. To determine if this system provides the functions of the natural anatomical ankle around all three main axes; mediolateral, anteroposterior, and vertical. 2. To determine its applicability as to level of amputation, its benefits to bilateral amputees, and its compatibility with crustacean and pylon prostheses/standard knee designs. 3. To determine ease of installation, alignment, and adjustment procedures by a prosthetist and any new gait training techniques by a therapist. The results of the study revealed that this system does simulate the anatomical ankle in activities such as walking on uneven terrain, descending stairs step over step, running, ascending and descending inclines step over step, and a variety of sports activities including skiing. Fifty units have been produced and are being clinically tested in a nation-wide clinical application study conducted by the VA Rehabilitation Engineering Center (formerly V.A.P.C.). PMID- 7301528 TI - Functional effectiveness of a myo-electric prosthesis compared with a functional split-hook prosthesis: a single subject experiment. AB - The functional effectiveness of a myo-electric prosthesis with sensory feedback compared with that of a split-hook is described. Thirty independent observations were made on a single subject with a right below-elbow amputation wearing the myo electric prosthesis and the split-hook prosthesis. Using a first order autoregressive model for making inferences about the two sets of data, the split hook was found to be functionally better (p less than 0.001) than the myo electric prosthesis. Functional effectiveness was defined operationally as scores on the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Placing Test and the Smith Test of Hand Function. No predictions are made regarding the use of either prosthesis for other amputees. However clinical evidence suggested suitability of the myo electric prosthesis with sensory feedback for some other functional tasks. PMID- 7301529 TI - Comments on orthopaedic research in amputation surgery, prosthetics and orthotics by N. C. McCollough. PMID- 7301530 TI - [Evaluation of gelatin sponge and stainless steel coil in the arterial embolization for Grawitz tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301531 TI - [Clinical usefulness of computed tomography for the diagnosis of intrathoracic lymph node metastasis of primary lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301533 TI - [Estimation of stochastic risk from computed tomographic examinations in Japan, 1979. 3. Estimation of population doses and stochastic risks (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301532 TI - [Cinedensitometry of blood flow in lower extremity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301534 TI - [Medical irradiation in Japan - stochastic risk estimation and its reduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301535 TI - [The WATTI project. 1st Scandinavian trial with paper-free health centres]. PMID- 7301536 TI - [Increased interest in ADP in Finnish hospitals]. PMID- 7301537 TI - [Data resources in Norwegian health services should be decentralised]. PMID- 7301538 TI - [Extensive use of the computer technic in the Swedish health services]. PMID- 7301539 TI - [The computer as patient. Trials with computer-based simulation in medical education in Umea]. PMID- 7301540 TI - [Prevention of cancer of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7301541 TI - [Control of clinical drug trials in Finland, Norway and Sweden]. PMID- 7301542 TI - [The Arhus comments 3: How shall information be given to people who participate in biomedical research projects?]. PMID- 7301543 TI - [What do physicians do about the much criticized drug industry?]. PMID- 7301544 TI - [Roundtable discussion on biomedical research: quality and relevance should guarantee better organization]. PMID- 7301545 TI - [Penicillin hypersensitivity]. PMID- 7301547 TI - [Role relations between the staff in general practice. The receptionist as a shield for the physician]. PMID- 7301546 TI - [On the track of a new fertility control?]. PMID- 7301548 TI - [Acute care of alcoholics in Finland - point of intersection between social and health services]. PMID- 7301549 TI - [The Arhus comments 4. Ethical considerations in epidemiological research]. PMID- 7301550 TI - [Reading of scientific articles in clinical medicine]. PMID- 7301551 TI - [Irradiation of the thymus region in chronic lymphoid leukaemia. Seven cases (author's transl)]. AB - 7 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, B type, have been treated with thymic irradiation. A full remission was achieved in 2 and a partial one in 4. No serious complications were noted during or after the irradiation. This treatment has proved efficient even after the failure of a previous chemotherapy and has permitted to resume any other therapeutic modality when the C.L.L. is no more controlled. PMID- 7301552 TI - [Radio-transparent renal calculi and epithelial tumours. Contribution of ultrasound and CT scan to the diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The aetiological diagnosis of lacunae detected by urography is uncertain in 10 to 20% of cases. Uric acid calculi larger than 2 cm in diameter can be demonstrated by ultrasonography, where they show as echogenic areas with conical shadows. Computerized tomography has wider possibilities: uric acid calculi are extremely dense and clearly visible, clots are not enhanced by contrast media, and the enhancement of epithelial tumours is of the avascular type. PMID- 7301553 TI - [Is alcoholism hereditary? (author's transl)]. AB - Alcoholism is a multifactorial condition. In addition to psychological and environmental factors, a hereditary factor is strongly suggested by recent genetic studies in twins, half-brothers and adopted children. The mode of transmission, however, remains largely conjectural. A protective mechanism might by hypersensitivity to alcohol due to different alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism. PMID- 7301554 TI - [Shaping duodenoplasty as treatment of congenital stenoses in adults (author's transl)]. AB - Various surgical methods have been suggested for the treatment of duodenal stenosis consecutive to annular pancreas. Shaping duodenoplasty is a simple, effective and physiological method which has first been used in the newborn but can also be applied to adults and which has proved successful in both cases. PMID- 7301555 TI - [Prevention by domperidone of arterial hypotension induced by bromocriptine]. PMID- 7301556 TI - [Voluminous parathyroid adenoma in patients dialyzed for chronic renal failure. 3 cases]. PMID- 7301557 TI - [Post-radiation meningioma. A late complication of the irradiation of the sella turcica]. PMID- 7301558 TI - [Endoluminal dilatation of renal artery stenosis in a single kidney]. PMID- 7301559 TI - [Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 7301560 TI - [Real or false hyponatremia?]. PMID- 7301562 TI - [Lesional pulmonary edema in miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7301561 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aneurysms involving the Adamkiewicz's artery. Usefulness of deep hypothermia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a new surgical technique for the treatment of thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aneurysms involving the artery of the lumbar enlargement (Adamkiewicz's artery) at its point of origin. In two patients the aortic segment giving birth to the artery was accurately located by angiography and re-impaired under deep hypothermia and extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 7301563 TI - [Epiphysiolysis in a young hemodialyzed child]. PMID- 7301564 TI - [Aortic insufficiency with endocardial rheumatic granuloma in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7301565 TI - [Detection of intracardiac thrombi by scanography]. PMID- 7301566 TI - [The red cell: pharmacological indicator to be re-evaluated?]. PMID- 7301567 TI - [Diagnostic value of sectional images obtained by emission tomography (author's transl)]. AB - It is now possible to obtain clear images of the various planes in and around a structure with ultrasounds (echotomography), X-rays (computerized tomography) and recently, gamma-rays from radioactive substances (emission tomography). Axial transverse tomography, which is described here, is to conventional scintigraphy what CT scan is to radiography. It provides images of any structure capable of concentrating sufficiently a radioactive substance administered intravenously. These images are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body. As shown by examples in the liver, lungs and myocardium, lesions which had passed unnoticed with other exploratory techniques can now be demonstrated, and the location, shape and extension of known lesions can be more accurately assessed. Emission tomography already has its place in modern diagnostic procedures side by side with echotomography and CT scan. PMID- 7301568 TI - [Abdominal traumas due to the safety belt (author's transl)]. AB - The use of motorcar safety belts has reduced mortality in road accidents but has given rise to the so-called "safety belt syndrome", a new pattern of lesions the most common and most severe of which are lesions of the abdominal wall and viscera. A case of transsection of the whole abdominal wall with mesenteric tear is reported here and numerous cases of intestinal perforation have been published. Diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. Analysis of the pathophysiology of these lesions shows that most of them are caused by incorrectly placed or adjusted belts. Prevention can only result from improved education of car drivers and passengers and from the development of more efficient safety devices. PMID- 7301569 TI - [Dramatic aggravation of renal amyloidosis after surgery. Three cases (author's transl)]. AB - A few cases of improvement in secondary renal amyloidosis following surgery (in particular, removal of the amylogenic foci) have been published, but cases of aggravation are much more numerous. The authors report on three patients whose renal function deteriorated dramatically after extra-renal surgery (pneumonectomy, aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement). None of the usual precipitating factors, such as DIC, cardiovascular collapse, sepsis or renal vein thrombosis, could be detected, but two patients had been under extracorporeal circulation. Such accidents appear to be unpredictable and irreversible. They can be seen in primary or secondary amyloidosis and whether or not surgery involves an amylogenic focus. Indeed, in two of their patients the diagnosis of amyloidosis was unknown before the operation. This suggests that in patients with suspected amyloidosis no major surgical operation should be undertaken without prior renal biopsy. PMID- 7301570 TI - [Thymic seminomas (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on three cases of thymic seminoma treated between 1971 and 1981. These tumours, first described by Friedman in 1981. These tumours, first described by Friedman in 1951, belong to the group of extra-gonadal germinal tumours. They constitute about 2.5% of all thymic masses. The most probable pathogenic theory is abnormal migration of germinal cells from the vitelline sac to the embryonic thymus. Thymic seminomas are usually found in young men and are asymptomatic in 30% of the cases. Macroscopically, they present as solid tumours capable of invading the surrounding structures. Histologically, they resemble gonadal seminomas but are sometimes difficult to identify, which is unfortunate since treatment is dependent upon an accurate histological diagnosis. The authors suggest that the tumour should be biopsied under mediastinal fluoroscopy, so that an accurate histological diagnosis can be made. Treatment consists of surgical excision, which should be restricted and on no account should destroy important structures, completed by mediastinal radiotherapy. The mean survival time is 6.3 years; the 5-year survival rate is 75%. PMID- 7301571 TI - [Latero-lateral jejuno-ileal shunt in the treatment of massive obesity (author's transl)]. AB - Jejuno-ileal shunting was performed in 67 patients with massive obesity, last ten with a side-to-side jejuno-ileal anastomose. The technique is simple and rapid and carries little risk of sepsis. No complications were observed. This particular operation is one of several surgical treatments proposed for massive obesity and appears to be most satisfactory. PMID- 7301572 TI - [Septicemia caused by Bacillus species. 2 cases]. PMID- 7301573 TI - [Lyell's syndrome during treatment with a new anti-inflammatory agent]. PMID- 7301574 TI - [Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. Prenatal diagnosis using echography]. PMID- 7301575 TI - Electron microscopic mapping of wheat germ RNA polymerase II binding sites on cloned CaMV DNA. AB - The binding sites of wheat germ RNA polymerase II were mapped on the cloned CaMV genome by observation of enzyme-linear DNA complexes by electron microscopy. Twelve sites are observed. Three of them are relatively stable in the presence of heparin and are found at positions 8-9, 21-23, and 41-44 map units on the physical map of the genome. These positions correspond to AT-rich regions of the viral genome which contain potential promoter sites. These results are discussed with reference to current information on the structure and expression of the CaMV genome. PMID- 7301576 TI - Promotion of specific in vitro transcription by excised "TATA" box sequences inserted in a foreign nucleotide environment. AB - We have cloned into plasmid pBR322 a DNA fragment extending from position -32 to position -12 of the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter region (position +1 referring to the cap site). In vitro transcription experiments show that this 21 base pair sequence, which contains the Goldberg-Hogness or "TATA" box, is both necessary and sufficient for specific initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase B (or II). Furthermore, we show that similar sequences, randomly occurring in the bacterial plasmid pBR322, are also recognized by the RNA polymerase B transcription machinery and able to promote specific in vitro transcription. Finally, we discuss the possible importance of the nucleotide sequence of the start region in the actual efficiency of initiation of in vitro transcription. PMID- 7301577 TI - A study of the reversibility of helix-coil transition in DNA. AB - The reversibility of DNA melting has been thoroughly investigated at different ionic strengths. We concentrated on those stages of the process that do not involve a complete separation of the strands of the double helix. The differential melting curves of pBR 322 DNA and a fragment of T7 phage DNA in a buffer containing 0.02M Na+ have been shown to differ substantially from the differential curves of renaturation. Electron-microscopic mapping of pBR 322 DNA at different degrees of unwinding (by a previously elaborated technique) has shown that the irreversibility of melting under real experimental conditions is connected with the stage of forming new helical regions during renaturation. In a buffer containing 0.2M Na+ the melting curves of the DNAs used (pBR322, a fragment of T7 phage DNA, a fragment of phage Lambda DNA, a fragment of phiX174 phage DNA) coincide with the renaturation curves, i.e. the process is equilibrium. We have carried out a semi-quantitative analysis of the emergence of irreversibility in the melting of a double helix. The problem of comparing theoretical and experimental melting curves is discussed. PMID- 7301578 TI - Calorimetric study of the complexes between polyuridylic acid and adenylic nucleotides. AB - Soluble complexes of poly (U) and adenylic nucleotides in NaCl solutions were studied by scanning microcalorimetry. The melting enthalpies, delta Hm, of poly (U) complexes with adenosine, 2',3' -cAMP, 2'(3')-AMP, 5-AMP, ADP, ATP in 1 M NaCl are 50.5; 45.0; 42.9; 28.6; 26.1 and 25.6 kJ/mole triplets, respectively. Delta Hm is independent of the complex melting temperature, Tm. The calorimetric enthalpies are considerably lower than the apparent delta Hv.H. obtained from Tm dependence on free monomer concentration. The enthalpy of complex formation in 1 M NaCl depends neither ob the number nor on the degree of ionization of the phosphate groups but is essentially determined by their 5' - or 2'(3')-position. In contrast to 2'(3')- AMP. 2 poly (U), delta Hm of 5'AMP. 2 poly (U) increases considerably at lowering Na+ concentration. The enthalpy of poly (U) double helix melting in 1 M NaCl is 8.8 kJ/mole pairs which is 2.5 times lower than that in MgCl2 solutions. PMID- 7301579 TI - Formation of hybrid nucleosomes cantaining new and old histones. AB - 5 mM hydroxyurea (HU) inhibits DNA synthesis in mouse P815 cells by 94-97% in less than 1 hr. Nevertheless, histone synthesis continues and newly-synthesised histones are incorporated into non-replicating chromatin at a rate of about 20% of that in control exponentially-growing cells. To study the organization of these histones in chromatin P815 cells were treated with 5 mM HU in medium containing dense (15N, 13C, 2H) - substituted amino acids. After inhibition of DNA synthesis, newly-synthesised histones were labelled with (3H)-arginine. The cells were harvested 90 min later, and mono- and oligonucleosomes were prepared and analysed on metrizamide-triethanolamine (MA-TEA density gradients. Analysis of the distribution of 3H-labelled histones in these gradients shows that they are incorporated into hybrid mononucleosomes containing both new and old histones. It is also shown that these hybrid nucleosomes are not randomly distributed, but show a certain tendency to be clustered in certain chromatin regions. PMID- 7301580 TI - Iodination of nucleosomes at low ionic strength: conformational changes in H4 and stabilization by H1. AB - Radioactive iodine has been used to probe the relative reactivities of nucleosomal H4 tyrosine residues under various conditions of subphysiological ionic strength. We observe that tyrosine 72 of H4, which is not reactive over the range 20-150 mM NaCl, becomes the predominant site of iodination within H4 when nucleosomes are subjected to conditions of very low ionic strength. Conversely, the other H4 tyrosine residues, which are reactive within nucleosomes in solutions of moderate ionic strength (20-150 mM NaCl), become nonreactive when the ionic strength is reduced. This "flip-flop" in the H4 iodination pattern is the manifestation of a reversible nucleosomal conformational change. A method is presented which enables the conformational status of H4 in nucleosomes to be determined by simply electrophoresing the histones on a Triton gel after probing nucleosomes with labeled iodine. Using this technique, we demonstrate that the presence of H1 on one side of the nucleosome stabilizes a histone core domain on the other side so that all four tyrosines of H4 are maintained in their physiological ionic strength conformation even under conditions of no added salt. PMID- 7301581 TI - Selected host cell capped RNA fragments prime influenza viral RNA transcription in vivo. AB - Influenza viral RNA transcription in vitro is primed by capped RNA fragments cleaved from capped RNAs by a viral endonuclease. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the specificities of the viral endonuclease and transcriptase observed in in vitro studies are also observed in the infected cell. The NS (nonstructural) gene of influenza WSN virus was cloned in pBR322 by using a double-stranded DNA containing a cDNA copy of both virion RNA (vRNA) and in vivo viral mRNA. We determined the 5' terminal sequence of the particular NS viral mRNA molecule which was cloned and also the 5' terminal sequences of the entire population of in vivo NS viral mRNAs synthesized in two different cell lines. For the latter determination we used a restriction fragment from the cloned DNA for the reverse transcriptase-catalyzed extension of total in vivo viral mRNA. The results indicate that in vivo and in vitro viral RNA transcription are similar in two important respects: (i) transcription initiates not with an A residue directed by the 3' terminal U of the vRNA, but with a G residue directed by the 3' penultimate C of the vRNA; and (ii) capped RNA fragments containing a 3' terminal A residue are preferentially used as primers, therapy generating an AG sequence in the viral mRNA complementary to the 3' terminal UC of the vRNA. Actually, for in vivo transcription, a subset of A terminated capped fragments, namely those containing a 3' penultimate C residue, are the preferred primers. The latter specificity had not been observed in previous in vitro studies. PMID- 7301582 TI - Nucleotide sequence of cytoplasmic initiator tRNA from Tetrahymena thermophila. AB - The total primary structure of cytoplasmic initiator tRNA from Tetrahymena thermophila mating type IV, was determined by post labeling techniques. The sequence is pa-G-C-A-G-G-G-U-m1G-G-C-G-A-A-A-D-Gm-G-A-A-U-C-G-C-G-U-Psi-G-G-G-C-U C-A-U-t6A -A-C-Psi-C-A-A-A-A-m7G-U-m5C-A-G-A-G-G-A-Psi-C-G-m1A-A-A-C-C-U-C-U-C-U C-U-G-C- U-A-C-C-AOH. The nucleotide residue in the position next to the 5'-end of the anticodon of this tRNA (residue No. 33) is uridine instead of cytidine, which has been found in cytoplasmic initiator tRNAs from multicellular eukaryotic organisms. The sequence of three consecutive G-C base pairs in the anticodon stem common to all other cytoplasmic initiator tRNAs is disrupted in this tRNA; namely, the cytidine at residue 40 in this region is replaced by pseudouridine in Tetrahymena initiator tRNA. PMID- 7301583 TI - The sites of deposition of newly synthesized histone. AB - The chromosomal fragments produced by nuclease digestion of freshly replicated chromatin migrate more rapidly relative to bulk chromatin when analyzed in nucleoprotein gels. The cause of the anomalous migration has been studied and the evidence indicates that rather than reflecting a shorter nucleosomal repeat in vivo that it may be a consequence of nucleosome sliding during the digestion itself. The distinct electrophoretic characteristics of nucleosomal material containing newly replicated DNA have enabled us to examine their histone composition by two dimensional electrophoresis. We find that nucleosomes containing new DNA also contain newly synthesized histones H3 and H4. In contrast more than 50% of newly synthesized H2A and H2B, and essentially all of new H1, are deposited at sites on the bulk chromatin distinct from that material containing newly replicated DNA. In addition we show that newly synthesized histones H3 and H4 are bound unusually weakly when they first become associated with the chromatin. PMID- 7301584 TI - Supercoiled mitochondrial DNAs from plant tissue culture cells. AB - Supercoiled mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been isolated in preparative amounts from five different plant species and compared on agarose gels. The gels reveal considerable mtDNA size heterogeneity within each species as well as substantial differences in the range and frequency of the mtDNA size classes among the different plants. The two lowest size classes of three of the plants have been extracted and their molecular weights determined. Comparison of two N. tabacum W38 culture lines has revealed significant differences in their mtDNA size classes. However, despite the totally different supercoil patterns, these two lines have almost identical restriction digests. The availability of preparative amounts of separated mtDNA size classes will make it possible to carry out a detailed analysis of plant mitochondrial genomes. PMID- 7301585 TI - Some observations relating to the oximate ion promoted unblocking of oligonucleotide aryl esters. AB - The action of the N1, N1, N3, N3-tetramethylguanidinium salts of a number of oximes on 5'-O-methoxytetrahydropyranylthymidylyl-(3' leads to 5')-3'-O methoxytetrahydropyranylthmidine aryl esters (7a-c) in dioxan-water (1:1 v/v) has been investigated. The O-chlorophenyl ester (7a) was unblocked by 4 nitrobenzaldoximate ion ca. 2.5 times as rapidly as the p-chlorophenyl ester (7b) and ca. 25 times as rapidly as the phenyl ester (7c). syn-2-Nitrobenzaldoxime (15a) is the unblocking agent of choice; its conjugate base reacts with 7a and 7b ca. 4 and 2.5 times, respectively, as rapidly as does the conjugate base of its 4 isomer (1). Internucleotide cleavage cannot be detected in the reaction between 2 nitrobenzaldoximate ion and 7a; its extent has been estimated to be no greater than 0.1%. Experiments with the corresponding fully-protected tetranucleoside triphosphate (14a) confirm the greater reactivity of 2- and 4-nitrobenzaldoximate ion and suggest that, if the molecular concentrations both of protected oligonucleotide and oximate ions are maintained, rates of unblocking may not decrease significantly with increasing oligonucleotide chain lengths. PMID- 7301586 TI - The molecular electrostatic potential and steric accessibility of A-DNA. AB - The molecular electrostatic potential and steric accessibility of A-DNA are computed for base sequences (dG.dC)n and (dA.dT)n. An interpretation of the results in terms of the structure of A-DNA is provided and differences with respect to other forms of DNA, namely B-DNA and Z-DNA, are discussed. PMID- 7301587 TI - The transitions between left- and right-handed forms of poly(dG-dC). AB - The circular dichroism study of water/trifluoroethanol (TFE) solutions of poly(dG dC) has revealed the following: The polynucleotide is present as a B form up to a TFE content of 60% (v/v) or less. Then, a cooperative transition into a left handed Z form occurs. Within the region of 66-78% TFE, a continuous non cooperative change is going on which can be attributed to an intrafamily transition within the family of Z forms. At last, in the interval of 80-84% TFE, a second cooperative transition, probably, Z - A is realized. Both transitions, Z - A and Z - B, show slow kinetics (10-60 min) while the direct transitions from the A to B form taking less than 10 sec. The length of cooperativity for the B - Z transition, Vo = 25 base pairs was estimated using spermine molecules. Spermine was found to induce the B to Z transition in the (dG-dC) sequences even in the absence of TFE which might be biologically interesting. PMID- 7301588 TI - Possible role of flanking nucleotides in recognition of the AUG initiator codon by eukaryotic ribosomes. AB - Sequences flanking the initiator codon in eukaryotic mRNAs are not random. Out of 153 messages examined, 151 have either a purine in position -3, or a G in position +4, or both. Thus, [A/G]XXAUGG emerges as the favored sequence for eukaryotic initiation sites. Nucleotides flanking nonfunctional AUG triplets, which occur in the 5'-noncoding region of a few eukaryotic messages, are different from those found at most functional sites. Whereas most authentic initiator codons are preceded by a purine (usually A) in position -3, most nonfunctional AUGs have a pyrimidine in that position. The observed asymmetry suggests that purines in positions -3 and +4 might facilitate recognition of the AUG condon during formation of initiation complexes. To test this idea, in vitro binding studies were carried out with 32P-labeled oligonucleotides. Binding of AUG-containing oligonucleotides to wheat germ ribosomes was significantly enhanced by placing a purine in position -3 or +4. The scanning model, which postulates that 40S ribosomal subunits attach at the 5'-end of a message and migrate down to the AUG codon, is discussed in light of these new observations. A modified version of the scanning mechanism is proposed. PMID- 7301589 TI - Altered features in the secondary structure of Vicia faba 5.8s rRNA. AB - We have re-examined the nucleotide sequence of Vicia faba (broad bean) 5.8S rRNA using partial chemical degradation and a new approach to high temperature (65-80 degrees C) sequencing gels. The results indicate that the secondary structure was not completely disrupted in previous studies (Tanaka, Y., Dyer, T.A. and Brownlee, G.G. (1980) Nucleic Acid Res. 8, 1259-1272) and explain ambiguities between the nucleotide sequence and T1 ribonuclease digests. Despite this revision, estimates in the secondary structure suggest that this 5.8S rRNA differs from previously examined examples in two respects, more open conformations in both the "GC-rich" and "AU-rich" stems. The secondary structure was probed under a variety of ionic conditions using limited pancreatic and T1 ribonuclease digestion and rapid gel sequencing techniques. These studies and theoretical considerations generally supported the "burp gun" model previously proposed for all 5.8S rRNAs and were inconsistent with the recently suggested "cloverleaf" configuration. More importantly, they were also consistent with more open stem structures in this higher plant. PMID- 7301590 TI - A chicken middle-repetitive DNA sequence which shares homology with mammalian ubiquitous repeats. AB - We have identified and sequenced two members of a chicken middle repetitive DNA sequence family. By reassociation kinetics, members of this family (termed CRl) are estimated to be present in 1500-7000 copies per chicken haploid genome. The first family member sequenced (CRlUla) is located approximately 2 kb upstream from the previously cloned chicken Ul RNA gene. The second CRl sequence (CRl)Va) is located approximately 12 kb downstream from the 3' end of the chicken ovalbumin gene. The region of homology between these two sequences extends over a region of approximately 160 base pairs. In each case, the 160 base pair region is flanked by imperfect, but homologous, short direct repeats 10-15 base pairs in length. When the CRl sequences are compared with mammalian ubiquitous interspersed repetitive DNA sequences (human Alu and Mouse Bl families), several regions of extensive homology are evident. In addition, the short nucleotide sequence CAGCCTGG which is completely conserved in ubiquitous repetitive sequence families from several mammalian species is also conserved at a homologous position in the chicken sequences. These data imply that at least certain aspects of the sequence and structure of these interspersed repeats must predate the avian-mammalian divergence. It seems that the CRl family may possibly represent an avian counterpart of the mammalian ubiquitous repeats. PMID- 7301591 TI - The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Mycoplasma capricolum is UUGGUGGUAUAGCAUAGAGGUCACACCUGUUCCCAUGCCGAACACAGAAGUUAAGCUCUAUUACGGUGAAGAUAUUACU GAUGUGAGAAAAUAGCAAGCUGCCAGUUOH. The length is 107 nucleotides long, and the shortest in all the 5S rRNAs so far known. The sequence is more similar to those of the gram-positive bacteria than those of the gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 7301593 TI - Comparative structural analysis of cytidine, ethenocytidine, and their protonated salts. I. Crystal and molecular structure of ethenocytidine. AB - The X-ray crystal and molecular structure of 3,N4-ethenocytidine (comes from Cyd) has been solved and refined on counter data to R = 0.038. A detailed discussion of the base electronic structure, molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions is the starting point for a comparative analysis of the series: Cyd, epsilon Cyd, Cyd . HCll and epsilon Cyd . HCl. Protonation changes the base electronic structure and results in a completely different molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions. Etheno-bridging does not alter the molecular conformation but it also changes the intermolecular interactions. PMID- 7301592 TI - Sequence and properties of the human KB cell and mouse L cell D-loop regions of mitochondrial DNA. AB - The sequences of the displacement-loop (D-loop) regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mouse L cells and human KB cells have been determined and provide physical maps to aid in the identification of sequences involved in the regulation of replication and expression of mammalian mtDNA. Both D-loop regions are bounded by the genes for tRNAPhe and tRNAPro. This region contains the most highly divergent sequences in mtDNA with the exceptions of three small conserved sequence blocks near the 5' ends of D-loop strands, a 225 nucleotide conserved sequence block in the center of the D-loop strand template region, and a short sequence associated with the 3' ends of D-loop strands. A sequence similar to that associated with the 3' termini of D-loop strands overlaps one of the conserved sequence blocks near the 5' ends of D-loop strands. The large, central conserved sequence probably does not code for a protein since no open reading frames are discretely conserved. Numerous symmetric sequences and potential secondary structures exist in these sequences, but none appear to be clearly conserved between species. PMID- 7301594 TI - The high salt form of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) is left-handed Z-DNA: Raman spectra of crystals and solutions. AB - The laser-Raman spectra of crystalline d(CpGpCpGpCpG) and of aqueous poly(dG dC).poly(dG-dC) in high salt (4M NaCl) and low salt (0.1M NaCl) solutions have been measured and compared. The spectra of the crystal and the high-salt solution show a striking congruence, which indicates clearly that the high-salt form of the aqueous polymer has the left-handed Z-DNA structure of the crystalline oligomer. These two spectra differ substantially from that of the low-salt form of the polymer, which has been found previously to have spectral characteristics of the B-form of DNA. The high salt spectrum shows a unique line due to guanine residues at 625 cm-1 which should be useful for qualitative and possibly quantitative assessment of the amount of Z-structure present in a sample of DNA. PMID- 7301595 TI - Z-DNA conformation of N-2-acetylaminofluorene modified poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) determined by reactivity with anti cytidine antibodies and minimized potential energy calculations. AB - The conformation of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), poly(dG).poly(dC), and calf thymus DNA modified with N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-acetoxy-AAF) was examined by extent of reaction with anti cytidine antibodies. In contrast to modified poly(dG).poly(dC0 and DNA, modified poly(dG-dC).poly (dG-dC) failed to react with the antibodies indicating that the base pairing in this polymer is intact. This in consistent with induction of the Z-DNA conformation in AAF modified poly(dG dC).poly(dG-dC). Using minimized potential energy calculations on the dCpdG-AAF dimer as a model for the modified polymer, it is shown that the proposed Z-DNA conformation is energetically stable. A model is proposed for an AAF modified tetramer, dGpdCpdGpdC, in which the AAF is external to the Z-DNA duplex. PMID- 7301596 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of the peroxy-ATP analogue, adenylyl 5' peroxydiphosphate. AB - An analogue of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, adenylyl 5'-peroxydiphosphate (beta, gamma-peroxy-ATP), in which a peroxide linkage replaces the terminal bridge oxygen of the triphosphate chain, has been synthesized. The chemical and biological properties of beta, gamma-peroxy-ATP in representative enzyme systems demonstrate its potential usefulness as a probe of enzymatic mechanism and structure. PMID- 7301597 TI - The synthesis and properties of some 5-substituted uracil derivatives. AB - The problems encountered in the synthesis of 5-vinyl-2'-deoxyuridine are outlined and the synthesis of 5-bromoethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine described. E-5-(2-Bromovinyl) 2'-deoxyuridine is the most potent and specific agent against some herpes viruses yet discovered; we have now synthesised the Z-isomer and this appears to be essentially biologically inert. PMID- 7301598 TI - Synthesis of 6-substituted thymine nucleosides. AB - The preparation of several N(1)-glycosyl derivatives of 6-fluorothymine is described. The displacement of the fluorine atom at the C-6-position of the heterocyclic component lead to a series of new 6-substituted 5-methyl-pyrimidine 2,4-dione-nucleosides. Some of these new compounds show significant virostatic activity against influenza A virus strains. PMID- 7301599 TI - [Effect of long-term corticoid therapy on selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7301600 TI - [Clinical significance of F2-alpha hyperprostaglandinemia in the diagnosis of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7301601 TI - [Function of the pituitary-adrenal axis in bronchial asthma or asthmatic syndromes treated for over 5 years with triamcinolone acetonide]. PMID- 7301602 TI - [Adrenal cortex function in bronchial asthma or asthmatic syndromes treated with betamethasone depot (Diprophos)]. PMID- 7301603 TI - [Phagocytic activity of the peripheral blood granulocytes in patients treated with triamcinolone acetonide and vitamin C]. PMID- 7301604 TI - [Effect of long-term triamcinolone acetonide treatment on the neuromuscular system]. PMID- 7301605 TI - [Evaluation of Diprophos in the treatment of asthma]. PMID- 7301607 TI - Ni3S2-induced leiomyosarcomas in rabbit skeletal muscle: analysis of the tumoral myosin and its significance in the retrodifferentiation concept. AB - Leimyosarcomas were induced in rabbit skeletal muscle by Ni3S2 implantation. Tumor myosin was isolated and compared with normal adult muscle myosin and cow uterine smooth muscle myosin. This study has shown that this leiomyosarcoma myosin precipitates as long fusiform filaments and possesses two light-chain of 25000 and 18000 daltons as does the once-fetal type. The biochemical findings demonstrate that tumoral stem myoblasts originate from retrodifferentiated muscle cells. PMID- 7301606 TI - [Diprophos in the treatment of asthma. Preliminary observations]. PMID- 7301608 TI - Chicken fetal antigen: example of an antigenically complex oncodevelopmental membrane glycoprotein. AB - CFA is a complex onco-developmental membrane marker system that is being investigated at the cellular, molecular, genetic and functional levels. CFA appears to be a family of genetically-determined carbohydrate side chains attached to a membrane-bound polypeptide chain. Unique combinations of the thirteen serologically detectable CFA determinants are expressed on erythroid and lymphoid cells of all avian species tested. Whether or not CFA determinants are hematopoietic specific markers remains to be established. The CFA determinants are proving to be useful membrane markers for the study of normal as well as neoplastic hematopoietic cellular differentiation. The probability that CFA determinants are differentiation-stage-specific markers for cells of both the erythroid and lymphoid series coupled with the observation that one of the CFA determinants acts as a cell membrane binding site for an arbovirus makes this antigen system a valuable tool for studying the cellular differentiation blockage hypothesis of neoplasia. PMID- 7301609 TI - Drug-induced interference with energy metabolism in the S180 sarcoma: a new principle in the production of selective tumor injury. AB - The effects of low doses of L-isoproterenol and hydralazine on energy production in the S180 sarcoma were examined in vivo. Both substances produced dramatic alterations in the tumor adenine nucleotide pattern (TANP) by 1 h, the tumor ATP level falling by 80--84% and the energy charge dropping from 0.81 to 0.27--0.28. The approximate ratios of highest amount tolerated by the animal to lowest effective anti-tumor dose were 500 and 15 respectively. By contrast, the highest tolerated doses of both drugs produced minor and quite dissimilar effects on the adenine nucleotide pattern of mouse liver at 1 h. At 24 h after the initial drug treatment the TANP had largely returned to normal, but total losses of adenine nucleotides of 38--69% were recorded. The effect of hydralazine was both more marked and more reproducible than that of L-isoproterenol. Initial treatments with either drug establishment a refractory state in the tumor by 23--24 h; second administrations 1 hr before death had only modest effects on the TANP. Despite alterations in the macroscopic appearance of the injured tissue, necrosis was not histologically evident 24 h after treatment 24 h, but extensive necrotic areas were readily visible at 5 days. PMID- 7301610 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen estimation in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with metastatic breast cancer. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have been measured in 39 patients with disseminated breast cancer, 22 of whom had metastases involving the central nervous system (CNS). CSF CEA was also measured in 13 patients without cancer who had non-malignant disorders. Thirteen of the 22 patients with CNS metastases had elevated CSF CEA, together with 4 of 17 patients with disseminated breast cancer without neurological involvement. These 4 patients were shown to have extensive dorso-lumbar spine deposits. CSF CEA was not detected in any of the 13 patients without cancer. Estimation of CEA in the cerebrospinal fluid may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of disseminated breast cancer involving the CNS, provided that spinal metastases are absent. PMID- 7301611 TI - [Bilateral hypertensive pneumothorax: clinical case in newborn (author's transl)]. AB - A case of bilateral pneumothorax in a newborn infant is described. The AA. underline the absolute usefulness of the neonatologist in the delivery room in order to try obtaining very good results in tragic situations. Its treatment, started in the delivery room, continued afterwards in the intensive care unit. The newborn was discharged in 20th day perfectly recovered. A follow up study after one year has not detected any pathologic report. PMID- 7301612 TI - [Purulent pericarditis in one infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301613 TI - [Obesity in childhood: prospects and limitations of a different therapeutic management]. PMID- 7301614 TI - [Treatment of necrotizing enteritis using peritoneal drainage. Presentation of a clinical case (author's transl)]. AB - Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) of the new-born is a serious syndrome characterized by bilious vomiting, gastric retention, abdominal distention and bloody stools. Furthermore, the general condition of the neonate is frequently compromised. The pathogenesis is multi-factorial; however, most authors state that the primary cause of this syndrome is due to ischemia of the intestinal wall. The most serious complication in babies with NEC is perforation of the necrotic bowel, a condition which must always be treated surgically. We present a case of NEC that has a particularly interesting clinical course and, as well, an interesting approach to treatment, which involved the placement of a peritoneal drain. This drain was subsequently utilized for peritoneal lavage once the diagnosis of NEC was confirmed, because we felt that the patient's general condition was so serious that he could not tolerate surgery at this time. PMID- 7301615 TI - [Biochemical data in the phosphate depletion syndrome of thalassemic patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301616 TI - [Personal experience and critical evaluations of determination of glycosylated hemoglobin in children with diabetes mellitus]. AB - The level of glycosylated hemoglobin was determined in 39 diabetic children and in 94 normal children. In certain subjects, both diabetic and normal, the component HbA1c was also determined. After the evaluation of the results of their study, the Authors conclude that, for practical purposes, the determination of total glycosylated hemoglobin is sufficient and express doubt in the usefulness of this parameter for routine monitoring of metabolic balance in diabetic children. The Authors would like too point out, however, that glycosylated hemoglobin determination is useful in some cases such as chemical diabetes, diabetes in a remissive phase and diabetes in early infancy. PMID- 7301617 TI - [Eosinophiluria as a simple diagnostic test of penicillin nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301618 TI - [Constipation: electro-manometric diagnosis and treatment suggestion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301619 TI - [Male pseudohermaphroditism: suggestions for an exact and precocious diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301620 TI - [Hereditary fructose intolerance: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301621 TI - [Catheterization of the ureter after anti-reflux reimplantation using the Cohen technic]. AB - Cohen's ureteroneocystostomy is largely employed by many pediatric urologists, the only substantial criticism being the impossibility of endoscopic ureteral catheterization after this procedure. A method is described, based on the use of a catheter needle introduced on the filled bladder suprapubically, in a lateral position, opposite to the side of the ureter concerned. Adequate ureteral catheter is introduced on the venous catheter, using a common endoscopic rubber tip to maintain water tightness. Under endoscopic vision the ureteral catheter is easily inserted in the ureteral meatus and introduced in the ureter. PMID- 7301622 TI - [On the use of an adapted milk in an intensive therapy centre (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301623 TI - [Abdominal masses in pediatric age; clinical aspects and diagnostic approach in 52 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A large series of malignant and benign conditions are generally collected under the term of abdominal masses. Their common aspect is the lack, in most of the cases, of peculiar clinical features which may help early differential diagnosis. In many cases the mass is detected late after a long period of vague, aspecific symptoms. 40% of these space occupying lesions of the abdomen are of malignant origin and delayed detection and investigation affect clinical course. Preoperative study of abdominal masses is a problem of primary importance in pediatric surgical practice. A changing attitude is registered towards many diagnostic procedures and the role of largely diffused techniques like angiography is controversial. The introduction of ultrasonography makes in many cases intensive radiologic investigation unwarranted and academic. The Authors discuss the real role and targets of preoperative investigations of abdominal masses and refer on their experience based on 52 cases, to underline some clinical aspects and analyse their diagnostic approach to this pathology. PMID- 7301624 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma of the spleen (author's transl)]. AB - The spleen is the least common intra-abdominal site for the development of cystic disease. A lymphoangioma of the spleen was first reported in 1885 by Fink; since that time 47 cases of lymphoangioma or lymphoangectasia have been reported. This report concern a case of cystic lymphoangioma of the spleen consisting of a large splenic cyst with associated multiple small subcapsular cysts and lymphangectasia. The diagnosis and treatment of splenic cysts are discussed and a new classification of splenic cysts is proposed. PMID- 7301625 TI - [2 cases of malformations of a limb in infants of mothers treated with an antiemetic in a very early phase of pregnancy]. AB - Two cases of fetal malformation of a limb are described. The mothers of our patients took an antiemetic, Debendox (dicyclomine hydrochloride 10 mg, doxylamine succinate 10 mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 10 mg), in early pregnancy, five-six weeks after the last menstrual period. The drug was administered during limbs-buds development period which is thought to occur at 43-46 days after conception. The fetal malformation described, are confronted with congenital abnormalities reported by other authors who suspect that, in early pregnancy, Debendox may have teratogenic properties. Nevertheless, prospective studies of gravidas and their offspring have found no evidence to suggest that Debendox is teratogenic in humans. PMID- 7301626 TI - [Liver function in cattle in experimental rumen acidosis]. AB - The investigations were performed on 6 Friesian-Holstein heifers, weighing 410 504 kg, in which acid indigestion was induced by intraruminal administration of saccharose in a dose of 12 g/kg body weight. The animals were observed for 9 days after the treatment. Functional state of the liver was evaluated on the basis of bromosulphthalein clearance, total bilirubin level and aspartate amino transferase (AspAT) activity in serum, concentration of blood glucose, total serum protein and protein fractions. Within the first 24 hours, all heifers developed acute symptoms of rumen acidosis which persisted for 3 days after saccharose administration. Afterwards, a phase of gradual spontaneous recovery was observed. In the course of rumen acidosis a reduction in bromosulphthalein clearance, an increase in bilirubin level and AspAT activity, a decrease and then an increase in glucose concentration and a reduction in albumin content and, as a consequence, in albumin/globulin ratio were found. The results indicate that experimental rumen acidosis produced disturbances in excretory and metabolic functions of the liver in the examined heifers. Changes in biochemical parameters were preceded by an increase in AspAT activity and were most remarkable between 48 and 144 hours after saccharose administration. Liver dysfunction was of a various degree in individual animals and recovered within a relatively short period following the disappearance of rumen acidosis symptoms. PMID- 7301628 TI - [Pathogenicity, immunogenic properties and antigenic structure of domestic strains of Trichophyton verrucosum]. AB - The studies involved 37 domestic strains of the Trichophyton verrucosum species, which plays a dominating role in the etiology of skin mycosis in cattle. The pathogenesis of these strains was determined in guinea-pigs and calves, as well as their immunogenicity and antigenic structure. Differences in pathogenic properties of the individual strains were found both for guinea-pigs and calves. By the method of successive reinfections it was shown that trichophytosis cannot be evoked in guinea-pigs for the second time, and no relationship was found between the presence of antibodies in the serum of the animals and their immunity. Differences of antibodies were detected. However, no correlation between this feature and the virulence of the strain was found. Differences in the activity of extracts according to Fuller from the individual strains were observed in relation to positive rabbit serum against T. verrucosum, strain No 43. The comparison of the antigenic structure of the strains studied showed that they are identical. The methods used made it possible to distinguish 6 antigen fractions, of which fraction III was found in 78% of strains. The author did not succeed in identifying a specific antigen common for all T. verrucosum strains studied. From the analysis of the properties studied, only one strain (No 8) was isolated of 37 T. verrucosum strains, which is useful in every respect for production of live vaccine against trichophytosis. PMID- 7301627 TI - [Histological picture of altered nerve cells of the sympathetic trunk of healthy and mature nutria (Myocastor coupus Mol.)]. AB - Histological investigations were carried out on the sympathetic trunks of fourteen healthy, mature male and female coypu specimens of standard race, aged 8 24 months. The histological preparations impregnated using Bielschowski and Gross's method were prepared from front cervical, mid-cervical (central cervical), and pectoral-cervical ganglia as well as from pectoral, lumbar and sacral ganglia. An entire range of nerve cells displaying a certain type and degree of change was found in the above mentioned sympathetic ganglia. These cells are classified in the following order: cells with protoplasmic argyrophilia, cells with vacuole formations, with hyperplasia or hypertrophia of the processes, neuronophagic cells and degenerating cells. PMID- 7301629 TI - [Working conditions and psycho-physical predisposition of the personnel of the Veterinary Sanitary Inspection on detection of cysticercosis in cattle in the slaughterhouses]. AB - Investigations were carried out in 8 industrial slaughter-houses and 19 co operative slaughter-houses in Wielkopolska regional districts. Environmental conditions concerning the work of the personnel of the Veterinary Sanitary Inspection directly occupied on the posts of investigation of cattle after slaughter were estimated. The mentioned veterinary workers were subjected to general-medical, ophthalmic and psychological examinations in the co-operative of Provincial Specialistic Dispensaries in Poznan. Furthermore, during the period of 2 1/2 years in a selected industrial slaughter-house the influence of individual personal features of veterinary workers on the detection of Cysticercus bovis in investigations on cattle after slaughter was studied. On the ground of the investigations presented a distinct correlation between the obtained results of ophthalmic and psychological investigations and the general sanitary condition of veterinary workers as well as the quality and intensity of lighting in slaughter houses and the effectiveness of investigations on cattle after slaughter on the presence C. bovis was found. The percentage of the detected cases of the cattle cysticercosis was 7 times higher in industrial slaughter-houses than in co operative slaughter-houses in regional districts. The performed investigations on the influence of individual personal features of veterinary workers on the detection of C. bovis in selected industrial slaughter-houses--have shown essential differences concerning the effectiveness of these investigations after slaughter carried out by individual persons, who detected cysticercosis during the investigation of heads from 0,40 to 3,58%, inner organs (hearts, lungs and so on) from 0,08 to 1,71% and carcasses of cattle from 0 to 0,08%. From the above observations it appears, that a proper selection of persons as well as a current individual estimation of the work of the sanitary-veterinary supervision are also essential elements stimulating the detection of cattle cysticercosis. PMID- 7301630 TI - [Calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in the serum of pregnant cows]. AB - Each of the three elements: calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium was determined 440 times in serum of cows in two groups during one year. The experimental group was formed of 30 pregnant cows, and the control group of 10 not fertilized cows. Parallelly to these determinations mineral nutrition of the cows studied was recorded. The content of calcium in serum of the experimental cow group was maintained on the physiological level, only 4 days before delivery a decrease in calcium content below the physiological level was observed. The content of inorganic phosphorus in serum of the experimental cows decreased with progressing pregnancy, however, it was maintained on the physiological level. In control cows the content of both elements (calcium and inorganic phosphorus) in serum was maintained on the physiological level during the whole investigation period. The content of magnesium in serum of cows in both groups remained on the physiological level over the whole period of studies. From the tabular calculations it appears that the cows received excessive calcium in fodder in one year, which exceeded several times their demand; the increased supply did not, however, effect its increased content in serum of the cows in both groups. The supply of phosphorus in fodder did not cover its demand in pregnant cows almost during the whole period of the studies. PMID- 7301631 TI - [Effect of stress on uterine contraction in cows]. AB - The investigation was carried out to observe the influence of stress upon the motility of the uterus from 1st to 5th day after parturition or cesarotomy. The experiments involved 24 lowland black and white cows; in 12 of them cesarean section was performed. The motility of the uterus was recorded with the balloon method by way of air transmission. The starting uterine contractions curve having been recorded, for 15-20 minutes one of following stress agents was applied: taking the calf away, change of stall, putting under restraint, collecting small amounts of blood or milking by a strange person. Besides, 2 ml 0.1% adrenaline solution or 4 I.U. oxytocin was administered intravenously. Adrenaline was administered before or after oxytocin, or both the hormones were applied together. Oxytocin was also applied during the stress. During the action of the stress as well as after administration of adrenaline there was observed complete decay of uterine contractions from 1st to 5th day after parturition or cesarotomy. No changes in the motility of the uterus were brought about by intravenously administration of oxytocin during the stress. No response of the uterus to oxytocin was observed, either, when adrenaline had been administered before. Both exogenic and endogenic adrenaline was found to restrain strongly the contractions of the examined organ, or to decay them completely, which has a negative effect upon involution of the uterus in cows in the first days after parturition. PMID- 7301632 TI - Causes of abortion in Khorassan Province--Mashad. AB - The aim of this paper is to analyse the cause of abortion and postnatal deaths in sheep on the basis of laboratory examinations. For serological examination against brucellosis and salmonellosis 899 blood samples were collected. From all tested sera 411 (45.7%) were positive to Brucella melitensis antigen and only 10 (1.11%) to Salmonella abortus ovis antigens. Bacteriological examination were done with 50 lambs, 143 aborted foetuses and 46 vaginal swabs. Brucella melitensis was stated in 7.6% in aborted foetuses and 8.69% in vaginal swabs. Salmonella abortus ovis was isolated in 59.44% in aborted foetuses, 34% in lambs and 30.34% in vaginal swabs. E. coli infection was seen in foetuses (0.7%), in lambs (34%) and in vaginal swabs (28.3%). Enzootic abortion of ewes (EAE) were not observed. PMID- 7301633 TI - Vasotocin, melatonin and narcolepsy: possible involvement of the pineal gland in its patho-physiological mechanism. AB - Both the pineal nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) (2.5 micrograms) administered intra-nasally and the pineal indole melatonin (50 mg) administered intravenously to three male narcoleptics (two with auxiliary symptoms and one with sleep attacks only), dramatically increased the amount of REM sleep and decreased REM sleep latency. The duration of the sleep onset REM periods in the two narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms increased by more than 100 percent after AVT and melatonin administration. In the narcoleptic with sleep attacks only both AVT and melatonin induced REM periods at sleep onset. The hypothesis is advanced that narcolepsy represents an impairment of the melatonin-AVT control in the induction and circadian organization of REM sleep associated with an immaturity of REM triggering centers. PMID- 7301634 TI - Synthesis of several chemotactic peptide antagonists. PMID- 7301635 TI - In vitro stimulation of prolactin release by vasoactive intestinal peptide. AB - The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on anterior pituitary hormone release was examined in a variety of in vitro preparations. Synthetic VIP was capable of stimulating increased prolactin (PRL) release from male rat hemipituitaries in doses as low as 10-9M only when the enzyme inhibitor bacitracin was present in the incubation medium. Natural porcine VIP was similarly capable of stimulating PRL release, but only at higher doses (10-6M). Additionally, synthetic VIP was capable of stimulating PRL release from dispersed anterior pituitary cells harvested from adult male and lactating female rats and from an enriched population of lactotrophs obtained by unit gravity sedimentation of similar dispersed cells from infantile female rats. No effect of VIP on luteinizing hormone, growth hormone or thyroid stimulating hormone release was seen. These findings taken in concert with the presence of VIP in the hypothalamus, pituitary and hypophyseal portal plasma of the rat suggest a physiological role for VIP in the control of PRL secretion. PMID- 7301636 TI - Hypothermia elicited by the intracerebral microinjection of neurotensin. AB - Changes in rectal temperature were measured after the intracerebral microinjection of neurotensin (2.5 micrograms/0.5 microliters) at 135 sites in the rat. At 63 of the 135 microinjection sites, the tridecapeptide produced a rapid onset of hypothermia ranging in magnitude from 0.8 to 2.3 degrees C below the baseline rectal temperature. The drop in rectal temperature persisted for 2-4 hours following the microinjection. The greatest concentrations of neurotensin sensitive sites were found in the medial preoptic region of the hypothalamus and in the periaqueductal gray area, both of which contain relatively large amounts of endogenous neurotensin. Other active sites were found in the ventral thalamus, the dorsomedial hypothalamus, and in the diagonal band of Broca. At no injection site did neurotensin evoke an increase in rectal temperature. These data support the proposition that neurotensin may act endogenously to mediate heat-loss mechanisms in the rat. The data provide further evidence indicating a potent neuromodulatory role for neurotensin. PMID- 7301637 TI - Behavioral effects of dynorphin 1-13 in the mouse and rat: initial observations. AB - Dynorphin is a recently identified, pharmacologically potent endogenous opioid peptide. Heretofore it has not been characterized for its behavioral effects. The effects of centrally infused dynorphin upon a variety of behaviors were therefore examined in mice and rats. The present findings point to a specific profile of behavioral activity. The peptide was active in facilitating feeding and grooming, but was inactive in modifying pain sensitivity and rearing behavior. Naloxone was generally ineffective in reversing behavioral effects. Dynorphin thus appears to have some opiate-like effects upon exogenous administration but may be rapidly broken down into a behaviorally potent non-opiate peptide fragment. PMID- 7301638 TI - Evidence for a cholecystokinin gut-brain axis with modulation by bombesin. AB - The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) levels was investigated by simultaneous withdrawal of CSF and blood from anesthetized mongrel dogs and measurement of CCK immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay. A significant correlation occurred between CSF and plasma levels of CCK. During a CCK IV infusion, a statistically significant inverse correlation was noted between CSF and plasma values, while no significant relationship was noted during a bombesin (BBS) IV infusion. When infusion data were analyzed together with the appropriate baseline data, polynomial analysis revealed significant biphasic relationships for both CCK and BBS infusion studies. Intraventricular infusion of CCK did not alter plasma levels. These data suggest that existence of a mechanism relating CSF to plasma CCK levels (a gut to brain axis) with possible modulation or suppression by BBS. PMID- 7301640 TI - Evidence that N-acetylation regulates the behavioral activity of alpha-MSH in the rat and human central nervous system. AB - alpha-MSH immunoreactive peptides were fractionated and characterized in rat and human brain and rat pituitary by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatographic techniques. alpha-MSH and deacetylated alpha-MSH were two major naturally existing peptides in both brain and pituitary gland. Subsequent experiments examined the roles of these two peptides in neuronal function. The alpha-MSH was clearly more effective than deacetylated alpha-MSH in improving performance on a visual discrimination task after intraperitoneal administration and in inducing excessive grooming after intraventricular administration. The difference in behavioral potency may be explained by the fact that alpha-MSH was much more resistant to peptidase degradation than was deacetylated alpha-MSH. N acetylation of alpha-MSH may be an effective regulatory process for modulating the behavioral potency of the secretory product of alpha-MSH-containing pituitary cells and neurons. PMID- 7301639 TI - Systemic injections of gastro-intestinal peptides alter behavior in rats. AB - Twenty-four male albino rats were given daily intraperitoneal injections of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), motilin, human gastrin I (1-17) or the diluent control vehicle at a dose of 100 micrograms/kg for four consecutive days and food intake, water intake, body weight, and running wheel activity were determined every 24 hours. Animals injected with motilin or human gastrin I (1 17) exhibited decreased food intake relative to those injected with VIP or diluent, which did not differ from each other, although food intake increased reliably over days. The mean water consumption followed the same pattern as that of food intake. As expected from the above results, VIP produced weight gains as compared with rats injected with motilin or gastrin but not reliably more than after diluent. A reliable effect of trials for weight gain was the greatest on day three. Running wheel activity was not affected by injections of human gastrin I (1-17), motilin, or diluent but was reliably decreased by VIP. No significant differences existed across days. Although the results indicate that GI peptides may affect behavior when injected systemically and that like other peptides they have multiple effects, caution is urged in the interpretation of behavioral results at this time. PMID- 7301641 TI - [Histopathological diagnosis of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7301643 TI - [Left-ventricular function in patients with interatrial shunt before and after closure of the septal foramen]. PMID- 7301642 TI - [Disorders of humoral immunity in workers exposed to organic solvents]. PMID- 7301644 TI - [Clinical course and treatment of deep vein thrombosis during the puerperium in a woman with pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 7301645 TI - [Relation between the incidence of subendocardial necrosis and distribution of extravascular resistance]. PMID- 7301646 TI - [Role of immediate hypersensitivity in the etiology of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7301647 TI - [Changes of fibrinogen concentration and their prognostic value in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7301648 TI - [Epistaxis - not only a laryngological problem]. PMID- 7301649 TI - [Biological availability of sulfadimethoxine in the treatment of skin diseases]. PMID- 7301650 TI - [Diagnostic value of the paranasal sinus endoscopy]. PMID- 7301651 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of rolitetracycline in patients with solitary kidney]. PMID- 7301652 TI - [Risk factors and prevention of complications in the examination of the heart and large vessels]. PMID- 7301653 TI - [Usefulness of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 7301654 TI - The effect of estramustine phosphate on prostatic cancer estimated by transrectal ultrasonotomography. AB - Transrectal ultrasonotomography was performed in 44 patients with prostatic cancer before, during, and after estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) administration. In 75.7% of 37 previously untreated patients, the deformity of the horizontal section of the prostate with prostatic cancer was corrected considerably, while in 89.2%, prostatic weight was remarkably reduced. In 57.1% of seven previously treated patients, appreciable changes were also observed in the shape and weight of the prostate. We concluded that estramustine phosphate was effective not only for untreated prostatic cancer, but also, at least in some degree, for relapsed cases. PMID- 7301655 TI - The use of serum isoenzymes of alkaline and acid phosphatase as possible quantitative markers of tumor load in prostate cancer. AB - The tumor burden of 98 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer was compared longitudinally with the activities of bone (BAP) and liver isoenzymes (LAP) of alkaline phosphatase, total acid phosphatase (AcP), and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP). A quantitative association between these enzyme markers and the tumor mass was suggested by comparing the enzymes with 1) both the treatment response and the estimation of metastasis by radionuclide bone scanning; 2) metastasis based upon radiographic evidence. In addition, an apparent extensive pretreatment bone tumor load was predictive for an elevated BAP activity, which was also a suggestive poor prognosis as previously reported. An elevation of PAP, in contrast to AcP, may precede the clinical disease progression in some patients. Data presented in this report have indicated that the levels of these enzymes compared well with the extent of tumor involvement and therefore may be considered suitable as adjuvant and even quantitative biochemical markers of bone and liver metastasis. PMID- 7301656 TI - A chemically defined medium for the propagation of rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells. AB - A chemically defined medium (MB-DF) has been developed for the propagation of the rat prostate adenocarcinoma cell line (PA-III). The medium (MB-DF) was supplemented with fetuin, insulin, transferrin, dexamethasone, and 5 alpha - dihydrotestosterone, but require no serum supplement. The adapted line, PA-IIIf, has been grown in this serum-free medium for 30 passages over a period of 12 months without losing the malignant or other characteristics of the parent line. When transplanted into syngeneic rats, the PA-IIIf cells reconstituted the adenocarcinoma and metastasized spontaneously via ipsilateral lymphatic channels to the lungs. This cell line will be of use in further analyses of enzymes associated with biological properties of the tumor cells. PMID- 7301657 TI - Effect of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy on the R3327 MAT-Ly Lu tumor. AB - The R3327 MAT-Ly Lu is a prostate derived, anaplastic, hormone independent carcinoma. It spreads primarily to regional lymph nodes, followed by lung metastases. Combination therapy with surgery (tumor removal with or without regional lymphadenectomy) and chemotherapy (ICRF-159) was more effective treatment than either one alone. Primary tumor excision plus lymphadenectomy appeared to reduce the number of pulmonary metastases. PMID- 7301658 TI - Sinus radiography self-test. PMID- 7301659 TI - ECG diagnostic pearls and pitfalls. 3. Drug and electrolyte effects. PMID- 7301660 TI - Epistaxis management. PMID- 7301661 TI - Dethroning the detective theory of diagnosis. AB - The physician diagnosing disease is often compared with the detective solving a crime. Eight operating principles of fictional detectives are presented and applied to diagnosis in modern medical practice. None holds up under scrutiny. In medicine, every problem does not require a diagnosis and every possibility does not have to be pursued. Time itself may be a diagnostic tool. All the facts may not be available for definitive diagnosis, or a diagnosis may not explain the patient's symptoms. Physicians, unlike fictional detectives, cannot ignore the obvious. They can and should recognize and diagnose diseases they initially failed to suspect. PMID- 7301662 TI - Accidental hypothermia: a community hospital perspective. AB - Hypothermia, especially in an urban environment, is often an unsuspected and therefore underdiagnosed clinical entity. Of 60 cases recorded over a two-year period in a typical community hospital in Philadelphia, 26 (43%) involved patients under 60 years of age; ambient air temperatures at admission exceeded 50 F (10 C) in 28 (47%) of the 60 cases. Hypothermia thus cannot necessarily be attributed to advanced age or cold climates or seasons. The severity of hypothermia did not correlate with either the season of the year or the ambient air temperature. Diabetes and alcohol abuse appear to be risk factors for hypothermia, being present in 18 (30%) and 14 (23%) of our patients, respectively. Every emergency department should have a protocol for identification and management of the hypothermia victim to allow timely institution of appropriate rewarming techniques. PMID- 7301663 TI - Drug interactions with cimetidine. PMID- 7301664 TI - Psychogenic vertigo: a review. PMID- 7301665 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant blood levels: eight practical questions. PMID- 7301666 TI - Pericardial effusion associated with minoxidil therapy. PMID- 7301667 TI - Acute respiratory failure and CNS-depressing drugs. AB - Data from a drug surveillance programme were analysed to estimate the frequency with which patients with a diagnosis of respiratory failure had been exposed to CNS-depressing drugs. Eleven out of 37 patients with respiratory failure had received such medication. A detailed comparison of these patients and controls admitted to hospital because of respiratory disease who did not develop respiratory failure failed to reveal significant differences in drug usage. This unexpected finding suggests that patients with respiratory disease of equal severity may vary greatly in their tendency to develop carbon dioxide retention following administration of drugs with respiratory depressant properties. PMID- 7301668 TI - Pituitary apoplexy (spontaneous pituitary necrosis). AB - Pituitary apoplexy or spontaneous pituitary necrosis is an ill-understood clinical syndrome. It may occur as a neurological emergency requiring urgent interference in a patient with a known pituitary dysfunction or it may be responsible for drawing attention to an as yet unrecognized pituitary pathology. It has a bizarre clinical profile and an unpredictable neurological and endocrine course. Patients may die at once or may recover with or without endocrine/neurological deficit. Six cases of pituitary apoplexy with varied clinical presentation are cited. PMID- 7301669 TI - Malignant epithelioma of the liver. PMID- 7301670 TI - Appendix abscess in a femoral hernial sac - case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7301671 TI - Cholecystitis and subphrenic abscess caused by Salmonella virchow. PMID- 7301673 TI - Polycythaemia vera presenting as an acute abdomen. AB - A patient who presented with severe abdominal pain was found to have an intrahepatic haematoma complicating previously undiagnosed polycythaemia vera (PV). Full recovery followed treatment with bed rest, control of hypertension, daily venesection and 32P. The hazards of surgery in uncontrolled PV are discussed and re-emphasized. PMID- 7301672 TI - Pyrexia of unknown origin. Presenting sign of hypothalamic hypopituitarism. AB - A 62-year-old man was admitted to hospital 10 times over 12 years because of pyrexia of unknown origin. Hypothalamic hypopituitarism was diagnosed by dynamic tests including clomiphene, LRH, TRH and chlorpromazine stimulation. Lack of ACTH was demonstrated by long and short tetracosactrin tests. The aetiology of the disorder was believed to be previous encephalitis. Following substitution therapy with adrenal and gonadal steroids there were no further episodes of fever. PMID- 7301674 TI - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a 66-year-old female. AB - A 66-year-old genotypically female patient was reared as a man. Investigations showed a partial adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and pituitary gonadotrophin secretion typical of a post-menopausal woman. PMID- 7301675 TI - Satalol-induced torsade de pointes. PMID- 7301676 TI - Central pontine myelinolysis in association with Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Central pontine myelinolysis was found histologically in a young man who died with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clinically he had developed a progressive peripheral sensory deficit, ataxia, quadriparesis, dysarthria, incontinence and drowsiness. This is the fifth case reported in the British literature. The pathogenesis and aetiology of this primary demyelinating disease are considered. PMID- 7301677 TI - Pendred's syndrome - consequences of thyroidectomy. AB - A 73-year-old-man with Pendred's syndrome is described who presented with hypoparathyroidism and tracheal compression 31 years after thyroidectomy. PMID- 7301678 TI - Aldosterone-producing microadenoma in a patient with primary aldosteronism. AB - A 54-year-old patient was found to have an aldosterone-producing microadenoma measuring 2.5 mm in diameter. Although adrenal venography by selective catheterization had failed to demonstrate the tumour, adrenal scintiscan using 131I-19-iodocholesterol accurately localized the functional tumour in the right adrenal gland; a dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintiscan revealed complete suppression of radioactivity in the right adrenal gland. These findings suggest that adrenal scintiscan, together with adrenal vein blood analysis, is capable of detecting a small adenoma before surgery, and that dexamethasone suppression of an adrenal scintiscan does not exclude an adenoma. PMID- 7301679 TI - Endometriosis of the colon. PMID- 7301681 TI - Anorexia nervosa with herpes simplex encephalitis. PMID- 7301680 TI - The changing pattern of toxicity of digoxin. AB - Toxicity to digoxin was monitored in 437 consecutive recipients in a comprehensive drug surveillance programme, Adverse reactions developed in 19.5% and, in contrast to previous reports, were generally of a relatively benign nature. There were no drug-related deaths, but patients with adverse reactions spent longer in hospital. Low body weight, impaired renal function, old age and concurrent use of diuretics individually did not increase the risk of toxicity. This was attributed to improvements in the prescribing of digoxin. There was a highly significant excess of gastrointestinal reactions in women, which tended to occur early in the course of therapy. This susceptibility is not widely recognized. The use of loading doses may have caused many early reactions and it is suggested that this practice cold be abandoned in all but the most urgent cases. PMID- 7301682 TI - Reversible hypothyroidism after steroid replacement for Addison's disease. AB - An insulin-requiring diabetic patient who developed Addison's disease is described. At diagnosis, investigations revealed biochemical hypothyroidism and these abnormalities resolved after replacement therapy for the adrenal failure only. The possible mechanism of this change is discussed in relation to the presence of organ-specific antibodies. PMID- 7301683 TI - Hypohyperparathyroidism: a model for renal osteodystrophy? AB - A child who presented with features of renal osteodystrophy but with normal renal function is described. Improvement occurred both on large doses of vitamin D and small doses of 1, alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (1, alpha-OHD3). Investigations suggested that the primary defect was an impaired renal response to parathyroid hormone. The relationship between renal osteodystrophy, abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism and hypohyperparathyroidism is discussed and an alternative hypothesis for the development of renal bone disease suggested. PMID- 7301684 TI - Orogenital ulcers, SLE and hydralazine. AB - The case is reported of a man developing drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus while taking hydralazine. The illness was characterized by arthritis and a purpuric rash particularly in the light-sensitive areas as well as orogenital and cutaneous ulceration. Anti-nuclear antibody and DNA binding were positive. All clinical manifestations disappeared on withdrawal of hydralazine. PMID- 7301685 TI - Oesophago-aortic fistula. PMID- 7301686 TI - A case of prenylamine toxicity showing the torsade de pointes phenomenon in sinus rhythm? AB - A case of torsade de pointes attributed to prenylamine is described. In addition, the authors show QRS axis variation of a similar nature in sinus rhythm. It is postulated that these changes of QRS axis direction, seen in ventricular tachycardia and sinus rhythm, are both manifestations of partial refractoriness, within the ventricle, producing gross changes in the mean QRS vector. PMID- 7301687 TI - Myocardial infarction in familial hyper-alpha and hypo-beta-lipoproteinaemia. AB - This is the documentation of an acute myocardial infarction in a 45-year-old woman with familial hyper-alpha- and hypo-beta-lipoproteinaemia. This dyslipoproteinaemia has been rarely associated with clinical evidence of ischaemic heart disease. Documentation of angiographically normal coronary arteries in this patient is consistent with the concept that increased alpha lipoprotein (HDL) and low beta-lipoprotein (LDL) may prevent atherosclerosis. Thus, myocardial infarction in patients with this dys-lipoproteinaemia should be attributable to factors other than coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 7301688 TI - Myocardial infarction - a rare complication in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. AB - A 29-year-old man with previous Henoch-Schonlein disease presented with multiple systemic emboli and a myocardial infarction. Subsequent investigation by angiography showed normal coronary arteries. This appears to be the first reported case of Henoch-Schonlein disease and myocardial infarction probably due to coronary vasculitis. PMID- 7301689 TI - Hepatic artery aneurysm following cholecystectomy. AB - A rare case is reported of an hepatic artery aneurysm developing 5 months after cholecystectomy. This presented as massive haemobilia as a result of the aneurysm communicating with the cystic duct stump. The diagnosis was delayed owing to the complicating features of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and jejunal diverticulosis. PMID- 7301690 TI - Death from a sharp stone. A fatal case of haemobilia. PMID- 7301691 TI - Renal involvement in Gaucher's disease. AB - A patient with chronic Gaucher's disease is described who developed glomerulopathy 24 years after splenectomy terminating in renal failure. The pathological changes of this very rare complication of Gaucher's disease are described. The few similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed and the possible pathogenetic pathways discussed. PMID- 7301692 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver with membranous glomerulonephritis. AB - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is an uncommon disorder, the main consequence of which is portal hypertension, hepatocellular decompensation being uncommon. A case associated with membranous glomerulonephritis is reported, in which death was caused by fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 7301693 TI - Vomiting due to gastric stasis as the presenting feature in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7301694 TI - Hypokalaemia in leukaemia. PMID- 7301695 TI - A practical approach to the investigation of the hyperprolactinaemic patient. AB - Pituitary function was assessed in 39 patients with previously untreated hyperprolactinaemia. Primary hypothyroidism, drug-induced hyperprolactinaemia and chronic renal failure were excluded in all patients. All of the 22 patients (group 1), who had either a normal pituitary fossa or a minor radiological change on lateral skull X-ray, had completely normal pituitary function with the exception of 2 who were partially growth hormone-deficient. However, 9 of the 17 patients with macroadenomas (group 2) had a deficit of one or more anterior pituitary hormones. After the lateral skull X-ray 13 patients in group 1 had further neuroradiological investigations. In only one was a minor abnormality noted which had not been observed on the plain film and this was not of practical significance. In centres where hyperprolactinaemic patients with a normal pituitary fossa or a minor radiological change on lateral skull X-ray are treated with bromocriptine, further neuroradiological investigations and dynamic tests of pituitary function are not required. PMID- 7301696 TI - Blood pressure variability: the effects of repeated measurement. AB - A series off 3 BP measurements were carried out on 2 groups of people. People not accustomed to BP measurements showed a decrease in pressure between the 1st and 3rd cuff inflation, while people trained to having their BP measured showed no such change. Measurement of the BP of 111 people on 2 successive occasions 8 days apart showed that the mean BP of the whole group decreased between visits. Approximately one third of the people showed a drop in pressure bringing them from borderline hypertension to normotension between the 2 visits. People whose BP dropped substantially between the 1st and 2nd visits achieved higher anxiety scores on a questionnaire than did the remainder of the sample. This may partially explain their labile BP. Single measurements tend to overestimate the BP and the frequency of hypertension. Training experimental subjects by repeated measurement of their BP may be useful in preventing spurious BP changes unrelated to experimental manoeuvres. PMID- 7301697 TI - Tuberculosis in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Study from an endemic area. AB - One hundred and fifty patients requiring maintenance haemodialysis were investigated to determine the incidence and pattern of tuberculosis. Twenty patients were found to have tuberculosis, giving an incidence of 13.3 times that of the general population. The most frequent clinical presentations of tuberculosis in these patients were pyrexia, pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic difficulties were encountered in 7 patients in whom therapeutic trial with anti-tubercular drugs had to be undertaken. Two patients died from tuberculosis. Five patients received renal transplants after initial treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 7301699 TI - Encephalitis and polyneuritis complicating varicella zoster infection. PMID- 7301698 TI - Septicaemia in the elderly. AB - A retrospective study was made of 44 elderly patients with bacteraemia treated in the period 1974-1980. Positive blood cultures in 5 cases were considered clinically insignificant. Twenty-six of the remaining 39 patients were found to have a Gram-negative bacteraemia, mainly associated with urinary tract infection. Abnormalities of liver function were common but 5 jaundiced patients with Gram negative infection were shown to have stones in the common bile duct. The value of blood cultures as a diagnostic aid in the non-specifically ill elderly patient is emphasized. PMID- 7301700 TI - Failure to thrive associated with the Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome. PMID- 7301701 TI - Partial end organ resistance to thyroid hormone in congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7301702 TI - Pachydermoperiostosis (idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy). PMID- 7301703 TI - Recurrent erythema nodosum and pulmonary sarcoidosis. PMID- 7301704 TI - Polymyositis associated with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7301705 TI - Bronchial carcinoma presenting as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. AB - A 68-year-old man presented with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Investigation revealed underlying bronchial carcinoma. A positive direct Coombs' test failed to revert to negative after removal of the primary tumour. This suggested the presence of metastases which was subsequently shown. The possible significance and origin of the autoantibody is discussed. PMID- 7301706 TI - Primary thrombocythaemia following splenectomy. PMID- 7301707 TI - Arterial embolization in the management of liver tumour with recurrent hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7301708 TI - Exercise-induced anterior tibial compartment compression syndrome in the elderly. PMID- 7301709 TI - Receptors in the future. AB - Studies of receptor classification, operation and organization will be instrumental in our future understanding of cellular communication. Improved accuracy in categorizing ligands and in the experimental measurement of their reacting parameters, characterization of the working parts of receptors by noncatalytic biochemistry and new experimental developments in the dynamics, ontogeny and phylogeny of receptors may eventually unravel the code of action of hormones and drugs. PMID- 7301710 TI - Agonist potencies of tryptamine derivatives at pre- and postjunctional receptors in canine saphenous vein. AB - Strips form canine saphenous veins were incubated with (3H)-noradrenaline and mounted for superfusion. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT inhibited the release of tritium caused by sustained electrical stimulation (2 Hz, 150 mA, 0.1 msec) being about 10 times more potent than noradrenaline. 5-HT inhibited contractions induced by intermittent electrical stimulation at 2 Hz but increased the tone of the preparations in the absence of stimulation. Agonist potencies of tryptamine derivatives at prejunctional 5-HT receptors were determined by calculating those concentrations which would reduce the contractile effect of 2 Hz to that of 1 Hz, agonist potencies at postjunctional 5-HT receptors were determined by estimating the concentration which produces 50% of maximum response (pD2 values). Comparison of the agonist potencies at pre- and postjunctional receptors of various tryptamine derivatives suggest that in canine saphenous vein the two types of 5 HT receptor are structurally similar. PMID- 7301711 TI - [Three new cases of pulmonary fibrosis in finishers of tools reinforced with tungsten carbide (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of three new cases of pulmonary fibrosis due to heavy metals, the authors review the various clinical, radiological and respiratory function test criteria which lead to the diagnosis of this type of occupational fibrosis. This is an uncommon disease (21 cases published up to the present in France), insufficiently known, but with significant and sometimes severe risks. On July 19th 1980, the disease was added to the list of occupational diseases with No 70. PMID- 7301712 TI - [The prognostic significance of pulmonary arterial hypertension in chronic obstructive airway disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 175 cases of chronic obstructive airway disease (most often chronic bronchitis) with severe ventilatory deficit in the majority of cases, the prognostic value of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and other respiratory function parameters (FEV1, blood gases) was studied by calculation of survival rates using the actuarial method. The patients were cathetherised between 1968 and 1972 and the maximum period of follow-up is 10 years. The results demonstrated the definite prognostic value of PAP : 4 and 7 year survival rates were markedly different according to whether initial PAP was above or below 20 mmHg. However other haemodynamic (motor pressure through the pulmonary circulation) and non-haemodynamic (FEV1, PaCO2) parameters also would appear to be as useful as PAP in predicting survival in such patients. The prognosis is particularly bad in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAP greater than 30 mmHg). In this type of study, it is essential to bear in mind the influence of age. Survival rates differed significantly according to whether the subjects were over 60 years in age initially. PMID- 7301713 TI - [Gas exchanges on effort in diffuse pulmonary emphysema (author's transl)]. AB - With the aim of determining the causes of hypoxia which develops on effort in certain emphysema sufferers, gas exchange at rest and effort were studied in 28 patients with diffuse pulmonary emphysema (including one third with large bullous form), with the exclusion of any clinical evidence of bronchitis or asthma. These patients, selected on the basis of the similarity of their clinical, radiological, mechano-spirographic and diffusion criteria, behaved very differently in terms of their gas exchanges during a moderate effort (mean VO2 = 750 ml/mn). The first group of 12 subjects showed a significant fall in pO2 (- 10.5 mmHg on average). The second group of 16 subjects improved by 4 mmHg hypoxaemia present at rest (though more marked than in the first group). The various parameters studied of ventilation, blood gases, and diffusion appeared to indicate a preponderant role played by distributive problems, and in particular the Qs/Qt ratio (calculated on the Fenn and Rahn pO2 and pCO2 diagram) which worsened on effort in the first group whilst it improved in the second, as well as the greater degree of desaturation of mixed venous blood on effort in the first group. The difficulties of a valid physiopathological interpretation are emphasized. PMID- 7301714 TI - [Silicosis with a rapid and pseudo-tumoral course occurring in a case of pre existant progressive and treated pulmonary sarcoidosis in a miner little exposed to silicosis risk : sarcoido-silicosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the case of a miner suffering from pulmonary and nodal sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids where during a multivisceral exacerbation with iritis and erythema nodosum there developed rapidly progressive pseudo-tumoral silicosis. Pulmonary and nodal biopsies by thoracotomy revealed silicotic masses in the upper lobe, penetrated and bordered by sarcoid granulomas. In the middle lobe and hilar nodes, only sarcoid process was present. This new entity, sarcoido-silicosis, follows its own course, insensitive to corticosteroids. By virtue of its immune status, sarcoidosis favourised the rapid development of silicosis, the latter being unexpected since exposure had been moderate. Deficiency in the elimination of silica particles from the lungs is discussed. A trial of treatment using aluminium hydroxy-allantoinate did not lead to any conclusion. PMID- 7301715 TI - [The postoperative course in 82 cases of bronchiectasis (author's transl)]. AB - After a description of their clinical and radiological characteristics, the authors analyse the postoperative course in 82 cases of bronchiectasis. Whilst the severity of postoperative complications tends to decrease, a large number remains. Long term results were good in 82% of cases but were related to the age of the patients, and the extent of the lesions and the excision. As a result, success is dependent upon the decision concerning the indication for surgery, but also the quality of postoperative surveillance which must be rigorous. PMID- 7301716 TI - [Transbronchial lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - Two hundred and fifty eight transbronchial lymph node biopsies using a Menghini type needle 1.5 mm in diameter were performed in 193 patients with a radiological and clinical picture suggestive of sarcoidosis. In 73 cases, the histological argument for the diagnosis was provided solely by this technique. The combination of two methods of obtaining material (multiple biopsies and transbronchial puncture) during rigid bronchoscopy led to a histological diagnosis in 77.7% of patients. The authors emphasize the relative safety of the method, as well as its value when material obtained by fibroscopy has proven to be unsatisfactory. PMID- 7301717 TI - [Current deaths due to tuberculosis in France. Analysis of 126 deaths recorded in tuberculosis sufferers in 1975 and 1976 in the Bas-Rhin region (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a study involving 103 cases of death during active tuberculosis and 23 cases of death as a result of complications related to sequelae of tuberculosis recorded in the Bas-Rhin region in 1975 and 1976. Whilst amongst these 103 deaths, the majority concerned elderly individuals, there were nevertheless 20% of deaths due to tuberculosis below the age of 55. The majority of these tuberculosis sufferers had advanced pulmonary lesions where specific therapy had not had time to act. A certain number of deaths could have been avoided, even in the elderly subjects. Of the 23 cases of death due to sequelae, 2/3 died of respiratory failure and 1/5 of secondary aspergillus infection, illustrating the grave prognosis in certain sequelae of tuberculosis. PMID- 7301718 TI - [Regional pulmonary function in unilateral sero-fibrinous pleural effusions and changes under the influence of treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The regional distribution of ventilation (Vr), perfusion (Qr) (expressed in absolute values) and the regional distribution of ventilated lung volume, of ventilation and of perfusion (expressed as %) were studied using Xenon 133 in 13 subjects with a unilateral pleural effusion of proven or presumed tuberculous origin. The examinations were performed in a sitting position. The initial examination was carried out after as complete an evacuation as possible of the fluid effusion. Eight subjects underwent a follow-up examination after two months treatment with tuberculostatic agents combined with daily respiratory physiotherapy. The initial results emphasized the following points: - in absolute values, a deficit in ventilation on the involved side affecting the 3 regions explored without any similar change in perfusion ; a hyperventilation on the controlateral upper and middle regions ; - in relative values, a slight deficit in ventilated volume and perfusion localised at the base, whilst the deficit in ventilation was more marked and more extensive. After treatment the contribution to ventilation of the involved side increased on average by 6%. However this improvement only concerned the lower territory. The mechanisms of impairment of regional function and its improvement under the influence of treatment are discussed. PMID- 7301719 TI - Strain variation in 59Fe absorption during aflatoxicosis. AB - Strain variation of iron absorption in response to dietary aflatoxin was studied using two commercial broiler strains and a nonselected randombred strain. Aflatoxin depressed chick body weights and increased mortalities in each strain. Hematocrits were significantly reduced in the commercial broilers receiving the toxin, but not in the randombreds. Aflatoxin reduced iron absorption in each strain regardless of the presence of anemia. PMID- 7301720 TI - Some genetic parameters involving poststress performance traits in chickens. AB - Genetic parameters of several economic traits associated with an 18 week period of poststress egg production were estimated in a randombred population of 1800 White Leghorn hens. Genetic correlations among 6 of 11 traits associated with poststress egg production were different (P less than .05) between the control and stress groups. Earlier maturing birds recovered from stress sooner than later maturing birds and had higher egg production. Early egg production (20 to 40 weeks of age) was a better indicator of poststress egg production (55 to 73 weeks of age) in the stress group than in the control group. Rate of lay from the 9th to the 18th week after stress was higher in the stress group, but overall poststress rate of lay was higher in the control group. PMID- 7301721 TI - Effect of dietary aflatoxin on hemostasis of young turkey poults. AB - Young turkey poults fed graded levels of aflatoxin (0, 125, 250, and 500 microgram/kg) from hatching for 3 weeks displayed altered hemostasis, manifested in prolonged prothrombin times at 2 and 3 weeks of age. Body weights were only affected in those groups receiving 500 microgram/kg. Total plasma protein, fibrinogen, and plasma calcium were reduced in response to dietary aflatoxin. In comparison with chickens, which exhibit similar hemostatic dysfunction concomitant with reduced body weight, turkeys receiving aflatoxin at lower levels exhibited an altered hemostatic response without exhibiting depressed body weights. Thus, the turkey hemostatic system is a better indicator of aflatoxicosis than is body weight gain. PMID- 7301722 TI - Effect of ozone exposure on growth, nutritional encephalopathy, and fatty acid composition of cerebellum and lungs in the young chick. PMID- 7301723 TI - Relationship of pen height to bone strength of broilers. AB - Broilers reared in cages have a high incidence of wing breakage during processing. Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of cage dimensions and floor types on bone breaking strength and wing breakage during processing. Broilers were fed commercial-type diets and processed through the pickers at a commercial processing plant or a research facility. Broken bones were detected by palpation, and humeri and tibia were removed. Breaking strength was determined for the humeri and tibia with a testing instrument. Incidence of breast blisters, crooked keels, follicle infection, fleshing downgrades, and slabsidedness were determined in one trial. Cage height was the major factor affecting wing breakage and humerus strength. Incidence of wing breakage for broilers on wire floors with cages .64 m high was not significantly different from that of control broilers reared on litter with ceiling 2.54 m high. Humerus breaking strength was significantly reduced in two of three trials by the .64-m high ceiling. Cage rearing increased the incidence of crooked keels and feather follicle infections. PMID- 7301724 TI - Synergism between aflatoxin and ochratoxin A in broiler chickens. AB - A 2 X 2 factorial experimental design consisting of four treatments (0, 2.5 microgram/g aflatoxin, 2.0 microgram/g ochratoxin A, and 2.5 microgram/g aflatoxin + 2.0 microgram/g ochratoxin A) with six replicates of 10 birds each was used to evaluate the synergism between aflatoxin and ochratoxin A. The chicks (Hubbard X Hubbard) were maintained on these dietary treatments from hatching until they reached 3 weeks of age, when the experiment was terminated. The size of the liver, spleen, pancreas, and proventriculus was significantly (P less than .05) altered by the individual toxins; however, a synergistic effect on the size of these organs was not observed. The kidney and gizzard were sensitive to the coincident exposure to these mycotoxins and were significantly (P less than .05) enlarged. The kidney was the most sensitive organ to the combined toxicity of aflatoxin and ochratoxin A, and nephropathy was the most important characteristic of this interaction. The synergism between aflatoxin and ochratoxin A significantly (P less than .05) decreased growth rate and numerically increased mortality, demonstrating the enhanced toxicity of cocontaminated feed. Liver lipid levels were significantly (P less than .05) increased by aflatoxin and decreased by ochratoxin A. The interaction of both mycotoxins on this parameter was significant (P less than .05) and the combined effect demonstrates that ochratoxin A inhibited lipid accumulation normally induced by aflatoxin. The data show that toxicity-enhancing synergisms exist between mycotoxins and that symptom patterns are altered during multiple mycotoxicoses. The data also demonstrate that nephropathy is the primary effect of this interaction and, thus, is of diagnostic importance. PMID- 7301726 TI - The airborne microflora of poultry houses. AB - Two experiments were conducted to compare effects of housing temperatures and bird density on the airborne microflora of poultry houses. Temperatures of 15.6 and 26.7 C were used with birds housed at densities of .42 or .84 m3 per bird. Air samples were taken using a New Brunswick STA 200 microbiological air sampler. Numbers of aerobic, anaerobic, coliform and lactic acid bacteria, and molds were determined by plate counts with numbers of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus determined by most probable numbers procedures. Microorganisms were identified by picking representative colonies from plates and inoculating into differential media for biochemical tests. Higher bird density (.42 m3/bird) resulted in greater numbers of airborne microorganisms in both experiments. Fifteen genera of bacteria were identified with two or more species identified for eight genera. Among the most commonly identified aerobic genera were Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus, while four species of Clostridia were the most frequently identified anaerobes. Nine genera of molds were identified with over one-half of all isolates being either Aspergillus or Penicillium. Microorganisms represented only a small fraction of the airborne particulate matter in the study. PMID- 7301725 TI - The effect of methoprene as a feed additive on house fly emergence in poultry houses. AB - Field trials were conducted in 1974 and 1975 using an encapsulated formulation of methoprene (AltosidTM) applied as a feed additive at rates of 7.5 and 10.0 ppm (AI in feed) to control Musca domestica L. in poultry houses. Only limited inhibition of house fly emergence was obtained. In addition, the percentage of house fly emergence in each trial gradually increased as the season progressed. Comparison bioassays were conducted at the end of the 1975 season between field pressured strains and lab-reared susceptible strains. Results from the field trials and comparison bioassays indicated that the causes of the poor inhibition were an existing cross-resistance to methoprene followed by an induction of resistance resulting from the continuous exposure to methoprene. PMID- 7301727 TI - An evaluation of the true metabolizable energy assay for monitoring the apparent metabolizable energy values of poultry diets. AB - Samples of 35 diets were obtained from five different regions of Canada. The true metabolizable energy (TME) of these diets was measured with mature White Leghorn cockerels. The N-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (MEn) values, calculated from average analysis figures, were supplied by the feed manufacturers. The relationship between TME and MEn was examined in two ways. First, the MEn values were multiplied by 1.097, the factor to convert MEn to TME derived by Sibbald (1977), and the results were compared with the corresponding determined TME values. The percent difference between the estimated and determined TME values were for Alberta from -7.1 to 3.1; for Manitoba from -9.8 to 5.4; for the Maritimes for -.3 to 10.8; for Ontario from -3.9 to 14.7, and for Saskatchewan from -4.2 to 5.7. Second, the ratio of determined TME:MEn for the various diets was calculated. The ratios varied considerably both within a region and between regions, ranging for Alberta from 1.063 to 1.176; for Manitoba from 1.041 to 1.204; for the Maritimes for .990 to 1.102; for Ontario from .957 to 1.141, and for Saskatchewan from 1.036 to 1.144. These data suggest that the TME assay could not be used to accurately monitor the MEn content of diets in commercial practice. However, this may have been due to imprecision in the TME data or in the MEn values or both. PMID- 7301728 TI - Effect of trivalent chromium on hepatic lipogenesis by the turkey poult. AB - Trivalent chromium (Cr+3) supplemented to a low-protein diet, 23% crude protein, significantly improved 21--day rate of gain of turkey poults. Hepatic lipogenesis from glucose was increased about 60% by Cr+3 supplementation. The majority of glucose incorporation was for fatty acid synthesis, although Cr+3 supplementation also enhanced synthesis of nonsaponifiable lipid and glycerol (P less than .01). The increased rates of lipogenesis by poults supplemented with Cr+3 did not affect liver lipid concentration. Starvation and refeeding induced a hyperlipogenic overshoot of glucose incorporation into fatty acids and glycerol. Chromium-supplemented poults had increased rates of fatty acid and glycerol synthesis from the glucose substrate, and increased concentration of liver lipid in comparison to control poults subjected to starvation and refeeding. Plasma concentration of free fatty acid was not affected by dietary treatment, but was reduced below basal values by starvation and refeeding (P less than .01). Plasma glucose level was not affected by dietary treatment or starvation, but was increased by refeeding (P less than .01). Apparently Cr+3 increased the rate of conversion of glucose to acetyl-CoA (glucose uptake). PMID- 7301729 TI - Effect of dietary cereal grain, citrus pectin, and guar gum on liver fat in laying hens and young chicks. AB - One laying hen and three chick experiments were conducted to study the effect of cereal grains, citrus pectin, and guar gum on liver fat of chicks and hens and on serum cholesterol of chicks. Feeding of wheat, rye, or 2% pectin in place of corn reduced liver fat content. The decrease in liver fat of hens fed wheat or rye was larger than that of those fed 2% pectin (P less than .05). The smallest amount of liver fat was found in livers of hens fed the rye diet. Wheat or pectin did not affect egg production of egg weight, but rye caused a significant decline in egg production in comparison with other treatments. Addition of 4% pectin or 2% guar gum to the corn control diet lowered liver fat, serum cholesterol (P less than .05), and body weight in chicks (P less than .05). Penicillin added to the diets containing 2% guar gum gave an increase in body weight (P less than .05) but had no effect on body weight of chicks fed diets containing 4% pectin. In contrast, pectinase prevented growth depression by pectin and guar gum. Pectinase also increased liver fat and serum cholesterol of birds fed the diet containing pectin or guar gum. When the corn control diet was pair-fed to the pectin diet, growth of the pair-fed chicks was better than that of the pectin-fed birds but was lower than that of birds fed the control diet ad libitium. Pectin-fed birds again had lower liver fat the serum cholesterol than the control birds. The reduced feed intake of chicks pair-fed the corn control diet had no effect on liver fat content. PMID- 7301730 TI - Influence of water deprivation on water consumption, growth, and carcass characteristics of ducks. AB - Two-week-old White Pekin ducks were granted access to water either 4, 6, 8, 16, or 24 hr per day for a period of 4 weeks. The effects of water deprivation on water consumption, growth parameters, and carcass traits were determined. Compared to all other treatments, ducks allowed access to water for 4 hr per day had significantly lower (P less than .05) water intake, body weight, and feed consumption. Increasing water access time to either 6, 8, or 16 hr per day significantly increased (P less than .05) water consumption. Further significant increases in water consumption were not found when ducks were granted access to water for 24 hr per day. Prediction equations are presented for estimating daily intake of water for each treatment. There were no significant differences in final body weight or total feed consumption among ducks on the 6, 8, and 16 hr treatments. Overall feed conversion did not differ significantly among the treatments. No distinct relationship between length of water deprivation and yield of breast meat were observed. The advantages and disadvantages of limiting commercial ducks access to water for 8 hr per day in order to reduce water consumption are discussed. PMID- 7301731 TI - Gluconeogenesis in isolated chicken hepatocytes: effect of fatty acids, beta hydroxybutrate, ethanol, and various pyruvate/lactate ratios. AB - The effect of fatty acids beta-hydroxybutyrate, ethanol, and different pyruvate/lactate ratios on gluconeogenesis in isolated chicken hepatocytes was investigated. Glucogenesis was significantly affected by a change in the oxidation-reduction (pyruvate/lactate) ratio, and this effect was greater than could be accounted for by the additive effects of these substrates. Substituting lactate with nongluconeogenic substrates, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate or ethanol, increased the formation of glucose by 80 and 200%, respectively, demonstrating the beneficial effect of the increased reducing equivalents in the hepatocytes. Oleic acid per se had no effect but when added complexed with albumin, it had a negative effect on gluconeogenesis. PMID- 7301732 TI - The serum protein pattern of chickens during the early growing period using crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Electrophoretic pattern of the blood serum proteins from 8 chicks of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days of age was determined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The chicks at 1 day of age had low levels of albumin and high levels of IgG, beta-lipoprotein, and transferrin. The albumin increased gradually to attain high levels by 21st day. The IgG levels, however, showed a considerable decline up to the 14th day. The beta-lipoprotein levels also decreased considerably on the 7th day. The transferrin levels showed a gradual decline. The IgM appeared as a faint precipitate on the 7th day. The cholinesterase showed transition from an initial low level at 1 day to a subsequent relatively high level at 7 to 21 days. The arylesterase in day-old chicks was higher than in chicks of 7 to 21 days of age. PMID- 7301733 TI - Dwarfism in diverse genetic backgrounds. 4. Effects of dietary energy. AB - The interactions in the response of dwarf and normal genotypes to dietary energy were studied in lines of chickens divergently selected for high or low juvenile body weight. The genetic background of the dwarf genotype significantly affected body weights, egg production, and egg quality. The dietary energy levels used did not significantly affect these traits or the differences due to genetic background. Dwarf chickens were able to adapt to wide ranges of dietary energy when the diets contained sufficient crude protein. PMID- 7301734 TI - Abdominal and carcass fat in five broiler strains. AB - Ten males and 10 females from each of five commercial broiler strains were weighed and slaughtered at 55 days of age. Over all, mean live body weight was 2112 g for males and 1702 g for females and abdominal fat was 2.9% (males) and 3.3% (females). Mean total fat in whole bird was 13.4% (males) and 15.1% (females). There were no statistically significant differences between strains at the 5% level. Correlation coefficients with percent abdominal fat were .29 for body weight (males) and .36 (females), for percent carcass fat .51 (males) and .77 (females), and for fat free carcass .26 (males) and .07 (females). Abdominal fat represented 22% of the total fat for males and females. The results obtained were similar to those found previously in this laboratory with one strain of broilers. PMID- 7301735 TI - Role of water in regulating feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers. AB - Three trials were conducted to investigate the influence of restricting feed and water intake levels of a fast-growing selected broiler line to the same feed and water intake levels of a nonselected line and to investigate the relationship of water/feed ratios to feed conversion (feed/grain) ratios. The water intake of birds from the selected line on feed restriction was similar to that of birds from the selected line not on feed restriction from 1 to 14 days. However, restriction of water intake of selected line birds resulted in feed intake similar to that of nonselected line birds. From 1 to 14 days, feed conversions of the feed-restricted selected line birds were similar to those of the selected line birds not on feed restriction. Feed conversions of the water-restricted selected line birds were similar to those of nonselected line birds. The maximum deviation in water intake between the selected and nonselected lines was observed before the maximum deviation in feed intake between the two lines; and the maximum deviation in feed intake was observed before the maximum deviation in body weight. Data presented indicate that high water/feed ratios are associated with low feed/gain ratios. PMID- 7301736 TI - Effect of oxytetracycline as a turkey feed additive. AB - Turkeys were given oxytetracycline (OTC) as a feed supplement at levels of 0 g, 50 g, and 200 g OTC per ton of feed. After 8, 16, and 18 weeks the birds were sacrificed and bacteria were isolated from heart blood and liver tissue. When these isolates were tested for resistance against eight antibiotics, a direct correlation was observed between the level of supplement and the level of antibiotic resistance in the bacterial isolates. In postmortem studies on the livers from birds consuming both levels of OTC, an increase in the occurrence of lesions was observed. The livers from control birds appeared to have more granulomas. PMID- 7301737 TI - The effect of sodium fluoride on egg production, egg quality, and bone strength of caged layers. AB - The development of bone fragility in caged layers is a major problem in the poultry industry. The incidence of bone breakage during the processing of spent hens substantially reduces the economic return from these birds. In two trials, a commercial strain of White Leghorn pullets was used. In each trial, one-day-old chicks were divided into two groups, wing banded, and placed in floor pens. The treated group received fluoridated water at levels up to 300 ppm. The control group of birds received only well water. At 20 weeks of age, birds from each group were transferred to one of two laying batteries. One battery of birds received fluoridated water (100 ppm F). The other served as a control and those birds received only well water. Production rate, egg weight, shell strength, shell thickness, and Haugh units were determined for each bird. At 45 weeks of age, the humeri and tibiae were removed, and bone strength, percentage of bone ash, and fluoride content were determined. Combined data from both trials showed that the fluoride treatment increased the breaking strength of humeri from 6.86 to 13.35 kg and that of tibiae from 6.61 to 13.10 kg. The fluoride treatment also significantly (P less than .01) increased the percentage of bone ash. Egg quality and rate of production were not reduced by the fluoride treatment. PMID- 7301738 TI - Influence of age and sex of growing broiler chicks and body weight of roosters on their endogenous and metabolic energy losses. AB - Two experiments were conducted to study the influence of age, sex, body weight, and strain of the bioassay bird on its 24-hr combined endogenous urinary and metabolic fecal energy (Yec) losses, expressed as kJ/100 g body weight per 24 hr. In the first experiment, one-day-old broiler chicks of mixed sexes were used and their Yec losses determined at 18, 32, 47, 62, 77, 92, and 107 days of age. In the second experiment, the Yec losses of four White Leghorn roosters were determined at 122 days of age only. Birds were fed a commercial broiler-starter diet through-out the experimental period. It was concluded that the sex of the broiler chick between 18- and 107-days of age does not affect the Yec losses, i.e., the energy the unfed bird loses daily per unit body weight in its voided excreta. However, the average Yec losses expressed (either per unit body weight or per unit body size, Wkg.75 were influenced by age. The Yec losses showed a progressive fall as broiler chicks progressed in age between 18 and 77 days of age and later were stabilized at a minimum between 77 and 107 days of age. As the observed decrease in the Yec losses with increases in age followed a similar trend to that reported in the literature for the basal metabolic rate (BMR) energy needs of the chick, it was tentatively concluded that the Yec losses of broiler chicks vary with age according to the BMR energy needs per unit body weight of the animal. The average Yec losses of White Leghorn roosters at 122 days of age was significantly higher than that of 107-day-old broiler pullets even though the average weight of the rooster was only 53% that of the pullets. It was tentatively concluded that variations existing in the Yec losses of adult birds of same or different strains and sex are mainly attributed to differences in their body composition and BMR energy needs. However, further research is needed in order to verify this conclusion. PMID- 7301739 TI - The effect of altering the cation-anion content with calcium and phosphorus on the digestion of dry matter and amino acids and on energy utilization. AB - Chicks, 30 days old, were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing different concentrations of cation and anion to determine the effect of acid-base balance on the digestion of dry matter and amino acids and on energy utilization. The concentrations of cation and anion were altered by varying the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the diet. Excess cation (cation minus anion) was negatively correlated (P less than .01) to dry matter digestion, amino acid digestion, and nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) content of the diet. The digestion of the individual amino acids was also affected by excess cation in the diet. PMID- 7301740 TI - Relationship between body weight and amino acid excretion in fasted mature cockerels. AB - A study was made of the relationship between body weight and the amino acid (AA) excretion of fasted adult Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels. Thirty birds, maintained on a balanced corn-soy diet and individually housed, were weighed and fasted for 30 hr to rid their alimentary canals of feed residues. They were then carried through another 30 hr fast during which metabolic plus endogenous (M + E) excreta were collected and analyzed for the different AA. There was a significant (P less than .05) correlation between body weight of the birds and the excretion levels of most M + E AA. However, the highest correlation coefficient was of the order of about .45. This meant that the maximum variation in the M + E AA excretion associated with changes in body weight was of the order of only 20%. It is concluded from these results that the use of birds of similar body weight as the basis for determining the correction for M + E AA losses in deriving true AA availability (TAAA) values could generate erroneous data. The implications of basing the correction for M + E AA losses upon a small group of randomly selected birds or upon birds of similar body weight to derive TAAA values are discussed. PMID- 7301741 TI - Effects of branched and straight chain amines and azasteroids on blood and egg cholesterol of White Leghorn chickens. AB - Six branched and straight chain secondary or tertiary amines with chain lengths of 12 to 18 carbons and two azasteroids, 25-aza-5 alpha-cholestane and 25 azacoprostane, were fed to mature White Leghorn hens, and their effectiveness was compared with 20,25-diazacholesterol dihydrochloride (SC-12937), an azasteroid known to lower egg cholesterol. Feed consumption, body weight, egg production, egg and plasma cholesterol and desmosterol, and plasma total lipid were measured. The 6 amines were fed at 200 ppm, and only the C12 branched chain amine N,N,3,711 pentamethyldodecanamine reduced plasma and egg cholesterol with a concomitant increase in desmosterol. After 4 weeks, plasma desmosterol was 0, 13, 60, and 75% of total sterol for control, 200 ppm C12 branched chain amine, 5 ppm diazacholesterol, and 5 ppm azacholestane, respectively. Egg production was severely reduced to 6 and 0% by feeding 5 ppm azacholestane for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, and to 69 and 36% by feeding 5 ppm diazacholesterol. After 4 weeks egg cholesterol was 79 and 36% of the total sterol for the 200 ppm C12 branched chain amine and 5 ppm diazacholesterol, respectively. Concomitant increases in desmosterol accompanied all reductions in cholesterol. The depletion and repletion rates of egg cholesterol were measured in a subsequent experiment. After 2-1/2 weeks of feeding the test substances, egg cholesterol was reduced with concomitant increases in desmosterol. Egg cholesterol was 100, 71, and 50% of the total egg sterol for control, 200 ppm, and 400 ppm C12 branched chain amine, respectively: 58, 13, and 3% for .1, .5, and 1.0 ppm azacholestane; 28, 29, and 18% for 1, 2.5, and 5 ppm azacholesterol; and 23% for 1 ppm azacoprostane. The experimental diets were then withdrawn, and egg cholesterol repletion was studied biweekly. Egg cholesterol was repleted to 100% of the total sterol after withdrawal times of 2 weeks for C12 branched chain amine, 8 weeks for azacoprpostane, 14 to 16 weeks for diazacholesterol, 10 to 16 weeks for the lower levels of azacholestane, and longer than 16 weeks for 1 ppm azacholestane. The increase in desmosterol accompaning the demonstrated reduction in egg cholesterol, particularly with azasteroids, causes one to question the usefulness of this approach to lower cholesterol. PMID- 7301742 TI - Metabolic plus endogenous energy and nitrogen losses of adult cockerels: the correction used in the bioassay for true metabolizable energy. AB - Three experiments were made with adult White Leghorn cockerels to measure the effect of indigestible organic matter on the metabolic fecal and endogenous urinary energy and nitrogen losses. When a cellulose:carboxymethyl cellulose mixture was placed in the crops of fasted birds the energy excreted during the subsequent 24 and 48 hr was greater than, but proportional to, the energy input. The linear regression coefficients were not different (P greater than .05) from unity, indicating that the metabolic and endogenous energy output neither increased nor decreased when cellulose was administered. This finding was confirmed when graded levels of sawdust were fed in place of cellulose. It is concluded that the use of a fasted bird to measure the metabolic and endogenous energy loss, as in the bioassay for true metabolizable energy, is valid and the changes induced by the nature or quantity of dietary fiber are insignificant. Nitrogen excretion was not affected by the feeding of cellulose or sawdust. Excretion increased with the duration of starvation but the difference diminished as the bird aged and became heavier. Nitrogen losses varied greatly among birds but tended to be characteristic of a bird within an experiment. PMID- 7301743 TI - An evaluation of the nitrogen correction in the true metabolizable energy assay. AB - This paper examined the effect of N-correction on the true metabolizable energy (TME) values of mixed diets and single ingredients using mature White Leghorn roosters. The N-corrected TME (TMEn) values were consistently higher than the corresponding TME values, the results being significant (P less than .05) in about one-half of the samples tested. This indicated a net loss in body N in the birds during the experiments. The correlations between N input and N correction were highly (P less than .01) significant. This, however, explained only 46 to 48% of the variation in the TMEn data as being due to differences in the amount of N input. In view of the present results and the abnormal condition (fasted birds) in the TME assay, it is doubtful that birds would retain enough N from a single feeding to revert to a positive body N equilibrium. Therefore, positive N retention in such an assay would be indicative of incomplete feed passage through the birds. This appears to be the only valid reason for applying N correction to TME values. However, the variations associated with N correction of TME data raise some doubt concerning the validity of this assay as compared with the conventional apparent metabolizable energy assay. PMID- 7301744 TI - Dependency of maximum goitrogenic response on some minimal level of thyroid hormone production. AB - Thyroidal activity was studied in chicks given dietary thiouracil in conjunction with daily doses of thyroxine and with diets adequate and deficient in iodine. DL thyroxine administered at doses up to 1.0 microgram per day for 10 to 12 days had no effect or slightly increased thyroid weight. Both the epithelial and colloid components of the thyroid gland were increased in response to thiouracil and to thiouracil in combination with low dosages of exogenous thyroxine. Radioiodine uptake was increased above the control with thiouracil and with thiouracil in conjunction with .5 and 1.0 microgram DL-thyroxine given daily. Birds receiving thiouracil, with and without exogenous thyroxine, showed a different pattern of radioiodine uptake and release than the control birds. Thiouracil-treated birds showed a rapid uptake of iodine following its administration, which was followed by a rapid decline immediately after peak accumulation, whereas in control birds thyroidal radioiodine concentration reached a plateau at the maximum concentration attained. The goitrogenic response to thiouracil was much greater when the diet was supplemented with iodine than when the diet was iodine deficient. Thyroids under iodine deficiency contained greater percentages of epithelial tissue than with iodine-supplemented diets. Thyroid glands of chicks given thiouracil in an iodine-supplemented diet contained much more colloid than glands from iodine-deficient chicks with or without thiouracil. DL-thyroxine at a dosage of .5 microgram per day to chicks given thiouracil in an iodine-adequate diet increased, whereas higher dosages decreased thyroidal colloid. It is concluded that some minimal concentration of thyroid hormone is required for maximum goitrogenic response. It is not clear whether the response is entirely due to an effect on thyrotropin production or whether there is an effect of thyroid hormone on the thyroid gland itself. PMID- 7301745 TI - Antigen responsive cells in unprimed and antigen-primed chickens. AB - The frequency of antigen responsive cells (ARC) specific for mouse red blood cells (MRBC), as measured with the cell transfer assay, was consistently high in the spleen and blood of MRBC-immunized chickens but negligible in unprimed juvenile birds. Practically all of the adoptive antibody formation in the host embryos could be attributed to the presence of ARC's in the cell suspensions from immunized birds and very little to passively acquired donor plaque-forming cells (PFC). When the spleen and blood cells from unprimed donors were retested in the in vivo immune assay, as found before, the host embryos failed to respond to a single MRBC exposure given at the time of cell transfer. However, substantial splenic PFC formation occurred in response to a second MRBC injection given four days later. In addition to the spleen, the peripheral blood of the unprimed and antigen-primed chicken represents a significant reservoir of immunocyte precursors. PMID- 7301746 TI - 153Gadolinium as a useful radiolanthanide for long-term labeling of tissues in Japanese quail. AB - 153Gadolinium (153Gd), with gamma energies of 97 keV (30%) and 103 keV (20%), and a nuclear-life of 242 days and with no primary charged particles, was selected as the radiolanthanide for labeling proteins and tissues in Japanese quail. Ranges of dose-responses 18 hr after giving Gd (153Gd labeled) were: males, livers 24.4% for .00015 mumol/100 g to 63.8% for .15 mumol/100 g; laying females, livers 6.5% for .00015 mumol/100 g to 72.7% for 15 mumol/100 g and growing oocytes 83.2% for .00015 mumol/100 g to 6.4% for 15 mumol/100 g. Accumulation of .015 mumol/100 g doses of 153Gd in tissues common to both sexes were greater in males than in females at 1, 6, and 18 hr. The exception was the pancreas, where for all three sampling times the percentages for females were twice those for males. Comparison of 153Gd with 140lanthanum (140La) showed 18-hr levels of 27%/g liver in males and 1.6%/g liver and 11.8%/g growing oocyte in females for both nuclides. Double labeling with 153Gd and 144cerium (144Ce) showed that a near-toxic dose of La (15 mumol/100 g) caused a marked decrease in labeling of growing oocytes (e.g., largest oocyte, La-treated females, Gd 14.6%, Ce 6.1%; controls Gd 42.2%, Ce 35.5%) and a marked increase in labeling of livers (La-treated, Gd 51.2%, Ce 43.3%; controls; Gd 7.62%, Ce 4.75%). PMID- 7301747 TI - Bile collection and intestinal perfusion in the restrained chicken. PMID- 7301748 TI - Storage and evacuation of spermatozoa from the uterovaginal sperm-host glands in domestic fowl. AB - Autoradiography with 3H-labeled spermatozoa was utilized to study spermatozoal oviductal interrelationships. Results demonstrated that sperm displacement from the uterovaginal sperm-host glands did not occur in domestic fowl. Furthermore, there was no indication that phagocytosis of labeled spermatozoa by sperm gland epithelium occurred. Associated studies demonstrated that extensive head-to-head agglutination occurred between freshly ejaculated spermatozoa, but the ability to agglutinate was lost as the sperm cells aged. On the basis of these observations, it was proposed that agglutination may be the basic mechanism controlling sperm storage and release from the uterovaginal sperm-host glands. A working model to this effect was presented. PMID- 7301750 TI - Intestinal absorption of D-galactose and L-leucine and intestinal disaccharidase activities in growing chickens fed different raw legume diets. AB - A significant (P less than .01) impairment in the rate of growth, along with a significant (P less than .01) inhibition in the rate of in vivo intestinal absorption of D-galactose and L-leucine, and in the in vitro intestinal absorption of D-galactose, was found in growing chickens fed ad libitum over a 60 day period, diets containing the raw legumes Vicia faba, Glycine soja, Vicia ervilia, and Phaseolus vulgaris as the main source of protein. Furthermore, a significant (P less than .01) reduction in the intestinal disaccharidase activity was found in the legume-fed chickens. The possible nature of these effects was discussed. PMID- 7301749 TI - Reduced vitamin a levels of chicks fed anaerobically digested sewage sludge. AB - Diets containing 20% of air-dried anaerobically digested Fort Collins sewage sludge were fed to broiler chicks. The diets were balanced in protein and had the same vitamin and mineral supplement. The sludge diets containing approximately 2,500 ME kcal/kg compared to 3,000 ME kcal/kg in the control feed. Birds gained less body weight on sludge diets and liver vitamin A levels were reduced. Extrusion of cord-sludge mixture prior to diet formulations made the diet much poorer for supporting growth, reduced feed efficiency, and lowered liver vitamin A levels. It was concluded that ingestion of the sewage sludge impaired the utilization of vitamin A from the diet. PMID- 7301751 TI - The performance of Bobwhite quail fed diets containing Lactobacilli. AB - Two experiments were conducted each consisting of two trials. Day-old Bobwhite quail were fed a starter diet containing a microbial preparation of Lactobacilli. In both experiments the experimental diets were fed for 5 weeks. No significant differences in growth, feed efficiency, or mortality were found between the control and Lactobacilli supplemented diets. Mortality was higher than normal within all treatments but unaffected by treatment. PMID- 7301752 TI - The role of the primary care team in the care of the elderly. PMID- 7301753 TI - Graded housing for the elderly. A story of failure. PMID- 7301754 TI - Endogenous carcinogens. PMID- 7301756 TI - Endocrine manifestations of cancer and its treatment. PMID- 7301755 TI - Occupationally related cancer. PMID- 7301757 TI - Smoking, drinking, eating and sex. Some practical aspects of preventing deaths from cancer. PMID- 7301758 TI - Self poisoning. A review of 100 cases. PMID- 7301759 TI - Can recurrent self-poisoning be prevented? A critical review of poisoning in West Fife, 1975-79. PMID- 7301760 TI - Developmental dyslexia. The medical dimension. PMID- 7301761 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of seasonal atopic conjunctivitis. PMID- 7301762 TI - Mandibular sinuses of dental origin. PMID- 7301763 TI - Prescribing for the breast-feeding patient. The current position. PMID- 7301764 TI - An investigation of suspected dinoseb poisoning after the agricultural use of a herbicide. PMID- 7301765 TI - [The contribution of the patient in pharmacotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301767 TI - [Pentastomida/tongue worms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301766 TI - [Allergic reactions to honey bee and wasp venoms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301769 TI - [The psoriasis of the nails (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301768 TI - [Nail responses in non-infectious diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301771 TI - [Tumors in the nail region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301770 TI - [Discoloration (leuconychia) and pigmentation of the nails (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301772 TI - [Surgical therapy of nail diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301773 TI - [The unclear death. Negative trends in legal care and health care]. PMID- 7301774 TI - [Size distribution, forms and variations of glandular tissue of the breast. Histometric examination on the question of the effect of contraceptives on the lobular parenchyma]. PMID- 7301775 TI - [Knowledge of the epithelioid sarcoma]. PMID- 7301776 TI - [Classification of malignant ovarian tumors. Clinical-pathological study of 498 cases]. PMID- 7301777 TI - [Polarization optical and fluorescence optical examinations of local amyloid-like deposits in healthy and chronically inflamed inner organs]. PMID- 7301778 TI - The pattern of interstitial trophoblastic invasion of the myometrium in early human pregnancy. AB - The human placental bed myometrium, studied in 42 intact hysterectomy specimens ranging from 8 to 18 weeks' gestation, is characterized by the presence of large numbers of non-villous invasive cytotrophoblastic cells. Quantitative morphometric analysis reveals a tendency for maximal invasive activity to occur at the centre and, subsequently, to extend centrifugally to produce an annular pattern. Morphological observations suggest that the intimate mixture of cytotrophoblast with myometrial tissue must affect the mechanical properties of the myometrium. Local hormone production by trophoblast may induce or enhance these and other changes in uterine tissues that are essential for the establishment of human placentation. Cytotrophoblastic invasion into the myometrium appears to be restricted to the earlier stages of gestation and morphological evidence indicates that, subsequently, clumps of cytotrophoblast fuse to form multinuclear syncytiotrophoblast, the characteristic placental bed giant cells. PMID- 7301779 TI - The initiation and control of trophoblastic growth in the mouse: binucleation and polyploidy. AB - Initially diploid, pure trophectodermal derivatives were dissociated and grown in culture. Over the 72-hour time course in vitro, uninucleate, binucleate and a small number of multinucleate cells appeared. Moreover, the pattern of binucleation found in these trophoblast cultures resembled that seen during the development of the mouse liver. Thus, the binucleates displayed a progressive increase in nuclear DNA content and the increased DNA values ranged from 2c to 32c. Furthermore, the proportion of uninucleate and binucleate cells changed systematically with growth in vitro and the final binucleate cell population became, on average, 10 to 15 per cent of the total. These results, together with those of other studies, suggest that mouse trophoblast can initially become giant through a binucleate phase. PMID- 7301780 TI - Placental polyploidization: a comparative study in the mouse and the guinea pig. AB - The trophoblastic and endodermal tissues of the guinea pig were cytophotometrically examined at two stages of development, either shortly after the primary trophoblastic giant cell layer had degenerated (Sansom and Hill, 1931) and the visceral yolk sac was starting to form (Kaufman and Davidoff, 1977) (c. 10.5 days p.c. at the egg cylinder stage) or later in gestation, when the yolk sac was well developed (c. 17.5 days p.c. at the neural tub closure stage). Subsequently, the trophoblastic and endodermal tissues of the mouse were analysed in a manner identical to those of the guinea pig. Finally, the nuclear DNA content values from the analysis of the tissues of each species were compared. The results thus obtained indicate firstly that, in the guinea pig, polyploid nuclei also appear within visceral endoderm after the primary trophoblastic giant cells degenerate and, secondly, that placental specialization in the rodents, as originally defined by Mossman (1937), apparently tends towards lower levels of polyploidy within trophoblast and higher levels within the derivatives of visceral endoderm. PMID- 7301781 TI - A survey of local health personnel and decision makers concerning the North Karelia project: a community program for control of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 7301782 TI - Blood pressure determinants in progeny of parents taking or not taking antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 7301783 TI - A psychosocial model of smoking cessation and maintenance of cessation. PMID- 7301784 TI - Blood pressure and body composition changes in women. PMID- 7301785 TI - Smoking habits, knowledge, and attitudes of final year university students in the health professions. PMID- 7301786 TI - Overview: seasonal variations in cholesterol. PMID- 7301787 TI - [Method for determining aflatoxins in plant products]. PMID- 7301788 TI - [Mycotoxin formation during the storage of unprocessed freshly harvested corn]. AB - The formation of mycotoxins by microscopic fungi was studied during experimental storage of freshly harvested corn in cobs and grain at a 26--35% humidity level. During the corn storage in cobs aflatoxins, kojic acid and zearalenon and during the corn storage in grain zearalenon and ochretoxin A were detected in corn. Mycotoxins we found in maximum amounts in the areas of cob storage where the temperature reached 30--45 degrees C due to selfheating. The synthesis of mycotoxins can be arrested or they can be degraded at further temperature rise to 50--60 degrees C. The highest content of zearalenon, ochretoxin A and kojic acid was seen on the 8--12th day after the onset of self-heating. PMID- 7301789 TI - [Primary treatment results in myeloma disease using a cytostatic preparation]. PMID- 7301790 TI - [Medical and social factors in the work capacity expertise of lymphogranulomatosis patients]. PMID- 7301791 TI - [Comparative determination of the anti-HBs level in immunoglobulins prepared in the USSR and Czechoslovak SSR]. PMID- 7301792 TI - [Serum and surface immunoglobulin studies in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 7301794 TI - [Migration of chemical substances out of polyamide textile materials]. AB - A sanitary-chemical study on three kinds textile materials with different percentage content of polyamide silk (PAS) was carried out. Migration of chemicals was studied - low molecular compounds of caprolactam (LMC) and triethanolamine in water extracts of the patterns tested. Thin layer chromatographic and spectrophotocalorimetric methods were employed. The summed up content of LMC of caprolactam was established in the first extracts of 5.0 to 7.0 mg/l for the various kinds of cloth, their proper separation in monomers, dimers, trimers, etc. oligomers being attained by the thin layer chromatographic investigation. Monomer content in the first extracts reaches to 1.15 mg/l, decreasing in the following ones to complete disappearing. At the same time dimers, trimers, etc. oligomers content of caprolactam progressively increases. The presence of triethanolamine and optical bleachers is established in the extracts investigated. The attention of the producers is drawn to a stronger control, still under production conditions, for washing out the residual quantities of non-polymerized oligomers and other chemicals of synthetic polyamide materials, aiming at ensuring harmless and biologically inert clothes. PMID- 7301793 TI - [Heavy metal content in the soils in the area of the Damianov Copper-Extraction Plant in the city of Srednogorie]. AB - A study was carried out on soils for heavy metals content in the region of one of the largest scale enterprises in the country - Copper Extraction Plant "G. Damjanov", Srednogorie town. A sensitive method was used with atom absorption spectrophotometer Perkin Elmer, Model 272, for the determination of the heavy metals investigated: manganese, nickel, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium. The authors investigated soil samples from two horizones: from 0.30 and from 30-60, comparing the results obtained with those in control "pure" soils and with the existing maximum allowable concentration (MAC). Elevation of the quantity of heavy metals in the soils was established, being best manifested with copper and lead, 90% of the samples containing copper over MAC, and with lead-over 33%. PMID- 7301795 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of short-term suburban recreation from the viewpoint of natural climatic and demographic factors]. AB - The importance of recreation grew considerably with the increase of leisure time and cultural level of the workers. In our country, on the other hand, there are no complete hygienic studies on the problems of organization and necessary equipment for recreation. In that connection, hygienic-urbanization, hygienic sociological, microclimatic and physiological studies, as well as investigations on ultraviolet radiation, level of noise and extent of air pollution in some typical recreation places (Sofia and Varna) were carried out. Better conditions were established in nature - town ourskirts environment (as regard ultraviolet radiation, noise level, degree of air pollution, temperature-humidity and radiation microclimate) and their favourable effect on the physiological functions of organism (particularly as regards thermoregulation and cardiovascular system). A dependence was also established between the population recreation needs and social-demographic and nature - climatic factors. Tangible recommendations for the improvement of the state of short-term town outskirts recreation in Sofia and Varna are proposed on the base of the results. PMID- 7301797 TI - [Functional rheoencephalographic studies of the frontomastoid line in work associated with significant neuropsychologic stress]. AB - Rheoencephalographic investigations of frontal-mastoid trace were carried out on 27 clinically healthy subjects - bank women book-keepers, inspectors and women tellers, their labour activity being associated with a considerable nervous psychic strain and high professional responsibility. The data from the investigations revealed certain unfavourable functional changes in the rheoencephalographic indices studied: Light elevation (16%) of amplitude of rheographic wave, asymmetry of 20-88.13% of that index in 51.8 per cent of the subjects examined; asymmetry of the time of rheographic wave spread over 20 per cent in 37 per cent of the case and 55.53 per cent of the subjects examined - moderately manifested vegetative dystonic phenomena. The unfavourable functional changes could be associated with a considerable nervous-psychic strain during the labour activity of the subjects examined. PMID- 7301798 TI - [Early behavioral and neurofunctional deviations following prenatal carbon disulfide exposure]. AB - The effect of prenatal carbon disulphide exposure with a concentration 10 and 0.33 mg/m3 is studied (MAC for a working zone and atmospheric air resp.) upon the behavioural and neurofunctional development of the generation. A neurotoxicological screening was employed for the assessment of the early postnatal development. It was established that carbon disulphide with a MAC level of the working zone, disturbed the postnatal development without inducing congenital malformations, inducing buit sensory, neurofunctional and behavioural deviations. The results stress upon the high sensitivity of the central nervous system of the growing fetus to carbon disulphide and confirm the expedience of the utilization of neurobehavioural testing as a sensitive method for detecting of sequelae of the effect of prenatal stress with low intensity. PMID- 7301796 TI - [Hygienic and physiological evaluation of the instruction during a 5-day school week]. AB - A longitudinal study of development, reactivity and health state of the students from the initial course, trained during five- and six-day school week was carried out under conditions of full-day organization of the training-educational work. Deviations in the hygienic norms of some moments of daily regime, some results from the dynamics of working capacity and high neurotic morbidity with both forms of organization of trainingeducational work, necessitate essential corrections for its rationalization. Apart from all that, the parallel between the results from the examination of the students, trained during five- and six-day school week in the course of three school years, definitely indicate the following: better working capacity towards the end of school day and week, circulation, realized on a more rational base, better strength indices, lower moment somatic affection and acute morbidity, low number of often-sick-students and more completely healthy students, twice lower neurotic morbidity in favour of the students with a five-day school regime. The results obtained from the complex study, determine the effect of five-day school week on working capacity, development and health of the students to be more favourable from health-hygienic positions. PMID- 7301799 TI - [Effect of the intermittent and continuous action of dimethylformamide on adaptation processes]. AB - Two series of experiments were carried out with 960 mg/kg and 3840 mg/kg DMF, applied dermally to albino rats every second, third day and daily as well. The treatment scheme quarantees equitoxic quantities of DMF with a dynamic observation by the 4th, 8th, 14th and 28th day from the beginning of the exposure and after 14 days of rehabilitation. The complex investigation with integral and specific clinical-laboratory tests revealed a cumulation of the toxic effect with progressing changes in the liver function, better manifested with the intermittent regimes. The dose of 3840 mg/kg induced distinct deviations in the lipid metabolism and serum enzymes. In contact with 960 mg/kg DMF, a phase-state was established during the first terms of observation with the development of adaptation under a monotonous effect and absence of restoration -- mainly in case of intermittent effect. Dermal toxicity of DMF should be given consideration in the assessment of the risk from exposure during production of polyacryl fibres. PMID- 7301800 TI - [Embryotropic action of the triazine herbicide polyzin 50]. AB - The embryotropic effect of the new Bulgarian simtriazine herbicide polyzin 50 was studied in an experiment upon 90 pregnant albino rats - Wistar, via inhalation effect in concentrations 2 mg/m3 and 0.2 mg/m3, daily during the whole pregnancy and at a level of 2 mg/m3 during the first trimester of gestation. With both regimes, the preparation has a teratogenic and a more lightly manifested embryotoxic activity. In the absence of general toxic effect upon the pregnant organism, polyzin induces external malformations (hypognathus, oedema), anomalies in the development of the internal organs (hydrocephalus, intracerebral hematoma, hemorrhages in the abdominal cavity, infarctus-like foci in liver) and defects in the ossification of the cranial bones of fetus. The preparation has an embryotoxic activity (increased incidence of subcutaneous hematomas of the fetus), only with the daily penetration in organism of the pregnant animals in a concentration of 2 mg/m3. With both concentrations of antenatal effect of polyzin studied, a functional insufficiency of the liver of the progeny develops during the postnatal development period. On the grounds of the data obtained about the embryotoxic and teratogenic effect of polyzin with its inhalation effect in low concentrations - 2 mg/m3 and 0.2 mg/m3, a recommendation is proposed-prohibition of women's participation in its production at a fertile age. PMID- 7301802 TI - [Effect of the pesticide fundazol on induced sclerotic processes]. AB - The effect of fundazol pesticide (methyl-l-butylcarbamoilbenzimidazol carbamate) on the development of sclerotic processes in aorta of experimental animals was followed up, induced by atherogenic diet (cholesterol, cholic acid and vitamin D2). The experiment was carried out on 144 albino rats, both sexes, administered 250 mG/kg and 1000 mg/kg fundazol orally in the course of 30 days, singly or in combination with atherogenic diet, The course of the metabolic processes was studied as well as the structural characteristic of the fibrous structures and the basic intercellular substance in the vascular wall of aorta by biochemical (enzymatic activity of some dehydrogenases and phosphatases, the quantity of soluble and insoluble collagen and elastin proteins, the content of glycosamioglycans - sulphated and unsulphated) and routine morphological and histochemical methods. The combined administration of both factors leads to potentiation of the effect of atherogenic diet by fundazol, even with a lower dose, the developing pathologic process being more severe and progressing more rapidly as compared with the single effect of the atherogenic factor. PMID- 7301801 TI - [Assessment of the potential risk for progeny in work with endodan (experimental studies)]. AB - An experimental assessment was made on endodan (ETM) effect, dithiocarbamate preparation, on the reproductive function of the parent generation albino rats, perorally intoxicated (by a sound) with doses 1/10 and 1/100 LD50, daily in the course of 6 months (LD50 = 380 mg/kg). The postnatal development of the three successive generations (F1, F2, F3) was studied. For that purpose, a complex of integral toxicological methods was used: weight, neurobehavioural activity, nortality (by 1st, 5th, 21st day), with the calculation of the indices of survival and lactation, and fertility with calculation of the indices of fertility and gestation and biochemical and clinical laboratory methods for the assessment of the functional state of liver, brain and testes. The embryotoxic and teratogenic activity of endodan was assessed with a single (175 and 70 mg/kg, administered on the 9th, 11th and 13th day) and repeated (daily 70 and 35 mg/kg) peroral administration in the course of gestation. The routine teratological methods were used: number of yellow bodies, number of implantation with resorption autolysis and living fetuses, structural anomalies; assessment of the state of the internal organs (Wilson) and the skeletal system (Dowson). A test for dominant lethality was used for the evaluation of the mutagenic effect, under the conditions of subacute experiment. As a result a light gonadotropic effect was found (single deviations in the early postnatal development of the progeny, light teratogenic and mutagenic activity). The authors drew conclusions concerning the relatively higher perspectives of that dithiocarbamate preparation for the practice as regards the potential risk of the population. Consideration given to its higher dermal toxicity and cumulation effect, confirmed with the previous investigations and the total toxicological characteristic of dithiocarbamate, they stressed upon the necessity of the strictest observation of the hygienic standards and rules of safe work. PMID- 7301803 TI - [Basic work environment factors at the Kremikovtsi Coke Chemical Plant]. AB - The investigations, carried out by the institute of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, for the assessment of toxic-chemical and physical factors of the working environment in the metallurgical-chemical plant showed a high degree of air pollution with dust and high number of toxic substances, many of them manifestating an additive effect or effect of synergism. At certain working places the physical factors have manifested deleterious effect. On the base of the investigations carried out, recommendations are proposed for further investigations on proper assessment of the occupational risk and improvement of labour conditions. PMID- 7301804 TI - [Polarographic method of determining microconcentrations of styrene in the air]. AB - A rapid, highly sensitive modified polarographic method for the determination of styrene microconcentrations in air -0,5-I mg/cm3 was elaborated, on the different electrolyte of propionic acid or in 10-20 times higher sensitivity than the methods known so far; the relative error determination +/- 2%. The method is selective for styrene - aliphatic, aromatic and halohydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, esters do not interfere with the determination. Air samples are collected in 4-6 minutes, the polarographic analysis performed within 1-2 minutes. The implementation of the method is widely recommended for the improvement of the quality and effectiveness of sanitarychemical and hygienic control. PMID- 7301805 TI - [Factors affecting the quality of indicator tubules for determining harmful gases and fumes in the air of a work environment]. PMID- 7301806 TI - [Gas chromatographic method of determining styrene in blood (the head-space method)]. AB - A gas-chromatographic method (Head Space) was elaborated - analysis of blood for styrene content. The method is fast and accurate. Sensitivity - I microgram/ml-1 and analytical capacity 88%. The pretreatment of the sample is avoided as well as the reagents consumption. The method is convenient for serial analyses and could be applied in the determination and assessment of the exposure extent among workers with styrene and its polymers. PMID- 7301807 TI - [Enzyme changes in the myocardium of experimental animals exposed to noise of various intensities]. AB - The activity of the enzymes: SDH,GIDH,LDH, GI-6-PDH, ATP-ase,PGM, G 6P-ase, PI, 6P-ase in myocardial tissue were studied under conditions of a 30-day experiment on albino rats, treated two hours daily, 5 days in the week, with noise with an intensity of 85 dB/A/ and 95 dB/A/. Under the effect of noise with intensity of 85 dB/A/ a tendency to inhibition of SDH and GIDH activity is observed, which after the treatment with 95 dB/A/ noise is statistically significant. With the latter noise level a significant enhancement of PI,6 P-ase activity is established as well as a tendency to enhancement of G6P-ase and ATP-ase activity. The data from the investigations carried out reveal the possibility of developing disturbances in the metabolism of myocardial tissue under noise effect. PMID- 7301809 TI - [Current indications for trans-sternal transpericardial occlusion of the stump of the main bronchus and its remote results]. PMID- 7301808 TI - [Biorhythm changes in DNA synthesis in hepatocytes exposed to organophosphates and strontium-89]. AB - The authors irradiated albino rats with I microc/gr strontium89 with previously modelled liver injury by FOS (Agria 1050). A temporary inhibition of the methodical activity was established as well as aberrant mitoses and strongly manifested polyploidity of the hepatic cells. Those phenomena faded quickly (within 8 days), with the exception of polyploidity, which as a sign of physiological regeneration the authors admit to be adaptive reaction directed to the restoration of the functional level of the liver on account of the hepatocytes preserved. Prior to the onset of tissue regeneration, the cellular one should be terminated, due to which, the mytotic activity was highly inhibited on the 3rd day of the irradiation, the DNA-synthesis cycle being lengthened and mainly on account of tgi, i.e. during the reparative biosynthesis the cell is incapable/of developing in the mitotic phase. After the presynthetic period is over the hepatocytes rapidly overcome the inhibition, tgi is considerably shortened and from presynthesis they almost immediately enter the period of mitosis. That requires an additional protein synthesis, manifested by the changes in serum protein. S and G1 proved to be most sensitive to DNA-synthesis blocking. The presynthetic period is essentially lengthened due to lesions of the cellular structures, synthesizing substances, necessary for entering S - i.e. the hepatocytes pass T, equal to the inhibition between G1 and S, its duration being proportional to the degree of the lesion of the organ. PMID- 7301811 TI - [Mediastinopleuroscopy during surgical biopsy in diffuse lung diseases]. PMID- 7301810 TI - [Clinico-radiological changes in the lungs after treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis by diathermy]. PMID- 7301812 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of the venospondylography in tuberculous spondylitis]. PMID- 7301813 TI - [Characteristics of the tuberculosis dispensary patients]. PMID- 7301814 TI - [Significance of the functional studies of the cardiovascular system and respiration in non-pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7301816 TI - [Use of deoxyribonuclease in the treatment of experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 7301817 TI - [Difficulties of diagnosis of pulmonary granuloma with regard to its pathomorphology]. PMID- 7301815 TI - [Radiological changes after anterior spondylodesis and replacement of bone cavities with allotransplants free of bone marrow]. PMID- 7301819 TI - [Measures for decreasing the number of patients with silicotuberculosis in the sverdlovsk district]. PMID- 7301820 TI - [Isoniazid level in the tissues of women with genital tuberculosis]. PMID- 7301822 TI - [Prevention, dispensary observation and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7301824 TI - [Activities of the tuberculosis dispensary aimed at improvement of the services]. PMID- 7301818 TI - [Immunocytoadhesion and phagocytic activity of the leukocytes in the diagnosis of non-pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7301821 TI - [Polarographic study of hemoglobin oxygenation in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7301823 TI - [Organization of the study on patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and their need of surgical treatment]. PMID- 7301826 TI - Dealing with stress in everyday life. PMID- 7301825 TI - Lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective review of evaluation and treatment utilizing a new "back analysis form". PMID- 7301828 TI - Exfoliative cytology of the parotid saliva. A new technique for collecting a specimen without aspiration. PMID- 7301827 TI - Local predisposing factors and clinical symptoms in pericoronitis. PMID- 7301829 TI - Occlusal changes in the deciduous dentition of a series of Finnish children. PMID- 7301830 TI - [Oral hygiene motivation among adult periodontal patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7301831 TI - [Primordial cyst. Clinical and radiographic study]. PMID- 7301832 TI - Problems of mineral supplementation in modern farming systems. PMID- 7301833 TI - Recent advances in dietary anion-cation balance: applications in poultry. PMID- 7301834 TI - The neurophysiology of feeding. PMID- 7301836 TI - Remyelination in the CNS. PMID- 7301835 TI - Brain, pituitary gland and nutrition. PMID- 7301838 TI - Microglia in the human cortex: an ultrastructural study. PMID- 7301837 TI - Microglia, monocytes, and macrophages. PMID- 7301845 TI - Postnatal development of astrocytic glia in the cerebellum of Cyprinus carpio. PMID- 7301840 TI - Quantitation of developing and adult synapses. PMID- 7301839 TI - Accumulation of 14C-5,6-dihydroxytryptamine-melanin in intrathecal and subependymal phagocytes of the rat CNS and possible routes of their elimination from brain. AB - 14C-5,6-DHT-Melanin, a labelled synthetic polymer resembling the naturally occurring melanin formed in brain by autoxidation of dopamine, was injected into the left lateral ventricle of adult rats, and its fate followed by autoradiography and by transmission electron microscopy of structures identified as labelled in preceding light micrographs, and by EM-autoradiography. Shortly after injection, melanin particles (easily identified in the em because of their size, structure and electron opacity) were seen ingested by supraependymal and epiplexus cells, by cells residing in the piaarachnoid, i.e. free subarachnoidal cells and perivascular cells, and by subependymally located microglia-like cells with intraventricular processes. Up to day four, an increase in the number of labelled phagocytes in the CSF was noted which transformed into typical reactive macrophages. Beyond this time, many intraventricular melanin-loaded phagocytes formed rounded clusters; cells of such clusters were subsequently found to invade the brain parenchyma by penetrating the ependymal lining and to accumulate in the perivascular space of brain vessels. 14C-Melanin-storing macrophages were found in the marginal sinus of the deep jugular lymph nodes suggesting emigration of CNS-derived phagocytes via lymphatics or prelymphatics that contact the subarachnoidal space compartment. This does not exclude the possibility that some of the macrophages leave the brain via the systemic circulation by penetrating the vascular endothelium; these may be disposed of in peripheral organs other than the lymph nodes. The ability of supraependymal, epiplexus, free subarachnoidal and perivascular cells in the pia and of subependymal microglia cells to accumulate synthetic melanin by phagocytosis suggests that these cells are local variants of the same type of resting potential phagocytes of the mammalian brain. The CSF appears to be replenished with phagocytes by mitosis and migration of microglia-like cells or their precursors located underneath the ependyma of the lateral ventricle and by mitosis of resting intrathecal cells. PMID- 7301842 TI - Synaptic ultrastructure in unanesthetized and experimentally modified cerebral cortex. PMID- 7301843 TI - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy and ultracytochemistry of vertebrate and human cerebellar cortex. PMID- 7301841 TI - Orthogonal assemblies of intramembranous particles--an attribute of the astrocyte. PMID- 7301844 TI - Morphological correlates of cerebellar Purkinje cell activity. PMID- 7301846 TI - The glial cell as a major site of glycoconjugate synthesis in the brain. PMID- 7301847 TI - Postnatal development of oligodendrocytes. PMID- 7301849 TI - Health effects of supplementary feeding programs. PMID- 7301850 TI - Treatment of severe malnutrition during the first year of life. PMID- 7301848 TI - Proliferation of oligodendroglial cells in normal animals and in a myelin deficient mutant-jimpy. PMID- 7301851 TI - Requirements related to physical activity and inactivity. PMID- 7301852 TI - Nutritional conditions in Canada. PMID- 7301853 TI - Overview of nutritional status in the United States. AB - Nutritional surveys attempt to estimate the nutritional status of people from various physical (clinical, anthropometric) and biochemical (with respect to nutrients) measurements, whereas dietary surveys attempt to measure what people eat. Although dietary surveys help explain possible reasons for clinical and laboratory findings, the nutritional status of people cannot be inferred from the diet alone. The determinants of nutritional status and, for that matter, the health of the individual and the population as a whole, include a variety of factors, biologic (genetic), behavioral, sociocultural, economic, and environmental. Diet is one environmental factor of great importance in determining man's level of health and well-being. The 1971-1974 HANES showed that excessive weight or obesity is a major health problem affecting people at all age and economic levels. At the same time, the survey showed a trend toward low calorie intake among certain adults over age 45, particularly women over age 60. The data also indicate that iron deficiency occurs among young children, pregnant women, and the elderly and that dental caries is a prevalent condition. Vitamin and iodine deficiencies, for practical purposes, do not exist in the U.S. population, although several surveys have uncovered certain vitamin deficiencies among the elderly. Dietary deficiencies, where they occur, are related to socioeconomic and cultural factors, specific conditions, and disease states. Reliable data do not exist to estimate the extent of malnutrition among the hospitalized and institutionalized population. PMID- 7301854 TI - Nutritional status of the Mexican population. PMID- 7301856 TI - Changes in antibodies and disease resistance in malnourished animals and children. PMID- 7301855 TI - Nutritional status in South America. PMID- 7301857 TI - Certainty: the elusive goal. PMID- 7301858 TI - Diet and atherosclerosis: recommendations of a pediatrician. PMID- 7301859 TI - Techniques for needs assessment. PMID- 7301860 TI - Nutrition education and changing behavior. PMID- 7301861 TI - Evaluation of nutrition intervention programs. PMID- 7301862 TI - Nutrition in the 1980s: constraints on our knowledge. Appropriate technology. PMID- 7301863 TI - Energy use and the United States food chain. PMID- 7301864 TI - The role of technology in food distribution systems in developing countries. PMID- 7301865 TI - Human dilemmas in the production and consumption of food products of animal origin. PMID- 7301866 TI - National nutrition policy in the United States. PMID- 7301867 TI - Food and nutrition guidelines in Canada. PMID- 7301868 TI - Current methods of assessing food intake. PMID- 7301869 TI - National food and nutrition policies of Mexico. PMID- 7301870 TI - Colombian food and nutrition policies. PMID- 7301871 TI - Food and nutrition planning in El Salvador. PMID- 7301872 TI - Obstacles to success in nutrition intervention programs. Ineffective communication. PMID- 7301873 TI - Food regulations as obstacles to success in nutrition intervention programs. PMID- 7301874 TI - Inadequate food storage and distribution systems. PMID- 7301875 TI - Research environment for nutrition in the 1980s. PMID- 7301876 TI - The cost of not doing medical research. PMID- 7301877 TI - Nationwide food consumption survey, 1977-1978. PMID- 7301878 TI - Indices of the nutritional status of the individual. PMID- 7301879 TI - Stimulation of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus inhibits locus coeruleus unit activity: evidence for endorphin mediation. AB - We have investigated the effect of arcuate nucleus stimulation on locus coeruleus unit activity. Extracellular LC unit activity was recorded in anesthetized cats and rats. Brief conditioning trains (25-300 microA, three shocks, 100 Hz) delivered to the arcuate nucleus produced profound inhibition (average 1000 msec, n = 30) of spontaneous coerulear cell discharges. Intravenously administered naloxone (2.5-5.0 mg/kg) or iontophoretically applied naloxone eliminated arcuate elicited inhibition. Additionally, naloxone often increased spontaneous cell activity. In contrast to naloxone, systemically administered morphine inhibited spontaneous LC unit activity in a dose-related fashion and augmented the hypothalamic-derived inhibition. Naloxone, 5 mg/,g, reversed morphine activity to beyond predrug levels. To characterized the stereospecificity of the response, dextrorphan was administered. This inactive enantiomer failed to mimic morphine actions on LC cells. The results suggest that LC may be influenced by the beta endorphine system originating from the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 7301880 TI - Taurine-induced thalamocortical dissociative effects in an experimental model of epilepsy. PMID- 7301881 TI - Effect of systemically administered morphine on spontaneous activity of globus pallidus and caudate nucleus neurons in the rat. PMID- 7301882 TI - Effects of chronic administration of naltrexone on appetitive behaviors of rats. AB - Opioid antagonists have been reported to reduce water and food intake. In the experiments, ingestive behavior was sometimes induced using stressful stimuli. These experiments were conducted to determine the effects of chronic administration of an opioid antagonist on appetitive behaviors of minimally stressed rats. Twelve 4-week old rats were randomly separated into two equal sized groups, anesthetized with ether, and implanted subcutaneously with poly(epsilon-caprolactone) capsules. One group received naltrexone in the capsules, the other group received vehicle. These capsules released the drug at a rate of approximately 250 microgram/day for over 8 weeks. Gross metabolic behavior (food intake, water intake, urine output, fecal output, and body weight) was monitored for 8 weeks. At three times during the 8 weeks, food deprivation (24 hr)-induced feeding was tested over a period of 60 min. At the end of the eighth week, the animals were subjected to an analgesic test in order to confirm the efficacy of the naltrexone dose. No differences in food intake, body weight, fecal output, or deprivation-induced feeding were observed between the control and naltrexone groups. Water intake and fluid output of the naltrexone group were significantly reduced compared to the control group. These results suggest that endogenous opioids may mediate mechanisms of tonic drinking behavior and cannot be explained as representing effects on stress-induced ingestion. PMID- 7301883 TI - Comparative aspects of raphe-induced modulation of evoked and spontaneous cerebellar unit activity. AB - Electrical activation of the raphe complex predominantly inhibits spontaneous firing of randomly encountered Purkinje cells. These experiments were performed to compare the effects of raphe stimulation upon spontaneous and evoked climbing and mossy fiber inputs, as well as GABA-mediated inhibition of Purkinje cells. The findings revealed a preferential inhibitory influence of the raph nuclei on evoked simple and complex activity rather than spontaneous firing of Purkinje cells. Furthermore, the raphe appears to augment GABAergic "off-beam" inhibition of Purkinje cells. PMID- 7301885 TI - The probable explanation for the falling twinning rate in Scotland. PMID- 7301884 TI - The age distribution of dizygotic twinning in humans and cattle: etiologic implications. PMID- 7301886 TI - On the timing of monozygotic twinning events. PMID- 7301887 TI - Study of mirror imaging in twins. PMID- 7301888 TI - Reproductive performance in twin sisters. PMID- 7301889 TI - Preconceptional prediction of twin pregnancies. PMID- 7301890 TI - Echographic imagery of amniotic membranes in twin pregnancies. PMID- 7301891 TI - Plasma steroid changes in twin pregnancies. PMID- 7301892 TI - The outcome of twin pregnancies in Aberdeen. PMID- 7301893 TI - The Northwestern University multihospital twin study: III. Obstetric characteristics and outcome. PMID- 7301894 TI - Analysis of twinning rates in Japan. PMID- 7301895 TI - The changing incidence of twinning: one century of Italian statistics. PMID- 7301896 TI - Some observations concerning the decline of dizygotic twinning rate in France between 1901 and 1968. PMID- 7301898 TI - Parental age, sibship's size, and sibship's sex ratio in twins: a progress report. PMID- 7301897 TI - Twinning rates in Virginia: secular trends and the effects of maternal age and parity. PMID- 7301899 TI - Demography and genetics of human twinning in the Utah Mormon Genealogy. PMID- 7301900 TI - Reproductive and menstrual characteristics of mothers of multiple births and mothers of singletons only: a discriminant analysis. PMID- 7301901 TI - [On the methodology of the determination of alkylating activities of nitrogen mustards with nitrobenzylpyridine (NBP) in biological material (author's transl)]. AB - It is dealt with modifications to the spectrophotometric determination of the alkylating behaviour of bifunctional nitrogen mustards with 4-(4' nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP). The authors succeeded in characterizing spectrophotometrically, by means of a one-phase procedure, not only soluble, but also difficultly soluble, therapeutically known and newly synthetized mustards in regard to their alkylating behaviour. In the framework of in vitro studies, the authors report of experimental details of the proper preparation of biological material for the determination of residual activities, the analytical approach being always depending on the structure of the respective mustard. The differences in the time courses of the acylating attacks in serum, blood and suspensions of leukaemic cells are demonstrated by the example of some selected nitrogen mustards. PMID- 7301902 TI - [On the stability of homoeopathic dilutions in glass and plastic containers (author's transl)]. AB - Adsorption of traces of gold, iron, zinc and mercury, labelled with 195Au, 59Fe, 65ZN, 203Hg, was studied in dependence on time as well as on the container material and composition of the solution. With exception of the zinc-solutions in all other solutions a considerable decrease was ascertained. Acid- or silicone treatment of the surfaces shortly cause altered adsorption properties, but cannot prevent a sorption. From the different adsorption behaviour of the investigated elements one can conclude that the different affinity and adhesive power of the ions must be referred to their different chemical and physical properties. PMID- 7301903 TI - Degradation studies on sulphacetamide eye-drops. Part 1. PMID- 7301904 TI - Evaluation of marketed and formulated furosemide tablets. AB - Five commercial brands of furosemide tablets were evaluated using the official and non-official tests of U.S.P. XIX. These tests include: uniformity of weight, hardness, friability and disintegration time. The results obtained showed that most of these brands failed to attain the U.S.P. requirements. The inclusion of different surface active agents in some of the new suggested formulae was proposed for improving the poor properties of such commercial furosemide tablets. In addition to the above quality control tests, dissolution rate studies of the new formulated tablets were carried out. The addition of 11.4% dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate increased the dissolution rate up to 48.5% after 60 min. On the other hand, the same concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate caused complete tablet dissolution within 45 min. The effect of a higher concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate on the dissolution rate of furosemide has also been examined. PMID- 7301905 TI - [Characterization of storage-induced release reductions in suppositories (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported of the effect of storage at different temperatures on the release of aminophenazone, codeine phosphate, phenobarbital sodium and trapidil from suppositories, and of the physical parameter of the latter. Depending on the state of division of the drugs in the preparations and on the conditions of storage, drug release from suppositories was more or less affected, which alterations were but incompletely reflected in the physical parameters of the suppositories. PMID- 7301906 TI - PMR assay of probenecid in pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 7301907 TI - Countertransference and the open canoe: comments on the hazard of medical fellowship. PMID- 7301908 TI - Characteristics of the compleat physician. PMID- 7301910 TI - The physician as citizen. PMID- 7301909 TI - The clinical arts and the arts of the word. PMID- 7301911 TI - Cancer treatment and cancer control: the dynamic interaction between clinical research and community oncology. PMID- 7301912 TI - On humanism in medicine. PMID- 7301913 TI - Liberal arts and humanities in medicine. PMID- 7301914 TI - The Boston experience: adventures on the wilder shores of medical education. PMID- 7301916 TI - Affective education for the health professions. Facilitating appropriate behavior. PMID- 7301915 TI - Neural regulation of blood flow in nonworking muscles. Part III. AB - To characterize the threshold behavior of the blood shunting response in nonstressed tissues, vasoconstrictor fiber activity to nonworking muscles was analyzed in healthy human volunteers. Multifiber sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in fascicles of the peroneal nerves supplying the muscles was recorded using micrographic techniques during rhythmic and sustained handgrip exercise of low to maximum intensity. The results indicate a low threshold of exercise intensity during rhythmic exercise below which the blood shunting response in nonstressed tissues is not activated. Increased sympathetic fiber activity occurs first as recruitment of additional fibers and later as increased frequency of response to pulsatile blood pressure fluctuations. Analysis of vasoconstrictor fiber behavior at the time of initiation and cessation of exercise indicates that changes in activity are caused by reflex responses to exercise rather than by coactivation with skeletal muscle contraction. PMID- 7301917 TI - Justice in the distribution of health care resources. The position of physical therapists, physiatrists, and rehabilitation nurses. AB - Physical therapists, rehabilitation nurses, and physiatrists in the United States were surveyed to identify the interpretation(s) of justice they judged to be most appropriate as a basis for health policies. A questionnaire containing four interpretations of justice was used. Responses by the three groups according to their overall interpretation showed marked inconsistencies. To the extent that consistency was observable, they favored a "needs-based" approach over a "utilitarian," "contract," or "skeptical" approach. Individually, physical therapists favored a needs-based interpretation while rehabilitation nurses and physiatrists were divided between utilitarian and needs-based interpretations. PMID- 7301918 TI - Plaster drop-out casts as a dynamic means to reduce muscle contracture. A case report. PMID- 7301919 TI - [Functional vascular investigation]. AB - Having confirmed that functional vascular investigations arouse great interest, the author has tried to sketch the profile of the "functionalist". He, like the radiologist, is a specialist who should be thoroughly acquainted with: 1. Vascular anatomy and its anomalies. 2. Electronics, so that he can recognize the limits of the apparatus he uses. 3. Circulatory physiology, so that he is able to identify the parameters being explored. 4. Above all, he must be a clinician and fully aware of the problems caused by venous and arterial pathology. These conditions fulfilled, communication between the doctor and his patient will be fruitful. PMID- 7301920 TI - [Value of rheoplethysmography with venous occlusion in the detection of venous thrombosis]. AB - The study of the correlations between occlusive rheoplethysmography (RPO) and phlebography, carried out in 170 explorations, shows an over-all rate of 78.3% correct correlations. This correlations is more accurate for negative RPOs (91.8%) than for positive ones (59.6%). There are in fact few inaccurate negatives (i.e. venous thrombosis with negative RPO) but there are a certain number of erroneous positives, linked basically with states of cardiac insufficiency and phlebitic after-effects. The RPO examination is a useful complement to the clinical data; it means that the number of necessary phlebographical examinations can be cut down, and it provides a useful guide to treatment options. PMID- 7301921 TI - [Study of venous distensibility using plethysmography with venous occlusion in post-phlebitic syndromes]. AB - Venous distensibility has been studied in the cases of twelve patients presenting a post-phlebitic syndrome, compared with five patients with primary varicose veins. In the post-phlebitic syndromes we note far fewer symptoms of venous distensibility, whereas in the cases of varicose veins there is an increase of venous distensibility. Statistics of the delta V max. 50 and the symptoms of distensibility are given in a recapitulatory table, and a diagram. PMID- 7301922 TI - [Occlusive rheoplethysmography in the diagnosis, surveillance and evaluation of the sequela of phlebitis]. AB - Occlusive rheoplethysmography (RPO) constitutes a new method of quantitative tetrapolar rheography. It enables us to assess peripheral venous function by measuring distensibility (symbol of influx = IR greater than 0.6, and of drainage = IV greater than 0.7), and flow (symbol of the drainage flow = IDV greater than 0.5). Deep venous thrombosis in the receptor trunk of the popliteal vein and vena cava reduces the IDB (obstructive syndrome). Isolated thrombosis of the tibial vein modifies only the distensibility (restrictive syndrome). RPO is extremely reliable in the diagnosis of acute venous thrombosis of the receptor trunk, as well as in the diagnoses of tibial thromboses, and so it facilitates the recognition of indicants for phlebography. RPO constitutes a simple, portable, rapid, economical and totally objective examination; its use in the observation of the efficiency of treatments as well as in the quantitative assessment of phlebitic after-effects means that it makes a valuable contribution to the management of venous disorders. PMID- 7301923 TI - [Contribution of the Doppler examination to the venous pathology of the lower extremities]. AB - The fluxometer "Doppler" is widely used in venous pathology but is usually limited to a mere "sounding" of the femoral and popliteal segments. The author recommends a full methodology based on venous physiopathology. Some very simple modifications of the apparatus mean that it is possible to get graphic outlines; this makes analysis easier and means that results can be reproduced. At the acute thrombosis stage diagnosis and localization are remarkably reliable. At the chronic stage the anatomic aspect is of less interest than the functional aspects, as the Doppler is of much greater use than phlebography. The advantages of this atraumatic method are obvious if results of the Doppler examination are accurate; its only conditions are a thorough knowledge of the physiopathology and great precision in the analysis. PMID- 7301924 TI - [Western diet: risk factors for varices and explanation of their different frequencies among French people and immigrants]. AB - Having run through the data of descriptive epidemiology, which shows a much lower incidence of varicose veins in certain countries of the Third World, the author examines the different aetiologies which are currently accepted or applicable and compares them with these data. He concludes that western alimentation is an important risk factor for varicose veins and that it probably acts through a lack of vitamin E. A preliminary survey, carried out in Lorraine among general practitioners who have both French and immigrant patients, shows a slight prevalence of varicose veins among recently arrived immigrants. PMID- 7301925 TI - [Phlebology forum. 24 October 1980]. PMID- 7301926 TI - [Allergic vascularities with clinical skin manifestations]. AB - After describing the cutaneous and histo-pathological symptoms of allergic vasculazities, the author describes: Gougerot's tri-symptomatic disease, its differential diagnoses, and its various aetiologies. The pathology of the latter leads us to consider immune complexes, but our study does not deal with it in detail. Purpura rheumatica produces gammaglobulins A. Urticarial vasculazities may or may not be accompanied by anomalies of the complementary system; they may be transposed auto-immune disorders such as lupus erythematosus; their development is fairly unpredictable., Acute hemorrhagic oedema of the skin of nurslings also has allergic vasculazities at its basis. The author also mentions the transitory state between these different pictures, notably polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatotic pulmonary angitis of Churg and Strauss, and Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 7301927 TI - [Incidence of age in the treatment of varices]. PMID- 7301928 TI - [Considerations after 10 years of treating leg ulcers]. AB - There are four times as many varicose ulcers as arterial ulcers, this being basically the case of patients over 50. Venous thrombosis is responsible for about one-third of the varicose ulcers, and atherosis causes more than one-third of the arterial ulcers. The latter often involve metabolic disorders: this is not the case with varicose ulcers. When there is superinfection, pyocyanic is rampant and is followed by yellow staphylococci. Arterial ulcers are very often painful and cicatrisation is slow, often even hopeless, whereas varicose ulcers heal when the responsible varices are cured. PMID- 7301929 TI - [Incidence of hemorrhoids in sclerosis of varices]. PMID- 7301930 TI - [Physiopathology of superficial venous circulation in athletes]. AB - The venous circulation in athletes doing sports involving medium or heavy cardiac strain means that considerable physiological modifications may occur, notably vascular expansion. This phenomenon may be observed in the superficial venous circulation of both the upper and lower members, as well as in pulmonary circulation. Varices of the lower members are common in about 5% of practising athletes, notably in weight-lifters and wrestlers who are particularly prone to this risk, and precisely because venous return is impeded by the predominantly static effort which characterizes these sports. Karate, judo, canoeing, football, high jump and long jump are similar: mechanical blocks or sudden increases of venous pressure following the rapid changes in body-position or particular posture. Nevertheless, these phenomena can only be explained by the supposition that the valvular mechanism of certain subjects is particularly vulnerable. There are other sports, on the other hand, which have a beneficial effect on venous return, especially swimming and long-distance running. PMID- 7301931 TI - [Surgical management of varicocele with vein-to-vein anastomosis]. AB - The authors mention the technique of Koichi Ishigami, relative to 15 cases. This involves the anastomosis of the spermatic vein with the long saphenous vein. The authors use phlebography to show the permeability of this venovenostomy, and emphasize the quality of their results. PMID- 7301932 TI - [Malignant degeneration of leg ulcers]. PMID- 7301933 TI - Tongue apex activities during alveolar stops. AB - Lateral cineradiograms, taken at a rate of 100 frames per second, were used to investigate tongue apex movements associated with alveolar consonants produced by five American English speakers. Consistent with previous research concerning bilabial stops, the results indicated a tendency for faster apical movements towards voiceless stops than toward voiced stops. On the other hand, tongue speeds during voiced alveolar stops and alveolar taps did not appear to differ significantly. Any tendency for faster speeds to be associated with tap movements appeared to be due to corresponding greater distances moved by the tongue tip. Finally, the amount of stress on vowels preceding or following [d] was not found to be an independent factor for determining tongue tip speeds toward the consonant. Once again, any speed differences seemed predictable on the basis of distance. PMID- 7301934 TI - Laryngeal adjustments in the production of the fricative consonants and devoiced vowels in Japanese. AB - The role of laryngeal adjustments for phonetic variations of voicing in Japanese- vowel devoicing and intervocalic /h/ voicing--was investigated using laryngeal electromyography (EMG) and fiberoptic endoscopy. The results indicated that the vowel devoicing was accompanied by EMG activity patterns of the posterior cricoarytenoid and interarytenoid different from those for fully voiced vowels, causing the glottis to be wide open. In this respect, it may be concluded that vowel devoicing mainly reflects a kind of free variation at a higher level than the EMG signals. In contrast, the voicing of /h/ occurred while the glottis remained as wide as it did for voiceless /h/ or /s/ with comparable EMG patterns of those muscles, despite the presence of vocal fold vibrations. Therefore, it may be that this latter phenomenon is chiefly dependent on some other condition at the level of the glottis. PMID- 7301935 TI - Photobinding of psoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen to calf thymus DNA. PMID- 7301936 TI - Haematoporphyrin-treated murine lymphocytes: in vitro inhibition of DNA synthesis and light-mediated inactivation of cells responsible for GVHR. PMID- 7301937 TI - Characterisation of two monoclonal antibodies specific for dimerised and non dimerised adjacent thymidines in single stranded DNA. PMID- 7301938 TI - Decreased host cell reactivation of UV-irradiated adenovirus 5 by fibroblasts from Cockayne's syndrome patients. PMID- 7301939 TI - The effects of different types of fluorescent lighting on reproduction and tumor development in the C3H mouse. PMID- 7301940 TI - Photoinduced reaction of dimethylnitrosamine with DNA and polynucleotides. PMID- 7301941 TI - Membrane potential, surface potential, and ionic permeabilities. AB - To clarify contributions to cellular transmembrane potential concentration potentials of phospholipid bilayer membranes and surface potentials of phospholipid monolayers were measured with respect to salt concentrations and various surface charge densities. For highly charged membranes of symmetrical surface charge density, it was found that the observed transmembrnae potentials are due mostly to the difference between the surface potentials on each side of the membrane. For uncharged membranes, it was found that the transmembrane potential is due to the ion diffusion potential across the membrane. Also discussed are ion permeabilities through the membrane in relation to transmembrane potential. PMID- 7301942 TI - Estimate of rate constants of muscle crossbridge turnover based on dynamic mechanical measurements. AB - A physiologically based model has been developed to fit measurements of the complex dynamic stiffness (Young's modulus) of isometrically held vertebrate skeletal muscle. Adjustments were made to accommodate isotonic conditions for comparison of model behavior with data on the rate of energy liberation vs. muscle shortening speed. The behavior of the muscle is well fitted to a second order differential equation. This has made it possible to quantitatively estimate crossbridge rate constants of first (fA) and second (fB) stage attachment and detachment (gA and gB) based on Huxley's hypothesis of two-stage crossbridge attachment. PMID- 7301943 TI - The logistic curve for the fitting of sigmoidal data. AB - In 1838 a differential equation was developed by Verhulst to explain what is currently termed the S-shaped curve. Reviewed here are his application of the equation to population data and significant later applications by various workers to problems in physics, chemistry, and biology. The usefulness, versatility, and convenience of this integrated equation are illustrated by examples from our own work, including superimposition of data by use of reduced variables. PMID- 7301944 TI - On the relativity and uncertainty of electromagnetic energy measurement at a superconductive boundary. Application to perception of weak magnetic fields by living systems. AB - From quantum mechanical and relativity principles applied to an observer using a bounded superconductive detector, any magnetic or electric field, which superficially may appear steady and homogeneous, should be perceived to have a wavelength and frequency which are functions of the size of the detector as well as of the energy density of the field. From the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, equations are derived for the uncertainties of measurement of field energy and of detector size as imposed by the principles of quantum mechanics, even if the instruments of measurement are perfect. If energy density is sufficiently low and/or size of detector is sufficiently small, then numerical values and geometries of the fields become unmeasurable by any experimental method but topological properties of the system may still be measurable. A method for estimation of size of superconductive microregions in materials or in living systems is derived. It is calculated that if superconductive microdetectors exist in living systems capable of detection of 0.1 to 1.0 gauss magnetic fields, then minimum superconductive detector diameters of 7.9 and 2.6 microns respectively are required, and these magnetic fields will have perceived effects equivalent to wavelengths of 7.9 and 2.6 microns respectively (the infrared region of light). The estimated detector sizes are comparable with the sizes of mitochondria, melanin granules, and retinal rods. PMID- 7301945 TI - Interaction of bovine serum albumin with PGBx (polymeric 15-keto-prostaglandin B1). AB - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) interacts with PGBx, a polymeric derivative of 15-keto prostaglandin B1, to form a complex that does not exhibit the fluorescence of free BSA. The complex is soluble at pH 5.2 in contrast to free PGBx, which is insoluble. Molar ratio of the BSA-PGBx complex is 1:18. This complexing appears to suppress the ability shown by non-complexed PGBx to reactivate phosphorylation in degraded isolated rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7301946 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice times of normal and transformed cultured mammalian cells and of normal and neoplastic animal tissues. AB - Proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) for normal tissues and cultured cells, and for neoplastic tissues and transformed culture cells, were measured. Increases in T1 of neoplastic tissue and normal tissues of mice with neoplasms were observed. No difference was found between T1 of normal 3T3 cells and of an SV40 viral transformed cell line. These data imply that changes in T1 of neoplastic tissue may not be due to intrinsic properties of cancerous cells but rather to physiological interaction of the neoplasm with its physiological environment. The measurement of several tissues of rat showed a good correlation between T1 and tissue water content, and addition of water by glass capillary increased T1 of samples. For samples in sealed NMR tubes, however, changes in T1 were incurred by boiling, freezing, or storage at various temperatures. These data imply that changes in T1 may be influenced by cellular water content as well as macromolecular conformation. PMID- 7301947 TI - Mitochondrial disease in man. Report of a probable case with successful therapy. AB - Probable mitochondrial damage in brain and possibly in other tissues of an elderly woman after open heart surgery was treated by therapy aimed at providing the cell with materials necessary to synthesize new mitochondria to replace those damaged by imperfect perfusion of body tissues with blood by the artificial heart lung machine. Large quantities of B-complex vitamins for Krebs cycle enzyme cofactors, vitamin C for protein synthesis, and ribonucleic acid for templates for protein synthesis were provided. With this therapy started 5 days post operatively, marked acceleration of clinical recovery from a previously static state of presumed mitochondrial damage occurred. On the basis of animal experiments, a diagnosis of mitochondrial damage is suggested to be reasonable in appropriate human patients. On the basis of the successful result reported here, specific mitochondrial therapy is suggested as feasible and probably beneficial for patients with a diagnosis of mitochondrial damage. PMID- 7301948 TI - Current trends in physiology teaching in Finland. PMID- 7301949 TI - The role of odor in the maintenance of flavor aversion. PMID- 7301950 TI - Human obesity, dieting, and anticipatory salivation to food. PMID- 7301951 TI - Reward improves working memory of rats in the radial maze. PMID- 7301952 TI - Pavlovian conditioning of the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion in the rat. PMID- 7301953 TI - Slow and fast wave activity in the olfactory system in cats during perception of pheromones. PMID- 7301955 TI - Medial and orbital cortex and the suppression of behavior in the rat. PMID- 7301954 TI - Electroconvulsive shock and water deprivation: effects on drinking behavior and locomotor activity in rats. PMID- 7301957 TI - Skin reflectance, iris pigmentation and information processing in children. PMID- 7301958 TI - Eating, drinking and temperature response of chicks to brain catecholamine injections. PMID- 7301956 TI - Influence of activity-stress on thymus, spleen and adrenal weights of rats: possibility for an immunodeficiency model. PMID- 7301959 TI - Interocular transfer in albino rats as a function of forebrain or forebrain plus midbrain commissurotomy. PMID- 7301960 TI - Meal-interval correlations: what can they tell us? PMID- 7301961 TI - Disruption of maternal retrieving by perioral anesthesia. PMID- 7301962 TI - Reduced lordosis response following unilateral hypothalamic knife cuts. PMID- 7301963 TI - Copulatory behavior and reproductive capacity of the genetically obese female Zucker rat. PMID- 7301964 TI - Pattern of dietary self-selection in VMH-lesioned rats. PMID- 7301965 TI - "Coping" and gastric ulceration in rats after prolonged active avoidance performance. PMID- 7301966 TI - Effects of divided feeding on activity-stress ulcer and the thymus weight in the rat. PMID- 7301967 TI - The use of sodium pentobarbital for the study of immobility-related (Type 2) hippocampal theta. PMID- 7301969 TI - Effects of cold-restraint stress on rat gastric and hepatic glutathione: a potential determinant of response to chemical carcinogens. PMID- 7301968 TI - Effects of LH kainic acid infusions on ingestion and autonomic activity. PMID- 7301971 TI - Scopolamine impairs spatial maze performance in rats. PMID- 7301970 TI - Lateralization of norepinephrine, serotonin and choline uptake into hippocampal synaptosomes of sinistral rats. PMID- 7301972 TI - A convenient feeder for measurement of consumption of powdered food by rats. PMID- 7301973 TI - An objective assessment of operative fusions of the lumbo-sacral spine. PMID- 7301975 TI - Lumbo-pelvic rhythm and mechanical dysfunction of the sacro-iliac joint. PMID- 7301974 TI - The physiotherapist as a bureaucrat. PMID- 7301976 TI - Prevention of deformity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A prospective study of passive stretching and splintage. PMID- 7301977 TI - And have you done your exercises? PMID- 7301978 TI - Frequency distributions for chloroplast genes in Chlamydomonas zygote clones: evidence for random drift. PMID- 7301979 TI - Nasal septum resection and craniofacial growth in a chimpanzee animal model: implications for cleft palate surgery. PMID- 7301980 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of cleft lip and cleft palate before birth. AB - Real-time ultrasonography in pregnancy can accurately detect gestational age, position of the fetus, position of the placenta, sex of the fetus, and many congenital anomalies before birth. To date, however, there has been no report of detection of a cleft lip-palate deformity by ultrasound. Two cases, in approximately 200 scans, have been found in patients with no previous family history of cleft lip-palate. The first case was a bilateral cleft lip-palate visualized at 28 weeks gestation. The second was a unilateral cleft lip-palate detected at 33 weeks gestation. Diagnosis of cleft lip-palate is dependent on appreciation of facial topography in multiple planes, adequate experience in the technique, and observation of the degree of excursion of the undulating tongue. Detection of the facial clefting in utero by ultrasound has resulted in our formulation of a routine for informing the parents of the deformity and referring them for consultation with a plastic surgeon. This is recommended before birth, so that the parents are well acquainted with what the deformity will look like and the sequential steps necessary for its correction. We encourage plastic surgeons, obstetricians, pediatricians, and ultrasonographers to be aware of the ability to diagnose cleft lip-palate before birth. PMID- 7301981 TI - The effect of ultrasonics and thermal treatment on wounds. AB - A method of local treatment of wounds to accelerate healing would be a major benefit in those patients in whom abnormal healing is expected. Earlier studies has suggested that local ultrasonic treatment of wounds would stimulate the healing process. We have evaluated the effect of local ultrasound (5 MHz) and thermal treatments on healing in a dermal wound model. Various intensities of ultrasound and heat were employed for 5 min/day (0.05 W/cm2) and 10 min/day (0.05W/cm2), with healing assessed by wound breaking strength measurements obtained 14 days after injury. Subcutaneous temperature measurements demonstrated that equal intensities of ultrasound and heat produced equivalent temperature changes in the tissues. None of the treatments employed resulted in greater wound breaking strengths than the controls, and the higher intensities of ultrasound (0.1 and 0.15 W/cm2) and heat (0.15 W/cm2) resulted in decreased wound breaking strength. Our results failed to support brief daily treatments of local ultrasound or heat as stimulants of wound healing. PMID- 7301982 TI - Island soft palatoplasty for early reconstruction of the posterior muscular ring. AB - Restoration of the continuity of the posterior muscular ring and production of adequate palatal length have been the prime objectives cleft surgeons have sought in their drive to obtain good speech. Twelve patients with cleft palates varying from incomplete clefts of the secondary palate to wide clefts associated with unilateral and bilateral lip deformities have been repaired utilizing an early radical soft palate release from the hard palate. The element not stressed in prior early soft palatoplasties is this full-thickness release of the soft palate from its abnormal insertion along the cleft. This allows the reconstructed soft palate to function independently as part of the posterior muscular ring. This approach also partly corrects the orientation of the levator muscles and avoids internal scarring in the soft palate caused by extensive dissection. The series of cases reported here is small, and although the results are very encouraging, this approach cannot be claimed as a panacea for all the problems of soft and hard palate repair. The sound fundamental principle of reconstructing the functional unit without regard to filling the hole is the essence of this approach. Hard palate closure is delayed until the functional unit (the soft palate) is well-established as part of the posterior muscular ring. To do this requires a radical separation of the hard and soft palate clefts both surgically and conceptually. The benefits indicated in this series seem to follow directly from these principles. The cases repaired by the island soft palatoplasty have long, mobile soft palates with the correct orientation and relationship of muscles. They have developed good palatal motion, velopharyngeal competence, and good speech. PMID- 7301983 TI - Surgical treatment of giant hemangioma of the facial region after arterial embolization. PMID- 7301984 TI - Immediate reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus with the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap following laryngopharyngectomy. AB - The "island" pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has been used in nine patients for immediate hypopharyngeal and cervicoesophageal reconstruction following laryngopharyngectomy. Two patients underwent total hypopharyngeal and cervicoesophageal reconstruction. Postoperative evaluation revealed adequate lumens with no evidence of stricture. There was retained innervation of the flaps through the lateral pectoral nerve, but no additional innervation from the cricopharyngeal musculature could be demonstrated. Normal esophageal motility was maintained, but cervicoesophageal pressures were diminished. Donor site morbidity was minimal, and the complication rate was low. We present the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap as an alternate method for hypopharyngeal and cervicoesophageal reconstruction. PMID- 7301985 TI - Occurrence and activity of myofibroblasts in human capsular tissue surrounding mammary implants. AB - Capsular tissue obtained from a series of 16 patients with silicone mammary implants was exposed in vitro to smooth-muscle stimulants and relaxants. Capsule relaxation was produced in 75 percent of the patients. The most active antagonists were papaverine and veratrine. Capsule contracture was produced in 69 percent of the patients. The most active agonists were histamine and epinephrine. Myofibroblasts were identified in several capsules. These data support the hypothesis that the myofibroblasts is a probable cause of capsular contracture. PMID- 7301986 TI - Lipofibromatous hamartoma of median nerve and ulnar nerve: surgical treatment. AB - Seven cases of lipofibromatous hamartomas of the median and ulnar nerve wee seen. Three were treated conservatively, and four had radical surgical excision. The three conservatively treated patients, seen over 20 years ago, were lost to follow-up. Four hand centers stated that these masses do not regress on conservative treatment. Follow-up evaluation of 1, 4, 9, and 20 years of the patients treated by radical surgery indicated that all patients had a useful, functional hand. All had complete range of motion in flexion and extension. Moving two-point discrimination was normal in two and abnormal in the older patient and in the patient whose tumor was resected at the wrist. If surgical treatment is decided upon for the large tumor masses, it is recommended that it be done early, distal to the wrist, and at age 2. Electromyographic studies do not demonstrate sensory nerve regeneration. Compensatory sensibility results obtained must be due to the reeducational capability in children. Radical surgical excision without nerve grafting is not recommended in adults because the potential for reeducation is limited. Some surgeons recommend and do nerve grafting following resection of the tumor when there are no remaining identifiable nerve fibers. PMID- 7301987 TI - Academic plastic surgery: quod severis metes. PMID- 7301988 TI - Hypothyroidism following removal of a "thyroglossal duct cyst". AB - This case demonstrates how a midline ectopic thyroid gland can be misdiagnosed as a thyroglossal duct cyst. Awareness of this clinical entity is critical if the diagnosis is to be made preoperatively. Thyroid function tests and a 99mTc or 123I scintiscan of the neck should be performed when evaluating a patient with a midline anterior cervical mass. Although thyroid replacement will often cause regression of the enlarged ectopic thyroid gland, surgical intervention is required if a solid mass persists. When an ectopic thyroid gland has been excised and is subsequently found to be the child's only thyroid tissue, thyroid replacement is necessary. If biopsy of the mass established the diagnosis at the time of surgery, effective treatment consists of longitudinally dividing the tissue and placing each half laterally beneath the strap muscles. When this is done, long-term follow-up and periodic thyroid function tests are advised. If this tissue should become hypoactive, thyroid replacement is then required. PMID- 7301989 TI - Supernumerary extensor tendon to the thumb: a report on a rare anatomic variation. AB - A supernumerary extensor tendon to the left thumb was observed in a black female cadaver. It came from a bipinnate extensor indicis proprius and passed through the fourth synovial compartment, where it fused with the extensor pollicis longus at the midshaft level of the first metacarpal. This appears to be a rare anatomic variation. Since the review of LeDouble in 1897, only two cases have been reported. A reminder of this oddity at this time seems appropriate because of its perceivable clinical significance. PMID- 7301990 TI - Scrotal reconstruction utilizing bilateral gracilis myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 7301991 TI - A simple method to maintain reduction of unstable fractures of the frontal sinus. PMID- 7301992 TI - Thickening the thin lips. PMID- 7301993 TI - Simple taping after chemical peels. PMID- 7301994 TI - Suction coagulation forceps for augmentation mammaplasty. PMID- 7301995 TI - Use of the soleus muscle flap to cover part of the distal tibia. AB - A method for covering soft-tissue defects overlying the distal tibia with a proximally based soleus muscle flap is described. The flap can be used to cover a portion of the distal tibia by extending the distal reach of the soleus muscle. The muscle is extended by several relaxing incisions in the epimysium. This simple procedure enables the soleus muscle to be advanced distally, extending its application for coverage of the distal lower leg. The method has been used successfully clinically, eliminating the need for more time-consuming or difficult procedures. PMID- 7301996 TI - A micrometer for microsurgery. PMID- 7301997 TI - Cephalometric analysis for upper and lower midface surgery: Part II. PMID- 7301998 TI - Complications from the treatment of fibrous capsular contracture of the breast. PMID- 7301999 TI - Treatment of plantar warts with banana skin. PMID- 7302000 TI - The elderly and aesthetic surgery. PMID- 7302001 TI - Plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 in patients with hypertension or cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7302002 TI - Testosterone regulates prostaglandin production by the rat vas deferens. PMID- 7302003 TI - [Appraisal and rehabilitation of psychiatric patients - conclusions for semi institutional centers in psychiatry]. AB - The results of an analysis of the disablement of patients suffering from ental diseases (1364 newly invalid patients in the county of Dresden in the period from 1968 to 1975) of diagnostic groups of the International Classification of Diseases being important for the national economy (diagn. numbers 295-298, 300, 301, 305) are presented and the respective conclusions drawn. In the expert rehabilitation system, the semi-clinical establishments are an important chain link because by means of occupational training at the workplace (displace therapy) residual capacities can be exactly appraised, occupational rehabilitation systematically instituted and thus early declaration invalidity prevented. PMID- 7302004 TI - [Disability in epileptics - a situation analysis in the district of Dresden]. AB - The expertise and treatment documents of 173 invalid epileptics of the period from 1967 to 1977 have been analysed according to a catalogue of 117 characteristics. Furthermore, a catamnestic questioning has been carried out in 70 cases involving unclear facts. The analysis concerned in the main the social structure, treatment and appraisement centres, mode of treatment, reasons for the declaration of invalidity, classification of epilepsy, psychic findings and rehabilitation proposals. Suggestions for the improvement of both the treatment situation and the expertise situation are derived from the results obtained. PMID- 7302005 TI - [Further experiences with the Imurek treatment in multiple sclerosis]. AB - A report is given on 82 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) who were treated over a period of up to a maximum of eight years - average treatment 4-6 years. The best results were found in patients passing through an acute episode. Among the chronic-progressive cases, 5.1 per cent of the patients showed an improvement. In 24.4 per cent of the cases the clinical picture remained unchanged. 64.1 per cent showed a deterioration. Side-effects were gastric complaints, considerable leucocyte depression, oedemas, loss of hair, strumata, increase in transaminases, recrudescence of mycosis and pyoderma. In one case a state of confusion was observed. - Special criteria for the Imurek treatment are recommended. The necessity of a closed-meshed supervision of the patients is pointed out. PMID- 7302006 TI - [Retinal vein periphlebitis - frequency, occurrence and diagnostic significance]. AB - Among 15,000 neuroophthalmological patients examined in the years 1963 to 1977, 51 showed periphlebitic changes of the retinal veins. 46 of these patients were known to suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS). From his results that changes of the fundus of the eye are associated with a high degree of probability (about 90 per cent) with multiple sclerosis. In the same period of time, 422 patients were found to suffer from MS. From this one can calculate the relative frequency of periphlebitic changes of the retinal veins in MS cases to be about 10.9 per cent. Apart from their diagnostic importance, the findings are also interesting because they may indicate the significance of periphlebitic changes in the etiopathogenesis of MS. PMID- 7302007 TI - [Recurrence in "cured" epilepsies in adults]. AB - From out outpatient department for adults we selected 63 patients out of a total of just under 600 epileptics who had been treated in an identical manner and had shown freedom for fits for many years under an anticonvulsant treatment and for whom a reduction in the dosage was carried out with the aim of completely discontinuing the administration of anticonvulsants. In most cases the diseases had been persisting for more than ten years. In the majority of the patients, the reduction of antiepileptic administration had been begun after a period of more than 3 (recently 5) years of freedom from fits with the reduction phase covering in most cases more than two years. In spite of this cautious approach, recurrence of fits occurred in 31 patients (= 49 per cent). These relapses mainly occurred immediately after beginning the reduction or in the first year after interruption of the administration of drugs. PMID- 7302008 TI - [Work capacity and multiple sclerosis]. AB - A report is given on the working capacity of 431 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) who were treated as inpatients at the neurologic-psychiatric clinic of the Medical Academy of Dresden in the period from 1960 to 1977. Leaving out of account the age when the disease began, the course of the disease and the symptoms, 84 per cent of the patients still alive were still able to work after 1 to 5 years, 80.1 per cent after 6 to 10 years and 75 per cent after more than 21 years. Patients with cerebral symptoms and those with an intermittent course of the disease were best suited for an integration in the working process. The largest part of the patients who had to be declared invalid was found among the agricultural workers. In 18.6 per cent of the patients, declaration of invalidity could be avoided by an appropriate workplace. PMID- 7302009 TI - [Admission to a psychiatric day clinic - demarcation of indications]. AB - The results of a study of 547 day-time patients of the Medical Academy of Dresden who had been taken care of at the day-and-night type therapeutic department from 1974 to 1977 are presented. In this connection, problems of the availability of the day-time clinic, diagnostic structure, age structure, professional and social status of the patient group, results of dwelling time and occupational rehabilitation in dependence upon the mode of admission to this semi-clinical care system orientated on early rehabilitation are discussed. Finally, the respective conclusions with respect to the problems discussed are drawn. PMID- 7302010 TI - [Problems in the psychological development stage diagnosis in the early assessment and early treatment of cerebral movement disordered children]. AB - From the picture of the cerebral disturbances of movement, the basically possible psychic sequelae are derived and psychodiagnostic problems and possibilities for the appraisal of the developmental stage and the intelligence of early registered children with cerebral disturbances of movement are discussed. PMID- 7302011 TI - [Organization and main trends of research in polish psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302012 TI - [Evaluation of the water-electrolyte balance (erythrocyte model) in the course of endogenous depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302013 TI - [On the pathogenesis of affective disorders occurring during treatment with disulfiram (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302014 TI - [EEG records in sleep in patients with endogenous depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302015 TI - [Psychiatric and psychological aspects of pharmacotherapy in personality disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302016 TI - [An unusual case of vagrancy in a patient (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302017 TI - [More about antiparkinson agents]. PMID- 7302018 TI - [Clozapine in the treatment of manic states]. PMID- 7302019 TI - Speech, language, and the vocal-auditory connection. PMID- 7302020 TI - The concept of developmental lines. Their diagnostic significance. PMID- 7302021 TI - What we can learn from pathology about normal development. PMID- 7302022 TI - On giving advice to parents in analysis. PMID- 7302023 TI - The adolescent's use of the body in object relationships and in the transference. A comparison of borderline and narcissistic. Modes of functioning. PMID- 7302024 TI - The psychoanalyst and the adolescent's sexual development. PMID- 7302025 TI - The significance of pets for children. Illustrated by latency-age girl's use of pets in her analysis. PMID- 7302026 TI - Insight. Its presence and absence as a factor in normal development. PMID- 7302027 TI - Insight. The Teiresian gift. PMID- 7302028 TI - Insight. Pleasurable affects associated with insight and their origins in infancy. PMID- 7302029 TI - Reminiscences and insight. PMID- 7302030 TI - Application of the metapsychological profile to the assessment of deaf children. PMID- 7302031 TI - Self theory, conflict theory, and the problem of hypochondriasis. PMID- 7302032 TI - Success through their own efforts. PMID- 7302033 TI - Anxiety, symptom formation, and ego autonomy. PMID- 7302034 TI - Balance and anxiety. PMID- 7302035 TI - "The peasant Marey". A screen memory. PMID- 7302037 TI - Extreme traumatization as cumulative trauma. Psychoanalytic investigations of the effects of concentration camp experiences on survivors and their children. PMID- 7302036 TI - The domestic dimensions of violence. Child abuse. PMID- 7302038 TI - Toward a developmental line for the acquisition of language. PMID- 7302039 TI - Theories of pathogenesis. AB - Theories of pathogenesis can be influenced by shared unconscious fantasies. This may determine the speedy enthusiasm with which some theories are accepted. In keeping with primitive, pleasure-seeking trends, it is appealing to blame illness on others and to view pathogenesis in terms of the intrusion into the self of some alien, noxious agent. These ideas can be seen in certain current theories that ascribe pathogenesis to inadequate, unempathic mothering. Such theories influence psychoanalytic technique. Analysis becomes a form of replacement therapy, in which the analyst facilitates normal development by serving as an appropriate object. This approach may gratify unconscious needs in analyst and analysand alike. The attempt to isolate one specific pathogenic factor as crucial fails to do justice to the complexity of pathogenesis and may lead to the failure to recognize the role of unconscious conflict and to analyze resistances. PMID- 7302040 TI - Self, identity, and narcissism. AB - "Self" as an isolated term is an abstraction. The concept of self, on the other hand, is an important component of psychoanalytic psychology. Does the designation of "self" as a superordinate agency add to our understanding? This paper considers the relation of the concept of self to the structural theory. In both theory and clinical practice the concept of self is prominently associated with the concepts of identity and narcissism. The latter are discussed briefly. Illustrative cases are included. PMID- 7302041 TI - The forbidden quest and the analytic ideal: the superego and insight. AB - As is evident in the history of civilization, in myths and dreams, and in Freud's self-analysis, insight has been both prohibited and heroically sought. Psychoanalytic insight into unconscious processes and contents involves a gradual transformation of inner interdictions and ideals through the tolerance of previously forbidden curiosity and knowledge. The analytic process depends upon relaxation of censorship and analysis of the motives and modes of self-criticism and self-punishment. While the superego may also uphold truth, the ideal of insight into psychic reality is relatively rare. The formation and consolidation of an analytic ideal of insight is an outgrowth of and contribution to analysis and analytic education. Analytic education should result in freedom from inner constraints on insight, in independent thought and judgement, and in a continuing "after-education." PMID- 7302042 TI - Defense and defense mechanisms. PMID- 7302043 TI - The role of unconscious homosexuality in the paranoid constellation. AB - The literature dealing with Freud's original concept of unconscious homosexuality in the paranoid constellation is reviewed. Many of the more recent contributions view unconscious homosexual features as secondary to others; as such, they are pseudophenomena. This communication suggests that unconscious homosexuality in the male is denied, rejected, and projected because the passive, anal, sadomasochistic aspects are felt as degrading and humiliating. In the female, unconscious homosexuality is also felt as degrading and humiliating. In both sexes, the feeling of humiliation derives from real experiences in childhood. Unconscious homosexuality is viewed as the organizing principle in the paranoid constellation. PMID- 7302044 TI - Notes on "multiple personality". AB - The similarity of the concepts, splitting and "multiple personality," has been generally overlooked. Both are originally present in all human beings, both have pathological connotations in clinical usage, but both may actually be observed in a wide variety of "normal" psychological phenomena. Some residues of each developmental phase are preserved in the depth of the mind. These remnants are the constituents of the multiple personality of human beings. PMID- 7302045 TI - Aggression in the service of separation-individuation. Case study of a mother daughter relationship. PMID- 7302046 TI - Transference, psychic reality, and countertransference. AB - A return to Freud's broader concepts of transference and psychic reality as general psychological principles would include applying both concepts to the analyst as well as to the patient and thus obviate the need for the concept of countertransference. PMID- 7302047 TI - Psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy. Similarities and differences twenty five years later. PMID- 7302048 TI - Character traits and object relationships. AB - Character traits have in the past been viewed as "discharge" phenomena and compromise formations. Many traits can be better understood, however, as devices for evoking particular types of response in others in order to actualize the wished-for relationships existing in unconscious fantasy. Moreover, some "evocative" character traits create the unconscious illusion of the presence of the love objects. The concept of unconscious illusion can also be used to clarify the notion of "introject," which may be understood as an illusory object perceived outside normal consciousness. PMID- 7302049 TI - Some thoughts on the "here and now" in psychoanalytic technique and process. AB - This paper consists of a series of reflections on the "here and now" in analysis, stimulated by recent renewed interest in the subject. The subject is considered briefly in historical perspective. In addition to the central issue of transference interpretation, a broader conception of current process is briefly examined. The entire "here and now" complex is viewed as dynamically indispensable to the effective reconstruction of the past. The critical role of the transference neurosis is stated. Certain dynamic and technical desiderata are developed. The importance of adequate attention to the patient's "reality" is emphasized in its multiple references. PMID- 7302050 TI - Orthographic variations and visual information processing. PMID- 7302051 TI - Sex differences in schizophrenia: timing or subtypes? PMID- 7302052 TI - Existence of classical projection and the stress-reducing function of attributive projection: a reply to Sherwood. PMID- 7302053 TI - Social skills intervention in the treatment of isolated or withdrawn children. PMID- 7302054 TI - Memory and aging: the role of retrieval processes. PMID- 7302055 TI - State-trait anxiety and biofeedback mediated control of peripheral vasomotor responses. PMID- 7302056 TI - Factors related to academic and job performance of graduates of practical nursing programs. PMID- 7302058 TI - Chronic illicit drug abusers: gender comparisons. PMID- 7302057 TI - Relationship between women's attitudes and choice of birth control. PMID- 7302060 TI - Determinants of the therapeutic bond: how to engage patients. PMID- 7302059 TI - Preliminary findings of personality differences between nulliparas and repeated aborters along the dimensions of locus of control and impulsivity. PMID- 7302062 TI - Comparison of cue-controlled relaxation and cognitive restructuring versus study skills counseling in treatment of test-anxious college underachievers. PMID- 7302061 TI - Clients' satisfaction and interpersonal trust among hospitalized psychiatric patients. PMID- 7302063 TI - Naturalistic observation in assessment of behavioral marital therapy. PMID- 7302064 TI - Anomia in rural women: a longitudinal comparison of two measures. PMID- 7302065 TI - Indications and contraindications in the use of therapist's self-disclosure. PMID- 7302066 TI - Sex differences, internal-external control, and vulnerability to life stress. PMID- 7302067 TI - Comparative analysis of immigration and suicide. PMID- 7302068 TI - The brain and behavior: casting light into the "black-box". PMID- 7302069 TI - Abuse of inhalants: motivation and consequences. PMID- 7302070 TI - Test anxiety, level an accuracy of predicted performance. PMID- 7302071 TI - Medical sex education: dogmatism and students' performance. PMID- 7302072 TI - Differentiation of aggressive and nonaggressive schizophrenics with the Hand Test: another failure. PMID- 7302073 TI - Responsible assertion and coping with stress. PMID- 7302074 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility and conformity: in the mediational mechanism of suggestibility. PMID- 7302075 TI - Investigation of personal investment in behavioral role-playing tasks used to assess assertiveness. PMID- 7302076 TI - Ethics of prediction of future dangerousness. PMID- 7302077 TI - Effects of behavioral intervention and interpersonal feedback on fear and avoidance components of severe agoraphobia: a case analysis. PMID- 7302078 TI - Male homosexual responses to MMPI combined subscales Mf1 and Mf2. PMID- 7302079 TI - Responses of terrestrial slugs to secretions of stressed conspecifics. PMID- 7302080 TI - Attitudes toward laetrile in relation to death anxiety and experience with cancer in the family. PMID- 7302081 TI - Self-consciousness in schizophrenics. PMID- 7302082 TI - Comparison of modeling and cognitive rehearsal in reduction of snake avoidance. PMID- 7302083 TI - Death anxiety and knowledge about death. PMID- 7302084 TI - Season of birth and intelligence in samples of exceptional children. PMID- 7302085 TI - Clinical applications of the BEM sex-role inventory with university women. PMID- 7302086 TI - Rationalization as the major defense in hypochondriasis. PMID- 7302087 TI - The utilization of intraword structure in poor readers: experimental evidence and a training program. PMID- 7302088 TI - The effects of manual tracing on memory in normal and retarded readers: some implications for multi-sensory teaching. PMID- 7302089 TI - Visual memory and phonological skills in reading and spelling backwardness. PMID- 7302090 TI - Visual and name coding in dyslexic children. PMID- 7302092 TI - Do dyslexics have difficulty accessing articulatory information? PMID- 7302091 TI - Phonemic deficits in developmental dyslexia. PMID- 7302093 TI - Spelling, reading and adult illiteracy. PMID- 7302094 TI - Experimental approaches to developmental dyslexia: an introduction. PMID- 7302095 TI - The medical officer of environmental health. PMID- 7302096 TI - Lead poisoning and traditional practices: the consequences for world health. A study in Kuwait. PMID- 7302098 TI - An attempt at measuring the impact of sanitation and economics on health: a reanalysis of the Colombian National Health Survey. PMID- 7302097 TI - Gallstone disease in diabetics: analysis using multiple-cause mortality tables. PMID- 7302099 TI - The prevalence of Toxocara infection in a child population. PMID- 7302100 TI - Uptake of rubella vaccination in eight schools in the city of Nottingham. PMID- 7302101 TI - Empyema in childhood. PMID- 7302102 TI - Block grants and the resurgence of federalism. AB - In an address, this past summer, to the National Convention of State Legislatures, President Reagan captured to essence of the block grant proposal in a sentence. "Our task," the President said, "is to restore the constitutional symmetry between the Central Government and the States and to re-establish the freedom and variety of federalism." Consolidating the current profusion of complex and often overlapping Federal health grants into four State-administered packages will greatly reduce administrative costs and allow us to make wise use of scarce health dollars in a time of economic trial. At the same time, these changes will give States the managerial and policy flexibility that they need, but have lacked, to respond to their own most pressing needs. Of perhaps most importance in the long run, this system of grants will return a just portion of responsibility for the preservation and improvement of our health care system to the States, their communities, and the people. It is precisely this kind of equilibrium, this symmetry, that the President had in mind and that, for too many years, the Federal-State-Private partnership in health has been without. The restoration of this equilibrium, it should be noted by all, is underway. PMID- 7302103 TI - Federal health services grants, 1980. PMID- 7302105 TI - Recent trends in public knowledge, attitudes, and reported behavior with respect to high blood pressure. PMID- 7302104 TI - Implementation of a hypertension control program in the county of North Karelia, Finland. AB - A hypertension control program was established as part of the more comprehensive North Karelia Project. This project was started in 1972 in response to a petition from the population of North Karelia, a county in Finland, asking for national assistance to reduce the exceptionally high cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in the area. The North Karelia Project was carried out from 1972 to 1977.The hypertension control program was implemented mainly in local health centers by physicians and public health nurses, who followed guidelines issued by the project staff and worked under its supervision.Although the target population for the North Karelia Project was the entire population of North Karelia, the project focused on middle-aged men. The hypertension subprogram was introduced in steps. Its objectives included the training of health personnel, establishment of an information system in the county to educate people about hypertension, and organization of the detection, treatment, and followup of hypertensives. A hypertension dispensary was established in each of the 12 health centers in the county. Continuous training of the local public health nurses and physicians faciliated integration of the hypertension program into the operations of the health centers.A central hypertension register and the hypertension control clinics at the health centers were the essential tools in the systematic followup of hypertensives. Some 17,000 hypertensives were on the register by the end of the 5-year project.The main aim in providing health education about hypertension, as well as in treating hypertension itself, was to prevent severe cardiovascular diseases as a whole. Therefore the hypertension control program was integrated into the comprehensive cardiovascular disease control program, and hypertensives received advice concerning smoking and dietary changes as well as about high blood pressure.A survey of health care personnel in North Karelia and in a reference area showed that the care of hypertensives was more systematic in North Karelia and that its health care personnel were more satisfied with the cardiovascular disease care that was provided. PMID- 7302106 TI - Factors affecting the use of vaccines: considerations for immunization program planners. PMID- 7302107 TI - Project to improve child health in a health district of South Carolina. PMID- 7302108 TI - Dental fluorosis in children exposed to multiple sources of fluoride: implications for school fluoridation programs. AB - Naturally occurring fluorides of varying levels made possible a study do determine if continuous, lifetime use of home drinking water fluoridated to optimum levels combined with the use of school fluoridated water beginning at school age causes objectionable levels of dental fluorosis as defined by Dr. H. Trendley Dean in 1936. Examinations were performed on 120 children who had fluoride concentrations in home well water ranging from 0.1 to 6.5 ppm and attended a school with a private water source containing 4.5 ppm natural fluoride (5.6 times the optimum for community fluoridation in the area). Fluorosis scores were calculated for each of four groups formed according to fluoride concentrations in home water supplies. The group with an average concentration of 0.87 ppm was found to have a Community Index of Dental Fluorosis well within Dean's normal limits. The results suggest that children consuming water at home containing the optimal fluoride concentration and drinking water at school containing the recommended fluoride level (4.5 times the optimum) are not at risk to dental fluorosis that impairs appearance. If this finding is corroborated by future clinical studies, the target population for school fluoridation can be expanded and the administration of these programs facilitated. PMID- 7302112 TI - HMOs and physician recruiting: a survey of problems and methods among group practice plans. AB - A mail survey was conducted among 69 group practice health maintenance organizations (HMOs) to collect information on the recruiting of primary care physicians and specialists. In reporting on difficulties in recruiting physicians for primary care, the medical directors of HMOs indicated that the greatest problem was locating obstetrician-gynecologists. Among specialists, recruiting for orthopedists was reported as being most difficult, although plans that employ neurologists and anesthesiologists generally reported great difficulty in recruiting these specialists. The most important source of new physicians is the pool of the those completing residencies, describe by nearly three out of four plans as a very important resource. The next most important source was faculty or staff of medical schools or teaching hospitals. The recruiting methods reported by most plans as the most useful are direct personal contacts and advertisements in newspapers and journals. About one-fourth of the HMOs found unsolicited inquiries from physicians a useful method of recruiting. The problem most frequently reported in recruiting new physicians was that of matching fee-for services incomes and second, but far less frequently mentioned, was physician prejudice against group practice. About one in four plans report that residents trained in their own HMOs were a useful recruiting source. PMID- 7302111 TI - Hospital-based education programs for patients: views of health care professionals in Maine. PMID- 7302110 TI - The future of the health education profession: implications for preparation and practice. AB - The health education profession has come to a critical point in its development. If health education is to fulfill its promise as a worthwhile strategy to improve health, the specific competencies of health education specialists and, concomitantly, the educational preparation that they need must be clearly defined. In the past, no clear definition was possible because of the diversity of preparatory programs, the absence of commonly accepted accreditation standards, educators, inconsistent employment requirements, inadequate manpower data, and poor mechanisms for quality assurance. Health educators are examining the various forms of credentialing--accreditation, licensure, and certification- with a view to their use as a means of strengthening the profession's preparation and practice standards. A Role Delineation Project undertaken by the National Center for Health Education, San Francisco, under a contract with the Bureau of Health Professions of the Health Resources Administration, has been completed. Activities that will be carried out subsequent to role delineation are expected to enable the health profession to resolve systematically fundamental issues in respect to manpower standards. PMID- 7302113 TI - The use of hospital resources to treat incomplete abortions: examples from Latin America. PMID- 7302109 TI - 12-county program: screening of 34,318 women for cervical cancer in California, 1975-78. AB - The California Department of Health Services conducted a cervical cancer screening program in 12 counties where local health agencies provided the screening services. A major purpose of the study was to screen women at high risk of cervical cancer and to assure that women with abnormal results on cervical cytology testing obtained appropriate diagnostic workup and treatment. A total of 34,318 women were screened, and 7,811 returned for up to 3 annual rescreening examinations. Final cytologic results were 33,658 normal, 100 unsatisfactory, and 560 abnormal smears. Of the abnormal smears, 484 were indicative of cervical dysplasia, 41 of in situ cervical cancer and 22 of invasive cervical cancer. In 13 women, endometrial cancer was suspected. Complete followup information on diagnostic evaluation and treatment was obtained for 80 percent of the women with abnormal Pap test results. Histological confirmation of neoplasia was reported for 173 women. The diagnoses were cervical dysplasia in 108, cervical cancer in 58 (49 in situ, 9 invasive) and endometrial cancer in 7. The program reached greater proportions of older women, the less affluent, women of Spanish origin and oriental women and a smaller proportion of blacks than were present in the general female population of California. PMID- 7302114 TI - Characteristics of the human and pet populations in animal bite incidents recorded at two Air Force bases. AB - Animal bites reported at Scott Air Force Base, Ill., and Whiteman Air Force Base, Mo., were investigated to determine the incidence of reported bites and possible causes. Data were collected by abstracting information contained in animal bite files maintained by the Base veterinary Office. A total of 696 bite incidents were reported for the 24 months from January 1976 through December 1977. An overall incidence rate of 1,390 bites per 100,000 persons was calculated from these statistics. This rate is far greater than the previous estimates of 800 animal bites per 100,000 for an urban population. Males less than 18 years old were the group most frequently bitten; they had an incidence rate of 2,419 bites per 100,000. These data support the hypothesis that animal bites occur more frequently than previous studies have shown. Most bites resulted in minor injuries to the victim and were inflicted on the extremities. The incident occurred most commonly on the owner's property. The highest incidence of bites occurred during the summer months and in the early afternoon and evening. Animals in the study had a bite rate of 7.36 per 100 animals. The rate was significantly higher for male dogs 1 to 4 years old (12.1 bites per 100 male dogs). Certain breeds of dogs were more frequently involved. Collies and German shepherds ran twice the risk of being biters as mixed breed dogs. Working breeds and sporting breeds also had a higher risk of being biters than toy breeds as well as a higher rate of more severe bites than toy breeds. PMID- 7302115 TI - Diffuse interstitial renal tuberculosis--an unusual cause of renal failure. AB - Three immigrant patients are described with diffuse interstitial renal tuberculosis. Two had associated pulmonary tuberculosis and the third had tuberculous peritonitis. Excretion urography gave no clue to the diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis by renal biopsy two patients had severe chronic renal failure. In one, renal impairment had progressed during the course of anti tuberculous treatment. The third patient showed marked fluctuations in renal function, and improvement appeared to relate to concomitant corticosteroid therapy. The importance of this particular form of renal tuberculosis has not previously been emphasized. PMID- 7302116 TI - Treatment with haematin in acute hepatic porphyria. AB - We report our experience with intravenous haematin in the treatment of 13 attacks of acute porphyria in eight patients. Seven patients had acute intermittent porphyria and one variegate porphyria. Peripheral neuropathy was a feature of nine of the attacks and in two the neuropathy necessitated assisted ventilation. The haematin lowered the urinary excretion of porphyrins and precursors in all patients by approximately 50 per cent of the pre-haematin values. It also repressed the activity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase, the rate controlling enzyme of haem biosynthesis, in peripheral leucocytes in seven of the nine patients in whom it was monitored. The clinical response was less consistent, with clinical improvement accompanying only half of the courses. The two patients with respiratory paralysis died. There was localized phlebitis at the injection site following five of the courses but no other side-effects were noted. Previously published reports of haematin therapy for acute porphyria are reviewed. These consist of 45 courses in 32 patients. Biochemical improvement was a consistent finding. Clinical response has been less consistent. Twenty-four of the courses were associated with sustained improvement, ten with temporary improvement--relapse occurring within two to 14 days (three fatal). In eleven there was no improvement and three died. PMID- 7302118 TI - A prospective study of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder ("frozen shoulder') in a high risk population. AB - In order to evaluate risk factors for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder ("frozen shoulder') a prospective study was carried out in neurosurgical patients, in whom there is a high incidence of capsulitis. Ninety-nine patients were admitted into the study, most of whom had surgical treatment for sub arachnoid haemorrhage. Ninety-one patients (92 per cent) were followed up at six months, and of these 23 (25.3 per cent) had developed adhesive capsulitis, which was bilateral in three. Three patients developed the shoulder-hand syndrome. By comparing the patients with capsulitis at six months with those in whom no capsulitis was found, we were able to evaluate 28 possible risk factors (Appendix I). The subsequent development of adhesive capsulitis in our patients was associated with, (1) impairment of consciousness, (2) hemiparesis, (3) duration of post-operative intravenous infusion, (4) age, and (5) depressive personality. These five associations were statistically significant. Associations with phenobarbitine therapy and hysterical personality were suggested, but these did not reach statistical significance. Routine treatment with corticosteroids post operatively did not prevent capsulitis. PMID- 7302119 TI - The treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension: a combined fludrocortisone and flurbiprofen regime. AB - We report our experience in the management of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension using the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, flurbiprofen. In five subjects with proven autonomic failure the effect on blood pressure of the addition of flurbiprofen (or fludrocortisone) to the previous drug regime was assessed. Both lying and standing blood pressure were seen to rise with fludrocortisone treatment although the change in standing blood pressure was not statistically significant. Flurbiprofen, in contrast, produced no change in lying blood pressure but a significant rise in standing blood pressure. Digital blood flow measurements were made on three subjects before and after flurbiprofen and a dose related reduction in post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia was demonstrated suggesting an effect of this drug on precapillary smooth muscle tonus. Two patients failed to maintain a long-term response to treatment with flurbiprofen and fludrocortisone but have been helped by the addition of I) ephedrine or II) tyramine an monoamine oxidase inhibitor (phenelzine). We recommend a stepwise approach to treatment in this condition commencing with flurbiprofen and adding fludrocortisone later if necessary. This approach would appear to offer the maximum benefit with a minimum of side effects. PMID- 7302120 TI - A survey of schoolchildren from a severe endemic goitre area in Spain. AB - All the boys and girls between six and fourteen years old regularly attending school in three villages from an area in Spain known ass Las Hurdes were studied with respect to thyroid size, body weight and height. Casual urine samples were obtained for the determination of iodine and creatine concentrations. Capillary blood was spotted on filter paper and used for the determination of thyroxine and thyrotropin by radioimmunoassay. The same survey was carried out in 354 school children from Madrid, whose data were used as a reference of the adequacy of the methods employed in Las Hurdes. Goitre prevalence was very high, the overall frequency being 86 per cent. The concentration of iodine in the urine was less than 20 micrograms/1 in 71 per cent of the school children. The concentration of creatine in the urine was also half that found in children from Madrid, and the daily creatine excretion in children from Las Hurdes was lower than expected from their body weight. Their somatic development, as measured by height and weight, was retarded markedly, both as compared to the Madrid reference group and to international charts. Serum T4 was less than 78 nmol/l ( micrograms/kl) in 46 per cent, of the children from Hurdes, and serum TSH greater than 7.5 mU/l in 40 per cent. A relatively low stature (below the 10th percentile) was associated with either a low serum T4, an elevated serum TSH, or both, in 30 per cent of the children. These results indicate that the persistence of endemic goitre in Las Hurdes is of great significance and that there is a continuing risk of the birth of cretins. Observations made a decade earlier in the same area show that the goitre endemic is not diminishing, and that an iodization programme is urgently needed. It also appears that a high proportion of the "normal' schoolchildren have features found in hypothyroidism. PMID- 7302117 TI - Minoxidil in the management of intractable hypertension. AB - Eighty-seven patients with intractable hypertension received minoxidil for a mean duration of 27 months (range three months to five years). A significant reduction in mean outpatient blood pressure from 206/129 to 158/98 mmHg (p less than 0.001 for both systolic and diastolic values) was recorded after one month's treatment. In 26 patients who received minoxidil for four or more years a further reduction in mean blood pressure to 147/89 mmHg was achieved. The mean daily dose of minoxidil was 23 mg (range 2.5 to 60 mg). In all patients a beta adrenergic neurone blocker and a diuretic were prescribed with minoxidil to counteract tachycardia and fluid retention. Thirteen patients required the addition of a fourth hypotensive agent. The use of minoxidil led to simpler drug regimens with the majority of patients well controlled on twice daily or once daily schedules. Most patients commented spontaneously on a feeling of improved wellbeing while taking minoxidil which also appeared to be relatively free from side effects commonly encountered with other hypotensive drugs, particularly drowsiness, dizziness and impotence. Fluid retention of 7 kg or more occurred in 18 patients, more commonly in those with renal impairment, but could be controlled by increasing the dose or potency of diuretics. Four patients with end stage renal failure and one patient with normal renal function developed pericardial effusions. Hirsutism was universal and limited the usefulness of the drug in women. We currently recommend minoxidil for hypertensive men who diastolic blood pressure remains greater than or equal to 110 mmHg despite an adequate trial of a beta adrenergic neurone blocker, diuretic and an additional drug, or for patients who find the side effects of such therapy intolerable. PMID- 7302121 TI - Detection of microwave heating in 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced hypothermic mice. PMID- 7302122 TI - Differential RBE values obtained for mammary adenocarcinoma tumor cell subpopulations after 14.8-MeV neutron irradiation. PMID- 7302123 TI - The relative biological effect of high-Z, high-LET charged particles for spermatogonial killing. PMID- 7302124 TI - Enhanced radiation-induced killing of Chinese hamster cells by dideoxythymidine. PMID- 7302125 TI - The effects of fractionated doses of fast neutrons or photons on the canine cervical spinal cord. PMID- 7302126 TI - Improved monitoring system of neutron flux during boron-neutron capture therapy. PMID- 7302127 TI - Xeroderma Pigmentosum and medulloblastoma: chromosomal damage to lymphocytes during radiotherapy. PMID- 7302128 TI - Radiolysis study of the alloxan-dialuric acid couple. II. The autoxidation of dialuric acid. PMID- 7302129 TI - Pressure-mediated reduction of ultrasonically induced cell lysis. PMID- 7302131 TI - The gastrointestinal absorption of protactinium, uranium, and neptunium in the hamster. PMID- 7302134 TI - Effects of 163-nm vacuum uv radiation on the initiation of mitosis in Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7302133 TI - The effect of hyperthermia on replicating chromatin. PMID- 7302132 TI - Hypoxic fraction and repair of potentially lethal radiation damage in two human melanomas transplanted into nude mice. PMID- 7302130 TI - Preferential synthesis of low-molecular-weight RNA in uv-irradiated plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 7302136 TI - Temporal and spatial response of marrow colony-forming cells (CFU-s and CFU-c) after 226 Ra incorporation in BALB/c mice. PMID- 7302137 TI - A morphometric study of rat and hamster lung following inhalation of 239 PuO2. PMID- 7302135 TI - Effect of ethanol on the radiation sensitivity of human hemoglobin. PMID- 7302138 TI - Protection against hyperthermic cell killing of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells in vitro by N,N-dimethylformamide. PMID- 7302139 TI - Distribution of inhaled 238PuO2 particles in Syrian hamster lungs. PMID- 7302140 TI - Radiation-enhanced cytotoxicity of misonidazole. PMID- 7302141 TI - Combined effects of misonidazole radiosensitization and hypoxic cell toxicity in mammalian cells. PMID- 7302145 TI - Computing in the National Health Service. PMID- 7302144 TI - Interaction between chlorpromazine and radiation damage to human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7302142 TI - The effect of combinations of nitroaromatic and nitroxyl radiosensitizers on the radiation survival response of Chinese hamster cells, V.79-753B, in vitro. PMID- 7302143 TI - Interaction of mono- and polyhydroxy alcohols with hyperthermia in CHO cells. PMID- 7302146 TI - Use of the special projects team in the Environmental Health Department. PMID- 7302147 TI - Nutrition and multi-ethnic groups. PMID- 7302148 TI - Standard fire tests for building materials and structures. PMID- 7302149 TI - Priorities in nurse education. PMID- 7302150 TI - Adverse effects of food on human health. PMID- 7302151 TI - Some relationships between body image, "energy balance' and body weight loss in male and female students undergoing voluntary slimming. PMID- 7302153 TI - Inspection of Crown premises. PMID- 7302152 TI - The role of health education in the prevention of dental disease. PMID- 7302154 TI - The community health knowledge among senior school students in the University Community Health Project Area - Kotte, Sri Lanka. PMID- 7302155 TI - [Action of radioprotectors on yeast cells of the genus Pichia exposed to ionizing radiation]. PMID- 7302156 TI - [Mutations of antibiotic resistance in vibrios under gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7302157 TI - [Effect of the female mouse genotype on the yield of dominant lethal mutations induced by irradiation in the mature sperm of CBA strain males]. PMID- 7302158 TI - [Characteristics of mouse lymph node reaction to vaccine administration after nonuniform irradiation]. PMID- 7302159 TI - [Reaction of dogs to gamma-neutron and x-ray irradiation of the upper abdomen. 3. Gastric secretion in pharmacological exclusion of autonomic nervous system function]. PMID- 7302160 TI - [Postradiation recovery of human erythrocytes in in vitro experiments studied by the double-dose method]. PMID- 7302161 TI - [Endocrine system reaction of male rats to 75Se-sodium selenite administration]. PMID- 7302162 TI - [Effect of microwave irradiation on hematopoietic stem cells in mice and its action on animal resistance to ionizing radiation]. PMID- 7302163 TI - [Changes in the photosynthetic activity and assimilate transport in buckwheat ontogeny in relation to presowing seed irradiation]. PMID- 7302164 TI - [Determination of the molecular activity gamma-irradiated acetylcholinesterase]. PMID- 7302165 TI - [Protein metabolic indices in radiation sickness and the administration of cystamine]. PMID- 7302166 TI - [Role of an increased number of cytoproteins in the effect of enhancing the ultraviolet fluorescence of irradiated Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells]. PMID- 7302167 TI - [Effect of serotonin on the content and intensity of renewal of lipid fractions in nonirradiated and irradiated erythrocytes]. PMID- 7302168 TI - [Test for the mutagenicity of fish filet exposed to gamma-irradiation]. PMID- 7302169 TI - [Coenzyme Q9 modification of radiation injury]. PMID- 7302170 TI - [Effects of dosage redistribution in the tissues at the boundaries between bone and metals in x- and gamma-irradiation]. PMID- 7302171 TI - [Effect of the spatial correlation of secondary particle tracks in nuclear interactions on energy absorption in micro-objects]. PMID- 7302172 TI - [Microdistribution of 239Pu in the eye tissues of dogs after its inhalation as the dioxide]. PMID- 7302173 TI - [Effect of intratracheal plutonium-239 administration on the sexual function of female rats and their progeny]. PMID- 7302174 TI - [Absence of an additive effect in the combined irradiation of Crepis capillaris seeds and seedlings with gamma rays and neutrons]. PMID- 7302175 TI - Lacrimal drainage system. Part i: macrodacryocystography. PMID- 7302176 TI - The University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. PMID- 7302177 TI - Radiological skeletal survey for aseptic necrosis of bone in divers and compressed air workers. Notes prepared by the Medical Research Council Decompression Sickness Panel. PMID- 7302178 TI - Parallel and focused grids. PMID- 7302179 TI - Lacrimal drainage system. Part II: Radionuclide dacryocystography ("lacrimal scan"). PMID- 7302180 TI - Double contrast shoulder arthrography. PMID- 7302181 TI - A radiodiagnostic technique to show the zygomatic process. PMID- 7302182 TI - [RBE determinations of tumours by serum aldolase? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302183 TI - [[Results of irradiation of malignant tumours of the paranasal sinuses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302184 TI - Pilot study on neutron therapy. Part 1: The applicability of neutron therapy. PMID- 7302185 TI - Pilot study on neutron therapy. Part 2: Physical and technical requirements. PMID- 7302186 TI - Pilot study on neutron therapy. Part 3: Experimental radiobiological investigations. PMID- 7302187 TI - The x-ray sterilization of axillary metastases in patients with breast cancer irradiated preoperatively. PMID- 7302189 TI - [Investigations on the radiomodifying effect of procain hydrochloride on the model of the multicellular spheroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302188 TI - Modification of postnatal leucocyte count in Swiss albino mice after gamma irradiation in utero by MPG (2-mercapto-propionyl-glycine). PMID- 7302190 TI - Protection of hemopoietic tissue in whole body gamma irradiated mice by cystamine given intramuscularly. PMID- 7302191 TI - The modification of toxic and radioprotective effects of cystamine by calcium ions in rats. PMID- 7302192 TI - [On the radioprotective activity of lipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302193 TI - [The specific effect of small doses of ionizing radiation on seeds of cultivated plants. Part VI: Production trials for the practical test of the moveable seed irradiation unit "Kolos" under the production conditions of the German Democratic Republic]. PMID- 7302194 TI - [Radiation exposure in total body computer tomography with a high number of individual cross-sections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302196 TI - Symposium on pediatric computed tomography. PMID- 7302195 TI - Importance of nuclear medical methods in monitored series of patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7302197 TI - Techniques for computed tomography in infants and children. PMID- 7302199 TI - [X-ray Investigations in Intensive Care Units. Development, Organization and Methods (author's transl)]. AB - From special care following surgery and from artificial respiration of polio patients the modern and very special intensive medical care has developed. At the same time the provisional "bedside radiology" was improved to one branch of clinical radiology with special organisation and methods of investigation. Importance and urgency of radiological information are requiring close cooperation of all medical branches. Functions of these different groups have to be defined. The movable X-ray apparatus of 20 kV output is necessary for every intensive care unit. Hard beam technique for lung X-rays, scattered radiation grids and adequate positioning of the patient are important to get the same high quality are important to get the same high quality are important to get the same high quality pictures than from the radiological department. PMID- 7302198 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in children. PMID- 7302200 TI - [Hemorrhage of the lung of Newborns and its differential diagnosis]. AB - Chest x-rays of 17 newborns suffering from hemorrhage of the lung were analysed with special respect to kind of shadow and translucency. Most significant findings were fine-grained, coarse-spotted, striated, and homogeneous shadows, indicating the hemorrhage. Differentiation of hyaline membranes in most cases is easy, whereas difficulties are arising for differentiation of hemorrhage and interstitial edema in cardiac decompensation and especially in shunt-heart defects. Differentiation with respect to pneumonic infiltrations is not possible except in white lungs, although signs of emphysema are giving indirect indication to a pneumonic infiltration. chest x-rays are very useful to find out shadows, to differentiate other reasons of a respiratory distress syndrome, and for follow-up investigations. PMID- 7302201 TI - [X-Ray diagnosis of pneumothorax in intensive care units (author's transl)]. AB - Pneumothorax is the most severe manifestation of pulmonary barotrauma which occurs in mechanical ventilation. Diagnosis of pneumothorax in intensive care radiology is of particular difficulty. Chest radiographs in supine position show a variety of signs which may be helpful but are not conclusive. There are different techniques for verification of ventrally located pneumothorax. 45 degrees tangential radiographs of the hemithorax in question are most conclusive for demonstration of extrapulmonary air located inside the pleural cavity. This 45 degrees technique ist easy to carry out without changing the patients position. PMID- 7302202 TI - Late haemodynamic response to metrizamide and ioxaglate in canine renal angiography. Preliminary report. AB - The renal blood flow as examined in six dogs for 2 h after contrast agent injection into the renal artery using the dye dilution method. After injection of an ionic contrast agent (iodamide) there was an initial vasodilatation and later constriction, but the blood flow was back to normal after 10-15 min. Ioxaglate caused a similar initial response, but after a relatively large dose the blood flow remained below normal for 2 h. Metrizamide caused an immediate reduction in the blood flow, which remained constantly reduced for 2 h. A total cessation of the renal blood flow was seen in two cases. PMID- 7302203 TI - [Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta?]. PMID- 7302204 TI - [New markings of central venous catheters, an improvement for localisation on x ray pictures (author's transl)]. AB - Despite the inweave of an X-ray positive thread the tip of a venous catheter is not always clearly delineated in the roentgenogram. The use of a new type of marking is considered to be constructive. The tip and further clearly identifiable equidistant markings along the length of the catheter are suggested. These facilitate an exact localisation of the catheter either directly or indirectly, and thus necessary corrections can be undertaken easily and exactly. Catheter fractures, embolisation of such fragments and extravenous placement of the catheter are immediately discernible. Furthermore we assume that X-ray dosage can be reduced and contrast medium accidents can be avoided. PMID- 7302205 TI - [Midline-malformations of brain shown by computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - The so-called midline-malformations of the brain which include alterations of ventricles or arachnoid spaces formerly only were found by invasive procedures performed because of their various clinical signs. Since cranial computerized tomography is available, by this new noninvasive method all these disturbances can be diagnosed safely. The paper is referring to the most frequent and essential exponents of these midline-malformations together with their main features in anatomy, pathomorphology, clinical and radiological signs. The persistent performed cavities especially the cavum septi pellucidi, the cavum Vergae and the cavum veli interpositi, additionally the agenesis of the corpus callosum, the Dandy-Walker-syndrome and the Chiari-malformations are described by typical cases. In conclusion the reliability of diagnosis in all cases of midline malformations will be mostly sufficient by plain axial computed tomograms due to very clearly defined unmistakable pictures. PMID- 7302206 TI - [Value of brain sonography in newborns and children (author's transl)]. AB - Intracranial changes of newborns and young children can easily be discovered by modern sonography, especially as long as fontanelles are still open. Sonography of brain first should be done before computed tomography, encephalography and/or ventriculography are performed. Correspondence of most sonographic findings and computed tomography by other authors, is supporting reduction of CT investigations in favour of sonography. We cannot agree with the idea that computed tomography should be the most important first investigation. Technical reasons as thick skull or closed fontanelles are making sonography impossible and computer tomography should be used. Special examples out of about 1100 Sonograms of skulls of children are demonstrating, that sonography of newborns and children is the method, which is cheap, without risk, less time consuming, and without any radiation stress. PMID- 7302207 TI - [Hip dysplasia and congenital hip dislocation - a roentgenometric study in 110 families (author's transl)]. AB - In human genetics and orthopedics quite different answers have been given to the question of hereditary transmission and frequency of hip dysplasia in families of children with congenital hip dislocation. We therefore have made roentgenometric measurements of 110 parents of children with congenital hip dislocation. In 25% we found abnormal flat acetabulae, whereas 12% had pathologic deep hips. This may propose a new concept of morphology of congenital hip dysplasia. PMID- 7302208 TI - [Radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diseases of the thymus in children (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on observations of her own the author is presenting some diagnostic problems concerned with the differentiation of mediastinum in children. The material includes one case of thymic cyst in an infant and 4 cases of hyperplasias of the thymus. Hyperplasias of of the thymus were found in 4 brothers. In 3 cases the hyperplastic thymus markedly increased in size. The clinical findings did not coincide in all cases with the radiological picture. PMID- 7302209 TI - Thymic cysts following radiation therapy for Hodgkin disease. PMID- 7302210 TI - Clinical and radiographic manifestations of aortoesophageal fistulas. AB - Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta simulated primary esophageal disease both clinically and radiographically in 5 patients. Four had an aortoesophageal fistula at the time of presentation; endoscopic biopsy of a presumed esophageal tumor precipitated hematemesis in the fifth patient. In retrospect, the fistulas were demonstrated by barium esophagography in 3 patients. In 3, arteriography showed the aortic aneurysm but failed to reveal the fistula. The literature confirms a similar presentation for most other aortoesophageal fistulas, with premonitory esophageal bleeding followed hours to days later by massive hemorrhage. Of the reported cases of rupture of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta, 12% bled into the esophagus. While clinical and radiographic distinction between primary esophageal disease and esophageal manifestations of an aortic aneurysm is occasionally difficult, it is crucial for proper management. PMID- 7302211 TI - Glycogen plaques (glycogenic acanthosis) of the esophagus. PMID- 7302212 TI - Herpetic esophagitis. AB - Four patients with herpetic esophagitis were examined. In three of them, the presenting symptom was odynophagia. Early in the course of herpetic esophagitis, shallow round and oval ulcers were seen on barium esophagograms. Later, the ulcers filled with fibrinous exudate, forming nodular plaques that projected into the esophageal lumen. Although these findings are diagnostic of esophagitis, they are not specific for a herpes virus infection. The definitive diagnosis must be established by histologic examination, which demonstrates the cytopathic effect of the herpes virus infection within the squamous epithelium. PMID- 7302213 TI - Digital examination of the rectum as a source of rectal gas. PMID- 7302214 TI - Ablation of renal tumors with absolute ethanol: a new technique. AB - Transcatheter injection of absolute ethanol into the renal artery is an effective method of producing renal ablation. There has been no evidence of inadvertent damage to vessels or tissues remote from the target organ. The "postembolization syndrome" of pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever is minimal when compared with other methods of renal artery occlusion. Multiple mechanisms of action of intraarterial ethanol are proposed, including perivascular tissue toxicity, sludging of erythrocytes in small arteries, small artery spasm, and endothelial damage. Experience with this technique in six patients has resulted in specific recommendations regarding the amount and method of injection of ethanol. Angiographic criteria indicating adequate renal ablation are described. PMID- 7302215 TI - Synovial plicae of the knee. AB - Synovial plicae are remnants of synovial tissue found in the adult knee which in early development partitioned the joint into three compartments. The most common types are the suprapatellar, medial patellar, and infrapatellar plicae. Although they are normally found in up to 60% of adult knees, plicae may become pathologically thickened and symptomatic, resulting in the "plicae syndrome." In addition, persistence of these structures in their embryonic form as complete septa may give rise to a variety of intra-articular compartmental syndromes, medial patellar, and infrapatellar plicae. Although they are normally found in up to 60% of adult knees, plicae may become pathologically thickened and symptomatic, resulting in the "plicae syndrome." In addition, persistence of these structures in their embryonic form as complete septa may give rise to a varietellar, medial patellar, and infrapatellar plicae. Although they are normally found in up to 60% of adult knees, plicae may become pathologically thickened and symptomatic, resulting in the "plicae syndrome." In addition, persistence of these structures in their embryonic form as complete septa may give rise to a variety of intra-articular compartmental syndromes. This report describes the anatomy and embryology of synovial plicae, as well as the clinical and radiographic findings associated with abnormal plicae in a variety of clinical entities. PMID- 7302216 TI - Post-traumatic osteochondral "loose body" of the olecranon fossa. An entity which can be mistaken for a normal anatomical variant or osteoid osteoma. PMID- 7302217 TI - The widened disk space: a sign of cervical hyperextension injury. PMID- 7302219 TI - The diagnostic and therapeutic value of breast cyst puncture and pneumocystography. AB - Out of 53,459 women undergoing mammography, 434 pneumocystographic examinations were performed in 338 patients. Thirteen benign and 13 malignant intracystic tumors were detected, for a frequency of 6.0%. Intracystic cancers comprised 1.3% of all malignant tumors. Neither visual nor cytological examination of cyst fluid was sufficient to detect or rule out cancer, and the authors feel that pneumocystography is the only reliable method. Excision is the preferred therapy, and histological examination is the definitive method of differentiating benign from malignant tumors. In more than 97% of cases, pneumocystography of simple cysts is therapeutic. Without evidence of intracystic tumor on pneumocystography, cyst removal is unnecessary. The patient can be followed up with mammography, and any recurrent or new cysts can be diagnosed and treated by pneumocystography alone. PMID- 7302218 TI - Milk of calcium within tiny benign breast cysts. AB - Small amounts of milk of calcium settling to the bottom of multiple tiny benign breast cysts produce the mammographic picture of clustered linear and curvilinear calcifications when imaged in lateral projection with a horizontal x-ray beam. These calcifications, although benign, may be confused with the microcalcifications of carcinoma. Milk of calcium is found much more frequently in small breast cysts than anywhere else in the body. It is not at all uncommon, occurring in more than 4% of women undergoing diagnostic mammography. Fortunately, the overall mammographic appearance of milk of calcium cysts is quite characteristic, permitting them to be a differentiated from malignant breast microcalcifications with a high level of confidence. PMID- 7302220 TI - Reduced-dose magnification mammography. PMID- 7302221 TI - Neonatal opaque right lung: delayed fluid resorption. AB - Eight newborn infants with opaque right lungs were examined. Clinically, the main problem associated with the opaque right lung is mild respiratory distress, and radiographically, the findings consist of (a) a totally opaque right lung, (b) a semiopaque right lung or (c) an opaque right lobe only. These findings are usually interpreted as representing pneumonia, empyema, or hydrochylothorax, but the fact that they clear within 24 to 48 hours indicates that none of of these diseases is the cause. It is thought that neonatal opaque right lung results from the transient retention of normal fetal fluid in the right lung. PMID- 7302222 TI - Retained fetal lung fluid in two neonates with congenital absence of the pulmonary valve and tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Chest radiographs obtained at birth in two neonates with absent pulmonary valve and tetralogy of Fallot demonstrated asymmetrical lung aeration. This finding was attributed to delay in resorption of fetal lung fluid. It is postulated that in the initial hours of life, the dilated pulmonary artery compressed the bronchus and delayed egress of fetal lung fluid. Over a 24-hour interval, the fluid was resorbed, resulting in the more typical pattern of hyperinflated lung and markedly dilated pulmonary artery. These cases are presumably the first of their kind to be reported. PMID- 7302223 TI - Parenchymal reflux in renal dysplasia. AB - Primitive ducts, tubules, and cysts often communicate with the pelvoccalyceal systems of dysplastic kidneys, and may sometimes be filled in retrograde fashion with radiographic contrast material. Their size, shape, and distribution provide a variable radiographic appearance that must be distinguished from other causes of intrarenal reflux. When reflux filling of dysplastic structures is incomplete, the radiographic findings do not fully represent the severity of anatomic abnormality. PMID- 7302224 TI - Diffuse white-matter disease in the geriatric population. A clinical, neuropathological, and CT study. AB - CT findings in 6 autopsy cases of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (SAE) are reported. A diffuse area of nonhomogeneous decreased density was observed in the deep white matter of both cerebral hemispheres, together with moderate dilatation of the lateral ventricles and ragged margins. The most characteristic pathological findings at autopsy were a diffuse area of incomplete infarction containing multiple small infarcts as well as cyst formation and marked stenotic atherosclerotic changes in the medullary arteries. Clinical features included patchy mental lapses, frontal-lobe syndromes, minor motor signs, and hypertension. The authors feel that SAE or a similar disease might occur in most cases of multi-infarct dementia. PMID- 7302225 TI - Differential diagnosis of intrasellar tumors by computed tomography. AB - The specificity of the computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of intrasellar adenoma has not been studied. We compared the CT findings in intrasellar meningiomas, craniopharyngiomas, aneurysms, and metastases with those of pituitary adenomas. Calcification was a features of intrasellar meningiomas, aneurysms, and craniopharyngioma,s but not a typical feature of adenomas. Low-density regions representing necrosis or cyst were found in most types of intrasellar tumors. Eccentricity, hyperostosis, and bone destruction were useful signs of aneurysm, meningioma, and metastasis, respectively. Since adenoma cannot always be distinguished from another intrasellar mass, angiography to demonstrate tumor angioarchitecture may be needed to characterize some neoplasms or to confirm an intrasellar aneurysm. PMID- 7302226 TI - The computed tomographic spectrum of intracranial mycosis: correlation with histopathology. AB - Four cases of intracerebral fungal infection are reviewed. The clinical course is outlined, and the computed tomographic (CT) characteristics are analyzed in light of known pathological data. The CT appearance of intracranial mycosis is dependent on the type of fungus as well as the dominant infecting form, i.e., yeast or hyphae. The hyphal form leads predominantly to a CT pattern consistent with vascular occlusion and secondary abscess formation; the yeast form generally results in noncaseating granulomas, which appear on CT scan as nodular enhancing lesions. If the patient survives the acute infective process, these fungal lesions undergo a prolonged subacute phase, and may eventually calcify. PMID- 7302227 TI - Meningioma. RPC from the AFIP. PMID- 7302228 TI - Computed tomography of the normal and abnormal pancreatic duct: correlation with pancreatic ductography. AB - Eighty-seven patients underwent both pancreatic computed tomography (CT) and pancreatic ductography. Measurements of pancreatic ducts identified by CT correlated well with measurements from pancreatic ductograms. The anatomic relationships of the pancreatic duct to the margins of the pancreas, and the pancreatic and common bile ducts at their junction were clarified. In 86% of both normal and abnormal ducts at least a part of the duct was identified when optimal CT technique was used. Pancreatic CT is particularly helpful in identifying abnormalities proximal to duct obstruction. CT identification of an abnormal pancreatic duct is a sensitive indicator of pancreatic disease. PMID- 7302229 TI - Computed tomography of splenic trauma. AB - Fifty patients with abdominal trauma and possible splenic injury were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). CT correctly diagnosed 21 of 22 surgically proved traumatic lesions of the spleen (96%). Twenty-seven patients had no evidence of splenic injury. This was confirmed at operation in 1 patient and clinical follow up in 26. There were one false negative and one false positive. In 5 patients (10%), CT demonstrated other clinically significant lesions, including hepatic or renal lacerations in 3 and large retroperitoneal hematomas in 2. In adolescents and adults, CT is an accurate, noninvasive method of rapidly diagnosing splenic trauma and associated injuries. Further experience is needed to assess its usefulness in evaluating splenic injuries in infants and small children. PMID- 7302230 TI - CT appearance of the pelvis after abdomino-perineal resection for rectal carcinoma. PMID- 7302231 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of a spontaneous subcapsular hematoma due to a small renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7302232 TI - High-resolution real-time sonography of the parathyroid. PMID- 7302233 TI - Prospective analysis of the value of scrotal ultrasound. AB - Ultrasound was evaluated in 69 patients for its usefulness in distinguishing scrotal abnormalities requiring surgery from those that may have clinical follow up only. Distinction was possible in the majority of cases. On imaging, tumor showed decreased echogenicity within the testicle, which was usually enlarged. Epididymal enlargement, marked increase in peritesticular fluid, and skin thickening suggest a non tumorous condition. The ultrasound characteristics of various scrotal abnormalities are described. PMID- 7302234 TI - The obstructed uterus. AB - Eleven patients with an obstructed, fluid-filled uterus, due to carcinoma of the uterus or to its treatment by radiation therapy, were examined with computer tomography (CT) and/or ultrasound. It is important to recognize this abnormality to differentiate it from other causes of pelvic mass to ensure prompt treatment of pyometra, should it develop. Both CT and ultrasound reliably identified this condition and differentiated it from other pelvic masses. PMID- 7302235 TI - Cystic lymphangiomatosis of the spleen: a radiologic-pathologic correlation. AB - Cystic lymphangiomatosis of the spleen is an extremely rare pathologic entity. We report the radiologic, sonographic, and scintigraphic findings in two cases of splenic cystic lymphangiomatosis. In both patients echograms demonstrated multiloculated cystic lesions in the intra-abdominal masses, which were identified on radiocolloid scans as abnormal spleens. The gross and microscopic findings of the excised spleens were characteristic of cystic lymphangiomatosis. The findings on echograms and scintigrams correlated well with the abnormal splenic morphology. The clinical presentation, the findings on diagnostic imaging, and the gross and microscopic appearances of the pathologic spleens in our patients were remarkably similar. When a massively enlarged spleen with a multicystic appearance is encountered during a diagnostic workup, awareness of the scintiscan and sonographic findings might aid in the noninvasive preoperative recognition of cystic lymphangiomatosis. PMID- 7302237 TI - The influence of bone on temperature patterns produced by 434-MHz electromagnetic radiation. AB - The temperature pattern produced in phantoms containing simulated bone and muscle components was determined for 434-MHz electromagnetic radiation. A parallelepiped phantom was employed in this study and heating was conducted for 15 minutes using a commercially available diathermy unit. Both slab and cylindrical bone geometries were investigated, as well as the influence of depth in muscle of the bone component on the resulting temperature pattern. The temperature perturbation produced by bone irradiated by 434-MHz radiation was found to vary drastically with the bone geometry, as well as with the depth of the bone in muscle. PMID- 7302236 TI - Patterns of failure in treatment of stage I and II diffuse malignant lymphoid tumors. AB - Fifty-nine patients with Stage I and II diffuse malignant lymphoid tumors were irradiated between 1966 and 1979. Seventeen had primary lymph node disease and 42 had extranodal presentations. Local recurrence was noted in 1 of 14 evaluable lymph node presentations and 8 of 36 extranodal distributions. Failures occurred in unirradiated lymph nodes (contiguous or transdiaphragmatic) in 3 of 17 patients with lymph node disease and 6 of 42 with extranodal disease. Dissemination occurred in 4 of 17 lymph node presentations and 6 of 42 extranodal tumors. Local recurrence was low, particularly among lymphatic tumors. There was no identifiable dose effect for local control. Extension to contiguous or distant lymph nodes occurred in 15% of cases. The authors suggest that the transdiaphragmatic lymph nodes be included when treating patients with lymph node tumors. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy remains unproved. PMID- 7302238 TI - Radiosensitization of tumors and normal tissues by combined treatment with misonidazole and heat. AB - Combination treatment of mice with misonidazole (0.5 mg/g body wt.) and hyperthermia (41.4 degrees C for 45 mins.) produced dramatic radiosensitization in hypoxic BP-8 murine sarcoma cells. The dose modifying factory (DMF: 4.3) was such that hypoxic BP-8 cells subjected to combination therapy became more radiosensitive than untreated, fully oxygenated cell populations. In contrast, radiosensitization by combination treatment was comparatively minor or completely absent in normal body tissues such as skin (DMF: 1.57), intestine (DMF: 1.0), and bone marrow (DMF: 1.0). These results suggest that simultaneous administration of misonidazole and hyperthermia may prove an effective adjuvant to conventional clinical radiation therapy. PMID- 7302240 TI - Measurement of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. Plain radiographic and ultrasonographic correlation. PMID- 7302239 TI - Ultrasonic characterization of abdominal tissues via digital analysis of backscattered waveforms. AB - Ultrasonic waveforms backscattered from normal and abnormal livers and spleens were recorded in vivo with the aid of a high-speed data acquisition system. Frequency-domain analysis of the digitized waveforms was employed to derive values for mean spacing of ultrasonic scatterers in tissue. Amplitude-domain analysis yielded measures of mean amplitude and variance, an indication of the distribution of amplitude values. Studies indicated that cirrhotic liver is characterized by a higher mean amplitude, a broader amplitude distribution, and a larger mean scatterer spacing than normal liver. Amplitude- and frequency-domain statistics for livers with other diffuse disease processes or tumor, as well for abnormal spleens. also differed from those of normal tissues. These data give information which may not be evident from B-mode sonograms, and which appears to be related to histological features. PMID- 7302241 TI - Replacing the occluded percutaneous nephrostomy catheter. PMID- 7302242 TI - Central venous pressure line localization with a cobalt-57 marker system. PMID- 7302243 TI - Clinical evaluation of a new computerized radiation treatment monitoring system. PMID- 7302244 TI - Computed tomography and ultrasonography of primary liver tumors. PMID- 7302245 TI - 99mTc-IDA cholescintigraphy. PMID- 7302246 TI - Vasodilator symposium. Introduction: marriage of the heart and the peripheral circulation. PMID- 7302247 TI - Instrumental developments in clinical chemistry. PMID- 7302248 TI - [Serotonin receptor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302249 TI - [Storage and release of serotonin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302250 TI - [[Bioactive amines in brain and convulsion--especially in regard to El mouse convulsion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302251 TI - [The role of catecholamine in the pathogenesis of emotional stress induced cardiovascular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302252 TI - [Catecholamine and pheochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302253 TI - [Peripheral dopamine in spontaneous hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302254 TI - [Effect of antitumor polysaccharides on specific and nonspecific immune responses and their immunological characteristics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302255 TI - [A new multipurpose electrophoretic apparatus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302256 TI - Effects of intravenous 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on bile salt induced injury to gastric mucosa in canine Heidenhain pouches. PMID- 7302257 TI - Effect of topical 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on aspirin-induced disruption of gastric permeability barrier in dogs. AB - This study was designed to evaluate whether stimulation of mucus and alkaline secretion by topical 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) would protect gastric mucosa against aspirin-induced disruption of permeability barrier to lumina acid. A chambered segment of canine fundic stomach with intact vascular supply was partitioned into two compartments. One was pretreated with topical dmPGE2 (25 micrograms/15 ml isotonic acid) and the other served as control. Topical dmPGE2 resulted in 1) mucus release as evidenced by gross and microscopic examinations, 2) luminal volume gain from 0.05 +/- 0.01 to 1.05 +/- 0.30 ml/15 min (p less than 0.01) and 3) an increase in Na+ efflux from 9 +/- 4 to 165 +/- 20 muEq/15 min (p less than 0.001). These effects of dmPGE2 did not protect the gastric mucosa against disruption of permeability barrier induced by 20 mM aspirin, which resulted in a similar amount of H+ back-diffusion in dmPGE2 treated mucosa (8 +/- 7 to 129 +/- 8 muEq/15 min, p less than 0.001) and in control mucosa (from 5 +/- 7 to 118 +/- 24 muEq/15 min, p less than 0.001). Also there was no significant difference in the degree of reduction in mucosal potential difference between dmPGE2-treated mucosa (from 60 +/- 4 to 34 +/- 2 -mV p less than 0.01) and control mucosa (from 58 +/- 4 to 36 +/- 3 -mV p less than 0.001). PMID- 7302258 TI - Gastric cytoprotection by sodium salicylate. AB - Sodium salicylate (SA), contrary to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), was not ulcerogenic in rats. SA was also found to be cytoprotective: it prevented formation of gastric mucosal necrosis produced by either absolute ethanol or 0.6 M HCl, and formation of gastric ulcers produced by acidified ASA. The degree of protection was dose dependent. The mechanism of this cytoprotection is unknown, but unlike cytoprotection elicited by mild irritants, e.g., 20% ethanol or 0.35 M HCl, whose effects appear to be due to endogenous formation of PG by the stomach, SA acts through a different mechanisms, since its protective effect was not blocked by indomethacin. PMID- 7302259 TI - Ethanol induced duodenal lesions in man. Protective effect of prostaglandin. AB - This study aimed: 1. to investigate quantitatively mucosal changes in the human duodenum after ethanol instillation, 2. to determine the effect of 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) pretreatment on these changes. In 11 healthy subjects were instilled into the postbulbar duodenum solutions of normal saline or dmPGE2 and 15 minutes later 20 ml 40% ethanol. Mucosal changes were evaluated endoscopically and histologically. Thirty minutes after ethanol and saline, hemorrhagic changes involved the entire mucosa (endoscopic lesion index: 4.8 +/- 0.2) and all histological specimens showed erosions. Pretreatment with dmPGE2 significantly prevented ethanol-induced mucosal changes (endoscopic lesion index: 2.17 +/- 0.17 p less than 0.01) and mucosal biopsies did not show erosions outside endoscopically abnormal areas. In conclusion, direct instillation of ethanol induced consistent damage to duodenal mucosa in man. This damage was significantly reduced by dmPGE2 pretreatment. PMID- 7302260 TI - The effect of 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 on basal and meal stimulated serum gastrin in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Basal and meal-stimulated serum gastrin with or without prior intake of 100 mcg 15(R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 (PG) in encapsulated form were measured in 40 patients with active duodenal ulcer disease at the start and at the end of a 4 week treatment period with 100 mcg PG q i d or placebo (Pl). Basal serum gastrin levels did not change throughout the study. Neither was there a blunting of the meal-stimulated serum gastrin release by PG as has been previously observed. The enhanced healing rate (68.4% during PG compared to 33.3% during Pl) can therefore not be explained by changes in basal or meal-stimulated serum gastrin. PMID- 7302261 TI - Effect of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on gastric mucus gel thickness. AB - Direct measurements of the thickness of the layer of insoluble mucus gel lying on the gastric mucosa were made by using a slit lamp and an image-splitting system. Under resting conditions, the thickness (mean +/- SE) of the mucus gel on the gastric mucosa was 166 +/- 10 micrometers in the rat, 234 +/- 9 micrometers in the guinea pig, 429 +/- 17 micrometers in the dog and 576 +/- 81 micrometers in the human. Using a pylorus ligated rat model, topical application of 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 to the mucosa in concentrations of 1 microgram/ml and 10 micrograms/ml caused a dose dependent increase of the thickness of the mucus gel layer of 81% and 140% respectively. This drug-induced increase in mucus gel thickness may contribute to the cytoprotective effects of this prostaglandin analog. PMID- 7302262 TI - Release of prostaglandins by small intestinal tissue of man and rat in vitro and the effect of endotoxin in the rat in vivo. AB - Rat jejunal tissue in vitro synthesizes large amounts of prostaglandin (PG) D2 and smaller amounts of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2, whereas human small intestinal mucosa synthesizes much smaller amounts of the three PG determined with about equal amounts of PGE2 and PGD2. Intraperitoneal administration of bacterial endotoxin to rats induce fluid accumulation in the small intestine and increases significantly the release of PGD2, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha into the small intestinal lumen in vivo. Endotoxin-induced stimulation of PG release is particularly pronounced for PGD2. Fluid accumulation and PG output are inhibited by indomethacin. It seems possible that the different total amounts of PG synthesized by small intestinal tissue of man and rat as well as the different pattern of PG released might contribute to species-specific responses of the gastrointestinal tract to various pathophysiological stimuli. PMID- 7302263 TI - Protective effects of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 on the liver and kidney. AB - The ability of subcutaneous 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 to protect the liver and the kidney against damage induced by carbon tetrachloride and ANIT (alpha napthylisothiocyanate) was examined. Rats were given 5-75 micrograms/kg of 16,16 dimethyl PGE2 24 and 0.5 hrs before challenge with 1 ml of oral carbon tetrachloride with an additional prostaglandin dose 6 hrs later. Twenty-four hrs after carbon tetrachloride animals was sacrificed by decapitation. 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 partially prevented fat accumulation and necrosis in the liver with complete or partial reduction in the SGPT caused by the hepatotoxin. Higher doses of carbon tetrachloride (1.5 ml) caused elevation in BUN and uric acid also; these changes were prevented by 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 even when doses of the prostaglandin were too low to protect against liver necrosis. Elevated serum bilirubin observed 48 hrs after oral ANIT (30 mg/kg) was prevented by 100 micrograms/kg of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 given 24 and 0.5 hrs prior to the challenge with additional doses 6 and 24 hrs after ANIT. Higher doses of oral ANIT (200 mg/kg) when combined with small doses of carbon tetrachloride (0.25 ml per rat) resulted in elevated BUN and uric acid levels in the serum although neither compound produced these changes when given alone. 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 (75 micrograms/kg) administered by the same schedule as used for protection against ANIT resulted in normalization of these parameters in the absence of significant liver protection. Thus, it appears that 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 can protect the liver against necrosis induced by moderate amounts of carbon tetrachloride and ANIT. At higher doses of these hepatotoxins, the liver is not protected by prostaglandins. Elevation of BUN and uric acid is observed under these conditions, however, and can be prevented by 16,16-dimethyl PGE2. PMID- 7302264 TI - OKY-1581: a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis in vivo and in vitro. AB - OKY-1581 is an effective inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis in vivo and in vitro. The generation of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostaglandin E (PGE) and prostaglandin F (PGF) was measured following clotting and during platelet aggregation induced by collagen. The presence of OKY 1581 either in vivo or in vitro caused a reduction in TxB2 generation during clotting and platelet aggregation with a concomitant increase in PGE and PGF. The effect could be observed two hours after oral or subcutaneous administration of 5 to 100 mg per rabbit and lasted for 24 to 48 hours. The reduction in TxB2 was not accompanied by an inhibition of clotting or platelet aggregation. OKY-1581 appears to be a suitable agent for studying the role of TxB2 in atherosclerosis. PMID- 7302265 TI - Temporal relationships between peripheral plasma concentrations of oxytocin, progesterone and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the ewe. AB - Peripheral plasma concentrations of oxytocin, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM), progesterone and LH were determined at 3 hourly intervals during the oestrous cycle (n = 3) and in early pregnancy (n = 4) in sheep. The progesterone and LH concentrations showed that the cycling ewes were sampled during the periods of luteal regression (decreasing progesterone concentrations), the preovulatory gonadotrophin surge and the beginning of the next luteal phase (increasing progesterone concentrations). The pregnant ewes had basal LH concentrations and luteal phase concentrations of progesterone (greater than 1ng/ml after day 5 following mating) throughout the whole of the sampling period. Oxytocin concentrations in the non-pregnant ewes decreased around the time of luteal regression to reach low concentrations (mean concentrations of approximately 18pg/ml) during the preovulatory period and then increased after the preovulatory surge. PGFM concentrations exhibited a pulsatile pattern with increasing concentrations as progesterone levels fell. In the pregnant ewes oxytocin concentrations gradually fell until approximately 16 days post-mating (approximately 7-8pg/ml). The magnitude of the pulses in PGFM concentrations were also lower than in the cycling ewes. These results demonstrate that the increased concentrations of PGFM which are found during the period of luteal regression are not caused by increased peripheral concentrations of oxytocin. PMID- 7302266 TI - [Liver function disorders in psoriasis]. PMID- 7302267 TI - [Effect of Butecort and Flucinar ointments on various indicators of the hormonal system. I. Effect of the tested preparations on plasma ll-hydroxycorticosteroid level and absolute eosinophil count in peripheral blood]. PMID- 7302268 TI - [Contact allergy to ether oils in patients sensitized to a single or several basic balsams]. PMID- 7302269 TI - [Psychosomatic symptoms and disorders of bioelectrical activity of the brain in atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 7302270 TI - [Diagnosis of Sezary syndrome including cytogenetic studies]. PMID- 7302271 TI - [Keratosis lichenoides chronica striata]. PMID- 7302272 TI - [Pigmented hairy and hemangiomatous nevus - a congenital form]. PMID- 7302273 TI - [Remarks on prognostic tests in environmental dermatology]. PMID- 7302274 TI - [Undesirable and adverse effects of drugs in Poland. Antibiotics (other than penicillin) and sulfonamides]. PMID- 7302275 TI - [Bacterial flora of the skin in psoriasis]. PMID- 7302276 TI - [Adhesive properties of the granulocytes in various skin diseases]. PMID- 7302277 TI - [Skin temperature changes after cooling as a test predicting the vascular form of vibration disease]. PMID- 7302278 TI - [Sensitivity of the skin of healthy persons to irritants]. PMID- 7302280 TI - [Gonorrhea, with mild symptoms and asymptomatic, in male patients of the District Dermatological Clinic in Szczecin]. PMID- 7302279 TI - [Clinical aspects of primary syphilis in men treated at the Dermatological Clinic in Cracow during the years 1925-1939 and 1965-1979]. PMID- 7302281 TI - [Non-gonorrheal urethritis among male patients of the District Dermatological Clinic in Szczecin]. PMID- 7302282 TI - [Case of reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures Dowling-Degos]. PMID- 7302283 TI - [Comparison of the values of radiotherapy and surgical treatment of spinocellular carcinoma of the skin and lips]. PMID- 7302284 TI - [Action in psychoanalytic interpretation and theory]. PMID- 7302285 TI - [Aspects of family violence. An empirical examination]. PMID- 7302286 TI - Evaluation of the risks associated with recombinant DNA research: the Working Group on Revision of the Guidelines. PMID- 7302288 TI - Procedures for review of large-scale experiments. PMID- 7302289 TI - Case-by-case evaluation of recombinant DNA research involving eukaryotic viruses. PMID- 7302290 TI - Clarification on the guidelines for recombinant DNA experiments with genes coding for toxins for vertebrates. PMID- 7302291 TI - Passive avoidance behavior: opposite effects of oxytocin analogs with agonist and antagonist properties. AB - Deamino-6-carba-oxytoxin (dC60), a potent oxytocin analog considered to be resistant to some of the physiologically significant enzymic systems, and N-alpha acetyl-[2-O-methyltyrosine]oxytocin (AMTO), an analog acting as a competitive inhibitor of oxytocin on the rat uterus, were studied in rats trained in a passive avoidance task. Subcutaneous administration of dC60 (5-50 microgram . kg 1) during different phases of the passive avoidance learning paradigm attenuated avoidance latencies; the results indicated that the drug induced state-dependent learning. AMTO (5-20 microgram . kg-1) enhanced avoidance latencies when administered subcutaneously before training trials and/or before retention test trials. This effect occurred in both males and females. The analogs did not influence exploratory behavior in open field. The results suggest that oxytoxin, in contrast to vasopressin, may impair memory processes. However, both analogs failed to influence the passive avoidance response when administered after training. This finding indicates that dC60 and AMTO did not influence the mechanism of memory consolidation whereas vasopressin and oxytoxin had a marked effect. PMID- 7302292 TI - Characterisation of gut hormone storage granules from normal human jejunum using metrizamide density gradients. AB - Analytical subcellular fractionation techniques using metrizamide density gradients have been used to investigate the properties of the gut hormone storage granules and the principal organelles from homogenates of normal human jejunal mucosa obtained by peroral mucosal biopsy. The individual hormones, detected by radioimmunoassay, each showed single discrete peaks in the density gradient experiments indicating localisation to single granules each with characteristic modal densities. Thus motilin showed a modal density of 1.15, gastrin 1.16, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) 1.17, enteroglucagon 1.18 and somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) 1.10 g/ml. The following organelles, characterised by their marker enzymes were located in the density gradients; plasma membrane (5'-nucleotidase) brush border (alpha-glucosidase, pH 6.0) mitochondria (particulate malate dehydrogenase), peroxisomes (catalase), lysosomes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase), endoplasmic reticulum (alpha glucosidase, pH 8.0), cytosol (lactate dehydrogenase). These studies provide biochemical evidence of the distinct nature of the individual gut hormone storage granules and provide a basis for studying dynamic changes in the granules in response to physiological stimuli and pathological processes. PMID- 7302293 TI - Sulfation of gastrin: effect on immunoreactivity. AB - The effect of sulfuric acid esterification of Tyr-12 in gastrin-17 on immunoreactivity was evaluated by the ability of seventeen antisera raised against non-sulfated gastrin-17 to bind sulfated gastrins in extracts of gastrinoma and antral tissue. Using non-sulfated Tyr-12 iodinated gastrin as tracer, and non-sulfated gastrin-17 as standard the antisera showed three different patterns of reactivity: Three antisera (Nos. 2602, 2605 and 4562) bound sulfated gastrins with low (4-23%) potency; four antisera (Nos. 2604, 2720, 4710 and 4713) measured sulfated gastrins with a potency similar to that of non sulfated gastrins (81-100% crossreactivity); whereas ten antisera (Nos. 2601, 2606, 2609, 2716, 2717, 2718, 4556, 4559, 4560 and 4563) displayed enhanced reactivity with sulfated gastrins (130-373% crossreactivity). Using Gly-2 iodinated gastrin as tracer, the latter type of antisera reacted almost equally with sulfated and non-sulfated gastrins, suggesting that the apparent increase in binding of sulfated gastrins rather is due to increased displacement of Tyr-12 iodinated gastrin. The results show that derivatization of amino acid residues greatly influences antibody binding. PMID- 7302294 TI - Absence of seizure activity following focal cerebral injection of enkephalins in a primate. AB - Baboons (Papio papio) with photosensitive have been chronically prepared with guide cannulae and deep electrodes to study the effects of focal injections of opioids. In the hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus (centre median) 50--100 micrograms morphine, 20--100 micrograms Met-enkephalin or 2--10 micrograms FK 33,824 do not induce local or general electrographic or motor signs of epilepsy. The acute epileptogenic effect of morphine and enkephalins observed in rats is not a general phenomenon whereas the anticonvulsant action of opioids acting on mu-receptors is seen in rodents and primates. PMID- 7302295 TI - [Catecholamine excretion in tumors of chromaffin origin]. PMID- 7302296 TI - [Complete left bundle branch block and cardiopathy]. PMID- 7302297 TI - [Enzyme profile of acute viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 7302298 TI - [Relation between plasma colloid osmotic pressure and blood albumin levels]. PMID- 7302299 TI - [Fever of unknown origin. Our 5 year case series]. PMID- 7302300 TI - [Contribution to the study of yersiniosis in navarre]. PMID- 7302301 TI - [Echocardiographic study of left ventricular function following increases in afterload]. PMID- 7302302 TI - [Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis complicating diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 7302303 TI - [Septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila]. PMID- 7302304 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Thrombolytic therapy]. PMID- 7302305 TI - [Acute renal failure as a result of abdominal aortography: cortical necrosis]. PMID- 7302306 TI - [Asymptomatic hyponatremia in multiple myeloma. Value of anion gap determination]. PMID- 7302307 TI - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7302308 TI - [Evaluation of effectiveness of interventions in public health (author's transl)]. AB - The concepts of effect and effectiveness are summarized within the framework of evaluation of public health interventions. Effect is defined as a modification of the level and structure of health problems and of the demand of health care, resulting from health and health-related activities. The concept of effectiveness is complex: in a qualitative sense, it is the property of producing an effect; in a quantitative sense, the effectiveness of a technique is the relationship between the effect of that technique and the initial magnitude of the relevant problem. The quantitative effect of a public health programme is determined by the effectiveness of the technique as applied in the field, the magnitude of the problem and the coverage attained. It is only the comparison between randomized groups that can prove the existence of non-existence of an effect; nevertheless, other less demanding types of studies can be useful for monitoring progress at the national level. Examples of each category of evaluation are presented. PMID- 7302309 TI - [Quasi experimental evaluation of public health interventions (author's transl)]. AB - The classic experiment, the randomised controlled trial, is the best known and most revered of evaluation research methods. Randomization in community-based intervention trials, however, is not always possible because of ethical problems arising from with holding the experimental treatment from the control groups or the difficulties in conducting experiments in field settings which do not approach controlled laboratory conditions. In such circumstances, quasi experimental or observational designs must be used. Two major principles are involved in using quasi-experimental methods: (1) the logic for establishing causality between treatment and effect is the same as that for randomised experiments, but the problems of assessing causality or internal validity are greater, and (2) assessment of the external validity or generalizability of quasi experimental findings crucial to the interpretation of results. Selected quasi experimental designs using time series and comparison groups are described with examples from public health intervention trials where threats to internal validity have been assessed by using different analytic techniques or gathering additional evidence. Quasi-experimental evaluations are most useful when opportunities exist for testing rival hypotheses concerning the internal and external validity, or the findings can be used to complement true experiments. PMID- 7302310 TI - [Some methodological questions about randomizing collective units (author's transl)]. AB - Trials often consist in comparing two samples, or more, which have been differently treated. Often these two samples are obtained by choosing individuals at random. Yet it may be easier, or even unavoidable, to randomize groups rather than individuals. It this case, the accuracy of estimates, that is the significance level of tests is different. In order to evaluate them, it is necessary to take into account a possible "cluster effect". On the basis of the two-stage sampling theory, it is possible to build a Student-like test. Nevertheless, the convergence towards a Student variable is slower than in the case of an individual randomization. Thus, the approximation cannot always be accepted. Aside from this question of how to build a correct test, the fact is that randomization by group most often means a loss of efficiency. The loss may result from the homogeneity of the clusters, from their unequal sizes and from the fact that the degrees of freedom are fewer. Sometimes, one can limit the loss by using a sampling technique which at least takes into account the sizes of the clusters. PMID- 7302311 TI - [Analysis of the results of the trial where groups have been randomized. The Paris cardiovascular prevention trial (author's transl)]. AB - In a prevention trial, when the randomised units are groups of subjects, the first step in the analysis of the results is to check whether the groups differ, for the variables under study, ie, to test a possible group effect. If this effect is not significant, the results are analysed as if the subjects had been randomised. On the other hand, it this effect is significant, the comparison must be carried out between the groups and no more between the subjects. In the latter case, the loss of efficiency of the randomization of groups instead of the randomization of subjects can be computed. When a group effect is present and the number of subjects in each group differs, the analysis is considerably more complex. In the Paris cardiovascular prevention trial, 160 groups of young men, with variable numbers of subjects in each group have been randomised. The change in weight, blood cholesterol and cigarette consumption after two years of intervention are analysed in the present paper with the methodological principles mentioned above. PMID- 7302312 TI - [The Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project (author's transl)]. AB - The Belgian Heart Disease Prevention Project is a controlled multifactorial preventive trial. It is basal on the well-documented epidemiologic notion of major coronary risk-factors: hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity. This Project has been executed in industries, in males aged 40-59 yrs at the base-line screening. It is part of the WHO European Collaborative Trial including the United-Kingdom, Italy, Poland and Spain. This trial should verify a double work-hypothesis: 1 degree it is possible to modify significantly the coronary risk profile in middle-aged males through a comprehensive intervention program, 2 degrees this modification should, in turn, significantly reduce total mortality as compared to a control group. The authors discuss the pros and cons of a preventive trial in industry and review the numerous problems raised by the difficulties in modifying well-established life-styles as well as those related to the follow-up morbidity and mortality. Final screening took place in 1979-80 and results regarding incidence should be available by 1981. PMID- 7302313 TI - [Evaluation strategy of the Swiss National Research Program on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Report of the Programme National Suisse de Recherche No. 1A. Groupe d'etude]. AB - The Swiss National Research Program on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease attempts to reduce major factors of risk and to evaluate the obtained effect. For this purpose two intervention towns and two control areas were selected according to quantitative and qualitative criteria. The samples were chosen in order to evaluate separately the global effect of the program, the effect of the baseline assessment and of the interventions addressed to individuals. The statistical advantages of the comparison of the same people at the beginning and at the end of the program are demonstrated. The discussion focuses on the benefits and on the drawbacks of a study without randomization for evaluating preventive actions aiming at the total community. PMID- 7302314 TI - [Evaluation of early detection of breast cancer in Great Britain (author's transl)]. AB - A large-scale trial of methods of early detection of breast cancer has been started in Great Britain. This non-randomized trial aims to compare breast cancer mortality over several years among women aged 45-64 years who have been offered various services for early detection of breast cancer. A quantitative assessment of benefits (lives saved) and costs (unnecessary surgery, radiation hazard, and use of health service resources) will be made. A total population of over 250,000 women living in eight districts is being studied in the trial. In two districts the women are invited for annual screening by clinical examination and mammography; in two other districts they are invited to teaching sessions to learn breast self-examination. The remaining four districts, with a population of 120,000 women, serve as a comparison and have no extra services beyond conventional diagnostic facilities. A register of all breast histology among these women has been set up, and, for those who have breast cancer, details of diagnosis, treatment and annual follow-up are recorded. All changes to the population are noted, and the cause of all deaths recorded. Factors influencing acceptance of early detection programmes, and the sensitivity and specificity of different screening methods are being studied. Mortality rates from breast cancer in the three types of population (screening, self-examination and comparison groups) will be the main index of effectiveness, but other questions relative to evaluation of screening, such as lead-time natural history of pre-invasive neoplasia, and identification of high-risk women, will also be assessed. PMID- 7302315 TI - [Swiss studies on the effects of prophylactic treatment of dental caries in children (author's transl)]. AB - The gradual introduction of various measures of fluoridation in different cantons facilitated studies of a quasi-experimental type on schoolchildren. The use of a standardized method for obtaining the customary indices of dental caries provided data suited for comparison between the experimental and the control communities. On a general basis, the strongest reduction of caries prevalence was obtained by means of fluoride in water (canton of Basle) and in salt at the optimal concentration of 250 mg/kg (canton of Vaud). At school age, prevention of caries should be combined with the prevention of periodontitis and necessitates the use of a comprehensive policy for dental health. PMID- 7302316 TI - [Chronological assessment of the preventive measures taken in the field of road traffic accidents in France. Methodological problems and results. (author's transl)]. AB - Corresponding to a non-experimental approach and based upon the study of indices obtained from permanent statistics, this assessment presents methodological difficulties linked both: to the choice of permanant indicators and to the interpretation of their variations in a situation of observation. The results permit us to appraise the consequences of the global policy of prevention in the field of road traffic accidents in France during many consecutive years: - the decrease of mortality and morbidity demographic indices; - the strengthening of the regressive tendency of the risk indices linked to road traffic (number of dead and wounded in relation to the "km" covered, to the consumption of motor fuel...). The agreement of the evolutive tendencies of these indicators lets us think that the campaign against traffic accidents has had the desired effects even if they are still incomplete. PMID- 7302317 TI - The role of epidemiology in planning and evaluation. The British approach. AB - Epidemiological knowledge is essential to provide sound advice on the provision of health services. The role of the community physician in the UK can only be understood with reference to the structure of the National Health Service. His function at District level is illustrated by strategies of secondary prevention such as anti-smoking campaigns in the fight against cardio-respiratory disease, and the detection of hypertensives in out-patient departments. At national level decisions mainly concern priority. The need for reliable evaluative research to be done before policy decisions are made is evident from several studies undertaken at St. Thomas' Hospital, London, and to achieve this epidemiologists, planners and administrators must work closely together. PMID- 7302318 TI - [Evaluation and decision. The decision maker's point of veiw. Results of a study in Quebec (author's transl)]. AB - In Quebec, from 1967 to 1970, a Commission on Health and Social Services studied the health system and recommended drastic changes in its organization. The evaluation of the health system process is briefly reviewed and three specific problems are used to illustrate the role of evaluation in the decision making process; these problems are the evolution of the number of general practitioners, the number of hospital beds by categories from 1970 to 1977 and the growth of health expenditures. In the second part, I use a health index, infantile mortality, to show the advantages of evaluating the health status of the population in the formulation of policies. In Quebec, from 1970 to 1977, after the implantation of a policy on perinatality by the Ministry, the infant mortality rate by 1,000 living births decreased from 20.6 to 12.4. The factors responsible for that improvement are analyzed and discussed. PMID- 7302319 TI - [Experimental electropharmacologic studies of cerebral ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral aging is associated with psychological and intellectual modifications related to haemodynamic, metabolic disturbances which are often reflected by electroencephalographic alteration (frequency variations, alpha dominant frequency changes). Different tests, based on visual and automatic E.E.G. analysis, have been used to determine the CNS effect of vincamine, ifenprodil and dihydroergotoxine which are used for the treatment of cerebral insufficiency. PMID- 7302320 TI - [Correlative study of E.E.G. and C.T. scan data during normal and pathological cerebral aging (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 109 subjects aged 60 years or more and without any focalized cerebral lesions were studied by E.E.G. and C.T. scan recordings. An original type of planimetric study of the C.T. scan sections was used to obtain numerical ratios of the degree of cerebral atrophy. The planimetric ratios and the E.E.G. data were then studied as a function of age-group and clinical condition. Most of the data obtained was then treated in a computer. Ventricular dilatation is a constant and progressive feature of normal aging, and is therefore correlated with its, whereas it cannot be significantly correlated with senility changes. The E.E.G. shows no precise correlation with age during normal aging but reflects the functional disturbances of senility disorders, especially dementias. There is no correlation between the E.E.G. and C.T. scan results either during normal or pathological aging. PMID- 7302321 TI - [Comparative study of changes in electroencephalographic and rheoencephalographic recordings with advancing age (author's transl)]. AB - The correlation between the frequency index of the left parietotemporal E.E.G., and cerebral blood flow determined by rheoencephalography, was studied in 20 normal children (aged 8 to 13 years), 24 normal adults (18 to 45 years), 15 normal elderly subjects (78 to 95 years), and 37 patients with pathological disorders. A significant correlation was found in each group between the E.E.G. frequency index and blood flow rate. The occupation times correlating with the flow were: rapid rhythms in children, alpha rhythms (negative correlation) in normal adults, slow rhythms (negative correlations) in elderly subjects, and slow rhythms (negative correlation) in patients with pathological disorders. PMID- 7302323 TI - [Neuropsychology and senile dementia]. AB - The study of senile plaque dementias and neurofibrillary degenerations, represented by Alzheimer's disease, presbyophrenia, simple senile dementia, and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, enables, by means of its specificity, a privileged method of approach to be taken in the comprehension of cerebral mechanisms, with a resulting different conception of neuropsychology. That which is described in this paper has evolved from the application of Genetic Psychology methods developed by J. Piaget. It demonstrates the value of a synchronic qualitative analysis of dementia, even for determination of etiology. It tries to avoid as much somatomorphism as adultomorphism, infantomorphism, and normomorphism. It is concerned with the modalities of individual disorganization and associated changes in various higher functions of the central nervous system. It also attempts to take the patient, his disease and his environment into account simultaneously, and to orientate the symptomatology in a more precise manner towards the adaptation of the patient to his environment, by demonstrating that the process of diagnosis is not independent of the objectives of treatment. PMID- 7302322 TI - [Correlations between E.E.G. spectral and plasma prolactin levels in elderly subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Measurement of plasma prolactin levels in elderly subjects demonstrated the presence of a hyperprolactinemia with loss of normal circadian rhythm, regressing after bromocriptine treatment. The administration of bromocriptine to elderly subjects in a normal state of health provokes marked changes in the E.E.G. spectrum (slowing of delta activity, increase in alpha and decrease in beta rhythms). These findings show that there is an alteration in central dopaminergic systems during aging. PMID- 7302324 TI - [Critical follow-up study of subjects with senile plaques: neuropathological, clinical, and electroencephalographic data (author's transl)]. AB - Frontal isocortex biopsy or operative specimens exhibited senile plaques in 25 patients aged 40 to 73 years, association with Alzheimer's "neurofibrillary degeneration" in 20 of them. These patients were followed up for up to 14 years. 3 patients died 1 to 3 months after operation. 16 patients evolved into confirmed dementia, 12 of them most probably of the Alzheimer type. 6 patients recovered fully, and their subsequent evolution appears incompatible with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia (follow-up period of 3 to 14 years). Retrospective evaluation of EEG data showed a good predictive value of previously described EEG changes, as indicative of later confirmation of alzheimer's dementia. PMID- 7302325 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow and EEG in organic dementia. A brief review. PMID- 7302326 TI - [Changes in sleep pattern in presenile and senile dementia (author's transl)]. AB - Analysis of polygraphic recordings of nocturnal sleep in 21 patients with "degenerative" dementia led to the identification of two types of tracing. The first type was characterised by morphologically normal sleep with more marked quantitative changes than those caused by simple aging. In the second type, the criteria of identification of the physiological stages of sleep disappeared, requiring special definition of the E.E.G. appearances seen. These two types corresponded to two different stages of advancement and probably were indicative of the progressive extension of lesions. PMID- 7302327 TI - [Sleep apneas and mental deterioration in the elderly subject (author's transl)]. AB - 24 subjects aged more than 65 years classified into 11 non deteriorated subjects and 13 mentally deteriorated subjects by means of tests of mental capacity. They underwent an all-night polygraphic recording including monitoring of respiration by thermistors, strain gauges and ear oximeter. Sleep apneas were detected in either group, but with a greater prevalence in the group of mentally deteriorated subjects. Furthermore significant negative correlations (1) were found between mental capacity and the mean apnea index (p less than .001) and between mental capacity and the total duration of apneas (p less than .01). These data emphasize the interest of all night polygraphic recordings coupled with the control of respiration in mentally deteriorated elderly subjects. PMID- 7302328 TI - [Correlations between E.E.G. findings and intracranial pressure (ICP) during treatment of acute post-traumatic intracranial hypertension (preliminary report) (author's transl)]. AB - An infusion of a 10% solution of Althesin was administered for treatment of acute post-traumatic intracranial hypertension. Six comatose patients, aged from 7 to 22 years, without neurosurgical lesions, were treated with doses of the compound varying from 40 to 400 ml per day for 1 to 6 days. Daily polygrahic recordings (E.E.G, E.M.G., E.K.G., respiration and I.C.P.) were made in all patients for periods of 4 to 8 hours. Doses lower than 0.12 ml/min. caused a slight reduction in I.C.P. in two patients, without variations in the E.E.G. Doses between 0.12 and 0.36 ml/min. provoked a reduction in I.C.P. in all patients, and the appearance of burst suppression in the E.E.G. in those patients with an "alternating" tracing only. Higher doses (0.36 to 0.72 ml/min.) caused a reduction in I.C.P. less than 50% in 5 of the 6 patients. Continuous slow wave tracings and border-line tracings showed less constant modifications. The reactivity of the I.C.P. and the E.E.G. to Althesin appears earlier and is more evident in patients with an alternating E.E.G. tracing and with pressure waves of the Lundberg type b. No side effects related to the use of barbiturates were noted after interrupting treatment. PMID- 7302329 TI - [Measurement of carotid diastolic flow by ultrasonography using the Doppler effect, and its value in diagnosis (authors transl)]. AB - Blood supply to the brain is related to carotid diastolic flow, which is a function of cardiac output and distal arterial resistance. It is used to calculate the resistance index (Ir) of Planiol and Pourcelot which enables quantitative measurement of distal circulatory resistance. The Ir is of no value in young subjects with satisfactory arterial compliance and in atheromatous subjects with flattened curves from loss of elasticity of the arterial walls. More precise information can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the areas under the curves. Diastolic flow may be reduced (Ir tending towards 1) or increased (Ir lower than normal) either uni- or bilaterally, with very different diagnostic significance. Unilateral flow reduction results from partial obstruction while bilateral reduction occurs during the course of general affections. Angiomas cause a unilateral increase in flow. Variations in the results of repeated examinations can also supply useful information. PMID- 7302330 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Visual evoked potentials were studied in 23 patients with Parkinson's disease at varying stages, and in 23 normal subjects of the same age. The latency of the P wave is increased in the Parkinson group in a significant manner and becomes more marked as the disease progresses. The difference in latency between the potentials evoked by stimuli applied to both eyes is also significantly increased in Parkinson's disease. The interpretation of these results remains obscure, but "peripheral" retinal and "central" mechanisms are probably involved. From a practical point of view, these results demonstrate that increases in latency of visual evoked potentials are not always due to localized demyelinization. Study of visual evoked potentials could be of values when investigating patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 7302331 TI - [Value of electromyography in the thoracic outlet syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Electromyogram studies were conducted in 55 patients with the thoracic outlet syndrome, together with the motor nerve conduction velocity (M.N.C.V) in the median cubital nerves, between the Erb's point and axilla and in the upper limb. Distal S.N.C.V. was measured in 19 cases. Proximal nerve compression was confirmed in 29% of cases, with associated carpal canal compression in 22%. The proximal N.C.V. of the median and cubital in the neurological forms, and of the median in the neurovascular forms, were significantly different from normal values in 18 control subjects, but were not so in the vascular forms. Through E.M.G. examination cannot confirm the need for surgery it can supply supportive evidence. No correlation between the clinical course and the proximal N.C.V. was found in the 18 patients seen after treatment (surgery in 13 cases). PMID- 7302332 TI - [The mu rhythm of the vertex and its reactivity: an infrequent observation (author's transl)]. AB - The possibility arose of recording an uncommon type of E.E.G. activity: the mu rhythm of the vertex. A patient aged 76 years developed transient blindness, followed by confusion, a homonymous lateral hemianopsia, and left sensory deficiency, probably due to a cardiac embolism. An electroencephalogram one week later demonstrated localized "'arceau" rhythm around the vertex and typical centroparietal pseudo-periodic spikes (PLEDS). These activities were no longer present three days later. The vertex mu did not react to opening of the eyes or clenching the fists. It reacted to stimuli (tactile or movement) of the lower limb contralateral to the affected cerebral hemisphere. The origin of rhythmic activities corresponding to different generators is discussed, and the probable pathological significance of the mu rhythm of the vertex emphasized. PMID- 7302333 TI - [Nycterohemeral variations in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels and sleep apnea syndromes: their relationship with obesity (author's transl)]. AB - The authors suggest the hypothesis that the obesity often associated with sleep apnea syndromes is related to changes in HG secretion. Indeed, as HG secretion is sleep related any disturbances due to apnea during may alter the GH secretion. In order to test their hypothesis the authors studied, during the course of 24-hour polygraphic recordings, the levels of HG, blood glucose and free fatty acids, in 16 subjects, 14 of whom were obese and 9 of whom had the sleep apnea syndrome. The results obtained confirmed the relationship between the number of apnea and the stability of sleep. They also demonstrated a relationship between GH secretion and both the stability of sleep and obesity. These results, therefore, suggest that apnea plays a role in obesity development. PMID- 7302334 TI - [Anesthesia with pure enflurane in children: an electroencephalographic study (author's transl)]. AB - E.E.G. recordings in 10 children anesthetized with pure enflurane (Ethrane) demonstrated critical discharges in two of them and a burst suppression appearance in one case. In the first two cases, the concentrations of enflurane were 3 and 3-5% respectively, while in the third case the E.E.G. anomalies appeared after interruption of administration. These three children having benefited from assisted ventilation, the favorable role of a hypocapnea is suggested. PMID- 7302335 TI - [Phasic suppression of muscle tonus during sleep in the course of development (author's transl)]. AB - A study of phasic suppressions of tonus in 172 sleep recordings of healthy subjects aged from 3 days to 25 years demonstrated that phasic suppressions of tonus may occur from 3 days of age, and that the time when they appear to related neither to the presence of E.E.G. transients nor to the imminence of the onset of paradoxical sleep. the number of sleep recordings showing phasic suppression is very low in youngest infants and increases after the 6th month. The number of phasic suppressions per 100 min. of slow sleep with tonus is fairly stable after 6 years of age, whereas there is an extreme inter-individual variability between 2 and 6 years. These data are interpreted in relation to maturation and development. PMID- 7302336 TI - [Symposium on acute ischemic heart disease. Part II]. PMID- 7302337 TI - [Treatment of angina following acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7302338 TI - [Functional capacity and working status after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7302339 TI - [A new method of right ventriculography for diagnosing tricuspid valve insufficiency]. PMID- 7302340 TI - [Myocardial revascularization in patients with lesions of left main coronary stenosis]. PMID- 7302341 TI - [Case report. Right ventricular myxoma simulating pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 7302342 TI - [Pulmonary hydatid embolism of cardiac origin. 2 case reports]. PMID- 7302343 TI - [M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in the study of left atrial myxoma. 3 cases confirmed at surgery]. PMID- 7302344 TI - [Current status of pneumology in pediatrics. Pneumopathy caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in children]. PMID- 7302345 TI - [Legionnaires disease : 3 cases from the northern suburbs of Paris (author's transl)]. AB - During the summer of 1980, 3 sporadic cases of Legionnaires disease (ML) were recognized in the northern suburbs of Paris. The clinical picture was characterized by an extensive pneumonia, high fever with repeated rigors (3 cases), a confusional state (2 cases), and transitory watery diarrhea (3 cases). Blood cultures, evidence of bacterial antigens in blood or urine, and serology notably for chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumoniae were all negative. The diagnosis of ML (serotype I) was confirmed by serology using indirect immunofluorescence against Legionella pneumophila (LP) with an antigen prepared by Taylor. In one patient treated early with erythromycin (4 g/day), there was a quick and favorable response. Two other patients died, and in their case erythromycin therapy was started late. At necropsy, the lesions were solely thoracic, and were characterized by an alveolitis with many macrophages, and intense leukocytosis, and rich in fibrin; in one case, extensive fibrosis was noted; in the other, LP was diagnosed by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on a lung specimen. In the pneumology department of Hopital Avicenne, two other patients with acute pneumonias and similar clinical and radiological pictures had elevated titres to LP (1/64), but they did not rise or fall. The diagnosis of ML is probably nevertheless, particularly as the serology was negative for both Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the Chlamydias. Two of the three cases presented were among seventeen acute febrile pneumonias admitted to the pneumology department of Hopital Avicenne between the 1st of July and the 1st of October 1980, showing the relative frequency of this infection. PMID- 7302346 TI - [The diagnostic value of quantitative bacteriology in tracheal aspirates compared to lung biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt was made to define the value of the bacteriological examination of tracheal aspirations in patients on artificial ventilation. Quantitative cultures of lung biopsies, taken immediately after death, were made on 21 patients in an intensive care unit. The results were compared with the clinical signs, antibiotic therapy and quantitative cultures of tracheal secretions taken before and very soon after death. A comparison of the results shows that microbial species present in tracheal secretions at a level equal to or greater than 10(7)/ml were found in 53 percent of lung biopsies. However, the predominant bacteria found in the lung biopsies were not necessarily similar to those in the tracheal secretions. Also, bacteria minimally present or completely absent in tracheal secretions could be found in lung biopsies. Therapeutic decisions can only be made on clinical and radiological signs; bacteriological examination may be a help in the choice of drugs once such treatment has been decided upon. PMID- 7302347 TI - [Broncho-alveolar lavage in uranium miners (author's transl)]. AB - This study on workers in a uranium mine is principally concerned with the characteristics of the cells recovered by LBA. First, alveolar macrophage function was studied (including viability, phagocytic activity, capillary adherence and migratory activity). Secondly the lymphocytes were identified as T, B, and then their mitogenic responses were studied; occurring spontaneously or in response to phytohemagglutinin or purified protein derivative. Finally, the biochemical aspects were examined (including immunoglobulins, total protein, albumin, phospholipids, potassium, calcium, magnesium, complement components, anti-proteases, etc.). We conclude that there were not demonstrable changes in cellular function in either smokers or non smokers in miners subjected to the ambient radiation of a uranium mine. PMID- 7302348 TI - [The value of computed tomography in the assessment of thoracic mesothelioma (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experiences with computed tomography (CT) in 17 patients suffering from histologically proven pleural mesothelioma. The examination has two particular values. First the extent of the lesions can be assessed, in particular the retraction of the hemithorax, the detection of mediastinal involvement (which would be invisible to all other methods of examination including thoracoscopy), the exploration of the adjacent lung and the fissures, as well as the diaphragm. Secondly CT appears to be the only objective and reproducibly examination for the surveillance of lesions under treatment. PMID- 7302349 TI - [Current indications for thoracoscopy]. AB - Thoracoscopy is performed at best with a rigid apparatus and a cold light source using a single or double site of entry into the chest. Biopsy under direct vision requires a double-spoon biopsy forceps that can be connected to diathermy to insure haemostasis and prevent any air leak age. Some authors prefer a local anaesthesia but a light general anaesthesia with or without intubation allows a safe and painless examination. Numerous biopsies can be obtained for subsequent examinations, like light or electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, bacteriology and mineral studies as well as search for hormonal receptors sites on tumours. Complications are rare and fatalities exceptional (4 cases in a review of the literature covering 3.384 cases. 2 of which occurred in a small series of 150 cases). In chronic pleurisies secondary to cancer, a diagnosis was made in 92% of cases. In suspected pleural mesothelioma, thoracoscopy allows both diagnosis and staging. In pleural tuberculosis, a diagnosis is obtained in 93% of cases. Talc pleurodesis in the treatment of chronic recurrent malignant pleural effusions is successful in 80%. In the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with a mean follow up of 10 years, only 6.6% recurred after talc poudrage, and functional sequelae were minimal; no talcomas induced mesotheliomas were seen in a review of 151 cases. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy has an 87 to 94% success rate depending on series, and is thus comparable to surgical biopsy with a markedly smaller morbidity and mortality. It should thus be used more widely by pneumologists. PMID- 7302350 TI - [Respiratory complications in the course of treatment with D-penicillamine : alveolitis and bronchiolitis. A report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. AB - D-penicillamine has proved to be an effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but adverse effects of this drug are frequent. The authors report 4 cases of respiratory disease in the course of treatments with D-penicillamine for which the drug may probably be held responsible. Two patients presented with diffuse alveolitis which improved on stopping D-penicillamine. Two patients presented with rapidly progressive dyspnea; chest X-ray showed distended lungs; lung function tests showed severe airflow obstruction with air trapping : treatment with bronchodilators and corticosteroids was ineffective. Several cases of patients with such features have been reported during the last few years; pathologic studies which were performed disclosed bronchiolitis. Clinicians should be aware of the severity of this type of bronchiolitis and stop D penicillamine immediately in patients presenting with early respiratory symptoms. PMID- 7302351 TI - [Transcutaneous measurement of pO2.(author's transl)]. AB - An apparatus which allowed the measurement of transcutaneous paO2 (tcpO2) was tested on adults in an intensive care unit. The correlation between tcpO2 and blood paO2 was satisfactory (r = 0.91, n = 111), but the slope of the regression line was variable from one subject to another. On account of the poor transfer of information from the arterial blood to the skin surface, this slope could be very flat (0.43 in one of the subjects in the study). The response time of the apparatus was very short and allowed a study of the effect on the individual of variations in FIO2. The equipment appears useful for continuous non invasive monitoring of the progress of the pO2, but it cannot directly give the true value of the paO2. PMID- 7302353 TI - Chemotherapy and radiotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors. PMID- 7302354 TI - Why do colon tumours respond poorly to chemotherapeutic agents? PMID- 7302352 TI - [Lung biopsy by thoracoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - 60 patients had 1 to 7 biopsies during thoracoscopy under light anaesthesia without tracheal intubation. Biopsies were performed under direct vision using a separation puncture. Double-spoon biopsy forceps (5 mm in diameter) connected to a 120 watt diathermy apparatus avoided any air leak age and ensured haemostasis as the biopsy was taken. The dry weight of the biopsies ranged between 5 and 40 mg, allowing appropriate studies with light or electron microscope, for bacteriological and mineral analysis, and for hormone receptors search in cancer cases. A size 20 to 30 Charriere drain was left for a mean of 3 days. No serious complications arose. Ten patients had a 38 degrees C fever for a few hours. In one case early in the study a drain had to be changed on the third day. An histopathological diagnosis was made in 12 out of 14 patients with localised pulmonary opacities and in all 14 cases with diffuse opacities. In 32 cases of pleural involvement the presence or absence of concomitant lung involvement could be demonstrated. Asbestos fibres counts by electron microscopy correlated fairly with previous exposure to asbestos. The sensibility of the technique was 96% (percent of true positives) and the specificity 100% (percent of true negatives). Thoracoscopic lung biopsy may thus be compared very favourably to techniques of lung biopsy and deserves a larger studies in order to confirm its low morbidity. PMID- 7302355 TI - 5-Fluorouracil: a comparative pharmacokinetic study and preliminary results of a clinical phase I study. AB - Until now it was unknown, whether 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) would be absorbed sufficiently after oral application, so that therapeutical effects could be expected. For this reason a comparative pharmacokinetic study of intravenous versus oral application was performed on six patients, as well as a pilot study on 13 patients with adenocarcinomas of different origins. The results show that 5 FU is absorbed rapidly. The biological availability increases with higher dose, which would indicate a saturation of the "first pass" in the liver. The clinical study shows partial remission in seven patients, with hepatoma and tolerable signs of bone marrow depression, decrease of hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets after oral application of 5-FU in doses of 1,000-1,250 mg on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12. 5-FU can therefore be given successfully at an adequate dose by the oral route. PMID- 7302356 TI - Impaired natriuresis after volume expansion in the aged rat. AB - These experiments were designed to compare the natriuretic ability of old(age 22 24 months) and young (4-6 months) rats after volume expansion. No difference in extracellular fluid volume was noted as estimated by inulin space; old 18.8 +/- 0.6% and young 18.2 +/- 0.7% of body weight. Standard clearance techniques were utilized in unanesthetized animals. The fraction of infused sodium excreted during and after expansion with isotonic saline equal to 7% BW was statistically lower in the old group 53 +/- 2 vs. 68 +/- 3% (p less than 0.01). Similar measurements were made during the infusion of whole blood equal to 2.3% BW. Again the old rats excreted a significantly lower fraction of the infused Na, 55 +/- 10 vs. young 112 +/- 12%. These differences do not appear to be explained by changes in glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure, hematocrit or serum protein concentration. We conclude that aged rats have an impaired ability to excrete sodium with volume expansion but the mechanism for this defect is yet to be determined. PMID- 7302357 TI - Effect of prostaglandin inhibitors on renal function in the hypothyroid rat. AB - The mechanisms of the abnormal renal tubular handling of sodium and water in hypothyroidism are still unexplained. Since prostaglandins (PG) have been shown to diminish the tubular reabsorption of both sodium and water, this study was undertaken to examine the possibility that the tubular abnormalities observed in hypothyroidism are prostaglandin mediated. Renal clearance studies were performed in rats before and after administration of two prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. There was no significant difference in the PG-inhibitor induced absolute and percentage decrease of sodium and fluid excretion between the normal and hypothyroid rats during mild volume expansion. This indicates that prostaglandins are not responsible for the increased fractional sodium and water excretion in hypothyroid animals. PMID- 7302358 TI - Effects of glucocorticoid administration on urinary albumin excretion by the normal kidney. AB - In an effort to elucidate mechanisms by which glucocorticoids enhance urinary protein excretion, albumin and lysozyme excretion patterns were studied in normal rats which had been subjected to a variety of experimental protocols. On the basis of these studies the following conclusions were reached: (1) The acute administration of glucocorticoids produces an immediate increase of both glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and of urinary albumin and lysozyme excretion rates. (2) A delayed albuminuric response to glucocorticoids occurs 14-32 h after drug administration. This second period of albuminuria is quantitatively far more significant than the acute albuminuric response and it occurs at a time when GFR is not statistically different from control experimental animals. (3) Lysozyme excretion 14-32 h following glucocorticoid administration is normal, suggesting an intact tubular protein reabsorption mechanism at the time of maximal albuminuria. (4) The delayed albuminuric period cannot be acutely reproduced by infusion of 5 ml of serum harvested from dexamethasone pretreated albuminuric rats. (5) Dietary Na intake (and presumed activity of the renin/angiotensin axis) does not appear to influence the magnitude of the glucocorticoid-induced albuminuric reaction. Further work is needed to more fully delineate the pharmacologic pathway by which glucocorticoids affect urinary protein excretion and to ascertain whether this response differs between the normal and pathologic kidney. PMID- 7302359 TI - Renal injury and proteinuria in female spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - This investigation describes the evolution of functional and morphological changes in the kidney of female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; 5-90 weeks) and control animals of the same genetic strain, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Systolic blood pressure in SHR was 162.0 +/- (SD) 14.1 mm Hg up to 45 weeks, then increased to 189.4 +/- (SD) 16.6 mm Hg (50-90 weeks). Blood pressure in WKY controls remained constant (117.8 +/- 13.6 mm Hg, 5-100 weeks). Protein excretion in the SHR was higher than controls (1.5 +/- 0.5 mg/24 h x 100 g BW, 5-100 weeks) from week 30 on. At 90 weeks, excretion rose to 26.1 +/- 9.8 mg/24 h x 100 g BW and is predominately an albuminuria. After 70 weeks superficial tubular fluid albumin concentration in the SHR is significantly increased (p less than 0.001) over controls. Microscopic changes were evident in glomeruli, tubules, interstitium and arterial vessels at 72-90 weeks and demonstrated an increasing gradient of severity from outer to inner cortex. Glomeruli show sclerosis, fibrinoid necrosis and pericapsular fibrosis. Glomeruli studied with a polyanionic stain revealed a marked decrease in staining affinity of deep, compared to superficial glomeruli. The arterial lesions consisted of thickening of the intima and hyperplasia of the media. WKY kidneys were unremarkable. The selectivity of renal injury and proteinuria in the female SHR is similar to that in the male SHR. However, the evolution of these changes is delayed and may be related to a lower blood pressure until 50 weeks of age. PMID- 7302360 TI - Biochemical properties of glomerular basement membrane in daunomycin nephrosis and nephrotoxic serum nephritis. AB - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were isolated from the kidneys of rats suffering from daunomycin nephrosis or nephrotoxic serum nephritis. The GBM from daunomycin nephrotic rats contained significantly less hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine and glycine than that of control rats. There was an increase in glucosamine content in the membrane. No significant change was found in the neutral sugar content. In nephrotoxic serum nephritis, the relative amounts of hydroxyproline, glycine and half-cystine were decreased, whereas the relative amounts of aspartic acid, alanine, lysine and hydroxylysine were increased. The ratio of hydroxyproline to proline and the ratio of hydroxylysine to lysine were decreased. An increase in sialic acid content and a decrease in fucose and hexosamine content and glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine content were noted in nephrotoxic nephritic GBM. These chemical structural alterations could accounted for the functional disorders of diseased GBM. PMID- 7302361 TI - Biochemistry of glomerular basement membrane components purified by nondisruptive techniques. AB - In contrast to the fragmentation and loss of spatial arrangement seen in preparations of basement membrane isolated after sonic disruption, the architectural integrity of glomerular basement membrane is presented with the described technique of osmotic lysis and sequential detergent treatment. The biochemistry of components solubilized without pepsin digestion from GBM prepared with this technique is described. PMID- 7302362 TI - Glycosaminoglycans of the glomerular basement membrane in normal and nephrotic states. AB - Alterations in the permeability of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) towards native ferritin (NF) and iodinated albumin (125I-BSA) following removal of the major glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the GBM, heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), were assessed utilizing the techniques of routine electron microscopy and autoradiography, respectively. Kidneys were incubated with heparinase (to degrade the GAGs of the GBM) and subsequently perfused with either NF or 125I BSA. Control kidneys, which were not treated with heparinase, showed a low permeability to both tracers, with NF being confined to the lamina rara interna and 125I-BSA exhibiting a low level of passage into the urinary spaces (as indicated by a low density of autoradiographic grains over the urinary spaces). After heparinase treatment there was an increase in the permeability of the GBM such that both NF and 125I-BSA passed through the GBM in larger quantities and entered the urinary spaces. Perfusion of cationized ferritin (CF) into control kidneys revealed this probe to bind to the HS-rich anionic sites present within the GBM. Treatment with heparinase resulted in an abolition of the CF binding thereby indicating that the sites are composed mainly of HS and that HS plays a key role in establishing the permeability properties of the GBM. The changes in the pattern of distribution and density of the anionic sites of the GBM following induction of nephrosis was also studied. Animals were rendered nephrotic by subcutaneous injections of an aminonucleoside of puromycin and their kidneys subsequently perfused with either CF or cationized cytochrome c. No difference in either the pattern of distribution on density of the anionic sites in the GBM of nephrotic kidneys was observed when compared to nonnephrotic controls; thus indicating that the proteinuria associated with aminonucleoside nephrosis might be due to changes in components of the glomerular capillary wall other than the anionic sites. PMID- 7302363 TI - Glomerular permeability for proteins of high molecular weight entrapped in liposomes. AB - The glomerular filtration barrier is known to be negatively charged. Previous experiments have shown the importance of the electrical charge for permeability. We looked for permeability characteristics of proteins entrapped in liposomes with negative and positive charge detecting that the positive charge enables the protein to pass the glomerular filtration barrier. PMID- 7302364 TI - The cellular reaction in glomeruli of rats with anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis. AB - This work examines the cellular reaction in glomeruli of rats with an acute form of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis. After intravenous injection of rabbit-derived anti-GBM serum, heterologous and, later, autologous IgG fixed to the glomerular capillary loops. From day 1 to 11 of nephritis, glomerular hypercellularity was not appreciable or modest by qualitative histology, whereas morphometric evaluation revealed mild but significant increases of glomerular cell counts as compared to untreated controls. Histoautoradiographic studies of renal tissue 2 h after pulse administration of 3H-thymidine served to determine the proportion of glomerular cells which synthesized DNA, indicating forthcoming cell division. The mean labeling index (LI) of epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule was 1.8% in controls, rose 4- to 5-fold on the first day of nephritis and fell gradually from day 2 to 11. LI to tuft cells was 1.9% in controls, peaked on day 4, and fell thereafter. Histochemical staining for nonspecific esterase, a marker of monocytes and macrophages, revealed that glomeruli of normal rats contain very few stained cells (mean: 0.2/tuft section). In the course of nephritis, a gradual increase of esterase-positive cells took place in glomeruli which reached a plateau on day 4 (mean: 5.5/tuft section), indicating an influx of migrating monocytes. It is concluded that the injury of this model of anti-GBM nephritis involves markedly enhanced proliferation of intrinsic glomerular cells associated with infiltration of monocytes. Such a prominent cellular response is revealed by the applied quantitative methods in the absence of histologically impressive glomerular hypercellularity. PMID- 7302365 TI - Glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix: a comparative study in different vertebrates. AB - Perfusion fixation of the rat kidneys with aldehydes and alcian blue demonstrates within the glomerular mesangium various components displaying anionic binding sites. These are the surface coat of the mesangial cells, numerous mesangial microfibrils (probably glycoproteins), and polygonal particles (Presumably proteoglycans). These particles lie close to the mesangial cells and form assemblies of various extension within the mesangial matrix as well. In addition, a discontinuous basement membrane can be recognized which surrounds the mesangial cells. In the hagfish glomeruli (fixed without cationic dye), a prominent layer of microfibrils is interposed between mesangial and endothelial cells. Both these cells show incomplete basement membranes. PMID- 7302366 TI - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of glomerular basement membrane. AB - To test the hypothesis that increased nonenzymaticc glycosylation contributes to the microangiopathic sequelae of diabetes, we examined the interaction of glucose with basement membranes in vivo and in vitro. The level of nonenzymatic glycosylation, determined by hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde (HMF) generation, in glomerular basement membrane (GMB) collagen purified from rats with streptozotocin diabetes was significantly greater than that of nondiabetic GMB. Incubation of purified rat GBM and lens capsule basement membrane with [14C] glucose in vitro resulted in the incorporation of [14C] into acid precipitable radioactivity in a reaction that was dependent on time, temperature, and glucose concentration. Glucose-dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of GBM in vitro was documented by measurement of HMF generation after incubation with unlabeled glucose. These results provide direct experimental evidence that hyperglycemia, via nonenzymatic glycosylation, modifies the chemistry of proteins specifically involved in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 7302367 TI - Functional adaptation to reduction in renal mass: renal handling of amino acids by isolated perfused remnant rat kidneys. AB - To date, the renal handling of amino acids by remnant kidneys remains undefined. We have determined the renal handling of eight amino acids using the isolated perfused rat kidney. 6 normal and 22 partially infarcted rat kidneys (16 stage III [contralateral kidney removed], and 6 stage II [contralateral kidney left intact] were evaluated at perfusate amino acid concentrations approximately ten times normal plasma levels. Despite the reduction in glomerular filtration rate, the urinary excretion of most amino acids in remnant kidneys tended to exceed that of controls. Fractional amino acid excretion by both stage II and III kidneys tended to be or was higher than that of controls. The findings indicate that the fractional reabsorption of amino acids by residual nephrons of remnant kidneys is decreased. Our observations suggest that the changes are unrelated to a functional adaptation to the uremic environment. PMID- 7302368 TI - Effect of anaesthesia and surgery on urine flow and electrolyte excretion in different rat strains. AB - The suitability of some commonly used experimental procedures for studying the effect of chronic alterations of sodium excretion on lithium clearance was examined in Wistar rats and Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were maintained on diets with standardized sodium content for 10 days before the investigation. Urine flow and clearance values were measured in (1) awake unoperated rats, (2) awake catheterized rats and (3) anaesthetized rats of both strains. Awake unoperated and awake catheterized Wistar rats showed almost identical urine flows and clearances of sodium and lithium. Amytal anaesthetized Wistar rats showed significantly depressed urine flows and clearances of sodium, lithium and inulin as compared with awake rats. Awake unoperated and awake catheterized Sprague Dawley rats showed almost identical clearance values but the urine flow rates were increased about fivefold in the awake catheterized Sprague-Dawley rats. Amytal anaesthetized catheterized Sprague-Dawley rats showed unchanged urine flows and clearance values as compared with awake rats. Inactin anaesthesia reduced the urine flows and clearance values in both Wistar rats and Sprague Dawley rats. It is concluded that anaesthesia and surgery affect the kidney function to different degrees in different rat strains, amytal anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats being the least influenced. If exposure of the kidney is unnecessary, awake catheterized Wistar rats offer a suitable experimental procedure for determination of urine flow and urinary clearances of sodium and lithium. PMID- 7302369 TI - Effects of glipizide on water and electrolyte handling in water-loaded humans. AB - Renal handling of H2O, Na, and K during H2O diuresis was studied in the same healthy subjects on two occasions, after the administration of either 5 mg of the sulfonylurea, glipizide, or a placebo. Following glipizide, there was no significant overall change in creatinine clearance and the calculated rate of distal Na + K delivery (CH2O + C(Na + K)) in 9 individuals. However, the clearance of free water (CH2O) and the mean fraction of Na + K reabsorbed at the diluting site increased significantly from 8.5 +/- (SEM) 0.8 to 9.8 +/- (SEM) 0.8 ml/min/100 ml GFR (p less than 0.02) and from 55 +/- (SEM) 6 to 67 +/- (SEM) 7% (p less than 0.05), respectively. The mean rate of total Na and K excretion fell following glipizide (p less than 0.05). Our results, in conjunction with the results from similar type studies, suggest that ingestion of glipizide and other sulfonylureas that lack antidiuretic properties increase CH2O, at least in part, by augmenting ion reabsorption at the diluting sites of the nephron. PMID- 7302370 TI - Stimulatory effect of calcium ions on p-aminohippurate accumulation by rat kidney cortical slices. AB - The effect of external Ca2+ on p-aminohippurate (PAH) transport was examined using rat kidney cortical slices. External Ca2+ increased the initial rate of PAH uptake, markedly enhanced its maximal accumulation at steady-state conditions and depressed the efflux. Kinetic studies revealed that increasing external Ca2+ from 0 to 2.5 mM resulted in an increase in the Vmax of transport, while the apparent Km values remained constant. When the intracellular Na+ levels of the slices were equal, PAH accumulation was increased in the presence of Ca2+. A divalent cation such as Ba2+, Mn2+ or Sr2+ enhanced PAH accumulation to at least the same degree as Ca2+. While Mg2+ had no effect, La3+ exhibited a little stimulatory effect on the PAH accumulation. We suggest that the stimulatory action of Ca2+ on PAH accumulation is in part dissociated from that of Na+ gradient and that Ca2+ can be substituted by Ba2+, Mn2+ and Sr2+ with regard to the stimulation of PAH accumulation. PMID- 7302371 TI - Hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and anti-inflammatory potency of hydrocortisone in rats with granulomatous inflammation. AB - Experimental granuloma pouches were induced in the dorsum of Sprague-Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of either carrageenin or agar. In the former inflammation model, the hepatic activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase and the contents of cytochromes P-450 and b5 were reduced significantly from control and pentobarbital sleeping time was prolonged. Hydrocortisone inhibited significantly the increased vascular permeability, exudation and proliferation of the carrageenin-induced granuloma in the daily, oral dose of 10 mg/kg for 3 days. On the other hand, the animals with agar granuloma pouch did not show any decline of the hepatic drug metabolism and a same dosage level of hydrocortisone showed substantially no inhibitory effect on the agar granuloma. Consequently, it is suggested that impairment of the hepatic drug metabolism may be responsible for the increased potency of hydrocortisone in the carrageenin-induced granuloma. PMID- 7302372 TI - Isoniazid metabolism in the rabbit, and the effect of rifampin pretreatment. AB - The metabolism of 14C-isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH) (50 mg/kg, po) was studied in male New Zealand White rabbits and the effect on INH metabolism of pretreating the rabbits for 7 days with rifampin (100 mg/kg po per day) was also studied. The 14C-labelled metabolites were separated and quantitated by TLC and the unlabelled hydrazino metabolites by GLC. Absorption and elimination of INH was rapid since the peak blood 14C level was attained by 1 hr and the T 1/2 of elimination was 2.67 +/- 0.36 hr. By 12 hr 68.5 +/- 4.1% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The major metabolite excreted in the urine was isonicotinic acid (INA) which accounted for 40.3 +/- 3.5% of the dose followed by acetylisoniazid (AcINH) at 15.8 +/- 1.2%. The relatively high proportion of INA excreted by the rabbit compared to the rat and human is attributed to a high level of amidase in the rabbit, and is suggested as a possible explanation for the rabbit's sensitivity to INH-induced hepatotoxicity. Rifampin pretreatment produced only one significant change in the parameters studied and that was a reduction in AcINH excreted in urine. It is suggested that this effect may be due to rifampin increasing hepatic amidase activity. PMID- 7302373 TI - Nephrotoxicity of halogenated vinyl cysteine compounds. AB - S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) cysteine (DCVC), is a potent nephrotoxin. In order to determine if other vinyl cysteine conjugates were nephrotoxic, halogenated vinyl cysteines, HVC-1 and HVC-2, were prepared from chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), a fluorocarbon monomer, or chlorotifluoroethylene, a metabolite of halothane, respectively. Three days after receiving DCVC (5-10 mg/kg), CD-1 mice developed focal renal tubular necrosis. Mice treated with HVC-1 or HVC-2 (5-10 mg/kg) also developed renal necrosis by 3 days post exposure. HVC-1 was not as potent as DCVC with the necrosis limited to the pars recta. At equivalent doses HVC-2 caused less necrosis of the pars recta than HVC-1. The degree of nephrotoxicity by all three compounds exhibited a dose-response from 1-25 mg/kg. Doses greater than 25 mg/kg were often lethal within 3 days and the mice had a complete zonal necrosis of the renal cortex and a two-fold increase in kidney weight. Structural analogues, S-(chlorethyl) or S-(hydroxyethyl) cysteine, did not cause renal necrosis in mice at doses up to 200 mg/kg. These studies indicate that the enzymes reportedly responsible for converting DCVC to a nephrotoxic intermediate will also bioactivate other halogenated vinyl cysteines. PMID- 7302374 TI - Chelate antidotal efficacy in acute zinc intoxication. PMID- 7302375 TI - Styrene oxidation to styrene oxide in human blood erythrocytes and lymphocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes and lymphocytes catalyzed styrene oxidation to styrene oxide. The erythrocyte catalyzed reaction was inhibited by CO, occurred in the absence of NADPH and NADH and was undetectable in the absence of O2 and with erythrocyte membranes. Lymphocyte catalyzed styrene oxide formation required the addition of cofactors and these cells showed 6 times the activity of erythrocytes with a 4 times lower styrene concentration. Although lymphocytes appear to be more active than red blood cells in styrene oxidation, their contribution to styrene metabolism in whole blood seems extremely small. PMID- 7302376 TI - Salivary levels of N-nitrosamines and some metabolites after IP injection of N nitrosamines in rats. AB - The carcinogens N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) were detected in rat saliva by gas liquid chromatography or HPLC after their ip injections. Salivary levels were equal to or greater than blood levels. A fairly linear dose response in salivary levels was observed in the range of 1-50 mg/kg. Salivary levels of DMN and DEN decreased between 0.5 and 1.0 hr after administration with the decrease becoming more prominent at lower doses. Formaldehyde and bicarbonate, metabolites of DMN, were also detected in rat saliva. PMID- 7302377 TI - The inhibition by a series of potentially bioreductive naphthoquinones of rat liver mitochondria and sarcoma 180 tumor cell respiration. AB - A series of potentially bioreductive naphthoquinones were investigated for their effects on rat liver mitochondrial electron transport and energy transfer and their ability to inhibit Sarcoma 180 tumor cell respiration in vitro. It was found that all the naphthoquinones evaluated, inhibited tumor cell respiration and rat liver mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. It was also found that 1,4 naphthoquinones substituted at the 2 and 3 positions were more effective inhibitors of the respiratory and energy transfer systems studied than those substituted at the 2 position only. 2,3-bis(chloromethyl) 1,4-naphthoquinone was found to cause the most rapid onset of inhibition, cause an immediate burst of cyanide insensitive respiration, and cause a preferential reduction of cytochromes c, a and a3 following oxygen depletion. PMID- 7302378 TI - Ethanol mustard cytotoxicity in vitro toward murine leukemia and bone marrow progenitor cells. AB - Ethanol mustard, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]ethanol-picrate, was approximately one tenth as cytotoxic as mechlorethamine toward both murine bone marrow progenitor cells and L1210 leukemia cells. Choline protected cells against nitrogen mustard cytotoxicity, but increased their sensitivity toward ethanol mustard. 2-(di-n--butylamino)ethanol was the best protector of both bone marrow precursor cells and L1210 cells against ethanol mustard cytotoxicity. Both ethanol mustard and 2-(di-n-butylamino)ethanol showed non-competitive inhibition of choline transport. PMID- 7302379 TI - Phospholipids in the developing rat liver: fatty acid content and composition. AB - Fatty acid content and composition of hepatic phospholipids was studied in rats during the fetal and postnatal period of development. Total phospholipid fatty acid content showed increases related to age including an elevation of saturated fatty acids such as myristic, stearic arachidic and lignoceric acids. Palmitic acid was unchanged in females and only slightly altered in males. Unsaturated fatty acids from total phospholipids were discretely increased, including linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Total fatty acid content of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions were also increased in relation to age in both sexes. The unsaturated components, however, showed a larger proportional increase. Major acyl components involved in these age-related changes were significantly increased, including linolenic and arachidonic acids; palmitic and docosahexaenoic acids were decreased. These data indicate that in rat hepatic phospholipids a selective increase in unsaturated fatty acids predominated during development with profound influences in the subcellular distribution of these moieties. PMID- 7302380 TI - Therapy with vitamin B6 with and without surgery for treatment of patients having the idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - Blood samples from four patients at the time of surgery to relieve the compression of the carpal tunnel syndrome, which was diagnosed by clinical and electromyographic evaluation, were differentially assayed to determine the specific activities and the % deficiencies of the erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (EGOT). The data from these assays revealed that these four patients had a severe deficiency of vitamin B6. These data, in conjunction with previous biochemical and clinical results over five years, underscore the desirability, and even necessity, of testing by the EGOT analysis for the presence of a severe deficiency of vitamin B6 in all such patients before surgery. Treatment with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) for a minimum period of 12 weeks, depending upon the duration and severity of the symptoms, has been effective without exception. Surgery may relieve compression, but does not correct a deficiency of vitamin B6. Surgery in addition to therapy with vitamin B6 should be reserved for those patients who have had the deficiency for so many years that much tissue damage is irreversible by pyridoxine, and additional relief from pain can be achieved through the surgery. PMID- 7302381 TI - Cardiovascular response to electrical stimulation of and microinjection of ouabain into posterior and ventromedial hypothalamus of cat. AB - Electrical stimulation (ES) of and injection of ouabain into ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of cats elicited only minor changes in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). On the other hand similar treatments to posterior hypothalamus (PH) consistently produced a significant increase in HR and BP; two out of five animals developed cardiac arrhythmias. The study suggests that PH is a potential site of action of ouabain for induction of arrhythmias. PMID- 7302382 TI - Effects of alterations in drug metabolism on chloroform-induced cardiac arrhythmias in rabbits. AB - Control rabbits or those treated with phenobarbital to induce drug metabolism or SKF 525A or Lilly 18947 to inhibit were exposed by inhalation to 10,500 ppm chloroform for one hour. Phenobarbital treatment decreased blood levels only prior to reaching equilibrium and did not alter the response to epinephrine induced cardiac arrhythmias. The inhibitors, despite causing higher blood levels of chloroform, did not alter its cardiotoxicity. PMID- 7302383 TI - Effect of polyelectrolytes on the absorption of salicylic acid from the rat intestine. PMID- 7302384 TI - Toxicity of hymenoxon in Swiss white mice following pretreatment with microsomal enzyme inducers, inhibitors and carbon tetrachloride. AB - Pretreatment of mice with the microsomal enzyme inducers, phenobarbital or polychlorinated biphenyl, or microsomal enzyme inhibitor, chloramphenicol, did not significantly alter the toxicity of hymenoxon. Pretreatment of mice with the hepatotoxin, carbon tetrachloride, provided significant protection against challenge dosages of hymenoxon. The LD50 of hymenoxon following carbon tetrachloride pretreatment was increased to 630 +/- 20.5 mg/kg as compared to the known oral LD50 of 241 +/- 10 mg/kg. These results suggest that a metabolite of hymenoxon may be responsible for the toxicity of this sesquiterpene lactone. PMID- 7302385 TI - Protective effect of butylated hydroxyanisole on acute hymenoxon and bitterweed poisoning. PMID- 7302386 TI - Cholesterol HDL in G-6-PD deficient newborn infants following phenobarbital administration. PMID- 7302387 TI - Effect of three bile acid binding polymers on the biosynthesis of 14C-cholesterol from 14C-sodium acetate in the rat. AB - The relative activity of three bile acid binding polymers in increasing cholesterol biosynthesis in the rat from 14C-acetate was determined by measuring blood levels of 14C-cholesterol after intraperitoneally administered 14C-acetate. CAT-FLOC and 3,3-ionene were 4-5 times more active than cholestyramine in this study which correlated well with the results of hypocholesteremic testing in dogs. PMID- 7302388 TI - [Oxygen enrichers and different ways of using them]. AB - Different ways of using oxygen enrichers have been studied. First, the performances of two different devices were tested: the results were very similar to the constructors' previsions. Second, oxygen concentrations in venturi masks connected to enrichers were measured with a mass spectrometer. The authors suggest to adjust the flow delivered by enrichers at 3 liters/min for any type of venturi mask. Pharyngeal oxygen concentration curves show the reliability of masks connected to enrichers compared to other modes of administration (nasal cannulae, nasal catheter). PMID- 7302389 TI - The site of action of beta-2-sympathomimetic bronchodilatators in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. AB - Administration of fenoterol aerosol limited to the upper respiratory tract during intubation produced the same bronchodilatating effect as the usual administration to the whole respiratory tract by the metered-dose aerosols used clinically in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. The site of action of the beta 2-sympathicomimetic drugs in this area of the respiratory tract appears to be in the sensory limb of the bronchoconstriction reflex. PMID- 7302390 TI - When is a positive nasal challenge test clinically relevant? AB - 339 subjects with a clinically manifest or latent allergy to different allergens were tested intranasally: 163 with grass pollens, 19 with tree pollens, 46 with cat fur, 23 with dog hair, 79 with mites and 9 with horse hair. Two thirds of the patients with a latent allergy towards pollens either reacted to a pollen concentration of 1% w/v or not at all, one third responded to 0.1% w/v. Two thirds of the pollinosis patients reacted at 0.01% w/v, one third at 0.1% w/v. Threshold dosages were also found for animal fur: The limits are at 1.5% w/v (manifest allergy) and 150% w/v (latent allergy) and the transitional range at 15% w/v. No threshold was found for mites. The study shows that for certain allergens there exist threshold concentrations which should not be exceeded. Where there is no threshold dose, as e.g. with mites, the nasal test is no more informative than the skin test. PMID- 7302391 TI - Concentrations of semi-synthetic penicillins in the plasma and in the expectoration, administered by means of intermittent vein perfusion. AB - We report the levels of concentration of ampicillin, dicloxacillin, and carbenicillin reached in the blood and in the expectoration following the administration of these drugs by rapid venous infusion, once every 24 h. The concentration of ampicillin in the blood serum varied from 150 to 180 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion and from 30 to 3 micrograms/ml 4 afterwards and the dicloxacillin concentration from 150 to 120 micrograms/ml, and from 24 to 6 micrograms/ml. The concentration of ampicillin in purulent expectoration was 5-7 micrograms/ml and that of dicloxacillin 2.5-4 micrograms/ml. The concentration of carbenicillin in the plasma varied from 1,040 to 130 micrograms/ml, and in the expectoration it was around 15 micrograms/ml. Several cases of acute and chronic lung and bronchial diseases caused by bacteria have been treated by means of venous infusion once every 24 h and results were excellent. PMID- 7302392 TI - Control of air flow in bird lungs: radiographic studies. AB - The complex pattern of air flow in the respiratory system of birds suggests that certain sites function as valves. To examine the possibility of mechanical valving, rather than aerodynamic valving, we recorded radiographic images of the orifices where the medioventral secondary bronchi branch from the primary bronchus in resting Pekin ducks. Analysis of the images indicated that the orifices do not change size or shape during the respiratory cycle, suggesting that they function as aerodynamic rather than mechanical valves in directing air flow through the lung. PMID- 7302393 TI - Effect of shifts of the O2 dissociation curve upon alveolar-arterial O2 gradients in computer models of the lung with ventilation-perfusion mismatching. AB - The effect of a shift of the blood O2 dissociation curve (ODC) on the alveolar arterial O2 gradient was studied in computer models of the lung with several degrees of VA/Q inequality during air breathing. A shift to the left decreases and a shift to the right increases not only the mixed-venous but also the arterial PO2. Consequently the alveolar-arterial O2 gradient is larger with a left and smaller with a right shift of the ODC. This effect of a shift of the ODC on the alveolar-arterial O2 gradient is negligible in a healthy lung but becomes quite considerable in a diseased lung with a severe mismatching of VA/Q. PMID- 7302394 TI - Electrolyte composition of cerebrospinal fluid in acute acid-base disorders. AB - Electrolyte composition of cisternal CSF was measured during 4 hours of respiratory and metabolic acid-base disturbance in anesthetized dogs. Three groups of dogs were studied: (1), isocapnic metabolic alkalosis; (2), acute respiratory acidosis; and (3), combined respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Cisternal CSF [K+] remained unchanged despite significant changes in plasma [K+], PCO2 and [HCO3-]; suggesting that mechanisms involved in regulation of CSF [K+] continue to operate normally under such conditions. Cisternal [Na+] and osmolality remained unchanged with almost identical reciprocal equimolar changes in CSF concentration of Cl- and HCO3- during the acid-base disorders studied. The regulatory mechanisms involved in this Cl- -HCO3- exchange may be different in different acid-base disorders, but since CSF [Na+] is kept constant, CSF [HCO3-] in any acid-base disorder equals the difference between CSF [Na+] and CSF [Cl-]. PMID- 7302395 TI - Fetal lung development in surgically induced prolonged gestation. AB - In our previous study we prolonged gestation in rats with daily subcutaneous injections of progesterone starting on gestation day 20 (P20). To determine whether exogenous progesterone affects the growth of post-term fetal lungs, we utilized surgical techniques to prolong gestation by retaining 4 living fetuses 1, 2, or 3 days beyond the date of spontaneous delivery of the rest of the litter. The retained fetuses were harvested by caesarean section on gestation days 21 through 25. In spite of an improved general appearance in the retained fetuses, there were many similarities between the retained and the post-term P20 fetuses such as: increase in fetal body, kidney and spleen weights; reduction in lung and liver weights; progressive lung atelectasis; loss of lung and liver glycogen; hypoglycemia; and reduction in placenta DNA content. The significant differences between the two were in the amount of lung disaturated phosphatidyl choline (DSPC) and lung DNA (cell number), expressed per lung or per body weight. In contrast to the P20 post-term fetuses, which exhibited a biphasic phenomenon in DSPC and DNA contents, the retained fetuses showed no change in lung DSPC and DNA contents after term. The P20 fetuses had larger adrenals, which increased with prolongation of gestation. The results suggest that exogenous progesterone does not affect the fetal lung growth post-term. It is speculated that the cellularity and the DSPC content of the post-term fetal lung is adversely affected by the degree of fetal distress. PMID- 7302397 TI - Gas exchange during bicycle exercises preceded or not by loadless pedalling in female and male subjects. AB - The effects on ventilation and oxygen uptake of pedalling with no load on the ergometer before exercise have been investigated in 10 subjects (6 males and 4 females). It has been found that: (1) the O2-deficit calculated at the beginning of exercise is less variable and generally reduced when exercise has been preceded by a loadless pedalling period; (2) for a given steady-state VO2, the O2 deficit is larger in female than in male subjects; (3) the respiratory equivalents for oxygen and for carbon dioxide are not affected by loadless pedalling; they are generally larger in female than in male subjects; (4) the increase in ventilation at the beginning of exercise is smaller after loadless pedalling but this seems to be apparent only in male subjects; (5) the pattern of breathing and heart rate are not affected by loadless pedalling. It is concluded that pedalling with no load on the ergometer before the exercise prepares the subject to deliver oxygen more rapidly to the muscles. It then reduces the variability in gas exchanges and the O2-deficit. Several factors which may account for this better efficiency of oxygen delivery are discussed. PMID- 7302396 TI - Pontile axonal projections of medullary respiratory neurons. AB - Our purpose was to determine if any medullary respiratory neurons have axonal projections to the rostral pons. In decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed and ventilated cats, we monitored efferent phrenic nerve activity and activities of single respiratory and non-respiratory neurons in the regions of the dorsal (DRN) and ventral (VRN) medullary respiratory nuclei. Neurons were classified as bulbospinal, vagal or bulbopontile if stimulation of the spinal cord, vagus nerve or pons elicited antidromic action potentials. If no such action potentials were elicited, the neurons were designated as 'not antidromically activated'. Approximately ten percent of respiratory neurons in both the DRN and VRN were bulbopontile. The great majority of these exhibited tonic or phasic phase spanning patterns of activity. Effective stimulation loci in pons extended from the area of the trigeminal motor nuclei to the Kolliker-Fuse and parabrachial nuclei. At these same loci, antidromic action potentials were also elicited for some non-respiratory medullary neurons. The possible role of bulbopontile respiratory neurons in the control of automatic ventilatory activity is discussed. PMID- 7302398 TI - [Deafness and bone pathology of the internal acoustic meatus]. PMID- 7302399 TI - Vestibular nerve pathology and its impact on the therapy of Meniere's disease. PMID- 7302400 TI - [Surgery of the petrous bone portion of the facial nerve by the subtemporal approach]. PMID- 7302401 TI - [Surgery of otosclerosis]. PMID- 7302402 TI - [Otosclerosis]. PMID- 7302403 TI - Stapedectomy... changing pattern: numbers, results and complications. PMID- 7302404 TI - Ultrastructural pathology of endolymphatic sac biopsy specimens correlated with the clinical stage in Meniere's disease. PMID- 7302405 TI - [2 cases of neurinoma of the acoustic nerve preceded by regressed peripheral facial paralysis]. PMID- 7302406 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in alcoholics with or without cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302408 TI - [Antibacterial activity of fosfomycin and of the association fosfomycin rifampicin, upon gram negative bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302407 TI - [The posterior vagus trunk and its connections with the secretory areas of the stomach: an anatomical study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302409 TI - [Chagasic cardiopathy in the province of Chanaral (Chile) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302411 TI - [Weber Christian panniculitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302410 TI - [Glucose intolerance and diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302413 TI - [Legal responsibility in medical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302412 TI - [Medical liability and medical ethics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302414 TI - [Drinking habit in a working population (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302416 TI - [Phlebographic investigation for suspicion of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302415 TI - [Epidemiological trends of tuberculosis in Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302417 TI - [Diffuse fasciite with eosinophilia : a new syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302418 TI - [The out-patient blood pressure clinic at St. Pierre's Hospital, Brussels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302419 TI - [Long-term treatment and monitoring of arteriopathies of the lower limbs. Review of various data concerning epidemiology and natural history of atheromatosis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 7302420 TI - [Arteritis of the lower limbs from the surgical viewpoint. When to operate? Which operation to recommend?]. PMID- 7302421 TI - [Arteritis of the lower limbs. Surgical follow-up. The surgeon's viewpoint]. PMID- 7302422 TI - [Apudoma]. PMID- 7302423 TI - [Pros and cons of systematic use of ultrasound for normal pregnancy check-ups]. PMID- 7302424 TI - [Relations between small hospitals and the University Center. Experience of department chiefs at the Delemont Regional Hospital]. PMID- 7302425 TI - [Iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus above the diaphragm with mediastinal abscess and right pleural empyema. Apropos of a case diagnosed and treated on the 16th day]. PMID- 7302426 TI - [Is it necessary to operate on angiomas in children?]. PMID- 7302427 TI - [Is the prescription of digoxin 5 days out of 7 rational?]. PMID- 7302429 TI - [Classification of interventions for sterility of tubo-peritoneal origin]. PMID- 7302428 TI - [Surveillance of digitalized patients through digoxinemia determination]. PMID- 7302430 TI - [Technical aspects of microsurgical salpingostomies]. PMID- 7302431 TI - [Salpingoneostomies by creating a cuff]. PMID- 7302432 TI - [Tubal surgery: evaluation and presentation of results]. PMID- 7302433 TI - [Methods of tubal reimplantation]. PMID- 7302434 TI - [Microsurgical management of extra-uterine pregnancies in emergencies]. PMID- 7302435 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the epithelium of the uterine tube following restorative tubular emergency surgery]. PMID- 7302436 TI - [Pre-operative medical measures before tubular surgery]. PMID- 7302437 TI - [Prevention of pelvic adhesions]. PMID- 7302438 TI - [Cerebral laterality and mental disorders]. PMID- 7302439 TI - [The notion of time in schizophrenics]. PMID- 7302440 TI - [Kidney function tests]. PMID- 7302441 TI - [Pediatric nephrology: from symptom to laboratory]. PMID- 7302442 TI - [Renal puncture biopsy. Its value and indications]. PMID- 7302443 TI - [Investigations in urology]. PMID- 7302444 TI - [Intravenous urography]. PMID- 7302445 TI - [Transverse computer tomography and renal pathology]. PMID- 7302446 TI - [Echography of the kidney]. PMID- 7302447 TI - [Renal exploration using radioisotopes]. PMID- 7302448 TI - [Rheumatoid polyarthritis or lupus erythematosus diseminatus? Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 7302449 TI - [The value of scanograpy in the diagnosis of lumbar disc hernias]. PMID- 7302450 TI - [The development of the human cerebral cortex. A quantitative study]. PMID- 7302451 TI - [Neuronal death in the development and aging of the cerebral cortex of the mouse]. PMID- 7302452 TI - [Werdnig-Hoffmann disease]. PMID- 7302453 TI - [Primary tumors of the central nervous system]. PMID- 7302454 TI - [The pathology of skeletal muscle]. PMID- 7302455 TI - [Amanita phalloides poisoning]. PMID- 7302456 TI - The relationship of excessive exploratory behavior in wakefulness to paradoxical sleep without atonia. AB - The hypothesis that cats exhibiting paradoxical sleep (PS) without atonia are more active than normal in wakefulness was tested. To provide a quantitative measure of locomotor activity, 15 cats were subjected to an open-field test of activity for 5 one-hour or 10 half-hour sessions before and after placement of bilateral pontine tegmental lesions, which induce PS without atonia. Thirteen of the cats had PS without atonia and showed significant (p less than 0.05) increases in open-field activity, which was judged to be exploratory in nature, rather than aimless pacing. Increases ranged from 30-261%. In spite of the abnormal increase in antigravity muscle tone during PS postoperatively, hypertonia was not present during wakefulness. Of the 2 cats without elaborate behavior during PS, 1 had a significant decrease in activity. Its lesion may have damaged a lateral brainstem locomotor region. The same effect was obtained with unilateral damage of this region in 1 of 2 cats subjected to 2-stage operations. The results were used to develop the argument that peripheral motor inhibition during PS depends on suppression of a brainstem locomotor region in addition to direct inhibition of spinal motor neurons. PMID- 7302457 TI - The impact of autonomic nervous system dysfunction on breathing during sleep. AB - Ten patients with autonomic nervous system dysfunction (familial dysautonomia, juvenile diabetes, or Shy-Drager syndrome) were studied to assess the impact of their impairment on breathing during sleep. Several types of breathing dysfunction during sleep were identified independent of the patients' primary complaints. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was the most common; central sleep apnea and disturbances of te respiratory oscillator also were seen. Esophageal reflux was found to be the cause of some sleep-related problems. The observed respiratory irregularities were not associated with the usual cardiac response; a "decoupling" of heart rate from the respiratory cycle was noted during sleep in these patients. PMID- 7302458 TI - Across-night lengthening of sleep apneic episodes. AB - Systematic trends in the length of apneas were investigated in 8 sleep apnea patients, all of whom had more than 200 apneas per night. Regression analysis performed on the length of apneas by thirds of the night revealed significant linear trends for apneas in sleep stage 2, and for apneas in all sleep stages pooled together. There were no significant trends in the index of apnea density. We suggest that the across-night lengthening of apneas reflects a progressive increase in the arousal threshold, either by a compensatory deepening of sleep or by progressive changes in respiratory chemoreceptor sensitivity. The lack of significant trends in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep supports the conclusion that apnea termination in REM sleep is mediated by a different mechanism than in non REM sleep. PMID- 7302459 TI - Comparisons of home sleep recordings and polysomnograms in older adults with sleep disorders. AB - A major problem with studying the prevalence of sleep disorders is the high cost. We tested a portable home recording system which can decrease the cost of screening sleep recordings. Twenty-four senior volunteers and 12 patients referred to our sleep disorders clinic were studied for two nights. On one night, recordings were done in the laboratory with a traditional polysomnogram and the portable home recorder. On another night, portable home recorders were used in the subjects' homes. Of 36 subjects, 42% had sleep apnea and 39% had nocturnal myoclonus. Intermethod correlations were highly significant for sleep apnea index, nocturnal myoclonus index, total sleep period (TSP), total sleep time (TST), and wake time after sleep onset (WASO). The portable home recorder detected sleep apnea on 100% of nights during which sleep apnea was diagnosed by polysomnogram. The labor-saving and cost-saving benefits of home recordings as well as the increased comfort, privacy, and convenience will make the portable home recording the preferred method for many research and clinical applications. PMID- 7302460 TI - First night effects in good sleepers and sleep-maintenance insomniacs when recorded at home. AB - Home sleep recordings were conducted over four consecutive nights with 12 good sleepers and 12 sleep-maintenance insomniacs. Good sleepers showed decreased sleep efficiency and increased min awake after sleep onset on night 1. Insomniacs showed extended latency to onset of the first REM period and decreased REM in the first third of the initial recording night. Good sleepers and insomniacs reported no significant differences in adequacy of sleep between the first and subsequent sleep nights. PMID- 7302461 TI - Sleep loss in young adolescents. AB - Effects of one night's sleep loss on nocturnal sleep, performance, and sleepiness were evaluated in 12 subjects (8 boys, 4 girls) whose ages ranged from 11.7 to 14.6 years. The magnitude and direction of sleep stage changes after sleep loss were comparable to similar findings in older subjects. Performance test decrements occurred for two measures during sleep deprivation. The performance decrements appeared to be related to episodes of sleep during the performance tests. Subjective measures of sleepiness showed a significant increase during sleep loss, with a complete recovery to basal levels after one night of sleep. The subjective ratings of sleepiness during sleep loss also showed a marked short term dependence on preceding activity levels. Multiple sleep latency tests showed a marked reduction of sleep onset latency from 0530 throughout the day of sleep loss. In contrast to the subjective measures, sleep latency test scores did not vary with activity levels during sleep loss and did not recover to basal levels until the afternoon of the first recovery day. In general, there were no marked differences in the sleep loss response of young adolescents as compared to published reports of sleep loss in older subjects. PMID- 7302462 TI - Insomniac children. AB - In this preliminary investigation sixteen latency-age children were compared with matched good sleep children from child psychiatric and general pediatric clinic populations. Parent and child reports support the existence of chronic childhood insomnia, occurring at a greater frequency in an emotionally disturbed population. Although parent-child agreement on insomnia symptoms tends to be high, there was poor agreement on other sleep-related symptoms. PMID- 7302463 TI - Persistence of the circadian rhythm of REM sleep: a variety of experimental manipulations of the sleep-wake cycle. AB - Many studies of nocturnal sleep, daytime naps, and phase shifts of sleep time indicate that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has a circadian rhythm with an acrophase in the early morning, whereas slow wave sleep (SWS) correlates positively with the length of prior wakefulness. We confirmed that REM sleep has a stable circadian variation; large REM sleep amounts occurred in morning naps despite increase of SWS, owing to 1 night of total sleep deprivation. Heart rate and oral temperature both continued to show a circadian rhythm in spite of 1 night of total sleep deprivation. The lowest point of both cycles occurred in the early morning and the highest point in the late afternoon. The amount of REM sleep was largest near the low point of the circadian cycle of oral temperature and heart rate, and smallest at the high point, indicating a phase reversal relationship between the circadian rhythm of REM sleep and the autonomic functions. During 1 week of absolute bed rest under entrained conditions, subjects were most able to sleep near the low point of their oral temperature cycle and least able to sleep near the high point, and the amount of REM sleep was largest near the low point of the oral temperature and smallest at the high point. PMID- 7302464 TI - Report on a double-blind trial comparing small and large doses of gold in the treatment of rheumatoid disease. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out for one year on 60 patients suffering from rheumatoid disease. A dosage of 10 mg of sodium aurothiomalate weekly was compared to 50 my weekly. The method and regime of the trial are described. Analysis of the results showed no statistical difference in response between the two groups. There was no appreciable difference in the toxic effects between the two groups and those reported were not serious. PMID- 7302466 TI - The relationship of serum uric acid to subclinical blood lead. AB - Subclinical blood lead (less than 2.90 micro mol/l, i.e. 60 micro g/dl) and serum uric acid (SUA) levels were monitored in 318 Black males (aged 20 to 60 years). No statistically significant relationship between the two biological parameters was observed but SUA and age were correlated (r = 0.145). On subdividing the total study population into hostel and township groups, the latter demonstrated a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) mean SUA level. This could be explained by the increased sophistication, relative to the hostel group, of the latter's lifestyle. PMID- 7302465 TI - Arteritis associated with hyperviscosity-like syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis, treated by intermittent plasma-exchange for 2.5 years. AB - A case is reported of a hyperviscosity-like syndrome in a 53-year-old male suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The clinical presentation was an acute abdomen, peripheral neuritis, otovestibular areflexy, and central retinal vein thrombosis (papilloedema and retinopathy with venous engorgement, haemorrhages and exudates). Plasma viscosity was normal and whole blood viscosity, measured with an Oswald viscometer, was slightly elevated. The patient had markedly elevated rheumatoid factor tire and fibrinogen level. Histologically, there were no signs of arteritis in the mesentery. Intermittent plasma-exchange resulted in general improvement and no new vascular accidents after 2.5 years. PMID- 7302467 TI - Use and misuse of the tape-measure as a means of assessing muscle strength and power. AB - The tape-measure is frequently used by the medical profession to assess muscle function following injury. It is assumed that increasing limb girth is reflected by increasing muscle power and strength; but this assumption is empirical and may not in practice be justified. The relationship between thigh circumference and muscle strength and power, measured as the torque produced on an isokinetic dynamometer, was assessed in 64 subjects--24 non-injured sportsmen and 40 injured sportsmen. The correlation between the torque produced at the knee by the knee extensors and flexors and the thigh circumference at three levels was not significant in either group. Comparison of the injured with the non-injured limb also failed to show any correlation. By contrast, in eight subjects, repeated measurements over a six to eight month period showed a significant relationship between change in thigh circumference and change in quadriceps power. It is concluded that a single measurement of circumference at the same point in both thighs of a subject with unilateral injury should not be used as an assessment of muscle function. Serial measurements, however, at the 4 and 10 cm levels may be of value as an index of quadriceps power. Reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 7302468 TI - A new goniometer. AB - A simple new goniometer has been developed for measurement of the mobility of the cervical spine. It consists of a headgear with three rigid scales calibrated in degrees, mounted on a skull cap with straps around the chin, and it measures flexion/extension, lateral flexion and horizontal rotation. Its construction and use are described. Three observers each tested the same 10 subjects to determine inter-observer error. Two observers then each tested 10 different subjects on two occasions at intervals of 10 to 30 minutes to test intra-observer error. Statistical analysis of the inter-observer error data by analysis of variance, and the intra-observer error data by calculation of means and standard errors of the differences between the means, showed that acceptably reproducible results could be obtained with this new goniometer, and it is also shown that an experienced observer can obtain more consistently reproducible results. Reference is made to the successful use of this technique in a comparative study (published elsewhere) of two drugs in degenerative joint disease of the cervical spine. PMID- 7302470 TI - Asymmetry in the autonomic nervous system with reference to the nasal cycle, migraine, anisocoria and Meniere's syndrome. AB - Studies on the nasal cycle have demonstrated that the autonomic tone to the nose is asymmetrical and oscillates in a regular cycle. Autonomic tone may be regulated from a centre in the hypothalamus and normally there is a balance between he autonomic tone of the right and left halves of the body. However, under stress or with hypothalamic instability this balance may be disrupted and result in the marked autonomic asymmetry seen in migraine or Menier's syndrome. Research on the nasal cycle in conditions where autonomic asymmetry is apparent could change the entire concept of autonomic control. PMID- 7302469 TI - On cystic fibrosis factor (CFF) and its proposed influence on mucociliary function. AB - Cystic fibrosis is a systemic disease where symptoms from the respiratory tract are important. The frequent infections in paranasal sinuses as well as in the lower respiratory tract are related to the occurrence of thick, viscous secretions. Spock et al. (1967) described an abnormal serum factor in patients with cystic fibrosis. This cystic fibrosis factor has been associated with dyskinetic ciliary motion induced by serum and cell culture media from patients with cystic fibrosis. In this study a sensitive method for photoelectric recording of the mucociliary function was used to examine the effect of sera, cell culture media and bronchial lavage fluids from patients with cystic fibrosis. No sign of decreased mucociliary activity was found. Electron microscopy showed morphologically normal cilia. PMID- 7302471 TI - The nasal cycle in swine. AB - The domestic pig exhibits characteristic fluctuations in nasal mucous membrane congestion and decongestion which meet the stipulated criterion for the existence of a nasal cycle. This phenomenon was documented in 6 of the 11 pigs studied. Also, unilateral sympathectomy acutely affects ipsilateral nasal resistance, but this elevated nasal resistance gradually decreases to preoperative values over several weeks. Finally, a new technique using active anterior rhinomanometry has been developed which can be applied to the study of nasal resistance changes in laboratory animals. PMID- 7302473 TI - Comparative study of standard X-ray of the maxillary sinus and sinuscopy in children. AB - Taking advantage of anesthesia for surgical procedures such as tonsillectomy or adenotomy, a sinuscopy of the maxillary sinus was performed in 45 children. A comparison was made between the results of this examination and sinus X-rays (Waters View), taken shortly before. In 66% of all cases the results of both examinations perfectly correlated. For the remaining cases only a slight discrepancy was found. PMID- 7302472 TI - Nasal airway resistance in children. AB - Using anterior rhinomanometry, nasal resistance was measured in 397 Japanese children and students, aged 5 to 17 years. Thereafter the relationship between nasal resistance and age, sex, height and weight was studied. The results are as follows: 1. The nasal resistance of children and students significantly decreases with aging and it reaches almost the same as that of an adult at about 16 years of age. This decrease was confirmed statistically. However, the difference of sex was not significant in any age group. 2. There is no significant correlation among total nasal resistance, height and weight. So, it would be concluded that the growth of the frame-work of the nasal cavity does not follow the same course as that of the height or the weight. 3. Between ages 13 and 14, it seems that the nasal resistance increases slightly. The change in nasal resistance during this period may be attributed to unbalance of the growth between the nasal turbinates and the frame-work of the nasal cavity. PMID- 7302474 TI - Endonasal findings using a fiberoptic telescope in postoperative cases of chronic sinusitis. AB - It is the purpose of this study to investigate the healing process in chronic sinusitis by means of a fiberoptic telescope. The patients were divided into 3 groups, in which various combinations of operative techniques were used. Group 1:53 patients with moderate chronic sinusitis. In this group endonasal ethmoidectomy and endonasal exposure of the sphenoidal sinus were performed. Group 2:73 patients with moderate or severe sinusitis. In this group a Caldwell Luc operation was added to the operations which were used in group I. Group 3:8 patients, in which only endonasal ethmoidectomy was performed. In most cases, the maxillary sinus was cured, but in some of the cases the drainage opening was closed at an early stage. The epithelization of the ethmoidal sinus is mostly completed in about one month after the surgical operation. Adhesions between middle turbinate and lateral wall were seen regularly. Hypertrophic scars were observed in the posterior ethmoid, the ethmoidal roof and the lamina papyracea. We classified the healing process into 4 types. All postoperative infections were treated by antibiotics. Adhesions and scar tissue formations were treated endoscopically. PMID- 7302475 TI - Behaviour on the nasal provocation test in patients affected by conjunctivitis and/or asthma of allergic origin. AB - In the Allergo-Immunological Centre of Rome University we selected 120 patients of both sexes, ranging from 5-65 years of age, affected by asthma and/or conjunctivitis without past or present history of nasal impairment (itching, sneezing, hydrorrhea). As a result of the allergometric tests carried out, the authors divided the samples into three groups: 1) positive reaction to Dermatophagoides Pteronissimus (66.6%); 2) positive reaction to the Graminacee (28.3%); 3) positive reaction to Parietaria officinalis (5.1%). After having undergone the rhinoreomanometric test of nasal provocation, 50% of the patients revealed a positive reaction to the specific allergen, more specifically at 50 PNU/ml 40% of the case were positive, and at 100 PNU/ml 50% were positive. These results are discussed in the light of modern biological knowledge on the mastocytes in normal subjects and in those suffering from allergy. PMID- 7302476 TI - [Radiological signs of transient tachypnoea and its differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The radiological signs of transient tachypnoea are analysed via a study conducted with 9 children suffering from this disturbance of respiratory adaptation. The main signs are reticulonodular structural increases on both sides and extended vessels with unsharp outlines; to a lesser extent, marked small interlobar fissure, signs of an expiratory disturbance of ventilation, and cardiomegaly are seen also. Differentiation against hyaline membranes is easy and delineation against pneumonic and haemorrhagic infiltrations is usually not at all difficult. However, it may be less easy to differentiate between a relatively severe transient tachypnoea and cardiac left decompensation, since the radiological signs resemble each other. Assessment of a chest x-ray film of the newborn should be evaluated in such cases only if the clinical pattern of signs is known, since this is the only way to obtain adequate radiological clarification. PMID- 7302477 TI - [Late sequelae of coronary heart disease: incidence and angiocardiographic identification (author's transl)]. AB - Ventriculography was performed in 154 patients with angiographic evidence of coronary heart disease (high-grade stenosis or total occlusion). Functional disorders or morphologic changes were demonstrated in 81% of cases. However, vascular lesions were often found without evidence of ventricular dysfunction in patients over 50 years of age. In contrast, all patients younger than 40 years of age demonstrated abnormal ventriculograms, even when vascular pathology was limited to a single vessels. PMID- 7302478 TI - [Caroli's syndrom in ultrasound and CT (author's transl)]. AB - Until a few years ago diagnosis of congenital saccular intrahepatic dilatation of bile ducts (Caroli's syndrome) was established intraoperatively or postmortem only. Intravenous cholangiocholecystography and intraoperative cholangiography will often furnish insufficient information. Preoperative diagnosis has become possible for some time now via percutaneous transhepatic and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Basing on a case history it is shown that non invasive diagnosis of Caroli's syndrome has now become possible without the risk of a possible life-threatening cholangitis relapse. This is the merit of new techniques such as sonography and computerized tomography. PMID- 7302479 TI - [Examination of spinal canal by computerized tomography (author's transl)]. AB - CT of the spinal canal as a method of neuroradiological examination has increasingly gained significance. So far, it has been used in addition to conventional Xray of the spine and to myelography; however special indications have been established to make it the method of choice in certain instances. Besides invasive secondary or primary CT myelography, noninvasive CT is applied in tumor diagnosis and traumatology; also in order to demonstrate dysraphic formative anomalies, degenerative changes as well as conditions which obstruct the spinal canal and compress spinal cord and nerve roots. CT has the advantage of better soft- tissue-visualization while the spinal canal is equally well outlined; it has no disadvantages. With even more efficient scanners available, especially primary CT diagnosis of the spine will gain further significance. PMID- 7302480 TI - [Algorithmic fundamentals of computerized tomography and of transverse analogue tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Computerized tomography and transverse analogue tomography are two different approaches to the same goal, namely, transverse tomography. The algorithm is discussed and compared. Transverse tomography appears capable of further development, judging by this comparison. PMID- 7302481 TI - [Contribution to the pathogenesis of "slipped disk" (author's transl)]. AB - The article describes the various types of "slipped disk", such as spondylolisthesis, pseudo-spondylolisthesis and retrolisthesis, and their widely different basic features of anatomic pathology. PMID- 7302482 TI - [Posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicula end (author's transl)]. AB - Posttraumatic osteolysis of bone is rare. Its etiology is unknown. A case of posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle end is reported. Differentialdiagnostical and ethiological relations are discussed. The literature of posttraumatic osteolysis especially of distal clavicle osteolysis is reported. PMID- 7302483 TI - [Early changes in acute pulmonary embolism as seen in the scintigram and on x-ray film (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary embolism is among the most frequent acute pulmonary diseases. Non invasive radiological diagnosis can make use of the x-ray film of the chest and of the various forms of scintigraphy of the lungs. The authors compared the non invasive approaches in 328 patients clinically suspected of acute pulmonary embolism. Compared with computerized ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, evaluation of perfusion scintigraphy shows an "over-diagnostis" of pulmonary embolism by 60% (148) "detected cases" in 92 patients). 16% of all patients with no abnormal findings in their x-ray film had acute pulmonary embolism, in another 17% we found perfusion defects pointing towards embolism, associated with a disturbance of ventilation. To exclude pulmonary embolism, performance of perfusion scintigraphy will suffice; studies of ventilation will be mandatory to establish proof that embolism is present. Indirect roentgenographic signs are not helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis. PMID- 7302484 TI - [Direct coronary and sagittal computerized tomography of the pelvis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302485 TI - [The halfmoon-sign in distal fractures of the humerus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302487 TI - [CT imaging of the femoropopliteal and femorocrural bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302486 TI - [Possible sources of error in the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis via x-ray film (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302488 TI - [Diagnosis of the functioning of an interposed part of the colon substituting part of the oesophagus after oesophageal resection (author's transl)]. AB - In 6 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus, resection of the oesophagus was performed, followed by substitution of part of the oesophagus by part of the colon. The functioning of this interposed part was examined by both magnetic tape recording and conventional fluoroscopy. The following findings and special aspects were noted: 1. Formation of a "pocket" in the area of the upper anastomosis. 2. "Watering-can" phenomenon in case of great length of the interposed part. 3. Pronounced reflux from the stomach to the interposed part in horizontal position of the patient and in head down position. 4. Loss of peristalsis of the interposed part of the colon while preserving the natural sacculation and width of lumen. The findings correlated clearly with the signs and symptoms reported by the patients, such as heartburn, belching and retrosternal pain. Comparison of findings via roentgenography and via fluoroscopy with those determined via magnetic tape recording showed the advantages of the magnetic tape recording in checking on the function of the restored oesophageal tract. PMID- 7302489 TI - [Pleural effusion and azygos lobe (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302490 TI - [Macula and dyschromia]. PMID- 7302491 TI - [Papules]. PMID- 7302492 TI - [Vesicles]. PMID- 7302493 TI - [Cutaneous exulcerations and ulcerations]. PMID- 7302495 TI - [Dermatological semiology of the mucosa]. PMID- 7302497 TI - [Skin of the aged]. PMID- 7302494 TI - [Dermatologic semiology in childhood]. PMID- 7302496 TI - [Peculiarities of dermatologic diagnosis in patients with black skin]. PMID- 7302498 TI - [Cutaneous semiology of hematoderma]. PMID- 7302499 TI - [Semiology of onychopathy]. PMID- 7302500 TI - Possibilities and prospects of metabolic correction or destruction of leukemic cells. PMID- 7302501 TI - Assessment of left ventricular function by echocardiography. PMID- 7302502 TI - Intermittent interatrial dissociation in the left atrial rhythm demonstrated through intracavitary and esophageal recordings. PMID- 7302504 TI - Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Study of the biologic changes consecutive to smoking in normals, in patients with coronary heart disease and in diabetics. AB - The atherogenic action of smoking was studied in 112 male subjects with a mean age of 48.6 years, of whom 40 healthy controls, 40 patients with compensated coronary heart disease and 32 diabetics without ketoacidosis. Sixty-two were chronic smokers consuming 19.4 cigarettes/day and the remaining 50 did not smoke. The investigations performed in all the subjects were: erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit determination, leukocyte absolute and differential counts, coagulation time (Howell), fibrinogen assay, platelet count and aggregability, total lipids, triglycerides, uric acid, creatininemia and blood glucose determinations. In the group of smokers, these investigations were repeated 60 min after the smoking of two cigarettes. Comparison of the results obtained in smokers and non-smokers, as well as before and after smoking, in the latter group, suggests that the influence of smoking upon the serum lipoprotein fractions is of little importance in atherogenesis, while its action upon the coagulation factors and the blood glucose level seems to have a real atherogenic role. PMID- 7302503 TI - Nonparoxysmal AV junctional tachycardia with 2/1 exit block during atrial fibrillation in the absence of digitalis toxicity. The effect of exercise. PMID- 7302505 TI - The treatment of arterial hypertension with acebutolol. Its effect on the urinary catecholamine excretion. PMID- 7302506 TI - Therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of beta-methyldigoxin. PMID- 7302507 TI - Gallbladder lipid composition in cholecystopathies. PMID- 7302508 TI - Evolution of serum lipoproteins in the animal series. PMID- 7302509 TI - [Arthroplasty of the hip using a double cup]. AB - In this double-cup arthroplasty, only the acetabular cup is sealed with cement; the femoral cup is simply implanted into the femoral head and neck. This operation was performed on 67 hips. Complications were limited to one hip dislocation, one break in cemented seal with ossification, one isolated massive ossification, and one fracture of the femoral neck in a case of polyarthritis. In 45 of these cases, follow-up has been continued for at least one year. X-ray signs of injury are frequent and seen in one out of two cases, but are no more frequent than in classical total prothesis and are therefore not alarming. The result of this technique with respect to pain is the same as for total prothesis. Mobility of the hip is maintained and is markedly improved when the hip was stiff prior to the operation. The major indication for this operation is osteoarthritis of the hip in patients 40 to 65 years of age for whom medical treatment is ineffective and where osteotomy cannot be performed. One fundamental point must be underlined: this technique must not jeopardize possible later surgery for total prothesis, and surgical technique must therefore be adapted with this in mind. PMID- 7302510 TI - [Our experience with a short series of tests of the reliability of tomodensitometry without contrast in the diagnosis of lumbar disk hernia]. PMID- 7302511 TI - [Algodystrophia and Lobstein's disease. Apropos of 2 cases. Review of the literature]. PMID- 7302513 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis. Apropos of a case with an ultrastructural study]. PMID- 7302514 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman's syndrome)]. PMID- 7302512 TI - [A rare association: rheumatoid arthritis and the yellow nail syndrome. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 7302515 TI - [Spectrum of serum and tissue lipids in experimental atherosclerosis of mini pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302516 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302518 TI - [Angiitis and granulomatosis similar to Wegener's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302517 TI - [Experience with the long-term rehabilitation of patients with ischaemic disease of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302519 TI - [Testing the immunological activity of cytosol components from human pulmonary carcinoma by high performance gel chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302522 TI - The auditory brainstem response to binaural delayed stimuli in man. AB - The brainstem responses (BER) evoked by binaural clicks (0.1 ms) with interaural time differences (delta t) from 0 to 3.5 ms were studied in 6 normal subjects. The responses analysis was carried out via computer in two different ways: (a) Comparison between binaural BER and templates obtained with the addition of two monaural BERs. (b) Extraction from the binaural BER of the second delayed pattern. The results suggest that an algebraic addition of the responses from the two stimulated sides is the main mechanism of the binaural BER generation. In comparison with the templates, the binaural response shows some differences which are evident at delta t = 0--1.5 ms and are limited in the region of VI and VII waves. Such differences are caused essentially to an amplitude decrease of the second pattern--that is response to the delayed stimulus--mainly at delta t 1.5 ms. However these results do not allow us to say if the phenomenon recorded at the surface is due to central adaptation or to specific mechanism of binaural interaction. PMID- 7302521 TI - Click polarity inversion effects upon the human brainstem auditory evoked potential. AB - Parameters of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) to high-intensity clicks of initial rarefaction (R) and condensation (C) phases differed. The amplitudes of Waves I, II and IV were greater with R clicks, while that of Wave V was greater with C clicks. The peak-latencies of Waves I and VI were shorter with R clicks and those of the remaining components tend to shorten with C clicks. At low stimulus intensities the preserved BAEP components (Waves III, V and VI) did not change noticeably with click phase inversion. PMID- 7302520 TI - Response factors in the choice of reference ear in ABLB. AB - Response patterns and the limits of loudness judgement accuracy were explored in a clinical presentation of the alternate binaural loudness balance (ABLB) procedure, and compared across the two methodological alternatives of using the better or poorer ear as reference ear. It was found: 1) that in the range of judgement uncertainty, responses were strongly influenced by stimulus presentation order; 2) that the magnitude of the range of uncertainty was similar across both methodologies. A suggested clinical procedure which controls for these effects is presented as an Appendix. PMID- 7302525 TI - Health risks following ingestion of mercury and zinc air batteries. AB - This paper reports on a study set up to assess the corrosive behaviour of mercury and zinc air batteries in the gastric juice environment of the stomach. The results show a relatively rapid rate of corrosion for charged mercury batteries. In contrast, the zinc air battery showed no visible corrosion under the same conditions. In view of the toxic dangers from leakage of mercury batteries, it is recommended that steps be taken to ensure that such batteries do not remain in the acidic environment of the stomach, should ingestion occur. PMID- 7302523 TI - Critical masking bands for sensorineural tinnitus. AB - The level of noise required to mask tinnitus was measured in 12 subjects with sensorineural tinnitus; the noise was centred on the estimated pitch of the tinnitus, and the overall level required to just mask the tinnitus was measured for masker bandwidths of 2.5, 10, 20, 30 and 50% of the noise centre-frequency. For four of the tinnitus subjects, masking functions were similar to those observed in normal-hearing subjects with a "simulated" tinnitus (15-dB Sensation Level, 4-kHz pure tone). The other eight tinnitus subjects, however, required masking levels that were either independent of masker bandwidth or showed anomalous changes in masker level as bandwidth was increased. These results suggest that certain masker bandwidths can be more efficient than others for the masking of tinnitus, and that masker characteristics deserve close attention in the design and fitting of tinnitus-masker instruments. PMID- 7302524 TI - Reference values and characteristics of brain stem audiometry in neonates and children. AB - ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response) delivering the acoustic stimulus both through a headphone (PHN) and in free field (FF), have been recorded in 59 "normal" children divided into four age-related groups: (1) 22 children born at a gestational age ranging between the 36th and the 41st week; (2) 12 with ages ranging from 1 to 6 months; (3) 15 with ages ranging from 6 to 12 months; (4) 10 with ages ranging from 12 to 36 months. Peak latency values obtained with FF technique have been corrected by calculating the delay due to the distance between the loudspeaker and the tested ears (2.04 ms). When using this correction, no statistically significant differences were found between latency values of peaks JI and JV recorded using the two technique. While JI latency values of various groups do not differ significantly, groups 2--and especially group 1--JV latency values are statistically different from those of the 3rd and 4th group. This observation was confirmed by JV--JI interval values. JV wave in neonates (group 1), using PHN technique, is detectable at 60 dB p.e. SPL (82%) while in all other groups at 60 dB this wave is clearly detectable in all children (100%). Using FF technique, JV wave is still visible at 60 dB in 78% of the neonates (group 1) and in almost all children of the other groups. Considering ABR waveform, using PHN technique, in the first two groups only three waves are visible and the first one disappears at about 80 dB, while the typical 4--5 waves of normal adult tracings are detectable since 8--12 months of age. FF tracings instead show three peaks in all groups, the first (JI) being less evident when compared with the one obtained using PHN technique. JV amplitude values observed in FF are higher than those obtained delivering the stimulus through the headphone. PMID- 7302527 TI - Auditory magnetic fields from the human cortex. Influence of stimulus intensity. AB - The late averaged magnetic field evoked by contra- and ipsilateral auditory stimulation is recorded by means of a SQUID magnetometer from both hemispheres in four normally hearing, right-handed male adults. The stimuli consist of 1 kHz, 500 ms tone pulses with intensities from 5 to 85 dB HL and averaging is based on 60 sweeps. Stimulating the right ear the averaged magnetic field from the left hemisphere is approx. twice as great as that from the right hemisphere, whereas stimulating the left ear no difference in magnitude is found. The amplitude input output functions are steeply rising near threshold and more shallow at high intensities. The responses from contralateral stimulation are approx. 9 ms earlier than those from ipsilateral stimulation with no interhemispheric difference. PMID- 7302528 TI - Comparison of mechanisms of interaction between protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and human monoclonal IgG, IgA and IgM in relation to the classical FC gamma and the alternative F(ab')2 epsilon protein A interactions. AB - Four purified human monoclonal IgG, IgA and IgM proteins were tested for their inhibitory effect on the binding of protein-A-reactive 125I-IgE and 125I-Fc gamma, respectively, to protein-A-Sepharose. Only IgG myeloma proteins significantly inhibited the binding of 125I-Fc gamma to protein-A-Sepharose, whereas most, but not all, myeloma proteins, irrespective of their immunoglobulin class and with varying efficiency, inhibited the binding of protein-A-reactive 125I-IgE to protein-A-Sepharose. The inhibitory effect of IgG and IgA proteins on the binding of protein-A-reactive 125I-IgE was retained in the respective F(ab')2 fragments, whereas the inhibitory effect of IgG proteins on the binding of 125I Fc gamma to protein-A-Sepharose was exclusively expressed in the Fc gamma fragment. In addition to the classical Fc gamma-protein A interaction, the results indicate the existence of a common and variably expressed protein A reactivity in at least four of five human immunoglobulins. The data suggest that an interaction with protein A cannot be used as a criterion for subclass differentiation of IgA and IgM. PMID- 7302529 TI - Survey of air contaminants from welding. PMID- 7302531 TI - [The current state of curability of Hodgkin's disease]. AB - The introduction of the chemotherapy regimen MOPP in 1964 led to a breakthrough in the treatment of disseminated Hodgkin's disease. 80% of previously untreated patients achieve complete remission which in the majority of cases is durable. However, in view of prolonged survival in an increasing number of patients, more secondary malignancies (acute myelogenous leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) are observed. The problem of how to treat patients who fail to respond to MOPP is still unsolved. Alternating use of two chemotherapy regimens and additional radiotherapy may further diminish the incidence of relapses in patients who have achieved complete remission. Stage II Hodgkin's disease probably should be divided into two substages requiring different treatment. PMID- 7302530 TI - [Lymph node metastases of unknown primary tumors. Sense and nonsense of a complicated search]. AB - Malignant neoplasms are quite frequently (5% in our material) first diagnosed from their metastases. Detecting the site of the primary usually involves a time consuming and costly work-up unpleasant for the patient. In a retrospective analysis of 60 cases of supraclavicular, cervical and axillary lymph node metastases, an attempt is made to establish guidelines for more economical and rational investigation. The most important but often neglected leads are provided by history and physical examination. Routine laboratory and X-ray examinations only rarely contribute to rapid detection of the primary. Histological examination of the excised lymph node is very reliable in suggesting possible primaries. A practical guide is given for the approach to a patient with lymph node metastasis of an unknown primary, based on a limited initial work-up and on the histology of the lymph node. PMID- 7302526 TI - Considerations of the sources of the human brainstem auditory evoked potential on the basis of bilateral asymmetry of its parameters. AB - Possible sources of individual components of the human brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) were previously considered proceeding from the bilateral asymmetry of their parameters, the latter being determined with the centro periaural electrode position. It is proved that such considerations are misleading: with more adequate derivation paradigm, i.e. with extracephalic placement of the reference electrode, the bilateral asymmetry of BAEP parameters has mainly the opposite sign. PMID- 7302532 TI - [Current state of surgery in the treatment of lung metastases]. AB - 64 resections and 51 instances of cryosurgical treatment in 102 patients with pulmonary metastases are reported. Under clearly established conditions, parenchyma-saving resection is often the only curative treatment for pulmonary metastases. Survival rates are 72% after one year and 35% after 5 years. Resection is also indicated after a short interval between the treatment of the primary tumor and onset of lung secondaries. Prognostic factors are histology of the primary tumor and progress of pulmonary metastases, measurable by tumor doubling time and the onset of new secondaries during a given short time interval. Cryosurgery for multiple metastases or local inoperable tumor has a one year survival rate of 48% and a 5-year survival rate of 26%. While systemic therapy will change the role of surgery, its importance will increase as a factor in combined treatment modalities. PMID- 7302534 TI - [Cancer surgery in patients over 80 years old]. AB - Malignant tumors are a frequent problem in gerontologic medicine; moreover, the number of geriatric patients is increasing. Surgical treatment is often proposed for solid tumors, even in patients over 80 years of age. 183 cases observed over the last 15 years in the Digestive and Thoracic Clinics of the University Hospital, Geneva, are reviewed. The affected organs were, in order of frequency, 1. large bowel, 2. breast, 3. stomach, and, more rarely, biliary tract, pancreas, esophagus and liver. Postoperative survival was satisfactory in this series. Analysis by organ shows that, in the case of the large bowel, one-stage resection anastomosis provides the best results. For the breast, the classic procedures under general anesthesia are recommended. For the stomach, resection of the tumor prolongs survival. Postoperative mortality within 30 days is not increased by this type of intervention. Classification of evaluation of operative risk, as proposed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists, corresponds favourably with the postoperative mortality rate. For nearly 60% of our patients the quality of life is the same postoperatively as before. In this group, 78% have a Karnofsky index of 100%. It can therefore be stated that surgery for solid tumors is well tolerated by geriatric patients. PMID- 7302533 TI - [Concentrated radiotherapy of brain metastases]. AB - Presentation of 60 patients with cerebral metastases irradiated with a telecobaltotherapy machine (concentrated high dose treatment) from 1976 to 1979; 47 patients fully completed the treatment: 11 patients had only one part of the concentrated treatment and 36 patients had both parts of the concentrated treatment. Of the 11 patients who received only one part of the concentrated high dose treatment (3 x 650 rads mid-line dose to the whole brain during 3 consecutive days and then, after a rest period of 3 weeks, 12 x 170 rads mid-line dose given in two weeks using classical fractionation, total dose 3990 rads), 9 (81.8%) responded favourably with average survival of 5 months. Of the 36 patients who received both parts of the concentrated high dose treatment, i.e. 3 x 650 rads mid-line dose in 3 consecutive days and then the same treatment repeated 3 weeks later. giving a total dose of 3900 rads, 31 (86.1%) responded favourably with an average survival of 5 months. This type of regimen, using the two-part concentrated high dose treatment ("split course therapy"), not only spectacularly alleviated neurological signs and symptoms but had the added advantage of appreciably reducing the patients' stay in hospital. PMID- 7302535 TI - [Tumor stem cell cultures on agar: 1st results]. AB - Hamburger and Salmon have recently developed an in vitro assay for human tumor stem cells which permits formation of colonies of human solid tumors and lymphomas in soft agar. In 50 patients with solid tumors or lymphomas studied by us, tumor colonies grew from effusions and biopsies in 75% of patients (17 of 21) with histologically or cytologically involved specimens. Lymphoid colony growth was obtained in about 25% of specimens (5 of 19) including malignant lymphomas. Conversely, no colony growth was observed in 10 cases where the biopsies or effusions were histologically or cytologically negative. The effect of various conditioned media on tumor growth in agar was investigated. Colony formation of solid tumors was promoted to an especially marked extent by cell-free malignant effusions. This assay yields satisfactory results in solid tumors and appears useful for investigation of different cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs on the survival of human tumor colony-forming cells. PMID- 7302539 TI - [Mammary cysts and their treatment by puncture]. AB - The authors present a study of 631 breast-cyst punctures. Apart from statistics concerning the occurrence of these cysts, a simple and economical therapy using puncture and subsequent insufflation with air is described. The cysts were diagnosed with the aid of ultrasonics, pneumocystography and cytology. In 90% of the cases complications such as haematomas and infections occurred, and recurrence of the cysts was observed in 7.1% of the patients. Puncture of cysts means that the women do not have to undergo unnecessary operations and subsequent cosmetic corrections. The treatment carries no operative or anaesthetic risks. Intra- and para-cystic carcinoma is easily recognized and patients are not burdened with radiation treatment. PMID- 7302538 TI - [Steroid withdrawal syndrome. A current problem of outpatient medicine]. AB - In contrast to a widespread belief, the authors consider a single measurement of serum cortisol concentration in the early morning to be a reliable and simple outpatient screening method for detecting spontaneous or iatrogenic adrenal insufficiency. In patients on steroids the method allows detection of iatrogenic damage to the adrenals while steroid therapy is still continuing. Important guidelines for the conduct of a planned attempt to withdraw steroids can thus be obtained. Routine use of early morning cortisol measurements has greatly improved clinical knowledge about the multifaceted steroid-withdrawal syndromes (SWS). The symptoms of classical adrenal insufficiency in the form of SWS are described, as are the often atypical signs and symptoms occurring when the disease initially calling for steroid treatment is still active during attempts to lower the therapeutic dose. In addition, attention is drawn to SWS due to psychological causes. PMID- 7302536 TI - [Growth stimulation in a Ewing sarcoma after "macrophage blockade" in athymic (nude) mice]. AB - Inoculation of cell suspensions of a Ewing sarcoma (1.5 to 2.0 x 10(8) viable cells/mouse) into thymus less nude mice bred under conventional conditions gave a 90% take rate after subcutaneous injection and 35% after intraperitoneal. Intraperitoneal take rate is raised to 90% by intraperitoneal pretreatment with India ink. The same pretreatment shortens the tumor doubling time after subcutaneous inoculation. Both events are probably caused by inhibition of macrophages and/or natural killer cells. PMID- 7302541 TI - [Stomach perforation in generalized primary amyloidosis]. AB - Even severe generalized amyloidoses are difficult to diagnose clinically. By way of example the case is reported of a 64-year-old patient hospitalized for severe abdominal pain who died within a few weeks of heart and circulatory failure. The unusual disease picture is dominated by three cardinal symptoms: large, hemorrhagic-bullous lesions of the skin, recurrent ventricular ulcers with perforation and local peritonitis, and progressive heart failure refractory to therapy. Pathologico-anatomically, amyloid deposits were found in all three organs and primary systemic amyloidosis was diagnosed. Stenotic deposits in the blood vessels and extensive involvement of the ventricular wall suggest that the ulcer is a consequence of the primary disease. The cases of amyloidosis found at autopsy at the Institute of Pathology, Zurich, over the last seven years are reviewed. PMID- 7302542 TI - [Preoperative mechanical hemolysis in triple rheumatic valve disease. Apropos of 1 case]. AB - A 25-year-old Senegalese woman with severe multivalvular disease presented with jaundice (unconjugated bilirubin) augmented by exertion without evidence of frank anemia. Following the exclusion of all other causes of hemolysis, the diagnosis of mechanical hemolysis secondary to deformed valves was established. The jaundice and laboratory evidence of hemolysis diminished markedly after placement of (Starr) aortic and mitral valve prostheses and a tricuspid commissurotomy. While chronic hemolysis due to ball or disc valve prostheses is usually clinically insignificant yet often described in the literature, hemolysis complicating non-operated valvulopathies is a rare clinical condition and, in contrast to the case presented, usually less severe than hemolysis following valve prosthesis insertion. PMID- 7302537 TI - [Basis for a specific-active immunotherapy in malignant melanoma]. AB - Since Morton demonstrated in 1968 that malignant melanoma is antigenic, many immunologists have taken an interest in this disease. A basis for specific active immunotherapy has been worked out at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. (USA). A female chimpanzee was hyperimmunized with melanoma cells grown in tissue culture. After appropriate absorptions the xeno-antiserum was tested by indirect immunofluorescence. Apart from unspecific activities in the serum detectable against normal human fetal and adult fibroblasts as well as other non-melanotic human tumors, following further absorptions with these cells a melanoma-specific antigen could be demonstrated on the surfaces of melanoma cells. The melanoma specific tumor-associated antigens were further evaluated by direct and indirect immunoautoradiography. These studies suggest that there are indeed cross-reacting specific tumor-associated antigens on the cell surface of melanoma cells. At DUMC melanoma patients have therefore been hyperimmunized with melanoma cells + BCG. Clinical experience is discussed. PMID- 7302540 TI - [Crural and lumbar plexus neuropathies under anticoagulant treatment]. AB - Thirteen cases of crural or, less often, lumbar plexus neuropathies are reported which were secondary to hematomas in patients under anticoagulant therapy. They are the most frequent peripheral neurological complications of anticoagulant therapy. The clinical symptoms, which often point directly to the diagnosis, are discussed and several additional investigations (conventional X-ray, transverse tomography, EMG, etc.) are presented. The criteria for prognosis and therapeutic problems, in particular the indication for surgical drainage of the hematoma or for neurolysis, are discussed. Finally, the pathogenic mechanisms of these neuropathies are outlined. PMID- 7302543 TI - [Amiodarone and the thyroid gland]. AB - In an estimated 5% of patients, antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone (Cordarone) may have side effects involving thyroid function. These unwanted effects on the thyroid gland can be classified into three entirely different categories. In addition, amiodarone invariably interferes in a characteristic way with the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones at the cellular level. These effects are reviewed. 1. Amiodarone contains 39% of iodine. Since its metabolism involves deiodination to inorganic iodide, classical iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis may occur in patients with nodular goiters containing autonomous follicles. 2. An entirely different form of thyrotoxicosis, resembling Graves' disease, may be induced by amiodarone in individuals with previously normal thyroid. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is unknown. 3. In rare patients of the thyroid gland is unable to cope with pharmacological quantities of iodide, possibly due to genetic anomaly of thyroid metabolism. In these individuals amiodarone may induce hypothyroidism. 4. In contrast to the possible side effects of amiodarone involving the thyroid gland, the drug has an obligate impact on the metabolism of thyroid hormones at the level of the peripheral cells. It inhibits the peripheral conversion of thyroxin to triiodothyronine (T3) and favours the generation of reverse T3, which has no T3 activity. This and other arguments favour the assumption that the effects on the heart observed after prolonged amiodarone treatment are in fact due to selective local hypothyroidism. PMID- 7302544 TI - [Adult Listeria monocytogenes infections. Study of 10 cases and review of the literature]. AB - Ten cases of adult L. monocytogenes infections were observed at the University Medical Center in Lausanne (Switzerland) during a 6 year observation period. There were 2 septicemias and 8 infections of the central nervous system. All the 4 patients with active neoplastic underlying disease died, against only one of those without neoplastic disease (76 years of age). In 5 cases the diagnosis of L. monocytogenes infection of the central nervous system was delayed because of the subacute evolution of meningeal signs or, in the absence of meningeal signs, because of the subacute evolution of neurologic deficits. Furthermore, examination of the cerebrospinal fluid often did not suggest bacterial infection, and the Gram stain showed Gram-positive rods in only one of 8 cases with documented L. monocytogenes central nervous system infection. The only sign common to all patients was fever of less than 39 degrees C. This suggests that L. monocytogenes infection should be carefully considered in every patient with neurological symptoms and fever. PMID- 7302545 TI - [Study of 58 intrathoracic complications in 166 accidental or iatrogenic esophageal injuries]. AB - In 58 patients among 166 cases of esophageal trauma who developed an intrathoracic complication, the cases are studied of 26 esophageal instrumental perforations, 10 vomiting or effort ruptures, 14 ingestions of foreign bodies (observed in a surgical unit), 5 corrosions by acids or alkalis and 3 esophageal injuries after closed chest trauma. Some complications occurred or were recognized after a delay of 1 to 16 days. In 22 cases treated after the second day, 9 patients survived and in 18 cases treated after 4 days, 6 patients nevertheless survived. The outcome is difficult to assess initially but hope must be entertained even in the most severe cases. The discussion focuses on symptoms and signs, modes of clinical presentation and the different types of fistulas (4 intramural, 31 esophago-mediastinal, 15 esophago-pleural, 5 esophago-tracheal, 1 esophago-aortic, 1 esophago-pericardial). Treatment varies with the delay in diagnosis and is often complex. In cases requiring reoperation the mortality is very high. PMID- 7302547 TI - [Plasma exchange in pemphigus vulgaris]. AB - An attempt to treat a patient with pemphigus vulgaris by large volume plasma exchange with intravenous application of high doses of immunoglobulin at the end of each exchange procedure is reported. The therapeutic results--temporary clinical improvement parallel to a significant reduction in the level of circulating antiepithelial autoantibodies--are discussed in comparison with published case reports on plasma exchange in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 7302548 TI - [Immunoglobulin substitution in the treatment of neonatal septicemia]. AB - The therapeutic effect of a polyvalent immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous use was tested in 82 newborns with bacterial infections. 35 of the children had neonatal sepsis, whereas in the other 47 bacteremia was not detectable. Treatment consisted either of antibiotics only or of antibiotics combined wih immunoglobulin SRK on an alternating basis for the first six days. Immunoglobulin substitution was tolerated without complications. In the group of infants with neonatal sepsis, two of 20 (10%) who were substituted with immunoglobulin and four of 15 (26%) who received no immunoglobulin died. Likewise, in the group of patients without detectable bacteremia, two of 21 on immunoglobulin substitution (10%) and four of the 26 who were not substituted (15%) died. The low mortality observed in the present study was attributed to efforts at early diagnosis and conventional early treatment on the one hand, and to immunoglobulin substitution on the other. To detect possible late sequelae of immunoglobulin therapy, particularly in hypogammaglobulinemic premature newborns, clinical and immunological investigations were performed in the septic patient group at the age of one to four years. There were no indications that administration of immunoglobulins during the neonatal period might have had an adverse effect on psychomotor and somatic development or on the immunological maturation of the infants. PMID- 7302551 TI - [Gastric dilatation-gastric torsion complex in the dog: treatment results and recurrence]. PMID- 7302546 TI - [Colonic volvulus]. AB - A study of 62 cases of acute volvulus of the colon occurring in 45 patients is reported. A plan of management is discussed. Thanks to early diagnosis and treatment the mortality rate was improved and compares favourably with data in the literature. PMID- 7302550 TI - [Acute paralysis due to cartilaginous emboli of the spinal cord of the dog. (Clinical and pathological studies)]. PMID- 7302552 TI - [Herpesvirus enteritis in kittens]. PMID- 7302549 TI - [The inadvertent insufflation of oxygen or air into the stomach--an acutely life threatening event]. PMID- 7302553 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of penicillin, ampicillin and spiramycin following parenteral administration in calves]. PMID- 7302554 TI - [Atlanto-axial subluxation in the dog]. PMID- 7302555 TI - [Demonstration of endoparasites in birds of the Basle Zoological Garden. What is the role of wild birds as disease carriers?]. PMID- 7302556 TI - [Tolerance of nitroscanate in dogs]. PMID- 7302557 TI - [Fatal intoxication of 19 heifers with fresh white mustard (Sinapis alba L.)]. PMID- 7302558 TI - The gene frequency of serum albumin variants in Chinese and the electrophoretic characterization of several serum albumin variants. AB - By screening a Chinese population of 1025 unrelated persons in Beijing, three serum albumin variants were discovered, and the gene frequency of serum albumin variants of Chinese is estimated as 0.0015. These albumin variants can be distinguished electrophoretically from each other, and were named tentatively as albumin Hanzhong, albumin Changzhi and albumin LXX respectively. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure has been developed to characterize albumin variants by determining the relative mobilities (Rm) of albumin variants in a tris succinate buffer system. PMID- 7302559 TI - Visual field topography and binocular responses in frog's nucleus isthmi. AB - Visual responses of 125 units have been extracellularly recorded with glass micropipettes from the left nucleus isthmi in the frog Rana nigromaculata, and 101 electrode tip positions marked with cobalt staining to reconstruct a visual field map in the nucleus. 80% of the units recorded show ON-OFF responses to a stationary spot of light and many are directionally selective in response to black or white targets moving through their receptive fields. All the cobalt marked spots are within the nucleus, indicating that the nucleus isthmus proper is a restricted part of the frog visual system. There is a visual field map in the nucleus. The entire contralateral hemifield and the nasal 40 degrees of the ipsilateral hemifield project on the nucleus topographically. A cell-free band inside the nucleus is a boundary line separating the contralateral hemifield from the ipsilateral one. Dorsal to it is the contralateral field representation. The upper visual field projects on the rostral half of the nucleus and the central and medio-ventral portion of its caudal half. The lower field is represented on the dorsal and lateral part of the caudal half. Fifteen binocular units have been found from the nucleus, 13 of which are dominantly activated by the contralateral eye, the other two are almost equally excited by either eye. These binocular units are mainly situated in the medulla of the rostral half of the nucleus isthmus. PMID- 7302560 TI - Atherosclerosis and dissipative structures. AB - The theory of dissipative structure is applied to the study of atherosclerosis. An autocatalytic theoretical model is suggested. The behaviors of the model are in agreement with the facts of experimental atherosclerosis. We predict the high effectiveness of combinative therapy for atherosclerosis with drugs affecting protein metabolism and lipid metabolism. It was verified by animal experimentation. Further possible developments are briefly discussed. This work is the theoretical foundation of the Multi-Risk Factor Intervention trial (MRFIT) which is popularized clinically in its beginning all over the world. PMID- 7302561 TI - Blood lead levels in Finnish preschool children. AB - The blood lead (Pb-B), hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured in 286 Finnish children living in the three largest cities of Finland (n = 172), in rural areas (n = 54) and in a lead smelter area (n = 60). Pb-B was determinated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric micro method. The precision of the method was good, as was the accuracy tested by an international interlaboratory comparison. The mean Pb-B in urban, rural and lead smelter areas varied between 6.0 - 6.7 microgram/100 ml** (range 3 - 17 microgram/100 ml) and there were no significant differences between the residential areas. The mean values of hemoglobin and hematocrit were in the normal range. The Pb - B values in Finnish children studied were low compared with many international studies but at a similar level as in some recent Scandinavian studies. PMID- 7302562 TI - Heavy metals in organisms from the northern Tyrrhenian sea. AB - The concentrations of zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, lead and mercury have been determined in soft tissues of four marine organisms (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk., Nephrops norvegicus L., Mullus barbatus L., Engraulis encrasicolus L.) collected seasonally from the winter of 1976 to the spring of 1980 in various areas of the Tyrrhenian Sea (western Mediterranean). In all four species levels of all metals, except mercury in all areas are alike while mercury levels vary and, furthermore, are higher than in specimens from other areas of the Mediterranean and also from other seas. The possible natural origin of the mercury from cinnabar (HgS) ore as well as the suitability of the four species as bioindicators is discussed. PMID- 7302563 TI - Health risks from volatile halogenated hydrocarbons? PMID- 7302564 TI - Exposure of man to environmental arsenic - an exposure commitment assessment. AB - The Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre (MARC) has been developing and applying the exposure commitment method to the assessment of pollutant transport in the regional and global environment. Exposure commitments give a basis for comparing contributions to exposure from various pathways and for estimating equilibrium concentrations resulting from continuing releases. As an illustration of the method, environmental aspects of arsenic are summarised and relationships are formulated between environmental sources and concentrations of arsenic in the body. Arsenic is present in the environment primarily in inorganic form; however, relatively higher concentrations of arsenic in organic forms occur in fish. Ingestion intake by man is variable, dependent on seafood consumption and also on geography, determining for example the levels which may be present in drinking water. Based on measured absorption and retention of arsenic in man, it is estimated that an ingestion intake rate of arsenic in terrestrial foods of 1 mg y 1 contributes a concentration of arsenic in the body of 0.28 microgram kg-1. The relationship is 0.14 microgram kg-1 per mg y-1 intake of organic arsenic in seafood. The body burden of arsenic is estimated to be about 1 mg from reported tissue measurements and from representative intake estimates. Harmful effects from arsenic in the body could be expected at levels perhaps 5 to 80 times the current background levels. Uncertainties are recognized. Improved estimates of the transfer fractions can be made as additional data are acquired. PMID- 7302565 TI - Ranking animal carcinogens: a proposed regulatory approach. AB - The nature and extent of positive evidence associated with animal carcinogens vary widely, yet present regulatory policy does not permit adequate discrimination among the many carcinogenic substances. Most are treated as if they pose equal potential risk to humans, and this is not consistent with the available data. Without knowledge of carcinogenic mechanisms, the evaluation of responses in intact mammalian surrogates best reflects the potential levels of human risk. An example of a scoring system is proposed by which animal carcinogens are ranked according to the most relevant toxicological evidence derived from animal and genotoxicity studies. Different classes of animal carcinogens could thus be recognized and would permit several regulatory options and provide a means to establish priorities for public and scientific concerns. PMID- 7302566 TI - Chance and consensus in peer review. AB - An experiment in which 150 proposals submitted to the National Science Foundation were evaluated independently by a new set of reviewers indicates that getting a research grant depends to a significant extent on chance. The degree of disagreement within the population of eligible reviewers is such that whether or not a proposal is funded depends in a large proportion of cases upon which reviewers happen to be selected for it. No evidence of systematic bias in the selection of NSF reviewers was found. PMID- 7302568 TI - Regenerating axons reclaim sensory targets from collateral nerve sprouts. AB - There is a critical period for the sprouting of intact low-threshold mechanosensory cutaneous nerves in rats; functional invasion of adjacent denervated skin does not occur in animals older than about 20 days of age, and it is largely confined to denervated skin within the "domain" of the parent dermatome. These nerves can regenerate readily in the adult, however, and such regenerating nerves do not respect domain borders; moreover, they functionally displace endings of intact nerves that earlier had sprouted into denervated skin. PMID- 7302567 TI - Cancer institute's drug program reproved. PMID- 7302569 TI - Development of visual centers in the primate brain depends on binocular competition before birth. PMID- 7302570 TI - Spinal motoneuron recruitment in man: rank deordering with direction but not with speed of voluntary movement. AB - Single motor units in human interosseous muscle are recruited in order from small to large in slow or brisk voluntary abduction of the index finger. When the same muscle acts as a synergist as opposed to a prime mover, about 8 percent of the unit pairs consistently reversed their recruitment order. Motor commands appear to be patterned in terms of movements rather than muscles and to involve different connectivities to the motoneuron pool of a muscle executing movements in different directions. PMID- 7302573 TI - Yellow rain and the cloud of chemical war. PMID- 7302572 TI - Firing between two spike thresholds: implications for oscillating lobster interneurons. AB - An identified interneuron in the lobster commissural ganglia fires spikes only between membrane potential values of -60 and -30 millivolts. The membrane potential of this neuron can also oscillate, and interaction between these two properties has important implications in determining the firing pattern of the neuron itself and the modalities of driving of a distant postsynaptic neuron. PMID- 7302574 TI - Brain opiates in mental illness. PMID- 7302571 TI - The Stroop effect: brain potentials localize the source of interference. PMID- 7302575 TI - Stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization by prolactin in vitamin D-deficient rats. AB - In vitamin D-deficient rats intestinal calcium transport increased significantly 4 hours after an injection of prolactin, reached a maximum after 8 hours, and declined to preinjection levels after 24 hours. Similarly, in vitamin D-deficient rats fed a diet low in calcium or phosphorus prolactin stimulated an increase in serum calcium in both groups and an increase in serum phosphorus in the rats fed the diet low in phosphorus. Thus it appears that prolactin affects organs involved in calcium regulation in a manner that is independent of the vitamin D endocrine system. PMID- 7302577 TI - Biochemical markers. PMID- 7302576 TI - Active ion transport in dog tongue: a possible role in taste. AB - An in vitro preparation of the dorsal epithelium of the dog tongue actively transports ions, producing a transepithelial potential difference characteristic of the ions and their concentration. Hypertonic sodium chloride solutions generally cause increased potentials and short-circuit currents and reduced resistances when placed on the mucosal surface. This hypertonic flux is eliminated by ouabain and is not found in ventral lingual epithelia. When either sodium acetate or tetramethylammonium chloride is substituted for sodium chloride in the mucosal medium, the currents are diminished but their sum at a given concentration approximates that for sodium chloride at the same concentration. This result suggests a current composed of inward sodium ion movement and outward chloride ion movement. Actively regulated potentials and currents, whether generated in the taste buds or in supporting cells, may be important in both normal chemotransduction and in taste responses evoked by currents passing through the tongue. PMID- 7302578 TI - World population growth, soil erosion, and food security. PMID- 7302580 TI - Risk and benefit in environmental law. AB - Judicial review establishes whether the mandate of Congress is observed by an agency's rule-making mechanisms for setting environmental standards or other regulations. Central issues in risk assessment now include whether a risk is significant, what the burden of proof for significance is, how to resolve the tension between the effort to reduce hazardous exposures and the goal of efficient regulation, and precisely how and in what detail the costs of regulation must be measured. Under current regulatory statutes, there are several paradigms for balancing costs and benefits. PMID- 7302579 TI - The world food situation and global grain prospects. AB - The basic realities of the distribution of the world's population, wealth, and agricultural production base are not conducive to an automatic stabilizing process for the world's hungry. Increasing volatility in the world grain production in the 1980's could create a problem of major proportions. By 1990, the developed world will account for 24 percent of the world's population, 85 percent of the world's economic activity, and around 50 percent of the world's grain production and consumption. On a per capita basis, the developed world will consume nearly three times as much grain as the developing countries which account for three-fourths of the world's population. Increased food aid, which is essential, is not the solution to the basic problem. The low-income countries need a massive infusion of capital investment, research support, and education if they are to build infrastructures that have the capacity to produce, distribute, and market food supplies. Other options serve only to prolong and aggravate the current disparities. PMID- 7302582 TI - FDA approves hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 7302581 TI - Reviewers pan Agent Orange study plan. PMID- 7302585 TI - Breast imaging in coronal planes with simultaneous pulse echo and transmission ultrasound. AB - Clear delineation of breast architecture was achieved with compound pulse echo ultrasound imaging in which the images were acquired in the coronal planes used for quantitative transmission ultrasonic computed tomography. Since most connective tissue planes in the breast radiate toward the nipple, compound scans from the sides of the breast record normal interfaces more consistently and reveal greater symmetries in normal portions of relatively full breasts than do conventional scans in sagittal or transverse planes. Simultaneous acquisition of the pulse echo images and images representing the local ultrasound attenuation coefficient and speed of ultrasound suggested complementary role for reflection and through-transmission images in breast cancer detection. The high quality of pulse echo images in coronal planes provides the potential for more complete pulse echo diagnosis and the basis for spatial correlation of lesions viewed in pulse echo and ultrasonic computed tomograms. These observations may permit routine ultrasonic computed tomography of the breast in the clinical setting. PMID- 7302584 TI - Plasmid-assisted molecular breeding: new technique for enhanced biodegradation of persistent toxic chemicals. AB - The persistence of synthetic herbicides such as 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and its release in massive amounts as a herbicide (Agent Orange) have created toxicological problems in many countries. In nature, 2,4,5-T is slowly degraded by cooxidation and is not utilized as a sole source of carbon and energy. The technique of plasmid-assisted molecular breeding has led to the development of bacterial strains capable of totally degrading 2,4,5-T by using it as their sole source of carbon at high concentrations (greater than 1 mg/ml). Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography reveal various intermediates during growth of the culture with 2,4,5-T. PMID- 7302583 TI - Regulation of leucine metabolism in man: a stable isotope study. AB - Leucine catabolism is regulated by either of the first two degradative steps: (reversible) transamination to the keto acid or subsequent decarboxylation. A method is described to measure rates of leucine transamination, reamination, and keto acid oxidation. The method is applied directly to humans by infusing the nonradioactive tracer, L-[15N,1-13C]leucine. Leucine transamination was found to be operating several times faster than the keto acid decarboxylation and to be of equal magnitude in adult human males under two different dietary conditions, postabsorptive and fed. These results indicate that decarboxylation, not transamination, is the rate-limiting step in normal human leucine metabolism. PMID- 7302586 TI - The hagfish slime gland: a model system for studying the biology of mucus. AB - The hagfish slime gland may provide a model system for studying certain aspects of the biology of mucus. Mucus is obtained in nonhydrated form by electrically stimulating the anesthetized hagfish and the secretions are stirred into ammonium sulfate. Centrifugation and filtration are than used to isolate the two major secretory products, mucous vesicles and threads. Specific advantages of the model and potential applications for research are discussed. PMID- 7302587 TI - Reduction in oocyte number following prenatal exposure to a diet high in galactose. AB - When pregnant rats were fed a 50 percent galactose diet there was a striking reduction in oocyte number in the offspring. The most prominent effects were noted after exposure to galactose during the premeiotic stages of oogenesis. Prenatal exposure to galactose or its metabolites may contribute to the premature ovarian failure characteristic of human galactosemia. PMID- 7302588 TI - Endogenous opiates and stress-induced eating. PMID- 7302589 TI - Determination of nucleotide sequences in DNA. PMID- 7302590 TI - Cline loses two NIH grants. PMID- 7302591 TI - A new wave of antibiotics builds. PMID- 7302592 TI - New heart attack treatment discussed. PMID- 7302593 TI - Intestinal diffusion barrier: unstirred water layer or membrane surface mucous coat? AB - The dimensions of the small intestinal diffusion barrier interposed between luminal nutrients and their membrane receptors were determined from kinetic analysis of substrate hydrolysis by integral surface membrane enzymes. The calculated equivalent thickness of the unstirred water layer was too large to be compatible with the known dimensions of rat intestine. The discrepancy could be reconciled by consideration of the mucous coat overlying the intestinal surface membrane. Integral surface membrane proteins could not be labeled by an iodine 125 probe unless the surface coat was first removed. The mucoprotein surface coat appears to constitute an important diffusion barrier for nutrients seeking their digestive and transport sites on the outer intestinal membrane. PMID- 7302594 TI - Slow-wave sleep: a recovery period after exercise. AB - Sleep recordings were carried out on athletes on four successive nights after completing a 92-kilometer road race. Significant increases in total sleep time and slow-wave sleep were found after this metabolic stress. The results show a definite exercise effect on sleep and support sleep-restoration hypotheses. PMID- 7302595 TI - Retroactive interference in discrimination learning. AB - In stage 1 of this experiment pigeons were trained to discriminate between two levels of noise or two colors by pecking on one of two disks. In stage 2 the discriminative stimuli were not presented, but pecking on the disks was rewarded on a random schedule. The second procedure caused the pigeons to forget the discrimination they had learned. PMID- 7302596 TI - Disappearance of stabilized chromatic gratings. AB - When the image of a stationary, sinusoidal luminance grating is stabilized on the retina of a human subject, he becomes unable to detect this stimulus at contrasts that are readily visible in normal, unstabilized vision. At much higher contrasts, such stabilized gratings can still be seen over most of the normal range of spatial frequencies, although the threshold contrast may be increased by as much as 20 or 30 times. When the analogous experiment is performed with an isoluminance chromatic grating, however, there is no contrast that can restore the visibility of the stabilized grating; the threshold elevations for stabilized chromatic gratings are too great to measure. Saturated red/green gratings fade out and disappear at 100 percent contrast (even where this is 45 times the unstabilized threshold), and they do not reappear as long as stabilization is maintained. Without some kind of temporal variation of the proximal stimulus, the opponent-color pathways apparently do not respond to spatial patterns. PMID- 7302597 TI - Bullseye sign in scrotal imaging. PMID- 7302599 TI - Low thyroid uptake of radioiodine. PMID- 7302598 TI - Lucent scrotal contents. PMID- 7302600 TI - Cold nodule--thyroid scan. PMID- 7302601 TI - Nonvisualization of the femoral head in 99mTc-sulfur colloid medullary osteoscintigraphy. PMID- 7302602 TI - Developmental pharmacology of the methylxanthines. Introduction. PMID- 7302604 TI - The disposition of caffeine during and after pregnancy. PMID- 7302603 TI - Caffeine ingestion during pregnancy: in utero exposure and possible effects. AB - The vast majority of fetuses are exposed to one or more of the methylxanthines, primarily caffeine, often at frequent intervals, during gestation. Caffeine has a multitude of pharmacologic actions and its effects must be determined on the fetus and newborn in the immediate future for suggestive evidence links caffeine with such fetal and newborn pathology as pre- and postmaturity and intrauterine growth retardation. Since both caffeine and theophylline have markedly prolonged and variable half-lives especially in the premature infant, the possibility of prolonged effects from these drugs cannot be dismissed. PMID- 7302605 TI - Conversion of theophylline to caffeine by the human fetus. AB - The use of methylxanthine molecules labeled with stable isotopes (15CN and 13C) gives the following results: 1. The biotransformation of theophylline to caffeine by N-7 methylation occurs in premature newborns treated with this methylxanthine. 2. It permits us to differentiate with perfect selectivity the two origins of caffeine: exogenous caffeine coming from breast feeding and endogenous caffeine coming from the infant's metabolism. 3. It allows us to measure the placental transfer of theophylline administered to the mother and to show that the fetus can metabolize this xanthine into caffeine. PMID- 7302606 TI - Efficacy of low-dose theophylline. PMID- 7302607 TI - Relationship of dose and plasma concentrations of caffeine and ventilation in neonatal apnea. PMID- 7302610 TI - Methylxanthines in serum, saliva, and spinal fluid of premature infants. PMID- 7302608 TI - Studies of caffeine and theophylline in the neonate. AB - About 50% of 327 umbilical cord sera from infants born at the Medical Center Hospital of Vermont contained 1.0 microgram/ml or more of caffeine; about 25% contained equivalent concentrations of theophylline. Cord concentrations of caffeine greater than 3.0 micrograms/ml were associated with a significantly increased incidence of birthweights greater than 4 kg and a decrease in the incidence of 1-minute Apgar scores of less than seven. Cord blood caffeine concentrations of 69 infants born in Marburg, West Germany had a mean of 1.6 micrograms/ml, with 64% greater than 1 microgram/ml. Caffeine accumulated in the serum of infants treated with aminophylline for apnea of prematurity, apparently from methylation of theophylline. PMID- 7302609 TI - Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in neonates. AB - Theophylline is a safe, effective drug for the treatment of apnea of prematurity. The pharmacokinetics of theophylline have been studied extensively in preterm neonates. There is some inter-infant variability, but generally, compared to children and adults, prolonged half-life values and low clearance rates have been found: the apparent volume of distribution is larger and protein binding of the drug is decreased. A unique pattern of metabolism involving methylation to caffeine has been identified. Theophylline maintenance dose requirements are much lower in neonates than in children. When therapy is begun, a useful guide is to give a loading dose of 5 mg/kg anhydrous theophylline followed by maintenance doses of 2 mg/kg every 12 hr. In many infants, this will suffice to prevent apnea without producing signs of toxicity. After commencement of therapy, doses must be individualized for each infant on the basis of serum theophylline concentration monitoring and monitoring for apnea. Evidence of theophylline toxicity in neonates may be subtle, and only scanty data are available regarding possible long-term effects of chronic theophylline treatment of neonates. PMID- 7302611 TI - Postnatal development of theophylline metabolism in preterm infants. PMID- 7302613 TI - Regulation of theophylline metabolism by growth hormone. PMID- 7302612 TI - Adverse effects of caffeine and theophylline in the newborn infant. AB - The desirable effects of methylxanthine use in the neonate, appropriately prescribed and monitored, outweigh the importance of adverse effects. This view assumes that pharmacologic manipulation of apnea of prematurity is in itself a desirable goal and clearly superior to treatment of apneic episodes when they occur. While a considerable body of evidence supports this current practice, conclusive documentation awaits long-term follow-up studies. PMID- 7302614 TI - Metabolic effects of methylxanthines. AB - As predicted, methylxanthines influence several metabolic processes and increase the serum concentrations of glucose, FFAs, and catecholamines in adults. Although these increases are significant statistically, they may not be clinically important. Based upon a small number of studies, methylxanthines seem to affect infants in a more complex fashion. In infants, methylxanthines increase metabolic rate, do not increase catecholamine release, and produce variable effects on carbohydrate balance. The serum glucose concentration after methylxanthines likely represents a complex interplay of glycogen stores, types of nutrient administered, rate of nutrient administration, and degree of increased metabolic rate. Carefully controlled prospective studies are needed to determine the possible effects of methylxanthines on growth, carbohydrate balance, FFA release, and salt and water excretion at high and low serum concentrations. In addition, it is necessary to assess the effect on these variables of chronic pre- and postnatal exposure to methylxanthines. PMID- 7302616 TI - The straight back syndrome. PMID- 7302615 TI - Excretion of methylxanthines in human milk. PMID- 7302617 TI - A study of the acetylator phenotype in normal subjects. PMID- 7302618 TI - Treatment of disease without the use of drugs. VI. Treatment of rhinitis by a yogic process of cleaning and rubbing the nasal passage with a rubber catheter. PMID- 7302619 TI - Prevention of mental subnormality in Singapore children. PMID- 7302620 TI - Clinical studies on Chinese multilinguals with dysphasia. PMID- 7302621 TI - Standardised mortality ratios for some selected causes among the main ethnic and Chinese dialect groups in Singapore, 1970. PMID- 7302622 TI - A study of lightning deaths in Singapore. PMID- 7302623 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood a 13 year review from the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur 1967 - 1980. PMID- 7302624 TI - Adenomatoid tumour--a report of two cases. PMID- 7302625 TI - Campylobacter enteritis in Singapore. PMID- 7302626 TI - Physical fitness--definition and assessment. PMID- 7302627 TI - Atypical mycobacterial infections: a clinical study of 92 patients. AB - Between July 1970 and December 1979, 92 patients with atypical mycobacterial infections of the lung were hospitalized 110 times at Blue Ridge Hospital (Charlottesville, Va). These patients comprised less than 3% of all patients hospitalized for active mycobacterial disease. Sixteen had Mycobacterium kansasii or group I disease, three had group II disease (two M scrofulaceum, one M szulgai), 70 had group III disease (68 M avium-intracellulare, two M xenopi), and three had M fortuitum or group IV disease. M kansasii infections comprised 23% of the total during the first five years, but only 6% during the second half of the decade. Clinical and roentgenographic findings were similar to those in patients with tuberculosis. As anticipated, most of the M kansasii organisms were sensitive to antimycobacterial drugs, and these patients generally responded well to chemotherapy. In contrast, most of the group III organisms, including one of the M xenopi, exhibited resistance to several drugs. Despite the high incidence of resistance, 59% of the patients with group III infections who were treated for at least three months in the hospital had sputum cultures converted to negative. PMID- 7302628 TI - Nervous system metastasis from carcinoma of the lung: three unusual cases. AB - Carcinoma of the lung, fairly common in middle aged men, may be silent and have its first manifestation as a metastatic lesion. In 25% to 35% of such cases the metastases are to the nervous system. Management is dependent upon many factors but satisfactory results can be obtained with proper screening. Three cases of nervous system metastases are presented-one occurred in an unusual site; one had an unusual clinical syndrome and one had prolonged latency. PMID- 7302629 TI - Ventilation-perfusion imaging and pulmonary angiography: changing pattern of use. AB - The hospitals and departmental records of the University of Virginia Medical Center from 1976 to 1980 show an increasing frequency of ventilation studies relative to perfusion studies and a decrease in frequency of ventilation perfusion diagnosis of pulmonary embolus. Pulmonary angiograms have increased from one per 68 nuclear studies to one per 14. A review of 70 patients with correlating angiography or autopsy shows that 89% of nuclear studies were accurate. We have revised our interpretation criteria and indications for pulmonary angiography. PMID- 7302630 TI - Arthroscopy and arthrography of the knee: a comparison study. AB - Between 1975 and 1978, over 200 knee arthroscopies were performed at the Emory University Hospitals; the findings were totally correct in 91%. During the same period, arthrograms were performed on 79 different patients, 39 of whom had confirming arthrotomies. The arthrograms were totally correct in 38%. Fifteen totally incorrect arthrograms were reviewed without knowledge of the operative findings; 12 were considered by the radiologist to be technically acceptable for review. Of these, five correlated partially, but none completely, with findings at arthrotomy. We discuss the difficulty in arthrographic reading of lateral meniscus tears, anterior cruciate tears, and osteochondral loose bodies. We conclude that, although arthroscopy and arthrography can be complementary, arthrography must be used only with the best equipment and technic by a motivated, experienced, and enthusiastic radiologist. PMID- 7302631 TI - Use of sugar and povidone-iodine to enhance wound healing: five year's experience. AB - Over a 56-month period (January 1976 to August 1980), we treated 605 patients for wounds, burns, and ulcers with granulated sugar and povidone-iodine. Rapid healing ensued, due to a reduction in bacterial contamination, rapid debridement of eschar, probable nourishment of surface cells, filling of defects with granulation tissue, and covering of granulation tissue with epithelium. The requirements for skin grafting and antibiotics were greatly reduced, as were hospital costs for wound, burn, and ulcer care. PMID- 7302632 TI - Traumatic meniscal lesions in children. AB - Of 475 consecutive meniscectomies evaluated, only nine were in patients 14 years old or younger. These nine cases were studied as to the mechanism of injury to the knee, type of lesion of the meniscus, concomitant lesions of the knee, rehabilitation, and final result. Traumatic lesions of the meniscus in children are rare, the mechanism of injury is varied, longitudinal tears are most common, anterior cruciate lesions were sometimes present, and early rehabilitation is less difficult than in adults, but the final result is compromised. PMID- 7302633 TI - Measuring the renal function of acutely ill patients. PMID- 7302634 TI - Hemodynamic assessment and surgical correction of the kinked internal carotid artery. AB - A fluid-filled oculoplethysmography (OPG) was used to assess carotid artery flow in 50 patients with symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Based on positioned OPG and angiographic studies, 20 patients had angioplastic procedures. At operation, positional electromagnetic flow measurements were obtained to confirm the preoperative noninvasive findings. Electromagnetic flow reductions were identified in 18 patients with positive preoperative positional OPGs. A high correlation between noninvasive testing data and intraoperative flow measurements suggests that positional OPG testing is helpful in identifying hemodynamically significant kinking of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 7302635 TI - Pericardial closure and paradoxic septal motion after surgery. AB - We tested the role of the pericardium in the development of paradoxic septal motion in 29 patients by analyzing M-mode echocardiograms made before and after cardiac surgery. Surgical technic was the same for all patients, but the pericardium was closed by random selection in 12 (40%). Paradoxic septal motion developed in five of the 12 patients (42%) with a sutured pericardium and in 11 of 17 (65%) whose pericardium was not closed (chi-square not significant). Septal motion measured 7.3 +/- 3.3 mm before and -0.6 +/- 4.6 mm after surgery (P less than .001), with a similar degree of impairment for both groups. An echographically derived ejection fraction changed from 71 +/- 9% before to 60 +/- 13% after surgery (P less than .001). We conclude that leaving the pericardium open has no particular role in the development of paradoxic septal motion. Septal motion diminished in all. Changed in the echo ejection fraction could represent an impairment in ventricular function. PMID- 7302636 TI - Solitary nonparasitic hepatic cysts. AB - We reviewed eight cases of nonparasitic solitary hepatic cysts found in two community hospitals during a ten-year period ending in 1978. Diagnostic evaluation consisted primarily of ultrasonography, arteriography, liver scan, and upper gastrointestinal contrast studies. Six symptomatic patients were operated upon and two nonsymptomatic patients were observed. There have been no recurrences or operative deaths in this series. It is concluded that (1) solitary hepatic cysts are not as rare as previously thought; (2) the tools of ultrasonography, arteriography, and liver scan may be expected to increase diagnostic accuracy; and (3) operative therapy must be individualized to both the general condition of the patient and the location of the cyst. PMID- 7302637 TI - Treatment of local skin response to imported fire ant sting. AB - The sting of the imported fire ant (IFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis richteri Forel, produces characteristic sterile pustules. Substantial morbidity and occasional mortality from secondary infection of the IFA pustule(s) or anaphylaxis in hypersensitive persons has occurred. IFAs are found in the southeastern and south central United States. The effects of various medical regimens currently used to treat IFA pustules were evaluated clinically and histologically in rabbits. Neither prophylaxis before the sting nor treatment after the sting altered the clinical or pathologic course of the IFA pustule in rabbit skin. PMID- 7302638 TI - Arden grating test in evaluating "early" posterior subcapsular cataracts. AB - Patients with "early" posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataracts often complain of severe visual impairment, despite maintenance of relatively good Snellen acuity. The Arden grating test of contrast sensitivity provides a simple method of evaluating visual function in a manner more nearly approximating the real visual world. This test often reveals profound loss of contrast sensitivity in patients with early PSC cataracts who maintain relatively good acuity (20/40 or better) on Snellen's test. Examination of 122 such eyes revealed wide variations in contrast sensitivity, with Arden scores showing better correlation with subjective complaints than with Snellen acuity levels. While Snellen's test measures only one end of the spatial modulation transfer function (MTF), the Arden test plates provide an overall picture of MTF and help us to better understand the effect of PSC cataracts on visual function. PMID- 7302639 TI - Psychosocial aspects of illness. AB - Medical practice and research today are largely guided by a biomedical model of disease which assumes that disease can be fully accounted for by deviations from the norm of measurable biologic variables. It is suggested that this model has outlived its usefulness. Instead, the biopsychosocial model offers greater understanding of the illness process, and thus has greater utility for the practicing physician. Suggestions are offered for diagnosis and treatment within this biopsychosocial perspective. PMID- 7302641 TI - Review of pregnancy tests. PMID- 7302640 TI - Advice about diet. PMID- 7302642 TI - Unusual manifestations of hypereosinophilia. AB - The hypereosinophilic syndrome is a heterogeneous group of clinical disorders comprising a spectrum of pathologic conditions. We have described a patient with chronic eosinophilia for eight years. His course of progressive organ dysfunction and tissue infiltration by eosinophils, with myelofibrosis, lytic bone lesions, hepatomegaly, and generalized adenopathy are most compatible with a chronic myeloproliferative syndrome. PMID- 7302643 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis: an unusual pulmonary-renal syndrome. AB - A broad range of disorders can manifest themselves as pulmonary-renal syndromes; the etiology and pathophysiology of most of these remain unknown. Although the occurrence of classic hypersensitivity pneumonitis with glomerulonephritis is rare, there is the possibility of at least some commonality of pathologic mechanisms. We present a case of mesangiopathic glomerulonephritis with renal failure complicated by a hypersensitivity-type pneumonitis, both of which were responsive to corticosteroids. The differential diagnostic considerations and alternate explanations for this syndrome are presented, as is the possibility that the renal and pulmonary abnormalities in this case represent a single disorder. PMID- 7302644 TI - Nasotracheal intubation by fiberoptic laryngoscope. AB - We have presented a case in which the fiberoptic laryngoscope was used for nasotracheal intubation, an alternative for the difficult laryngoscopy. We believe regional blocks combined with extensive topical anesthesia aid in the successful use of the fiberoptic laryngoscope for cases of difficult intubation in the practice of oral surgery. We were unable to obtain a complete sensory block with benzocaine or lidocaine spray since the mouth opening was less tha 1 mm. The bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block is a valuable adjunct to the procedure. PMID- 7302645 TI - Fatal complication of hepatic cystic disease. AB - Hepatic cysts are found incidentally and cause few if any symptoms. Simple unroofing of such cysts to provide drainage is adequate therapy when symptoms occur, but such patients must be followed up. Disease progression can result in serious or even life threatening complications, as demonstrated in the case reported here. PMID- 7302646 TI - Amyloid heart disease. AB - We have presented two patients with heart failure due to cardiac amyloidosis. The diagnosis was suspected from the echocardiogram and was confirmed by rectal biopsy. The echocardiogram features, which include thickening of the heart walls and other intracardiac structures, differentiate cardiac amyloidosis from other forms of heart disease. Thus, echocardiography should be helpful in the preliminary evaluation of patients with obscure heart failure and may obviate the necessity for more invasive studies. PMID- 7302647 TI - Sella turcica erosion and transient hypogonadism in the multiple endocrine deficiency syndrome. AB - A 42-year-old man presented with clinical and biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism, hypoadrenalism, and hypogonadism. Initial diagnostic studies suggested intrinsic pituitary disease and were supported by the finding of a roentgenographically abnormal sella turcica. Detailed endocrine evaluation subsequently showed normal pituitary function and primary target organ deficiencies. Adrenal and thyroid hormone replacement resulted in complete resolution of clinical symptoms and abnormalities of gonadal function. Thorough endocrine evaluation is needed in patients with multiple endocrine deficiencies. PMID- 7302649 TI - Myasthenia gravis presenting as laryngeal stridor after exposure to chlorine gas. AB - The patient described had myasthenia gravis manifested by laryngeal stridor after accidental exposure to chlorine gas. The diagnosis was established by correction of abnormal pulmonary function after injection of edrophonium chloride. The patient subsequently had generalized myasthenia gravis. The autoimmune injury causing this disease may have been the chlorine gas exposure, since the temporal relationship is very strong and chlorine is important in the modulation of acetylcholine synthesis. PMID- 7302648 TI - Paragonimus westermani: a cause of cavitary lung disease in an Indochinese refugee. AB - A Laotian immigrant with persistent cough and hemoptysis was found to have multiple small cavities on chest roentgenogram. Ova of the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani were found in the sputum, and the patient responded to bithionol therapy. Pulmonary paragonimiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cavitary lung disease in Indochinese refugees entering the United States. PMID- 7302650 TI - Toxic shock syndrome without rash in a 14-year-old girl. PMID- 7302651 TI - Bilateral simultaneous tubal pregnancy. PMID- 7302652 TI - Urticaria in loxoscelism. PMID- 7302653 TI - [Social hygiene aspects in realizing a demographic policy]. PMID- 7302654 TI - [Development of norms for the demand for pharmaceutical personnel taking specialization into account]. PMID- 7302655 TI - [Improved dispensary care for industrial enterprise workers]. PMID- 7302656 TI - [Methodological aspects of a worker morbidity study at new building sites in Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 7302657 TI - [Effect of an improvement in tumor diagnostic and registration methods on the recorded indices of population malignant neoplasm morbidity]. PMID- 7302658 TI - [Current problems in developing a medical and drug care system for the population]. PMID- 7302659 TI - [Contribution of Russian physicians to the study of Kamchatka and the Far East in the 19th century]. PMID- 7302660 TI - [Experience in using complex goal programs in planning provincial public health development]. PMID- 7302661 TI - [Results of the development of automated management systems in public health and the tasks for the 11th Five-Year Plan in light of the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7302662 TI - [Moral and ethical problems of modern public health]. PMID- 7302663 TI - [Improved work standards for public health workers]. PMID- 7302664 TI - [Sociomedical aspects of population aging]. PMID- 7302665 TI - [Transitional routes to mass dispensary care for the urban population]. PMID- 7302666 TI - [Timeliness of the dispensary observation coverage for chronic patients]. PMID- 7302667 TI - [Medical first aid for the pediatric population in different types of cities]. PMID- 7302668 TI - [Improvement in the official structure in children's homes]. PMID- 7302669 TI - [Urban population referrals for medical first aid because of acute gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 7302670 TI - [Means of improving obstetrical and gynecologic care for industrial enterprise workers]. PMID- 7302671 TI - [Prevention of hypertension among agricultural machinery operators]. PMID- 7302672 TI - [Planning of academic methodological work in a medical institute]. PMID- 7302673 TI - [International cooperation of te USSR in the field of public health today]. PMID- 7302674 TI - [Assessment of the memorials of the history of medicine]. PMID- 7302675 TI - Computed tomography in localization of spinal osteoid osteoma. PMID- 7302676 TI - Spinal cord monitoring of experimental incomplete cervical spinal cord injury: a preliminary report. AB - Incomplete spinal cord injuries occur as a result of contusion and mechanical compression of neural tissue. Anterior spinal cord compression may physiologically prevent optimal recovery of spinal cord function for varying periods of time. The aim of this research was to study an animal model of incomplete cervical cord injury with a spinal cord monitoring system utilizing computer-averaged cortical evoked potentials. Two animal models were utilized: a contusion injury by the weight drop method and an anterior cord compression injury. Results indicate that incomplete cord injuries of both types will recover depending upon the amount of initial force or energy applied and the length of time compression is applied. Thirteen compression and 14 contusion injuries were studied. Cortical evoked potentials measured in seventeen dogs paralleled the degree of cord injury as well as recovery. PMID- 7302677 TI - The shoulder abduction test in the diagnosis of radicular pain in cervical extradural compressive monoradiculopathies. AB - The authors have observed a series of patients with cervical monoradiculopathies due to extradural compressive disease in whom clinical signs included relief of radicular pain with abduction of the shoulder. Of 22 patients requiring myelography for unremitting radicular pain, 15 experienced relief of pain with shoulder abduction. Thirteen patients showing this sign required surgery and all achieved a good result. Two patients were relieved with additional conservative measures. Pain relief obtained with this maneuver seems to occur by decreasing tension on the nerve root. This shoulder abduction relief sign has not been commonly elicited in the past, and the authors wish to bring attention to its value as an indicator of significant cervical extradural radicular compressive disease. PMID- 7302678 TI - Progression of idiopathic scoliosis: an analysis of muscle actions and body weight influences. AB - The tendencies of lateral curves in the spine to increase were analyzed using biomechanical models. The effects of contractions of the trunk muscles and of use of different strategies to support upper body segment weights in upright positions of the trunk were investigated in model spines with five structurally normal initial configurations and 13 different initial configurations of scoliosis. Forces that represented these trunk muscle contractions and body weight applications were applied to the model spines, and the resulting configurational changes were computed. These changes were then examined to see to what extent altered loads on the spine might plausibly explain lateral curve progression tendencies in idiopathic scoliosis. The study findings suggest that if the progression of idiopathic scoliosis results from trunk neuromuscular system malfunctions, the malfunctions are more likely to be in the neural systems that control trunk muscle contractions and body weight support strategies than in the functional capabilities of the muscles themselves. PMID- 7302679 TI - Radiation exposure during scoliosis screening radiography. AB - Screening programs to detect scoliosis in the adolescent population are active in most communities. Two percent of children screened will be referred for treatment or observation. Increasing concern has been voiced regarding the amount of the potential effects of the radiation administered in such screening programs. Radiation dosage was directly measured on 19 children participating in an established school scoliosis screening program, using lithium fluoride thermoluminescence dosimeters. The mean gonadal doses are measured to be 19 mrem in males and estimated at a maximum 95 mrem in females. The mean entrance skin dose was 174 mrem. A lack of uniformity in the radiographic techniques employed by individual technician was identified. The measured doses were within established acceptable limits and are comparable or below the average dose of 100 mrem received annually by the general public from the environment. PMID- 7302680 TI - Estimation of vertebral rotation and the spinal and rib cage deformity in scoliosis by computer tomography. AB - Computer tomography (CT) presents a method of determining longitudinal axis vertebral rotation and vertebral, spinal, and rib case deformity. Different rotation angles, distances, and indexes are defined and discussed. Radiation risks were evaluated and considered exceedingly small when compared to the ordinary spinal anteroposterior radiograph. In a model study the mean difference between actual vertebral rotation and measured rotation was 0.3 degrees if the vertebrae were tilted up to 20 degrees in either the frontal or sagittal plane. This accuracy was lost if the vertebrae were tilted 20 degrees in both the frontal and the sagittal plane. Computer tomography can be used for evaluation of the vertebral rotation in the frontal plane. PMID- 7302681 TI - The derotating effect of the Boston brace: a comparison between computer tomography and a conventional method. PMID- 7302682 TI - Benefits of the Harrington compression system in lumbar and thoracolumbar idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents and adults. AB - Adolescent and adult scoliosis exhibits deformity present in all three planes of orientation, but the principal correcting effect of the Harrington distraction system is in the frontal plan. Sagittal and horizontal deformity was addressed by adding the compression system. Twenty patients were treated with combined apparatus. The mean preoperative frontal curve was 52 degrees, and the mean postoperative curve was 16 degrees. The average preoperative tilt angel was 31 degrees, and the average postoperative angle was 8 degrees. Thoracolumbar kyphosis was reduced, and lumbar lordosis was maintained. The combined apparatus addresses the triplanar curvature more effectively than the single distraction system. PMID- 7302683 TI - Effect of the Harrington compression system on the correction of the rib hump in spinal instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis. AB - To analyze the effect of the Harrington compression system on the rib hump in thoracic idiopathic scoliosis, intraoperative measurements were made on 21 cases during correction with the distraction system and after addition of the compression system. The data show that the compression system makes a major contribution to the correction of total rib deformity in over two-thirds of the patients, and the correction of the rib valley is much more significant than correction of the rib hump. Analysis of postoperative spine roentgenograms seems to indicate that the extent of the rib correction does not correlate with spine derotation as measured by the system of Nash and Moe. The improvement in rib correction achieved by addition of the compression system appears to result from changes centered about the costovertebral joints. PMID- 7302684 TI - The role of scoliosis and pelvic obliquity on functional disability in myelomeningocele. AB - A retrospective analysis of 39 patients with myelomeningocele over age 16 was done to determine the effects of scoliosis and pelvic obliquity on their ambulatory ability and function. Although primarily dependent on neurologic level, prevention of an unbalanced spine and maintenance of ambulatory status also appeared to correlate closely with a curvature less than 40 degrees and a pelvic obliquity less than 25 degrees. All ambulators, regardless of neurologic level, had a pelvic obliquity of 25 degrees or less. Of the 19 ambulators, all but two had curvatures of 40 degrees or less. Ten of the 11 unbalanced sitters had a curvature of 35 degrees or more and a pelvic obliquity greater than 25 degrees. The quality of life style also appeared to correlate well with the severity of scoliosis and pelvic obliquity. Sixteen untreated patients with progressive curvatures prior to age 16 appeared to have insignificant curve progression past age 16. Twelve patients underwent posterior fusion in situ. This procedure alone is not recommended for the treatment of scoliosis associated with myelomeningocele because of the high morbidity. PMID- 7302685 TI - Severe spine deformity in myelodysplasia and sacral agenesis: an aggressive surgical approach. AB - The results of a prospective study of the surgical treatment of paralytic scoliosis and congenital lumbar kyphosis in 19 children with myelodysplasia and one child with sacral agenesis indicate that improved results can be achieved with the use of staged anterior and posterior fusions, more rigid spinal instrumentation, and bank and autogenous bone graft. No wound infections occurred as a result of preoperative treatment of urinary infection and with the use of prophylactic antibiotics. Improved posterior spinal fixation was accomplished with a double square end sacral hook in paralytic scoliosis and pelvic obliquity and with a cable-hook compression system in congenital lumbar kyphosis. Posterior lumbopelvic fusion with cable-hook compression instrumentation gave acceptable results in lumbopelvic kyphosis from complete sacral agenesis. PMID- 7302686 TI - Acute gastric volvulus following Harrington rod instrumentation in a patient with Werdnig-Hoffman disease. PMID- 7302687 TI - Aortic aneurysm complicating spinal fixation with Dwyer's apparatus: report of a case. PMID- 7302688 TI - Chronic osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine due to Salmonella typhi: a case report. AB - A young woman with a 12-year history of symptoms of osteomyelitis of her spine had been treated for unproven tuberculous disease. During an acute flare-up of her symptoms, bacteriologic proof of Salmonella typhi infection was obtained, and the patient was treated with chloramphenicol and amoxycillin. The case illustrates the difficulties involved in making a radiologic diagnosis and the value of obtaining bacteriologic identification of the organism. PMID- 7302689 TI - Integration and teaching styles. PMID- 7302690 TI - Signs of speech: cooperating in deaf education. PMID- 7302691 TI - Daily evaluation in the classroom. PMID- 7302692 TI - Support for the project. PMID- 7302693 TI - Education without understanding? PMID- 7302694 TI - [Neurologic manifestations in acute viral respiratory infections]. PMID- 7302695 TI - [Results of 6 months, therapy of familial hypercholesterolemia (hyperlipoproteinemia type II) with colestipol]. PMID- 7302696 TI - [Early results of treatment of skin carcinoma with radiotherapy administered in 3 sessions]. PMID- 7302697 TI - [Gout, genetic factors and the human leukocyte antigen system]. PMID- 7302698 TI - [A national medical care program for hypertension]. PMID- 7302699 TI - [Cholelithiasis and intestinal obstruction - biliary ileus]. PMID- 7302700 TI - [Familial colonic polyposis. 2 case reports]. PMID- 7302701 TI - [Medicine and sociology]. PMID- 7302702 TI - [Eponyms (terms related to authors' names)]. PMID- 7302703 TI - [Roentgenologic diagnosis of capsular ligament lesions]. PMID- 7302704 TI - [Arthrography of the upper extremity]. PMID- 7302705 TI - [Arthroscopy]. PMID- 7302706 TI - [Requirements of the roentgenologic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract and of the small intestine]. PMID- 7302707 TI - [Minimal requirements in the roentgen diagnosis of the colon]. PMID- 7302708 TI - [Abdominal diagnosis in pediatrics from the child radiologic view]. PMID- 7302709 TI - [Angiographic examinations with the middle format technic]. PMID- 7302710 TI - [New intensifying films in roentgen diagnosis. A clinically oriented evaluation of rare earth films in comparison to conventional films]. PMID- 7302711 TI - Blood pressure levels in children and essential hypertension. PMID- 7302712 TI - Malaria in Cape Town. PMID- 7302713 TI - Myasthenia gravis and glycopyrrolate. PMID- 7302714 TI - Fibre-optic bronchoscopy. Experience at Groote Schuur Hospital. AB - The 4-year experience with flexible fibre-optic bronchoscopy at Groote Schuur Hospital is presented. A total of 809 patients were bronchoscoped, follow-up data on 705 being available. The procedure was performed for a wide variety of indications, suspected malignant disease and tuberculosis being the two most common. The diagnostic rate in these conditions was 74% and 71% respectively. Other indications included the evaluation of diffuse pulmonary lesions, shadows on the chest radiographs in immunocompromised patients, use in the intensive care unit, investigation of haemoptysis with a normal chest radiograph, inspection of the airway, bronchography and clearance of secretions. PMID- 7302716 TI - Direct endoscopic assessment of cleft palate repairs. AB - The value of nasopharyngeal endoscopy in assessing the function of the soft palate in speech is discussed. The apparatus required and the method used are both described in some detail. The view through the endoscope in relation to the normal and abnormal palatal functions is reviewed. PMID- 7302715 TI - The prevalence of hallux valgus in three South African populations. AB - The prevalence of hallux valgus and its relationship to the metatarsal angles have been assessed in females between the ages of 2 and 20 years in three populations: an urban White community, an urban Black community and a rural Black Community. By the age of 10 years the mean hallux angle is significantly greater in the White girls than in girls in the two Black groups. The angle between the first and second metatarsals is greater in the White than in the black children and this difference increases throughout childhood and adolescence. It is suggested that young White girls may be predisposed to the abnormality of hallux valgus by having significantly greater metatarsal angles. PMID- 7302717 TI - The adult sex ratio and human population homeostasis. AB - About 50% of Swedish infants born in 1750 survived to have children themselves, and when they did they produced about 4 babies per family. In 1970 nearly all infants born could be expected to survive to adulthood, and about 2 babies were produced per family. This matching of the fertility rate to the childhood mortality rate could be the result of changes in the adult sex ratio. PMID- 7302719 TI - [The pharmacotherapy of acute ethanol withdrawal]. PMID- 7302718 TI - Chylothorax. A review of the literature and report of 3 cases. PMID- 7302720 TI - The clinical spectrum of hepatic granuloma. AB - Hepatic granulomas diagnosed ante mortem by liver biopsy over a 9-year period at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, were reviewed. A diagnosis was made in 94% of the 116 cases studied. Tuberculosis was found to be the cause in 50% of all cases. In Black patients tuberculosis accounted for 83%. Lymphoma was a major cause in White patients, in whom it accounted for 28%. The clinical, haematological, biochemical and radiological features favouring each diagnostic category are described. The importance of follow-up and in some cases repeat biopsy is stressed. PMID- 7302721 TI - Intramural rupture of the oesophagus. AB - Two cases of intramural rupture of the oesophagus are described. In both cases the diagnosis was made endoscopically and confirmed radiologically. Both patients were successfully managed conservatively but were later found to have disordered oesophageal motility. The clinical presentation of severe retrosternal chest pain followed by haematemesis and then dysphagia is stressed, and the diagnostic features on barium swallow examination and endoscopy are described. It is suggested that the diagnosis should be made on clinical presentation and barium swallow, and that the possible hazards of endoscopy in the acute stage should be avoided. PMID- 7302722 TI - Iron prophylaxis in pregnancy--is it useful? AB - Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is not a common problem among Black patients in the Durban area, and prophylactic iron supplements do not lead to an increase in haemoglobin values. Prophylactic iron therapy should give way to investigation and appropriate treatment of patients with low haemoglobin values. PMID- 7302723 TI - Clinical presentation and diagnosis of hereditary angio-oedema in five families. AB - The clinical features of 16 patients with deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor are described. Severity ranged from no symptoms in 2 young subjects to repeated and severe abdominal pain and angio-oedema. Diagnostic techniques are described and the ease with which the diagnosis can be established is emphasized. A functional assay is required in addition to immunological determination of the protein in order to detect a minority of patients who have ineffective inhibitor. Experience of treatment with tranexamic acid is reviewed and its place in management in relation to androgens is discussed. PMID- 7302724 TI - The rapid progression of a pulmonary tuberculosis disease state. AB - Two radiographs, taken only 28 days apart, vividly illustrate the speed of progression of the tuberculous disease state once the critical multiplication rate of the mycobacteria has been attained. PMID- 7302726 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in children. A report of 3 cases. AB - In a 20-year period at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, only 4 children have been diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although Indians accounted for only 8,2% of paediatric admissions during this period, all 4 children were from this community. The clinical presentation, laboratory findings and renal biopsy features in 3 of these 4 cases are described. The fact that no case of SLE in Black children has been recorded over the past 20 years in one of the largest hospitals for Blacks in southern Africa is emphasized and ethnic differences in prevalence rates of SLE are given. Aspects of current trends in the treatment of SLE are indicated. PMID- 7302725 TI - External ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis. AB - A 16-year-old White girl presented with a foreign-body sensation in her right eye. Seven Oestrus ovis maggots were removed with the aid of a cotton wool-tipped probe. The subsequent history has been quite uneventful. This appears to be the fifth reported case of ophthalmomyiasis externa in southern Africa. PMID- 7302727 TI - Puff adder bite--an unusual cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. A case report. AB - A patient with an unusual cause of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome is presented. The condition was due to puff adder (Bitis aristans) bite. The successful outcome of the case after bilateral carpal tunnel decompression and unilateral fasciotomy of the forearm is described. PMID- 7302729 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of intracranial abnormality in infants. PMID- 7302728 TI - Late detection of cerebral glioma causing seizures in childhood. A case report. AB - Late detection of a cerebral glioma causing convulsions in a 7-year-old girl is reported. Her neurological status was normal but her behaviour deteriorated progressively and her seizures became more frequent and resistant to therapy during the 11/2 years after her first admission to hospital. Computed tomography revealed a zone of low density in the right parietal area which was considered to be due to a cerebrovascular accident affecting the middle cerebral artery. Although it is generally considered that epilepsy beginning in infancy or childhood, even if focal, is only rarely associated with neoplasm, epilepsy which is resistant to treatment and progressive change in a child's behaviour should suggest the possibility of a cerebral neoplasm and further invasive investigations should be performed. PMID- 7302730 TI - The effect of stressful life situations on the healing of duodenal ulceration. AB - Ninety-five duodenal ulcer patients were assessed by a gastro-enterologist as being either difficult or easy healers. Difficult healers were defined as those taking longer than 6 weeks to heal or those who relapsed within 6 months of healing, as assessed by endoscopy. Easy healers were defined as being healed within 6 weeks of treatment and remaining healed. The detailed psychosocial questionnaires compiled for patients were analysed in terms of stressful life situations experienced at the time of treatment. Significantly more stressful life situations occurred in patients with a difficult healing period than in those who experienced easy healing. Of the stressful life situations which were considered the area of family stress appeared most crucial in retarding easy recovery. PMID- 7302731 TI - Pre-operative biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice. A comparison of the percutaneous transhepatic and endoscopic transpapillary routes. AB - Pre-operative biliary drainage may reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with surgery in the patient with obstructive jaundice. It is possible to drain the bile duct via two routes pre-operatively The transhepatic route was used in 12 patients and the papillary route in 8. Only 1 patients died in the postoperative period. Transhepatic drainage was found suitable for routine use in patients with a dilated biliary tree, in particular in those with unresponsive cholangitis. Transpapillary drainage is not suitable for routine use but has a place in short-term drainage in patients with mild jaundice and cholangitis caused by gallstones in the bile duct. PMID- 7302732 TI - Endoscopic removal of sharp foreign objects using an oversleeve. AB - We describe a method for the endoscopic removal of sharp foreign objects from the stomach using a plastic oversleeve. This sleeve allows repeated passage of the endoscope without discomfort and minimizes the risk of the foreign body causing damage to the mucosa or of its being dislodged from the grasping forceps as it is withdrawn. PMID- 7302733 TI - Selecting medical students at MEDUNSA. A preliminary report. AB - Because of the advantages involved, the 1981 intake of M.B. Ch.B I students to MEDUNSA were provisionally selected on the basis of their school record marks and their performance in the Academic Aptitude Test. However, when the latter scores were correlated with the students' matric. results they were found to have poor predictive value as a measure of success in the matriculation examination. PMID- 7302734 TI - Adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Kufs' disease). A sporadic case. AB - A sporadic case of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Kufs' disease) in a 29-year old man is reported. At onset the disease resembled schizophrenia (thought disorder, flat affect, paranoia, hallucinations and inappropriate behaviour), but after the appearance of associated neurological symptoms such as myoclonic jerks, cerebellar ataxia, rigidity and involuntary movements a neurological disorder was suspected. Cortical biopsy established the diagnosis. PMID- 7302735 TI - The dangers of oesophageal intubation in the management of corrosive strictures of the oesophagus. Case reports. AB - Two patients with established corrosive strictures of the oesophagus managed by oesophageal intubation are reported. In both patients intubation of the oesophagus led to serious complications necessitating major oesophageal surgery. PMID- 7302736 TI - The treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 7302737 TI - Oesophagogastrectomy and total gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach. A plea for subdiaphragmatic resection. AB - Carcinoma of the stomach which involves the gastro-oesophageal junction or cardia is usually advanced by the time the diagnosis is made; resection is therefore often only palliative in nature. Resection is usually performed by a thoraco abdominal incision. Unfortunately there is a high risk of anastomotic leakage after a total or subtotal proximal gastrectomy and if this occurs within the chest mortality and morbidity are very high. In this article a plea is made for a purely abdominal approach. PMID- 7302738 TI - Infant care and feeding in an urban black population. AB - Health education programmes aimed at improving infant feeding must be developed from data on current practices and growth. Infants born in Pimville, Soweto, were traced when they were 6 weeks old and again at 6 months and their mothers and child-minders were interviewed. Length of tay in the area, breastfeeding and weaning intention and practice, age standard of education, understanding of Boston growth charts, and infant growth data were investigated. It is suggested that more specific health education programmes need to be developed and that community-based health workers need to be selected and trained to assist and support mothers in learning better feeding practices. PMID- 7302739 TI - The prevalence of intra-uterine growth retardation in patients with positive contraction stress tests. AB - The gestational ages of 66 neonates delivered after positive contraction stress tests (CSTs) were estimated by means of the Dubowitz score. Forty-three (65%) of these infants had birth weights below the 10th percentile according to their gestational age. At the beginning of the study 40% of the infants were found to be growth-retarded, but as experience with antenatal fetal heart rate monitoring increased the CSTs were interpreted more accurately. This led to an increase in the incidence of IUGR in infants born after a positive CST to 82%, a predictive value which means that the test compares favourably with other methods of diagnosing the small-for-dates fetus. PMID- 7302740 TI - Toxoplasmosis as an unusual cause of massive lymph node enlargement. AB - An immunologically competent adult with acquired toxoplasmosis presented with inguinal lymphadenopathy and associated lymphatic and venous obstruction. A diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was made by demonstration the presence of the trophozoite, and response to therapy, while satisfactory, was slow. Recrudescence of lymphadenopathy was associated with a change from reactive lymphadenitis to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. There was a dramatic improvement following local therapy and systemic corticosteroids and chlorambucil. The patient remains well. PMID- 7302741 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria. A case report. AB - A case of acute intermittent porphyria is presented. This case emphasizes the clinical, biochemical and endocrinological changes, and their possible aetiology is discussed. Treatment, especially the use of intravenous haematin, is also described. PMID- 7302742 TI - Hypomagnesaemia-hypocalcaemia syndrome in the postpartum period. A case report. AB - A black woman had amoebic dysentery for 5 days before delivery of her 7th child. The day after delivery at home she was admitted to hospital with puerperal sepsis, vaginal bleeding and dysentery. The patient received gentamicin from the 4th to the 10th day after admission and the diarrhoea continued until the 11th day, when she developed tetany. Investigation revealed hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypokalaemia; urinary magnesium excretion was at the upper limit of the reference range; infusion of parathyroid hormone adenosine monophosphate excretion. Magnesium replacement therapy was instituted and normal serum calcium, magnesium and potassium levels were re-established on this treatment alone. These findings are interpreted as being consistent with magnesium depletion by diarrhoea and gentamicin therapy, resulting in the induction of a functional hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 7302743 TI - Thyroglossal duct carcinoma. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst is reported. The tumour is rare and is usually not suspected pre-operatively, and it is almost invariably only on histological examination that it is diagnosed as malignant. The clinical and pathological features are reviewed and management is discussed. PMID- 7302744 TI - A concept of emergency and ambulatory medicine. PMID- 7302745 TI - A new treatment for psoriasis. PMID- 7302746 TI - A case of mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 7302747 TI - A marker X chromosome associated with nonspecific male mental retardation. The first South African cases. AB - This report describes the first cases of X-linked mental retardation with a marker X chromosome seen in South Africa, and forms part of an ongoing study. The marker was found in 11 affected males and 1 carrier female in 4 families investigated. The demonstration of the marker X chromosome characterized by a fragile site at the long arm (fra(X) (q27) in association with nonspecific X linked mental retardation heralds a new era in cytogenetics. The attention of human geneticists everywhere is focused on various aspects of this fascinating phenomenon. It has now become possible to diagnose an apparently common familial cytogenetic condition with a high risk of recurrence and to identify female carriers; perhaps in time we will be able to provide prenatal diagnosis. Because of the familial involvement through X-linked inheritance the syndrome is believed to be more common than trisomy 21. The nature of the association of mental retardation with the marker X chromosome is unknown, but it could be related to close linkage with abnormal gene(s) or due to faulty transcription of the genes beyond the fragile site. PMID- 7302748 TI - Liver scanning using indium-113m at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. AB - Liver scanning, using the radio-isotope indium-113m (113mIn), can now be routinely performed at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. The dose used is 1 - 4 mCi. Liver scans have been performed on 48 subjects, including 10 healthy individuals, 16 patients with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma, 11 with clinical and laboratory evidence of portal hypertension and 11 with miscellaneous illnesses. Seven representative scans are illustrated. The procedure is easy, and gives a fairly accurate functional estimate of Kupffer cell mass. In hepatoma, the scan may be either larger than or smaller than normal and reflects more accurately the residual function of the Kupffer cells. In cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension, residual Kupffer cell mass is small. Consequently, most of the 113mIn is taken up by the splenic reticuloendothelial system, resulting in a large spleen scan. This technique, although fraught with major limitations, is a useful additional diagnostic tool in the management of chronic liver disease. PMID- 7302749 TI - Choanal atresia and congenital heart disease. AB - The association of congenital heart disease with choanal atresia is described in 6 infants (2 White, 3 Black and 1 Coloured). The literature is reviewed and 46 similar cases are analysed. The combination of choanal atresia and congenital heart abnormality generally carries a poor prognosis. PMID- 7302750 TI - Malakoplakia. A case report and review of the renal manifestations and immunopathology. AB - A case of renal malakoplakia associated with prednisone therapy is reported; clinical recovery had taken place 6 months later, after nephrectomy and cessation of corticosteroid administration. PMID- 7302751 TI - Acute massive hydrothorax--a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis. A case report. PMID- 7302752 TI - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in black children. A report of 4 cases. AB - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in children in rare, and we have therefore described 4 cases in Black children. All had evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection and there were crescents in more than 80% of the glomeruli seen on histological examination. The dominant clinical features were oliguria or anuria in a setting of nephritis or nephrotic syndrome, with a relentless progression to chronic renal failure and death. Quadruple therapy with cyclophosphamide, steroids, heparin and dipyridamole in 3 of the patients was of no lasting benefit and was attended by severe complications. Guidelines to the monitoring of children with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis for the early detection of this uncommon complication are given. PMID- 7302753 TI - Congenital fibre type disproportion. A case report. AB - A case of congenital myopathy (fibre type disproportion) in a 14-year-old White girl is described. She was born a 'floppy baby' and her developmental milestones were delayed. A congenital muscle dystrophy was suspected clinically and a quadriceps biopsy examination revealed congenital fibre type disproportion. PMID- 7302754 TI - Oral prostaglandin E2 in pulmonary atresia. PMID- 7302755 TI - An unusual allergic reaction. PMID- 7302756 TI - An alternative method for providing lateral tilt during labour. PMID- 7302757 TI - Barriers to rehabilitation of the head-injured patient. AB - Most patients who suffer a head injury will recover fully, with or without the assistance of a rehabilitation programme. In those who fail to recover, the magnitude of the injury to the brain or other systems is not usually the cause. Severe cerebral injury causes permanent disability in a small but significant number of people, but lesser injuries may cause disturbances of cognitive and other psychological functions which prevent the head-injured patient's return to his former status far more frequently. The patient's personality and emotional disposition, his socio-economic situation and environmental factors at home and at work all have an important bearing on his eventual rehabilitation. If a patient fails to rehabilitate adequately after head injury, many factors may therefore be found to be responsible. PMID- 7302758 TI - The neurosurgical management of spasticity. AB - Spasticity may be relieved by both non-surgical and surgical treatment. Neurosurgical techniques endeavour to either increase inhibition or to reduce facilitation of anterior horn cell activity. PMID- 7302759 TI - The implications of early detection and pre-school habilitation of the hearing impaired child. With special reference to the Provincial Paedo-audiological Centre, Tygerberg Hospital. AB - The basic handicap of deafness, viz. the lack lf natural communication skills, can be overcome by early detection of the defect and pre-school habilitation. In congenital deafness this dramatically improves the outlook for these children as regards the acquisition of normal speech, education in normal schools and emotional, social and economic integration into society. Planning for this is the responsibility of the Department of Health and Social Welfare and the provincial hospital administration. PMID- 7302760 TI - [New developments in the area of education of the hearing impaired]. AB - Developments for the language- and hearing-impaired include intensive diagnostic and prognostic evaluation by a professional team. Possibilities are presented to the parents and child, with whom the final decision of educational placement rests. Further growth in language and speech education is ascribed to advanced scientific equipment and increasing knowledge, e.g. of the brain. Home units and an after care section also supply increased differentiation. PMID- 7302761 TI - Some recent advances in the management and prevention of blindness and visual disability. AB - Advances in the prevention of blindness and in the treatment of conditions leading to poor vision owe much to the development of advanced instrumentation for diagnosis as well as treatment. Examples of advances are cited in relation to diabetic retinopathy, macular disease, cataract, ocular injuries and microsurgery. PMID- 7302762 TI - [The present situation with regard to the practical handling of the blind in South Africa]. AB - Frankness in explaining the visual handicap helps the individual and his parents in accepting and coping with the impairment. Early reference of the visually handicapped to the relevant schools is important for pre-school guidance and counselling. Special aids and appliances facilitate rehabilitation and adjustment, and training in orientation and mobility skills leads to greater independence. Braille, touch-typing, large print, low-vision aids, closed-circuit TV reading apparatus, cassettes and the Optacon are means of reading and communication. The visually handicapped can take part in ordinary forms of recreation as well as in specially organized sports and entertainment. All visually impaired individuals who may qualify should be encouraged to have themselves registered as blind persons for personal, research and statistical purposes. There are ten special schools for the visually handicapped in South Africa with academically and vocationally directed courses. Tertiary training at standard training centres is possible and special study bursaries as well as bursaries for special aids and appliances are available. Modern electronic aids open up new job possibilities for the visually handicapped and special sheltered workshop are available for the multiple-handicapped visually impaired. PMID- 7302763 TI - The team approach to rheumatoid arthritis. Rehabilitation at the H. F. Verwoerd Hospital, Pretoria. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis, being a progressive destructive disease, is best treated by using a team approach. Besides intensive medical and surgical treatment, a definite programme of physiotherapy and occupational therapy is given. This includes educational lectures, home visits, group exercise therapy and an analysis of situations which may strain the joints. Splints and aids are supplied accordingly. PMID- 7302764 TI - The Child Referral Centre in Pretoria. AB - Two main reasons gave rise to the establishment of the Child Referral Centre (CRC) in Pretoria: (i) the particular post-genetic counselling needs of individuals and families suffering from inherited and congenital disorders; and (ii) the general need of parents to know what facility is available for dealing with a suspected disorder or known handicap of their child - usually at the preschool stage. The CRC has been in operation since 1978 and statistics of the service rendered are provided. A feature of the CRC is the administrative procedure which ensures that referral is successful and effective. PMID- 7302765 TI - Fluoridation and cancer. PMID- 7302766 TI - Long-term efficacy of digitalis in patients with sinus rhythm. PMID- 7302767 TI - Screening for hypothyroidism in south africa. PMID- 7302768 TI - A record for a fatty liver? PMID- 7302769 TI - Malignant gastro-intestinal tumours. The frequency distribution by age, sex, race and site at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, 1974-1978. AB - The observed frequency distribution of 2023 primary malignant gastro-intestinal tumours recorded during the 5-year period 1974-1978 is reported. The two most common sites were stomach (29.6%) and colon and rectum (29.5%), and the third most common was the oesophagus (19.8%). Marked differences in the site of the tumours according to race were found; oesophageal carcinoma was the most frequent lesion in Black patients (62.1%), gastric carcinoma in Coloured patients (44.1%) and colorectal carcinoma in White patients (46.8%). Within the Black group rarely affected sites were the pancreas (5.1%) and colon and rectum (3.5%). PMID- 7302770 TI - Food allergy - a definition. AB - Routine radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) were plotted as the percentage binding to specific RAST allergen discs versus serum IgE levels. Patients with a positive result on testing with food allergen discs were divided into those responding to food allergen discs only and those responding to food and other allergen discs. This division parallels that found in patients infested with Ascaris lumbricoides when a RAST for A. lumbricoides is carried out. It is suggested that the term 'food allergy' be reserved for those patients giving a polyclonal IgE response to ingested food. PMID- 7302771 TI - Medical standards for workers in nuclear installations. AB - South Africa is moving into the nuclear energy age, and most practitioners are probably not aware of the implications in medical practice. The demands upon workers in this area are very strict, and the doctor who may have to examine them must be aware of this. This article is designed to outline the procedures necessary in examining candidates for employment in the nuclear energy industry. PMID- 7302772 TI - Is deja vu a symptom of temporal lobe epilepsy? AB - The definition and conceptualization of the deja vu phenomenon are interpreted in various ways. The common occurrence of deja vu is the general population stresses the need for the development of specific qualitative features which will be valuable in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 7302773 TI - Dantrolene sodium in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia. A case report. AB - The pharmacogenetic syndrome of malignant hyperthermia (MH) in response to general anaesthesia, though rare, is usually fatal when it does occur. A case of anaesthetic-induced MH arising in a 10-year-old girl during intranasal antrostomy and successfully treated with dantrolene sodium (Dantrium; SKF) is described. A treatment protocol for MH is appended. The importance of an awareness on the part of the clinician together with prompt reaction to early tell-tale signs is stressed. PMID- 7302774 TI - Schistosomiasis - collection of urine samples. PMID- 7302775 TI - Something fishy about Mseleni joint disease. PMID- 7302776 TI - Piretanide in the treatment of hypertension. Effects on arterial blood pressure and several blood variables. AB - Piretanide presented in 6 mg sustained-release capsules was administered twice daily for 12 weeks as antihypertensive monotherapy to 16 patients with mild-to moderate hypertension. No steady or monotonic statistically significant decrease in blood pressure occurred during piretanide treatment, and the drug was therefore not found to be an effective antihypertensive agent. Statistically significant falls in serum potassium values were found at the ends of weeks 4 (P less than 0.01) and 8 (P less than 0.01), but these had no clinical importance. Serum magnesium values had decreased significantly (P less than 0.02) by the end of week 12. Mean blood glucose values did not change significantly, but 4 patient developed diabetic hyperglycaemia. PMID- 7302777 TI - Evaluation of lorcainide, a new anti-arrhythmic agent. AB - A new anti-arrhythmic agent, lorcainide, has been compared with lignocaine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lorcainide has been shown to be as effective as lignocaine in suppressing ventricular ectopy. Lorcainide is unusually free of side-effects and has the great advantage over lignocaine of being effective when given orally. PMID- 7302779 TI - Alcohol and memory: facilitation by post-training administration in mice. PMID- 7302778 TI - The multiload intra-uterine contraceptive device. Comparison of 4 different models. AB - A study of conducted in the Outpatients' Gynaecological Department of St Elisabeth's of Groote Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands, to compare the performance of 14 IUCDs, namely the Multiload (ML) Cu 250-standard, the ML Cu 250 short (which has a shortened vertical stem), the ML Cu 250-mini and the ML Cu 375 (which has an increased copper area of 375 mm2). Sound length was the sole method governing insertion: greater than or equal to 7 cm with the ML Cu 250-standard and ML Cu 375, 5-7 cm with the ML Cu 250-short and less than 5 cm with the ML Cu 250-mini. All the ML Cu 250-minis and 10% of the ML Cu 250-shorts were inserted in nulliparous women. Data were recorded and evaluated over a period of 36 months according to the table method Tietze. Performance of the ML Cu 250-standard and the ML Cu 250-short were nearly similar after 3 years of use with a continuation rate of 70,6 and 70,3 and a cumulative pregnancy rate of 1,3 and 1,7 respectively. Results with the ML Cu 250-mini were less successful. The continuation rate after 3 years of use was 60,1 with a cumulative pregnancy rate of 3,1. The expulsion and removal rates because of medical reasons were twice those with the standard model. At 12 months the ML Cu 375 proved to be superior in the prevention of pregnancy compared with the ML Cu 250-standard. PMID- 7302781 TI - Behavioral tolerance to the effects of LSD in the rat. PMID- 7302780 TI - Post-training ethanol improves retention of passive avoidance in mice. PMID- 7302782 TI - Clonidine decreases opiate withdrawal-related anxiety: possible opiate noradrenergic interaction in anxiety and panic. PMID- 7302783 TI - Abnormal microheterogeneity of transferrin--a new maker of alcoholism? PMID- 7302784 TI - Naloxone antagonizes the action of low ethanol concentrations on mouse vas deferens. PMID- 7302785 TI - Antagonism of ethanol induced sleep-time by alpha-msh, MSH/ACTH4-10 and naloxone. PMID- 7302786 TI - Toxic effects of ethanol on the chicken embryo. PMID- 7302787 TI - In vivo administration of phencyclidine inhibits 3H-dopamine accumulation by rat brain striatal slices. PMID- 7302788 TI - Morphine in human biological fluids by electron-capture gas chromatography. PMID- 7302789 TI - Clonidine and naloxone-induced opiate withdrawal: a comparison between clonidine and morphine in man. PMID- 7302790 TI - Assortative mating, family pedigree and alcoholism. PMID- 7302791 TI - Glucocorticoids play an important role in the rapid development of functional tolerance to ethanol. PMID- 7302792 TI - Voluntary ethanol consumption in the rat following peripheral administrations of 3-carboxy-salsolinol. PMID- 7302793 TI - Effects of naloxone on the anticonflict properties of alcohol and chlordiazepoxide. PMID- 7302795 TI - Strain-specific effects of ethanol on open field activity in inbred mice. PMID- 7302794 TI - Genotype dependent responses to ethanol and normorphine on vas deferens of inbred strains of mice. PMID- 7302796 TI - Absence of effect of exogenous estradiol on alcohol consumption in women. PMID- 7302797 TI - Decreased linoleic acid in serum lecithin after ethanol abuse. PMID- 7302798 TI - Effects of ethanol on brain zinc concentrations in mice. PMID- 7302799 TI - Effects of acute ethanol treatment on cholinergic function in rats. PMID- 7302800 TI - Metabolic effects of ethanol in rats as studied with an intra-gastric infusion technique. II. Effects on the liver. PMID- 7302802 TI - Behavioral effects following chronic treatment with clomethiazole, pentobarbital and diazepam in the rat. PMID- 7302801 TI - Metabolic effects of ethanol in rats as studied with an intra-gastric infusion technique. III. Effects on some stress hormones. PMID- 7302803 TI - Use of haemoperfusion with uncoated charcoal in the management of acute intoxications with barbiturate and salicylate. PMID- 7302804 TI - Catecholamine derived compounds in urine and cerebrospinal fluid from alcoholics during and after long-standing intoxication. PMID- 7302805 TI - Salsolinol and methylated salsolinol in urine and cerebrospinal fluid from healthy volunteers. PMID- 7302807 TI - Long term results in patients who survived five or more years after gastric resection for primary carcinoma. AB - A personal series of 82 patients with primary carcinoma of the stomach operated upon between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1973 survived five years, of longer, after the initial resection. Fifty-five patients were observed until the time they died, and 27 patients who are still alive have been observed from eight to 29 years. Many of the patients have lived into their 80's and 90's, with postoperative survival times of more than 20 years. Some of the long survival times followed both extensive operative procedures upon unfavorable lesions and operations upon patients who were in their 70's at the time of operation. A surprise finding as the cause of death was a recurrence of carcinoma in 13 patients, manifesting itself as long as 12 years after the initial operation. In six of the patients, the recurrence was confirmed at a second operation performed by me. The long term results in these patients seem to indicate that, except for the late recurrence of carcinoma, at least one-third of the patients may look forward to a normal life expectancy based upon their age at operation. The surgeon, therefore, should approach potentially curable carcinoma of the stomach with vigor and some optimism, even though the lesion is extensive or the patients are elderly, since a long healthy period of survival may be the reward. PMID- 7302808 TI - Oophorectomy in women with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. AB - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum metastasizes readily to the ovaries, and oophorectomy during operation upon the colon and rectum remains an effective surgical technique for precluding subsequent oophorectomy and, thereby, diminishing the morbidity of carcinoma of the colon and rectum in women. This procedure does not significantly affect the survival rate. Carcinoma of the ovary has become the fourth most common lethal cancer in women. Usually, the tumor is diagnosed after the development of ascites, mass and weight loss. The five year survival rate remains about 30 per cent. The incidence of carcinoma of the ovary in women with carcinoma of the colon and rectum is roughly five times the incidence of carcinoma of the ovary, that would be expected by chance. We believe the aforementioned observations strongly expand and reinforce the original proponents of prophylactic oophorectomy performed upon women with carcinoma of the colon and rectum and that, therefore, oophorectomy should be an integral part of operation upon the colon and rectum in women. PMID- 7302809 TI - Intraoperative pulmonary and systemic arterial monitoring devices in high risk surgical patients. PMID- 7302806 TI - The effect of isoperistaltic jejunal interposition upon gastric emptying. AB - Ten patients with severe postgastrectomy-postvagotomy symptoms, all of whom had the features of vasomotor dumping, underwent gastric emptying studies, using a 300 milliliter meal of 15 per cent dextrose labeled with 99mTc-sulphur colloid. Studies were repeated two to 11 months following remedial operative treatment, using a 12.5 to 15.0 centimeter isoperistaltic jejunal interposition. Preoperatively, all patients had rapid gastric emptying with a typical biphasic pattern. Following isoperistaltic interposition, the rate of gastric emptying was similar to that found in control patients. Gastric emptying reverted to a more normal pattern but, as in the preoperative studies, was best described by a double exponential function, consisting of slow and fast components. Analysis of these particular functions suggests the manner in which isoperistaltic interposition modified the underlying disorder of gastric motility. PMID- 7302810 TI - Subclavian catheterization using the peel away sheath. AB - The placement of percutaneous central venous catheters has become commonplace. Refinement of the technical details of the procedure should be directed toward the goals of increasing safety for the patient and facilitating the accurate positioning of the intravenous catheters. The method described achieves these therapeutic goals and may be used to insert several of the devices which are commercially available. With this method of catheter placement, the Seldinger technique of achieving vascular access is used. A medium bore needle is used to locate the desired vein and to position an intravascular guide wire. Tissue trauma is minimized, and finally, the introducer sheath may be removed prior to dressing placement. We have used the method for the placement of subclavian catheters in 50 patients. Catheter malposition occurred once. No patient had a technical complication of catheter insertion or catheter sepsis. PMID- 7302811 TI - Peritoneal lavage in the evaluation of penetrating abdominal trauma. AB - Peritoneal lavage has become widely accepted in the management of blunt abdominal trauma, but its role has not been clearly established in the evaluation of penetrating abdominal injuries. The interpretation of lavage effluent analysis and the criterion for laparotomy are also unclear. A review of our recent experience and that of other indicates that peritoneal lavage has a significant role in detecting intra-abdominal injury from abdominal stab wounds and penetrating injuries of the lower part of the chest. Peritoneal lavage has a limited role in the evaluation of abdominal gunshot wounds, that is, when penetration of the peritoneum is equivocal. It is of negligible value in the evaluation of penetrating trauma to the back and flank. Quantitation of erythrocytes in the lavage effluent is the most reliable indication of intra abdominal injury, and the level of significance varies according to the mechanism and location of the injury. The usefulness of other analysis of the effluent remains undetermined. PMID- 7302812 TI - The papaverine test for blood flow potential of the profunda femoris artery. AB - In reconstructive surgery of the arteries, the inflow tract is as important as the distal runoff. Since information about the hemodynamic significance of either cannot be obtained from an arteriogram , accurate assessment of flow within the arterial segment to be reconstructed must be obtained by other means. A functional pharmacologic test, consisting of the intra-arterial injection of 30 milligrams of papaverine hydrochloride which, under normal circumstances, can usually induce a 100 per cent increase, or more, in basal blood flow has been used to define theoretic maximum flow capacity by means of a linear quantitative relationships. The test also can unmask any undetected lesions in the inflow tract or technical errors occurring at the time of operations. From the results of this study, it is apparent that the use of a pharmacologic test for flow rate has demonstrated that profundaplasty makes a significant contribution to relieving symptoms of ischemia in the lower limb. This, in turn, brings about the resolution of certain types of tissue necrosis distally and safely improves the quality of life. PMID- 7302813 TI - Experimental evaluation of techniques of gastric partitioning for morbid obesity. AB - Fifty stapled gastric partitions were performed upon dogs using five techniques, three of which used strips of Marlex or Teflon to reinforce the staple line. At autopsy, five weeks after operation, 22 of 50 partitions were intact and 19 of 50 were completely disrupted. Nine of 50 dogs died of leak and peritonitis within three days of operation. The incidence of disruption was not significantly reduced by reinforcing the stapled partitions with Teflon or Marlex, but the incidence of leak and peritonitis which resulted in death was significantly higher with reinforced partitions, P less than or equal to 0.05. Disruption of the staple line appears to begin at the partition opening and proceeds laterally from that point. Distortion of staples was noted in most of the intact partitions, and in several, the staples remained closed but pulled through the full thickness of the anterior gastric wall. Dilation of the partition opening was noted with each technique. It is our impression from the experiments and the reported clinical experience with ever-changing operative techniques that mucosa to-mucosa stapling of the undivided stomach is not a reliable technique for gastric partitioning and that additional measures to ensure the success of this simple technique may lead to other complications. At this point, we do not know of an operative technique for the treatment of morbid obesity which we consider to be both safe and effective enough for us to use. PMID- 7302814 TI - Experimental carotid stenosis due to fibrous intimal hyperplasia. AB - Although fibrous intimal hyperplasia has been reported to be involved in up to one-third of recurrences of carotid restenosis following endarterectomy, little is known of its origin. This prompted us to attempt to produce it experimentally. Fibrous intimal hyperplasia could not be induced in the canine carotid model using simple endarterectomy or endarterectomy with an autogenous vein patch angioplasty. Polytetrafluoroethylene graft angioplasties in the same model produced this lesion readily and usually led to stenosis or occlusion. The experimental and clinical lesion of fibrous intimal hyperplasia of the carotid artery and the lesion of intimal fibrous hyperplasia that occurs when prosthetic arterial grafts are placed into small and medium size arteries appear histologically similar and may be due to a common factor. A review of the factors available in our series, as well as those of others, leads us to believe that the common denominator is hemodynamic in nature. The experimental data showing stenotic fibrous intimal hyperplasia occurring with polytetrafluoroethylene patch angioplasties has been previously reported. These data indicate that polytetrafluoroethylene should cautiously be used for small and medium diameter arterial patch angioplasties. PMID- 7302815 TI - Toe pulse study in ischemic arterial disease of the legs. AB - The toe pulse reappearance time study for ischemic arterial disease of the lower limb is an easy and accurate test which has great usefulness as a rapid screening method. It is well tolerated by the patients with ischemic arterial disease. Results of the test reflect the total blood flow, including that through the collateral vessels. They determine the severity of the occlusive arterial disease of the lower limb but do not determine the specific levels of arterial occlusion. A principle area of usefulness of the test is for patients who cannot exercise, such as those with a painful ulcer, incapacitating claudication and cardiopulmonary disease. PMID- 7302816 TI - Pulmonary function test criteria for operability and pulmonary resection. AB - Pulmonary function criteria for pulmonary resection, other than pneumonectomy, have not been previously described. A series of 500 consecutive pulmonary resections to which specific pulmonary function criteria were applied in determining the amount and the extent of feasible resection of the lung are presented. By application of these criteria, an accurate assessment of the type and extent of pulmonary resection a patient can tolerate without expected mortality can be made. With utilization of these criteria, the operative mortality for segmental resection was 0.2 per cent; for lobectomy, zero per cent, and for pneumonectomy, 4.4 per cent. PMID- 7302817 TI - Surgical treatment of radiation induced injuries of the intestine. AB - In the patient who has received high dose irradiation of the pelvis and abdomen, all abdominopelvic operations should be avoided, unless it is absolutely essential. Persisting obstruction, hemorrhage, intestinal perforation with peritonitis and with abscess and fistula formation are valid indications for surgical intervention. Ninety-three patients have been operated upon for these complications after irradiation. Some anastomotic dehiscence occurred in ten patients. Six operative deaths occurred. Of the 93 patients, 65 were managed by means of complete resection of the involved segment of intestine, followed by restoration of intestinal continuity by means of an end-to-end anastomosis. This is the treatment of choice when the involved area can be safely resected. In the absence of actual intestinal necrosis and when segments of strictured small intestine are adherent deep in the pelvis, and intestinal bypass procedure may represent the treatment of choice. This was accomplished in 20 patients, two of whom eventually required a second operation for resection of the bypassed segment of intestine. PMID- 7302818 TI - Three-way outflow angioaccess. PMID- 7302819 TI - A simplified method of umbilical herniorrhaphy. PMID- 7302820 TI - Unusual optic nerve compression by a flap of dura mater. PMID- 7302821 TI - Vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks: an unusual clinical manifestation of a cervical aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 7302822 TI - Mixed colloid cysts- xanthogranulomas of the third ventricle. PMID- 7302823 TI - Primary cerebral neuroblastoma in an adult man. AB - Survey of the literature reveals 10 cases of cerebral neuroblastoma in adults. An additional case, confirmed by electron microscopy, is reported here. The patient had a voluminous supratentorial calcified intraventricular tumor with clinical signs dating back more than two years. Despite the size and cellular immaturity of the lesion, surgical removal of the tumor was apparently satisfactory on macroscopic grounds. Treatment also included postoperative radiotherapy of the brain and spinal cord. The present case is discussed in light of the scarce data from the literature. PMID- 7302824 TI - Intracranial enterogenous cyst. PMID- 7302825 TI - Experimental hemorrhagic thalamic infarction in the dog. AB - As we have previously reported, a focus of cerebral infarction confined to the anterior half of the thalamus can be produced in the dog by simultaneously occluding four main arteries at the base of the brain. This knowledge was the basis of an investigation of hemorrhagic infarction following recirculation. In the animals after 6- to 12-hour occlusion, a high incidence of hemorrhagic infarction was found following recirculation. In brains autopsied 1 hour after recirculation, hemorrhagic infarction was seen in all of the dogs. The changes in regional cerebral blood flow and in computerized tomographic scans in this hemorrhagic infarction focus were also investigated. PMID- 7302826 TI - Cerebral echinococciasis. PMID- 7302827 TI - Nonoperative treatment of multiple brain abscesses. PMID- 7302828 TI - Glial cysts of the cerebellum. PMID- 7302830 TI - Neurosurgery in Korea from an American perspective. PMID- 7302829 TI - Experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms in rats: VII. Scanning electron microscope study. AB - The luminal surfaces of experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms and the branching sites in the circle of Willis in rats were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Gap formation at the junctions of the endothelial cells was one of the most obvious changes on the endothelial surface of the aneurysms. Many leukocytes were observed adhering to these gaps. Regressive changes of endothelial cells, such as balloonlike protrusions and craterlike depressions, were also found in the aneurysms. At the branching site, where cerebral aneurysms often develop, endothelial cells were disarranged, rounded, and varied in size. A deep groove was also found adjacent to the apex. The role of endothelial cells and leukocytes in the development of cerebral aneurysms is discussed. PMID- 7302832 TI - Delayed traumatic intracerebellar hematoma. PMID- 7302831 TI - Some pitfalls in the diagnosis of pituitary tumours: the importance of carotid angiography. AB - Headache and the radiological finding of an abnormal pituitary fossa are a frequent mode of presentation in patients with pituitary tumours. The case histories and radiological findings of 4 patients who presented with the above features, and in whom the major abnormalities of the pituitary fossa were due mainly to variations in the cavernous portions of the carotid artery, are described. The role of carotid angiography in the investigation of a patient with an abnormal pituitary fossa is stressed. PMID- 7302833 TI - Coffee and tea consumption and breast disease. PMID- 7302834 TI - Open peritoneal drainage as effective treatment of advanced peritonitis. AB - In 13 patients with advanced peritonitis (postoperative suture line breakdown in eight and spontaneous intestinal perforation in five) treatment consisted of widely opening the peritoneal cavity and exposing the contaminated viscera. Eight of the patients underwent diverting enterostomy, and the remaining five underwent an additional drainage procedure to evacuate a residual collection. Clinical improvements were observed in all except one who died without favorable response. Some of the clinical manifestations indicative of organ failures subsided in nine of the ten patients. In five patients peritonitis subsided completely, whereas in another seven it was localized, leaving a fistula; in five of them reoperative closure of the abdominal wall and fistula was performed with one operative death. One patient developed a new enteric fistula from the previous anastomotic site that had been exposed after opening the abdominal wall. There was no intestinal obstruction or inreducible bowel pretrusion during the course of treatment. It was concluded that the open peritoneal drainage procedure, combined, if necessary, with diverting enterostomy, should be considered for advanced peritonitis causing grave systemic complications. PMID- 7302835 TI - Renal perfusion during complex aortic reconstruction: use of a radial-renal artery shunt. AB - Use a simple, expedient external shunt between the radial and renal arteries is described in two patients undergoing operation for abdominal aortic aneurysms involving the renal arteries. Such a shunt aided in preservation of postoperative renal function by allowing direct perfusion of the kidney during interruption of renal blood flow. Production of urine by the perfused kidney during clamping documented continued function during the period of renal artery occlusion. Other methods of renal protection during complex aortic reconstructions are discussed. Continuous perfusion of the kidney by means of such a shunt may be especially useful when a prolonged ischemic interval is anticipated, particularly if this involves a solitary kidney or a kidney with already diminished function preoperatively. Use of a larger cannula inserted into the brachial or axillary artery appears to be equally safe and simple and improves flow rates. PMID- 7302836 TI - Cervical vertebral angioplasty for brain stem ischemia. AB - Fifty-eight patients underwent unilateral vertebral arterial reconstructions over a 16-year period. Thirty-four underwent carotid operations as well. The first 18 patients underwent vertebral arterial reconstructions in conjunction with carotid endarterectomy as mandated in the Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion as a Cause of Stoke. The next 40 underwent vertebral procedures for either brain stem symptoms alone, or for combined cerebral cortical and stem symptoms for specific indications after flow-obstructing carotid lesions had been corrected, but symptoms failed to subside. The surgical procedure consisted of subclavian vertebral angioplasty except in one patient who underwent a subclavian distal vertebral bypass graft to the level of the second cervical vertebral body. Syncopal episodes occurred as a major symptom in 16 and was controlled by either carotid and vertebral or vertebral artery operation alone except in four who also required cardiac pacemakers and one who needed correction of aortic stenosis. The long-term follow-up reveals that the stroke rate per average year for the first 14 years of follow-up was 1.2% per patient year with only five strokes having occurred in 410 patient years of follow-up and 70% of the patients having sustained no new neurologic episodes at the fourteenth year. Survival, however, was 45% at the fourteenth year with most deaths caused by myocardial infarction. The surgical procedure of vertebral angioplasty is indicated when bilateral vertebral arterial flow-obstructing lesions are found in patients with brain stem ischemia including drop attacks and syncopal episodes if flow-obstructing carotid lesions have been corrected and symptoms persist. The surgical procedure can be performed with a high degree of safety. The differential diagnosis of drop attacks and syncope in this age group should include, in addition to vertebrobasilar arterial insufficiency, transient cardiac arrhythmias, aortic stenosis, and convulsive disorders. PMID- 7302837 TI - Microvascular surgery and diseased vessels. AB - Hardly any data exist concerning the effects of arterial vessel disease on the results of microvascular surgery. As the scope of microvascular surgery expands, diseased vessels will surely be encountered more frequently. Therefore an experiment was performed in rabbits who were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet for 3 months. Then an anastomosis was made in both carotid and femoral arteries (total of 65 arteries) with microsurgical techniques. The diet was continued until the animals were killed at fixed times from 1 day to 4 months. The overall patency rate at the time of death was 91.8%. At the time of the operation two situations were present: hypercholesterolemia without any macroscopic changes and hypercholesterolemia with evident macroscopic atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerotic lesions in these small arteries present technical surgical difficulties, and direct results will depend on the skill and experience of the surgeon. Hypercholesterolemia without any macroscopic changes, in combination with the trauma of the operation, will lead to an accelerated formation of atherosclerotic changes. Lesions already present will progress in size. Both events lead to narrowing of the lumen at a later stage. PMID- 7302838 TI - Ileofemoral thromboendarterectomy through retroperitoneal approach. AB - Seven years' experience with retroperitoneal thromboendarterectomy for ileofemoral obstruction has been reviewed. Eighty-five limbs in 75 patients were operated upon. Thirty-four limbs received simultaneous femoropopliteal bypass graft. Operative mortality (3.5%) and morbidity rates were low. The average postoperative hospital stay was 11 days. Only four ileofemoral segments thrombosed for cumulative 1-month and 5-year patency rates of 98.8% and 93.8%, respectively. In addition two femoropopliteal grafts became occluded, leaving, however, the proximal reconstructions patent. The safety, effectiveness, and smooth postoperative course of this operation in both good risk and poor risk patients suggest that it is a most satisfactory alternative to other reconstructive procedures. It is well suited for the treatment of both unilateral and-as a staged operation-bilateral ileofemoral occlusions, and it can ideally be combined with a femoropopliteal bypass. Advantages compared to conventional transabdominal operations and extra-anatomic bypass grafts are discussed. PMID- 7302840 TI - Intraoperative assessment of the hemodynamic significance of iliac and profunda femoris artery stenosis. AB - The hemodynamic significance of stenosis was defined by intraoperative measurement of pressure and flow across 22 profunda femoris and 44 iliac artery segments. Measurements were taken at rest and during papaverine-induced vasodilation, and the mean pressure gradient across the arterial segment at double resting flow was calculated. Profunda femoris artery mean pressure gradients at resting flow were less than or equal to 3 mm Hg for stenoses up to and including 75%. The mean pressure gradient at double resting flow increased significantly in profunda femoris arteries with greater than 60% stenosis and was greater than 10 mm Hg in 7 of 10- profunda femoris arteries with 60% to 70% stenosis. Resting mean iliac artery pressure gradients were less than 10 mm Hg in 38 of 39 arteries with less than 90% stenosis and less than 5 mm Hg in 35 of 39. The mean iliac artery pressure gradient at double resting blood flow exceeded 10 mm Hg in 11 of 12 arteries with greater than 70% stenosis and was greater than 8 mm Hg in all 12. Four of 19 iliac arteries in the range of 20% to 65% stenosis as measured by arteriography had pressure gradients at double resting flow greater than 10 mm Hg. These results indicate that the hemodynamic significance of profunda femoris artery stenosis can be determined by intraoperative measurement of mean pressure gradients at double resting blood flow. Mean iliac artery pressure gradients at double resting blood flow may be useful for estimating the hemodynamic significance of iliac stenosis in situations where angiographic findings show mild-to-moderate iliac stenosis. PMID- 7302839 TI - Immediate traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst formation in children. PMID- 7302841 TI - Composite grafts utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene-autogenous tissue for lower extremity arterial reconstructions. PMID- 7302842 TI - Activated clotting time monitoring of intraoperative heparinization: our experience and comparison of two techniques. AB - The activated clotting time (ACT) has been used clinically for 41/2 years to monitor the adequacy of intraoperative heparinization in both cardiopulmonary bypass (CPBP) and peripheral vascular surgery (PVS) patients. Since January, 1976, we have operated on 440 PVS patients in our institutions, of whom 255 had intraoperative monitoring of heparinization by means of the ACT test; an additional 185 patients received heparin according to an empiric protocol. An automated machine for determining the ACT (Hemochron) had been used on the last 28 patients in the ACT group. We conclude that: (1) the ACT is an acurate method of monitoring anticoagulation during PVS, (2) the Hemochron is a simple and effective machine to perform the ACT, (3) values obtained by the Hemochron generally exceed those of the ACT done by hand by approximately 20 seconds at lower levels of heparin and are equal at higher levels of heparin, (4) supplemental heparin was required in 22% of our patients to maintain their ACT values at twice control values, (5) the response to heparin is twofold: an initial sensitivity or resistance followed by an independent and variable rate of consumption, and (6) the ACT is a useful method for predicting inadequate heparin reversal or heparin rebound at the conclusion of the operation. PMID- 7302843 TI - Surgical technique of hemipelvectomy in the lateral position. AB - Hemipelvectomy is most frequently indicated for sarcoma of the upper thigh, hip, or pelvis. With the patient in the lateral position the incision is made through the anterior abdominal wall, and the iliac vessels are dissected free and divided just distal to the aortic bifurcation. The multiple visceral branches of the internal iliac vessels are divided and ligated to expose the sacral nerve roots deep within the pelvis. The posterior skin flap is dissected free and the gluteus maximus muscle severed from its origin on the sacrum. Back muscles are detached from the wing of the ilium and the psoas muscle with accompanying obturator and femoral nerves is divided. The pelvis begins to open as the symphysis pubis is divided. Next the sacral nerve roots are divided and anterior capsule of the sacroiliac joint. The muscles and ligaments of the pelvic floor are severed including the urogenital diaphragm, levator ani muscle, sacrotuberous ligament, and sacrospinalis ligament. The specimen is released by severing the sacroiliac joint posteriorly. The operative defect is closed by suturing gluteal fascia to inguinal ligament over suction drains. PMID- 7302844 TI - Rupture of isolated atherosclerotic aneurysm of lateral femoral circumflex artery. PMID- 7302845 TI - Newer adjunctive treatments for peritonitis. PMID- 7302846 TI - Alice through the looking glass-anesthesiology for the surgeon. PMID- 7302848 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 7302847 TI - Anastomotic hyperplasia. PMID- 7302849 TI - [Changes in the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes of patients with hemolytic anemia after surgery and general anesthesia]. PMID- 7302850 TI - [Colony-forming ability of stromal bone marrow precursor cells in patients with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7302851 TI - [Effect of blood sera from patients with various hematologic diseases on growth of human bone marrow fibroblasts]. PMID- 7302852 TI - [Postradiation recovery of human bone marrow and changes in the morphology of the pool of undifferentiated cells]. PMID- 7302853 TI - [Clinical significance of selective deficiency of IgA]. PMID- 7302854 TI - [Distribution of HLA antigens in patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 7302855 TI - [Lymphocyte transfusion--a new method of immunotherapy of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7302856 TI - [2 cases of hapten agranulocytosis]. PMID- 7302857 TI - [Combined radio- and chemotherapy of patients with stage I-II lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7302858 TI - [Hospital infection in hematological hospital]. PMID- 7302860 TI - [Acute myelofibrosis and other acute and subacute variants of myelofibrosis]. PMID- 7302859 TI - [Current model of hemopoiesis and possible targets of hemoblastosis]. PMID- 7302861 TI - [Use of patient isolation, nonabsorbable antibiotics and intravenous administration of gentamycin for prevention of infectious complications in hemoblastoses during cytostatic therapy]. PMID- 7302862 TI - [Certain biochemical parameters of blood serum in patients with liver metastases of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7302863 TI - [Thromboresistance of vascular wall, atherogenesis, and humoral factors of thrombogenesis]. PMID- 7302864 TI - [Streptodecase--a new Soviet thrombolytic long-acting agent]. PMID- 7302865 TI - [Certain aspects of therapy and prevention of joint involvement in hemophilia]. PMID- 7302866 TI - [Hemostasis disorders and their treatment in patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases]. PMID- 7302867 TI - [Simulation of hemorrhagic disorders in hysteria (nosological specificity of Munchausen syndrome)]. PMID- 7302869 TI - Comments to the United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Separation of Powers. A bill to provide that human life shall be deemed to exist from conception. PMID- 7302868 TI - [Clinical manifestations, immunological characteristics and therapy of autoimmune hemolytic anemia with antibodies against erythrokaryocyte antigens associated with benign thymoma]. PMID- 7302870 TI - Polydactyly and polysyndactyly induced by prenatal exposure to ethanol. PMID- 7302871 TI - Amelioration of teratogenesis. I. Modification of hydroxyurea-induced teratogenesis by the antioxidant propyl gallate. AB - Hydroxyurea (HU) is a potent teratogen which caused 100% embryotoxic effects in New Zealand white rabbits when injected sc on gestational day 12. These included a high percentage of resorptions and severe craniofacial, trunk and limb deformities of all survivors. Co-treatment of pregnant animals with the phenolic antioxidant propyl gallate (PG) resulted in amelioration of the embryotoxicity. Various amounts of PG (362-906 mg/kg) and HU (600-750 mg/kg) were eigher injected simultaneously or mixed together for periods of time up to 45 min. The extent of amelioration was dependent upon the amount of PG, although the highest dose of PG caused maternal toxicity. Simultaneous injections of HU and PG were not as efficacious as mixture of the two chemicals prior to injection. The length of time which the HU and PG mixture was allowed to stand prior to injection had no effect on the extent of amelioration. The protective action of PG resulted in significant linear reductions in both resorptions and specific malformations with increasing doses of PG. Histologic analysis of HU and HU-PG embryos disclosed that HU produced rapid cell death in the mesenchymal compartment of the embryo, particularly in the limb-buds, beginning at 2 h after treatment. Cell debris increased in amount until 8 h and remained extensive at 16 h. In contrast, HU-PG delayed the onset for cell death until 8 h. Nevertheless, at 16 h, the amount of cell debris in the limb-buds was appreciable. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of HU-PG solution revealed no breakdown products or intermediate compounds suggesting that HU and PG do not react chemically. The presence of HU within both HU and HU-PG treated embryos was confirmed by TLC of embryonic sonicants. In contrast, TLC of embryonic extracts revealed PG only in HU-PG embryos. Light microscopy of other embryos from those same litters demonstrated extensive cell debris in the HU embryos but not in HU-PG embryos. It is suggested that the delay in onset of HU cytotoxicity is caused by the antioxidant properties of PG acting within the embryos, and that this may account for the amelioration of HU teratogenesis by PG. PMID- 7302872 TI - Correlation between alterations in Meckel's cartilage and induction of cleft palate with beta-aminoproprionitrile in the rat. AB - The lathyrogen beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) induces cleft palate in rats when administered at a critical time in secondary palate formation. BAPN is known to inhibit the crosslinking of newly synthesized collagen, but its primary site of action in producing cleft palate is unknown. In this study time-mated Sprague Dawley rats were given a single oral dose of 600 mg/kg BAPN at five known gestational ages in the 48 hours before palatal shelf elevation, and the fetuses were studied on days 16, 17 and 18. Evaluation of craniofacial relations and palate development in BAPN-treated heads revealed that delayed palatal shelf elevation and resulting cleft palate were related to retrognathia of the mandible. However, shortening of the mandible was due primarily to vertical and lateral bending of Meckel's cartilage. High and retruded tongue positions that were present with the deformities in Meckel's cartilage interfered with palatal shelf movement to the horizontal plane. The group treated with BAPN at 15 days 7 hours, approximately 24 hours before normal palatal shelf elevation, had the most severe defects in Meckel's cartilage, the longest delay in palatal shelf elevation and the highest incidence of cleft palate. Inhibition of crosslinking of collagen in Meckel's cartilage appeared to weaken the cartilage during the critical period in facial development when extention of the tongue and mandible beneath the primary palate is required to facilitate palatal shelf elevation. PMID- 7302873 TI - Quantitation of rat embryonic development in vitro: a morphological scoring system. AB - In order to realize the maximum potential of whole-embryo culture techniques, definitive parameters must be developed for the quantitative estimation of embryonic growth and development. An objective scoring system has been devised which provides a precise measure of morphological development. Examination of rat conceptuses from dams on pregnancy days 10, 11, 12, and 13 (sperm positive = day 1) led to the selection of 17 morphological features for use in the system. Up to six developmental stages of each feature were defined and assigned scores of 0 to 5. The numerical total of scores for an individual embryo is taken as the overall morphological score (MS). The system was applied prospectively to 103 Sprague Dawley rat conceptuses aged 9 to 12.7 days (0 = time of copulation). The variation of score with embryonic age (EA, days) was highly linear: MS = 202.28 + 20.932 EA (R2 = 0.991). Thus, the morphological score can be used to compute apparent embryonic age, and the calculated standard error of prediction is +/- 2.2 hrs. The number of somites (SN) was also found to vary linearly with age over this period: SN = -126.23 + 13.217 EA (R2 = 0.982), and could be used to estimate development. However, the standard error for prediction of apparent embryonic age is greater (+/- 3.1 hours) than that for morphological score, and this single feature will not necessarily reflect overall development. Several parameters were examined as estimates of embryonic growth, as distinct from development. Yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length, and head length were found to vary with EA as quadratic functions over this time. Total embryonic protein increased logarithmically with EA and was considered to be the most suitable measure of embryonic growth. Use of the morphological scoring system in embryo culture experiments provides a precise index of embryonic development, aids the detection of retardation or dysmorphogenesis of specific primordia, and allows a quantitative comparison of development and growth. PMID- 7302874 TI - Dose-response studies with genetically homogeneous lines of mice as a teratology testing and risk-assessment procedure. AB - Current teratology testing procedures are mainly focused on qualitative considerations and, hence, largely ignore the variability in responsiveness to exogenous agents that may exist within species. An example is given of a test using genetically homogeneous lines of animals, which shows how extensive intraspecies variability can be. Pregnant females of six strains of mice were given single doses of 12.5 to 1200 mg/kg cortisone acetate by four routes on 4 days of gestation. The frequency of cleft palate and of fetal resorption were evaluated for their dose-response relations. The range of responses was extremely wide; in one series the malformation ED50 of the most responsive strain was about 16 times greater than that of the least responsive one. By indicating that a range of sensitivities may be possessed by species, and by approximating the limits of that range, inbred lines can reveal mild degrees of responsiveness that are frequently overlooked in using outbred stocks, and hence are of value in assessing risk. PMID- 7302875 TI - Splayleg: a spontaneous limb defect in rabbits. Genetics, gross anatomy, and microscopy. AB - A limb defect in rabbits known as splayleg arose in a closed breeding colony of Dutch rabbits. Since the causes of this postural deformity are not fully understood, an effort was made to clarify the mode of inheritance and the etiology of the disease. Pedigree analysis and genetic mating tests showed that, in contrast to published reports, the disease is not determined by a single recessive gene with complete expressivity. The underlying genetic system is composed of one recessive gene with reduced expressivity or of more genes with the probable involvement of environmental factors. Femurs of abnormal limbs displayed endotorsion of the shaft and anteversion of the neck as the main features. Endotorsion of the femur was associated with exotorsion of the tibia. Dislocation of the hip was not observed. There was no abnormnal laxity of the joint capsule or the ligamentaum teres. Only minor differences in the acetabulum between control and splayleg rabbits were observed. Enzyme histochemistry and electron microscopy of the gluteus medius, adductor longus- and magnus, sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles and the femoral, peroneal, and tibial nerves did not reveal any qualitative differences between splayleg and control rabbits. A study on muscle fiber diameter showed that fibers of splayleg animals were in general smaller, particularly in the semitendinosus. Atypical mitochondria of muscles were observed in all rabbits, but more frequently in splayleg animals. A hypothesis is presented in which imbalanced development of the neural, muscular and skeletal systems of the limb is the primary defect. This results in torsion of the femur. It depends on the degree of femoral torsion and the capacity of the young rabbit for compensation by exorotation of the limb in the hip whether a persistent splayleg posture will develop. PMID- 7302876 TI - [Alcohol, alcoholism, and sexuality (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302877 TI - [Psychosexual factors in cardiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302878 TI - [Sexual problems encountered in diabetology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302879 TI - [The ambiguity of sex in advanced age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302880 TI - [Anything new on aphrodisiacs? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302881 TI - [The aetiology of sexual disorders: organic causes, psychological causes, and their interaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302882 TI - [Sexological anamnesis in gynaecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302883 TI - [The influence of oral contraception on the sex life of adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302884 TI - [The family planning "turntable": The counsellor in the face of a wide range of requests. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302885 TI - [Sex education and sexological responsibility in the training of doctors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302886 TI - Generation of tissue factor by patient monocytes: correlation to thromboembolic complications. AB - Thromboembolic complications are often a common pathological consequence of severe soft tissue trauma. Recent demonstration that monocytes (M0) produce tissue factor (TF) has led to the suggestion that these TF producing M0 might play a role in coagulopathy. We have previously demonstrated that trauma patients with splenectomy develop aberrant monocyte function and this patient group is also known to be at high risk of hypercoagulability episodes. This paper is an initial report on the use of M0 TF as an indicator of and/or correlated to clotting episodes. Monocytes isolated form the Ficoll-Hypaque purified mononuclear cells of 46 normal individuals, 17 trauma patients and 6 surgical controls were assayed at 3 day post-injury intervals for their levels of TF activity. Changes in monocyte TF activity were correlated to increases in the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of 125 I-fibrinogen. Trauma patients were retrospectively divided into those whose FcR was elevated to a level indicative of coagulopathy and those whose FCR levels were not associated with coagulation abnormalities. All trauma patients who exhibited significantly increased FCR experienced thromboembolic episodes and had monocytes whose TF activity was increased an average of 300% (mean = 47 units vs mean = 12 units) over surgical controls. These increase in monocyte TF activity occurred at 6-13 days post injury and preceded clinical manifestation of coagulopathy by 4-6 days. The increased monocyte TF activity demonstrated in this study was significantly correlated to detection of pathologically increased FCR (R = 0.850) and compared to other indices of hypercoagulability. PMID- 7302887 TI - The influence of sex hormones on rat platelet sensitivity to adenosine diphosphate. AB - The sensitivity of rat platelets to the aggregating agent adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) was studied. Platelets form male and female rats demonstrated comparable sensitivity. Neither ovariectomy nor castration altered platelet sensitivity to ADP. However platelets form mock-operated female, but not mock-operated male rats were less sensitive. Administration of physiological doses of 17 beta-oestradiol to ovariectomised rats reduced platelet sensitivity. Administration of 17 beta oestradiol to mock operated female rats increased platelet sensitivity to ADP. The results suggest that physiological amounts of oestrogen induce a loss of platelet sensitivity following surgery or stress, whereas higher concentrations of oestrogens increase platelet sensitivity. PMID- 7302888 TI - Antithrombin III profiles in malignancy, relationship primary tumors and metastatic sites. AB - Variations of antithrombin III were studied in a non-randomized population of consecutive cancer cases admitted to a referral hospital. Differences between functional and immunologic assay were observed. Decreases were observed in both assays when compared to a population of hospitalized controls. Patients with cancer of the colon, ovary and prostate showed a deficiency of antithrombin III more frequently than other common tumors. When all tumor cases were subdivided into those in remission compared to those with metastases, a significant decrease in antithrombin III also could be shown. Metastases to the liver were strikingly common in cancer patients with decreased antithrombin III. In these patients, the decrease in antithrombin III could be statistically correlated with reduction in serum albumin. PMID- 7302889 TI - Antithrombin III, the major modulator of intravascular coagulation, is synthesized by human endothelial cells. AB - Human endothelial cells in culture is shown to synthesize antithrombin III (At III). The endothelial cell At-III (EC-At-III) consists of a small fraction similar to plasma At-III and a larger fraction with decreased heparin-binding as tested by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. However, both the anti-Xa and thrombin neutralizing activities of the EC-At-III were rapid and active even in the absence of added heparin. It is concluded that the major portion was probably bound to endogenous heparin-like substance, thus accounting for its decreased exogenous heparin binding. The presence of At-III and other antithrombotic factors in the vascular endothelium offer protection against thrombosis and possibly atherosclerosis. PMID- 7302890 TI - Long-term tolerance and recovery of beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet (beta PL/UV) treated PPSB in chimpanzees. AB - Recent experiments have shown that a preparation of PPSB (factor IX concentrate) derived form beta PL/UV treated plasma was not infectious in chimpanzees with respect to hepatitis B and non-A, non-B. To answer the question whether the beta PL/UV treatment influences the tolerance and efficacy of the PPSB-concentrate, long-term application of PPSB-Biotest was carried out in chimpanzees. After 10 applications of 25 U factor IX/kg at weekly intervals, no signs of intolerance were observed by measurement of blood pressure during i.v. application and by means of skin-testing. Determination of coagulation factor activity during the application period revealed the same factor IX recovery at the beginning and at the end of the study. PMID- 7302891 TI - Platelet adhesion to collagen is inhibited by adenosine diphosphate but unaffected by cell shape. AB - The effect of limited platelet activation, in the absence of aggregation, on the subsequent ability of rabbit platelets to adhere to collagen was studied in vitro. ADP at concentrations that initiate shape change ( greater than 0.01 micro M) reduce platelet adhesion. Shape change per se however, was not responsible since the time-dependence of the effect of ADP on shape change and adhesion is different and ADP induces reduced adhesion even when shape change is prevented with PGE or fixatives. Platelets shape-changed without ADP addition, e.g. by chilling or by low ethanol concentrations, display normal adhesion to collagen. It appears likely that upon binding to the platelet ADP induces a time-dependent alteration in the membrane, akin to refractoriness, that influences binding sites for collagen. The effect of ADP can be blocked by prior addition of AMP but not if the additions are reversed. The implications of the present finding for platelet adhesion studies are discussed. PMID- 7302892 TI - Quantitation of human platelet transformation on siliconized glass: comparison of "normal' and "abnormal' platelets. AB - A series of typical morphological stages, representing progression of transformation, may be defined following adhesion of platelets to a siliconized glass surface. Platelets are visualized by new light microscopic techniques that allow quantitative categorization of transformation of large platelet populations by morphological stage, and thus the detection and elucidation of platelet defects which influence transformation. Living platelets form each of five subjects with bleeding disorders, due to platelet defects, exhibited a pattern of morphologic transformation which differed from normal. In addition, the pattern observed with the platelets from a subject with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia was sufficiently different from that observed with the platelets from four subjects with thrombopathy, so as to point to a qualitative difference in the activity of the platelets in the two disorders. These findings indicate that the analysis of platelet transformation in vitro through the use of light microscopy may allow for detection and further classification of platelet abnormalities. PMID- 7302893 TI - The thrombolytic activity of streptokinase in the rabbit. AB - The activity of streptokinase (SK) has been examined in a rabbit model of venous thrombosis. Significant thrombolysis was observed at low doses of SK without evidence of systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system. The origin of the specificity of SK-induced fibrinolysis in the rabbit was explored, using a chromogenic substrate coupled assay to measure the enhancement of plasmin generation in the presence of rabbit fibrin. The results obtained suggest that rabbit fibrin influences the fibrinolytic system at three points, viz: the assembly of an activator complex from rabbit plasminogen and SK; the activity of that activator complex towards further rabbit plasminogen; and the activity of the resulting rabbit plasmin in the presence of plasma inhibitors. PMID- 7302894 TI - Control of intraperitoneal haemorrhage with antifibrinolytic therapy in a patient with ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 7302895 TI - Thromboelastographic evaluation of cut down-induced accelerated coagulation. PMID- 7302896 TI - Severe factor XI deficient patient treated with oral anticoagulants. PMID- 7302897 TI - Heparin-induced aggregation of normal human platelets. PMID- 7302898 TI - Hypercoagulability in acute esophageal variceal bleeding. PMID- 7302899 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to factor IX in hemophilia B. PMID- 7302900 TI - Electrochemical activity determination of trypsin-like enzymes. IV. Coupled electrochemical and spectrophotometric assay of thrombin using the same H-D-Phe Pip-Arg-4 MeO beta naphthylamide, 2HCl (S-2421) substrate. PMID- 7302901 TI - Monoclonal antibodies from rats immunized with fragment D of human fibrinogen. PMID- 7302902 TI - High molecular weight fibrinogen derivatives in hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7302903 TI - Isolation and properties of high molecular weight heparin. PMID- 7302904 TI - Evidence for the involvement of microtubules in the ADP-induced secretion in platelet 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7302905 TI - Lower molecular weight fibrinogen and non-clottable fibrinogen derivatives in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7302906 TI - Inhibition of the availability of platelet factor 3 by increased concentration of lecithin in platelets caused by gonadal steroids. PMID- 7302907 TI - Biophysical characteristics of anionic density-fractionated mucosal heparins in relation to potencies in anticoagulant and thrombin-inhibition assays. PMID- 7302908 TI - The selective affinity labeling of factor Xa by peptides of arginine chloromethyl ketone. PMID- 7302909 TI - Recalculation of calcium-binding properties of human and rat fibrin(ogen) and their degradation products. PMID- 7302910 TI - A rapid manual chromogenic factor X assay. PMID- 7302911 TI - Effect of age on ADP-induced platelet aggregation in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. PMID- 7302912 TI - The transient transfer of plasma antithrombin-III to an extraplasmatic body compartment during haemodialysis. PMID- 7302913 TI - Acute liver failure and platelet aggregation. PMID- 7302914 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in hepatic failure treated with antithrombin III. PMID- 7302915 TI - Determination of plasminogen activity (fibrinolytic) with the lysometer. PMID- 7302916 TI - Sex differences in the platelet response to aspirin. PMID- 7302917 TI - Turnover of human histidine-rich glycoprotein in healthy subjects and during thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 7302919 TI - Blood sampling techniques for fibrinolytic studies: comparison of Vacutainer R and traditional techniques. PMID- 7302918 TI - Effect of nicotine on cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. PMID- 7302920 TI - Comparative plasma heparin levels after subcutaneous administration of calcium and magnesium heparin. PMID- 7302921 TI - Fibrin-fibrinogen interactions during gel filtration in a medium containing fibrinogen, albumin or cold-insoluble globulin. PMID- 7302922 TI - Quantitative measurement of endotoxin in human blood using synthetic chromogenic substrate for horseshoe crab clotting enzyme: a comparison of methods of blood sampling and treatment. PMID- 7302923 TI - Quantitative analysis of platelet membrane glycoproteins: effect of platelet washing procedures and isolation of platelet density subpopulations. PMID- 7302924 TI - The role of metabolic energy in platelet-collagen adhesion. PMID- 7302925 TI - High pressure liquid chromatography of fibrinopeptides derived from eight mammalian fibrinogens. PMID- 7302926 TI - The sensitivity of human and bovine thrombin to heparin in plasma. PMID- 7302927 TI - The effect of albumin concentration and storage time on the adhesion of washed porcine platelets to glass. PMID- 7302928 TI - Agkistrodon acutus snake venom inhibits prothrombinase complex formation. PMID- 7302929 TI - Effects of N-acetyl glucosamine on platelet aggregation. PMID- 7302930 TI - The effects of glucosamine on platelet aggregation. PMID- 7302931 TI - A sulphated polysaccharide--the effects in vivo and in vitro on the haemostatic system in healthy volunteers. PMID- 7302932 TI - [Nutrition in herd management programmes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302933 TI - [Development prospect Coordination Committee Animal Housing and Husbandry Research]. PMID- 7302934 TI - [Keeping qualities of bovine udders (author's transl)]. AB - Three trials were made, in which mammary tissues obtained under hygienic conditions were stored together with discharged milk at 4 degrees and 20 degrees C. Bacteriological, histological, organoleptic and pH studies were done to assess the keeping qualities and spoilage of these tissues. The results of these studies showed that mammary tissues stored at 4 degrees C together with discharged milk will remain stable for a maximum period of four days. Inadequate chilling or failure to chill (as is often the case on storage in receptacles in the field) is inadmissible because of spoilage (one day) and the rapid growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The discharged milk stored along with the mammary tissues will have an adverse effect on the keeping qualities of the tissues. Spoilage of mammary tissues may occur as well in the superficial layer as in the deeper layers as both the surface and the subjacent tissues harbour bacteria. Penetration of bacteria from the surface to the deeper tissues does not occur. The paper concludes with recommendations based on previous studies and above mentioned investigation regarding good manufacturing practices where the production, storage and treatment of bovine udders are concerned. PMID- 7302935 TI - [Stiflelameness in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7302936 TI - [Multiple-year plan 1982-1986: developmental plans of the Coordinating Commission for Reproduction Research]. PMID- 7302937 TI - [Rib osteomyelitis in an infant]. PMID- 7302938 TI - Pure gonadal dysgenesis in a triple-x female. AB - A tall 15 1/2-year-old-girl with an xxx sex chromosome complement, absence of secondary sexual characteristics and histologically verified pure gonadal dysgenesis is described. In contrast to patients with an xxy sex chromosome configuration who--after puberty--are recognisable by typical somatic abnormalities, triple-x females generally show no physical anomalies. Speech and language problems can be features of the triple-x condition; ovarian dysfunction in triple-x females has been described only sporadically. Probably one patient is the second case described having this chromosomal aberration combined with pure gonadal dysgenesis. The presence of three x chromosomes (and thereby possibly extra growth determinants) could be the reason for the extra growth potential in these patients. This contrasts with the reduced growth in patients with the xo sex chromosome configuration who tend to remain small. PMID- 7302939 TI - [Salbutamol in children with CARA; a comparison of administration with tablets and with the Rotahaler]. PMID- 7302940 TI - [A patient with abnormalities in the oro-facial region following radiotherapy at an early age]. PMID- 7302941 TI - [Obesity in children. I. The prevalence of obesity in the Netherlands]. AB - A review is presented of the prevalence of obesity among apparently healthy 8 year old schoolchildren, based on the findings of the National Nutrition Council's cross-sectional surveys, periodically performed in the Netherlands with 3 year intervals in the period 1960-1977. When clinical obesity is defined as more than 25 pct fat mass of total body-weight in young children, 3 to 4 pct obesity occurs in smaller towns or villages in the peripheral areas of the country and 4 to 7 pct in big cities. When 20 pct fat mass is the criterium for the lower limit of obesity, the prevalence for thick including obese children varies from 10 to 13 pct in small towns versus 14 to 20 pct in big cities. The prevalence of obesity thus defined tends to be lower from 1968 onwards. From various other surveys in the Netherlands similar reports are published, mentioning 2 pct of clinical obesity among 6 to 7 year olds up to 4 and 7 pct among 10 year olds and 8-10 pct among school attending adolescents of 15 and 16 years old. There are no reliable data on the prevalence of obesity among infants and toddlers in this country. A second part of this interview on obesity among children will relate to the possible effects of childhood obesity for obesity in later life. PMID- 7302942 TI - [Congenital hip dislocation: a practical treatment program]. PMID- 7302943 TI - [The problem of the use of mercurials cosmetics in Senegal (author's transl)]. AB - The use of skin-lightening preparations appears to be a problem for the coloured women in Africa as well as for the Black People in general. The mercurial creams occupy a place of choice into the most useful products for the skin depigmentation. An epidemiological study from twenty senegalese women using mercurials cosmetics has permitted to determine a mean value of 155,75 +/- 75,38 ppm Hg in scalp hair while the normal level is less than 10 ppm. An experimental study was realised with monkeys (Papio papio) treated with a soap containing mercuric biiodide. This study has shown, after only three months of experimentation, a significative augmentation of mercury levels in all the organs and specially in the kidneys and the hair. PMID- 7302944 TI - Comparative studies by scanning electron microscopy of the effect of ricin on the cell membrane of hepatoma cells and isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7302945 TI - Inhibition of macrophage migration by ochratoxin A and citrinin, and prevention by phenylalanine of the ochratoxin A-induced inhibition. PMID- 7302946 TI - [Modification of hepatotoxic effect of halogenated hydrocarbons on partially hepatectomized rats (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of hepatectomy on the hepatotoxic effect of halogenated hydrocarbons was studied. Male rats received oral administration of chloroform of carbon tetrachloride at a single dose of 500 mg/kg, 3 days prior to or after the partial hepatectomy. The hepatotoxic effect of the toxins was modified in a different manner according to the time of the hepatectomy. In the animals hepatectomized 3 days after the hepatotoxins administration, histological changes of the liver were similar to those of the non-hepatectomized rats, except with an increase in the activity of GOT and GPT. Contrary, in the animals hepatectomized 3 days prior to the hepatotoxins administration, the toxic effect of the chemicals was less enhanced than in the non-hepatectomized animals. PMID- 7302947 TI - [Interaction between benzene and toluene in long term inhalation exposure in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Industrial chemicals are seldom used as pure substances; hazards resulting from exposure to mixtures have, however not been solved. Our study deals with chronic inhalation toxicity of a mixture of benzene and toluene; few studies have been completed on this subject. Our results show: - leucopenia with benzene alone, at a concentration of 50 p.p.m., that is not detectable in the presence of toluene; metabolic variations consisting in: a decrease in the phenol urinary rate versus time with benzene alone; a sharp decrease of this rate from the third month of exposure on, in presence of toluene. PMID- 7302948 TI - [Species differences in pharmaco-kinetics of chemicals. Correlations with toxicity (author's transl)]. AB - The species differences in kinetics of drugs or toxics were studied in laboratory and domestic animals at various stages of the fate in the body: - absorption, - distribution, blood transport, binding on plasmatic proteins, tissues; placenta passage, - elimination via the kidney, bile, and diverses secretions. Since they are very important in species differences bio-transformations of chemical substances were studied separately. The toxicological or pharmacological implications of these differences were shown from a theoretical point of view (phenomena of passage through the membranes), an experimental point of view (choice of species, extrapolation from animal to man) and from the veterinary point of view. PMID- 7302949 TI - Tolerance to the carbamate insecticide propoxur. AB - Male mice were given the carbamate insecticide propoxur (2-isopropoxy phenyl methylcarbamate; Baygon) in the drinking water at weekly increasing concentrations (from 50 to 2000 ppm), for a period of 6 weeks. At the end of the treatment the LD50 for propoxur was significantly higher in the treated animals as compared with controls. Propoxur-treated animals were also resistant to the hypothermic effect of an acute administration of the same compound. Groups of mice were challenged with the cholinergic agonist carbachol at intervals during the drinking water dosing and at its end. No differences in sensitivity to carbachol acute toxicity were found between control and treated animals. Propoxur tolerant animals were also not resistant to the hypothermic effect of oxotremorine, another cholinergic agonist. [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding (a measure of muscarinic receptor density and affinity) in forebrain, hindbrain and ileum never differed in control and treated mice. The possibility that repeated administrations of propoxur induced increased metabolic inactivation was tested by measuring hexobarbital sleeping time and carboxylesterase activity in treated and control mice. No changes in tissue carboxylesterase activities occurred but hexobarbital sleeping time was significantly reduced in propoxur treated animals suggesting an induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes. These results suggest that tolerance to propoxur is not mediated by a decrease of cholinergic receptors, as reported for other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but possibly by an enhancement of its metabolism. PMID- 7302950 TI - In vitro and in vivo covalent binding of the kidney toxicant and carcinogen tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate. AB - The nephrotoxicant and nephrocarcinogen tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate (Tris BP) is activated to products which bind covalently to microsomal protein by a cytochrome P-450 dependent oxidation reaction. Binding to rat liver microsomes proceeds 15 times faster than with kidney microsomes. The binding in liver microsomes is markedly increased by phenobarbital pretreatment, the apparent Vmax of the reaction is 175 pmol/mg microsomal protein/min with control microsomes and 1053 pmol/mg protein/min with induced microsomes. Binding with kidney microsomes is doubled after pretreatment with polychlorinated biphenyls. 2,3-Dibromopropanol (2,3-DBP), a hydrolysis product of Tris-BP, is also activated to covalently protein-bound products, but at a much slower rate than Tris-BP. Administration of Tris-BP to rats leads to its covalent binding to proteins in liver and kidney, with 5 time higher binding levels in kidney than in liver, correlating with its relative organotoxic potential in single dose experiments. Binding to proteins in the kidney was increased by pretreatment of animals with polychlorinated biphenyls. A covalent interaction of Tris-BP could also be demonstrated to DNA, both when DNA was added to liver microsomal incubations in vitro and to DNA extracted from liver and kidney after administration of Tris-BP in vivo. The binding levels were 4 times higher to kidney DNA than to liver DNA. PMID- 7302951 TI - Evaluation of renal function in saccharin treated rats. AB - Renal function and transport have been examined in male and female rats at various times during a 6-month exposure to sodium saccharin. The animals were maintained on special diets containing 0%, 1%, 5% or 7.5% sodium saccharin. Developmental patterns for renal transport and renal function in the control animals were normal. The 5% and 7.5% concentrations of saccharin caused a reduction in the renal slice steady-stable accumulation of p-aminohippurate (PAH) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) which became significant after the animals were 30 days of age or older. Enhanced sodium excretion was observed in every age group of animals tested when these animals consumed sodium saccharin concentrations greater than or equal to 1% in the diet. At 60 days of age, increased urine volume, a decrease in urine osmolality, and increased potassium excretion were also found. All effects of saccharin on renal function and transport were promptly and completely reversible when the animals were removed from the saccharin diet for as little as 24 h. The effects of saccharin on PAH transport apparently were attributable to competitive inhibition. Although effects on TEA transport and other renal function parameters were not defined as to mechanism, the effects were as readily reversible as those on PAH when saccharin was removed from the diet. PMID- 7302952 TI - Effects of several snake venoms on serum and tissue transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7302953 TI - The purification and characterization of an antihemorrhagic factor in opossum (Didelphis virginiana) serum. PMID- 7302954 TI - Purification and characterization of hemorrhagic components from Agkistrodon acutus (hundred pace snake) venom. PMID- 7302955 TI - Effects of convulxin, a toxin from rattlesnake venom, on platelets and leukocytes of anesthetized rabbits. PMID- 7302956 TI - Isolation and characterization of a toxic protein from Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) seeds, distinct from concanavalin A. PMID- 7302957 TI - Purification and characterization of a toxin from brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom gland extracts. PMID- 7302958 TI - Effects of arginine modification of Naja nigricollis and Naja naja atra snake venom phospholipases A2 on enzymatic activity, lethality and anticoagulant action. PMID- 7302959 TI - Carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation: simultaneous in vivo measurements of pentane and chloroform exhaled by the rat. AB - Simultaneous measurements of pentane, an index of lipid peroxidation, and chloroform (CHCl3), an index of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) metabolism, were made on samples of breath from rats injected with 30 microliter CCL4/100 g body wt. In the first 3 h after administration of CCl4, rats fasted overnight metabolized less CCl4 and exhaled less pentane than did fed rats. Multiple injections of CCl4 decreased both the metabolism of CCl4 to CHCl3 and the level of in vivo lipid peroxidation following administration of a subsequent dose of CCl4. Dietary vitamin E provided limited protection from CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and had no effect on the rate of CCl4 metabolism to CHCl3. PMID- 7302961 TI - Biochemical changes induced by naphthalene after oral administration in albino rats. AB - Biochemical alterations were observed in albino rats after oral administration of naphthalene for 10 days. The changes were significant in the liver where increases in liver weight, lipid peroxidation and aniline hydroxylase activity were observed. A slight increase of alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the liver and eye. No significant change was observed in the kidney. PMID- 7302960 TI - Avoidance behaviour of young black ducks treated with chromium. PMID- 7302962 TI - Decrease of plasma vitamin A, albumin and zinc in cadmium-treated rats. AB - Male rats of the Wistar strain were injected subcutaneously with a total dose of 4.5 mg cadmium (Cd) per kg body weight. The first groups (Sc-1) was injected with 18 doses of 0.25 mg/kg, the second group (Sc-II) was injected with 9 doses of 0.50 mg/kg, and the third group (Sc-III) with 2 doses of 2.25 mg/kg. Another group was given water containing 75 ppm Cd for 68 days and 50 ppm for the ensuing 75 days. The plasma concentration of vitamin A (VA) was statistically decreased by the subcutaneous injections of Cd, but the liver concentration of VA was not altered. The fractionated injection of the total Cd apparently reduced the toxicity of Cd on VA metabolism. The decrease of plasma albumin was highly correlated with the decrease of plasma VA. The relative coefficient between them was calculated as 0.812 (n = 34, P less than 0.01) with all of the groups. the relative coefficient between plasma VA and zinc (Zn) was lower than that between plasma VA and albumin but was statistically significant (r = 0.697, P less than 0.01). These results may indicate the involvement of hepatic damage in Cd intoxications. The decrease of plasma VA, however, could not be explained by the Zn deficiency of the liver. To clarify the role of Zn in VA metabolism, the secretion mechanisms of them should be investigated in the liver. PMID- 7302963 TI - Tolerance of adult mallards to subacute ingestion of crude petroleum oil. AB - Adult male mallards were fed untreated mash or mash containing 1.5% Prudhoe Bay crude oil for 7 days ad lib. During the initial 24 h of exposure to crude petroleum oil, ducks consumed less mash (P less than 0.05) and lost approx. 3.5% of their initial body weight (P less than 0.05), however, neither intake nor body weight differ between groups on days 2-7. Plasma samples collected between 09.00 and 10.00 h on days 0, 1, 3, or 7 indicated that corticosterone, glucose, thyroxine, total protein, and uric acid concentrations, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) were not affected by treatment. These findings suggest that adult mallards may be able to tolerate large quantities of crude petroleum oil mixed in their diet (approx. 25 ml over a 7-day period) without overt or biochemical indications of distress. PMID- 7302964 TI - Effect of consumption of milk from goats fed Senecio jacobaea on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities in rats. AB - Milk from lactating goats fed tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) was evaluated for its ability to influence hepatic drug metabolism. The milk after being freeze dried was fed to male rats for 1 week ad lib. A significant reduction in the activities of hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was obtained. There was no significant change in the activities of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase. The data suggest that consumption of milk from goats fed Senecio jacobaea produces a selective alteration of the activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 7302965 TI - Target organ toxicity. AB - In a survey of the toxicological profiles of 50 compounds in rodent and non rodent species, sensitive criteria of toxicity were found to be the simple characteristics, such as clinical observation of the living animal, growth and organ weight analysis, liver and kidney function tests and histological examination of selected tissues. There was poor correlation of target organ toxicity across the species. For this reason safety evaluation should not be based on the demonstration of target organ toxicity, but on the absence of toxic signs. A step by step approach, based on the biological activity of the compound, would provide more meaningful data for safety evaluation than the standard toxicological studies in a rodent and non-rodent species. PMID- 7302966 TI - Inhibition of rat platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by chlordimeform. AB - Chlordimeform, a formamidine insecticide and acaricide, and two of its toxic N demethyl metabolites inhibited rat blood platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake. A direct relationship existed between formamidine uptake inhibitory potency and N-demethylation. Didemethylchlordimeform, the most potent formamidine inhibitor of 5-HT uptake examined, had a pI50 of 4.2. However, it was appreciably less active than the classical inhibitor imipramine, which yielded 86.4% inhibition of 5-HT uptake at a concentration of 1.10(-5) M. PMID- 7302967 TI - Effects of exposure to ozone on susceptibility to experimental tuberculosis. AB - Exposure of mice to 1.96 mg/m3 ozone (O3) 3 h/day, 5 days/week, for up to 8 weeks beginning at 1 or 2 weeks after challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis R1Rv resulted in significant enhancement of bacterial titers in the lungs at 5 through 8 weeks after challenge when compared to mice exposed to filtered air. Exposure to lower concentrations of O3 did not produce any significant changes compared to controls. Exposure of guinea pigs to 2.9 mg/m3O3 for 3 h immediately after challenge with M. tuberculosis resulted in a suppression of the cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response, without affecting the serum hemagglutination antibody titers. However, exposure of guinea pigs to 0.98 mg/m3 O3 3h/day for 5 days, initiated within 3 h after the infectious challenge, enhanced hemagglutination antibody titers initially, but the delayed hypersensitivity reaction did not differ from controls. PMID- 7302968 TI - Differential effects of cadmium on the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 system in male and female rats. AB - Cadmium (Cd) produced a marked sex-related difference with respect to inhibition of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase enzyme system in the rat. Following in vivo cadmium (2 mg/kg i.p.) treatment, significant decreases in the levels of cytochrome P-450, significant reductions in the magnitudes of spectral binding (aniline or ethylmorphine), and significant inhibitions of microsomal metabolism (aniline and ethylmorphine) were observed with microsomes isolated from male but not female rats. Of these parameters only aniline metabolism was significantly altered in females. Following the in vitro addition of Cd (10(-6) M to 10(-3) M) to hepatic microsomes isolated from untreated male or female rats, sex-related changes were also observed in these parameters. Significant, concentration dependent reductions were observed in cytochrome P-450 levels of both sexes but the males showed greater sensitivity to the cadmium effect. With respect to binding spectra, cadmium addition produced a concentration dependent inhibition of aniline only in the male rat. Ethylmorphine binding was inhibited only at the higher cadmium concentrations in both sexes. With respect to drug metabolism, cadmium addition inhibited both aniline and ethylmorphine metabolism in male rats and only aniline metabolism in female rats. These results showed that there are sex-related differences in the interaction of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase enzyme system with cadmium both after in vitro addition as well as in vivo treatment with the metal. PMID- 7302969 TI - Effects of industrial effluents, heavy metals, and organic solvents on mallard embryo development. AB - Mallard eggs were externally exposed at 3 and 8 days of incubation to 7 different industrial effluents and to 7 different heavy metal, organic solvent, and petroleum solutions to screen for potential embryo-toxic effects. This route of exposure was chosen in order to simulate the transfer of pollutant from the plumage of aquatic birds to their eggs. Five of the effluents including mineral pigment, scouring effluent, sludge, and tannery effluent resulted in small but significant reductions in embryonic growth. Treatment with methyl mercury chloride solution of 50 ppm (Hg) impaired embryonic growth but much higher concentrations were required to affect survival and cause teratogenic effects. Oil used to suppress road dust was the most toxic of the pollutants tested and only 0.5 microliter/egg caused 60% mortality by 18 days of development. These findings, in combination with other studies suggest that petroleum pollutants, or effluents in combination with petroleum, may pose a hazard to birds' eggs when exposure is by this route. PMID- 7302970 TI - Hepatotoxicity of dimethylnitrosamine in cats and lizards. AB - The hepatotoxic effects of the oral administration of a single dose of 50 mg dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)/kg and daily doses of 5 mg and 1 mg/kg, respectively, to cats and lizards were studied by light microscopy. Centrilobular necrosis was the main alteration detected in the liver of cats as in other animal species studied. The lizards, however, appeared unaffected. Morphological changes observed in the liver of these reptiles included haemorrhage, vacuolation of hepatocytes and diffuse nuclear changes; including pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Haemorrhage was also evident in the liver of cats as well as leukocytic infiltration;. including macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Cats appeared to be more susceptible to DMN poisoning. PMID- 7302971 TI - Binding of cadmium and lead to the calcium-phytate complex in vitro. AB - Low concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are unable to precipitate phytate, but in the presence of calcium (Ca) a precipitate is formed that binds both toxic metals. Almost complete binding of both metals has been observed at calcium-phytate ratios occurring in laboratory animal stock diets. Such binding may help to explain why the metals are less available to rats fed stock diets than to those fed phytate-free semisynthetic ones. PMID- 7302972 TI - Sub-acute toxicity studies on a new piperidine derivative (HSR-902) in dogs. AB - The administration of a new piperidine antispasmodic agent (HSR-902) to the dog by the oral and intravenous routes, induced clinical signs attributable to parasympathetic blockage. The only significant toxicological finding was rarefied appearance and enlargement of the hepatocytes at the high dose level (50 mg/kg/day); this was shown to be reversible. PMID- 7302973 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on the distribution and excretion of lead in rats acutely poisoned with lead. AB - Lead (Pb) distribution and excretion after lead injection in rats treated with phenobarbital was examined to investigate the mechanism of the mitigation of Pb toxicity by phenobarbital treatment. Male rats were given 30 mg/kg of phenobarbital s.c. daily for 5 days, and 24 h later a single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg Pb. The amount of Pb in the liver, red blood cells and heart increased markedly after Pb injection in rats treated with phenobarbital, whereas it decreased in lungs and remained unchanged in kidneys. The excretion of Pb via urine and feces was also suppressed by phenobarbital. From these results, it may be concluded that phenobarbital increased accumulation of Pb in the liver, and suppressed the transfer of Pb to other organs. PMID- 7302974 TI - The effect of lentinan on fertility and general reproductive performance of the rat. AB - Lentinan, a polysaccharide [(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan], at 0.01, 0.10 or 1.0 mg/kg/day, was administered i.v. once daily to male rats for 9 weeks and to females for 2 weeks before mating. Some animals continued to be treated until they were killed during gestation: others were killed on day 21 post partum. Selected animals of the F1 generation were retained without further treatment, to provide F2 offspring. Reactions to treatment were generally dose-related and included bruising and cutaneous lesions of the tail and swelling and discolouration of the pinnae. In males given 1.0 mg/kg/day there was a clear evidence of gonadal damage and impairment of reproductive capacity; this effect was less marked at 0.1 mg/kg/day and much reduced at 0.01 mg/kg/day. However, the reproductive performance of the selected F1 pups did not appear to have been affected by the treatment of the F0 parents at any dosage. In animals of both sexes there was a dose-related enlargement of the spleen, with evidence of macrophage infiltration. PMID- 7302975 TI - The effect of lentinan on pregnancy of the New Zealand white rabbit. AB - Lentinan at 0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg/day was administered i.v. to the New Zealand White rabbit, once daily, on days 6--18 of gestation. There were no significant treatment-related effects of post implantation loss, mean litter size and weight, mean foetal weight or the incidence of minor skeletal or visceral anomalies. PMID- 7302976 TI - The effect of lentinan on the in utero embryonic and foetal development of the rat and on postnatal development of the F1 offspring. AB - Lentinan, a polysaccharide [(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan], at 0.10, 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg/day was administered i.v. to rats once daily from day 6 until, and including, day 17 of pregnancy. Some animals were killed on day 20 of gestation, others were killed on day 21 post partum. Selected animals of the F1 offspring were retained without further treatment, to provide F2 offspring. Reactions to treatment were generally dose-related and included swelling and discolouration of the pinnae, with occasional cutaneous lesions of the tail and swelling of the hind feet. Spleen weight was increased at all dosages. Litter characteristics at day 20 of pregnancy, including the incidence of abnormality, were not affected by treatment. For dams allowed to litter, mean pup weights were slightly increased, with slight acceleration of some physiological markers before weaning. There was no evidence that treatment of the F0 parents affected the reproductive performance of the F1 offspring. PMID- 7302977 TI - The effect of lentinan on the in utero foetal development of the rat and on postnatal development of the F1 offspring. AB - Lentinan, a polysaccharide [(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan], at 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg/day was administered i.v. to rats once daily from day 15 of pregnancy to day 21 post partum. All animals were allowed to deliver their young and selected animals of the F1 generation were retained without further treatment, to provide F2 offspring. Reactions to treatment were generally dose-related and included bruising of the tail and swelling and discolouration of the pinnae. Animals at 5.0 mg/kg/day sometimes showed swollen hind limbs and cutaneous lesions of the tail. Mean spleen weight in females was increased at all dosages, more so at 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg/day. There was no evidence of an adverse effect on litter characteristics, including the pre-weaning development of the F1 offspring, or that treatment of the F0 parents adversely affected post-weaning development and reproductive performance of the F1 offspring. PMID- 7302978 TI - Chronic intravenous administration of lentinan to the rhesus monkey. AB - The prolonged effects of overdosage with lentinan in the rhesus monkey are associated with foam cell reactions in lung, liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow and with varying degrees of vasculitis and associated reactions. A dose level of 0.5 mg/kg/day was without adverse effect. PMID- 7302979 TI - The intravenous toxicity of lentinan to the beagle dog. AB - The i.v administration of lentinan to the Beagle dog induced changes in the cytoplasm of macrophagic cells in the liver, spleen, kidney, lungs, lymph nodes, small intestine. Electron-lucent or filamentous inclusions were demonstrated in the liver, kidney and spleen. A dose level of 0.5 mg/kg/day was without adverse effect. PMID- 7302980 TI - Acute toxicity of organic solvents, heavy metals and DDT tested in cultures of mouse neuroblastoma cells. AB - To test the toxicity of some substances, known to affect the nervous system i.e. organic solvents, heavy metals and DDT, their ability to cause cell detachment of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells was investigated. A TD25 value was obtained by graphic estimation of the concentration needed to cause 25% of the total cell number to detach. These TD25 values were compared with LD50 values obtained from the literature and a correlation was found. PMID- 7302981 TI - Comparative evaluation of the neuromuscular blocking activity of three new aminoglycoside antibiotics in rats. AB - The effects of three aminoglycoside antibiotics on the rat isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation and on the sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle preparation were investigated. Tobramycin, amikacin and ribostamycin produced dose-dependent neuromuscular blockade of the diaphragm twitches. Comparison of results showed that the neuromuscular blocking potency was as follows: tobramycin greater than amikacin greater than ribostamycin. The neuromuscular blockade produced gy these antibiotics was reversed by calcium chloride, whereas it was not influenced by neostigmine methylsulfate. Furthermore, the neuromuscular blocking potency in vitro of these three aminoglycosides was paralleled by their activity in vivo on the sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle preparation. PMID- 7302982 TI - The calcium carbimide-ethanol interaction: lack of relation between electroencephalographic response and cerebrospinal fluid acetaldehyde. AB - Penetration of acetaldehyde into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in healthy human volunteers during calcium carbimide-ethanol interaction. CSF was sampled via lumbar puncture and blood from a cubital vein. CSF and blood acetaldehyde concentrations varied from 1 to 41 and from 22 to 138 mumol/l, respectively. The results indicate that acetaldehyde penetrates the human blood-liquor barrier. Computer analysis of electroencephalograms (EEGs) recorded during the interaction showed reduction in alpha activity with a concomitant increase in delta activity. The changes were similar to those previously observed during 'normal' ethanol intoxication. PMID- 7302984 TI - Paraoxon increases the rate of synthesis of acetylcholinesterase in cultured muscle. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of cultured chick embryonic pectoral muscle was significantly increased above control activity during recovery from brief treatments with paraoxon (O, O-diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate), the anticholinesterase metabolite of parathion. Paraoxon also increased the rate of degradation of the enzyme, suggesting the higher AChE activity of paraoxon treated cells was due to a stimulation of enzyme synthesis. PMID- 7302983 TI - Lead exposure and renal failure: does renal insufficiency influence lead kinetics? AB - Blood and urine lead concentrations have been measured in 40 subjects with normal and impaired renal function. Derived renal lead clearance varied widely, but was not influenced by the degree of renal impairment. Lead, however, appeared to reduce its own clearance. These findings provide additional evidence of nephrotoxicity from sub-clinical lead exposure. PMID- 7302985 TI - Sensory irritation caused by various industrial airborne chemicals. AB - A short inhalation experiment was performed on mice using 22 industrial airborne irritants. The parameter chosen as an index of sensory irritation was the reflex decrease in respiratory rate. For each compound, systematic determination of the concentration associated with a 50% decrease in the respiratory rate (RD50) permitted, on the basis of the same end point, a comparison of their relative potencies. The possibility of using the obtained data as initial guidelines to establish acceptable Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) in the workplace was examined. PMID- 7302986 TI - Pathways of disposition of acetaminophen conjugates in the mouse. AB - After a single dose of [14C]acetaminophen (50 mg/kg) was administered orally to bile duct cannulated mice, 13.9% of the radioactivity was recovered in the bile while 41.2% was found in the urine in the first 3 h after administration. Analyses of biles revealed that the major biliary metabolite was acetaminophen glutathione (AG) conjugate which was derived from the hepatotoxic acetaminophen intermediate. Examination of urines showed that they contained mostly glucuronide and sulfate conjugates with no AG or its degradation products (cysteine and mercapturate). Analysis of urines collected from non-cannulated animals at 4 h showed that they contained glucuronide, sulfate, cysteine and mercapturate metabolites. Our results suggest that after formation in the liver, the majority of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were directly eliminated by the kidney. On the other hand, the pathway for the disposition of the glutathione conjugate was first into the bile, then reabsorption, and finally disposition into the urine as cysteine and mercapturate metabolites. PMID- 7302987 TI - Reduction in cutaneous and hepatic glutathione contents, glutathione S transferase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities following topical application of acrylamide to mouse. PMID- 7302988 TI - Delayed neurotoxicity caused by a single massive dose of dichlorvos to adult hens. AB - A moderate neuropathic response was obtained in hens 2 weeks after being given a single massive s.c. dose of dichlorvos (100 mg/kg of active ingredient in a commercial 50% formulation). 1 day after dosing inhibition of neurotoxic esterase in peripheral nerve was 79-90%, in spinal cord 70-81% and in brain 89-92%. It is unlikely that repeated exposure of man to dichlorvos could cause neuropathy except at doses causing severe cholinergic effects at every exposure. PMID- 7302989 TI - Reactions of formaldehyde with guanosine. AB - Formaldehyde reacted with guanosine and the products were assayed using fluorescence spectroscopy at different pHs. The reaction products were fluorescent in alkali only as was found with commercial N-2 methylguanosine. Thus, formaldehyde appeared to react with N-2 of guanosine. The reaction was completed with 30s both at 0 degrees C or at 21 degrees C. The stability of the reaction products was further investigated by the addition of glycine. When formaldehyde was allowed to react with guanosine for 30s, 90% of the fluorescence disappeared when glycine was added suggesting a labile adduct such as a methylol derivative. By contrast, after a 20 h incubation only 20% of fluorescence was abolished with glycine suggesting a stable adduct such as a methylene derivative. PMID- 7302990 TI - Acute toxicity of latex microspheres. AB - The distribution and acute lethality of i.v. administered 3 micrometers latex spheres were determined in rats. The results extend previous studies demonstrating the similarity between dog and rat in the dynamics of microspheres in these species and the inverse relationship between sphere diameter and hemodynamic toxicity. The results suggest that 3 micrometers spheres may be safe imaging agents or drug delivery systems for spleen and liver when administered slowly. Acute hemodynamic toxicity appears to be a function of the total volume of the spheres injected. PMID- 7302991 TI - Transformation of hamster embryo cells by neutral sterols and bile acids. AB - Toxicity and cell transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture by certain neutral sterols and bile acids show interesting trends related to their structures: cholesterol-alpha-epoxide and cholestan-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol were more toxic and induced transformation to these cells, whereas their metabolic precursor, cholesterol, was inactive. The secondary bile acids, lithocholic and deoxycholic acids, were more toxic than their primary bile acid precursors, cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids and transformed the cells. These data suggest that mammalian cell transformation is a useful short-term assay to measure the potential toxicity and carcinogenicity of steroid derivatives. PMID- 7302993 TI - Factors affecting the distribution of tobacco smoke-induced lesions in the rodent larynx. AB - Tobacco smoke-induced laryngeal lesions were investigated in rats and hamsters exposed for up to 12 weeks. The distribution of epithelial hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia was non-uniform in both species. The influence of laryngeal anatomy, histology (epithelial type) and airflow, together with the characteristics of the smoke itself, on the distribution of these lesions, are discussed. PMID- 7302992 TI - Interactions of styrene and styrene oxide with partially purified cytochrome P 450 and P-448 from rat liver microsomes. AB - Styrene and styrene 7,8-oxide were able to bind both to partially purified cytochrome P-450 isolated from phenobarbital (PB)-treated rat liver and to cytochrome P-448 from liver microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-treated rats. In the presence of either purified preparation or "fresh" microsomes from PB- or 3-MC-treated animals, styrene produced a characteristic Type I difference spectrum as did styrene 7,8-oxide with "fresh" microsomes from PB rats. In other experiments, the addition of styrene oxide produced spectra which resembled Type I spectra but were somewhat shifted to longer wavelengths. A comparison of the binding parameters for the interaction of styrene or styrene 7,8-oxide with partially purified preparations and "fresh" microsomes indicated that the binding is catalyzed by more than one type of P-450 hemoprotein and that the binding affinity is slightly reduced by the purification procedure. The addition of phosphatidylcholine was unable to restore the binding parameters. PMID- 7302994 TI - Binding of [methyl-3H]paraquat to rat, rabbit, hamster, mouse and guinea pig lung proteins, in vitro. AB - When incubated with the rat lung slices [methyl-3H]paraquat was found to bind covalently to acid-insoluble proteins. The evidence in the present study indicated that the binding of radioactivity was not due to the formation of a reactive metabolite secondary to mixed-function oxidase (MFO)-mediated bioactivation of paraquat but was probably due to formation of paraquat free radicals. Preincubation of lung slices with CN, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DPN), p hydroxymercuribenzoate and cysteine inhibited binding, while anaerobic conditions has a marked stimulatory effect. There were no significant differences in the extent of covalent binding of [methyl-3H]paraquat to lung protein of rat. rabbit, mouse, guinea pig, and hamster. PMID- 7302996 TI - Magnified observations of the intestinal mucosa. AB - Before and after dispersal of glucose, aminoacid and fat solutions, the intestinal mucosa was observed by a magnifying endoscope, dissecting microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Minimal changes were observed after dispersal of 5% glucose, 20% sucrose and 10% artificial fat solutions, while, moderate to severe changes in shape, color and surface epithelium were recognized after dispersal of 12% aminoacid and 20% glucose solutions. These differences in the changes were thought to be caused not only by the characteristic differences in the solutions but also by the differences in osmotic pressure of the solutions. In intestinal examinations, dissecting microscopes and SeM can be used concomitantly with observations by the magnifying endoscope. PMID- 7302995 TI - Studies on structural lipids in the stratum corneum. AB - To determine the mode of existence of structural lipids in the stratum corneum, lipids induced in the thick horny cell layers of guinea pig skin by n-hexadecane treatment were analyzed. Total lipids in the stratum corneum were extracted by Folch's solution and the ratio of phospholipids to free cholesterol was 1:8. Lipids extracted by non-ionic surfactant treatment appeared to originate from both the cell surface and intercellular space of the stratum corneum and the ratio of free cholesterol to phospholipids in this lipid fraction was much higher than that in the total lipids of the stratum corneum extracted by Folch's solution. PMID- 7302997 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy with Krestin in acute leukemia. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if immunotherapy with Krestin can prolong the durations of complete remission and survival. The patients were placed at random in the chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy groups. The median durations of complete remission and survival were longer in the chemoimmunotherapy group than in the chemotherapy group. The complete remission rate of the second induction was higher in the chemoimmunotherapy group than in the chemotherapy group. The cell-mediated immunity was somewhat enhanced in the chemoimmunotherapy group, while it was not enhanced in the chemotherapy group. These results suggested that Krestin administration for maintenance therapy was useful for prolongation of the durations of remission and survival time in patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 7302998 TI - magnified endoscopic observations on the healing process of experimental ulcers. AB - Experimental gastric ulcers in the canine stomach were observed and followed up using a magnifying endoscope. There were differences in the healing processes between antral ulcers and ulcers on the corpus. Antral ulcers were healed linearly by epithelization with a glandular structure, and ulcers on the body were healed by covering with a singly layer of epithelium without pit-formation and the scar resembled a shallow depression. These differences were thought to be caused by differences in blood flow, mucosal regenerability and glandular structure. PMID- 7302999 TI - Liver injury due to drugs. AB - Although hepatic injury due to drugs plays only a minor role in comparison with the incidence of viral or alcoholic hepatitis, it is important to know about this form because it is an iatrogenic disease which the physician causes by the medical treatment he administers without being conscious of it. Yet awareness of the physician can prevent or rapidly reverse such injury. PMID- 7303000 TI - Etiology, pathogenesis and sequelae of chronic hepatitis. AB - Chronic hepatitis is the commonest clinical picture with liver involvement and regarded as the link between acute liver injury due to viruses or toxic noxae, and irreversible, complete hepatic cirrhosis. For reasons associated with diagnosis, prognosis and therapy it is essential that a distinction should be made based on the etiology and stage of the disease but assessment is only partly possible by clinical or biochemical procedures. This paper states etiology, pathogenesis and sequelae of chronic hepatitis on the basis of our cases. PMID- 7303001 TI - Effect of sex steroids on the uptake of 3H-leucine by brain tissues of ovariectomized mice. AB - Effect of the sex steroids, progesterone (P) and testosterone (T), on 3H-leucine uptake by the brain cells of ovariectomized mice were examined. Animals were divided into four groups, i.e. group 1: control animals treated with sesame oil; group 2: animals treated with P; group 3: animals treated with T, and group 4: animals first treated with T and then with P. Animals in each group were given a single i.p. injection of 3H-leucine 24 hr after the last hormonal treatment, and sacrificed 2 hr later. Intensity of the uptake of the radiochemical was measured by counting the number of reduced silver grains over cell bodies in various brain regions using an autoradiographic technique. Group 1 showed a relatively high uptake in the SO, PV and SPh when compared with that in the remaining nuclei examined. Groups 2 and 3 both showed a significant enhancement of the uptake in SCH, ARC and PM when compared with that in group 1. Group 4 showed enhancement of the uptake in most of the nuclei except POL, DM and SPH when compared with that in group 1. However, only the POM, PV, SO and VM revealed a significantly higher uptake than the respective nuclei in groups 2 and 3. The uptake by cells in the EC and CC remained unchanged after the hormonal treatment. The present results suggest that in female mice P or T stimulates protein synthesis in the hypothalamic nuclei and that the effect of P on protein synthesis is greatly influenced by T-priming. PMID- 7303002 TI - Immunological Considerations in patients with tonsillar lesions. AB - No abolition of functions from the clinical aspect was detected in most patients with tonsillectomies or adenotomies although there are some reports that tonsillectomy increases the susceptibility to subsequent development of Hodgkin's disease by 2.9 fold. Sequential investigations on the responsiveness of lymphocytes to various mitogens, and quantitative estimations of immunoglobulins and other humoral factors were carried out in 54 tonsillectomized and/or adenotomized patients of either sex between the ages of 4 and 55. The present findings showed abnormalities in lymphocyte responses to mitogens and the production of humoral factors in a few young patients post operatively, although they were not detected in adult patients during sequential observations. PMID- 7303003 TI - Molecular properties of cholera enteroxin. AB - The molecular properties of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin obtained from two different insitutions were studied. The preparations, which were purified by different methods, showed the same physicochemical properties. Ultracentrifugal analysis showed that the toxin had a molecular weight of 79,000, a sedimentation coefficient of 5.25 S and a diffusion coefficient of 6.02 D. When the toxin was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the A subunit with an apparent molecular weight of 31,000-32,000 was observed. Based of these findings and the molecular weight of the B subunit of 11,604 which was calculated from its primary structure, it is proposed that holotoxin is composed of one A subunit and four B subunits. PMID- 7303004 TI - Characterization of sicca symptoms in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and reports of six cases lacking subjective sicca features ("subclinical Sjogren's syndrome"). AB - We evaluated seventeen ocular and oral symptoms in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) to characterize the subjective sicca symptoms of this syndrome. The following eleven symptoms were characteristic in patients with SjS compared with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or healthy adults.: (1) decreased lachrymation, (2) ocular foreign body sensation, (3) ocular filmy sensation, (4) increased mucous discharge from the eyes, (5) thirsty sensation, (6) decreased salivation, (7) increased dental caries, (8) abnormal sense of taste, (9) difficulty in chewing, (10) dryness of the oral cavity, and (11) increased fluid intake with meals. Some of the symptoms were detectable in RA patients and healthy adults although the mean number of the positive symptoms was significantly higher in patients with SjS. The demonstration of three or more symptoms, therefore, will be sufficient in the consideration of the definite sicca features for this syndrome. The present studies also confirmed the chronological influence on the development of subjective sicca features in patients with SjS, and support our concept that patients lacking subjective sicca features are those in the early stages of this syndrome. Finally, six cases of SjS lacking subjective sicca features were described. PMID- 7303005 TI - Clinical report on hemodialysis in the Department of Transplantation, Tokai University School of Medicine. AB - The Department of Transplantation, Tokai University School of Medicine was opened in April 1975. There were 286 patients treated by regular hemodialysis and 30 transplantation patients in the five year period from 1975 to 1980 in our Department. The total number of patients treated by regular hemodialysis alive in June 30, 1980 was 244 (85.3%). In the regular hemodialysis group, the peak age was 30-39 years. The youngest patient was nine years old and the oldest was 85 years old. The male : female ratio of chronic renal failure patients treated by regular hemodialysis was 67 : 33%. The actual five-year survival rate for patients treated by regular hemodialysis was 82%. The most prominent cause of chronic renal failure was glomerulonephritis (86.6%). The major cause of death in regular dialysis patients was gastrointestinal hemorrhage (22.6%). We had 81 cases of acute renal failure and 20 (24.7%) of these patients were treated by hemodialysis. Six cases with no acute or chronic renal failure were treated by hemodialysis. PMID- 7303006 TI - Diseases and cancer rate of AMHTS examines in the Tokai University Hospital. AB - Studies were conducted on 10,261 subjects who had undergone checkups in an AMHTS (Automated Multiphasic Health Testing and Services) Center in the Tokai University Hospital. The breakdown of the screening at the time of the examinations was 48% abnormal and 52% borderline or normal. The disease ratio obtained in follow-up survey averaged 16% and increased as the subjects became older. There were 68 cancer patients, 0.7% of the total number of examinees, and it was found that 88% of the cancer cases definitely diagnosed as cancer within one year after the examinations received these diagnoses within three months from the day of the examinations. PMID- 7303007 TI - First rib resection in the treatment of the thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - The thoracic outlet syndrome is now generally accepted as an entity that involves all neurovascular compression symptoms of the upper extremities at the tight thoracic outlet. We have treated 19 patients who developed significant symptoms of neurological, arterial or venous compression. Twelve patients presented predominantly and their angiograms demonstrated tight thoracic outlets as the underlying cause of vascular compression. Twenty three first rib resections were performed through the transaxillary approach with apparently complete relief of the syndrome. The similar etiology of the thoracic outlet syndrome and subclavian vein thrombosis was discussed on the basis of angiographic findings. We emphasize to thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons that first rib removal through the transaxillary route is an easy and safe method as a modified thoracoplasty. PMID- 7303008 TI - Microtubules in experimental cataracts: disappearance of microtubules of epithelial cells and lens fibers in colchicine-induced cataracts. AB - Colchicine (1 approximately 2 X 10(-5) M), a microtubule inhibitor, was added to the organ cultures of rat crystalline lenses. 1. Wistar rats weighing 60-70 grams were used. Their crystalline lenses were cultured and the development of posterior subcortical cataracts became grossly evident in the 4-day-old culture. Corresponding to the posterior subcortical opacity which was macroscopically apparent, vacuole formation was noted in the posterior subcortical region under light microscopy. Layers of bladder cells also existed at the equator. 2. An organ culture was prepared from lenses of Wistar rats weighing 14 grams. On the second day, microtubules were observed in the epithelial cells and lens fibers of the control (normal) lens. In the colchicine (1 X 10(-5) M)-treated cataractous lenses, however, microtubules had disappeared both in the epithelial cells and in the lens fibers on the second day. The above findings suggested that the loss of microtubules had a significant effect on lens opacity in colchicine (1 X 10(-5) M)-treated experimental cataracts in vitro. PMID- 7303009 TI - Histopathology of reversible cataracts produced by hydroxyurea in vitro. AB - A DNA synthesis inhibitor, hydroxyurea (HU) (5 X 10(-2) M), was added to the organ culture medium for a rat crystalline lens (male, white Wistar rats weighing 100 g). 1. On the 3rd day, a macroscopic examination revealed diffuse opacity of the posterior capsule. Because of removal of HU from the culture medium on the 3rd day the crystalline lens had become lucid on the 6th day, approximately the same as that of the control on the 6th day. In a histopathological examination, the epithelial cells appeared to maintain a histo-architecture similar to that of the control. Lens fiber swelling was scarce at this time. 2. The crystalline lens cultured with HU showed diffuse opacity of the anterior capsule and localized opacity below the posterior capsule in a macroscopic examination on the 5th day. In histopathological examinations of the same culture, the lens epithelial cells and swelling of the lens fibers had disappeared. PMID- 7303010 TI - Selective IgM deficiency: a case study. AB - We experienced an 85-year-old male patient with selective IgM deficiency. The average levels of his serum immunoglobulins were as follows: IgG, 1,165 mg/dl, IgA 280 mg/dl, and IgM 17 mg/dl. The subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in this patient were normal, including normal numbers of IgM-bearing lymphocytes. Normal amounts of cells with cytoplasmic IgM were induced by in vitro addition of pokeweek mitogen, and no inhibitory cells or inhibitory factors for in vitro production of IgM were demonstrated in his blood. These results suggest that some defects similar to those in patients with selective IgA deficiency may play a role in the development of selective IgM deficiency. PMID- 7303011 TI - Recognition of two types of positive staining chromosomal material by manipulation of critical steps in the N-banding technique. AB - The nucleolar regions on chromosomes 1B and 6B of Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring wheat can reliably be observed after careful control of the Giemsa N banding technique. Identification of rye (Secale cereale) chromosomes using N banding is demonstrated and compared to a simple C-banding method. The N-banding in rye chromosomes and the nucleolar sites on 1B and 6B of wheat differ from the normal N-banding sites of wheat chromosomes. Further, the banding of these nucleolar regions and of the rye chromosomes does not reappear in preparations that have been retreated with hot acid buffer. These differences provide evidence for at least two types of chromatin that stain darkly (positively) using N banding. The critical procedures in the N-banding technique and the use of alternatives to 1 M NaH2PO4 buffer are discussed along with the possible basis of N-band formation. PMID- 7303012 TI - An alternative to the flat substrate method of preparing electron microscope autoradiographs. AB - Difficulty with flat substrate methods of preparing electron microscope autoradiographs has prompted reconsideration and refinement of a technique in which an electron microscope grid is placed beneath the specimen prior to dipping. This technique avoids the problems commonly associated with the direct application of emulsions to specimen grids, and should be considered as an alternative to flat substrate techniques when difficulty with these methods is encountered. PMID- 7303013 TI - A method for making ribbons of semithin plastic sections. AB - Epoxy resin sections form strong, heat resistant ribbons if, prior to sectioning, contact cement has been painted onto the leading and trailing faces of the block. The forming ribbon floats onto a drop of water held in place by a wax line drawn across the back of the glass knife parallel to the cutting edge. A long trough made from stainless steel tubing is inserted horizontally into the drop, and as the ribbon lengthens it is directed into the trough. The ribbon can be carried in the trough to a hot plate for expansion and then poured onto a slide for mounting. The serial ribbons obtainable by this simple procedure greatly facilitate three dimensional reconstruction of fine tissue structures. PMID- 7303014 TI - A rotating specimen holder for hard tissue sectioning. PMID- 7303015 TI - Replication of cell monolayers with the Bullivant-Ames freeze-fracture apparatus. PMID- 7303016 TI - A simple procedure for extracting methacrylic acid from water-miscible methacrylates. AB - A simple procedure for removing methacrylic acid from water-miscible methacrylates is described. One volume of monomer is diluted with 9 volumes of diethyl ether. Three consecutive extractions are carried out with 5% aqueous NaHCO3 at 4 C. Residual water is removed by shaking with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The ether is removed by flash evaporation on a Buchi Rotavapor. Weak alkali extraction produces good quality semithin sections which are free of background staining. This method may be a useful alternative to existing methods for removal of methacrylic acid. PMID- 7303017 TI - An improved method for the injection of crystalline horseradish peroxidase in neuroanatomical studies. AB - A simple, inexpensive method for the injection of crystalline horseradish peroxidase is described that uses glass micropipettes. The horseradish peroxidase is expelled from the pipette by a fine wire inserted to the end of the pipette. A clay plug prevents diffusion of HRP during the needle's descent. The technique enables the investigator to reliably produce small, densely labeled injection sites with minimal diffusion. Both the retrograde and anterograde transport seen using this method compare favorably with that seen using iontophoretic or pressure injection methods. PMID- 7303018 TI - [Risk factors for secondary diseases after therapy of hypernephromas (author's transl)]. AB - 93 patients who had been irradiated before or after surgery of a hypernephroma were checked up in order to find secondary diseases. The three-year survival rate was 76.2% and the five-year survival rate 63.6%. 34 patients suffered from secondary diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. Sixteen patients had died, three of them because of therapy effects, six because of tumor recurrences and seven because of other factors. Two patients had local recurrences. The following risk factors for secondary diseases were found: tumor site in the right kidney, NSD over 1430-1480 ret and transperitoneal nephrectomy. PMID- 7303019 TI - [Dose calculation and monitor calibration for irregularly shaped 15 MeV continuous radiation fields of a Clinac-20 linear accelerator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303020 TI - [Surface dose reduction achieved by means of a lead glass filter in case of teletherapy with Co 60 radiation (author's transl)]. AB - The surface dose of irradiated patients can be reduced by the insertion of a lead glass filter with a thickness of 4 mm at the ray emergence point of a Co 60 gammatron. The lead glass which is made stable against color alterations by radiation, will absorb the secondary electrons produced by the gamma radiation at the collimator and shutter system of the gammatron. The filter allows to reduce the surface dose in a tissue depth of 0,05 to 0,1 mm by a maximum rate of 16% according to the size of the irradiation field. Measurements were taken with a soft radiation chamber in several tissue depths within and outside the field using three different filtering methods (without any filter, 1 mm plexiglas, 4 mm lead glass). There are essential advantages for teletherapy of deep tumors by the use of a lead glass filter, so that the insertion of such a filter is recommended for all Co 60 units. PMID- 7303021 TI - [On the service life of tungsten wire cathodes in the ray generation system of a linear accelerator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303022 TI - Laser radiation therapy of skin melanoma. AB - Pulsed neodymium laser radiation was used for the treatment of 79 patients with cutaneous melanomas and 19 patients with melanoma metastases to the skin. The patients were followed up from 3 months up to 8 years. During this period local recurrences were detected in 2 cases. Out of 70 patients with cutaneous melanomas, who by the start of the treatment had no metastases in the regional lymph nodes or distant organs, metastases developed in 15 patients (21.4%). There are all reasons to consider pulsed laser radiation an effective means of treatment of some forms of skin melanoma. PMID- 7303023 TI - Investigation of immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes and plasma free hemoglobin in cancer patients on 60Co gamma-ray therapy. AB - 32 patients with different tumours were irradiated by 60Co gamma-rays. During therapy lasting for several weeks, changes in the content of immunoglobulin and of some other serum proteins, circulating immune complexes and plasma free hemoglobin were determined. Immunosuppression according to immunoglobulin content in serum was not produced by this type of radiation. Decrease in immune complex levels was a good prognostic sign. Low values of plasma hemoglobin content during treatment indicated that no erythrocyte membrane damage had been effected. PMID- 7303024 TI - Therapeutic effect of microwaves on radiation damage to haematopoiesis. PMID- 7303025 TI - RBEs of nuclear reactor beams and thermal neutrons in responses of B-16 melanoma. PMID- 7303026 TI - Prostatic cancer. I. 6-Methylene-4-pregnen-3-ones as irreversible inhibitors of rat prostatic delta 4-3 ketosteroid 5 alpha-reductase. AB - Some derivatives of 6-methylene-4-pregnen-3-one were studied as inhibitors of delta 4-3-ketosteroid 5 alpha-reductase. Maximum inhibitory activity was shown by 17-acetoxy-6-methylene-4-pregnene-3,20-dione (AMPD). Irreversible inactivation was observed following preincubation of the enzyme with NADPH and AMPD. This inactivation was found to occur only in the presence of NADPH. As such enzyme inactivation was not due to the formation of a more inhibitory metabolic product, or to the formation of superoxide via a cytochrome P-450/NADPH pathway, it seemed likely that the observed inactivation was derived from an irreversible combination of the enzyme with AMPD. That this was probably the case was established by kinetic studies which revealed a pattern compatible with a kcat type of mechanism. PMID- 7303027 TI - Synthesis of 16 alpha-bromoacetoxy androgens and 17 beta-bromoacetylamino-4 androsten-3-one: potential affinity labels of human placental aromatase. AB - A novel synthesis of 16 alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (3), 16 alpha hydroxy-4-androstene-3,6,17-trione (4), 17 beta-amino-5-androsten-3 beta-o1 (10) and 17 beta-amino-4-androsten-3-one (14) is described. 16 alpha-Bromoacetoxy-4 androstene-3,17-dione (5), 16 alpha-bromoacetoxy-4-androstene-3,6,17-trione (6) and 17 beta-bromoacetylamino-4-androsten-3-one (15) were synthesized as potentially selective irreversible inhibitors of androgen aromatases. 16 alpha Bromo-4-androstene-3,17-dione (1) and 16 alpha-bromo-4-androstene-3,6,17-trione (2) were converted to compounds 3 and 4 in 80-90% yield by controlled stereospecific hydrolysis using sodium hydroxide in aqueous pyridine. Reductive amination of 3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one and 3-methoxy-3,5-androstadien-17 one (11) using ammonium acetate and sodium cyanohydridoborate (NaBH3CN) and a subsequent treatment with acid gave the amines 10 and 14 respectively, as a salt. The corresponding 17-imino compounds 9 and 13 were also isolated from the reaction mixtures when methanol was used as a solvent for the reaction. The 16 alpha-hydroxyl compounds 3 and 4 and the 17 beta-amino compound 14 were converted to the corresponding bromoacetyl derivatives, 5, 6, and 15, with bromoacetic acid and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. PMID- 7303028 TI - A chemical approach to solving bridging phenomena in steroid radioimmunoassays. AB - Steroid radioimmunoassays (RIA) employ antibodies raised against a carrier protein-steroid conjugate. Individual antibodies may recognize the steroid, the protein or the chemical bridge used to join them together. Use of the same bridge in the tracer results in higher affinity binding of the tracer than the native ligand which in turn results in a loss of sensitivity and precision. We have greatly reduced bridge-binding in a RIA for androstenedione. Conjugates and radioiodinated labels were prepared with either an ester or either chemical bridge. By using an antibody and the corresponding label with the heterologous bridge very sensitive assays were obtained. PMID- 7303029 TI - The changing estrogen content of the nuclear fraction of human myometrium during labor. AB - The cytosol and nuclear fractions were prepared from 32 pieces of myometrium obtained from 20 elective cesarean sections (regarded as typical of quiescent pregnancy (P)) and 12 emergency cesareans (performed after labor had started and therefore taken as typical of labor (L)). The nuclear fraction was purified by standard procedures. All protein-bound estrogen was released from the nuclear fractions, and the released estrogen simultaneously solubilized by denaturation with ethanol. The estriol (E3) and estradiol (E2) content of the alcohol solutions were assayed by radioimmunoassay with highly specific antisera for E3 and E2. In the L group, average E3 content was slightly (not significantly) lower, and average E2 content was significantly (P less than 0.005) higher, than in the P group. The E3/E2 ratio decreased dramatically (P less than 0.001) during this change from P to L. PMID- 7303030 TI - Quantification of endogenous testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in fetal tissues from male guinea-pig. AB - Testosterone (17 beta -hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one ; T) and dihydrotestosterone (17 beta -hydroxy-5 alpha -androstan-3-one ; DHT) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in different fetal tissues taken from male guinea-pigs. Androgen concentrations were maximal in the components of the Wolffian duct (vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle) and the urogenital sinus (urogenital tubercle, prostate) when these tissues are differentiating between days 28 and 36 (T = 320 to 1450 and DHT = 200 to 860 pg/10 mg of tissue). During the same period circulating testosterone is taken up by the non-specific tissues (intestine, diaphragm) to a lesser degree (150 to 250 pg/10 mg) as well as by hypothalamus and hypophysis (100 to 170 pg/organ). After this uptake phase, T declines in the non-specific tissues to minimal concentrations (less than 10 pg/10 mg). Compared to the situations in the diaphragm and intestine, DHT concentrations were significantly higher in both urogenital sinus and Wolffian duct components, and T concentrations were significantly higher only in the Wolffian ducts components. In the bladder, T and DHT levels were significantly higher than those of the androgen-independent tissues. PMID- 7303031 TI - Distribution of 19-iodocholesterol-125I 3-acetate in the dog and the rat. AB - Since 19-iodocholesterol ethyl and methyl ethers and 3 beta-iodo-5-cholestene localized in dog adrenal, the distribution of 19-iodocholesterol 3-acetate was similarly studied. This ester was concentrated by the dog adrenal to the same extent as 19-iodocholesterol. Despite a previous report that the ester was not appreciably taken up by the rat adrenals, distribution experiments were undertaken, and the results showed that the ester preferentially localized in the adrenals of the rat as well as the dog. PMID- 7303032 TI - Quantitative requirements for NADPH in the support of aromatization by human placental microsomes. AB - Suitable incubation conditions were developed for reduced pyridine nucleotide protection and regeneration to permit quantitative assessment of the NADPH requirement for steroid aromatization by human placental microsomes. 10 mM dithiothreitol was found to protect NADP(H) from microsomal nucleotide pyrophosphatase and 2 mM nicotinamide mononucleotide was utilized to control nucleotide glycohydrolase activity. Under these assay conditions, the initial rates of aromatization obtained with restricted NADPH levels were critically dependent upon both the amount and the source of exogenous NADPH-regenerating dehydrogenase system. With excess Leuconostoc mesenteroides glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an apparent Km for NADPH of 0.20 microM was observed for aromatization which is significantly below all previous estimates of the NADPH requirement and which is at greatest only one-tenth the Km value for NADPH utilization by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. These findings suggest a potential regulatory role for both NADPH-generating and NADPH-accepting enzymes in the support of estrogen biosynthesis. PMID- 7303033 TI - Aromatization of testosterone in large and small bovine luteal cells. Conflicting results between radioimmunoassay and cocrystallization data. AB - The ability of isolated large or small bovine luteal cells to synthesize estradiol-17 beta was tested by incubations in the absence or in the presence of exogenous testosterone. Using a specific radioimmunoassay, no synthesis of estradiol-17 beta could be detected in the small or large luteal cells after incubation in the absence of testosterone. However, after incubation in the presence of exogenous unlabelled testosterone, radioimmunoassay data suggested the existence in the large but not the small luteal cells of synthesis of estradiol-17 beta. However, the results obtained by measuring the conversion of 3H-testosterone to 3H-estradiol-17 beta by cocrystallization with unlabelled estradiol-17 beta failed to confirm the presence of aromatase in the large cells. These data indicate that aromatization in large and small bovine luteal cells is probably negligible. Moreover, they cast serious doubt on studies of aromatization in luteal tissue based on radioimmunoassay data only. PMID- 7303034 TI - Rapid analysis of human fecal bile acids. AB - A rapid, accurate, precise method for determining human fecal bile acids is reported. Feces are homogenized and then briefly extracted with boiling absolute ethanol. A portion of the extract is evaporated to dryness and the residue heated with mild alkali to hydrolyze bile acid 3 alpha-hydroxyl esters. Aliquots of hydrolyzed crude extract are treated with resazurin reagent which effects a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions in which bile acid free 3 alpha-hydroxyls are first oxidized to 3-oxo-groups in a reaction catalyzed by 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Resulting protons are transferred to beta nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, yielding reduced beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (beta-NADH). beta-NADH then reduces nonfluorescent resazurin to fluorescent resorufin in a reaction catalyzed by diaphorase. Developed fluorescence, which is proportional to the extract aliquots bile acid content, is excited at 565 nm and read at 580 nm, wavelengths which lie in a spectral region in which there is minimal fecal pigment absorption. 3-Oxo-bile acids and bile acid 3 alpha-sulfates are extracted in the procedure but reduction and/or solvolysis is necessary before quantification. PMID- 7303035 TI - Rapid pulsatile corticosterone secretion in the rat is not confirmed. AB - We attempted to confirm and extend a previous suggestion by other workers that, in the rat, corticosterone may be released as a series of very short pulses with a period of one minute. We measured the corticosterone concentration in the blood of chronically cannulated, unanaesthetised male rats, repeatedly, at ten second intervals, for periods of up to 25 minutes while the rats were engaged in normal activity or sleep or were subject to acute or chronic stress. We could find no evidence of the proposed rapid pulsatile secretion and suggest that the earlier finding may have been artifactual. PMID- 7303036 TI - The role of cytochrome P-450 in the synthesis of polar metabolites of aldosterone by microsomes of male rat liver. AB - Among the tissues of the male rat studied, the largest quantities of the neutral polar metabolites of aldosterone were synthesized by the hepatic microsomal fraction. The polar metabolites of aldosterone were separated by HPLC into six peaks. Three peaks of non-polar (reduced) metabolites were also synthesized. Synthesis of at least four of the neutral polar metabolites was induced by phenobarbital and inhibited by both CO and SKF-525A. The rates of synthesis of these metabolites, which were linear up to 5 minutes, correlated well with the concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the liver microsomes. Addition of aldosterone to the microsomal fraction caused a pronounced type I change in the cytochrome P-450 spectrum. The half maximal spectral change (KS) for aldosterone was calculated to be 8 microM. These experiments indicate that the neutral polar metabolites of aldosterone are produced by cytochrome P-450 dependent hydroxy lations. PMID- 7303037 TI - Hyperprolactinemia in monkeys: induction by an estrogen-progesterone synergy. AB - To evaluate the synergistic effect of estrogens and progesterone on prolactin secretion, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys in the early follicular phase received estradiol benzoate (100 microgram/kg/day, sc) alone for 14 days, then in combination with progesterone (subcutaneous silastic capsule) for an additional 14 days. Blood was drawn daily by femoral venipuncture under ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia (15 mg/kg). Similarly, this protocol for exogenous steroid treatment was employed in a monkey having a chronically indwelling (femoral insertion into the vena cava) cannula maintained by a vest and mobile tether apparatus; however, no anesthesia was used to obtain serum specimens. In addition, this assembly was applied to six monkeys to determine the acute effects of ketamine hydrochloride on prolactin secretion. Concentrations of prolactin, estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone in serum were determined by conventional radioimmunoassays. Under estrogen therapy alone, mean circulating prolactin levels declined from approximately 15 to less than 5 ng/ml; in contrast, the addition of progesterone caused an abrupt serum prolactin elevation, approximately 8-12 fold. This estradiol-progesterone course led to sustained hyperprolactinemia in the chronically catheterized monkey, whereas ketamine administration raised serum prolactin only briefly, the elevation lasting less than three hours after injection. These findings establish that an estrogen progesterone synergy, separate from the transient effects of ketamine, induced hyperprolactinemia in cycling monkeys having prevailing levels of estrogen and progesterone near those characteristic of late gestation, when sustained prolactin elevations are observed normally. PMID- 7303038 TI - The preparation of bile acid amides and oxazolines. PMID- 7303039 TI - Minor and trace sterols from marine invertebrates 29. (22E)-ergosta-5,22,25-trien 3 beta-ol and (22E,24R)-24,26-dimethylcholesta-5,22,25(27)-trien-3 beta-ol. Two new marine sterols from the sponge Pseudaxinella lunacharta. PMID- 7303040 TI - Cerebrovascular disease in Utah, 1968--1971. AB - Utah mortality rates for cerebrovascular disease (ICD numbers 430--438) are 13% below U.S. rates. About 70% of Utahns are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly called Mormons of LDS, which proscribes use of tobacco and alcohol. Other studies on this group have found significantly lower occurrence of many cancers and ischemic heart disease. We tested the hypothesis that Utah's lower cerebrovascular disease (CBVD) mortality was contributed by the LDS population. We classified by religion all CBVD deaths (2,521) (except subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral embolism) occurring in the state in 1968- 1971. No significant difference was found between LDS and non-LDS, but both groups had mortality rates below U.S. expectation. Although recent studies have reported smoking to be a risk factor for CBVD, we found no consistent difference between the LDS and non-LDS, even in the younger age groups. The results do not support the hypothesis that tobacco is an important etiologic agent in CBVD mortality. PMID- 7303041 TI - Selective lenticulostriate occlusion in the primate. A highly focal cerebral ischemia model. AB - A highly reliable model for the study of focal cerebral ischemia has been developed using a retro-orbital approach to occlude the lateral lenticulostriate arteries of the baboon. An infarction of the caudate, putamen and the anterior limb of the internal capsule has consistently been produced. Reliability has been attained because the anatomical variations of the lenticulostriate arteries of each animal can be fully appraised, permitting selective vessel occlusion. A well defined clinical and radiographic lesion has also resulted from this procedure which was clinically well tolerated by all animals. Selective lenticulostriate occlusion provides a new approach to the study of focal cerebral ischemia in the sub-human primate, and serves for the evaluation of proposed therapies for treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. PMID- 7303042 TI - Treatment program and comparison between anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors after transient ischemic attack. AB - Transient cerebral ischemic attacks (TIA) are an important warning symptom of threatening stroke from cerebral infarction (CI). A local treatment program aimed at identifying as many individuals with TIA as possible and treating them in a uniform manner is desirable. Platelet aggregation inhibitors with a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole (ASA + DP) has been compared with anticoagulants (AC). The average length of treatment was 24 months and all patients received the treatment for at least 6 months. Sixty patients received AC and 65 ASA + DP. Four patients in the ASA + DP group (6 percent) and 2 in the AC group (3.3 percent) sustained cerebral infarction. These figures are essentially lower than the expected incidence of 15--20 percent. PMID- 7303043 TI - Simultaneous measurement of blood flow and glucose metabolism by autoradiographic techniques. AB - A double tracer autoradiographic technique using 131I-iodo-antipyrine and 14C deoxyglucose is presented for the simultaneous measurement of blood flow and cerebral glucose utilization in the same animal. 131I is a gamma emitting isotope with a half life of 8.06 days and can be detected with adequate resolution on standard autoradiographic films. Autoradiograms are made before and after decay of 131I; the time interval between the 2 exposures and the concentration of the 2 tracers is adjusted to avoid significant cross-contamination. In this way, 2 film exposures are obtained which can be processed quantitatively like single tracer autoradiograms. The validity of the method for the investigation of local coupling of flow and metabolism was tested under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Coupling was tight in barbiturate-anesthetized healthy animals, but not under halothane anesthesia where uncoupling occurred in various subcortical structures. Focal seizures induced by topical application of penicillin on the cortical surface led to a coupled increase of metabolism and flow in thalamic relay nuclei but not at the site of penicillin administration where increased glucose utilization was not accompanied by similar increase in blood flow. Both coupled and uncoupled increases in local glucose utilization were observed in spreading depression and in circumscribed areas of experimental brain tumors. The results obtained demonstrate that double tracer autoradiography allows allows the very precise local assessment of cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization, and, therefore, is particularly suited to the study of regional coupling processes under various experimental conditions. PMID- 7303044 TI - Use of 123I and 14C in a double radionuclide autoradiographic technique for simultaneous measurement of LCBF and LCMRgl. Theory and method. AB - We have developed an autoradiographic technique for the simultaneous measurement of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRgl) using 123I-iodoantipyrine and 14C-2-deoxyglucose respectively. By exploiting the different half-lives of 123I and 14C, 13.0 hours versus 5730 years, we produce 2 autoradiographic images. The first is predominantly a result of the 123I and the second is predominantly from the 14C. Because of the impracticality of making 123I standards, it was necessary to determine the constant which relates the ability of 123I, with respect to 14C, to expose Kodak SB-54 film, so that the 123I exposure could be quantified using 14C standards. Subtraction equations can then be used to solve for the local 123I and 14C concentrations. The technique was validated in conditions simulating a 12-fold decoupling of flow and metabolism and the standard deviation of error in measuring tracer concentrations was less than 6%. It was then used to measure these parameters in the normal awake rats and values obtained agreed well with published values from single radionuclide studies. The technique is expected to be useful in the simultaneous measurement of LCBF and LCMRgl in various physiologic or pathologic states, including those with significant decoupling of flow and metabolism. In addition, by using other tracers labelled with 123I and 14C, other parameters can be measured concurrently. PMID- 7303045 TI - Cerebral extraction of N-13 ammonia: its dependence on cerebral blood flow and capillary permeability -- surface area product. AB - 13N-labeled ammonia was used to investigate 1) the cerebral extraction and clearance of ammonia, 2) the mechanism by which capillaries accommodate changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and 3) its use for the measurement of CBF. The unidirectional extraction of 13NH3 in rhesus monkeys was measured during PaCO2 induced changes in CBF and dog studies were performed using in vitro tissue counting techniques to examine 13NH3 extraction in gray and white matter, mixed tissue and cerebellum during variations in CBF produced by combinations of embolization, local brain compression, and changes in PaCO2. The single pass extraction fraction of 13NH3 varied from about 70 to 20% over a CBF range of 12 to 140 cc/min/100 g. Capillary permeability-surface area product (PS) estimates with a Renkin/Crone model show PS increasing with CBF. The magnitude and rate of increase in PS with CBF was highest in gray matter greater than mixed tissue greater than white matter. Tissue extraction of 13NH3 vs CBF relationship was best described by a unidirectional transport model in which CBF increases by both recruitment of capillaries and by increases of blood velocity in open capillaries. This saturable-recruitment model provides a possible explanation for the mechanism of flow changes at the capillary level. The net 13NH3 extraction subsequent to an i.v. injection increases non-linearly with CBF. Doubling or halving basal CBF produced from 35 to 50% changes in the 13N tissue concentrations with further increases in CBF associated with progressively smaller changes in 13N concentrations. PMID- 7303046 TI - Influence of timing of admission after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage on overall outcome. Report of the cooperative aneurysm study. AB - The overall management results after aneurysmal rupture were studied in 158 patients admitted to the hospital on day 0--3 and 175 patients admitted on day 4- 7 following subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this series surgery was planned no sooner than 12 days following the ictus. Despite effective medical and surgical therapy overall results were disappointing: 3 months following the initial hemorrhage only 43% of patients in the 0--3 day group and 53% of patients in the 4--7 day group were capable of independent functional living. Patients admitted on days 4- 7 also had a lower mortality rate, re-bled less frequently, and had lower postoperative mortality and morbidity than those admitted on days 0--3. For reasons not well defined, time of admission following aneurysmal SAH has an important influence on outcome. Accordingly, in evaluating outcome for patients with ruptured aneurysms treated with different therapeutic modalities, time of admission must be carefully controlled. PMID- 7303047 TI - Physiological and morphometric analysis of the microcirculation of the cerebral cortex under acute vasospasm. AB - Tissue PO2 measurements with microelectrodes and morphometric analysis of capillaries were combined to investigate microcirculatory changes in cat brains subjected to vasospasm (superfusion of platelet-poor plasma). It can be shown that vasospasm leads to marked tissue hypoxia as illustrated by a drastic shift in the PO2 distribution within the cortical tissue. Morphological measurements of various capillary parameters demonstrated a marked constriction in precapillary segments as well as in capillaries themselves. This decrease in perfusion of the capillary bed could not be compensated for by increasing the systemic arterial blood pressure. Our results demonstrate that, even with a platelet-poor fraction, marked changes occur on a microcirculatory level in the cerebral cortex with vasospasm, which may not be detected by macroscopic techniques. PMID- 7303048 TI - Transient ischemic attacks and external carotid artery. A retrospective study of 23 patients with an occlusion of the internal carotid artery. AB - Twenty-three patients with occlusion of an internal carotid artery have been followed 5 to 50 months after angiography. None had a later permanent stroke. Eight had delayed TIAs in the occluded internal carotid area, never in another area. In these TIAs the role of the homolateral external carotid artery is emphasized, because in the 8 cases this artery was the main collateral to the occluded internal carotid, and angiography had shown atheromatous stenosis of homolateral external/common carotid arteries or an irregular stump at the site of the occlusion. Hemodynamic and embolic mechanisms are discussed, especially the latter, because of the absence of severe stenosis and evidence of emboligenic plaques. PMID- 7303049 TI - Marantic endocarditis in children and young adults: clinical and pathological findings. AB - The clinical and pathologic findings of 7 children and young adults with marantic endocarditis are reviewed. Cerebral embolic infarction attributable to the marantic vegetations occurred in 3 patients. The most common neurologic findings were altered mental status, seizures, and hemiplegia. Five of the 7 patients had had cardiac catheterization. Sepsis, pneumonia, hypoxia, disorders of coagulation, and renal failure were frequently present in these seriously ill patients. In each instance, the diagnosis of marantic endocarditis was unsuspected and established only at autopsy. PMID- 7303050 TI - Cerebral autoregulation: an in vitro study. AB - Cerebral autoregulation can be duplicated in vitro using the large middle cerebral arteries from a calf. The limits of autoregulation were between 50 and 150 mm Hg. Excessively high pressures may lead to the appearance of the "sausage- or bead-string" response followed by forced dilation. These results suggest the existence of an intrinsic myogenic mechanism responsive to intraluminal pressure changes. PMID- 7303051 TI - Chronic vascular changes in the walls of experimental berry aneurysms of the aortic bifurcation in rabbits. AB - Experimental berry aneurysms were fashioned from an autogenous venous transplant by microvascular surgery at the aortic bifurcation of rabbits maintained on a stock diet. Structural changes in the aneurysms and in the host aorta were studied for periods up to 3 years 9 months postoperatively. Phlebosclerosis developed in the aneurysms and progressed to severe fibrosis, calcification, ossification, mural thrombosis and lipid deposition resembling human atherosclerosis, with eventual loss of the media. The host aorta exhibited pronounced intimal thickening at the bifurcation. The experiments demonstrated the importance of hemodynamic stress in the accelerated production of the degenerative changes in the walls of berry aneurysms. PMID- 7303052 TI - Computed tomographic findings of good prognosis for hemiplegia in hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage. AB - Computed tomography (CT) findings were analyzed in 17 patients with hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage accompanied by hemiplegia which had subsided almost completely by conservative therapy within one month after the onset. In such patients a high density area was not seen at the level of the lateral ventricles on CT scan. To study the reason for this, the relationship between the extent of a hematoma and the level at which the pyramidal tract was destroyed was investigated. From consideration of the process of destruction of the pyramidal tract by a hematoma, it seemed that CT findings at the level of the bodies of the lateral ventricles, rather than at the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, were of value in evaluating the prognosis of hemiplegia in putaminal hemorrhage. PMID- 7303053 TI - Microangioarchitecture of rat parietal cortex with special reference to vascular "sphincters". Scanning electron microscopic and dark field microscopic study. AB - Microangioarchitecture of the rat parietal cortex was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and dark field microscopy. The richest supply of blood vessels in the parietal cortex was found in layer III + IV and layer V, where 2 isolated plexuses of microvessels were prominent. The appearance of the plexuses was quite different between motor and sensory areas. In the motor area the capillary plexuses were narrow and compact, while in sensory area the plexuses were wide and diffuse. Characteristic ring formations, called ring shaped-compressions in the present study, were frequently observed at branching sites of arterioles. The ring-shaped-compression probably corresponds to the precapillary sphincter. A similar structure was also seen in capillaries and venules and, therefore, it is likely that not only arterioles, but also capillaries and even venules, can actively change diameter to control cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7303054 TI - Effect of flow split on separation and stagnation in a model vascular bifurcation. AB - This is a study of the flow disturbance in a plastic model of an asymmetric vascular bifurcation. A sidearm was attached to the mainlimb at an angle of 15 degrees to the inlet flow axis. Water at steady flow was used and flow patterns were demonstrated by a dye injection technique. The proportion of inlet flow (Qi) exiting from the sidearm (Qs) was varied and flow patterns were recorded photographically. A laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) was used to measure near-wall velocity. At a physiologic Reynolds' number of 500, no flow disturbance occurred in the mainlimb when the sidearm was completely occluded. When the fraction of flow exiting from the sidearm (Qs/Qi) reached 0.19, a region of boundary layer separation developed along the wall of the mainlimb opposite the flow divider. This region of nearly static fluid spread circumferentially around the mainlimb as Qs/Qi increased. Near-wall velocity within the separation decreased and became negative when Qs/Qi = 0.31. When Qs/Qi reached 0.38, the separation enveloped the wall of the entire bifurcation with a shell of slowly moving fluid. At the same time, the rapidly moving mainstream impinged directly on the flow divider. There is a similarity between the region of separation seen in this model and the site of formation of atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid bifurcation. Separation may contribute to atherogenesis by creating a region of low wall shear at bifurcations. PMID- 7303055 TI - Post-ischemic hypermetabolism in cat brain. AB - Delayed postischemic brain hypoperfusion and hypermetabolism are likely detrimental factors to neurologic recovery after transient global brain ischemia and may be mediated by catecholamines acting via adrenergic receptors. We evaluated the effects of alpha and beta receptor blockade on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism after 16 min transient global brain ischemia. Ischemia was induced by arterial hypotension and a high pressure neck tourniquet in 13 anesthetized cats. Six cats were untreated, 4 received propranolol 1 mg/kg, IV and 3 a combination of propranolol and phentolamine, one mg/kg injected one min before recirculation. Total CBF was measured by continuous monitoring of cerebral venous 133Xe clearance after bolus intra-arterial injection. Arterial and cerebral venous oxygen, glucose and lactate were measured. Cerebral cortex glucose and lactate were measured 3 hours post-ischemia after in situ freezing with liquid N2. The cerebral cortex of 3 cats anesthetized, but not subjected to ischemia, was similarly frozen and analyzed for glucose and lactate. Total CBF was relatively constant for up to 3 h post-ischemia in all groups, but significant changes in fast and slow-flow rates and compartment sizes were observed. In untreated cats, the normal 60/40 percent relative weight of the fast and slow-flow compartments was reversed to 30/70 percent by 1 hr post-ischemia. Propranolol attenuated the size of the fast-flow compartment in the first 30 min post-ischemia which was partially restored by phentolamine. Brain oxygen consumption increased 2 to 3-fold by 1 h post-ischemia in all groups. Propranolol compromised CBF and impaired glucose and lactate oxidation which was partly reversed by phentolamine. We concluded that within the first 30 min post ischemia, beta, and to a lesser extent, alpha receptors predominate in the modulation of cerebrovascular tone. By 1 h post-ischemia, however, adrenergic modulation of cerebrovascular tone is lost. Delayed post-ischemic hypermetabolism unlike stress-induced, but like hypoxia-induced hypermetabolism is only partially affected by beta blockade. Propranolol apparently compromises brain oxygen consumption secondary to a reduction in brain O2 supply while phentolamine improves perfusion and oxygen consumption. PMID- 7303058 TI - Transient vertical monocular hemianopsia with anomalous retinal artery branching. AB - A 62-year-old man reported 6 stereotyped attacks of transient loss of vision in the lateral visual field of the right eye and was subsequently found to have right internal carotid artery occlusion. Fundoscopy revealed an anomalous central retinal artery branching whereby a single stem vessel supplied the superior and inferior nasal quadrants of the retina. Circulatory insufficiency in this anomalous stem could explain the occurrence of vertical monocular hemianopsia as an unusual manifestation of ipsilateral carotid artery atherosclerosis. PMID- 7303056 TI - A case for cerebral thromboangiitis obliterans. AB - The existence of cerebral thromboangiitis obliterans (CTAO) has been controversial. The clinical, laboratory and angiographic features of a young woman with recurrent thrombophlebitis, digital gangrene and a bilateral anterior opercular syndrome (Foix-Chavany-Marie) are reported. The cerebral angiogram demonstrated significant narrowing of fronto-opercular branches of both middle cerebral arteries. Histology of small digital muscular arteries revealed segmental adventitial fibrosis, narrowing or occlusion of lumen and mild lymphocitic infiltrates; occasional veins showed phlebitis. An etiologic relationship between cerebral occlusive disease and peripheral thromboangitis obliterans (TAO) is suggested. PMID- 7303057 TI - Iatrogenic carotid cavernous sinus syndrome. PMID- 7303059 TI - Effect of acute and chronic reduction of cerebral blood flow on glucose metabolite levels in SHRSP. AB - Glucose metabolites in the rat brain were measured under various stages of ischemia. In acute ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation, phosphocreatine and ATP levels were significantly decreased and lactate levels were significantly increased in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). These extreme changes were not observed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSR), under the same conditions. In chronic ischemia induced by long-lasting regional cerebral blood flow reduction due to severe hypertension, similar changes were observed only in SHRSP at the advanced stage. The levels of glucose metabolites in the brain were confirmed to be well maintained within control ranges even though the cerebral tissues were subjected to the chronic ischemia related to severe hypertension. PMID- 7303060 TI - Prosopagnosia, a transient ischemic attack. PMID- 7303061 TI - Oxygen and glucose consumption related to Na+-K+ transport in canine brain. AB - This study examines the relation between Na+-K+ transport and metabolism in the canine brain. Cerebral oxygen and glucose consumption was measured by the sagittal sinus outflow technique. Synaptic transmission and related metabolism was blocked by pentobarbital 40 mg/kg (EEG flat). Lidocaine blocked an additional 15-20%, presumable by restricting Na+-K+ leak fluxes and reducing the demand for Na+-K+ transport. Ouabain blocked an additional 20-25% of metabolism. Ouabain also inhibited the Na+-K+ sensitive ATPase associated transport and caused a net efflux of K+ from the cellular compartment as evidenced by an increasing extracellular K+ concentration in the cortex. Accordingly, a total of 40% of metabolism in te EEG-arrested barbiturate inhibited brain could be related to Na+ K+ leak fluxes and associated transport. The remaining 60% are related to processes unidentified by this study. It is concluded that cerebral metabolism may be reduced below the hitherto described barbiturate minimum. PMID- 7303062 TI - Prevention of recurrent stroke. AB - Victims of atherothrombotic infarction of the brain, the most common variety of stroke, frequently have recurrent strokes. Risk factors believed to accelerate such events include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic disease (of heart, aortocervical and intracranial vessels), erythrocythemia, stress, tobacco smoking, hyperuricemia, and perhaps obesity. Most prior studies indicate average anticipated 5 year mortality of 35 to 65 percent and stroke recurrence rate of 20 to 40 percent. A consistent effort to control risk factors in 88 survivors of a first cerebral infarction yielded 17 percent mortality and 16 percent stroke recurrence rates during the 5 years following first stroke. This sustained and systematic approach to risk factor management seemed beneficial to these stroke victims. PMID- 7303063 TI - Focal cerebral ischemia measured by the intra-arterial 133xenon method. Limitations of 2-dimensional blood flow measurements. AB - The limitations of 2-dimensional isotope techniques in the study of focal cerebral ischemia were investigated using the intra-carotid 133 xenon injection method and a 254 multidetector scintillation camera. To make sure that the detectors "look" directly on infarcted areas, only patients with infarcts involving cortical surface structures were included in the study. Eleven such patients were found among 43 consecutive patients with completed stroke, all investigated with CT-scan. The blood supply to the infarcted areas was evaluated using 3 different approaches: 1) The first minute washout of 133 xenon (rCBF), 2) the initial distribution of isotope during the first 5 sec and 3) the cumulated counts recorded during 15 min. Compton scatter and the "look through phenomenon" were responsible for the majority of counts recorded from the infarcted areas and the blood flow recorded was found to be grossly overestimated and much more influenced by the blood flow in the surroundings than in the ischemic area itself. However, using the 3 approaches, infarcted areas were always disclosed by our equipment. It is concluded that 2-dimensional isotope technique is not reliable for quantifying focal ischemic lesions. The method should be limited to the qualitative demonstration of the ischemic lesions for which it is fully reliable. PMID- 7303064 TI - Incidence of asymptomatic extracranial arterial disease. AB - Investigations of the incidence and the extent of the asymptomatic early stages of extracranial arterial disease (EAD) have been restricted for methodical reasons. Direct Continuous Wave-Doppler examination has given highly accurate results in the location and correct estimation of the degree of EAD both for the carotid (97%) and the vertebral arteries (90%), as shown from a detailed comparison with carotid (n = 604) and vertebral (n = 426) angiograms. Compared with this degree of reliability, the validity of normal auscultation for the diagnosis of EAD is shown to be poor: if bruits are taken as the only signs of associated EAD in patients with systemic atherosclerosis, only 27.6% in a group of 123 patients would have been correctly diagnosed. This parallels the number of false-positives (22.6%) in patients with normal results. The frequency and degree of EAD was studied by the use of direct Doppler examination in 2009 neurologically asymptomatic patients admitted either with severe vascular (n = 375) or coronary atherosclerosis (n = 262) or with high-risk factors (n = 1370). The frequency was significantly higher (32.8%) in patients with peripheral vascular disease than in those with coronary artery disease (6.8%) and in risk factor patients (5.9%). The combination and degree of vessel involvement are presented in detail and their possible prognostic significance discussed. PMID- 7303067 TI - Clinical-angiographic correlation of ophthalmodynamometry in patients with suspected carotid artery disease: a prospective study. AB - A prospective, clinical study was performed on patients with suspected carotid artery disease to compare the accuracy of compression and suction ophthalmodynamometry with carotid artery stenosis as determined by arteriography. Results were analyzed with respect to current criteria for classification and determination of "significant" carotid artery disease. Although our results suggest that the best correlation for both procedures with arteriography is a ratio of the corrected intraocular pressure to the systolic brachial blood pressure, these results were not statistically improved over those obtained using uncorrected systolic or diastolic values. Both suction and compression ophthalmodynamometry are equally accurate with levels approaching 80 percent; however, neither test is sensitive enough to be used alone as a screening technique. Arteriography remains the best procedure for the determination of carotid artery disease. PMID- 7303065 TI - Carotid occlusive disease: effect of complete occlusion of internal carotid artery on intraocular pulse/pressure relation and on ophthalmic arterial pressure. AB - The intraocular pressure (IOP), the intraocular pulse to pressure (pulse/pressure) relationship, and the ophthalmic arterial pressure have been measured in 20 patients with either unilateral or bilateral hemodynamically significant lesions of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) as determined from arteriography. Studies were repeated in 5 of hte patients after surgical endarterectomy on the obstructed ICA. In age matched normal subjects the pulse/pressure relations were symmetrical in pairs of eyes, and the ophthalmic arterial systolic pressure was 89.0 +/- 2.1 mm Hg; this was 66 +/- 1% of the brachial arterial systolic pressure. In 19 of 20 patients with carotid occlusive disease in this study the IOP, pulse amplitudes and the pulse/pressure relationships differed in pairs of eyes. The ophthalmic arterial systolic pressure on the sides with 95 to 100% ICA stenosis was 49.9 +/- 4.05 mm Hg, which was 33 +/- 3% of the brachial arterial systolic pressure. In the remaining eyes the degree of stenosis of the ipsilateral ICA was 36.5 +/- 7.9%; the corresponding eyes had an ophthalmic arterial systolic pressure of 70.f1 +/- 51.18 mm Hg, which was 45 +/- 4% of the brachial arterial systolic pressure. Endarterectromy of the occluded arteries caused a significant increase in the ophthalmic arterial pressure on the ipsilateral side and a smaller increase in the contralateral eye; these changes were associated with a statistically significant increase in the intraocular pulse and improvement in the pulse/pressure relation. PMID- 7303066 TI - Transient ischemic attacks and strokes with recovery prognosis and investigation. AB - This study analyzes 234 patients who recovered from an initial ischemic episode. The object was to see if the duration of the first episode influenced the chance of finding a treatable lesion or the chance of a further episode. The initial episodes varied from less than 5 minutes to longer than 3 weeks. There seemed to be no fundamental difference between transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) (less than 24 hours) and strokes which recover. However, 51% of those whose initial episode lasted less than 5 minutes had a subsequent stroke compared to 28% of those with an initial episode of more than 24 hours duration. Thirty percent of the former group who had angiograms had an operable lesion against 10% in the latter group. It seems that angiography has sufficiently high yield to be warranted in all patients where the initial attack lasted less than 30 minutes. In those with longer attacks the yield from angiography was much lower and noninvasive techniques should be considered in these patients, where available, prior to consideration for angiography. Investigation should be based on the degree of functional recovery and not on the arbitrary time division which normally divides TIAs and strokes. Bruits were the most reliable clinical indicators of stenosis. However the presence of intermittent claudication, hypertension and age over 50 were all more common in those with carotid stenosis. PMID- 7303068 TI - Changes in vasoactive properties of blood products with time and attempted identification of the spasmogens. AB - The contractile activity of various fresh, or incubated blood fractions was studied in vitro using the isolated canine basilar artery. Significantly greater contraction was induced by fresh platelet rich plasma (PRP) and serum compared to red blood cells (RBC). Following incubation, the contractile activity of RBC increased, reaching a plateau at day-3 and it was maintained for at least 14 days, while both PRP and serum lost most of their activity after 24 h of incubation. The contractions induced by fresh blood fractions were only partially blocked by desensitization of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors or by the 5-HT antagonist methysergide. D-600 effectively antagonized the response to all blood fractions. Biochemical analysis of the incubated RBC by means of Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography and SDS-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the contractile substance possessed a molecular weight of about 60,000 daltons. Vasoactivity was only present in one peak of the chromatographically eluted fractions which was shown to possess a similar absorption spectrum to that of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin concentration was highest in day 3, 7, and 14 fractions and may be correlated with the contractile activity of incubated samples. PMID- 7303069 TI - Platelet embolism in rabbit brain. AB - Transient cerebral ischemia was induced in rabbits by selective infusion of arachidonic acid (0.35 mg/kg in 15 sec) into the internal carotid artery. Platelet emboli caused transient ischemia of the brain, reaching a maximum within a few seconds after injection. After embolism the EEG flattened, blood flow stopped in almost the entire injected hemisphere, cortical pH gradually fell from 7.31 +/- 0.09 to 7.05 +/- 0.10 and cortical K+ activity rose from 4.7 +/- 1.8 to 12.7 +/- 6.4 mmol/kg H2O. Complete ischemia lasted 3-5 min; then cerebral circulation was gradually restored without reactive hyperemia. Forty-five min after embolization, circulation had been resumed in almost the entire injected hemisphere, whereas metabolic changes were still disturbed. Eighty percent of the animals recovered complete neurological function and 20% showed permanent damage confirmed by histological examination after 1 week of recovery. PMID- 7303070 TI - Quantitative carotid phonoangiography. AB - One hundred and sixteen carotid artery bruits were assessed using quantitative phonoangiography (spectral bruit analysis - SBA). This technique uses the averaged break frequency of the bruit to calculate the diameter of he residual lumen at the site of stenosis. Biplanar contrast arteriography was performed on 43 (37%) of the sides. All 116 sides were also evaluated with an ultrasonic Duplex scanner. Ten (8.6%) bruits could not be analyzed by the SBA, leaving 106 sides in which the residual lumen diameter could be estimated. The diameter of the vessel at the site of stenosis estimated by SBA and arteriography were compared and found to agree within 1 mm of each other in 85% of patients. A linear relationship was demonstrated between absolute lumen diameter and percent stenosis as measured from the arteriograms, but we were unable to correlate the absolute diameter of hte residual lumen as assessed by arteriography or SBA with the assessment of the degree of the stenosis derived from spectral analysis of the pulsed Doppler signal. The significance of these findings is discussed with relevance to the clinical application of spectral bruit analysis. PMID- 7303071 TI - Ventricular fibrillation in the cat: a model for global cerebral ischemia. AB - A minimally invasive and standardized means of resuscitating cats from defined periods of ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been developed using methods little different from human cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques. After a 12 min arrest, the rate of successful resuscitation is greater than 90%, witha resuscitation time of 2.5 +/- 0.7 (SD) min, and a 7 day survival of 70%. All deaths could be related to a specific electroencephalographic event observed acutely post-resuscitation, and were not due to obvious non-neurologic complications. The post-arrest variation in a variety of parameters (blood pressure, blood gases, etc.) was minimal, and the degree of neurologic damage was severe enough to permit evaluation. Such a model is clinically relevant, and may be useful in studying the pathophysiology of global ischemia, and assessing different types of post-arrest therapy. PMID- 7303072 TI - Changes in frequency of cerebrovascular diseases in Oslo, Norway, 1958-1977. An autopsy study. AB - The frequency of lethal stroke was examined over a 20-year period in a large collection of autopsy material and was compared with the official mortality statistics for the same period. The frequency of lethal stroke in the autopsy material was calculated as a percentage of the total number of autopsied patients in the corresponding age groups. The frequency of strokes found in mortality statistics was calculated as a percentage of all deaths in the corresponding age groups. In the autopsy material the over-all stroke frequency fell by 14 percent. For patients between 40 and 69 years the decline was 25 percent while for patients over 70 years only a minor drop was observed. The most marked decline was 25 percent while for patients over 70 years only a minor drop was observed. The most marked decline was found for intracerebral hemorrhage which decreased by 70 percent in patients between 40 and 69 and by 33 percent for those over 70. For brain infarction the decline was 32 percent in the youngest age group while patients over 70 showed no decrease at all. MOrtality statistics showed a steady decline in the frequency of stroke death and the overall figures in the 2 sources were similar. Figures fo the stroke sub-groups (brain infarction and intracranial hemorrhage) were markedly different from those found in the autopsy records. Frequency of hemorrhage was several times greater than that of infarction in mortality statistics while the reverse was true in the autopsy records. The sources of error are discusses for both materials. It is concluded that the over all figures for stroke deaths are largely reliable for both autopsy records and mortality statistics. In the mortality statistics the separate figures for hemorrhages and infarction were not correct and long term changes in frequency of these conditions would be interpreted with caution. The figures from the autopsy material are considered to be more reliable and it is concluded that the decline in hemorrhage and infarction described is real. PMID- 7303073 TI - Blood filtrability in cerebrovascular disorders, with special reference to erythrocyte deformability and ATP content. AB - Erythrocyte deformability was determined in 48 patients with cerebrovascular disease and 116 healthy controls as an index of blood filtrability in microcirculation. Hemo-rheological and blood chemical changes were also studied to assess their effect on filtrability. Erythrocyte deformability, determined by Reid's method, was expressed as the deformability index (DI). DI and ATP levels decreased with advancing age in controls and patients; these levels were lower in patients. In the controls, DI was inversely proportional to hematocrit, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and lactate; in patients, it was directly proportional to albumin. There were no significant differences in DI and ATP levels in patients with cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. The values for DI and ATP levels were the same in arterial and venous blood. PMID- 7303074 TI - Internal carotid occlusion: volume of cerebral infarction, clinical findings, and prognosis. AB - Clinical, angiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings, and the volume of an infarcted area as estimated from tomograms, were evaluated in 26 patients with proven, unilateral, internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. The volume of cerebral infarction (CI) ranged from 0 cm3 to 200 cm3. It was shown that the CI volume in the group of patients with good collateral flow was smaller than that in the group with poor or no collaterals (p less than 0.05). It was also found that the smaller the volume of infarcted area, the better the patient's ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADL). The volume of infarction in patients without disturbance of consciousness was smaller than in patients with such disturbance. Thirteen of 15 patients with infarction of less than 50 cm3 eventually showed good ADL. The patients with a deeply located infarction had a good prognosis and no disturbance of consciousness. In patients with superficial infarction there were relationship between the volume of infarction and prognosis, and between the volume and disturbance of consciousness. It is concluded that estimation of the volume of an infarcted area is important in assessing the clinical state and prognosis in patients with ICA occlusion. PMID- 7303075 TI - Vascular supply pattern to rat caudatoputamen and globus pallidus: scanning electronmicroscopic study of vascular endocasts of stroke-prone vessels. AB - The caudatoputamen (CP) and globus pallidus (GP) are supplied by vessels often involved with stroke in both rat and human. The pattern of vascular supply to the CP and GP in rat has, in contrast to humans, been only partially described. The vascular pattern to the rat CP and GP is described utilizing vascular endocasts and scanning electronmicroscopy in aging, normotensive rats. Endocasts were produced by intra-cardiac infusion of Batson's Corrosion Compound. The vascular pattern is complex, involving 1) recurrent vessels from the anterior cerebral artery, 2) branches from the arterial circle rostral or caudal to the origin of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), 3) up to 6 branches from the MCA, and 4) 2 major branches from the caudal part of the arterial circle. The vessels in groups 1--3 were serpentine, their luminal diameters abruptly reduced at branch points, and the angle of departure from the parent vessels approximated 90 degrees. These vessels supplied much of the CP and GP, while group 4 supplied the caudal CP with vessels arranged in a lattice-like fashion from the 2 penetrating parental arteries. PMID- 7303076 TI - Permeability of intracranial extracerebral vessels in stroke-prone SHR. AB - Permeability of intracranial extracerebral arteries of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) was studied using labeling techniques (ferritin and horseradish peroxidase), at the cellular level. In the arterial endothelial cells, the tracer molecules were slowly but constantly transported by the plasmalemmal vesicles to the subendothelial space. This endothelial transportation of the tracers into these cerebral arteries did not seem to be significantly influenced by aging, increased blood pressure, hyperlipidemia or the existence of cerebral bleeding and infarction. Around the adventitia, there were a great number of periadventitial capillaries, especially near bifurcations. In the periadventitial capillaries, the tracer molecules were readily trapped by endothelial cells and were quickly transported to pericapillary spaces. The tracer molecules were then detected in the phagocytes adjacent to the deeper layers of the media, and further in the medial smooth muscle cells. The possibility that large amounts of plasma components are supplied to the media from periadventitial capillaries in the intracranial extracerebral arteries has to be considered in the pathogenic mechanisms of cerebrovascular lesions. PMID- 7303077 TI - Cerebral oxygen availability and blood flow during middle cerebral artery occlusion: effects of pentobarbital. AB - To determine whether barbiturate administration can improve oxygenation, oxygen availability (aO2) and local cortical blood flow (ICBF) were measured in cats before and during middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using 10 platinum electrodes distributed over the cortex. Halothane/N2O anesthesia was used during the surgical preparation and N2O with a relaxant thereafter. After 15 to 30 min of MCAO, 50 mg/kg of pentobarbital was infused slowly. Measured from electrodes in severely ischemic cortex, aO2 increased if the blood pressure was maintained with dopamine. Control animals in which no pentobarbital was given showed no change in aO2 over the same period of time. In areas of cortex not affected by middle cerebral artery occlusion the aO2 did not change from control values despite a decrease in blood flow from 72.7 +/- 49.8 to 48.9 +/- 26.7 ml/min/100 g. Thus, pentobarbital appears to decrease ICBF and metabolism proportionally in well perfused cortex so that aO2 remains constant, while improving the flow to metabolism ratio in poorly perfused cortex so that aO2 rises. PMID- 7303078 TI - Transient embolic aorto-arteritis. Presentation of a patient. AB - The clinical and postmortem data from a 14-year-old girl who had transient embolic aorto-arteritis are presented. This disease was first described in 1974 by Peiris and Wickremasinghe in Hindu patients and is characterized by repetitive embolic occlusion of intra- and extracranial vessels of the brain, originating from focal thrombotic lesions in the aorta and its primary branches. The main histopathological lesion is located in the elastic tissue of the media in these arteries with alterations that vary from mild arteritis of the vasa vasorum to degeneration and destruction of the media which predisposes to aneurysm formation. This new entity apparently affects only adolescents and young adults and has no relation to atherosclerosis or other non-specific arteritides previously described. To our knowledge, this is the first such patient reported in America. PMID- 7303079 TI - Changes in local cerebral blood flow following bilateral carotid occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - Local blood flow in the cortex and thalamus was measured by the hydrogen clearance method in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (NTR) before and after bilateral carotid occlusion. There were no differences in the resting blood flow values between SHR and NTR. Following carotid occlusion cortical blood flow in SHR was markedly reduced to 17% of the resting level at 1 h and, further, to less than 10% at 3--5 h period, while in NTR it decreased only to 36--38% during 5 h occlusion. Thalamic blood flow in SHR was decreased to 39% at 1 hr and to below 20% at 3--5 h, while in NTR it remained approximately 40% of the resting level during 5 h occlusion. The blood flow reduction in either cortex or thalamus after carotid occlusion was much greater in SHR than in NTR. This difference was highly significant. The increased cerebral vascular resistance caused by persistent hypertension may play an important role in a greater reduction of blood flow in SHR after carotid occlusion. Relation of the blood flow reduction to the brain metabolism is discussed. PMID- 7303080 TI - Demyelinating disease presenting as Wallenberg's syndrome. Report of a patient. PMID- 7303082 TI - [Introduction (from the surgical view)]. PMID- 7303081 TI - Complications of lumbar puncture followed by anticoagulation. AB - The complications associated with lumbar puncture (LP) were compared in 2 groups of 342 patients. The first group of patients was anticoagulated after the LP, and the second was not. The incidence of minor headache or back pain was similar in the 2 groups (Group 1--62%, Group 2--64%). The anticoagulated patients had a higher incidence of paraparesis (Group 1, 5 patients, Group 2, No patients; p less than .05) and severe back or lumbosacral radicular pain lasting more than 48 hours (Group 1, 18 patients, Group 2, 6 patients; p less than .025). Seven of the anticoagulated patients developed spinal hematomas (5 with paraparesis, 2 with severe back pain). Among the anticoagulated patients the risk of a major complication was increased by a traumatic LP (p less than .001), starting anticoagulation within one hour of the LP (p less than .001), or aspirin treatment at the time of the LP (p less than .001). This study suggests that if LP is done, delaying anticoagulation for at least one hour and avoiding concurrent aspirin therapy may decrease the risk of developing an extraparenchymal spinal hematoma. PMID- 7303083 TI - [Introduction (form the radiologic view)]. PMID- 7303084 TI - [Computer tomographic course controls after brain tumor radiotherapy]. PMID- 7303085 TI - [Radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with reference to the staging laparotomy. Results in 247 patients]. PMID- 7303086 TI - [Computer tomographic volume and density determinations of irradiated brain tumors]. PMID- 7303087 TI - [Modification of cellular radiation sensitivity by extracellular hydrogen ion concentration--an explanation of radiation resistance of brain neoplasms?]. PMID- 7303088 TI - [Preliminary irradiation of tumors from the view of the radiation biologist]. PMID- 7303089 TI - [Short term preliminary irradiation from the view of the radiotherapist]. PMID- 7303090 TI - [Preliminary irradiation from the view of the surgeon]. PMID- 7303091 TI - [Exploratory laparotomy in solid tumors]. PMID- 7303092 TI - [Preliminary irradiation of lost material]. PMID- 7303093 TI - Renal cell carcinoma trial. PMID- 7303094 TI - [Experimental and clinical examination of preliminary irradiation of the hypernephroma]. PMID- 7303095 TI - [Preoperative irradiation of hypernephroid cancer from the urologic view]. PMID- 7303096 TI - [Preliminary irradiation of otorhinolaryngologic neoplasms]. PMID- 7303097 TI - [Preliminary irradiation of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7303098 TI - [Results of preliminary irradiation in rectal cancer with reference to side effects]. PMID- 7303099 TI - [Combination of pre- and postoperative irradiation in rectal cancer]. PMID- 7303100 TI - [Histo-morphologic findings and first clinical results after preoperative short term preliminary irradiation with telecobalt in patients with epidermoid cancers of the mouth floor]. PMID- 7303101 TI - [Bladder cancer of the stage T3 results of pure, preoperative and postoperative radiation treatment]. PMID- 7303102 TI - [Old and new aspects of combined therapy in gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 7303104 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects during the treatment of gynecologic cancer patients]. PMID- 7303103 TI - [Surgical staging in bronchial cancer]. PMID- 7303105 TI - [Contributions of roentgen diagnosis to the optimization of combined treatment of gynecologic cancers--routine methods, including lympography]. PMID- 7303106 TI - [Therapy-independent prognosis of malignant tumors]. PMID- 7303107 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of gynecologic tumors with special reference to computer tomography]. PMID- 7303108 TI - [The combination of surgery and radiotherapy from the view of the surgeon in ovarian and endometrial cancer]. PMID- 7303110 TI - [Indications for postoperative radiotherapy in cervix and endometrium cancer]. PMID- 7303109 TI - [Combined treatment of corpus cancer. Results and side effects in 496 patients]. PMID- 7303111 TI - [The role of preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of collum cancer- computerized analysis of patient data]. PMID- 7303113 TI - [Information possibilities of pathology after radiotherapy treatment of malignant tumors]. PMID- 7303114 TI - [The position of surgery and irradiation in the treatment strategy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7303115 TI - [Biopsy]. PMID- 7303112 TI - [Megavolt radiotherapy of xenotransplated human ovarian, endometrial and cervix cancers]. PMID- 7303116 TI - [Carrying out of surgical and radiologic therapy in relation to tumor type and spreading state in breast cancer]. PMID- 7303117 TI - [Remote afterloading procedures]. PMID- 7303118 TI - [The therapeutic dosage play room in short term afterloading therapy in gynecology]. PMID- 7303119 TI - The advantages of remote afterloading within the selectron system. PMID- 7303120 TI - [Limits of tumor surgery]. PMID- 7303121 TI - ["Current problems of surgical oncology in relation to radiotherapy" round table conversation and discussion]. PMID- 7303122 TI - [Position of interstitial iridium brachytherapy]. PMID- 7303123 TI - 125I seen implantation as a surgical adjuvant in head and neck cancers. PMID- 7303124 TI - Interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of lung cancer. PMID- 7303125 TI - Interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of prostatic cancer. PMID- 7303126 TI - [Interstitial radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer]. PMID- 7303127 TI - [Staging laparotomy with the example of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 7303128 TI - [Lymphadenectomy and surgical procedures in interstitial therapy of prostate cancer]. PMID- 7303129 TI - [Optimized interstitial afterloading therapy]. PMID- 7303130 TI - [Interstitial therapy of tongue cancer with gold-198]. PMID- 7303131 TI - [The possibilities of intracavitary 60Co-treatment, based on computer assisted therapy planning in ethmoidomaxillary tumors]. PMID- 7303132 TI - Haptoglobin polymorphism and its relationship to malaria infections in The Gambia. AB - The haptoglobin (Hp) status of the population of Keneba, The Gambia was investigated. Of the 825 persons examined 22.9% were ahaptoglobinaemic (HpO). The incidence of HpO was higher in the 209 persons showing malaria parasites in their blood (38.8%) than in non-parasitaemic individuals (17.5%). Children less than two years old had low incidences of HpO except in the first two months of life. After two years the incidence rose with little tendency to change in older age groups. No correlations were seen between HpO and sex, anaemia or sickle cell trait. However, a positive correlation was found with malariometric indices in all age groups except the two to four years. The Hp of individuals was found to be unstable suggesting that in Africans it is a poor genetic marker. These results indicate that Hp is utilized in removing free haemoglobin liberated intravascularly, during malaria infections and that although this is a major cause of the high incidence of HpO in The Gambia, other factors are also important. PMID- 7303133 TI - Porphyria cutanea tarda in Ethiopia. AB - The clinical, biochemical and histological features of 75 Ethiopians with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) are described. PCT in Ethiopia is definitely related to alcohol abuse and there is no clinical evidence for hereditary predisposition. Significant elevation of transaminases and bromsulphthalein retention, moderate to marked hepatic siderosis and inflammation with little or no fibrosis, suggestive of mild or likely reversible parenchymal changes, characterize the liver affection in these patients. A similar study of 18 patients with hyperpigmentation of the face and hands but without blisters, an unexplained but common feature of liver disease in Ethiopia, revealed that serum iron and urinary uroporphyrin levels were normal in eight but significantly elevated in ten (56%). Neither elevated serum iron and hepatic siderosis nor increased urinary uroporphyrin completely explains the hyperpigmentation in this group of patients. PMID- 7303134 TI - Cell-mediated immune assay in children with Schistosoma haematobium infection and the effect of niridazole therapy. AB - Forty-five children with Schistosoma haematobium infections were studied utilizing a whole-blood culture technique to assay lymphocyte blast transformation responses. The mitogenic lectins, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweek mitogen (PWM), and heterologous schistosomal antigens from adult worms and eggs were used. Responsiveness to PHA was intact but PWM responses were significantly impaired. Varying responses to schistosomal adult worm antigens were evident. Responses to soluble egg antigens were consistently low. No correlation of lymphocyte transformation responses was evident with egg excretion rates or clinical data. Treatment, primarily with niridazole, resulted in augmented cellular immune responses to PHA, PWM and adult worm antigens and two and eight weeks post-therapy. Anti-egg antigen responses did not significantly change. It was evident that niridazole did not induce cellular immunodepression. The role of schistosome-specific immune modulation is discussed. PMID- 7303135 TI - Weanling diarrhoea in The Gambia: implications of a jejunal intubation study. AB - Abnormalities in jejunal flora and bile salt metabolism were most marked in the youngest members of a group of Gambian village children in the weanling age group. These may be linked with the profound change in diarrhoeal morbidity, particularly diarrhoea-induced growth impairment, which occurs as soon as breast fed infants are regularly supplemented. The pathogenesis of these changes is not understand. The presence of small bowel colonization did not appear to be a causal factor but, it is speculated, its appearance may mark the development of a post-enteritis enteropathy which is responsible for the weanling diarrhoea syndrome and which is caused and perpetuated by traditional weaning foods. PMID- 7303136 TI - Heat-labile and heat-stable anti-schistosomular antibodies in Kenyan schoolchildren infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Two in vitro cytotoxicity assays using 51Cr-labelled Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula were performed on serum samples collected from 91 schoolchildren infected with S. mansoni from Machakos District, Kenya. One assay, which is believed to detect IgE/antigen complexes, uses unheated serum and human monocytes; the other, believed to detect IgG antibodies, uses heat-inactivated serum and unpurified peripheral blood leucocytes. Analysis of the data was complicated because the children were drawn from two separate studies and the data was extremely variable, probably because of the manner in which infections are acquired under natural conditions. There was a strong, positive regression of intensity of infection on age of the children, and evidence that IgG, but not IgE, activity was related to intensity of infection. There was no clear-cut relationship of IgE and IgG activities with the age of the children, and little evidence of any correlation between IgE and IgG activities within individual children. The implications of this latter dissociation and the possibility of either mechanism acting as the effector mechanism for concomitant immunity in man are discussed in the light of these results. PMID- 7303137 TI - A three year follow-up of chemotherapy with oxamniquine in a Brazilian community with endemic schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Oral oxamniquine was tested as a control strategy for endemic schistosomiasis in a rural area of Bahia, Brazil. Adults were treated with a single dose (12.5 to 15 mg per kg) and children (less than 12 years old) with a total of 20 mg per kg in two doses. The 191 (infected) persons treated represented 69% of the infected population in the study area. Follow-up stool examinations (Kato-Katz method) at one, 3, 6, 13, 25 and 33 months showed the cure rate declining from 80% at three months to 46% at 33 months. Over one half of those not cured showed a decrease in egg counts throughout the follow-up which, after 33 months, remained 66% below the pre-treatment levels. Stool examinations conducted on all study area residents during three years before chemotherapy showed the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection to be high and stable. 33 months after the chemotherapy the prevalence was 41% and for infected individuals the geometric mean egg count was 121 epg, a decline of respectively 35% and 40% from pre-treatment levels for each index. Chemotherapy of infected persons with oxamniquine protected the community as a whole from high worm burdens for almost three years, although at this point the prevalence began to rise towards pretreatment levels. PMID- 7303138 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses among wild birds in the Krishna-Godavari Delta, Andhra Pradesh, India. AB - In the Krishna-Godavari Delta region of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India, 866 sera obtained from trapped birds of 13 species were tested for neutralizing antibody to Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus; two species of birds belonging to the family Ardeidae, Ardeola grayii (pond heron) and Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret), contributed 514 of these sera. Neutralizing antibody to JE virus--i.e. sera giving positive reactions--was detected in 179 sera (34.8%) from these two species; in addition, two sera (0.4%) gave equivocal reactions, presumably indicating partial protection. There were only nine positive reactors (2.6%) among the remaining 352 sera from all other bird species. Of the 181 sera from ardeid birds in which neutralizing activity was detected, 174 were tested for neutralizing antibody to West Nile (WN) virus. The results indicated that 35.6% of these 179 sera had antibody specific to JE virus only and 63.8% possessed neutralizing antibodies to JE virus or to WN virus or to both; these figures represent 12.5% and 22.5% , respectively, of the total of 514 birds of these two species which were tested for neutralizing antibody to JE virus. The findings suggest that ardeid birds may be involved in the natural cycle of JE virus and, possibly, also of WN virus in India. PMID- 7303139 TI - The antigenic variation of Vibrio cholerae in a newly-infected developing country. PMID- 7303140 TI - The interaction of Berenil with histamine on isolated mammalian tissues. PMID- 7303141 TI - Lymphocyte changes in Mediterranean kala-azar. PMID- 7303142 TI - Antifilarial activity of mebendazole and flubendazole on Breinlia booliati. PMID- 7303143 TI - Transplantation of adult Onchocerca volvulus into chimpanzees. PMID- 7303144 TI - Relapse in primate malaria. PMID- 7303145 TI - Salmonella typhi incidence compared to other Salmonella spp. PMID- 7303146 TI - Distribution of kala-azar in India. PMID- 7303147 TI - Second International Symposium on Immunologic Monitoring of the Transplant Recipient. PMID- 7303148 TI - Circulating immune complexes in dialyzed patients waiting for renal transplantation. PMID- 7303149 TI - Control of mixed lymphocyte reactions by cellular concentration: studies in 20 microliters hanging droplet cultures. PMID- 7303150 TI - HLA antigen Cw7 in the Japanese population. PMID- 7303151 TI - [Changes in the cytoplasmic ultrastructure and polyribosome content of rat liver cells in the 1st hours after a partial hepatectomy]. PMID- 7303152 TI - [Variability of the number of nucleoli in the progeny of intact UV-irradiated clonogenic HeLa cells and the heritability of this trait]. AB - The nucleoli numbers and variances (sigma 2) of this character were the same in the "abortive" and "fertile" Hela clones, but higher in the cultures than in the clones. The heritability coefficient (h 2) of the nucleoli number per cell in the intact Hela population is 0.21-0.33. After UV-irradiation the variability of the nucleoli number increased both in the clones and the cultures, but the heritability coefficient remained unchanged. PMID- 7303153 TI - [Complex trial of the genetic activity of the hexavalent chromium ion in vitro and in vivo]. PMID- 7303155 TI - [Phagocytic role of cortical dendrites in the development of anoxia in the cat]. AB - The ultrastructure of the cat sensorimotor cortex was studied following 2.5 and 6 minutes of anoxia, resp. In the 6 minutes anoxia, the phenomenon of phagocytosis of synaptic buttons by dendrites was elucidated. Under anoxic condition, the newly formed thin dendritic protrusions at synaptic junctions encircle the synaptic buttons like amoeboid pseudopodia. The phenomenon of dendritic phagocytosis was demonstrated in dendrites with a dark cytoplasm only. In the 6 minutes anoxia, a rather large amount of axo-dendritic synapses was observed having the normal ultrastructure. PMID- 7303154 TI - [Cytogenetic activity of the harmful insect chemosterilant, dimatif, on mouse bone marrow cells]. AB - The new insects' chemosterilant, dimatyph, (diethylene-imide amidothiophosphorous acid) induced a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations in the mouse bone marrow cells after a single per os treatment in doses of 100.0, 10.0, 1.0, 0.1 mg/kg. An extremely high mutagenic activity of dimatyph (maximal cytogenetic effect 33.6%, minimal effective dose 1.0 mg/kg) does not permit a widespread use of this substance as a pesticide. PMID- 7303156 TI - [Extrusion of nucleolus-like bodies from the nuclei of human oocytes]. AB - A morphological and cytochemical analysis of nucleolus-like bodies extruded in antenatal human development phase from the nucleus into the oocyte cytoplasm has been carried out, and the quantitative dynamics of this phenomenon is evaluated. The nucleolus-like bodies are Feulgen-negative, pyroninophilic, and measuring 4-5 micron in diameter. These bodies migrate from the nuclei of oogonia and oocytes at all the meiotic prophase 1 stages, from the preleptotene chromosome condensation stage on. The frequency of extrusion of nucleolus-like bodies at the diplotene stage is lower than that at the dictyatene stage. PMID- 7303157 TI - [Structural study of the chromatin of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum in the mitotic cycle]. AB - The chromatin structure of Physarum polycephalum was studied with electron microscope at different phases of its mitotic cycle. At the S-phase and during mitosis, the chromatin has a nucleosomal structure. At the early G2-phase the chromatin structure changes, long regions of non-beaded structure being found in the chromatin fibers. At the late G2-phase, the major part of chromatin loses its globular organization, with chromatin fibres without a pronounced subunit structure prevailing in the preparations. Biochemical data show that the amount of chromatin resistant to staphylococcal nuclease varies during the mitotic cycle. The amount of nuclease-resistant chromatin is equal to 80% at the S-phase, to decrease up to 50-60% by the early G2-phase. Successive changes of chromatin structure at different levels of its transcriptional activity are found. Lability of nucleosomes is shown to increase with the increase in the transcriptional activity of chromatin, thus leading presumably to the chromatin structural alterations during the mitotic cycle. PMID- 7303158 TI - [Oncogen localization in simian adenovirus DNA. I. In vitro rat cell transformation using the SV20 virus and its DNA]. AB - Cell transformation by the complete and the incomplete virus SV20 was investigated. To compare the oncogenic properties of human adenoviruses, two types of cell systems--the primary rat embryonic cell culture and the primary rat kidney cell culture--were used. The dependence of DNA concentration on transformation frequency was investigated. With the incomplete virus SV20, the transformation efficiency was more than that with the complete virus (16 and 1-3 percent, resp.). In addition, it has been shown that the primary rat kidney cell culture is more sensitive to transformation than the primary rat embryonic cells culture. The new-born Sirian hamsters being inoculated with virus SV20 DNA, the growth of a tumor being registered in the point of injection 120 days afterwards. PMID- 7303159 TI - [Arrest of BHK-21 cell culture growth and its stabilization in a resting state as affected by serum fractions]. AB - By cytofluorometry the distribution of cells was studied according to the amount of DNA in a population of BHK-21 cells placed in the media containing a serum fraction that either does not stimulate cell proliferation, or stimulates it until reaching 60% of the limiting density observed in the control. The analysis of cell distribution shown that after the arrest of cell growth cells are accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle to change into the quiescent state. As a control, cytofluorometric analysis of populations of BHK-21 cells cultured under normal conditions in the presence of the 10% whole serum was performed. PMID- 7303160 TI - Sensitivity of opportunist mycobacteria to rifampicin and ethambutol. AB - A total of 1237 strains of opportunist mycobacteria were tested for sensitivity to rifampicin and ethambutol. Most strains of Mycobacterium kansasii and all strains of M. marinum tested were sensitive to both drugs. A variable pattern was given by M. xenopi strains, but a general resistance was observed with the M. avium--intracellulare--scrofulaceum group. All strains of M. fortuitum and M. chelonei were highly resistant. Scotochromogens were mostly sensitive to ethambutol, but there was variable resistance to rifampicin. These properties may be useful in identification of species. No acquired resistance was found in follow-up cultures from confirmed cases of mycobacterioses, but details of therapy, if any, were not known. PMID- 7303162 TI - Empyema presenting over thirty years after pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Four patients are described who presented with empyema between 32 and 53 years after pulmonary tuberculosis had been treated by artificial pneumothorax (A.P.) without chemotherapy. Diagnostic problems included non-specific radiographic features and failure to find a causative organism. Empyema should be considered when patients with old pulmonary tuberculosis deteriorate and there are non specific radiographic changes. Antituberculosis chemotherapy, or even decortication, may be indicated if a pyogenic organism cannot be found. PMID- 7303161 TI - Mycobacterium kansasii empyema. PMID- 7303163 TI - Bovine tuberculosis in badgers. PMID- 7303164 TI - A third study of case-finding methods for pulmonary tuberculosis in Kenya, including the use of community leaders. AB - Five methods of identifying tuberculosis suspects were investigated in the Machakos District of Kenya by: (1) 3-monthly interrogation of the Community Elders, (2) interrogation of household heads, (3) identifying suspects amongst outpatients attending local health units, (4) examination of patients registered during the previous 10 years in the District Tuberculosis Register and also (5) their close contacts. Sputum was bacteriologically examined by smear and culture from suspects found by all the methods. The initial interrogation of the Elders yielded 216 suspects, of whom 9 were culture-positive, including 6 smear positive. Reinterrogating the Elders 4 times at 3-monthly intervals produced a further 114 suspects including 4 culture-positive cases (3 being smear-positive). The examination of a second sputum specimen from suspects after a 3-month interval yielded 4 further culture-positive cases (all smear-negative) but the examination of a third specimen after a further 3 months yielded no further cases. A single interrogation of 1093 household head suspects yielded 22 culture positive cases, including 11 smear-positive. The response in 5 health units covering a population of about 24 500 was poor. During a 2-year period only 109 suspects were recorded; 7 were culture-positive, including 3 smear-positive. Of 61 cases of tuberculosis registered during the previous 10 years, 8 were currently culture-positive, 5 being smear-positive. Of 318 household contacts of these cases, 6 were culture-positive cases, 2 being smear-positive. The problems presented by different active case-finding methods are discussed, identifying those that appear promising and those unpromising. PMID- 7303165 TI - [Importance of drug dosage in pediatric therapy]. PMID- 7303166 TI - [Subphrenic abscess: clinical and therapeutic aspects: apropos of 52 cases]. PMID- 7303167 TI - [Bronchial biopsy and bronchial aspiration for cytodiagnosis]. PMID- 7303168 TI - [Gastro-jejuno-colic fistulas caused by ulcers]. PMID- 7303169 TI - [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in children]. PMID- 7303170 TI - [Renal angiomyolipoma associated with Bourneville tuberous sclerosis]. PMID- 7303171 TI - [Contribution of trans-bronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of broncho-pulmonary disorders: study of 288 cases]. PMID- 7303172 TI - [Uterine sarcomas]. PMID- 7303173 TI - [Epidemiologic profile of depressive disorders. Apropos of 639 cases admitted to the Razi Hospital during the last 10 years]. PMID- 7303174 TI - [Staphylococci in the hospital environment sensitivity to antibiotics]. PMID- 7303175 TI - [Mechanical complications of central venous catheters in a series of 602 cases]. PMID- 7303176 TI - [A case of intra-petrous facial nerve neurinoma]. PMID- 7303177 TI - [Medical prescription, public health and physician-patient relations. Apropos of a survey and public opinion poll at Sousse]. PMID- 7303178 TI - [Open information. A limiting factor in clinical research]. PMID- 7303179 TI - [Paraquat poisoning]. PMID- 7303180 TI - [Biocide lung. A study of fruit growers during the spraying seasons]. PMID- 7303181 TI - [Air humidifier disease. A problem in the graphic industry]. PMID- 7303182 TI - [Drug-induced liver damage]. PMID- 7303183 TI - [Agenesis of the right vas deferens and the ipsilateral kidney]. PMID- 7303184 TI - [Injury of the femoral nerve as a complication of inguinal hernia]. PMID- 7303185 TI - [Spigelian hernia caused by fibroma of the uterus]. PMID- 7303186 TI - [Aplastic anemia in a patient with severe allergic predisposition. Probably caused by treatment with naproxen (Naprosyn)]. PMID- 7303187 TI - [Antacids versus cimetidine]. PMID- 7303188 TI - [Deaths among narcotic addicts in Denmark in 1978 and 1979. A forensic medicine study]. PMID- 7303189 TI - [Prolonged sick leave IX. An analysis of the relation between medical and social causes]. PMID- 7303190 TI - [The Danish-Saudi Arabia health project in Jizan]. PMID- 7303191 TI - [Guide lines in non-operative treatment of retained calculi in the deep bile ducts]. PMID- 7303192 TI - [An isolated cord attaches to Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 7303193 TI - [Normal voiding 20 years after total cystectomy]. PMID- 7303194 TI - [Patella instability in anteromedial rotation instability of the knee]. PMID- 7303195 TI - [Postoperative delirium treated with chlormethiazole (Heminevrin)]. PMID- 7303196 TI - [International prospective study of complications of BCG vaccination]. PMID- 7303198 TI - [At life's end]. PMID- 7303197 TI - [Prevention of traveler's diarrhea]. PMID- 7303199 TI - [An assessment of nursing requirements of patients with malignant neoplastic diseases]. PMID- 7303200 TI - [Chromhidrosis with green sweat. A case report presented as a problem of occupational medicine]. PMID- 7303201 TI - [Dangerous chemical substances and products]. PMID- 7303202 TI - [Mushroom poisoning]. PMID- 7303203 TI - [The predictive value of a diagnostic course consisting of more than one examination]. PMID- 7303205 TI - [Reliability of diagnostic examination]. PMID- 7303204 TI - [ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic in the evaluation of the correctness of diagnostic examinations]. PMID- 7303206 TI - [Are chlorpromazine and other phenothiazines also antibiotics?]. PMID- 7303207 TI - [Postoperative epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and morphine in patients with obstructive lung disease]. PMID- 7303208 TI - [Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in serum in myelomatosis. A descriptive clinical study]. PMID- 7303209 TI - [Diarrhea and liver involvement after ingestion of Amanita phalloides]. PMID- 7303210 TI - [Mushroom poisoning caused by panther amanita (Amanita pantherina)]. PMID- 7303211 TI - [Papillomatosis coronae glandis]. PMID- 7303212 TI - [The indoor environment and disease symptoms. An evaluation of conditions in schools in Copenhagen]. PMID- 7303213 TI - [The development of home nursing services. A study of the development of home nursing services in the Municipality of Odense from 1976 to 1980]. PMID- 7303214 TI - [Heparin in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7303215 TI - [Fatal pulmonary embolism in a medical department. Clinic-pathological correlations and therapeutic deliberations]. PMID- 7303216 TI - [Allergy to bee and wasp venoms. Reaction forms, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 7303217 TI - [Hyposensitization in bee and wasp allergy]. PMID- 7303218 TI - [New devices for the measurement of blood glucose. Glucometer and Hypocount A]. PMID- 7303219 TI - [Hepatic coma induced by heart insufficiency]. PMID- 7303220 TI - [Corrected transposition of the great arteries with a left-sided Ebstein-like anomaly and WPW-syndrome. A case diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 7303221 TI - [Furosemide and serum kalium]. PMID- 7303222 TI - [Environmental pollution and chronic disease. Lung cancer in Strandby]. PMID- 7303223 TI - [Environmental pollution and chronic disease. Administrative questions]. PMID- 7303224 TI - [Utilization of hospital services by population from 1966 to 1978]. PMID- 7303225 TI - [Metronidazole and its possible carcinogenic and mutagenic effect]. PMID- 7303226 TI - [Neurosyphilis today]. PMID- 7303227 TI - [Neurosyphilis in Greater Copenhagen during the 5-year period 1974-1978]. PMID- 7303228 TI - [Treatment of severe acute iron poisoning]. PMID- 7303229 TI - [Has indomethacin an inhibiting effect on uterine contractions?]. PMID- 7303230 TI - [Effects of natural estrogen/gestagen and thiazide on cardiovascular risk factors in normal menopausal women. A 2-year double-blind placebo study]. PMID- 7303231 TI - [Occurrence of cancer of the uterine stump. A follow-up examination of patients submitted to supravaginal hysterectomy]. PMID- 7303232 TI - [Cancer of the prostate with metastasis to the penis]. PMID- 7303233 TI - [A case of MAO inhibitor poisoning]. PMID- 7303234 TI - [Preventive treatment with metronidazole in cesarean section]. PMID- 7303235 TI - [Are salicylates teratogenic?]. PMID- 7303236 TI - [Carcinogenesis and drugs]. PMID- 7303237 TI - [The diet of children attending day nurseries. A study and evaluation of the diets of children aged 1-3 years attending day nurseries in the municipality of Copenhagen]. PMID- 7303238 TI - [Blowpipe cutting and neurotoxic effects]. PMID- 7303239 TI - [Test strips for semiquantitative measurement of protein, blood and glucose in the urine]. PMID- 7303240 TI - [Measurement of blood glucose with Haemo-glukotest 1-44]. PMID- 7303241 TI - [Placental sulphatase deficiency and ichthyosis]. PMID- 7303242 TI - [Liver damage following long-term occupational exposure to organic solvents]. PMID- 7303243 TI - [Sweat electrolyte analysis by pilocarpine iontophoresis]. PMID- 7303244 TI - [Mammography. Attitudes to and expectations of mammography among 300 examined women]. PMID- 7303245 TI - [Medical technology laboratories--decentralization tendencies]. PMID- 7303246 TI - [Assault on and abuse of women]. PMID- 7303247 TI - [Violence to women by their spouses. A prospective study]. PMID- 7303248 TI - [The mortality among elderly persons 1960-1980]. PMID- 7303249 TI - [Prolymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 7303250 TI - [In vivo staining of the outer eye]. PMID- 7303251 TI - [The effect of a fatty vehicle on the cornea and conjunctiva. In vivo staining following instilling of oil]. PMID- 7303252 TI - [Eclampsia. A retrospective study of 14 cases of eclampsia]. PMID- 7303253 TI - [Outpatient pediatric surgery]. PMID- 7303254 TI - [Trauma resulting from tug-of-war]. PMID- 7303255 TI - [Rhinolithiasis]. PMID- 7303256 TI - [Myelomeningocele]. PMID- 7303257 TI - [Failure of p-pills and anticonvulsants]. PMID- 7303258 TI - [P-pills and inflammatory intestinal disease]. PMID- 7303259 TI - [Treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia]. PMID- 7303260 TI - [Smoking habits among Danish physicians]. PMID- 7303261 TI - [Simultaneous occurrence of rheumatic and neoplastic diseases]. PMID- 7303262 TI - [Sodium dantrolene in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 7303263 TI - [Deliberate self-poisoning. 5-year case material from an intensive care unit]. PMID- 7303264 TI - [Familial glucocorticoid deficiency]. PMID- 7303265 TI - [Conservative treatment of subcutaneous rupture of the extensor tendon to the distal phalanx]. PMID- 7303266 TI - [Post-hepatic venous occlusion (Budd-Chiari syndrome) - diagnosis illustrated by case reports]. PMID- 7303267 TI - [Tuberculous arthritis]. PMID- 7303268 TI - [Tuberculous bursitis in a Pakistani immigrant]. PMID- 7303269 TI - [Typical and atypical depressive states]. PMID- 7303270 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of heart arrhythmias]. PMID- 7303271 TI - [Static electricity. A literature review and study of 80 office workers]. PMID- 7303272 TI - [Indirect exposure in the occupational anamnesis]. PMID- 7303273 TI - [Social pediatric practice. Problems and working methods]. PMID- 7303274 TI - [Primary immunodefects in Denmark. Report from the Danish registry of primary immunodefects]. PMID- 7303275 TI - [Interstitial cystitis]. PMID- 7303276 TI - [De novo deletion in a mentally retarded boy]. PMID- 7303277 TI - [Primary hypomagnesemia. A rare cause of hypocalcemia and convulsions in infancy]. PMID- 7303278 TI - [Nail varnish eczema]. PMID- 7303280 TI - [The situation of research and the public sector]. PMID- 7303279 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 7303281 TI - [Immune defects]. PMID- 7303282 TI - [Mortality among gas-pipe workers in Copenhagen]. PMID- 7303283 TI - [Hypochlorite - is it dangerous? 10 years inquiries to the Poison Information Center]. PMID- 7303284 TI - [Former psychiatric patients in public high schools]. PMID- 7303285 TI - [The patho-physiological role of fibronectin in the critically ill patient]. PMID- 7303286 TI - [Cryocoagulation therapy of intra-epithelial cervical neoplasm]. PMID- 7303287 TI - [Proximal realignment operation in patello-femoral diseases]. PMID- 7303288 TI - [Pleuro-pulmonary changes after bromocriptine treatment of parkinsonism]. PMID- 7303289 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma]. PMID- 7303290 TI - [Anorexia nervosa. A life-threatening condition - even in the 1980's]. PMID- 7303291 TI - [Hygroma colli demonstrated by ultrasonic scanning]. PMID- 7303292 TI - [Abdominal pregnancy resulting in a live-born infant]. PMID- 7303293 TI - [Idiopathic prenatal perforation of the sigmoid colon causing meconium peritonitis]. PMID- 7303294 TI - [Refractory hypercalcemia presumably caused by metastasizing cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 7303295 TI - [Chronic otitis media and hearing loss in Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 7303296 TI - [Treatment of precancerous states of the uterine cervix by conization or freezing?]. PMID- 7303297 TI - [The significance of the frequency of autopsy for statistics of the causes of death]. PMID- 7303298 TI - [Surgical treatment of injuries in general practice and emergency departments]. PMID- 7303299 TI - [The World Health Organization in 1981]. PMID- 7303300 TI - [Powdered milk and its marketing practices--should the WHO codex be applied?]. PMID- 7303301 TI - [Changes of bone-perfusion in osteosynthesis of the femur with a marrow-nail (author's transl)]. AB - The perfusion of the bone in the hind leg after osteosynthesis (nailing of the bone-marrow) was studied. In 11 shepherd dogs (bastards) an osteotomy of the femur was done; it was treated with a marrow-nail without boring the marrow cavity. With the "tracer-microsphere"-method the perfusion of femur, tibia and talus of both hind legs was measured. Measurements were performed before and after surgery, in 10 dogs 2 weeks and in 8 dogs 6 weeks after surgery. Immediately after the operation the perfusion was reduced considerably in all the examined bones of the operated leg. Two weeks later the perfusion was increased in all bones of both hind limbs. In the cancellous bone of the femur the perfusion reached the original preoperative values after 6 weeks; in cortical bone a further increase of the perfusion was noted. This increase was most marked in the cortical bone of the operated femur; it was less in the cortical bone of the other bones. PMID- 7303302 TI - [Comparative investigations on the stability of fracture fixations with different fixateurs externes (author's transl)]. AB - Short oblique fractures of the tibiae were stabilized with two-dimensional (frame spanner), three-dimensional and various V-shaped fixateurs externes, applied at the ventral-medial side. The stability of all these different types of fracture fixations was tested with and without an additional lag screw. Under a torsional load the stability of the area of osteotomy was measured. The three-dimensional fixateur externe and the V-shaped fixateur externe yielded the best results. The use of an additional lag screw produced a greater and significant (p less than 0,01) improvement. PMID- 7303303 TI - [Arthroscopy of the knee joint (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical application of the arthroscopy is described. The results of 300 cases are evaluated and discussed. There is a striking discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis before and after arthroscopy. The clinical diagnosis of a damage to the meniscus seems less reliable; the value of arthrography is limited, too. As conclusion it can be stated that the results presented favour a generous use of arthroscopy. More often arthroscopies will be performed after fresh injuries of the knee joint. PMID- 7303304 TI - [Plastic repair of the lateral ligament of the upper ankle joint: methods and results (author's transl)]. AB - A review is given about common techniques for plastic repair of the lateral ligament of the upper ankle joint. Own experiences are presented. Indications for plastic repair age: old injury of the ligaments with clinical symptoms; fresh lesions of the ligament; if the tissues of the articular capsule or of the ligament are completely destroyed or if during surgery a chronic insufficiency of the ligaments becomes evident. Contraindications against plastic repair are: a marked arthrosis of the ankle joint, a permanent valgar displacement of the talus, old age and a high risk for surgery. The results of 13 plastic operations of the lateral ligament could be classified as "very good" in ten cases and as "good" in three cases (evaluation according to Marti). In seven cases a modified technique of Watson-Jones has been used, twice Weber's method and in four cases a direct ligament plastic. Those procedures are favoured which come close to the original anatomy, are easy to perform without destroying functional structures and which do not cause an unnecessary restriction of movement. PMID- 7303305 TI - [Clean field-technique to reduce the local air contamination level in operating rooms. Clinical experiences in accident surgery (author's transl)]. AB - A newly developed technique to reduce the local air contamination level in operating rooms is described. After physical and hygienic evaluations a mobile clean field-equipment has been used at 97 traumatic operations. At 66 operations about 300 aerobiological samples of the contaminated room air and simultaneously of clean field-air at the wound site were collected. It is shown that the bacterial level of clean field-air is comparable with those levels in a sterile operating enclosure. The advantages of the new technique and first experiences under practical operating conditions are discussed. PMID- 7303306 TI - [Surgical fracture treatment, its development, capacity and its results in comparison to conservative treatment measures - a calculation analysis. Part 1]. PMID- 7303307 TI - [Vasodilators. 2-Treatment of arterial hypertension, cardiac insufficiency and peripheral vascular diseases]. PMID- 7303308 TI - [Cryotherapy in dermatology]. PMID- 7303309 TI - [Wood dust: health risks and health surveillance of exposed workers]. PMID- 7303310 TI - [Erosion and infection of "pacemaker" wounds]. PMID- 7303311 TI - [Prevalence of tuberculous infection]. PMID- 7303312 TI - [Testicular seminoma: apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 7303313 TI - [Medical surveillance of personnel exposed to ionizing radiation]. PMID- 7303314 TI - [Severe diarrhea associated with antibiotics]. PMID- 7303316 TI - [Phenol nerve block in spasticity]. PMID- 7303317 TI - [Rehabilitation of unilateral femoral amputees, over 55 years of age and of vascular origin]. PMID- 7303315 TI - [Psychiatric clinical research in Quebec: stagnation or evolution?]. PMID- 7303318 TI - [Physical rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries at the Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal]. PMID- 7303319 TI - [Vasodilators. 1- Main components]. PMID- 7303320 TI - [Psychosomatic pelvic pain]. PMID- 7303321 TI - [Biologic and clinical aspects of imported parasitic diseases]. PMID- 7303322 TI - [Cartography and incidence of certain malignant tumors in the Province of Quebec (1971-1975)]. PMID- 7303323 TI - [Study of 500 cases of sterilization by tubal ligation]. PMID- 7303324 TI - [Morbidity, mortality and etiology of gas gangrene in Canada]. PMID- 7303325 TI - [Ureteral risk during prostatectomies]. PMID- 7303326 TI - [Present-day human values and cancer]. PMID- 7303327 TI - [Dermatology: what the skin tells us]. PMID- 7303328 TI - Jet expulsion of cellular contents from rad cells during photodynamic hemolysis. AB - When red cells are incubated in the dark in the presence of the dye Rose Bengal and subsequently irradiated with visible light, they hemolyze. Under certain conditions some of the hemoglobin is expelled in the form of a convective jet and appears as a transient cloud beside the cell. Elastic contraction of the membrane is not a sufficient driving force for the jet. A plausible mechanism (an osmotic "pump") is presented. PMID- 7303329 TI - Measurement of water transport through the skin. AB - A method for measuring water exchange through human skin has been developed. It is based on estimation of the vapour pressure gradient immediately above the surface of the skin and permits the skin area investigated to be exposed to the ambient air during the entire period of measurement. Influence on the microclimate above the skin, with respect to humidity and temperature, is thereby minimized. An instrument for measuring small amounts of water evaporated from or absorbed by a surface per unit time and area is described and its accuracy discussed. The instrument has a high degree of accuracy and better sensitivity than previously described devices used for this purpose. It has been used primarily to investigate the rate of evaporation from the skin surface in newborn infants and from the skin in patients with burns. PMID- 7303330 TI - Water transport through the skin of newborn infants. AB - Factors that may influence the water transport through the skin in infants on their first day of life were studied with a method based on determination of the vapour pressure gradient in the air layer close to the skin surface. The evaporation rate from the skin was found to vary with the site of measurement, ambient humidity, temperature, activity, gestational age and nutritional status at birth. Differences related to maturity were shown to decrease with postnatal age. PMID- 7303331 TI - Determination of terminal sugars in transferrin by radio-lectin immunoassay (RLIA)-a new microanalytical procedure. AB - A new method for the determination of terminal sugars in immunologically defined glycoproteins with microheterogeneity in the sugar residue has been developed. The method has been elaborated for transferrin and involves the following three steps: 1. Binding of antitransferrin antibodies to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose. 2. Adsorption to the antitransferrin gel of transferrin from serum or from standard solutions of defined composition of terminal glycoprotein sugars. 3. Adsorption of a 125I - labelled lectin to the Sepharose-antitransferrin transferrin complex. A galactose-binding lectin from Crotalaria juncea and a sialic acid-binding lectin from Limulus polyphemus have been successfully labelled with the Bolton-Hunter reagent and used in the radio-lectin immunoassay determinations. Care must be taken that significant amounts of lectins are not lost from the transferrin complex during washing. The resolving power of the method was at best 20 pmoles of asialotransferrin, a figure that probably can be improved significantly by optimizing the assay conditions. PMID- 7303332 TI - The prognosis for patients with cerebrovascular stroke and transient ischemic attacks. AB - The prognosis for 281 patients with cerebrovascular stroke and 44 patients with TIA is presented. These patients were registered during a prospective epidemiological survey of cerebrovascular diseases in the community of Soderhamn. There was an average population of about 32, 000 during the study period. More than 30% of the stroke patients died during the first 3 months. After 4 years the mortality was about 70% in stroke and 40% in TIA patients. The prognosis was tested towards symptoms and signs. Eleven signs were significantly correlated to adverse outcome in the stroke group, e. g. Babinski's sign present, complete extremity paresis, lowered level of consciousness, fever, tachycardia, anemia and elevated systolic blood pressure. During follow-up at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 years about 60% of the stroke survivors were at home, 20% in old age homes, and 20% in hospitals. PMID- 7303334 TI - [Repeat operations on the single kidney in recurrent nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 7303333 TI - Endoscopic evaluation of gastric tolerance to fenclofenac. AB - Gastrointestinal irritation is a common consequence of treatment with many non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. An open tolerance study with endoscopic control employing fenclofenac in doses of 900 or 1200 mg daily in ten patients with osteoarthrosis, was carried out over an eight week period. The principal aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of fenclofenac on the gastroduodenal mucosa in a selected group of patients with osteoarthrosis and with a history of gastric intolerance to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. All patients tolerated fenclofenac well and showed clinical improvement. PMID- 7303335 TI - [Urodynamics of the upper urinary tracts after cystectomy]. PMID- 7303337 TI - [Adequate dehydration in chronic kidney failure treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 7303336 TI - [Territorial distribution of Balkan endemic nephropathy and tumors of the kidney pelvis and ureter]. PMID- 7303338 TI - [Varicocele: the diagnostic procedure and synchronous kidney lesions]. PMID- 7303339 TI - [Correction of the acid-base state in the course of hemodialysis using a system with recirculation and regeneration of the dialysis solution]. PMID- 7303340 TI - [Experience in using subcutaneous arteriovenous fistulae]. PMID- 7303341 TI - [Experimental modeling of retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 7303342 TI - [Transvaginal novocaine block in renal colic]. PMID- 7303343 TI - [Is pyelonephritis an independent disease?]. PMID- 7303344 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on the contractility of the rabbit urinary bladder. AB - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (V. I. P.) has been demonstrated in neuronal elements of smooth muscle organs including the urinary bladder, thus indicating that this peptide may be a neurohumoral transmitter. In isolated strips of rabbit urinary bladder we have demonstrated that V. I. P. causes relaxation. Unlike the relaxant effect of the beta agonist isoproterenol, the inhibition produced by V. I. P. could not be blocked by propranolol. These studies indicate that V. I. P. may play a role in the regulation of bladder contractility.U PMID- 7303345 TI - Effector cells in natural cytotoxicity against human bladder cancer cell lines. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained by ficoll-hypaque sedimentation were depleted of Fc-receptor-bearing (FcR+) cells. Cytotoxicity (direct killing of target cells by effector cells), tested in a 40 h assay, was significantly decreased against a variety of target cells. Tests in which no FcR+ cells could be detected were also positive for "natural killing" (NK) against a spectrum of target cells from normal donors. NK in this system was mediated by more than one subpopulation of lymphocytes. Monocytes probably did not play a significant role. Decreasing the FcR+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with bladder cancer and in controls did not reveal specific antitumor activity. PMID- 7303346 TI - Keyhole-limpet haemacyanin and immune ribonucleic acid immunotherapy of murine transitional cell carcinoma. AB - Transitional cell carcinoma is known to be an immunogenic tumour. This immunogenicity has been the basis of a search for effective immunotherapeutic agents and for the evaluation in this study of two additional agents, keyhole limpet haemacyanin (KLH) and immune ribonucleic acid (RNA) extract. The results in this animal model showed KLH to be a potent non-specific stimulant of the immune response which caused both a reduction in tumour growth and a prolongation of animal survival (p = 0.01). No anti-tumour effects were observed with either local or systemic RNA. PMID- 7303347 TI - Androgen stimulated chemotherapy in the Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether hormonal stimulation followed by chemotherapy with a cell-cycle specific agent would improve the effectiveness of the chemotherapy in a prostatic adenocarcinoma model. One hundred Copenhagen rats were randomised into 5 equal groups and injected subcutaneously with 2 x 10(7) cells of Dunning G strain prostatic adenocarcinoma. The groups were treated in the following fashion: 1. sham operated controls, 2. castration, 3. castration and methotrexate, 4. castration, testosterone and methotrexate and 5. castration and testosterone. When the tumours became palpable, all animals received the surgery to which they were randomised. Subsequent hormonal and chemotherapy was started 1 week thereafter. Therapy was given for 5 consecutive days followed by a 16-day recovery period and then continued in a cyclical fashion. Serial measurements of animal weights and tumour size were obtained. Analysis of tumour growth was restricted to the first 29 days of therapy because of a rapid decline in animal survival beyond that point. The group treated with castration, testosterone, and methotrexate inhibited tumour growth more than any other group and was the only group that was significantly different from control (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7303348 TI - [Results of the use of Thymoptik (timolol) in the treatment of primary glaucoma]. PMID- 7303349 TI - [Clinical method of examination of the intraocular fluid flow route]. PMID- 7303351 TI - [Surgical treatment of complicated cataract in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7303352 TI - [Experimental intralamellar transplantation of the lens capsule as a biological barrier in corneal endothelial injury]. PMID- 7303350 TI - [Factors affecting the transition of the 1st stage of open-angle glaucoma into the next one]. PMID- 7303353 TI - [Microcirculatory changes in the conjunctival vessels in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7303354 TI - [Value of fluorescein angiography for detection of pathology of the posterior segment of the eye after blunt injury of the eyeball]. PMID- 7303355 TI - [Frequency-contrast characteristics of the eyes in diabetes mellitus (experience of using the Arden's tables)]. PMID- 7303356 TI - [Anterior ischemic neuropathy]. PMID- 7303357 TI - [Prevention of myopia and its progress by acting on the accommodation apparatus of the eye]. PMID- 7303358 TI - [Immunoglobulin level in the serum and tears in uveitis]. PMID- 7303359 TI - [Television fluorescein angiography]. PMID- 7303360 TI - [Preparation of the conjunctival cavity for cosmetic eye prosthesis]. PMID- 7303361 TI - [Diagnostic value of the Schlemm's canal perfusion in microsurgery of open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7303362 TI - [Preparation and conduction of pedagogical experiment with regard to teaching ophthalmological subjects at the Chair of pediatrics]. PMID- 7303363 TI - [Effectiveness of timolol maleate in hypotensive therapy of glaucoma]. PMID- 7303364 TI - [Necrosis of the nasal septum, acute suppurative ethmoiditis and retrobulbar abscess in a diabetic patient]. PMID- 7303365 TI - [Methods of determining hearing loss in workers in noisy occupations in conformance with the state standard]. PMID- 7303366 TI - [Electron microscopy study of the rat spiral organ hair cells in experimental latent and apparent diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7303367 TI - [Choice of criteria for classifying the forms of hearing loss applicable to the aims of hearing aids]. PMID- 7303368 TI - [Staged combined anesthesia in ear operations on children]. PMID- 7303370 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of rhinogenic brain abscesses]. PMID- 7303371 TI - [Rhinopneumometric indices in repeated antiorthostatic effects]. PMID- 7303372 TI - [Electroroentgenography in the diagnosis of inflammatory and tumor diseases of the ethmoidal labyrinth]. PMID- 7303373 TI - [Submucosal resection of the nasal septum with reimplantation of autologous cartilage and bone in recurrent nosebleeds against a background of hypertension]. PMID- 7303369 TI - [Role of infection in the development of middle ear inflammation in nursing infants 1st treated with antibiotics]. PMID- 7303375 TI - [Immunological status of laryngeal cancer patients and the problems of nonspecific immunotherapy]. PMID- 7303376 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of hemangiomas of the oropharynx and distal sections of the oral cavity]. PMID- 7303377 TI - [Conservative surgical approach to the sphenoid sinus and to the sella turcica]. PMID- 7303380 TI - [Functional state of the ampullar apparatus in Meniere's disease]. PMID- 7303374 TI - [Blood coagulation and its correction in stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis in children]. PMID- 7303378 TI - [Lipomas of the pharynx and external laryngeal ring]. PMID- 7303379 TI - [Supernumerary tooth in the nasal cavity]. PMID- 7303381 TI - [Technical problems of implanting microelectrodes into the cochlea (preliminary report)]. PMID- 7303382 TI - [Characteristics of the immunity and nonspecific reactivity indices in chronic suppurative mesotympanitis in the treatment with hyperimmune plasmas]. PMID- 7303383 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the fluid from polypous tissue and in the blood serum in recurrent polypous rhinosinusitis]. PMID- 7303384 TI - [Early manifestations of diabetes mellitus in otorhinolaryngologic patients]. PMID- 7303385 TI - [Mechanism of the development of allergic inflammation of the V mucosa in exposure to chemical allergens]. PMID- 7303386 TI - [Forced aeration in the therapy of chronic maxillary sinusitis]. PMID- 7303387 TI - [Biorhythm characteristics of the cellular composition of the nasal secretion in children living in different climatic zones]. PMID- 7303388 TI - [Role of viruses and bacteria in the formation of the clinical picture of acute laryngotracheitis]. PMID- 7303389 TI - [Laryngeal cancer metastasis into the retropharyngeal lymph nodes]. PMID- 7303390 TI - [Laryngeal keratoses]. PMID- 7303391 TI - [Electronic laryngostroboscopic picture in certain forms of dysphonia]. PMID- 7303393 TI - [Method of intralacunar drug administration in the conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis]. PMID- 7303392 TI - [Micromorphology of the human stapedius muscle (based on topographic anatomical, neurohistological and histochemical data)]. PMID- 7303394 TI - [Use of Novikov's antiseptic fluid as a biological dressing in hearing-restoring operations]. PMID- 7303396 TI - [Carcinoid of the larynx]. PMID- 7303395 TI - [Processes of functional compensation after the surgical destruction of the labyrinth]. PMID- 7303397 TI - [Combined injury to the brain, paranasal sinuses, nose, orbit and masticatory apparatus]. PMID- 7303398 TI - [Bilateral laryngocele]. PMID- 7303399 TI - [Hemorrhage through the external auditory canal caused by mandibular osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7303400 TI - [Logopedic care for persons with hearing defects in Denmark]. PMID- 7303401 TI - [Determination of the borders of osteomyelitic focus in the long tubular bones]. PMID- 7303402 TI - [Agenesis of the right lung with hypoplasia of the main bronchus]. PMID- 7303403 TI - [Dangerous complications of sombrevin anesthesia]. AB - The experience of using sombrevin anesthesia in 3644 cases and its 3 severe complications which resulted in the development of terminal states up to the clinical death (reanimation was successful) is analyzed. This anesthesia is shown to be necessary under conditions providing a possibility of immediate fulfillment of the complex of highly skilled reanimation measures, with early solution of problems of succession between the polyclinic link and the reanimation hospital. Special attention is called to strict observation of the principle of the preliminary (the day before operation) examination by an anesthesiologist of the patients who are to be subjected to planned short operative interventions, for the individual choice of the method of anesthesia and prevention of severe complications after narcosis. PMID- 7303404 TI - [Combination of drugs for neuroleptanalgesia with other anesthetics]. PMID- 7303405 TI - [Reasons for repeated laparotomy]. PMID- 7303406 TI - [Plastic surgery of the thoracic segment of the esophagus with the stomach tissue]. PMID- 7303407 TI - [Errors and complications of the treatment of closed diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures]. PMID- 7303408 TI - [Erroneous diagnosis of incarcerated hernia in oncological patients]. PMID- 7303410 TI - [Expediency of preventive examination of the colon]. PMID- 7303411 TI - [Various debatable problems of etiology and treatment of diffuse purulent peritonitis]. PMID- 7303409 TI - [Emergency vascular surgery: problems and tasks]. PMID- 7303412 TI - [Surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer (concerning A.A. Rusanov's article "Vagotomy in gastric and duodenal ulcer")]. AB - On the basis of the materials published in the literature and our data, the present state of the question concerned with the treatment of duodenal ulcer by the operation of vagotomy and resection of the stomach is elucidated. Despite A.A. Rusanov's opinion, the authors of the article believe vagotomy to have a substantial advantage, especially the proximal selective vagotomy. As voluminous literature shows there is no coolness to this method of treatment. PMID- 7303413 TI - [Differential diagnosis of late stages of mitral valve stenosis in the aspect of its surgical treatment]. AB - The results of the examination and treatment of 200 patients with the IV and V stages of mitral stenosis were analyzed. Certain major criteria of differential diagnosis of the IV and V stages of the defect were established. Surgical methods for the treatment of patients of the both groups were chosen. The authors consider the most characteristic features of the IV stage to be the following: functions and structure of parenchymatous organs, microcirculation, tissue metabolism. The surgical correction of the defect by the closed and open methods is believed to be possible. Patients with the IV stage of mitral stenosis have profound disturbances of the function and structure of internal organs, microcirculation and tissue metabolism. Correction of the V stage of the defect should be performed only by the closed method. PMID- 7303414 TI - [Hemodynamics in patients operated on for peptic ulcer hemorrhage]. AB - The heart contractability and central hemodynamics were studied in 32 patients with peptic ulcer complicated by hemorrhage. The development of the phase syndrome of the heart hypodynamia and hypokinetic syndrome were revealed. In the post-operative period the repair of the central hemodynamics was found to begin within a week and that of the myocardium contractability within two weeks after operation. PMID- 7303415 TI - [Oxygen transport in experimental pancreatitis]. PMID- 7303416 TI - [Gallstone-induced intestinal obstruction as a complication of internal biliary fistulas]. PMID- 7303417 TI - [Dolichocolon as a chronic disease]. PMID- 7303418 TI - [Lumbar-pelvic lymphadenectomy in the treatment of rectal cancer]. AB - Extensive radical operations with the ablation of lymph nodes of the pelvis and lumbar region were fulfilled in 64 patients with rectum carcinoma. Prior to the operation all the patients were subjected to the inferior direct roentgen contrast chromolymphography. High reliability of the negative conclusions of roentgen-contrast lymphography is shown. The positive results of the examination are less reliable. Twelve patients had histological evidence of metastases of the tumor in lymphatic nodes of the second and third stages of the lymphogenic spread of the carcinoma of the rectum. The extended volume makes the operation more radical. PMID- 7303419 TI - [Pelvis abscess as a complication of acute appendicitis]. AB - The work analyzes case histories of 19 patients with pelvis abscesses after appendectomy. The overwhelming majority of them had destructive forms of appendicitis. The authors make a conclusion that the main cause of these complications is defects of operation (insufficient drainage of the abdominal cavity), groundless operation under local anesthesia, refusal of drainage of the abdominal cavity despite indications for it or errors in the drainage technique. The main method of the treatment of pelvic abscesses is operation. PMID- 7303420 TI - [Physical therapy of chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 7303421 TI - [Profuse lymphorrhea after appendectomy]. PMID- 7303422 TI - [Torsion of the spleen]. PMID- 7303423 TI - [Coprolith simulating abdominal tumor]. PMID- 7303424 TI - [Diagnostic and treatment of thoraco-abdominal injuries]. PMID- 7303425 TI - [Peace-time injuries of the gluteal arteries]. PMID- 7303426 TI - [Metastatic lung abscesses]. AB - The metastatic origin of abscesses was established in 10 of 142 patients (7%) with acute pulmonary abscesses. The disease was observed to be of severe course, being accompanied by pleural and other complications in all the cases. Thirteen distinctive signs of metastatic abscesses were revealed which determine the curative methods. The main problem in the treatment of such patients is struggle against sepsis, correction of immune processes in the organism, sanitation of the abscess cavity through the tracheobronchial tree and liquidation of pleural complications. PMID- 7303427 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning in subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon]. PMID- 7303428 TI - [Rare complication of heart injury]. AB - Repeated osteosynthesis was performed in 202 patients with fractures, non-united fractures and false joints of the hip (20), tibial bone (112), shoulder (32), forearm (38). Recommendations are given for the fulfillment of reosteosynthesis in osteomyelitis, broken or deformed metallic wire, anatomical shortening. The extrafocal methods of reosteosynthesis are preferred. The individual features of every patient should be taken into consideration in the performing of reosteosynthesis operations. PMID- 7303429 TI - [Favorable outcome of combined injuries of the vena cava inferior, pancreas and small intestine]. PMID- 7303430 TI - [Splenic injuries in newborn infants]. PMID- 7303431 TI - [Traumatic shock after fractures of long tubular bones in children]. PMID- 7303432 TI - [Pelvis osteotomy in the treatment of marginal hip dislocations]. PMID- 7303433 TI - Lowland sheep: the nutrition and management cycle. AB - Good management of lowland sheep depends on strategic uses of resources during the management cycle and manipulation of body reserves. Critical periods are around mating, late pregnancy and early lactation. Good condition at mating is achieved by expanding the grazing area apportioned to the ewes in autumn. Thereafter, ewes are restricted to allow the resting of pasture for spring growth. A feeding plan for late pregnancy is given which takes account of body condition score and expected lambing date. The recommended concentrate ration contains a proportion of undegradable protein which is fed until grass growth can support lactation. Nutrition in later lactation is not limiting provided fertiliser nitrogen is applied regularly at a level related to stocking rate. By integration with other enterprises (cattle and crops), efficient use of resources is achieved. PMID- 7303435 TI - Use of saffan in dogs. PMID- 7303434 TI - Treatment of ringworm in calves using griseofulvin. AB - Ringworm infection of a farm manager is described. Treatment of 10 ringworm infected calves (group A) on the farm was undertaken with the daily administration of griseofulvin powder for seven days at a rate of 7.5 mg per kg body-weight and compared with nine infected control calves (group B). Group A showed fewer new lesions (22) than group B (80) and fewer new lesions per infected animal (3.7 and 11.4 respectively). The appearance of the last new lesions was earlier in group A (21 days) than in group B (56 days) and the duration of infection in the former group was less (49 days and 98 days respectively). Two control calves were not infected until after infection in group A had resolved. PMID- 7303436 TI - Managing a successful practice. PMID- 7303437 TI - Human and animal salmonellosis in Scotland associated with environmental contamination, 1973-79. AB - Twenty-six incidents of salmonellosis occurring in Scotland between 1973 and 1979 and attributed to environmental pollution are reviewed. The apparent sources of pollution were sewage effluent (10 incidents), septic tank effluent (eight), sewage sludge (three), seagulls (three) and abattoir effluents (two). Cattle were the species predominantly affected. Human infection was primary in three incidents and was secondary to bovine infection in another four. Thirteen salmonella serotypes were recovered from infected humans or animals and 17 during related environmental investigations. The factors causing pollutions and possible control measures are discussed. PMID- 7303438 TI - Role of cattle in the maintenance of Leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection in Northern Ireland. AB - Kidneys of cattle, mice and badgers were cultured for leptospires in an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of these species in the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis caused by the Hebdomadis serogroup. Leptospires closely related to serotype hardjo were recovered from 57 (28.5 per cent) of 200 cattle examined but no evidence of infection was found in either badgers or mice, indicating that cattle act as the maintenance host for serotype hardjo. Many cattle were seronegative carriers. PMID- 7303439 TI - Husbandry methods predisposing to production diseases in dairy cows. AB - Errors in management, other than nutrition, which can be predisposing causes of disease, eg, walking on abrasive surfaces and prolonged standing in slurry (which precipitate lameness), faulty milking and a dirty environment (which are conducive to mastitis), breeding to produce oversized fetuses (leading to dystocia) and inefficient observation (leading to a failure to detect oestrus) are described. Nutritional factors affecting conception rates and the occurrence of the metabolic diseases, ketosis, hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia are outlined. PMID- 7303440 TI - Outbreak of bovine mastitis associated with Corynebacterium bovis. PMID- 7303441 TI - Basic science teaching for veterinary students. PMID- 7303442 TI - Eradication of swine dysentery from closed pig herds. PMID- 7303443 TI - A new polymer splinting material. PMID- 7303444 TI - Effect of treating ewes with fenbendazole during pregnancy and lactation in a Mediterranean climate. PMID- 7303445 TI - Fenbendazole in the treatment of intestinal parasites of circus lions and tigers. PMID- 7303446 TI - Natural infection of the oral cavity of young piglets with Campylobacter sputorum ssp mucosalis. PMID- 7303447 TI - Atrophic rhinitis and bordetellosis. PMID- 7303448 TI - Maedi-visna in Britain. PMID- 7303449 TI - Effect of air filtration on respiratory disease in intensively housed veal calves. AB - The effect of a recirculating air filter unit on concentrations of airborne bacteria, clinical and subclinical respiratory disease and production performance of veal calves was studied over a period of one year. Six groups of 28 calves in sheds with internally filtered air were paired by age and time of entry with six similar groups in non-filtered sheds; they were also compared with 23 groups, each of 28 calves, in non-filtered sheds present in the unit during the period of study. Mean aerial bacteria concentration in filtered sheds was reduced by 44.9 per cent (P less than 0.0001). A comparison of unfiltered and filtered sheds on a paired basis showed that the number of animals requiring antibiotic treatment for respiratory disease was reduced by 19.3 per cent (P greater than 0.05). The number of repeat courses of treatment was reduced by 28.9 per cent (P less than 0.025) and total antibiotic usage was reduced by 34.8 per cent (P less than 0.025). At slaughter the average area of lung consolidation in calves from filtered sheds was reduced by 38.4 per cent (P less than 0.025. When all the 644 calves in the unit from 23 non-filtered sheds were compared with the 168 calves in the six filtered sheds the reduction in first treatments, repeat courses and total treatments were 19.7 per cent (P less than 0.025), 28.3 per cent (P less than 0.025) and 31.6 per cent (P less than 0.025) respectively. Air filtration was therefore associated with a reduction in both incidence and severity of clinical and subclinical disease in calves. Both treatment for respiratory disease and area of lung consolidation at slaughter were directly related to reductions in daily weight gain. The economic effect of respiratory disease on veal calves is briefly discussed. PMID- 7303450 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans and fragmentation of the coronoid process in the elbow joint of the dog. AB - Of 26 dogs with elbow osteochondrosis, 11 had osteochondritis dissecans of the medial humeral condyle, seven had fragmentation of the coronoid process of the ulna and eight had both these lesions. Sixteen cases had bilateral involvement. The labrador and retriever breeds were most often affected and the male sex predominated. The clinical features included a foreleg lameness in a young immature dog with pain localised to the elbow joint. The most consistent radiological feature was the presence of osteophyte development especially on the dorsal aspect of the anconeal process, caused by secondary osteoarthritis. The authors are not certain that surgical treatment of elbow osteochondrosis is justified; more extended long-term studies are necessary before surgical and conservative therapeutic regimens can be fully evaluated. PMID- 7303451 TI - Hypomagnesaemia in cows. PMID- 7303452 TI - Metaldehyde poisoning. PMID- 7303453 TI - 3-nitro toxicity in pigs. PMID- 7303454 TI - G-band patterns of the karyotype of Bos indicus. PMID- 7303455 TI - Bendiocarb poisoning. PMID- 7303456 TI - Hound ataxia. PMID- 7303457 TI - Lamb survival. PMID- 7303458 TI - Mannosidosis in Aberdeen Angus cattle in Britain. AB - Mannosidosis, an inherited and lethal lysosomal storage disease of Aberdeen Angus cattle, was diagnosed on a farm in north-east Scotland. Two affected calves were examined in detail. Both were poorly grown and ataxic, though the intention tremor and aggression considered characteristic of the disease were not recorded. Histological examination revealed typical vacuolation of nerve cells, fixed macrophages and epithelial cells of the viscera. Deficiency of the enzyme alpha mannosidase was demonstrated. The epidemiology of the disorder in Scotland is considered and control methods indicated. PMID- 7303459 TI - The isolation of Mycoplasma columbinum and M columborale from feral pigeons. PMID- 7303460 TI - Morbidity of street speed - an update. PMID- 7303461 TI - Poison prevention packaging enforcement program: Washington State findings. PMID- 7303462 TI - Radiopacity of drugs and plants in vivo-limited usefulness. PMID- 7303464 TI - A model for revitalization of a poison center. PMID- 7303463 TI - Report of a 1979-80 survey of poison control centers in Canada. PMID- 7303465 TI - Update on imprinting. PMID- 7303466 TI - An analysis of abstract contributions to our annual meetings. PMID- 7303467 TI - Suspected child abuse and neglect presenting as an ingestion of toxic substances. PMID- 7303468 TI - Sequestration of iron by magnesium oxide: an in vitro study. PMID- 7303469 TI - Failure of narcan to reverse clonidine toxicity. PMID- 7303470 TI - Narcotic withdrawal in children under intense care therapy. PMID- 7303471 TI - Acute lethal arsenite poisoning in mice: effect of treatment with N acetylcysteine, D-penicillamine and dimercaprol on survival time. PMID- 7303472 TI - Acute topical exposure to a mixture of benzene, chloracetyl chloride and xylidine. PMID- 7303473 TI - Effects of dietary changes on alkalinization of urine pH. PMID- 7303474 TI - Cimetidine protects against acetaminophen hepatoxicity. PMID- 7303475 TI - [Urea content in the blood serum and fertility in cows]. AB - The interrelation between dietary protein, total protein level and blood serum urea, and conception rate in cows has been studied in the course of two four month periods on two dairy farms with a total of 150 test cows that were fed on varying rations. It has been demonstrated that the level of serum urea corresponded to the amount of protein in the diet (in percent of dry matter) and could be used in meeting the protein requirements of cows. The content of total protein has not proved to be a suitable index for the same purpose. A weak or moderate negative correlation (from r=-0.07 to r=0.43) has been found to exist between the amount of total protein and that of urea in the serum. The correlation method of Orlov - Dounyov has been used to determine the interrelation between the level of total protein and urea in the blood serum, on the one hand, and the total conception, the conception rate at first insemination, and the cases of anaphrodisia, on the other. It has been found that cows with urea levels closer to the Blowey values (optimal level of 25 mg%) show higher conception rate. The high content of protein in the rations, resp. of urea in the blood serum is an important factor in the etiology of anaphrodisia in cows. No such correlation has been established with regard to total protein. PMID- 7303476 TI - [Antigenic structural studies of S. aureus strains in mastitis in cows]. AB - Studied were the antigenic behaviours of S. aureus strains isolated from mastitis affected cows on ten dairy farms, using factorial immune sera obtained against human S. aureus strains of a known antigenic structure. One hundred fifty (57 per cent) out of 263 strains proved typable, while 113 (43 per cent) did not produce positive agglutination reaction with any of the factorial sera. Considerable variation was established within the antigenic structure of S aureus. The k1, k2, b1, c1, n, and m antigens were most frequently encountered. PMID- 7303477 TI - [Etiological study of mastitis in cows]. AB - The rapid mastitis test was employed to study a total of 13 880 cows on 40 farms. Positive for mastitis proved 2384 udder quarters. Clinically manifested mastitis was established in 3.23 per cent of the cases, subclinical mastitis - in 58.14 per cent, carrier status - in 12.55 per cent, secretion disturbances - in 22.58 per cent, and normal proved 3.84 per cent. In the mastitis-positive cases pathogenic streptococci were isolated in 57.14 per cent of the quarters, staphylococci - in 20.77 per cent, Corynebacteria - in 9.09 per cent, and other bacteria - in 5.19 per cent. In the cases with subclinical mastitis staphylococci accounted for 40.93 per cent, streptococci - for 38.7 per cent, Corynebacteria - for 14.22 per cent, and other organisms - for 6.0 per cent. Most frequently encountered were the carriers of staphylococci - 46.8 per cent, followed by those of Corynebacteria - 26.4 per cent, and of streptococci - 20.73 per cent. PMID- 7303478 TI - [Immunobiological and antigenic studies of Babesia ovis strains in Bulgaria]. AB - A comparative study was carried out on the immunologic and antigenic properties of 8 strains of Babesia ovis isolated in 5 districts of the country. The immunologic capacity was tested through challenging with each of the strains in group of 4 weaned lambs that were preliminary vaccinated with one of the strains Veliko Turnovo. Two nonvaccinated animals were included in each group, serving as controls. The strength of immunity was checked by both the temperature and the parasitic reaction as well as through the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels of the challenged lambs. With the exception of one spleen - ectomized animal in each group the vaccinated weaned lambs showed solid immunity against both the homogeneous and heterologic strains. The same result was confirmed also with an analogous biologic experiment with a total of 19870 sheep in 28 enzootic foci in the same 5 districts and in 2 other districts of the country. Cross serologic investigations by means of the complement - fixation test, the agar gel precipitation reaction and IRPA with homologous and heterologous antisera revealed identic or close antigenic properties in the tested strains. In is concluded that the Veliko Turnovo strain can be used to prepare a vaccine for the immunoprophylaxis of babesiasis in sheep in the investigated districts. In is also stated that the serologic reactions, and, more specifically, IRPA can be employed in the antigenic study and differentiation of individual Babesia ovis strains. PMID- 7303479 TI - [Effect o the lighting regimen on breeding chickens of the Plymouth Rock strain]. AB - Studied was the effect of various illumination regimes on breeding birds of the Plymouth line 33. Examined were some hematologic and biochemical indices (vitamin content, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin amount, total protein, calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood serum, and alkali reserves of the blood). The liveweight, morbidity rate, development of internal genitalia, egg laying, hatchable eggs and their incubation quality, and the intake of feed per unit of produce were also followed up. Established were the contents of vitamin A, total protein, and alkali reserves of the blood under the effect of light intensity. Besides, some changes in the level of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus in the blood serum were noted. Data are given with regard to the changes in the development of the internal genital organs, egg laying capacity, incubation properties, and forage intake per unit of produce as they set in under the influence of illumination intensity. PMID- 7303481 TI - [Pesticide residues in honey]. AB - Investigated were a total of 40 samples of flower honey from seven regions of the country (the districts of Mihailovgrad, Gorna Oryahovitsa, Turgovishte, Plovdiv, Pazarjik, Sliven, and Byala Slatina). In 20 per cent of the samples there were traces of the phosphororganic pesticides trichlorfon and DDVF, and in 32 per cent - traces of chlororganic insecticides - HChCH and DDE. The studies made use of the agar diffusion, thin layer chromatography, and gas chromatography methods. It was established that honey was a product that was negligibly contaminated with pesticides. The residual amounts found were minimal (0.0002 to 0.00060 ppm) and were within the range of the admissible Bulgarian and international standards concerning the respective pesticides in food products. These amounts were found to correspond to the values established by other authors. PMID- 7303480 TI - [Biological activity of vitamin E in feed mixtures with a varying santoquin content]. AB - Studied was the content of vitamins A and E as well as that of fats, aldehydes, and peroxides and the biologic activity of vitamin E with regard to the amount of santoquin in combined forage mixtures for birds. The experiments were carried out with a finisher forage mixture for broilers to which santoquin was added in amounts of 0.010, 0.016, 0.020, and 0.025 per cent. It was found that at an antioxidant concentration of 0.020 per cent a best protection of the biologic vitamin E activity was provided. The rapid inactivation of vitamin E at a level of santoquin lower than 0.016 per cent was associated with the intense deposition of products of the final oxidation when fats turned rancid. Taking into consideration the importance of fats as a source of energy a 0.020 per cent level of santoquin in the forage mixtures for broilers is suggested. PMID- 7303482 TI - [Use of the hemadsorption method to demonstrate the African swine fever virus in Angola]. AB - Attempts were made to modify the hemadsorption method used in the demonstration of the African swine fever virus. Use was made of fourteen strains of the virus with known hemadsorption properties and infectious titers, which were replicated in leukocyte cultures of swine blood, in three variants: (a) at direct infection of the cultures without changing the medium; (b) at infecting with changing the medium and adding erythrocytes to the new medium; and (c) infecting the cultures with changing the medium and adding 0.2 cm3 2 per cent erythrocyte suspension to each test tube at the 16th hour following infection. It was shown that in its third variant the hemadsorption method yielded most clearly expressed results, and all suspective fields were eliminated, the result being recorded as early as the second hour after the addition of erythrocytes, i.e., at the 18th hour following the infecting of cultures. With the third modification of the method no phagocytosis of the present erythrocytes effected by the emerging macrophages, which is common for the other two variants, could take place. PMID- 7303483 TI - [Method for obtaining Paramphistomum daubneyi, Dinnik, 1962 metacercariae]. AB - Miracidium ova were obtained from the feces of a ram that was experimentally infected with Paramphistomum daubneyi. The fecal masses were extended in the respective amount of water and were passed through a standard sieve, 0.150 and 0.080. The ova were collected in the second sieve, and were rinsed several times after the method of successive sedimentation. They were cultured in a thermostat at 26 degrees C in the course of 12 days. Test molluscs of the G. truncatula species (a laboratory strain) were raised after the method of Kendall, and were infected wtih 2 to 5 miracidia each. The cercariae matured for 32 to 50 days and remained in the infected molluscs. The shedding of mature cercariae was enhanced by placing the molluscs on narrow leaves of Plantago lanceolata under a thin layer of dechlorinated water at 15-20 degrees C. At temperature values of 10-15 degrees C and 20-25 degrees C the elimination of cercariae was retarded, while at higher ones (above 25 degrees C) it completely ceased. The eliminated cercariae were slightly motile. They formed cysts on the leaf surface in 10-30 min. The first challenge was carried out 50-60 days after infecting the molluscs, and the following ones--at 7-10-day intervals. The metacercariae were allowed to stay at room temperature for 48 hours after which they were either used in tests or kept in a refrigerator at 1-4 degrees C. Prior to using them in an experiment they were taken from the leaf surface through washing the leaves and were counted. As many as 94 up to 1628 metacercariae were obtained from a single snail. PMID- 7303484 TI - [Zoohygienic parameters in different types of sheep houses]. AB - Investigations were carried out to establish to what extent optimal microclimate conditions were provided for sheep on premises of different building-and construction design developed after projects of Balkanstroy, Polimerstroy, Agropromproekt, and those of the type of Trun. It was found that the investigated buildings did not provide optimal temperature-and-moisture regime for the animals in the winter season because of their unsuccessful construction design and the insufficient heat isolation of their construction elements. The lack of ventilation equipment as well as the ineffective use of the existing fans and the incorrect technologic process also led to the deterioration of the air medium within the buildings. PMID- 7303485 TI - [Comparative studies of climatic conditions and the effect of climate in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and in the People's Republic of Bulgaria on the microclimate in housing for commercial poultry breeding]. AB - Comparative studies were carried out on the climate aspects in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the People's Republic of Bulgaria. Tested was the effect of the typical tropic and the typical continental climate in buildings for the industrial raising of birds. Data were provided of the solar radiation and the temperature and moisture characteristics of the climate in the two countries. On the basis of these studies and the results obtained in the raising of broilers concrete suggestions were made to optimize the technology of bird raising in Vietnam. PMID- 7303486 TI - [Quality of raw cow's milk]. AB - Studies were carried out on a total of 1459 batches of raw cow milk intended for processing with regard to the standard indices--temperature, titratable acidity, and mechanical contamination. The same batches were also investigated in terms of total bacterial contamination and coliform count. It was found that the quality of milk was good. Only 21 per cent of the investigated samples did not correspond to the standard requirements because of insufficient cooling, 0.2 per cent of the samples showed higher acidity, and 1.4 per cent were with mechanical admixtures. The total microbial content of the investigated milk varied in 52 per cent of the samples from 0.1 to 1 x 10/7cm3. It was established that microbial contamination correlated strongly with the season. The coliform count in about 27 per cent of the samples was up to 1 x 10(4), and in about 42 per cent it was above 1 x 10(5)/cm3. Highest coliform numbers were noted during the warm months. There existed a correlation between the total bacterial contamination and the amount of coliforms, which was more clearly expressed in batches of high and low bacterial count. PMID- 7303487 TI - [Enterococcal studies of uncut raw dried meat products]. AB - Studies were carried out on a total of 75 samples of raw-dried meat products of a compact type--dried beef, Gabrovska Keiser dried meat, pig salted neck, rolled meat Trapezitsa, V. Turnovo delicacy, and Elena fillet, to establish the amount of Staphylococcus bacteria. It was found that the enterococcus titer of this type of meat products varied from 10(-1) to 10(-4), depending on the product. Most strongly contaminated with enterococci proved the pig salted neck. The higher amounts of enterococci in the studied products as well as their higher resistance to the action of unfavourable factors (ph, NaCl, water content) showed their advantage over the coliform bacteria as sanitary-index organisms in raw-dried meat products of a compact type. Various ratios of all species of enterococci were established in these products. Str. faecius was most often found (32.44 per cent), followed by Str. faecalis (26.22 per cent), Str. faecalis var. liquefaciens (16.00 per cent), and Str. durans (12.00 per cent). Str. faecalis var. zymogenes (8.00 per cent) and Str. bovis (5.33 per cent) were isolated less frequently from some of the products only. PMID- 7303488 TI - [Agents for the aerosol disinfection of the air in meat freezers]. AB - Studies were carried out on the use of aerosol disinfection with lactic acid and sorbic acid at rates of 15, 30, and 50 mg per 1 m3 air in chambers for the conservation of meat and meat products at temperatures within the range of 0 to 2 degrees C. Moulds of the Penicillium genus and psychrophile organisms (Pseudomonas, Alkaligenes, and Flavobacter) were used as test microbial species. It was found that the disinfection effect of lactic acid used in the form of aerosol was the same as that of sorbic acid when psychorophiles served as test bacteria, and was essentially better in the disinfection of the air in refrigerators and the surface of meat when Penicillium moulds were used. In concentrations of up to 50 mg/m3 both lactic acid and sorbic acid had no adverse effect on the organoleptic indices of meat during refrigerator storage. PMID- 7303489 TI - [Routes of ampicillin elimination in agricultural animals]. AB - Studied were ampicillin-Na and ampicillin-trihydrate of an 800 IU/mg activity. The first was applied in the form of aqueous solution, and the second--in the form of an aqueous suspension. It was found that i/m injection of ampicillin trihydrate to sheep (10 and 25 mg/kg) and lambs (10 and 20 mg/kg) led to the elimination of the antibiotic via the urine in bacteriostatic concentrations for 48 hours, while the application of ampicillin-Na under the same conditions led to its elimination in the course of 24 hours. In lactating ewes ampicillin was eliminated through the milk secretion. At a single muscular injection to ewes at the rate of 25 mg/kg ampicillin-Na was eliminated via the milk in higher concentrations, reaching a peak volume at the fourth hour--0.75 mg/cm3, for a shorter period of time (up to the 14th hour) as compared to ampicillin-trihydrate (up to 24th hour) when used in the same dose. When applied to laying hens directly through the crop at 60 mg/kg in the course of six days it was excreted during treatment and two days later via the eggs in therapeutic concentrations. PMID- 7303490 TI - Reaction spectrum of HBe antibodies. AB - Significant differences concerning the in vitro reaction spectrum were found between two groups of 30 anti-HBe samples, one from apparently healthy HBsAg carriers, the other from HBsAg-positive acute viral hepatitis (AVH) patients : the mean number of positive reactions per anti-HBe sample was of 7.00 +/- 2.25 in the former and of 3.60 +/- 1.42 in the latter group. The broader reaction spectrum of anti-HBe from apparently healthy subjects (overall positivity percentage--54%, as against 26% in AVH patients) suggests some explanations regarding the different evolution modalities of hepatitis B virus infection in terms of the organism's capacity to develop a specific response. PMID- 7303491 TI - Considerations on the possible utilization of a data bank in the surveillance and control of acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 7303492 TI - Investigations on HBe antigen. Note II. Dynamics of HBsAg in acute viral hepatitis, according to HBeAg persistence or seroconversion. AB - Serum samples collected at 10-day intervals from 146 patients with acute viral hepatitis were tested for the presence of HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBe. During an observation period of 4 months HBe system seroconversion occurred in 70.5% of the the patients; a persistence of HBeAG was recorded in the remaining cases. Lower values of HBsAg prevalence and a shorter persistence of this antigen were recorded in the patients with HBe system seroconversion as compared with those showing HBeAg persistence, and in female as against male patients. PMID- 7303494 TI - Study of recombinants derived from autochthonous influenza virus type A strains. AB - Simultaneous inoculation of chick embryos with a standard laboratory influenza virus--A/PR8/34 (H0N1)--and with an autochthonous epidemic strain--belonging to the antigenic subtype A(H1N1) of A(H3N2), respectively--resulted in the isolation of two genetic recombinants, designated R1IVN (H1N1) and R2IVN (H3N2). Each recombinant was antigenically identical to its wild-type parent and exhibited a hemagglutinating titer in chick embryos about 4-fold greater than that of the autochthonous parental strain. PMID- 7303493 TI - The effect of an aqueous propolis extract, of rutin and of a rutin-quercetin mixture on experimental influenza virus infection in mice. AB - Investigations were performed on the effect of an aqueous propolis extract, of rutin and of a rutin-quercetin mixture on experimental infection with influenza virus A/PR8/34 (H0N1) in mice. Propolis extract administered intranasally 3 hours before virus inoculation led to a reduction of the HA titers recorded in the lung suspensions from infected mice, but to no reduction in mortality or increase in mean survival length. When the extract was administered 3 hours after virus inoculation, the reduction in HA titer was accompanied by a slight decrease in mortality and increase in mean survival length, Rutin and the rutin-quercetin mixture caused an increase in both HA titer and mortality. PMID- 7303495 TI - Late effects of acute phase hepatitis B sera in continuous cell lines. PMID- 7303496 TI - [Calcitonin therapy - possibilities and problems]. PMID- 7303497 TI - [Peptide hormones of the digestive tract]. PMID- 7303498 TI - [Importance of histochemical detection of enzymes in diagnosis]. PMID- 7303499 TI - [Interaction of HbsAg with specific anti-HBs immunoglobulin (its use in the determination of immunocomplexes in hepatitis diagnosis)]. PMID- 7303500 TI - [Labetalol in the treatment of resistant hypertension]. PMID- 7303501 TI - [The effect of probucol of bile composition]. PMID- 7303502 TI - [Relation of HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol to cardiorespiratory capacity as measured with spiroergometry]. PMID- 7303503 TI - [The significance of nutrition in internal medicine]. PMID- 7303504 TI - [Long-term natural history of congenital pulmonary valve stenosis and its treatment]. PMID- 7303505 TI - [Normal levels of circulating immune complexes as determined by polyethylene glycol precipitation]. PMID- 7303506 TI - [Programmed goal planning in managing an epidemic control system]. PMID- 7303507 TI - [Organization of dispensary care for the officer staff]. PMID- 7303508 TI - [Training the teacher for the military department of a medical college]. PMID- 7303509 TI - [Raising the qualifications of physicians and pharmacists, employees of the Soviet Army and Naval Fleet]. PMID- 7303510 TI - [Action of fission spectrum neutrons on the human body and the characteristics of the neutron lesion]. PMID- 7303511 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 7303512 TI - [Clinicoepidemiological characteristics of modern typhoid]. PMID- 7303513 TI - [Evaluation of the functional state of the human body]. PMID- 7303514 TI - [Characteristics of the hypothalmus-hypophysis-adrenal cortex system functioning in pilots]. PMID- 7303515 TI - [Dynamics of cerebral vascular engorgment and the work capacity of sailors during a cruise period]. PMID- 7303516 TI - [Control of smoking in a sanatorium]. PMID- 7303517 TI - [Dimexide sanative treatment of the bronchial tree in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7303518 TI - [Vacuum diagnosis and therapy of sinusitis]. PMID- 7303519 TI - [Neuritis of the peroneal nerve as a consequence of peripheral circulatory disturbance]. PMID- 7303520 TI - [Microsurgical treatment results in primary glaucoma]. PMID- 7303522 TI - [Current problems of improving the training of military medical personnel in medical staff internships]. PMID- 7303521 TI - [Severe complications of furunculi of the nose]. PMID- 7303523 TI - [Acclimating students to practical skills in a department of military field therapy]. PMID- 7303524 TI - [Optimizing the teaching of therapy in a military medicine department]. PMID- 7303525 TI - [Effectiveness of methods to control the incorporation of radionuclides that enter wounds]. PMID- 7303526 TI - [Rupture of a dissecting aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 7303527 TI - [Pulmonary artery thromboembolisms in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7303528 TI - [Antibiotic therapy of staphylococcal pyodermatitis]. PMID- 7303529 TI - [Seasonality of the epidemic process in anginas]. PMID- 7303530 TI - [Functional body state and work capacity under alpine conditions]. PMID- 7303531 TI - [Personality study of military school cadets]. PMID- 7303532 TI - [Use of the combined passive orthostatic test in aviation medical expertise]. PMID- 7303533 TI - [Natural body resistance of sailors during a postcruise rest period]. PMID- 7303534 TI - [Work mechanization in a medical warehouse]. PMID- 7303535 TI - [Deontology in the practice of the otorhinolaryngologist]. PMID- 7303536 TI - [Expert assessment of the venous and lymphatic outflow disorders after deep burns of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7303537 TI - [General anesthesia in a dental polyclinic]. PMID- 7303538 TI - [Thoracic duct drainage with lymphosorption in the combined treatment of serum hepatitis]. PMID- 7303539 TI - [Use of thoracoscopy in chest injuries]. PMID- 7303540 TI - [Blood serum lysozyme activity in wounds and severe multiple injury]. PMID- 7303541 TI - [Therapeutic and evacuation measures in burns]. PMID- 7303542 TI - [Fulfilling the decisions of the Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 7303543 TI - [Physical factors in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7303544 TI - [Health resort treatment results with chronic bronchitis in contrasting climatic zones at different seasons of the year]. PMID- 7303545 TI - [Clinicophysiological basis for using the sauna with hypertension patients]. PMID- 7303546 TI - [Myocardial contractile function in healthy persons and I- and IIa-stage hypertensives using a sauna]. PMID- 7303547 TI - [Internal use of mineral waters in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7303548 TI - [Effect of a dry air bath on the cardiovascular system of schoolchildren]. PMID- 7303549 TI - [Role of a base health resort in the work of sanatoria and preventoria]. PMID- 7303550 TI - [Electrosleep treatment methods]. PMID- 7303551 TI - [Effect of combined treatment including microwaves and inductothermy on external respiratory function and pulmonary hemodynamics in children with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 7303552 TI - [Autoradiographic study of DNA synthesis in the gastric epithelium in precancerous diseases]. AB - Histoautoradiographic procedures were employed to establish the level of cell proliferation in gastric epithelium, using biopsy material from 84 patients suffering from gastritis--59 cases (superficial)--10, glandular lesions other than atrophy--18, mild atrophy--13, moderate atrophy--11, severe atrophy--7), 17 cases of peptic ulcer and 8 patients with adenomatous polyposis. Cell proliferation level in patients with peptic ulcer and polyps was identical to those in cases of non-atrophic gastritis or mild atrophy of mucosa. In cases of gastritis, the rise in cell proliferation is matched by the advancement of atrophic changes and reaches its peak in patients with severe atrophic gastritis. It is suggested that chronic gastritis involving pronounced atrophy of mucosa constitutes the most important factor of risk of cancer among the other precancerous lesions of the stomach. PMID- 7303553 TI - [Use of intragastric pH measurement in stomach cancer]. AB - The method of intragastric pH-metry was used to assess the acid production in the stomach in 35 patients with gastric tumors. All patients with malignant tumors were divided into two groups with respect to site: tumors in the cardia and corpus (18 cases) and tumors in the antrum and pylorus (17 cases). Continuous low rate production of acid was registered. For cardial and corporal tumors, histamine-refractory anacidity predominated, while continuous low- and medium rate production of acid was observed in cases of pylorantral tumors. The procedure proved especially effective in determination of gastric secretion in patients with stomach tumors because due to its application it was found that hydrochloric acid secretion continued under the conditions when other methods failed to detect it. PMID- 7303554 TI - [Radionuclide methods in evaluating the sequelae of gastrectomy for cancer]. AB - The fat, protein and B12 absorption by the liver, kidney and small intestine was studied by radionuclide methods in gastric cancer patients during the preoperative period as well as within 15-30 days, 3-12 months and for more than a year following gastrectomy. It was observed that the function of the kidney, liver and B12 absorption was disturbed during the preoperative period. Gastrectomy caused a marked depression of the renal, hepatic and small intestinal function. During later periods following gastrectomy, these functions improved but were not restored to normal. PMID- 7303555 TI - [Computerized tomographic potentials in studying the organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space]. AB - The report deals with the evaluation of the results of 800 examinations of abdominal and retroperitoneal organs carried out with the aid of a third generation apparatus Somatom (Siemens; FRG). The lesions were responsible for changes in the relative density of the parenchyma (diffuse or local). In some cases, neoplasms were found which caused deformation and swelling of the organs. Due to application of densitometry, neoplasms were identified (liquid, adipose) and small-size calcinates and hemorrhages detected. The apparatus resolution varied within 0.3-2 cm, depending on the ratio of volumes of normal and tumor tissue. PMID- 7303556 TI - [Early and "latent" breast cancer]. AB - The results of microscopic study of the material obtained from 71 cases of clinically-occult cancer of the breast are reported. Generally, metastases into axillary lymph nodes are primary clinical manifestations. A histological description of dysplasia and preinvasive cancer of the breast is presented. Metastatic spreading in regional lymph nodes unaccompanied by microscopically detectable invasive tumor growth is discussed. PMID- 7303557 TI - [Hormonal transformation characteristics of endometrial adenoacanthoma in the process of progestin treatment]. AB - Changes in the histological structure of endometrial adenoacanthoma, as a result of treatment with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone capronate, are discussed. The biopsy and resected material obtained from 11 patients was studied. It was shown that hormono-therapy results in an increased structural and functional differentiation of the glandular and squamous-cell components of tumor. Sensitivity to 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone capronate was established in 81.1% +/ 11.6 of patients. PMID- 7303558 TI - [Blastomogenic action of low concentrations of nitrosodimethylamine, dimethylamine and nitrogen dioxide]. AB - The round-the clock inhalation of the mixture of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), dimethylamine (DMA) and nitrogen dioxide, with NDMA concentrations varying within 0.66-0.0026 mg/m3, was followed by development of tumors in the kidney, liver, lungs and at other sites in albino nonbred rats, after a year of exposure. Application of DMA and nitrogen dioxide modified the carcinogenic effect of NDMA. In male rats, the blastogenic effect of the mixture was higher, as compared with that of inhalation of NDMA alone. NDMA inhalation resulted in a lower tumor yield in female rats. PMID- 7303559 TI - [Limits and potentials of fiber esophagoscopy in detecting background diseases and early forms of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7303560 TI - [Angioendotheliomatosis of the lungs in a 4-month-old girl]. PMID- 7303561 TI - [Cerebral radiocirculographic studies in vibration disease]. PMID- 7303562 TI - [Role of aldosterone in the regulation of water-salt balance in workers of hot shops of the metallurgical plants]. PMID- 7303563 TI - [Effect of working conditions on the morbidity among workers of the sugar beet seed plants]. PMID- 7303564 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of focal meningococcal infection]. PMID- 7303565 TI - [Value of the cytogenetic studies in the diagnosis of hepatitis B surface antigen carrier state]. PMID- 7303566 TI - [Epidemiology and epizootiology of leptospirosis due to circulation of various serological variants of Leptospira]. PMID- 7303567 TI - [Oxygen supply in the muscle tissue in chronic ischemic heart disease during graded exercise]. PMID- 7303568 TI - [Characteristics of bifascicular and trifascicular heart block]. PMID- 7303569 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in auricular fibrillation]. PMID- 7303570 TI - [Treatment of primary atrial septal defects]. PMID- 7303571 TI - [Effect of anabolic steroids on the blood coagulation indicators in rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 7303572 TI - [Structural changes in the capillaries of the lesser circulation in pulmonary hypertension in patients with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 7303573 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of acquired bronchial fistula]. PMID- 7303574 TI - [Morphological changes in the kidneys in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 7303575 TI - [Adaptation of the heart to physical load in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis in the non-hypertensive stages]. PMID- 7303576 TI - [Diet in chronic renal failure (review of the literature)]. PMID- 7303577 TI - [Effect of Morshin mineral water from the No. 6 spring on various indicators of the kidney function and water-electrolyte metabolism]. PMID- 7303578 TI - [Carboxycathepsin activity in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7303579 TI - [Classification of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7303580 TI - [Effect of sodium succinate on the acid-forming and motor activities of the stomach in tuberculosis]. PMID- 7303581 TI - [Study of dermatoglyphics in chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 7303582 TI - [Significance of negative data of the cholecystocholangiography in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis and non-visualized gallbladder]. PMID- 7303583 TI - [Correction of vitamin deficiency in chronic biliary tract diseases during health resort treatment]. PMID- 7303584 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of the liver and spleen scanning in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7303585 TI - [Vegetative-vascular and visceral paroxysms in chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 7303586 TI - [Plasma prostaglandin content in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7303587 TI - [Indicators of apparent blood viscosity and zeta-potential of the erythrocytes in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7303588 TI - [Fibrinogen degradation products in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7303589 TI - [Fibrinolytic activity of blood and thyroid tissue in nodular goiter and thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 7303590 TI - [Hemodynamics and external respiration in Addison's disease]. PMID- 7303591 TI - [Clinico-morphological correlations in tumours localized in the frontal lobe and corpus callosum areas]. PMID- 7303592 TI - [Drug electrophoresis]. PMID- 7303593 TI - [Clinical characteristics and treatment of cognition disorders in epilepsy]. PMID- 7303594 TI - [Complex treatment of unfavourable course of epilepsy in adolescents with anticonvulsants and complamin]. PMID- 7303596 TI - [Bacterioscopy of a sputum smear in the diagnosis of acute pneumonias]. PMID- 7303595 TI - [Toxicity criteria in the evaluation of the allergic effect of chemical substances]. PMID- 7303597 TI - [Criteria for assessing work capacity in chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7303598 TI - [Use of steroid preparations in the combined treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7303599 TI - [Peripheral hemodynamic state in disseminated sclerosis]. PMID- 7303600 TI - [Use of a dialysable nonpolypeptide thymus factor for treating neurodermatitis]. PMID- 7303602 TI - [Oxyhemometric data and blood flow rate changes in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7303601 TI - [Factors determining the prognosis of severe craniocerebral trauma]. PMID- 7303603 TI - [Morphological changes in the microcirculatory bed of skeletal muscle in experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7303604 TI - [Blood coagulation and lipid metabolic indices in persons with risk factors for ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7303605 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of chronic ischemic heart disease patients in a polyclinic]. PMID- 7303606 TI - [Epidemiological study of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors in an unorganized male population]. PMID- 7303607 TI - [Use of vasodilators in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7303608 TI - [Rheographic method of determining the rate of pulse wave spreading]. PMID- 7303609 TI - [Effect of heparin on the physical loading tolerance of chronic coronary insufficiency patients]. PMID- 7303611 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic interrelation of hypoxic-dystonic and allergic states]. PMID- 7303610 TI - [Clinico-biochemical comparisons in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7303612 TI - [Importance of echocardiography in detecting a blood supply disorder of the left ventricle during bicycle ergometry]. PMID- 7303613 TI - [Evolutionary-clinical analysis of blood circulation in the vertebrobasilar arterial system]. PMID- 7303614 TI - [Effect of physical training on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in persons of different ages]. PMID- 7303615 TI - [Intercoronary "steal" syndrome in middle-aged and elderly persons with hypertension]. PMID- 7303616 TI - [Causes of thromboses of the major brain arteries in arteriosclerosis and hypertension]. PMID- 7303617 TI - [Experience in conducting a screening program to detect arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7303618 TI - [Atypical visceral form of systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 7303619 TI - [Hemodynamic status of thyrotoxicosis patients]. PMID- 7303620 TI - [Music in the combined treatment of the initial manifestations of a disorder of the brain blood supply]. PMID- 7303622 TI - [Changes in myocardial contractile function in kidney failure patients treated by programmed hemodialysis]. PMID- 7303621 TI - [Enzyme content of the peripheral blood leukocytes in rheumatism]. PMID- 7303623 TI - [Classification of chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 7303624 TI - [Clinical picture of chronic calculous cholecystitis in young patients]. PMID- 7303625 TI - [Changes in enzyme activity in chronic liver and biliary tract diseases treated at the Mirgorod health resort]. PMID- 7303626 TI - [Respiratory tract diseases in city dwellers]. PMID- 7303627 TI - [Blast transformation reaction of the peripheral blood lymphocytes from persons inoculated with a tick-borne encephalitis vaccine]. AB - The indices of blast transformation of lymphocytes to polyclonal mitogens of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and to tick-borne encephalitis virus antigen (TBE) were studied in 80 individuals in the course of vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. In the time course of vaccination reactions of blast transformation of lymphocytes was found to decrease to PHA and to increase to TBE and PWM antigens; spontaneous blast transformation also increased. Increased blast transformation reaction to TBE and PWM antigen correlated with the results of serological studies. PMID- 7303628 TI - [Comparative study of the viremia in tick-borne encephalitis in immune and nonimmune animals]. AB - A long-term viremia (12 days postinoculation, the observation period) of both cellular and plasma type was detected in mice experimentally infected with tick borne encephalitis virus, the Sophyin strain. Preliminary vaccination was found to prevent viremia in experimentally infected animals. Comparative studies of cellular and humoral immune responses in vaccinated mice showed the cellular immune responses to be most important in eliminating the virus upon subsequent experimental inoculation of mice with tick-borne encephalitis virus. PMID- 7303629 TI - [Explantation method of isolating a persistent tick-borne encephalitis virus from the organs of infected monkeys]. AB - The method of explantation was used to examine 63 organs from M. rhesus monkeys 92-783 days after intracerebral and subcutaneous inoculation with the Vasilchenko, Aina/1448 and 41/65 strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus. The optimal time for examination of the explants by tests of the hemagglutinating, cytopathogenic activity of the virus and its pathogenicity for mice was found to be the 15th day of cultivation. A comparative study of the properties of 3 isolates obtained from explants of the spleen, liver and subcortical cerebral ganglia 202 and 307 days after inoculation of monkeys was carried out. The isolates differed from the parental TBE virus strains by their capacity to form small plaques in PEKV cell cultures (pig embryo kidney cells in versen medium). PMID- 7303630 TI - [Acute and chronic Lassa virus infection of Vero cells]. AB - Acute and persistent infections of Vero cells with a cloned Lassa virus were studied. After acute infection at a multiplicity of 2 PFU/cell the latent period was 12-16 hrs and the maximum yield of virus particles in the growth medium was obtained 28-32 hours postinfection. A persistently infected cell line was established by inoculating Vero cells with the cloned Lassa virus followed by subcultivation of the infected cells. The infected cells underwent 36 passages. Lassa virus production by the infected cells followed a cyclic pattern varying from 10(2) to 10(5) PFU/ml. Neither the plating efficiency of the virus nor its growth curves changes at 35 degrees C and 39 degrees C. The replication of the cloned virus in infected cells (superinfection) was markedly depressed in comparison to that of normal Vero cells infected with Lassa virus. The role of defective interfering particles in the establishment of persistent infection is discussed. PMID- 7303631 TI - [Variability of hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein proteins in the "Spanish" series of influenza viruses]. AB - Oligopeptide mapping and immunological methods were used to study influenza viruses of the evolutionary series Hsw1-H0-H1 isolated from man and animals. Among the animal viruses some possess hemagglutinins similar to those observed in the viruses isolated from man, while some viruses differ from them. These are assumed to be precursors of the viruses of "Spanish" influenza retained in animals. Variability of the nucleoprotein protein in the viruses under study was observed. PMID- 7303632 TI - [Protein variability of influenza A viruses]. AB - Comparative studies of nonstructural (NS) protein, nucleoprotein protein (NP) and membrane protein (M) of some influenza virus strains were performed by peptide mapping. The greatest differences were found in peptide maps of NS and NP proteins of influenza viruses whereas tryptic 35S-methionine maps of membrane proteins were much less variable. No correlation between the oligopeptide composition of NP, M, and NS proteins and the natural host range of the influenza A viruses under study was found. PMID- 7303633 TI - [Improvements in the classification and nomenclature of the influenza A viruses]. PMID- 7303634 TI - [Arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7303635 TI - [Thin-layer chromatographic method of separating porphyrin methyl esters isolated from biological materials]. AB - A highly sensitive thin layer chromatographic method for the separation of porphyrin fractions and calculation of their percentage ratio was put into practice for the first time in our country. It was elaborated on the base of Doss method with some modifications. It enables the separation of the various porphyrin fractions as porphyrinmethyl esters in urine, feces, serum and liver. The chromatograms were directly read by a fluorescent densitometer MPF--43, with an appliance for thin layer chromatographic plaques (Hitachi). The method is with a valuable clinical significance in the diagnostics and follow-up of the patients with porphyria and in the studies on the disturbances in porphyrin metabolism. PMID- 7303636 TI - [Pancreatic exocrine secretion in chronic alcoholism]. AB - Pancreas exocrine secretion in 45 patients with chronic alcoholism was studied. Pancreocimene-secretion test was carried out in all of them, with the determination of pancreas secretion, concentration of bicarbonate excreted, amount of the secreted bicarbonates and a total quantity of the secreted diastase and lipase. Serum provocative test was carried out in parallel. The results were compared with the control group of 30 healthy subjects. Disturbed pancreas secretion was found in 57,7 per cent of the subjects examined, the volume of secretion being reduced in 37,7 per cent of the patients, bicarbonate secretion- in 44 percent; amount of secreted bicarbonates--in 51,1 per cent, quantity of secreted lipase--in 57,7 per cent and diastase--in 51,1 per cent of the patients. The discrepancies with the control group are statistically significant. In 42,2 per cent of the examined--positive provocative test was established. Hypersecretion of liquids and bicarbonates was found in 13,3 per cent of the patients. The severity of the changes in pancreas secretion depends on the amount and duration of alcohol consumption. PMID- 7303637 TI - [Bacterial intestinal microflora of patients with a constipation syndrome]. AB - The authors studied the bacterial intestinal microflora (BIMF) according to Henel method in 28 patients with constipation syndrome. The following was found: - Normal ratio of BIMF in one patient; --Reduced percentage participation of anaerobic lactobacteria in 18 patients; --Increased number of Escherichia coli in 3 patients; --Proteus was over 100 000 in 1.0 feces in 6 patients or in 27 out of 28 patients dysbiosis was found. The authors explained the disturbances of the normal BIMF with the retention of feces in the large intestine, providing conditions for mass bacterial proliferation. PMID- 7303639 TI - [Immunological studies of glomerulonephritis]. AB - The serum levels of immunoglobulins G, A and M, C3, HBsAg and E rosettes were studied in 101 patients with various histologic forms of glomerulonephritis. The cell-conditioned immunity to antigens of glomerular basal membrane and RTE antigen were studied in 39 patients with glomerulonephritis and 53 patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy. Significantly increased serum levels of IgG, IgH and IgM were found as well as a decrease of the serum values of C3 in 40,6 per cent of the patients and circulating immune complexes in 47.5 per cent of them; 7 per cent of the patients were positive to HBsAg in serum. E-rosettes were significantly lower as compared with those of the healthy, in 46.5 per cent of the patients being under the norms. The cell conditioned immunity to GBM antigen was found in 53.8 per cent of the patients with chronic glomerulonephritis examined and to RTE antigen in 58.5 per cent of the patients with BEN. The changes found were interpreted as a disturbance in immune responses, characterized by the inhibition of T and activation of B cells, the presence of CIC, C3 reduction and high HBsAg percentage being an expression of that. PMID- 7303638 TI - [Ester-bound cholesterol composition in high-density lipoproteins]. AB - Fifty four workers (28 males and 26 females) from a chemical plant were studied. The basic lipid indices--cholesterine and triglycerides were determined. The population group examined was almost homogenous as regards age and lipid state. The level of HDL-cholesterine was determined after HDL separation via dextran sulphate and MgCl2 sedimentation. The analysis was performed after the extraction of the lipid component. In another part of the extract, cholesterine esters were determined via Ag+-thin layer chromatography, according to density rate of fatty acids in its composition. The patients were provisionally grouped according to the data on HDL-cholesterine, namely--under and over and 35 mg% (males) and 45 mg% (females). The level of cholesterine--linoleate and arachidonate were discussed in the thus differentiated groups of the examined. HDL was presumed to eliminate not only cholesterine from the peripheral tissues but to regulate the level of the system linoleic--arachidonic acids, being genetically associated with biosynthesis of prostaglandin-like substances. The high HDL level in serum, regulating the substrate provision for biosynthesis of prostaglandin-like substances is also admitted to contribute to the equilibrium in the physiological activity of prostaglandin-antagonists as well. PMID- 7303640 TI - [Retrospective assessment of the preinfarction period]. AB - The prodromal symptoms were retrospectively assessed in 100 patients with acute infarction of myocardium. The authors found preinfarction state in 48 per cent of the patients. In 95 per cent of the cases pain paroxysm was the basic manifestation. In 60,42 per cent it was accompanied by rhythm disturbances and to a lesser degree by some other symptoms: sense of lack of air, unusual fatigability, conductivity disturbances, vegetative manifestations, etc. In 43,75 per cent of the patients, electrocardiograms were recorded and in 80,95 per cent a lowered, bi-phase or negative T-wave was found and in 47,62 per cent--S--T depression. PMID- 7303641 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct: the importance of the coronary circulation type in the atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary arteries, the development of thromboses, the localization of the acute infarcts and their evolution]. AB - Analysis was made to 270 deceased with acute myocardial infarction. The signs discussed were: type of coronary circulation, sex and age, nosological belonging, atherosclerosis affection and allocation of thrombosis in coronary arteries. The acute infarction lesions were characterized according to site, layers involved, left ventricular mass engaged mural thrombosis and acute aneurysms ruptures. Consideration was given to myocardiosclerosis, postinfarction cicatrices and chronic aneurysms, hypertrophic rate, duration of recent infarction, thromboembolic complications and death causes. Essential discrepancies were found for the separate coronary types as regards stenosis distribution, predominating affection of separate coronary vessels, site of coronary thrombosis, infarction, resp., infarction extent (layer and mass), rupture incidence, acute aneurysms and postinfarction cicatrices. The study revealed that left coronary type was the most unfavourable terrain for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7303642 TI - [Comparison of the electrocardiographic and pathologo-anatomic data in 110 fresh myocardial infarct patients]. AB - The electrocardiograms of 110 patients with recent myocardial infarction treated and died at CCVD--RI of CVD, MA, were studied. The electrocardiographic image was juxtaposed to the pathological finding. The analysis revealed that 86.3 per cent of the infarctions were diagnosed and localized properly via the 12 routine leads. In the group of undistinguished transmural infarctions (11 patients) the patients with posterior myocardial infarction predominated (8 patients), patients with bundle branch block (1 patient with left bundle branch block, 2 patients with right bundle branch block and 1 patient with left anterior fascicular block) and an opposite healed myocardial infarction was present in six of the patients deceased. Among the deceased with the non-diagnosed non-transmural infarctions (4 patients), three were with a posterior localization, one with left bundle branch block and in all of them--healed myocardial infarctions were found. No complete coincidence between the ECG and pathologoanatomical idea was established as regards non-transmural and transmural myocardial infarction, because in half of the patients with non-transmural infarction, confirmed at necropsy, a pathological O deflection was found. The clinical value of the electrocardiographic classification of myocardial infarctions as transmural and non-transmural is discussed. PMID- 7303643 TI - [Assessment of sinus node function using electrophysiological methods]. AB - Intracardial electrophysiological examination was conducted in 50 patients with suspicious or confirmed data about disturbed function of sinus node--namely: short-term auricular stimulation for determination of sinoatrial time (SAT) and long-term auricular stimulation with increasing frequency with analysis of the phenomena in the post-stimulation period--time of sinus node recovery (TSNR), corrected recovery time of sinus node (CRTSN=TSNR minus the basal cycle of auricle before stimulation), emerging of ectopic rhythm leaders and secondary pauses. The following data were obtained in the two groups of patients formed: Group I--26 patients with ECG data about disturbed function of sinus node (periods of sinus bradycardia under 40 beats (minute and/or sinus pauses over 1800 msec): SAT identical to 375 +/- 168; TSNR = 2714 +/- 562; CRTSN = 1684 +/- 347; SAT over 400 msec was found in 8 out of 22 patients; TSNR over 1400 msec in 20 out of 26 patients, CRTSN over 550 msec in 20 out of 26 patients. Ectopic rhythm leader occurred in the poststimulation interval in 5 out of 26 patients and in 4 patients--secondary pauses over 1800 msec were observed; Group II--24 patients, with no data about disturbed function of sinus node (according to the upper criteria): SAT = 254 +/- 91; TSNR +/- 1082 +/- 168; CRTSN = 326 +/- 108; SAT over 400 msec was observed in none of the patients from that group. TSNR over 1400 msec (but under 1700 msec) was found in one patient, CRTSN in the same patient and in the rest of that group was under 550 msec. No ectopic rhythm leaders and secondary pauses over 1200 msec were found in that group of patients during the poststimulation interval. SAT, TSNR and CRTSN were shortened with a statistical significance in both the patient groups after the administration of atropine--I mg intravenously and the reexamination but in 5 patients from group I TSNR, CRTSN were paradoxically lengthened and became pathological. The electrophysiological methods for the studies on sinus node and the electrophysiological parameters, obtained via them, could contribute to the characterization and assessment of the functional potentialities of sinus node as well as to a better understanding of the mechanism of its injury. PMID- 7303645 TI - [Cardiomyopathies in warm climate]. PMID- 7303644 TI - [Diagnostic value of the spatial velocity electrocardiogram in myocardial infarct]. AB - The object of the study were 220 patients with a myocardial infarction, confirmed clinically, enzymatically and electrocardiographically. Seventeen indices were studied, processed via variation analysis with 8 sites of the infarction alterations. The results were compared with those in subjects with intact hearts, examined and described by the authors in another study with the aid of the same devices. The size of the maximum space velocity is most significantly decreased in all myocardial sites. The results, summed up for anterior and posterior inferior sites are also presented. The sensitivity of some of the indices was determined as well as the correlation dependence with the level of serum creatine phosphokinase. Highest proved to be the sensitivity of the maximum space velocity (100%), an index correlating with the level of serum creatine-phosphokinase between --0.60 and --0.64. Conclusions were drawn referring to some potentialities for a further application of the method. PMID- 7303646 TI - [Clinical examination of patients with various electrocardiographic forms of Wenckebach's period]. PMID- 7303647 TI - [Peripheral lymph node tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7303648 TI - [Intestinal obstruction caused by gallstones]. PMID- 7303649 TI - [Urinary tract injuries treated at a hospital surgical department]. PMID- 7303650 TI - [Arteriosclerosis risk factors in patients treated for cerebral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 7303651 TI - [Correlation between spontaneous NBT reduction index and the immunoglobulin level in adnexitis]. PMID- 7303652 TI - [Allergy to the most frequently used volatile oils in Poland]. PMID- 7303653 TI - [Effect of treatment on the course of purulent cerebrospinal meningitis]. PMID- 7303654 TI - [Case of manifest tetany in pregnancy]. PMID- 7303655 TI - [Case of late complication of implantation of mitral valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7303657 TI - [Case of esophageal perforation during gastroscopy]. PMID- 7303658 TI - [Dysplastic spondylolisthesis of C6]. PMID- 7303656 TI - [Large non-parasitic liver cyst]. PMID- 7303659 TI - [Chronic polyradiculoneuritis]. PMID- 7303660 TI - [Various problems of intensive medical care]. PMID- 7303661 TI - [Usefulness of the electromyographic examination of the intercostal muscles of children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7303662 TI - [Cerebrospinal meningitis in mumps]. PMID- 7303663 TI - [Remote results of supracystic urinary diversion in children by the Bricker's method]. PMID- 7303664 TI - [Asymptomatic brucellosis]. PMID- 7303665 TI - [Arteriosclerosis risk factors and the incidence of myocardial infarct in men and women ages 39-52 years]. PMID- 7303666 TI - [Remote results of surgical treatment of single renal cysts]. PMID- 7303667 TI - [Inflammatory tumors of the colon]. PMID- 7303668 TI - [Etiology of abdominal pain in preschool- and schoolchildren]. PMID- 7303669 TI - [Incidence of digestive system neoplasms]. PMID- 7303670 TI - [Information disequilibrium and methods of its correction]. PMID- 7303671 TI - [Kidney calculi in a patient with alkaptonuria]. PMID- 7303672 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in rare form of hemophilia b/manifestation in a 2-month old infant]. PMID- 7303674 TI - [Cervical spine algodystrophy in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7303673 TI - [Treatment of otosclerosis]. PMID- 7303675 TI - [Living and working conditions of the Polish medical team in Derna (Libya)]. PMID- 7303676 TI - [Effect of the method of digoxin administration on its serum levels]. PMID- 7303677 TI - [Differences in arterial blood pressure measured on the right and left arm]. PMID- 7303678 TI - [IgG, IgA and IgM levels in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7303680 TI - [Variations in the anatomy of cerebral arteries in relation to skull structure of healthy persons in Silesia]. PMID- 7303679 TI - [Various clinical and epidemiological aspects of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7303681 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin E 2 (Prostin E2) on the condition of newborn infants after induced labor]. PMID- 7303682 TI - [Anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7303683 TI - [Aortic rupture in an 18-year-old male with Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 7303684 TI - [Lung metastases in Pancoast's syndrome]. PMID- 7303685 TI - [Cholelithiasis in a patient with a rare bile duct abnormality]. PMID- 7303687 TI - [Sexual biorhythms]. PMID- 7303686 TI - [Rare case of intramural pregnancy]. PMID- 7303688 TI - [Is the intraoperative electrical stimulation test of Burge indispensable in order to ensure complete denervation in selective proximal vagotomy? (author's transl)]. AB - The success of selective proximal vagotomy in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer is dependent on complete denervation of the proximal part of the stomach, as well as on the preservation of antral innervation. Inadequate nerve dissection results in therapeutic failure. The most frequent cause of recurrent ulcers is incomplete vagal denervation of the acid-secreting cells. Therefore, it would seem desirable to use an intraoperative test to check completeness of vagotomy, giving the surgeon the possibility of rectifying an inadequate nerve section still at the time of operation. Among several methods the electrical stimulation test described by Burge and Vane has gained general acceptance. However, the question of whether the intraoperative test actually improves the results of vagotomy remains equivocal. In an initial series of 39 vagotomies we ensured completeness of denervation by the electrical stimulation test. In a subsequent series of 44 operations vagotomy was performed without the test. The patients were re-examined one and again two years following operation (clinical evaluation, gastroscopy and/or X-ray examination). The results of this retrospective analysis using the classification of Visick showed no difference between the two series. Hence, we have no reason to suppose that omission of the intraoperative test will result in an increased number of incomplete vagotomies, provided the surgeon has gained his experience in this operative procedure by using the test to check his surgical technique, which thereby becomes standardized. Thereafter, the Burge test becomes dispensible. PMID- 7303689 TI - [Multidisciplinary diagnostic approach to Fahr's syndrome, a familial disease (author's transl)]. AB - Fahr's syndrome is characterized by idiopathic non-arteriosclerotic, symmetric, intracerebral vascular sclerosis. On the basis of relevant literature and our own research, the necessity of multidisciplinary diagnosis is reviewed: psychiatric, neurological, medical, paediatric and radiological approaches are discussed. The early onset of diverse psychological alterations is regarded as significant. Extensive diagnosis seems justified by the at least theoretically possible means of prophylaxis and treatment in cases of Fahr's syndrome associated with hypoparathyroidism, pseudo-hypoparathyroidism and pseudo-pseudo hypoparathyroidism. This condition otherwise irreversibly leads to dementia. PMID- 7303690 TI - [Moducrin--a new combined preparation in the treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - A product combining 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide, 2.5 mg amiloride hydrochloride and 10.0 mg timolol maleate (Moducrin) was tested in 20 previously untreated hypertensive persons. The systolic blood pressure before treatment was 199.1 +/- 24.8 mmg Hg and after treatment 149.1 +/- 19.1 mm Hg. Diastolic blood pressure showed a drop from 120.9 +/- 11.9 mm Hg to 92.2 +/- 13.3 mm Hg. Both decreases were highly significant (p less than 0.01). The heart rate, moreover, was reduced during treatment from 81.5 +/- 11.1 beats per minute to 66.8 +/- 9.25 beats (p less than 0.01). Haemoglobin, haematocrit and serum uric acid showed significant changes, but did not reach pathological ranges. Treatment had to be stopped in only one case in this study because of incipient asthmatic bronchitis. We conclude that this combination drug has a very good antihypertensive effect and is well tolerated. PMID- 7303691 TI - [The serum uric acid level in the Viennese population (author's transl)]. AB - Serum uric acid determinations were made in 2,626 subjects (males and females) within the framework of the "Wiener Gesundheitsstudie 1979", at three distinct age levels (25, 40 and 60 years). The serum uric acid level in male subjects was found to have an arithmetic mean of 6.25 mg/dl, whereas in female subjects the serum uric acid levels, with an arithmetic mean of 4.66 mg/dl, were considerably lower. Levels of more than 7 mg/dl occurred in 3% of the female subjects, whereas hyperuricaemia was detected in 25.4% of the males. In addition, hyperuricaemia was correlated with other risk factors. A relation between hyperuricaemia and coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction was found in the subgroup of the 60 year-old men. There is, furthermore, a pronounced association between hyperuricaemia and a tendency to overweight. The "protective effect" of diabetes mellitus on hyperuricaemia was confirmed only in the subgroup of the 60 year-old men. PMID- 7303692 TI - [Treatment of pharmacotoxic psychoses with clopenthixol in patients with Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacotoxic psychoses resulting from therapy of advanced Parkinson's disease can occur in up to 60% of the patients. Treatment must not be completely discontinued in such cases. Clopenthixol (Sordinol, Ciatyl) in small dosage has been shown to be much more effective than all other types of therapy in the management of those psychoses. In a group of 28 patients treated with clopenthixol the progression of Parkinson's disease was not quicker than a control group of 30 patients not treated with clopenthixol. Both groups were of similar age and at a similar stage of the disease. PMID- 7303693 TI - [Serological diagnosis of syphilis by the SPHA test (author's transl)]. AB - Despite the availability of a broad spectrum of specific and non-specific tests for the serodiagnosis of syphilis, the interpretation of the results may be difficult and may frequently not provide sufficient information for a precise decision on the needs for antisyphilitic treatment. The present paper reports on the serological IgM tests (IgM-FTA-ABS; 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS) and, in particular, on the newly-developed SPHA test (solid phase hemadsorption). Present experience indicates that for the first time in syphilis serology this test unifies the advantages of high specificity, high sensitivity, low costs and extraordinary clinical value for the decision whether or not the patient needs antisyphilitic treatment. PMID- 7303694 TI - [Oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of ota) and blue nevus (author's transl)]. AB - Report is made of a patient having concurrently an Ota nevus and a blue nevus. The dermal melanocytes showed a marked formation of large intracytoplasmatic vacuoles. Reference to the important role of an "extracellular sheath" is made. The nearly identical ultrastructural characteristics of dermal melanocytes in various dermal melanocyte disorders seems to imply a common pathological origin in their development. PMID- 7303695 TI - [Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) and radioallergosorbenttest (RAST) (author's transl)]. AB - 38 children with bronchial asthma were investigated for allergy (RAST), non specific bronchial hyperreactivity (acetylcholine challenge) and reaction to physical exercise (free running and bicycle ergometry). 17 patients showed EIA caused by free running and 11 by cycloergometry. Patients with clear-cut allergy (n = 27, high RAST values, class 3 and 4) showed exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in a high percentage of cases (16 of 27 following running, 10 of 27 after bicycle ergometry). Such patients also had non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity. This would explain treatment failures after correctly performed specific immunotherapy. PMID- 7303696 TI - [Veratrum album poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - Ingestion of plant material rarely gives rise to manifest clinical intoxication. This is due to the relatively low toxicity of most of the poisonous plants of Central Europe. Veratrum album is an important exception on account of its highly toxic alkaloids. Seven cases of overt intoxication from veratrum album have been reported to the Austrian Poison Information Centre during the past 5 years. On the basis of these case reports toxicological and clinical aspects of this rare form of poisoning are discussed. PMID- 7303697 TI - [The significance of transcellular transport kinetics of urea and creatinine for haemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Transport kinetics of urea and creatinine across the cell wall was investigated on the model of azotaemic erythrocytes. Urea was found to pass rapidly across the cell membrane whilst the transport of creatinine is delayed to a calculated half time of approximately 12 minutes. Transport of metabolites play an important role in dialysis efficacy. the significance of transcellular transport kinetics of different molecules with respect to dialysis strategy is discussed. PMID- 7303699 TI - [Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women. The probability of being cured of this disease is below 50%. However, for certain stages of disease prognosis can be improved by the application of modern therapeutic strategies. The present paper deals firstly with the relationship between prognosis, staging, and tumour cell characteristics (receptor status and cell kinetic findings). Thereafter, selection and efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy and endocrine treatment is discussed and related to the prognostic different entities. The current therapeutic regimen of our group is outlined. PMID- 7303700 TI - [Intrauterine pressure and fetal and maternal heart rate on administration of the betamimetic agent, hexoprenaline during labour (author's transl)]. AB - The tocolytic effect of hexoprenaline was determined in 20 women by internal cardiotocography during labour. After 30 minutes of intravenous medication (0.3 microgram/min = dosage for massive tocolysis) the uterine activity decreased on average by 73.6%; the maternal pulse rate increased by 25.0%; the fetal heart rate showed no significant change. PMID- 7303698 TI - [Diagnostic approach to psychogenic processes--an attempt to differentiate psychodynamic patterns (author's transl)]. AB - An attempt is made to define "emotional reactions", a disease concept in child and adolescent neuropsychiatry which encompasses all processes of psychogenic origin. Emotional reaction, which is defined as psychophysical perturbation of short duration induced by trauma or some other event, is distinguished from neurotic reaction, one of the forms of an unconscious psychodynamic process, and from abnormal personality development, which encompasses all factors affecting psychological development, i.e. deprivation, stimulation, as well as abnormal field and environmental conditions. The differentiation between these 3 processes, which are based on entirely different psychodynamic patterns, has diagnostic and, of still greater importance, therapeutic implications. PMID- 7303701 TI - [The significance of immunological investigations during radiotherapy for breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The immune profile was controlled in 50 patients with breast cancer over a period of 5 years. No useful method for early detection, prognosis or exacerbation of disease could be developed from these findings for routine clinical work. PMID- 7303704 TI - [Cardiovascular disorders in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) (author's transl)]. AB - The acute porphyric crisis is a characteristic clinical feature common to all hereditary hepatic porphyrias (acute intermittent porphyria [AIP], porphyria variegata and hereditary coproporphyria). The crisis is marked by an acute disorder of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system. Autonomic disorders may play a major part and may provoke severe cardiovascular symptoms. According to the literature our findings support data describing supraventricular tachycardia as the most important sign, followed by hypertension--or, rarely, hypotension--cardioarrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. While tachycardia, blood pressure disturbances and cardioarrhythmia indicate sympathetic overactivity, cardiomyopathic alterations suggest functional or structural coronary dysfunction. The existence of a specific "angiopathia porphyrica"--based on functional, angiospastic or secondary hypertensive disorders--has been discussed for a long time. Recent results concerning a 20-year follow-up study of AIP patients revealed chronic hypertension as being the most significant disorder and seem to support a hypertensive aetiology. PMID- 7303703 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of beta-methyldigoxin and beta-acetyldigoxin in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - In this prospective randomised study 12 patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver (stable phase) and 12 healthy male volunteers were treated with either 0.3 mg beta-methyldigoxin (Lanitop) or 0.4 mg beta-acetyldigoxin (Novodigal) daily, orally. Every day the total serum digoxin concentrations of the patients and volunteers were measured by radioimmunoassay. Both digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin are measured by this method. In subjects receiving beta-methyldigoxin therapy the ratio of beta-methyldigoxin to digoxin in the serum was determined by liquid chromatography. The digoxin levels in patients with cirrhosis treated with beta methyldigoxin were statistically significantly higher than in healthy volunteers. In patients with cirrhosis the proportion of serum beta-methyldigoxin averaged 77.7% of the total digoxin concentration, whereas the proportion was only 37.5% in healthy volunteers. With beta-acetyldigoxin there was no statistically significant difference between patients with cirrhosis and healthy volunteers. Alterations in pharmacokinetics may cause the higher total serum digoxin concentrations in cirrhotic patients. The following factors seem to be important: longer elimination half life, changes in distribution volume and reduced renal clearance. There is greater danger of digitalis toxicity in patients with cirrhosis of the liver on standard dosage of beta-methyldigoxin than on standard dosage of beta-acetyldigoxin. PMID- 7303702 TI - [The clinical efficacy of the copper-containing intrauterine devices Nova T and Copper-T-200 Ag in a randomized study (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized study the clinical efficacy of the traditional intrauterine device. Copper-T-200 Ag was compared with the recently developed model Nova T. Altogether 93 women with regular menstrual cycles were examined; 45 women had a Nova T inserted and 48 the traditional Copper-T-200 Ag. The biosocial data of the women in the two groups did not differ from one another. No pregnancies occurred in either group within the first 12 months. Expulsion occurred in 2 women with Nova T and removal of the device had to be undertaken for bleeding and pain in 3 women with a Copper-T-200 Ag. At 12 months the two models did not differ in the number of recorded incidents. The reliability of randomized studies is discussed, as well as problems arising from the fact that the mode of insertion is not identical with both devices and requires practice in the case of the new model. PMID- 7303705 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of acute suppurative appendicitis: a case report (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient, 87 years of age, with typical symptoms and clinical signs of acute appendicitis we were able to demonstrate the swollen and fluid-filled appendix by sonography. The suspected diagnosis of a suppurative appendicitis was confirmed at operation. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the use of sonography in establishing the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. PMID- 7303706 TI - [Symptoms of behavioral changes in adolescent drug addicts and secondary criminality]. PMID- 7303708 TI - [Influence of sport on the cardiovascular system in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Stroke volume and cardiac output were determined in 24 pregnant women at the end of the first and second trimenon. There was a decrease of cardiac output in 7 women (29%) and among these a decrease of stroke volume in 6 women (25%). In this group there were especially untrained women with a high incidence of "health complications" during pregnancy. PMID- 7303707 TI - [Determination of refractive status in groups by laser (author's transl)]. AB - It was tried to demonstrate the laser-test simultaneously great groups of persons and thus to divide them roughly into prospective emmetropes and different ametropes. For that an interference-phenomenon of laser-light on a screen is used to determine the refractive status. If the head is moved slowly in one direction, myopes register a movement of the interference-pattern in the contrary sense, hyperopes a movement in the same sense, while emmetropes do not recognize a direction of movement. The refractive status of 139 students was investigated. The results of the laser-test with a small group of 24 students were compared with the results of retinoscopia, in the course of which the laser-test proved to be very sensitive. In 86% of the cases laser correction and retinoscopic correction were identical within a variation of +/- 0.25 dpt. All ametropic patients were detected with great certainty. Even negligible, subjectively not perceptible ametropia could be detected. Thus it was shown, that only 60% of those, who have been found to be ametropic by the laser-test, really do need glasses or a better correction. For determination of astigmatism further experiments are necessary. PMID- 7303709 TI - [Complications in thyroid surgery (author's transl)]. AB - From 1975 to 1979 443 primary operations were performed in benign goiters. The total complication (intra- and immediately postoperatively) rate was 9.2%. Remarkable was the mortality rate of 0% and the rate of postoperative recurrent nerve palsy of 5.4%. The alterations of the surgical material by iodine prophylaxis and by extended thyroid diagnostics are shortly discussed. The topography of the recurrent nerve and its special items in endemic goiter area are described and the problems of intra-operative nerve preparation are commented. PMID- 7303710 TI - [Fatal dehiscence of suture in surgery of colon and rectum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303712 TI - [Contribution to the objective evaluation of the personality features of the colitis patient (author's transl)]. AB - Before becoming in-patients in the psychosomatic department 26 patients (male and female) with ulcerative colitis were subjected to a series of personality tests (MMPI, FPI, GT, EPI) and compared with a normal control group. According to these tests and in psychopathological aspects the colitis patients deviated from the normal control group. The colitis patients showed more anxiousness and neuroticism and a tendency to introversion. The psychological results established by the tests and the psychopathological findings coincided especially in respect to the depressiveness. In connection with the inhibited depressiveness the question arises, whether the aggressive modalities, which can be substantiated by internal aspects but not optimally by the tests, can be objectively evaluated. PMID- 7303713 TI - [Treatment of subacute pelvic inflammatory diseases with the antibiotic compound sulfametrol-trimethroprim (author's transl)]. AB - 40 patients with subacute pelvic inflammations were treated with the antibiotic compound sulfametrol-trimethoprim. The patients received twice a day 2 tablets with some liquid in the morning and evening. The average duration of treatment was 16.1 days. In 37 patients (92.5%) the disease could be cured completely or a distinct improvement could be achieved. In 3 cases (7.5%) the results were unsatisfactory. Side-effects were seen merely in 2 cases (sickness with allergic exanthem and diarrhea respectively). PMID- 7303711 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 7303714 TI - [Inflammatory large bowel diseases from the internistic stand point]. PMID- 7303715 TI - [Surgical therapy of inflammatory large bowel diseases]. PMID- 7303716 TI - [The classic resection in perforated duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with perforated duodenal ulcer the choice of the operating method is made according to the security for the patient, the indication during the operation and the experience and the training of the surgeon. After representation of the own cases and the results after oversewing and resection the personal point of view is defined. Patients with bad initial condition, progressively peritonitis and advanced age and treated with oversewing. In patients with lokal peritonitis, good general condition and a long anamnesis of the ulcer a resection is made. A vagotomia was not performed in patients with perforated duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7303717 TI - The metabolism of canrenone in vitro by rat liver preparations. AB - 1. The metabolism of [1-3H]canrenone, a primary metabolite of spironolactone and potassium canrenoate, by rat liver preparations in vitro has been investigated. 2. Canrenone was metabolized by 3-oxo-delta 4-reduction to give 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-spirolactones, and also by a number of O2 and NADPH-dependent microsomal hydroxylation reactions. 3. A major metabolic route requiring the presence of a microsomal fraction, but apparently independent of oxygen and NADPH, led to the formation of a number of compounds tentatively identified as trihydroxy spirolactones. PMID- 7303719 TI - Identification and quantification of diethylcarbamazine and diethylcarbamazine N oxide in rat urine. PMID- 7303718 TI - Identification or urinary mercapturic acids formed from acrylate, methacrylate and crotonate in the rat. AB - 1. After administration to rats of methyl acrylate (I), methyl methacrylate (II) and methyl crotonate (III), urinary mercapturic acids were isolated and identified as the dicarboxylic acids N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)cysteine (IV, R = H), N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxypropyl)cysteine (V, R = H) and N-acetyl-S-(1-methyl-2 carboxyethyl)cysteine (VI, R = H) and for a minor part as their monomethyl esters IV (R = CH3) and VI (R = CH3). 2. After a single dose of the acrylates (I), (II) and (III) (0.14 mmol/kg), the excretion of the thioethers amounted to 6.6 +/- 0.6, 0.0, and 2.0 +/- 0.6% dose respectively. 3. After 18 h previous administration of the carboxylesterase inhibitor tri-o-tolyl phosphate (0.34 mmol/kg) the excretion of the thioethers amounted to 40.6 +/- 2.1, 11.0 +/- 3.3, and 16.0 +/- 2.0% dose. 4. For methyl acrylate (I) the ratio of the excreted dicarboxylic acid and monomethyl ester was 20:1. After previous administration of tri-o-tolyl phosphate this ratio was 1:2. PMID- 7303720 TI - Dose-dependent effects of vinyltoluene inhalation on non-protein thiols and drug biotransformation in liver and kidneys of the rat. AB - 1. Male Wistar rats were exposed to atmospheres of 50, 100 or 300 p.p.m vinyltoluene 6h/day, 5 days/week, for one or two weeks. 2. Hepatic non-protein sulphydryl content decreased in a dose-dependent manner when measured 0.5 h after the last exposure, both after one and two weeks. 3. The content of hepatic non protein sulphydryl groups progressively increased 20 h after stopping the vinyltoluene exposure. 4. The activity of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase showed a dose-dependent increase both in liver and kidneys. The activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase also increased in a dose-related manner in both organs studied. PMID- 7303721 TI - The metabolism and disposition of 3,5-dibromosalicylanilide in male and female rats. AB - 1. The metabolism of the pesticide, 3,5-dibromosalicylanilide, has been studied following oral administration to rats. 2. This compound is more toxic than other brominated salicylanilides, some fatalities being recorded at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg. 3. 3,5-Dibromosalicylanilide is well absorbed, and excreted in urine and bile as sulphate and glucuronide conjugates of the parent compound and of several phenolic metabolites. Radioactivity was present in tissues (blood, kidney, liver, fat) six days after dosing with 3,5-dibromosalicyl[14C]anilide. 4. Sex differences occur, both in excretion route and in the proportions of urinary metabolites. PMID- 7303722 TI - Urinary metabolites of oxapadol (MD720111), a new non-narcotic analgesic agent, in the rat, dog and man. AB - 1. A number of metabolites of oxapadol were isolated from urine of rat, dog and man after administration of a single dose of 14C-labelled compound. They were identified by direct inlet mass spectrometry and chromatographic comparison with reference compounds. 2. Oxapadol was extensively metabolized and the unchanged drug was undetectable in rat or human urine; only traces were found in dog urine. Nine metabolites were identified in rat and dog urine, and six in man. 3. The routes of biotransformation were: (a) aromatic hydroxylation, mainly in the benzimidazole ring, (b) scission of the heterocyclic ring following two different pathways, and (c) a combination of the two. Regioselectivity was observed for aromatic hydroxylation, as only three of the four possible monohydroxy oxazepinobenzimidazoles could be detected. PMID- 7303723 TI - The pharmacokinetics of saccharin in man. AB - 1. After intravenous administration of the non-nutritive sweetener, saccharin (10 mg/kg), to normal volunteers; the plasma concentration--time curve fitted a two compartment open model with a terminal half-life of 70 min. Renal clearance was high and the dose was recovered quantitatively in the urine. The elimination rate and clearance were decreased significantly by concurrent probenecid administration. 2. After oral administration (2 g) more complex and variable plasma concentration--time curves were obtained and these were reflected in the urinary excretion of saccharin. The fraction absorbed was about 0.85 as determined by the recovery in urine and the area under the plasma concentration- time curves. 3. No indication of saturation of renal elimination was found after oral or intravenous doses that were many times the average daily intake. PMID- 7303725 TI - Species differences in the disposition and metabolism of sulfinpyrazone. AB - 1. The disposition and metabolism of sulfinpyrazone have been studied in rats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, dogs, rhesus monkeys and miniature swine after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg of 14C-labelled drug. 2. In all species, the integrated plasma concentration (AUC, 0-24 h) of total radioactivity was almost completely covered by the sum of the AUC-values of unchanged sulfinpyrazone and six metabolites, i.e. the sulphide, the sulphone, p-hydroxy-sulfinpyrazone, the p hydroxy-sulphide, the p-hydroxy-sulphone and 4-hydroxy-sulfinpyrazone. 3. Comparison of the plasma level profiles of unchanged sulfinpyrazone and the metabolites revealed pronounced differences between the species. Unchanged sulfinpyrazone was the most prominent compound in plasma of rats, dogs, monkeys and swine, whereas the sulphide metabolite predominated in guinea-pigs. In plasma of rabbits, these two compounds were found in similar amounts. 4. Species with predominant renal excretion of the 14C dose, i.e. rabbits, dogs and monkeys, eliminated sulfinpyrazone to a high extent unchanged. The renal excretion of the sulphide metabolite was low in all species. 5. Species differences in the biotransformation of sulfinpyrazone explain previously observed differences in inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. This effect is intensive and long lasting in species showing high plasma concentrations of the sulphide metabolite. PMID- 7303728 TI - [Risks of physiotherapeutical intervention in pre-clinical geriatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Physiotherapeutical measures of intervention applied to ageing people must not be regarded as a form of neutral secondary treatment included in a therapeutical concept. A wealth of positive findings illustrates that physiotherapeutical measures can be regarded as a meaningful possibility of influencing the ageing process, and in particular the diseases accompanying the ageing process, in a positive way. This is demonstrated by the behaviour of various data recorded for the cardiovascular system, the pulmonary function and the maximum oxygen absorption capacity, all of which being indicators of physical fitness. In people of advanced age all these data are also clearly improved by physiotherapeutical intervention. The positive effects of physiotherapeutical measures can be enhanced by taking into account the risks which may occur in ageing people whose tolerance to stress has been exceeded. PMID- 7303726 TI - [Prevention and treatment of thrombo-embolic diseases in old age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303727 TI - [Preconditions for attaining advanced old age (author's transl)]. AB - Generally speaking, we can say that the incidence of certain diseases in the various blood groups of the ABO system do not demonstrate a direct connection which might be used for the assessment of life expectancy, but that exogenic and genetic factors form a genetically determined functional unity in the development of certain characteristic features and of diseases. Innumerable influences of various types can cause diseases, primarily the high incidence of certain tumours in old age, climatic influences, overeating and malnutrition, furthermore abuse of coffee, tea, tobacco and alcohol, medicines and insufficient movement. It can be assumed that wherever blood group A is prevailing the genes of blood group A constitute a factor in the respective polygenic system. The impact of the blood group genes varies as a function of the underlying disease, the effectiveness of the exogenic factors and the general constitution of the individual patient. PMID- 7303724 TI - The metabolism of 1,3-dibromopropane by the rat. AB - 1. The metabolism of 1,3-dibromopropane had been investigated in the rat. Two conjugated metabolites have been isolated from the urine and identified as S-(3 hydroxypropyl)cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)cysteine. 2. An oxidation product, identified as beta-bromolactic acid, has been isolated as a urinary metabolite. 3. 1,3-dibromopropane is not excreted unchanged in expired air or in the urine. Approx. 15% of the dose (100 mg/kg) is excreted as metabolic products over 50 h and 3.5% as CO2 within 6 h, indicating that oxidation is the main route of detoxication. PMID- 7303729 TI - [The significance of the function of the skeletal and locomotor systems in old age (author's transl)]. AB - Well-functioning skeletal and locomotor systems are very important for the achievement of an active old age. Modern surgical methods allow the treatment of disorders of the locomotor system in such a successful way that the frightening prospect of the patient's confinement to bed with all its considerable risks can be avoided. This holds especially for the treatment of fractured bones, degenerative arthropathies and pathological fractures. PMID- 7303730 TI - [On the significance of combined kinesitherapy for the rehabilitation of ageing people with essential hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Proceeding from their investigations the authors have formulated the following questions: 1. How do ageing people with essential hypertension tolerate sauna treatment (hyperthermia)? 2. What is the optimum thermal load for effective antihypertensive treatment? 3. What is the optimum interval, i.e. how many sauna baths are recommended per week? 4. Does an anti-hypertensive combination therapy consisting of sauna baths and jogging produce the same or even better results in aged hypertensives than sauna treatment on its own? PMID- 7303732 TI - [Some sex-specific problem under especially consideration of demographic and social-economic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Demographic and social-economic trends are tightly linked together, the social economic being the determinates of this trend. For that aim the direct pecuniary living conditions are analyzed more thoroughly than usual by means of a special demographic group. Now as before the mode of action and the accuracy of aim of social-politic measures are unclear. The downward trend of the degree of pensioner's employment is discussed in connection to concretly existing material living conditions with regard to better social security payment. Recommendations are given for elderly working people from the side of work hygiene, which will be planned and realized in our process of development. PMID- 7303733 TI - Development and coordination of joint research in gerontology and geriatrics. PMID- 7303731 TI - [The influence of diabetes heredity on cardiovasculary risk profile in patients with high age diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - The cardiovasculary risk profile of 105 newly detected, but still untreated, high age diabetics with an average of 69,1 years showing diabetes heredity in relatives of first degree was compared with a corresponding group (same age and same number of patients) without diabetes heredity. Taking into consideration exclusively the danger magnitudes overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperuricaemia, one sees an identical risk profile for both groups (the groups of patients were chosen according the principle of biostatistical gemini forming). For the showing of pathogenic magnitudes of influence within the metabolic syndrome the environmental factors seem to have a far greater importance than hereditary diabetogenic ones. PMID- 7303734 TI - The role of the scientific council on gerontology and geriatrics of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in the development of gerontological research in the USSR. AB - The author, chief of the Institute of Gerontology of USSR, gives an overview on the role of the scientific council on gerontology and geriatrics of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in the development of gerontological research in the USSR. PMID- 7303735 TI - [Interdisciplinary methods of investigations biologica aging in man )author's transl)]. PMID- 7303736 TI - [Wholesome nutrition in old age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303737 TI - [On the preventive treatment of cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 7303738 TI - [Optimization of clinical and laboratory diagnosis in liver diseases--thoughts on rational hepatologic diagnosis]. PMID- 7303739 TI - [New advances in the pathobiochemistry of the kidneys]. PMID- 7303741 TI - [Improvement of the efficacy of laboratory diagnosis in general medicine]. PMID- 7303742 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of important infectious diseases]. PMID- 7303740 TI - [Diagnosis of liver diseases with special regard to new advances in pathobiochemistry]. PMID- 7303743 TI - [The value of cutaneous test procedures for the diagnosis of allergies]. PMID- 7303744 TI - [Possibilities and limits of desensitization]. PMID- 7303745 TI - [Prevention of cancer--points of departure and problems]. PMID- 7303746 TI - [Occupational cancer--problems and tasks for medical practice]. PMID- 7303747 TI - [Early diagnosis of tumors in medical practice]. PMID- 7303749 TI - [Pharmaceutic incompatibilities]. PMID- 7303748 TI - [Introduction to the discussion theme drug interactions]. PMID- 7303750 TI - [Degrees of severity of drug interactions]. PMID- 7303751 TI - [Drug interactions with oral anticoagulants and cardiac glycosides]. PMID- 7303752 TI - [Drugs and laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 7303753 TI - [The pre-hospital phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7303755 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of depressive disorders]. PMID- 7303756 TI - [Anxiety, the S/R dimension and the evaluation of picture contents]. PMID- 7303754 TI - [Difficult diagnoses or diagnostic errors in general practice]. PMID- 7303757 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment of chronic liver diseases in the clinical biochemical, immunological and histological evaluation of the liver]. AB - The authors analysed the clinical states and the behaviour of clinical parameters in 36 patients with chronic liver diseases. The patients were treated with Encorton or Encorton associated with Imuran. The best clinical results as well as the tendency to normalisation were observed in the group of patients who were treated with Encorton and Imuran. PMID- 7303759 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis of Addison's disease in the absence of hyperpigmentation]. AB - At the example of a 62-year-old female patient with a "white" Addison as a sequela of a bilateral tuberculosis of the adrenal glands the problems of the diagnostics of this clinical picture are described. It is referred to the necessity of thinking of an existing chronic primary insufficiency of the adrenal cortex, also when there is no hyperpigmentation which otherwise serves as principle sign. PMID- 7303758 TI - [Occurrence of depression with internal diseases]. AB - Depressions belong to the most frequent diseases. They are only partly recognized. The largest number of depressive patients is to be found in the practice of the general practitioner and the internist. The relations between an internal disease and physical complaints, respectively, and a depressive syndrome are varied. It is reported on the results of an examination of 420 patients of a Clinic for Internal Diseases. 57 patients (13.6%) showed a depressive concomitant syndrome. Psychogenic depressions were more frequent than endogenic forms, the latter particularly as masked depression. These and other results are discussed and conclusions are made for the practice, in which cases the authors particularly enter the recognition of depressive conditions and the problems of psychic care as well as the therapy with psychopharmaca. PMID- 7303762 TI - [Lipid analytic investigations concerning the establishment of the forms of primary hypercholesterolaemia in patients with myocardial infarction]. AB - The influence of genetic factors in the development of the coronary heart disease can be particularly impressively clarified at the instance of the primary hyperlipoproteinaemias. The exact diagnostics of the genetically determined disturbances of lipometabolism in patients with infarction is, however, still connected with difficulties. Determinations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides, lipid-electrophoretic recognitions as well as determinations of LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in the serum cannot always outline with utmost clearness the proportion of primary hyperlipoproteinaemias in the morbidity of infarctions. Before this background the practical value of the radiochemical screening test worked up at the model of lymphocytes is emphasized, which allows a clear diagnosis of primary forms of hypercholesterolaemia according to pathogenetic viewpoints and thus renders possible also family examinations within the primary prevention of the coronary heart disease. PMID- 7303760 TI - [Possibilities and problems of medical genetics-introduction to the special edition]. PMID- 7303761 TI - [Importance and trends of prenatal diagnostics]. AB - The prenatal diagnosis in the middle third of a pregnancy serves the purpose to avoid the birth of children with genetic defects. Its most important indications are: Age of the mother more than 38 years, previous birth of a child with chromosomal anomaly, birth of a child with defect of the neural tube or with biochemically diagnosable metabolic disease and the diagnosis of sex in X chromosomal hereditary diseases. The amniocentesis necessary for this is performed in the 16th week of pregnancy. In cytogenetic problems the result is present, as a rule, within the following 2-3 weeks, whereas the biochemical diagnosis lasts somewhat longer depending on the growth of the cells. The task of the following years will be to shorten the times of diagnosis and to increase the number of prenatally recognizable genetic and genetically conditioned diseases, respectively. PMID- 7303763 TI - [Porphyrin diseases with particular emphasis on hereditary]. AB - During the last 10 years our knowledge concerning the basis defect in porphyrias has increased so that a better genetic family advice. The following basis defects were found: 1. Uroporphyrinogen-III-cosynthetase in porphyria erythropoetica congenita, 2. haem-synthetase in protoporphyria erythropoetica, 3. uroporphyrinogen-1-synthetase in porphyria acuta intermittens, 4. uroporphyrinogen-carboxylase in porphyria cutanea tarda. According to this in porphyria cutanea tarda a genetic defect is supposed, which leads to the disease in connection with the environmental factors. On the basis of the biochemical findings a better understanding of the heredity is possible which is discussed in detail. PMID- 7303764 TI - [Problems and peculiarities in establishing the genealogical findings and the genetic counseling in hereditary neuromuscular diseases]. AB - Value and regularities of the establishment of genealogical findings and of its evaluation and the genetic counseling are of important also in the hereditary neuromuscular diseases. Moreover, in the individual clinical pictures special tasks and additional diagnostics measures are the result. On the basis of individual instances the problems of the differentiation of the heredity in heterogenia of the phenotype, of the preclinical diagnosis, of the differentiation between the risk of disease and segregation in recessive heredity and of the recognition of carriers in X-chromosomal recessive inherited defects, particularly the progressive muscle dystrophy of the Duchenne type are entered. PMID- 7303765 TI - [Hereditary ataxia-problems in the classification, genetics and genetic counseling]. AB - Heredoataxias correspond to a larger number of etiologically different and for the greatest part not yet clarified neurogenic clinical pictures, the common characteristics of which are only the heredity and the leading symptoms of the spinocerebellar ataxia. A systematization and classification of the heredoataxias is therefore above all still based on clinical and pathologo-anatomical signs and may scarcely consider etiologic points of view. Own observations of two of the most important hereditary forms of ataxia, of Friedreich's disease and of the autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (Pierre Marie) make clear the problems of the diagnostic limitation and of the genetic advice. From these observations and from the literature references for an optimum subtile clinical and paraclinical diagnostics in heredoataxias are derived. PMID- 7303766 TI - [Threshold for electric stimulation of taste in diabetes mellitus]. AB - This paper informs about the electrogustometrically determined stimulus-threshold of gustation in 82 patients with diabetes mellitus in comparison with a group of 107 non-diabetics without disturbance of gustation. The stimulation of the tongue was performed with a unipolar electrode switches as a cathode. The electric impulse was measured in microA and the threshold was found to increase with age, in general. In both groups the thresholds tend to higher values in males in contrast to females as well as smokers opposed to non-smokers. With references to the control group the diabetics showed higher values in the electric taste threshold (statistically significant with P = 0.1%). It was noticed that in the diabetics at the tip of the tongue a higher threshold was present than at the margins of the tongue, being in the inverse ratio to the control group and to normal. PMID- 7303767 TI - [Studies on prognosis of diabetes mellitus]. AB - On the epidemiologically defined number of all diabetics who were detected in the district of Erfurt in 1966 the prognosis with medium time limit was investigated retrospectively. The 2,500 patients (1,650 females, 910 males) correspond above all to type 2 of diabetes. According to the observation time of 10 years altogether died 1,054 patients (44.3%), 63.4% of cardiovascular causes of death (autopsy rate 20.9%). In all age groups with a sufficient number of subjects the mortality of the males was above the mortality of the females; according to that their median survival time was shorter. In comparison to the total population of the district of Erfurt the diabetics examined showed an aged-depending excess mortality between 1.1 and 1.9. By means of several methods an over-mortality could be proved already for the first year after the manifestation. The worse prognosis of the diabetics type 2 is interpreted as a consequence of an increased cardiovascular comorbidity, the causes of which have to be found in the complex action of atherogenic risk factors in the time before the manifestation of diabetes. PMID- 7303768 TI - [Quantitative determination of immunoglobulins in chronic obstructive bronchitis]. AB - In a systematic series of examination the quantitative determination of the immunoglobulin IgG, IgA and IgM in patients with advanced chronic obstructive bronchitis and formation of emphysemas was performed without a spastic component. In the result is to be stated: 1. a highly significant increase of the IgA concentration, 2, a significant decrease of the IgG-concentration, 3. no change of the IgM-concentration. Thus the IgA shows the behaviour known in chronic unspecific inflammation of the bronchial wall. The decrease of IgG proved might be an expression of a general decreased function of the organ due to a chronic hypoxia. The results show that there are apparently no relation between the IgM concentration in the serum and the chronic obstructive bronchitis. PMID- 7303769 TI - [Thrombosis therapy and the prophylaxis of thrombosis recurrences in obstetrics]. AB - IN general the therapy of thrombosis during pregnancy is carried out with heparin, in which case the initial hospital treatment may be continued later on with double subcutaneous applications of heparin in the out-patient department. Apart from coagulation-physiological parameters plethysmography and/or ultrasound Doppler method serve for the control of the course. Within the prophylaxis of recidivations in earlier thromboembolism during pregnancy regular clinical and apparative controls are performed, in which cases in the last third of the pregnancy the possibilities of the consideration work are used. Immediately pre-, intra- and postpartally heparin is injected with low dose up to the optimum phenprokoumon regulation (beginning with the 2nd day post partum). Thromboses in the anamnesis are no essential risk, when an optimum prophylaxis of thrombosis is guaranteed during pregnancy and puerperium PMID- 7303770 TI - [Limits of resuscitation. II. Cerebral death and declaring the patient dead]. AB - For the statement of the dissociated cerebral death we perform examinations by means of which the cerebral death is confirmed and, derived from this, the death of this man is declared. In no case the time of death is determined, in which the death of the brain actually occurred. The medico-scientific criteria for the statement of the cerebral death are not normally ordered in the legal decrees of the GDR. The mode of action is regulated by law, in order to state the death without doubt and provably in connection with the legal regulations concerning the performance of the transplantations of organs. When contraindications for taking an organ are known, each obligation for diagnosing the cerebral death and the legal regulation of this diagnosis are superfluous. The cerebral death may be established purely clinically. Irresistible decrease of the body temperature and irresistible circulatory hypotension are not symptoms which by all means must be waited for. When these symptoms appear, the duration of the clinical observation may be shortened. When the diagnosis of cerebral death shall be clarified as early as possible, the angiography extended over a time of 30 min at an existing standstill of the cerebral circulation proven the diagnosis. The restriction to the angiography of the two carotids is sufficient, when clinically the syndrome of cerebral death is present. The proof of lacking bioelectric cerebral activity has no diagnostic conclusiveness. But when an isoelectric EEG is registering at the time of the first proof of unequivocal clinical signs of cerebral death and when these common findings continue to exist after 3 h, the diagnosis of cerebral death is certain. Analogically is to be proceeded when during the clinical observation the still existing cerebral electric activity cases and does not return within 3 h. PMID- 7303771 TI - [Incidence of goiter in the Naumburg district]. AB - 10% of the inhabitants of the district of Naumburg were examined for their state of the thyroid gland. The average morbidity of struma was 25.2%. Above all the struma stages I and II were found. The maxima of frequency were in the age groups of the 20--29-year-old persons with 68% in the females and 27.4% in the males. Of the 585 inhabitants of the village Grossjena (85% of the total population) 32.9% has a struma. The patterns of distribution corresponded, apart from a second peak in the females at the time of the climacterium, to the patterns found in the whole region of Naumburg. The average iodine excretion in the urine of 19.9 micrograms/g creatinine was still undercut by the 12- to 15-year-old pupils of this village with 14.8 micrograms/g creatinine. The relation of female to male carriers of struma was on an average at 2.5 : 1. In individual age groups the sex conditioned differences were eliminated. Relation of sex, excretion of iodine and frequency of struma confirm the endemic character of the struma disease in the district of Naumburg and confirm an iodine deficiency of IInd to IIIrd degree. The results intensely emphasize the necessity of a centrally regulated iodate prophylaxis. PMID- 7303773 TI - [Enlargement of the sella in primary hypothyroidism]. AB - Length of the sella, depth of the sella and surface of the sella profile of 37 primary hypothyroids were compared with a normal group. All the three parameters were significantly different, though situated in the normal area. The results are discussed on the basis of literature. The reactive formation of hypophyseal tumours at adult age in primary myxoedema is relatively rare. However, in every enlargement of the sella also a primary hypothyreosis should be regraded differential-diagnostically. A therapeutic experiment with thyroid hormones should always be made. PMID- 7303772 TI - [The radioiodine test for the evaluation of iodine deficiency in the district of Karl-Marx-Stadt and in East Germany]. AB - The values of the per cent 24 h radioiodine uptake in the GDR are above 60--70% and speak for a low alimentary intake of iodine or renal excretion of iodine below 40 micrograms J/d. Like the struma prevalences they show a tendency increasing from north to south and characterize the whole European situation of iodine deficiency including its decrease from west to east. The mean values of radioiodine uptake of 71.7 +/- 13.2% (n = 110) in euthyroids of the district of Karl-Marx-Stadt correspond to the iodine deficiency as it occurs approximately in the districts of Erfurt, Dresden, Munich or Freiburg/B. The alimentary iodine intake of 38.4 +/- 17.2 micrograms J/d and the renal iodine excretion of 29.9 +/- 16.1 micrograms J/d, calculated from the 24 h radioiodine accumulation values of 40 euthyroid persons by means of a mathematical model developed by Oddie and co workers were low. The latter only slightly differed (P less than 0.05) from its chemically estimated excretion of iodine in the urine: 23.1 +/- 16.9 micrograms J/g creatinine (n = 73). Between the calculated and chemically estimated excretion of iodine there was a relatively strict correlation of r = 0.68 (n = 26; P less than 0.001). The introduction of an iodine prophylaxis is regarded as an urgent necessity. Later on a new estimation of the regional "normal values" is necessary for the per cent radioiodine uptake. PMID- 7303775 TI - [Epidemiology and genetics of hemophilia]. AB - From own examinations a survey of data concerning morbidity and genealogy of haemophilia is presented. Their comparison with data from literature shows that the total number of haemophiliacs referred to the population (1 : 11,000 males) and the relation of haemophilia A : B (4.5 : 1) vastly corresponds in the middle and north European area. The total number of haemophiliacs which is to be expected for a larger space can approximately be estimated, e. g. for the GDR the number amounts to about 1,200 to 1,300 haemophiliacs. Till now this number has not yet been obtained. At a high percentage the manifestation of the disease takes place in the first two years of life. The greatest number of the haemophiliacs is at present 25 to 40 years old. The fertility rate is clearly different between haemophilia A (0.33) and B (0.84). The number of the female conductors of all variants is certainly double the number as that of the haemophiliacs. PMID- 7303774 TI - [First experiences with short-term lithium therapy in severe thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Even nowadays the therapy of severe, particularly of contrast remedy-induced hyperthyroidism is not without any problems. According to reports in literature the application of lithium salts seems to be an expedient from this dilemma. We controlled the effect of a short-term lithium therapy of 7 days in combination with methimazole in comparison to a group with methimazole monotherapy. The examination showed a good effectiveness and tolerability of the lithium methimazole therapy. While the decrease of the thyroxin concentration in the two groups was not different, in the group with combined therapy a more rapid per cent decrease of the triiodothyronine concentration appeared. In primarily strict selection of the therapy severe side-effects are not to be expected. According to the results yielded up to now the described form of therapy is an actual enrichment for selected forms of hyperthyreosis. PMID- 7303776 TI - [Thrombosis of the vena cava inferior. Etiological and clinical contribution]. AB - On the basis of two observations of courses is demonstrated that not in the least only hypercoagulability and retardation of the movement of the blood but also contusions of the femoral and hip region by fall and thrown which first of all appear as harmless may become the starting-point for alterations of the venous wall with extended thromboses of the veins of leg and pelvis under inclusion of the infrarenal section of the lower vena cava with a distinct picture of the postthrombotic condition of the lower extremities and a threatening embolism of the lungs. The author deal with expert's problems of the restriction of the function conditioned by accident. For the collateral venous circulation in the thrombosis of the vena cava inferior several accessory ways are at disposal of which the superficial collateral veins of the abdominal wall have diagnostically a high valency, haemodynamically they are, however, only of little importance. In partial thrombosis in the region of the lower vena cava clinically evident collateral circulations may stay away due to good possibilities of compensation as it is proved at a postoperative complication of thrombosis by oligosymptomatology. PMID- 7303777 TI - [Factors having an effect on Doppler-sonographic blood pressure determinations and their clinical significance]. AB - In indirect measurements of the blood pressure with the help of the ultrasound Doppler-method important influence factors and sources of errors are to be taken into consideration. In order to estimate the importance of restricted vascular compressibility, changed tissue conditions and different position of the body, pressure measurements in patients with arterial obstructive disease and in test persons with healthy vessels were performed. The mediasclerosis leads to an extensive rigidity of the arterial wall so that falsely high measuring values could be established which were lying significantly above the intravasal pressure. For examination in the femoral region of a cuff of the standard breadth in relation to the volume of the extremity is too narrow to guarantee a lossless transmission of the pressure on the artery. After passive change of the position also in the poststenotic region significant changes of the pressure can be proved. As is shown by the results the desired diagnostic evidence with the help of the Doppler pressure is to be got only in such a case, when relevant influence factors are considered and the measurement is performed under standardized conditions. PMID- 7303778 TI - [Evaluation of disordered peripheral hemodynamics after ergometric load]. AB - In 23 patients with arterial obstructive disease of type of femoropopliteal localization (stage I and II after Fontaine) comparative oscillographic and doppler-sonographic examinations were performed in rest and after standardized dynamic muscle work. Depending upon the haemodynamic importance of the present obstructions of the arterial system after load a significant increase of the systolic pressure gradient could be proved with decrease of the oscillometric indices. The determination of haemodynamic parameters after ergometric load serves to the objective judgment of the function in vascularly conditioned claudication and it is, moreover, important for the recognition of early changes (asymptomatic stage I). Load tests are indicated always in such cases when the findings under conditions of rest do not allow an unequivocal judgment or discrepancies between subjective functional capacity and ischaemically conditioned restriction of the function are to be supposed. PMID- 7303779 TI - [Extracardiac hemodynamic effects of the calcium antagonist nifedipine]. AB - For the purpose of testing extracardial haemodynamic effects of the calcium antagonist nifedipine (corinfar) in 15 patients with arterial obstructive disease and in a control group plethysmographic and doppler-sonographic measurements before and after oral application of the substance were performed. In these cases after the application of nifedipine a significant increase of the blood flow in the crural region developed. At the same time a slight decrease of the systolic pressure could be established at the upper and lower extremity. In patients with arterial obstructive disease these haemodynamic reactions had a less significant result. They correspond to an arterial vasodilatation with decrease of the peripheral resistance and simultaneously they explain a part of the antianginous effect of the calcium antagonist. The increase of the blood flow which is to be objectified after the application of nifedipine also in poststenotic areas might be of clinical importance particularly in the combined occurrence of atherosclerotically conditioned disturbances of the blood supply of the coronary and peripheral vascular system. PMID- 7303780 TI - [The intravenous fat tolerance test in patients with peripheral arteriosclerotic disorders of the blood supply]. AB - Latent metabolic disturbances become evident only by specific loads. As functional test of the fat metabolism the intravenous fat tolerance test is suited in which after an injection of 0.1 g fat/kg body weight via the decreasing plasma turbidity the degradation rate K2 (%/min) may be calculated. In 29 patients with peripheral arteriosclerotic disturbances of the blood supply we did not find any changed degradation rates in comparison to 29 reference persons, so that a disturbance of the clarification system is not to be supposed in these patients. It is reported on the behaviour of other metabolic parameters. At the same time by the slight changes in the intermediary metabolism after fat injection the good tolerability of the emulsion of soya bean oil lipofundin S which is known from clinical experience is supported. PMID- 7303781 TI - [Contribution to the morphology and pathogenesis of eosinophilic colitis (author's transl)]. AB - A 40 year old woman suffered from acute diarrhea and convulsive abdominal pains. Because of a palpable tumor of the right lower abdomen, which was thought to be localized in the deeper layers of the colon ascendens, a hemicolectomy on the right side was performed. Histologically there was a severe phlegmonous eosinophilic inflammation of the bowel wall and the surrounding fatty tissue. A parasite was found within the strongly oedematous submucosal layer. The different forms of eosinophilic inflammatory processes are referred to, with special emphasis on Anisakiasis. The so called "herring-worm-disease" proceeds under the same clinical and morphological features as the above mentioned disease and is caused by a larval nematode. This worm lives as an immature parasite in different saltwater fishes. Most often the stomach and the small intestine are involved; only in a few cases an eosinophilic phlegmon of the large bowel has been observed. PMID- 7303782 TI - [Sclerosing mesenteritis: case reports and review of literature (author's transl)]. AB - Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare, non-systemic disease confined to the mesenteric adipose tissue and typified by a variety of inflammatory pseudo tumours. Histological investigation uncovers a wide spectrum of pathological changes, with collections of foam cells, fibrosis and for the most part sparse mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the mesenteric fat tissue. In the course of several weeks to months the pseudotumours generally resolve without therapeutic measures. The disease entity is discussed on the basis of three clinical cases. PMID- 7303783 TI - [A simple grid for measurement of gallbladder size by real-time ultrasound (author's transl)]. AB - A grid is introduced which allows simple estimates of gallbladder size from parallel diameters in ultrasonic images. Depending upon the gallbladder's size between 4 and 20 diameters had to be measured. Deviation from true size did not exceed 4%. --A possible use may be the evaluation of the gallbladder's size before and 30--45 minutes after a defined meal. PMID- 7303784 TI - [Microradiography of gallstones (author's transl)]. AB - Success or failure of an attempted dissolution of gallstones depends--among other factors--on the nature, the quantity and the distribution of the different components. This paper presents an investigation of the distribution of the various components by X-ray microradiography. Due to their different absorption behaviour the following three classes of components could be distinguished: I. Components with low absorption: Cholesterol, II. Components with moderate absorption: Calcium palmitate monohydrate, calcium bilirubinate, III. Components with high absorption: Vaterite, aragonite, calcite, carbonate apatite. The distribution patterns of these classes of components showed that in all probability 12 out of the 27 gallstones which were examined would have resisted a dissolution. PMID- 7303785 TI - [Resistance to griseofulvin (author's transl)]. AB - The antibiotic griseofulvin has been used for more than two decades in the treatment of dermatophyte-induced mycoses. During the first 10 years of use griseofulvin-resistant dermatophytes were demonstrated only in a few cases. During the seventies we did not find an increase in these strains. During this period of time the total number of dermatophytes studied by us was 489 of which 5 proved resistant, that is 4 strains of Trichophyton rubrum and one strain of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which were still growing at a concentration of 100 gamma griseofulvin per ml culture medium. We consider these strains to have a secondary resistance and did not observe dermatophytes with a primary resistance. Accordingly, the number of non-responders cannot generally be explained by the presence of resistant dermatophytes, but rather by other reasons which have already been discussed. For the time being the problem of an increasing incidence of griseofulvin-resistant dermatophytes does not exist. PMID- 7303786 TI - [Acquired nevus flammeus (author's transl)]. AB - We report about two patients with acquired nevus-flammeus-like skin changes. In one case the skin alterations spread all over, in the other case the mole - although it became bigger - was restricted to the right foot. The first patient was pregnant, the second in puberty. There were no hints to any traumas before. Biopsies revealed findings as in nevus flammeus. PMID- 7303787 TI - [Leiomyomatosis cutis with Paroxysmal pain (author's transl)]. AB - A 40 years old patient is reported to suffer a extended Leiomyomatosis cutis in the part of left trigeminus of the back and of the left arm. Paroxysmal pain could soothed by Chlorprothixen. PMID- 7303788 TI - [Histological case report: localized cutaneous calcinosis (author's transl)]. AB - The localized calcinosis of the skin is an extremely rare affection, which clinically appears as a verrucous nodule. The most common locations are the face and the extremities. Histologically the calcified material is located in the subepidermal upper dermis. The epidermis is thickened with acanthosis and hyperorthokeratosis. The calcified material occurs in irregular granules and in large masses. In the Haematoxylin-Eosin-preparation its staining properties vary considerably. PMID- 7303789 TI - [Comparative single case method as strategy of psychological research]. PMID- 7303790 TI - [The configuration frequency analysis. XIV a. Remission controlled symptom pattern-results in therapy-waiting group-comparison]. PMID- 7303791 TI - [Self and other person judgement as a method for standardized therapy course evaluation in a psychiatric special department]. PMID- 7303792 TI - [Behavior disorders in school children in connection with child rearing style, ecological and social structural variables]. PMID- 7303793 TI - [The psychiatrist and the relatives of schizophrenic patients: an examination of personal perception]. PMID- 7303794 TI - [Attitude to psychiatry as a comparison between laymen and former patients]. PMID- 7303795 TI - [The significance of the irrational in delusions]. PMID- 7303796 TI - [Stenoses of arterioles and small intramural arteries of human hearts. A quantitative study (author's transl)]. AB - Postmortem coronary angiographies with a pressure of 100 mm Hg were performed on 50 human hearts with various degrees of coronary arteriosclerosis. The frequency and degree of narrowing of arterioles and small intramural arteries up to diameters of 400 mu were investigated by giant sections through the whole myocardium. The frequency of stenosing intimal lesions depended on the diameter of the arteries. Mostly (1.8%) small arteries with a diameter between 100 and 200 mu were affected. As a rule the degree of narrowing was unimportant. Only in 23% it surmounted 20%, in nearly 5% it exceeded 30% and only in 0.5% the level of 50% was surmounted. In the different layers of the left ventricular myocardium and of the ventricular septum no significant differences in the frequency of stenosing intimal lesions could be found. But in the right ventricular wall an evidently inferior frequency was determined. There was a significant increase of stenosing lesions with age but not with increasing heart weight. As a rule we observed an inversed correlation between the degree of coronary arteriosclerosis and the frequency of stenosing lesions of arterioles and small intramural arteries. Perhaps a severe coronary atherosclerosis protects the small intramural arteries against intimal lesions. We conclude from our results that only very seldom a stenosis of small intramural arteries and arterioles causes ischemic myocardial lesions. PMID- 7303797 TI - [Quantitative ultrastructural findings of the myocardium in the failing heart. I. Aortic valve insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Quantitative ultrastructural changes of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and contractile function were studied in 9 symptomatic patients with severe aortic insufficiency (AI). The volume fractions of myofibrils, sarcoplasm, and mitochondria in myocardial cells were determined by electron microscopic morphometry in small LV tissue samples. Interstitial fibrosis was measured by light microscopic morphometry. Transmural biopsies of the LV free wall perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were obtained during aortic valve replacement. Biopsies from the LAD-perfusion area of 10 surgical patients with coronary artery disease but moderate LAD-stenosis and normal regional motion of LAD-area were taken as controls for morphometric data. LV-function was analyzed from preoperative heart catheterization. In initial reproducibility studies of biopsy samples of 17 patients a sampling error for evaluation of myocardium was defined and differences exceeding 6.2% transmural fibrosis and 6.5% myofibrils were considered biologically significant differences. Patients with AI had higher LV end-diastolic volume (180 versus 77 ml/m2, p less than 0.001), and lower LV ejection fraction (51 versus 69%, p less than 0.001) than 10 control individuals. The volume fraction of myofibrils was lower in AI than in controls (44 versus 53%, p less than 0.01), and sarcoplasm was higher (33 versus 21%, p less than 0.01). Mitochondria and interstitial fibrosis did not differ between groups (p greater than 0.05). Thus reduction in the volume fraction of myofibrils was the major ultrastructural finding in LV biopsy samples of patients with heart failure due to aortic insufficiency. PMID- 7303798 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of regional and global parameters of left ventriculography with different methods in an intra- and interobserver test (author's transl)]. AB - In 17 patients without evidence of regional wall motion abnormality a determination of the variation of global and regional parameters of two contour delineations was attempted by the same (intraobserver) and by an independent observer (interobserver). In the intraobserver comparison all computed comparison all computed parameters showed excellent correlation coefficients: enddiastolic volume (EDV) r = 0.97, endsystolic volume (ESV) r = 0.94, ejection fraction (EF) r = 0.93. In the interobserver comparison, the correlations were slightly lower (EDV: r = 0.94, ESV: r = 0.93, EF: r = 0.85). Absolute differences in volumes and ejection fractions were for the EDV 3.0 +/- 11.8 ml (+/- 1 SD), for the ESV 2.6 +/- 4.9 ml, and for EF 1.9 +/- 4.1%. Additionally, the three contour tracings were subjected to an analysis of regional wall motion using nine different methods. With most of the methods applied, the analysis showed areas near valves and the cardiac apex, where small changes in contour tracings resulted in statistically significant differences in wall motion (p less than 0.05). Therefore, using each method described, it was possible to determine, which regions demonstrated the greatest variation in interpretation of quantitative regional wall motion. Finally we conclude, that enddiastolic and endsystolic volumes and ejection fraction can be subjected to repeated estimation by the same or an independent observer with sufficient accuracy. PMID- 7303799 TI - [Accuracy and performance of Roentgen-Videodensitometry for valvular regurgitation and ventricular ejection measurements (author's transl)]. AB - The accuracy of Roentgen-Videodensitometry is tested with respect to clinical applications of valvular insufficiency measurements as well as the determination of ventricular ejection fraction. For this purpose, criteria of data analysis were applied to densitometric measurements in order to provide a comparable degree of accuracy in patient studies as obtained by experimental investigations using electromagnetic flow measurements as well ventricular volume determination for comparison. 10 pigs with experimental aortic valve incompetence were studied for the analysis of 99 contrast dilution curves of the left ventricle: Accurate measurements of valvular regurgitation were obtained if the magnitude of contrast medium induced density changes was at least twice of non-specific density variations of the curves. Correlation of the according regurgitant fraction values with electromagnetic flowmeter data yielded r = 0.94, s = +/- 7.2% RGF (n = 90). Non-ideal washout of contrast medium from the ventricle was found not to be a limiting factor in these measurements. Calculation of ventricular ejection fraction by videodensitometry (n = 60) was in agreement with ventriculometry data only in half of the cases (r = 0.75, s = +/- 8.2% EF, n = 31); namely, if scattering of densitometric data of the washout part of the curves did not exceed a certain value (s = +/- 10% of highest value). This indicates the necessity of optimal indicator mixing as well as the limitations for the densitometric determination of this specific parameter. PMID- 7303800 TI - [Cardiac valve replacement in the aged (author's transl)]. AB - Prosthetic valve replacement was performed in 113 patients above the age of 60 with advanced valvular heart disease, whose prognosis without surgical correction was extremely poor. Although there was high risk of early mortality in isolated aortic valve disease (20%), in isolated mitral valve disease (28%) and in multiple valve disease (50%), improvement for the survivors was evident. Late mortality was rather low. Individual risk can be estimated by considering the patient's age, type and stage of valvular disease as well as the clinical condition and hemodynamic parameters. PMID- 7303801 TI - [ST-segment depression and R-amplitude changes during bicycle stress test in patients with coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. AB - 56 patients were examined with bicycle stress tests. Sensitivity and specificity of ST-segment depression were compared with R-wave amplitude changes. All patients had a coronary angiography because of suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). The specificity of ST-segment depression was 71%, for R-wave amplitude changes 50%. The sensitivity for ST-segment depression was 76% and for R-wave amplitude changes 50%. In addition in 7 patients with angiographically demonstrated CAD repeated stress tests were done. The ST-segment changes were nearly constant in all examinations, whereas the R-wave amplitude in V5 in 5 out of 7 patients changed considerably between decrease and increase. Considering these intraindividual changes, it seems doubtful whether the evaluation of the R wave amplitude proves to be an improvement of the non-invasive diagnostic procedures of CAD. PMID- 7303802 TI - Myocardial infarction in a child aged ten with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The authors describe the clinical picture, ECG, vectorcardiographic, and serum enzyme assays in one case of acute myocardial infarction occurring after a severe physical exertion in a child aged 10 with progressive muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type. The picture differs considerably from the electrical aspects of "pseudonecrosis" that interstitial fibrosis of some portions of the left ventricle may produce in this myopathy. PMID- 7303803 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of dopamine on the cardiac conduction system (author's transl)]. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of dopamine (Dop.) (3 microgram; n = 11) 6 microgram/kg/min; n = 14) were studied in 20 patients (5 females, 15 males) with and without different disturbances of rhythm utilizing His-Bundle electrography and right atrial pacing. The blood pressure increased significantly (p less than 0.01) about 10% (3 microgram Dop.) or 16% (6 microgram Dop.) respectively. Electrophysiologic parameters of the sinus node (spontaneous cycle length before and during carotid sinus pressure, max. sinus node recovery time = SKEZmax, sinoatrial conduction time = SACTc were not changed significantly. In single cases the sinus node function was improved by 3 microgram Dop., otherwise 6 microgram Dop. aggravated them partially. In 5 patients with sick-sinus syndrome the prolonged SKEZmax and SACTc were not reduced significantly. The electrophysiologic parameters of the atrium (Ah-t, effective-relative-functional refractory period) were not influenced by Dop. The AV-node conduction (AH,AH in response to right atrium stimulation, max. 1 : 1 conduction, refractory periods) was not altered by the catecholamine concentration of 6 microgram Dop. The intranodal conduction was improved by 3 microgram Dop. irrelevantly. No influence was seen in 3 patients with a delayed AV-conduction. The possible mechanism of the ineffective shortening of the AV-conduction may be the baroreceptor reflex caused by the enhanced blood pressure. The intraventricular conduction time (HV) was improved in some cases insignificantly, no differences was seen in the aberrant conduction of the His-Purkinje system provoked by paired stimulation. PMID- 7303804 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular size and function in patients before and after aortic valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303805 TI - [Experimental studies of the effects of contrast medium on left ventricular function (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of contrast medium (0.63 ml/kg body weight Natrium-Methylglucamin Jothalamat, Conray 70) on pressures and volumes of the left ventricle were studied in six anesthetized mongrel dogs (mean body weight 36 +/- 6 kg). Under closed-chest conditions radiopaque markers were implanted into the endocardium of the left ventricle by means of a special catheter via the right carotid artery. The positions of the markers were calibrated in terms of volume by injections of contrast medium during diastole (flow rate 14 ml/s). Thus it was possible to determine left ventricular volumes without additional administration of contrast medium. Before and during injection, volumes determined from the position of the markers and pressure (catheter-tip manometer) were evaluated in each cycle. After injection, the parameters were determined every minute over a period of ten minutes. Immediately after injection of contrast medium there was a short period in which the following parameters changed: decrease of ventricular systolic pressure, of mean aortic pressure, of maximal dp/dt, of minimal dp/dt, and, after a short increase, of enddiastolic pressure. About one minute after the end of injection, the parameters were about the initial values. These transitory changes were explained by the initial negative and vasodilating effect of the contrast medium. The chamber volumes and stroke volume did not change during and after injection. Because of the constant heart rate cardiac output did not change. The ejection fraction was diminished even before injection, no further changes were found. These experimental results show that, even in ventricles with reduced function, contrast medium injected with a slow flow rate during diastole only leads to small and transient changes of left ventricular hemodynamics. PMID- 7303806 TI - [Chronic administration of beta blocking agents: left ventricular hemodynamics in myocardial infarctions during exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303807 TI - [Measurement of systolic time intervals by echocardiographic and conventional methods (author's transl)]. AB - In 25 patients the systolic time intervals were simultaneously measured by echocardiography and by the conventional method using the ECG, phonocardiogram and indirect carotid pulse tracing. Beat-to-beat-analysis showed no significant difference for QS2 (367.1 +/- 26.7 ms vs. 367.9 +/- 26.5 ms). In contrast, the LVET measured by echocardiography was significantly longer than the LVET taken from the indirect carotid pulse tracing (275.3 +/- 26.3 ms vs. 266.2 +/- 25.9 ms, p less than 0.001). As a consequence, the echocardiographic PEP was significantly shorter than the conventionally measured PEP (91.3 +/- 18.0 ms vs 100.9 +/- 22.7 ms, p less than 0.001). Furthermore, both methods showed the weakest correlation for the ratio PEP/LVET. We conclude that STI can be reproducibly measured by echocardiography, which will lead to significantly different values for the STI compared to those measured by the conventional method. PMID- 7303808 TI - [Comparative clinical study on the accuracy of conventional and electronic blood pressure self-measuring devices (author's transl)]. AB - 19 conventional and 19 electronic blood pressure measuring devices were tested on a average of 23 patients each. The patients were classified according to age, sex, and experience in blood pressure measurement. Altogether, the accuracy of the electronic devices was inferior to that of the conventional apparatus. Especially the diastolic blood pressures were estimated considerably too low by the electronic devices. Furthermore, these instruments were more sensitive to a false position of the microphone membrane than the conventional devices and they showed, in the average, greater differences between two exemplars of the same instrument. Blood pressure readings with conventional devices were significantly influenced by the patients' experience (systolic blood pressure) and age (diastolic blood pressure), whereas the readings with electronic machines were significantly affected by the patients' sex (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and age (diastolic blood pressure). The result of the technical development of blood pressure devices for self-measurement is rather disappointing, especially with respect to costs and benefits. PMID- 7303809 TI - [Double blind study on the hemodynamic effects of amezinium methlsulfate in patients with orthostatic circulatory disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303810 TI - [Changes in pharmacokinetics in the aged and their practical consequences]. AB - Liberation and absorption of drugs may be changed in elderly people. The distribution of water-soluble substances take place in a smaller, of fatty soluble substances in a greater volume. According to the smaller GFR in elderly, the halflife-time of renally excreted drugs is prolonged. The pharmacokinetic changes in elderly are therefore multiple, and can hardly be predicted in the individual case. It seems important to use drugs with e white instead of a small therapeutic range (e. g. Penicillins, not Aminoglycosides). In some drugs (as diuretics, antihypertensives et al.) the effect and the side effects can judged clinically. In this drugs a strong clinically supervision of the patient is needed. Special attention in elderly patients should ly on the problem of compliance. In some special cases it is necessary to determine the plasma level. PMID- 7303811 TI - [Autoradiographic investigations on postnatal proliferative activity of the matrix-zones of the brain in the trout (Salmo irideus) (author's transl)]. AB - The localization and proliferative activity of the matrix-zones has been investigated in the brains of 60 teleosts (Salmo irideus) by means of autoradiographs, after injection of tritiated thymidine at different stages of the postnatal life. There are no previous detailed autoradiographical reports on postnatal brain development in the trout. Matrix-zones (i.e. ventricular and subventricular zone) exist postnatally in all parts of the teleost brain: we have found these in the forebrain, in many diencephalic recessus, in the optic tectum, in cerebellar valvula and corpus, and in the medulla. The quantitative part of this study indicates high values of the labeling-index at the first days after birth. Then, the labeling-index decreases rapidly up to the 25th day. But also in 2 years old specimen labeled cells were observed in the matrix-zones of the central nervous systems; therefore a few of proliferative capacity remains in adult fishes. PMID- 7303812 TI - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and synaptic vesicles in cultured murine neuroblastoma cells. AB - Cultured murine neuroblastoma cells contain an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), also within their numerous processes and their terminals, consisting of a complex network of sacs and tubules. Both the perikaryal and the SER found within the processes and endings resemble one another morphologically. From the SER whether it is within the perikaryon or within the terminals of the neural processes, round coated vesicles with clear centers appear to form. These clusters of vesicles are 40...60nm in diameter and indistinguishable from the synaptic vesicles of normal neurons. In addition a few vesicles with clear centers with a diameter of 20...40 nm and length of 80...200 nm are encountered and appear to originate from the SER. The dense-cored vesicles do not seem to develop from the SER. There is no detectable association of the vesicles with any other cell organelle. PMID- 7303813 TI - Secretion in the epidermis of polypteriform fish. AB - Calamoichthys calabaricus possesses four types of epidermal secretory cell. Mucus is produced by the superficial epithelial cells and by goblet cells. Electron microscopical studies show that the other two types of unicellular gland present are structurally similar to the club cells and to the sacciform cells of teleost fish. The outer cytoplasm of the club cells contains filaments, coiled in spirals, which can be compared to the helical filaments previously described in club cells of eels, although they are less regularly arranged. Spiral filaments similar to those of Calamoichthys can be detected in some ostariophysan species studied by electron microscopy. The homologies of so-called club cells in various fishes are discussed. The lampreys and gadoids are now known not to have club cells; in eels the club cells contain a secretory vacuole in addition to cytoplasm with helical filaments. The club cells of ostariophysans have been distinguished, by some authors, as "alarm substance cells", but their cytological characteristics are so close to those of the club cells of Calamoichthys that, morphologically, they must be considered homologous. The sacciform cells are a separate type of unicellular gland; their fine structure in Calamoichthys is closely similar to that reported from certain teleost fish. In spite of the cell diversity, polypterid skin provides a model for a type of epidermis which is primitive in the actinopterygii. PMID- 7303814 TI - [Microvascularization of tissues on conditions of dehydration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303816 TI - [Development and functional morphology of the Weibel-Palade-bodies in endothelial cells (author's transl)]. AB - Our results presented indicate a transformation of multivesicular bodies from the Golgi-apparatus into Weibel-Palade-Bodies (WPB). A morphological series of different developmental phases of the WPB can be demonstrated by an increase of a certain intervesicular electron dense material. There is a striking coincidence with early developmental phases of myocardial Z-band material. The WPB are directly related to the microfilament system of the endothelial cells. The capillary endothelium of diseases and tumors of the human skin show a drastic reduction of the WPB-microfilament system towards the central parts of the tissue changes; this is accompanied with a simultaneous reduction of the pinocytotic activities. The endothelial cells are transformed into a conical shape with nearly an occlusion of the capillary lumen and an opening of the interendothelial junctions. This is interpreted as a loss of tone rather than a contraction of endothelial cells. PMID- 7303815 TI - Fine structural studies on the myenteric plexus of the gastro-intestinal tract of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Rich.). AB - The neuronal elements is most part of the myenteric plexus of the gastro intestinal tract of the Rainbow trout consisted of nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated nerves successively invested by satellite and Schwann cells respectively, thin basal lamina, a layer of collagenous fibrils and interstitial cells, the processes of which were often held together by desmosomes. These were embedded in a loose vascular connective tissue. Encapsulated vagal nerve trunks formed a part of the myenteric plexus in the region of the stomach and they contained similar elements in the same order and, in addition, myelinated nerve fibres. Four subtypes of small neurons and two of large neurons were distinguished based on the presence and varying pattern of organization of cytoplasmic organelles. Five types of neuronal processes and several plasma membrane specializations were described and these were involved in the formation of axo-dendritic and axo-somatic synapses. Three main types of axon varicosities were also distinguished according to their vesicular contents. The significance of these findings is discussed and attempt is made to correlate them with existing experimental and histochemical information on teleost gut. PMID- 7303817 TI - Histological changes in the brain of Hypsa alciforon (Lepidoptera:Hypsidae) during metamorphosis. AB - The histology of the larval and adult brain and changes in the former during pupal period is described. The bilobed larval brain consists of the three neuromeres- proto-, deuto-, and tritocerebrum. The protocerebrum has corpora pedunculata, ponscerebralis, parsintercerebralis, central body, corpora ventralia and three optic lobe anlagen. The lamina and medulla interna are joined with their counterparts of the opposite sides by anterior and posterior optic commissures respectively. Deuto- and tritocerebrum are not well marked. The cortex of the brain consists of four types of glial cells, association neurons and large and medium sized motor neurons. Besides an increase in the size of the larval brain certain new structures differentiate from the larval centres. These are ellipsoid body, three optic ganglia, differentiation of the deutocerebrum into an outer nodular and inner fibrous region. Degeneration and reformation of the neural lamella is also observed during pupal period. Fibrous chiasm between the optic centres are also formed in this period. A pair of small rounded ventral tubercles get differentiated. The medulla interna of the larva divides into a "lobula" and "lobula plate". A fibrous connection is established between the stalks of the opposite sides. The optic centres of opposite sides get connected with each other by three optic commissures. The three neuromeres become externally visible and with these changes the larval brain gets converted into the adults. PMID- 7303818 TI - Effect of lectins and chemical modification on the hemagglutinin activity of human plasma fibronectin. AB - Purified human plasma fibronectin has been shown to agglutinate protease-treated red cells [Vuento, Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 360, 1327-1333, (1979)]. The present report shows that the activity is inhibited by low concentrations of lectins and by macromolecular serum factors. Chemical modification of carboxyl groups of fibronectin strongly inhibited the activity, but modification of amino groups of guanidinium groups had little effect on the activity. The results suggest that fibronectin receptors on erythrocyte surface are carbohydrate containing molecules. Humoral macromolecular factors may control the interaction of fibronectin with cell surfaces. Chemical modification studies indicate that the parts of the fibronectin molecule responsible for the hemagglutinin activity are different from those mediating the binding of fibronectin to collagen. PMID- 7303819 TI - X-ray studies on phospholipid bilayers. I. Polymorphic forms of dimyristoyl lecithin. AB - A structural study of the synthetic phospholipid, L-alpha-dimyristoyl lecithin (DML), habs been made by X-ray fiber diffraction methods. Three different types of oriented specimens were prepared. They were X-ray photographed under the same conditions, including temperature and relative humidity. Three different types of diffraction patterns, corresponding to different conformations and/or packing arrangements, were found. They are characterized by their unit cell dimensions, space group, molecular conformations, and packing arrangements. PMID- 7303821 TI - [Direct allosteric interaction of oxygen and bicarbonate: N-acetyl-alanyl-seryl phenylalanine, N-terminal sequence of the beta-chains of the haemoglobins of Nil crocodile (Crocodylusniloticus) and Mississippi crocodile (Alligator mississippiensis) (author's transl)]. AB - To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the direct allosteric exchange of oxygen and hydrogen carbonate in the hemoglobins of crocodiles, the N-terminal sequence of the beta-chains of the crocodiles of the Nile (Crocodylus niloticus) and of the Mississippi (Alligator mississippiensis) was studied. The N-terminal end of the peptide is blocked. By mass spectrometry the N-terminal sequences of both species were found to be N-acetyl-alanyl-seryl-phenylalanine. These data explain the absence of hemoglobinphosphate interaction, the data are in good agreement with the stereochemistry postulated for allosteric exchange of oxygen and hydrogen carbonate in crocodilian hemoglobins. PMID- 7303820 TI - Titration of rat liver with digitonin: a well defined short term damage of cellular metabolism. AB - Carefully performed pulse titration of the isolated rat live in the course of continuous erythrocyte free perfusion with small amounts of digitonin causes a short term permeability of liver cell plasma membranes with concomitant short lived release of intracellular low or high molecular compounds such as ATP or lactate dehydrogenase. Gluconeogenesis from lactate being completely inhibited during this period restores within about one minute up to a level that depends on the amount of perfused digitonin. The described experimental model is suggested to be useful for the measurement of cytoplasmic metabolites under physiological conditions. It moreover offers the possibility to import foreign substances into liver cells that normally do not penetrate liver cell plasma membranes. PMID- 7303822 TI - Thalidomide-like malformations caused by Tween surfactant in mice. PMID- 7303823 TI - A simple coding procedure enhances a neuron's information capacity. AB - The contrast-response function of a class of first order interneurons in the fly's compound eye approximates to the cumulative probability distribution of contrast levels in natural scenes. Elementary information theory shows that this matching enables the neurons to encode contrast fluctuations most efficiently. PMID- 7303824 TI - [Modeling of the nose tip in rhinoplasty]. PMID- 7303825 TI - [Permanent closure of radioulcers of the lower abdomen and groin region by abdominal dermolipectomy with displacement plastic surgery]. AB - Despite improved techniques in modern x-ray therapy of genital tumors, radioulcera of the groin and lower abdominal wall are still common. The reconstruction of this area can be achieved by a modified abdominoplasty technique. This technique is described and results are demonstrated. PMID- 7303826 TI - [The supinator syndrome. Diagnosis - therapy - results]. AB - The compression of the r. profundus of n. radialis by m. superior is a rare nerve compression syndrome of the upper extremity. In many cases its diagnosis is very difficult. 14 patients with a emg-manifest supinator syndrome were examined after operation. The examinations were performed as to etiology, symptoms and postoperative status depending on pre-operative duration of trouble. PMID- 7303827 TI - [Urea production rate - a parameter of the catabolism in burns]. AB - The Urea production (PU) of three severe burned patients is presented as an example for calculating protein loss. Burn injuries are accompanied by an extensive catabolism more then any other disease, operation or trauma. The operative stress caused a further increase of PU. The highest values are measured in electric burns. Alimentation is considered as an important therapeutic mean to diminish catabolism. Urea production rate is presented as a simple method to control protein loss and can be done in every hospital. PMID- 7303828 TI - [Neurobiological basis of pain]. PMID- 7303829 TI - [Mental aspects of chronic pain]. PMID- 7303830 TI - [Analgesics dependence and abuse]. PMID- 7303831 TI - [Treatment of pain in the hospital and in general practice]. PMID- 7303832 TI - [Dear dysmenorrhea patient!]. PMID- 7303833 TI - [Acute abdominal pain in children. An "all or nothing" symptom]. PMID- 7303834 TI - [Gynecology in children and adolescents]. PMID- 7303835 TI - [Enzyme diagnosis in children. Value and limitations]. PMID- 7303836 TI - [Venoruton--used not only in venopathies? Symposium on O-(beta-hydroxyethyl) rutoside (=Venoruton) in vascular diseases]. PMID- 7303837 TI - [Consequences of unexpected drug effects, beginning with contergan studies by pediatrists]. PMID- 7303838 TI - [Long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis with ambroxol]. PMID- 7303839 TI - [Emotional problems in physically ill patients]. PMID- 7303840 TI - [Therapy of chronic heart insufficiency]. PMID- 7303841 TI - [Chronic obstructive respiratory tract and lung diseases]. PMID- 7303842 TI - [Radiologic early signs of chronic polyarthritis in adults with the example of small hand and foot joints]. PMID- 7303843 TI - [Chronic diseases of the female genitalia]. PMID- 7303844 TI - [Mycoses of the skin]. PMID- 7303845 TI - [Causes and therapy of migraine]. PMID- 7303846 TI - [Vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Primarily a general medicine problem]. PMID- 7303847 TI - [Comparative study on the shrinking effect of diclofenac-sodium and an aescin preparation in traumatology]. PMID- 7303848 TI - [General anesthesia with dipidolor for heart valve prosthesis. Comparison with morphine anesthesia]. PMID- 7303849 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the hemodynamic effects of high doses of morphine, dipidolor, pentazocine and fentanyl]. PMID- 7303850 TI - [Ionic mechanisms of action of high doses of morphine]. PMID- 7303851 TI - [Computer analysis of the effect of different variants of induction anesthesia on central hemodynamics]. PMID- 7303852 TI - [General pathology of the nervous system (status and prospects)]. PMID- 7303853 TI - [State of central hemodynamics in patients with sepsis and acute kidney failure]. PMID- 7303854 TI - [Experimental clinical study of the analgesic action of various components of general electroanesthesia without pharmacologic anesthetics and analgesics]. PMID- 7303855 TI - [Analgesic anesthesia in children: procedure and clinical course]. PMID- 7303856 TI - [Effect of general fluothane anesthesia on phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte blast transformation]. PMID- 7303858 TI - [Clinico-physiologic mechanisms of respiratory insufficiency during the postoperative period]. PMID- 7303857 TI - [Myoparalytic action of succinylcholine during intravenous general anesthesia with ketamine in ambulatory patients]. PMID- 7303859 TI - [Effect of prolonged artificial pulmonary ventilation on respiratory function and hemodynamics in the immediate postoperative period in children]. PMID- 7303860 TI - [Stress and the neuroendocrine system of oncology patients]. PMID- 7303861 TI - [Study of the "body composition" of cancer patients using 4OK]. PMID- 7303862 TI - [Experience with using the technic of tissue cryodestruction to treat underlying diseases and precancer of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7303863 TI - [Psychological rehabilitation of oncology patients]. PMID- 7303864 TI - [Use of the operating microscope in dermatologic practice]. PMID- 7303865 TI - [Borderline sera in syphilis serodiagnosis]. PMID- 7303866 TI - [Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis)]. PMID- 7303867 TI - [Combined course of herpes simplex and acute viral respiratory diseases]. PMID- 7303868 TI - [Case of Buschke's scleredema]. PMID- 7303869 TI - [Epidermal changes in late recurrences of psoriasis after photochemotherapy]. PMID- 7303870 TI - [Treatment of plantar warts by irradiation with an extracted electron beam]. PMID- 7303871 TI - [Treatment of Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 7303872 TI - [Case of ascending gonorrhea in a girl]. PMID- 7303873 TI - [Time period for clinicoserological follow-up of patients finishing treatment for syphilis]. PMID- 7303874 TI - [Diagnosis of early congenital syphilis]. PMID- 7303875 TI - [Case of ecthymiform and rupioid syphilid]. PMID- 7303876 TI - [2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene skin test as an index of the primary cellular immunological response in skin diseases and syphilis]. PMID- 7303877 TI - [Tyrosine content of the blood in pemphigus]. PMID- 7303878 TI - [Total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol in psoriasis]. PMID- 7303879 TI - [Radioisotope indication of liver antitoxic function in leprosy]. PMID- 7303880 TI - [Clinical characteristics and natural resistance indices in psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 7303881 TI - [Importance of function tests for recording a latent tendency to exacerbation in dermatoses treated at health resorts]. PMID- 7303882 TI - [Keratoacanthoma of the tongue in a child]. PMID- 7303883 TI - [Tryptophan metabolism in psoriasis]. PMID- 7303884 TI - [Case of congenital total anonychia]. PMID- 7303885 TI - [Trichotillomania as an obsessive neurosis]. PMID- 7303886 TI - [Bedpan dermatitis in children]. PMID- 7303887 TI - [Recurrent lupus vulgaris in elephantiasis nostras cruris]. PMID- 7303888 TI - [2 cases of toxicoderma from the external use of blue ointment]. PMID- 7303889 TI - [2 cases of a generalized form of herpes zoster]. PMID- 7303890 TI - [Long-term use of DDS by patients with Duhring's herpetiform dermatitis]. PMID- 7303891 TI - [Syphilis in a child (a rare case of a home infection with penile localization of the hard chancre)]. PMID- 7303892 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the parietal cortex on alimentary conditioned reflexes in dogs]. AB - Changes in elaborated alimentary secretory reflexes were studied in dogs during bilateral electrical stimulation of the parietal cortex. It was found that a low frequency (1 imp/s) continuous stimulation with subthreshold rectangular current exerts predominantly an inhibitory influence: on the beginning of stimulation, the spontaneous secretion and the secretion at intervals between the conditioned reflexes diminish, the latencies of conditioned reactions become longer, the conditioned secretion is reduced; at the same time unconditioned reflexes are retained and there is a tendency to their increase. High frequency (100 imp/s) stimulation with the same current is attended with an increase of conditioned, unconditioned and spontaneous secretion; however the latencies of conditioned reflexes are increased. Stimulation of the right hemisphere, contralateral to the side of secretion recording, exerts a more pronounced influence on the conditioned alimentary reflexes than that of the ipsilateral hemisphere. PMID- 7303893 TI - [Instrumental defensive conditioned reflexes to electric stimulation of the hypothalamus in dogs]. AB - An instrumental defensive conditioned reflex to electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LHS) was elaborated in seven dogs with electrodes implanted in different structures of the limbic system. Electrocutaneous stimulation was disrupted by a lift of the foreleg to a certain level. The conditioned reflex developed slowly: it appeared at the 15th to 35 th pairing, became stable by the 120--150th pairing of stimuli and reached a 60--90% level. Extinction of the conditioned reflex took 70--80 presentations of the conditioned stimulus without reinforcement. As LHS turned into a signal of electrocutaneous stimulation, the typical reactions to it weakened; in particular, searching movements and sniffing virtually disappeared, while licking movements appeared much more seldom both during the action of the conditioned stimulus and in the intervals between stimuli pairings. PMID- 7303894 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the amygdala on formation and reproduction of conditioned reactions]. AB - In experiments on immobilized cats in a model of a conditioned reflex with a short delay, sub-convulsive high frequency stimulation of the amygdala (60 c/s) did not produce any prolonged changes in the EEG, the skin-galvanic reaction or heart rate. Such stimulation, however, resulted in a more efficient functioning of memory mechanisms. In experiments with amygdala stimulation before learning, the number of pairings of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli necessary for the formation of a conditioned evoked potential (CEP) and a conditioned neurographic response (CNR) was significantly less than that without stimulation. In another series of experiments amygdala stimulation after learning facilitated the CEP and CNR reproduction. As a result of stimulation, CEP appeared in the structures whose combination corresponded to the maximal probability of CNR manifestation. PMID- 7303895 TI - [Spike activity of dorsal hippocampus neurons of rabbits during self stimulation]. AB - Responses of 47 neurones of the dorsal hippocampus were studied in a chronic experiment on free-behaving rabbits during self-stimulation behaviour. The achievement by the animals of the instrumental habit of pressing the lever produced stimulation of the lateral hippocampus. It was found that different hippocampal neurones change the frequency of their discharges at different stages of self-stimulation behaviour: some at the stage of the animal's approach to the lever, others during stimulation and still others in the poststimulation period. Inhibition and activation reactions in most of the neurones were of opposite direction at the moment of stimulation and in the poststimulation period. During the reinforcing stimulation the hippocampal theta-neurones were the most reactive. PMID- 7303896 TI - [Learning and regulation of visceral processes]. PMID- 7303897 TI - [Forward and backward connections in instrumental drinking conditioned reflexes in rats]. AB - Stabilization of instrumental drinking conditioned reflexes in rats is attended with a more frequent manifestation of backward connection. In response to the conditioned signal the first to appear is a classical conditioned reflex: the rat licks the drinking cup. This is followed by pressing the bar (manifestation of backward connection) after which the rat drinks the water (forward connection). When drinking, the rat tonically presses the bar (backward connection). During the rest of the session, phasic motor reactions prevail. Individual variations of frequency of backward connections manifestations were established in different rats. PMID- 7303898 TI - [Limits to formation of trace conditioned reflexes to time]. AB - Conditioned reflexes to different time intervals (from 0.25 to 90 min) were elaborated in Wistar line rats by motor food-procuring method. A conditioned reflex to time is formed easier and attains highest precision to intervals from 1 to 4 min. With shorter (0.5 to 0.75 min) and longer (6 to 10 min) intervals, the reflex to time is unstable and not precise. To intervals beyond the 0.5 to 10 min range the conditioned reflex to time could not be formed by the above method. Experimental data are corroborated by theoretical estimations of the shortest and longest intervals to which it is possible to elaborate a conditioned reflex to time by trace reflex mechanism. The data obtained are considered as a confirmation of Pavlov's hypothesis on the physiological mechanisms of the process of formation of a short-interval conditioned reflex to time. PMID- 7303899 TI - [Internal inhibition in rats after destruction of amygdaloid complex nuclei]. AB - In experiments on male albino rats bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) impaired extinction and differentiation of the food-procuring conditioned reflexes where as bilateral corticomedial (CMA) lesions had no effect on them. The BLA damage caused a significant impairment of the aversive stimuli discrimination but had no effect on the extinction of the conditioned avoidance reflex in a shuttle-box. The CMA lesions in both hemispheres led to attenuation of aversive stimuli discrimination and delay of avoidance extinction. The data obtained testify to the BLA dominant role in internal inhibition of the alimentary conditioned reflexes and the CMA dominant role in internal inhibition of avoidance conditioning and furthermore to the importance of BLA in the evaluation of the emotional significance and biological validity of the stimuli (reward or punishment). PMID- 7303900 TI - [Spatial localization of sources of slow EEG activity by the equivalent dipole method]. AB - Coordinates and moments of equivalent sources of various kinds of slow activity- local, generalized and synchronous (delta- or theta-ranges) -- were estimated on a computer on the basis of a model of single equivalent dipole, by the method of the coordinates descent. Investigation of local delta-activity caused by a volume process in the brain shows that its localization coincides with the peripheral zone of the tumour. Localization of the delta-focus enables to indicate its position not only on the surface, but in the depth of the brain as well. The dipole localization method helps to specify the concept of "secondary" slow waves and to differentiate slow activity of total brain-, brain-stem and local nature. PMID- 7303902 TI - [Cooperative activity of adjacent visual cortex neurons in alert cats]. AB - By means of auto- and crosscorrelation analysis, background activity of neighbouring neurones was studied in the visual cortex of alert cats. Four types of units differing in spike activity were found; each cortical microarea could consist of neurones of one or of different types. Analysis of configuration of mutual correlation histograms revealed four types of interdependent relations between the neighbouring neurones; definite types of spike activity of individual neurones were characteristic for each type of relations. Study of microsystems in which all or part of the neurones were united by the activity of a "common source" led to the assumption that the source was located outside the microsystems. PMID- 7303901 TI - [Interrelationship between differently spaced neurons in the auditory and motor zones of the cerebral cortex in cats]. AB - Multineuronal activity was studied in unrestrained cats with bundles of seven electrodes (tips dia. 50 mcm) chronically implanted in the auditory and motor cortex. Spikes of the highest and lowest amplitude were isolated from each neurogram by an amplitude discriminator. Functional connections between neurones located under different electrodes at a distance of up 540 mcm were defined by statistical dependence of the isolated spike series. In the auditory cortex, the distance at which it was possible to detect connections between high amplitude neurones (H-H) did not exceed 450 mcm, while between low amplitude neurones (L-L) it was 270 mcm. In the motor cortex, dependent relations for similar pairs of neurones (H-H) and (L-L) were found at all the studied distances up to 540 mcm. For mixed neuronal pairs (H-L and L-H) functional connections at different distances were differently expressed at various distances. PMID- 7303903 TI - [Characteristics of responses of neurons of the limbic nuclei of the thalamus. Anteroventral and anteromedial nuclei]. AB - Neuronal activity of the limbic thalamic nuclei AV and AM was examined extracellularly in chronic experiments on rabbits. Significant differences of spontaneous and evoked activity were observed. In n. AV, responses to sensory stimuli were predominantly of specific (34%) and phasic (42%) types. Responses to stimuli of various modalities were selective and differentiated, with complex dynamic changes. In n. AM activity was more uniform. In the majority of neurones (81%) sensory stimuli evoked diffuse undifferentiated tonic responses. Habituation was the only prominent dynamic process in this nucleus. PMID- 7303904 TI - [Visual evoked potentials of fledglings to ecologically significant stimuli]. AB - A study was made of the structure of evoked potentials in the Wulst of the dorsal hyperstriatum in five- to eight-day old nestlings in response to ecologically determined visual stimuli significant for the alimentary behaviour, within the range of their intensity natural fluctuation. It was established that the parameters of the visual evoked potentials correlate with the rate of behaviour manifestation, which depends on the level of alimentary motivation. At a low motivation level (and under Nembutal anaesthesia), latencies of all response components depend on the energetic parameters of the stimuli and to a maximum degree so -- the primary component latencies. At a high level of alimentary motivation, dependence of the response components latencies on the stimuli parameters is pronounced to a much lesser degree, and still less for the primary component. It is assumed that when the subsequent behavioral response is present, evoked potentials are more linked to the processes of organization and realization of behaviour than to the parameters of affective stimulation. PMID- 7303905 TI - [Analysis of the galvanic skin response to visual stimuli in preschool children]. PMID- 7303906 TI - [Frequency structure of evoked potentials to light in different regions of the human cerebral cortex]. PMID- 7303907 TI - [Instrumental conditioned defense reflex to electric stimulation of the medial geniculate body]. PMID- 7303908 TI - [Changes in the configuration of primary responses of the visual cortex upon increasing the intensity of background acoustic stimuli over threshold values]. PMID- 7303909 TI - [Visual cortex evoked potentials in the inhibitory and active phases of a delayed conditioned reflex in cats]. PMID- 7303910 TI - [Structuro-functional analysis of tongue receptors influences on the cochlear nuclei]. PMID- 7303911 TI - [Dynamics of changes in cortical evoked potentials during formation of a motor dominant in rabbits]. PMID- 7303912 TI - [Neurochemical characteristics of alimentary motivation at the level of reticular formation neurons]. PMID- 7303913 TI - [Reverberations of spreading depression in the pigeon forebrain]. PMID- 7303914 TI - [Device for graphic recording of planarian behavior]. PMID- 7303915 TI - [Microiontophoretic technic for studying the neurons of freely moving rats]. PMID- 7303917 TI - Air quality in selected urban areas 1977-1978. WHO Collaborating Centre on Environmental Pollution Control, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA. PMID- 7303916 TI - [Automated system for studying the higher nervous activity and motor activity of fish]. PMID- 7303918 TI - Lead, cadmium, and mercury contents of fungi in the Helsinki area and in unpolluted control areas. PMID- 7303919 TI - [Collection of data for the planning of ambulatory care]. PMID- 7303920 TI - [Household survey: methods for the definition and recognition of health and supply indicators]. AB - The research project "Towards a Swiss Health Survey" (Swiss National Science Foundation grant No. 4.350.0.79.08) aims at contributing to the development, testing and critical evaluation of new ambulatory care data systems. Specifically, the research project attempts 1) to develop reliable and valid health and use indicators, 2) to present representative data on perceived morbidity of the Swiss population, and 3) to analyse the demand for health and health services using epidemiological, econometric and sociological methods. In Phase I of the study plan, representative samples of the populations within the three language groups (German, French, Italian) and one group of foreign immigrants (Italians) will be interviewed. In phase II, subgroups of special interest defined after the analysis of Phase I will be investigated in more detail. The present paper discusses the problems both of content and method inherent in such a health survey. PMID- 7303921 TI - [National surveys in households on the utilization of medical care in France]. AB - These surveys are performed in France every ten years (1960, 1970), 1980). The last one included a random sample of 10000 households (representative for the French population). In four waves of three months each the whole year is covered. Each household is visited five times with an interval of three weeks. Data collection uses interviews and diaries. During the first visit socio-economic characteristics, social security, illnesses and handicaps of the household members are registered. During each of the following four three-week periods all medical goods and services and related expenses are noted and on his next visit the interviewer collects this information and gets necessary details particularly on motivations. The last visit is used to cover handicaps and risk factors. The importance of the method lies in the articulation of the measurement of disease and its consequences (health care utilization). The data are used for the evaluations in the framework of the "National Accounting" (expenses and prices). They allow the study of the effect of socio-demographic variables of morbidity and of the structure of the health care system on the consumption of medical care. PMID- 7303922 TI - [A general view of the ambulatory care sector: Structural and functional study in the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg]. AB - The project "Quantification and qualification of ambulatory health care", financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation and covering the Cantons of Vaud and Fribourg, has two main goals: --a structural study of the elements of the ambulatory care sector. This is done through inventories of the professions concerned (physicians, public health nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacists, medical laboratories), allowing to better characterize the "offer". This inventory work includes the collect and analysis of existing statistical data as well as surveys, by questionnaires sent (from September 1980) to the different professions and by interviews. --a functional study, inspired from the US National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and from similar studies elsewhere, in order to investigate the modes of practice of various providers, with particular regard to interprofessional collaboration (through studying referrals from the ones to the others). The first months of the project have been used for a methodological research in this regard, centered on the use of systems analysis, and for the elaboration of adequate instruments. PMID- 7303923 TI - [A structural study of the ambulatory care system using surveys of professions: methods and 1st results]. AB - In Switzerland the ambulatory care system considered as a whole, is not sufficiently known, especially as regards number and location of institutions and professionals, forms of cooperation and measures of activity. The research team "Ambulatory care" of the Swiss National Research Programme No. 8 tries to fill that gap in the cantons of Fribourg and Vaud in pointing out to the recent but lasting numeric growth in all professions contributing to ambulatory care. The latter represent 42% of all health workers, and among them the physicians are 1/7. This study attracts attention to institutions and organizations like those providing home care and outpatient departments of regional hospitals. PMID- 7303924 TI - [Methodologic note on the collaboration between practitioners in the ambulatory care sector]. AB - There are still few studies about the collaboration between ambulatory practitioners (physicians and paramedical services). Nevertheless, the interest seems to be growing for this aspect of health care; it involves indeed basic organisational problems as well as fundamental questions about quality of care and its economic implication. A basic problem is rooted in the inevitable contradiction of the efforts towards a highly qualified-i.e. specialised-care on the one hand and those towards continuity on the other hand. PMID- 7303926 TI - [Care of chronically ill geriatric patients by the participation of family members]. AB - The increasing number of elderly sharply increases the need for patient care. Family members of elderly patients are often unable to care for their relatives. Institutionalised care is more apt to satisfy the physical needs of the chronically ill elderly patients. The national research program 8 addresses this question The project "Family Care Unit" investigates how many hospitalised chronically ill elderly patients still have relatives who could participate in the care of the hospitalised patients on a part time basis and under professional guidance. A representative sample of patients in acute- and geriatric clinics of the city of Basle are evaluated. The interview records social, demographic and psychological aspects. Furthermore the work situation of the relatives (work compensation, financial compensation) will be carefully evaluated. The duration of the evaluation is scheduled to take about two years. The result will allow the decision wether such a pilot Family Care Unit is feasible. The advantage of such a approach is beside the economic aspects a more efficient integration of relatives in the care of chronically ill elderly without unbearable disruption of the social network of the participating family member. PMID- 7303925 TI - [Analysis of referral rate between medical practitioners--a review of the literature]. AB - The authors are discussing the results of the international literature with regards to referrals between ambulatory physicians. There are still few studies on this problem and the methodologies used are often too different to make valid comparisons. However, the earned results suggest more questions than they give answers to the determinants of the referral process. This can be explained by the multidimensionality of factors which are involved in the decision to refer a patient to another practitioner, particularly by the complex interaction between the characteristics of each patient, practitioner and the sanitary system itself. PMID- 7303927 TI - [System control and regulatory politics in health care]. AB - System Control and Regulatory Policy in the Health Care Sector. Experiences with cost control measures in the Federal Republic of Germany demonstrate that policies and interventions in the Health Care Sector must take account of the particularities of its "non-market-system". It is important to use and combine the potential to influence every one of the involved aggregates. Regulatory Policy does not aim at the "big reform", rather at a step-by-step development of this complex system. PMID- 7303928 TI - [Health maintenance organizations: starting point of a market economical reform of health care]. AB - The present work was based on the observations that, as regards health care costs, the major problem in most present systems is that those who are responsible for the treatment decision (physician and patient) do not bear a direct financial responsibility for it, and that the overall system is very fragmented, which leads to numerous externalities. In accordance with this diagnosis, a reform strategy should particularly aim at creating units which are responsible for the provision and the financial coverage of comprehensive health services to a given population. Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) are a private economy oriented solution in this direction. They have proved to be a real possibility in the USA over years, at least for part of the population, and show interesting performances as regards costs. They were able to develop and evolve in the largely open US institutional framework. In Switzerland, we have more strongly structured systems, which appear to stand in relative contradiction to the HMO solution. A potential adaptation of the concept to our country would therefore require a preliminary in depth discussion about the meaning of the present collective (insurance) contract structure, the position of hospitals in a private economy health care system as well as about the conditions of the sought for competition in the HMO model. PMID- 7303929 TI - [Data analysis in health insurance]. AB - In the last fifty years four to six mathematical research endeavours of general significance only have been designed in the field of health insurance. It is inconsequent to discuss the changes needed in the insurance system without having at one's disposal minimal mathematically-statistically firm basic figures. The present work first generally defines the mathematical bases in the health insurance field. The purpose of the project, within the first large scale data analysis, is above all the development of concepts for the institutionalized, systematic and periodical exploitation of the data available to health insurance carriers and their testing with econometric models. At the same time, thanks to methods to regularly collect data in the various health care sectors, the dependence of cost factors on medical care supply, on the structure of the insured population and on the cost causes will be studied at periodic intervals. Cheap sampling concepts shall be developed and tested in order to obtain the data which are not gathered directly. In a few fields data collection through surveys will be organized in order to allow for comprehensive interdisciplinary interpretation of the data. PMID- 7303930 TI - [The cost-insurance-spiral in health care]. AB - The working hypothesis is that a cost-insurance spiral is operating in the Swiss health care system. It consists of three causal links. First, insurance coverage is one of the factors influencing the probability with which an individual sees a physician for a given condition. With improved coverage, demand for initial contacts will rise, inducing changes in ambulatory cost per case treated as well as in the propensity of hospitalization. Due to this second relationship, members of the sick funds find themselves exposed to an increased financial risk. Therefore, they tend to adjust coverage accordingly. With this third link, a feedback is established, and the cost-insurance spiral is ready to go into another round. The questions of whether such a spiral exists, the speed with which it turns, and how it could be slowed down are at the core of an investigation that will be completed in 1982. Members of a major sick fund have already been sampled in order to supplement insurance records with socioeconomic data. PMID- 7303931 TI - [Number, duration and content of consultations in Swiss physicians' practices. A study on ambulatory physician care in Switzerland]. PMID- 7303933 TI - [The National Research Program No. 8 - a contribution for an effective health care politic]. AB - Health policy cannot be separated from general policy. In a democratic society it should be elaborated in an open discussion of desirable goals and their relative values and take into account the limits of feasibility. For both, goal setting and goal achievement, knowledge of facts and interrelations in the health care system are needed. To this, the Swiss National Research Programme on "Health Services" is designed to contribute. PMID- 7303932 TI - [Determination and analysis of cost and production measures in physicians' practices and hospitals for the objective evaluation of medical measures]. AB - The complete data on 7200 practising physicians in Switzerland were analyzed in the first phase of the project. The 2600 GP's and the 4600 specialists (in 18 medical specialties) were categorized as to year of graduation and geographic regions (population centres). The distributions of the practising physician of the different specialties over the population centres (defined by 30-min. catchment area) areas were evaluated. Trends towards specialization in larger settlement areas were analyzed. The results are being used as a basis for formation of samples for further studies. The inventories of medical technical equipment and medical procedures are in the process of systematization. PMID- 7303934 TI - [Results of a questionnaire study on coronary disease and its relation to electrocardiographic changes and respiratory symptoms in a North German population]. AB - For purposes of a study conducted in the townships of Nordenham and Brake, a self administered questionnaire was used to detect suspect cases of coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, suspected myocardial infarction). The inquiry revealed for "typical" and "atypical" (extended range of criteria) angina pectoris a percentage of 10.8 (N = 898) for males aged 30-64 and of 15.4 (N = 1207) for females. There were no essential differences by the place of residence of the test persons. The question for the presence of pain suggesting myocardial infarction was answered "yes" by an average 7.6% of men and 4.6% of women, with highest percentages for both sexes in Nordenham. In test persons whose answers in respect of the presence of angina pectoris were positive, the frequency of ECG signs of ischemia (Q and Q-S anomalies, ST-T changes) at rest exceeded those in persons who did not mention cardiac complaints by a factor of 1.8. Specific ECG changes were most frequently found in test persons suffering from angina pectoris and pain suggesting myocardial infarction. In persons suffering from angina pectoris, symptoms of chronic bronchitis were present twice as often as in those who had no cardiac complaint. Dyspnea occurred less often in cases of chronic bronchitis than those with coronary heart disease. PMID- 7303935 TI - [Tobacco and alcohol consumption in young men]. PMID- 7303936 TI - [Prognostic factors for the treatment of female alcoholics. Results of an evaluation of the Wyssholzli Sanitarium]. PMID- 7303937 TI - [Internal evaluation of the experience of the National Program of Research 1A on the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Swiss National Program of Research 1A. Study group]. PMID- 7303938 TI - [The traumatic subarachnoidal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - In general forensic neurotraumatologic experience blunt head traumas can cause a lethal basal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Twenty-seven published cases of traumatic ruptures with either sufficiently described or histologically proven origin from an other wise "healthy" basal artery system were collected and four new observations were added. In 16 cases detachments and lacerations of arteries in the region of branchings from the Circulus Willisii were described: overstretching ruptures. In eight cases longitudinal ruptures free from branchings were found: bursting ruptures. In the four new cases these 4-5 mm long ruptures were situated beside the branching of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery., The predominant number of traumas arose from fights under alcoholic influence, which could be classified as minor traumata. Generally only bruises and abrasions in the face were described, furthermore fractures of skull and jaw in three cass and an injury of the cervical vertebral column once. This histological proof of the origin of subarachnoidal hemorrhages can be helpful for an exact answer to legal questions. PMID- 7303940 TI - [Contribution to biotransformation and analysis of the psychopharmacon mefexamide (author's transl)]. AB - After oral administration of a therapeutic dosage (400 mg) Mefexamide (I), six excretion products were detected in human urine and subsequently identified by GC/MS and TLC: in addition to the unchanged drug (I) in the acidic extracted urine without hydrolysis p-methoxiphenoxiaceticacid-methylester (II) and p methoxiphenoxiaceticacid (III) were detected; the latter two and p-hydroxyanisole (IV) were also found in the acidic extract after hydrolysis (with hydrochloric acid or enzymatic). In the alkaline urine extract besides the unchanged drug (I) and the main metabolite V (partially described previously by Forist et al. [8]1), metabolite VI, which occurred only in very small amounts, could be detected. Additionally, 2-diethylaminoethylamine (VII) was identified as an artifact in the alkaline extract after acidic hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of mefexamide with hydrochloric acid led to substances II, III, IV, and VII. For the main metabolite V, a synthesis route is described. Approximately 15% of the administered drug was recovered in the 24-h urine; substances I and V could be detected a least 72h after application. PMID- 7303939 TI - [Death by obstructive asphyxia: the pathophysiology of respiration and hemodynamics (author's transl)]. AB - The pathophysiology of respiration and hemodynamics during the agonal period of death by obstructive asphyxia was investigated. Experiments were carried out on ten dogs that were strangulated by ligature (seven cases) or asphyxiated by occlusion of the intubation tube (three cases). The following parameters were registered: Blood pressure in the arteria femoralis and arteria pulmonalis, electrocardiogram, endotracheal pressure, respiratory frequency, electroencephalogram. These were the most important findings: (a) An excessive and distinctly biphasic hypertonic reaction takes place after strangulation by ligature whereas occlusion of the intubation tube results in a slight increase of arterial blood pressure. (b) After occlusion of the tube more than after strangulation the endotracheal pressure becomes deeply negative during the inspiration trials. (c) After cessation of respiration a distinct pulmonary arterial hypertension develops in both forms of obstructive asphyxia. (d) The paralysis of the respiratory center takes place after about 4 min at the same time when the circulatory breakdown develops. The final cardiac failure occurs after about 9-10 min. The dysregulation of respiration and hemodynamics in the agony of obstructive asphyxia can be differentiated from other shock models. This results in special morphological alterations of the lung tissue which have been described elsewhere. PMID- 7303941 TI - [Sudden death caused by cancer of the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303942 TI - [Longitudinal tears of the vertebral arteries. Calculations and experimental findings concerning the conditions (author's transl)]. AB - In the preceding publication (see p. 1) the question arose of how to explain the longitudinal tears of the vertebral arteries at the departure of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, that occur as origin of fatal subarachnoidal hemorrhage subsequent to blunt forces against the head. As the result of calculation of flow dynamics in a right-angled branching a curvature of the main vessel opposite to the flow in the branch develops. If the main vessel is unable to evade, the branch will be impressed into the main vessel in a piston-like manner. An experiment with silicon tubes succeeded to produce longitudinal tears resembling to those described by Krauland. Traumatic increase of pressure and stress of the vessels are considered the most likely cause of longitudinal ruptures of the basal arteries. PMID- 7303943 TI - [Influence of muscle contraction on wound measurements after defined dynamic stabbing tests (author's transl)]. AB - The following questions were considered: Are the results of dynamic stabbing tests (experimentally taken from corpses) acceptable for forensic purposes? What about the influence of muscle contraction and wound measurements after defined violence? It could be demonstrated that in dynamic stabbing tests rigor mortis in muscle is equivalent to an extreme muscle contraction. It was easier to perforate a limb with stretched muscles than with relaxed ones. Very seldom people are wounded having stretched their muscles extremely. Therefore, quantitative results of dynamic stabbing tests in corpses represent the minimum of reconstructed stabbing dynamics in vivo. PMID- 7303944 TI - [Grazing gun shot wounds (author's transl)]. AB - The ballistics of graze shots without bullet contact were investigated. Shots from several heights and distances were performed on stretched elastic bandages nearly tangentially. With shots from short distances there were soot stripes transverse to the shot direction within the picture of partially and uncombusted powder residues upon the elastic bandages, not yet described in the literature. The phenomenon of getting reproducible stripes within the graze shot effects were studied by photos taken by a high speed camera (nearly 4,000 and 7,000 pictures/s). Just when the shot broke off, stationary waves were inflicted within the elastic surface by the shot streams. The white stripes within the graze shot effects were in the shot stream shadow when the hot powder gas and uncombusted residues went over the elastic bandages. The physical and theoretical aspects were explained and concrete case was demonstrated. The investigation of graze shot effects is a new possibility to determine short shot distances. PMID- 7303945 TI - [Haemorrhages, directly and indirectly in origin, localised in the musculus sternocleidomastoideus. (Contribution towards the angio-architecture of the skeletal muscle) (author's transl)]. AB - Haemorrhages in skeletal muscle--as in this case the musculus sternocleidomastoideus--caused by direct and local impact very often have a patchy form. They are produced not only by lesions of capillaries, small veins, and small arteries, but also by damage of muscle fibres. Indirect impact stretches muscle fibres and blood vessels very much, far away from the locality of direct impact. By this maximal stretching a protection mechanism is abolished, which exists by of the different angles of a blood vessel and its small vessel branches off, adapted to the distance of contraction and stretching and by the thickened connective tissue surrounding the vessels. Thus, blood vessels may be torn, especially such vessels that branch off nearly at a right angle. Blood will then flow into the small areas of connective tissue surrounding the vessels, and bleedings occur in form of stripes. PMID- 7303946 TI - [A new method to investigate embolism of liver tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303947 TI - [Compression of the neck and arterial obstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303948 TI - [Changes in blood concentrations of halothane and enflurane in the elimination phase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7303949 TI - [Coronary insufficiency due to disturbances in coronary blood flow (author's transl)]. AB - This paper tries to elucidate the mechanism of sudden death and myocardial infarction in the case of arteriosclerosis constricting the lumen of the vessels without obliteration. Two type of coronary arteriosclerosis can be differentiated: 1. The constrictions are limited to main coronary arteries; 2. The constrictions are found in small branches and precapillaries. In group 1 the reduction of blood flow depends on the systemic blood pressure. In group 2 the disturbances in blood distribution cannot by compensated by the rise in blood pressure. These phenomena can be elucidated by Kirchhoff's equations on the flow of liquid through elastic tubes and by comparison with elastic current flow or gas flow in pipeline net. Disturbances in the transport of nutritive substrates result in the non-uniform polarization of heart muscle fibers which leads to arrhythmias and acute insufficiency. PMID- 7303950 TI - [Essentiality of lead for growth and metabolism]. PMID- 7303951 TI - Effects of monensin on ruminal fluid viscosity, pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia levels, and microbial activity and population in healthy and bloated feedlot steers. PMID- 7303952 TI - Effects of abomasal infusions of casein on N excretion and urea turnover in sheep. PMID- 7303953 TI - [The quantification of nitrogen metabolism in the forestomachs of dairy cows. 1. The examination of microbial nitrogen with 15 nitrogen as a marker]. PMID- 7303954 TI - [The quantification of nitrogen metabolism in the forestomachs of dairy cows. 2. The effect of nitrogen supply and feeding frequency on rumen nitrogen metabolism]. PMID- 7303955 TI - [The dependence of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase upon alimentary tract zinc]. PMID- 7303956 TI - [Contents of iron, copper, and zinc in newborns and in liver and spleen of growing rats in alimentary lead deficiency]. PMID- 7303957 TI - Antibutyric effect of thiabendazole and monensin in the rumen of sheep fed sugar beet silage with urea. PMID- 7303958 TI - [Therapy of localized frost injuries]. PMID- 7303959 TI - [Acute mountain sickness and high-altitude edema]. PMID- 7303960 TI - [Our surgical experience with mountain injuries in 1978 and 1979]. PMID- 7303961 TI - [Statistics of Air Zermatt mountain rescue operations: triage problems, practical examples]. PMID- 7303962 TI - [Mountain accidents, alpine rescue teams]. PMID- 7303963 TI - [Pathology, clinical course and differential diagnosis of ligament injuries in the ankle joint]. PMID- 7303964 TI - [Management of external ankle sprains]. PMID- 7303965 TI - [Results of 300 arthrographies of the upper and 210 of the lower ankle joint]. PMID- 7303966 TI - [Ligament injuries of the upper ankle joint caused by supination trauma]. PMID- 7303967 TI - [Dynamic muscle-activated ligament surgery using the short peroneal tendon]. PMID- 7303968 TI - [Results of lateral ligament surgery of the upper ankle and fascia lata]. PMID- 7303969 TI - [Dwyer's calcaneus osteotomy, combined with surgery of the lateral ligaments in distorsio pedis]. PMID- 7303970 TI - [Late results and disability in ligament injuries of the ankle joint]. PMID- 7303971 TI - [Critical evaluation of Ender's method of bone nailing]. PMID- 7303972 TI - [A simple method for the reinfusion of ascitic fluid in hemodialysis patients]. AB - A simple method for the ascites reinfusion in patients undergoing chronic dialysis, which is easily to be performed using the dialysis apparatuses during the regular haemodialyses and scarcely needs expenditure. When an ascites derivation is indicated in patients undergoing haemodialysis should, in order to avoid a loss of protein, always a reinfusion of the ascites be performed. PMID- 7303973 TI - [Kidney involvement in "mixed connective tissue disease" (Sharp syndrome)]. AB - The case in question of the Sharp-syndrome is a mixed collagenosis with symptoms of sclerodermia, Erythematodes visceralis, dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. Apart from the clinical symptomatology the immunological profile is decisive for the ascertainment of the diagnosis. With the help of 3 descriptions of cases is referred to a frequent participation of the kidneys, particularly histologically and immune-histologically. In contrast to the hitherto existing publications also in missing pathological findings of the urine a renal biopsy should be aspired to, since important therapeutic and prognostic considerations are dependent on this. PMID- 7303974 TI - [The significance of "slight proteinuria"]. AB - It is reported on renal biopsies in 67 patients with "slight proteinuria", 39 of whom were at an age of younger than 20 years. In 53 patients the cause of the "slight proteinuria" is a mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis, where in 2 cases severe changes with sclerosis were proved. Thus by way of addition the necessity of a renal biopsy is emphasized for the clarification of the cause also of a "slight proteinuria". PMID- 7303975 TI - [Amino acid substitution with Infesol in chronically hemodialyzed children]. AB - The L-amino acid solution Infesol and the DL-amino solution Alvesin-new were one after the other investigated for their ability as a substitution of losses of amino acids conditioned by dialysis in 4 children with chronic renal insufficiency. The permanent intravenous drip infusion of 200 ml Infesol during 2 hours after the end of the haemodialysis led to a slight increase of the serum amino acids, which had normalized in a control 12 hours after the beginning of the infusion. The mean value of urea in the serum had increased after 2 hours by 17.60, after 12 hours by 3.65 mg compared with the initial value after the dialysis. The analogous infusion of Alvesin-new led to an on an average higher increase of the serum amino acids in the same patients. In the control after 12 hours the methionine-isoleucine, phenylalanine and arginine values in the serum were still significantly increased compared with the Infesol series. At the same time the mean value of serum urea increased by 80.95 mg/100 ml after two hours. After 12 hours it had increased by 105.5 mg/100 ml compared with the initial value. Thus, the solution of L-amino acid infesol is suitable for the compensation of losses of amino acids conditioned by dialysis. However, its application is reserved for larger dietetically not compensable condition of the lack of amino acids and protein. PMID- 7303976 TI - [Causes of proximal atresia of the ureter in congenital hydronephrosis]. AB - The proximal ureter atresia as a cause of a congenital hydronephrosis with functioning normal kidney is to a certain extent unknown. The histological elaboration of an uretero-pelvic resection preparation of a 7-year-old boy after Anderson-Hynes-plasty showed the transition of a stenosis of the ureter passage into a ureter atresia. Cause of the development of a proximal ureter atresia are secondary changes of the structure in the ureteropelvic segment due to the disturbed urodynamics in stenosis of the ureter passage. The possibilities of the genesis of atresia are discussed and it is referred to the clinical picture of the disease. PMID- 7303977 TI - [Arterial blood supply in double kidneys and kidney fusions]. AB - Double kidneys and renal fusions are the most common anomalies of the upper urinary tract. The effecting factors are still widely unknown. Very often these kidneys are the location and reason of recurrent infections, stone-forming and hydronephrosis. Operations like nephrotomies and partial resections, in which the preoperative knowledge of the arterial blood supply is of great help, have to be performed on them. In a series of 600 kidneys which were examined by pyelography and angiography we found among the 549 kidneys with a normal, single collecting system multiple renal arteries in 13,3% of the cases. In 27,5% of 51 double kidneys and renal fusions in this series we saw more than one artery, counting up to 4 arteries. A connection between the extent of renal duplication and the number of arteries could not be seen. Prior to parenchymal operations on double kidneys and renal fusions a renal arteriography should be performed, as multiple arteries and uncommon arterial origins are to be expected. PMID- 7303978 TI - [The problem of testicular subtorsion]. AB - It is referred to the importance of the subtorsion of the testicle which the authors regard as it were the prodromal stage of the acute total torsion of the testicle. In all cases of infantile or juvenile relapsing pains in testicle and spermatic cord an exact examination for abnormally movable testicles should be performed and in positive findings the bilateral orchiopexy should be carried out. PMID- 7303979 TI - [Modern developments in the diagnosis and therapy of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 7303980 TI - [How invasive is the pelvic total lymphadenectomy in prostatic cancer?]. AB - It is referred to the importance of the pelvic lymphadenectomy for the estimation of the N-determination of the carcinoma of the prostate gland. The demonstration of intraoperative and immediately postoperative complication as well as the valuation of late complications and sequelae was for the first time performed on a larger series of patients. The avoidance of complication is shown and an outlook for further examinations is given. PMID- 7303981 TI - [Clinical and immunological studies in patients with prostatic tumors]. AB - The authors examined the cellular and humoral immune reactivity in patients with carcinomas of the prostate gland and determined several glycoproteins. The blastic transformation of lymphocytes was found significantly decreased. However, the concentrations of the immune globulins were not changed. Significantly changes were the glycoproteins belonging to the group of the "acute phase reactant proteins" and the complement titre in the serum. On account of the decreased immune reactivity the authors propose an immune therapy in the carcinoma of the prostate gland. PMID- 7303982 TI - [Iatrogenic secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis (secondary Ormond disease) caused by contrast medium enema, and the treatment of the resulting hydronephrosis with endourethral splinting ("endoprosthesis")]. AB - A case of secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis with bilateral hydronephrosis, following a barium enema is presented. The mechanism of perforation and the ways of perforation are being discussed. The importance of early surgical intervention is stressed. For treatment of the hydronephrosis an endoureterine splinting was indicated. PMID- 7303983 TI - [Statistical studies on the clinical importance of the "upper calix syndrome"]. AB - Urographical examinations of 290 patients prove a statistically ascertained favouring influence of the "syndrome of the upper calyx" on the development of inflammatory changes of the kidney. Therefore the regular clinical control of patients with dysplasias of the upper group of the calyx, Fraley-syndrome and strictures of the calyx neck is demanded. PMID- 7303984 TI - [Effect of the acid-base status on circulatory stability during acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis]. AB - In the preceding circulatory studies (Hampl et al. 1977, Hampl et al. 1978, Hampl et al. 1979, Hampl et al. 1980) we have proved in our patients that during the acetate dialysis (HDA) the circulatory insufficiency results from the inadequate response of the total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR) to the deprivation of the volume. Of these previously studied patients we selected six ones with frequency episodes of symptomatic hypotension during HDA, treated them with bicarbonate dialysis (HDB) and found a good tolerance to the treatment without symptomatic hypotension despite the same deprivation of the volume. We examined invasively the parameters of the circulation during HDB and found in all six patients a stability of the circulation due to the significant increase of the TPR. In addition to this we examined in the intraindividual comparison the arterial acid-base-status with simultaneous measurement of blood pressure and heart frequency in the six patients during five treatments each with HDA and HDB. Arterial PCO2, base excess and standard bicarbonate were significantly higher during HBL compared with HDA. On the other hand under HDB we did not find any significant PO2, O2-saturation and pH values lasting during the period of treatment. We concluded that the adequate adaptation of the vascular TPR to the deprivation of the volume during HDB is to be referred to a sufficient correlation of the metabolic acidosis; in particular to the normalisation of the arterial PCO2. PMID- 7303985 TI - [Local low-dose streptokinase therapy of shunt thrombosis in chronic hemodialysis patients]. AB - In two patients undergoing haemodialysis on account of a thrombosis of the saphena transplant a local thrombolytic treatment with 50,000 units Awelysin was performed 2--3 times a day. In the two cases after 4 or 5 days a recanalisation developed, in one patient, however, a new thrombosis developed. As prerequisite for the success a sufficiently high shunt flow before the thrombosis is regarded. The exact coagulation-physiological control in the transposition phase from heparin to oral anticoagulants is particularly important. PMID- 7303986 TI - [The etiological importance of cell wall-free microorganisms in pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7303987 TI - [Importance of the establishment of a kidney reference center in East Germany]. PMID- 7303988 TI - [Eye - light - color]. PMID- 7303989 TI - [Ophthalmological occupational medicine (ergophthalmology)]. PMID- 7303990 TI - [Problems of whole body vibration stress in construction machine operators]. PMID- 7303991 TI - [The effect of noise]. PMID- 7303992 TI - [Occupational noise in the iron and metal industry--systematics of determination, results obtained, follow up]. PMID- 7303993 TI - [Occupationally induced hearing loss from recognition to acknowledgment from the view of a state industrial physician]. PMID- 7303994 TI - [Effect of impulse noise from forge hammers on hearing in young men]. PMID- 7303995 TI - [Over-and underload of workers in modern work places]. PMID- 7303996 TI - [Forced posture at display terminals at work]. PMID- 7303997 TI - [Ergonomic organization of keyboards]. PMID- 7303999 TI - [Fat embolism; a survey (author's transl)]. AB - As far as diagnostics, prophylaxis and therapy are concerned, this clinical entity has not lost its acuteness. However it can no longer be considered only as a mechanical problem (impression of fat corpuscles out of the broken bone into the capillaries), instead it has to be regarded as an epiphenomenon of shock in combination with the respiratory distress syndrome and disorders of the microcirculation. A successful anti-shock regimen including effective stabilisation of fractures are at present the best means to prevent fat embolism. The effect of medicaments after manifestation of fat embolism is dubious. PMID- 7303998 TI - [Exposure to nickel of workers in the glass industry. I. Analysis and quantification of external and internal nickel load]. PMID- 7304000 TI - [Experimental comparison of different skin substitutes (author's transl)]. AB - The authors discuss indications for using different temporary skin substitutes in local burn therapy. The clinical philosophy is based on an experience of 15 years. The advantages of those biological materials containing epidermis are stressed. Experimental results obtained in laboratory pigs show the importance of local therapy applied during the first 24 hours following injury, especially in cases of dermal skin loss. The healing of experimental dermal burns, mechanical defects, defects after necrectomy of dermal and full thickness burns were studied. In a further series of experiments in vitro, various biological and synthetic materials were tested as to their efficacy in evaporative waterloss prevention. Best clinical and experimental results were obtained with allografts (fresh and deep frozen) and with xenografts. PMID- 7304001 TI - [Differential therapeutic indications for the useof Xenoderm and SYSper-derm in burns and other skin defects. Commentary on the work of J. Maserova: a comparative study of several synthetic skin substitutes]. AB - The experimental studies by Moserova yield an objective judgement of different biological and synthetic wound dressings and underline the importance of evaporation in the progression of dermal necrosis in the postburn period. Basing on the results of these findings and own experimental and clinical results recommandations are given concerning the use of Xenoderm and SYSpur-derm, both temporary skin substitutes of the GDR-production. The different indications for the application of the two materials are described. PMID- 7304002 TI - [Ethical problems in mass burn disasters (author's transl)]. AB - Severe mass burn disasters may result in disproportions between capacities and facilities of medical aid with the consequence of a planned delayed treatment for poor risk injured persons according to triage. The ethical background and minimal prerequisites to such practice, within the limitations of the state of emergency are explained. PMID- 7304003 TI - [Wrong surgical indication and its consequences: iatrogenic lesion of the radial nerve (author's transl)]. AB - As a rule closed fractures of the humeral shaft should be treated conservatively. Only in very rare cases there is an indication for osteosynthesis. All damage to the tissue following a not indicated osteosynthesis may be charged on the surgeon. PMID- 7304004 TI - [Survey on tetanus immunization]. PMID- 7304005 TI - [Thumb replacement with free transplantation of the 2d toe]. PMID- 7304006 TI - [Cerebral emergency angiography in severe cranio-cerebral trauma in a district hospital]. PMID- 7304007 TI - [Simple self production of an articular splint and its use on the lower extremity]. PMID- 7304008 TI - [Evaluation of environmental analytical data from the Federal Republic of Germany demonstrated by chloroform in drinking water (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304009 TI - [Studies on mercury content of fishes from the Regnitz River in relation to species, length, bodyweight and age (author's transl)]. AB - A large number of different species of fresh-water fish caught out of a certain part of the Regnitz River were tested by atom-absorption-spectroscopy for organic Mercury remains in muscular system and interior organs. The calculation of the data by computer showed positive, negative or no correlations between the Mercury content of the muscles and the biological data length, weight and age. In the course of the inquiry it appeared that fish having very similar habits showed considerable differences in contamination of Mercury, while species of fish having absolutely different habits showed almost similar Mercury contents. These contrary results are explained by a different affinity of each species of fish to a given equivalent Mercury contamination of the water. This affinity is basing on the different accumulation or excretion of organic Mercury compounds despite of similar great absorption. Considering this different affinity some species of fresh-water fish could be used as indicators of Mercury contamination in running waters. PMID- 7304010 TI - Acute toxicity testing of some herbicides-, alkaloids-, and antibiotics metabolizing soil bacteria in the rat. AB - Seven strains of soil bacteria with the ability to metabolize herbicides, alkaloids or antibiotics were tested in rats for acute toxicity. 1. Upon oral administration of 9.0 x 10(8) to 6.6 x 10(10) cells daily during 7 d no adverse reactions were observed. 2. Exposure by air did not lead to specific pulmonary changes. 3. Intracutaneous injection of 7.5 x 10(6) to 1.4 x 10(8) cells did not lead to adverse skin reactions. 4. Intraperitoneal injections up to 10(8) cells per animal did not kill rats although bacteria entered blood. At higher concentrations some mortality occurred partly due to unspecific stress reactions. 5. Animal data and observations on 20 humans being exposed to these strains for 2 months up to 15 years support the view that the bacteria tested are essentially harmless for health. PMID- 7304011 TI - [The tenacity of air-borne bacteria. II. Communication: Experimental investigations carried out for determining the kill constant beta biol for cocci (author's transl)]. AB - The kill constants beta biol. for cocci are determined in a static aerosol chamber. To do this, the particle diminution (living and dead colony-forming units, KE) is determined with a scattered light photometer and the decrease in reseedability of the colony-forming units is measured by a six-stage Andersen collector. The difference is the kill constant beta biol. which is independent of the physical diminution. For use with model calculations it is recommended that limit values should be assumed which realistically express the wide scatter range of the values. PMID- 7304012 TI - [Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking water. 6. Communication: Experimental examination of chlorcaoutchouc paints under working conditions and in laboratory tests (author's transl)]. AB - Five different chlorcaoutchouc coating materials were microbiologically tested. All materials showed a visible microbial growth on the surface. The amount of slime decreased with the increase of age of the coat of paint. After a period of 1 to 1 1/2 years no visible microbial growth could be observed. The decrease of microbial growth on the coat of paint is independent on having been in contact with water or air before. One can say that the main compound of the coating material does not itself produce the visible microbial growth, but additions like volatile compounds. PMID- 7304013 TI - [Occurrence and significance of Actinomycetes in drinking water (author's transl)]. AB - Different species of Actinomycetes could be found in the raw-water depending on the origin of the water. The process of water-treatment influenced the total count and the various species in a different mode. Actinomycetes were also isolated from slime which has been formed by microbial growth on PVC coated walls in reservoirs. The typical earthy-musty odour was only found in the genera Streptomyces, were as some species of Nocardia are able to produce a phenolic odour. PMID- 7304014 TI - A survey of fungi and some indicator bacteria in chlorinated water of indoor public swimming pools. AB - Fifty-four water samples, of volume 500 ml, originating from six public indoor fresh water swimming pools were examined for the presence of fungi and some indicator bacteria by a membrane-filter method. Sabouraud-dextrose agar and selective Candida albicans-medium were used for isolation and identification of fungi. In all but one of the samples the free chlorine content was above 0.40 mg/l. No Candida albicans were detected. Molds and unidentified yeasts were isolated from 29 of the samples. The following species were recorded: Acremonium spp., ALternaria sp., Aspergillus spp., Candida guilliermondii, Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium spp., Clasterosporium sp., Fusarium spp., Geotrichium sp., Penicillium spp., Petriellidium boydii and Phoma spp. Their occurrence was sporadic, each species mostly appearing as single colonies only, with a maximum of 5 colonies. Bacterial growth was noticed in 15 samples, but only in the sample of low free chlorine content did this reach significant proportions. The study indicates that the standard of chlorination is, at least in general, an adequate measure against fungal contamination of swimming pool water. However, the spectrum of mold species encountered encourages a further search for possible indicator species among these organisms. PMID- 7304015 TI - [Microbiological studies of small hot-bath-pools and hot-whirl-pools (author's transl)]. AB - Hot small bathing pools and hot whirl-pools have the following characteristics: small watervolume, thick squeeze of swimmers, high water temperature (37-40 degrees C) and small dimension of filters. By this, the quality of bathing-water is influenced detrimentally. To elaborate the hygienic problems, bathing-water samples were taken before, during and after the visiting-hours and were tested for facultative-pathogenic microorganisms. During this investigation E. coli was isolated in 25 degrees, Coliforms and Proteus species in 37.3%, P. aeruginosa in 36%, S. aureus in 26.3%, Enterococci in 42.3 %, Candida albicans in 3.6% and yeast totally in 8.3%. PMID- 7304016 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative examination of bacteria found in aquatic habitats. 3. Communications: Recording the data for identification and analysing by numerical methods (author's transl)]. AB - A sheet for optical page mark was developed to transfer the large amount of identification criteria, necessary for quantitative and qualitative determination of bacterial populations, to the computer-assisted analysis. Empirical and numerical methods are used for the taxonomic evaluation. Different metrics are applied to the different groups of criteria. The clusters were formed by the single-linkage method. An example is given to explain how cluster analysis and formal descriptions are an useful aid for the classification of bacteria. PMID- 7304017 TI - [Progress in radio-isotope surgery for cervical carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The third phase in the use of radio-isotopes for radical surgery of cervical carcinoma, using 99m Technetium antimony sulphide to localise pelvic lymph nodes on the operating camera table has yielded results which indicate good progress. The potency of lymphadenectomy was increased from an original level of 52.5 per cent to 81.6 per cent. Recurrence mortality went down over the first three years after treatment, according to preliminary results. PMID- 7304018 TI - [Heterochromatin polymorphism of A1 chromosome in patients with ovarian carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Studies conducted by Atkin and Pickthall are likely to suggest more frequent occurrence in normal cells of enlargement of the heterochromatin region of the A1 chromosome in patients with ovarian carcinoma, and its is also claimed to be a predisposing factor, in the context of ovarian carcinoma. - The authors of the paper have tried to find out, if they could draw similar conclusions from their own patients and, therefore, applied cytogenetic tests of lymphocytes to 50 patients, including 25 who had undergone treatment for ovarian carcinoma and 25 control probands. - An assessment was made of 298 mitoses. C-bands were accurately measured and calculated in 84 mitoses of both groups. --The dimensions of A1 heterochromatin were variable in the authors' preparations, too. However, such variability in size in either group is considered still as normal variant of the well-known A1 polymorphism, and the authors were not convinced that pathognomonic relevance should be attributed to those findings. - Enlarged C-band of A chromosome was recordable only from one lymphocyte culture of one patient with ovarian carcinoma. C-banding, consequently, cannot be considered a suitable screening method for ovarian carcinoma, in the context of lymphocyte culturing. PMID- 7304019 TI - [Technique of transvaginal operation of Stein-Leventhal-syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Transvaginal surgery for Stein-Leventhal syndrome is introduced in this paper. The following advantages are claimed for the new approach, as compared to abdominal surgery: less time required for surgical intervention, no laparotomic scar, smaller peritoneal wound, less traumatisation. The surgeon in command of vaginal surgery will find the new approach more convenient than the abdominal route. PMID- 7304020 TI - [Position of caesarean section at gynaecological hospital of Berlin-Buch (author's transl)]. AB - Caesarean section was applied to 4.25 per cent of 14,302 deliveries, between 1969 and 1978. An account is given of complication and indications. The conclusion is drawn that further rise in the frequency of caesarean section should be a cause for concern. PMID- 7304021 TI - [Results following Strassmann's operation (author's transl)]. AB - Sixteen cases of metroplasty according to Strassmann are reported in this paper. Normal birth was given to 20 children by 13 of these women (81.2 per cent), following the intervention. The premature birth rate was extremely high (31.8 per cent). Vaginal delivery was aimed at. Caesarean section was necessary in 25 per cent of the cases under review. PMID- 7304022 TI - [Appendectomy in parallel with gynaecological laparotomy (author's transl)]. AB - An account is given in this paper of 102 cases of appendectomy in parellel with 193 gynaecological laparotomies (52.9 per cent), with reference being made to the small amount of associated complication, as borne out by literature data on larger groups of patients. Particular reference is made, in that context, to legal and clinical prerequisites and to counter-indictions. The authors' own pathohistological findings differed from figures around 90 per cent, as reported elsewhere, in that more or less conspicuous tissue peculiarities were recorded from only 37.5 per cent of all simultaneously removed appendices. That discrepancy in evaluation is discussed. With the relative increase in incidence and complication of senile appendicitis in mind, appendectomy in parallel with gynaecological laparotomy is recommended as a genuine prophylaxis, yet, with due consideration of all necessary conditions. PMID- 7304023 TI - [Effectiveness of programme for early detection of recurrence of cervical carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Various diagnostic methods, generally suitable for early diagnosis of carcinoma recurrence, were used in a systematic localised search programme on 799 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma. The practicability of a concept for early detection of recurrence was verified and established by shortening of latency from first manifestation to recurrence and by more frequent detection of recurrent processes even without symptoms. Reported are methods selected from the programme for their suitability for early recurrence detection. These were necessarily restricted to detection of localised recurrence, following radiological or combined treatment, whereas early detection of parametrial and pelvic wall recurrences seemed to be purposeful, too, when preceded exclusively by primary surgical therapy. Rates of survival, following at least one year of recurrence observation, were encouraging and the support of the view that early detection of recurrence might help to improve the chance of healing. PMID- 7304024 TI - [Stepped therapy for patients with cervical carcinoma - precancerous and early phases (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are 806 cases of carcinoma in situ and micro-invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix (Phases 0 and Ia). All patients had been attended to in the Gynaecological Department of the Medical Academy "Carl Gustav Carus", Dresden, between 1969 and 1978. - The histological diagnosis was based on conisation. Conisation or hysterectomy with vaginal cuff was used for therapy. Reference is made to recurrences. PMID- 7304026 TI - [Epidemiology of cervical carcinoma and screening activities in GDR (author's transl)]. AB - In the GDR, cervical carcinoma is considered as one of the most important malignant neoplasias for its high incidence and age distribution. It offers, however, optimum prerequisites for effective cytological mass screening for primary and secondary prevention. Reference is made to typical screening effects in an attempt to analyse activities for early diagnosis which are highly differentiated by regions within the GDR. Systematic expansion of capacities for cytological examination is essential to the control of cervical carcinoma. Medical attention can be further improved by wider use of specialised prebioptic diagnosis in connection with all suspicious and positive screening findings. PMID- 7304025 TI - [Accuracy and general relevance of preoperative lymphography in gynaecology (author's transl)]. AB - Lymphographic findings obtained from 304 patients were compared with results obtained from histological testing of extirpated lymph nodes, with the view to making an assessment of accuracy of presurgical lymphography. Agreement was recordable in 82.3 per cent of all cases, while 3.3 per cent of the findings were falsely negative and 4.9 per cent falsely positive. The relevance of preoperative lymphography to diagnosis and planning of therapy for various gynaecological carcinomas is discussed. PMID- 7304027 TI - [Role played by colposcopic specimen biopsy for elucidation of cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN) (author's transl)]. AB - An account is given in this paper of the importance of colposcopic specimen biopsy to the diagnosis of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Colposcopically controlled specimen biopsy was performed on 235 women who were either conisised or hysterectomised, eight weeks later. - The histological findings obtained from these biopsies were compared with the results recorded from definite histological examination, with complete agreement being established in 152 cases or 64.7 per cent. Biopsy results were more severe in 41 cases or 17.4 per cent. This was considered to be correct assessment, too. Hence, correct forecasts were made in 82.1 per cent of all cases under review. Cases were underestimated in 42 instances or 17.9 per cent. Specimen biopsy was in no case followed by complications. - The above results are reported in detail, compared with literature data, and discussed. PMID- 7304028 TI - [Preclinical study of the safety of vaccines. Determination of the toxicity of therapeutic vaccines in chronic experiments]. PMID- 7304029 TI - [Experience in the therapeutic use of bacteriophage preparations in suppurative surgical infections]. PMID- 7304030 TI - [Integral approach to the subject of epidemiology. I. Nature of the epidemic process]. PMID- 7304031 TI - [Comparative immunochemical and immunoallergic characteristics of staphylococci of different pathogenicity. II. Diagnostic value of extracts of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in delayed type allergic reactions]. AB - A total of 20 different allergens extracted from various staphylococcal strains were studied in the delayed hypersensitivity reactions in experiments on guinea pigs. The most intensive dermatoallergic reactions were observed after the injection of the cytoplasmic fraction, acidic and alkaline extracts; reactions to the allergen of Ando-Verzhikovsky were less pronounced. The cytoplasmic fraction and the allergen of ando-Verzhikovsky were more active in the reaction of leukocyte migration inhibition in the blood. Both common and individual allergenic components were detected. No correlation between the results of the immunochemical and allergological studies of staphylococcal extracts was revealed. PMID- 7304032 TI - [Antibacterial activity of disposable napkins and impregnating compositions used in their manufacture]. PMID- 7304033 TI - [Biochemical properties of staphylococci differing in virulence]. PMID- 7304035 TI - [Significance of epidemiologic, microbiological and immunologic indices for establishing the staphylococcal etiology of diseases]. AB - In this study the importance of epidemiological, microbiological and epidemiological characteristics for the determination of the staphylococcal etiology of the most widespread diseases was determined. Microbiological study was found to be of leading importance for the confirmation of the staphylococcal etiology of diseases with the closed focus of infection. In such diseases 80% of cases were found to be caused by staphylococcal infection. In diseases with the open focus of infection the etiological diagnosis was based on the data of epidemiological history, the results of bacteriological studies in their dynamics. Immunological studies were of auxiliary significance. Staphylococcal etiology was confirmed in 59-72.4% of cases. Staphylococci were found to cause 12.8% of cases of intestinal diseases in little children. The etiology of the diseases was confirmed by the data of epidemiological history, and the results of bacteriological and immunological studies. PMID- 7304034 TI - [Characteristics of the reactogenicity, safety, antigenic activity and preventive effectiveness of inactivated influenza chemical vaccine]. PMID- 7304036 TI - [Modes of transmission of hepatitis B virus. I. Possible sources of infection and modes of transmission of hepatitis B virus in hospitals]. PMID- 7304037 TI - Theoretical study on preference of metabolic fuels in heart muscle cells. PMID- 7304038 TI - A mathematical model for the analysis of the turnover of protein mixtures I. General mathematical formalism. AB - In tracer experiments which are mostly performed to determine the rate of protein turnover the treatment of protein degradation as a first-order reaction leads to a monoexponential function as a representation of the decrease of the initial labelling. In a protein mixture, however, the assumption of a single turnover constant is no more admissible. The analysis of curves by a sum of exponential functions is only a makeshift and is level less appropriate if protein degradation is only a partial process in a complex model. -- As in the cell (or, more generally, in a biological object) a multitude of proteins with very different turnover constants is present, continuous distributions of protein synthesis rates and turnover constants are proposed. The hypothesis is made that the distributions of the two quantities are independent of each other. A number of arguments lead to a gamma distribution for the turnover constants. On this basis a model for protein turnover consisting of a homogeneous pool (soluble amino acid) and an inhomogeneous one (proteins) is proposed and mathematically described by a system of integro-differential equations which is not analytically solvable in the general case. The distribution of the relative protein amount in dependence on the turnover constant as well as quantities characterizing the inhomogeneous protein pool are discussed. The analysis of a case of full dependence between synthesis and degradation rates shows the usefulness of the model also beyond its original range of validity. PMID- 7304039 TI - A mathematical model for the analysis of the turnover of protein mixtures. II. Modified power functions as special models. AB - In part 1 of this series a model for the protein turnover characterized by an inhomogeneous protein pool with a distribution of turnover constants was developed. This model is mathematically described, taking into account that the protein turnover is experimentally determined almost exclusively by tracer experiments, but a system of integro-differential equations. The analytical solution of this system of equations is elaborated for 3 special cases: tracer elimination from the protein pool after pulse labelling, tracer accumulation due to continuous labelling, and elimination after stopping this continuous incorporation of tracer. The applicability of the resulting modified power function is tested using an example for the literature (Garlic et al.: Biochem. J. 156, 657 (1976)) and computer generated data. On this background the existence of several classes of proteins computer generated data. On this background the existence of several classes of proteins with typical life times is discussed. Finally, the general applicability of power functions for tracer kinetic problems is treated from the point fo view of the results obtained in this paper. PMID- 7304040 TI - A mathematical model for the analysis of the turnover of protein mixtures. III. Practical problems in the investigation of heterogeneous protein pools. AB - In part 1 of this series [1] a model was presented fo the turnover of a protein pool consisting of proteins with different turnover constants which can be described mathematically by a set of integro-differential equations. As in the general case this system is not treatable analytically, a computer programme was developed to solve it numerically. The applicability of the programme and, more generally, of the model was tested using computer generated and real data. The analytical solutions of special cases (tracer elimination after pulse labeling and continuous labelling) which form modified power functions were given in part 2 [2]. on the basis of these functions problems of the design of experiments for a quantitative analysis of pool heterogeneities are discussed. In both cases a duration of the experiment of at least two or three times the reciprocal mean turnover constant turns out to be necessary; a combination of the two procedures is more appropriate. On the other hand, it is shown that after continuous labelling heterogeneity can largely be neglected. But with the experimental design f pulse labelling which is often used heterogeneity must always be taken into account even if it is not the direct object of the investigation since otherwise the calculated turnover constant is an error (too high by factor of about 2). PMID- 7304041 TI - 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from bovine-adrenal-cortex mitochondria. Purification and partial characterization. AB - The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from bovine adrenal-cortex mitochondria has been purified by polyethylene glycol fractionation, ultracentrifugation through a layer of sucrose, isoelectric precipitation and gel filtration of Sepharose 4 B. The specific activity of the preparation obtained wa 9.9 U/mtg of protein; the sedimentation coefficient, S20, w, was 30 S. The results of sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated decomposition of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex into 3 clear-cut protein fractions with mobilities corresponding to molecular weights of 51 000, 56 000 and about 110 000. Michaelis constants for the reactants of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex reactions were: 2-oxoglutarate = 200 micro M; CoA - 4,5 micro M; NAD - 25 micro M. PMID- 7304042 TI - [Effectors and products of enzymatic diiodotyrosine deiodination by a plasmatic fraction from pig liver]. AB - Effectors and products of enzymatic diiodotyrosine (DIT) deiodination by a cytosolic fraction of pig liver hab been investigated. 13% of the degraded 131I DIT was found as monoiodotyrosine by thin layer chromatography. The main quantity of the deiodinated DIT was found on the start point of the chromatogram bound to enzyme protein. Tyrosine as a reaction product of enzymatic deiodination of [14C] IT could not be identified exactly. The liver cytosolic deiodinase is activated by pyruvate; the extent of activation depends on th pyruvate concentration. Diiodohydroxyphenylpyruvate as a product of transamination and theoretically possible intermediate product could be excluded. NADPH 2 and sodium dithionite activated the deiodinase to 1/3, sodium dithionite together with FAD to 1/2 the amount of which was determined for the action of pyruvate. The enzymatic activity in the presence of pyruvate and NADPH2, respectively NADPH2/FAD is identical with the sum of the single activities. The effect of dithionite and sulfite on deiodinase activity depends on the concentration: low effector concentrations increase, while high concentrations decrease the enzyme activity. The liver plasma deiodinase was inactivate quantitatively by reaction with 10(-4) M PCMB; by reaction with 10(-4) M DTNB or NEM the inactivation was 40% only. The inactivation of deiodinase by PCMB was quantitative reversible by cysteine, while inactivation by DTNB was reversible by cysteine to maximal 70% only. Differences between cytosolic and microsomal deiodinases are discussed also in regard to the mechanism of DIT-deiodination by a liver cytosolic fraction with direct participation of SH-groups. PMID- 7304043 TI - [Properties of the premature extrasystolic action potentials in the rabbit atrial myocardium]. AB - Using a conventional microelectrode technique premature action potentials of left auricular trabeculae of the rabbit were studied. Varying the delay between a regular stimulus and the following premature stimulus the duration of the premature action potential (A. P.) is decreased during the relative refractory period and increased after this time at each level of the repolarization. Verapamil suppresses completely this augmentation of the A. P. duration. Turning to account the A. P. measurements an estimation of a potassium conductivity gK yields an enlargement of gK during the premature A. P. elevating the Ca+ concentration or prolonging the steady state pacing interval the increase of gK is more accentuated. Low Ca++ solutions and verapamil suppress the augmentation of gK during the premature A.P. lead to a membrane current responsible for the premature changes of the A. P. This current is inward directed at potentials more positive than --30 mV and outward directed at more negative potentials. By application of high-calcium solutions and in slow pacing both the inward and outward component are increased. The findings suggest an augmented Ca++ inward current during the premature action related to the postextrasystolic potentiation. PMID- 7304044 TI - [Behavioral reactions of the cat to increasing complication of information load]. AB - On the base of a right-left-discrimination test with acoustic signals and feeding affirmation with 6 cats the influence on their behavioral reactions was studied under increasing complication of information load caused by varying delays between the conditioned signal and the conditioned reaction or by decreasing the loudspeaker-to-loudspeaker distance. It is pointed out that an increase of information load above an optimum level causes increasing licking time, change of principles of central nervous integrative processes with occurrence of stereotypic reactions and suppression of feeding motivation. PMID- 7304045 TI - [Dependence of adaptation behavior of receptor neurons on current intensity]. AB - The slowly adapting stretch receptor neuron exhibits a marked spike adaptation. In the present paper the dependence of the adaptation time constants and other parameters from the stimulus intensity or the stationary discharge frequency was investigated. In general, the adaptation in response to an intracellular current step is sufficiently approximated by the sum of two exponential terms. A transformation of the parameters measured to a feed back subsystem, which describes the effect of the ionic pump, was performed, too. Proceeding from these data, a generalizing conclusion is that the time constants decrease nearly hyperbolically with increasing stationary impulse frequency. This results in a nearly constant product of carrier frequency and adequate time constant. With regard to the degree of adaptation a marked saturation characteristic appears. In qualitative terms, these effects have to be explained mainly by the properties of the ionic pump and its dependence on the concrete in concentrations. PMID- 7304046 TI - Incorporation of chemically modified proteins into liposomes. AB - Enzymes, not anchored into bilayers of membranes like trypsin, alpha chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase A are chemically modified by acylation with fatty acids chlorides. This treatment renders these proteins hydrophobic so that they can combine with the phospholipid membrane of liposomes. This report deals with the incorporation of modified enzymes into liposomes prepared by different methods. PMID- 7304047 TI - [Ontogenesis of the corneo-retinal potential in rabbits]. AB - The postnatal ontogenesis of the corneo-retinal potential in rabbits are unknown up to date. Therefore, in 32 young animals between the 1st and the 40th day of life and 6 adult rabbits this potential was measured during 10 degrees bulb deviation. The potential increases with age from 35 micro V in adults. The potential's development shows temporal conformity to postnatal ontogenesis of retina and ERG. PMID- 7304048 TI - [Costo-clavicular syndromes (thoracic outlet syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - During a 5-year period, 156 patients were followed with symptoms representative of costo-clavicular compression. Surgical treatment has been rejected in 80 patients. One hundred and five (20 bilateral) resections of the first rib were performed according to the technique as described by Roos. The surgical indication depends mainly on the severity of symptoms, clinical signs and the presence of complications (45 major complications). In 88% of the cases, a satisfactory result was obtained at the expense of a small incision, a hospital stay averaging 7 days and a few reversible complications of no significance. PMID- 7304049 TI - [Functional value of replanted fingers (author's transl)]. AB - The indications of the replantation of amputated digits are listed. The functional value of 38 replanted fingers is analysed according to the level of amputation and also to the mobility of the digital joints and to tactile sensitivity. Analysis of the residual function shows that the results are related to the level of amputation; the more distal the amputations the better the results. Limited motion of the thumb and the fingers in cases of multiple amputation is not a contraindication to replantation as all patients regained a useful pinch. Almost always protective sensation has been achieved. PMID- 7304050 TI - Splenic vein obstruction secondary to pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7304051 TI - [Lower limb amputees: treatment and prosthesis]. PMID- 7304052 TI - Knee-disarticulation. AB - The disarticulation of the knee joint is--in contrary to the above-knee level--a fast and tender method for amputation, resulting in a vigorous, complete weightbearing stump. Without problems the bulky stump is fitted in an exactly moulded plastic or resin socket--eventually combined with a soft socket--, which can be easily put on and off also by older patients suffering from general dysvascular disorders. Nowadays special joints are used for functionally as well as cosmetically satisfying knee-disarticulation-prostheses. The surgical technique with alternative incisions, the peculiarities in dysvascular patients, the postoperative care including immediate or early fitting, the management after wound-healing with a temporary exercise-prosthesis and finally the various possibilities of the definitive prosthetic fitting are stressed in detail. PMID- 7304053 TI - [Amputation on diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304054 TI - [Surgical treatment of constrictive pericarditis and life-threatening pericardic effusions (author's transl)]. AB - Total excision of both pericardic sac and epicardium is the basic surgical procedure for chronic constrictive pericarditis. Approach being through a vertical sternotomy. In case of either cardiac injury or poor haemodynamic of either cardiac injury or poor haemodynamic conditions, it is sometimes indicated to get help from an extracorporal circulation with femoro-femoral shunt. Surgery for acute pericarditis may vary according to local and general conditions. As soon as a pericardic effusion, whether or not infected, has occurred, drainage by means of an infraxiphoid incision seems to be a safe method. Where pericardic effusions relapse or densify to a constrictive pericarditis, pericardectomy is to be considered. Total pericardectomy is therefore regarded as the best procedure to prevent further disease. PMID- 7304055 TI - Total pericardectomy for chronic constrictive pericarditis. Early and late results. AB - The early and late results of total pericardiectomy, performed over a 17 years period in 39 patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis, are presented. The overall operative mortality was 18%. With growing surgical experience and anesthesiological improvement, the operative morality of 26% during the first 12 years decreased to an acceptable 6.2% during the last 5 years. The cumulative 5 and 10 years survival rates were respectively 73% and 68%. Ninety-three percent of the surviving patients were classified in functional class I or II (NYHA classification), while preoperatively 90% of these cases belonged to class III or IV. Viewing these results it is concluded that the tendency towards early surgery should be encouraged, especially because the chronic state is accompanied by several deleterious effects. PMID- 7304056 TI - [Retrospective study of radical pericardiectomy for chronic constrictive pericarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304057 TI - [Surgical therapy of uremic pericarditis (author's transl)]. AB - During a five year period (January 1975 - September 1980) 33 patients, in a population of 262 chronic hemodialysis patients, were treated for uremic pericarditis. They all underwent a pericardiostomy either through a lateral (15 cases) or through a subxiphoid approach (18 cases). Immediate clinical relief occurred in all but one patient who showed a progressive cardiac failure even after drainage. Operative mortality was absent and complications were minimal. There were two recurrences of pericardial effusion after an initial lateral approach through thoracotomy. A subsequent partial pericardectomy was successful in both cases. PMID- 7304058 TI - Uremic pericarditis. Treatment by limited pericardiectomy. AB - Between 1963 and 1979, limited pericardiectomy through left anterolateral thoracotomy was performed in 14 patients with uremic pericarditis. Two patients died after operation and one patient presented an early recurrence. Within a mean follow-up time of 3.3 years there were 7 late deaths but no recurrences or no cases of constrictive pericardidis. After reviewing the literature, it is concluded that the best early and late results in uremic pericarditis are obtained with pericardiectomy through an anterolateral thoractomy, the subxiphoid approach with creation of a pericardial window being a good alternative in critically ill patients. PMID- 7304059 TI - [On the diagnosis of bone tumours. Part 4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304060 TI - [Oscillographic assessment of forces during burdening of the leg by the body weight (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304061 TI - [Examination of the blood supply of the head of the femur in idiopathic necrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304062 TI - [Development of the conservative treatment of inborn dislocation of the hip joint from Pacci-Lorenz method to the present time at the orthopaedic clinic of the Postgraduate Medical Institute, Prague (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304063 TI - [Osteotomy of the pelvis in hip dysplasia. Review - part I]. PMID- 7304064 TI - [Dorsal stabilizers of the knee joint and their classification]. PMID- 7304065 TI - [Preliminary experience with treatment of osteomyelitis with gentamycin PMMA balls and chains (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304066 TI - [Incidence of osteopathies in long-term treatment with anti-convulsants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304067 TI - [Treatment of pertrochanteric fractures by Ender's osteosynthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304068 TI - [Traumatic dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joints (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304069 TI - Inhibition of linoleate oxidation by superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7304070 TI - [Effect of denervation on the ultrastructure of a fast muscle in the rat]. PMID- 7304071 TI - [Noninvasive evaluation of ventricular function during acute hypoxemia]. PMID- 7304072 TI - [Knowledge of sexology in a group of university students]. PMID- 7304073 TI - Labile and stable glycosylated hemoglobin during OGTT in healthy subjects and maturity-onset diabetics. AB - HbA1 levels were determined by a rapid chromatographic column test in 15 healthy subjects (HS) and in 15 maturity-onset diabetics (MOD), fasting and 2 h after glucose ingestion (100 g for HS, 50 g for MOD). Chromatography was carried out both before and after 6 h of red cell incubation in saline at 37 degrees C. HbA1 in HS at 0 and 120 min of OGTT was not significantly different, either before (6.24 +/- 0.61% and 6.22 +/- 0.62%) or after red cell incubation in saline (5.85 +/- 0.61% and 5.87 +/- 0.55%). Red cell incubation in saline significantly reduced HbA1 levels both at 0 and 120 min (2p less than 0.001). HbA1 in MOD before red cell incubation in saline, was slightly but significantly higher at 120 min (8.61 +/- 1.03%) than at 0 min (8.39 +/- 1.01%): 2p less than 0.001. After incubation in saline, this difference was cancelled (7.86 +/- 0.85% at 0 min and 7.97 +/- 0.83% at 120 min: n.s.). Post-incubation levels were lower than pre-incubation ones both at 0 and 120 min (2p less than 0.001). The HbA1 increment observed in MOD is significantly correlated (p less than 0.01; r=0.64) to the blood glucose increment observed at the glycemic peak. We conclude that hemoglobin glycosylation may show rapid changes also in MOD, reflecting blood glucose changes, whereas in HS the physiological glycemic excursions are not wide enough to produce rapid HbA1 changes. Since labile and stable HbA1 co-elute in the rapid chromatographic methods, red cell incubation in saline for 6 h at 37 degrees C is recommended as a simple procedure which allows the measurement of the stable fraction alone, i.e. the real index of long-term glycemic control, independent of rapid glycemic fluctuations. PMID- 7304074 TI - Plasma acidic glycohydrolases in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - We assayed plasma activities of beta-galactosidase, beta-hexosaminidase, alpha fucosidase and alpha-galactosidase involved in degradation of the glycoprotein molecule in 110 insulin-dependent diabetics aged 3-1/2 to 19 years and compared them to a group of normal youngsters. We correlated the plasma enzyme activities with the duration, control and sequelae of insulin-dependent diabetes. Insulin dependent diabetics had a significantly higher plasma activity of beta hexosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase (p less than 0.01) and a significantly lower plasma activity of alpha-fucosidase and alpha-galactosidase (p less than 0.01). Of the 5 enzymes studied, only plasma beta-hexosaminidase correlated with fasting and postprandial blood sugar (p less than 0.01), cholesterol and triglycerides (p less than 0.05). Additionally, poor control of diabetes was also associated with a significantly higher plasma beta-hexosaminidase activity (p less than 0.01). Proteinuria or an abnormal Addis count suggestive of renal involvement was associated with various changes in plasma acidic hydrolases. These changes may be related to insulin deficiency rather than hyperglycemia and may be genetically determined. PMID- 7304075 TI - Hypoglycemia associated with a leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel. AB - A patient with recurrent hypoglycemic episodes associated with a leiomyosarcoma of the small bowel is described. Fasting plasma insulin levels were consistently low and a subnormal insulin response to provocative stimuli (oral glucose and i.v. glucagon) was shown. After removal of the tumor, hypoglycemic episodes disappeared, fasting plasma insulin concentrations rose to normal values and insulin response to both OGTT and glucagon test was markedly enhanced. The possible mechanisms responsible for the hypoglycemia and the causes of subnormal insulin response to provocative stimuli are discussed. PMID- 7304076 TI - Diabetes mellitus for 58 years without development of retinopathy. PMID- 7304077 TI - Radioimmunoassay of canine growth hormone. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for canine growth hormone (GH) was developed. Antibodies were elicited in rhesus monkeys. One antiserum exhibited a working titer at a dilution of 1: 500 000. Radioiodination was performed enzymatically employing lactoperoxidase. Logit-log transformation and least squares fitting resulted in straight line fitting of the standard curve between 0.39 and 50 ng/ml. Formation of large-molecular [125I]GH during storage caused diminished assay sensitivity. Therefore [125I]GH was re-purified by gel chromatography. Using this procedure, high and reproducible assay sensitivity was obtained. Tracer preparations were used for as long as 3 months after iodination. Diluted plasma from normal and acromegalic dogs resulted in a dose-response curve parallel to the standard curve. Canine prolactin exhibited a cross-reactivity of 2%. The within-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.8 and the between-assay CV was 7.2%. Mean plasma GH concentration in normal dogs was 1.92 +/- 0.14 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). GH levels in acromegalic dogs were appreciably higher. Insulin induced hypoglycaemia, arginine and ornithine administration resulted in inconsistent and sluggish GH increment. A better response was obtained by injecting a low dose of clonidine. Clonidine administration to hypopituitary dogs resulted in absent or poor GH increment. PMID- 7304078 TI - On the role of dopamine receptors in the central regulation of human TSH. AB - The effects of acute administration of haloperidol (4 mg im) and pimozide (4 mg orally) on TSH and Prl secretion were studied in normal and hypothyroid man. The TRH-induced TSH secretion before and after pre-medication with pimozide and domperidone, a peripheral dopamine (DA) blocker, was also evaluated in a group of normal subjects. Haloperidol and pimozide induced a marked increment in serum Prl; mean Prl levels were still significantly elevated 12 h following pimozide administration. A small but significant TSH increase was observed following haloperidol and pimozide in normal as well as hypothyroid subjects. Both domperidone and pimozide significantly enhanced TRH-induced TSH release. In another experiment 3 women with primary thyroid failure received an infusion of DA (4 micrograms/kg/min for 4 h) with and without domperidone administration. TSH and Prl levels were suppressed by DA, but the effect was completely abolished by domperidone. The results suggest that psychotrophic drugs, such as haloperidol and pimozide, can, like substituted benzamides, stimulate TSH release in man. Since domperidone and DA do not cross the blood-brain-barrier and domperidone significantly enhanced the TSH response to TRH, the data also support the hypothesis that human TSH is regulated by DA at the hypothalamus (median eminence) and/or pituitary level. PMID- 7304079 TI - Propranolol and the hypercalcaemia of thyrotoxicosis. AB - The effect of propranolol on serum calcium was studied in 25 patients with thyrotoxicosis including 5 with hypercalcemia. In patients with hypercalcaemia iv propranolol significantly reduced serum calcium. Oral therapy 160 mg/day reduced calcium non-significantly from 2.72 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- SD) to 2.59 +/- 0.13 mmol/l, however on 320 mg/day the reduction (to 2.5 +/- 0.15 mmol/l) was significant. In normocalcaemic patients oral propranolol did not influence serum calcium. Both in hyper- and normocalcemic thyrotoxic patients propranolol increased (P less than 0.01) serum phosphate. PMID- 7304080 TI - Some unexpected effects of thyrotrophin on the metabolism of thyroid cells isolated from non-toxic goitre. AB - In cultured cells of normal dog thyroid thyrotrophin (TSH) has been shown to have a mitogenic effect. The present study suggests an opposite action in cells from human non-toxic goitre. After incubation of these cells with [3H]thymidine, a decreased incorporation into DNA is observed in the presence of TSH. Whereas in dog thyroid cells the hormone enhances the incorporation of [3H]leucine and [14C]glucosamine into macromolecules, TSH inhibits the incorporation by human non toxic goitre cells. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the proteins present in the cell layer or released in the culture medium shows that the inhibition affects all the newly synthesized peptides, including the radioactive material co-migrating with the major band (330 000 daltons) observed with human purified thyroglobulin. While several hydrolase activities are not influenced by TSH in dog thyroid cells, the hormone markedly decreases the activities of some hydrolases of thyroid cells from human non-toxic goitre. Our results therefore suggest that, in cultured thyroid cells from human non-toxic goitre, TSH induces a resting state of the cells, characterized by reduced growth, reduced protein synthesis and reduced thyroglobulin hydrolysis. PMID- 7304081 TI - Adrenal insufficiency from metastatic colonic carcinoma masquerading as isolated aldosterone deficiency. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of adrenal insufficiency secondary to metastatic colonic carcinoma is reported. Because the patient was taking prednisone for an unrelated condition, his initial presentation mimicked isolated aldosterone deficiency with an elevated serum potassium of 8.7 mmol/l. Cortisol deficiency was documented by ACTH testing. The diagnosis of metastatic disease causing adrenal insufficiency was suspected after a computed body scan of the abdomen revealed marked bilateral adrenal enlargement. Adrenal insufficiency secondary to metastatic cancer is reviewed. PMID- 7304082 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of ovarian follicles, ovarian and uterine size during induction of ovulation with human gonadotrophins. AB - Twelve anovulatory women were examined by compound B-mode and real-time ultrasound scanning during incubation of follicular maturation and ovulation by human gonadotrophins. The treatment was monitored by daily serum oestrogen determinations. Ovarian follicles became visible on the ultrasound scans after 4 days of treatment, on average. The mean follicular diameter at that time was 8 mm. Multiple follicles developed in all but one of the 12 patients. At induction of ovulation the diameter of the dominant follicle varied between 15 and 22 mm. The serum oestrogen level was related to the number of follicles, the diameter of the greatest follicle and the ovarian size. There was a marked increase in the ovarian size during the treatment. The size of the uterus also increased. Ultrasound may be a valuable complement to daily oestrogen determinations for monitoring human gonadotrophin therapy. PMID- 7304083 TI - Distribution of oestrogen-induced peroxidase in the rat uterus. AB - The activity of oestrogen-induced peroxidase in sections along the uterus of normal and mammary tumour-bearing adult rats was measured. Oestradiol increased the activity of this enzyme in the cervix as well as in other parts of the uterus in ovariectomized or immature rats. Peroxidase activity per mg protein was twice as high in the cervix as in the rest of the uterus where it was evenly distributed along both horns. The concentrations of oestrogen receptors in the cytosol and nucleus in each uterine horn and in the cervix was also determined and found to be lower in the cervix than in other sections of the uterus. PMID- 7304084 TI - Effects of 17 beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methylandrost-5-en-3-one on early pregnancy in the rat. AB - A single sc injection of 1 mg 17-beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methylandrost-5-en-3-one (RMI-12,936) given a few hours after mating interrupted pregnancy in all the treated rats. Circulating progesterone (delta 4P) levels were higher in RMI 12,936 treated females than in controls on the corresponding days during the course of termination of pregnancy. Higher levels of delta 4P were recorded on day-4 (P less than 0.01) and day-6 (P less than 0.05) of pregnancy. In addition to the changes in serum delta 4P, an acceleration of egg transport was encountered. The eggs were prematurely expelled from the uterus within 48 h of the treatment. Although the oestrous cycle of the RMI-12,935 treated females was disturbed, they were found sexually receptive. Successful matings resulting in normal gestation and morphologically normal foetuses were recorded 20-26 days after RMI-12,936 induced pregnancy termination. These results suggest that in addition to its mid-pregnancy terminating effect, RMI-12,936 is capable of interrupting early pregnancy when given soon after mating in the rat. The safety and efficacy of this compound as a post-coital contraceptive deserves further investigation. PMID- 7304085 TI - Hormonal pattern in prostatic cancer. I. Correlation with local extent of tumour, presence of metastases and grade of differentiation. AB - In 32 subjects with histologically and/or cytologically verified prostatic cancer the hormonal pattern was studied by assaying 18 plasma and urinary hormones or groups of hormones. The tumours were classified according to the UICC classification system and the hormone values were correlated to the local extent of the tumour (T classification), the presence of metastases (M classification) and the differentiation of grade (G classification). It was found that patients with metastases had significantly higher plasma oestradiol and lower testosterone/oestradiol and testosterone/oestrone plus oestradiol ratios as compared to those subjects without metastases. In subjects with moderately or poorly differentiated tumours plasma oestrone + oestradiol was significantly higher and the testosterone/oestrone + oestradiol ratio was significantly lower than in the subjects with well differentiated tumours. In the various TNM classification groups no obvious trends were found with regard to urinary hormones and no significant differences between the groups for plasma FSH, LH, prolactin, progesterone and cortisol were observed. It is concluded that in more advanced cases with metastatic cancer and when tumours are less well differentiated the androgen/oestrogen ratio may be decreased. These alterations have no diagnostic significance because of greater overlapping of individual results between the various groups of patients. PMID- 7304086 TI - Hormonal pattern in prostatic cancer. II. Correlation with primary response to endocrine treatment. AB - In 32 subjects with histologically and/or cytologically verified prostatic cancer the hormonal pattern was studied by assaying 18 plasma and urinary hormones or groups of hormones and relating the values to the response to endocrine treatment. Total orchidectomy (orchiepididymectomy) was performed on 9 patients, subcapsular orchidectomy on 13 patients and oestrogen therapy with Estradurin was given in 4 patients. Six patients had total orchidectomy followed by estrogen therapy. With few exceptions all values were within the normal range. The only significant exceptions were the high urinary oestrogen values and the low urinary oestrone + oestradiol/oestriol ratio observed as compared to healthy males working in a factory. No urinary hormone values or ratios of hormone values could be used for the prediction of prognosis in prostatic carcinoma patients. However, the ratios of plasma testosterone/oestradiol (T/Oe2) and testosterone/prolactin (T/Prl) were found to give good information with regard to the response to endocrine treatment. High values for one or both of these ratios meant a good response to treatment in all subjects without exception in this material. Subjects with both ratios low had a good response to endocrine treatment in 50% of the cases. No other plasma hormones measured were of any help prognostically. It is concluded that by measuring the T/Oe2 and T/Prl ratios it seems possible to select a group of patients with favourable primary response to endocrine treatment. PMID- 7304087 TI - [Prolymphocytic leukemia - case report]. PMID- 7304088 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency in shock complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (summary of the thesis)]. PMID- 7304089 TI - [Effect of anticoagulants on lymphocyte isolation by density gradient centrifugation]. AB - The authors compared the efficiency of isolation and the purity of lymphocytes obtained by the method of centrifugation in a gradient of ficoll and uropoline from blood obtained on ACD fluid and on heparin. Isolation of lymphocytes from the blood obtained on heparin was more efficient (60%) and useful. For removal of platelets it was necessary to use additional centrifugation in a saccharose gradient or application of aggregating agents during isolation of lymphocytes obtained on heparin or ACD fluid. PMID- 7304091 TI - [Computer-assisted diagnosis of congenital heart disease from the ordinary electrocardiogram: an application of multivariate statistical analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304090 TI - [Effect of platelet concentrate transfusions on the thrombopoietic activity in rats]. AB - Rats were given selected doses of rabbit antiplatelet serum (APS) inducing after 6 hours thrombocytopenia at the level of 14% of the initial platelet count followed by a gradual rise in this count (after 12, 24 and 48 hours). Eight hours after APS administration the rats were given transfusion of a concentrate containing 1-2 X 10(9) fresh allogenic platelets (group A) or the same number of previously frozen platelets (group B). Rats receiving no concentrate after APS administration (group C) and rats receiving neither APS nor concentrate (group D) served as controls. Using a bioassay on mice the serum thrombocytopoietic activity (ATS) was determined in the rats and the platelet count was measured by the direct method. These determinations were done before and 24 and 48 hours after the experiment. It was shown that after 24 hours the values of the platelets (p less than 0.1) and ATS (p less than 0.001) were lower in group B than in the remaining groups. This suggests an inhibitory effect of the frozen concentrate on the ATS. After 24 hours the platelet count was highest in group A, and after 48 hours in group C, which suggests that transfusion of fresh concentrate has an immediate effect but in a later phase it inhibits spontaneous mechanisms effacing the thrombocytopenic effect. PMID- 7304092 TI - [Observations on the psychological aspects of hemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304093 TI - [On the behaviour of diazepam in blood under ethanol influence by the radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304094 TI - [On the sex determination of human teeth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304095 TI - [Studies on the behavioral approaches in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304096 TI - [Studies on the behavioral approaches in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304097 TI - [Observations on the natural history of idiopathic cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304098 TI - [The growth of SFD baby (small for dates). Saga National Hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304099 TI - [One of aberrant organisms isolated from swine kidney culture cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304100 TI - [Study of enhancement of LCAT activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304101 TI - [Fundamental study on factors of perinatal mortality-particularly fetal death (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304102 TI - [Microangiographic study on cancer of the large intestine - especially, the basic type of the vascular structure and the vascular change with growth of cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304103 TI - [Investigation on the mechanism of peptic ulcer development in liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304104 TI - [Effect of anti-leukopenic drugs on the recovery of immunocompetent cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304105 TI - Vasomotions of the pulmonary blood vessels in the asphyxiations. PMID- 7304106 TI - [Study on hog cholera-sine erysipelas combined liver vaccine. I. Experimental preparation of combined live vaccine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304107 TI - [Pharmacological studies on alprazolam, and its main metabolites, alpha-OH alprazolam and HB compound (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304108 TI - [Study on hog cholera swine erysipelas combined live vaccine. -II. Indoor test of vaccination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304109 TI - Intravenous regional conduction anesthesia: a technique and literature review Part II. PMID- 7304110 TI - A case report: maxillary deformity with intra-oral teratoma-anesthetic considerations. PMID- 7304111 TI - Placement of a LeVeen shunt for ascites: anesthetic considerations. PMID- 7304112 TI - Serotonin and anesthesia. PMID- 7304113 TI - AANA Journal course: preoperative evaluation and physical assessment of the patient. Part 4--the renal system. PMID- 7304114 TI - Legal briefs: statuatory rights governing employment relationships in the health care field. PMID- 7304115 TI - Oriental Mesostigmata (Acari) 6. A malesian member of the Mesopicos group (Haemolaelaps). PMID- 7304116 TI - Lack of effect of immunity to crab chitin on tick infestations of rats and rabbits. PMID- 7304117 TI - Demodex leucogasteri n. sp. from Onychomys leucogaster - with notes on its biology and host pathogenesis. PMID- 7304118 TI - Total intravenous anesthesia with etomidate for microlaryngoscopy. Applicability and shortcomings. PMID- 7304119 TI - Etomidate infusion for laryngoscopy. AB - Reporting our experience with etomidate infusion in 37 cases of endoscopic examinations of the larynx, we recommend a method of general anesthesia ensuring easy examination conditions and rapid recovery. After premedication with atropine, IV Thalamonal is administered till obtention of somnolence. A dose of 0.25 mg/kg of etomidate is used for induction and an infusion at a rate of 25 mcg/kg/min for maintenance of anesthesia. Succinylcholine is used for intubation and whenever complementary muscular relaxation is required. Ventilation is ensured by the jet mixing technique with a manual injector. Fentanyl is given when reactions of tachycardia or arterial hypertension due to nociceptive stimuli are observed. The method described is safe, provides good conditions of anesthesia with complete amnesia and rapid recovery. PMID- 7304120 TI - Epidural anesthesia for orthopedic surgery. Survey of 730 cases. Sedation and supplementation. PMID- 7304121 TI - An episode of hypotension associated with tachycardia during anesthesia which resisted vasoconstrictor treatment. Case report. PMID- 7304122 TI - Measurement of vital capacity and maximum inspiratory pressure as objective criteria for extubation after cardiac surgery. PMID- 7304123 TI - The influence of different anesthetic techniques on blood loss in prostatectomy patients (Hryntschak's operation). PMID- 7304124 TI - [CAT scan in the diagnosis of unilateral subdural hematoma of uniform density in the acute phase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304125 TI - [Grumose alteration of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in two cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to illustrate an interesting lesion of the cerebellar dendate nucleus: the grumose alteration which is demonstrated by silver impregnation techniques in two cases of progressive supranuclear palsy. The grumose alteration is nearly exclusively found in the parvocellular part of the dentate nucleus; it is characterized by a clustering of granules and ring shaped bodies against neuronal perikarya and dentrites; it corresponds very likely to reactive presynaptic endings of Purkinje cells' axons. Similar lesions can be discovered in various neurodegenerative disorders. The morphologic features of the grumose alteration are reviewed. PMID- 7304126 TI - [Capsulo-thalamic hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report clinical and scanographic findings in 26 cases of capsulo thalamic hemorrhage. They stress the frequency of arterial hypertension as a pre disposing factor. The clinical picture is represented by the association of disorders of consciousness (usually obnubilation), contralateral flaccid hemiplegia with hemianesthesia, oculomotor disorders (disturbance of vertical gaze, miosis) and disorders of linguistic and motor behaviour. The paraclinical examination of choice is scanography which enables the site, volume and extent of the hemorrhage to be estimated, together with the mass effect and intraventricular rupture. Clinical and scanographic follow-up indicates a favourable prognosis for capsulo-thalamic hemorrhage (77% survival). Follow-up findings point to several unfavourable prognostic factors: immediate coma, persistent and massive flaccid hemiplegia, hemorrhage size exceeding 3 cm, and severe intraventricular rupture. In the light of the data in the literature, the authors discuss the clinical and scanographic signs of capsulo-thalamic hemorrhage. PMID- 7304127 TI - [Studies on steroidogenesis of isolated granulosa cells and thecal tissue in tissue culture--with special reference to polycystic ovary syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine the steroidogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), through the comparison of steroidogenic potential between polycystic and normal ovarian cells harvested from follicles under 6 mm in diameter in vitro. 1) The granulosa cells were cultured by monolayer culture method, while the thecal tissue by explant culture method, at 37 degrees C using 5% CO2 in air for 18 days. 2) The cultured granulosa cells and thecal tissue grew successfully under 20% fetal calf serum with 80% medium 199. 3) The major product secreted by the cultured granulosa cells was progesterone, and the difference of steroidogenic potential between normal ovary and PCO was not significant. 4) The major products of isolated thecal tissue were delta 4-androstenedione and testosterone. Particularly, the cultured thecal tissue from PCO accumulated more androgens, in comparison with that from normal ovary. 5) The secretion of estradiol by the cultured granulosa cells was low in the absence of estrogen substrate and FSH. There was not appreciable difference in the capacity of granulosa cells from normal ovary and PCO to secrete estradiol. These results suggest that steroidogenic potential of isolated granulosa cells from PCO is comparable to that from normal ovary, whereas thecal tissue from PCO has more androgenic capacity than that from normal ovary. PMID- 7304128 TI - [Central venous catheterization using ECG monitoring and its obstetrical application (author's transl)]. AB - We tried the central venous catheterization using the ECG monitoring lead by the catheter tip without the X-ray examination. The catheter consists of 5F sized, 70 cm, thin-walled polyethylene tube. The apex of the catheter is 60 degrees curved with heating and the exchangeable metal adaptor is attached in the proximal end. The catheter was introduced percutaneously into the cubital vein and filled with saline. The ECG lead from the catheter tip was recorded through the metal adaptor by the battery electrocardiograph. The introduction into the right atrium of the catheter was easily judged in almost all cases by the intraatrial ECG, namely, deep negative or biphasic P wave. We have tried this method in 72 cases and the success rate of insertion into the right atrium was as high as 87.5%. The right atrial pressure of the obstetrical group (19 term pregnant women) was significantly lower than that of the gynecological group (22 preoperative patients) (P less than 0.01). The pH of the right atrial blood in the obstetrical group was significantly higher than that in the gynecological group (P less than 0.01). PCO2, PO2, HCO3-, and the oxygen saturation of the obstetrical group were significantly lower than those of the gynecological group (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7304129 TI - [Histochemical studies on alkaline phosphatase in normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma--with a special reference to heat stability and L phenylalanine inhibition tests (author's transl)]. AB - We report a histochemical study of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in normal cells of uterine endometrium and endometrial cancer to ascertain the incidence of ALP and the isoenzyme type. For this purpose, cytological specimens and tissue serial sections were subjected to heat-stability and L-phenylalanine (L-p) inhibition test. The Regan-like isoenzyme, a heat-stable and L-p sensitive ALP, which had been thought to derive only from cancer or the placenta, was found in very limited endometrial luminal surface lining cells. Meanwhile ALP activity in endometrial glandular cells was heat and L-p sensitive. Of 42 cases of endometrial cancer, all cases manifested non-specific ALP activity, and 19 cases (45%) manifested heat stability of slight to high degree. 7 endometrial cancers exhibited the Regan-like isoenzyme with marked heat and L-p sensitivity. These findings indicate that in the course of uterine endometrial carcinogenesis, the ALP isoenzyme of endometrial glandular cells undergo a change and that "enzyme deviation" occurs. PMID- 7304130 TI - [Iron, folate and vitamin B12 in maternal blood and breast milk (author's transl)]. AB - Maternal blood and milk iron (Fe), folate (FA), vitamin B12 (B12) and serum ferritin (Fr) were determined in four groups of lactating mothers: normal, toxemic, anemic and treated anemic during pregnancy. 1. An increasing blood Fe, Fr and a decreasing milk Fe with time in postpartum were found in each group. A high level of blood Fe, Fr was observed in the treated group. Milk Fe, however, had showed no significant difference in either group. There was no correlation between the blood and milk Fe. 2. There was no demonstrable change of blood FA, but milk FA had significantly increased in each group. Blood FA showed a low level in the toxemic group and a high level in the treated group, but no significant difference of milk FA could be found in either group. No matter how widely the level of blood FA spread, there was a little change in milk FA. 3. An increasing blood B12 and a decreasing milk B12 were found in each group. There was a tendency towards a high level of blood B12 in the treated group, but the level of milk B12 differed widely from one material to the other. There was no correlation between the blood and milk B12. PMID- 7304131 TI - The suppressive effect of human chorionic gonadotropin of various preparations on lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro. AB - The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) of different purities from various source (eg. normal pregnancy urine, normal chorionic tissue, hydatidiform mole and vesicular fluid of hydatidiform mole) on the transformation of peripheral human lymphocytes was studied. All kinds of crude preparations of hCG suppressed lymphocyte transformation in a dose-dependent manner, in the phytohemagglutinin-induced stimulation. In addition, purified products of hCG have been shown a more inhibitory capacity in vitro. The inhibitory activity, however, was found not to be correlated with the gonadotropic activity of the various preparations, whereas this experiment, implicating which was compared to the content of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) of different preparations. PMID- 7304132 TI - Chemotherapy of malignant ovarian tumors; therapeutic results of ifosfamide. AB - Here are reported the therapeutic results of ifosfamide on primary ovarian malignancies in 30 cases which were treated at Kurume University Hospital from September 1978 to December 1980. These cases were advanced or recurrent ones, and histologically, they consisted of serous cystadenocarcinoma in 22 cases, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in 2, unclassified adenocarcinoma in 1, and malignant teratoma in 5. In the ifosfamide therapy, 2 grams or 40 mg/kg per day were given intravenously for 5 consecutive days, and as observing the blood state and the general condition, it was repeated every 3 weeks. The drug was given from 1 to 7 courses, and the average was 3.3 courses. The effect was evaluated by Koyama Saito's criteria and Karnofsky's criteria; the response rate was 48% in the adenocarcinoma group and 20% in the malignant teratoma by the former criteria, while the rate was 64% and 20%, respectively, by the latter one. As main side effects, there were seen hemorrhagic cystitis, nausea and vomiting, and the myelotoxicity was low. PMID- 7304133 TI - Assessment of dystocia pelvis by ultrasound pelvimetry. AB - Following successful preceding studies, a quantitative analysis of the female pelvic cavity was made using contact compound scanning procedures. The subjects were seventy-seven, 3 day postpartum women and ultrasonic tomograms were obtained concerning the five pelvic transections in each individual. For the quantitative analysis, variables of binary digits were used. Such were based on the standard of "normopelvis" in the polar coordinate system plus the external criteria, normal progress of labor, protraction and arrest disorders. Characteristics of the dystocia pelvis included an abnormal side wall of the small pelvis as well as an increased resistance of the muscles of the pelvic floor. The efficiency of the discrimination was greatest when those variables were adopted from each transection (78.3%). Arrest disorders could be clearly distinguished from the normal cases, however, cases of protraction disorder presented more difficulty as the distribution was wide between normal and the arrest disorder. Here, the pelvic floor muscles contribute significantly. The newly developed numerical system should make feasible an early prediction of dystocia, assist in screening processes and pave the way for accurate assessments of the interaction of anatomical factors related to the mechanics and processes of labor. PMID- 7304134 TI - Malignant degeneration of benign cystic teratomas of the ovary. AB - In 10 years from January 1971 to January 1981, 145 cases with cystic teratoma were treated at Kurume University Hospital, and malignant degeneration was seen in 7 of them (4.8%). Their age distribution was from 43 to 78 years, and the mean age was 59 years; the distribution shifted to the older side. The malignant degeneration was squamous cell carcinoma in all of the cases, and in 1 case carcinoma in situ leads to invasive carcinoma was observed continuously to a normal epithelium; it was interesting histogenetically. In their prognoses 3 out of 7 cases died (1 case dying from decrepitude) but the rest 4 have been surviving for 4 to 10 years. PMID- 7304135 TI - [Effects of dilatation and curettage on the clinical course and clinical picture of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 7304136 TI - [Relationship between intrauterine pressure and maternal hemodynamics (author's transl)]. AB - Placental and renal cortical blood flow were measured by thermocouple method in 70 cases of late pregnant rabbits, 17 late pregnant dogs and 2 late pregnant monkeys. Intrauterine resting tonus in 148 primigravid and 74 multigravid women tended to increase towards the onset of labor, with maternal mean blood pressure elevating in close relation to the intrauterine pressure. Especially in primigravid women there was a strong tendency and intrauterine resting tonus was higher value in primigravidas than that in multigravidas. The increasing of intrauterine pressure by uterine contraction caused an elevation of maternal blood pressure by about 10% in pregnant women, and caused a decrease of placental blood flow by about 30% respectively, but it did not show any definite pattern in renal cortical blood flow in experimental animals. On the other hand, the increasing of intrauterine resting tonus with intraamniotic saline injection in 47 cases of experimental animals brought about a decrease of placental blood flow by about 30%, at the same time caused a decrease of renal cortical blood flow by about 20% and an elevation of maternal blood pressure by about 10% respectively. These findings support the concept that increasing of uterine resting tonus could play a role in mediating late pregnancy induced hypertension. PMID- 7304137 TI - [Studies on estradiol occupied and unoccupied receptors in human endometrial cytosol and nucleus: steroid receptors throughout the menstrual cycle and in cases of oral contraceptives administration (author's transl)]. AB - Occupied and unoccupied estradiol (E3) receptors were investigated by exchange assay in cytosol and nuclear extract of human endometrium. Cytosol E2 and progesterone (P) unoccupied receptors and nuclear occupied E2 receptor were measured throughout the menstrual cycle and in the tissues from patients administered oral contraceptives. Sedimentation profiles of these receptors were also studied; and following results were obtained: 1) No occupied E2 receptor was observed in cytosol and almost all of those were of unoccupied type. In nuclear extract, only 0-25% of receptor was of unoccupied type and the other receptor was of occupied type. 2) Highest binding activities of cytosol E2 and P receptors were found in late proliferative phase. Maximum binding sites (Bm) were 630 and 380 f mol/mg protein and dissociation constant (Kd) was 8.9 +/- 0.7 and 4.7 +/- 0.4 x 10(-10) M, respectively. In nuclear extract, binding peaks were observed in late proliferative and late secretory phase. Bm was 1.5 f mole/microgram DNA and Kd was 12.7 +/- 1.0 x 10(-10) M. PMID- 7304138 TI - [Ultrasound irradiation effects on pre-implantation embryos (author's transl)]. AB - To elucidate ultrasound irradiation effect on pre-implantation embryos, its mechanism and safety levels of ultrasound intensity, I had performed ultrasound irradiation and thermal experiments on pre-implantation embryos. The pre implantation embryos, whose stages were late morula on early blastocyst, were located in the centre of ultrasound beam certainly by using closed microdroplet culture. Experiments were done under various conditions of ultrasound intensity, irradiation time and temperature of circumference. The statistically significant increase of morphological abnormality was observed when 3.0 W/cm2 continuous wave for 60 minutes of 0.65, 1.0 or 1.8 W/cm2 continuous wave for 720 minutes was irradiated. The statistically significant developmental retardation was observed when 2.0 or 3.0 W/cm2 continuous wave for 60 minutes or 0.65, 1.0 or 1.8 W/cm2 continuous wave for 720 minutes was irradiated. Pulsed ultrasound irradiated groups showed neither increase of morphological abnormality nor developmental retardation significantly. The reading of thermistor sonde located in the centre of beam was raised during irradiation. No significant change were observed between warming and irradiated groups, temperature of which were similarly raised. Similar results were seen when 3.0 W/cm2 continuous wave for 60 minutes were irradiated during cool circumference, in which temperature of the centre of ultrasound beam didn't raise more than 37 degrees C. These results suggest that thermal effect of ultrasound is most effective during various effects including cavitation in this study. PMID- 7304139 TI - [A study on oxytocin challenge test of the fetus with quantitative tocodynamometry determined by contraction index (author's transl)]. AB - External tocodynamometric transducer loaded by 800 g weight on its back was placed on the abdomen of pregnant estimated by contraction woman and uterine contraction during NST and OCT was index which was defined by 10 minutes' total of amplitude (g/cm2) multiplied by the duration (min) at the half amplitude. Observations of OCTs were similar to intrapartum ones. OCT was more useful than NST in the prediction of fetal distress during labor. The adequate contraction index for OCT was 65 to 70 min . g/cm2. PMID- 7304140 TI - [Fetal growth assessment by the real-time ultrasono-tomography (author's transl)]. AB - This paper is concerned with the methods and results of fetal growth assessment by using the real-time ultrasono-tomography under our newly systematized flow of the fetal management. The following results were obtained. 1) At early stage of pregnancy gestational age of the fetus may be corrected more precisely with the measurement of fetal crown-rump length (CRL) than diameter of amniotic space. 2) The correlation coefficient between gestational days by BBT base and CRL was 0.990 and standard deviation was +/- 2.3 mm. The error of estimated gestational days was +/- 3 days. 3) With one parameter such as the biparietal diameter (BPD), or the fetal abdominal circumference (FAC), it seems to be difficult to find out abnormal fetal growth from the normal growth at the last stage of pregnancy. 4) The discriminant function [Z = 0.6012 X (BPD) + 3 . 100 X (FAC) - 45.204] was obtained within seven days of delivery in order to find immature and mature neonates. With this equation, the probability for correct diagnosis was 90.4%, and 9 in 10 cases of IUGR were predicted. 5) Using four parameters (BPD, FAC, Gestational age, Uterine length), the predicted birth weights was computed. The correlation coefficient between the predicted birth weights and the actual birth weights was 0.852 and 1 S.D. was +/- 281 gram. PMID- 7304141 TI - Uterine tonicity in proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. AB - Hysterometry, a method for the quantitative evaluation of drug effect on the myometrium, has now been applied in a study of the changes in uterine tonicity during the menstrual cycle. Six nulli-gravidae women with regular menstrual periods and normal gynecological examination findings, were studied. Hysterometry was performed in the midproliferative, ovulatory, and midsecretory periods of the cycle and on the first day of menstruation. Uterine tonicity was found to be higher during the proliferative compared with the secretory phase. The change in uterine tonicity was correlated with a change in the quotient of concentration of estradiol and progesterone in serum (E2/P). PMID- 7304142 TI - The preoperative diagnosis of pelvic congestion by means of 133Xenon injected into the cervical myometrium. AB - The pelvic congestion syndrome is an ill-defined entity and despite clinical signs and symptoms diagnosis is almost always presumptive. We studied the clearance of 133Xenon injected into the cervical myometrium, the aim being to evaluate the usefulness of the method as a diagnostic tool in this condition. At the interoperative controls signs of pelvic congestion were present in 40 patients and absent in 36. The mean cervico-myometrial blood flow was 14.28 +/- 6.46 ml/100 g/min in the first group and 25.13 +/- 7.07 ml/100 g/min in the second (p less than 0.01). We obtained false negative responses in 6 cases, false positive ones in 2 and doubtful ones in 16 cases. PMID- 7304143 TI - Regeneration of the human endometrium and presence of inflammatory cells following diagnostic curettage. AB - The regeneration of the human endometrium, with particular emphasis on the presence of inflammatory cells, was studied in 106 women undergoing hysterectomy following curettage. The interval between the last curettage and the hysterectomy varied from 1 day to 12 months. A slight but significant increase in the number of neutrophil cells was observed during the first 7 days after the curettage in proliferating endometrium. This increase was considered to reflect the regeneration phenomenon rather than a true infection. No statistically significant increase in the number of neutrophils and mononuclear cells was observed after the first week following the curettage. The study does not provide any evidence that the introduction of a curette or a suction instrument in the uterine cavity increases the risk of endometritis. PMID- 7304144 TI - Prognostic value of human placental lactogen (HPL) in an unselected obstetrical population. AB - A prospective study on the value of routine HPL determination as a supplement to clinical antenatal care is presented. The HPL values in the apparently normal pregnant women were not known to the clinicians. The material comprised 1 660 pregnancies and deliveries, in 87% of which at least one HPL value was available. The results are expressed as the ability of a low HPL value to predict the birth of a distressed infant and/or an infant of low birth weight, a normal HPL value the birth of a non-distressed infant and/or an infant of normal birth weight. Moreover, the results show has many of the distressed infants and infants of low birth weight were born to mothers with low HPL values. Like a number of other authors, we found that HPL screening increases the prognostic reliability in pregnancies with complications. On the other hand, its value in normal pregnancies could not be confirmed. PMID- 7304145 TI - Amount of tissue evacuated by vacuum aspiration in therapeutic abortions. AB - Following therapeutic abortion in 280 patients prior to the 12th week of gestation, and amount of tissue aspirated was investigated. Measurement of the amount of tissue removed by vacuum suction after dilatation of the cervical canal showed a definite relationship between tissue quantity and gestational age. However, there was a wide range of tissue quantity in the various gestational age groups. The amount of blood lost during the procedure also depended upon gestational age. In 71% of the patients less than 100 ml was lost. There was no difference in the amount of blood lost between primigravidae and multigravidae when regard is paid to gestational age. No case of ectopic pregnancy was found. Re-evacuation was performed in 9 cases. The amount of tissue than recovered was small, in 7 cases 10 ml or less. Placental tissue was removed at re-evaluation in only one of these patients, decidua in all the others. It is concluded that measurement of the amount of tissue removed does not permit assessment of whether the uterine cavity has been adequately evacuated. PMID- 7304146 TI - The lack of significant change in plasma progesterone and estradiol-17 beta levels before the onset of human labor. AB - Maternal plasma levels of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta were measured weekly by radioimmunoassay in 15 healthy women during the last trimester of normal pregnancy. There was a large individual variation for both hormones. The mean concentrations rose slightly with advancing gestational age but the ratio of progesterone to estradiol did not change. It is apparent that the onset of spontaneous labor cannot be predicted by measuring the levels of progesterone and estradiol-17 beta in maternal peripheral plasma. PMID- 7304147 TI - Bone mineral content during pregnancy in epileptics on anticonvulsant drugs and in their newborns. AB - Bone mineral content (BMC) in the long bones was measured by photon absorptiometry in epileptic pregnant and normal pregnant women an in their newborns. The BMC (highly related to total body calcium) was completely unchanged during pregnancy in both groups. The BMC was of virtually the same order in the newborns of the epileptic mothers as in the newborns of the normal mothers. Furthermore, the development state, estimated from BMC, weight and length, was identical in the two groups of newborns. These results show that anticonvulsant osteomalacia can be held at a constant level during pregnancy, and infants born to epileptic mothers have no demonstrable demineralization of bone. PMID- 7304148 TI - The influence of pregnancy and contraceptive pills upon oxygen consumption during phagocytosis by human leukocytes. AB - Oxygen consumption during phagocytosis by leukocytes was examined in pregnant women and women taking the contraceptive pill. In pregnancy, oxygen consumption during phagocytosis was increased, while oral contraception produced a decrease. PMID- 7304149 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of primary vaginal carcinoma in situ and dysplasia. AB - Fifteen cases of primary carcinoma in situ or severe or moderate dysplasia of the vagina have been diagnosed and treated during the period 1966-75 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Central Hospital. Because of abnormal vaginal cytology the lesion was localized by means of colposcopy and iodine staining. For 6 patients local estrogen treatment was applied to increase the thickness of the epidermal layer. For 6 patients, treatment consisted of simple excision. Nine patients, including both those with carcinoma in situ, were treated with intravaginal radiation therapy. The radiation dosage was 2 000 to 2 600 rad at a distance of 1 cm from the surface of the epithelium. None of the patients showed any complications, and all are now symptom-free. PMID- 7304150 TI - Direct current conversion of maternal supraventricular tachycardia developed during the treatment of a pregnant heroin addict with ritodrine. AB - During ritodrine (UtoparR) treatment for premature labor, a chronic heroin addicted patient developed supraventricular tachycardia which was treated by direct current (d.c) conversion, d.c. conversion did not affect the fetus, as judged by the cardiotocogram. As heroin addicts run an increased risk or developing cardiac arrhythmia, caution is advised when treating these patients with beta-mimetics. PMID- 7304151 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of multicystic kidney by ultrasound. PMID- 7304152 TI - Gigantomastia. AB - A case of gigantomastia is reported. The breast enlargement started some years before first pregnancy, during which a tremendous acceleration was observed. Various laboratory investigations elicited normal values, except for some high values of prolactin. No treatment was given. After delivery, the patient nursed her baby. Thirteen weeks later, lactation was inhibited with bromocriptine. A further 3 weeks later, a reduction mammoplasty was performed. One year later, the prolactin values were still normal. The etiology of this disease is not known. One possible explanation is an increased number or increased sensitivity of prolactin receptors in the target organ. PMID- 7304153 TI - Symptomatic postmenopausal endometriosis. PMID- 7304154 TI - Advanced ovarian cancer with splenic infarct. A case report on diagnostic difficulties and favorable cytotoxic effects. AB - Findings obtained with and significance of eight methods of diagnosing splenic infarct combined with advanced ovarian cancer are presented. The internal structures of the affected spleen were visualized only by ultrasonography and computer-assisted roentgen-ray tomography, revealing the enlarged spleen with its multilocular fluid-filled structure. Total remission of this poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma was achieved by combined cytotoxic therapy with adriamycin, f-ftorafur and cisplatinum. PMID- 7304155 TI - Screening and health education in early detection of breast cancer. PMID- 7304156 TI - Complex investigation of impaired brain function during the first postnatal months. AB - Complex diagnostic batteries have been applied in 600 neonates and young infants to verify suspected cerebral lesions. A detailed longitudinal study of visual, auditive, nutritive and motor behaviour as well as neuroradiology are necessary for differentiating between normal variations in brain maturity and early symptoms of a sustained brain lesion leading to defective brain development. PMID- 7304157 TI - [Physicochemical and functional characteristics of gliadin and its fractions isolated from bread]. PMID- 7304158 TI - Effect of phototherapy on neonatal fluid and electrolyte status. AB - Three groups of "healthy' fullterm infants with hyperbilirubinaemia exposed to continuous phototherapy of different intensities, increased their oral intake of milk formula by 33%, 48% and 52% and 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, irrespective of the intensity of exposure; this was significantly more than in the controls, who were swaddled. Serum osmolality and electrolyte values demonstrated no significant change from pre-phototherapy values, and were similar to those of the control group except for significantly raised potassium levels at 72 h in 2 of the 3 phototherapy groups. These raised values were, however, not dangerously high, and rapidly reverted to normal with cessation of phototherapy. The osmolality of the milk formula feeds was 272.4 +/- 8.2 (mean +/- SE) mmol/kg, potassium 27.8 +/- 1.4 mmol/l and sodium 16.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/l. Phototherapy even for 72 h does not significantly affect the fluid and electrolyte status of hyperbilirubinaemic infants fed with fairly high solute load milk formulas. PMID- 7304159 TI - Unilateral Potter syndrome with amelia. AB - In a newborn infant, absence of kidney, hypoplasia of the lung, absence of the subclavian artery, of the adnexa, of the upper limb and its acetabulum were found on the right side, together with renal dysgenesis and other anomalies on the left side. It is presumed that the severe anomalies damaging the right part of the body were consequences of an increased intrauterine pressure due to oligohydramnios. PMID- 7304160 TI - [Superoxide dismutase activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in newborn infants]. PMID- 7304161 TI - HLA haplotypes in children with adrenogenital syndrome and their parents. AB - HLA-A and B antigen typing was carried out by the standard NIH lymphocytotoxicity test in children with adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) from 11 families, further in 3 healthy siblings and 20 obligatory gene carrier parents. Of the children 7 had the salt-losing form. The AGS homozygote group was examined for the geno- and haplotypes of the HLA antigen and the heterozygote group for HLA antigen genotypes. Two AGS-affected children of the same family proved to be HLA identical, while in other families the haplotypes of the healthy siblings were different from those of the affected children. As compared with the data of 222 healthy blood donors, the antigens of the HLA-A and B loci in the homo- and heterozygote groups showed no significant difference. PMID- 7304162 TI - Neurologic complications of Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia in childhood. AB - Two previously healthy children experienced serious neurologic complications in the course of severe S. aureus septicaemia. The first patient developed right hemiparesis and stupor due to a left frontal abscess. He recovered completely following surgery. The second patient, admitted with signs of meningeal infection, developed acute bacterial endocarditis followed by late cerebral embolism causing coma and death. In both patients, cerebral CT was a useful rapid diagnostic acid. When the S. aureus septicaemic patient develops acute bacterial endocarditis, regardless of his haemodynamic state, early valve replacement may prevent harmful cerebral embolic phenomena. PMID- 7304163 TI - Echography of the kidneys in infancy and childhood. PMID- 7304164 TI - Brain tumours in infancy and childhood: a report of 843 treated cases. PMID- 7304165 TI - Chronic gastritis observed from a standpoint of chronic organ inflammation. AB - The muco-muscularis ratio (MMR) of the pyloric antrum was examined in "normal' stomachs and stomachs with chronic gastritis, small chronic gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. The majority of normal stomachs revealed a figure of less than 1 (average 0.803). In chronic gastritis, the MMR was rather high (average 1.127). This fact indicated that the characteristic feature in this condition was atrophy of the muscularis externa rather than that of the mucous membrane. The MMR in stomachs with small chronic ulcers showed no significant difference compared with that of normal samples. Although there were greater fluctuations in MMR of stomachs in cases with duodenal ulcers, it was generally high (average 1.233). The age distribution in this group simulated that of the chronic gastritis group. Microscopical examination of the gastric mucosa of the pyloric antrum in chronic gastritis revealed physiological inflammatory changes appearing 20 years earlier than those of aging process. The pattern of microscopical findings in the stomach with small chronic ulcers was similar to that of normal stomach, and the formation of ulcer was interpreted to be a result of an episode occurring locally. In the stomach of cases with duodenal ulcers, other than the low incidence of intestinal metaplasia, the general findings were similar to those seen in chronic gastritis. PMID- 7304166 TI - Distribution of fibrous long-spacing fibers in normal and pathological lymph nodes. AB - The occurrence and distribution of fibrous long-spacing fibers (FLS) of lymph nodes in normal and pathological conditions have been examined by electron microscopy. The FLS can be easily identified by the characteristic broad cross bands with a 90 to 120 nm period. In normal lymph nodes, the FLS were most often found in the stalk of the valve projecting into the lymphatic sinus and in the perivascular matrix, and less frequently in the wall of the vein, in the sinus wall and in the stroma of the medulla at the hilus. In pathological conditions, a large number of FLS appeared in the hyalinous matrix of lymphocyte depletion type of Hodgkin's disease. These fibers were also observed in reticular matrices of lymphosarcoma and mixed cellularity type of Hodgkin's disease as well as in granulation tissues. It was noted that FLS appeared to be formed in the regions where abundant reticular fibers were laid down. Compared with the ultrastructural and histological findings in various lesions of lymph nodes, the possible mechanism and significance of FLS were discussed. PMID- 7304167 TI - An ultrastructural study on germinoma cells. AB - Germinoma cells were ultrastructurally studied in 17 cases composed of 8 cases with testicular seminoma, 3 cases with ovarian dysgerminoma, 4 cases with intracranial germinoma and one case with mediastinal germinoma. The tumor cells were generally polyhedral in shape, and has frequently a cytoplasmic process, occasionally a long process like a pseudopod. Regarding several components of the cytoplasm, most of the tumor cells in all but few cases had varying numbers of glycogen granules and fatty droplets, some of tumor cells in all but few cases had annulate lamellae, junctional apparatuses and microvilli, while stacks of rER or large autolysomes were observed in some of the tumor cells in several cases. In some of the seminoma cells and dysgerminoma cells observed were one or more of 4 types of intranuclear pseudoinclusions. Definite differences among germinoma cells associated with their originating sites were not recognized except for a few features of the nucleus. PMID- 7304168 TI - A pathological study on eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma (Kimura's disease). AB - The present study included 46 cases of eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma(kimura's disease), which occurred mainly in males between the ages of 11 to 52 years. The common sites were the soft tissue of the head and neck region. Although recurrence was not infrequent, the clinical course was benign. Laboratory findings revealed eosinophilia and frequent elevation of serum IgE. The histological characteristics consisted of proliferation of lymphoid follicles and granulation tissue with infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes, and histiocytes, some degree of vascular proliferation, and fibrosis. With the appliance of unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, a marked reticular reaction of IgE was confirmed in the germinal center of the folliculoid structure, and there were quite a number of IgE producing plasma cells. Many mast cells with IgE bound to their cell surface were seen in the granulation tissue. Toluidine blue staining and electron microscopy revealed fairly well preserved granules in mast cells, being quite different from the changes seen in type I allergy. PMID- 7304169 TI - Clinic-pathological study of gastro-duodenal ulcers from the standpoint of aging of the patients. AB - The gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer resected surgically were investigated clinico-pathologically. The duodenal ulcers occurred frequently in the third to fourth decades in the patients with relatively normal gastric mucosal structure and high acid secretion. On the other hand, the gastric ulcer occurred frequently in the fifth to sixth decades in the patients with moderate to marked mucosal damage and subsequent intestinal metaplasia. Although the duodenal ulcers occurred frequently in the anterior wall, the gastric ulcers were usually found in the lesser curvature and posterior wall. Multiple lesions in the patients of gastric ulcer and linear lesion in the patients of duodenal ulcer increase by aging. The duodenal ulcers were found at the rate of 25% in the patients with gastric ulcer and the gastric ulcers were found at the rate of 40% in the patients with duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7304170 TI - Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis --a clinicopathologic study. AB - This report describes the clinical and pathologic findings of 21 patients with subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis (N.L.). Clinical features of all but 2 patients were as typically described in the literature; young age, enlargement of cervical or axillary lymph nodes, slight to moderate fever with poor response to antibiotics, and invariable spontaneous resolution. Two patients showed atypical clinical findings; remittent high fever with profound prostration in both patients, generalized lymphadenopathy in one, and being a Caucasian in the other. Systemic symptoms resolved gradually, and both patients are now doing well. One patient, however, underwent a staging laparotomy due to a misdiagnosis as unclassifiable lymphoma of the lymph node biopsy. Biopsies of the lymph nodes from all patients demonstrated the typical pathologic features of N.L.; i.e., an intensive proliferation of leukocytes were characteristically absent. Bacteriologic and serological studies were negative. We conclude that some patients with N.L. run a protracted course with remittent high fever before spontaneous resolution and that a correct pathologic diagnosis helps precluding unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic measures on such patients.U PMID- 7304171 TI - Lipoma of the superior medullary velum with Schwann cells --report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A large intracranial lipoma, located on the superior medullary velum is reported. Histologically, the tumor consisted of adult adipose tissue. The right trochlear nerve was involved within the tumor, and the scattered nests of Schwann cells and some larger vessels were also present. Lipoma of the dorsal region of the mid brain is rare and has not been reported from Japan. Schwann cell proliferation in the lipoma is another unusual feature in this case. The histogenesis of this tumor is discussed, and the literature on lipomas of the dorsal region of the mid brain is reviewed. PMID- 7304172 TI - Clinicopathological study on plasma cell osteomyelitis. AB - Clinicopathological findings of a case of chronic plasma cell osteomyelitis of a sixteen years old Japanese boy who underwent surgery under the diagnosis of malignant bone tumor of the proximal tibial metaphysis, have been presented. Sixty-one cases of chronic plasma cell osteomyelitis including this case were reviewed. The authors described that is is necessary to make a careful differentiation between these cases and solitary myeloma clinically and microscopically. PMID- 7304173 TI - Bilateral renal dysplasia accompanied by pancreatic fibrosis, meconium ileus, and situs inversus totalis. AB - An autopsy case of bilateral renal dysplasia with other congenital malformations is reported. Malformations included severe pancreatic fibrosis with meconium ileus, situs inversus totalis, cardiovascular anomalies, and others. The only syndrome of multiple congenital malformations involving renal dysplasia which is similar to the present case is Ivemark's syndrome, though the present case lacked hepatic lesions. Apart from the pancreatic lesion, there were no abnormalities compatible with cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis). It was considered that meconium ileus in the present case was caused by pancreatic achylia secondary to severe pancreatic fibrosis, unrelated to cystic fibrosis, but closely allied to renal dysplasia. PMID- 7304174 TI - Epidermoid cyst of accessory spleen. PMID- 7304175 TI - Arteriovenous malformation of the brain -- histological study and micrometric measurement of abnormal vessels. AB - An autopsy case of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the brain in a 29-year-old housewife was reported. Several important and characteristic findings were obtained by detailed histological examination and micrometric measurement of abnormal vessels composing the nidus of the AVM. Structural imperfectness and immaturity of their vascular wall suggested that the AVM is a histoembryogenic maldevelopment. Prominent dilatation in calibre, hypertrophy of muscular layer, hyalinization, and abnormal increasing of elastic fibers were interpreted as the result of changed cerebral hemodynamics caused by an arteriovenous fistulous communication. PMID- 7304176 TI - [Preparation of tritium labeled 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304177 TI - [Studies of synthetic contraceptives. III. Stereospecific total synthesis of racemic prostaglandin F2 alpha (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304178 TI - [Studies on the limulus test for detection of endotoxin (pyrogen) in radiopharmaceuticals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304179 TI - [Separation of amino acids and amines as diastereoisomers by high performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304180 TI - [Coulometric titration of flavonoids (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304181 TI - [A study on the resource of the Chinese drug Huang-qin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304182 TI - [Studies on the antineoplastic action and toxicity of synthetic indirubin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304183 TI - [Coadministration of pyquiton and furapromidum in the treatment of experimental schistosomiasis japonica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304184 TI - [Acute toxicity of four drugs in high altitude and hypobaric conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304185 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. II. The structure of triptonolide, a new diterpenoid lactone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304186 TI - [Studies on antiarrhythmics. I. Synthesis of 3,4,5,-trimethoxybenzamide derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304187 TI - [The effect of pyquiton on the uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in Schistosoma japonicum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304188 TI - [Molecular connectivity studies on quantitative structure-activity of drugs. II. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for leucomycins, lincomycins and clindamycins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304189 TI - [Gas liquid chromatographic isolation and identification of seven barbiturates and glutethimide from liver and urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304190 TI - [Studies on potent analgesics. II. Synthesis an analgesic activity of the derivatives of 3-methyl fentanyl (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304191 TI - Corticosterone binding in myocardial tissue of rats after chronic stress and adrenalectomy. AB - Male rats were trained to swim for 9-10 days to assess the effect of chronic stress on the capacity and affinity of specific glucocorticoid binding in the cytosol fraction of myocardial tissue. A significant decrease in the binding capacity for corticosterone (Cpd B) was found 24 hours after the last swimming test, while the affinity constant remained unchanged. Contrary to Cpd B binding, there was no change in the capacity of dexamethasone binding, and there was no decrease in the Cpd B binding capacity in rats which had been adrenalectomized 2 days prior to the training period. We conclude that daily swimming for 9-10 days alters the numbers of cytoplasmic Cpd B binding sites in the face of increased adrenocortical activity, while not affecting dexamethasone binding in the cytosol fraction of myocardial tissue. PMID- 7304192 TI - Effect of carotid sinus reflex on the circulation of rats bearing Guerin carcinoma. AB - The effect of carotid occlusion was studied on cardiac output (Evans blue dilution) and its fractional distribution (Sapirstein's isotope fractionation technique) in rats with and without Guerin carcinoma. In response to the carotid sinus hypertensive reflex (CSHR), in normal rats blood pressure and TPR were augmented; vascular resistance of the kidneys, intestines, skin and carcass was increased. In tumour bearing rats CSHR resulted in comparable increments of vascular resistance in various organs. Tumour blood flow remained unchanged, whereas vascular resistance of the tumour was considerably increased. PMID- 7304193 TI - The effect of haemorrhagic shock on blood pressure and heart rate responses to adrenaline in the conscious dog. AB - The effects of haemorrhagic shock on blood pressure and heart rate responses to exogenous adrenaline (2 microgram/kg i.v.) were studied in conscious dogs with chronically implanted vascular cannulae. The animals were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg, the duration of hypovolaemia being two hours. Adrenaline was injected before bleeding, at the beginning and at the end of controlled hypotension, before and 15 minutes after reinfusion. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were determined by a radioenzymatic method. In shock, blood pressure responses and their duration decreased. Heart rate responses were changed from a bradycardia type before bleeding to a tachycardia during shock. After reinfusion biphasic responses were dominating. A significant negative correlation was found between plasma noradrenaline levels and blood pressure responses to adrenaline. PMID- 7304194 TI - The fate of p-bromo-methylamphetamine (V-111) in the body. AB - The fate of p-bromo-methylamphetamine (V-111) in the body was studied by means of its radioactive labelled forms in mouse and rat experiments. It was found with the whole body autoradiographic method and liquid-scintillation measurements that the compound is rapidly absorbed by whatever routes of administration and it is rapidly taken up by the tissues from the blood stream. In the central nervous system, it reaches higher concentration than methyl-amphetamine and it leaves the central nervous system more slowly. We have shown with differential centrifugation that V-111 is bound much more avidly to the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of rat brain than methyl-amphetamine and o-bromo-methyl amphetamine (V-104). The intensity of binding is proportional to the lipid solubility of the compounds. V-111 and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine, and they can be found in small amounts also in the stool. In the case of V 111-3-14C a small amount of 14CO2 appeared in the expired air, too, which is a consequence of the disintegration of the molecule. It has been shown by the radiochromatographic and gas chromatographic, mass-spectrometric analysis of the metabolites that V-111 is excreted partly in unchanged form, nevertheless, the N demethylated and subsequent products, viz. p-bromo-phenyl-acetone, p-bromo phenylpropanol, p-bromo-benzoic acid and p-bromo-hyppuric acid are also excreted in the urine. The main metabolic pathway of amphetamine and of its methyl derivative in rat is p-hydroxylation, which does not take place in the case of p halogenated V-111. Thus the secondary metabolic pathway (demethylation, oxidative desamination) becomes the main metabolic route of V-111 in this species. The vigorous demethylation of V-111 was proved both in vivo and in vitro. In the rat, demethylating activity increases during prolonged treatment. The latter fact has to be taken into consideration when interpreting the pharmacological tolerance that develops during chronic administration of the compound. PMID- 7304195 TI - Effect of D-Ala2-met-enkephalinamide and morphine on the activity of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in rat brain. AB - D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide injected into the lateral brain ventricle (i.c.v.) in a dose of 100 micrograms increased choline acetyltransferase (AchT) activity in the hypothalamus and thalamus. No changes of AchT activity in the striatum, hippocampus and cortex were found. D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide increased also acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity but only in the hypothalamus. Morphine (10 micrograms i.c.v.) increased AchT activity only in the thalamus. Our results and data from the literature suggest that enkephalins may effect the cholinergic neurons in the brain. PMID- 7304196 TI - Effect of reserpine (Serpasil) and chlorpromazine (Largactil) on hypothalamic nuclei of adult female rat. AB - The effects of reserpine (Serpasil) and chlorpromazine (Largactil) on preoptic area (POA), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus were studied in female rats having 4-day normal oestrus cycle. 30 rats were treated with reserpine in three doses i.e. 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 1.5 mg/kg body weight, whereas 20 other rats were treated with chlorpromazine in two doses i.e. 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg/Kg body weight. Gomori positive neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamus were studied by measuring the diameters of nuclei and cells of POA, SON and PVN. When compared to controls both drugs caused a significant (p less than 0.001 to p less than 0.05) decrease in the nuclear and cell size of the neurons. PMID- 7304197 TI - Effect of exercise on the content of lipids, cholesterol and on the composition of fatty acids in the adrenals of rats receiving rapeseed oil in diet. AB - The effect of different levels of high-erucic acid rapeseed oil in diet and exposure to graded exercise on the contents of total lipids and total cholesterol, and the composition of fatty acids, in total lipids and cholesterol ester fractions in the adrenals of Wistar rats was investigated. Presence of erucic acid in the diet produced greater changes in the characteristic composition of fatty acids in the fraction of cholesterol esters than in the total lipids in the adrenals. The intensity of changes in the composition of fatty acids was greater with higher amounts of rapeseed oil in the diet and longer administration of the diet. Exercise decreased the changes in fatty acid composition in the fraction of cholesterol esters in rats receiving 50% of calories from rapeseed oil. In the group receiving 30% of calories from rapeseed oil the trained rats accumulated more rapidly cholesterol in the adrenals than the untrained rats. Exercise load had no effect on the total lipid level in the adrenals. PMID- 7304198 TI - Ledacrine effect on free fatty acids and glycerol mobilization from rat adipose tissue in vivo. AB - In rats receiving intraperitoneally Ledacrine in toxic doses the free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol serum levels and the amount of fatty acids and glycerol released from the epididymal tissue of the rats were determined during one-hour incubation in vitro. It was found that Ledacrine in toxic doses stimulated the process of lipolysis as evidenced by raised serum FFA and glycerol levels and increased amount of FFA and glycerol released from the epididymal adipose tissue in vitro in relation to the values in control rats. The results of investigations of acid-base equilibrium parameters indicated that Ledacrine in toxic doses caused in rats metabolic acidosis associated with respiratory acidosis. PMID- 7304199 TI - Influence of surgery and experimental myocardial infarction on blood levels of free fatty acids and triiodothyronine in dogs. AB - Preparatory operations (PO) including thoracotomy have been performed in 11 dogs. After 6 days in 6 dogs the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated leading to development of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Both after PO and during MI and increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and a decrease in serum triiodothyronine (T3) was observed. There was a negative correlation between T3 and FFA 4--22 hours after PO and 9--22 hours after LAD ligation. In control dogs without LAD ligation a positive correlation between FFA and T3 levels was shown 8--18 days after PO during the period of wound healing. It seems that the combination of elevated FFA and depressed T3 reflects the metabolic disturbances which are more pronounced during MI than after surgical operation connected with thoracotomy. PMID- 7304200 TI - The effect of cutaneous venous thrombi on the permeability of vessels to protein and nutritive blood flow. PMID- 7304201 TI - Erythropoietin and the inhibitor of erythropoiesis in the amniotic fluid during the first trimester of normal human pregnancy. AB - The erythropoietic activity of the amniotic fluid from the 1st trimester of pregnancy and of blood plasma of pregnant women was tested biologically on polycythaemic mice by means of radiolabelled 59Fe. It was found that the amniotic fluid exhibits an erythropoietic activity. Then, using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration several fractions of the fluid were separated chromatographically; they were tested on polycythaemic mice for their erythropoiesis-stimulatory and inhibitory activity. It was found that fraction II proteins (mol. w. about 38 000) acted as an erythropoiesis stimulator, while fractions V and VI (mol. w. 6 900 and 4 000, respectively) showed inhibitory properties. PMID- 7304202 TI - Effect of stimulation of aortic nerves in rabbits under hyperthermia. AB - Stimulation of the aortic nerves was studies in 20 rabbit in relation to increasing body temperature. Depressive reaction was not changed within temperature range of 38--42 degrees C. This reaction was abolished when the temperature exceeded 42 degrees C, in spite of the fact that heating was discontinued and the body temperature returned to its initial value. A complete loss of the reaction or trace depressive reaction, observed when the temperature exceeded 42 degrees C, could be due to thermal inactivation of the neurons in the cardiovasomotor centre. PMID- 7304203 TI - Contraction times of the cat's tongue muscles measured by light reflection. Innervation of individual tongue muscles. AB - The contraction times of the cat's tongue muscles were measured by recording the fine movements of their surfaces and movements of the tongue's surfaces. The recordings were made by means of a commercial, high-sensitive light reflection transducer (Fairchild FPLA 850) which could be operated without any mechanical loading of the tongue. The contraction times of the intrinsic muscles (including pars longitudinalis superior m. hypoglossi and pars longitudinalis inferior m. styloglossi) measured about 22 ms, while the extrinsic muscles were somewhat slower, around 33 ms. The data are considered in the light of the recently reported histochemical composition of these muscles. The study of the hypoglossal nerve supply to individual tongue muscles revealed that, contrary to earlier reports, the medial nerve sends branches to the intrinsic muscles not only at its distal end but during its entire course through the tongue. The transversal and vertical muscles were found to receive numerous fibers innervating small units of their muscle fibers. PMID- 7304204 TI - Activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) in heart, lung and chromaffin tissue from the Florida spotted gar Lepisosteus platyrhincus (Holostei). AB - The activities of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH; E.C. 1.14.17.1) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT; E.C. 2.1.1.10) were estimated in homogenates from the heart, the lung and the posterior cardinal veins from Lepisosteus platyrhincus. Both enzymes could be detected in all three tissues, the activity being highest in the chromaffin tissue of the posterior cardinal veins. The activity of DBH estimated in the present in vitro experiments was about 100-fold higher than the PNMT activity. Preliminary experiments with substrate specificity for the PNMT shows a low (heart) or undetectable (lung and cardinal veins) methylation of phenylethylamine, and the specific PNMT inhibitor SK&F 64139 (1 micro M) lowered the PNMT activity in all three tissues by 55-75%. The presence of PNMT in the adrenergically innervated tissues puts Lepisosteus with the teleosts and the amphibians among vertebrates with capacity for truly adrenergic, as opposed to noradrenergic, transmission. PMID- 7304205 TI - On the adrenergic system of ganoid fish: the beluga, Huso huso (chondrostei). AB - The adrenergic system of the beluga, Huso huso, was studied by glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemistry, analyses of catecholamine content in various organs and studies of the effects of acetylcholine and adrenaline on isolated strip preparations from blood vessels, spleen, atrium and ventricle. Chromaffin cells were found mainly in the walls of the posterior cardinal veins, and to some extent also in the wall of the celiaco-mesenteric artery. The plasma concentration of adrenaline was high enough to affect the contraction force of the isolated atrial and ventricular strips, thus adding an adrenergic component to a possible cholinergic inhibitory vagal control of the heart. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed no direct adrenergic innervation of the heart, but blood vessels in the heart and elsewhere received a rich supply of adrenergic nerve terminals. Adrenaline contracted the celiaco-mesenteric artery and the spleen, and produced positive inotropic effects on the paced atrial and ventricular strip preparations. Acetylcholine contracted the ventral aorta and the celiaco mesenteric artery, and reduced the contraction force of paced ventricular and, especially, atrial preparations. It is concluded that the beluga has a well developed adrenergic system consisting of both chromaffin cells and adrenergic neurons with varicose nerve terminals of the type found in the higher vertebrates. PMID- 7304206 TI - Axonal transport and subcellular distribution of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the cod, Gadus morhua. AB - The axonal transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH; E.C. 1.14.17.1) was studied in the splanchnic nerve of the cod in vivo, and the subcellular localization of the same enzyme was studied in the chromaffin tissue from the cod head kidney. The mean rate of axonal transport for cod DBH was 18.6 mm/24 h at 10 degrees C. The mobile fraction was estimated to 22%, giving an absolute rate of transport of 85 mm/24 h at 10 degrees C. Evidence for a retrograde transport of DBH was also obtained, with an accumulation distal to a ligature of 12% of the accumulation proximal to the ligature at 3 days. DBH from the chromaffin tissue appeared to be strongly bound to the adrenergic granules, with only a small amount (ca 4%) recovered in the soluble phase. PMID- 7304207 TI - On the adrenergic system of ganoid fish: the Florida spotted gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus (Holostei). AB - Falck-Hillarp fluorescent histochemistry, analyses of catecholamine content in different organs and experiments with drug effects on isolated strip preparations were used to study the adrenergic system of the Florida spotted gar, Lepisosteus platyrhincus. The study reveals a well developed system of adrenergic nerve terminals, especially in blood vessels and in the wall of the sinus venosus and atrium. The lung (swimbladder) receives an excitatory cholinergic nerve supply which controls both smooth and striated muscle in the trabeculae of the lung. No conclusive evidence for an adrenergic inhibitory innervation of the lung was obtained. Chromaffin cells line the walls of the posterior cardinal veins, similar to the situation in the teleosts, and the dominating catecholamine in the chromaffin tissue and in the blood plasma is adrenaline. The concentration of adrenaline in the blood plasma is high enough to affect the contraction force of the heart, and circulating adrenaline may thus contribute to the adrenergic control of the heart in this species. PMID- 7304208 TI - Lactate concentrations after short, maximal exercise at various glycogen levels. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of changes in glycogen concentrations on lactate accumulation in human skeletal muscle during a 1 min maximal muscle fatigue test (MFT). All subjects first performed the MFT during a control experiment. Four subjects then performed the MFT again 1 h after prolonged exercise. Seven other subjects performed the MFT again after a 3 day carbohydrate (CHO) poor diet and again after 4 additional days of a CHO rich diet. The m. vastus lateralis was biopsied prior to (for glycogen determinations) and immediately after (for lactate determinations) each performance of the MFT. High but similar lactate concentrations were observed (22.3 mmol x kg-1 w.w.) with normal and supernormal glycogen levels. Lactate was significantly reduced following both the prolonged exercise (to 7.0 mmol x kg-1 w.w.) and the CHO poor diet (to 16.8 mmol x kg-1 w.w.). Alterations in muscle strength and fatigue patterns were also observed from the dietary manipulations but they were neither commensurate with the changes in metabolite concentrations nor statistically significant. PMID- 7304209 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on cerebral blood flow in the goat. AB - The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on the cerebral blood flow was investigated in the goat. An electromagnetic flow probe was placed around the internal maxillary artery for continuous measurement of ipsilateral blood flow. Intraarterial injection of VIP resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the cerebral blood flow. The effect was not antagonized by any of the antagonists atropine, propranolol, phentolamine and naloxone administered intraarterially 1 min before VIP. It is discussed that VIP may play a physiological role in the local blood flow regulation in the CNS. PMID- 7304210 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E1, E2 and E2 alpha on isolated pial arteries of cat. AB - Responses to prostaglandin (PG), E1, E2, and F2 alpha were studied on isolated feline middle cerebral arteries. At resting state PGF 2 alpha produced strong dose-dependent contractions. PGE2 elicited weak relaxations at low concentrations, followed by powerful contractions at higher doses. PGE1 had little effect on resting pial vessels. The relative constrictory potency was PGF2 alpha greater than PGE2 greater than PGE1. During active tone, induced by administration of either potassium, norepinephrine, or 5-hydroxytryptamine, relaxations induced by PGE1 were enhanced, whereas PGE2-induced relaxations were unaffected. PGE1-induced relaxations were more pronounced when the active tension had been produced by administration of PGF2 alpha than with either of the vasoactive amines or potassium. This study demonstrates the importance of smooth muscle tone, and by what means this is achieved, when examining the response of PG's on cerebral blood vessels. PMID- 7304211 TI - Regional differences in skin blood flow as measured by radioactive microspheres. AB - Regional skin blood flows in the trunk were measured by means of radioactive labeled microspheres in anesthetized rats and monkeys. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and arterial pH, pO2 and pCO2 were registered and body and ambient air temperature were kept constant for the duration of the experiments. The blood flows were determined on a total of 6 skin samples, 2 samples each from the thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions. The reproducibility of the microsphere technique for measurements were given with a 10 min interval. The coefficient of variation varied with the region from 10.3 to 22.7%. In both species the skin blood flows in the thoracic regions were significantly higher than in the lumbar and sacral regions (P less than 0.05). The skin blood flows in the thoracic region of the rat ranged from 39-45 ml.min-1.100 g-1, in the lumbar region from 32-33 and in the sacral region from 29-30. In the monkeys the corresponding values for the different regions were: thoracic: 7-9, lumbar 5-7 and sacral: 4-7 ml.min-1.100 g-1, respectively. Our results support the use of radioactive microspheres for skin blood flow measurements, and demonstrate the existence of regional differences in the skin blood flow of the trunk. We suggest that this may be an important consideration during the development, and interpretation of data from experimental models in which skin blood flow is important. PMID- 7304212 TI - Release of adenosine from rat lung by antigen and compound 48/80. PMID- 7304213 TI - Sympathetic activity in muscle nerves--a factor influencing the postural heart rate increase? PMID- 7304214 TI - Uptake of (3H)-ADTN into dopaminergic neurons in the rabbit retina. PMID- 7304215 TI - [About a case of visual agnosia with prosopagnosia and colour agnosia]. PMID- 7304216 TI - [Post-traumatic conversion hysteria. A case report of hysterical paraplegia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of hysterical paraplegia occurring two days after a craniovertebral trauma. They describe the patient's evolution on psychological, neurological and physical therapy grounds. They also discuss the concept of traumatic neurosis with regard to definition, characteristics, classification and its boundaries in relation to the subjective central post-traumatic syndrome. They also study the definition, frequency, limits and course of conversion hysteria with special emphasis on hysterical paralysis and its characteristics. PMID- 7304217 TI - [Presidential address: Desire to punish, psychiatry, responsibility]. PMID- 7304218 TI - Plasma concentrations of magnesium and vitamin B-1 in alcoholism and delirium tremens. Pathogenic and prognostic implications. AB - Plasma concentrations of magnesium were low in 32 alcoholics and 19 patients with delirium tremens. Vitamin B 1 was lowered only in delirium tremens. After discharge, 39 patients were in remission and 12 present signs of alcoholic encephalopathy. The development of encephalopathy can be predicted when delirium tremens is associated with a low plasma concentration of magnesium and vitamin B 1 and admission. One can thus conclude that encephalopathy after discharge is not caused in alcoholics by deficiencies in magnesium or vitamine B 1 or both together. PMID- 7304219 TI - Cognitive factors in subjective stabilization of the visual world. AB - If an eye movement signal is fed through a galvanic mirror, to move a projected image which a subject is inspecting, prominent objects in the image may seem to jiggle or jump with the the eye when the gain is just below the threshold for detecting a jump of the entire image (Brune and Lucking 1969). We have refined and extended this observation with both naive and practiced subjects, finding results which contradict all of the current theories about the mechanism of stabilization of the visual world and suggest that cognitive factors in perception important influences on the stabilization process. Using this method with a paired photocell system to detect horizontal eye movements, some subjects saw a prominent object in the display jump slightly while the rest of the scene remained stable. The task was done first with landscape slides, then repeated with Escher prints where two sets of alternating figures completely filled the image. Subjects could concentrate on one set of forms as the "figure" and the other as the "ground", and reverse the two at will. In a majority of practiced subjects and in smaller proportion of naive subjects, motion of part of the "figure" was seen regardless of which alternative set of forms constituted it. Reversibility of the effect controlled for influence of object size, brightness, etc. in inducing the selective jump. These and related observations show that cognitive or attentional variables are as important as image properties or gain alone in determining subjective stabilization of the visual world, though current theories (inflow, outflow, cancellation, etc.) consider image position to be simple variable. Another experiment showed that image movement on the retina during saccades cannot explain saccadic suppression of displacement. PMID- 7304220 TI - Saccadic programming and perceived location. AB - The retinal location of a saccadic target was made discrepant with its perceived position by means of an induced displacement. If localizing the target required information stored in memory, the eye was directed to the perceived target position. Otherwise, it was directed to its retinal location. These findings do not conform to either a strictly retinotopic or spatiotopic model of oculomotor control. Rather they suggest that the position information used to program saccades may be either perceptual or retinal/spatial depending upon whether the information must be accessed from memory. PMID- 7304221 TI - Localization of brief visual stimuli during pursuit eye movements. AB - Experimental findings concerning the properties of the phenomenon of mislocation of brief visual stimuli during smooth eye tracking are described. One of these, which cannot be explained by existing hypotheses, is that under certain conditions the mislocation magnitude tends to have zero or even negative values. A model is developed for explanation of the mislocation phenomenon. It is suggested that localization is based on: (1) information about the current eye position and (2) information about the stimulus locus on the retina. They both arrive at the localization centre with non-zero delays. The mode of information processing in this centre leads to a magnitude of mislocation which is proportional to the difference between the two delays and which could be positive, zero or negative. Factors which influence either delay should also influence the mislocation magnitude. PMID- 7304222 TI - Detection of displacement during saccades: spatial and functional differences allied to preprogramming. AB - An experimental group of subjects was required to make two saccades to a series of defined points; during the first, either the target for the second, or a point irrelevant to the second, was displaced A control group saw identical displays and displacements but made only one saccade; for them, all displaced points were irrelevant to the saccade. No differences in detection between the groups were found for an irrelevant point, but for the target point clearly lower detection rates and higher rates of misattribution occurred in the experimental group. Displacements of the point next to the target were also harder to detect for the experimental group but were less likely to be misattributed. These results can be interpreted as a perceptual stabilisation of the target for a second saccade (its adoption as a frame of reference) even during a prior saccade, and they are compatible with the preprogramming of the second saccade. PMID- 7304223 TI - Direction selectivity in human visual perception, investigated with low contrast gratings. AB - Velocity thresholds (VT's) of direction selective mechanism were measured with coarse low contrast gratings, visible only when moving. direction of movement was detected only in a movement perception domain (MPD), limited by upper and lower VT's and a minimum exposure time of movement. MPD expanded with increasing contrast or increasing stimulus area. MPD shifted towards higher velocities with lower spatial frequencies or with larger stimulus eccentricities. Form perception in MPD was best at optimal velocities; the spatial structure of the gratings was not evident at the VT level. These observations suggest a velocity tuned sensitivity of direction selective mechanisms and an association of movement and form perception with the activity of movement analysing neurons. PMID- 7304224 TI - The apparent path of a stationary and a circularly moving spot during the smooth pursuit of another circularly moving spot. AB - The apparent movement path (AMP) of a circularly moving spot pursued by the eyes (spot A) and of another stationary or circularly moving spot (spot B) were examined. Experimental variables were speed of rotation; number of rotations; position of the stationary spot (experiment) 1) and phase angle between rotation of spot A and B (experiment 2). The AMP of spot A was a spirally shrinking circular or elliptic path Both speed and number of rotations had an effect on the size of AMP of spot A. The AMP of spot B was in general a circle or an ellipse in some respects corresponding with the retinal locus of the image of spot B. PMID- 7304225 TI - The perceptual coherence of moving visual patterns. AB - Two experiments evaluated the detectability of coherent motion as a function of the coherence and relative direction of motion of the background in which it occurred. The stimulus patterns consisted of sequential frames of randomly positioned dots that could be displaced relative to each other; their coherence was defined by the correlation between positions of dots in successive frames. When all of the correlated components were displaced in the same direction, the detectability of coherent motion of any given component was approximately independent of the coherence of the remainder of the pattern, and the perceived coherence of the whole pattern was proportional to its statistical coherence. Such performance is characteristic of linear system. When two superimposed lattices were displaced in opposite directioins, however, they were competitive in that increasing coherence of one direction decreased the detectability of coherent motion in the opposite direction. The latter results as well as those of other experiments indicate that the visual system is nonlinear. In general, the perceived coherence reflects the coherence of the stimulus patterns. PMID- 7304226 TI - On the spatio-temporal determinants of some motion effects. AB - In a series of recent experiments we have examined the effects of varying the spatio-temporal determinants of some motion configurations on the geometric properties of the perceived motions. For both apparent motion and the kinetic depth effect (being two representative motion sources) specific spatio-temporal frequency and phase limits have been determined with respect to the various (geometrically defined) percepts Finally, a network is proposed which enables predictions about perceived motion loci (and other geometric features), based on the equating of the observed spatio-temporal limits with the bandwidth for a filtering mechanism. PMID- 7304227 TI - A neglected problem: kinetic size constancy. AB - Size constancy in three-dimensional motion, "kinetic size constancy", was investigated by measuring both perceived size and perceived distance under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. It was found that forward-motion facilitated a tendency to see an object with an approximately constant size and made it possible to perceive veridically the distance to the object (distance constancy). The size-distance invariance hypothesis, expressed in the form S'/D'=K theta n, was found to hold in the present experimental situation. In contrast to static size constancy, with kinetic size constancy there is no requirement for separate depth cues if a focal stimulus changes along its vertical and horizontal dimensions and this results in the perception of a shape. PMID- 7304228 TI - Optical information for detecting loss in one's own forward speed. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine whether accuracy and efficiency of detecting loss in one's own forward speed are constant when optical information is invariant over a wide range of environmental variables. Deceleration rate, initial forward velocity, and altitude were varied so as to isolate initial optical flow rate, optical flow deceleration, and optical flow damping invariants specified in observer-relevant metrics. The candidate resulting in the most consistent effect on performance was global damping, which specifies a contrast of flow deceleration with initial flow rate. The finding is a first step toward validating a procedure for identifying functional invariants by assessing the usefulness of mathematically specified optical information for the perception of egomotion. The research represents both a methodological development and empirical support for the broader program of ecological functionalism. PMID- 7304229 TI - Visual control during straight road driving. AB - In a laboratory experiment, visual thresholds were determined for change in heading angle and change in lateral position during simulated straight road driving. These thresholds differ for different delineations, forward speeds and exposure durations. The thresholds as found are low enough to be compatible with the precision with which a driver actually keeps course on a straight road. Therefore, they are likely candidates as visual cues for course control by a driver. Some implications for future research are discussed. PMID- 7304230 TI - Perception of motion using blur pattern information in the moderate and high velocity domains of vision. AB - A series of studies of visual orientation at blurring velocities is integrated ans summarized. Surfaces moving rapidly in depth were simulated and sensitivities of observers to depth-related geometric parameters of the resulting blur patterns, such as divergence and curvature, were measured. Examples of some ecological analyses of these parameters as sources of visual orientation information are given. The results indicate that human sensitivity to a number of blur pattern variables is high enough to be useful in guidance of locomotion. It was also found that some of the information about motion contained in blur patterns may actually be form information. It appears that visual motion processing may involve a complex interplay of visual form and motion analysing systems. PMID- 7304231 TI - A visually-driven postural after-effect. AB - Viewing a large-scale moving scene typically causes a free standing observer to lean in the direction of the seen motion. It was also noted that when the visual motion ceases, the observer drifts back toward the upright position, but instead of this body movement stopping at the vertical, it tends to continue so that the observer remains leaning in the opposite direction for several seconds before finally returning to the upright. The two experiments reported here were designed to investigate the determinants of this postural after-effect in relation to a pitch vection stimulus. Our findings clearly showed that the after-effect was dependent upon (1) the establishment of a prior visually-induced body lean, and (2) sight of the static display on the cessation of motion. The notion of an internalised representation of body position was invoked to account for these results. PMID- 7304232 TI - Evidence for parallel processing in motion perception. AB - It is proposed that motion perception is mediated within two parallel channels in the visual system. These channels are distinguished by the following properties: rate of recovery from adaptation; degree of fine tuning for contour orientation; inclusion of color sensitive units; and ocular dominance characteristics. Three experiments are reported which test the hypothesized systems. PMID- 7304233 TI - Visual motion cues in prismatic adaptation: evidence of two separate and additive processes. AB - The present study was based on the assumption that there are two visual channels which provide separate contributions to visuo-motor recalibration following prismatic displacement of the visual field. The functional properties of the two channels were assumed to conform to predictions from the two motion-analyzing systems models of visual motion perception. The results of the present study confirmed the predictions of the model. Whatever the type of illumination (continuous or stroboscopic) central vision utilizes only cues provided by visual exposure of the arm pointing to a stationary target. Peripheral vision utilizes only cues from visual exposure of the arm freely moving against the homogeneous background but this can be prevented by stroboscopic illumination. In peripheral vision, movement cues provided by exposure of a passively moved arm are not processed. In contrast, the processing of visual cues in central vision is unaffected by whether the movements are active or passive, provided that a stationary target is present. The effects of the two channels may be additive or competitive depending on the conditions. Experimental and theoretical implications are discussed. PMID- 7304234 TI - Discrimination between trunk and head rotation; a study comparing neuronal data from the cat with human psychophysics. AB - Kinesthetic information from labyrinthine and neck receptors is required for reflex control and conscious perception of posture and movement. This study considers (1) the neuronal responses to horizontal labyrinthine and neck stimulation and their interaction both in the anterior suprasylvian (AS) cortex and in the vestibular nuclei (VN) of cats, and (2) human turning sensation related to these stimuli. Convergence of labyrinthine (L) and neck (N) input of comparable sensitivity was found in 80% of the AS neurons and in only 27% of the VN neurons. At both sites, the on-direction of L-responses as well as N-responses was either to the ipsilateral or to the contralateral side (type I and type II responses, respectively). When combining the two stimuli during head rotation, the two inputs could be synergistic (same on-direction) or antagonistic (opposite on-directions). Their interaction consisted of either an additive or subtractive summation leading to enhanced or depressed interaction responses. These interaction patterns are compatible with the subtractive and additive mechanisms which have been proposed to be essential for the stabilisation of the trunk and of the head, respectively. The psychophysical experiments showed that human turning sensations depend on the part of the body to which they are referred. Subjects taking the trunk as reference, reported similar turning sensations during both labyrinthine and neck stimulation, and weak or no turning sensation during head rotation. This suggests an antagonistic interaction of the two inputs. In subjects taking the head as reference, neck stimulation induced an illusionary sensation of head turning. Its direction was such that it would be synergistic with the vestibularly induced sensation of head turning during isolated head rotation. Thus, there appear to exist parallels between the basic operations performed by neurons in cat and by human subjects during labyrinthine neck interactions. PMID- 7304235 TI - Velocity sensitivity of areas 17 and 18 of the cat. AB - Velocity sensitivity of areas 17 and 18 of the cat has been evaluated by preparing neuronal velocity-response (VR) curves in paralyzed and anaesthetized cats. VR curves suggest two possible mechanisms for neuronal coding of stimulus velocity as well as criterion for distinguishing between cells involved in analysis of stationary or moving objects. VR curves differ between cortical areas and with retinal eccentricity. Neurones with larger receptive fields (RFs) become, on the average, sensitive to faster velocities. Parallels with human psychophysics are pointed out as support of the suggestion that the present results are relevant for our insights in human motion perception. PMID- 7304237 TI - Motion mechanisms in strobe-reared cats: psychophysical and electrophysical measures. AB - Cats were reared from birth to at least 12 months of age in a visually static environment (illuminated 40/min by a 3 mu sec strobe flash). Single unit recordings from these animals revealed abnormalities in spatial and directional properties of cortical neurons. In an attempt to find psychophysical correlates of these neural deficits, spatial contrast sensitivity and motion detection thresholds were measured behaviorally. Both spatial vision and motion detection were greatly impaired. While spatial deficits failed to recover, motion thresholds improved greatly following extended training. These improvements in behavioral motion response were accompanied by the recovery of cortical directional selectivity. The recovery of motion thresholds and directional selectivity was direction specific: the distribution of the preferred directions of cortical neurons and motion thresholds were sharply biased towards the direction first seen in training. Thus, directional mechanisms of adult motion deprived cats may be modified if following deprivation the animals are trained to detect moving stimuli. PMID- 7304238 TI - The spatial and temporal organisation of motion perception units in human vision. AB - Measurements of threshold illumination levels for detection of retinally non localised moving targets show that detection of a moving target is influenced by both the spatial and the temporal modulation of the background field. The temporal response characteristics obtained from these measurements are similar to those obtained from experiments on detection of temporal flicker. Experiments with spatially modulated background fields reveal visual mechanisms with spatial properties which are essentially independent of many stimulus parameters. The response amplitude of the spatial filter which characterises these mechanisms increases linearly as a function of background contrast and is independent of the relative orientation between the background structure and the direction of target movement. These properties are used to compute the two-dimensional spatial characteristics of mechanisms involved in the detection of moving targets. PMID- 7304236 TI - Wiener kernels determination in the cats lateral geniculate nucleus as a function of velocity of a sinusoidal grating: preliminary results. AB - The aim of this work was to develop a mathematical model which could describe information collected in the lateral geniculate body in response to the movement of a specific stimulus in an animal's visual field. To do this, a visual stimulation technique was developed, as well as a group of computer programs for processing the information recorded during the experiments. This group of programs is a method of non-linear identification based on the Wiener Kernels method, with the speed of an image's motion in the visual field as the systems entry variable. Preliminary results have shown that non-linearities in visual information processing would also be involved in speed coding. Thus a further utilization of the Wiener method seems useful and could contribute a great deal to visual system analysis. PMID- 7304239 TI - Psychophysical properties of displacement thresholds for moving targets. AB - Psychophysical movement displacement thresholds were determined for three stimulus parameters (line length, stimulus luminance, and duration of movement) at various locations in the visual field. Although some differences were noted, foveal and peripheral movement displacement threshold functions were generally similar when scaled and plotted on logarithmic coordinates. The findings were consistent with known physiological and anatomical properties of retina, and suggest that retinal mechanisms are an important determinant of motion displacement threshold. PMID- 7304240 TI - Detection and discrimination of moving gratings. AB - Two techniques are described which have been used to investigate mechanisms underlying the perception of velocity. The first, subthreshold summation establishes detection thresholds of two gratings of different spatial frequencies moving at the same velocity and also the detection thresholds of combinations of these gratings. The second technique employed a detection/discrimination procedure which establishes the discriminability of two different moving gratings at detection threshold. These experiments suggest that at low velocities the detection of 2 and 6 cycle/degree gratings is mediated by independent mechanisms, this independence being diminished at higher velocities. Gratings of 2 cycles/degree moving at different velocities are only discriminably different at detection threshold when widely separated in velocity. PMID- 7304241 TI - Vernier acuity and stereopsis with discontinuously moving stimuli. AB - Apparent stereoscopic disparities or vernier displacements in moving stimuli can be introduced by temporal delays as well as by conventional spatial shifts. A method is described for observing these effects in dynamic dot patterns containing motion sequences of determinate length. The implications for theories of stereoscopic and vernier acuity are discussed. PMID- 7304242 TI - The information basis in the perception of velocity. AB - This is theoretical-empirical contribution to the controversy about whether perceived velocity is a consequence of the interaction between phenomenal space and time, or an independent attribute directly extracted from the physical time and space information of moving stimulation. The paper includes the following problems. (a) After a brief methodological review, the quantitative relationship between perceived velocity, space and time is re-interpreted and its numerical validity evaluated. (b) It is contended that perceptions of velocity, space and direction of movement are parallel processes which occur on the basis of the information extracted directly from the space and time variables of motion stimulus. And, finally, (c) a new line of argument is advanced in support of the thesis that even in pursuit eye movements, information about motion is transmitted visually rather than via extraocular proprioception, and in this connection some questions concerning the control theoretical models of smooth pursuit eye movements are raised. PMID- 7304243 TI - Monoptic and dichoptic signals do not cooperate in the perception of a bistable motion display. AB - Two new conditions of presentation of a bistable motion display are studied, where a competition between monoptic and monoptic plus dichoptic information is supposed to be involved. Data contradict the expectation that a dichoptic motion signal could cooperate with a monocular one. A different interpretation of the combination of monoptic and dichoptic signals is proposed. According to it, the clarity of rotational motions is based upon the evidence, even conflicting, which the two "peripheral" low-level processes separately provide. PMID- 7304244 TI - Velocity judgments of continuously moving and stroboscopically presented stimuli using magnitude and category scaling. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine whether perceived velocities of continuously moving targets and stimuli presented stroboscopically (in successively different positions) are processed by two different motion-sensitive mechanisms: one substitutive (metathetic), the other additive (prothetic). Male subjects made category scale and magnitude scale judgments of targets presented continuously and stroboscopically at five different velocities. When the magnitude scale data were plotted against the category scale data, linear relationships emerged, suggesting that in both conditions velocity perception is due to a substitutive process. The results are discussed in view of previous research and theoretical implications. PMID- 7304245 TI - On the relativity of perceived motion. AB - Perceived stability of the visual world during eye movements is traditionally explained as due to the presence of extraretinal signals, equal in magnitude to retinal signals. Motion is perceived when the two signals differ. An experiment is reported in which motion thresholds were measured during smooth pursuit eye movements. The results show that the traditional view is incomplete. Motion is only perceived when the two signals differ by at least a just noticeable difference (JND), the magnitude of which depends on ocular velocity and is independent of the direction of stimulus motion relative to the eyes. The data lead to the rejection of theories according to which ocular velocity is under represented in extraretinal signals. In addition they show that retinal image motion carries no information about stimulus motion. Perceived motion, direction and velocity are relative concepts. They depend on the JND and therefore they are relative to extraretinal signals. This principle explains the Filehne illusion and even predicts the Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon. A similar analysis can be applied to understand vestibular effects on motion perception. PMID- 7304247 TI - Evoked potentials to consonant-vowel syllables. PMID- 7304246 TI - An olfactory investigation of the compatibility of oddity instructions with the design of a 3-AFC signal detection task. PMID- 7304249 TI - Boredom: practical consequences and a theory. PMID- 7304248 TI - Effects of question type and experimenter position on bilateral differences in electrodermal activity and conjugate lateral eye movements. PMID- 7304251 TI - Pupillometric assessment of retrieval operations in factual long-term memory. PMID- 7304250 TI - The limits of perceived magnitude: comparison among individuals and among perceptual continua. PMID- 7304252 TI - A further evaluation of the limitation of wholistic visualization. PMID- 7304253 TI - Assessment of renal parenchymal thickness in normal children. AB - The normal range of variation of the parenchymal thickness in well defined parts of the kidney was determined in children (0 to 15 years). The values were correlated with the distance between the superior surface of L1 and the inferior surface of L3. The ratio between the parenchymal thickness on the right side and the left side was also determined. The results are compiled in two nomograms. PMID- 7304254 TI - Early detection of nephropathy in childhood urinary tract infection. AB - Early detection and treatment of nephropathy in childhood urinary tract infection is important for the planning of treatment and supervision. In patients without abnormalities of calyces or defects of kidney outline standardized measurements of the thickness of the parenchyma at three sites on each kidney are more informative in establishing early affection of the kidney than other measurable parameters available. The majority of patients who will develop focal renal scarring can be identified early after their first symptomatic infection from measurement of the appropriate dimensions of the parenchyma. PMID- 7304255 TI - Kidney size compared with vertebral height. Importance of possible variations in normal values. AB - Results are presented showing that the normal values derived in one research centre, for the relationship between kidney length and the heights of the first 3 lumbar vertebrae, are not applicable to children in another one. The girls who are the subject of this investigation are those taking part in the survey on asymptomatic bacteriuria in Newcastle upon Tyne. PMID- 7304256 TI - Long-time effect of large vesicoureteral reflux with or without urinary tract infection. AB - In children more than one year old the growth rate of the renal parenchyma is delayed if the kidney has a large reflux-ureter and is exposed to urinary tract infection. The growth rate of the parenchyma is normal, if the kidney has a large reflux-ureter but no infection. However, since moderate reduction of the renal parenchyma is often observed in patients with large reflux-ureter but without a history of urinary tract infection, it is concluded that a large reflux may cause back pressure injury on the kidney during infancy but, in children more than one year old, will cause renal growth retardation and renal scarring only be predisposing to pyelonephritis. PMID- 7304257 TI - Radiation doses to children at urologic radiography. AB - At urologic radiography of infants and children, the energy imparted and the absorbed doses to gonads, breasts and thyroid were measured and the mean absorbed dose to the bone marrow calculated. The influence on the doses of different screen-film systems, numbers of exposures and the projection used was analysed. The risk of future radiation induced biologic effects was calculated. PMID- 7304258 TI - Ultrasound examination of the kidney after Politano-Leadbetter ureteroneocystostomy. AB - Ultrasound was used in infants and children operated upon with together 62 ureteroneocystostomies to detect complicating obstructive uropathy in the early postoperative period. It was compared with isotope examination and urography. Ultrasound was reliable and accurate in appreciating urinary stasis and should thus be preferred as examination method. PMID- 7304259 TI - Metrizamide and metrizoate for cardioangiography in infants and children. AB - Metrizamide was compared with metrizoate in a double blind investigation. Cardioangiography was performed in 30 infants and children below 2 years of age with congenital heart disease. Adverse reactions were few and unimportant. Changes in ECG, ventricular pressure and heart rate during and after the contrast injections were recorded. The side effects were slight in both groups. Metrizamide caused less changes than metrizoate at a statistically significant level. PMID- 7304260 TI - Supernumerary soleus muscle. AB - The findings made in cases of supernumerary soleus muscles are reviewed, and the first radiologic observations on this malformation are reported. The value of CT is emphasized. PMID- 7304261 TI - Congenital malformations associated with maternal osteodysplasty. A new malformation complex. AB - The child of a woman with osteodysplasty was found at radiologic examination in utero to have a unique complex of abnormalities, which were further analysed after birth. The complex included malformations of the abdominal wall, the bowel and the eyes as well as calcification of soft tissues and previously unknown varieties of osseous abnormalities. PMID- 7304262 TI - Traumatic dislocation of the radial head at birth. AB - A female delivered in a breech presentation after manipulation of the arms was found 2 days later to have sustained anterior dislocation of the left radial head. Surgical correction proved successful, and when re-examined 5 years later the elbow had remained normal. It is probable that in many cases of unilateral displacement of the radial head, detected later in life but reported as congenital, the malposition has been a sequela after unrecognized birth injury. PMID- 7304263 TI - [Medical libraries and their utilization]. PMID- 7304264 TI - [Histological aspects of the endometrium in users of intrauterine devices]. PMID- 7304265 TI - [Aspects of liver histology in asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg)]. PMID- 7304266 TI - The discriminant diagnostic power of liver function tests in hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 7304267 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7304268 TI - Prevalence of left bundle branch block in women with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7304269 TI - [Malignant angioendothelioma]. PMID- 7304271 TI - Reliability of the rabbit pyrogen test and of the limulus test in predicting the pyrogenicity of vaccines in man. AB - Commercial vaccines including bacterial as well as live and inactivated viral vaccines were examined in the rabbit pyrogen test and in the limulus test. The laboratory results were compared with the reactivity in humans. A fairly good correlation was found between the temperature rise in rabbits and the frequency of febrile reaction in the vaccinees. Two rabies vaccines and a tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine, each pyrogenic both in rabbit and in man. were negative in the limulus test. The pyrogenicity of these vaccines is attributed to the vaccine virus itself. PMID- 7304270 TI - Mutual orientation of adenovirus hexon polypeptides in a two-dimensional crystalline array. AB - Three profiles of hexons were detected om two-dimensional adenovirus crystalline arrays: (i) approximately ringwise closed hexons with a roundish hole in their centres and with 2-4 electron dense spots in the wall of the rings; (ii) hexons, consisting of three approximately oblong polypeptide enclosing a triangular hole; (iii) triangular hexons, containing three main polypeptides with an Y-shaped slit, instead of a hole, in their centres. Following the examination of directly or computer corrected electron micrographs a tentative model has been developed on the possible mutual "rotation" orientation of hexon polypeptides within the two-dimensional crystalline array. The position of hexons is such that the longer side of a polypeptide of each hexon is next to the end of two polypeptides of its neighbouring hexon, i.e. one polypeptide is linked to two other ones. An irregularity evolves in this "one-to-two" linkage system by the rotation of a hexon, the maximum rotation being 60% degrees, as follows from the hexon's threefold symmetry. The presence of lying hexons and of hexons of different contours, points to irregularities in "vertical" orientation, with the turn reaching even 90 degrees or 180 degrees, i.e. the hexons might be connected in such a way that their originally external or internal parts are facing identical directions. PMID- 7304272 TI - The modular construction of the neuropil in the substantia gelatinosa of the cat's spinal cord. A computer aided analysis of Golgi specimens. AB - Golgi impregnated spinal cord sections cut in the sagittal plane were used to study the branching pattern, terminal structure and orientation features of terminal axon arborizations in the substantia gelatinosa (lamina II) of the cat. The histological description of the arborizations was supplemented with computer aided quantitative three-dimensional analysis. Six types of axon arborizations could be distinguished among the 31 arborizations collected from C4 and L4 spinal segments. One type was tentatively identified as terminals of non-myelinated primary afferent fibres (Class I arborizations), while the others (Class II arborizations) were suggested to belong to thin myelinated primary afferent fibres, to descending tract fibres and to spinal interneurons. Arborizations differed in branching pattern and in the thickness of the branches. They possessed several terminal and en passant thickenings (up to 75) which were interpreted as presynaptic sites. The arborizations were confined to long and narrow sagittal sheets of the neuropil. These sheets were tilted from the sagittal plane but their rostro-caudal axis lined up exactly parallel to the axis of the spinal cord. The dimensions of the elongated brick-shaped territories encompassing the presynaptic sites of the arborizations were measured. The average values of 10 Class I trees were 526 micrometer in length, 53 micrometer in dorso-ventral direction and 17 micrometer in width (medio-lateral dimension). Class II trees were generally shorter but wider. Trees were found occasionally to arborize in two adjacent sheets. Arborizations with partially or totally overlapping branches were frequently seen. PMID- 7304273 TI - Keratotic lesions of the oral epithelium. AB - Glycogen in the epithelium is interpreted as a sign of cell activity; its accumulation seems to take place gradually during cell migration. The oxido reductase and hydrolytic enzyme-groups represent a sensitive indicator of changes in cell metabolism. The occurrence and intensity of glycogen, lactic and succinic dehydrogenases, NAD-cytochrome-c-reductase, alkaline and acid phosphatases were studied in 20 biopsy materials obtained from patients with keratotic buccal lesions. The results were compared with 20 biopsies from healthy oral mucosa. Variations were found in the localization and amount of glycogen, but no significant difference could be observed in the intensity of the oxido-reductase enzymes and alkaline phosphatase reactions. Acid phosphatase showed increased reactivity in most superficial layers of the keratinized epithelium. PMID- 7304274 TI - Aseptic bone necrosis. AB - The post-traumatic and vascular necrosis of broken bones were studied in rabbits. AFter experimental traumatization and vascular lesion a similar type of necrosis was encountered. There were, however, differences in the distribution of the necrotic areas and in the position of the fracture-line. In the case of post traumatic necrosis the fracture line was situated at the border of the intact and the necrosed tissue, whereas in vascular necrosis of secondarily broken bones it was found in the necrobiotic area. Surveying morphometrically the distribution of necrotic areas it was observed that in traumatic necrosis large fields occur on either side of the fracture-line which retained in 95% the nuclear staining of their osteocytes while in vascular necrosis such areas were not seen. On this basis traumatic and vascular necrosis can be differentiated provided the sample is taken from the surroundings of the fracture-line. PMID- 7304275 TI - Multilamellar bodies in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. AB - Multilamellar bodies appearing in the rat's cerebellar Purkinje cells were studied ultrastructurally in methionine sulphoximine convulsions, hypovolaemic shock and carbon monoxide poisoning. It is concluded that multilamellar bodies are pathological formations due to toxic hypoxic factors. PMID- 7304276 TI - Electron cytochemical detection of nickel ions under pathological conditions in the rat heart. AB - A newly developed electron cytochemical method for using dimethylglyoxim for visualization of nickel particles in the heart muscle is described. Application of the method under hypoxic conditions in carbon monoxide poisoning is considered. PMID- 7304277 TI - Changes of glucosaminoglycans in the goblet cells of bronchial epithelium during chronic bronchitis. PMID- 7304278 TI - Naloxone-induced decrease of plasma prolactin in healthy women. PMID- 7304279 TI - Effects of dantrolene sodium on gabaergic activity in spinal cord, corpus striatum, substantia nigra and cerebral cortex in rat. PMID- 7304281 TI - Headache in children: a epidemiological study. PMID- 7304282 TI - Giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery: clinical radiological and surgical considerations. PMID- 7304283 TI - Computed tomography in Menkes disease: a case report. PMID- 7304284 TI - Computed tomography findings in agenesis of corpus callosum. PMID- 7304280 TI - Clinical neurological disorders associated with Burkitt's lymphoma: report on three cases. PMID- 7304285 TI - Neurological, electroencephalographic and biological screening of a haemodialyzed population. PMID- 7304286 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis frequency in Italy. Incidence and prevalence in the province of Ferrara. PMID- 7304287 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors and coronary damage in patients with ischemic brain disease. PMID- 7304288 TI - Persistent trigeminal artery and its association with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Further observations. PMID- 7304289 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage. An attempt of statistical assessment for operability. PMID- 7304290 TI - Association patterns between epileptic and migraine attacks. PMID- 7304291 TI - Apomorphine and cerebellar GAD activity. PMID- 7304292 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis in homozygous thalassemia. A tomographic study of a case treated with radiotherapy. PMID- 7304293 TI - The system approach to brain blood flow. PMID- 7304294 TI - Contrast media, the blood-brain barrier, and cerebral blood flow. PMID- 7304295 TI - Mechanisms of contrast enhancement in cerebral infarction: computerized tomography, regional cerebral blood flow, fluorescein angiography, and pathological study. PMID- 7304296 TI - Blood-brain barrier: morphology, physiology, and effects of contrast media. PMID- 7304297 TI - Shear stress injury to arterial walls. PMID- 7304298 TI - X-ray imaging of blood vessels to the brain by use of magnification stereoscopic technique. PMID- 7304299 TI - Vascular anatomy and pathology of the head and neck: method of corrosion casting. PMID- 7304300 TI - Automated physiological profile assessment of effects of altered cardiovascular dynamics on brain blood flow. AB - Brain blood flow may be compromised as severely by altered cardiovascular dynamics as by atherosclerotic flow-limiting lesions in carotid arteries. The Automated Physiologic Profile can distinguish between those clinically important mechanisms. The Automated Physiologic Profile is a concept and method and apparatus. Physiologic performance of the heart, vascular tone in systemic and pulmonary vessels, and oxygen consumption are derived and printed on a standard report form. This easy to use form identifies mechanisms and illustrates severity of patho-physiologic aberrations contributing to ischemia-inducing processes. Serial portrayal depicts effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. This report included examples of APP in patients with ventricular rhythm disturbance, sick sinus syndrome, hypovolemic low cardiac out-put, and carotid artery stenosis as contributing factors in clinical cerebrovascular insufficiency. All were accompanied by excessive systemic arteriolar resistance, implying reduced brain blood flow. Serial APPs correlated with clinical events in the case histories. PMID- 7304301 TI - Hypoglossal carotid entrapment syndrome. AB - Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract if frequently contiguous with the ICA and the HN in the neck. If severe, the inflammation of itself may occlude or directly extent into the ICA wall. The resulting scar produces a fixed relationship between artery and nerve that is vulnerable to lymph node enlargement, by head position, or blood pressure elevation. Trauma in the absence of scar may result in intimal injury of the ICA. Hypoglossal carotid entrapment may give rise to arterial stricture or diaphragm formation, microembolism, dissecting aneurysm, and arterial occlusion. Hypoglossal palsy with hemiatrophy of the tongue, unilateral headache, facial pain, or sympathetic disturbance of the upper face are less common than carotid or vertebral basilar symptoms. The diagnosis of HCE depends on understanding the pathological anatomy, hemodynamics, and mechanics of its production and aggravation. Patient history is important and close attention should be given to a history of tonsillitis, abscesses of the neck, unilateral headache, facial or orbital pain, and symptoms related to activity or elevation of blood pressure. The judicious use of noninvasive hemodynamic evaluation, EEG, neurotologic studies, CT scan, and CT dynamic scanning has been of value in diagnosis before surgery and in the documentation of hemodynamic benefit after surgery. Surgical reconstruction has been successful in the relief of ICA obstruction due to HCE and of associated symptoms and disability. PMID- 7304302 TI - Tourniquet subclavian steal: brainstem ischemia and cortical blindness--clinical significance and testing. PMID- 7304303 TI - Blood-brain barrier, aging, brain blood flow, and sleep. AB - We have shown that significant ultrastructural changes occur with increasing age in the BBB in the nonhuman primate. It is probable that similar changes occur in aging humans. Clearly, morphophysiological changes, i.e., structural changes in cerebral capillaries, may alter the BBB mechanism as well as capillary perfusion which, in turn, may affect cerebral energy metabolism and neuronal function. Thus neurological function may be affected and sensitive indices of function such as sleep patterns altered. PMID- 7304304 TI - Measurement of regional brain blood circulation by computed tomography. PMID- 7304305 TI - EEG in the vascular laboratory. PMID- 7304306 TI - Cerebral hemodynamics evaluation. AB - The cerebral hemodynamic evaluation is the embodiment of a system approach to the hemodynamic factors that affect brain blood flow. The stresses employed are those encountered in everyday living. The instruments are simple and the method is basic. The importance of the cardiovascular response to the upright position and of brain perfusion to head motion deserves close attention in the clinical setting. The CHE complements the angiogram, the CT scan, and CT-rBBC studies by addressing the system and arterial hemodynamic factors affecting brain circulation. The CT-rBBC studies have given greater validity and direction to noninvasive and electrophysiologic testing because the ultimate concern is brain perfusion and function and not the angiogram. This combination of techniques has defined the role of the dynamic arterial obstruction and the vertebral artery in the hemodynamics of the brain. The cerebral hemodynamic evaluation is an integral part of the physiologic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of brain ischemia. PMID- 7304307 TI - Carotid and vertebral artery surgery, EEG monitoring, and the operating room. PMID- 7304308 TI - EEG and carotid cutaneous plethysmographic monitoring during carotid reconstructive surgery. AB - A total of 231 patients with atheromatous ulcerations of the carotid artery and obstructions due to critically stenotic plaques or kinks underwent reconstructive surgery mainly of the internal carotid artery, under general anesthesia, normocarbia, and without increasing the systemic blood pressure. Continuous electroencephalography and phot pulses from the cutaneous territories of the internal and the external carotid arteries were used to monitor 250 carotid operations. An intraoperative test, clamping of the common carotid artery and its two branches for 3 min, was performed on each patient. An internal shunt was routinely used in 18 patients. In the remaining 232 operations, an internal shunt was selectively used in only 13 of the 15 patients in whom there was focal showing on the EEG and/or a reduction in the amplitude of the ipsilateral supraorbital pulses to less than 25% of their preclamping values. In the group in which no shunt was used, the duration of the carotid clamping varied from 6 to 59 min, with a mean of 26 min. Seven patients died, but death was related to brain ischemia during surgery in only two. There were no ischemic neurological complications, except in the patients who died. This results in a mortality and morbidity rate of 0.8%. In those patients in whom a shunt was used, CCPPG recordings clearly indicated obstruction of the shunt during surgery. Thrombotic occlusions of the distal end of the shunt in one case and of the repaired vessel in another two were diagnosed. Electroencephalographic and CCPPG monitoring provided useful information of the state of cerebral function, the level of anesthesia, and the occurrence of cardiac dysrhythmia or hypotension and its effect on brain circulation. It is believed that this monitoring technique greatly contributed to the decreased mortality and morbidity in our series. PMID- 7304309 TI - Physical aspects of dynamic computed tomography. PMID- 7304310 TI - Possible direction in CT scanner design. PMID- 7304311 TI - A method of calculating brain blood flow with a CT dynamic scanner. PMID- 7304312 TI - Measurement of regional brain blood circulation by computed tomography. PMID- 7304313 TI - Comparative effects of intravenous and intra-arterial methylprednisolone in cardiogenic shock. AB - This study was undertaken to determine if a portion of intravenously administered methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) might be metabolized by the lung during cardiogenic shock. With plastic microsphere coronary artery embolization, myocardial infarction and shock were produced in mongrel dogs. Animals were assigned to control, intra-arterial MPSS, and intravenous MPSS groups, with the treated dogs receiving 30 mg/kg of MPSS 15 minutes after infarction. Compared to control animals, the group receiving intra-arterial MPSS had significantly higher mean blood pressure, cardiac index, and blood glucose levels and a lower peripheral resistance during shock. Compared with the intravenous MPSS group, dogs treated with intra-arterial MPSS had significantly lower peripheral resistance and a nearly significantly higher cardiac index. Permanent survival rates were 26% in the control group, 60% in the intravenous MPSS group, and 50% in the intra-arterial MPSS group. Although treatment with intra-arterial MPSS was associated with a better hemodynamic profile than that following intravenous MPSS (suggesting the possibility of corticosteroid metabolism by the lung), survival was not enhanced. It was concluded that functionally insignificant amounts of corticosteroids given intravenously might be inactivated by the lung. Hence, intravenous MPSS injection is a practical and adequate means of administering this valuable agent in cardiogenic shock. PMID- 7304314 TI - Mechanisms of the optimal protective effects of ibuprofen in acute myocardial ischemia. AB - Ibuprofen in doses from 3.12 to 12.5 mg/kg effectively preserve ischemic myocardial tissue in acute myocardial ischemia. The mechanisms for this protective effect do not appear to be primarily related to reducing afterload or rate (ie, curtailing myocardial oxygen demand) or to a profound antiarrhythmic effect. Rather, ibuprofen in doses that protect in acute MI, appears to 1) inhibit generation of thromboxanes, 2) stabilize lysosomal membranes, and 3) dilate the coronary vasculature. These actions may account for the ability of ibuprofen to protect in ischemia, in contrast to other nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agents (eg, aspirin, indomethacin, meclofenamate), which fail to protect in this life-threatening disorder. PMID- 7304315 TI - Effects of pharmacological interventions on the rat liver following hypovolemic shock. AB - In order to determine if pharmacological intervention would modify the morphological alterations that we previously observed in the human liver in a rat hypovolemic shock model, male Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40 torr for 30 minutes. Following the shock period, animals were injected with either dopamine-HCl (30 micrograms/kg/min), glucagon (50 micrograms/kg/min) or methylprednisolone sodium succinate (30 mg/kg/min) over a 30-minute period. Following treatment, the shed blood was returned. Animals were killed at either 1 or 48 hours, a wedge biopsy of the liver was taken for morphological study, and a blood sample was taken for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Alterations in the untreated shock controls were consistent with those seen in the human liver by ultrastructural study in cases of mild to moderate shock. The most prominent alteration in the rat liver was the formation of autophagic vacuoles at 1 hour, while at 48 hours there was an increase in residual bodies with a decrease in autophagic vacuoles in both glucagon treated and in untreated controls. While dopamine and methylprednisolone significantly reduced the number of autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies in the animals studied, SGOT levels were increased in the glucagon and methylprednisolone treated animals at 48 hours and SGPT levels were increased only in the glucagon treated animals at the same time period. Results suggest that methylprednisolone or dopamine prevent sublethal alterations in the rat liver in moderate hypovolemic shock. PMID- 7304316 TI - Effect of splenectomy on the cardiovascular response to hemorrhage in dogs with immunoreactive opsonic deficiency and reticuloendothelial blockade. PMID- 7304317 TI - Heterogeneity of the coronary microcirculation during low-flow ischemia: a model for the heart in shock. AB - The etiology of myocardial damage in shock is multifactorial. Poor perfusion of the coronary bed during shock may result in areas of cellular anoxia. This study examines the response of isolated perfused rabbit hearts to low-flow ischemia utilizing a high resolution assay of ischemia, NADH fluorescence photography. The hearts were made ischemic by reducing coronary perfusion pressure to 50% for 60 seconds. Islands of ischemic anoxia appear over the surface of the ventricle. The intensity of the ischemic response increased with successive ischemic insults (P less than 0.01). The number of anoxic islands can be reduced by pretreatment with papaverine (P less than 0.01). Anoxic islands are stable up to 20 minutes of ischemic time and are not stained by fluorescein angiography. The data suggest that an intrinsic inequality exists in the perfusion of the coronary microcirculation during low-flow ischemia. PMID- 7304318 TI - Reticuloendothelial system depression with hemolyzed blood. AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of hemolyzed blood and components of hemolyzed blood on RES function. Phagocytic index, determined using four different test particles in rats, was depressed 30 minutes following the injection of 0.3 ml/100 gm hemolyzed blood. Fractionation of hemolyzed blood into particulate and soluble fractions revealed that only the particulate material caused an RES depression. A decrease in phagocytic index was seen after the injection of hemoglobin-free erythrocyte ghosts, further indicating that the membrane components of hemolyzed blood are capable of depressing RES function. Injection of hemolyzed blood, as well as RES blockade, increased the mortality rate following endotoxin administration. Injection of hemoglobin had no effect on RES function or endotoxin shock susceptibility. It is concluded that hemolyzed blood causes a nonspecific depression in RES phagocytic function, as well as probably impairing endotoxin detoxification. These findings indicate that the hemolysis that accompanies burn injury may induce RES depression and increase susceptibility to shock states. PMID- 7304319 TI - Volume replacement in hemorrhage, shock, and burns. PMID- 7304320 TI - Competition between intrinsic and extrinsic controls of resistance vessels of major vascular beds during hemorrhagic hypotension and shock. PMID- 7304321 TI - Legal threats--real and potential--to shock research. PMID- 7304322 TI - Glucocorticoid effect on glycolytic intermediates in septic rat heart. AB - Glycolytic intermediates in rat liver show similar changes in both endotoxic and peritonitis shock models suggesting a common etiology. To determine if this parallelism exists for other organs, adult rat hearts were analyzed 5 hours after E. coli endotoxin injection (2 mg/100 gm rat weight) or after sepsis produced by cecal incision. Tissue obtained by freeze-clamp biopsy was deproteinized and the metabolites were enzymatically assayed. Glucocorticoids were injected IV: 1 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DMS) and 3 mg methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS) per 100 gm rat weight at time of operation. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) in septic hearts (N = 10) declined 36% and 37% from sham-operated control values (N = 11) of 640 nmole and 136 nmole per gm wet tissue. This finding is consistent with accelerated glycolysis. No changes of other metabolites indicative of severe hypoxic conditions were noted. A 2.5-fold increase in lactate was observed. This may reflect a shift to anaerobiosis in peripheral muscle and greater extraction by heart. Confirming earlier endotoxin rat heart data, glucocorticoids did not prevent decreases in G6P and F6P in septic hearts which declined 37% and 36% below sham controls (N = 10 for pooled glucocorticoid data). Hexose monophosphates in sham animals treated with GC alone were also found to be lowered. Glucocorticoids were synergistic with endotoxin in lowering beta-hydroxybutyrate in heart samples. It is concluded that endotoxin and sepsis produce identical responses on myocardial carbohydrate metabolites and that glucocorticoids do not counter these effects, which reflects the lack of gluconeogenic potential in this organ. PMID- 7304323 TI - Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. A role of arterial ketone body ratio as an index of anoxic metabolism of the liver in acute blood loss. AB - The changes in the oxido-reduction state and the adenylate energy charge of the liver were investigated in rats having 16%, 50%, and 84% mortality rates after acute hemorrhage. In the arterial blood, concentrations of ketone bodies, pyruvate, lactate, and the ratios (acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate to lactate) were measured after hemorrhage and reinfusion of the shed blood. The mitochondrial oxido-reduction state and the blood ketone body ratio decreased 15 minutes after hemorrhage. The values of these parameters of rats having the higher mortality rate were lower than those rats having the lower mortality rate. In addition, the changes in both the adenylate energy charge and the mitochondria oxido-reduction state of the liver were closely correlated with the changes in the ratio of acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate in the arterial blood (P less than 0.001). Thus, it is suggested that the decreased oxygen supply to the liver mitochondria may play an important role in determining the mortality rate after acute hemorrhage and is reflected in the ratio of acetoacetate to beta hydroxybutyrate in the arterial blood. PMID- 7304324 TI - Glucocorticoid action on rat hepatic glycolytic intermediates during experimental peritonitis. AB - Previous work demonstrated that glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6 phosphate (F6P) levels declined early in endotoxemic and septic livers. Since glucocorticoids are known to support hepatic gluconeogenesis in endotoxemia, these agents were tested in a peritonitis model produced by cecal incision in fasted adult male rats. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DMS) and methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS) were given in doses of 1 mg and 3 mg, respectively, per 100 gm rat weight at time of incision. Freeze-clamp biopsy samples obtained at 5 hr were enzymatically assayed. G6P and F6P in sepsis (N = 12) decreased 50% and 36%, respectively, below sham-operated control values (N = 15) of 236 and 61 nmole/gm wet tissue. The decrease with DMS was 20% and 16% and with MPS was 22% and 23%, showing partial restoration to normal levels. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) did not decline in the moderate, non-terminal stage of peritonitis when compared to the control value (N = 19) of 209 nmole/gm. Treatment with glucocorticoids raised PEP to supernormal levels: DMS (N = 19) a 63% elevation, MPS (N = 12) a 51% elevation above controls in peritonitis rats. The glucocorticoid effect was similar in both rapid endotoxic and the slow peritonitis shock models. It is concluded that hexose monophosphate (HMP) increase is secondary to the support of PEP synthesis with glucocorticoid treatment. Changes in sham-operated control rat livers treated with glucocorticoids did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 7304325 TI - The effects of cortisone treatment and burn injury on plasma and lung lavage cortisol concentrations and alveolar macrophage activity. AB - Thermal injury often results in the development of compromised host defense mechanisms against infections (eg, increased incidence of pulmonary sepsis in postburn animals has been attributed to impaired cellular defenses in the lung). Recent reports have demonstrated that high dose glucocorticoid therapy used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and shock also results in an increased susceptibility of the host to pulmonary sepsis. Although several defense mechanisms are available to the respiratory tract combating bacterial challenges, the major cellular defense is the alveolar macrophage, which phagocytizes infectious agents and potentially toxic particulate matter that infiltrate the lower respiratory tract. Recent evidence has demonstrated that high doses of cortisol in vivo impair both functional and metabolic activities of the alveolar macrophage. However, there is little information regarding whether alterations in endogenous levels of glucocorticoids following systemic injury can mediate similar defects on the cellular defenses of the lung. The present study demonstrated that both high dose glucocorticoid treatment and burn injury severely impaired the functional activity of the resident lung macrophage. The phagocytic cell population in the lower respiratory tract was reduced by more than 50%, 24 hr following either burn injury or a 7 day cortisone regimen. Furthermore, the remaining alveolar macrophages lavaged from either experimental group demonstrated a marked impairment in phagocytic activity. The combination of a reduced macrophage population in the lung and a decreased phagocytic activity of the residual cells indicated a severe deficiency in the total lung phagocytic capacity. The 7 day cortisone treatment markedly elevated plasma (greater than 400%) and lung lavage (greater than 200%) levels of cortisol. Although plasma levels of cortisol were also significantly increased (greater than 50%) 24 hr post burn injury, lung lavage cortisol levels were not higher than saline-treated sham burn control values. However, lung lavage concentration of cortisol was increased over threefold following cortisone treatment and burn injury. PMID- 7304326 TI - The effect of pH of resuscitative fluids in treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock. AB - Commercially available Ringer's lactate solution has a pH of approximately 6.5. In a situation such as shock, which is normally accompanied by a metabolic acidosis, this additional acid load could have an adverse effect on resuscitation when massive amounts of fluid are required. We prepared a similar solution with a pH of 7.4 and compared the two solutions. Fourteen dogs were shocked according to a Wiggers' hemorrhagic shock model. Six dogs (43%) died during shock, 8 dogs survived the model, 4 were resuscitated over a 150-minute observation period to a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of 8-12 mmHg with Ringer's lactate with a pH of 7.4. The cardiac output, lactate levels, amount of fluid required to maintain the PCWP, and arterial and mixed venous pH were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. No significant differences were found except for occasionally higher arterial pH values in the group treated with Ringer's lactate with a pH of 7.4. There was no difference between the groups in any measurement at the end of the observation period or in survival. All dogs died within 12 hours of the end of the shock period. Our data indicate that the somewhat acidic pH of standard Ringer's lactate does not adversely affect the adequacy of resuscitation. There is no advantage to using Ringer's lactate with a pH of 7.4. PMID- 7304327 TI - Effect of 2,4 dinitrophenol on the rate of hepatic prostaglandin production. AB - The in vitro perfusion of livers under hypoxic conditions has been reported to produce hepatic cellular injury and to evoke endogenous prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. The present study investigates whether a cellular energy deficit in the presence of adequate tissue oxygenation is a stimulus for PG production. Rabbit livers were perfused for 3.5 hr in a nonrecirculating perfusion apparatus. Venous effluent lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (AP), lactic acid, and PG concentrations were measured. Perfusion pressure, liver weight, and oxygen consumption were also monitored. Control livers demonstrated stable values for all variables over a 3-hr observation period. Livers perfused with Krebs Henseleit buffer containing 0.1 mM 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) demonstrated significant (P less than 0.05) increases in the rates of release of LDH, AP, and lactic acid. Neither perfusion pressure nor oxygen consumption was substantially altered by DNP treatment. However, the wet weight of the livers rose by 27% +/- 9% (P less than 0.05) at 180 minutes. The rate of release of PGF2 alpha rose from a control value of 0.07 +/- 0.02 to 1.28 +/- 0.43 ng/min/gm wet weight at 120 minutes. PGE2 increased from 0.16 +/- 0.02 in the control period to 2.08 +/- 0.58 ng/min/gm wet weight over the same time period. Similarly, the rate of release of the stable metabolite of prostacyclin rose from 0.20 +/- 0.04 ng/min/gm wet weight during the control period to 3.02 +/- 1.21 ng/min/gm wet weight 120 minutes after DNP. These results suggest that a pure cellular energy deficit as occurs during periods of hypoxia and circulatory shock is a potent stimulus for endogenous prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 7304328 TI - Effects of endotoxin in murine burns. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated the protective effect of the spleen in murine burns. Since the spleen is a reservoir of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and since small doses of endotoxin stimulate RES activity, the purpose of this investigation was to perform studies to determine whether endotoxin administration will further augment burn protection in splenectomized and nonsplenectomized animals. Swiss white mice were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group was splenectomized and the other received a sham splenectomy. Twelve weeks later, under pentobarbital anesthesia, all animals were burned uniformly on the lower back. Log doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin or an equal volume of saline were administered intraperitoneally immediately after thermal injury. Severity of burns at 24 hours was assessed from gross and microscopic appearances using a grading scale of 0 (normal) to 4 (severe). Splenectomized controls receiving saline had more severe burns than the sham-splenectomized controls. Endotoxin decreased burn severity in both splenectomized and non-splenectomized mice. However, endotoxin afforded greater burn protection in the splenectomized mice when compared with the non splenectomized animals. PMID- 7304329 TI - Contribution of altered lipolysis and reesterification in perturbations of free fatty acid kinetics during burn shock. AB - We have previously shown that free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization is severely decreased during burn shock in the guinea pig. Glycerol mobilization was also decreased, indicating that decreased lipolysis was a major contributing factor to the impairment of FFA mobilization. In order to assess the contribution, if any, of increased FFA reesterification to the perturbations of FFA kinetics, we used the constant infusion technique, simultaneously infusing 14C-palmitate and 3H glycerol. By this method we measured the rate of triglyceride hydrolysis (glycerol turnover) and the mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue (palmitate turnover). It was found that FFA turnover was decreased by 65% (39.4 +/- 4.1 to 16.7 +/- 1.4 mumole/kg . min, P less than 0.001), and glycerol turnover was decreased by 48% (23.6 +/- 2.5 to 12.3 +/- 1.1 mumole/kg . min, P less than 0.001) at 2 hr postburn. The FFA:glycerol ratio decreased from 1.87 +/- 0.20 to 1.43 +/- 0.15 (P less than 0.02), suggesting that increased FFA reesterification contributed to the decrease of FFA mobilization from adipose tissue during burn shock. PMID- 7304330 TI - Alterations in tissue glutathione levels following traumatic shock. AB - Many of the metabolic and physiologic alterations that develop in normal rats following whole-body trauma are not observed in rats made resistant to this stress by their prior exposure to sublethal episodes of trauma. These trauma resistant (TR) animals survive high doses of trauma that produce lethal traumatic shock if given to normal animals. This laboratory has studied several biochemical events following trauma in naive and resistant rats to better understand the cellular events in shock and the mechanism of resistance to this severe injury. In the present studies glutathione (GSH) levels in the kidney, liver, and spleen were determined at various time intervals after trauma in normal and TR rats. In normal rats 1.5 hr after trauma, there was a significant decrease in kidney, liver, and spleen GSH levels. In the kidney these returned to normal at 4 hr and increased above controls at 24 hours. In the liver GSH remained low at 4 hr and increased above controls at 24 hours. In the spleen levels returned to normal at 4 hr and remained constant throughout the time of observation. In TR rats no changes were seen in the kidney and an increase above normal values occurred at 48 hr in the spleen. In the liver of TR rats there was an early drop in the GSH levels, but these returned to normal at 4 hr and rose significantly at 24 hours. Alterations in the concentration of glutathione, a physiologically important non protein sulfhydryl compound, may represent a mechanism by which cellular adjustment of the body occurs to stress and environmental agents. PMID- 7304332 TI - Presence of a reticuloendothelial depressing substance in portal vein blood following intestinal ischemia and thermal injury. AB - This study was carried out to determine if an RE depressing substance is present following intestinal ischemia or thermal injury. Intestinal ischemia consisted of occluding the celiac and mesenteric arteries for 3 hr, and thermal injury was a 30% body-surface-area scald (30 sec in 90 degrees C water) in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Immediately following release of the arterial occlusions or 3 hr after thermal injury, portal vein blood was collected and plasma extracts prepared. RE depressing substance activity was assayed by measuring the colloidal carbon clearance rate in rats following the IV injection of the plasma extracts or saline. Plasma extracts from control animals never had detectable RE depressing substance activity. Following intestinal ischemia RE depressing activity was consistently detected in 6 assays on plasma extracts from 12 animals. Thermal injury was associated with the presence of RE depressing activity in each of the 4 animals studied. Neither intestinal ischemia or thermal injury was associated with a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. These results indicate that RE depressing substance may contribute to the RES depression and impaired host-defense seen following intestinal ischemia and thermal injury. PMID- 7304331 TI - Humoral regulation of plasma opsonic fibronectin levels: its role in reticuloendothelial recovery after RE blockade. AB - The present study in rats evaluated the concept that a humoral factor regulates opsonic fibronectin levels. Intravenous administration of gelatin-coated particles depletes immunoreactive opsonic fibronectin by 95% within 30 minutes. Partial restoration of opsonic protein was observed by 3 hours with complete recovery 6-24 hours. Post-blockade serum was then evaluated with respect to this humoral factor. Controls were given either normal serum or serum rendered fibronectin-deficient by affinity chromatography. Affinity-adsorbed fibronectin deficient serum did not increase immunoreactive opsonic fibronectin. Injection of normal serum resulted in the expected elevation in fibronectin due to its fibronectin content. In contrast, injection of fibronectin-deficient serum obtained during RE blockade dramatically elevated (P less than 0.02) immunoreactive opsonic fibronectin to 160.6 +/- 14% of control levels by 3 hours. Thereafter, fibronectin levels returned to control over the 6-24 hour period. Our temporal studies suggest that a circulating transferable factor, which may be a hormone, may influence the synthesis and/or release of opsonic fibronectin. PMID- 7304333 TI - The natural leukocyte response to hemorrhagic shock. AB - There is a high incidence of bacterial infection in patients after trauma or hemorrhagic shock. Since circulating white blood cells (WBC) are a vital component of host defense mechanisms, we examined leukocyte responses in canine hemorrhagic shock. Twenty adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized with 28.6 mg/kg of IV pentobarbital. Arterial and venous cannulas were inserted, and after baseline hemodynamic and blood determinations the dogs were rapidly bled into a reservoir to a mean arterial pressure of 45 +/- 3 mmHg. The animals were maintained at this pressure for one hour and then resuscitated with twice the volume of shed blood over two hours using Ringer's lactate solution. Serial WBC counts after shock were compared to baseline values using Student's t test. In the first few hours after hemorrhagic shock the total WBC count falls, while the neutrophil population rises significantly. During the first week following shock and resuscitation, the leukocyte count remains elevated due to a persistent increase in the neutrophil population. The lymphocyte count remains depressed. Therefore, changes in the number of WBC after canine hemorrhagic shock do not favor the development of bacterial sepsis, because the neutrophil count remains elevated. Whether or not neutrophil function is adequate remains to be determined. PMID- 7304334 TI - Microembolization induced oxygen utilization impairment in the canine gracilis muscle. AB - Impaired peripheral oxygen utilization coinciding with an elevated cardiac index, venous oxygen tension, and serum lactate with the loss of reactive hyperemic response have been observed in a large series of resuscitated trauma patients. We tested the hypothesis that these clinical findings were due to an alteration of the microcirculation caused by embolization of intravascular particulate matter. To test this hypothesis, we used the bilateral pump-perfused, isolated canine gracilis muscle preparation which we subjected to microembolization with 15 micrometers polystyrene spheres. Prior to microembolization, oxygen consumption was flow-limited up to 6 ml min-1 (r = .928) and at higher flows, oxygen consumption was independent of flow. Following microembolization, the relationship of oxygen consumption and blood flow remained correlated (r = .893), but there was less oxygen consumption at any given flow rate (P less than .05). Imidazole, 30 mg kg-1, IP administered to prevent platelet aggregation, resulted in the return of oxygen utilization to the preembolization value. PVO2 of the microembolized muscle was significantly higher than in the contralateral muscle, which was abolished after imidazole administration. These data suggest that microembolization leads to an oxygen utilization defect similar to that observed in the resuscitated trauma patient. Since this defect was reversed by imidazole administration, a humoral mechanism in the microcirculatory bed may act to restrict oxygen utilization following microembolization and trauma. PMID- 7304335 TI - [Hydrolases in ocular tissues. 2. alpha-L-fucosidase in subretinal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304336 TI - [Development of ornithine ketoacid transaminase in rabbit ocular tissues and liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304337 TI - [Experimental study of chloroquine retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304338 TI - [Transplantation of retinoblastoma into the nude mouse. 2. Radiation effects on retinoblastoma successively transplanted into nude mouse eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304339 TI - [Inheritance of lattice degeneration of the retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304340 TI - [Histological study of proliferating membrane of human massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304341 TI - [An electron microscopic study of the epiretinal membrane in human eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304342 TI - [Lipoperoxide level of scavenging enzyme activities in the diabetic albino rabbit retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304343 TI - [Making the scores on diabetic retinal changes for statistical analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304344 TI - [Structure of the inner retinal surface in simple diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304346 TI - [Retinal damage by mechanical touch (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304345 TI - [Recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. (1) Non-inflammatory type (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304347 TI - [Experimental studies of talc retinopathy in monkeys. I. Clinico-pathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304348 TI - [Studies on experimental central serous chorioretinopathy. Fluorescein angiographic findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304349 TI - [Morphological study of reparative process of outer retinal layer in the experimentally produced immunologic choroiditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304350 TI - [Fluorophotometry of the anterior ciliary vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304351 TI - [Aging effects on low molecular weight proteins of the normal human lens, especially gamma crystallins (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304352 TI - [Acute rubella retinal pigment epitheliopathy in adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304353 TI - [Study of lattice degeneration of the retina. Part 3. Familial occurrence of lattice degeneration of the retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304354 TI - [Visual prognosis of the traumatic optic nerve damages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304355 TI - [Pilocarpine, carbachol and carteolol on open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304356 TI - Serological investigations of mycobacterium avium and M. avium-like bacteria isolated from domestic and wild animals. PMID- 7304357 TI - Fetal infection with porcine parvovirus in herds with reproductive failure. PMID- 7304358 TI - Vaccination against porcine parvovirus infection. PMID- 7304359 TI - Ultrastructural studies of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in goats. PMID- 7304361 TI - The epithelium covering Peyer's patches in young milk-fed calves. An ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical investigation. PMID- 7304360 TI - Effect of prolactin suppression on the ovarian activity in the lactating sow. PMID- 7304362 TI - Temperature related absorption and excretion of sulphadimidine in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. PMID- 7304363 TI - Swine dysentery: a scanning electron microscopic investigation. PMID- 7304364 TI - A working model for the evaluation of different immunological traits as indicators of resistance to infection in dairy cattle. PMID- 7304365 TI - Antigen-antibody crossed electrophoretic studies and quantitative comparisons of serum transferrin types in horses. PMID- 7304366 TI - Concentration of serum transferrin in sick horses and its relationship to serum albumin content. PMID- 7304368 TI - Failure to produce pneumonia in calves by inhalation of Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Ureaplasma aerosols. PMID- 7304367 TI - Pathological lesions in swine at slaughter. IV. Pathological lesions in relation to rearing system and herd size. PMID- 7304369 TI - Zinc concentrations in pancreas and liver of cattle in Norway. PMID- 7304370 TI - Reactions in the cytotoxic leucocyte test. AB - A short summary of the literature about the cytotoxic leucocyte test was presented. The results of 1824 CLTs involving 23 food allergens were analyzed. Of the foods tested malt, orange, rye, milk, corn, tomato, oats, wheat, brewers yeast and rice were the ten foods giving a reaction most often in the CLT. Except for minor differences the foods were the same as earlier reported to cause reactions most frequently. Age was found to influence the results of the CLT as cow milk caused reactions most frequently with children and while malt with adults. In 92.1% of the tests there was at least one reaction which means that the CLT is quite sensitive. Thus the CLT seems to be mainly useful for the screening of foods suspected to cause symptoms before planning elimination and provocation trials for the diagnosis of food allergy. PMID- 7304371 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in asthmatic children]. PMID- 7304372 TI - Atopic and non-atopic sensitivity in a large bakery. AB - Flour is an allergen which can sensitize either by the digestive or the inhalatory route, particularly those who work with this product. Factors involved occupational four-induced asthma also include various insects and their excreta, fungi and dermato-farinae. In this study, 1303 subjects from a number of bakeries were studied. They underwent allergological investigation by means of prick-tests with allergens and respiratory function tests for those with bronchial asthma. Also studied is the relationship with atopic syndromes or atopic family history. PMID- 7304373 TI - Conditions of antigenic stimulation necessary for the termination of the IgM response and the appearance of a single and persistent IgG response: The change from IgM to IgG is a biological expansion of the response. PMID- 7304374 TI - Prostatic acid phosphatase: a look and world of caution. PMID- 7304375 TI - Group psychotherapy with deaf adolescents. PMID- 7304376 TI - Hearing-impaired children: learning to read a second language. PMID- 7304377 TI - The AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale norm referenced for deaf-blind individuals: application and implication. PMID- 7304378 TI - Recall of different segments of an interpreted lecture by deaf students. PMID- 7304379 TI - Helping the deaf community college student improve his reading skills. PMID- 7304380 TI - Future directions in the education of deaf-blind multihandicapped children and youth. PMID- 7304381 TI - The effectiveness of unimodal versus bimodal presentations of material to be learned by hearing-impaired students. PMID- 7304382 TI - Effects of guessing strategy on speechreading test scores. PMID- 7304383 TI - A usable test for the speech intelligibility of deaf talkers. PMID- 7304384 TI - Teaching young deaf people: an instructional strategy. PMID- 7304385 TI - From the clinic: hypnosis in conjunction with corrective therapy in a quadriplegic patient: a case report. PMID- 7304386 TI - The significance of visual training in the treatment of reading disabilities. PMID- 7304387 TI - From the clinic: fabrication of the removable rigid dressing and supracondylar cuff for the below-knee amputee. PMID- 7304388 TI - Suicide in children. AB - Suicide can be the tragic consequence of depression, even in childhood. Depression has been described in infants, is often overlooked in children and is a leading cause of death in adolescents. Childhood suicide is uncommon because of the child's lack of knowledge and limited physical resources. The high incidence of suicide in adolescents is, in part, due to impulsive activity. While drug therapy can be helpful, the management of frightened and depressed suicidal youngsters requires a network of helping professionals. PMID- 7304389 TI - Osteomyelitis of the metatarsal sesamoid. AB - The classic features of chronic sesamoid osteomyelitis are prolonged pain without clinical of systemic evidence of infection and a delayed appearance of roentgenographic changes. Radionuclide imaging assists in early detection. Surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotics are essential to healing. The most common etiologic agents are Pseudomonas species. PMID- 7304390 TI - Drugs and the nursing mother. PMID- 7304391 TI - Delirium: a neglected medical emergency. PMID- 7304392 TI - Regional coronary angiographic observations during cold stimulation in patient with exertional chest pain: comparison of diameter responses in normal and fixed stenotic vessels. AB - In 12 patients with exertional chest pain, coronary angiography was performed and quantitative measurements coronary artery (CA) diameters were made before and during cold stimulation (four normal CA patients and eight fixed CA stenosis patients). The left main CA; proximal, middle and distal anterior descending and circumflex segments; and small intramyocardial CAs (0.4 to 1.0 mm) usually showed only minimal and similar degree of vasoconstriction (average diameter reduction 6%) during cold stimulation in both normals and CA disease (CAD) patients. Magnitude of vasoconstriction differed among some CA segments measured; the left main CA segment (0 +/- 2%, mean +/- SD) usually did not change while distal segments (-10 +/- 10%) usually demonstrated greatest percentage vasoconstriction. Coronary stenoses and CAs filled by collaterals did not demonstrate increased magnitude of vasoconstriction compared to other CAs. Results of other CA segments were also similar comparing patients with and without CAD. The minimal degree of vasoconstriction observed in these CA segments does not appear to account for the large increase in coronary resistance reported during cold stimulation in CAD patients. PMID- 7304393 TI - Type III hyperlipoproteinemia: Quantification, distribution, and nature of atherosclerotic coronary arterial narrowing in five necropsy patients. AB - The amount of cross-sectional area (XSA) narrowing in each 5 mm long segment of each of the four major epicardial coronary arteries was determined in each of five patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) and symptomatic, fatal atherosclerotic coronary disease (CAD). Four had angina pectoris; two had acute myocardial infarcts which healed, and two died suddenly. Of the four major epicardial coronary arteries, all four were narrowed 76% to 100% in XSA by atherosclerotic plaques in two patients, three were narrowed to this degree in two patients, and two were so narrowed in one patient. Three patients had severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery. The percent of 5 mm long segments of coronary artery narrowed to various degrees was as follows: 96% to 100%, 0 to 37 (mean 14); 76% to 95%, 14 to 61 (mean 35); 51% to 75%, 9 to 41 (mean 24); 26% to 50%, 0 to 42 (mean 16), and 0% to 25%, 0 to 27 (mean 11). Utilizing a scoring system of 1 to 4 for the four categories of narrowing (1 = 0% to 25%, 2 = 26% to 50%, 3 = 51% to 75% and 4 = 76% to 100% XSA narrowing), scores per 5 mm segment for each patient ranged from 2.5 to 3.9 (mean 3.1). Thus these five type III HLP patients had severe diffuse coronary narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques. PMID- 7304394 TI - Clinical electrophysiologic study of antiarrhythmic properties of flecainide: acute intraventricular delayed conduction and prolonged repolarization in regular paced and premature beats using intracardiac monophasic action potentials with programmed stimulation. PMID- 7304395 TI - Clinical comparison of rapid infusion and multiple injection methods for lidocaine loading. AB - A rapid infusion regimen for lidocaine loading (150 mg infusion over 18 minutes following a 75 mg priming injection) was evaluated in 12 patients. This was compared with multiple injection loading method in six patients involving three 50 mg injections over 18 minutes following the same priming dose. Both loading regimens were followed by a maintenance infusion of 2 mg/min. Predictably, the multiple injection method produced wide variations in lidocaine concentrations compared to the rapid infusion method. Some evidence of lidocaine toxicity (drowsiness, tinnitus) was seen in 13 of the 18 patients after the priming injection. During multiple injection loading, all six patients experienced side effects (drowsiness, tinnitus, dysarthria, or paresthesias.) Only 1 of 12 patients experienced a side effect (drowsiness) during rapid infusion loading. The difference in incidence of adverse reactions was significantly greater with the multiple injection regimen (p less than 0.01) but was associated with measurably greater drug levels. PMID- 7304396 TI - Arrhythmogenic effects of carbon monoxide in experimental acute myocardial ischemia: lack of slowed conduction and ventricular tachycardia. AB - To investigate the possibility that carbon monoxide (CO) at high clinically encountered levels may have arrhythmogenic effect in initial minutes of acute myocardial ischemia, 14 dogs underwent thoracotomy and recording of bipolar epicardial electrograms during brief (6-minute) left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusions. Eight of the 14 dogs were studied both before and after CO pretreatment in which carboxyhemoglobin levels of 6.8% to 14.6% (mean 10.4 +/- 2.8%) were achieved. Epicardial electrograms showed no change in degree of ischemic myocardial conduction slowing after CO, and there was no significant difference between CO and no-CO LAD occlusions in incidence of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia. Since the degree of myocardial conduction slowing is thought to be importantly related to susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in acute ischemia, this study suggests that CO may not be arrhythmogenic during early minutes of acute myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7304397 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of hemitruncus: anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from ascending aorta with the other pulmonary artery arising normally from right ventricle. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was performed on a 2300 gm newborn who presented with congestive heart failure. Clinical examination suggested left-to right shunt with pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac catheterization and angiography demonstrated origin of the right pulmonary artery (RPA) from the aorta. Retrospectively, this feature (anomalous RPA) had been present on 2DE. A second patient aged 2 years had evidence of ventricular septal defect with large left-to right shunt early in life. Gradual development of infundibular stenosis and clinical cyanosis ensued. 2DE showed subaortic ventricular septal defect with infundibular stenosis. Cardiac catheterization and angiography confirmed tetralogy of Fallot with origin of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) from the aorta. Retrospective review of 2DE showed the anomalous LPA arising from the side of the ascending aorta. PMID- 7304398 TI - Systematic approach to evaluation of angina-like chest pain: pathophysiology and clinical testing with emphasis on objective documentation of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7304399 TI - Recent advances in mechanisms, evaluation, and pacemaker treatment of chronic bradydysrhythmias in children. PMID- 7304400 TI - Fatal catecholamine crisis in pheochromocytoma: curable cause of cardiac arrest. PMID- 7304401 TI - Acute myocardial infarction due to intracoronary occlusion after elective cardioversion for atrial fibrillation in a patient with angiographic nearly normal coronary arteries. PMID- 7304402 TI - Concealed retrograde AV nodal conduction in intermittent fascicular block. PMID- 7304403 TI - Interruption of aortic arch masquerading as persistent fetal circulation with definitive diagnosis by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7304404 TI - Effective treatment of orthostatic hypotension by propranolol in the Shy-Drager syndrome. PMID- 7304405 TI - Echocardiographic features of ventricular septal defect patch dehiscence. PMID- 7304406 TI - Early cardiac manifestations of Marfan's syndrome in the newborn. PMID- 7304407 TI - Primary versus secondary mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7304408 TI - Difficulties in interstudy comparisons of coronary disease rates. PMID- 7304409 TI - Lipoproteins, platelets, and prostaglandins in atherosclerosis. PMID- 7304410 TI - Reappraisal of the postmyocardial infarction Dressler's syndrome. PMID- 7304412 TI - Wholesalers: adversaries or agents? PMID- 7304411 TI - Parasitic diseases: on the rise, but new drugs coming. PMID- 7304413 TI - A wholesaler's look at pharmacy. PMID- 7304414 TI - Pharmacy and wholesalers--partners in service. PMID- 7304416 TI - The wholesaler effect in pharmacy management. PMID- 7304415 TI - Pharmaceutical wholesaling in Europe. PMID- 7304417 TI - Productivity & information: two good reasons to computerize. PMID- 7304418 TI - America's elderly. Meeting their health care needs. PMID- 7304419 TI - Elderly: understanding their nonprescription needs. PMID- 7304420 TI - Elderly: Research opportunities. PMID- 7304421 TI - Elderly: Drug education for providers. PMID- 7304422 TI - Elderly: the interdisciplinary approach. PMID- 7304423 TI - Gossypol: a potential male contraceptive? PMID- 7304424 TI - Some topics from industrial health in Japan. PMID- 7304425 TI - Prediction of respiratory period on men exercising while wearing masks. PMID- 7304426 TI - Static electrification of airborne asbestos: a study of its causes, assessment and effects on deposition in the lungs of rats. AB - The paper describes a series of experiments carried out in the laboratory to investigate how asbestos fibres might become electrostatically charged during the process of being made airborne, the magnitude and polarity of the charge per fibre, and the effect on lung deposition in rats. Measurements of the penetration of fibres through an electrostatic elutriator enabled the magnitude and distribution of charge in a cloud of fibres to be quantitatively assessed. Thus it was found that a typical fibre of UICC amosite, as dispersed in a typical animal exposure chamber, carried a net charge of magnitude equivalent to about 60 electrons. The distribution of charge was bimodal, suggesting that two charging mechanisms were taking place, the main one producing net negative charge and the lesser one producing net positive charge. These were attributed to materials in the dust dispenser used and with which the fibres came into contact during dispersal. It was found that the magnitude of charge on a typical fibre could be significantly reduced by the introduction of equal numbers of positive and negative gaseous ions from an a.c. corona discharge ioniser. Finally it was found that enhancement by up to 40% of the dust deposited into the slowest clearing part of the respiratory tract of experimental rats was brought about by the electrostatic charge on the airborne fibres. The implications of this finding in the field of occupational hygiene are briefly discussed. PMID- 7304427 TI - Statistical analysis of aerosol deposition in nose and mouth. PMID- 7304428 TI - Prevalence, characteristics and significance of ventricular tachycardia (three or more complexes) detected with ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in the late hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. AB - A 24 hour electrocardiographic recording was performed before hospital discharge in 430 patients who survived the cardiac care unit phase of acute myocardial infarction. Fifty patients (11.6 percent) had ventricular tachycardia, that is, three or more consecutive ventricular complexes. In 25 (50 percent) of these 50 patients, there was only one episode of ventricular tachycardia and, in 15 patients (30 percent), the longest run of ventricular tachycardia was only three consecutive ventricular premature depolarizations. The average rate of tachycardia was 119/min. Tachycardia rarely started with R on T ventricular premature complexes (4 of 1,370 episodes in 50 patients). There was no difference between the groups with and without ventricular tachycardia with respect to age and sex, but the patients with tachycardia had a significantly greater prevalence of previous myocardial infarction, left ventricular failure in the cardiac care unit, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation in the cardiac care unit and significantly more frequent use of digitalis and diuretic and antiarrhythmic drugs at the time of hospital discharge. The group with tachycardia had a 38.0 percent 1 year mortality rate compared with the rate of 11.6 percent in the group without tachycardia. Ventricular tachycardia had a strong association with 1 year mortality (odds ratio = 4.7). Although ventricular tachycardia had a significantly association with many other postinfarction risk factors, it was still significantly associated with the 1 year mortality (p less than 0.05) when other important risk variables were controlled statistically using a multiple logistic regression model. The 36 month cumulative mortality rate was 54.0 percent in the group with ventricular tachycardia compared with 19.4 percent in the group without tachycardia. PMID- 7304429 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias late after aortic valve replacement and their relation to left ventricular performance. PMID- 7304430 TI - Evidence of impaired myocardial perfusion and abnormal left ventricular function during exercise in patients with isolated systolic narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery. AB - Seven men ranging in age from 35 to 63 years with a chest pain syndrome and cineangiographically documented systolic narrowing of the left anterior descending coronary artery underwent thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy and gated cardiac blood pool imaging. Grade II (50 to 75 percent) systolic coronary arterial constriction was present in three patients and grade III constriction (greater than 75 percent) in four. Three of the four patients with grade III constriction had an exercise-induced perfusion abnormality in the thallium-201 scintigram and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction response during exercise. (In two patients the left ventricular ejection fraction did not change and in one patient it decreased.) Each of the three patients with grade II constriction had normal thallium-201 perfusion and a normal increase in ejection fraction during exercise. These data provide evidence of abnormal myocardial perfusion and impaired left ventricular function during exercise in patients with high grade systolic coronary arterial narrowing. PMID- 7304431 TI - Localization of coronary artery disease with exercise electrocardiography: correlation wit thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scanning. AB - In 61 patients with single vessel coronary artery disease (70 percent or greater obstruction of luminal diameter in only one vessel) and no previous myocardial infarction, the sites of ischemic changes on 12 lead exercise electrocardiography and on thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scanning were related to the obstructed coronary artery. The site of exercise-induced S-T segment depression did not identify which coronary artery was obstructed. In the 37 patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease S-T depression was most often seen in the inferior leads and leads V4 to V6, and in the 18 patients with right coronary artery disease and in the 6 patients with left circumflex artery disease S-T depression was most often seen in leads V5 and V6. Although S-T segment elevation was uncommon in most leads, it occurred in lead V1 or a VL, or both, in 51 percent of the patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease. A reversible anterior defect on exercise thallium scanning correlated with left anterior descending coronary artery disease (probability [p] less than 0.0001) and a reversible inferior thallium defect correlated with right coronary or left circumflex artery disease (p less than 0.0001). In patients with single vessel disease, the site of S-T segment depression does not identify the obstructed coronary artery; S-T segment elevation in lead V1 or aVL, or both, identifies left anterior descending coronary artery disease; and the site of reversible perfusion defect on thallium scanning identifies the site of myocardial ischemia and the obstructed coronary artery. PMID- 7304432 TI - Effect of exercise training on the untrained limb exercise performance of men with angina pectoris. AB - This study examined the exercise capacity of trained and untrained limbs in men with angina pectoris before and after 8 weeks of arm ( n = 4) or leg (n = 7) physical training or a control (n = 4) period. Time to angina (mean +/- standard deviation) increased 3.6 +/- 2.7 minutes (p less than 0.01) during trained limb and 1.6 +/- 1.2 minutes (p less than 0.01) during untrained limb exercise. Myocardial oxygen demand at angina estimated by the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change with training. At a constant subanginal work load, rate-pressure product x 10(-2) was reduced by 35 +/- 22 (p less than 0.001) during trained limb and by 18 +/- 27 (p less than 0.05) during untrained limb exercise. The decrease in rate-pressure product with both trained and untrained limbs was greatest in subjects with the highest rate-pressure product at angina before training. Control subjects showed no change in any exercise measurement. Exercise training increases the exercise capacity of untrained limbs in patients with angina pectoris by a generalized training effect not dependent on adaptations in trained skeletal muscle. The improvement for both trained and untrained limbs results from a reduced rate-pressure product at subanginal work loads rather than from an increase in myocardial oxygen delivery. Subjects with the highest pretraining coronary arterial oxygen supply at the onset of angina benefit most from physical training. PMID- 7304433 TI - Quantitative measurement of electrical instability as a function of myocardial infarct size in the dog. AB - To investigate the relation between electrical instability and myocardial infarct size, 20 foxhounds were studied in the awake state 3 to 5 days after closed chest coronary occlusion. Programmed right ventricular stimulation was performed with use of an epicardial electrode. After six paced beats at 10 percent greater than control rate, single and then double extrastimuli were introduced, scanning from late diastole to ventricular refractoriness in steps of 10 to 20 ms. Abnormal responses observed after this provocation were repetitive ventricular response, unsustained ventricular tachycardia, sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Scores for electrical instability were determined for each dog, with higher scores assigned for more hazardous tachyarrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation greater than sustained ventricular tachycardia greater than unsustained ventricular tachycardia greater than repetitive ventricular response) and for those provokable later in diastole. An electrical instability index derived from these scores correlated well with infarct size measured with tetrazolium staining (r = 0.94). When scores were given only for the type of abnormal response elicited, excluding the effect of diastolic timing and the number of extrastimuli or vice versa, there was no significant difference in correlation with infarct size (r = 0.85 versus 0.92). Thus the results demonstrate that inducible electrical instability early after infarction is directly related to infarct size. Further, these data demonstrate the usefulness of an electrical instability index derived from the results of programmed right ventricular stimulation in assessing the severity of ischemic damage to the heart. PMID- 7304434 TI - Role of the conduction system in the endocardial excitation spread in the right ventricle. AB - The role of the Purkinje network in the excitation sequence in the endocardial surface of the right ventricle was studied using an isolated perfused canine preparation. The preparation was electrically stimulated at the proximal right bundle branch, and the activation time was mapped using contiguous bipolar electrodes or a microelectrode, or both. The earliest activation of muscle was observed at the junction between the ventricular septum and the free wall in front of the anterior papillary muscle. After the initial activation, the spread of ventricular muscle excitation in the free wall was essentially radial at a mean (+/- standard deviation) conduction velocity of 1.67 +/- 0.20 m/s. The activation of muscle in this area was almost always preceded by the activation of Purkinje fibers by 2 to 6 ms. Thus the Purkinje system was considered indispensable for the excitation spread in this area. In the lower third of the septum, the excitation sequence was essentially similar to that of the free wall, indicating a possible contribution of the fast conducting Purkinje system. In contrast, in the upper two thirds of the septum the activation of ventricular muscle spread from apex to base with a significantly delayed conduction velocity of 0.41 +/- 0.88 m/s, and it was not preceded by activation of Purkinje fibers, thus indicating the lack of involvement of the Purkinje system. Functional distribution of the anterior, posterior and lateral branches of the right bundle to the excitation spread of the right ventricular endocardial muscle was confirmed by the selective transection of one of these special conducting fibers, which suggested the etiologic significance of injury to each branch of the right bundle as a cause of various electrocardiographic patterns of incomplete right bundle branch block. PMID- 7304435 TI - Muscular ventricular septal defects repaired with left ventriculotomy. AB - Between 1974 and 1979 nine patients, aged 10 months to 4 years, underwent left ventriculotomy for closure of single or multiple defects in the muscular ventricular septum. The vertical incision paralleled the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery near the apex of the left ventricle and ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 cm in length. Four patients also had a right ventriculotomy with closure of a high perimembranous ventricular defect in two. Serial electrocardiograms indicated changes of myocardial ischemia or necrosis. Left bundle branch block did not develop in any patient. Three patients died in the early postoperative period. The six surviving patients are living and well 2 to 7 years later. There is apparent complete closure of the ventricular defects, which was documented by cardiac catheterization in four cases. Two patients had cardiomegaly and left ventricular dysfunction as assessed with echocardiographic and angiographic study, whereas four displayed good cardiac function. In three of the latter patients, cardioplegia or deep hypothermia techniques were utilized intraoperatively. The observations indicate that left ventriculotomy of limited size is an acceptable approach to the difficult problem of repair of muscular ventricular defects but may involve some risk of compromise of the coronary circulation. PMID- 7304436 TI - Relation of the echocardiographic estimate of left ventricular size to mortality in infants with severe left ventricular outflow obstruction. PMID- 7304437 TI - Correction of tetrad of Fallot with reduced incidence of right bundle branch block. AB - In 20 patients who underwent a modified surgical repair of tetrad of Fallot complete right bundle branch block developed in only 8 (40 percent). Standard and intraoperative conduction studies indicated that in these patients the right bundle branch block was due to injury of the right bundle branch near the ventricular septal defect (proximal right bundle branch block). The modified operative technique is aimed at minimizing the injury to the right ventricle and it includes a significantly shorter than usual ventriculotomy incision and avoidance of the septal (moderator) band during infundibulectomy. Intra- and postoperative hemodynamic studies of these patients revealed that relief of the right ventricular outflow obstruction was optimal. PMID- 7304438 TI - Plasma testosterone, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions. AB - High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are strongly related to risk of heart attack. Identification of determinants of high density lipoprotein cholesterol may provide important information concerning the cause of heart disease. The relation between one possible determinant, testosterone, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions was evaluated in 247 middle-aged men. The results indicate that testosterone levels (both free and total) were positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = +0.24, p less than 0.01) and negatively correlated with triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The association between testosterone and high density lipoprotein cholesterol could not be explained by intake of alcohol, obesity, age, smoking or physical activity. Furthermore, the relation of testosterone to HDL cholesterol was independent of the relation of testosterone to very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol or triglycerides. PMID- 7304439 TI - Relation between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary artery disease in asymptomatic men. AB - The well established inverse relation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and the risk of coronary artery disease was tested in a cross-sectional group of 572 asymptomatic aircrew members who were being screened for risk of coronary artery disease. A battery of tests was performed, including determinations of fasting serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and performance of a maximal symptom-limited exercise tolerance test. Of the 572 patients, 132 also had an abnormal S-T segment response to exercise testing or were otherwise believed to have an increased risk of organic heart disease and subsequently underwent coronary angiography. Significant coronary artery disease was found in 16 men and minimal or subcritical coronary disease in 14; coronary angiograms were normal in the remaining 102 men. The remaining 440 men, who were believed to have a 1 percent chance of having coronary artery disease by sequential testing of risk factors and treadmill testing, had a mean cholesterol level of 213 mg/100 ml, a mean HDL cholesterol of 51 mg/100 ml and a mean cholesterol/HDL ratio of 4.4. The mean values of cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and cholesterol/HDL cholesterol did not differ significantly in men with normal angiographic finding and those with subcritical coronary disease. However, 14 of 16 men with coronary artery disease had a cholesterol/HDL ratio of 6.0 or more whereas only 4 men with normal coronary arteries had a ratio of 6.0 or more. Of the classical coronary risk factors evaluated, the cholesterol/HDL ratio of 6.0 or more had the highest odds ratio (172:1). It appears that determination of HDL cholesterol level helps to identify asymptomatic persons with a greater risk of having coronary artery disease. PMID- 7304440 TI - Paroxysmal atrial flutter and fibrillation associated with preexcitation syndrome: treatment with ajmaline. AB - Ajmaline was administered intravenously to six patients with the Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome for the acute management of paroxysmal atrial flutter (three patients) or fibrillation (three patients) with a fast ventricular response (over the accessory pathway). Ajmaline increased refractoriness in the accessory pathway in all three patients with atrial flutter and stopped the flutter in one. The drug completely abolished preexcitation in two of the three patients with atrial fibrillation, decreasing the means ventricular rate of 240 and 300 beats/min to 110 and 180 beats/min, respectively. In the third patient with atrial fibrillation, ajmaline increased refractoriness over the accessory pathway, decreasing the mean ventricular rate of 300 beats/min to 160 beats/min. In two patients ajmaline was continued as an intravenous maintenance infusion until sinus rhythm was restored. It is concluded that ajmaline is an effective drug for the acute management of atrial flutter or fibrillation with a fast ventricular response in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7304441 TI - Effects of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine on regional metabolic responses to arm exercise in patients with heart failure. AB - The reduced exercise capacity of patients with heart failure is thought to be due in part to impaired skeletal muscle oxygen delivery. To determine if hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate improve skeletal muscle oxygen delivery in such patients, the effects of these agents on regional metabolic responses to forearm exercise were examined in 16 patients with heart failure. Arm oxygen extraction and branchial venous lactate concentration were measured at rest and during 3 minutes of rhythmic handgrip and then remeasured after administration of oral hydralazine (nine patients) or sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (nine patients). Hydralazine increased mean (+/- standard deviation) cardiac output at rest from 3.5 +/- 0.5 to 4.9 +/- 1.0 liters/min (p less than 0.01) and decreased arm oxygen extraction from 39 +/- 8 to 33 +/- 10 percent (probability [p] less than 0.01), suggesting improved resting limb oxygen delivery. However, hydralazine did not reduce arm oxygen extraction during exercise (control 63 +/- 4, hydralazine 60 +/ 12 percent; p = not significant [NS]) or venous lactate during exercise (control 16.6 +/- 7.8, hydralazine 17.1 +/- 4.8 mg/100 ml; p = NS). Isosorbide dinitrate increased the cardiac output from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 4.5 +/- 0.7 liters/min (p less than 0.01) but had no effect on arm oxygen extraction at rest (control 40 +/- 11, isosorbide dinitrate 38 +/- 11 percent; p = NS) and during exercise (control 66 +/- 5, isosorbide dinitrate 64 +/- 8 percent; p = NS) or on venous lactate during exercise (control 17.9 +/- 6.4, isosorbide dinitrate 17.1 +/- 3.9 mg/100 ml; p = NS). These data suggest that hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate do not improve skeletal muscle oxygen delivery during exercise in patients with heart failure. PMID- 7304442 TI - Provocation of myocardial ischemic events during initiation of vasodilator therapy for severe chronic heart failure. Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation of 52 consecutive patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. AB - Although hydralazine provokes myocardial ischemic events in hypertensive patients not in heart failure by producing reflex tachycardia, the frequency of and mechanisms underlying ischemic events when this drug is administered as a vasodilator agent to patients with heart failure is unknown. The responses to hydralazine in 52 consecutive patients with severe chronic heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease were reviewed. Twelve patients (23 percent) had 16 ischemic events during the initial administration of hydralazine (angina at rest in 12 and myocardial infarction in 4); these generally occurred in the absence of significant tachycardia and hypotension. Thirty-five of the 52 patients received nitroprusside (8 of whom had ischemic events with hydralazine), but this drug provoked ischemia in only 1 of the 35 although it resulted in greater decreases in systemic arterial pressure than occurred with hydralazine. In patients with ischemic event only with hydralazine, left ventricular filling pressure decreased 14.6 mm Hg with nitroprusside but only 3.9 mm Hg with hydralazine (probability [p] less than 0.01). Provocation of ischemia with hydralazine may therefore be due to the relative preservation of elevated left ventricular preload with this drug, since ischemic events are not in common with nitroprusside despite greater decreases in systemic pressures. PMID- 7304443 TI - Limitations of echocardiographic techniques in evaluation of left atrial masses. AB - Four patients with large left atrial masses documented angiographically or pathologically, or both, were studied with M mode echocardiography (four patients) and two dimensional echocardiography (three patients) within 2 to 5 days of angiographic or pathologic diagnosis. The left atrium appeared clear of echos in two patients subsequently documented to have a left atrial thrombus weighing 35 and 100 g, respectively, and located within the body of the left atrium. Definitely abnormal echoes were visualized in a third patient only in the inferior aspect of the left atrium immediately beneath the posterior root of the aorta. Subsequently, a 70 g left atrial myxoma filling almost the entire left atrium was found. In the fourth patient, who had a 125 g left atrial myxoma, the two dimensional four chamber apical view demonstrated tumor filling almost the entire left atrium. Long axis cross-sectional and M mode echocardiograms less clearly demonstrated the extent of the mass. Even large left atrial tumors located within the body of the left atrium may not be apparent or may be underestimated in size by currently available ultrasonic techniques. The relatively homogenous nature of certain masses may be, in part, responsible for the inability to visualize some of them adequately with echocardiography. PMID- 7304445 TI - Cardiolocution: the cardiologist's assault on English. PMID- 7304444 TI - Initiation of ventricular tachycardia by interpolated ventricular premature depolarizations. AB - Programmed electrical stimulation of the heart was performed in a 47 year old man with prior myocardial infarction and recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia that was refractory to standard medical therapy. The tachycardia could be provoked by regular atrial pacing at a rate of 100/min, regular ventricular pacing at the same rate and regular atrial pacing at a rate of 200/min in the presence of 2:1 atrioventricular block. All three techniques resulted in an interval of approximately 600 ms between successive ventricular depolarizations. Single interpolated ventricular premature depolarizations delivered during sinus rhythm were followed by a postextrasystolic conducted sinus beat that initiated ventricular tachycardia. However, when the same interpolated ventricular premature depolarization was followed by a ventricular fusion beat no tachycardia ensued. This study therefore emphasizes the importance of hart rate and pattern of ventricular activation in determining whether ventricular tachycardia can be provoked by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart. PMID- 7304447 TI - Exercise testing in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 7304446 TI - Is there a clinically relevant interaction between quinine and digoxin in human beings? PMID- 7304448 TI - Method for recording electrical activity of the sinoatrial node in human subjects. PMID- 7304450 TI - Intracoronary platelet adhesion. PMID- 7304449 TI - Chromonar and coronary steal. PMID- 7304451 TI - Significance of reciprocal S-T segment depression in anterior precordial leads in acute inferior myocardial infarction: concomitant left anterior descending coronary artery disease? PMID- 7304452 TI - Hemodynamic spectrum of "'dominant" right ventricular infarction in 19 patients. PMID- 7304453 TI - Time course and rate dependence of Q-T interval changes during noncomplicated acute transmural myocardial infarction in human beings. PMID- 7304454 TI - Coronary flow limitation during the development of ischemia. Effect of atrial pacing in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease. PMID- 7304455 TI - Postprandial alterations in cardiovascular hemodynamics in autonomic dysfunction states. AB - The effect of food ingestion of supine blood pressure was assessed during 25 studies in 10 subjects with autonomic dysfunction. Profound decreases in both systolic and diastolic pressure occurred. The mean (+/- standard error of the mean) maximal reduction in systolic blood pressure for the entire group was 49 +/ 6 mm Hg (range 22 to 98). The response also occurred in hypertensive subject after surgical sympathectomy and during alpha adrenergic blockade and hence appears to be a general phenomenon when sympathetic vasoconstrictor function is impaired. The depressor effect of food ingestion was enhanced by propranolol, attenuated by indomethacin and unaffected by diphenhydramine and cimetidine. The phenomenon is thus not explained by histamine release, and can only partly be accounted for by release of arachidonic acid metabolites. Evidence that insulin may play a role in the phenomenon is discussed. Manipulation of diet may prove to be an important adjunct in the management of patients with autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 7304456 TI - Reduction in infarct size by synchronized selective coronary venous retroperfusion of arterialized blood. AB - The effectiveness of selective synchronized pulsatile coronary venous retroperfusion for the temporary metabolic support of a region of acutely ischemic myocardium has previously been demonstrated. This study was designed to determine the degree of reduction in ultimate infarct size that may be achieved when coronary venous retroperfusion initiated early after coronary occlusion is combined with later anterograde reperfusion. In 10 baboons, the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 4 hours at which time anterograde reperfusion was restored. In five baboons (Group A), coronary venous retroperfusion was initiated 15 minutes after occlusion. Five baboons (Group B) underwent an identical procedure without coronary venous retroperfusion. Epicardial electrograms were recorded from 24 sites overlying the ischemic region. At 24 hours, hearts were excised and serial transverse sections of the left ventricle were stained with nitroblue tetrazolium for stereometric determination of infarct size. In Group A 12 +/- 5.4 percent (mean +/- standard error of the mean) of epicardial sites with S-T segment elevation at 15 minutes after occlusion showed subsequent Q waves, compared with 96 +/- 2.3 percent in Group B (p less than 0.01). In Group A 4.8 +/- 1.7 percent of the left ventricular mass was infarcted, compared with 30.6 +/- 4.2 percent in Group B (p less than 0.01). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of coronary venous retroperfusion in preserving ischemic myocardium such that anterograde reperfusion resulted in a mean reduction of 84 percent in ultimate infarct size. PMID- 7304457 TI - Effects of aminophylline in the conscious dog after coronary occlusion. AB - The effects of aminophylline were examined in 19 conscious dogs subjected to coronary arterial occlusion. Measurements were made of left ventricular pressure and its first derivative (dP/dt), segment length and the velocity of segment length shortening in normal an severely ischemic zones. Regional blood flow was measured in these zones using the radioactive microsphere technique. Coronary occlusion increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular end diastolic pressure but did not change left ventricular systolic pressure or dP/dt significantly. It also resulted in increased end-diastolic segment length and reduced segment length shortening (114 +/- 6 percent, that is, paradoxical bulging) associated with marked reduction of blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Aminophylline, 1 mg/kg per min for 9 to 15 minutes administered after occlusion, increased heart rate 6 +/- 2 beats/min, mean arterial pressure 5 +/- 1 mm Hg, left ventricular systolic pressure 9 +/- 2 mm Hg and left ventricular dP/dt 670 +/- 50 mm Hg/s while reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by 3.4 +/- 0.3 mm Hg. In severely ischemic zones aminophylline increased transmural blood flow by 21 +/- 8.0 percent (p less than 0.02), reduced end-diastolic segment length by 0.23 +2- 0.05 mm (p less than 0.01) and reduced paradoxical bulging by 0.15 +/- 0.06 mm (p less than 0.02). Thus, in the presence of coronary arterial occlusion, aminophylline increased mean arterial pressure, left ventricular dP/dt and heart rate while reducing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In severely ischemic myocardium aminophylline appeared to exert a salutary effect and improved both regional perfusion and function. PMID- 7304458 TI - Quantification of left to right cardiac shunts by multiple deconvolution analysis. AB - A new method for quantification of left to right cardiac shunts was studied in 17 patients scheduled for cardiac catheterization who had also undergone radionuclide angiocardiography. The observed pulmonary transit curve was deconvoluted in two different ways: (1) by the superior vena caval ("bolus") time activity curve, to yield the deconvoluted pulmonary transit curve, which represented the theoretical pulmonary transit curve with a perfect bolus injection, and (2) by the right ventricular time-activity curve, to yield the pulmonary transfer function, which represented the theoretical pulmonary transit curve with a perfect bolus injection an with no intracardiac shunts. The pulmonary transfer function was superimposed on the deconvoluted pulmonary transit curve, and the area A under it obtained. The pulmonary transfer function was then subtracted from the deconvoluted pulmonary transit curve. The pulmonary transfer function was scaled to fit the resulting shunt recirculation peak in the difference curve, and the area B under this scaled pulmonary transfer function obtained. Shunt size was quantified as the pulmonary (QP) to systemic (QS) flow ration QP/QS = A/(A-B). The method correlated closely with oximetry (r = 0.93). Use of this multiple deconvolution analysis technique provides accurate shunt quantification and reduces subjective operator decisions. PMID- 7304459 TI - Congenital complete atrioventricular block: clinical and electrophysiologic predictors of need for pacemaker insertion. AB - Because of initial Adams-Stokes attack in the patient with congenital complete atrioventricular (A-V) block may sometimes prove fatal, there is a need to be able to identify the patient at great risk of having such attacks. Twenty-four children with congenital complete A-V block were followed up for 1 to 19 years to determine the efficacy of current methods of predicting risk for Adams-Stokes syncope and the usefulness of pacemaker therapy in relieving symptoms. The heart rate at rest, configuration of surface electrocardiographic complexes, data obtained during intracardiac electrophysiologic study and response to graded treadmill exercise testing were compared in children with and without syncope. One or more Adams-Stokes episodes were experienced by eight children, one of whom died. Only a persistent heart rate at rest of 50 beats/min or less demonstrated any significant (probability [p] less than 0.01) correlation with the incidence of syncope. Intracardiac electrophysiologic study was of little benefit because of site of block did not correlate with syncope. Although the increase in heart rate during treadmill exercise testing showed no correlation with prevalence of syncope or location of block, exercise-induced ventricular ectopic beats may have predictive value in older children and young adults. Ventricular pacemakers were implanted in 10 children. Each child was asymptomatic over a 1 to 10 year follow up period. Because extreme bradycardia may contribute to the prevalence of Adams- Stokes attacks in children with congenital complete A-V block, careful evaluation of heart rate at rest may be an effective means of differentiating patients at risk of syncope. Pacemaker therapy is a feasible and effective method of treatment in young children and relieves symptoms PMID- 7304460 TI - Left isomerism and complete atrioventricular block: a report of six cases. AB - Six children, aged 12 days to 13 years, with left isomerism and complete atrioventricular (A-V) block are presented. In all six patients the diagnosis of left isomerism was suggested by an interrupted inferior vena cava found during cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography; four patients had complex heart disease consisting of endocardial cushion defect, five had a common atrium, three had pulmonary stenosis, three had patient ductus arteriosus and two had dextrocardia. Further anatomic abnormalities included situs inversus of the viscera (four patients) as well as partial malrotation of the bowel. Of the six patients, four had congenital complete A-V block, whereas the remaining two had A V conduction disturbances documented during early infancy that progressed to complete A-V block later in life. All six patients required pacemaker implantation and five of the six patients died. This report discusses the clinical presentation of complete AV block and left isomerism and reviews the literature. PMID- 7304461 TI - Suppression of resistant ventricular arrhythmias by twice daily dosing with flecainide. PMID- 7304462 TI - Quinidine-digoxin interaction: time course and pharmacokinetics. AB - The time course of the rise in serum digoxin concentration was followed in 18 patients treated with digoxin as quinidine treatment was started with a loading dose. The mean serum digoxin levels rose significantly during the first 24 hours after administration of quinidine was begun, and reached a new steady state concentration after about 48 hours. Digoxin kinetics were studied in two groups of normal volunteers: Group 1 (n = 7) received a small dose of quinidine, 800 mg/day, and group II (n = 8) received 1,600 mg/day. There was no significant mean change in the apparent volume of distribution of digoxin in either group. In group I (small dose), quinidine reduced the digoxin clearance values: total clearance by 30 percent, renal clearance by 32 percent and nonrenal clearance by 29 percent. In group II (large dose), quinidine reduced digoxin total clearance by 36 percent, renal clearance by 54 percent and nonrenal clearance by 22 percent. The reduction in digoxin volume of distribution and renal clearance during quinidine treatment were a function of the serum quinidine concentration. The change in nonrenal clearance of digoxin was independent of serum quinidine concentration. PMID- 7304463 TI - Two dimensional echocardiographic diagnosis of aortic dissection. AB - The usefulness of two dimensional echocardiography in establishing the diagnosis of aortic dissection was evaluated. Forty-two patients were referred for study; 15 had a dissection and 27 did not. Two dimensional echocardiography detected the intimal flap in 12 of 15 patients with a dissection, the three false negative studies were in patients with a localized dissection. There was one false positive study in the 27 patients who did not have a dissection. PMID- 7304464 TI - Ventricular fibrillation complicating temporary ventricular pacing in acute myocardial infarction: significance of right ventricular infarction. AB - Five patients with acute myocardial infarction had ventricular fibrillation as a complication of indicated temporary pacing. All five patients had evidence of right ventricular infarction (three patients with postmortem confirmation). The presence of right ventricular infarction seems to be a contributing mechanism involved in the induction of ventricular fibrillation during temporary pacing for bradyarrhythmia complicating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7304465 TI - Implications of precordial S-T segment depression in acute inferior myocardial infarction. PMID- 7304466 TI - Prognostic significance of systolic time intervals after recovery from myocardial infarction. PMID- 7304467 TI - Control of the secretory cell cycle in cat oviduct by estradiol and progesterone. AB - The control of the secretory cell cycle by estradiol and progesterone in the oviduct of the cat was studied using light and electron microscopy. The epithelium in ovariectomized animals was cuboidal with no evidence of secretory activity. Estradiol treatment induced hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and the differentiation of both secretory and ciliated cells. Differentiation of the secretory cell included the development of an extensive area of basal rough endoplasmic reticulum and a large supranuclear Golgi region. Apical secretory granules were already present after 3 days of estradiol treatment, and after 4 to 5 days maximum hypertrophy and differentiation had occurred. Most cells contained several apical electron-dense granules; however, no large accumulation of granules in any one cell was ever observed. Occasional release of secretory product by exocytosis occurred during chronic treatment with estradiol. Rapid elevation of the serum levels of estradiol or progesterone by means of IV injection did not enhance exocytosis or result in any ultrastructural alterations. The chronic administration of progesterone to estradiol-primed animals resulted in rapid cell atrophy, dedifferentiation, and death (apoptosis) within the epithelium of the oviduct. Secretory granules were no longer observed after 2 days of estradiol and progesterone treatment, and after 7 days the epithelium was approximately the same height as that measured in ovariectomized animals. These data illustrate that estradiol induces the differentiation and maintains the mature state of the secretory cell within the oviductal epithelium of the cat, and that progesterone has an immediate antiestrogenic effect on these cells. This study also suggests that the secretory product is released gradually, as the granules form and mature during chronic estradiol administration. PMID- 7304468 TI - Lymphopoiesis in the chicken pineal gland. AB - Pineal lymphoid development was studied in two breeds of chickens from hatching until sexual maturity. No lymphocytes were found in the pineal prior to 9 days of age (da). Lymphocytes migrate through the endothelium of venules into the pineal stroma. Lymphoid tissue reached its maximal accumulation in 32-da pineal glands of both breeds. At this age, the New Hampshire (NH) breed had a larger proportion of lymphoid volume to total pineal volume (32%) than did pineal glands from White Leghorn (WL) chickens (18%). Averaged over the period 23 to 62 da, NH chickens (a heavy breed) had a lymphoid volume (0.753 mm 3) that was about three times greater (P less than 0.05) than that of the lighter WL breed (0.251 mm 3). Lymphocytes are able to enter cerebrospinal fluid form lymphoid accumulations (LA) embedded in the choroid plexus by migrating between choroid ependymal cells. The 122-da chickens typically lacked lymphoid tissue in the pineal gland with the exception of occasional LA contained in capsular tissue. Surgical bursectomy, thymectomy, or their combination at hatching followed with whole-body irradiation (IR) at 24 hours postsurgery inhibited the initial influx of lymphocytes usually seen in 9-da pineal glands. Also, these treatments prevented formation of germinal centers normally found in the pineal at 3 and 5 weeks and reduced total pineal volume at each age examined. However, pineal lymphoid volume of the surgical-IR group did not differ from control-IR chickens at either 3 or 5 weeks. Pineal glands from birds made agammaglobulinemic (bursa-cell depleted) by cyclophosphamide treatment in ovo were devoid of germinal centers, although thin strands of lymphocytes were usually found along venous sinuses. These dissociation studies suggest that the normal expression of lymphoid tissue in the chicken pineal gland is dependent on the bursa and thymus. Furthermore, these observations indicate that the pineal gland should be considered a functional component of the chicken's lymphomyeloid complex. PMID- 7304469 TI - Morphodynamics of outgrowths of mouse trophoblast in the presence and absence of a monolayer of uterine epithelium. AB - Mouse blastocysts were cultured in the presence and absence of a confluent uterine, luminal, epithelial monolayer in order to assess (10 comparative developmental abilities and (2) the existence and nature of embryo-uterine intercellular contacts. Embryonic development and mural trophoblast outgrowth were examined by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and by time-lapse cinematography. The results demonstrate that cultured mouse blastocysts are capable of development that is essentially equivalent to the early egg cylinder stage in the presence and absence of a uterine epithelial substratum. Penetration of the endometrium and displacement of uterine luminal epithelial cell in vivo is paralleled in vitro by the displacement of uterine cells from the advancing edge of outgrowing mural trophoblast. The ability of mural trophoblast to continue to outgrow and displace uterine cells persists for a finite period of time. The findings are discussed with respect ot (1) the nature of embryo-uterine contact in vivo and (2) mechanisms proposed to explain trophoblastic displacement of uterine luminal epithelial cells during normal implantation. PMID- 7304470 TI - Innervation of the thymus gland by brain stem and spinal cord in mouse and rat. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) projections to the thymus were studied in the mouse and rat using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-retrograde transport method. With discrete HRP injections localized to the thymus, labeled neurons are evident in both medulla and spinal cord. In the medulla the largest population of labeled neurons is present in the retrofacial nucleus. Within this cytoarchitectonically distinct nucleus, the majority of neurons are labeled with large HRP injections in the thymus. In addition to retrofacial nucleus, scattered labeled neurons are found throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus ambiguus and in the dorsal medullary tegmentum adjacent to the dorsal motor vagus nucleus. With HRP injections restricted to thymus parenchyma, no labeled neurons are evident in the dorsal motor vagus nucleus. Three groups of spinal cord neurons are labeled. In segments C2-C4, neurons localized to the ventral horn are labeled in two distinct columns, one located lying laterally in the ventral horn and the other located medially. Labeling of neurons in these segments is distinct from that of large motor neurons located medially in the ventral horn extending from the level of the decussation of the pyramids through the C1 segment. The location and sizes of neurons labeled in these areas following HRP injection in the thymus are identical in the mouse and rat. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from spinal cord and brain stem to the thymus which may play an important role in the regulation of thymic function. PMID- 7304471 TI - Cationized ferritin binding to anionic surfaces in normal and aminonucleoside nephrotic kidneys. AB - The distribution and effects of polycationized ferritin (PCF) bound ot anionic sites on living plasmalemmas and basal laminae of normal and puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic (PAN) kidneys were studied using an in vitro model system. Immersion of normal glomeruli in physiological saline solutions containing low concentrations of PCF (0.01 to 0.1 mg/ml) for 10 seconds results in preferential binding of PCF to microvillous projections on the glomerular epithelium (i.e., podocytes). Exposure to higher concentrations of PCF (1.0 mg/ml) for 10 seconds results in several layers of PCF distributed evenly over the urinary aspect of epithelial podocytes. In these short treatment times, the thin slit diaphragms which span the filtration slits appear to be impermeable to PCF. Within several minutes after PCF treatment, ferritin is found within caveolae on the surface of epithelial podocytes and within numerous pinosomes and larger endocytic vesicles within these cells. Longer treatment with PCF results in the narrowing of filtration slit spaces and the formation of junctions between adjacent podocyte foot processes. Occurringg coincident with these structural changes is a gradual accumulation of PCF in regular patches along the lamina rara externa (LRE) of the glomerular basement membrane. Loss of foot processes and accumulation of PCF in the LRE are prevented by treatment with either cytochalasin B (25 micro g/ml), D (2 micro g/ml) or incubation at low temperatures (0-4 degrees C). When PCF-coated glomeruli are incubated in PCF-free media, the ferritin coat is shed form the free surfaces within 1/2 to 1 hour except at the tips and sides of microvillous projections. Pretreatment of normal glomeruli with neuraminidase or protamine sulfate results in a dramatic reduction in the binding of PCF to the glomerular epithelial free surface. Treatment of PAN glomeruli with PCF often results in patchlike distributions of PCF over the glomerular epithelial free surface. High concentrations of PCF (1.0 mg/ml) bind preferentially to microvillous projections on the parietal epithelial luminal surface and in distinct patchlike patterns along the basal laminae of parietal and tubular epithelial cells. PMID- 7304472 TI - Differentiation of the Blastocyst of the rhesus monkey. AB - A method of flushing the oviduct and/or uterus of rhesus monkeys was used to obtain a number of preimplantation stages, of which four cleavage stages and seven blastocysts that were judged to be normal were studied cytologically using transmission electron microscopy. In addition to the usual changes in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum that accompany differentiation of the blastomeres, the blastocysts with zonae showed sequestration of areas of cytoplasm. The first indications of junctional complexes were short stretches of parallel membrane with a slightly increased density found in the morula stage. Blastocysts developed typical apical junctional complexes, but in addition showed extensive gap junctions linking trophoblast and inner cell mass, and epiblast and differentiating endoderm. Endodermal differentiation occurred at about the same time that a basal lamina was found under mural trophoblast and epiblast (but not polar trophoblast or endoderm). Enlarged torn zonae were found in association with one blastocyst and unaccompanied by blastocysts, including a case in which the animal subsequently prove to be pregnant. This observation suggests that hatching is a normal feature of zonal escape in this species. The trophoblast of blastocysts without zonae had well-formed apical absorptive areas and, in some instances, long irregular microvilli in the area near the inner cell mass. Cell debris, vacuoles containing debris and isolated cells, although variable, were common features of the preimplantation stage in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 7304473 TI - Osteoclast cell-surface specializations and nuclear kinetics during egg-laying in Japanese quail. AB - Medullary bone deposits serve as a reservoir of labile calcium for egg-shell calcification in birds. Quantitative transmission-electron-microscope methods and light-microscope autoradiographic cell-population-kinetic analyses were used to determine changes in cell-surface specializations and population dynamics of medullary bone osteoclasts during egg-laying in Japanese quail. Prior to egg shell formation, from 0 to about 8 hours after the previous oviposition, very few osteoclast profiles had ruffled borders. The appearance of ruffled borders coincided with the beginning of egg-shell calcification, about 9-10 hours after the previous oviposition. During egg-shell calcification, about 10-21 hours after the previous oviposition, most osteoclast profiles had ruffled borders. Ruffled borders disappeared at the completion of egg-shell calcification and commencement of egg-shell pigmentation. Thus, functional activities of medullary bone osteoclasts appear to be closely synchronized with egg-shell calcification during egg-laying. From 1 to 48 hours after a single injection of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR), very few labeled osteoclast nuclei were seen during egg-laying. Following multiple injections of 3H-TdR, the percentage of labeled nuclei reached a peak at about 170 hours after the first injection. At this peak-labeling time, relatively few of the osteoclast profiles that had labeled nuclei had two or more; although the average number of nuclei per osteoclast profile was about 3.6. These kinetic data suggest that the medullary bone osteoclast population has a prolonged rate of turnover compared to rapid changes in cell activities associated with each 24 hour egg-laying cycle; and collectively they would suggest that rapid changes in osteoclast functions occur independently of changes in cell-population dynamics. PMID- 7304474 TI - Influences of age and vasopressin on the uptake capacity of fluorescent granular perithelial cells (FGP) of small cerebral vessels of the rat. AB - Fluorescent granular perithelial cells (FGP) were found in the perivascular space around fine cerebral blood vessels. Their profiles and intracellular inclusions varied with the age of the animals. The FGP are able to take up exogenous substances administered intraventricularly. With light and electron microscopy, the relation between the uptake capacity of FGP and the aging of animals was studied using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The effects of vasopressin on the uptake of HRP also were examined. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) The uptake capacity of FGP diminished with aging, that is, the reaction product of administered HRP was found abundantly in FGP in young rats, while it was sparse in the FGP of old rats and 2) vasopressin increased the incorporation of HRP into the FGP of both young and old rats. The possible role of vasopressin in modulating the uptake capacity of FGP is considered, and the difference between FGP and other perivascular cells are discussed. PMID- 7304475 TI - Scanning electron microscope studies of the auditory papillae of some iguanid lizards. AB - The papillae basilares of 16 species (10 general) of iguanid lizards were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Variations in the surface structures of the auditory papillae showed the following major differences: 1)papillae with localization of the unidirectional hair cells at the apical end of the papilla (anolis carolinensis); 2)papillae with absence or loss of a portion of the apical bidirectional hair-cell segment (Basiliscus basiliscus); 3)papillae with a central, short ciliated, unidirectional hair-cell segment, and 3-6 irregular rows of long-ciliated bidirectional hair cells located in the apical and basal regions (Iguana iguana, Crotaphytus collaris, C. wislizeni, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, Sauromalus obesus); 4)papillae in which the apical and basal bidirectional hair cell segments are reduced to two rows of hair cells (Sceloporus occidentalis, S. clarki, S. orcutti, S. jarrovi, S. undulatus, S. magister, Callisaurus draconoides, Uta stansburiana). The above differences in auditory papilla structure agree closely with other anatomical differences that delineate iguanid assemblages. Thus the species in the four groups above fall respectively into the following iguanid groups: 1)anolines, 2)basiliscines, 3)iguanines, and 4)sceloporines. PMID- 7304476 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the normal and denervated limb regenerate in the newt, Notophthalmus, including observations on embryonic amphibia limb-bud mesenchyme and blastemas of fish-fin regenerates. AB - The present work deals with the morphology of normal and denervated early limb regenerates in the newt and compares them with early limb-bud mesenchyme and blastemas of fish-fin regenerates using the three-dimensional properties of the SEM. It shows that blastemal cells are polymorphic, in contrast to those of the stump-cell population, which are fairly homogeneous and from which blastema cells are said to arise by "dedifferentiation." The appearance of cells had not changed by two days following denervation even though previous biochemical studies have detected many changes in metabolism. Longterm denervation (7 days) did result in morphological changes. A comparison between well-known cell types-myoblasts, Schwann cells, osteoblasts observed in vitro, limb-bud mesenchyme and mesenchymatous fin blastema-was carried out in order to suggest explanations for the blastema-cell polymorphism. PMID- 7304477 TI - Vitamin D status and bone histomorphometry in gross obesity. AB - Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and bone histomorphometry were investigated in 24 grossly obese subjects. The mean plasma 25OHD concentration was significantly lower in the obese group than in age-matched, healthy controls. Subnormal values were found in four obese subjects and in a further two subjects, who were investigated at the end of the summer, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were at the lower end of the normal winter range. Bone histology was abnormal in two patients. In one, mild osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism were present while in the other patient the appearance suggested increased bone turnover, possibly as a result of healing osteomalacia. We conclude that gross obesity is associated with an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, probably because of reduced exposure to uv radiation. Histological evidence of metabolic bone disease may also occur. Preoperative vitamin D deficiency may contribute in some patients to the development of metabolic bone disease after intestinal bypass. PMID- 7304478 TI - Serum and hair concentrations of copper during pregnancy. AB - Serum and hair concentration of copper were measured in 28 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women at 20 to 22 wk gestation (2nd trimester), 36 to 37 wk gestation (3rd trimester), and 3 days postpartum. The serum copper concentration in pregnant women was approximately twice (1.71 to 1.79 micrograms/ml) the normal nonpregnant values (0.98 micrograms/ml). These high levels persisted throughout pregnancy and early postpartum. The mean concentration of serum copper in maternal serum was about five times those in umbilical cord blood (0.33 microgram/ml) and a strong relationship was noted between maternal and cord copper concentration. Hair copper levels were similar in pregnant and nonpregnant subjects. No significant relationship was noted between serum and hair copper concentrations. Serum copper levels were higher and hair copper concentration was lower in primigravida. Previous history of oral contraceptive usage and alcohol intake during pregnancy had no effect on serum or hair copper levels. The effect of smoking was not consistent and showed a significant lowering effect on serum copper values only in the 2nd trimester. The 3rd trimester levels of hair copper and serum copper demonstrated a significant correlation with neonatal weight and head circumference, respectively. Further studies are indicated to understand the implication of such changes in copper metabolism. PMID- 7304479 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on copper and cholesterol in adult cynomolgus monkeys fed a diet marginal in copper. AB - The effects of prolonged consumption of high levels of dietary ascorbic acid on copper metabolism and cholesterol in adult monkeys fed a diet low or marginal in copper were investigated. Small reductions in serum copper and in serum ceruloplasmin levels were observed when high levels of ascorbic acid were fed. During the period of copper depletion there was a gradual but significant (p less than 0.001) increase in serum cholesterol. The level of ascorbic acid supplementation had no effect during this phase. When copper was added back to the diet, serum cholesterol levels leveled off or declined in the monkeys receiving the low (1 mg/day/kg body weight) dose of ascorbic acid. Cholesterol levels continued to increase in the group receiving the higher ascorbic acid supplement (25 mg/day/kg body weight). These data suggest that high levels of ascorbic acid supplementation may make dietary copper relatively unavailable for regulating cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 7304480 TI - Acute effects of alcohol on plasma ascorbic acid in healthy subjects. AB - The acute effects of ethanol on plasma ascorbic acid were assessed in healthy subjects. After the ingestion of 2.0 g ascorbic acid and breakfast, plasma ascorbic acid rose from a fasting concentration of 7.5 +/- 0.8 ng/ml at 0900 h. to a peak of 26.9 +/- m 2.0 ng/ml at 1500 h. When 35 g ethanol was ingested with ascorbic acid and breakfast, plasma ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly lower for at least 24 h. PMID- 7304481 TI - The relationship of the urinary ascorbate metabolites to specific levels of ascorbate supplementation in the monkey. AB - This study was designed to investigate urinary ascorbic acid (AA) and its metabolites derived from (1-14C) AA administered to trained monkeys fed different levels of ascorbate for extended periods of time. A chromatographic procedure was developed which rapidly separates the urinary compounds into four major fractions with minimal degradation. The distribution of 14C in the four peaks was dependent upon the ascorbate nutritional status of the monkey and remained constant for at least 30 days postlabel. The two major fractions were identified as oxalate and unmetabolized ascorbate. The ascorbate metabolites in the two minor fractions have not been identified. In monkeys maintained on low ascorbate intakes, unmetabolized ascorbate accounted for 10 to 20% and oxalate 25 to 48% of the urinary 14C. The average percentages of 14C in the urine of monkeys fed high levels of ascorbate were 75% for ascorbate and 7% for oxalate. The urine also contained an ascorbate metabolite which degraded during storage and/or chromatography, yielding 14CO2. Ascorbate sulfate was not detected as a urinary metabolite. PMID- 7304482 TI - Changes in tissue folates accompanying nitrous oxide-induced inactivation of vitamin B12 in the rat. AB - The anesthetic gas, nitrous oxide, oxidizes cob(I)alamin and thus inactivates methionine synthetase which requires cobalamin as a coenzyme. The effect on folates in liver, kidney, marrow, plasma, and brain in rats breathing a 1/1 nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture is described. There is loss of folate from tissues, most marked in liver, that affects folate polyglutamates to a greater extent than folate monoglutamates. Both methyl- and nonmethyl-analogues are affected. There is a transient rise in the levels of 5-methyltetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate in all tissues 8 h after starting nitrous oxide, which falls thereafter. In marrow and brain there is also a transient rise in methyltetrahydropteroylmonoglutamate. Plasma folate increased markedly throughout the period of exposure to nitrous oxide. It is suggested that these changes are due to the action of nitrous oxide in depressing tissue uptake of folate from plasma, in promoting loss of folate into urine and in inhibiting folate polyglutamate synthesis. PMID- 7304483 TI - Recovery of tissue folates after inactivation of cobalamin by nitrous oxide. The significance of dietary folate. AB - The anesthetic gas, nitrous oxide (N2O), oxidizes the cobalt moiety in the vitamin B12 molecule and in this way inactivates methionine synthetase which requires reduced cobalamin. In rats this is followed by a disappearance of folates from the tissues, this loss being most marked in the liver. Returning the animals to a normal atmosphere leads to restoration of most of the pre-N2O folate levels within 5 days. The plasma folate, which rises on exposure to N2O, falls within several hours. The restoration of tissue folates does not take place if the rats are placed on a low folate diet after withdrawal from an N2O environment. Thus the fall in tissue folate levels is due to loss from the body either by excretion or increased catabolism and not to redistribution of folate. Return of normal folate levels requires a dietary source of folate. PMID- 7304484 TI - Evidence regarding the minimal daily requirement of dietary vitamin B12. AB - The minimal daily requirement of dietary vitamin B12 is defined as that amount which must be ingested in the diet to prevent the occurrence of megaloblastosis, anemia, or other manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency. An attempt has been made to define this requirement by studying hematological responses to varying amounts of the vitamin in five south Indian subjects with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (one due to gastric atrophy and four due to dietary deficiency). Amounts ranging from 0.07 to 0.25 micrograms of dietary vitamin B12 were shown to be inadequate but amounts ranging from 0.3 to 0.65 microgram were adequate or possibly more than adequate. It is concluded that the minimal daily requirement of dietary vitamin B12 for the average south Indian adult is in the region of 0.5 microgram/day and that an intake of 1.0 microgram/day would cover the needs of the vast majority of the population and allow a wide margin of safety. PMID- 7304485 TI - Effect of guar gum on blood lipids. AB - The effect of guar gum in capsule form on serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein cholesterol (very low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins) was studied in healthy volunteers in this double-blind study. Twenty-four subjects equally divided into treatment and placebo groups, received 9.0 g/day of guar and glucose in 600 mg identical capsules, respectively, for 4 wk under conditions of constant body weight and dietary stability. Guar significantly lowered serum total cholesterol (16.6% p less than 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (25.6% p less than 0.05) but had no significant effect (p less than 0.05) on serum triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and very low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were seen in blood lipids in the placebo group. PMID- 7304486 TI - Reduction of postprandial plasma glucose by Bengal gram dal (Cicer arietinum) and rajmah (Phaseolus vulgaris). AB - Postprandial plasma glucose levels were measured in six healthy subjects at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after taking 50 g of carbohydrate in the form of wheat, rice, bengal gram dal (channa dal), and rajmah (red kidney beans) and compared with the plasma glucose values obtained after taking 50 g dextrose. Bangal gram dal and rajmah, when compared with dextrose, were found to be more effective in reducing postprandial plasma glucose levels than wheat and rice. Moreover, the mean peak rise in plasma glucose was decreased by 82.1% with bengal gram dal, 67% with rajmah, while wheat and rice showed reduction only by 25 and 16%, respectively, when compared with dextrose. This study suggests a reappraisal of the diet for diabetics. PMID- 7304487 TI - Association of diet and place of birth with stomach cancer incidence in Hawaii Japanese and Caucasians. AB - Stomach cancer incidence rates were compared among four groups: Japanese in Japan, Japanese in Hawaii, Caucasians in Hawaii, and all American whites. The highest rates at all ages occurred in the Japan Japanese, followed next by the Hawaii Japanese. Hawaii Caucasians tended to have similar age-specific rates to American whites in general. When the Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii were divided by place of birth, the Japanese migrants to Hawaii had higher age adjusted incidence rates than the Japanese born in Hawaii, while the Caucasian migrants to Hawaii (chiefly from the United States mainland) had lower rates than the Caucasians born in Hawaii. Examination of dietary data in relation to the place-of-birth-specific incidence rates showed positive association of stomach cancer with consumption of rice, pickled vegetables, and dried/salted fish, and a negative association with vitamin C intake. The results are consistent with the particular hypothesis that stomach cancer is caused by endogenous nitrosamine formation from dietary precursors, and that vitamin C may protect against the disease. PMID- 7304488 TI - Single dose piperazine therapy for Ascaris lumbricoides: an unsuccessful method of promoting growth. AB - One-hundred eighty-five Bangladeshi children age 1 1/2 to 8 yr with no Ascaris lumbricoides infection or with light, moderate, or heavy infection were randomly assigned to treatment of placebo groups, with treatment given in a double-blind fashion. The groups were comparable for nutritional and socioeconomic parameters. Treatment consisted of a single dose of piperazine citrate administered twice within a 2-wk period. The cure rates for the low, moderate, and heavy A. lumbricoides infected subgroups were 53, 31, and 36%, respectively. With more severe infections, worm eradication was more difficult and the rate of reinfection after treatment was more rapid. The rate of reinfection was significantly different for the low A. lumbricoides infected treatment and placebo subgroups for 5 months after treatment, for the moderate treatment and placebo subgroups for 3 months after treatment, and for the heavy A. lumbricoides infected treatment and placebo subgroups there was a difference, although not significant, for 1 month after treatment. Anthropometric measurements were obtained for a period of 11 months. Analysis of covariance revealed no significant difference for change of weight, change of height, weight-for age, weight-for-height, height-for-age, triceps skinfold, midarm circumference, and the abdominal girth to chest circumference ratio between the treatment and placebo groups after drug administration. The results of this study do not support single dose worm therapy as a means to enhance growth. PMID- 7304489 TI - Content of trans-octadecenoic acid in vegetarian and normal diets in Sweden, analyzed by the duplicate portion technique. AB - The intake of trans fatty acids by subjects adhering to the normal Swedish diet or to different vegetarian regimes was studied, using chemical analysis of duplicate portions. Trans-octadecenoic acid was 5.0, 3.9, and 1.8% of dietary fatty acid in the normal, lactovegetarian, and vegan diets, respectively, corresponding to 2.0, 1.3, and 0.5% of energy intake. The results are related to the content of trans-octadecenoic acid in some edible fats. PMID- 7304490 TI - Utilization of family characteristics in nutritional classification of preschool children. AB - Methodologies useful in classifying preschool children into nutritional categories are presented and evaluated with respect to classification accuracy. The methodologies are illustrated with data from a study conducted by the National Nutrition Council of the Philippines on the relationships of family characteristics and preschool children's nutritional levels. We have demonstrated that reasonably good classification ability can be achieved with rather simple statistical methodologies. PMID- 7304491 TI - Nutritional anthropometry and mortality risk. PMID- 7304492 TI - The role of vitamin E in the nutrition of premature infants. PMID- 7304493 TI - Pectin and serum cholesterol levels. PMID- 7304494 TI - Intestinal fat digestion, absorption, and transport. PMID- 7304495 TI - Acupuncture and homeostasis: physiological, physical (postural) and psychological. AB - When the subject of homeostasis is discussed, one automatically thinks of physiological homeostasis, in particular such things as fluid and electrolyte balance, and the maintenance of body temperature, blood pressure and blood sugar, etc. In fact, two other concepts of homeostasis exist in the literature, namely physical or postural homeostasis, and also psychological homeostasis. The former applies to the situation where the line of gravity of the body in the erect posture passes in the frontal or coronal plane directly through the center of the axis of the atlanto-occipital, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle joints. Only a very small proportion of people attain this ideal balanced posture. Psychological homeostasis refers to emotional control or tranquility. It has been stated that the biological function of human emotion is primarily homeostatic. Repression is a homeostatic mechanism. Evidence is presented to show that a feedback type of relationship probably exists between these forms of homeostasis, and any of the body-mind type of therapies (including acupuncture and T'ai chi ch'uan) thus have a three-fold effect on man, i.e. on his physiology, his posture and his mind. PMID- 7304496 TI - Oriental medicine: a computerized study of complex recipes and their components: analysis of recipes intended to cure certain diseases. AB - A complex computer study was undertaken to find the plants playing the major role in recipes intended to cure specific diseases. Ten groups of recipes were investigated and the most frequently occurring plants were identified as the "nucleus" of the complex recipes. These important plants have different actions from one another and many others occurring possess tonic properties. PMID- 7304497 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies on the mechanism of cardiovascular effects of Wu-Chu Yu (Evodiae fructus). AB - The effects of the Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu (Evodiae fructus) on the cardiovascular function were assessed in anesthetized cats, conscious rats, and isolated preparations of rat aortic strip and auricle. In anesthetized cats, intravenous administration of alcohol-water crude extracts of Wu-Chu-Yu (0.03-0.24 g/kg) produced a dose-dependent hypertension and an increased contractile force of nictitating membrane which lasted for more than 5 min in higher doses. Phentolamine, but not tetraethylammonium antagonized hypertension and the increased contractile force of nictitating membrane induced by Wu-Chu-Yu. In conscious rats, hypertension was also observed by intraperitoneal administration of Wu-Chu-Yu (6 g/kg). Bilateral nephrectomy, administration of phentolamine or propranolol, all significantly decreased the hypertensive effect of Wu-Chu-Yu. Pretreatment with reserpine 24 hours in advance did not change the pressor effect of the crude extract. In aortic strip preparations, Wu-Chu-Yu caused the increase of contractile force, and the dose-response curve was parallel shift to the right in the presence of phentolamine. In auricle preparations, Wu-Chu-Yu produced positive inotropic and positive chronotropic effects, and the presence of propranolol changed the slope of Wu-Chu-Yu's dose-inotropic effect curve and reversed the chronotropic effect from positive to negative. Both in vivo and in vitro results suggested that alpha and beta adrenoceptors were directly involved in the cardiovascular effects of Wu-Chu-Yu. PMID- 7304498 TI - Effect of Panax ginseng saponins and Eleutherococcus senticosus on survival of cultured mammalian cells after ionizing radiation. AB - Panax ginseng saponin and Eleutherococcus senticosus extract were applied to cells in culture in order to assess the effect of these substances on resistance to gamma-irradiation. Eleutherococcus was slightly radio protective. However, ginseng saponin at a dose of 10 microgram/ml was significantly radioprotective (Do = 2.25 Gy) compared to control (Do = 1.80 Gy) when it was present prior to gamma-irradiation. It enhanced radiation response if it was also present for 4-6 hours after gamma-irradiation (Do = 1.10 Gy). Ginseng-treated cells made 30% less RNA and 14% more protein during a 1 hour pulse of labeled intermediates. The cells were morphologically altered. It is concluded that ginseng saponin can increase radiation resistance. The effect is indirect, due to alterations in cell physiology rather than DNA repair processes. PMID- 7304499 TI - The treatment of dysmenorrhea by acupuncture. AB - Forty-eight female patients suffering from dysmenorrhea in various degrees were treated by acupuncture. Seven standard acupuncture loci were selected. Acupuncture was given only 5 times to 44 of these patients. The results were analyzed after 6 to 12 months. Although the therapy was short, limited to only 7 points and uniform, satisfactory results were found in more than 80% of the cases. PMID- 7304500 TI - Effect of acupuncture on adrenocortical hormone production in rabbits with a central lesion. AB - A study was made of adrenocortical hormone production under electroacupuncture stimulation of the Tsu-San-Li locus in rabbits with a lesion in the fornix, stria terminalis, ventromedial nucleus or arcuate nucleus. In rabbits with a lesion in the stria terminalis or ventromedial nucleus, electroacupuncture stimulation of Tsu-San-Li resulted in no increase in phase 1 but an increase in phase 2 of adrenocortical hormone production. In rabbits with a lesion in the fornix or arcuate nucleus electroacupuncture stimulation of Tsu-San-Li was followed by increased adrenocortical hormone production in the both phases. These results show that the stria terminalis and the ventromedial nucleus play a major role in the augmentation of adrenocortical hormone production by electroacupuncture stimulation of Tsu-San-Li. PMID- 7304501 TI - Needle stimulation of acupuncture loci Chu-Chih (LI-11) and Ho-Ku (LI-4) induces hypothermia effects and analgesia in normal adults. AB - The effects of acupuncture stimulation on the Chu-Chih (LI-11) and Ho-Ku (LI-4) loci on both thermoregulatory function and analgesic activity were assessed in normal adults. Stimulation of Chu-Chih and Ho-Ku each produced both hypothermia and analgesia. The hypothermia was brought about by decreased metabolic heat production and cutaneous vasodilatation (as estimated by an increase in cutaneous temperature). The analgesic effect was shown by an increase in the latency to palm lift in the hot plate test. Thus, the data indicate that stimulation of acupuncture loci Chu-Chih and Ho-Ku is an ideal treatment for both the fever and painful syndromes. PMID- 7304502 TI - A preliminary report on an attempt to modify behavior of untamed ponies by acupuncture. AB - A preliminary study using various acupuncture techniques to modify behavior of untamed ponies was attempted. In five of the seven tested parameters, the animals's behavioral responses were unaffected by acupuncture treatments. However, substantial improvement of general behavior of the nervous ponies was observed in animals treated with jaw and scutiform points. The results are not conclusive and further testing of acupuncture as a mean of modifying animal behavior is desirable. PMID- 7304503 TI - Understanding and treatment of diabetes mellitus by traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 7304504 TI - Nursing home care for mental patients: descriptive data and some propositions. AB - Nursing homes play an important role in the community-based care of chronic mental patients, yet there is little research in that setting. The present study gathered and analyzed descriptive data on 20 nursing homes in a large urban area, including data about structure, staffing, policy, treatment, residents, discharge, psychosocial climate, and neighborhood characteristics. Results suggested a clear difference between skilled nursing versus intermediate care facilities, with the latter playing a larger role in caring for mental patients. More important, data suggested such facilities play primarily a custodial rather than treatment role, and that managers expect patients in nursing homes to stay indefinitely. In view of this, our justifications for community care, such as social integration, need to be examined anew. PMID- 7304505 TI - Drug use and crime during a four-year posttreatment follow-up. AB - Follow-up interview data for 1,155 opioid addicts showed that about three-fourths of the sample reported some criminal behavior during a 4-year period after leaving drug abuse treatment. Males had a higher prevalence of "major" crimes (including crimes against persons, robbery, mugging, burglary, theft, or dealing drugs) than did females, while females reported a higher percentage engaged in the so-called "victimless" crimes (primarily based on prostitution or pimping). Criminal behavior was primarily profit-related and strongly associated with drug use, especially opioid drugs. Drug users reported more criminal behavior than nonusers, and criminality and drug use increased and decreased together among persons who showed changes in drug use during the follow-up period. PMID- 7304506 TI - Drinking status and stigmatization. AB - Research focused on the stigmatizing effects of alcohol-related labels has typically focused on social rejection (usually using a social distance scale). In the present study, affective reactions (or attitudes) were obtained with regard to four labels: alcoholic, problem drinker, recovered alcoholic, and social drinker. These attitudes were compared across four groups: an urban sample, a rural sample, a sample of graduate social work students, and a sample of alcoholics from a detoxification center. The results indicated that labeling persons as alcoholics or problem drinkers may lead to stigmatization, with the extent of stigmatization a function of the type of social group to which the respondents belonged. In addition, the destigmatization potential of certain labels that are used by self-help groups appeared to be questionable. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for treatment, particularly with respect to the similarities and differences between the alcoholic and the student practitioner samples. PMID- 7304507 TI - Reliability analysis of the treatment difficulty scale. PMID- 7304509 TI - Alcohol rehabilitation: fact or myth? PMID- 7304508 TI - Persian heroin in the San Francisco Bay area: 1977-1980. AB - A new type of heroin has increased in frequency in the San Francisco Bay Area in the past three years. "Persian" heroin, coming to this country from Southwest Asia, differs from commonly-seen heroin in several ways: (1) distinctive marketing channels, (2) different routes of administration, (3) increased purity, (4) more severe withdrawal, and (5) different demographic characteristics of users. "Persian" heroin users tend to be younger and more likely to be White and unemployed as compared to other heroin users. PMID- 7304510 TI - Drug abuse patterns of patients on methadone treatment in New York City. AB - Urine specimens from methadone treatment clinics were screened for various abused drugs between 1974-1979 by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and immunoassay techniques (IAT). A comparison of the relative incidence of drugs abused reveals that IAT are more sensitive and detect far greater number of subjects abusing drugs than TLC. The results also show a significant abuse of heroin and cocaine during the period studied and a variation of the incidence of other drugs used during the same period. While these patients did not receive benzodiazepenes and tricyclic antidepressants by prescription, their abuse alone and in combination with each other was also found to be widespread. Low levels of PCP and/or its analogs were found in 1978 and 1979. The frequent finding of low levels of PCP in combination with other drugs indicates the availability of this hallucinogen and point to its use in combination with other illicit drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, and heroin. The suggestion is made that more sensitive analytical methods for drugs screening be utilized in methadone monitoring programs, and that other classes of drugs be added than are currently required. PMID- 7304511 TI - Acute effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on chronic and recreational users. AB - Snowball sampling techniques were used to generate a sample of 200 phencyclidine users from an area with a 10-year history of extensive PCP use. Three types of users were studied: heavy chronic, light chronic, and recreational users. The extent of PCP use varied from less than twice a month for a period of 6 months to daily use for several consecutive years. Each subject participated in a structured interview which lasted an average of 11/2 h. Subjects were asked about the acute effects of PCP, and about their moods before, during, and after using PCP. Scales based on previous research were used to measure the acute effects and moods. Results showed that heavy chronic users were more likely than recreational users to feel energized by PCP, and to experience negative ideations (thoughts about suicide and death). When age was controlled for, heavy chronic users were also more likely to experience violent effects. Analysis of moods over time showed some similar patterns between heavy chronic and recreational users, as well as some striking differences. Overall, heavy chronic users reported greater mood elevations while high on PCP, and a more dramatic drop in mood after the high wore off, than recreational users. Analysis of the results by user types clarified some of the confusion about contradictory descriptions of the effects of PCP, and point to the need to continue distinguishing between user types. PMID- 7304512 TI - Comparison of opiate addicts' reports of psychiatric history with reports of significant-other informants. AB - This study compares self-reports by a sample of 50 opiate addicts with reports of 50 "significant other" informants, on past and current functioning. Moderate to high levels of agreement are found using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) in reporting current opiate use, current employment, and current legal pressures. This finding is consistent with previous studies which found good agreement between addicts and informants in these areas. However, much poorer agreement between addicts and informants is found in assessing the severity of addict's social, employment, and psychological problems, and in assessing the more detailed aspects of drug use. A comparison of the percent agreement data with ICC data used in this study provides empirical support for the argument that percent agreement data represents an inflated estimate of concordance between raters. These findings suggest that addicts and their families have rather divergent perceptions of the addict's problems and, in addition, indicate the value of including family members or significant others in the process of evaluating and treating opiate addicts. The results of the statistical analysis underscore the need in reliability studies of rigorous statistics that take into account chance agreement. PMID- 7304513 TI - Religious programs and careers of chronic heroin users. AB - Religion is often overlooked as a factor in recovery from chronic opioid dependence. Research on the effectiveness of religious programs is scanty, but three reports in the literature suggest that programs of the Pentecostal type may be particularly effective among Hispanic drug users. In this paper we review the literature and report our own observations of religious program participation among 248 San Antonio addicts, 87% of whom are Hispanic (Mexican-American). In a 12-year period, 11% of the 248 entered religious programs. Although there were only 33 admissions, the percent followed by a year or more of abstinence (44%) markedly exceeded that following conventional treatment or correctional interventions. We conclude that the ability of religious programs to attract large numbers of clients is limited, but that major changes in attitudes and life style occur among some participants. Successful participation seems to depend upon a special motivational state at admission. Religious programs may be conceived as sociotherapy, and are similar to traditional therapeutic communities and other self-help programs in many ways. We suggest some psychodynamic and sociocultural mechanisms which may explain how religion promotes recovery from chronic drug dependence among Hispanic heroin users. PMID- 7304514 TI - Alcoholism and alcohol dependence in narcotic addicts: a prospective study with a five-year follow-up. AB - In this paper we report on the prediction of mortality, alcohol dependence, and the rate of previously undiagnosed alcoholism in male and female narcotic addicts. These subjects (N = 200) were initially interviewed upon admission to the Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health, Lexington, Kentucky, and prospectively followed-up and reinterviewed 5 years later (N = 187). The results indicate that alcoholism and alcohol dependence are very prevalent in this sample of addicts. A history of diagnosable alcoholism obtained at admission was a significant predictor of mortality during the follow-up period whereas a history of heavy drinking was associated with increased mortality but not significantly. About one-half of the males and one-quarter of the females met criteria for alcohol dependence during the follow-up period. Both a prior diagnosis of alcoholism and a history of heavy drinking were significant predictors of episodes of alcohol dependence during the follow-up period. In addition, the proportion of subjects positive for alcoholism increased between two- and threefold during the 5-year period. Finally, a history of heavy drinking at any time within the 4 years immediately prior to admission significantly predicted subsequent episodes during the follow-up period. PMID- 7304515 TI - Effects on self-concept in two different alcoholism treatment programs. AB - Ninety-six male alcoholics were tested before and after a 4-week residential rehabilitation program. One-half of the subjects were residents of a VR treatment center which stressed development of internal controls and the attribution of responsibility to self. The other half were patients at a VA hospital which fostered considerable dependency and reliance on external controls. Change in self-concept was assessed by the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS). A Locus of Control of Drinking Behavior Scale (LCDB) was also administered. Positive changes occurred across settings on 9 of 17 self-concept variables. However, there were four variables on which a differential change occurred. These setting-by treatment interactions are discussed in terms of the treatment philosophy of the two programs. PMID- 7304516 TI - Isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage as a medicolegal problem. AB - This study reviews 75 cases in which subarachnoid hemorrhages of the base of the brain have been experienced. The etiology of the cases is discussed as the question of trauma is of paramount importance. The period of the loss of consciousness is also an important factor. The other question in the etiology is whether the vertebral artery had been injured. PMID- 7304517 TI - Sudden and unexpected death in infancy and childhood: neuropathological findings. AB - This report describes the neuropathological findings in 58 infants and children dying suddenly and unexpectedly. Utilizing historical, clinical, laboratory and pathological findings, two subgroups were distinguished: in one a cause of death was established (CODE); members of the other (more than 50% of the total sample) were victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The importance of historical as well as pathological data in excluding SIDS is stressed. In each subgroup, both focal lesions and diffuse glial reactive hypertrophy were identified in 64% of all children below 9 months of age. These changes were not related to age group or maturation and, except for a history of perinatal asphyxia, lesions were not predictably correlated with clinical data. The brains of children dying of established cause (CODE) are not a suitable control group with which to compare those of SIDS. PMID- 7304518 TI - Identification of fingernail markings in manual strangulation. AB - A clever solution to the problem of identifying fingernail markings was accomplished by means of forensic pathology and odontology. This approach was required to develop techniques for constructing the impression of the fingernail used in strangulation of a victim. The illustrations show how this rare type of evidence was processed so as to match the fingernails of the suspect to the marks on the skin of the victim's neck. PMID- 7304519 TI - A general review of bite-mark evidence. AB - Bite-mark evidence has been used as an aid in the identification of criminals in many instances. The author, a forensic odontologist in Liverpool, England, during his lifetime, personally investigated the cases presented which include instances of rape and battery. It is shown how perpetrators of violent injuries were detected from bite marks on the victim or the perpetrator, or on foodstuffs found at the scene of the crime, when the marks were compared to dental impressions taken subsequently. PMID- 7304520 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: a new forensic problem. PMID- 7304521 TI - Exploding bullets. A hazard to the victim, physician, and investigator. PMID- 7304522 TI - Trauma. The neglected disease in modern society. PMID- 7304523 TI - Penetration and perforation of skin by bullets and missiles. A review of the literature. AB - A review of the literature on perforation of skin by bullets and missiles indicates that there is a range of velocity below which a missile cannot perforate the skin. Velocities of between 38.1 and 61.6 meters/second (125 and 202 ft./second) will produce at least minimal damage to the surface of the skin, though without perforation. In order for a missile to perforate the skin and enter the underlying subcutaneous tissue and muscle, a minimum velocity in the order of 70 meters/second (230 ft./second) is necessary with an energy/area of presentation of approximately 2.1 m-kg/cm2. PMID- 7304524 TI - Homicide by exploder ammunition. AB - A wound caused by an exploder bullet should be suspected in the presence of a primer anvil, percussion cap, or multiple lead fragments from a low-velocity bullet not striking bone. The autopsy may reveal a larger area of tissue destruction at the site of the bullet exploding than would be expected from simple passage of an intact projectile. PMID- 7304525 TI - Small hemorrhages in the brain stem. A sign of injury? AB - Microscopic hemorrhages in the brain stem were studied in cases of known head injury and in cases where head injury was known not to have occurred. They were found to be either strictly limited to the perivascular space or to extend into the neuropil. Those limited to the perivascular space appear to be artifacts and should not be considered when determining the cause of death. Extravasations of red cells into the neuropil may be of traumatic genesis. Such hemorrhages may be absent, however, in cases of a fatal primary brain-stem injury. PMID- 7304526 TI - The brain stem in sudden infant death syndrome. A postmortem survey. AB - Abnormal central neural regulation of respiration may be involved in the pathogenesis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). A retrospective investigation of brain-stem morphology in 34 SIDS victims compared to well matched controls revealed medullary gliosis in the reticular formation in 12% and a single microglial nodule suggestive of a viral infection in one infant. These findings support the need for more extensive prospective neuropathological investigations in SIDS utilizing more sophisticated techniques. PMID- 7304527 TI - Demonstrative evidence developed at the autopsy. AB - A postmortem examination early during the investigative period of the murder of a young law enforcement officer on the edge of the Kansas Turnpike led to the development and application of a technique for the preservation of evidence by a visiting consultant. This resulted in the construction of a life-sized head which was used to demonstrate the entrance and exit sites of two bullets through the head and the site of the injury to the head from a pistol butt. This exhibit provided a dynamic demonstration of the relationship of the fatal weapon to the victim and contributed to the understanding of the paths of the bullets which passed through the victim's head into the ground. The technique is described. PMID- 7304528 TI - Fatal blood transfusion reactions. An analysis. AB - This analysis of fatal blood transfusion reactions includes statistics from the Bureau of Biologics provided through the Freedom of Information Act. The study of 126 reported transfusion fatalities occurring between 1976 and 1980 showed that the staff certifying compatibility and the personnel administering the blood have an approximately equal share of the problems. Resolution of blood bag labeling errors through automation leaves patient identification as a major obstacle to those certifying compatibility and the transfusionists. The patient identification wrist band is excellent. However, professional staff do not always utilize this information, relying on memory. In addition, professional staff do not always collate adequately the information on the blood transfusion request form, the blood bag label, and the wrist band of the patient to be transfused. Electronic collation is discussed as a means to identify discrepancies prior to transfusion. The special problem of staff dealing with a time-limited, life threatening emergency is described and six critical areas related to the problem of fatal transfusion reactions are suggested for further analysis. PMID- 7304529 TI - Development of the Cook County Medical Examiner's new facility. Current status 1981. PMID- 7304530 TI - Gunshot wound of the chest with five intrathoracic foreign bodies. AB - When a firearm projectile strikes an intermediate target before entering a body, foreign material from that target may be carried into the body with the projectile. This material should be sought and recovered at autopsy, for it may prove to be valuable evidence in subsequent legal proceedings. The unusual case reported here is that of a 12-year-old boy who was sitting on a couch in front of his living room window and there sustained a .45 caliber gunshot wound of the left anterior chest from a gunshot fired at another person in the street outside. First passing through the back of the couch, the bullet carried with it into the body four pieces of cloth and a metal spring, thereby causing an unusual cutaneous entrance wound, and laceration of the right cardiac ventricle and fatal cardiac tamponade within an intact pericardial sac. The assailant was convicted of first-degree murder, a verdict which he appealed. PMID- 7304531 TI - Russian roulette with an exploding bullet. A case report. PMID- 7304533 TI - Forensic agencies in the Republic of Ireland. PMID- 7304534 TI - Hotel fires. Some tips on survival. PMID- 7304532 TI - Forensic cases of note. PMID- 7304535 TI - Unexplained deaths in refugees newly arrived in America. PMID- 7304536 TI - The safety of combined endoscopy, biopsy and dilation in esophageal strictures. AB - The evaluation and management of esophageal strictures ordinarily involves the three procedures of endoscopy, biopsy, and dilation at different times. The safety of performing these procedures in a single sitting was evaluated. The study included 48 patients (ages 44-85) with radiographically confirmed esophageal strictures located in the upper third (3/48), middle third (18/48), and lower third (27/48) of the esophagus. The strictures were determined to be due to peptic esophagitis of varying severity (28/48) or carcinoma (20/48). Dilation immediately followed endoscopy and biopsy with an average of three mercury-weighted dilators passed at this sitting. The size and type of dilators were determined clinically by the endoscopic estimation of esophageal lumen diameter. Anesthesia included topical Cetacaine and intravenous diazepam (5-15 mg.). All patients experienced symptomatic improvement immediately following the procedures. No complications were encountered. These data indicate that endoscopy, biopsy and dilation of esophageal strictures may safely be performed in a single sitting. Other advantages may include shortened hospital stay, earlier diagnosis and relief of symptoms and increased cost effectiveness. PMID- 7304537 TI - Surgery for acalculous cholecystitis. An organic and not a functional disease. AB - One hundred and thirty cases of acalculous cholecystitis in a series of 3,932 operations for benign biliary tract diseases between 1964 and 1979 are discussed in this paper. The diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis has been histologically documented in 100% of our patients. The results of surgery have been satisfactory. There were no deaths, no serious complications and no postoperative signs or symptoms related to the initial disease in a follow-up of 90% over a period from six months to 14 years. PMID- 7304538 TI - Biopsy of the peritoneum in decompensated cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Fifteen patients with noninfectious chronic ascites due to liver cirrhosis were investigated by laparoscopy and/or peritoneal biopsy. Laparoscopic inspection revealed thickening of the peritoneum, diffuse patchy redness and diffusely increased small vascular injection. Biopsies of the parietal peritoneum showed cuboidal transformation and hyperplasia of the mesothelial cells, fibrinoid depositions, fibroblastic proliferation and mononuclear cell infiltration. Probable pathogenesis of the parietal chronic nonspecific peritonitis in ascites of liver cirrhosis is the presence of irritating substances in the ascitic fluid. Diffuse small vascular injection of the peritoneum reflects most likely the inflammatory nature of the peritoneal process and not a direct influence of portal hypertension. PMID- 7304539 TI - Cervical spine disease and dysphagia. Four new cases and a review of the literature. AB - Four cases of dysphagia associated with disease of the cervical spine have been presented. One of the patients had cervical spondylosis with osteophyte formation while the other three had Forestier's disease or ankylosing hyperostosis. Symptoms of dysphagia dominated the clinical picture and led to their referral for further management. Two patients underwent surgical procedures and one died in the postoperative period. Two patients were managed conservatively, one with antibiotics, and both did reasonably well. The literature of 40 cases published in the last 54 years has been reviewed. We suggest that dysphagia due to cervical spine disease while an uncommon complication of these bony growths, is by no means rare. The dysphagia may be due to bony protuberances into the hypopharynx or into the esophagus and may be accompanied by soft tissue inflammation. Although most patients have been treated surgically, there may be a role for anti inflammatory or antibiotic therapy in the first instance as surgery is often morbid and sometimes fatal. PMID- 7304540 TI - Gastric carcinoid syndrome diagnosed by endoscopy. AB - A 64-year old white female who had a history of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and Evan's syndrome (autoimmune hemolytic anemia plus thrombocytopenia) was admitted for orthopedic evaluation of an inflamed finger. She gave a history of patchy, pruritic lobster-red flush on her face, neck and chest and upper extremities after meals or after emotional distress. She was examined and a gastric carcinoid with liver metastases was found. The tissue diagnosis was made by gastric endoscopic and liver biopsies. PMID- 7304541 TI - Effect of morphine and naloxone on stimulated gastric and pancreatic secretion. PMID- 7304542 TI - Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia and chronic liver disease. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia was observed on the back of the left hand and wrist in a 19-year old man with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. Moreover, abnormalities of the elastic fibers of the skin were found. Examination of the liver biopsy showed extensive portal fibrosis with many dilated blood vessels. No usual cause of juvenile cirrhosis was detected. In the comment, the authors suggest that unilateral nevoid telangiectasia and liver disease could be manifestations of a disease involving skin and liver vessels, as in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. PMID- 7304543 TI - Plain film recognition of giant colonic diverticulum. AB - Four cases of giant colonic diverticula are presented with emphasis on plain film recognition employing the "balloon sign", a persistent, rounded lucency which is consistently seen on any abdominal scout film or survey. The importance of this finding is even greater in the absence of gastrointestinal complaints in view of the complication of torsion and perforation. PMID- 7304544 TI - Assessment by performance in gastroenterology--what do you think? PMID- 7304545 TI - Crohn's disease in endoscopic biopsies of the gastric antrum and duodenum. AB - Forty-five patients with Crohn's disease in whom the upper gastrointestinal tract was normal by x-ray were examined by gastroduodenoscopy. Biopsies were analyzed histologically from the lower esophagus, body of the stomach, gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. Cell counts were made of 500 connective tissue cells of the duodenal mucosa. Histological examinations and cell counts of the duodenal mucosa were also performed on 50 healthy volunteers used as controls. Histological lesions were found in 19 Crohn's disease cases; 11 (24%) were considered pathologically diagnostic and all these were found in the antrum or duodenum. In 11 the mucosa was endoscopically normal. Granulomas were present in three cases (7%), all from normal appearing mucosa. Microscopic alterations of the antrum and duodenum, similar to findings in the normal appearing rectal mucosa, support the concept that Crohn's disease involves the entire alimentary canal and that lesions are seen grossly only where the disease is most advanced. PMID- 7304546 TI - Alcohol and the pancreas. I. Clinical associations and histopathology of minimal pancreatic inflammation. AB - Fat accumulation within pancreatic acinar cells was observed by examination in patients consuming more than 30 gm./day of ethanol. Ultrastructural changes within the cell are described in these alcoholics without clinical pancreatitis, changes which are similar to those seen in the hepatocytes of alcoholics. The mechanisms which induce these ultrastructural changes and accumulation of fat in the pancreatic acinar cell are not apparent at present. A toxic metabolic mechanism is an attractive hypothesis for these effects. PMID- 7304547 TI - Alcohol and the pancreas. II. Pancreatic morphology of advanced alcoholic pancreatitis. AB - The histopathology of advanced chronic alcoholic pancreatitis is dominated by cellular degeneration, atrophy and fibrosis. Sequential changes in the histopathology of alcoholic pancreatic disease has been defined and traced from initial injury to end-stage disease. These sequential histopathologies have been correlated with clinical syndrome and secretory patterns. The data are more consistent with a toxic-metabolic pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis than the previous Big Duct and Small Duct hypotheses. PMID- 7304548 TI - Crohn's disease in the elderly. AB - To determine the features of Crohn's disease in elderly patients we reviewed the charts, roentgenograms and pathology of patients with Crohn's disease admitted to our hospital from 1966 through 1979. Thirty-three patients (5.2% of the total) had the onset of symptoms and diagnosis made after age 60, including 18 (55%) with ileitis alone, 11 with colitis and four with ileocolitis. Six patients were seen, four with colitis and two with ileocolitis, with acute toxicity requiring early surgery. The clinical, radiographic and histologic characteristics of the disorder in older patients were otherwise similar to those described in younger patients. Differentiation of ischemic bowel disease and diverticulitis from Crohn's disease in such patients was difficult without reliance on histologic as well as clinical and roentgenographic features. Fifty-eight per cent of these older patients eventually required surgery, including 10 of 11 (91%) with colitis, two fo four with ileocolitis and seven of 18 (39%) with ileitis. The cumulative clinical recurrence rate, limited to patients with ileal disease, was 21% at nine years and 37% at 15 years. PMID- 7304549 TI - Papillary thyroid carcinoma associated with polyposis coli. A case of Gardner's syndrome. PMID- 7304550 TI - Newer imaging modalities for the preoperative diagnosis of choledochal cyst. A case report. AB - Many new radiographic procedures have recently been widely introduced which should make the diagnosis of cystic of the biliary tree a preoperative rather than an operative diagnosis. A case is presented emphasizing the value of these procedures. PMID- 7304551 TI - Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as massive hepatosplenomegaly and hepatic failure. Case report. AB - A patient is reported with disseminated tuberculosis presenting as massive hepatosplenomegaly and hepatic failure. The rare occurrence of huge enlargement of these organs in tuberculosis and the development of hepatocellular dysfunction progressing to hepatic coma is emphasized and pathogenesis discussed. PMID- 7304552 TI - Are case-control studies more vulnerable to response bias? PMID- 7304553 TI - Source of drinking water at home and site-specific cancer incidence in Washington County, Maryland. AB - A nonconcurrent prospective study was conducted to investigate the postulated relationship between organic chemical by-products of water chlorination and risk of human cancer. Vital records and nonofficial census data available for each of nearly 31,000 study subjects were used to compute selected sex- and site-specific cancer incidence rates in a well-defined county population. Age, socioeconomic status, smoking history, source of drinking water at home, and other individual characteristics of the study population were examined in relation to the cancer rates. The drinking water source variable consisted of three historical cohorts, each distinguished by a different degree of exposure to chloroform and other chlorination byproducts. Incidence rates for cancer of the bladder among men and for cancer of the liver among women were nearly twofold higher in the drinking water cohort that had been supplied chlorinated surface water at home when compared to the cohort with a history of consumption of unchlorinated ground water. The differences, however, were not statistically significant. A complementary mortality study also suggested an association of chlorinated water with cancer of the liver and urinary tract. The findings in Washington County indicate the need for further studies of individuals with different histories of exposure to chlorinated and unchlorinated drinking water. PMID- 7304554 TI - Nicotine exposure and Parkinson disease. AB - The observed inverse relationship between smoking and Parkinson disease has prompted suggestions that nicotine, a centrally active agent, might protect against the disease. In this case-control study, cases were found to have ever regularly smoked cigarettes significantly less frequently than sex-, race-, and age-matched neighbors. This report analyzes the detailed smoking histories of cases and neighbors to see if these histories support the nicotine protection hypothesis. Estimated nicotine exposure before age at onset of symptoms for smoking cases was 186.1 g; for smoking controls it was 208.3 g (p = 0.34). Among the cases, severity of disease was not related to the extent of nicotine exposure before disease onset. Age at onset of symptoms for smoking cases (52.7 years) was not delayed (57.8 years for nonsmoking cases). Since the study was unable th find further support for the nicotine protection hypothesis, it is concluded that the observed inverse relationship between smoking and Parkinson disease is likely explainable by other factors, such as selective mortality or pre-morbid behavioral and/or constitutional changes. PMID- 7304555 TI - Trends in the incidence of endometrioid and clear cell cancers of the ovary in the United States. AB - An increase in reported incidence of endometrioid and clear cell cancers of the ovary occurred in the United States during the 1970s, while no change occurred in the overall incidence of ovarian cancer. The authors can not rule out that this was due to a shift in the criteria for histologic classification or improved coding, although these seem unlikely to account entirely for the change. In the four areas where the trend for endometrioid and clear cell cancers of the ovary was examined, the per cent increases in their occurrence were correlated with the per cent increases in the occurrence of carcinoma of the uterine corpus. The concomitant trends and the biologic similarities between these histologic types of ovarian cancer and the uterine cancers suggest that common etiologic factors may be involved. The role of postmenopausal estrogen use in the etiology of ovarian cancer must be clarified by further epidemiologic studies, but such studies should take tumor histology into consideration. PMID- 7304556 TI - Breast cancer incidence in women with a history of progesterone deficiency. AB - In order to investigate the nature of the association of involuntarily delayed first birth and risk of breast cancer, 1083 white women who had been evaluated and treated for infertility from 1945-1965 were followed prospectively through April 1978 to ascertain their breast cancer incidence. These women were categorized as to the cause of infertility into two groups, those with endogenous progesterone deficiency (PD) and those with nonhormonal causes (NH). Women in the PD group had 5.4 times the risk of premenopausal breast cancer compared to women in the NH group. This excess risk could not be explained by differences between the two groups in ages at menarche or menopause, history of oral contraceptive use, history of benign breast disease or age at first birth. Women in the PD group also experienced a 10-fold increase in deaths from all malignant neoplasms compared to the NH group. The incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer did not differ significantly between the two groups. PMID- 7304557 TI - Bladder cancer in pet dogs: a sentinel for environmental cancer? AB - Proportional morbidity ratios (PMRs) were calculated for cancers, by site or type, in 8760 pet dogs seen at 13 veterinary medical teaching hospitals in the United States and Canada. A significant positive correlation was seen between the PMRs for canine bladder cancer and the overall level of industrial activity in the host county of the hospital. An analysis of mortality from bladder cancer among white men and women in the same US counties showed similar correlations with industrial activity. Canine bladder cancer could be a sentinel condition whose investigation in locales might lead to early identification of carcinogenic hazards in the general environment. PMID- 7304558 TI - Cost of case-control studies. AB - A financial review of five case-control studies concerning the relationship of birth control methods to the occurrence of disease was conducted. The review had two major objectives: first, to identify costs associated with the planning, conduct and analysis of case-control studies; second, to assess whether sample size determination based on optimal allocation would have resulted in a significant reduction in cost. The data collection phase represented about 75% of the total cost of a study, whereas the costs of planning and analysis were roughly 10% and 15% of total cost, respectively. The typical cost in mid-1970s dollars was from +100-+200 per subject. Evaluation of an optimal allocation procedure based on the relative cost of cases and controls demonstrated that such a method was likely to reduce total study cost by at most 2 per cent. PMID- 7304559 TI - Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage process? AB - The concept that the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is dependent on both an environmental factor and host factors associated with the puberty period was tested using the data for the Faroe Islands "outbreak." Although this "outbreak" affected only 25 individuals, its value may be unique since it is the only virgin outbreak described. The population affected demonstrated an age-associated bimodality. Incubation period for the older group, using 1942 (midpoint of British troop occupation) as onset time, was 5 years, while for the younger group, using puberty as onset time, a similar 5.7-year incubation period was demonstrated. Male and female incubation periods for both groups were similar, demonstrating an internal validity check. Although 10 cases were below the age of puberty at the time of the occupation, none of these developed disease prior to reaching puberty. The data suggest that onset of pathogensis of MS is dependent on passing or having passed through the puberty period. This would explain why MS is rarely seen below age 10, is unusual below age 15, why age 15 has been a "critical time" in migration studies and why females have an earlier onset than males. The data further indicate that susceptibility to MS may be acquired over a wide range of ages. The fact that many aging curves such as those for estrogen, testosterone or 17-hydroxycorticosteroid show striking similarity to the MS incidence curves raises the question whether infection is the entire explanation for the age distribution. PMID- 7304560 TI - Induction and latent periods. AB - Induction and latent periods are distinguishable concepts referring respectively to the period between causal action and disease initiation, and the period between disease initiation and detection. A disease cannot be characterized as having a long or short induction period, except in relation to a specific etiologic component. Inappropriate assumptions, explicit or implicit, about the length of the combined induction and latent period (the "empirical induction period") in an analytic study result in nondifferential misclassification and bias toward the null. Repeated analyses, varying the assumptions about the length of the empirical induction period, can be used to minimize such misclassification, thereby providing estimates for an undiluted measure of effect and the mode of the empirical induction period. PMID- 7304561 TI - A virologically studied epidemic of type A hepatitis in a school for the mentally retarded. AB - The occurrence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in a small boarding school for mildly to moderately mentally retarded children in Umka, Yugoslavia, in the spring of 1979, six years after the last recognized occurrence, provided an opportunity to study the spread of the agent among 79 classroom and dormitory contacts. Only 51% of those who had entered subsequent to the prior outbreak had detectable antibody (anti-HAV) with immunoglobulin G predominance, and the proportion within the first six years of training did not vary. Both findings suggest a lack of endemicity during the interval. The outbreak ended spontaneously just before the summer vacation with an anti-HAV prevalence of 90%. The ratio of silent to overt cases was approximately 2:1. HAV was found in fecal samples from susceptible residents with inapparent infection as well as those with hepatitis. Among those with prior experience, there were no significant anti HAV increases to suggest HAV reinfection in this group. Overall, 32% were seropositive for markers of past or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but this status did not correlate with sex, year of training, or HAV experience. Only one instance of HBV transmission was observed in the same interval as the 26 HAV infections. PMID- 7304562 TI - Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. I. Studies with human sera from Ghana collected eight years after the first outbreak. AB - In 1969 and early 1970, during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in the upper north regions of Ghana, 191 human sera were collected. In 1977, eight years after the first epidemic of AHC in Ghana, 1008 human sera were also collected in various regions of Ghana. These sera were examined for virus neutralizing (VN) antibody against the J670/71 strain of enterovirus type 70 (EV70). In the pre-epidemic 1969-1970 sera, a low prevalence rate (6%) of VN antibody, with a titer of greater than or equal to 1:8, was found; the geometric mean titer (GMT) was also very low (1:1.85). In the post epidemic 1977 sera, a high prevalence rate (53%) of VN antibody was found in the Ghanaian population, and the calculated GMT was also high (1:7.36). A higher antibody prevalence was detected in coastal (Accra: prevalence rate of 58% and GMT of (1:7.84), forest (Kumasi: 58% and GMT 1:7.52) and peri-forest (Tamale: 51% and GMT 1:7.46) areas than in the tropical savanna area (Bolgatanga: 41% and GMT 1:5.13). The demonstration of VN antibody in children under seven years of age showed that EV70 was still widely distributed and highly active in Ghana. The VN antibody found in human sera was predominantly IgG. PMID- 7304563 TI - Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. II. Studies with human sera collected in West African countries other than Ghana. AB - Human sera were collected in Senegal, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Liberia, Gabon and Togo during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) from 1965 to 1969, and tested for virus neutralizing (VN) antibody to enterovirus type 70 (EV70). Of these, 1109 (91%) were antibody negative (less than equal to 1:4), 116 (9%) neutralized at a dilution of 1:8 or over, and 45 (4%) at dilutions of at least 1:16. The distribution pattern is not significantly different from that of sera collected from Kenya in 1967 or from army recruits in the United States, Argentina, Brazil and Colombia in the 1960s. Sera collected during the post-epidemic period (1970 to 1977) in Senegal, Sierra Leone, Mali, Upper Volta, Chad, Niger and Gabon were also examined; 1573 (68%) were VN antibody negative (less than or equal to 1:4), while 733 (32%) and 433 (19%) had titers of 1:8 or greater and 1:16 or over, respectively. There is a significant difference in distribution between pre- and post-epidemic antibody titers (p less than 0.001), although the incidence of AHC was lower in these countries than in Ghana and Southeast Asia. The prevalence of VN antibodies tends to be lower in the dry, hot inland areas and thus humid coastal monsoonal climates and dense populations seem to favor the spread of AHC. PMID- 7304564 TI - A prospective study of the risk of diarrheal diseases according to the nutritional status of children. AB - Prospective field data were employed to examined the effect of child malnutrition on the subsequent risk of diarrhea among preschool children in rural Bangladesh. A total of 2019 children aged 12-23 months were classified according to weight for-age, weight-for-height, and height-for-age of the Harvard median standard. Over a 24-month prospective period, diarrheal hospitalization rates among the children were matched to the initial anthropometric assessment. No differences in diarrheal hospitalization rates were noted for the children according to initial nutritional status. Another group of 207 children under five years of age were classified according to weight-for-age and their diarrheal attack rate in the field was followed prospectively for one year after nutritional assessment. Again, no differences in field diarrheal attack rates were noted between children of varying nutritional status categories. The nutritional status of the 207 children was then defined as monthly growth velocity (kilogram change in body weight, per cent change of initial body weight, and per cent change in weight-for age) and the diarrheal attack rate for the subsequent one month period was observed. No differences in attack rates were noted between nutritional groups. The study failed to demonstrate that nutritional status defined by anthropometry was associated with the subsequent risk of diarrheal diseases. PMID- 7304565 TI - Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis associated with eating raw oysters. AB - A cluster of five cases of non-O group 1 (non-O1) V. cholerae gastroenteritis occurred in one Florida locality during November 1979. Clinical findings included nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping in all affected persons; two had bloody diarrhea. All five persons gave a history of eating raw oysters within four days of onset of illness. A case-control study statistically associated the eating of raw oysters with development of illness (p = 0.0008); this finding was confirmed by a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized for diarrhea (p = 0.0001). Non-O1 V. cholerae organisms were isolated from oysters and water samples taken from areas where ill persons had obtained their oysters. In at least one instance the same serotype was isolated from a patient's stool specimen and from the water where the patient had obtained oysters. Non-O1 V. cholerae infection must be considered in the differential diagnosis of shellfish associated gastroenteritis. PMID- 7304566 TI - Long-term effects of prenatal x-ray of human females. I. Reproductive experience. AB - A cohort of singleton black human females exposed to diagnostic x-ray in utero and controls matched by parity, hospital of birth and birthdate have have been followed to ages 25-30 years in Baltimore, Maryland. The search for possible effects of prenatal irradiation has focused on health, growth, development and reproductive experience of exposed and control women. This paper reports findings related to reproductive experience. From an original data set of 1458 matched exposed-control pairs of women, questionnaire responses were received from 1109 exposed and 1124 control women including 852 each from pairs in which both the exposed and control woman responded. After careful search for alternative explanations of the findings, the authors concluded that females exposed in utero to low doses of x-ray (probably 1-5 rads) had significant increases in their rates of early onset of menses, births at age 15 years or less, numbers of living children, stillbirths, and sterilizing operations by their mid-twenties. These findings are compatible with animal studies in which prenatal irradiation kills many oocytes, but accelerates the development of remaining cells to stages more closely correlated with fertility. Although these animals subsequently became sterile, this cannot be tested in the current study because significantly more of the irradiated women have had surgical sterilizations. PMID- 7304567 TI - Long-term effects of prenatal x-ray of human females. II. Growth and development. AB - Experimental studies and studies of survivors of in-utero exposure to atomic bomb blasts have shown significant stunting of growth and mental retardation following these exposures. Central nervous system damage following very low doses of x-ray at around the time of birth has also been observed in experimental animals. This long term follow-up studies of 1458 human females exposed in utero to diagnostic x-rays and of 1458 matched unexposed controls studied in Baltimore, Maryland, included measurements of height, weight and school achievement. Women who had been exposed to x-rays in utero were significantly shorter in their mid-twenties than were their matched, unexposed controls, even after adjustment for other social and economic factors. However, additional follow-up revealed that mothers of exposed women were also shorter than the control mothers. Short stature appeared to be a selective factor for x-ray during pregnancy (mostly pelvimetry, 1947-1952). Mothers' and daughters' heights were similarly correctly among exposed and control mother-daughter pairs, suggesting that the height differences between exposed daughters and their controls were due to these selective factor rather than to any direct effect of radiation on growth. Exposed women reported poorer school achievement than control women. However, except for a higher proportion of exposed women leaving school because of pregnancy, these measurements were no longer significantly different when rates were simultaneously adjusted for socioeconomic differences between exposed and control women. PMID- 7304568 TI - Long-term effects of prenatal x-ray of human females. III. Mortality and morbidity. AB - Experimental studies and long-term studies of humans exposed to ionizing radiation in utero and after birth show that these exposures increase the risk of cancer in childhood and in later life. A possible life-shortening effect has also been reported. This study followed to their mid-twenties 1458 women exposed in utero to diagnostic x-rays and 1458 matched, unexposed controls in Baltimore, Maryland, and obtained responses from over 1100 women in each group. Information about general health and specific diseases was obtained from questionnaires. Deaths were ascertained through family members and death certificates. Mortality rates were slightly higher among exposed than control women, and did not differ by gestational age at the time of exposure. Exposed women reported poor general health significantly more often than controls. Specific diseases occurred similarly in the two groups, although exposed women reported more epilepsy or fits, more ovarian tumors, and more high blood pressure. The strong correlation between weight and high blood pressure and the heavier weights of exposed women seemed to account for this difference. In summary, these matched exposed and control women, followed to their mid-twenties, experienced similar rates of morbidity and mortality. Radiation-induced cancers and life-shortening effects, if any, might not become evident until older ages. PMID- 7304569 TI - Pontiac fever: isolation of the etiologic agent (Legionella pneumophilia) and demonstration of its mode of transmission. AB - Pontiac fever, a unique epidemiologic form of legionellosis, is characterized by a short (one- to two-day) incubation period and a self-limited grippe-like illness without pneumonia. In 1968, the first documented outbreak of this syndrome affected persons who had entered a health department building in Pontiac, Michigan. Epidemiologic analyses clearly implicated as airborne agent and suggested that evaporative condenser water aerosols being disseminated by a defective air conditioning system played a key role in the outbreak. Guinea pigs that were exposed in the building and to laboratory aerosols of evaporative condenser water developed bronchopneumonia. Legionella pneumophilia (serogroup 1) was isolated from the exposed guinea pigs' lungs. Paired acute and convalescent serum specimens from 37 patients were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique using L. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen, and 31 (84%) had rises in titer from less than 32 to greater than or equal to 64. PMID- 7304570 TI - Duration of serum antitoxin response following Vibrio cholerae infection in North Americans: relevance for seroepidemiology. PMID- 7304571 TI - Hepatitis B virus infections in Melanesians and Polynesians in New Caledonia. AB - Hepatitis B virus infections were examined in two ethnically different Pacific Island groups, 532 Melanesians and 401 Polynesians, living under similar environmental circumstances on the island of Ouvea, New Caledonia. High hepatitis B virus infection rates (Melanesians, 89.3%, and Polynesians, 86.3%) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rates (Melanesians, 11.7%, and Polynesians, 8.0%) were observed in both groups. The carrier rate for HBsAg was generally higher in men, particularly Melanesian men. Comparing the Ouvea Melanesians and Polynesians to 170 Melanesians living on the main island of New Caledonia, significantly lower rates for hepatitis B virus infection (47.1%) and HBsAg carrier state (0.6%) were found. The findings suggest that environmental factors may be more important than genetic factors in hepatitis B infections in these populations. Tattooing did not appear to influence the presence of hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 7304572 TI - Seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in West Africa. III. Studies with animal sera from Ghana and Senegal. AB - One hundred and thirty-nine bovine sera collected in Senegal in 1968 and 1969, before the human pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), and 145 sera collected in 1977, seven years after the introduction of AHC, were tested for virus neutralizing (VN) titers against enterovirus 70 (EV70) in neutralization tests. Positive rates of VN titers (1:16) were fairly constant (about 40%) in 1968 and 1969 but the proportion of positives from the 1977 collection was significantly higher (61%). The proportion of Ghanaian bovine sera positive in 1977 (39%) was comparable with those collected earlier in Senegal but the proportion was lower in sera of calves (7%). Similar studies were performed on sheep sera collected in 1966, 1967, 1968, and 1969 in Senegal. The proportions positive and the geometric mean titers (GMTs) peaked in alternate years: the proportions were 43% and 54% in 1966 and 1968 but dropped to 12% and 5% in 1967 and 1969, respectively. The prevalence rate for Ghanaian sheep sera in 1977 was comparable to the earlier figures in Senegal. The prevalence of VN (83%) and the GMT (1:27.28) in swine sera in Ghana in 1977 were much higher than those seen in chickens and dogs. However, 87 sera of wild monkeys caught in Senegal after 1970 were negative in neutralization tests. The VN substance detected in these domestic animals was found to be 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive; hence it is considered to belong to IgM. The results seem to favor the hypothesis that enterovirus type 70 (EV70) evolved from an animal enterovirus which shares a common antigen with EV70. PMID- 7304573 TI - The Pittsburgh Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry: the relationship of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus incidence to social class. AB - The incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, as determined from the Pittsburgh Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry, was examined in relationship to social class. The registry consists of all Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, cases of insulin dependent diabetes diagnosed under age 20 years in 1965-1976. Analyses of the registry data revealed little relationship between incidence, age at onset and social class. The lack of a strong relationship to social class indicates that the epidemiology of insulin dependent diabetes is not similar to those of polio or Hodgkin's disease, in which social class is strongly related to incidence and age at onset. PMID- 7304574 TI - The East Baltimore study. II. Familial aggregation of plasma lipid levels in juveniles in a black inner-city population. AB - Familial aggregation of plasma lipid levels among 676 black juveniles, aged less than 20 years and residing in 202 households in East Baltimore, Maryland, was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient of residuals from sex-specific cubic regressions on age. Significant aggregation of both plasma cholesterol (r = 0.23, p less than 0.005) and plasma triglyceride (r = 0.27, p less than 0.005) levels were found. In addition, no effect on familial aggregation was found for each of several measures of family structure: number of juvenile household members, closeness in age, all children over 9 years of age, or shared surname. Two methods of classifying juvenile household size were compared. An association between classification method and juvenile household size was demonstrated (p less than 0.005) for the distributions of households and of children. The intraclass correlation coefficients for plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride for households classified by number of juveniles were higher than the coefficients for the house grouped by the number of juveniles admitted to the study, when compared for each classification number, 2 through 4. Evidence for an effect on familial aggregation of the socioeconomic status was shown by a comparison of intraclass correlation coefficients from households in East Baltimore with those from white and black households from the Columbia Medical Plan which have higher levels of occupation and education. Higher correlations were shown for the groups with higher socioeconomic status, regardless of race. PMID- 7304575 TI - An epidemiologic study of epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. AB - A case-control study to identify risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer was undertaken among women in the age group 45-74 years who had been admitted to seven hospitals in Connecticut between July, 1977, and March, 1979. Characteristics that were found to increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer included being white, never having been pregnant, having a late age at menopause, having a family history of cancer of the ovary or endometrium, and having a long estimated number of years of ovulation. Prior use of post-menopausal estrogens did not alter the risk for epithelial ovarian cancer, but there was some indication that oral contraceptives protect against ovarian cancer. Women with ovarian cancer were somewhat more likely to have had a history of an underactive thyroid and were somewhat less likely to have had a history of an overactive thyroid than controls, although these trends were not statistically significant. PMID- 7304576 TI - Surveillance of Reye syndrome in the United States, 1977. AB - Between December 1, 1976, and November 30, 1977, 454 cases of Reye syndrome were reported to the Centers for Disease Control by 43 states. Analysis of data about these cases revealed that Reye syndrome primarily affected white children under age 18 years, with a mean age of 7.7 years and bimodal incidence peaks in infancy and at age 6-7 years, was temporally and geographically associated with influenza B for about 75% of cases, but also occurred sporadically and not in association with influenza B activity. Although Reye syndrome was reported infrequently for non-white children aged one year or older, there was a high incidence in minority infants, and the case-fatality ratio in infants of all races was significantly higher than that of the older children. Favorable outcome was associated with prolonged interval between onset of prodromal illness and hospitalization, admission to hospital at a milder stage of illness, and treatment in hospitals with established pediatric training programs. PMID- 7304577 TI - Alcohol and other discriminants between cases of sudden death and myocardial infarction. AB - A register of acute coronary events in Auckland, New Zealand collected data on both cases of definite myocardial infarction not dying suddenly, and cases of sudden cardiac death. This paper compares these two syndromes with respect to several clinical and pathologic variables. The following variables discriminated between these two syndromes significantly: season of the year, painful prodromal symptoms, use of digoxin and/or furosemide, age, race, alcohol consumption over the previous one year. Possible biases and sources of confounding are discussed. Heavy alcohol consumers have a higher proportion of coronary events as sudden deaths. This proportionate increase is probably due, in part at least, to an absolute increase in the frequency of sudden death. The data are supportive of the idea that persons with a high alcohol consumption who also suffer myocardial infarction are more likely to die suddenly with the infarction. The rather conflicting data from many other studies are discussed. A model is proposed, based on reported data that could explain the present findings and those previously reported by others. PMID- 7304578 TI - Heart rate: a risk factor for cancer? AB - The relationship between heart rate and cancer mortality was examined in 3 Chicago epidemiologic studies: 1233 white men originally age 40-59 followed 18 years from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company study; 1899 white men originally age 40-55 followed 17 years from the Chicago Western Electric Company study; 5784 white men originally age 45-64 followed 5 years from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. There was a significant association between heart rate and cancer mortality in both univariate and multivariate analyses in men from the Gas Company study and in men from the Chicago Heart Association study, but there was no association between heart rate and cancer mortality in men from the Western Electric study. The relationship persisted in the Gas Company study but not in the Chicago Heart Association study after eliminating deaths within the first 2 years of follow-up. With cancer deaths broken down by the site, mortality from lung and colon cancer in the Gas Company study and mortality from lung cancer in the Chicago Heart Association study were significantly associated with baseline heart rate on univariate analysis and on bivariate analysis controlling for age. Only colon cancer in the Gas Company, however, remained associated with heart rate when other variables were controlled. Thus, in 2 of the 3 studies examined, heart rate appeared to be an independent risk factor for cancer mortality in men. PMID- 7304579 TI - Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism: mortality in a general population. AB - This report describes the basic epidemiologic characteristics of fatal pulmonary embolism as it was recognized in the adult white population of Washington County, Maryland, from 1963 to 1975. Demographic and personal characteristics considered are age, sex, marital status, educational level, adequacy of housing, cigarette smoking, and religious service attendance. There were 316 deaths with pulmonary embolism mentioned on the death certificate during the 12 years of this study. Death was attributed to pulmonary embolism in 55 instances (17%) and to other thromboembolic diseases in 41 cases (13%). Age and educational level were the only sociodemographic variables significantly associated with risk of fatal pulmonary embolism. Mortality rose logarithmically with age up to age 75. Persons with less than 8 years of schooling had the highest rates, but the association with educational level was not linear. There was a suggestion that cigarette smoking was also associated with the certified presence of pulmonary embolism at death. Heart disease and cancer were mentioned on the death certificates of persons dying with pulmonary embolism less often than on death certificates in general, casting doubt on an etiologic association. PMID- 7304580 TI - Exogenous estrogens and endometrial cancer: a case-control study and assessment of potential biases. AB - Eighty-eight cases with newly diagnosed carcinoma of the endometrium and 177 age matched neighborhood controls were interviewed to test the hypothesis that exogenous estrogens lead to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Forth-five per cent of the cases and 22% of the controls reported a history of estrogen use which yielded an odds ratio of 2.9 (confidence interval (Cl) 1.7-5.1). Women with five or more years of estrogen use had an odds ratio of 8.6 (Cl 3.2-23.0). Approximately 80% of the estrogen users had used conjugated equine estrogens. For these women the odds ratio was 4.0 (Cl 1.9-8.4) for daily dosages of more than 1 mg of estrogen. Several sources of bias which might affect the estrogen association were investigated. These included comparability of cases and controls, selection procedures, difference between estrogen users and nonusers, exclusion of controls who had hysterectomy, source of estrogen information, and differential recall. The concept or medical surveillance was evaluated by access to medical care and prior history of dilatation and curettage. The strong association between exogenous estrogen use and endometrial cancer remained after consideration for the effects of these biases. PMID- 7304581 TI - Independent risk factors of benign and malignant breast lesions. AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors of benign breast disease and to compare them with the known risk factors of breast cancer in order to make inferences on the relationship between benign breast disease and breast cancer. All benign breast lesions diagnosed from the population of the city of Tampere, Finland in 1974-1977 were reclassified by two pathologists into two groups of dysplasias and two groups of tumors. In the risk analysis of 422 age matched pairs no group of benign lesions had risk factors consistently similar to those of breast cancer. It is therefore likely that either benign breast disease is not associate with breast cancer or it is an independent risk factor, not associated with the other high risk indicators of breast cancer. PMID- 7304582 TI - A survey diagnostic tool for senile dementia. AB - To validate a senile dementia survey diagnostic tool, 195 individuals aged 61-91 and referred by their physicians as normal or mildly demented were examined. The etiologic diagnosis used as criterion was the consensus of two experienced neurologists, assisted by clinical and laboratory data from referring physicians and by neuropsychologic evaluation of questionably affected persons. Agreement between the neurologists was high, as indicated by a weighted Kappa coefficient of 0.97 (95% confidence interval (Cl) (0.94, 1.00)). Agreement between the instrument and criterion diagnosis was also excellent (kappa w = 0.93; 95% Cl (0.88, 0.98)). Used alone as a screening diagnostic tool, the cognitive function portion of the instrument was much more sensitive (0.929) than previously used brief tests and was acceptably specific (0.800). Because normals complete this cognitive test in 15-20 minutes, it should be a major advance in population-based studies of senile dementia and normal aging. PMID- 7304583 TI - Rates of symptoms of depression in a national sample. AB - This paper is an analysis of data on symptoms of depression in a nationwide sample of adults, collected during the National Center for Health Statistics' first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The data are analyzed by a statistical adjustment procedure which assesses the impact of the major sociodemographic variables simultaneously, instead of one by one, which avoids a former major source of confusion. The measure of depression is the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. With the exception of race, the study replicates earlier findings. The adjustment procedure facilitates generalization of the results to other populations which are not demographically comparable, such as to smaller locales in the United States, or to populations defined by some criterion variable. Comparison of results is made with earlier work that used the identical measure of depression in two separate locales. PMID- 7304584 TI - The relation of electronic fetal monitoring patterns to infant outcome measures in a random sample of term size infants born to high risk mothers. AB - In the rush to use a new medical technology the fact that relative risk is not a measure of the predictive validity of a variable is sometimes forgotten. In the present paper both the relative risk and predictive value of electronic fetal monitoring patterns are examined to see whether they are associated with problematic neonatal outcomes. It is shown that nonreassuring or ominous patterns are not good predictors of problematic neonatal outcomes. This suggests either that there is no risk associated with these patterns or if in fact there is such a risk, it is moderated by some as yet unknown variables between the time that the pattern is seen and the actual birth of the infant. This fact has implication for the management of labor and delivery using electronic monitoring equipment, since it appears that the use of such equipment will lead to a significant increase in the cesarean section rate. If this increase in the cesarean section rate comes about because of the assumed predictive value of a nonreassuring or ominous pattern, it may represent an unnecessary increase in cost and risk of delivery. PMID- 7304585 TI - Spontaneous abortion over time: comparing occurrence in two cohorts of women a generation apart. AB - A prospective study of menstrual cycles and reproductive outcomes has been in progress since 1935. Data from this study are used to describe the risk of spontaneous abortion in two time periods 26 years apart. Out of the total of 3889 women who have enrolled in this study, two cohorts of women are selected for analysis: cohort one consists of 2070 university students who entered the study in 1935-1944, and cohort two consists of 1375 students a generation later, 1961 1970. Cohort one has contributed 2408 pregnancies, and cohort two, 1493 pregnancies. Overall spontaneous abortion risk for the two cohorts is 16.9% and 13.1%, respectively. However age-specific risks of spontaneous abortion do not differ for the two groups, nor is there a difference in the gestational duration of spontaneously aborted pregnancies. PMID- 7304586 TI - The seroepidemiology of hepatitis in Papua New Guinea. I. A long-term study of hepatitis A. AB - Sera from 988 subjects in four ecologic zones of the Sepik district and 219 subjects from four widely spaced altitudes of the bismarck range in Papua New Guinea were tested for antibody to the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) by radioimmunoassay. The Sepik district subjects, mostly children between three months and six years of age when first sampled in 1963, were re-bled on four occasions over the ensuing nine years. The Bismarck range population was sampled only in 1964. In the Sepik district, anti-HAV was detected infrequently before the age of three years and showed maximum increase in prevalence rates between 7 10 years, with little increase thereafter. Antibody acquisition rates also indicated peak transmission in this age group, with fewer conversions between three months and six years of age and in adulthood. There was a consistent, though unexplained tendency for HAV infections to occur more frequently in proximity to the Sepik river than in areas farther away, and in the lower altitudes of the Bismarck range. As determined by serial samples, anti-HAV detected in 1963-1964 was still present in 1972 in 118 out of 119 subjects. PMID- 7304587 TI - The seroepidemiology of hepatitis in Papua New Guinea. II. A long-term study of hepatitis B. AB - Sera from 862 young children and 206 older subjects, living in four zones of the Sepik district in New Guinea, and obtained in March, August, December 1963, May 1964 and again in 1972, were tested for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers, surface antigen and antibody (HBsAg and anti-HBs) and core antibody (anti-HBc). This population was augmented by a group of adult women living at various altitudes in the Bismarck range area, upon whose sera the same tests were performed. There was a slight tendency for males to exceed females in HBV infections and in propensity to chronic carriage of HBsAg. HBV infections increased cumulatively with age in all ecologic zones studied, with no significant increase in prevalence after early adulthood. In the Sepik district, the HBV status of the population was relatively the same in 1963 and 1972. Overall, 64% of markers of HBV infection persisted over a nine-year period; anti HBc was more persistent than anti-HBs. Most HBsAg positive subjects detected were chronic carriers, 74% of whom retained detectable antigen for a least nine years. The study provided no evidence to support the hypothesis that mosquitoes are important vectors of HBV. The proportion of HBV infected subjects with chronic HBsAg was about 15%, similar to that found in Caucasians in other studies. This casts some doubt on the theory that tropical populations are especially predisposed to chronic HBV infection. PMID- 7304588 TI - Saturday night fever: a common-source outbreak of rubella among adults in Hawaii. AB - During the summer of 1977, an epidemic of rubella occurred among adults in Hawaii. The highest attack rate was in women 20-24 years old (226/100,000), with almost total sparing of young schoolchildren. A case-control investigation implicated a specific discotheque as a common place of exposure for persons with onset of disease during the epidemic peak (chi 2 = 12.9,p less than 0.001). A piano player/singer at the discotheque was the apparent source of the virus transmission. The large number of cases linked to this musician suggests that airborne transmission occurred while he was singing rather than by direct person to-person contact. Rubella vaccine was given to 6523 women in public clinics held during the epidemic. Despite screening for pregnancy and birth control usage, 23 women (3.5/1000) became pregnant within three months after receiving the vaccine. Eleven of 12 women who reportedly contracted natural rubella while pregnant elected to terminate their pregnancies; the 12th had a normal appearing infant. The susceptibility rate for all adults tested for rubella hemagglutination inhibition antibody was 36.9%, a rate similar to the found in earlier surveys in Hawaii. The occurrence of this epidemic confirms the changing epidemiology of rubella with respect to age distribution and supports the view that vaccination of young children may not be sufficient to protect adult women from exposure to rubella, especially in areas where a high proportion of adults remain susceptible. PMID- 7304589 TI - Confounding: essence and detection. AB - Confounding is examined from first principles. In follow-up studies a confounder is a predictor of diagnosing the illness--by being either a risk indicator or a determinant of diagnostic errors; in addition, it shows different distributions between the exposed and nonexposed series. In case-referent studies confounding can arise in two ways. A priori confounders are correlates of exposure in the joint source population of cases and reference subjects; also, they are determinants of diagnosing the illness or have different selection implications between cases and referents. In addition, factors bearing on the accuracy of exposure information are confounders if distributed differently between cases and referents. Criteria based singularly on relationships in the data can be misleading. Similarly, a change in the estimate and even a change in the parameter as a result of control is not a criterion rooted in first principles of confounding and can lead to a false conclusion. PMID- 7304590 TI - Age-specific secular changes in oral contraceptive use. PMID- 7304591 TI - Re: "Replacement estrogens and breast cancer": variance estimates in cohort studies with sampling for covariates. PMID- 7304593 TI - Guidelines for documentation of epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology Work Group of the Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group. PMID- 7304592 TI - Re: "Risk factors for benign breast disease". PMID- 7304594 TI - Commentary: the Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group "Guidelines for Documentation of Epidemiologic Studies". Joint Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Epidemiology Section (American Public Health Association) and the Society for Epidemiologic Research. PMID- 7304595 TI - Use of relative operating characteristic analysis in epidemiology. A method for dealing with subjective judgement. PMID- 7304596 TI - Sudden unexpected death in women: biologic and psychosocial origins. AB - The relationship of the risk of sudden death from arteriosclerotic heart disease to biologic and psychosocial factors was studied retrospectively in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, in 80 white women who died from arteriosclerotic heart disease during March, 1977-October, 1978, and in 80 age-matched neighborhood controls. All cases of sudden death in white women aged 25-64 years who died outside the hospital within 24 hours of onset of symptoms were ascertained. The overall autopsy rate was 63%. Detailed post-mortem examinations were conducted on 42 of 80 sudden cardiac cases. Cases were more often heavy smokers and had fewer children than the control population. Fifteen out of 80 women who died suddenly of heart disease and three controls had a definite history of psychiatric disease. Cases had more often experienced the death of a significant other within six months prior to their demise. Multiple regression analysis showed that cigarette smoking, psychiatric history and death of a significant other contributed significantly to differences between women who died suddenly and control women. Thirteen women died suddenly under the age of 45 years. Six of the 13 deaths were due to arteriosclerotic heart disease. These six women were all smokers, and four were currently taking oral contraceptives or estrogen replacements. PMID- 7304597 TI - Obesity, very low density lipoproteins, and glucose intolerance over fourteen years: The Framingham Study. AB - A total of 5082 men and women in the Framingham Heart Study population who were free of any glucose abnormality and aged 33 to 67 years were followed prospectively over 14 years for the occurrence of glucose intolerance. The diagnosis of glucose intolerance was defined as developing documented hyperglycemia or being placed on justified treatment by a physician. The 14-year incidence was 6.7% in men and 5.5% in women. Multivariate analysis was used and future glucose intolerance in men and women was highly associated with casual blood glucose, Metropolitan Relative Weight and very low density lipoproteins at the baseline exam. Other factors showed only sex-specific or univariate associations. Obesity and lipoprotein abnormalities were shown to be independent markers in the prediction of future glucose intolerance. PMID- 7304598 TI - Early age at first birth and decreased risk of breast cancer. AB - The relationship between age at birth of a first child and breast cancer was evaluated for 1159 affected women and 11,590 women without cancer in data collected in 1976 among married female registered nurses residing in 11 states in the United States. A positive trend of increasing risk of breast cancer with later ages at first birth was found (chi 2(1) for trend in proportions = 30.9, p less than 0.01). Adjustment for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression did not affect this trend. The presence of this relationship using non-hospitalized controls of similar social status to cases supports the reality of this association, which has recently been challenged as an artifact due to inappropriate choice of hospitalized controls. PMID- 7304599 TI - Exogenous estrogens and breast cancer. AB - Rates of breast cancer at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, Washington, a health maintenance organization, remained stable from 1972-1979 in women aged 30-44 years and in women aged 55-64 years, despite the fact that the frequency of use of estrogen-containing drugs has varied substantially. By contrast, rates of breast cancer in women aged 45-54 years appear to have fallen since 1977 in association with a substantial fall in estrogen use in women of this age group. The results are consistent with an etiologic role for current exogenous estrogen in breast cancer in middle-aged women. PMID- 7304600 TI - Dietary vitamin C and uterine cervical dysplasia. AB - A case-control study of women with cervical abnormalities identified through Pap smears, was conducted in the Bronx, New York, to explore the relationship between nutritional intake and cervical dysplasia. Nutrient intake was estimated from computer analysis of three-day food records and 24-hour recall for 169 study participants (87 cases, 82 controls), including a subset of 49 pairs matched for age, race and parity. Mean vitamin C intake per day from three-day food record for controls was 107 mg, compared to 80 mg for cases (p less than 0.01). Analysis of matched pairs showed similar results; 29% of cases compared to 3% of controls in matched subset had vitamin C intake less than 50% of the recommended daily allowance, yielding a ten-fold increase in risk of cervical dysplasia as estimated by odds ratio (p less than 0.05). Younger age, greater frequency of sexual intercourse and younger age at first intercourse were associated with higher risk of cervical dysplasia. Multiple logistic analyses indicated that low vitamin C intake is an independent contributor to risk of severe cervical dysplasia when age and sexual activity variables are controlled. Approximately 35% of US women in their reproductive years have daily vitamin C intake below 30 mg, and 68% have vitamin C intake below 88 mg. If other studies confirm these findings, it may be important to explore a possible protective role of supplementary vitamin C for women at high risk of cervical cancer. PMID- 7304601 TI - The association between season of birth and the risk for schizophrenia. AB - Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted to discover factors that might bear on the origins of schizophrenia. In general, the results of these studies have been contradictory. One consistent finding, however, is an association between season of birth and the risk for schizophrenia. This paper reports a test of the hypothesis that season of birth is associated with the risk for subgroups of the schizophrenic population. The results of regression analyses of data from Monroe County, New York, are reported. All white residents who were reported to have been diagnosed schizophrenic for the first time during the period January 1, 1969, to December 31, 1971, and who were hospitalized at least one day in the five-year period following the first schizophrenic diagnosis formed the group of schizophrenic patients. The population data used for the denominators of the incidence rates consisted of all white residents living in Monroe County, New York, as of April 1, 1970. An effect of month of birth on the risk for schizophrenia was related to the sex and the age of subsets of the whole population. PMID- 7304602 TI - Liver function abnormalities in the course of a type A (H1N1) influenza outbreak: relation to Reye's syndrome. AB - In the course of the A/Brazil (H1N1) outbreak of 1978-1979, two cases of Reye's syndrome occurred in Grayling, Michigan, an area with a county-wide population of 2056 school age children. School absenteeism peaked at levels between 16-28 per cent. Clinical histories and paired blood specimens were collected from 860 school children; the initial blood was obtained shortly after the peak of the outbreak. Serologic results confirmed that type A H1N1 virus was the cause of the outbreak. Serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values were determined on all initial blood specimens and a sample of the second specimens. CPK results did not correlate with infection, illness or SGPT values. SGPT values of 60 IU/l or greater were found in 1.5 per cent of those tested. The elevated values were not associated with illness but were associated with influenza infection. Based on the excess number with elevated results in those with recent infection, it is estimated that at least 2.7 per cent of individuals infected by type A (H1N1) influenza had associated elevated SGPT. PMID- 7304603 TI - Effect of chemical modification of sulfhydryl groups of human erythrocyte enzymes. AB - Erythrocyte lysate proteins by five methods were chemically modified by methanethiolation with methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS). This relatively newly studied agent delivers the small uncharged, non-hydrogen-bonding CH3S-group to accessible -SH groups under mild conditions. Glycolytic and nonglycolytic red cell enzymes studied could be grouped into four categories based on degree of catalytic inhibition by MMTS, which ranged from 100% to nil. NADH ((0.06 mM) protected against lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition nearly completely, and partial protection was evident at 1 microM concentrations. NAD was virtually ineffective at comparable molarities, and pyruvate failed to protect significantly. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) (but not 6-PGD) was protected by NADP (but minimally if at all by NADPH) at low molarities. Substrate G-6-P failed to protect. Mg++ alone protected enolase to a major degree against MMTS inhibition. Residual activities of several enzymes were rendered highly unstable to thermal stress, and in the case of selected enzymes, alteration of pH activity curves and catalytic activity at diminished substrate concentration was demonstrable. The highly specific modification of sulfhydryl groups of cysteinyl residues under mild conditions preserving other aspects of enzyme structure provides insights into the role of these most reactive of all amino side-chains in the enzyme proteins derived from human red cell lysates. PMID- 7304605 TI - Hemoglobin connecticut (beta 21 (B3) Asp leads to Gly): a hemoglobin variant with low oxygen affinity. AB - Electrophoretic analysis of a hemolysate from a young man undergoing a routine physical examination revealed an abnormal hemoglobin with a mobility similar to Hb S on cellulose acetate (pH, 8.4). This new variant, designated Hb Connecticut, was found in three generations of a family of Polish descent. Several individuals possessing the variant exhibited mild anemia. Structural analysis of the abnormal beta-chain indicated that the amino acid substitution was at position 21 (B3), and involved the replacement of aspartic acid with glycine. Oxygen dissociation studies revealed low oxygen affinity. The alkaline Bohr effect and the degree of cooperativity were unchanged. Analysis of the crystal structure of the variant suggested that the low oxygen affinity was due to the possible disruption of salt bridges between aspartic acid 21(B3) and lysines 61(ES) and 65(E9), changes that could lead to steric interference in oxygen binding. PMID- 7304604 TI - Characteristics of enzymes of erythrocytes from newborn infants and adults: activity, thermostability, and electrophoretic profile as a function of cell age. AB - THe level of enzyme activity, the enzyme thermostability profile, and the isozyme electrophoretic pattern were determined in young and old erythrocytes from newborn infants and adults and in samples from adult individuals with increased reticulocyte counts. Cord blood samples had higher levels of enzymatic activity for 12 of the 14 enzymes measured, adenylate kinase and phosphoglucomutase being the exceptions. The largest differences in activity between newborns and adults were for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase, while glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and pyruvate kinase showed the largest differences between young and old cells. The levels of activity of glutathione reductase, adenylate kinase, phosphoglucomutase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerokinase, and glucose phosphate isomerase in cord blood samples suggest the regulation of expression of these enzymes is different in fetal erythrocytes than in erythrocytes from an adult. Differences in the thermostability profile of enzymes from cells from different sources and/or of different ages were noted for 5 of 9 enzymes. No unique electrophoretically identifiable fetal isozymes were observed, although differences in isozyme distribution and staining intensity associated with cell source and/or cell age were noted for many of the 23 enzymes examined. Many of these differences in enzyme characteristics have the potential to be confused with genetic alterations in enzyme structure and function. PMID- 7304606 TI - The relationship between lymphocyte nuclear morphology and cell cycle stage in lymphoid neoplasia. AB - A significant percentage of lymphoid cells isolated from three lymphoid neoplasms (nodular lymphoma mixed cell type, mycosis fungoides, and Sezary syndrome) had tetraploid or near-tetraploid DNA content, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. In each case, a morphologically distinct population of cells with large, irregular nuclei was present, the percentage of which corresponded to the percentage of tetraploid cells. In a fourth case (diffuse "histiocytic" lymphoma), cells were sorted on the basis of DNA content from the G0-G1 compartment and compared morphologically to cells sorted from the S-G2(M) compartment. The G0-G1 cells has clumped nuclear chromatin, lacked prominent nucleoli, and had a mean nuclear diameter of 10.18 +/- 1.22 micrometer. The sorted cells with S-G2 (M) DNA content had one to several prominent nucleoli and less clumped nuclear chromatin, and they were significantly larger, with a mean nuclear diameter of 13.76 +/- 1.59 micrometer (p less than 0.00001). These preliminary results suggest that, in lymphoid malignancies, certain morphologic characteristics of individual lymphoid cells are related to their DNA content (level of ploidy) and/or the stage of the cell within its division cycle. PMID- 7304608 TI - Standardization of platelet function tests. AB - Methods for the standardization of several currently used platelet function tests (bleeding time, capillary fragility, platelet retention, platelet aggregation, platelet factor 3, and platelet volume profiles) are presented, Different variables than may interfere with the reproducibility of the results of each assay were identified and standardized. Using the standardized techniques, the range of normal values for each test was determined in a large population of normal volunteers and used to identify disease states by comparing patient results with those of the normal population. A format for presenting the entire profile of platelet function parameters is proposed. PMID- 7304607 TI - Morphologic and functional heterogeneity of chronic neutropenia of childhood with normal neutrophil colony formation in vitro. AB - In order to obtain further knowledge of chronic neutropenia of childhood, we studied nine neutropenic infants six to ten months of age by in vitro techniques, including bone marrow culture, electron microscopy, and chemotaxis assay. Eight of the nine patients had a benign clinical course and the bone marrow aspirates showed a reduced number of segmented neutrophils. The ninth patient had a moderately severe course and the bone marrow showed maturation arrest at the promyelocyte stage. Bone marrow cultures demonstrated that the in vitro neutrophil colony formation and production of colony-stimulating activity were normal in all of the eight patients studied. Neutrophils from one of the nine patients had ultrastructural abnormalities such as decrease in number of primary and secondary granules and the presence of myelin figures in primary granules. Neutrophil chemotaxis was defective in three of the nine patients. All of the six patients in whom the neutrophil colony formation in agar, the ultrastructure of neutrophils, and neutrophil chemotaxis were normal recovered from the neutropenia between 11 and 30 months of age. These in vitro parameters appear to be useful for evaluating chronic neutropenia of childhood. PMID- 7304609 TI - Complement-fixing platelet autoantibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - A 16-year-old male patient is described with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and, after two years, "warm" autoimmune hemolytic anemia (Evans syndrome) who transiently developed complement-fixing platelet autoantibodies. The autoreactivity of these antibodies was established by quantitative complement fixation as well as by absorption and elution studies using autologous platelets. We believe this to be the first documented case with this very rare and peculiar type of platelet autoantibody. PMID- 7304610 TI - Removing some impediments to development of America's third- and fourth generation health care delivery systems: legal aspects of computer medicine. PMID- 7304611 TI - Liability for personal injuries caused by defective medical computer programs. AB - During the past ten years, the use of computer programs in medicine has become increasingly prevalent. As these programs proliferate, however, their potential to injure patients also increases. Although the question of liability for personal injuries caused by defective medical computer programs has not been addressed by the courts, it is inevitable that this question will arise in a judicial forum. In this Article, the authors examine the questions a court will face when addressing this novel cause of action. They attempt to resolve some of these questions by exploring the relevant characteristics of medical computer programs and examining their relationship to the tort law doctrines of negligence and strict products liability. The authors conclude that medical computer programs will be treated as products by the courts, subjecting their manufacturers to strict liability in tort for any defects in the program that cause injury. As a result, the authors contend, hospitals are likely to face a new source of liability for patient injuries if, under the particular circumstances, they are deemed to be the manufacturer or the distributor of a medical computer program that causes an injury. PMID- 7304612 TI - Wiser than the laws?: the legal accountability of the medical profession. AB - This Article argues that many seemingly disparate questions in health law are related to the issue of how experts are to be held accountable to non-experts- how the principle that decisions should be made by those most affected is to be reconciled with the principle that decisions should be made by those with experience and training in the area. The basic subject matter of health law comprises a number of relationships between medical professionals, on the one hand, and laymen, on the other. In dealing with the proper allocation of decision making authority within these relationships, the Article considers the social role of medical profession, the theoretical issues in the accountability of expertise, and the nature of medical expertise. On the basis of this discussion, the Article develops principles that can be applied throughout health law. PMID- 7304613 TI - A response to controlling physician oversupply through certificate of need. PMID- 7304614 TI - Guilty but mentally ill: a retreat from the insanity defense. PMID- 7304615 TI - Magnesium content of antacids. PMID- 7304616 TI - Interest among Florida hospital pharmacists in microwave thawing of frozen intravenous medications. PMID- 7304617 TI - Continuous recording system for I.V. admixtures. PMID- 7304618 TI - Reducing occupational exposure to potential carcinogens in hospitals. PMID- 7304619 TI - Management control of drug administration programs. AB - The relationship between type of drug administration (pharmacy technician versus nurse) and the efficiency and effectiveness of managerial control systems was studied. The sample included pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses working at one hospital that used technicians for drug administration for 9 of 22 units. Pharmacists and technicians completed a questionnaire for a unit where technicians administered drugs and for a unit where they provided all pharmaceutical services except drug administration. Nurses completed one questionnaire regarding their patient unit. A total of 368 questionnaires were distributed; the response rate was 83.7%. Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, type of drug administration was the independent variable and complexity and variability of patient-unit technology were moderators of its effects on nine dependent variables. There was no main effect of type of drug administration or moderating effect of technology on number or percentage of medication errors. Pharmacists reported exercising more behavior control when supervising nurses than technicians. Nurses and technicians perceived that pharmacists exercised greater control on units where nurses performed drug administration tasks of low variability. While technicians and nurses provided drug administration services of similar quality, this study suggests that pharmacists can mange technicians more efficiently than nurses in drug administration tasks on units where the tasks are relatively routine. PMID- 7304620 TI - Developing guidelines for working with antineoplastic drugs. AB - The potentially hazardous properties of antineoplastic drugs and problems associated with the admixture and administration of injectable antineoplastics are reviewed. The mutagenicity of anticancer drugs, carcinogenicity testing in animals, carcinogenicity of antineoplastic agents in humans, and federal regulation of carcinogens are discussed. Concern in the literature regarding the handling of antineoplastic drugs in reviewed briefly, and guidelines for proper handling are suggested. Local hospital guidelines on the handling of antineoplastic drug products should be designed to protect health-care workers from unnecessary exposure to potential carcinogens. PMID- 7304621 TI - Recommendations for the safe handling of injectable antineoplastic drug products. AB - Routes through which health-care workers may be exposed to injectable antineoplastic drug products are reviewed, and recommendations developed by the National Institutes of Health for the safe handling of such products are presented. Routes of exposure are primarily through inhalation of the aerosolized drug product and by direct skin contact. The potential risks from repeated contact with injectable antineoplastic drug products can be controlled by the use of specific containment equipment and certain work techniques. It is recommended that all procedure involved in the preparation of injectable antineoplastics be performed in a Class II laminar flow biological safety cabinet. PMID- 7304623 TI - Structured competency-based hospital pharmacy internship program. AB - A structural competency-based internship program involving terminal behavioral objectives (TBOs) is described. The program is set up for three levels of interns; junior, senior grade B, and senior grade A. Each level has specific learning requirements and a minimum number of experience hours and TBOs to fulfill. Upon completion of the minimum hours for each level, the intern is evaluated by a committee of pharmacists and examined on his attainment of the TBOs. The order followed in the program allows the interns to progressively build a foundation for professional practice by exposing them to all areas of the pharmacy. All level advancements are accompanied by a salary increase. The program provides departmental staff coverage to the hospital all year. The student interns work approximately 40 hr/wk during the summer and 18 hr/wk during the academic year. The TBO-based program allows the students to gain 3300 hours of experience before they are licensed. This program is an essential complement to a student's scholastic work in his professional training as a hospital pharmacist. PMID- 7304622 TI - Legal status and organizational attitudes toward use of supportive personnel in pharmacy. AB - The status of supportive personnel in state pharmacy statutes and regulations and the attitudes toward supportive personnel of state pharmacy organizational representatives were studied. The board of pharmacy, pharmacy association, and hospital pharmacists' society of each state and the District of Columbia were surveyed by mail to determine legislative or regulatory control of supportive personnel and the attitudes towards the use of supportive personnel. Overall, 84% of the questionnaires were completed. In 21 states and the District of Columbia, nonpharmacist personnel were not mentioned in pharmacy laws or regulations. In the other 29 states, nonpharmacist personnel were allowed. Laws in 20 of these states specified ratios of technicians-to-pharmacists, usually 1:1. The term "supportive personnel" was most frequently used in these regulations. However, "pharmacy technician" was the term most frequently suggested as most appropriate by the respondents. Requirements for education and certification of supportive personnel are not common at this time. Hospital pharmacists' societies unanimously supported the use of technicians; slightly over half the boards of pharmacy and pharmacy associations did so. There is little uniformity currently in statutes or regulations concerning pharmacy supportive personnel. PMID- 7304624 TI - Staffing for comprehensive pharmaceutical services in a small hospital. AB - The use of licensed practical nurses as medication administration personnel under the administrative authority of the pharmacy department in a 140-bed hospital is described. The pharmacy department assumed responsibility for medication administration in its efforts to expand the scope and quality of its services and to control drug distribution more completely. A medication administration team (MAT) was developed that involves licensed practical nurses and technicians. The MAT members are trained through programmed instruction, on-the-job experiences, and a 32-hour pharmacology course taught by staff pharmacists. This medication administration team gives the pharmacy department control of the entire drug distribution system. PMID- 7304625 TI - Pharmacist involvement in an endocrinology clinic. AB - The patient-care activities of pharmacists involved in the operation of an endocrinology clinic are described. During the patient's initial clinic visit, the pharmacist completes a medication profile by interviewing the patients and reviewing each patient's medication. The clinic also serves as a teaching laboratory. Pharmacy students gain experience interviewing, obtaining medication profiles, evaluating drug-related problems, and conveying their findings to the physician. The pharmacists' activities include: (1) explaining the prescribed medication to the patients on a one-to-one basis, (2) discussing the importance of compliance with the family members who motivate and reinforce positive behavior, (3) fostering relationships with the patients, physicians, and other patient-care personnel, and (4) helping the patients obtain medications that are not commonly found in community pharmacies. Pharmacist involvement in an endocrinology clinic can be an effective means of ensuring patient compliance and enhancing interdisciplinary participation, and it can serve as a clinical learning experience for pharmacy students. PMID- 7304626 TI - Technical problems associated with the production of technetium Tc 99m tin(II) pyrophosphate kits. AB - The amount of tin(II) required for adequate reduction, complexation, and stability of technetium Tc 99m pertechnetate in radiopharmaceutical kits, and methods of preventing the loss of tin(II) during formulation of these lyophilized kits are investigated. Tin(II) loss from stannous chloride solutions was studied under several conditions, including room air versus nitrogen atmospheres, during vial filling in a laminar-flow hood with samples frozen on dry ice versus samples at room temperature, during lyophilization, and during storage under refrigerated, ambient, and elevated temperatures. Various amounts of stannous chloride, ranging from 5 to 1000 microgram/ml, were used in formulating sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m kits containing 100 mCi technetium Tc 99m and 0.4 microgram total technetium. Samples were removed at various times; hydrolyzed technetium, pertechnetate, and technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate were isolated on instant thin layer chromatography-silica gel and quantified with a scintillation counter. The time necessary to deoxygenate distilled water by nitrogen purging was measured. Several sources of stannous chloride were assayed for tin(II) content. Tin(II) loss occurs rapidly in solution (15% in one hour) unless continuously protected with nitrogen, and during vial filling in a laminar-flow hood unless frozen with dry ice. No substantial loss of tin(II) was detected during lyophilization or during storage of lyophilized product at any of the three temperatures. A minimum of 400 microgram tin(II) was required to provide 90% technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate at six hours after preparation. Adequate deoxygenation of small quantities (450 ml) of water was accomplished in less than one hour. Some stannous chloride salts were highly oxidized in the dry state, and only high purity elemental tin wire gave acceptable yields of tin(II). PMID- 7304627 TI - Effect of cardiac drugs on imaging studies with thallous chloride Tl 201. AB - The effects of commonly used cardiac drugs on cardiac imaging with thallium-201 labeled thallous chloride were studied. This retrospective study included 62 men ranging in age from 37 to 70 years who had cardiac imaging attempted with thallium during an eight-month period. Seven drugs were being used by at least eight patients each--propranolol, nitroglycerin ointment, isosorbide dinitrate, digoxin, hydrochlorothiazide, potassium chloride, and quinidine. Myocardial-to background (M/Bk) ratios were calculated for each patient. No drug consistently affected the M/Bk ratios. The lowest M/Bk ratio was found in patients receiving digoxin, but there was no significant difference between the M/Bk ratios for patients taking digoxin (1.38 +/- 0.16) and those not taking digoxin (1.45 +/- 0.10) (0.05 less than p less than 0.10, Student's t test). It is concluded that the drugs studied do not affect cardiac imaging with thallous chloride Tl 201. PMID- 7304628 TI - Compatibility of netilmicin sulfate injection with commonly used intravenous injections and additives. AB - The compatibility and stability of netilmicin sulfate in a concentration of 3 mg/ml in 37 intravenous injections and in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection with 26 commonly used additives were studied. Compatibility between an intravenous administration set and selected admixtures were also evaluated. The admixtures were stored at 4 and 25 degrees C for seven days. After mixing and on days 1, 3, and 7, all admixtures were evaluated for netilmicin potency, pH, color, osmolarity, and clarity. A microbiological assay was used to measure netilmicin potency. No changes in netilmicin potency, pH, osmolarity, color, or clarity were observed in any of the 37 netilmicin sulfate admixtures. Similarly, no changes in pH, osmolarity, or clarity were seen in the admixtures of netilmicin sulfate with a second additive. Netilmicin activity was retained for seven days in 22 of the 26 admixtures with a second additive. Netilmicin sulfate in admixtures with multivitamin injection or vitamin B complex (Upjohn) was stable for only one day; with diphenhydramine hydrochloride or neostigmine methylsulfate, for only three days. No incompatibilities between the intravenous infusion set and admixtures of netilmicin sulfate were apparent. Netilmicin sulfate injection is compatible and stable for at least seven days stored at 4 and 25 degrees C when mixed in 37 intravenous injections, and when mixed individually with 22 additives in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection. PMID- 7304629 TI - Effect of microwave radiation on the stability of frozen cefoxitin sodium solution in plastic bags. AB - The effect of microwave radiation on the stability of frozen cefoxitin sodium solutions was investigated. The i.v. fluids used as vehicles for the 1-g admixtures of cefoxitin sodium were 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in 50-ml and 100-ml polyvinyl chloride flexible containers. The antibiotic small-volume parenteral solutions were frozen at -20 degrees C for 72 hours and thawed by microwave radiation. Before and after the freeze-thaw process, the solutions were observed for changes in appearance with a light and dark field visual surveillance technique. In addition, pH determinations were made with a microprocessor ionanalyzer, and high-performance liquid chromatographic determinations of concentration were performed. No significant drug concentration changes were detected and no visible changes were observed. The pH changes were minimal. Microwave radiation can reduce thawing time of antibiotic admixtures. In this study, the stability of cefoxitin sodium solutions was not affected by the freeze-thaw process. PMID- 7304630 TI - Stability of lidocaine hydrochloride in 5% dextrose injection in plastic bags. AB - The stability of lidocaine injection mixed with 5% dextrose injection and refrigerated or stored at room temperature was studied. Lidocaine injection was added to 5% dextrose injection to provide a lidocaine hydrochloride concentration of 4 mg/ml. Samples were assayed for lidocaine and its degradation product, 2,6 dimethylaniline, after 30, 60, and 120 days of storage at room temperature (30 degrees C) and refrigerated temperature (4 degrees C). The analysis was by a stability-indicating HPLC method. Degradation product 2,6-dimethylaniline was not detected at any assay time at either temperature. No statistically significant loss of lidocaine occurred at either temperature. Lidocaine hydrochloride injection is chemically stable for up to 120 days at either 30 degrees C or 4 degrees C when mixed with 5% dextrose injection in plastic infusion bags. PMID- 7304631 TI - Luciferase assay to detect bacterial contamination of intravenous fluids. PMID- 7304632 TI - Comparative bioavailability of sustained-release and uncoated aspirin tablets. AB - Plasma salicylate concentrations during multiple-dose administration of an uncoated and a sustained-release aspirin preparation were compared. Eight healthy adult subjects were given aspirin 2.6 g/day as sustained-release and uncoated tablets in two and four divided doses, respectively, for five-day periods in a crossover design. Treatment regimens were compared on the basis of five plasma salicylate concentrations measured during the fourth and fifth days of drug administration. Although there was considerable intersubject variation, no significant differences in salicylate concentrations (p less than or equal to 0.05) were found between treatments at any sampling time using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test or analysis of variance. Sustained-release aspirin preparations are capable of producing plasma salicylate concentrations comparable with those produced by uncoated aspirin tablets administered more frequently. PMID- 7304633 TI - Hemodialysis clearance of ethosuximide in patients with chronic renal disease. AB - Clearance of ethosuximide by hemodialysis was studied. Four patients with chronic renal disease supported by hemodialysis were given ethosuximide 500 mg four hours before dialysis. Samples of arterial and venous blood and dialysate were collected before and during the four-hour dialysis procedure. Ethosuximide concentration was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The extraction efficiency for the dialysis systems used in this study ranged from 61.1 to 100%, and dialysis clearance was from 122.3 to 156.3 ml/min. Recovery of ethosuximide from the dialysate was 38.8 to 52.4% of the administered dose. Hemodialysis reduced the elimination half-life of ethosuximide from a presumable value of 55 hours to an average of 3.5 hours. The authors concluded that ethosuximide is dialyzable. Hemodialysis patients concurrently receiving ethosuximide may require a supplemental dose or an altered ethosuximide dosing schedule. Because hemodialysis quickly clears ethosuximide, it may be useful in treating ethosuximide overdosage. PMID- 7304634 TI - Cimetidine clearance during intermittent and chronic peritoneal dialysis. AB - A case report evaluating the clearance of cimetidine during intermittent peritoneal dialysis and chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is presented. A 50 year-old white man with end-stage renal disease using chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was hospitalized with uremic pericarditis. He was treated with indomethacin and aggressive intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Cimetidine 300 mg every 12 hours was prescribed for ulcer prophylaxis. After taking cimetidine for seven days, the clearance of cimetidine during intermittent peritoneal dialysis was evaluated by collecting blood and dialysate samples during a four hour dialysis period. The patient was discharged using chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Cimetidine 300 mg every 12 hours was continued. One week after discharge, the clearance of cimetidine during a four-hour dwell period of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was measured. Cimetidine clearance was approximately 4 ml/min for both intermittent and chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clinically unimportant quantities of cimetidine were removed by intermittent and chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The need for supplemental doses of cimetidine during peritoneal dialysis is not supported. PMID- 7304635 TI - Legality of mandatory continuing professional education. AB - The legality of state requirements that professionals participate in continuing professional education is discussed. The historical development of the requirement in pharmacy is reviewed, and the legal doctrine of police power is considered as the basis for legal requirements in this area. The need for a statutory basis for this condition is presented, and court cases wherein such requirements have been challenged are reviewed. There must be statutory authorization for imposing continuing education requirements for professionals, and the statute and regulations affecting the rule must not infringe on an individual's constitutional rights. PMID- 7304636 TI - Paradoxical hypertension experienced during methyldopa therapy. PMID- 7304637 TI - Self-medication with aspirin in hospitalized patients in Argentina. PMID- 7304638 TI - Minimal credentials for pharmacists in a mental health institution. PMID- 7304639 TI - Reaching the rural elderly through the Council on Aging network. PMID- 7304641 TI - ASHP survey of use of pharmacy technicians. PMID- 7304640 TI - In vitro adsorption of theophylline by antacids. PMID- 7304642 TI - Administrative directives for clinical practice. AB - Factors that will influence the future of comprehensive pharmaceutical services are discussed, and administrative strategies for developing clinical pharmacy services in hospitals are presented. The future of clinical pharmacy practice will be affected by: (1) health-manpower levels; (2) the trend toward centralized, prospective payment for health services; (3) emphasis on cost containment; and (4) the quality of existing pharmaceutical services. Of primary importance to the development of clinical services is to have in place a centralized, unified pharmaceutical service. A staff of qualified practitioners, as well as executive direction to determine goals and priorities, is needed. Valid clinical roles should be identified that meet health-care needs, meet legal and accreditation standards, avoid conflict with physician-roles help deal with the nursing shortage, and contain health-care costs. Cost of the clinical service must be determined so that financial support can be arranged. PMID- 7304643 TI - Strategic planning for clinical services. PMID- 7304644 TI - Orthostatic hypotension: a commonly unrecognized cause of symptoms in mitral valve prolapse. AB - To test the hypothesis that orthostatic hypotension could represent an alternative mechanism contributing to the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, the systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures were measured in the supine and standing positions in 86 patients with the diagnosis confirmed by echocardiography. Orthostatic hypotension was demonstrated in 12 patients. Ten of them presented with a history of recurrent lightheadedness, dizziness or syncope and constitute 59 percent of the total number of patients with such symptoms in this series. Although nine of these 10 patients reported transient lightheadedness or dizziness during periods of ambulatory electrocardiographic recording, in only one were the symptoms chronologically related to cardiac arrhythmias. On the other hand, eight of them described lightheadedness and two experienced near-syncope during the postural test in association with the orthostatic drop in blood pressure. Improvement in symptoms and correction of the orthostatic hypotension were demonstrated in seven patients after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Before therapy, the mean systolic blood pressure dropped from 114 +/- 3 mm Hg in the supine position to 78 +/- 1 mm Hg upon standing (p less than 0.001). In repeated postural tests performed after four weeks of treatment, the systolic blood pressure changed from 120 +/- 3 mm Hg supine to 115 +/- 1 mm Hg upon standing (p greater than 0.01). We conclude that orthostatic hypotension is a commonly unrecognized mechanism responsible for some of the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, particularly in patients affected by recurrent lightheadedness, dizziness or syncope. PMID- 7304645 TI - Avascular necrosis of bone complicating treatment of malignant lymphoma. AB - Over a 15-year period, 12 patients were seen at the Ontario Cancer Institute in whom avascular necrosis of bone development after or during treatment for malignant lymphoma. All but one were treated with systemic chemotherapy that included high-dose intermittent corticosteroids. The average time of onset of symptoms was 34 months (range, eight of 72 months) after an average of 9.0 g of prednisone (range, 1.4 to 18.75 g). The one exception was a patient with Hodgkin's disease treated by pelvic radiation alone who had development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head within one month of irradiation. More than one joint was involved in 58 percent of patients. Six patients required surgery (usually hip replacement) but two patients had no evidence of deterioration over many years (average, seven years) and three patients had minimal symptoms easily controlled by mild analgesics up to six years after diagnosis. The evidence implicating corticosteroids in the development of avascular necrosis is presented and the various hypotheses of pathogenesis are reviewed. The predominance of Hodgkin's disease over non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (5:1) in this and other series and the identification of one patient with Hodgkin's disease with development of avascular necrosis within one month of radiotherapy treatment suggests that Hodgkin's disease itself may predispose to this condition. PMID- 7304646 TI - Outbreak of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in members of a wagon train. AB - In August 1980, an outbreak of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis occurred among participants in a wagon train as it traveled through eastern Tennessee. Of the 85 people on the train 69 (81 percent) had evidence of infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. Fifty-four people had symptomatic disease. The source of infection was traced to the site of a former winter blackbird roost in Charleston, Tennessee, that had been partially cleared five years earlier to make a park. Fourteen of 25 soil samples from this site were culture-positive for H. capsulatum. This is the first reported outbreak to involve a large migrant group. The outbreak is unusual in that exposure occurred without excavation, construction or tree-cutting at the site. PMID- 7304647 TI - Adverse effects of liquid protein fast on the handling of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus. AB - We have studied the effect of a vitamin- and potassium-supplemented liquid protein fast on mineral metabolism of six obese subjects (five women, 1 man) for 40 days. Each patient was admitted to a metabolic ward and was given daily 300 Kcal, 75 mg of calcium, 406 mg of phosphorus, 7 mg of magnesium, 33 meq of potassium, and 11.5 g of nitrogen. Urinary calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels were greatest during the first week, but decreased as the fast continued to 21, 31 and 300 percent, respectively, above intake. Cumulative urinary losses of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were 58, 75 and 500 percent greater, respectively, than the cumulative intake. Fecal losses for calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were less than urinary losses throughout the study. Cumulative fecal losses of magnesium were more than 30 percent greater than dietary intake. Mean daily balances were -104 mg (calcium), -48 mg (magnesium) and -363 mg (phosphorus). Serum phosphorus and magnesium levels did not change. However, serum calcium levels decreased (-0.5 mg/dl, p less than 0.05). Serum bicarbonate levels decreased 20 percent during the first 8 days of the fast, at which time urinary ammonium was maximal, but later returned to control values despite sustained increases in serum and urinary acids throughout the fast. Ammonium excretion was 260 to 300 percent above control values. Urinary titratable acid excretion was greatest early in the fast but subsequently decreased as the excretion of phosphorus declined. Titratable acid accounted for less of the excreted acid (7 to 21 percent) than did ammonia (70 to 90 percent). It is concluded that a liquid protein fast results in negative mineral balance that is not reflected by serum values and is due primarily to renal losses. The losses of magnesium were proportionally greater than those of calcium and phosphorus. These studies indicate that a liquid protein fast results in depletion of the intracellular and/or skeletal stores of these minerals. PMID- 7304648 TI - Prednisone-induced leukocytosis. Influence of dosage, method and duration of administration on the degree of leukocytosis. AB - The long-term pattern of prednisone-induced leukocytosis was examined in 80 patients. Our results disclosed an extremely variable leukocytic responses, in which the white blood cell count surpassed 20,000/mm3 as early as the first day of treatment, an increase that persisted for the duration of therapy. Although the degree of leukocytosis was related to the dosage administered, it did appear sooner with higher doses. Leukocytosis reached maximal values within two weeks in most cases, after which the white blood cell count decreased, albeit not to pretreatment levels. The leukocytosis was attributed predominantly to a rise in the polymorphonuclear white blood cells, a phenomenon that coincided with monocytosis, eosinopenia and a variable degree of lymphopenia. It can be concluded that even small doses of prednisone, administered over a prolonged period of time, can induce extreme and persistent leukocytosis. This observation is of consequence especially when infection is suspected, particularly in an immunocompromised host. However, a shift to the left in the peripheral white blood cells, i.e., more than 6 percent band forms, and the appearance of toxic granulation may assist in the differential diagnosis between infection, in which the latter are observed, and corticosteroid-induced leukocytosis, in which they are rare. PMID- 7304649 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma. Retrospective study of 90 cases with particular emphasis on the familial occurrence, ethnic background and prevalence of other diseases. AB - Identification of familial cases of Kaposi's sarcoma may help elucidate the role of genetic factors in this disease. To assess the prevalence of familial occurrences, the ethnic distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma and the prevalence of other diseases in our patient population, we have reviewed all cases of Kaposi's sarcoma seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1954 and 1975. Each patient was categorized on the basis of sex, age of onset of Kaposi's sarcoma, ethnic background, nativity, family history of Kaposi's sarcoma and prevalence of other diseases. Only one documented occurrence of familial Kaposi's sarcoma was found out of 90 cases reviewed. The frequency of familial Kaposi's sarcoma in our patient population supports the findings of other investigators. An ethnic predominance of Kaposi's sarcoma was substantiated, with most patients being immigrants from high-incidence areas (54 of 77) and predominantly of Jewish and italian heritage (52 Jewish and 17 Italian of 87). PMID- 7304650 TI - Maternal and fetal complications of pregnancy in the Marfan syndrome. AB - The medical literature reports 32 women affected by the Marfan syndrome who had at least one pregnancy; 16 died of and four survived acute aortic dissection. Most of the women who suffered an aortic complication in association with pregnancy had pre-existing aortic regurgitation, aortic root dilatation or other severe cardiovascular problem. Because women with the Marfan syndrome usually desire children, our clinic records were reviewed and patients were contacted to determine a more representative estimate of maternal risks. The pregnancy histories of women with the Marfan syndrome were compared with those of spouses of men with the Marfan syndrome and those of mothers of a sporadic (new mutation) child with the Marfan syndrome. One of 26 women with the Marfan syndrome died shortly after pregnancy of endocarditis; she was the only woman to have a severe, pre-existing cardiovascular condition. The prevalences of milder pregnancy associated cardiovascular and general complications did not differ among the study groups. The rate of early spontaneous abortion was higher in women with the Marfan syndrome than in either control group. These results suggest the risk of maternal death is low in women with the Marfan syndrome who have minimal cardiovascular disease. Women with the Marfan syndrome should be counseled regarding pregnancy risks only after review of their cardiovascular status, including an echocardiographically determined aortic root diameter. PMID- 7304651 TI - The lung in systemic lupus erythematosus. Analysis of the pathologic changes in 120 patients. AB - The nature and frequency of pulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is controversial. We reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 120 patients with SLE described in autopsy records at The Johns Hopkins Hospital to determine the pulmonary parenchymal changes that could be attributed directly to SLE. Each case was reviewed to determine the extent of extrapulmonic SLE and possible alternative explanations for the observed lung pathology. Moderate or severe pulmonary parenchymal alterations that were attributed to SLE were found in 22 patients (18 percent). Five patients with interstitial fibrosis, two with pulmonary vasculitis, and one with pulmonary hematoxylin bodies were attributable only to SLE, as were 11 of 15 (73 percent) patients with interstitial pneumonitis. Alternative explanations for findings previously attributed to SLE included congestive heart failure, renal failure, infection, aspiration, oxygen toxicity and increased intracranial pressure. Alveolar hemorrhage, thought to be a feature of acute lupus pneumonitis, was unexplained in only two of 29 (7 percent) patients, alveolar wall necrosis was unexplained in one of seven (14 percent) and edema was unexplained in three of 70 (4 percent). Hyaline membranes, present in four patients, were always explained. Pleuritis and pleural effusions were attributed to SLE in 22 of 36 (61 percent) and three of 28 (11 percent) patients, respectively. The findings suggest that many nonspecific pulmonary lesions previously attributed to SLE, such as alveolar hemorrhage, alveolar wall necrosis, edema and hyaline membranes, are probably secondary to intercurrent infection, congestive heart failure, renal failure or oxygen toxicity. PMID- 7304652 TI - Clinical recognition of giant left ventricular aneurysm. AB - The noninvasive diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysm has markedly improved with gated blood pool scintigraphy. However, in patients with giant anterior ventricular aneurysms, the gated blood pool scintigram performed in two standard views (anterior and 40 degree left anterior oblique) may incorrectly suggest ischemic cardiomyopathy. We retrospectively identified five patients who underwent resection of a ventricular aneurysm over a 2 1/2 year period and who had preoperative scintigraphic studies that appeared to show severe diffuse left ventricular dysfunction. contrast ventriculography demonstrated preserved wall motion in septal, inferior and lateral segments not seen by gated blood pool scintigraphy and showed extraordinarily large anterior aneurysms. M-mode or two dimensional echocardiograms showed intact posterior wall function in all patients, suggesting severe regional myocardial disease rather than global dysfunction. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed additional segments with preserved function as well as discrete aneurysms in all patients. We conclude that gated blood pool scintigraphy, when performed in two standard views, may fail to correctly diagnose some patients with very large anterior wall aneurysms. M-mode echocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography and additional scintigraphic views that visualize the posterior portions of the left ventricle improve noninvasive diagnosis of patients with resectable giant left ventricular aneurysms. PMID- 7304653 TI - The comparative value of serum thyroglobulin measurements and iodine 131 total body scans in the follow-up study of patients with treated differentiated thyroid cancer. AB - This study is an attempt to unify the evaluation of patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer after ablative therapy. As such serum thyroglobulin determinations on and off thyroid hormone (T4) therapy and iodine 131 total body scans were examined in 53 patient studies. No metastases were found in patients whose thyroglobulin value was undetectable (less than 1 ng/ml). Values during T4 therapy that were detectable, even as low as 4.2 ng/ml, were occasionally associated with metastases. After T4 withdrawal, thyroglobulin value and scan were obtained. Neither metastasis nor clinically detectable cancer was found in patients whose thyroglobulin value was less than 10 ng/ml while off T4. Conversely, a value greater than 10 ng/ml was often associated with documented metastases even when the scan was negative. In summary, a thyroglobulin value less than 1 ng/ml during T4 therapy or less than 10 ng/ml off T4 therapy suggests successful therapy and a routine scan could be avoided unless clinically indicated. However, a value greater than 10 ng/ml suggests the presence of metastasis despite a negative scan. Thyroglobulin determination substantially improves the management of these patients. PMID- 7304654 TI - Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis and diarrhea with vancomycin. AB - Toxigenic Clostridium difficle is the major cause of antibiotic-associated colitis and is susceptible to vancomycin at fecal concentrations achieved with oral therapy. The effect of oral vancomycin was studied in 16 patients with C. difficile-related diarrhea or colitis, 12 of whom had colitis documented by endoscopy, biopsy, and/or barium enema. Four patients had antibiotic-associated diarrhea and possibly antibiotic-associated colitis, because sigmoidoscopy either showed normal results (two patients) or was not performed (two patients). Nineteen episodes of diarrhea were treated with oral vancomycin in two dosage regimens for three to 14 days. Twelve patients received 2 g daily, and four patients initially received 1 g or less per day. Within 48 hours of the start of vancomycin therapy, 14 of 16 patients (87 percent) showed a decrease in temperature, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Diarrhea ceased completely within two days of the start of vancomycin in nine episodes, within three to seven days in six episodes, and within eight to 14 days in the remaining four episodes, and within eight to 14 days in the remaining four episodes. Diarrhea recurred in two of these patients (12 percent) when the drug inciting the initial episode of colitis was given again 42 days or more after vancomycin therapy was stopped; both patients responded again to retreatment with vancomycin. Oral vancomycin is an effective treatment of C. difficile-related colitis and diarrhea. PMID- 7304655 TI - Exaggerated pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine in nonazotemic diabetes mellitus. AB - Pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) or angiotensin II (AII) were studied in 27 diabetic patients without heart or renal failure and in 27 normal subjects. Mean plasma or 24-hour urinary sodium, blood volume and preinfusion plasma NE levels were similar in diabetic and normal subjects; exchangeable sodium was higher (p less than 0.02) and preinfusion plasma renin activity (PRA) was slightly lower in diabetic patients. The NE pressor and threshold doses were lower in diabetic patients than in normal subjects (76 versus 141 and 16 versus 41 ng/kg/min, respectively; p less than 0.05). The AII pressor dose also tended to be lower in diabetic patients (7.2 versus 11.9 ng/kg/min; p less than 0.05), but the AII threshold dose did not differ between the two groups (1.1 versus 1.6 ng/kg/min). These findings were similar in the diabetic subgroup without or with retinopathy (N = 13 and 14, respectively) and in those with normal or high blood pressure (N = 17 and 10, respectively). These observations suggest that in nonazotemic diabetes mellitus increases in AII pressor responsiveness are associated with a concomitant reduction in PRA. However, cardiovascular pressor responsiveness to NE tends to be exaggerated despite normal plasma NE levels and this alteration may occur already in the normotensive stage of diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular hyperresponsiveness in diabetic subjects may be related to excess body sodium or structural alterations in the vasculature, or both. PMID- 7304656 TI - Successful treatment of Legionella micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent) pneumonia with erythromycin. AB - Optimal treatment of Legionella micdadei pneumonia has not been established, although in vitro studies have shown the pathogen to be sensitive to erythromycin. At our institution, L. micdadei pneumonia was diagnosed in six patients over a one and one-half year period. All patients were immunocompromised and had a typical clinical syndrome; in four of six, diagnosis was made by isolation of the pathogen. All patients received erythromycin (2 to 4 g daily) for 12 to 27 days, and five of six recovered completely. One patient improved initially but died four weeks later from Serratia marcescens pneumonia and septicemia. Although L. micdadei may cause life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts, prompt diagnosis and institution of erythromycin therapy can result in a favorable outcome. PMID- 7304657 TI - Single-dose cefaclor therapy of urinary tract infection. Evaluation of antibody coated bacteria test and C-reactive protein assay as predictors of cure. AB - The efficacy of single-dose (cefaclor, 2 g orally) and multidose (cefaclor, 250 mg orally three times a day for 10 days) antibiotic regimens in the therapy of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) in nonpregnant women were compared. The patient's clinical status and results of urine cultures were compared in retrospect with the results of the antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) test and C-reactive protein (CRP) test in order to determine if either test would predict the patient's response. Overall, 10 of 30 patients (33 percent) and 18 of 22 patients (81 percent) given single doses and multidoses, respectively, had negative urine cultures four weeks after completion of therapy. A negative urine culture at four weeks correlated with a negative ACB test utilizing the less inclusive criteria for negativity (less than 5 bacteria with fluorescence in 5 minutes of search) but not with a negative ACB test utilizing the more inclusive criteria (less than 10 percent bacteria with fluorescence) or with a negative CRP test. The cure rate in the ACB-negative single-dose group (7 of 9 patients) utilizing the less inclusive criteria for negativity was similar to the cure rate in the ACB-negative multidose group (8 of 10 patients). This study suggests that the ACB test, if properly standardized, might permit identification of a population of patients with UTI who would respond to single-dose cefaclor therapy. PMID- 7304659 TI - Reporting of phosphate and phosphorus plasma values. PMID- 7304658 TI - Rapid correction of hyponatremia: cause of pontine myelinolysis? PMID- 7304660 TI - Sudden death associated with thyroid hormone abuse. AB - Three patients with hyperthyroidism due to deliberate intake of excessive amounts of L-thyroxine are described wherein death was "instantaneous" and presumably due to ventricular fibrillation. Hyperthyroidism was not recognized on admission in two of these patients because of atypical presentations. Autopsy was performed in two patients. In one patient no coronary disease was present and focal myocarditis with leukocytic infiltration was noted. The second patient had an acute posterior myocardial infarction due to acute coronary thrombosis, but focal areas of leukocytic infiltration and fibrosis were also seen in the anterior wall not involved in the process of infarction. Factitious hyperthyroidism due to L thyroxine abuse can be associated with sudden death in the absence of coronary artery disease and may be related to a drug induced myocarditis. PMID- 7304661 TI - Oral clotrimazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. AB - Several antifungal regimens had failed to relieve severe, recurrent esophageal candidiasis in a 75 year old woman without predisposing disease whose serum transiently inhibited the candidacidal capacity of her polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Treatment with oral nystatin suspension was unsuccessful, whereas intravenous amphotericin B and miconazole induced only transient responses. Oral 5-fluorocytosine induced severe nausea and vomiting, and was discontinued. Oral clotrimazole troches produced prompt and sustained eradication of the patient's candidal esophagitis. PMID- 7304662 TI - Multiple bilateral myxomas demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - The two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographic detection of multiple atrial myxomas is described in an asymptomatic patient with a family history of myxomas. Surgery was subsequently performed without resort to cardiac catheterization studies. Echocardiographic techniques correctly delineated the number and size of the tumors, as well as their site of attachment, mobility and degree of interference with cardiac function. PMID- 7304663 TI - Pyomyositis: tropical disease in a temperate climate. AB - Two cases of pyomyositis or bacterial abscess of striated muscle in adults are presented. One patient was initially diagnosed as having acute thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity. Computerized tomography was helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis. The other patient presented with a closed compartment syndrome following blunt trauma. Both patients responded to open drainage and antibiotic therapy, although the diagnosis was delayed for over three weeks in one patient. Although common in the tropics, pyomyositis is unusual in the temperate zone. Unfamiliarity with this entity remains the major obstacle to appropriate management. PMID- 7304664 TI - Invasive aspergillosis of the lung and pericardium in a nonimmunocompromised 33 year old man. AB - In a 33 year old man with no discernible immunologic defect, invasive aspergillosis developed in both the pericardium and lung with marked granulomatous reaction. The patient received 2 g of intravenous amphotericin B over eight weeks, with partial regression of the pulmonary infiltrate and disappearance of symptoms. However, five months later, he returned with marked progression of his disease. Evaluation of host defense, including granulocyte and lymphocyte function, was normal. The patient was given an additional 3g of amphotericin B over nine weeks with marked improvement in symptoms and chest roentgenogram. At six-month follow-up, he was asymptomatic with a stable radiographic appearance. A recurrence in symptoms and the pulmonary infiltrate was noted two months later. He was treated with an additional course of amphotericin and currently is receiving ketoconazole in hopes of suppressing the infection. We could find no immune impairment to explain the severe pulmonary and pericardial disease due to Aspergillus flavus in this young man. PMID- 7304665 TI - Design and administration of a continuing education policy. AB - Personnel development by the laboratory administrator depends on well-established continuing education policies and procedures. This article assists in defining those policies and procedures, based on the authors' experience in developing a continuing education policy for a hospital laboratory. Ten categories of acceptable laboratory continuing education are defined, and a method for assigning credit to each category is presented. A decision-making scheme is outlined for distributing resources (such as time and money) for continuing education. The process for documenting and monitoring employee participation is described. PMID- 7304666 TI - A review of platelet function and testing. AB - Platelet function testing is an area of recent growth and development in clinical laboratories. Additions to classical testing procedures include aggregation and retention tests and measurement of platelet release products. The necessity exists for understanding platelet structure and function. In this paper, the various platelet structures are demonstrated, their composition is described, and their individual contribution to platelet activation discussed. Platelet activation is described in four phases: adhesion, reversible contraction, aggregation, and release. Each is described in relationship to the others and laboratory test procedures marking each are described. The question of the relationship of measurement of platelet release markers to clinical condition is reviewed. PMID- 7304667 TI - Calibration of a strip test for urinary urobilinogen using a mercuric chloride assay with crystalline reference standards. AB - A strip test based on Ehrlich's reaction has improved specificity for urobilinogen in urine. Strip reactions are calibrated in mg/dl using a recently developed reference assay which is based on a mercuric chloride reaction and includes a crystalline reference standard. Strip reactions correlate well with the mercuric assay when the urine sample contains only urobilinogen. If a urine contains urobilin in addition to urobilinogen, the strip test gives slightly lower values than the reference assay. The strip test reacts only with urobilinogen but the reference assay measures urobilin as well as urobilinogen. Comparative data with both tests are included for normal and pathological urines. Reaction colors with the strip test have been characterized in L* a b* values, an international basis for color designation. PMID- 7304668 TI - Computer-based calibration of the DuPont ACA II. AB - Desk-top computers equipped with 16K memory and programmed in BASIC can be used to produce calibration calculations for the DuPont ACA II. Entries are made by the operator in accordance with the ACA-supplied calibration format and results may be displayed on a video screen and/or programmed for hard copies to be produced by the use of an interfaced line printer. The operator is provided with the option of computing the Y-intercept from a hand-drawn graph, or allowing the computer to calculate it from the slope. The final printout supplies the averages necessary for plotting the calibration curve, slope and intercept of the line, new intercept, new starting point, and new scale factor. The calibration involved on the ACA II is time-consuming and frequently may produce mathematical errors, both of which are eliminated by the use of the described computer program. PMID- 7304669 TI - An autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia syndrome of hypotrichosis, onychodysplasia, hyperkeratosis, kyphoscoliosis, catartact, and other manifestations. AB - We describe a 20-year-old woman with generalized trichodysplasia, dry skin with scaling, hyperchromic spots on limbs, hyperkeratosis (particularly intense on soles), dermatoglyphic abnormalities, onychodysplasia, shortness of stature, kyphoscoliosis, unusual facial appearance, minor malformations of limbs, bilateral nuclear cataract, narrow palpebral fissures, entropion, trichiasis, etc. The condition is probably due to an autosomal recessive gene. The patient is the only affected member in a sibship of four whose parents are second cousins. PMID- 7304670 TI - Genetic transmission of serum IgE Levels. AB - Genetic aspects of IgE levels were studied in three large pedigrees, many of whose members had atopic sensitivities to ragweed. Data on 184 persons (80 M, 104 F) were analyzed by the methods of Elston and Stewart after logarithmic transformation and appropriate adjustment for sex and age effects. Several modes of transmission were fitted to the data. The environmental model (of equal transmission frequency for all genotypes) clearly did not fit the data (chi 2 23.03, df 3); this suggested a strong hereditary involvement in IgE distribution. High IgE levels being determined by a dominant allele gave the best fit among the hypotheses examined in pooled data. Under a pure polygenic model, the estimated heritability was 49.5%. Using a mixed model of major gene and polygenic transmission (in an analysis which approximates, but is biased toward inflating the major gene component) polygenic inheritance was found to be 11%, but has no significant improvement over the major gene model. When families are analyzed separately, there was evidence of significant heterogeneity among families. The genetic picture was blurred, with one family favoring recessive inheritance of high IgE levels, one with no clear mode, and the third leaning slightly in favor of dominant inheritance. This suggests that the mechanism is not as simple as was thought and that there may be either two alleles or one gene involved in the determination of IgE levels. The findings are consistent with IgE levels being genetically determined with heritability estimated to be about 50%. PMID- 7304671 TI - Some epidemiological aspects of pyloric stenosis in British Columbia. AB - The records of an ongoing Health Surveillance Registry that utilizing multiple sources of ascertainment were used to study the incidence rate of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in liveborn children in British Columbia during the period 1966--1977 inclusive. The incidence was 4.6 male/1,000 livebirths and 1.2 females/1,000 livebirths, giving a male to female ratio of 3.1 to 1. No significant overall incidence variations with time could be shown during the study period. There was suggestive evidence of independent sex-incidence variation in different geographical regions, which clearly warrants further investigation. PMID- 7304672 TI - The bingo model of survivorship: 1. probabilistic aspects. AB - A "bingo" model is one in which the pattern of survival of a system is determined by whichever of several components, each with its own particular distribution for survival, fails first. The model is motivated by the study of lifespan in animals. A number of properties of such systems are discussed in general. They include the use of a special criterion of skewness that probably corresponds more closely than traditional measures to what the eye observes in casually inspecting data. This criterion is the ratio, r(h), of the probability density at a point an arbitrary distance, h, above the mode to that an equal distance below the mode. If this ratio is positive for all positive arguments, the distribution is considered positively asymmetrical and conversely. Details of the bingo model are worked out for several types of base distributions: the rectangular, the triangular, the logistic, and by numerical methods, the normal, lognormal, and gamma. PMID- 7304673 TI - Genetics of red cell COMT activity: analysis of thermal stability and family data. PMID- 7304674 TI - Benign Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a patient with growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 7304675 TI - Suggestion for a possible mitigating treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7304676 TI - Living in the community. AB - The movement to deinstitutionalize and normalize the lives of mentally retarded individuals has led to significant changes in where people live and how programs are administered. In this literature review findings about the relationship between "successful" programs and size, staff to resident ratio, cost, client characteristics, program type, community support, family involvement, and peer relationships were selectively highlighted. Specific recommendations, originally presented to the President's Committee on Mental Retardation, were made for future program development and evaluation. PMID- 7304677 TI - Reactions to the criminal behavior of mentally retarded and nonretarded offenders. AB - College students' attitudes toward mentally retarded criminal offenders and their estimates of the types of crimes most often committed by retarded persons were assessed through a survey. Based on the survey results, an experiment was conducted in which students' reactions to one of two different types of crimes committed by either a retarded or nonretarded person were examined. Results indicated that the retarded offender received a lighter sentence regardless of the type of crime, apparently because the students thought that he had been coerced into committing the crime and also into confessing to it. Implications of these results for cases involving retarded defendants were discussed. PMID- 7304678 TI - Perspectives of social status of learning handicapped and nonhandicapped students. AB - The social status of mildly learning handicapped and nonhandicapped students and their own perceptions of and their ideal preference for social status were investigated. In study 1 the social-status perspectives of handicapped vs. nonhandicapped students in a regular-class environment into which the mildly learning handicapped students had been mainstreamed was compared. Results indicated that the mildly handicapped children overestimated their social status in the direction of their ideal. In Study 2 the social-status perspectives of the same mildly learning handicapped students in two classroom settings were compared. Although these children overestimated their social status in the regular-class setting, their estimates and ideals were accurate in their special class settings. Implications for intervention were discussed. PMID- 7304680 TI - Discrepant judgements of community adjustment of mentally retarded adults: the contribution of personal responsibility. AB - Criteria used to determine community adjustment of mentally retarded adults were rated for importance by two groups of their employers, two groups of service agency staff members, and one group of parents to determine whether normative criteria differed across the groups. In a second study case descriptions, varying on the adjustment criterion of personal responsibility, were presented to an additional sample from the five groups. Results of discriminant fuction analysis showed that parents and service-agency staff members differed markedly on the importance given to personal responsibility. This discrepancy was confirmed in the second study. Employers stressed work-related criteria more than did the other groups. The relevance of discrepancies between the criteria of adjustment used by parents, employers, and service-agency staff members to the measurement of adjustment and to social-validation programs were discussed. PMID- 7304681 TI - Changes in family support networks over the life cycle of mentally retarded persons. AB - Utilization of personal and professional support networks by parents varies over the life cycle of their mentally retarded children. Data from a mail survey questionnaire, completed by 330 parents, were analyzed according to four stages in the life cycle: preschool (birth to 5 years old), elementary (6 to 12 years old), teenage (13 to 18 years old), and young adult (19 to 21 years old). In general, parents of younger children utilized more services and support networks and were more supportive of mainstreaming; parents of older children were less supported, more isolated, and more in need of expanded services. PMID- 7304679 TI - Social-environmental factors as predictors of adjustment of deinstitutionalized mentally retarded adults. AB - Mentally retarded adults (N = 338) placed from five state institutions were studied 2 to 4 years, after they were placed in either foster family care or community residences. Factors of the social environment that were most predictive of individual adjustment were determined. Adjustment was defined as behavior in five areas of functioning: self-care, behavior control, community-living skills, use of community resources, and social support. Multiple regression analysis revealed that social environmental factors and other characteristics of community settings played an important role in individuals' adjustment. Important features of the social environment were similar across both settings. PMID- 7304682 TI - Predicting vocational aptitude of mentally retarded persons: a comparison of assessment systems. AB - The relationship between the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS), the Behavioral Characteristics Progression Scale, and the McCarron-Dial Work Evaluation System and the vocational competencies of mentally retarded clients, as typically assessed by the San Francisco Vocational Competency Scale, was examined. Results were discussed in terms of the general applicability of the McCarron-Dial Work Evaluation System in assessing vocational potential of retarded persons when compared to either the ABS or the Behavioral Characteristics Progression Scale. PMID- 7304683 TI - Effects of labeling and a child's reaction to punishment on subsequent disciplinary practices of adults and peers. AB - Effects of the label "mentally retarded" and a child's reaction to punishment on the severity of punishment administered by college students and fourth graders were examined using a video tape of an acting-out child in a classroom. Forty males and 40 females in each age group viewed one of four video tapes that were identical, with the exception of a segment in which the child responded to being disciplined by either making reparation, pleading, ignoring his punishment, or being defiant. One-half of the subjects in each condition were told that the child was mentally retarded. The subject decided how many points, representing varying intervals of "free time, should be given or removed contingent on the child's behavior. Results revealed that college students were significantly more punitive than were fourth graders, the labeled child received a significantly less severe punishment than did the nonlabeled child, and, in comparison with the other reaction conditions, the child received the most severe punishment when he reacted defiantly and obtained a reward when he responded with reparation. The results were discussed in terms of the protective function of the label and the bidirectional model of socialization. PMID- 7304684 TI - Haptic equivalence matching of curvature by nonretarded and mentally retarded blind and sighted persons. AB - Retarded and nonretarded blind subjects were compared on haptic curvature matching tasks that varied in difficulty. All subjects' accuracy decreased with increasing task difficulty. Accuracy of nonretarded subjects did not differ as a function of visual status. Blind retarded subjects were more accurate than were sighted retarded subjects. The data were discussed in terms of haptic information gathering experience. PMID- 7304685 TI - Effects of camera cuts and music on selective attention and verbal and motor imitation by mentally retarded adults. AB - Effects of experimentally manipulating camera cuts (high vs. low frequency) and music (present vs. absent) on total and selective visual attention to and imitation of prosocial TV programs were examined. Subjects were 96 adults (mean IQ = 46). Within programs, selective viewing of content features (dialogue, distress, helping, and reinforcement) and media features (music, cuts, zooms, and scene changes) were examined. Subjects selectively attended to cuts and zooms and all four content features. High-cuts frequencies in a program reduced selective attention and subsequent verbal imitation. There were no significant effects for music. PMID- 7304686 TI - Stimulus overselectivity by mentally retarded adolescents: effects of pretraining on cue identification. AB - Severely and profoundly mentally retarded adolescents were given two-cue redundant relevant cue discrimination problems under each of three conditions. In one condition both cues were ones that subjects had been previously trained to associate labels with. In the second condition one pretrained and one untrained cue were used, and in the third, two untrained cues were employed. Results from test trials indicated that the amount of stimulus overselectivity was lowest in the third condition. There was a much greater amount of overselective responding in both the first and second conditions. The results offered little support for the hypothesis that teaching severely retarded learners to label stimuli would reduce the likelihood of stimulus overselectivity. The relationship of the results to previous findings concerning the effects of stimulus and training conditions on overselectivity was also discussed. PMID- 7304687 TI - Prognosis for central vision and anatomic reattachment in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with macula detached. AB - We analyzed a total of 473 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and macular involvement for significant factors relating to anatomic success and a favorable visual outcome of 6/15 (20/50) or better. The overall success rate was 90% (427 of 473 eyes). Visual acuities of 6/15 (20/50) or better postoperatively were present in 37% (174 of 470 eyes). Important factors related to both anatomic success and favorable functional results were preoperative visual acuities of 6/15 (20/50) or better, retinal detachments that were less than total, detachments with tears located at or anterior to the equator, absence of giant retinal tears, absence of either preoperative ocular hypotony (tension less than 5 mm Hg) or ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure greater than 20 mm Hg), detachments managed by nondrainage techniques, a single operation with less than 50 cryoapplications, and noncircumferential buckling. Among the other factors related to favorable visual results were detachments lasting less than one month, a shallowly rather than highly detached macula, the absence of fixed retinal folds, a patient age of less than 60 years, and the absence of postoperative choroidal detachments sufficient to cause glaucoma. We found no statistical relationship between either anatomic success or functional result and the presence of aphakia, demarcation lines, vitreous hemorrhage, detachments of the pars plana epithelium, or predetachment glaucoma being treated. PMID- 7304688 TI - Traumatic pigmentary retinopathy. AB - A 56-year-old man with unilateral pigmentary retinopathy had sustained an ocular injury ten years previously. Pathologic examination of the enucleated eye disclosed a spicular pigmentary pattern of the retina in the temporal and inferior sectors. The macular region showed only selective loss of photoreceptor cells and epiretinal membrane formation. The nasal and superior sectors were unremarkable. These findings suggested that traumatic pigmentary retinopathy is not a progressive lesion that always leads to total retinal destruction. PMID- 7304689 TI - The effect of penicillamine on posttraumatic vitreous proliferation. PMID- 7304690 TI - Vitreous surgery for macular pucker. AB - Vitreous surgery techniques can be used to remove epiretinal tissue associated with various ocular conditions when this tissue covers, distorts, or detaches the macula and causes visual loss. Because the postoperative visual acuity is often between 6/9 (20/30) and 6/30 (20/100), we usually operate on eyes with preoperative visual acuities of 6/30 (20/100) or worse. Thick membranes are easiest to remove, perhaps because the tissue can be more readily engaged by a vitreoretinal pick and because the membrane does not shred when traction is applied. We achieved visual improvement in 45 (90%) of 50 consecutive eyes but no eye achieved a visual acuity of 6/6 (20/20). Postoperative visual acuities ranged from 6/7.5 (20/25) to 6/12 (20/40) in 14 eyes (28%), from 6/15 (20/50) to 6/30 (20/100) in 26 eyes (52%), and from 6/60 (20/200) to 6/120 (20/400) in ten eyes (20%). Peripheral retinal tears were the most frequent intraoperative complication, and should be identified and treated at the end of the operation. Later retinal detachment requiring further surgery occurred in four eyes. No posterior retinal tears occurred in this series. Progressive lens opacities occurred postoperatively in some cases. Twelve (36%) of 33 phakic eyes showed progressive nuclear sclerotic lens changes after vitrectomy. Sizable amounts of epiretinal tissue recurred in two eyes. PMID- 7304691 TI - Crystalline retinopathy (Bietti's tapetoretinal degeneration without marginal corneal dystrophy). PMID- 7304692 TI - Varix of the vortex ampulla. AB - In five patients, extreme gaze resulted in the appearance and expansion of a lesion located at the site of a venous vortex ampulla. The dimensions and color of the lesion varied depending upon the direction and duration of gaze. The lesion expanded when the head was positioned below the level of the heart and when a Valsalva maneuver was performed, even when the primary position of gaze was maintained. The lesion rapidly detumesced and disappeared when the head was elevated, digital pressure was exerted on the globe, or gaze was directed elsewhere. Fluorescein angiography confirmed that this tumefaction originated from the venous vortex ampulla. These dynamic features observed ophthalmoscopically and demonstrated by ultrasonography are characteristic of the vortex ampulla varix; the lesion should not be confused with a malignancy. PMID- 7304693 TI - Tractional venous loops in diabetic retinopathy. AB - A venous loop developed in a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Fluorescein angiography showed staining of the vessel wall and nonperfusion of the surrounding capillary bed. Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed the loop to consist of a telangiectatic retinal vein that had passed through a discontinuity in the internal limiting membrane. The thin-walled vessel loop was lined by an attenuated endothelium and occasional pericytes. The vitreous was detached posteriorly except at the venous loop and a few other points at which there was tenting of the internal limiting membrane. These findings suggested that vitreous traction plays a role in the pathogenesis of these venous loops. PMID- 7304694 TI - Amines in the subretinal fluid and aqueous. AB - We examined 49 samples of subretinal fluid and nine samples of aqueous from patients with retinal detachments. Seven amines (histamine, dopamine, methylamine, ethanolamine, dimethylamine, pyridoxamine, and piperidine) were positively identified and quantitated. The amines in the subretinal fluid were similar to those present in the aqueous. The presence of histamine in the subretinal fluid, observed only in fresh retinal detachment, suggested an inflammatory process, at least in the early stages of some cases of retinal detachment. This is consistent with the clinical observations that mild uveitis frequently accompanies a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PMID- 7304695 TI - Relative afferent pupillary defects in optic neuritis. AB - We measured relative afferent pupillary defects in 105 patients with various stages of optic neuritis. We detected pupillary defects in 96% of acute unilateral cases, 92% of recovered unilateral cases 91.7% of acute cases with evidence of optic neuropathy in the other eye, and 65.8% of recovered bilateral cases. With careful testing, one can find relative afferent pupillary defects in nearly all patients with unilateral optic neuritis and in most patients with bilateral disease. A patient without a pupillary defect after apparent unilateral optic neuritis frequently has evidence of disease in the other eye when visual evoked potentials are tested. PMID- 7304696 TI - Pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve with hemorrhage and extreme cystic degeneration. AB - Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve (glioma of childhood) usually grows slowly. Rapidly evolving proptosis is rare and reflects the accumulation of mucinous or hemorrhagic material within the tumor. Rapid proptosis is more common in those patients beyond the first two decades of life who have long-standing tumors. We studied a 26-year-old woman with rapid proptosis caused by a large blood-filled cyst in a pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve. The cyst was surgically removed along with the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve. PMID- 7304697 TI - Optic atrophy and visual loss in craniometaphyseal dysplasia. AB - Four members of one family had craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Two of the four had severe optic atrophy with profound loss of vision as a complication of this disorder. Optic nerve decompression attempted in one patient may have caused a reduction in the vision of that eye. Eight years later this patient underwent craniofacial surgery uneventfully for contouring of her facial and cranial bones, but osteotomies and intracranial surgery were specifically avoided because of bony over-growth in the foramen magnum region. PMID- 7304698 TI - The quantification, natural course, and surgical results in 57 eyes with Marcus Gunn (jaw-winking) syndrome. AB - Subjective findings and objective surgical results in 55 individuals with the Marcus Gunn (jaw-winking syndrome indicated that bilateral fascial suspension is the best procedure in most cases. Levator muscle resection treats only the blepharoptosis (often undercorrecting it), may exacerbate the jaw-winking, and is associated with significant eyelid lag in many cases. In the 17 patients who had not undergone surgery, there was no significant spontaneous reduction in the degree of jaw-winking. Additionally, the patient's belief that the jaw-winking had improved with time was often inaccurate, indicating that objective measurements are necessary before conclusions can be drawn about the natural course of this phenomenon. We also found that high incidences of strabismus (36%) and amblyopia (34%) are associated with this syndrome. PMID- 7304699 TI - Perceptual distortions in visual-evoked potentials. AB - We tested ten healthy men, ranging in age from 24 to 55 years, to determine whether "drifting" of a fixation target during pattern-stimulus testing was the result of stimulus-induced ocular movements or a purely perceptual response with no oculomotor basis. We also wanted to learn whether this drifting interfered with the development of the visual-evoked potential. We observed large intersubject differences in visual-evoked potential magnitude that could not be explained by either actual or perceived drifting. Perceived drifting did not correlate with actual or perceived drifting. Perceived drifting did not correlate with actual ocular movements. Moreover, when sporadic ocular movements occurred, they did not interfere with the visual-evoked potential; there were no correlations between magnitude of visual-evoked potential and the percentage of time that drifting was perceived. PMID- 7304700 TI - Monitoring compliance with pilocarpine therapy. AB - I used a recording medication monitor to obtain objective information on self medication by date and hour from a group of 82 patients using pilocarpine three times daily to prevent visual loss from glaucoma. Doses meant to be taken during the day were missed more than twice as often as morning or evening doses. Of the missed doses, 272 (54%) were noon doses, but only 98 (19%) were morning doses. Medication compliance may be substantially improved by choosing a drug that needs to be taken less often than three times daily. The number of missed doses per day increases significantly during a 20-day period between clinic visits. This suggested that shorter intervals between clinic visits may improve adherence to the drug regimen prescribed. PMID- 7304701 TI - Notes, cases and instruments. PMID- 7304702 TI - Scleral plugs with an attached suture for use during vitrectomy. PMID- 7304703 TI - Visual training effects on normal vision. PMID- 7304704 TI - ERG off-effects produced by short duration stimuli. AB - Variable duration square wave pulses of 633-nm light were used to produce electroretinograms (ERG's) in a human subject. When the stimuli were presented on a white light background, the records obtained for stimulus durations greater than 70 msec showed a clearly separated off-response while those of shorter durations did not. By subtracting a common "on-effect" from the ERG's produced by short duration stimuli, the previously unseen off-effect was isolated from records produced by stimulus pulses as short as 5 msec. It appears that the marked increase in b-wave amplitude associated with these short duration stimuli can be attributed to an interaction between "on" and "off" components of the ERG. PMID- 7304705 TI - Measuring corneal recovery from osmotic and anoxic stress. AB - Halos indicate an important change in vision performance which can occur in contact lens wearers. Experimentally, halos occur when the cornea id deprived of atmospheric oxygen or bathed with hypotonic solutions. Pachometry is the accepted technique for measuring changes in the cornea, yet there is little evidence that measurement of overall corneal thickness is a sensitive indicator of structural changes in the epithelium, such as those causing halos. There is a need for a technique which is responsive to changes in the epithelium. This paper describes a new technique for quantifying changes in the epithelium by measuring halo brightness. Halos were produced by osmotic and anoxic stress, and recovery was monitored using measurements of corneal thickness and halo brightness. We found that the time course of halo recovery could be measured successfully on a naive subject. The technique provides information not available from pachometry and should be of considerable value in studies on the human cornea of factors which alter the optical integrity of the epithelium. PMID- 7304706 TI - Apparent human corneal oxygen uptake rate. PMID- 7304707 TI - Oxygen tension beneath contact lenses under the closed eyelid: human eye measurements. AB - An equivalent oxygen technique was used to measure the level of oxygen beneath one daily wear lens (HEMA) and two extended wear lenses (Permalens and Gelflex 75) under the closed lid of the in vivo human eye. The cornea responded as if it was in an anoxic environment with the HEMA lens, whereas the extended wear lenses resulted in responses just beneath the level of the Mandell-Farrell limit. These findings are compared with model predictions, and their physiological consequences are discussed. PMID- 7304708 TI - A system matrix for astigmatic optical systems: I. Introduction and dioptric power relations. AB - A single 4 X 4 system matrix is used to represent the para-axial properties of optical systems consisting of separated obliquely crossed spherocylindrical lenses. The 4 X 4 system matrix is a generalization and combination of the 2 X 2 Gaussian system matrix for spherical optical systems, and the 2 X 2 dioptric power matrix for a single spherocylindrical lens or for obliquely crossed spherocylindrical lenses in contact with each other. The 4 X 4 system matrix approach simplifies both the conceptual and numerical analysis of complicated astigmatic systems. PMID- 7304709 TI - Binocular facilitation in the visual-evoked potential of strabismic amblyopes. AB - Electrophysiological correlates of abnormal binocular function were investigated by studying the monocular and binocular visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) of strabismic amblyopes. Steady-state evoked potentials were elicited by sinusoidal gratings which were temporally modulated in counterphase and logarithmically swept in spatial frequency from 0.2 to 20 c/deg in a 20 sec epoch. The VEP spatial frequency tuning functions of amblyopic eyes are abnormal in that they tend to show a reduced cutoff spatial frequency in relation to the nonamblyopic fellow eye. In contrast, the binocular interactions in strabismic amblyopes are similar in many respects to those of normal observers. These binocular interactions depend upon the spatial frequency and contrast of the stimulus, and may vary from inhibition to marked facilitation. The results suggest that some binocular function may be preserved in the cortex of patients with strabismic amblyopia, and that caution should be exercised in attempting to use the steady state VEP to differentiate normal from abnormal binocular vision. PMID- 7304710 TI - The component of physiological pupillary unrest correlated with respiration. AB - Components within physiological pupillary unrest have been shown to be correlated with respiration. A convolution technique has shown that a component of the unrest can be found to be correlated with respiration as the respiration is voluntarily controlled in rhythm to auditory cues over a range of respiration rates from 0.10 to 1.0 Hz. The components account for only a portion of the unrest, on the order of 0.10 mm of fluctuation in pupil diameter per cycle. PMID- 7304711 TI - A comparative study of low-vision patients: Their ocular disease and preference for one specific series of light transmission filters. AB - One hundred low-vision patients who complained of sensitivity to light were permitted to select any one of five filters (Recreational Innovations Co.) The results show that patients with certain types of pathology prefer to use specific filters to control the light reaching their eyes. Patients with albinism chose amber filters. Patients with glaucoma of diabetes both selected the same filter. Most patients with retinitis pigmentosa found most help from a filter which allowed only 2% light transmission. PMID- 7304712 TI - Determination of the average thickness of a contact lens. AB - The amount of gas moving through a contact lens depends upon its permeability to the gas and its thickness. The lens thickness used to calculate transmissibility is often the center thickness, which is rarely the average lens thickness. A technique is presented which shows how lens mass can be used to determine the average lens thickness. This average thickness can be used to calculate the oxygen transmissibility of a contact lens of known oxygen permeability. PMID- 7304713 TI - Feedback on prekindergarteners failing vision screenings. AB - This study is a sequel to an earlier report on a random vision screening of 651 prekindergarteners and compares the findings of the 35 children who failed this screening with the results and dispositions after retesting. Of the number failed, 32 (91.4%) were accounted for, of whom 28 (80%) were retested and 14 (40%) received no treatment; the other 4 (11.4%) were not retested. A discourse on probable discrepancies between screening and retesting results follows, along with corrective recommendations. PMID- 7304714 TI - Purtscher's retinopathy associated with acute pancreatitis. AB - The association of Purtscher's retinopathy with acute pancreatitis has been noted only recently in the ophthalmic literature. Patients with acute pancreatitis may develop a retinopathy indistinguishable from the typical Purtscher's retinopathy seen in bone-crushing injuries. The etiology of this phenomenon has been linked to fat necrosis and involvement of complement and the immune system. PMID- 7304715 TI - Myopia development in experimental animals-a literature review. PMID- 7304716 TI - Prentice memorial lecture: the science of seeing-a search for criteria. PMID- 7304717 TI - The clinical management of giant papillary conjunctivitis. AB - Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) has recently been observed on the upper tarsal palpebral conjunctiva in soft contact lens patients. This article describes and discusses a group of patients who developed GPC. From these observations, a simple clinical procedure was devised to manage this problem while the patient maintained soft lens wearing time. The procedure included changes in the lens polymer, design, and cleaning regimen, which together enabled the affected patients to continue soft lens wear. PMID- 7304718 TI - Meibomian gland photodocumentation. PMID- 7304719 TI - Ceramic implants in otologic surgery. AB - We have examined the suitability of ceramic materials for reconstruction in middle ear surgery. The excellent tolerance of bio-inert aluminum oxide ceramic implanted into the middle ear has been shown by our electron microscopic studies and clinical experience. Our implants developed for ossicular chain reconstruction were covered by a delicate middle ear mucous membrane within a few weeks. We have observed no foreign body reactions. The ceramic prostheses are distinguished by the almost unlimited number of forms or shapes into which they can be ground quickly and precisely during the operation. We value Al2O3 ceramic implants because there is no bony fixation with the surrounding bone, but rather a jointlike connection with the remaining parts of the ossicular chain. The composition of resorbable tricalcium phosphate, bio-active ceramic, corresponds to the inorganic component of bone. Because it exhibits the characteristic of being replaced by autogenous bone, we consider it for the obliteration of mastoid cavities. Based on our preliminary experience, dense tricalcium phosphate ceramic might play a valuable role in the reconstruction of the posterior auditory canal wall. In addition, we have used dense tricalcium phosphate ceramic to correct minor ossicular chain defects (for example, erosion of the long process of the incus). A survey is given concerning the indications and techniques for the use of these new materials in middle ear surgery, as well as our results covering a period of three years, which are very encouraging as far compatibility and function are concerned. PMID- 7304720 TI - Bone-conducted speech: intelligibility functions and threshold force levels for spondees. AB - Threshold force values for spondees were obtained for thirty-six subjects with normal hearing using the Radioear B-70-AA and B-71 bone vibrators, which were coupled to the head with a Radioear P-3333 headband. Measurements were made on a Bruel & Kjaer model 4930 artificial mastoid. In addition to the 1000 Hz calibration tone preceding the spondees, speech noise and white noise were dubbed on the tape at the same level as the tone. Since the results indicated similar threshold force levels for both vibrators, the data from the B-70-AA and B-71 were pooled. These values in dB re 1 micro Newton are 53.2 dB for 1000 Hz, 56.8 dB with white noise, and 62.4 dB using speech noise. Any of these three calibrating signals appear appropriate when delivering speech to the B-70-AA or B 71 bone vibrators. Another purpose of this study was to establish normal speech intelligibility functions for the CID W-22 test using the B-71 vibrator. Sixteen subjects with normal hearing were tested at sensation levels (SLs) ranging from 0 to 34 dB. The results showed that intelligibility scores ranged from about 15 percent at 0 dB SL to 95 percent at 34 dB SL, and that the slope of the intelligibility function systematically decreased with increasing intensity. These findings are typical of speech intelligibility functions obtained via air conduction. PMID- 7304721 TI - Ear anomalies in an infant with Potter's syndrome. AB - Microdissection and scanning electron microscopy were used to study temporal bone specimens from a newborn infant with Potter's syndrome. The 34-year-old mother of the infant had juvenile-onset rheumatoid arthritis and she took prostaglandin inhibitors (aspirin, indomethacin, and Clinoril) during pregnancy. Autopsy findings included bilateral renal dysgenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal facies with low-set ears, and bilateral cataracts. The infant's left external ear canal was stenotic and the left tympanic anulus was narrowed. Otherwise, both middle ears, as well as the sensory structures of the cochleae and semicircular canals, were normal. The saccular and utricular muculae on the right were entirely devoid of otoconia, although they were covered by gelatinous otoconial membranes which appeared normal. On the left, the maculae were covered by thin layers of flat, lenticular crystals 2 to 10 mu in diameter. X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed these aberrant otoconia to be composed of calcium carbonate in the form of vaterite. No abnormalities of the neuroepithelia or macular nerve supply were found in either ear. PMID- 7304722 TI - Histopathology of the human endolymphatic sac. PMID- 7304723 TI - The ultrastructure of tympanosclerosis. The source of the matrix vesicles and the pattern of calcospherules. PMID- 7304724 TI - Ultrastructural findings in human vestibular nerve. An anatomo-clinical correlation. PMID- 7304725 TI - Special auditory testing: review and update. AB - This report reviews the development of special auditory testing and the contribution of these procedures in neurotologic diagnosis. An evaluation of the tests comprising the traditional special auditory test battery indicates that most of them are no longer adequate to the task in that they are not sufficiently sensitive to minimal pathology of the eighth nerve. Several different auditory test methods are reviewed and recommended. PMID- 7304726 TI - An opposing view on delayed facial paralysis. PMID- 7304727 TI - Abnormalities of the stapedius reflex in patients with vertigo. AB - Analysis of the latency, amplitude, and rise characteristics of the stapedius reflex as demonstrated on a strip recorder revealed abnormalities in patients with vestibular neuronitis and other vertigo syndromes. The findings in vestibular neuronitis, acute labyrinthitis, perilymphatic fistulas, Meniere's disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, and metabolic vertigo are described. Alterations in the stapedius reflex included increase in latency, decrease in amplitude, stepping of the rise, and absence of the reflex. This study suggests that absence of the reflex can be associated with vertigo as well as with acoustic neuromas and other retrocochlear lesions. The findings of abnormalities in vestibular neuronitis support a brain-stem localization as the site of lesion in this disease. PMID- 7304728 TI - Re-education of constipated patients-- A non-medical treatment. PMID- 7304729 TI - Cecal diverticulitis with abscess formation a plea for conservatism. PMID- 7304730 TI - A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. XIII. Rectal prolapse: a new concept of pathogenesis. PMID- 7304731 TI - Ion contents and other properties of isolated cells from dog tracheal epithelium. AB - We have developed a preparation of isolated cells from dog tracheal mucosa. The three major cell types of the intact epithelium (ciliated, secretory, and basal) are present in approximately the same proportions as in the intact tissue. These cells show high viability as judged by exclusion of vital dyes, high O2 consumption, and incorporation of amino acids into protein. The intracellular ion contents (in mmol/l cell H2O) are [K]i, 150; [Na]i, 20; and [Cl]i, 50. Ouabain (10(-4) M) causes a rise in [Na]i and a reciprocal loss of intracellular K. PMID- 7304732 TI - Effect of weak acids on pH regulation and anion transport in barnacle muscle fibers. AB - The intracellular pH (pHi) of barnacle muscle fibers was measured with microelectrodes while the fibers were exposed to the weak acids, propionic acid (98 mM), or 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione (DMO) (100 mM), at extracellular pH (pH0) 7.8. Both propionate and DMO caused an initial drop in pHi, followed by a partial recovery to the final steady pHi of 7.16. In the presence of 6 mM HCO3(-) (pH0 7.8), the final pHi was 7.31 for either weak acid. In other experiments, pHi was initially lowered by temporarily exposing the fiber to NH4Cl-containing solution. The rate of subsequent pHi recovery at pHi 6.84 was expressed as an H+ equivalent flux. In the absence of HCO3(-), the H+ equivalent flux was stimulated (two- to threefold) by both propionate and DMO. Part of this stimulation was due to the reduced Cl- concentration in the external solution when the anion of the weak acid is substituted for Cl-. Another part of the stimulation may have been due to the increased buffering in the intracellular unstirred layer. HCO3(-) greatly stimulated (ninefold) the H+ equivalent flux, but in the presence of HCO3(-), propionate and DMO had no additional effect. There is no evidence from the present work indicating that either propionate or DMO anions acted as substrates for operation of the anion exchange mechanism (Cl-/Cl- and HCO3(-)/Cl ). Since exposure of the cell to either of the weak acids lowered pHi and since the rate of anion exchange fluxes is known to increase when pHi is lowered, propionate most likely stimulated anion fluxes indirectly by lowering pHi. PMID- 7304733 TI - Transmembrane potential of rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. AB - Transmembrane potentials of rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture on collagen gels were measured with glass microelectrodes. Potentials for cells in culture for 23-30 h comprised two populations. The mean +/- SD for a population of stable low potentials was -9.7 +/- 2.0 mV (n = 93). This was compared with 23.6 +/- 9.4 mV (n = 42), the mean value for stable potentials that followed spontaneous increases in the low potentials, 0.5-2.0 min after the impalement. The estimated input resistance increased during these spontaneous hyperpolarizations. In some cells, after 48 h in culture, the transmembrane potential oscillated rhythmically, with an amplitude of 25 mV and a period of 7 min. Suffusing the cells with 120 mM potassium chloride decreased the potential and eliminated the oscillations. The stable high potentials were considered more accurate estimates of the hepatocyte transmembrane potential, based on comparison with values for intact liver. Low potentials may have resulted from current leaking through an electrode shunt resistance, followed by an increase in potential as the membrane "sealed" the shunt pathway. However, these events may also reflect cells capable of two stable transmembrane potentials. PMID- 7304734 TI - alpha-Methylglucoside satisfies only Na+-dependent transport system of intestinal epithelium. AB - The unidirectional influx of alpha-methylglucoside (alpha-MG) by isolated chicken intestinal epithelial cells is 98% inhibited by phlorizin. The remaining 2% of the total influx occurs in the absence of Na+, is not sensitive to phloretin, and is equal to the diffusional entry rate for 2-deoxyglucose. The glucoside is much more strongly accumulated (75-fold) than 3-O-methylglucose (3-OMG) (10-fold). Inhibitors of the serosal sugar carrier (phloretin, cytochalasin B, theophylline, and flavanoids) do not enhance alpha-MG accumulation. It is concluded that the glycoside is not a substrate for the intestinal serosal transport system. Steady state gradients of the sugar can be represented accurately by a concentrative, phlorizin-sensitive system that is opposed by a diffusional efflux process. PMID- 7304735 TI - Selective breeding of chickens for erythrocytes with high and low leucine transport activity. AB - Two lines of chickens, one high and the other low uptake, have been selected for three generations for their ability to transport leucine into erythrocytes. Significant line differences were produced in one generation of selection with further separation resulting in later generations. Selection progress has been exclusively with the high-uptake line, the low line not differing significantly from the control. The maximal rate of leucine uptake, the stimulation of leucine transport by medium Na+, lysine uptake, and the Na+-K+-ATPase activity all were greater in the high line. Rates of glucose transport were not different between the lines nor were intracellular concentrations of Na+ or K+. PMID- 7304736 TI - An improved liquid ion exchanger for chloride ion-selective microelectrodes. AB - A new chloride liquid ion exchanger, Corning 477913, suitable for fabricating ion selective microelectrodes (ISE) is described. It differs from the standard chloride exchanger. Corning 477315, in that the concentration of organophilic ligand is increased fivefold. The properties of ISE (tip diameter less than 1 micrometer) made from the new material are superior to those of ISE made from the standard material. The yield of acceptable ISE was greater (77 vs. 34%); the ISE resistance was decreased 5.3-fold; the average slope was improved (-52.8 vs. 45.5 mV); and the selectivity over some interfering anions was increased. Measurement of intracellular chloride activity in rabbit ventricle with ISE made from the new exchanger gave results similar to those reported previously with the standard exchanger. This suggests that 477913 is satisfactory for use in biological tissue. The new formulation should be particularly advantageous for measurements requiring ISE with very fine tips and in fabrication of multibarrel ISE. PMID- 7304737 TI - Trophic effect of a sciatic nerve extract on fast and slow myosin heavy chain synthesis. AB - Myosin heavy chain (MHC) synthesis in cultures from chick pectoralis muscle cells was determined by [35S]methionine incorporation. Two types of MHC, migrating as 200,000-dalton components on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, were distinguished with antibodies against adult fast and slow MHC. Their synthesis was revealed by autoradiography. The effect of a sciatic nerve extract on the synthesis of the two types of MHC was also determined. Control experiments show that fast MHC is primarily synthesized in 48-h cultures. At a later stage of development (5- to 7-day cultures), slow MHC is also produced. The nerve extract promotes muscle cell differentiation and stimulates the synthesis of the slow type of MHC at an earlier stage of development (i.e., at 48 h as compared with 5 7 day in controlled cultures). It is concluded therefore that presumptive fast muscle cells in culture synthesize initially fast MHC and later both types of MHC (slow and fast). These results also suggest that the sciatic nerve extract is capable either of activating the transcription of the structural gene for slow MHC or of activating the translation of preexisting messenger RNA coding for this protein. PMID- 7304738 TI - Body composition, energy expenditure, and plasma metabolites in long-term fasting geese. AB - Starvation in 15 geese (mean initial body mass, m = 6.3 kg) fasting for about 40 days (mean decrease in m = 2.5 kg) was characterized by three periods. Period I (3-8 days), an adaptation period, was marked by a considerable decrease in the daily rate of change in m (dm) as well as in resting metabolic rate (RMR), and by high fat mobilization. In period II (a period of economy) the decreases in dm, RMR, and daily rate of nitrogen excretion (dne) were reduced: when expressed per unit of body mass these rates were either constant or decreased slightly. Period III, a critical period, was characterized by a rapid increase in both dm and dne that appeared when body mass had dropped to 4.7-3.2 kg. In parallel there was a greater decrease in intracellular fluid volume below 5 kg. Throughout the fast, in contrast to fasting mammals, plasma glucose and alanine concentrations were maintained at high levels (8-10 and 0.4 mM, respectively), and there was no increase in acetoacetate. However, after 20 days of fasting, plasma beta hydroxybutyrate concentration (beta-OHB) increased to about 20 mM, while blood pH remained constant and blood PCO2 decreased. Thus, compensation for metabolic acidosis was partly attributed to respiratory alkalosis. Throughout the fast, the variations in beta-OHB were a mirror image of those for daily changes in body mass and in nitrogen excretion. This presumably reflects a hormonal change, but might also suggest a key role of beta-OHB in the control of energy expenditure and/or in regulation of body mass as well as in protein sparing. PMID- 7304739 TI - Quantitative analysis of spontaneous variations of plasma prolactin in normal man. PMID- 7304741 TI - Effect of exogenous estrogens on catabolism of VLDL in cholesterol-fed rabbits. AB - To determine the metabolic mechanism of the hypolipidemic response to estrogen in cholesterol-fed rabbits, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B (apoB) turnover studies were conducted in cholesterol-fed animals with or without estrogen treatment. Autologous VLDL apoB had a more rapid fractional catabolic rate (FCR) in estrogen-treated than in untreated animals, but there was no difference in the radioactivity appearing in the intermediate-(IDL) and low- (LDL) density lipoproteins. Similar differences in the FCR were observed when isologous VLDL from donors in the opposite group was injected, suggesting that estrogen treatment in cholesterol-fed rabbits accelerated the catabolism of cholesterol- and apoE-rich lipoproteins by a mechanism that is not dependent on its conversion to LDL. Furthermore, VLDL apoB from normal untreated donor animals was catabolized more rapidly in the estrogen-treated animals, but most of the radioactivity appeared in LDL in both groups. These observations suggest that estrogen treatment of cholesterol-fed rabbits affected only the efficiency but not the completeness of catabolism of normal VLDL. Thus the catabolism of vLDL in cholesterol-fed animals treated with or without estrogen depended on the composition of VLDL injected and the pool size of plasma VLDL, which was reduced by estrogen treatment. PMID- 7304740 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in isolated, working newborn pig heart. AB - Metabolic activity of the newborn pig heart was observed by means of a preparation that allowed isolated hearts to perform a physiologic work load. A 10 min period of retrograde aortic perfusion was followed by 60 min of recirculating perfusion in which bicarbonate buffer was infused into the right atrium and ejected from both ventricles at measured pressures and flow rates. The buffer was supplemented with either glucose (10 mM), lactate (20 mM), or pyruvate (20 mM), or was unsupplemented. Pressure development and ventricular outputs were stable through 60 min of perfusion with glucose, pyruvate, or lactate supplementation. Myocardial high-energy phosphate and glycogen contents were also stable. In hearts perfused without substrate supplementation, mechanical performance deteriorated after 30 min. Rates of substrate uptake and oxygen consumption indicated that either glucose, lactate, or pyruvate could serve as a primary source of metabolic energy. Minimal lactate production was observed when either glucose or pyruvate were present. These findings indicate that, despite recent emergence from the relatively hypoxic intrauterine environment, the well oxygenated newborn pig heart did not depend on anaerobic metabolism of glucose for energy production at physiologic work loads. PMID- 7304743 TI - On equations for combined convective and diffusive transport of neutral solute across porous membranes. AB - The process of combined convection and diffusion of solute across membranes of finite thickness is discussed. An exact solution is available for an open (nonsieving) homoporous membrane. This solution is nonlinear in the volume flux (Jv) for any nonzero volume flow and concentration difference. Extension to the more general case of a partially sieving membrane does not change the nonlinear form of this equation. A linearization of this transport equation about small Jv/Ps yields an approximate equation (the arithmetic mean) that is useful over a reasonable range of conditions near equilibrium. The application of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics to this process has led to the derivation of a third transport equation, linear in Jv but logarithmic in the concentrations. This finite difference equation is shown to give a less accurate approximation to the exact equation than does the arithmetic mean equation, even in regions near equilibrium. Use of approximate equations may lead to error when the solute reflection coefficient is determined from ultrafiltration experiments or when applied to the individual elements of a membrane array. The early origins of the concept of reflection and sieving coefficients and their relation to one another are discussed. The importance of structural detail in membranes, even at a fine grained level, and the distinction between the terms "homogeneous" or "black box" and "homoporous" is emphasized. Although structural complexity creates problems in any attempt to write a transport equation without detailed knowledge of the membrane stucture, proper consideration of the local equation and its subsequent integration makes this fact explicit and allows for an assessment of the magnitude of these effects. PMID- 7304742 TI - Transepithelial electrophysiology of cultured mouse mammary epithelium: sensitivity to prolactins. AB - Several prolactins and growth hormones affect cultured BALB/c mouse mammary epithelial electrophysiology at doses of 10 micrograms/ml. Ovine prolactin is effective at doses as low as 1 ng/ml, levels that are three to four orders of magnitude less than effective amounts of rat growth hormone. Because growth hormone preparations may have approximately 1% prolactin contamination, its effects are probably due to prolactin contamination. The maximum effect of ovine prolactin on short-circuit current and on resistance occurs at doses differing by two orders of magnitude, indicating that these two effects of prolactin may be partially separable. Therefore, prolactin may have effects on passive permeability properties in addition to its documented effects on active transport. PMID- 7304744 TI - Active transport of Rb+ across skin of the teleost Gillichthys mirabilis. AB - The fluxes of 86Rb were measured across the isolated skin of the marine teleost Gillichthys. The efflux of 86Rb in Cl Ringer with 1.0 mM RbCl exceeded the influx by 8.0 +/- 1.2 neq . cm-2 . h-1 at closed circuit, indicating active transport of Rb+ in the secretory direction. However, the net Rb+ flux was not significantly different from zero in (Cl-free) gluconate Ringer, indicating that the active Rb+ transport was Cl dependent. The epithelium behaved as a single passive resistor to Rb+ in the absence of Cl-, and Rb+ movement under these conditions appeared to be by Fickean diffusion. Epinephrine (10(-5) M) inhibited partially the active Rb+ transport in Cl Ringer. These results suggest that there is active K+ transport across Gillichthys skin. PMID- 7304746 TI - Renal and systemic acid-base effects of chronic hypoparathyroidism in dogs. AB - MEtabolic alkalosis has been reported in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism under conditions of uncontrolled diet and medication intake. Hypoparathyroidism has also been reported to result in increased renal bicarbonate reabsorptive capacity in acutely bicarbonate-loaded dogs. However, the acid-base effects of experimentally induced chronic hypoparathyroidism have not been investigated in any species. Accordingly, we investigated the chronic effects of hypoparathyroidism by thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) plus thyroxine replacement on renal regulation of plasma acid-base composition under metabolic balance conditions of normal dietary acid load (group I) and alkali load (group II, 9.0 meq/kg HCO3(-) daily) in dogs ingesting a normal Cl-, high Ca2+ diet throughout study. For groups I and II pre-TPTX: [HCO3(-)]p, 19.7 +/- 1.0, 20.1 +/- 0.9 meq/liter. Plasma acid-base composition (days 5-10) was unchanged by TPTX: delta [HCO3(-)]p, -0.7 +/- 0.4, 0.0 +/- 0.2 meq/liter; delta [H+]p, 0 +/- 1, -1 +/- 0 neq/liter, NS from control. A reduction in plasma total calcium concentration ([CaT]p) occurred and persisted (group I: [CaT]p, -1.6 +/- 0.2 mg/100 ml, P less than 0.01, day 1 and -1.2 +/- 0.9, days 5-10; group II: -1.4 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml, P less than 0.01, day 1 and -2.3 +/- 0.4, days 5-10). No significant change in net acid or Cl- excretion occurred following TPTX. Thus, chronic hypoparathyroidism characterized by a chronic reduction in [CaT]p does not result in significant alterations in renal regulation of plasma acid-base composition in the dog. PMID- 7304745 TI - Renal handling of zinc: effect of cysteine infusion. AB - Zinc clearance studies in anesthetized dogs were performed during hydropenia, mannitol infusion, and infusion of mannitol plus ZnSO4, ZnCL2, or cysteine. Mannitol expansion caused no significant change in Zn clearance. ZnSO4 infusion increased filtered Zn 13-fold without changing clearance. Zn excretion increased only sixfold, indicating increased net Zn reabsorption. Cysteine infusion increased urinary Zn excretion 86-fold, indicating net tubular Zn secretion, some of which derived from nonplasma sources. Stop-flow studies localized Zn reabsorption to the distal nephron during infusion of mannitol and mannitol plus ZnSO4 or ZnCl2. Net Zn secretion was shown to occur in the proximal tubule during cysteine infusion with reversal of the distal reabsorption pattern seen during ZnSO4 and ZnCl2 infusion. Despite increased urinary Zn excretion during ZnSO4 infusion, calcium excretion was unaltered. During cysteine infusion dissociation of tubular handling of CA2+ and Zn occurred in both the proximal and distal tubule. These experiments demonstrate that the nephron under these experimental conditions is capable of both proximal secretion and distal reabsorption of Zn. PMID- 7304747 TI - Renal tubular handling of zinc in the dog. AB - Clearance and stop-flow techniques, performed on anesthetized dogs, were used to obtain evidence for renal tubular reabsorption or secretion of 65Zn (administered intravenously with varying amounts of carrier ZnCl2). Ultrafilterability of plasma 65Zn was determined in vitro with Amicon CF-50A filter cones. Clearances were obtained under six conditions: antidiuresis, mannitol diuresis alone and following the infusion of chlorothiazide, citrate, cysteine, histidine. The percentage of ultrafilterability averaged, respectively, 1.15, 1.38, 0.91, 1.53, 19.90, and 11.61, while fractional zinc excretion averaged 0.046, 0.10, 0.31, 0.43, 0.78, and 0.12, respectively. Control stop-flow patterns invariably showed net Zn reabsorption in the distal nephron. Stop-flow patterns after chlorothiazide revealed significant net secretion in the far distal area in all animals. Patterns after either citrate or histidine infusion revealed significant net reabsorption in the proximal nephron. Those after cysteine were similar to the control patterns. Thus, both clearance and stop-flow experiments revealed net reabsorption as the major tubular mechanism of zinc handling, tubular secretion occurring only during chlorothiazide administration. PMID- 7304749 TI - Nature of urate transport in isolated rabbit proximal tubules. AB - Unidirectional fluxes of [14C]-urate from bath to lumen and from lumen to bath were measured in isolated perfused rabbit proximal tubules. The absorption of urate from the perfusate was small in magnitude and relatively insensitive to alteration by luminal probenecid or D-glucose. By contrast, peritubular probenecid inhibited urate secretion from bath to lumen in all three segments. To estimate the facilitated component of urate secretion for each bath concentration of the anion, the passive component of urate influx (probenecid-resistant influx) was subtracted from the total influx of urate. Urate secretion was strongly dependent on concentration of urate in the bath, the relationship being sigmoidal in many S1 and S2 segments. The S0.5 values of 187,251, and 234 X 10(-6) M obtained from Hill plots of mean data from S1, S2, S3 segments, respectively, indicated that the secretory mechanism had a relatively uniform affinity for urate along the proximal tubule. Vmax values for urate secretion were 568,592, and 55 X 10(-15) mol . min-1 . mm-1 for the same segments. Kinetic analysis indicated that axial heterogeneity of urate secretion is probably due to differences in the relative densities of urate transporters of common affinity along the proximal tubule. We suggest that in intact rabbits with low plasma levels urinary urate is the product of glomerular filtration, passive reabsorption, and minimal proximal secretion. With elevation of plasma urate above endogenous levels, S1 and S2 segments secrete urate at an accelerated rate, possibly reflecting action of a transporter with allosteric features. PMID- 7304750 TI - Ultrastructural changes related to functional activity in gastric oxyntic cells. AB - When stimulated to secrete HCl the gastric oxyntic cell undergoes profound morphological change. The identifiable apical cell surface is greatly expanded in the stimulated oxyntic cell as compared with nonsecreting ones. To account for this change, one hypothesis proposes that the expanded surface is derived from the fusion of cytoplasmic tubulovesicular membranes with the existing limited apical membrane surface. An alternative hypothesis suggests that the tubulovesicular compartment is actually confluent with the apical surface at all times and that the morphological appearance follows the expansion of this supercollapsed compartment as HCl secretion commences. A variety of morphological evidence is reviewed here including transmission electron microscopy during various stages of secretion and inhibition, analysis of freeze-fracture replicas, penetration of macromolecular tracers, and membrane surface-staining characteristics. It is concluded that the weight of evidence favors a membrane fusion process. Moreover, recent comparative studies of membrane fractions from resting and secreting stomachs show different morphological and functional properties that are also consistent with a fusion hypothesis as a fundamental event in the membrane transformation of the oxyntic cell. PMID- 7304748 TI - Isolated perfused salamander proximal tubule. II. Monovalent ion replacement and rheogenic transport. AB - Early proximal tubules of the salamander kidney (Ambystoma tigrinum) were isolated and perfused in vitro. Transepithelial and basolateral electrical potential differences, transepithelial resistances, and intracellular ionic activities were measured during removal of Na+, K+, or Cl- from the lumen, the bath, or both lumen and bath. The effects of these external ionic replacements are interpreted in terms of an equivalent circuit that represents the renal epithelium as a network of passive ionic resistances, ionic diffusion potentials, and active transport current sources. Results indicate that rheogenic transport across the basolateral membrane is substantially diminished by removal of Na+ from either lumen or bath or by removal of K+ from the bath. On the other hand, bilateral chloride removal produces an increase in transepithelial resistance but almost no change in the calculated rate of basolateral rheogenic transport. This suggests that the source of the basolateral rheogenic ion flux ia a Na-K-ATPae that actively transports an excess of outward Na+ over inward K+. PMID- 7304751 TI - Mechanical properties of primate gallbladder: description by a dynamic method. AB - Biomechanical theory was applied to devise a dynamic method for describing gallbladder tone in an in situ baboon model. Under pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) anesthesia, cyclical infusion of bile into and withdrawal of bile from the gallbladder with continuous pressure monitoring allow instantaneous measurement of the pressure-volume ratio and thus of mean gallbladder compliance. This paper describes the method and details the manner of data analysis. Pharmacologic and hormonal agents with known gallbladder effects are used in order to demonstrate the sensitivity of the method. Pilocarpine, histamine, and cholecystokinin cause contraction of the primate gallbladder smooth muscle; this contraction is reflected in decreased compliance by continuous monitoring. Atropine administration results in increased ability to accommodate volume infusions; this effect has not been demonstrated by static monitoring in previous experiments. This new method allows continuous monitoring of compliance and offers both simplicity and sensitivity when compared with previous methods. PMID- 7304752 TI - Bicarbonate absorption by in vitro amphibian small intestine. AB - Isolated segments of jejunum from Amphiuma bathed in Cl--free (SO42(-)) media usually generated serosa-negative electrical potentials when HCO3(-) was present in the media. Bidirectional isotope fluxes under short circuit revealed a negligible absorption of Na+ and a residual flux consistent with anion absorption. Acetazolamide (10(-4) M) eliminated the short-circuit current and the residual flux. Segments of jejunum exposed on the mucosal surface to HCO3(-) (pH 7.4) alkalinized the unbuffered serosal fluid at a rate of about 1.1 mueq . h-1 . cm-2, as measured by the pH-stat while clamped at zero transepithelial potential. Acetazolamide, anoxia, and 2,4-dinitrophenol lowered the rate of alkalinization and simultaneously reduced the short-circuit current by an equal amount. Absorption was constant above a [HCO3(-)] of 35 meq/l and uninfluenced by applied transepithelial voltage gradients. HCO3(-) absorption was not reduced after replacement of media Na+ or Cl- but was reduced on addition of ouabain or removal of K+. It is concluded that the jejunum actively absorbs HCO3(-) by an electrogenic process that does not involve Na+-H+ exchange. PMID- 7304753 TI - Search for resistances controlling canine gastric emptying of liquid meals. AB - Previous work has indicated that a chemoselective resistance controls gastric emptying. By use of meals of glucose or oleate, which were shown to empty spontaneously from dogs' stomachs half as fast as saline, we sought to locate this resistance by studying flow under controlled pressures in various regions of the gastrointestinal tract. In intact dogs, gastric outflow of glucose or oleate rose one-third as fast as outflow of saline as gastric pressure was raised, and this increased resistance to outflow of nutrients was unaffected by truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. In fistula dogs, gastroduodenal outflow rose linearly with gastroduodenal pressure gradients; outflow was markedly inhibited in a dose related manner by intestinal oleate but not glucose. Inhibition by oleate was abolished by pyloroplasty. Glucose or oleate flowed into the small bowel from a barostat only slightly slower than saline. However, there was a strong inhibition of intestinal inflow of all three meals by gastric distension, an effect unaltered by truncal vagotomy. The findings suggest that gastric emptying is controlled by complex interactions among pressures and resistances, both within and beyond the stomach. PMID- 7304754 TI - Effects of lecithin ingestion on plasma and lymph lipoproteins of normo- and hyperlipemic rats. AB - Rats were fed low- or high-cholesterol diets in which all fatty acids were derived from either polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) or safflower oil (SO) for 15 days. In hypercholesterolemic rats, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol esters were increased by dietary PC compared with SO. In normolipemic rats, PC administered either in the diet or by short-term, maximal-rate intraduodenal infusion had no effect on aortic or portal plasma lipoprotein lipids or on mesenteric lymph and plasma lipoproteins compared with SO. The phosphoryl component of PC, when absorbed by the enteral route, may influence lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats but has no effect in normolipemic rats. PMID- 7304755 TI - Adenine nucleotide transport during cardiac ischemia. AB - The suggestion that long-chain acyl coenzyme A (CoA) derivatives may inhibit mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transport in heart cells during ischemia has been reevaluated. The effectiveness of media palmitoyl-CoA as an inhibitor is a function of mitochondrial protein and media adenine nucleotide concentrations. Extrapolation to the protein and adenine nucleotide levels of the cardiac cell suggest that physiological concentrations of cytosolic long-chain acyl-CoA would not inhibit adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) transport. Palmitoyl-CoA was varied in the mitochondrial matrix by incubating the isolated mitochondria with and without palmitoyl carnitine. Intramitochondrial nucleotides were depleted by incubating the isolated mitochondria for various periods of time with arsenite and phosphate. Even at low substrate (matrix ATP) concentrations, no palmitoyl CoA inhibition of ATP transport could be demonstrated. Further experiments showed that endogenous nucleotide levels are significantly depleted in mitochondria isolated from hearts made ischemic for 30-90 min. Since mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transport occurs by an exchange mechanism, this depletion of the internal pool of nucleotides from ischemic heart mitochondria may result in an irreversible diminution of ATP transport. PMID- 7304756 TI - Hypoxic responses of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the acute spinal cat. AB - The relation between arterial O2 tension (PaO2) and the firing rate of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN) of the cervical sympathetic trunk was studied during graded isocapnic hypoxia and hyperoxia in unanesthetized acute C-1 spinal cats. In the PaO2 range between 40 and 400 Torr there was no relation between the two variables. Below 40 Torr firing rate increased as PaO2 decreased, reaching an average peak value of ten times control at a PaO2 of 20 Torr. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was also independent of PaO2 between 40 and 400 Torr and increased by an average of 25% at PaO2 values below 40 Torr. Intravenous administration of hexamethonium or phentolamine abolished the MABP response but not the SPN response to hypoxia. Pentobarbital (5-60 mg/kg iv) did not modify the SPN response to hypoxia, although normoxic SPN background firing was considerably depressed. The excitatory effect of hypoxia seems independent of excitatory afferent input and appears to be a general property of SPN. PMID- 7304757 TI - Sensitivity differences of SA and AV node to vagal stimulation: attenuation of vagal effects at SA node. AB - The present study sought to characterize vagally induced desensitization at the sinoatrial (SA) node of the intact dog and to determine whether these findings could be extended to atrioventricular (AV) Nodal conduction. Autonomically decentralized anesthetized dogs were instrumented to record electrocardiograms, arterial pressure, and electrograms from the SA node, right atrium, right ventricle, and His bundle. During right- or left-vagal stimulation for 60 s, cycle length (CL) increased initially, followed by a gradual recovery toward control during stimulation; atrio-His (AH) interval remained prolonged throughout the stimulation. Atrial drive increased AH interval during stimulation, but AH prolongation was maintained throughout the stimulation period. To rule out acetylcholine (ACh) depletion, ACh was administered before and during vagal stimulation. Although control CL and AH interval were lengthened by ACh, no significant CL increases occurred when ACh was given during stimulation, but the AH interval became longer. Propranolol increased control CL and AH interval but did not alter the relationship between vagal stimulation and CL or AH interval. Thus the negative chronotropic effect of ACh at the SA node is diminished upon prolonged vagal stimulation, whereas the negative dromotropic effect upon AV nodal conduction remains unaltered. These results suggest differences in muscarinic receptor behavior at the SA and AV nodes. PMID- 7304758 TI - Efficacy of sympathetic influences as related to initial vascular tonicity. AB - The efficacy of vasoconstrictor influences as dependent on the initial vascular tone (initial rate of perfusion) and perfusion pressure was investigated in rat and frog hindlimb preparations perfused with saline solution. Efficacy was determined as the ratio of the preparation resistance (R) induced by sympathetic stimulation to the initial resistance R0. At a pressure normal for the experimental animal, the relationship between R/R0 and flow is expressed by a dome-shaped curve. At a pressure twice the normal, it is low at all points; at a pressure half the normal, different responses were obtained from the two species used in the experiment: in rats elevation of vascular tone induced by sympathetic stimulation resulted in a complete cessation of flow, whereas in frogs the initial high efficacy diminished with increasing vascular tone. A mathematical model devised to study the dependence of the efficacy of sympathetic stimulation on initial tonicity is described. The good consistency of experimental and calculated results is regarded as evidence that the prerequisites stipulated in the model, i.e., the capacity of closure and the heterogeneity of arterioles, in regard to the effort developed by their smooth muscle, are actually inherent in the vascular system of organs. PMID- 7304759 TI - Lysophosphoglycerides in ischemic myocardium effluents and potentiation of their arrhythmogenic effects. AB - Lysophosphoglycerides accumulate in ischemic myocardium. To determine whether lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations increase in extracellular fluid and may be arrhythmogenic, the anterior descending coronary artery of the open-chest cat (n = 12) was perfused with a Krebs-albumin solution after 10 min of ischemia and the effluent assayed for LPC. A twofold increase in LPC (0.097 +/- 0.02 to 0.170 +/- 0.03 mM) was observed. Microelectrode intracellular recordings from from normal feline endocardium at pH 7.4 in vitro revealed little change in action potentials when superfused with feline plasma despite augmented LPC to twice normal levels (0.74 mM). However, at pH 6.7, marked changes were elicited by LPC-enriched plasma including diminished resting membrane potential (-96 +/- 1 to -35 +/- 7 mV), amplitude (102 +/- 3 to 36 +/- 8 mV), maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of phase 0 (178 +/- 24 to 26 +/- 11 V/s), and conduction velocity with fractionation of the action potential. Acidified control plasma decreased only Vmax (from 161 to 57 V/s). Thus LPC increases twofold in effluents from cat myocardium in vivo after 10 min of ischemia and, coupled with ischemia-induced acidosis, is sufficient to induce marked electrophysiological derangements in vitro. PMID- 7304760 TI - Collagen synthesis and content in right ventricular hypertrophy in the dog. AB - The fractional synthesis rate of collagen (the percent of total ventricular collagen synthesized in one day) was measured in the hearts of normal dogs and those with pulmonary artery stenosis using a continuous 6-h intravenous infusion of [14C]proline. The fractional synthesis rate in normal ventricles was slow, 0.56%/day, and it increased eightfold to 4.8%/day in the hypertrophying right ventricle after 5 days. After 12 and 28 days the synthesis rate was still significantly greater than in the control left ventricle, being 2.6 and 1.3%/day, respectively. However, the synthesis rate of noncollagen protein was significantly greater than normal at 5 days only. The collagen content (expressed as a mass fraction) of the right ventricle decreased over the first 12 days of hypertrophy but by 28 days was restored to the normal right ventricular value of 9.6 mg/g wet wt tissue. The total amount of collagen in the hypertrophied ventricle calculated from the synthesis rates was in accord with that measured chemically. In normal dogs the collage content of the right ventricle was greater than that of the left, and the epicardium contributed substantially to the total collagen in the ventricular walls. PMID- 7304761 TI - Abnormal lanthanum accumulation due to ischemia in isolated myocardium: effect of chlorpromazine. AB - The progression of functional, structural, and membrane permeability alterations in the isolated, perfused rabbit interventricular septal preparation was examined at 1, 1.5 or 2 h of ischemia and during 1 h of postischemic reflow. Two other groups of rabbits were pretreated with chlorpromazine (15 and 25 mg/kg), a drug with inhibitory effects on Ca influx and phospholipase activation. The ability of the septa to contract decreased markedly during the ischemic period, but a graded recovery response in physiological contractile parameters was observed upon reperfusion. In septa with comparable preischemic contractile function, pretreatment with chlorpromazine resulted in better functional recovery than that of nontreated septa. Ultrastructural examination showed more extensive and severe damage with increasing periods of ischemia. Ionic La-probe studies of altered membrane integrity showed extensive abnormal intracellular La deposition with ischemic periods of 1.5 h or longer followed by reperfusion. Septa pretreated with chlorpromazine showed better preservation of cell integrity and less intracellular lanthanum deposition. Thus, in this model, a good correlation was found between the extent of functional, structural, and membrane permeability alterations caused by ischemia, and a protective effect of chlorpromazine was shown. PMID- 7304762 TI - Cerebrovascular response to hypoxia in baroreceptor- and chemoreceptor-denervated dogs. AB - Cerebral hemodynamic responses to arterial hypoxemia were studied in anesthetized paralyzed dogs that were or that had undergone carotid baroreceptor denervation, carotid chemoreceptor denervation, vagotomy, or both vagotomy and carotid sinus nerve section. Arterial O2 content was lowered from control (19.0 vol%) to 9.6 vol% by either decreasing arterial O2 tension [hypoxic hypoxemia (HH)] or increasing carboxyhemoglobin saturation[carbon-monoxide hypoxemia (COH)] at normal O2 tension. In intact animals (composite control values from all groups) HH and COH resulted in similar increases in cerebral blood flow (to 205 and 197% of control, respectively). Cerebral vascular resistance decreased more with COH than with HH (to 42 vs. 60% of control). The response from carotid baroreceptor denervated animals and from vagotomized animals did not differ from that of the intact animals. After carotid chemoreceptor denervation and combined carotid sinus nerve section and vagotomy, both HH and COH increased cerebral blood flow to 194% of control (same increase as in intact animals, carotid baroreceptor denervated animals, and vagotomized animals) and produced equal reductions in cerebral vascular resistance (to 34% of control). These data show that the carotid and aortic chemoreceptors are not necessary for the increase in cerebral blood flow provoked by hypoxemia and that this response is not modified by the carotid and aortic baroreceptors. PMID- 7304763 TI - Estimates of isogravimetric capillary pressures during alveolar hypoxia. AB - Isogravimetric capillary pressures (Pci) and pre-(Ra) and postcapillary (Rv) pulmonary vascular resistances were estimated in isolated dog lungs when ventilated with 95% O2-5% CO2 and during alveolar hypoxia, which was simulated by ventilation with a 95% N2-5% CO2 gas mixture. In addition, the filtration coefficient (KF,C) was measured during alveolar hypoxia and compared with prehypoxic measurements. When both arterial and venous pressures were maintained constant during the alveolar hypoxia, Pci decreased from 8 to 6.9 mmHg, and total pulmonary vascular resistance increased from 0.040 to 0.083 (cmH2O . ml-1 . min . 100 g lung). Ra increased significantly from 0.027 to 0.067, and Rv remained unchanged, averaging 0.013 and 0.015 for control and hypoxic conditions, respectively. The changes in vascular resistance observed in alveolar hypoxia appear to be confined to blood vessels that are probably located in larger preseptal blood vessels. KF,C increased significantly from 0.092 to 0.179 ml . min-1 . cmH2O-1 . 100 g lung-1 during hypoxia. Either the surface area available for fluid exchange or the vascular permeability increases with alveolar hypoxia in the isolated dog lung. Inasmuch as vascular pressures were maintained constant in the present study, then the increase in KF,C with alveolar hypoxia is probably associated with changes in vascular permeability rather than an increased surface area of the fluid exchange vessels. PMID- 7304764 TI - Multiple mechanisms of reactive hyperemia in arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch. AB - To investigate mechanisms of reactive hyperemia, single arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch were occluded for periods of 1 s-3 min. Arteriolar diameters were measured upstream and downstream from the occlusion. O2 availability to the tissue was controlled by equilibrating the suffusate with low (0% O2) or high (10% O2) O2 gas mixtures. After very brief occlusions downstream sites dilated transiently, but upstream diameters did not change. Upstream and downstream diameters both increased during longer occlusions with O%-O2 and 10%-O2 suffusion. Microvascular pressure decreased at downstream sites and increased at upstream sites within 1-2 s of occlusion. During 0%-O2 suffusion tissue and periarteriolar O2 tensions (PO2's) began to decrease within 2 s of occlusion and had decreased halfway to their minimum value by 7 s. PO2's decreased only slightly during 10%-O2 suffusion. Calculated first-order rate constants for arteriolar diameter recovery decreased and total recovery time increased as occlusion duration was prolonged. This study suggests that multiple mechanisms (metabolic, myogenic, and passive) contribute to reactive hyperemia. PMID- 7304765 TI - Perinatal pulmonary prostaglandin production. AB - Products of reactions catalyzed by prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase [prostaglandins (PG), thromboxanes] were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection in the venous effluents of in situ Krebs-perfused lungs of exteriorized fetal goats and sheep before and after ventilation with air. The major products were 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 6,15-diketo[13,14-dihydro] PGI2 without blood components. After ventilation, which decreased pulmonary vascular resistance to 63% of the before-ventilation value, lung production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and metabolite increased 50 and 230%, respectively. These data, in addition to earlier findings of inhibition of ventilation-induced pulmonary vasodilation by indomethacin and increased net production of PG-like material after ventilation of blood-perfused fetal lungs, support the hypothesis that ventilation of fetal lungs with air at birth increases synthesis of PGI2 by or near pulmonary resistance vessels, resulting in high local concentrations of PGI2 near its site of production. PGI2 appears to be important in the pulmonary vascular resistance decrease that is necessary for successful perinatal transition. PMID- 7304766 TI - Reflex effects of left atrial pressure elevation on total intravascular volume. AB - The reflex autonomic influence of left atrial baroreceptor stimulation on the total capacitance vasculature has not been examined. To this end, left atrial pressure was increased in 25 anesthetized dogs, in which blood from the vena cavae was drained into an extracorporeal reservoir and returned to the right atrium at a constant rate, so that changes in intravascular volume could be recorded as reciprocal changes in reservoir volume. Left atrial pressure was elevated from 5 +/- 1 (mean +/- SE) to 11 +/- 1 mmHg by inflating a balloon at the mitral orifice for 12-20 min. With left atrial pressure elevation, total intravascular volume decreased 25 +/- 10 ml (P less than 0.025). In six of the dogs, intravascular volume decreased 37 +/- 12 ml with left atrial pressure elevation before bilateral cervical vagectomies and increased 66 +/- 8 ml with atrial pressure elevation after vagectomies (P less than 0.001). In eight of the dogs, volume decreased 42 +/- 19 ml with atrial pressure elevation before propranolol administration and increased 44 +/- 29 ml after propranolol (P less than 0.03). Phenoxybenzamine in five of the animals and atropine in three did not attenuate the change in intravascular volume with left atrial pressure elevation. Thus left atrial baroreceptor stimulation is associated with an autonomic reflex, which acts to decrease intravascular volume. The afferent limb is mediated by the vagi, and the efferent limb, by beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. PMID- 7304767 TI - Local cerebral glucose utilization and blood flow during metabolic acidosis. AB - The relationship between local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was studied in two groups of normal conscious rats. LCGU was measured by the [14C]deoxyglucose technique and LCBF by the [14C]iodoantipyrine technique. When the LCGU of 39 brain structures was correlated with their respective values of LCBF an excellent correlation (r = 0.96) was obtained between LCGU and LCBF, demonstrating a tight coupling at a local level. Chronic metabolic acidosis was induced in two other groups of rats by adding 0.35 M NH4Cl to the drinking water for 5-6 days. This resulted in a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in overall cerebral glucose utilization (-29%) and a nonsignificant reduction in overall cerebral blood flow (-8%). This dissociation between the overall cerebral glucose utilization and blood flow during metabolic acidosis cannot be taken as an indicator of uncoupling because the values for LCGU were still well correlated (r = 0.95) with the values for LCBF, indicating a resetting of the coupling mechanism to a new level. PMID- 7304768 TI - Temperature-sensitive neurons in the preoptic region of sunfish. AB - Single-unit, extracellular recordings were made from spontaneously active, thermosensitive neurons in the preoptic region of green sunfish acclimated to 25 degrees C. Activity of single cells was monitored during increases and decreases in local brain temperature over approximately a 10 degrees C range. Deep-body and skin temperatures were maintained at 25 degrees C. Of 276 neurons, 81% were insensitive, 17% were warm sensitive, and 2% cold sensitive. Warm responses were grouped into three basic types: exponential, linear, and nonlinear. All cold sensitive neurons responded in a similar nonlinear manner. Mean levels of firing rate of thermosensitive neurons at 25 degrees C brain temperature ranged from 6 +/- 1.1 impulses/s to 22.7 +/- 10.8 impulses/s. Thermosensitivities were as high as 5.2 +/- 0.9 impulses . -1 . degrees C-1. Anatomic location of these neurons within the preoptic region appears random with some trend for the exponentially responding, warm-sensitive neurons to be located more medial than the other thermosensitive cell types. A small number of neurons were located in the ventrolateral telencephalon. In general, the thermosensitive responses observed resemble those found in other ectotherms and mammals with some exceptions. PMID- 7304770 TI - Endogenous cryogen excreted by the kidneys. AB - Injection (iv) of human urine into rabbits results in a fall in body temperature accompanied by peripheral vasodilation in a thermoneutral ambient temperature and suppression of shivering metabolism in the cold. There were no consistent changes in mean arterial pressure in response to the injection of urine. If the production of urine is prevented by occlusion of the ureters of rabbits, body temperature falls. Injection of endogenous pyrogen (iv) into rabbits, which have had their ureters occluded, results in a significant attenuation in the magnitude of the fever as compared to controls. These observations suggest that there is an endogenously produced cryogenic substance ("endogenous cryogen") normally excreted in an active form by the kidneys and which when either injected, or prevented from being excreted (by clamping the ureters), results in a regulated fall in body temperature. In addition, in human patients on regular dialysis treatment who still had residual renal function, the oral temperature was slightly below normal before hemodialysis and slightly above normal after hemodialysis, a difference averaging 0.39 degrees C (P less than 0.001). These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that endogenous cryogen is a dialyzable substance, and that its concentration is reduced (and therefore the patient's body temperature rises) during hemodialysis. PMID- 7304769 TI - Excitation of cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves: effects on renal function. AB - Cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves can reflexly alter renal efferent nerve activity during myocardial ischemia and in response to mechanical or chemical stimulation of cardiac receptors. They also may influence renal excretion of water and electrolytes; however, this potential influence on renal function has not been determined. Therefore, receptors of cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves were chemically stimulated by epicardial application of bradykinin to determine effects on renal function. Experiments were performed in anesthetized dogs in which cervical vagosympathetic trunks were severed and common carotid arteries were tied to diminish influences of arterial baroreceptors and vagal afferent nerves. Chemical stimulation of cardiac afferent neurons excited renal nerve activity and produced decreases in urine flow rate, glomerular filtration rate, and excretion of sodium and potassium. In contrast, no consistent changes in renal function were observed in control dogs, which did not undergo cardiac afferent stimulation. These data provide evidence that activation of cardiac sympathetic afferent neurons can lead to alterations in excretion of water and electrolytes as well as changes in renal nerve activity. PMID- 7304771 TI - Baroreceptor regulation of heart rate in baboons during different behavioral states. PMID- 7304773 TI - Thermal balance in ketamine-anesthetized rhesus monkey Macaca mulatta. AB - A partitional calorimetry study compared thermoregulatory responses of unanesthetized adult rhesus monkeys (4 female, 1 male) to those anesthetized with ketamine HCl and exposed to ambient temperature (Ta) of 18, 29, 38 degrees C. Steady-state metabolic heat production (M), mean skin temperature (Tsk), rectal temperature (Tre), respiratory evaporative heat loss (Eres), and total evaporative heat loss (Etot) were measured at each Ta. Average Tre of anesthetized animals was reduced by approximately 1 degree C at Ta 18 degrees C, but thermal balance in anesthetized and control animals was maintained by reflexly decreased tissue conductance and shivering. For anesthetized animals, the average M increased 1.8 times over the lowest value of 40.13 W/m2 at Ta 29 degrees C, compared to a 1.5-fold increase for controls. Responses for both groups were not different at Ta 29 degrees C, both groups regulated body temperatures by vasodilation and increased sweating, but with ketamine sweating was reduced (35%). Effective tissue thermal conductance (K) was lowest at Ta 18 (10.8 W/m2 . degrees C) and increased to 39.4 W/m2 . degrees C at Ta 38 degrees C. No significant difference in K was found between ketamine and control groups at other Ta's. PMID- 7304772 TI - Reflex effects of renal afferents on the heart and kidney. AB - The reflex effects of renal afferents on the heart and kidney were studied in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Renal afferent and efferent nerve activity recorded from the renal nerves during occlusion of a single renal vein resulted in increases in nontonically firing renal afferent activity and decreases in tonically firing afferent activity. Renal efferent nerve activity from the contralateral kidney was always inhibited during single renal vein occlusion. This decrease in nerve activity was associated with a decrease in renal vascular resistance. Denervation of the congested kidney eliminated the reflex changes in renal vascular resistance. Cardiopulmonary sympathetic efferent nerve activity from the ansae subclavia was always reflexly inhibited by single renal vein occlusion. Although heart rate and left ventricular contractile force were not altered during renal vein occlusion, right ventricular contractile force decreased by -6 to -25%. This reflex decrease in contractile force was eliminated by denervation of the congested kidney. These studies demonstrate that renal afferents, activated by increases in renal venous pressure, can reflexly inhibit contralateral renal and cardiopulmonary sympathetic efferent nerve activity, decrease contralateral renal vascular resistance, and decrease right ventricular contractile force, without altering heart rate. PMID- 7304774 TI - Cross-species invariance in state-related motility patterns. AB - Each of the sleep and wake states of animals are characterized by specific patterns of behavioral, motoric, and electrophysiological activity. Sleep-wake behavior of rats, rabbits, and human infants (3 of each species) was observed, and, at the same time, a single-channel analog recording was obtained of the motoric activity. A judge who had extensive experience in observing sleep-wake behaviors of human infants, but who was unfamiliar with these behaviors in nonhuman species, scored the analog signals of the rats and rabbits. Another judge, who knew rat and rabbit state behaviors well, but who had not had experience observing human infants, judged the states of the human infants from the analog signals. These judgments were evaluated by comparing them with the findings obtained from direct observation of the subjects. For the nine subjects, the correlations between the judges' scoring of the analog recording and direct observation ranged from 0.856 to 0.985. A more stringent criterion is to determine the exact agreement between judge and observer for each 10-s epoch during the observation. For the major states of active sleep and quiet sleep, the exact agreement ranged from 95.2 to 100%. The wake state was easily judged for rats (100% agreement) but was more difficult for rabbits and humans (59.9 and 66.7%, respectively). This ability to accurately score the state behavior of an unfamiliar species from an analog movement record alone represents a cross species invariance in neuromotor organization. The critical parameters appear to be regularity or irregularity of respiration and the temporal distribution of gross motor movement. PMID- 7304775 TI - Spontaneous obesity in maturing squirrel monkeys fed semipurified diets. AB - The squirrel monkey is usually a lean primate (5-10% fat) until the onset of the pubertal growth spurt at about 3 yr of age. This characteristic is generally maintained thereafter for animals fed commercial monkey biscuits. Animals fed semipurified diets containing a moderate amount of fat and sucrose continue to gain weight, however, until a frank obesity is developed. Conventionally, an animal is labeled obese when the body weight is greater than 1,200 and 800 g for males and females, respectively. By 6 yr of age, practically 100% of the animals satisfy these criteria. The carcass composition from a subset of obese animals showed that fat content ranged from 18 to 40%, and that weight gain in males heavier than 800 g represents increasing proportions of fat. The annual weight cycling ascribed to sexual activity appeared to remain superimposed on the "basal" obesity. Food intake monitoring showed a significant hyperphagia associated with rapid weight gain. A major interaction between the neuroendocrine setting and a very palatable diet in the development of this syndrome is implied. PMID- 7304776 TI - A critical examination of the dual system theory in Ostrinia nubilalis. AB - Beck's dual system theory (DST) is examined theoretically and experimentally by investigating the oviposition rhythm of Ostrinia nubilalis and its entrainment by light cycles. Several well-known circadian phenomena are not accounted for by the DST. 1) It does not generate transient cycles when light pulses fall during the advance portion of the circadian cycle. This is also reflected in DST-predicted phase-response curves (PRC's) for both Drosophila pseudoobscura and O. nubilalis. Steady-state phase advances are predicted to occur on day 1 after the light pulses by the DST, not several cycles later as has been observed in many cases. 2) It does not account for the observation that the magnitude of a phase shift (delta phi) is often a function of pulse duration of both delays and advances. The DST predicts the same + delta phi, for example, for a 0.5-h and a 6.0-h light pulse beginning 5.0 h after dusk. 3) The DST does not accurately predict steady state phase relationships between the light cycle and the gating oscillation (P system) in non-24-h light cycles. 4) The driver (S-system) is given the property of being temperature sensitive whereas the driven rhythm (P-system) is temperature compensated. This is contrary to accumulated data suggesting that the circadian pacemaker is temperature compensated. PMID- 7304777 TI - Metabolic concomitants of glucagon-induced suppression of feeding in the rat. AB - The suppression of food intake elicited in rats by injection of pancreatic glucagon and the accompanying changes in energy metabolite flux were investigated. Glucagon injections, 120-360 micrograms ip, were made as rats began the first meal of the dark phase after food deprivation during the light phase. Glucagon-injected rats terminated their meals sooner and ate smaller meals than vehicle-injected rats. For metabolic assays, rats were identically treated and killed just at meal onset or 15 min later. Portal vein blood glucose increased similarly in all rats allowed to feed, whereas plasma nonesterified fatty acid and D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate levels decreased during feeding. In contrast, hepatic vein and aorta blood glucose levels increased more after glucagon than after vehicle injections. Liver glycogen content decreased after glucagon injections. The highest glucagon dose only had slight lipolytic and ketogenic effects. It was concluded the glycogenolytic and hyperglycemic action of glucagon may generate a satiety signal sufficient to cause premature termination of meals. Changes in ketone and lipid fluxes do not appear necessary for this behavioral effect. PMID- 7304778 TI - Statics of the respiratory system and growth: an experimental and allometric approach. AB - Static mechanical properties of the respiratory system have been examined during growth. Static inflation limb pressure-volume curves were obtained in rats and rabbits of three age groups, newborn, 2 wk, and adult. Lung weight-to-body weight ratio (LW/BW) decreased with age. Functional residual capacity (FRC) decreased with age when expressed per unit BW but increased when expressed per unit LW. Elastic recoil pressure of the lung at FRC increased during growth. Respiratory system and chest wall compliance per unit body weight (Crs/BW, Cw/BW) decreased during growth while lung compliance (CL/LW) increased. Examination of the newborn and adult allometric functions with respect to each other, suggests that, in general, changes in respiratory variables during growth are age dependent rather than size dependent. The slopes of these functions during growth tend to be less than the allometric slopes found in either the newborn or adult. In the adult the respiratory system and lung-specific compliances are interspecific constants, whereas chest wall specific compliance decreases with body size. In contrast, all the specific compliances of the newborn are size independent. The allometric ratio of Cw to CL decreases with body size in the adult, whereas this ratio is larger in the newborn and is an interspecific constant. PMID- 7304779 TI - Thermal dependence of endurance and locomotory energetics in a lizard. AB - The thermal dependencies of endurance and the rates of oxygen cnsumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were determined for the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis walking on a treadmill. The thermal dependencies of endurance and maximal VO2 (VO2 max) are nerly identical. The maximal sustainable speed and the speed at which VO2 max is attained at each experimental body temperature are the same. The net cost of locomotion (the slope of VO2 vs. speed) is termperature independent. Resting VO2 and the incremental change in VO2 required to support locomotion at a sustainable speed are higher at 40 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. Therefore, the total cost of locomotion (VO2 divided by speed) is greater at 40 degrees C. However, the minimum cost of transport, attained at the maximal sustainable speed, is temperature independent. The results clearly indicate that maintenance of a high body temperature is energetically expensive for Dipsosaurus, but that the associated expanded activity capacity enables this lizard to avoid an obligate increase in the energetic requirements of locomotion. PMID- 7304780 TI - Comparison of the "mammal machine" and the "reptile machine": energy use and thyroid activity. AB - Oxygen consumption of tissue slices of liver, kidney, and brain were measured at 37 degrees C to assess in vitro metabolism of tissues of Amphibolurus nuchalis and Mus musculus (a reptile and mammal with same weight and body temperature). "Sodium transport" metabolism was also assessed (with use of ouabain) in these tissues. The mammal had an in vitro tissue metabolism that was two to five times that of the reptile and its sodium transport metabolism was four- to ninefold greater. Growth of reptile young and mammal young at the same body temperature was measured and the mammal showed a growth rate that was an order of magnitude greater than the reptile. Thyroid activity was assessed in the reptile and mammal by measurement of thyroidal uptake and release of 125I and serum thyroxine concentration. All parameters indicated a greater thyroid activity in the mammal. These findings are discussed in relation to the action of the thyroid hormones, the paleoecology of mammals and reptiles and the evolution of endothermy. PMID- 7304781 TI - Capillary supply of skeletal muscles from acclimatized white-footed mice Peromyscus. AB - Winter-acclimatized white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) can increase their aerobic heat production under cold stress by 70%. The possibility that changes in microvascular supply might account, in part, for some of this increased thermogenic capacity was examined in one of the primary thermogenic tissues, skeletal muscle. Capillaries were stained histochemically in four hindlimb muscles of freshly captured Peromyscus in summer and winter. Capillary density, mean fiber area, and mean capillaries in contact per muscle fiber were obtained from the soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and semitendinosus. If results from all individual muscles are combined, mean fiber area is significantly smaller (8%) and mean capillary density is significantly greater (40%) in winter muscles. The mean number of capillaries in contact is not different, but the mean ratio of capillaries in contact per mean fiber area (index of potential perfusion) is significantly greater (25%) in winter muscles. PMID- 7304782 TI - Amiloride-sensitive ammonium and sodium ion transport in the blue crab. AB - In the estuarine crab, Callinectes sapidus, net NH4+ efflux was twice as high in animals acclimated to 17% salinity seawater (SW) (0.495 +/- 0.084 mumol . h-1 . g wet wt-1, n = 7) than in animals acclimated to full-strength 35% SW (0.212 +/- 0.028 mumol . h-1 . g-1, n = 7). Amiloride (3 X 10(-4) M) in the external SW reversibly inhibited these effluxes by 63 +/- 6% (n = 6) and 67 +/- 6% (n = 5), respectively. Unidirectional Na+ influx was reversibly inhibited 42 +/- 6% (n = 7) by amiloride in 17% SW-acclimated crabs and 49 +/- 7% (n = 8) in 35% SW acclimated crabs. This mutual sensitivity to amiloride is evidence for a Na+/NH4+ exchanger. Inhibition of unidirectional Na+ efflux by Na+-free SW indicates the presence of an obligate Na+/Na+ exchange component that accounts for at least 42% of the Na+ flux and is also amiloride sensitive. The lack of inhibition by amiloride of the net H+ efflux does not support the presence of a Na+/H+ exchanger. Acclimation of the crab to dilute SW may involve an increase in the activity of the Na+/NH4+ exchanger in the gills, but this mechanism contributes only a small fraction of the total Na+ transport. PMID- 7304783 TI - Sympathetic nerve function and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Increased neurotransmitter release during sympathetic nerve stimulation may contribute importantly to the maintenance of spontaneous hypertension. Therefore, transmitter release and vascular reactivity were measured in perfused mesenteric vasculature of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Increase in norepinephrine release, measured as total tritium overflow, during periarterial nerve stimulation was significantly greater in SHR than in WKY, as was the vasoconstrictor response. Even after blockade of neuronal uptake with cocaine (10 microM), or of neuronal as well as extraneuronal uptake with cocaine plus metanephrine (20 microM), norepinephrine overflow was still greater in SHR than in WKY. The greater vasoconstrictor response in SHR still persisted following uptake blockade. Phentolamine (5.3 microM) increased transmitter overflow markedly but equally in both SHR and WKY thereby suggesting that increased transmitter release in SHR was not due to alterations in presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor mechanism. Vascular reactivity not only to periarterial nerve stimulation but also to norepinephrine, vasopressin, and barium chloride was increased in SHR. These results suggest that, in SHR, increases in norepinephrine release as well as vasoconstrictor reactivity contribute to the maintenance of hypertension. PMID- 7304784 TI - Circadian rhythm of body temperature persists after suprachiasmatic lesions in the squirrel monkey. AB - Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) demonstrate prominent circadian (approx 24 h) rhythms in many behavioral and physiological variables including drinking and body temperature. Both of these rhythms can be entrained by a 24-h light-dark cycle (LD 12:12) but will free-run with an endogenous period in a constantly illuminated (LL:600 lx) environment free of time cues. After radio-frequency lesions were placed stereotaxically in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of five monkeys, the circadian rhythm of drinking behavior was disrupted when the monkeys were maintained in LL. However, the circadian rhythm in core body temperature in these animals persisted in LL with a significant circadian spectral component following destruction of the SCN. The SCN thus appear to be of fundamental importance for regulating the circadian organization of drinking; however, an oscillator located elsewhere in the squirrel monkey is capable of generating the core body temperature rhythm. PMID- 7304785 TI - Oxygen consumption and locomotor activity during restricted feeding and realimentation. AB - Both the resting rate of O2 consumption and the heat increment in response to an intubated meal were measured in male rats following periods of food restriction and during realimentation. In one experiment, resting rates of O2 consumption were significantly reduced below control values after food consumption had been restricted and during a substantial part of an 11-day period of controlled realimentation. In a second experiment, the heat increment in response to an intubated meal was also significantly less following an interval of food restriction and during the early stages of realimentation. The reduction in O2 consumption was not related to reduced locomotor activity. These results obtained whether O2 consumption was measured in absolute amount or was referenced to an estimate of the animal's metabolically active tissue (kg body wt0.75). It is suggested that these metabolic adaptations contribute significantly to the enhanced efficiency of food utilization reported in food-restricted animals during controlled realimentation. PMID- 7304786 TI - Multiple-coupled pacemaker system in renal pelvis of the unicalyceal kidney. AB - The characteristics of spontaneous contractility in the renal pelvis were examined in the unicalyceal kidney of the rabbit. In vitro isometric studies were done on whole as well as renal pelvic segments dissected longitudinally and radially. The results show that the contractile frequency of isolated segments was highest in the proximal region (4.188 +/- 0.162 min-1) and decreased distally to (2.178 +/- 0.330 min-1). There was no significant frequency gradient in the circumferential direction. A modulation of wave form (waxing and waning phenomena) was observed in both the proximal and middle regions of the pelvis. Based on these results, a simulation of the renal pelvic activity was made by using a chain of coupled linear oscillators. At high values of coupling a pacemaker contraction of the renal pelvis was reproduced by the coupled oscillator model. The modulation of wave form was observed when the coupling of the circumferential direction was weak. These results are discussed in the context of the hierarchically organized multiple-coupled pacemaker system, which characterizes an integrative activity of the unicalyceal renal pelvis. PMID- 7304787 TI - Total body sodium, calcium, and chloride measured chemically and by neutron activation in guinea pigs. AB - Body sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and chloride (Cl) of guinea pigs weighing between 227 and 600 g were measured by total body neutron activation analysis (TBNAA) followed by chemical analysis (CA) on 12-17 animals. Paired t test was used to compare any differences in the results obtained by the two methods. There was no significant difference in the results for the three elements. The means and standard deviation for Ca (g/100 g body wt) 1.070 +/- 0.132 (TBNAA) and 1.107 +/- 0.125 (CA); for Na 0.149 +/- 0.019 (TBNAA) and 0.143 +/- 0.021 (CA); and for Cl 0.126 +/- 0.009 (TBNAA) and 0.132 +/- 0.024 (CA). Neutron activation analysis alone, in a series of 27 animals, gave means (g/100 g body wt) and standard deviation of 1.110 +/- 0.084 for Ca, 0.120 +/- 0.009 for Cl, and 0.153 +/- 0.011 for Na. TBNAA has potential usefulness, particularly in longitudinal studies in the same animal, because of its accuracy and the rapidity and ease with which the measurements can be made. PMID- 7304788 TI - Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. AB - The authors collected clinical diagnostic, neurophysiological, electrophysiological, and biochemical data on 9 adolescents who had primary obsessive-compulsive disorder. The results indicate considerable descriptive validity of the syndrome in childhood and its independence from obsessional traits; however, all of the children had a history of major depressive disorder, and their sleep EEG measures resembled those of young adults with primary depressive disorder. The patients' families did not have a more consistent pattern of anxiety disorder or any other psychiatric disorder than do families of adult obsessive patients. Psycholinguistic test results showed a lack of normal laterality, which has been reported for other psychiatric illness. PMID- 7304789 TI - Psychiatric education in Eastern Europe. AB - Psychiatry and psychiatric education in the Eastern European countries are determined by the cultural practices and tradition of the region and the organizational principles of the U.S.S.R. Medical schools have been separated from the universities and are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health. Soviet psychiatry is less developed in medical education as compared to the West. A unique feature of Soviet medical education is the development of student scientific societies where opportunities exist for more in-depth work in a specialty. Except for a few select students, postgraduate psychiatric training is shorter and less rigorous than in the West. Refresher education at a facility far advanced training is required at 5-year intervals. PMID- 7304790 TI - Teaching and learning DSM-III. AB - This article presents recommendations for training programs in DSM-III to help counter feelings of apprehension expressed by many mental health professionals over the transition to the new nomenclature and its multiaxial evaluation system. The authors suggest educational objectives, didactic curricula, and methods for training in the clinical application of DSM-III and discuss supervising the use of DSM-III in patient intake and evaluation. Thorough mastery of DSM-III should not be expected after a limited program; learning its strengths and limitations will be a continuing process. PMID- 7304791 TI - Results of the 1976 APA Self-Assessment Program. AB - The authors describe the development and implementation of the third edition of the Psychiatric Knowledge and Skills Self-Assessment Program (PKSAP-III). An assessment of the performance of 4,137 participants in PKSAP-III according to their primary professional activity, time spent in continuing medical education (CME), Board certification, and geographical area reveal that participation in CME had a positive effect on test performance. The authors conclude that the PKSAP is most valuable as a diagnostic tool for the individual practitioner and as a resources tool to assist in structuring a curriculum for small group discussions. PMID- 7304792 TI - Clinical questions and "real" research. AB - Clinical experiences and the questions they generate are a rich potential source for increased understanding of psychopathology and its treatment. Yet a chasm frequently appears to exist isolating clinical observations from the "real" research viewed as essential to developing and testing their implications. This report suggests that a concept of real research limited to large-sample elaborate studies is too narrow for optimal progress in the field. Research principles for developing a clinical intuition systematically, in the clinical context, are described. The important values as well as limitations of this kind of research are noted. PMID- 7304793 TI - Research on repetitive behaviors in childhood. PMID- 7304794 TI - Personality traits and disorder in depression. AB - The authors examined the relationship of personality traits and personality disorder to depressive subtype, descriptive characteristics, and outcome in 160 depressed inpatients. Personality disorder was significantly more common in unipolar nonmelancholic depressed patients (61%) than in unipolar melancholic (14%) or bipolar depressed patients (23%). Personality disorder did not affect symptom manifestation but was related to earlier onset of depressive illness and worse outcome within the unipolar nonmelancholic group. Obsessive traits were most common in the unipolar melancholic patients, while histrionic, hostile, and borderline traits predominated in the nonmelancholic patients. The authors discuss the usefulness of a multiaxial diagnostic system and the importance of separating trait and disorder in personality assessment. PMID- 7304795 TI - Liaison psychiatry: referral patterns and their stability over time. AB - The authors analyzed referral patterns for psychiatric consultation from medical and surgical wards on the basis of 2,000 referrals. They found that patients' demographic characteristics were stable over time. The diagnoses of depressive disorders and organic brain syndromes consistently predominated. Other studies have shown similar findings. The authors stress the importance of research on depressive disorders in the physically ill and of teaching the diagnosis of organic brain syndromes. They also underscore the value of the liaison nurse. PMID- 7304796 TI - Reasons given for success after initial failure on the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Part II Examination. AB - In an attempt to help understand the Part II oral examinations of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, the authors undertook a study to identify the factors that aid candidates in passing the Part II examination after one or more initial failures. A total of 339 diplomates rated 13 reasons hypothesized for passing Part II. The major factors that influenced passing on subsequent attempts were 1) the experience of having taken the examination previously (81%), 2) different examiners (66%), 3) decreased anxiety (61%), 4) additional studying (59%). Other factors suggested by diplomates for passing after initial failures included less fatigue and fewer personal problems. PMID- 7304797 TI - A fatality during haloperidol treatment: mechanism of sudden death. AB - The authors report a case of unexpected sudden death in a woman receiving relatively high dose of haloperidol. They postulate that drug-induced laryngeal spasm leading to cardiac arrest via vagal reflexes may represent the mechanism of neuroleptic sudden death in some cases. PMID- 7304798 TI - Induction of rapid mood cycling during L-dopa treatment in a bipolar patient. AB - The authors report a longitudinal case study of a woman with a history of bipolar affective disorder in which L-dopa shortened the manic-depressive cycle length when administered in a double-blind trial. This finding suggests a dopaminergic mechanism specifically in changing the frequency of cycling between depression and mania. PMID- 7304799 TI - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition in a patient with Wilson's disease and manic symptoms. AB - The authors studied the effect of dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibition on the manic symptoms of a 34-year-old man. They found that fusaric acid decreased the patient's manic symptoms and that his symptoms approximately reverted to their previous state when a placebo was reinstituted. PMID- 7304800 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test and response to methylphenidate in depression. AB - The authors studied 19 inpatients with major depressive episode or schizoaffective disorder, depressed type, and compared their response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) with their response to the methylphenidate stimulation test. They found a significant negative correlation between responses to DST and to methylphenidate. PMID- 7304801 TI - Loxapine as an alternative to phenothiazines in a case of oculocutaneous skin pigmentation. AB - The authors describe a patient with changes in oculocutaneous pigmentation that cleared after chlorpromazine was discontinued. They suggest that loxapine may be a suitable alternative to phenothiazines when skin pigmentation and ocular involvement occur, although the patient must be carefully monitored for ocular problems. PMID- 7304802 TI - Deinstitutionalization studies: some clarifications. PMID- 7304803 TI - Successful psychotherapy with a deaf-mute patient. PMID- 7304804 TI - Benefits of liaison psychiatry. PMID- 7304805 TI - Propranolol, rage, and mania. PMID- 7304806 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: hyperparathyroid crisis. AB - Hyperparathyroid crisis is a rare disease but should be suspected in acutely ill patients complaining of weakness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, confusion and abdominal pain. Despite the variety of clinical manifestations, the syndrome forms a distinctive pattern which, in the presence of a serum calcium level greater than 16 mg/100 ml, should be recognized. The most difficult problem in diagnosis is the differentiation of hyperparathyroid crisis from ectopic parathyroid hormone-producing tumors. The disease is an endocrine emergency which requires prompt surgery after rapid correction of dehydration and hypercalcemia. The best results are achieved by removing offending parathyroid tissue within 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. PMID- 7304807 TI - Significance of mass survey for gastric cancer from the standpoint of surgery. AB - From the standpoint of surgery, results for gastric cancers detected by mass survey were better than for cases found on outpatient examinations, partly because the proportion of early cancers was greater in the former group. The results for advanced cancers were also better in the mass survey group. PMID- 7304808 TI - Prognostic significance of combined splenectomy or pancreaticosplenectomy in total and proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. AB - The prognostic significance of combined splenectomy or pancreaticosplenectomy in total and proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer was evaluated from the viewpoints of lymph node metastasis in the splenopancreatic region and postoperative long-term survival. The postoperative long-term results were not improved in patients who had undergone combined resection, indicating that the course after total or proximal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer is more affected by serosal invasion than lymph node metastasis in the splenopancreatic region. Therefore, combined resection may be of prognostic significance in patients with gastric cancer manifesting lymph node metastasis in the splenopancreatic region but not serosal invasion. PMID- 7304809 TI - Heterotopic bone formation in abdominal operation scars. Report of six cases with review of the literature. PMID- 7304810 TI - Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Review of 69 cases. AB - The records of patients treated for upper gastrointestinal bleeding from 1974 through 1978 were reviewed. Five percent of this group (69 patients) had bleeding due to the Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Only 36 percent of patients had a correct admitting diagnosis. Esophagogastroscopy proved the most reliable diagnostic tool, with 94 percent of 63 patients studied having the diagnosis of Mallory Weiss laceration confirmed. Initial management was medical in all patients. Twenty-one patients (30 percent) required operative intervention. There was a good correlation between the transfusion requirement and the need for operation. There were two deaths in this series; both were considered preventable. The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is common. Esophagogastroscopy performed early can result in a diagnostic accuracy rate of greater than 90 percent. Aggressive nonsurgical therapy after early diagnosis should continue to reduce the role of operation in the treatment of this condition. However, if bleeding continues after initial medical management, or if bleeding continues after 1,500 ml of blood is required, then surgical therapy should be instituted without delay. PMID- 7304812 TI - Primary tumors of the small intestine. AB - In our department of surgery 28 patients with malignant and 10 with benign tumors of the small intestine were treated from 1940 to 1974. Fifteen patients with malignant and 7 with benign tumors underwent surgery with the intention to cure. Palliative operations or explorations were carried out on 13 patients with malignant tumors. Three patients with benign tumors were not operated on. The initial symptoms were vague: abdominal pain, nausea, anemia or bleeding in 75 and 80 percent of patients with malignant and benign tumors, respectively. The indication for operation in the malignant cases was, however, stenosis of the intestine or biliary tract or a palpable mass in 60 percent of the cases. At operation the tumors were thus in an advanced stage. Because the initial symptoms are vague, early diagnosis is difficult. The overall 5 year survival rate was 21 percent after surgery for malignant tumors. Among the patients considered by the surgeons to have had radical operations excluding cancer patients, 40 percent survived 5 years. The surgeon's opinion regarding "radical" operation as well as the presence or absence of metastases at microscopy were of limited prognostic value. PMID- 7304811 TI - Crohn's disease in children. AB - Forty-one children with Crohn's disease were seen over a 10 year period. Fifty percent of these patients were diagnosed at ages 13 to 16 years. The colon and small bowel were involved in half of the patients. Twenty-six patients required surgery for resection of bowel or diversionary procedures. Sixty percent of the patients with small bowel disease alone responded to medical therapy. We have been unable to document that growth failure can be predictably reversed by surgery. There were no deaths in this series and no patient was lost to follow up. At present, only one patient is unable to perform the full-time activities of daily living. The longest period of follow-up is 10 years. PMID- 7304813 TI - Radionuclide angiography of the liver and spleen. Noninvasive method for assessing the ratio of portal venous to total hepatic blood flow and portasystemic shunt patency. AB - Radioactivity verus time curves were generated for the first pass of technetium 99m pertechnetate through the left ventricle, kidneys, spleen and liver, after a 20 mCi peripheral intravenous bolus injection. The rate of change of radioactivity in these organs before recirculation is proportional to blood flow through the organ. The hepatic perfusion index, defined as the ratio of portal flow to total hepatic blood flow, was correlated with the angiographic grade of portal perfusion. The hepatic perfusion index in seven normal subjects was 66.0 +/- 3.4 percent (mean +/- standard error of the mean), and in 22 cirrhotic patients with decreasing angiographic perfusion of grades 1 to 4 the index was 54 +/- 4.6, 37 +/- 2.6, 17 +/- 4.7 and 3 +/- 1.1 percent, respectively. The correlation between the calculated perfusion index and the angiographic grade of portal flow was highly significant (p less than 0.001). The passage of radionuclide through the spleen differed before and after shunt surgery in patients with portal hypertension. The slope to height ratio, based on the downslope of the splenic curve, was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the shunted patients and provided a simple index for assessing shunt patency. PMID- 7304814 TI - Hepatic resection: the logical approach to surgical management of major trauma to the liver. AB - Recent reports on the management of hepatic trauma have discouraged hepatic resection and supported hepatic artery ligation, "resectional debridement" and even packing. These nonresectional procedures are based on misguided principles and should never replace resection. Traditional methods of conducting hepatic resection in an emergency as used in the West probably cause delay in achieving immediate hemostasis, thus contributing to mortality. Compared with Western reports, our mortality for major hepatic resections is considerably low. This is probably due to faster resection and achievement of hemostasis by our clamping techniques. We conclude that it is quite logical to perform resection as the first line of treatment in major hepatic trauma. PMID- 7304815 TI - Hepaticoduodenostomy at the hepatic hilum after excision of choledochal cyst. AB - During the past 11 years, 30 patients, aged 27 days to 25 years, underwent excision of choledochal cyst. Reconstruction of the biliary tract was performed by two techniques: hepaticoduodenostomy in 19 patients and Roux-Y hepaticojejunostomy in 11. The technique of hepaticoduodenostomy consisted of transection of the common hepatic duct at the hilum with an incision extending approximately 5 mm along the lateral wall of both the hepatic ducts to permit a wide anastomotic stoma. There was no mortality. Postoperative cholangitis occurred in five patients, four of whom were in the hepaticoduodenostomy group. All episodes except one responded to antibiotics and have resulted in no demonstrable hepatic dysfunction. Intestinal bleeding occurred in one Roux-Y patient and postoperative intestinal obstruction in another. There was no significant difference in the results of these two procedures in the follow-up period (average length 4 years, 3 months). The hepaticoduodenostomy with a wide stoma at the hilum is advocated because (1) it has significant capability of preventing cholangitis, which has been thought to be the primary objection so far, (2) it creates a better physiologic state, and (3) it may be associated with fewer postoperative complications. PMID- 7304816 TI - Dopamine gangrene. Association with disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Multiple extremity gangrene developed in five patients as a complication of dopamine therapy. The clinical conditions were (1) penetrating chest trauma requiring pneumonectomy with postoperative sepsis, (2) cardiac arrest with aspiration pneumonia, (3) lymphoma with sepsis, (4) Klebsiella pneumonia, and (5) myocardial infarction. The development of acrocyanosis leading to gangrene occurred at dopamine dosages of 5.1 to 10.2 micrograms/kg/min. The alpha adrenergic vasoconstriction effects of dopamine would not be expected from the doses employed in these patients. Thus, other factors beside pure alpha vasoconstriction are responsible for tissue necrosis after the use of dopamine. We believe that the embolic complications of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hypovolemia are serious risk factors in the development of dopamine gangrene. Peripheral vasoconstriction from dopamine, even at low doses, may set the stage for thrombotic complications of disseminated intravascular coagulation and lead to tissue damage. In laboratory models of disseminated intravascular coagulation, an alpha-adrenergic drug is required to produce peripheral ischemic tissue damage. Treatment of tissue ischemia related to dopamine depends on early recognition of acrocyanosis. Phentolamine, an alpha blocker, has been recommended for treating dopamine ischemia, either through local instillation into ischemic tissues or intravenous infusion. We recommend a high index of suspicion for, and early treatment of, underlying consumptive coagulopathy in all patients requiring dopamine. PMID- 7304817 TI - Doppler evaluation of the pedal arch. AB - The association of a patent pedal arch with early distal bypass patency has recently been emphasized. Unfortunately, in many patients information about the pedal arch can only be obtained with intraoperative angiography. An 8 mHz Doppler probe was used to noninvasively evaluate the pedal arch in 62 patients with various degrees of vascular disease. The probe was placed in the first metatarsal space, and the presence of a Doppler signal was taken as evidence of a patent pedal arch. Digital pressure was then applied over each tibial artery at the malleolar level to determine each vessel's communication with the pedal arch. Fifty-two patients were found to have patent pedal arches, while 10 did not. Preoperative hyperemic angiography or intraoperative arteriography was used to study the pedal arch in 22 of these patients. The arteriographic and Doppler findings were the same in 21 of 22 cases (96 percent accuracy). In the one case in which the results conflicted, the Doppler examination also gave information about which calf vessel contributed the most flow to the pedal arch. Preoperative Doppler evaluation of the foot combined with arteriography allows better selection of patients for distal bypass grafts. PMID- 7304818 TI - Appendectomy in a large metropolitan hospital. Retrospective analysis of 1,013 cases. AB - The finding of a normal appendix on appendectomy should occur in no more than 15 percent of patients, and in half of these some other cause of the abdominal pain will probably be found, most often gynecologic in origin. In order to achieve this rate, surgeons will have to exercise more restraint, develop greater discrimination in evaluating abdominal findings and probably spend more time palpating abdomens. This must be done while maintaining the incidence of perforation at or below 15 percent. A needless operation to remove a normal appendix is not an innocuous procedure and cannot be rationalized as such, but against this must be weighed the risks of delayed surgery when the history, physical findings and laboratory data are unequivocal. Future statistical reviews will tell how well surgeons are applying their skills in the evaluation of the troublesome vermiform appendix, and if there are any differences in the Health Maintenance Organization setting compared with the fee-for-service hospital. PMID- 7304819 TI - Fatal outcome after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. AB - A review of all literature on jejunoileal bypass for obesity disclosed 282 deaths, corresponding to a mortality rate of 4.2 percent. This rate has been fairly constant through the last 8 years. The causes of death and the postoperative duration are quantified. Pulmonary embolism, mostly early, and liver disease, sometimes late, dominate among the numerous causes of death. Details are too scarcely reported to allow guidance to better results. PMID- 7304820 TI - Gangrenous bowel. Benin experience. AB - A retrospective study of 115 patients who presented to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital with intestinal gangrene over a 5 year period is presented. Although hernia is the most common cause of bowel gangrene, more patients with volvulus end up with gangrenous bowel. Because Nigerian patients present with late intestinal obstruction, more dead bowel would have been expected than is currently noted. Is it possible that the African is resistant to intestinal strangulation? PMID- 7304821 TI - Iliohypogastric nerve injury. AB - Awareness of the iliohypogastric nerve is important when a lower abdominal incision is used, as injury to the nerve may result in considerable postoperative pain and morbidity. PMID- 7304822 TI - A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. XII. Anorectal mobilization: a new surgical access to rectal lesions. Preliminary report. AB - A new technique for the removal of inaccessible benign intrarectal lesions and malignant lower third rectal tumors with sphincter preservation is presented. The procedure was performed in eight patients, four with huge bilharzial papillomas and four with malignant lower third rectal tumors. The essential feature of the operation is preservation of the levator tunnel, which is responsible for maintaining normal, voluntary continence and defecation. The results were satisfactory. The technique provides easy access to the interior of the rectum, and it extends the indications for sphincter-saving operations to include malignant lower third rectal tumors. It is hoped that this procedure will eliminate the use of abdominoperineal excision in the treatment of rectal cancer. PMID- 7304823 TI - Clinical response to cold insoluble globulin replacement in a patient with sepsis and thermal injury. AB - Cold insoluble globulin (fibronectin, alpha 2-surface binding glycoprotein) is a naturally occurring substance necessary for optimal stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. While this globulin depends on macrophages as the effector cells for its opsonic function, as is true of both antibody and complement, it is neither part of nor dependent on these systems for its opsonic activity. A relatively simple bioassay developed at the Medical College of Georgia substantiated that cold insoluble globulin is severely depleted in sepsis. Cryoprecipitate, properly processed and stored, is an exogenous source of cold insoluble globulin. Infused into septic patients 10 units thawed at 2 degrees C and reconstituted to 250 ml with saline solution can temporarily restore cold insoluble globulin levels and enhance activity of the reticuloendothelial system. Proper current use dictates measurement of cold insoluble globulin levels in the infusate as well as levels in the patient and the clinical response to infusion. Our bioassay and a septic patient's response to infusion of cold insoluble globulin are reported herein. PMID- 7304824 TI - [Effect of sociocultural factors on the expression of the so-called subjective syndrome in head injuries (apropos of a population of Maghrebins)]. PMID- 7304825 TI - [Effect of articular afferents on spasticity in the motor-handicapped child: neurophysiological exploration of an anesthetic block of the ankle joint]. PMID- 7304826 TI - [Effects of heel heightening on the postural control system]. PMID- 7304827 TI - Olfactory vertigo. A neurotological approach. PMID- 7304828 TI - Role of trace elements in pharmaceutical medication. PMID- 7304829 TI - [Auditory deficits observed in guinea pigs after exposure to rose noise at 95-97, 5-100 and 105 dB (A) over 4 weeks (auditory involvement and recuperation)]. PMID- 7304830 TI - Effect of endotoxin shock on catecholamines and corticosterone level in neonatally thymectomized rats. PMID- 7304832 TI - [Cerebral metabolic effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in neurosurgical patients on artificial respiration]. PMID- 7304831 TI - Acute and chronic stress interrelationship in rat: changes in Cu and Zn levels. PMID- 7304833 TI - [Hypophyseal thyrotropic activity and the triiodothyronine and thyroxine content in the blood in uterine myoma]. PMID- 7304834 TI - [Ovarian function in women having undergone a tonsillectomy]. PMID- 7304835 TI - [Physical and sexual development of girls born to women with uterine myoma]. PMID- 7304836 TI - [Effect of reflexotherapy on the restoration of autonomic endocrine function in menstrual cycle disorders]. PMID- 7304837 TI - [Reflexotherapy of the climacteric syndrome]. PMID- 7304838 TI - [Dermoid ovarian cysts]. PMID- 7304839 TI - [Emergency care in urinary system trauma in obstetrical and gynecologic practice]. PMID- 7304840 TI - [Experience with the use of liquid crystal thermography in the cryogenic treatment of uterine diseases]. PMID- 7304841 TI - [Diagnostic value of metrography and hysteroscopy in certain forms of intrauterine pathology]. PMID- 7304842 TI - [Possible ways of resolving the discussion aspects of the problem of the sclerocystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 7304843 TI - [Magnesium sulfate treatment of threatened late abortions and premature labor]. PMID- 7304844 TI - [Effect of psychological stress states in women with spontaneous abortions]. PMID- 7304845 TI - [Use of the atropine test as a supplement to the data from the functional oxytocin test]. PMID- 7304846 TI - [Induction of anesthesia in cesarean section using ketalar: a comparison study with thiopental]. PMID- 7304847 TI - [Vaginal delivery after prior monolayer isthmus-transverse intraperitoneal cesarean section]. PMID- 7304848 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants and anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the mothers]. PMID- 7304849 TI - [Fingerprints as a diagnostic criterion in children with congenital oligophrenia]. PMID- 7304850 TI - [Isolation of Mycoplasma from the genital tract of parturients and from the nose and throat of newborn infants]. PMID- 7304851 TI - [Hemodynamics of the pelvic organs in women with chronic salpingo-oophoritis resulting from ambulatory treatment using Varna Gulf mud]. PMID- 7304852 TI - [Surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence]. PMID- 7304853 TI - [Immunological studies of the vaginal secretion in women using contraceptive preparations]. PMID- 7304854 TI - [Aspermia due to congenital absence of the ductus deferens]. PMID- 7304856 TI - [Case of partial hydatid mole]. PMID- 7304855 TI - [Complication following the vaginal use of potassium permanganate for an abortion]. PMID- 7304857 TI - Sibling groups. Interaction with siblings of oncology patients. AB - Siblings of pediatric oncology patients in active therapy met as a group for 5 consecutive weeks with two oncology team members. The parents met simultaneously in another location in the hospital. The goals were to provide (1) a support group for the siblings, (2) information regarding the various treatment regimens, and (3) specific knowledge regarding the particular stresses of specific therapy programs. The following problem areas were identified: (1) reiteration of resentment toward the patient due to the amount of attention focused on them by family and friends, (2) embarrassment in talking about the patient's illness, and (3) the relationship between the parent's willingness to discuss the patient's illness at home and the sibling's comprehension of the illness. PMID- 7304858 TI - Orthopedic and rehabilitation aspects of eosinophilic granuloma. AB - Eosinophilic granuloma in children occurs in descending frequency in the skull, femur, ribs, pelvis, and spine. The varying degrees of radiographic diagnostic certainty indicate that biopsy is frequently required for diagnosis. The orthopedist should extend his involvement in such patients from the biopsy to prevention of deformity during the subsequent treatment and healing of the lesion. PMID- 7304859 TI - Serum alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels in children with sickle cell disease. AB - Serum alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH) levels were determined in 28 children with homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) during the steady state, crisis, and postcrisis periods. Serum alpha-HBDH levels were also studied in 20 patients with infection. In patients during the steady state, serum alpha-HBDH levels were significantly above control values. During the vaso-occlusive crisis there was a significant further increase in the alpha-HBDH levels. In patients with infection, however, there was no significant increase in serum alpha-HBDH levels. These findings clearly indicate that the level of serum alpha-HBDH in patients with SCD permits differentiation between vaso-occlusive crises, infection, and spurious symptoms. PMID- 7304860 TI - Hodgkin's disease complicated by nephrotic syndrome. New clinical observations on the response of both diseases to radiotherapy to the neck. AB - The clinical course of a 14-year-old boy who developed biopsy-proven minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) prior to institution of therapy for Hodgkin's disease (HD), mixed cellularity histologic subtype, is presented. In the first week of radiotherapy to the major site of disease in the neck, BUN and creatinine levels rose to 98 mg% and 8.4 mg%, respectively. During the second week of treatment, levels gradually decreased becoming normal in the third week. Body weight gradually decreased in the second week of radiotherapy, falling rapidly in the third and fourth week when diuresis was greatest. Although urine protein concentration fell initially, the concentration remained 1 + or more for 10 weeks following radiotherapy. Following radiotherapy to the neck, staging laparotomy demonstrated a single focus of Hodgkin's disease in the spleen. Radiotherapy was given to the splenic pedicle: six courses of multiagent chemotherapy (MOPP) followed. The boy remains free of any evidence of either HD or MCNS 33 + months from the time of the diagnosis. Circulating lymphocytes showed normal responses to stimulation by phytohemaglutinin, Concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogens. The patient's monocyte-macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was low both prior to and following radiotherapy. Lymphocyte-mediated ADCC was normal at both of these times. PMID- 7304861 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of coagulopathy in the newborn. AB - Appropriate management of the bleeding newborn is easily accomplished by first assessing the clinical circumstances under which the bleeding occurs. Having determined the clinical circumstances, knowledge of the pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation, liver failure, vitamin K deficiency, and hemophilia coupled with knowledge of the normal levels of coagulation factor activities at birth leads to selection of appropriate laboratory tests to confirm the etiology of the bleeding. Once the etiology is confirmed, treatment requires management of associated clinical conditions and replacement of vitamin K and/or deficient coagulation factors. PMID- 7304862 TI - Red cell transfusion in the newborn. Indications and unique blood banking needs. AB - The nursery presents unique problems for the physician caring for ill newborn infants. The indications for transfusion and the blood banking techniques to provide for these needs have changed significantly in recent years. The decision to transfuse must be based on an understanding of what is known to normally occur with respect to the postnatal decline in hemoglobin and the adaptive mechanisms which exist at this age. Exchange transfusion by increasing oxygen availability at any hemoglobin level may result in a greater than expected decline in hemoglobin. Several blood banking procedures have been developed to provide for the transfusion requirements of the neonate. The walking donor system remains controversial and has created opposition by the American Association of Blood Banks. The use of triple, quadruple, and "cow' pack systems has allowed a greater versatility and better utilization. The concept of frozen red cell transfusions has been extended to the nursery setting with the introduction of "pedi-paks.' These techniques have clearly diminished the risks of transfusion in the neonatal period. PMID- 7304863 TI - [Non-mechanical arteriovenous haemofiltration to reduce fluid retention in patients with postoperative or posttraumatic acute renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304864 TI - [Epidural application of opiates in chronic pain due to malignoma (author's transl)]. AB - In 75 patients epidural opiates were applied for relief of chronic cancer pain. In order to avoid local infection during long-term therapy part of the catheter was placed subcutaneously. Different opiates were used separately or in combination with local anaesthetics to define the degree and duration of pain relief after epidural opiate application. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, changes in lower extremity blood supply and other side-effects were recorded during epidural pain therapy. Epidural opiate application cause a long lasting reduction of pain, which may become restricted during long-term or repeated use, especially after a period of systemic opiate therapy. Side-effects, for example slight respiratory depression in the first hour after injection, indicate an initial phase of resorption beeing followed by a long-lasting reduction of pain without attendant symptoms. Keeping in mind certain precautions epidural opiate therapy is superior to systemic opiate application. PMID- 7304865 TI - [The influence of heparin and dilution of the results of blood gas analyses (author's transl)]. AB - The results of blood gas analyses are affected by the type and length of storage of the sample and by differences in dilution and heparin concentration. Experiments established that keeping the specimen in iced water for one hour had no effect. Increasing the heparin concentration affected the results less than did dilution of the sample despite the acidity of the solution. If, on the other hand, heparin in powder form was employed (Monovette) the results were influenced by the absence of dilution of the sample and by the different type of heparin used. This particularly affected the acid-base balance and has to be taken into account when evaluating the results. The use of heparin Monovette simplifies the technique of taking blood samples as there is no need to fill the dead space and it provides reproducible results as the problem of differences in dilution does not arise. PMID- 7304866 TI - [Documentation of central venous catheterization using a computer laboratory system (author's transl)]. AB - Full documentation of every case of central venous catheterization is a prerequisite for reducing the incidence of failures and complications. A laboratory computer program already in use was modified for this purpose: the start of the operation is put in in "real time", abandoned or failed procedures or incomplete data are detected, and can be queried on the day of patient is discharged from hospital. Adverse effects are shown up at an early stage by the quarterly print-out. The program involves less work than a conventional system without computer. The experiences gained with this modified system in the course of one year (including the run-in period) are reviewed. PMID- 7304867 TI - [Caval catheter report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304868 TI - [Radial artery cannulation -- a prospective study on its complication rate by clinical and sonographic evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304869 TI - [Perforation of the cardiac wall during central venous catheterization - muscular defects as a contributing factor (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of perforation of the cardiac wall during central venous catheterization are reported. One patient, a women, died 6 weeks after perforation of the anterior wall of the right ventricle; the other, also a woman, died immediately following perforation of the posterior wall of the right atrium by a polyethylene catheter. Both cases prove that even a seemingly correct technique and the use of soft catheters cannot entirely exclude the possibility of perforation. Relative weakness of the cardiac muscle due to lipomatosis could have been a pre-disposing factor in one case, and thinning of the atrial wall between the pectinate muscles in the other case. There is also the possibility that the spaces between the trabeculae carneae act as a trap for the catheter. Radiological control of the placement of the catheter should also be performed in those cases where the catheter had to be withdrawn because of malposition in order to make sure of its correct extracardial location. PMID- 7304870 TI - [On the diagnosis of catheter fragment embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304871 TI - [Central venous catheterization via the internal jugular vein (Rao's method) (author's transl)]. AB - Central venous catheterization via the internal jugular vein was performed in 208 patients. The clavicle-orientated approach, as described by Rao in 1977, was employed. Apart from a higher incidence of failures, arterial punctures and misplacement of the catheter, as compared with other techniques, there were also 3 cases of pneumothorax (1.4 per cent) which were attributable to the proximity of the puncture site to the pleura. In 3 patients with considerable hypovolaemia venipuncture was successful at the first attempt. In view of these observations the technique cannot be regarded as suitable for routine purposes. PMID- 7304872 TI - [Two cases of ischemic cerebral damage associated with catheterization of the internal jugular vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304873 TI - [Traumatic right bundle branch block (author's transl)]. AB - Myocardial contusion is a common, but often undiagnosed complication of a blunt chest trauma and is frequently accompanied by cardiac arrhythmias. Right bundle branch block is an arrhythmia that generally subsides spontaneously. The case of an adult patient is reported who sustained multiple facial fractures in a car accident. The admission ECG showed right bundle branch block without any haemodynamic effects. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. After 20 hours the right bundle branch block disappeared spontaneously and one month later, after two facial plastic operations, the patient could be discharged. Some of the clinical features and complications of myocardial contusion and diagnostic methods for its detection are reviewed. PMID- 7304874 TI - [Clinical monitoring of colloid osmotic pressure; a comparison of the performance of two oncometers]. AB - The increasing importance of repeated measurements of colloid osmotic pressure, particularly in intensive care units and and anaesthesiology, is briefly outlined. The results of comparative measurements with two commercially available oncometers (Knauer Membran-Osmometer No. 1 and IL-186 Weil Oncometer No.2) are reviewed. In-vitro testing of the two apparatus with a 6.7 per cent albumin solution produced practically identical results. Measurements in the sera of patients after haemodilution differed slightly, the values being lower with No.2. Although this oncometer is faster and easier to operate certain draw-backs (related to calibration etc.) at present preclude its routine use by the untrained clinician. PMID- 7304875 TI - [The "artificial pancreas" in surgical intensive-care medicine -- a computerized infusion pump system for glucose and insulin with a continuously measuring glucose sensor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304877 TI - [Reconstruction of the external ear canal with a graft from the iliac crest]. PMID- 7304876 TI - [Leprosy of the nose]. PMID- 7304878 TI - [The anterior region of the tympanic cavity and the supratubal fossa]. PMID- 7304879 TI - [Frontolateral reconstructive laryngectomy. Personal technique]. PMID- 7304880 TI - A survey of anaesthetic misadventures. AB - Reports of anaesthetic misadventures were regularly collected in the Anaesthetic Department of a district general hospital, to identify recurring problems. Eighty one misadventures, none of which had serious outcome, were reported during a 6 month period, in which 8312 anaesthetics were administered. Human error was more frequently responsible than equipment failure, and failure to perform a normal check was the factor most frequently associated. Local hazard warnings were circulated when necessary to members of the Department, and the reports formed the basis of departmental discussion and teaching. PMID- 7304881 TI - Test of delayed memory recall suitable for assessing postoperative amnesia. PMID- 7304882 TI - Paraplegia following epidural analgesia. PMID- 7304883 TI - Temporary blindness following anaesthesia after translumbar aortography. PMID- 7304884 TI - Congenital complete heart block. General anaesthesia for appendicectomy in an adolescent. PMID- 7304885 TI - Fixed performance oxygen masks. Hypoxic hazard of low-capacity drugs. AB - Four recently introduced low-capacity fixed performance oxygen therapy masks have been compared with the established Ventimask design. Under conditions of varying peak inspiratory flow rate the low-capacity devices all permit a variable amount of air admixture with a consequent fall in the inspired oxygen concentration. It is concluded that low-capacity venturi masks are not true fixed performance devices under all circumstances. The Ventimasks satisfy their specifications under all test conditions. A case is made for more rigorous assessment of new so called "fixed performance" oxygen therapy devices before marketing is permitted. PMID- 7304886 TI - Epidural fentanyl in labour. PMID- 7304887 TI - Digital regional analgesia. PMID- 7304888 TI - Supernumerary senior house offices in anaesthesia: a review of a regional training scheme, 1962-1972. AB - The Sheffield Regional Hospital Board, which became the Trent Regional Health Authority in 1974, initiated a scheme for training of Senior House Officers in anaesthesia in 1962; between 1962 and 1972, 73 graduates passed through the scheme of whom 29 (40%)* held consultant posts at the time of the review (mid 1979), another 8 (11%)* were senior registrars and on the way to consultant status. None of the 16 overseas graduates had achieved consultant status although one was a senior registrar. Twenty-six (35-6%)* of the 73 doctors (15(20-5%)* United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland graduates and 11 (15-1%)* from overseas) are thought to have left the practice of anaesthesia although some of these were not traced and may indeed be practising, and some of the females have indicated an intention to return to the specialty when their children are older. PMID- 7304889 TI - Evaluation of midazolam as an intravenous induction agent. AB - Midazolam, a new water-soluble benzodiazepine, was investigated as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in 260 adult patients in doses ranging from 0.15 to 0.5 mg/kg using a variety of premedications. Its onset of action was generally slow, taking up to 3 minutes to exert its maximum effect. A wide variability in response was found in that some unpremedicated patients were satisfactorily anaesthetised with 0.15 mg/kg while other were only moderately sedated following doses of 0.5 mg/kg. Less variability was found in the elderly who also required smaller doses. Narcotic premedication potentiated the sedative effect of midazolam. Few respiratory or cardiovascular effects were noted apart from hiccough following the larger doses. The incidence of venous sequelae was much lower than that found following diazepam. PMID- 7304890 TI - Ketamine-diazepam anaesthesia in a patient with carcinoid syndrome. AB - The use of ketamine in patients with carcinoid syndrome is controversial because of the catecholamine response to this agent. Prior administration of diazepam modifies the catecholamine response to ketamine and may make its use in such patients safe. The successful use of a diazepam-ketamine technique for anaesthesia of a patient with malignant carcinoid syndrome and associated tricuspid valve disease who underwent laparotomy and hepatic artery ligation is described. The theoretical advantages of safe ketamine anaesthesia in carcinoid patients are discussed and the relevant literature reviewed. To the authors' knowledge the successful use of ketamine anaesthesia in carcinoid syndrome has not previously been reported. PMID- 7304891 TI - A combined oropharyngeal airway and dental pack. PMID- 7304892 TI - A pharyngeal pack fixed on to the tracheal tube. AB - In 205 patients undergoing surgery of the nose, throat of dental surgery, a gauze pack was used fixed into the tracheal tube, remaining during surgery above the vocal cords. Advantages in adults as well as children are discussed: laryngoscopy has to be performed only once, a free operating field is secured for the surgeon in that throat, the tube cannot be inserted too far into the trachea and the pack cannot be forgotten in the pharynx. The only disadvantage noticed so far was that in about 10% of the patients intubation was somewhat more difficult for the less experience anaesthetist. PMID- 7304893 TI - The para-carotid approach for internal jugular catheterization. AB - We have developed a para-carotid approach for internal jugular cannulation which utilizes only the carotid artery as a landmark. This technique allows us to locate-the puncture site regardless of an individual patient's physical, skeletal or postural variations. This study was undertaken in the period from January 1979 to June 1980 on 456 consecutive patients in wide range of age groups and various clinical conditions. The overall success rate was 96.1%. The only complications encountered during our study were five carotid artery punctures with formation of two haematomas. PMID- 7304894 TI - High dose buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia. AB - Buprenorphine was given intravenously to produce analgesia in the immediate postoperative period, the dose being titrated against the response of each patient in order to obtain complete freedom from pain. In 50 patients following lower segment Caesarean section under general anaesthesia, buprenorphine in the dose range 0.4-7.0 mg was found to be a potent, long lasting and safe analgesic. Serial blood gas estimations performed on ten of the patients confirmed the clinically observed lack of respiratory depression. PMID- 7304895 TI - Deaths associated with anaesthesia in obstetrics. PMID- 7304896 TI - Rupture of the oesophagus following cricoid pressure. PMID- 7304897 TI - The use of regional analgesic techniques. PMID- 7304898 TI - Subarachnoid analgesia for Caesarean section. PMID- 7304899 TI - Possible dangers of the use of cimetidine in obstetric anaesthesia. PMID- 7304900 TI - [Differential peridural analgesia for vaginal delivery. A randomised study of its influence on the progress and mode of delivery (author's transl)]. AB - This randomised study of 611 deliveries deals with the side effects of a modified extradural analgesic technique. The modification is based on a flexible reduction of local anaesthetic concentration (bupivacaine) which allows a reliable analgesia without a marked loss of labour sensation and bearing down reflex. Randomisation was achieved by offering this analgesia to the parturients in an alternating 24 hours rhythm. Statistical comparisons were carried out for the following groups of deliveries: 1. for deliveries on both of the two alternating days (Group A). 2. for deliveries with and without extradural analgesia of the peridural days (Group B). - 3. for all deliveries with and without extradural analgesia (Group C). - 4. For deliveries without extradural analgesia on "peridural days" and on "alternating days" (Group D). - The main subjects of investigation were the duration of the two stages of delivery, the dynamics of both the cervical dilation and the movement of the fetal head and the frequency, modes and causes of operative and instrumental deliveries. The safety of the analgesic technique was investigated by evaluating its influence on the status of the newborn and on the maternal regulation of body temperature and circulation. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the group of parturients who had chosen extradural analgesia several antenatal factors accumulated which evidently had a greater influence on the course of delivery than the analgesic technique itself. - 2. The low concentration of local anaesthetic adapted to the labour pain produced a sufficient analgesia in almost every case. - 3. The duration of both stages of delivery was not altered directly by this technique. An average increase of the duration of the second stage by 116 minutes was due to postponed indications of instrumental and operative deliveries by analgesia. - 4. There was no influence on the overall frequency of operative and instrumental deliveries. Extradural analgesia, however, significantly reduced the frequency of caesarean sections to the same extent as it increased instrumental deliveries from the bottom of the pelvis. - 5. The extradural analgesia had no influence on the status of the newborn. - 6. The regulatory mechanisms of circulation and body temperature were not altered by this dosage of extradural analgesia. PMID- 7304901 TI - [Sympathetic activity and blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery under electrostimulation anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, blood pressure and heart rate were determined in 10 normotensive and 10 hypertensive patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery under electrostimulation anaesthesia. Venous blood samples for the determination of the catecholamines by a spectrofluorometric method were taken 30 min after premedication and 45 min after surgical incision. The catecholamine concentrations showed no significant differences neither by comparing the normotensive patients with the hypertensive patients nor by comparing the values during operation with them after premedication in each group. However, in the hypertensive patients blood pressure showed a higher increase during operation than in the normotensive patients. PMID- 7304902 TI - Diazepam dosage and timing in ketamine combination anaesthesia. A double-blind study. AB - A form of combination anaesthesia using ketamine, diazepam, alcuronium and nitrous oxide was used in 41 patients over 65 years requiring abdominal surgery. The patients were premedicated with droperidol 2.5-7.5 mg im. At induction the patients received diazepam 5 mg. ketamine 2 mg/kg and alcuronium 0.2 mg/kg. Anaesthesia was maintained with a continuous, steady injection of ketamine 2.5 mg/kg/h and nitrous oxide-oxygen with controlled ventilation. Four minutes before incision the patients received 1 ml of coded solution and at the end of anaesthesia the same solution, which contained either 5 mg/ml diazepam or its solvent only. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, i.e. patients receiving either 15 or 5 mg of diazepam. The incidence of bad dreams was 5 per cent, i.e. one patient in each group. Only one patient vomited and one had pronounced nausea in group D5. According to the anaesthesiologist's, the anaesthesia nurse's and the patient's subjective evaluations this type of combination anaesthesia was found to be highly acceptable. Despite there being no statistically significant differences between the patients who received 5 + 5 + 5 mg of diazepam compared to those receiving 5 + 0 + 0 mg, the figures in results per se incline in favour of the use of 5 + 5 + 5 of diazepam. PMID- 7304903 TI - Interactions between chloramphenicol and intravenous anesthetics. AB - Chloramphenicol has been reported to prolong the action of barbiturate hypnotics by an inhibition of liver mixed function oxidases. We have studied the importance of this interaction for shortacting intravenous anesthetics the effect of which is terminated by distribution rather than metabolic inactivation. Mice were pretreated orally with 50 mg/kg chloramphenicol as the sodium succinate 1 h before the iv. injection of the anesthetics, and the sleeping times were compared to those of untreated controls. The duration of action of methohexital was prolonged when doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg were injected, but not with the lowest dose of 10 mg/kg. After injection of thiopental (30, 40 and 50 mg/kg) only the medium dose was prolonged the effect of etomidate (3 and 5 mg/kg), but not that of propanidid (60 mg/kg) or ketamine (30 and 40 mg/kg). The results show that the experimental finding of an interaction between chloramphenicol and barbiturates cannot be generalized: It will not play a major role with usual clinical induction doses the effect of which is terminated by distribution, but may be of importance when higher doses are administered. PMID- 7304904 TI - [Epidural morphine analgesia (PMA). III. Cancer pain (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of PMA in pain therapy was investigated over a period of one year on 52 patients suffering from terminal cancer. These patients, 22 being outpatients, received a total number of 85 peridural catheters. 75 of these catheters were evaluated according to morphine dosage and effect. The onset of PMA resulted in a drastic reduction in the need for high dose systemically applied analgesics. PMA was also successfully applied in cases with rapidly spreading metastases. Our catheters have remained in place up to 170 days. Side effects were rarely observed. Tachyphylaxis did not develop and almost all patients were satisfied with the therapy. Due to special care of the catheter we observed only 7 cases of infected puncture sites. Our clinical studies have proven that peridural morphine analgesia can be successfully applied as pain therapy in patients suffering from terminal cancer. PMID- 7304905 TI - [Changes in the pump function of the right ventricle during "pressure autotransfusion" with citrate and heparin (author's transl)]. AB - Nine anaesthetized, splenectomized dogs, heparinized with 300 IU/kg bodyweight heparin i.v. had one tenth of their total blood volume returned to them by autotransfusion under maximum pressure with the Bentley-system. For the "Heparin" autotransfusion (n = 49) 1:5 0,9% NaCl was added to the blood; whilst for the "Citrate"-autotransfusion 1:5 ACD-B(n = 28) or CPD (n = 30) stabilisor was added. Autotransfusion was performed as follows: Heparin-ACD-B- Heparin-DPD- Heparin-ACD B etc. The pump function of the right ventricular myocardium was measured by the force of contraction (PRV, IP, SV, T1) as well as by criteria of contractility (dp/dtmax, VCEmax, KI1, KI2). Immediately after acute bleeding a reduction of the force of contraction to 50% was seen, but the contractility remained unchanged. During the maximum pressure autotransfusion of the blood the force of contraction consistently increased irrespective of the anticoagulant used. The contractility remained unchanged. In the following phase the force of contraction and the contractility normalised when heparin was employed, whilst when citrate was used there was a reduction of the force of contraction and of the contractility corresponding with the different dose of citrate of ACD-B and CPD. This short phase was followed by spontaneous stabilisation of the circulation. The force of contraction and the contractility returned to normal when heparin and ACD-B were employed, whilst a reduction of these criteria occurred when CPD was used. From these findings, the scheme of anticoagulation for citrate under clinical conditions should be modified by a prior injection of 2,000-3,000 IE of heparin i.v. and the addition of citrate in the ratio of 1:7 for ACD-B or 1:8 for CPD. PMID- 7304906 TI - [Treatment of pain by means of epidural morphine injections (author's transl)]. AB - CASE REPORT: male patient, 14 years old, with severe pain was treated with high doses of morphine via epidural-catheterization of long duration. To keep a constant morphine-level the daily dose was given by means of a perfusor. This method did not show any side effects. PMID- 7304907 TI - [Rare complications following tracheotomy and intubation (author's transl)]. AB - Report on two cases: Case 1: A young male was tracheotomized because of respiratory insufficiency due to a thoraco-abdominal trauma. The injuries were fatal 8 hours following tracheotomy. Autopsy revealed a tube like formation located in the upper trachea, consisting of coagulated blood. The peculiar shape was caused by a splinting effect of the tracheal cannula. A trickling tracheostomal hemorrhage was found to be the causal factor. --Case 2: After long term tracheotomy due to a laryngeal trauma a tracheostomal intubation was performed in a young male for the purpose of a surgical revision of the laryngeal injuries. Two days later sudden death occurred. Autopsy revealed a tube like formation in the upper trachea, consisting of fibrin and desquamated necrotic tracheal epithelium, which had occluded the cannula in a valve like manner. The originating mechanism of this pathological state is demonstrated. The significance of preexisting chronic tracheitis and the use of a tube with a rather rigid cuff (nylon spiral tube) as additional promoting factors are discussed. PMID- 7304908 TI - [Blind nasal intubation in a newborn child with Pierre-Robin syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304909 TI - [A new adaptor for endotracheal tubes to permit suction without interrupting artificial ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - A new side-hole adapter (C/D SUCTION ADAPTER, Novametrix Medical System) enables tracheobronchial suctioning during uninterrupted mechanical ventilation. Compared to conventional end-hole suctioning techniques a significantly smaller drop of arterial pO2 during suctioning procedures was found. Additional advantages e.g. reduced formation of microatelectasis, improved expulsion of bronchial secretion and lower risk of tracheal mucosa lesions by the catheter tip are discussed. PMID- 7304910 TI - Effect of epidural administration of bupivacaine (Marcaine) on monosynaptic reflex-depression. AB - The L5 and S1-segments of the spinal cord and relatively resistant to blockade. The extent and depth of the block are usually tested by pinprick. H-reflex depression (Hoffmann 1922, Magladery and McDougal 1950) was used to quantify differences between the 0.5%-solution and the 0.75%-solution of bupivacaine used for epidural anaesthesia. The H-reflex is a monosynaptic reflex representing the excitability of the motorneuron pool of the L5-S1 region of the spinal cord. Our results show a difference between the two concentrations favouring the 0.75% solution. The H-reflex is also a component in the complexity of control and servocircuits that play a role in the well-functioning of the spinal cord. Consequently we used its full recovery to rule out lasting toxic or irritating effects on the spinal cord. Bupivacaine 0.75% is not available in Europe whereas in the USA there is already wide experience in using this concentration. A comparison between 0.75% and 0.5% solutions reveals two important advantages in favour of the 0.75% solution: A higher intensity of motorblock [4, 15]. A lower incidence of incomplete blockade of the most resistant segments (L5-S1) [7, 8]. PMID- 7304911 TI - Mixture of bupivacaine 0.5% and hyperbaric mepivacaine 4% for spinal anaesthesia. AB - Recent research shows that using more than 12.5 mg bubivacaine for spinal block may possibly be harmful. A dose of 12.5 mg isobaric bupivacain does not always establish a spinal anaesthesia sufficient for hip or lower abdominal surgery. However short acting local anaesthetics of sufficient effectiveness usually do not last long enough for those operations. We evaluated a method using the subarachnoid injection of 2 to 3 (4) ml of an equal parts mixture of isobaric bupivacain 0.5% and hyperbaric mepivacaine 4%. We generally achieved good spinal anaesthesia with quick onset and long duration of action making longer operations such as total hip endoprothesis possible. The duration of action was longer (130 min) than that of plain mepivacaine (90 min) and shorter than that of plain bupivacain. PMID- 7304912 TI - [The clinical application of the "locus of resistance" method for axillary plexus block (author's transl)]. AB - We describe a new method of axillary brachial plexus block, the principle of which is to verify the position of the needle in the perivascular tissue not by paraesthesia but by the "loss of resistance" measured when penetrating the perivascular sheath. This method has been developed from the well known "loss of resistance" technique used in epidural anaesthesia and has been tested in practice as well as in theory. This technique not only guarantees greater accuracy in locating the perivascular tissue, but also opens the possibility of decreasing the incidence of lesions of nerves and vessels. PMID- 7304913 TI - [Plethysmographic study on sympathetic block in peridural anaesthesia and peridural morphine analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - Plethysmographic measurements were performed in 10 patients after peridural anaesthesia and peridural morphine analgesia. The arterial blood flow was increased after peridural anaesthesia. No increased venous pooling followed. After peridural morphine analgesia there are no changes of arterial blood flow and venous capacity. The peridural morphine analgesia represents no haemodynamic risk, because there is no sympathetic block PMID- 7304914 TI - A unifying model for the ionic composition of steady-state electrophoresis systems. PMID- 7304915 TI - In vitro penicillin aminolysis: application to a radioimmunoassay of trace amounts of penicillin. PMID- 7304916 TI - Separation of neutral oligosaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7304917 TI - Influence of the composition of commercial sodium dodecyl sulfate preparations on the separation of alpha- and beta-tubulin during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7304918 TI - Calcium measurement: picomole quantitation by continuous-flow colorimetry. PMID- 7304919 TI - A gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of hexuronic acids in alginic acid. PMID- 7304920 TI - Easy-to-use equipment for the accurate microinjection of nanoliter volumes into the nuclei of amphibian oocytes. PMID- 7304921 TI - The separation and amino acid analysis of collagen crosslinks on an extended basic ion-exchange column. PMID- 7304922 TI - Improved retention of heme with increased resolution of microsomal proteins in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7304923 TI - Analysis of dual transport systems by means of Hill plots. PMID- 7304924 TI - Separation of poly(ADP-ribosylated) nuclear proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at acidic pH and low temperature. PMID- 7304925 TI - Electrophoresis in density gradients of metrizamide. PMID- 7304926 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of the plastid pigments and some of their immediate derivatives. PMID- 7304927 TI - Determination of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in human urine by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 7304928 TI - Comparison of crosslinked and natural polypeptides as standards for molecular weight determination of large polypeptides (guinea pig thyroglobulin) by SDS-gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7304929 TI - Analysis of biological thiols: derivatization with monobromobimane and separation by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7304930 TI - Assay of gamma-carboxyglutamate in tissue and body fluid by selective hydrolysis and amino acid analysis. PMID- 7304931 TI - Choice of buffer anion for the assay of adenosine 5'-triphosphate using firefly luciferase. PMID- 7304932 TI - Time-dependent total extinction analysis for simple reactions involving intermediates. PMID- 7304933 TI - Measurement of transmembrane pH gradients in human erythrocytes using 19F NMR. PMID- 7304934 TI - A highly sensitive colorimetric method for the determination of carbodiimides. PMID- 7304935 TI - A simple, rapid assay for cysteamine and other thiols. PMID- 7304936 TI - The identity and properties of firefly luciferase inhibitors in urine. PMID- 7304937 TI - A continuous-flow system for the measurement of (Ca2+) ion activities in the fast kinetic mode. PMID- 7304938 TI - Significance of use of amino acids and histamine for the elution of nonhistone proteins in copper-chelate chromatography. PMID- 7304939 TI - A simple procedure for the separation of insoluble collagen and elastin. PMID- 7304940 TI - Dansylation of amino acids for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. PMID- 7304941 TI - Determination of three different pools of reduced one-carbon-substituted folates. II. Quantitation and chain-length determination of the pteroylpolyglutamates of rat liver. PMID- 7304942 TI - An analytical and preparative method for peptide separation by high-performance liquid chromatography on a macroreticular anion-exchange resin. PMID- 7304944 TI - Improvements in the determination of antifreeze protein activity using a freezing point osmometer. PMID- 7304943 TI - An ultraviolet spectrophotometric assay for alpha-naphthyl acetate and alpha naphthyl butyrate esterases. PMID- 7304945 TI - Use of lectins for detection of electrophoretically separated glycoproteins transferred onto nitrocellulose sheets. PMID- 7304946 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, dehydroerythorbic acid, diketogulonic acid, and diketogluconic acid. PMID- 7304947 TI - The use of agarose gel electrophoresis to measure the size of DNA molecules in crude cell lysates. PMID- 7304948 TI - A microfluorometric method for alkaline phosphatase: application to the various segments of the nephron. PMID- 7304949 TI - Electrophoretic method for the determination of molecular forms of trypsin inhibitors of potato tubers. PMID- 7304950 TI - Vidicon flame emission spectroscopy of Li+, Na+, and K+ fluxes mediated by acetylcholine receptor in Electrophorus electricus membrane vesicles. PMID- 7304951 TI - A single-beam microspectrophotometer suitable for investigating the linear dichroism of DNA-drug fibers. PMID- 7304952 TI - Preparation of barley storage protein, hordein, for analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7304953 TI - A new method of sample application for horizontal slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7304954 TI - A new fluorometric assay for spermidine synthase. PMID- 7304955 TI - Selective removal of histone H1 from chromatin at low salt concentration. PMID- 7304956 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography separation of some NAD+ derivatives suitable for covalent binding. PMID- 7304957 TI - A simple micromethod for determining human serum cortisol by high-pressure liquid chromatography using 0.1 ml serum. PMID- 7304958 TI - Application of selected ion monitoring technique for quantitative determination of picomole levels of pyrrolidine in the brain. PMID- 7304959 TI - Separation of icosenoic acids, monohydroxyicosenoic acids, and prostaglandins by high-pressure liquid chromatography on a silver ion-loaded cation-exchange column. PMID- 7304960 TI - A fluorimetric method for the estimation of the critical micelle concentration of surfactants. PMID- 7304961 TI - Preparation and characterization of a biologically active gastrin derivative modified with an 125I-labeled imidoester. PMID- 7304962 TI - Separation of long-chain fatty acid esters of retinol by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7304963 TI - Solubilization of the atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: a new detergent system and rapid assays. PMID- 7304964 TI - Quantitative affinity chromatography of adenosine deaminase on polymer-bound inosine: the assessment of binding constants by biospecific elution. PMID- 7304965 TI - The cluster-tray method for rapid measurement of solute fluxes in adherent cultured cells. PMID- 7304966 TI - Isolation of hepatic microsomes by polyethylene glycol 6000 fractionation of the postmitochondrial fraction. PMID- 7304967 TI - Statistical methods to distinguish competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive enzyme inhibitors. PMID- 7304968 TI - Differential gas-liquid chromatography method for determination of uronic acids in carbohydrate mixtures. PMID- 7304969 TI - Purification by affinity chromatography of glutathione S-transferases A and C from rat liver cytosol. PMID- 7304970 TI - Radioimmunoassays of plasma thymidine, uridine, deoxyuridine, and cytidine/deoxycytidine. PMID- 7304971 TI - Improvements of DNA sequencing gels. PMID- 7304972 TI - Derivatization of epoxy-activated agarose with various carbohydrates for the preparation of stable and high-capacity affinity adsorbents: their use for affinity chromatography of carbohydrate-binding proteins. PMID- 7304973 TI - Immobilized beta-glucuronidase as an on-line precolumn modification reagent for high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7304974 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis from sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gels after fixation and staining and without nonionic detergent intermediate layers. PMID- 7304975 TI - Luminol assay for superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7304976 TI - Modification of a vibrating-tube density meter for precise temperature scanning. PMID- 7304977 TI - Protein-load effects on the pH gradient of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 7304978 TI - A membrane-covered photobacterium probe for oxygen measurements in the nanomolar range. PMID- 7304979 TI - Cyanate from alkaline hydrolysis of cyanogen bromide-activated polysaccharides. PMID- 7304980 TI - Standardization of immunoassays for the quantitation of plasma Apo B protein. PMID- 7304981 TI - Assay of plasma catecholamines by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7304982 TI - A method for resolution of general acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase apoprotein. PMID- 7304983 TI - A facile assay for 2-hydroxylation of estradiol by liver microsomes. PMID- 7304984 TI - Uricase immobilized onto nylon tube for use in automated analysis of serum urate. PMID- 7304985 TI - New methods of isolating been venom peptides. PMID- 7304986 TI - Minimization of variation in the response to different proteins of the Coomassie blue G dye-binding assay for protein. PMID- 7304987 TI - Quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of disaturated lecithins in blood plasma. PMID- 7304988 TI - Development and evaluation of selected assays for drugs metabolites in biological materials. PMID- 7304989 TI - Monitoring exposure to toxic gases in workplaces atmospheres. PMID- 7304990 TI - Aspects of the analysis of drugs and drug metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7304991 TI - Determination of gold in tissue and faeces by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry using carbon rod atomisation. PMID- 7304992 TI - Determination of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide in foodstuffs using high performance liquid chromatography and a column-enrichment technique. PMID- 7304993 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chloropromazine and thioridazine hydrochlorides in pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 7304994 TI - Scanning electron microscopic observations on the interaction between normal neuronal and tumour cells in monolayer culture. AB - Interaction of embryonic chick cerebral cells with the astrocytoma (C6) and neuroblastoma (N2a) cells were examined by SEM. When astrocytoma cells were added to the glial monolayer cell substratum the glial substratum was loosened and astrocytoma cells grew into the gaps of the loosened glial substratum. It is believed that the penetrating property of the astrocytoma cells may be related to the invasiveness of the tumour cells. When neuroblastoma (N2a) cells were added to normal glial substratum, no invasion of the glial substratum was observed. Instead, for the first 2 days the tumour cells rested on the glial substratum and sent out numerous fine filopodia (0.1-0.2 micrometers) closely adhered to the surface of the glial cells. On the third day, the groups of glial cells underneath the neuroblastoma cells, which have been covered by filopodia of the tumour cells were rounded and became retracted from the glial substratum. These morphologically altered cells showed features of the tumour cells. It is therefore speculated that neuroblastoma cells have the ability of changing (transforming?) the glial cells probably through their filopodia. When neuroblastoma cells were added to the astrocytoma substratum, there was an initial reaction on both cell types in which lamellipodia were extremely developed. This initial reaction subsided about 24 hours later and the neuroblastoma cells became more flattened, and grew on the astrocytoma substratum. In this case no rounding up of astrocytoma cells was observed. Normal neuronal cells when added to astrocytoma substratum, showed well differentiated neuronal characteristics. This indicates that neuronal differentiation can be maintained by a tumour substratum. PMID- 7304995 TI - [Syncytial sprouts and intervillous bridges in human placenta (author's transl)]. AB - In general syncytial sprouts and intervillous bridges are artifacts. Complete series of histological sections reveal that sprouts and bridges are caused by tangential sections through the syncytiotrophoblast. These observations are supported by scanning electron microscopy, graphical reconstructions and model experiments. However, it cannot be decided unequivocally whether short syncytial sprouts are artifacts or true differentiations of the syncytiotrophoblast. PMID- 7304996 TI - [Os incae, blood-group O, and Boreic linguistic relationship (author' s transl)]. AB - Human language consists of some strata. The deepest one is the pongid stratum represented by a rest of emotionally used clicks in standard languages but well developed in the archaic Bushman language and secondary from that penetrated into some other languages as Hottentot and Zulu by mixture. In these languages of South Africa, the clicks form a distinct system of initial sounds (Stopa 1971). The second stratum in all languages is given by the system of the global words (in German Globalworter [Gipper 1972]) resulting from the spontaneously produced infantile sounds (in German Lallworter) as mama, papa, nana, etc. In Indo European, the reconstructed form *mater- "mother" is a derivative of mama, *peter "father" one of papa, where the first syllable only is used and lengthened by the suffix *-ter. Comparably one finds tamet (epsilon t-ame-t) "wife" from ama, eme "mam(m)a, mother" in Berber (where t...t is the so-called feminine bracket) and kmak (= k-ma-k) "male" from ma "father" in Khmer with the prefix-suffix-bracket k...k. The "instinctives" ma, pa, na, ka, ya, etc. are the same produced by all babies, but the meanings vary in different languages fixed by tradition. PMID- 7304997 TI - [Some anatomo-radiological observations concerning the changes in thyroid arteries which occur with senility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304999 TI - [On the multinucleated giant cells of the chorion laeve of the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7304998 TI - [Controlled dissecting laboratory trial of different phenol-free-embalming fluids in comparison with phenol-formalin-solution (author's transl)]. AB - Phenyl and formaline, which are contained in a series of embalming fluid formulas, are considered to be disadvantageous in some respect. Different approaches were envisaged in order to minimize risks and to maintain a safe and suitable condition of specimens. Concentrations of phenol and formaldehyde in our customary formula were reduced to 4.1 and 0.82% respectively. Quality of specimen, which had been preserved with this fluid, was compared with that obtained with different phenol-free formulas in standardized dissecting laboratory trials. Best results were registered in bodies preserved with a solution containing ethanol, formaline and glycerine (Tutsch 1975). Quality of specimens preserved with phenol/formaline did not fall short of these to a decisive degree, whereas other solutions (Jores 1913; Neumann 1974) turned out to yield less desirable effects. Successful substitution of preservation with phenol proved to be practicable. Nevertheless high cost of alternative fluids prevented the substitution of our traditional phenol/formaline solution at large scale. In addition to results on comparison of effects of different embalming fluids a survey on our experience with consequent low-pressure injection of bodies and with a new storage system is given. PMID- 7305000 TI - Fiber analysis of the motor root of the mouse facial nerve. AB - A nerve fiber caliber analysis was performed with the electron microscope on the motor root of the facial nerve in 5 mice. The large fiber zone of the motor root contained large myelinated fibers at higher percentage than the smaller fiber zone, while the latter contained small myelinated fibers at higher percentage than the former. On the other hand, diameter frequency distribution of unmyelinated fibers did not show significant difference between the large and the small fiber zones. It is postulated that diameter frequency distribution of unmyelinated fibers may be about the same in various nerves, although that of myelinated fibers show contrast between the nerves with different functions. PMID- 7305001 TI - Gross anatomy of the cardiac blood vessels in the North American beaver (Castor canadensis). AB - The cardiac arteries and veins are described in the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) following the injection of the vessels of 15 hearts with either latex, vinyl plastic or barium sulfate. The left coronary artery gives off the typical circumflex and paraconal interventricular branches which supply the left atrium and ventricle and part of the right ventricle and interventricular septum. The right coronary artery vascularizes the right atrium and ventricule and by means of its subsinuosal interventricular branch, part of the left ventricle and interventricular septum. The paraconal interventricular branch of the left coronary artery lies within the myocardium and is not visible on the surface of the heart. There are no intercoronary anastomoses between the right and left vessels. The major cardiac veins open into the terminal end of the left cranial vena cava. Unlike the arteries, there are venous anastomoses interconnecting the great cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein. It is concluded that the cardiac blood vessels in Castor canadensis are typically mammalian and resemble those of both land and aquatic mammals. PMID- 7305002 TI - The relations of the superior pole of the stellate ganglion to the vertebral artery. AB - The relations of the superior pole of the stellate ganglion to the vertebral artery and to the transverse processes of the last cervical and the first thoracic vertebrae were studied in 440 specimens (220 adult human embalmed cadavers). The superior pole of the ganglion was found, most commonly, within an "arterial triangle" bordered by the subclavian, the common carotid and the vertebral arteries (75.8%), at the level of the inferior third of the vertebral artery (79.8%) and anterior to the interval between the transverse process of the seventh cervical and the first thoracic vertebrae (48.6%). The variations of these locations of the stellate ganglion, found in this study, may be of significant surgical anatomical importance. PMID- 7305003 TI - [Investigation on the cytoarchitecture of the nucleus accumbens septi of rat (author's transl)]. AB - The nucleus accumbens septi of the normal adult rat was investigated by means of the rapid Golgi impregnation technique according to Valverde (1970). 5 neuron types could be differentiated: type 1: spiny neurons; type 2: few spiny neurons; type 3: aspiny giant neurons; type 4: spiny spindle shaped neurons; type 5: aspiny spidery neurons. The types 1, 4 and 5, resp., are considered, with respect to morphological criteria, to represent interneurons, whereas the types 2 and 3 are considered to be accumbens output neurons. The cytoarchitecture of the nc. accumbens septi thus displays striking similarities with the caudate-putamen complex. An hypothetical correlation of these neurons in a functional -- biochemical sense as well as their position in the nc. accumbens which is suggested to be a transition area between limbic and extrapyramidal motor systems, is discussed. PMID- 7305004 TI - [Periodically striated structures in the subcommissural organ of Clemmys caspica leprosa (Chelonia, Testudinidae) (author's transl)]. AB - On a study of the most rostral part of the optic tectum of Clemmys caspica leprosa a periodically striated structure was detected at the subcommissural organ (SCO). It has been made a detailed analysis about its topographical relationship with vessels and with hypendyma, and also about its own periodical pattern of structure. This finding was also considered on a comparative point of view, keeping in mind the previous observations by some authors upon the rat's SCO and other related findings outside the central nervous system. Finally a functional interpretation is discussed. PMID- 7305005 TI - The ciliary ganglion in man (anatomical observations). AB - In 30 human orbits the ciliary ganglion with its motor (parasympathetic), sympathetic and sensory roots and the short ciliary nerves were dissected under the surgical microscope. The ganglion was situated near the orbital apex, between the optic nerve, abducens nerve, lateral rectus muscle and the ophthalmic artery. In 2 cases the motor, parasympathetic root was missing and the ganglion was attached directly to the inferior branch of the 3rd nerve or to the nerve of the inferior oblique muscle. In some cases the root was double. The sensory root was very constant. The sympathetic root was identified only in 22 specimens. It took origin from the sympathetic carotid plexus; in a few cases from the sympathetic plexus around the ophthalmic artery or from both sources. Most of the short ciliary nerves entered the eyeball in its temporal aspect. Only 1-2 short ciliary nerves entered the medial aspect after crossing the inferior of the optic nerve. In 2 cases, additional short ciliary nerves originated directly from the motor root, and in one case from the sensory root. Connections between short and long ciliary nerves were also observed. In order to locate the ganglion it is advised to find first the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle, along the inferior border of teh lateral rectus, and follow it backwards up to the motor root. PMID- 7305006 TI - [Morphology and zonal division of the Ductus epididymidis of rats. II. Electron microscopic investigations (author's transl)]. AB - The light microscopical zonal division of the ductus epididymidis of adult rats is substantiated and extended by ultrastructural differences of the epithelial cells lining the duct. The principal cells are rich in endocytotic vesicles and possess a well-developed Golgi apparatus in all 9 zones of the duct. Polymorphous lysosomes, however, preferentially occur in the principal cells of zone 4-7; the principal cells of zone 1-3 and 8-9 contain other types and less numerous lysosomes. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and possible exocytotic vesicles and vacuoles predominate in the principal cells of zone 1-3 and the smooth ER in those of zone 7. The clear cells are always poor in microvilli and contain different amounts of vacuoles, vesicles, lipid and lipoid droplets and lysosomes. Light droplets and lysosomes are typical for the clear cells of zone 5, dark droplets for those of zone 6; the clear cells of zone 7 possess many dark droplets and lysosomes; and in zone 8 and 9 these cells contain numerous vesicles, vacuoles and lysosomes. The apical cells belong to the group of principal cells; in addition, bottle shaped-cells (narrow cells), basal clear cells and 2 populations of intraepithelial leucocytes exist; the leucocytes leave the blood capillaries, penetrate the epithelium and enter the lumen of the duct. If, in addition, enzyme histochemical and experimental data are respected the principal and clear cells are involved in zonal specific absorptive processes but perhaps also in secretion processes into the lumen of the duct, the clear cells of zone 5 and 6 may be responsible for the secretion of hydrolases present in the sperm plasm. Clear signs for endocrine secretion are not seen; at least some of the leucocytes may represent immunocompetent lymphocytes which seem to be not identical with those in the epithelia of other organic systems. PMID- 7305007 TI - [Ultrastructural similarities of secretory processes in arterial smooth muscle cells and elastic cartilage chondrocytes. vacuolar apparatus and microtubules (author's transl)]. AB - A highly developed vacuolar apparatus is found in aorta and pulmonary trunk smooth muscle cells and elastic cartilage chondrocytes, and its relationship with cytoplasmic microtubules is described. The Golgi complex as well as the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) may be the intracellular sources of the components of the vacuolar apparatus. Some vacuoles, Golgi-related only, showed an association with microtubules. Smooth muscle cells which contained vacuoles derived from RER did not possess Golgi vacuoles and microtubules. In chondrocytes, both Golgi related and RER vacuoles coexisted in a single cell. 2 main secretory pathways are suggested to operate in smooth muscle cells and chondrocytes: Golgi and RER pathway. The former requires an intact cell tubulin system (cytoplasmic microtubules and membrane-bound tubulin), while the latter is probably microtubule-independent. PMID- 7305008 TI - Membranous systems in the "chloride cell" of teleostean fish gill; their modifications in response to the salinity of the environment. AB - The membranous systems of the "chloride cell" were studied in teleostean fish gills stained in ferrocyanide-reduced osmium (Karnovsky, '71). Three distinct systems were observed: (1) the tubular system, densely stained with ferrocyanide reduced osmium, was made up of anastomosed tubules opening in the latero basal intercellular space; (2) the endoplasmic reticulum, faintly stained, and continuous with the nuclear envelope; (3) the vesiculotubular system, the staining of which was intermediate between those of both previously cited systems, was made up of vesicles and short tubules. These membranous systems underwent modifications according to the salinity of the exterior medium: (1) the tubular system formed a broad and loose network in fresh water adapted fishes; in salt water, the meshes of the network became small, tight, and regular thus increasing the cell surface area. (2) the endoplasmic reticulum, which in fresh water, consisted of dilated cisternae often studded with ribosomes; in salt water, it developed in a network of anastomosed smooth sheets interdigitated with the tubular system. (3) the vesiculotubular system seems to be also more developed in salt water than in fresh water-adapted fishes. PMID- 7305010 TI - The incidence of dentinal tubules containing more than one process in the cuspal dentin of cat canine teeth. AB - The incidence of multiple processes within the tubules of the cuspal dentin of the cat's canine has been measured by counting directly from ultrathin sections examined in the electron microscope. The incidence is highly variable. The greatest incidence was found 1 mm below the cuspal dentino enamel junction where up to 75% of tubules in some areas contain more than one process. On average 33.6% of the tubules at this level contain multiple processes. The incidence declines linearly toward the apex with virtually no multiple processes occurring at 4 mm below the tip dentino enamel junction or beyond. Half of the "second processes" contain either mitochondria and/or vesicles. They are restricted to predentin where many of them end and to inner calcified dentin. Their distribution is similar to that described for nerve fibers in other studies. None of the processes participated in specialized junctions. PMID- 7305009 TI - Observations on the structure of the eumelanosome matrix in melanosomes of the chick retinal pigment epithelium. AB - Eumelanosomes from the developing chick pigment epithelium have been isolated, solubilized, and the residue collected. Examination of this material in the electron microscope provides evidence for new structural entities in the eumelanosome and information on the organization of the melanosome. This evidence suggests that there are (1) 190-A fibers arranged in a zigzag fashion, surrounding 240-A-diameter electron-lucent spaces and (2) an internal gridwork enclosing 40-50-A diameter spaces. These two structures are probably alternately layered and "rolled-up". PMID- 7305011 TI - Hypertrophic and hyperplastic effects of thyroxine on the submandibular gland of the mouse. AB - The nature of the trophic response of the mouse submandibular gland to thyroxine (T4) was examined. Adult female Swiss-Webster mice were given daily subcutaneous injections of T4 (1 microgram/gm body weight) for two or four days; two injections of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) were given 24 and 29 hours after the last injection of hormone, and the mice were killed one hour after the last injection of 3H-TdR. One gland was analyzed chemically for DNA content and for incorporation of 3H-TdR, while the other was used to prepare autoradiograms. The cellular composition of each gland was analyzed by counting 1000 nuclei, and the frequency and labelling index (LI) of six cell types were established. A rise in specific activity of DNA and a fall in its concentration were seen in response to T4. The LI for the entire gland more than doubled. The LIs and frequencies of granular convoluted tubule and granular intercalated duct cells were increased more than those of acinar and nongranular intercalated duct cells; striated and excretory duct cells were not affected. It is concluded that the enlargement of the submandibular gland of the mouse caused by T4 is due to both hyperplastic and hypertrophic effects. PMID- 7305012 TI - Organization of collagen in the human pulmonary alveolar wall. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the organization of collagen in the wall of the human pulmonary alveolus. Samples of human lung obtained at surgery were processed for light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy confirmed the general findings of Orsos ('36): there were 3 common fibers called primary, secondary, tertiary in this study in order of their increasing size. Primary fibers (called "pericapillary" by Orsos) formed a continuous mesh in the alveolar wall and were often confluent within the intercapillary regions of the wall ("knotenpunkten," or nodes, Orsos). The tortuous secondary fibers ("circulatory fibers," Orsos) passed frequently across the thickness of the alveolar wall and were closely applied to capillary walls. Tertiary fibers ("respiratory fibers," Orsos) were continuous with the alveolar ostia and formed the supportive struts of the alveolar wall as they crossed the wall in a more direct course than the serpiginous secondary fibers. Electron microscopy (serial sections and stereo pairs) showed that the primary fibers inserted near the edge of an intercapillary region, where they were attached to the endothelial or epithelial basal lamina directly or by a smaller fiber or microfibril resembling the fibrous component of elastin or oxytalan. Primary fibers passed through a typical intercapillary region while describing a helix or a portion thereof. Secondary fibers were more coarse than primary, and both secondary and tertiary fibers resembled woven ropes. PMID- 7305013 TI - Cellular composition of the bone marrow in the chicken: II. The effect of age and the influence of the bursa of Fabricius on the size of cellular compartments. AB - The blood and bone marrow of New Hampshire chicks were analyzed quantitatively from the time of hatch to 8 weeks of age. Hormonal bursectomy was performed by treating embryonating eggs on the 11th day of incubation with testosterone propionate (TP) which resulted in severe hypogammaglobulinemia and complete atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius. TP-treated birds exhibited some lymphocytopenia, reduced splenic weight, and lack of plasma cells in their bone marrow. The number of cells per milligram bone marrow was comparable in normal and TP-treated birds, falling in the range reported for laboratory rodents. The chick medullary hemopoiesis is characterized by the predominance of erythroblasts throughout early development; granulocytes and lymphocytes represent much smaller cellular compartments than in rodents. In the chick granulocytes tend to decrease after hatch, whereas in rodents they tend to increase. The normal chick shows a temporary increase in marrow lymphocytes after hatch, similar to that observed in some young rodents, but on a much smaller scale. Hormonal bursectomy did not prevent the development of a lymphocyte population in the bone marrow. These cells were fewer in TP-treated birds at hatch and at 4 weeks than in normal birds, but at 8 weeks of age normal and bursectomized chicks had comparable numbers of lymphocytes in their marrow. Although some lymphocytes in avain bone marrow may depend on the bursa of Fabricius for their development, a substantial proportion of bone marrow lymphocytes in the chick are bursa independent. The cell surface phenotype and site of origin of these cells remains to be investigated. PMID- 7305014 TI - Thymic morphology during in vitro culture. AB - Morphology of guinea-pig thymic fragments was studied sequentially during in vitro organ culture by using light and electron microscopy and 3H-thymidine autoradiography. In culture the fragments became alymphoid. Thymic lymphocytes started to disappear first at the corticomedullary border, which gradually broadened, giving rise to the alymphoid epithelial fragments. As the lymphoid cells disappeared the thymic epithelium began to transform into a keratinized squamous epithelium. The keratinization started in the cells surrounding the Hassall's corpuscles, causing the enlargement of the corpuscles and finally total keratinization of the cultured epithelial fragments. In autoradiographic studies cell proliferation could be observed in uncultured thymuses at the cortical pericapsular area. In cultured alymphoid fragments labelled cells were distributed diffusely in the epithelium. Later labelling was concentrated to epithelial cells transforming to keratinized epithelium. Ultrastructural studies similarly showed transformation of the epithelial cells to squamous keratinized epithelium. The observation support the view that Hassall's corpuscles are derived from the keratinized thymic epithelium and that their existence is connected to the normal function of the epithelium. PMID- 7305016 TI - Central connections of the olfactory bulb in the American opossum (Didelphys virginiana): a light microscopic degeneration study. AB - Destructive lesions were made in the right olfactory bulb of 16 adult opossums. Following postoperative survival periods of 4 to 31 days, the animals were sacrificed and perfused with 10% Formalin. Frozen sections of the brain were cut in either the coronal, horizontal, or sagittal plane and processed by the Fink Heimer II method. Degenerating axons of olfactory bulb neurons were traced caudally in the ipsilateral lateral olfactory tract (LOT). Small lesions revealed a topographic representation of the olfactory bulb within the LOT. The dorsal, lateral, and ventral parts of the bulb were, respectively, represented in the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral parts of the LOT. Terminal degeneration was observed in the superficial half of the molecular layer ipsilaterally in the following structures: anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior hippocampal rudiment, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, ventrolateral frontal neocortex, lateral entorhinal cortex, nucleus of the LOT, and the lateral aspect of the cortical amygdaloid nucleus. No degeneration was observed in the anterior limb of the anterior commissure. Dorsal and lateral parts of the olfactory bulb projected to the anterolateral aspect of the olfactory tubercle, whereas the ventral part projected heavily to the entire tubercle. There was no evidence of topographic projections to other olfactory structures. The observations of the present investigation indicated that the olfactory bulb projections in the opossum, a primitive mammal, are essentially comparable with those of placental mammals. PMID- 7305015 TI - Cytoplasmic granules in luteal cells of pregnant and non-pregnant guinea pigs. A cytochemical study. AB - Secretory granules, which are released by exocytosis and are speculated to contain progesterone, have been described in luteal cells of sheep and other large domestic animals. These granules are small and densely staining. Gemmell and Stacy ('79) suggested that luteal cells of guinea pigs also contain secretory granules, although they could not document exocytosis of granule content at the fine structural level. For the present study, quantitative methods were used to reexamine the possibility that luteal cells of guinea pigs possess secretory granules. Ovaries of guinea pigs were fixed in situ by vascular perfusion at the time of maximum progesterone secretion, when such granules would be most abundant, as well as other stages. Two types of granules that might be confused with secretory granules are microperoxisomes and lysosomes. Therefore, slices of perfusion-fixed corpora lutea were incubated for the fine structural localization of a peroxisomal enzyme, catalase, or for the lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase (ACPase) and arylsulfatase. Other tissue was prepared for conventional electron microscopy. Granule types were classified on the basis of size, morphology, and enzyme content. Quantitation of granule types was carried out on both cytochemically reacted and conventionally prepared luteal tissue. More than 5500 microperoxisomes, 2800 lysosomes, and 1100 multivesicular bodies (MVBs) were tabulated. The results indicate that luteal cells of guinea pigs have three main types of granules: 1) Microperoxisomes, about 0.2 micrometer in diameter and containing catalase; 2) lysosomes, about 0.5 micrometer in diameter and positive for ACPase and arylsulfatase; and 3) MVBs, about 0.4 micrometer in diameter and containing small vesicles. At the time of peak steroid secretion during pregnancy and the estrous cycle, the granule population in luteal cells of guinea pigs consists of 73-80% microperoxisomes, 13-17% lysosomes, and 7-9% MVBs. These proportions are similar in tissue reacted for cytochemistry and tissue prepared by conventional means. Greater than 99% of the small 0.2-0.3 micrometer diameter granules in guinea pig luteal cells are catalase reactive. This finding eliminates from further consideration most of the prime candidates for secretory granules in these cells. Finally, neither a sequential appearance of granules nor exocytosis of secretory product was detected. Our data thus argue against the suggestion that luteal cells of guinea pig have secretory granules of the type observed in corpora lutea of large domestic animals. PMID- 7305017 TI - The origin of the epicardium and the embryonic myocardial circulation in the mouse. AB - The origin of the epicardium and the formation of the early blood vessels of the heart prior to the opening of the coronary arteries from the aorta have been studied in the 9-13.5 day post coitum (dpc) mouse embryo heart. The epicardium begins to appear by 9 dpc. The majority of the epicardial cells derive from the somatopleural investment of the septum transversum, from where they migrate, associated to form vesicles, to the dorsal aspect of the ventricles and atria. The epicardial cells then migrate over the lateral surfaces and the AV sulcus to the ventral aspect of the heart. In the subepicardial space around the sulci, the proliferating epithelial tissue is found, also in vesicular form, for a time. The ventrally migrating primordial epicardial tissue ensheaths lastly the truncus arteriosus, while the sinus venosus is coated with epicardium ab initio, where (and also in the SA sulcus) the epicardial cells derive in part from the cuboidal cells of the pleuroperitoneal canal and in part from the somatopleural cells. The early blood vessel formation follows in space and time the development of the epicardium. The first blood vessels appear by dpc by the invagination of the endocardium into the early sinus muscle, and at the same time in the ventricular chamber by the encasing of the endocardium, as the trabeculae become consolidated into the myocardial walls. By this process sinusoids are formed, some of which penetrate through the myocardium and which, by rapid proliferation, form an interconnected subepicardial plexus. These capillaries proliferate ventrally in the wide subepicardial space, reaching the septating truncus, in which the aorta and pulmonary artery are developing. The definitive coronary artery openings appear by 13 dpc, allowing the high pressure blood from the aorta to flow into a preexisting vascular bed. PMID- 7305018 TI - The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and its anatomical substrates. AB - The anatomical substrates that underlie the clinical syndromes of preexcitation are still incompletely understood. Regarding the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, there is increasing evidence that early ventricular activation is caused by accessory atrioventricular connections. These are muscular connections existing outside the specialized conduction tissue axis, which are almost always composed of working myocardial fibers. Left-sided accessory atrioventricular connections have been identified with most frequency. They occur in the presence of a well developed fibrous annulus, thus contradicting the hypothesis that faulty development of the annulus is a necessary accompaniment. For right-sided and septal connections, this developmental concept may still hold, since there is marked variability in the formation of the right-sided annulus fibrosus. Even within these settings, however, the topography of accessory atrioventricular connections may vary considerably. Usually the accessory connection will pass on the epicardial aspect of the annulus fibrosus, particularly when left-sided. The connections are closely related to the fibrous annulus, but in other instances they may be in a superficial location. Multiple connections can occur in one heart. These anatomical features are of paramount significance for successful surgical ablation of accessory atrioventricular connections. PMID- 7305019 TI - The mechanism of AV junctional reentry: role of the atrionodal junction. AB - Mapping of atrial-AV nodal (AVN) activation patterns was performed in 10 superfused rabbit AVN preparations utilizing 3 bipolar electrodes placed simultaneously at the crista terminalis (CT), interatrial septum (IAS) and His bundle (H) regions in close proximity to the AVN, along with two or three microelectrodes in the AN, N and NH regions of the AVN. Basic and premature stimuli were introduced at either or both the CT and IAS regions of the AVN. The timing of the premature stimuli was varied to induce close interaction of inputs to the AVN. Summation and/or cancellation, as evidenced by changes in the morphology of the action potentials and alteration of H1-H2 intervals, were observed. Apparent reentry phenomena could be induced or terminated by appropriately timed stimulation at the CT and IAS inputs. Reentry was critically related to both the patterns and timing of the spread and excitation within AVN and surrounding atrial tissue. Slow conduction and unidirectional block were observed in various portions of the reentry circuit. It is concluded that 1) interaction between input waves engaging the AVN produced either summation or fragmentation; 2) slow conduction and reentry resulted from a critical collision of wavefronts; 3) in this preparation, AVN reentry circuits always appeared to involve conduction through atrial tissue immediately surrounding AVN; and 4) remarkably, reentry confined to the intranodal region was never observed. PMID- 7305020 TI - Ependymal cells of the filum terminale in fish (Poecilia sphenops) adapted to freshwater and saltwater: electron microscopic study. AB - The ependymal lining of the central canal of the filum terminale and spinal cord in the vicinity of the caudal neurosecretory system in P. sphenops was examined in this study. Two general cell types based on shape and location were observed in the ependymal lining: cuboidal ependyma located in dorsal aspects of the filum terminal and columnar to pseudostratified ependymal cells found in ventrolateral and ventral aspects of the filum terminale. Comparison of the ependymal lining was made in animals adapted to saltwater and freshwater. In animals adapted to saltwater there was an increase in the basal infolding of the cell membrane of the dorsal cuboidal ependyma. Infolding of the basal cell membrane is a phenomenon shared by cells known to participate in transport of electrolytes. Since a possible functional relationship between the ependyma of the third ventricle and median eminence has been shown, in future studies on the osmoregulatory function of the caudal neurosecretory system the ependymal lining of the central canal in this region should be considered. PMID- 7305021 TI - Efferent projections of the septum in the Tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus. AB - A H3 proline or H3 leucine mixture was injected into the septal region of the Tegu lizard in order to determine its efferent projections. The brains were processed according to standard autoradiographic technique and counterstained with cresyl violet. Septal projections were limited to either telencephalic or diencephalic areas. Intratelencephalic projections consisted of efferents to medial pallium, nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the anterior commissure, preoptic area and septum itself. Fibers entering the diencephalon projected to medial habenular nucleus, dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, dorsolateral thalamic area, periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamic area and mammillary nucleus. The results are discussed in relation to the efferent projections of the septum in other vertebrates. PMID- 7305022 TI - Quantitative morphological analysis of interatrial muscle cells in the ferret heart. AB - Cells located in the interatrial septum of the ferret heart were examined and mean cell volume, surface area, length, width, as well as cell length/width and surface area/volume ratios were obtained. The muscle cells were from two different regions. One region was the area of the middle internodal tract while the other was from the area where the anterior and middle internodal tracts intermingled. Based on the data obtained, at least two different subpopulations of interatrial muscle cells could be defined. The larger cells had a mean cell length of 109.7 micrometer, a mean cell width of 13.1 micrometer, a length/width ratio of 8.61, a mean cell surface area of 5,057.6 micrometer2, a mean cell volume of 5960.8 micrometer3, and a surface area/volume ratio of 0.87. The smaller cells had a mean cell length of 58.0 micrometer, a mean cell width of 12.2 micrometer, a length/width ratio of 4.85, a mean cell surface area of 2494.1 micrometer2, a mean cell volume of 2553.6 micrometer3, and a surface area/volume ratio of 1.00. The large cell population had cells that were myofibril rich and also others that were myofibril poor. These quantitative data indicate that the regions of internodal pathways are not composed of a single specialized cell type, but rather are composed of at least two, if not more, cell types that intermingle with each other. PMID- 7305023 TI - Further electrophysiologic and anatomic correlates in a canine model of chronic myocardial infarction susceptible to the initiation of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - A canine model of chronic myocardial infarction has been studied in which animals are susceptible to the initiation of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias using routine methods of programmed stimulation. The pacing-induced arrhythmias in this model are similar to those observed in man in their mode of initiation and termination, as well as in their response to both pacing and pharmacologic interventions. Indirect evidence has suggested a localized protected reentrant mechanism for these arrhythmias. The susceptibility to arrhythmia initiation in this model has been related to both electrophysiologic and histopathologic findings. Consistently, animals have demonstrated a marked heterogeneity of local properties of excitability and refractoriness at sites within areas of infarction. Correspondingly, animals have shown a marked inhomogeneity of histopathologic findings within areas of infarction, with close interspersing of normal and abnormal myocardium. Remarkably, even animals with small mottled infarctions, often less than 1 cm x 2 cm and electrocardiographically silent, were highly susceptible to the initiation of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and especially fibrillation. Thus, initial provocative studies in this model have suggested its potential importance both in studying arrhythmia mechanisms and in evaluating the efficiency of potential antiarrhythmic interventions. In addition, this should be an ideal model in which to correlate pathophysiologic and morphologic alterations in the setting of chronic myocardial infarction. PMID- 7305024 TI - The internodal atrial myocardium. AB - The anatomical substrates of internodal conduction have long been a contentious topic. Debated first by the German Pathological Society in 1910, the consensus of established opinion for over half a century was that conduction between sinus and atrioventricular nodes occurred through plain myocardium. This was a conclusion supported by Truex in 1961. Despite his restatement of this fact in 1976, it has become fashionable to describe internodal conduction as being mediated by specialized internodal pathways. To reinvestigate this problem we studied 22 human fetal and 32 human infant hearts. In each case it was possible to cut the atrial tissues as a single block of tissue and to examine serial sections through the internodal myocardium. The sinus node, atrioventricular node, and segments of atrioventricular ring specialized tissue were recognized as specialized tissue using the light microscope in each heart. In contrast, there was nothing "special" about the myocardium between the nodes, nor was it possible to recognize tracts on the basis of either histological appearance or cellular architecture. It is concluded that, from the standpoint of light microscopy, there is no evidence whatsoever to support the purported concept of specialized anatomical substrates for internodal conduction. PMID- 7305025 TI - A congenital abnormality in the arrangement of muscle bundles in a segment of the distal ileum, producing obstruction: a variant of the so-called "giant Meckel's diverticulum". AB - This 4-year-old male child was diagnosed at birth as having several minor congenital anomalies. X-rays taken during the first year of his life showed a single, massively dilated loop of bowel in the upper abdomen, not appreciated at the time. In 1980 he was admitted to Jackson Memorial Hospital with the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction. An upper gastrointestinal series showed one tremendously dilated loop of distal ileum. At laparotomy, the patient was found to have extreme segmental dilatation of one loop of distal ileum which ended abruptly; there was no evident external cause for obstruction. The resected loop contained in excess of 200 cc of watery brown liquid. The mucosal folds and underlying smooth muscle bundles, in the dilated portion only, were not arranged circumferentially but rather in a distinctive finger-print-like pattern with trifurcations, whorls, and intricate interdigitations which had probably produced contractions of a circus type rather than normal peristaltic waves. We have been able to find only three reports in the literature in which, as was the case here, the so-called "giant Meckel's diverticulum" presented as a single tremendously dilated segment of ileum, sharply demarcated at its distal end. In none of them is there any description of the orientation of muscle bundles. We believe that the abnormal arrangement of smooth muscle in the muscular coat in this specimen, and perhaps in the others, probably represents the underlying cause for the extreme localized dilatation. PMID- 7305026 TI - Interfollicular smooth muscle in the skin of the domesticated pig (Sus scrofa). AB - An interfollicular smooth muscle that spans the triad of hair follicles has been identified in the skin of the domesticated pig (Sus scrofa). This muscle has been previously noted by other investigators and identified as an arrector pili muscle. However, it cannot be interpreted as such for the following reasons: 1) It lies opposite the arrector pili muscle on the follicle; 2) the orientation of its fibers is perpendicular to those of the arrector pili; 3) the two muscles are not continuous; their attachments are different; and 4) contraction of the interfollicular muscle would have little effect on erection of the hairs. Based on structural evidence, it is postulated that upon contraction the muscle draws the base of the three aligned follicles together into a triangular conformation. In so doing, it may rotate the outer two follicles of the triad. Its specific functional role is unknown. PMID- 7305027 TI - Satellite cell distribution within the soleus muscle of the adult mouse. AB - The frequency of satellite cells was quantitated by electron microscopy in five proximal to distal regions of the soleus muscle of adult mice. In all, 236 satellite cell nuclei and 4, 475 myonuclei were counted on 51 transverse thin sections. The mean percentage of satellite cells, as a ratio of satellite cells to myonuclei, per region was found to be 5.4%, 5.3%, 5.0%, 5.2% and 4.9% for the most proximal to distal areas, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between either the regions or the animals studied. The number of satellite cell nuclei per cross-sectional area of muscle was also calculated for each of the five regions, and these values did not vary significantly from the proximal to distal ends of the muscle. Despite the fact that satellite cells were frequently noted in close association with cross sectional profiles of myoneural junctions, this study establishes that the number of such perisynaptic satellite cells was not large enough to affect significantly the mean percentages of all satellite cells counted within the motor endplate regions(areas 3 and 4) of the soleus muscle. It is concluded from this study that satellite cells are uniformly distributed throughout the whole muscle. PMID- 7305028 TI - The effect of buffer molarity on axonal exposure and axoaxonal apposition in the rat molar pulp. AB - Axons in the rat molar pulp have been examined morphometrically to determine axonal size and the degree of axonal exposure and axoaxonal apposition in tissue fixed by perfusion using 2% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffers ranging in molarity form 0.025 M to 0.4 M. Between 31.2% and 45.0% of the axons were incompletely ensheathed. This proportion of axons exposed was linearly related to the buffer molarity (P less than 0.05) and was approximately double that found in more central axons. Between 32.3% and 45.0% of the axons were in contact with other axons. This proportion was not linearly related to buffer molarity but was least ten times higher than that observed in more centrally positioned nerve fibers in the inferior alveolar nerves. Increasing buffer molarity reduced the size of the axons, a relationship not found in the more central axons. It is suggested that axonal exposure and axoaxonal apposition are constant, significant features of pulpal nerve fibers that may be related to the onset and spread of nociceptive activity. The permeability properties of pulpal axons may differ from those of more centrally placed axons. PMID- 7305029 TI - Membrane specialization in the rat epididymis. II. The clear cell. PMID- 7305030 TI - Structure of bursae ovaricae surrounding the ovaries of golden hamster. AB - The ovaries of many mammals lie within membranous sacs called bursae ovaricae. In this study, we have examined the morphology of the bursa surrounding the hamster ovary using light and electron microscopy. The bursa is composed of three layers: (1) an inner, discontinuous bursal epithelium that faces the ovary; (2) a middle layer of connective tissue that contains fibroblasts, bundles of smooth muscle cells, and blood vessels; and (3) an outer, continuous epithelium that faces the peritoneal cavity. One side of the bursa has a thin layer of connective tissue, and because the ovary may be seen through it, we refer to this region of the bursa as the "window.' Elsewhere a thick layer of fat joins the connective tissue and blocks visualization of the ovary. Tracers (Evans blue and lanthanum) applied to the peritoneal surface do not penetrate beyond the peritoneal epithelium. Tracers injected into the bursal cavity penetrate all layers of the bursa, but do not pass through the peritoneal epithelium. Therefore, the bursa prevents tracer exchange between the bursal and peritoneal cavities, but exchange does take place between the bursal cavity and blood vessels within the bursa. We suggest that bundles of smooth muscle cells within the bursa may serve to regulate fluid volume and pressure within the bursal cavity. Possible functions of the complete bursa in the hamster are discussed. PMID- 7305031 TI - Regeneration of submandibular salivary gland autografted in the rat tongue. AB - Autologous SMG fragments were implanted in tongues of male rats which were sacrificed 15-20 min, 24 hr, 72 hr, 1 week, or 8 weeks after implantation. The tongues were excised, fixed, and processed for light and electron microscopy. In addition, some rats were injected with [3H]-thymidine 1 hr before sacrifice and the labeling indices (L.I.) of the salivary epithelial and interstitial cells were calculated. Twenty-four hours after implantation, SMG autografts showed massive central necrosis with some acini and ducts surviving at the periphery of the lobules. There was marked infiltration of the autografts with neutrophils and macrophages. Also the basal laminae surrounding the necrotic acini and ducts remained intact. The morphology of the autografts after 72 hr was similar to that after 24 hr except that there was additional necrosis and acini and ducts could no longer be identified in the autografts. By 1 week after implantation, the autografts showed lobular morphogenesis, ductal branching, and revascularization. At this time, the regenerating salivary epithelium appeared undifferentiated with no evidence of secretory granules. The L.I. of interstitial and ductlike structures showed significant increases over control values at 1 week after implantation, and then declined toward control levels by 3 weeks after implantation. By 8 weeks after implantation, there was evidence of acinar and striated ductal cytodifferentiation in two autografts. The results emphasize the potential of SMG autografts to regenerate subsequent to severe tissue necrosis. PMID- 7305032 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of the innervation of pulmonary arteries in the cat. AB - Nerve terminal-smooth muscle relationships were studied in pulmonary arteries of the cat using 5-hydroxydopamine to help differentiate adrenergic and nonadrenergic terminals. There was a periarterial plexus of nerves in the walls of pulmonary arteries that extended into the lung to innervate even small arteries having a single layer of smooth muscle cells. Adrenergic nerves surrounded all arteries and extended into the tunica media of the large arteries. There were also apparent cholinergic nerves around the pulmonary arteries, although this was confirmed by electron microscopy for medium- and small-sized arteries only. The relationships of nerve terminals to smooth muscle cells in pulmonary arteries suggest that release of norepinephrine by adrenergic terminals can produce both decreased compliance and increased resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed, and that acetylcholine released by cholinergic terminals may act directly on vascular smooth muscle or on adrenergic terminals to modulate release of norepinephrine. These results suggest that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves may have a regulatory role in the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 7305034 TI - Age related increase in catecholamine-containing paraganglia in male Fischer-344 rats. AB - For identification of paraganglia (PG), samples of para-aortic tissue, tissues containing the coeliac-mesenteric ganglion complex, and the hypogastric ganglia were removed from 3- and 33-month-old male Fischer-344 rats and were processed by the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence method for visualization of catecholamines. Small PG containing 5-30 cells per section were found consistently in young animals. In each of six old rats, large PG containing 500-4000 brightly fluorescent cells per section were detected. Cell counting revealed a 13.5 x increase in number of PG cells between 3- and 33-month-old rats. Microspectrofluorimetric quantitation in old rats showed equal amounts of catecholamines in PG cells and in adrenal medullary cells. Most PG were located in samples from the para-aortic area. PMID- 7305035 TI - A model of the inguinal canal. AB - Medical students often find it difficult ot conceptualize and learn the anatomy of the inguinal region and canal. A model of the inguinal canal, appropriate for lecture and laboratory presentations, has been used for many years by one of the authors (J.J.J.), and based on student and staff feedback, is judged a successful visual learning aid. This paper outlines a step-by-step procedure for constructing the model out of plexiglass and colored, felt-tipped marking pens. PMID- 7305036 TI - [Effect of diazepam on cardio-vascular and psychotomimetic action of ketamine administered as continuous intravenous drip. Double-blind study (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty-four women undergoing non-abdominal operations were anaesthetized with ketamine administered as a continuous intravenous drip combined or not with diazepam. This double-blind, randomised study assessed the effects of diazepam on the dosage, the cardio-vascular stimulation, and the psychotomimetic side-effects of ketamine. At the induction, ketamine was given in a dose of 2 mg/kg in combination with diazepam 10 mg or placebo i.v. followed by a continuous infusion of ketamine at variable rate. The amounts of ketamine necessary for anaesthesia was significantly reduced by diazepam, from 4.51 mg/kg to 3.55 mg/kg (p less than 0.001). The sympathomimetic effect of ketamine was significantly decreased by diazepam, as the increase in pulse rate as well as in blood pressure was less important (p less than 0.05). The frequency of hallucinations dropped from 30.0 p. cent to 2.9 p. cent with diazepam, while the total frequency of psychotomimetic side-effects fell from 36.6 p. cent to 11.8 p. cent (p less than 0.05). Although the frequency of psychotomimetic side-effects is still high with this method, it may be recommended to use a continuous drip of ketamine administration for anaesthesia of hypovolaemic and other poor risk patients. PMID- 7305033 TI - Topography of the deep cortex of the lymph nodes of various mammalian species. AB - In preceeding studies, we clarified the histology of the deep cortex of the rat lymph node. It was shown that the deep cortex is made up of basic elements termed "deep cortex units,' some of which are fused to one another into "deep cortex complexes.' Each unit is a semirounded lymphocytic structure, centered on the opening of an afferent lymphatic, contiguous to the peripheral cortex, and bulging into the medulla of a node. Moreover, each unit comprises a "center' and a "periphery,' bearing distinct morphological features. The present work was undertaken to verify whether the histology of the deep cortex of nodes form various species of mammals, currently used or experimental immunology, is comparable to that of the rate. The observations yielded a positive answer to the question. PMID- 7305037 TI - [Variations of blood flow during epidural analgesia measured by a non-invasive method, i.e. transcutaneous pulsed ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry (author's transl)]. AB - The present study aimed at appreciating the variations of femoral blood flow caused by epidural analgesia in women during delivery. In all cases the women lay supine, the cutaneous analgesia was below T 9. Bupivacaine at the average dose of 25 mg was used. Three preparations (bupivacaine 0.25 p. cent, bupivacaine 0.25 p. cent + adrenaline 1/200,000) were used. No significant variation in femoral blood flow was observed whether the solution injected contained adrenaline or not. PMID- 7305038 TI - [Emergency in neo-natal surgery. High risks in forty-one cases (author's transl)]. AB - 41 babies were operated upon in emergency in the cardiac surgery department. 11 of them were submitted to open heart surgery and 30 were operated without extra corporeal circulation. Amongst them, there were 21 coarctations of thoracic aorta either isolated or associated with other cardiac malformations. 13 of them, presented a pericardial effusion, and the mean age was 3 months. First of all, the notion of emergency in cardiac surgery of the new-born is stressed. Then, premedication and technic of anaesthesia are shortly described. The authors insist on the frequency of lethal cardiac fibrillation occurring at the opening of pericardium in case of coarctations of aorta complicated by pericardial effusion. Prevention of this accident is possible if at the beginning of anaesthesia the baby lies in a proclive position. On the opposite, bradycardia occurring at the opening of the pericardium or during pulmonary artery banding have a good prognosis. Lastly, the authors insist on the high risk of this surgery in the baby (25 p. cent of mortality) and 80 p. cent under 6 months of age and the high mortality of iterative operations. PMID- 7305039 TI - [The infusion of packed red cells. Usual difficulties (author's transl)]. AB - This infusion used instead of whole blood has become increasingly common. However in our, as in other french institutions, the volume and the hematocrit of blood contained in each unit varies often notably. In addition, because of their high viscosity packed erythrocytes cannot be transfused rapidly enough. For transfusion in emergency situations and transfusion in operating room, following suggestions could be made to blood banks: --each unit should provide information on its content (volume and hematocrit or hemoglobin content); --units with low blood content should be transfused outside the operating room, whereas units containing high volumes should be reserved for peroperative transfusion in order to reduce charge of manipulation; --packed erythrocytes units should be prepared in order to allow same transfusion rates as whole blood (i.e. an average of 100 ml per minute for one transfusion line); --packed erythrocytes units should contain about 80 ml of plasma for an average total concentrate volume of 260 ml in order to provide enough antibacterial defense components; --units of fresh whole blood should be provided when approximately 150 p. cent of recipient's blood volume has been replaced in order to maintain the critical platelet level. PMID- 7305040 TI - [Bacteriologic study of indwelling central venous catheters. Factors influencing the risk of microbial colonization and sepsis (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism of microbial colonization and sepsis is disputed. For many authors, catheter contamination results from poor aseptic technic during insertion or removal or from the descent of organisms along the catheter from the skin puncture site; we think with Michel that endogenous colonization of the thrombus at the tip of the catheter must be considered: a statistical correlation between infected foci remote from the catheter allows this hypothesis; tracheostomy may be considered as well as a percutaneous contaminant as a deep infected focus. The correlation between non specific immunity and contamination is another finding which allows the ability of endogenous colonization. PMID- 7305041 TI - [Low dose morphine epidural anaesthesia. Diagnostic and prognostic interest. 492 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Low dose morphine epidurals (0.5 to 4 mg) provide a good way of controlling either per or postoperative pain (210 cases) or chronic, somatic, intractable pain (282 cases). Selective and metameric medullar hypoalgesia is induced at a level which varies with the level of injection. There is an acquired tolerance which restricts the use of such injections to the short-term monitoring of somatic pain. In other types of psychogenic and deafferentiation pain, there is little or no sedation, but there are maximum secondary dysphoric effects. The degree of combination of these dysphoric effects with hypoalgesia is of diagnostic interest of the type of pain involved, and of prognostic interest when both somatic and deafferentation pains are present. PMID- 7305042 TI - [Indications of analgesia with absolute alcohol or phenol for intractable pain in thoracic and abdominal cancerous pathology (author's transl)]. AB - This work analyzes the results of 88 blocks for intractable pain in thoracic and abdominal malignant diseases. Results and duration of analgesia are compared in regard to the localization of pain and to the use of alcohol or phenol. Best analgesic results are obtained in the pelvic pains and especially in the colorectal pains. The analgesic results and the duration of analgesia are poorer since the spinal nerves to block are higher, there are only 50 p. cent of good results in the thoracic region. Analgesic results are the same with alcohol or phenol, but duration of analgesia seems to be longer with phenol. The two routes of administration, subarachnoid or epidural, seem to give equal results. Motor paralysis of the bladder or the rectum may occur, especially in the low pelvic localizations and these complications justify careful selection of the indication. PMID- 7305043 TI - [Splanchnic nerve blocks by alcoholisation in pancreatico-solar hyperalgia of tumoral origin (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty-eight coelio-splanchnic nerve blocks by alcoholisation were done for thirty two patients at the regional Center of the Fight against Cancer at Montpellier for persistent neoplastic pain of the pancreatico-solar type. In 15 cases (46,6 p. cent), the pancreatico-solar syndrome is the initial sign of a primitive or secondary supra-mesocolic cancer. In 12 cases, the hyperalgic syndrome discloses the extension or recidive of the tumor. According to etiologies, the illnesses were as follows: --pancreatic neoplasias I or II: 13 cases, --hepato-biliary lesions I or II: 11 cases, --peritoneal carcinosis: 4 cases, --invasion of retro peritoneal nodes: 4 cases. Epigastric pain irradiating to the left para-vertebral area are resistant to analgesias; 95 p. cent of these patients received morphinic drugs for several days, if not weeks. The splanchnic nerves were reached by a posterior high lumbar injection according to the Kappis and Labat technic. A block with 2 p. cent lidocaine is immediately followed by alcoholisation by 99,8 p. cent ethanol. According to patient status, the blocks to the left and right were done at once or at several visits. The block by lidocaine gives immediate analgesia thereby indicating the proper placement of the injection. The coeliac alcoholisation assures the neurolysis of the splanchnic nerves. The antalgic effect lasts a variable time, averaging 42 days (varying from 2 to 240 days). The antalgic action always allows the discontinuation of morphinic drugs and increases the efficacy of minor analgesics, if necessary. All the same, 18/25 received morphine during their last few days before death. PMID- 7305044 TI - [Epidural opiates for relief of chronic pain (author's transl)]. AB - Epidural opiate application was performed in 75 patients with chronic pain due to abdominal cancer. To reduce the risk of local infection, the epidural catheter was in part placed subcutaneously. Degree and duration of analgesia were determined after epidural morphine (with and without bupivacaine), pethidine or fentanyl. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were measured and side-effects were registered. The longest duration of analgesia was observed after epidural morphine. In long-term treatment there was a reduced efficiency and the frequency of daily injections increased, especially in those patients who already had received systemic opiates prior to the epidural opiate administration. This may be due to tolerance of the spinal receptors. A combination of epidural morphine with small doses of local anesthetics caused prolonged action and delayed the onset of tolerance. Besides slight influences on respiratory function, which may be referred to the initial period of systemic absorption, there were no relevant side-effects. Regarding certain precautions the epidural application of morphine may have advantages in comparison to systemic analgetics in treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 7305045 TI - [Treatment of chronic pain in advanced malignant disease by oral morphine (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and one patients with terminal cancer suffering severe pains reluctant to other treatment have received morphine by mouth, in a regular regimen. The doses range between 5 and 60 mg every 4 hours. 71 p. cent of our patients have their pain alleviated without any side effect impeding the treatment. PMID- 7305046 TI - [Regional intravenous guanethidine for sympathetic block in algodystrophic syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report their experience with 35 guanethidine intravenous local injections in algodystrophic and neurotrophic syndromes. Although excellent results are obtained in post-traumatic algodystrophies which are treated early, they are less remarkable in long standing sequelae due to injuries of the nervous system, and where, at best, only an antalgic effect can be expected. PMID- 7305047 TI - [Pheochromocytoma and pregnancy. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - We found in the literature 119 cases of pheochromocytoma manifested during pregnancy and observed 2 personal cases. Pheochromocytoma and pregnancy show reciprocal influences. Unsuspected diagnosis is frequent and followed by a high maternal mortality. The tumor was surgically removed in 42 cases. There are two different attitudes: when diagnosed in early pregnancy, the tumor can be excised without delay although the foetal risk is high; when the diagnosis is made in the last trimester, foetal maturity has to be awaited to perform a combined caesarean section and excision of the tumor. PMID- 7305048 TI - [Lethal complication related to the per-operative insertion of a naso-gastric tube. A case (author's transl)]. AB - The patient who was operated on for the recurrence of a colic cancer had an unknown pituitary adenoma. The adenoma was destructing partly the anterior basis of the skull and was protruding in the nasal fossae. The naso-gastric tube entered without any difficulty the right cerebral hemisphere creating lethal cerebral lesions. Some reflexions determined by this very rare condition are discussed. PMID- 7305049 TI - [A new case of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica in a fifteen years old girl operated upon for pulmonary stenosis with a cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. AB - The authors encountered technical difficulties for the endotracheal intubation but neither laryngeal damage nor serious oropharyngeal lesions occurred after this intubation. The general evolution was favourable without specific trouble (cutaneous or infectious). The risk of intubation was reexamined from the recent literature. It is generally believed that there is a tendency for the skin to become more resistant to the formation of bullae as the afflicted children grow older. So, when another disease sets vital prognosis in action, major surgical operations can be performed and more especially as the average length of life is now increasing for these patients. PMID- 7305050 TI - [Acute intermittent porphyria and general anesthesia]. PMID- 7305051 TI - The use of a selected ion monitoring technique to study the disposition of bupivacaine in mother, fetus, and neonate following epidural anesthesia for cesarean section. AB - It is well known that the concentration of bupivacaine in umbilical cord blood at birth is low compared with the concentration in maternal blood. It is not clear whether this low fetal/maternal ratio (F/M) is due to decreased placental transfer or increased uptake by fetal tissues. The purposes of this study were to develop an appropriate analytic method and to clarify this issue by studying the disposition of bupivacaine in mother, fetus and neonate following epidural anesthesia. The study population included 14 parturients who were delivered by Cesarean section, and their infants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques were developed which could simultaneously determine bupivacaine and its metabolite 2,6-pipecolylxylidine (PPX) in maternal, fetal and neonatal body fluids to less than 4 ng/ml. The results indicate several points: First, that bupivacaine and PPX remain detectable in neonatal blood for at least three days. Second, that plasma levels of PPX decrease more slowly in mother and neonate than bupivacaine. Also, both mother an neonate excrete primarily PPX in urine, but a higher percentage of unchanged bupivacaine is excreted by the neonate. Finally, urinary excretion of PPX by the neonate remains relatively constant during the first 48 h of life. In contrast, the mother excretes the highest amount of PPX between 12-24 h postpartum. The persistence of bupivacaine and PPX in neonatal body fluids suggests that the low F/M ratio of bupavacaine at birth is due to considerable uptake of bupivacaine by fetal tissues and is not due to diminished placental transfer. PMID- 7305052 TI - Anticoagulation following placement of epidural and subarachnoid catheters: an evaluation of neurologic sequelae. AB - The incidence of neurologic complications arising from anticoagulant therapy, following epidural and subarachnoid catheterization in 3,164 and 847 patients, respectively, was determined. Twenty patients experienced minor neurologic complications or low back pain which was self-limiting and resolved with time. There was no incidence of peridural hematoma leading to spinal cord compression. This investigation shows that the occurrence of symptomatic hematomas following anticoagulation in patients with epidural or subarachnoid catheters is a very rare complication, assuming proper patient selection, an atraumatic technique, and appropriate monitoring of anticoagulant activity. PMID- 7305053 TI - Platelet aggregation in patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 7305054 TI - Evaluation of instrumented force platform as a test to measure residual effects of anesthetics. AB - Recovery from anesthesia was assessed in a controlled manner in 38 healthy student volunteers, using two psychomotor tests (perceptual speed and tapping board) and an instrumented force platform 1, 3, 5 and 7 h after intravenous injection of 0.3 mg/kg diazepam, 2.0 mg/kg methohexital, 6.0 mg/kg thiopental or saline. Postural stability remained unaltered but the performance on psychomotor tests improved when the tests were repeated after saline injection. Methohexital did not induce any changes in body sway or psychomotor performance at the time periods tested when compared with saline. Postural stability of subjects receiving thiopental or diazepam was imparied (P less than 0.001) for 1 and 7 hours after anesthesia, respectively, when compared with saline. The impairment on performance in the psychomotor tests induced by thiopental or diazepam was of smaller magnitude and for diazepam of shorter duration than balance disturbances measured with the body sway tests. Further clinical studies on the use of the instrumented force platform as a fast and easily interpretable guideline for discharge from hospital after different modes of outpatient anesthesia are warranted. PMID- 7305055 TI - A rapid, semi-automated method for determining dibucaine numbers. AB - Determination of the dibucaine number of serum permits the differentiation of genetically normal serum cholinesterase from the dibucaine-resistant variant. This communication presents a method for the rapid determination of dibucaine numbers on an automated analyzer that is in widespread use. With this method, dibucaine numbers for seventy-eight normal, four heterozygous, and five dibucaine resistant sera were 79 +/- 3,60 +/- 10, and 20 +/- 3 (+/- SD), respectively. There was good agreement between the original method and the automated method with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 on split sample comparison of thirty-eight normal, four heterozygous, and five abnormal sera. Advantages of this method over the original include the lack of need for advance preparation and that it can provide results within one-half hour of phlebotomy. PMID- 7305056 TI - Endotracheal tube cuff residual volume and lateral wall pressure in a model trachea. AB - The authors constructed a D-shaped tracheal model with an elastic posterior wall, thus simulating normal tracheal anatomy more closely than previous models. The performance of 9-10 tracheal tube cuffs, of 2-3 different tube sizes (7.0-10.0 mm, ID), from six different manufacturers were tested in the model. Cuff residual volumes ranged from 1.78 to 27.35 ml. Cuff pressure and lateral wall pressures exerted by the cuff on the model were measured at the time a seal was achieved which just prevented leakage of water past the cuff. When a seal was achieved with a volume of air in the cuff less than cuff residual volume, wall pressure tended to be low (less than 35 torr) and cuff pressure closely approximated wall pressure. There was no relationship between cuff brands in the wall pressure required to effect a seal in the model. The authors conclude that intratracheal tubes should have cuffs with large residual volumes. This would permit some latitude in tube size selection while ensuring that a seal could be achieved before the cuff is inflated to its residual volume. PMID- 7305057 TI - Clinical report of the occurrence of an intracerebral hemorrhage following post lumbar puncture headache. PMID- 7305058 TI - Tension pneumothorax during pediatric bronchoscopy. PMID- 7305059 TI - The components of an effective test dose prior to epidural block. PMID- 7305060 TI - Pulmonary hemorrhage from pulmonary artery catheterization treated with endobronchial intubation. PMID- 7305061 TI - The dose response of intravenous thiopental for the induction of general anesthesia in unpremedicated children. PMID- 7305062 TI - Shivering during epidural analgesia in women in labor. PMID- 7305063 TI - Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) as an index for nitrous oxide use during coronary artery surgery. PMID- 7305064 TI - Hazard of automatic noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. PMID- 7305065 TI - Seizures induced by methohexital. PMID- 7305066 TI - Recovery from general anesthesia in obese patients. PMID- 7305067 TI - A new value for the solubility of nitrous oxide in olive oil. PMID- 7305068 TI - [Parasite-host relations of babesiae as a cause of disease in animals]. PMID- 7305070 TI - [Distribution of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Schwerin district]. PMID- 7305069 TI - [Development of African ticks Ornithodoros moubata during in vitro rearing]. AB - The suitability of in vitro-feeding for the laboratory rearing of Ornithodoros moubata Murray was tested by the development of about 3,000 first-stage nymphs to the adult stage. At intervals of 3 to 4 weeks defibrinated blood of sheep was fed to the ticks through a parafilm "M" membrane on an electric hot plate. On average 61% of the ticks were found engorged after the feeding. The highest rate of about 78% in the first nymphal stage decreased to about 45% in the fifth. The increase was highest in the second and third stages and lowest in the fifth. The total survival rate in this experiment was about 46%. Losses by the feeding could be reduced by means of some improvements in the experiment. PMID- 7305071 TI - Digestive system of poultry lice Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera). AB - The alimentary canal of Lipeurus lawrensis tropicalis Peters has the three typical regions but differs from that of other species of Mallophaga in some respect. The posterior region of the mid-gut is slightly broader in female than in male. The mid-gut was found to have higher epithelium not in the anterior two thirds but in the anterior one-third and in the posterior one-third part. The epithelium is higher and convoluted in the anterior part of the hind-gut region and is greatly reduced in its posterior part. The salivary apparatus consists of a pair of salivary glands and ducts, a pair of salivary reservoirs and ducts and a salivarium. Four long blind Malpighian tubules, one dorsal, one ventral and two lateral, arise from the junction of mid- and hind-gut. Each is divisible into three distinct parts in both sexes and is without any pigmentation. PMID- 7305072 TI - [Morphology of Pleurinirmus phylloscopus and Menacanthus sp., 2 mallophagas of Phylloscopus collybita in Spain]. PMID- 7305073 TI - [Deviations in number and location of ciliary flame cells in furcocercariae]. PMID- 7305075 TI - Racially specific reference standards for commonly performed spirometric measurements for black and white children, ages 9-18 years. PMID- 7305074 TI - Abnormal immunologic measurements in asthmatic children and adults. AB - Several immunologic measurements were evaluated in 128 asthmatic patients (81 pediatric and 47 adults) in an effort to examine the question of altered cell mediated immunity in asthmatics. Both pediatric and adult patients showed alterations in some but not all measurements. The results indicate that there are differences among subgroups of asthmatics and in some cases between pediatric and adult patients. PMID- 7305076 TI - Objective assessment of chest configuration in children with asthma or cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7305077 TI - A summary of the pharmacology and toxicology of albuterol (Proventil). PMID- 7305078 TI - Acute effects of albuterol aerosol in reversible obstructive airway disease. PMID- 7305079 TI - Safety and efficacy of albuterol aerosol in the relief of bronchospasm. PMID- 7305080 TI - The lack of tachyphylaxis following prolonged therapy of asthma with inhaled albuterol aerosol. PMID- 7305081 TI - Maximizing spirometry in reversible airways diseases. PMID- 7305082 TI - Pulmonary function and airways resistance studies on chronic stabilized asthma: comparison of acute and long-term effects of albuterol and isoproterenol aerosols. PMID- 7305083 TI - The use of albuterol for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm. PMID- 7305084 TI - Worldwide experience with albuterol (salbutamol). PMID- 7305085 TI - [Tissular collagen polymerization (author's transl)]. AB - The type of collagen reticulation exerts an influence on biological, physiological and mechanical properties of tissues, thus the utility of its study. Chemical techniques allow both localization and evaluation of levels and origin (Schiff base or aldol) of reducible bonds in collagen. Physical techniques allow evaluation of the thermolability or thermostability, as well as the degree of collagen reticulation in a given tissue for all collagen bridges. Results by these methods have shown that the mode of tissular collagen reticulation evolves from the embryonic phase to senescence, the rate varying as a function of the tissue and species of the donor. Thus, during tissular reparation, the newly formed collagen network itself undergoes transformations. Cicatricial tissue thus gives rise to an anisotropic zone in particular in terms of mechanical properties, in the organ. This can have grave pathological consequences. In addition to these wide areas of study, a certain number of specific diseases, frequently genetic, show pathological changes in collagen polymerization, the molecular mechanisms for which are now becoming better known. PMID- 7305086 TI - [Cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol determination in blood by high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 7305087 TI - [Hemolysis and plasma proteins (author's transl)]. AB - Simultaneous assay of haptoglobulin, hemopexin and orosomucoid allowed detection and quantification of intravascular hemolysis with or without inflammatory reactions. In cases of intravascular or extravascular hemolysis, the concentration of plasma haptoglobulin is greatly diminished, this generally being accompanied by an increase in free bilirubin. This last characteristic allows differentiation from intravascular hemolysis where the free bilirubin concentration remain normal. PMID- 7305088 TI - [Recent data concerning abnormal hemoglobins (author's transl)]. AB - The study of abnormal hemoglobins was oriented towards three criteria as a function of commonly encountered clinical problems : differentiation between frequent, relatively infrequent and exceptional hemoglobins ; systematic study of high-risk ethnic groups and isolated discoveries ; silent hemoglobinopathies and those accompanied by physiopathological repercussions such as hemolytic anemia, disturbance in oxygen transport and cyanosis. The chronology and rationale for these studies was discussed, with particular attention being given both to normalized baseline measures and to the new, high-resolution techniques such as isoelectric focalization. No attempt was made to provide an exhaustive list, but rather examples were provided illustrating the various points considered. Finally, a number of particular points are brought up to where a correctly made diagnosis can avoid the necessity of subjecting patients to long and possibly dangerous tests. PMID- 7305089 TI - [Structural basis for the functional properties of hemoglobin (author's transl)]. AB - Functional properties of tetrameric HbA are schematically described in this short review. After considering the various structures of the protein and its binding with heme, an attempt is made to explain the influence of this structure on the affinity of Hb for oxygen, cooperative binding of oxygen, and the alkaline Bohr effect. Fixation of erythrocytic anions (chlorine and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate) modulate certain intrinsic properties, allowing the Hb molecule to provide for efficacious transport of oxygen between the environment and the metabolically active tissues. PMID- 7305090 TI - [Glycosylation of hemoglobin and the minor hemoglobins : techniques and diagnostic study (author's transl)]. AB - Hemoglobin Alc is the result of non-enzymatic binding of a glucose molecule at the NH2 terminal of the beta chain. Assay of glycosylated hemoglobin is of great utility for the control efficacity of antidiabetic treatments, since such levels provide the clinician with an excellent index of glucose metabolism over the weeks preceding the assay. Methods proposed for this assay include isoelectric focalization, colorimetric assays during thio-barbituric acid and especially, cation exchange chromatography. When automated, this last technique allows selective assay of Hb Alc and appears to provide the most accurate results. Certain causes of error must nevertheless be considered, in particular more rapid turnover of the erythrocytic population and the presence of Hb F which, in all chromatographic techniques, is eluted along with Hb Alc. PMID- 7305091 TI - Commission on "Reference Values". Production of reference values in healthy subjects (document G, stage 3, version 1). PMID- 7305092 TI - Nasogastric tube displacement to the right as a sign of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. AB - A study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of nasogastric tube (NGT) displacement to the right as a sign of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta (ATRTA). In 14 patients with confirmed ATRTA, the sensitivity of NGT displacement to the right was 70% using measurement of displacement from the midline on chest radiography. Two control groups, comprising victims of vehicular trauma and patients with no recent history of trauma, showed significant percentages of false positive findings for ATRTA based on NGT displacement. The presence of this radiographic sign is highly suspicious for this lethal injury; however, the absence of displacement cannot be used to exclude the diagnosis of ATRTA. PMID- 7305093 TI - The potential for drug interactions. AB - To study the problem of drug interactions in an emergency department, a microcomputer was programmed to identify the potentially adverse enhancements and antagonistic interactions of drugs in a randomly chosen group of 355 patients who were currently taking or were administered two or more medications. Interactions were present in 57 patients (16%), with an incidence ranging from 5.6% for those taking two drugs to 100% for those taking seven drugs. From the total of 76 potential drug interactions identified, 69 involved one of only 10 drugs, and 15 interactions (20%) appeared to be potential clinical significant. To supplement the computer program and educational sessions, a common drug interaction table was developed, accounting for 90% of the potential drug interactions seen in our emergency department. PMID- 7305094 TI - Automatic disposable stapling devices for wound closure. PMID- 7305095 TI - Computerized triage of pediatric patients: automated triage algorithms. AB - Pediatric triage algorithms which were prospectively and retrospectively validated in a pediatric acute care facility serve as the basis for the development of a simplified pediatric triage checklist. This checklist is used by minimally trained nonprofessionals to assign safely the care urgency categories of the chief complaints of pediatric "walk-in" patients. This article describes the background of the pediatric triage checklist and its adaptation to a computerized triage system. This system not only allows for safe triage, but also creates a mechanism for rapid, organized retrieval of data from individual and group patient triage encounters that is useful for the study and planning of health care delivery. PMID- 7305096 TI - Use of a drinking straw in teaching external jugular caval catheterization. PMID- 7305097 TI - Traumatic splenic rupture adjacent to a subcostal cardiac pacemaker. PMID- 7305098 TI - Pneumomediastinum as a cause of dysphagia and pseudodysphagia. PMID- 7305099 TI - Adult scurvy. AB - Scurvy was diagnosed in two elderly alcoholic men in our emergency department. Both were ambulatory and had perifollicular petechiae and ecchymoses of the lower extremities and hypertrophic erythematous gingival lesions. There diets were deficient in fresh fruits and vegetables. Treatment with oral ascorbic acid resulted in dramatic resolution of the signs and symptoms. The first patient was admitted to the hospital, where extensive diagnostic studies failed to reveal other etiological explanations for the cutaneous lesions. The second patient was successfully treated as an outpatient. PMID- 7305100 TI - Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. PMID- 7305101 TI - Vietnam in context. PMID- 7305102 TI - Trauma center development. PMID- 7305103 TI - "Handcuff neuropathy". PMID- 7305104 TI - Penetrating head injury. PMID- 7305105 TI - The relationship of serum immunoglobulin E to cigarette smoking. AB - Data from adults enrolled in a general population study in Tucson, Arizona, indicated that smokers have higher serum IgE concentrations than nonsmokers, despite a lower rate of allergy skin test reactivity, at least after 35 yr of age. After 15 yr of age there was a significant decline in serum IgE with age in both allergy skin test positive and skin test negative nonsmokers but no significant age decline was noted in similar groups of smokers. Ex-smokers showed a decline in serum IgE concentrations since quitting cigarettes. Also, the marked increase in geometric mean IgE that was seen in nonsmokers during the spring was not observed in smokers. The data suggested that smoking leads, directly or indirectly, to an increase in serum IgE and that this excess IgE may be qualitatively different from that seen in nonsmokers. Possible mechanisms for the effect are discussed. The observations raised the possibility that some of the adverse health effects of smoking might be immunologically mediated. PMID- 7305106 TI - Inhibition by vasoactive intestinal peptide of glycoconjugate and lysozyme secretion by human airways in vitro. AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were analyzed on the in vitro release of radioactively labeled mucus glycoconjugates and lysozyme by explants of human bronchial mucosa from normal subjects and from patients with chronic bronchitis. These effects were compared with the effects of VIP on the discharge of labeled macromolecules (analyzed by quantitative autoradiography) from mucous and serous cells of the airway submucosal glands. In explants of 9 mucosal specimens of normal airways, VIP (10 ng to 1 micrograms/ml) caused a dose dependent inhibition of baseline and methacholine-stimulated release of both glycoconjugates and lysozyme. At a concentration (1 micrograms/ml) that caused maximal inhibition of glycoconjugate and lysozyme release, VIP also caused a small inhibition of baseline but not methacholine-induced discharge of labeled macromolecules from mucous and serous cells of the submucosal glands. In explants from 5 patients with chronic bronchitis, VIP did not inhibit baseline or methacholine-stimulated glycoconjugate release and mucous or serous cell discharge, even at doses greater than 1 micrograms/ml. By contrast, VIP did inhibit baseline and methacholine-stimulated release of lysozyme, but this was less marked than in explants of normal airways. In view of the proximity of neurons containing VIP to submucosal gland cells, this study supported the hypothesis that VIP may contribute to the neurohumoral regulation of mucus secretion by the human airway. It was evident, however, that the effects of VIP could not be accounted for in terms of inhibiting cell discharge alone. In chronic bronchitis, the reduction or absence of sensitivity to VIP inhibition suggests a functional difference in the regulation of mucus secretion, which may contribute to mucus hypersecretion. PMID- 7305107 TI - Effect of inspiratory flow rate on gas exchange during mechanical ventilation. AB - We studied the effect of changes in inspiratory flow rate (VI) on gas exchange and respiratory system mechanics during mechanical ventilation. Seven patients with respiratory failure caused by severe chronic airway obstruction (CAO group) and 6 patients with other causes of respiratory failure (ORF group) were studied at 3 VI settings, 40 L/min, 70 L/min, and 100 L/min. In the CAO group, as VI increased from 40 L/min to 100 L/min, arterial oxygen tension increased 18%, venous admixture decreased 23.2%, dead space to tidal volume ratio decreased 23.7%, and tidal compliance of the respiratory system increased 31.2%. In the ORF group, as VI increased, there was little change in most parameters measured. The changes in the CAO group may be explained by redistribution of ventilation to low ventilation-perfusion ratio units, which empty more completely during the longer expiratory times allowed at high VI. Using a simple two-compartment lung model we determined that an increase in expiratory time from 4.2 to 6.1 s (the increase observed in the CAO group as VI increased from 40 L/min to 100 L/min) will result in redistribution of ventilation to long expiratory time constant respiratory units and produce changes in lung mechanics and gas exchange similar to those observed experimentally. We concluded that mechanical ventilation at high VI in patients with CAO is associated with improvement in gas exchange and more even distribution of ventilation, which appear to be due to the increased time available for alveolar emptying. PMID- 7305108 TI - The immotile cilia syndrome. A longitudinal survey. PMID- 7305109 TI - Vascular effects of cigarette smoke in isolated pig lungs. AB - To determine the local effects of cigarette smoke on the pulmonary vasculature, we measured pulmonary artery pressure--flow curves in isolated, blood-perfused pig lungs before and after 4 exposures to cigarette smoke. During each exposure, smoke was administered into the trachea for 3 to 4 min at a rate of 20 to 25 puffs/min and a puff volume of 35 to 50 ml with a smoking machine. During hypoxia (inspired PO2, 50 mmHg), when baseline vasomotor tone was high, cigarette smoke caused an acute transient vasodilation. During control (inspired PO2, 200 mmHg), when baseline tone was low, no significant effect was observed. In addition to this acute effect, cigarette smoke caused a depression of the pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia, which developed gradually during the course of the experiment. Indomethacin, at perfusate concentrations of 20 and 100 micrograms/ml, did not significantly alter the acute vasodilating effect of smoking, suggesting that prostaglandins synthesized by cyclooxygenase were not the mediators of this response. Indomethacin did, however, prevent the gradual depression of the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia. PMID- 7305110 TI - Phage typing of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex. AB - Because of the need for additional criteria for characterizing strains of the M. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex the practicality of phage typing was examined. We developed a satisfactory method for plaque assays with these organisms using the soft-agar overlay technique with Dubos oleic acid-albumen agar. Cells were cultured in 7H9 broth enriched with oleic acid-albumen complex and glycerol. A number of available phages and 2 phages recently isolated from soil were tested for their ability to infect various MAIS strains. Phages AN9, AN3, AN1-8, D302, VA6, VC3, D32, JF1, JF2, JF3, and JF4 were selected for preliminary typing. All of the phages were propagated on M. smegmatis. Sixty-one MAIS strains having 29 different serotypes were tested and 33 were sensitive to at least 1 phage. Of 17 M. avium strains (serotypes 1, 2, and 3), 16 were phage sensitive. Considerable diversity in patterns of phage lysis was observed, and the patterns of lysis did not coincide with serotype. Although we do not yet have a formal phage typing scheme, our results indicated that the MAIS strains are suitable for phage typing. PMID- 7305111 TI - Perception of changes in airflow resistance in obstructive pulmonary disorders. PMID- 7305112 TI - Abnormal inspiratory flow-volume curves in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. AB - Although flow-volume curves are valuable in detecting extrathoracic airway obstruction, their role in testing patients with sleep-disordered breathing is undefined. To determine whether patients with sleep-disordered breathing have abnormal flow-volume curves consistent with variable extrathoracic obstruction, 60 subjects referred with suspected sleep disorders prospectively underwent spirometry and assessment of flow-volume curves. These tests were interpreted independent of the outcome of polysomnography. Fourteen of 35 subjects (40%) with sleep-disordered breathing had abnormal flow-volume curves consistent with variable extrathoracic airway obstruction, and 2 of 25 (8%) with no breathing disorder had extrathoracic obstruction (p less than 0.02). The presence of extrathoracic airway obstruction in subjects with mixed or obstructive sleep apnea did not correlate with age, the presence of snoring, excessive daytime hypersomnolence, obesity, or the severity of sleep apnea. Abnormal flow-volume curves were found more frequently in women who had no obvious structural upper airway abnormality. Because of the high specificity (92%) of the flow-volume curve, the finding of extrathoracic obstruction in patients with a history consistent with sleep-disordered breathing substantially increases the likelihood that sleep apnea is present. PMID- 7305113 TI - The validity of the transcutaneous oxygen tension method in children with cardiorespiratory problems. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) was continuously monitored and compared with simultaneous arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in 68 patients 1.5 to 23 yr of age (mean age, 7.7 yr) with cardiopulmonary disease. Two groups of patients were studied: (1) Patients during cardiac catheterization (56) in whom the PaO2 ranged from 34 to 98 mmHg (mean, 72.4 +/- 17 mmHg) and (2) patients in the Intensive Care Unit (12) in whom the PaO2 ranged from 54 to 158 mmHg (mean, 106 +/- 37 mmHg). Studies lasted for 30 to 210 min (mean, 80 +/- 33.4 min). The overall relation between tcPO2 and PaO2 in the 68 patients studied was r = 0.96 (p less than 0.001). These results indicated that tcPO2 measurement is a reliable method for assessing low as well as high PaO2 values in children and young adults without gross circulatory impairment. PMID- 7305114 TI - Thoracoscopy in malignant pleural effusions. AB - In a consecutive series of 1,000 patients admitted since 1970 for pleural effusions, 215 with undiagnosed chronic effusions (with previous negative cytologic and needle biopsy results) underwent thoracoscopy. The investigation was usually performed under general anesthesia, originally with a 9-mm diameter cold light laparoscope, but, since 1978, with a 7-mm diameter thoracoscope of our design with biopsy forceps connected to a diathermocoagulating device. Thoracoscopy diagnosed 131 of 150 malignant effusions in the series. We observed no false positive results. A repeat pleural cytology and needle biopsy performed the day before thoracoscopy yielded only 41% positive results. The higher yield by our new thoracoscope (97% positive results, versus 78% with the laparoscope) can be accounted for by a better visualization of the pleural space, easier handling of biopsy material, and the systematic use of diathermocoagulation. Complications were rare, minor, and not life-threatening. PMID- 7305115 TI - Early bedside detection of pulmonary vascular occlusion during acute respiratory failure. PMID- 7305116 TI - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by pigeon breeding at a high altitude (2,240 meters). Hemodynamic behavior of pulmonary circulation. AB - The hemodynamic characteristics of the pulmonary circulation were examined in 10 patients with proved extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by pigeons (EAA-P) raised at a high altitude. All patients had lung biopsies that showed an interstitial inflammatory response with vascular lesions. At rest, all patients had mean pulmonary pressures (PAP) greater than 16 mmHg; the average PAP was 22 +/- 12 mmHg for the whole group. Pulmonary vascular resistance was high and the mean for the whole group was 225 +/- 25 d.s.cm-5. The pulmonary artery diastolic pulmonary wedge pressure (PAd-PWP) difference was elevated and averaged 8.5 +/- 2 mmHg. All patients were hypoxemic with elevated AaDO2. With exercise, both PAP and PAd-PWP increased abnormally. While breathing oxygen (FIO2, 99.6%) PAP decreased an average of 7 mmHg (p less than 0.05) and PAd-PWP decreased an average of 5 mmHg (p less than 0.05) without a significant change in PWP. The calculated compliance of the elastic pulmonary arteries in EAA-P was not different from that in normal subjects. Alveolar hypoxia produced mainly by EAA-P and presumably enhanced by living at a high altitude appeared to be the factors in the genesis of pulmonary hypertension, because pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and PAd-PWP difference were correlated with arterial oxygen saturation. PMID- 7305117 TI - Emphysema-like changes in the lungs of starved rats. AB - We examined the effects of starvation on lung structure in rats allowed only one fifth of their measured daily food consumption until they lost 40% of their initial body weight, and evaluated volume-pressure relationships in saline-filled lungs, lung morphometric and connective tissue morphologic features and lung ultrastructure by scanning electron microscopy. Compared with rats fed full rations, the volume-pressure curve was shifted upward and to the left and the chord compliance was significantly increased. In the starved rats, enlargement of air spaces and alveolar wall destruction was associated with a significant increase in mean linear intercept and a decrease in internal surface area. Elastic fibers appeared short, irregular, and fewer in number in starved lungs. Scanning electron microscopy showed enlarged air spaces, thin, irregular, and effaced alveolar walls, and an increased number and size of interalveolar pores in the starved group. We concluded that starvation results in mechanical and morphologic changes in the lung similar to those seen in emphysema, and that starved lung may be a useful experimental model for the study of emphysema. PMID- 7305118 TI - Pathologic and physiologic effects of aspiration of hydrocarbons in the rat. AB - In a series of laboratory rats, pathologic and physiologic changes of the lungs were studied for 2 wk after intratracheal instillation of kerosene. The ratio of lung weight to body weight increased, indicating pulmonary congestion. Pathologically, 2 types of changes were seen: a generalized hyperemia and a focal bronchopneumonia. Physiologically there was an upward shift to the left of the static pressure-volume curve, with increases in total lung capacity of 35 to 40%. This was true whether air or saline was used as the inflating medium. All the changes described were maximal by 24 h after kerosene instillation and tended to return to baseline within 2 wk. Although static compliance of the lung increased, when normalized for total lung capacity there was no change, indicating that the shift was functionally equivalent to opening new lung units. We speculate that the leftward shift in the pressure-volume curve was due either to a reversible effect on lung elastin, or to changes in contractile elements located in lung parenchyma. PMID- 7305119 TI - The distribution of dust mite allergen in the houses of patients with asthma. AB - Using an inhibition radioimmunoassay for the major allergen from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (antigen P1), we studied the distribution of this dust allergen in the houses of patients with asthma. Both bed and floor dust samples contained a wide range of antigen P1, 100 to 100,000 ng/g of fine dust, and this concentration correlated well with the number of mite bodies (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). We were unable to detect antigen P1 in the air of undisturbed rooms. However, during domestic activity, between 1 and 30 ng were collected on a filter than sampled air for 45 min at 17 L/min. Using a cascade impactor it was shown that greater than 80% of the airborne antigen P1 was associated with particles greater than 10 mu in diameter. Some of the particles containing allergen could be identified because they formed precipitin rings when impacted onto agarose containing rabbit antimite antiserum. These particles had the physical appearance of mite feces, which are the major source of antigen P1 in mite cultures. The results suggested that natural exposure to this dust allergen allows occasional fecal particles to enter the lungs and that these particles contain very concentrated allergen. PMID- 7305120 TI - Bronchiolitis and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7305121 TI - Respiratory failure in malignant histiocytosis. AB - A 29-yr-old man with a fever of several days duration developed rapidly progressive bilateral lung disease with respiratory failure. An open lung biopsy showed extensive acute lung injury with atypical cells, but was not diagnostic. Subsequent cervical lymph node biopsy was consistent with malignant histiocytosis. There was a brief response to chemotherapy, but respiratory failure progressed. He died 34 days after hospital admission. Autopsy revealed extensive neoplastic involvement of both lungs as well as the spleen, cervical, mediastinal, and upper abdominal lymph nodes. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of malignant histiocytosis presenting primarily in the lung and progressing rapidly to respiratory failure. The possibility that this represents a neoplasm of the pulmonary macrophages is discussed. PMID- 7305122 TI - A simple pneumotachograph for qualitative monitoring of respiration and detection of apnea. PMID- 7305123 TI - Bronchoalveolar fibronectin in smokers and nonsmokers. PMID- 7305124 TI - Short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis--a story of flawed studies. PMID- 7305125 TI - Ascitic and pleural fluids in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. PMID- 7305126 TI - American Thoracic Society. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Pulmonary rehabilitation. PMID- 7305127 TI - Complications associated with EEA stapler in performance of low anterior resections. PMID- 7305128 TI - Management of peripheral vascular trauma. PMID- 7305129 TI - Adriamycin in management of malignant hemangiopericytoma. PMID- 7305130 TI - Experimental study of hepatic, renal, and splenic wound healing following laser, diathermy, and scalpel incisions. PMID- 7305131 TI - Delayed stenosing intimal fibrosis proximal to transbrachial arterial catheterization site: report of two cases. PMID- 7305132 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma protruding from chest wall in an asymptomatic patient. PMID- 7305133 TI - Management of ureteral obstruction secondary to prior aortic bypass grafts. PMID- 7305134 TI - Fatal complications in surgery for biliary calculi. AB - A retrospective review of the deaths in 2877 consecutive operations for biliary calculus disorders was directed at defining the high-risk factors in operations for stone disease. A correctable factor in biliary operative mortality relates to errors in differential diagnosis and iatrogenic technical errors that result in hemorrhage, anastomotic leaks, duodenal injuries, and the tardy recognition and treatment of postoperative intraabdominal sepsis. A less manageable problem is the patient over 70 with advanced heart disease and/or diabetes, who presents with acute biliary sepsis. The combination of circumstances puts the individual at great risk, albeit there is no present alternative to surgery. PMID- 7305135 TI - Role of 131Cs scan in preoperative diagnosis of nonfunctioning thyroid nodules. AB - The role of 131Cs scan in the preoperative diagnosis of cancer was evaluated in 355 patients with either cold or nonfunctioning thyroid nodules. Nodules were classified as positive, doubtful or negative by the pattern of isotope accumulation. Among 234 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, malignant lesions were found in 10.2 per cent of cases. All carcinomas but one found during surgery had been classified as positive by radiocesium scan and were considered as highly suspicious preoperatively; one carcinoma and two papillary adenomas had been classified doubtful and considered presumably malignant. False-positive nodules were found. However, we did not document histologically malignant lesions in nodules which were classified as negative by radiocesium uptake. The routine use of 131Cs scanning may be very useful in patients with cold or nonfunctioning thyroid nodules because of its high sensitivity in excluding malignant lesions. PMID- 7305136 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: a pleomorphic disease. PMID- 7305137 TI - Intrasplenic abscess: two case reports and review of the literature. AB - The occurrence of splenic abscess, sickle cell trait, and drug addiction is described in two patients. The coincidence of sickle cell disease and drug addiction in the possible etiology of splenic abscess should be noted. The first patient had a splenic abscess in the inferior pole of the spleen with signs and symptoms of left upper quadrant peritoneal irritation. The second patient had an intrasplenic abscess in the superior pole with pleuritic type chest pain and large left pleural effusion. In both cases, the upper gastrointestinal series was of aid in establishing the diagnosis. In one case, a splenic scan was helpful. Clostridium perfringens were cultured from the abscess of one patient; and Clostridium species, Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes were cultured from the other. Both patients were successfully treated with splenectomy and drainage of the splenic bed. PMID- 7305138 TI - Permanent transvenous pacing: fewer reoperations with new lead. PMID- 7305139 TI - Chordomas: diagnosis and management. AB - Six patients with chordomas, five in the sacral and one in the craniocervical region, are reported along with review of the literature. Two of the patients treated with radiation for macroscopic tumor had palliation of their symptoms and an apparent prolongation of survival. Two other patients with sacral chordomas had resection of the gross tumor and radiation due to inadequate proximal margins. They both remain free of recurrence at 2.5 and 5 years, respectively, suggesting the potential usefulness of combination of modalities in the management of these tumors. PMID- 7305140 TI - Coumadin-induced breast necrosis. AB - A case of coumadin necrosis of the breast is presented. Most patients with this entity are obese, middle-aged females who have been treated with oral anticoagulants for three to five days for thrombophlebitis or peripheral arterial embolization. The key to therapy is early diagnosis and clinical differentiation from subcutaneous hemorrhage--a disease which is self-limited, nonprogressive, and treatable when anticoagulant therapy is either discontinued or reversed with vitamin K. Surgical debridement or simple mastectomy is generally necessary in those cases where necrosis is present. PMID- 7305141 TI - Preservation of an infected arterial graft with combination systemic-topical antibiotic therapy. AB - A case is presented which illustrates the unusual ability to retain a bifurcation aortofemoral vascular graft with the graft-to-femoral-artery anastomosis involved in a groin abscess. The drainage of the abscess, debridement of devitalized tissue, and the combined application of topical and systemic antibiotic therapy was successful. Some authors report that should an anastomosis of a bifurcation vascular graft, in the vicinity of the groin, become involved in infection, the threat of anastomotic disruption and continued sepsis may lead to amputation, death, or both. It is not the purpose of this report to advocate conservative management of a vascular graft infection with suture line involvement based on anecdotal experience. However, the case reported here and the experience of other authors mentioned suggest that an attempt to treat an infected graft without its removal may be indicated in selected patients where extra anatomical revascularization would be hazardous. PMID- 7305142 TI - Management of the pregnant patient with Hodgkin's disease. AB - Fifteen pregnant women with Hodgkin's disease were followed. Five patients had irradiation, 1000 to 3000 rad to the neck, mediastinum, or both, during the second or third trimester with normal outcome of pregnancy. One patient had a spontaneous abortion in the first trimester after radiotherapy of 4400 rad to the breast, an estimated fetal dose of 9 rad. One patient who received chlorambucil throughout pregnancy delivered a normal infant. Six patients had therapeutic abortions; one had early induction of labor. In one patient previously treated for supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease, detection of a supradiaphragmatic relapse was delayed because of pregnancy. We recommend abortion for patients who develop Hodgkin's disease early in pregnancy or who have received chemotherapy or irradiation during the first trimester. During the latter half of pregnancy, asymptomatic disease may be closely followed but early delivery is recommended. Supradiaphragmatic, symptomatic disease can be treated with modified irradiation. For subdiaphragmatic, symptomatic, or extranodal disease, single-agent chemotherapy may be preferable. Treatment requires individualization to insure that the patient will be cured and the fetus protected. PMID- 7305143 TI - Safety of electrical cardioversion in patients without digitalis toxicity. AB - To ascertain whether electrical cardioversion increases ventricular ectopy in patients receiving nontoxic doses of digitalis, we recorded continuous electrocardiograms in 21 patients for at least 1 hour before and immediately after direct-current countershock. Seventeen patients also received specific antiarrhythmic therapy. There were no consistent differences in the frequency of severity of ventricular ectopy before and after cardioversion despite a wide range of serum digoxin levels (0.1 to 3.0 ng/mL; mean, 1.6 ng/mL). No patient had ventricular tachycardia after cardioversion, and all eight patients with serum digoxin levels greater than 2.0 ng/mL had the same or fewer ventricular ectopic beats per hour and the same or lower ectopy grades after cardioversion when pre- and postshock recordings were compared. These findings suggest that patients receiving digoxin without clinical evidence of digitalis toxicity are at low risk for serious postcardioversion ventricular arrhythmias, even when serum digoxin levels are modestly elevated. The extent to which this low risk is due to concomitant antiarrhythmic therapy is unknown PMID- 7305144 TI - Psychologically mediated effects of diagnostic tests. AB - Laboratory tests are purported to affect patients even if they have no diagnostic values. We tested this hypothesis by measuring clinical outcomes of 176 patients thought clinically to have nonspecific chest pain. They were randomly allocated either to have a routine electrocardiogram and serum creatine phosphokinase tests (test group) or to have all diagnostic tests withheld (no-test group). Fewer patients in the tests group (20%) reported short-term disability after the index visit than patients in the no-test group (46%) (p = 0.001). Logistic discriminant analysis confirmed that the use of diagnostic tests was an independent predictor of recovery. Patients in the test group felt that care was "better than usual" more often (57%) than patients in the no-test group (31%) (p = 0.001). After the index visit, the two groups were equally worried about serious disease and equally sparing in their use of other medial care for chest pain. PMID- 7305145 TI - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease in outpatients: association with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Among 830 women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted disease, Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 180 (22%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 84 (10%). Retrospective analysis showed that 43 of the women were given outpatient treatment for acute pelvic inflammatory disease because they had low abdominal pain, deep dyspareunia, or unusual vaginal bleeding, or all of these, for less than 2 months in association with cervical motion or adnexal tenderness, or both. None had adnexal masses. C. trachomatis was isolated from 22 and N. gonorrhoeae from 15 of this subgroup of 43 women. This presentation of pelvic inflammatory disease occurred in 10 of the 37 women in the whole study with both C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, 12 of 143 women with C. trachomatis alone, five of 47 women with N. gonorrhoeae alone, and 16 of 603 women with neither organism. Thus, in North America, C. trachomatis is associated with a syndrome usually diagnosed as mild pelvic inflammatory disease and managed on an outpatient basis. PMID- 7305146 TI - A cluster of Acinetobacter Pneumonia in foundry workers. AB - In a 3-month period, three men who had worked for 5 to 19 years as welders or grinders of steel castings in a foundry acquired pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus variety anitratus serotype 7J. Two of the men died, and postmortem examination showed mixed-dust pneumoconiosis with iron particles in the lungs. A calcoaceticus variety anitratus serotype 7J was isolated from the air in the foundry but the source was not found. The prevalence of antibody titers of 64 or greater to the 7J strain was significantly higher among foundry workers (15%) than among community controls (2%) (p less than 0.01). Sampling showed that the concentrations of total and metallic particles (especially iron) and of free silica in air inhaled by welders and grinders at the foundry frequently exceeded acceptable levels. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to such particles may increase susceptibility to infection by this organism, which rarely affects healthy people. PMID- 7305147 TI - Dihydroxyanthracenedione: a promising new drug in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. AB - Thirty-one patients who had metastatic breast cancer extensively pretreated with combination chemotherapy, including doxorubicin, were tested with dihydroxyanthracenedione, 3 to 4 mg/m2 body surface area daily for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. Of 27 evaluable patients, one achieved a complete response and five had partial responses. Furthermore, responses were seen in patients who were refractory to doxorubicin, indicating a lack of cross-resistance between doxorubicin and dihydroxyanthracenedione. Acute drug toxicity was insignificant except for severe granulocytopenia at the dose level of 4 mg/m2 . d. The median duration of remission had not been reached, but was more than 26 weeks, with four of the six responding patients still in remission at last follow-up. We believe that dihydroxyanthracenedione has significant activity against refractory metastatic breast cancer and further evaluation is warranted. PMID- 7305148 TI - Reduced titers of Hageman factor (factor XII) in Orientals. AB - Hageman factor (factor XII) is a procoagulant upon which the surface-mediated generation of fibrinolytic activity and kinin formation depends. We found that the clotpromoting activity and antigenic properties of Hageman factor were present in lower levels in the plasma of a small group of Oriental subjects than in that of American whites, whereas the levels of plasma prekallikrein (Fletcher factor), high-molecular-weight kininogen (Fitzgerald factor), and plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor XI) in plasma samples from Oriental subjects did not significantly differ from those from normal white subjects. In one family, there was an excess of plasma Hageman factor antigens with respect to functional activity. These findings stress the importance of defining the racial characteristics of subjects used to establish standards for clotting assays. PMID- 7305149 TI - Coagulopathy associated with hematin treatment for acute intermittent porphyria. AB - Hematin has been shown to be effective therapy for acute intermittent porphyria. Few complications have been found. We cared for a patient who developed a markedly prolonged prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombocytopenia, mild hypofibrinogenemia, mild elevation of fibrin split products, and a 10% fall in hematocrit while receiving hematin. No other cause for the coagulopathy could be found. The abnormal coagulation variables returned to normal when hematin was discontinued. Patients receiving hematin for acute intermittent porphyria should be closely observed for signs of coagulopathy. PMID- 7305150 TI - Spontaneous mediastinal hemorrhage in patients on chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 7305151 TI - Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome after intrapericardial corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 7305152 TI - Misleading hyponatremia due to hyperlipemia: a method-dependent error. PMID- 7305153 TI - Spironolactone hepatitis in primary hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 7305154 TI - Chronic dysphagia and trigeminal anesthesia after trichloroethylene exposure. PMID- 7305155 TI - Periodic health examination: a guide for designing individualized preventive health care in the asymptomatic patients. Medical Practice Committee, American College of Physicians. PMID- 7305156 TI - National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: VII. Residency and fellowship training 1976-1977 through 1980-1981. AB - A complete census of the number of residents training in internal medicine and fellows in subspecialty training for 1979-1980 and 1980-1981 has been compiled by the National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower. Complete information is now available for the 5-year period from 1976-1977 through 1980-1981. The number of first year residents in internal medicine continues to rise. A constant percentage (35% to 38%) of the graduating class of United States medical schools has entered these programs each year for over a decade. The number of first year fellows in subspecialty training, which in the first half of the 1970s rose 10% to 11% annually, has declined slightly in the second half of the 1970s and has been stable in the past 2 years. The net result of the increasing number of residents and the decreasing number of fellows is a rising proportion of internists entering general internal medicine and a proportionate decline in those choosing subspecialty careers. PMID- 7305157 TI - The doctor-patient relationship: headed for impasse or improvement? AB - Deterioration and doctor-patient rapport may be due to increased consumerism, a rise in medical technology, and a societal trend towards deprofessionalization. Increased emphasis on doctor-patient rapport during medical training, closer supervision of studied-patient interactions by physicians trained in the biopsychosocial approach, continuing medical education courses to update the practitioner's interpersonal skills, and a change in medical school admission policies are recommended. Increased consumer involvement in individual doctor patient relationships and in the health care structure may result in greater patient satisfaction and improved health care. PMID- 7305158 TI - Changing trends in the supply of primary care. PMID- 7305159 TI - Occupational medicine: too long neglected. PMID- 7305160 TI - Screening for fat malabsorption. PMID- 7305161 TI - Lymphatic filariasis in humans: an immunologic maze. PMID- 7305162 TI - Alcohol and mortality. PMID- 7305163 TI - Care of demented elderly persons. PMID- 7305164 TI - Predisposing factors for pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7305165 TI - Fatal arrhythmia after pulse methylprednisolone therapy. PMID- 7305166 TI - Nitrite treatment for hydrogen sulfide poisoning. PMID- 7305167 TI - Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and an analgesic. PMID- 7305168 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 7305169 TI - [Activity indices in sarcoidosis. Significance and value]. PMID- 7305170 TI - [Clinical studies of the erythrocytosis produced by a new hemoglobin with oxygen affinity : Hb Hotel-Dieu alpha 2A beta 2 Asp replaced by Gly (author's transl)]. AB - A new case of erythrocytosis associated with a high oxygen affinity hemoglobin is reported : the substitution of beta 99 of aspartic acid by glycine, characterized this abnormal hemoglobin, named "hemoglobin Hotel-Dieu". An important associated smoking habit, probably responsible of an abnormal lung X-ray and of a disturbed CO transport, contributed to increase the difficulty of diagnosis. Familial inquiry, the search of an abnormal hemoglobin by standard or isoelectrofocusing electrophoresis, and the 2,3-DPG assay should be systematically performed in case of polycythemia in young people or in the absence of obvious aetiology. A corpuscular abnormality can be thus detected in about 10 p. cent of such polycythemias. PMID- 7305171 TI - [Calcifications of the mitral valve ring. A clinico-pathological study of 14 cases (author's transl)]. AB - This study of 14 cases, found in 130 autopsies of people died in a Department of Cardio-vascular diseases, emphasizes the frequency of this lesion (10 p. 100) often ignored. Elderly people over 75 years are affected and twice more female than male. Grossly, this abnormality, responsible of a constant mitral insufficiency, is in the posterior cusp attachment at the junction with the ventricular wall. The atrial surface and the line of cusp apposition, commissures and chordae are respected. The main lesions associated with it are left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary and systemic atherosclerosis and most often aortic degenerative calcification, described by Monckeberg, in 50 p. 100 cases. Microscopically, calcifications are surrounded by fibrosis with non specific moderate inflammatory changes. Clinically mitral ring calcification must be searched in case of conduction disturbances of systolic murmurs by left anterior oblique radiography and above all by echocardiography. Except conduction disturbances, complications are infrequent and only seen in advanced lesions. No abnormality of calcium or lipid metabolisms is noted. In agreement with other studies, this one emphasizes the usefulness of echocardiographic diagnosis and the necessity to separate this geriatric entity from advanced post rheumatoid type lesions. PMID- 7305172 TI - [Disorders of conduction in lupus erythematosus : frequency and incidence in a group of 112 patients (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of 112 cases of lupus erythematosus, 103 acute disseminated lupus erythematosus (ADLE) and 9 chronic discoid lupus (CDL), was conducted to determine the incidence of disorders of conduction (DC), and to study their prognosis and discuss their pathogenicity. The mean age of the group was 38 +/- 16 years, and the mean follow-up period after discovery of the DC was 53 months. Cardiac lesions were present in 49.5 p. cent of the 103 patients with ADLE : pericarditis in 27 p. cent, murmur from lupus endocarditis or cardiomyopathy in 23 p. cent, heart failure in 4.8 p. cent, and hypertension in 17 p. cent. Disorders of conduction were present in 18 (17.5 p. cent) of the 112 patients studied. These included 5 partial right bundle-branch blocks (no complete right bundle-branch block), 2 complete and 3 partial left bundle-branch blocks, 5 complete, 2 first degree, and 1 second degree atrioventricular blocks (AVB). The atrioventricular blocks were usually located in the truncal or fascicular regions, but in 2 cases they were nodal in origin. The 5 complete AVB were associated with ADLE in two cases and CDL in the three other cases. The AVB in the ADLE cases appeared 9 to 20 years after the onset of the lupus, these two patients developing pericardiomyocarditis unaccompanied by disorders of conduction. The three complete AVB occurring during CDL were detected 9 to 18 months after the diagnosis. A fatal outcome was noted in 13 (12.5 p. cent) of the ADLE patients and one of the 9 cases of CDL. Ten-year survival curves showed no difference in prognosis for the groups with or without disorders of conduction, but mortality increased in patients with DC after 10 years. As disorders of conduction were more frequently observed in patients with lupus than in a control population, they can be attributed to either a lupus myocarditis or prolonged administration of synthetic antimalarial agents. Disorders of conduction, and particularly complete AVB are, in fact, observed in patients without pericardiomyocardial lesions, and when they exist usually develop a long time after the onset of the cardiac lesion. All patients had been treated with antimalarials, however, and the onset of the DC was associated with a chloroquine myopathy in some of them. Three of the five complete AVB were observed during the course of CDL in patients without cardiac lesions, this being a supplementary argument for implicating synthetic antimalarials. PMID- 7305173 TI - [Predictive value of the ajmaline test for the diagnosis of distal paroxysmal atrioventricular block (author's transl)]. AB - An ajmaline test was conducted in 120 patients with a history of disorders of consciousness : Adams-Stokes syndrome (n = 49), loss of consciousness (n = 42), or lipothymia (n = 29). Four types of response were observed after ajmaline : VH less than 80 ms (n = 63); VH between 80 and 100 ms (n = 19); VH greater than 100 ms (n = 17); distal block (n = 21). One hundred and fifteen of these patients were followed-up for from three to six years (mean 56 months). Pacemakers had been fitted in 46 of them. Atrioventricular block was eventually detected in 37 patients but was excluded in the other 78 cases, either because the syncope attacks did not recur or because another cause was demonstrated. The predictive value of the ajmaline test was confirmed by the subsequent course of the disorders. Based on only clinical findings, diagnosis was confirmed in 42 p. cent, excluded in 12 p. cent, and impossible to define in 46 p.cent of cases. After the ajmaline test, diagnosis was confirmed in 79 p.cent, excluded in 6 p.cent, and impossible to define in 15 p.cent. The risk of atrioventricular block can be evaluated as 1-6 p.cent when the increase in VH is less than 80 ms, 35.3 p.cent when the increase is between 80 and 100 ms, 62.5 p.cent when it is greater than 100 ms, and 100 p.cent when there is a distal block. The indications for fitting a pacemaker depend upon the results of this test. If contra-indications are respected (recent history of an infarct, cardiac failure, marked enlargement of the heart), complications are rare, being observed in less than 3 p.cent of cases. PMID- 7305174 TI - [Diffusion of atherosclerosis in patients with arterial disease of the lower limbs (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs immediate (operative risk) and long term prognosis depend on the diffusion of the atheroma to other arterial beds (coronary and carotid). Basic investigations were completed by doppler ultrasonography of the cervical arteries, exercise electrocardiogram and lateral aortogram. Doppler ultrasonography revealed significant degrees of stenosis of the cervical arteries in 67 out of 402 patients (16.6 p. 100). The stenosis were totally latent clinically in 13 patients. Valid results were obtained in 72 p. 100 of 140 after an exercise electrocardiogram. It was positive in 19 p. 100 of patients without clinical or electric sign of coronary heart disease. Lateral aortogram in 125 patients showed atheromatous lesions in 39 cases (31 p.cent). These were often multiple and involved the coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries in 13 cases. These investigations are of great importance in making the therapeutic decision, indications related with risk and resulting priorities. Alarming coronary or carotid lesions may indeed require treatment before arterial disease of the lower limbs. PMID- 7305175 TI - [Clinico-anatomical conference at the Pitie-Salpetriere. Thoracic pain and rhythm disorders in a 51-year-old artist]. PMID- 7305176 TI - [Sociology of mental diseases in New Caledonia (statistical approach) 1965-1977]. AB - The author has proceeded from a statistical analysis of 2616 records between 1965 and 1977 at Noumea in New Caledonia. Following the nature "multi-ethnics" of the population and the allotment nearly equal to the one between the town and the country, it has been possible to put obviousness some numbers of significant acts, particularly a clear disparity of the rate of psychopathological morbidity taking into consideration the ethnicity, geographical situation, sex, even the period of the year concerning the suicidal actions. - The present paragraph is a summing up of the original work. PMID- 7305177 TI - [Body language group: depersonalization and repersonalization using make-up]. AB - Make up was used as a support by a corporal expression group which met two hours a week during three months. This method call particularly for tact and sight, the importance of these factors being well known to attain the elaboration and the integration of body scheme. In a recreative, therefore reassuring context, reinforced by the group phenomenon, the dynamism of gesture and relationship extends far beyond the features. The trends of make-up during the sessions and themes based on mimesis allowed to measure progress. PMID- 7305178 TI - [Cybernetics, prolegomenon of a new movement in psychiatry]. PMID- 7305179 TI - [Factorial analysis of the Hamilton depression scale, II]. AB - A factorial analysis (principal components with Varimax rotation) was performed on 85 ratings of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale obtained in 1979-1980 on inpatients with a major depressive illness. Using a replicable statistical technique, 4 factors were obtained. These factors do not overlap with those obtain on a similar sample with a similar technique nor with those obtained by other authors. It thus appears that there is no such thing as a factorial structure of this scale. PMID- 7305180 TI - [Psychiatric epidemiology: demographic study and characterization and prevalence rate of mental diseases]. AB - The authors report an experience on the assessment of mental illness prevalence rate in the socio-professional population of four French provinces. This analysis, preceded by a demographic study of the considered population, will be extended by an incidence of mental disorders research relative to constitute a cohort of patients which 3 years follow-up study will allowed to make a cost analysis (cost-effectiveness) of the chosen therapeutic ways and means. PMID- 7305181 TI - [Psychotic patients and the conjugal bond]. PMID- 7305182 TI - [Psychiatrist for adults and children facing geronto-psychiatry: 3 years of experience in a general hospital]. PMID- 7305183 TI - [Psychosis and grammatical reality. Preliminary to an axiomatic system]. AB - This paper is elaborated in the same order of those who developpe the idea that, Psychosis is pleaded as an alibi of a totalitarian reality (Psychosis alibi). So it may allow to disengage the evolution of the Psychiatry outside of the anti psychiatry ideologies. The main subject of this work, is to analyse the gap between the Reality which includes the psychosis as a part of herself (Psychosis as disease). On the second hand the Reality of the psychosis from the psycho pathologic point of view (delirium, hallucinations, autism, etc...). Considering the importance of the formal grammatical functions in the linguistic matter to site the reference to the reality according to the rules of the communication and the oral expression; so we propose a grammatical analysis. Two parts are distinguishable in this work. The first part concerns a review of languages proposed in different psychiatric "theorization" established previously about mental disorder. So it could be considered that the psychosis is the one who "speaks" the psychiatry. The second part concerns an abstract of the "semiotiques" studies by which we can tackle the psychosis with a scientific language: The Psychiatric "speaking" the psychosis not the opposite. This way of analyse allows to realize the modifications in the part of both protagonists in the game. By the same way, it authorizes to introduce the psychiatry from the axiomatic point of view, allowing a self-contained definition as a branch of the medicine, and disengaging his subject: The psychosis; as a syntactic subject. PMID- 7305184 TI - [Contraceptive methods and abortion: one question]. PMID- 7305185 TI - [Mythology of alcohol drinking]. AB - The social order relies on a whole of standards and requires the conformity of the individuals to his models. The consumers of alcohol - alcoholized people - either stay in the order which makes pressure on them to bring them to consume still staying within the standards of consumption according to a process of which the works stay unknown, either drift progressively towards marginality and subversion. Their behaviour is described as a "disease", description which works as a myth as well as a reality, the perception and description of the treatment supposed to be opposed to it acts on the same manner. The consumption of alcohol alcoholization - can be understood as a social doing which testifies the adhesion to the standard and/or a personal doing in view of a research of psychotropy. Alcoholism announces itself when the alcoholization is perceived by the Other as a deviation and an existential tactical. It is not a clinic diagnosis as one may let believe, but a stigma, a label, even a judgment over a scandal. And then begins the misfortune to the one by whom the scandal arises. PMID- 7305186 TI - [Icarus and the labyrinth, or considerations apropos of drug abuse]. PMID- 7305187 TI - [Unconscious relation to the parental nucleus in disturbed children]. PMID- 7305188 TI - [An institutional form of treatment outside the hospital for psychoneurotic states; psychiatric thermalism]. PMID- 7305189 TI - [Hypnosis and short-term auditory memory]. PMID- 7305190 TI - [Polysaccharides from "Sporothrix schenkii" (author's transl)]. AB - The whole cells and purified cell walls of Sporothrix schenckii were extracted with various solvents. Using hydrolysis, the fractions obtained afforded mannose, glucose, rhamnose as main sugars, and galactose. The repartition of polysaccharides was different according to the solvent used. These polysaccharides could be used as antigens for diagnosis and to follow the evolution of the sporotrichosis. PMID- 7305191 TI - [Study of "in vitro" susceptibility of "Mycobacterium fortuitum" to aminoglycoside and beta-lactam antibiotics (author's transl)]. AB - A study was made of the in vitro susceptibility of 39 strains of Mycobacterium fortuitum to 14 beta-lactamins and 11 aminoglycosides using disc diffusion techniques on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. Amikacin, lividomycin, neomycin and kanamycin inhibited clearly all the strains, while penicillins, cephalosporins and streptomycin proved inactive. In addition, other tested aminoglycosides inhibited poorly all the strains. PMID- 7305192 TI - [Supplement no XXIV (1980) to Kauffmann-White scheme (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305193 TI - Surgical approach to the medial orbital wall. PMID- 7305194 TI - Juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma. PMID- 7305195 TI - Observations on central neurologic etiology for laryngeal dysfunction. PMID- 7305196 TI - Treatment of carcinoma of the epiglottis. AB - One hundred five cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the epiglottis were reviewed and the results of treatment compared. The cure rate by radiation therapy for epiglottic carcinomas, both suprahyoid and infrahyoid, was poorer than previously reported cure rates for all supraglottic carcinomas (p less than 0.01). This may be due to unsuspected anterior extension of infrahyoid tumors into the preepiglottic space and thyroid cartilage. The cure rate (five years with no evidence of disease) for suprahyoid lesions was superior to that of infrahyoid lesions for all stages of primary size and nodal metastases and for all treatments. It is suggested that initial staging of primary epiglottic carcinomas should include the designation of suprahyoid or infrahyoid. The role of xeroradiography as an adjunct to staging and the implications for treatment are discussed. PMID- 7305197 TI - Hypothyroidism following treatment for head and neck cancer. AB - One hundred ninety-six head and neck patients were studied to determine the effects of radiation therapy and surgery on thyroid function. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were obtained as a screening test for primary hypothyroidism. Elevated TSH levels were found in 57 of the 196 patients (29.1%). The highest incidence of abnormal TSH values (66%) occurred in the group treated with combination radiation therapy and surgery, including partial thyroidectomy. TSH levels rose early in the posttreatment period with 60% of the abnormal values occurring within the first three posttreatment years. Posttreatment thyroid dysfunction was twice as common in women (48.6%) as in men (25.4%). When serum thyroxine levels by radioimmunoassay (T4RIA) were correlated with the elevated serum TSH levels, a similar pattern was seen with 65% of the patients in Group 3 having a decreased T4RIA level indicating overt hypothyroidism. Pretreatment levels of thyroid function including thyroid antibody studies should be established for all patients. Serial TSH levels should be done every three months during the first three posttreatment years and semiannually thereafter as long as the patient will return for follow-up care. All patients treated with combination radiation therapy and surgery who develop elevated TSH levels should be treated with thyroid replacement therapy. Patients receiving radiation therapy alone should receive replacement thyroid therapy if they develop a depressed T4RIA value or a pattern of gradually increasing TSH levels. PMID- 7305198 TI - Significance of positive bronchial cytology in presence of squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract. AB - The otolaryngologic literature reflects the high incidence if second primary neoplasms found in patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Most commonly the second tumor is bronchogenic in origin. Routine panendoscopy (direct laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy) has been recommended in patients presenting with a squamous cell carcinoma primary in the upper aerodigestive tract. We have questioned the usefulness of obtaining bronchial washings during bronchoscopy in a patient who has an established primary in the upper aerodigestive tract. Perhaps false-positives would occur due to desquamation of tumor cells into the tracheobronchial tree. The authors address the incidence of false-positive washings encountered in a prospective evaluation of bronchial cytology encountered in 100 consecutive patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract who do not have primary bronchogenic carcinoma. A single false-positive (1%) was encountered. It is concluded that epithelial carcinoma of the larynx and upper aerodigestive tract rarely shed identifiable tumor cells into the tracheobronchial tree. When malignant cells are found with bronchial washings, every effort should be made to localize a second primary tumor in the lung. PMID- 7305199 TI - Laryngeal reinnervation for unilateral vocal cord paralysis: long-term results. AB - Since 1976 modified nerve-muscle pedicle reinnervation for restoration of adductor function in unilaterally paralyzed vocal cords has been performed at the Cleveland Clinic. This technique has reserved for patients with "valuable" voices such as clergymen, public speakers, professional singers and actors. It was felt that this technique should offer potential for restoration of quality of voice and in particular of pitch control, superior to that usually obtained by Teflon injection, because of restoration of the ability to tense the vocal cord. In this regard nerve-muscle pedicle reinnervation is potentially superior to any of the other techniques available for medialization of the unilaterally paralyzed cord. At the present time 27 patients have undergone this surgery and have been followed long enough (at least one year) to determine if the procedure was successful or not. All of these have been subjected to preoperative and postoperative voice recordings on high quality tape equipment. Some of them have been subjected to voice printing for vocal analysis. There have been no complications in the group and all but two of the patients have achieved significant voice improvement as a result of the surgery. The details of current technique and demographic data and follow-up will be presented. PMID- 7305201 TI - Laryngeal complications of nasogastric tubes. PMID- 7305200 TI - Panendoscopy for second primaries in head and neck cancer. AB - Four hundred patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract were studied for evidence of a synchronous second primary tumor. The protocol of study included in most cases direct laryngoscopy, metal tube bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy. Chest x-ray studies were performed on all patients and many had barium swallow x-ray studies. Asymptomatic second head and neck primary tumors were found only in the vallecula and esophagus among this series of patients. Metachronous second primary tumors were presented as early as one month after the original endoscopy and were located in areas which had been carefully examined by endoscopy and appeared asymptomatic to the examining physician at the time of the original evaluation. Based on this series of patients, we recommend careful indirect laryngoscopy and oral examination, direct laryngoscopy and esophagoscopy as well as a barium swallow for patients with clinically suspicious mucosal lesion of the upper aerodigestive tract. In view of our failure to discover a single lung carcinoma which was not evident from chest x-ray studies, we recommend bronchoscopy, which adds some morbidity to the endoscopic procedure, not be included unless a specific clinical suspicion is entertained. However, because of the important treatment implication which follow the diagnosis of a new squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract, we feel it is imperative that the entire esophagus be evaluated in the course of the pretreatment exploration of the patient. Although few esophageal tumors were discovered, their implications in terms of surgical resection and debilitation without much likelihood of long-term patient survival has encouraged us to continue the above described procedure. PMID- 7305202 TI - Laryngeal injuries secondary to nasogastric tubes. AB - Laryngeal complications secondary to nasogastric intubation have been reported rarely in recent literature. Recent experience with three patients who developed laryngeal injuries related to nasogastric tubes prompted retrospective, experimental, and prospective studies to determine the mechanism of laryngeal injury. A review of the literature, as well as the clinical findings in our three patients, point to midline tube placement and the subsequent development of cricoid chondritis as the underlying etiology. An experimental study using anesthetized dogs was designed to compare histologically the effect on the larynx with nasogastric tubes placed in the midline, as opposed to nasogastric tubes in the lateral position. Results of the histologic study confirmed that midline tubes generate severe inflammation in the postcricoid region. One hundred patients were then evaluated roentgenographically to determine the incidence of midline tube placement in a random sample. Six percent of the patients had nasogastric tubes in the midline. Patients who have nasogastric tubes in place for more than three days or have a severe amount of discomfort should have an x ray film to determine position of the tube. Midline tubes should be removed or replaced. PMID- 7305203 TI - Documentation in pediatric laryngology. AB - Endoscopy in pediatric laryngology continues to develop and broaden its horizons. The need for documentation of the various pathological conditions has become more apparent. The upper lateral airways radiological study together with endoscopic photography allows permanent objective documentation of the changes occurring in any part of the upper respiratory tract from the nose and nasopharynx to the bronchi and segmental openings. This combination of radiological study and single frame color photography is the most convenient means of studying the pathology, natural history, and results of treatment as well as for clinical research and teaching in training programs. PMID- 7305204 TI - Pseudolaryngeal paralysis: a postintubation complications. AB - Seven patients in the pediatric age group who had severe posterior glottic stenosis are reported. All of these patients had been misdiagnosed as having bilateral vocal cord paralysis because of errors in observing the actual findings in the larynx. On cursory examination of the larynx, the findings resembled vocal cord paralysis, thus the name "pseudolaryngeal paralysis" was given to this disease entity. This paper describes in some detail the case histories, the endolaryngeal findings, and the therapy which was instituted and followed. The difficulties in managing this problem are also reviewed. Three of the seven patients were decannulated, two with persistent stress, stridor and reduced exercise tolerance. Four other patients have improved, but are still in the process of being treated. The success of the therapy appears to be dependent on the severity of the scarring, whether there was fibrosis of the interarytenoideus muscle, and whether the cricoarytenoid joints were involved. It is hoped that by reporting this difficult problem, a more rapid and successful form of management will be developed. PMID- 7305205 TI - Bilateral vertical partial laryngectomy for bilateral vocal cord carcinoma. AB - This paper presents a technique of partial laryngectomy for tumors involving both vocal cords. The resection includes both vocal cords, adjacent cartilage and one arytenoid. Staged reconstruction consists of rotating the remaining posterior border of the thyroid cartilage 90 degrees in order to obtain adequate anteroposterior length. A temporary laryngostome is formed. The results in four patients, followed for a minimum of three years, are presented. PMID- 7305206 TI - Tracheoesophageal puncture for alaryngeal voice restoration. AB - Thirty-two tracheoesophageal punctures (TEP) were performed on 30 patients by The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders. In all cases, the Blom-Singer duckbill prosthesis was utilized for alaryngeal voice restoration. Ninety-three percent were able to produce significantly better voice following TEP when compared to their preoperative mode of communication, The preoperative orientation/evaluation format, surgical technique, success-failure ratios, and possible factors affecting successful TEP voice restoration are examined. PMID- 7305207 TI - Limitations of the Blom-Singer technique for voice restoration. AB - The loss of voice following total laryngectomy is a severe blow to a patient's functional and psychological well-being. Since the first laryngectomy numerous attempts at voice restoration have been attempted with only limited success. The tracheoesophageal puncture with insertion of the Blom-Singer valve is a major development in neoglottic reconstruction. Initial reports on the use of this technique have been very encouraging. Our initial experience has not been entirely satisfactory. The difficulties encountered include: 1) inability to manage the prosthesis in the home setting; 2) anatomical problems; 3) inability to produce fluent speech. While it is our impression that this new technique is the simplest and most effective method of voice restoration, it is not appropriate for all laryngectomies. Great care should be exercised in patient selection, and this may eliminate many of the difficulties encountered. PMID- 7305208 TI - Further experience with voice restoration after total laryngectomy. PMID- 7305209 TI - Voice button prosthesis rehabilitation of the laryngectomee. Additional notes. AB - Forty laryngectomy patients in Iowa have received a tracheoesophageal fistula and voice button prosthesis. The fistula was successfully completed in all patients using local anesthesia. Delayed insertion of the voice prosthesis, approximately a month after the fistula is created, appears to be helpful in establishing the respiratory muscle control needed to achieve tracheoesophageal speech. In addition, delayed insertion allows for longer fistula maturation, recognition by the patient that speech is formed by vibrations within the pharyngoesophageal segment, and improved ability to manage the fistula site by proper insertion of the stent. The tracheoesophageal fistula-voice button prosthesis technique has proved to be a relatively simple, uncomplicated, reproducible and inexpensive method of achieving effective speech in a majority of laryngectomy patients. PMID- 7305210 TI - Treatment of laryngeal stenosis. A conservative new approach. AB - One of the most perplexing problems in laryngology is the treatment of laryngeal scar tissue. This can be supraglottic, glottic, or infraglottic. Two acceptable methods of treatment have been surgical and endoscopic. Endoscopic treatment consists of dilatation, excision of scar tissue with a laser, removal of scar tissue with insertion of a stent, and removal and scar tissue with injection of intralesional cortisone. Twelve cases are reported, treated with microscopic removal of scar tissue followed by voice rest and beclomethasone dipropionate (Vanceril) inhalations, a topical steroid. All twelve cases showed marked improvement measured by improved glottic opening and improvement of voice quality. Further evaluation of this method of treatment should be done as an auxiliary treatment to our present accepted regime of treatments in this troublesome condition. PMID- 7305212 TI - X-ray study of the month: laryngeal cyst. PMID- 7305211 TI - Laryngotracheal reconstruction in children. Five-year follow-up. AB - Congenital and acquired subglottic stenosis is a commonly encountered problem in the pediatric population. In acquired cases endotracheal intubation is responsible for its development in the great majority of cases, but high tracheotomy, laryngeal burns, external neck trauma, and tumors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, are occasionally seen. The management of mature subglottic stenosis in children remains a controversial issue. The prevailing attitude of otolaryngologists is to perform a tracheotomy and hope for decannulation after one or two years, due to the expected growth of the larynx. Unfortunately, some of the acquired lesions are so severe that often no lumen is demonstrable. In such cases no amount of growth will allow extubation. A variety of endoscopic methods, such as dilation with or without resection using diathermy or laser, are certainly helpful in the early phases of wound healing while the scar tissue is soft and pliable. To deal with the mature, hard, fibrous, unresponsive scar various authors have proposed differing laryngotracheal reconstructive techniques. The authors discuss a unique experience of laryngotracheal reconstruction in 103 children. They define their indications for the three procedures that are most widely used, and address the issue raised by opponents of laryngotracheal reconstruction in children, namely the consideration that laryngeal growth potential may be adversely affected by such external operations. The authors have evidence that this has not occurred in 35 cases followed for a minimum of five years. PMID- 7305213 TI - ENG of the month: periodic alternating nystagmus. PMID- 7305214 TI - [Trichomonal balano-posthitis. Report of 16 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Glans penis and foreskin lesions occurred in sixteen patients (+/- 34 p. 100) in a group of 46 males with trichomoniasis and were predominantly of the erosive type. Trichomonal balano-posthitis has been associated with trichomonal uretritis in 7 patients, with syphilis in 4 patients and with genital warts in 4. The dominant complication was phimosis. Long foreskin should be considered a favorable condition in infection of glans penis and foreskin due to T. vaginalis. The dense predominantly lymphocytic infiltration in the upper dermis characterized the histology of the lesions. An inguinal lymph node biopsy specimen demonstrated the features of reactive hyperplasia, a cause of inguinal lymphadenopathy. The condition responded well to treatment with metronidazol during 9-10 days. PMID- 7305215 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in skin disease patients. Study and literature data (author's transl)]. AB - Circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.) were investigated in 244 patients with various skin diseases and 100 healthy subjects. C.I.C. were detected by the PEG C4 assay, firstly proposed by Digeon et al. using the precipitation by polyethylene glycol (PEG 3,5 p. 100) and the determination by laser nephelometry of complement component C4 in sera and in precipitates. The percentage of C4 precipitated and of positive subjects were significantly increased in numerous cutaneous diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis and lichen planus. Two cases of dermatomyositis, 3 cases of post herpetic erythema multiformis and 2 cases of Kaposi-Juliusberg syndroma were also positives but no definite conclusion can be given because of the few patients tested. On the contrary, the values of precipitated C4 are normal in most cases of atopic dermatitis (the method does not detect IgE-C.I.C.) scabies, porphyria cutanea tarda, cutaneous epithelioma and discoid lupus. In chronic urticaria and in mycosis fongoides the mean values of precipitated C4 are significantly increased but the number of positive subjects is low and the significance of these results is uncertain because of the wide range of the values. The results of the present study are compared with the literature data. The value of C.I.C. determination in determining the evolutivity of skin diseases and their possible role in pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 7305216 TI - [Hereditary porphyria cutanea in children. Enzymatic studies (author's transl)]. AB - A girl of 7 years presenting porphyria cutanea tarda was found to have a very low level of erythrocytary uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Tests on her brother, parents and maternal grand-parents, who were all free of the disease revealed the same level of enzyme in the mother and grandmother, through whom the hereditary factor was obviously transmitted. This supports evidence provided by juvenile cases and familial forms in the literature that heredity plays an important part in a disease which is often considered to be acquired or symptomatic. Despite clinical and biological resemblances, two types of porphyria cutanea can be distinguished: a sporadic form in which enzyme deficiency occurs only in the liver and is revealed by exogenous toxic factors such as alcohol or oestrogens and an hereditary form where the deficiency transmitted by a dominant autosomal mode is found in all hemasynthetising cells. PMID- 7305217 TI - [Native favus in Poitou. About 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of tinea favus of pityriasic aspect and without a "scutulum" sign are diagnosed in a small town of "Poitou" region. They correspond to an autochtonal focus. The various enquiries show that favus has become rare in France but the local focus as are still active, since 43 p. 100 of recorded favus are of local origin. PMID- 7305218 TI - [Immunotherapy of multiple recurring warts. II. Reassessment of the use of squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of recalcitrant multiple verrucae by sensitization to DNCB has been successfully used as shown in a previous study. Owing to the mutagenic effect of DNCB in Ames test, we tried a new non-mutagenic compound, SADBE to treat patients with multiple recurring warts. The study comprised 18 patients whose informed consent was obtained. They were sensitized to SADBE with a 2 p. 100 solution applied once and then treated with a 0.1 p. 100 solution weekly. The solution was applied by means of a swab on the warts. The concentration was adjusted to the patient's reactivity in order to maintain a mild contact dermatitis. The duration of treatment ranged from 4 to 13 weeks. Our results showed tat complete resolution of warts occurred in only 2 out of 18 patients. Side effects were negligible. In conclusion, we do not support the use of SADBE for treating multiple recurring warts. PMID- 7305219 TI - [Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia]. PMID- 7305220 TI - [Persistent onychoatrophy in Bazex paraneoplastic acrokeratosis]. PMID- 7305221 TI - [Survey on the importance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carriage in women in the Departmental Prophylaxis Center of Nice]. PMID- 7305222 TI - [Angioma serpiginosum Hutchinson: ultrastructural study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305223 TI - [Cutaneous mycobacteriosis: epidemiologic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305224 TI - [Post-operative progressive gangrene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305225 TI - [Giant form of Mibelli's porokeratosis]. PMID- 7305226 TI - [Topical preparations combining a dermocorticoid and an antifungal agent and their commercial relevance]. PMID- 7305227 TI - [Chronic erythematous oedema of the upper face (Degos). Morbihan disease (author's transl)]. AB - We studied 5 patients presenting with erythematous superior oedema of the face and with oedema of the eyelids. The first case, described by Degos 20 years ago, is reviewed. The first of our 5 patients had clinical lesions similar to those of Degos' case, with true pachydermal features of the integument. In all cases the clinical features are typical but the histology was not characteristic: epidermal atrophy, elastosis, discrete lymphocytic infiltrates. The diagnoses of LE, rosacea, sarcoidosis were excluded. No medication appears to be effective except thalidomide provided that it is given early enough. This disease ought to be recognized as a distinct clinical entity. PMID- 7305228 TI - [Dermatological manifestations of synovial cysts of the lower limbs (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of synovial cysts of the knees are reported. Thier emergeing point located far away from the joint they originate from can make the diagnosis be difficult. Puncture allows to remove synovial fluid and to inject a radio-active iodine compound to realise a cystography. The radiography of the joint demonstrates an already existing joint disease. The atypical aspects of synovial cysts are emphasized on the basis of then two cases such as pseudo-phlebitic, pseudo-arteritic, inflammatory and fistulised. The presentation of synovial cysts of the legs is frequently dermatological. The diagnosis must be suspected in order to avoid a dermatological biopsy. PMID- 7305229 TI - [Symmetrical pigmented patches of the lower extremities in a diabetic (diabetic cutaneous hemosiderosis)]. PMID- 7305230 TI - [Systemic tardive urticaria pigmentosa associated with a pharyngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 7305231 TI - [Recent considerations on systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305232 TI - [Electromyography in children with polymyositis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305233 TI - [Pseudohypoaldosteronism: familial forms. Eight case-reports, with a review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305234 TI - [Clinical and radiological patterns in fistulae between coronary arteries and heart cavities. Six case-reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305235 TI - [Pulmonary perforation of mediastinal caseous lymph nodes in children. Thirty-two case-reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305236 TI - [Bronchiolitis obliterans in young children. a clinical and pathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305237 TI - [Subdural empyema: a rare complication of ENT infections in childhood. Two case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305238 TI - [Caudal regression anomalad. A case-report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305239 TI - [Accidental hydrocarbon ingestion in children. Clinical, radiological, biological and pathological findings in 3,462 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305241 TI - [Study of antibiotic properties of anthraquinones using chromatographic microplates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305240 TI - [Action of ethylene oxide upon tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.): absorption and combinations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305242 TI - [Erythropoiesis inhibitors removed by hemofiltration in renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305243 TI - [Action of cocaine on pancreatic exocrine and biliary secretion in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305244 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological activity of some carboxy pyrrolidinones and several derivatives (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305245 TI - [Balance of activity at the Research Institute for Medicinal Plants of Hungary (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305246 TI - [Study of physico-chemical nature of Ax-les-Thermes sulphur water (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305247 TI - [Spectrofluorimetry of some phenothiazine derivatives. I. Derivatives having no substitution in position 2 and an alkylamino one in position 10 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305248 TI - [Plants from New Caledonia: alkaloids from Melodinus polyadenus Baill. Boit. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305249 TI - [Digital radiography in general radiodiagnostic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305250 TI - [Metacarpophalangeal calcifications in diffuse chondrocalcinosis. Radiologic study of ten cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305251 TI - [Comparative aspects of computerized axial tomography, angiography and scintiangioencephalography in a patient with brain metastasis. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305252 TI - [Thoraco-pelvi-phalangeal dysplasia, latent form of asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia. A clinical case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305254 TI - [Physiologic considerations in radiology of the pulmonary vasculature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305253 TI - [Spontaneous hematoma of the oesophagus. One case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305255 TI - [Topic of the month: what is your diagnosis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305256 TI - Why plasma electrolytes? PMID- 7305257 TI - Influence of antisera, purification procedures, and tracers on validity of a testosterone radioimmunoassay. AB - The levels of testosterone in pooled plasma from men and from women were measured by radioimmunoassay. Testosterone was isolated from plasma either by ether extraction (direct procedure) or by chromatography of the ether extract (chromatographic procedure). Three different antisera (all raised against testosterone-3-oxime albumin) were employed. An additional variable was the use of two tracers, [3H] testosterone and [125I] histamine testosterone. The latter tracer was employed in both a freshly prepared form and two months after labelling. The old tracer was used both in a nonpurified and repurified form. The results were compared with those given by one of the antisera using the assay with chromatography. The validity of this assay was verified earlier using a test of radiochemical purity. In the statistical evaluation of the data, it was found that the assays of both plasma pools gave the same results as the validated assay, even with two other antisera, but only when the chromatographic purification was used. The direct assays gave significantly increased values for testosterone in the male plasma pool with one antiserum, and in the female plasma pool with all three antisera. It is concluded that those assays maybe considered valid which give results statistically indistinguishable from those obtained by the valid assay. These were all chromatographic assays and, in the man, also two direct assays. The comparison of [3H] testosterone and [125I] histamine testosterone as tracers did not indicate any major differences in the validity of the assays. When the 125I-tracer was employed, a moderate (1.5-2 fold) increase of sensitivity was seen with all three antisera, and the antisera could be used in a 10-40 times higher dilution. Furthermore, it was possible to use [125I] histamine testosterone and obtain practically the same results after two months, whether repurified or not. PMID- 7305258 TI - Limitations concerning the use in children of the relationship between plasma creatinine and body height to derive glomerular filtration rate. AB - The value of the formula, (Formula: see text) was assessed over a two-year period in 314 children aged 1 month to 17 years by comparing simultaneously determined 51Cr EDTA slope clearance and plasma creatinine measurements, and in 225 children aged 1 month to 16 years comparing with duplicate short-term creatinine clearance determinations. The relationship with 51Cr EDTA slope clearance is best in patients over the age of 3 years with clearance rates below 60 ml. min-1/1.73m2 but even so is subject to doubt over a wide range. The relationship with creatinine clearance shows less scatter at higher levels of clearance but the same doubt exists when it is used as an estimate of glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 7305259 TI - Particulate acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid and its implications for neural tube defect screening. AB - Acetylcholinesterase activity in mid-trimester amniotic fluid has been determined by a quantitative spectrophotometric method and a qualitative electrophoretic technique in a limited (76 samples) retrospective study. Differential centrifugation studies on amniotic fluid from normal pregnancies demonstrated the presence of particle-associated acetylcholinesterase sedimenting only at relatively high centrifugal forces. It is postulated that this particle associated activity was a contributory factor to an observed false-positive incidence of 6.6% when quantitative acetylcholinesterase measurement was used to discriminate between normal pregnancies and those associated with neural tube defects. Discrimination on the basis of electrophoretic analysis of acetylcholinesterase resulted in no misclassification of pregnancies. Particulate acetylcholinesterase would not be expected to influence the interpretation of the electrophoretic pattern due to its size-related exclusion from gel pores. The implication of these observations in the accurate prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects is discussed. PMID- 7305260 TI - A novel five-microlitre capillary system for home glucose monitoring. AB - Improvement in the control of diabetic patients is aided by a knowledge of blood glucose levels during a 'normal' (non-hospitalised) day. We have devised a 5 microliter capillary tube collection system as a 'kit' for home use by diabetics. Blood collected into 5 microliter capillary tubes is washed into a protein precipitant by the patient. The completed kit is posted to the laboratory for analysis. The technique has achieved a high degree of patient acceptability. Subsequent analysis involves the addition of a single reagent. Reagents, patient samples, and standards are stable, and the precision of the technique compares favourably with our routine glucose procedure. PMID- 7305261 TI - Loss of A-apoprotein immunoreactivity during high-density lipoprotein separation. AB - By use of an electroimmunoassay, concentrations of A-apoproteins were estimated in serum and in corresponding apoprotein fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation. These values were compared with high-density lipoprotein concentrations determined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Concentrations of A apoproteins estimated in serum were considerably higher than in isolated high density lipoprotein fractions. These discrepancies could not be accounted for entirely by material losses into other fractions during ultracentrifugal fractionation. No comparable differences in apoprotein-B concentrations were observed during the ultracentrifugal separation of low-density lipoprotein. Concentrations of A-apoproteins estimated in the residual serum after precipitation of low-density lipoproteins by heparin and manganous ions were also lower than in the corresponding whole sera. The discrepancies persisted after treatment of serum and isolated fractions with tetramethylurea, urea (9 mol/l), and by heating at 52 degrees C for 3 hours. It is considered that separation by ultracentrifugation induces subtle alterations in the surface structure of the lipoprotein species which give rise to changes in immunoreactivity. PMID- 7305262 TI - Discrepancies in bromide numbers during serum cholinesterase phenotyping. PMID- 7305263 TI - [Resensitization of distal flaps]. PMID- 7305264 TI - [Argon and ruby laser in the treatment of pigmented skin lesions]. PMID- 7305265 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the labio-palatal clefts]. PMID- 7305266 TI - [Reduction of mammoplasty using an inferior dermo-glandular pedicle flap]. PMID- 7305267 TI - [Immediate nerve repair in the surgery of facial nerve tumors]. PMID- 7305268 TI - [Surgical treatment of paralytic lagophthalmos]. PMID- 7305269 TI - [Mobius syndrome. Therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 7305270 TI - [External rhinoplasty. Technic and indications]. PMID- 7305271 TI - [Technics for exposing the alar cartilages with a "bucket handle" using a retrograde and contralateral approach]. PMID- 7305272 TI - [Nasal and latero-nasal reconstructive surgery. Apropos of 68 cases]. PMID- 7305273 TI - [Enlargement of the piriform aperture]. PMID- 7305274 TI - [Medio-auricular reconstruction with a helico-lobular flap]. PMID- 7305275 TI - [Modified Stenstrom procedure in the treatment of prominent ears. Apropos of 250 cases]. PMID- 7305276 TI - [The Juri flap: our problems]. PMID- 7305277 TI - [Abdominoplasties. Personal technic for reconstruction of the umbilicus. Transfer of the scar to below the umbilicus]. PMID- 7305278 TI - [Retention procedures for fractures of the zygomatic arc]. PMID- 7305279 TI - delta-Aminolevulinate dehydrase: a new genetic polymorphism in man. AB - A method has been developed for the electrophoretic and quantitative analyses of human red cell delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase (ALADH). The enzyme is under the control of an autosomal gene, with two common codominant alleles. ALADH1 and ALADH2, with frequencies of 0.89 and 0.11, respectively, in the Italian population. Mean phenotypic enzyme activities are nearly identical: 52,. 49 and 55 mIU/g Hb for ALADH 1, 2-1 and 2 phenotypes respectively. PMID- 7305280 TI - The biochemical genetics of human gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase. AB - 1. Two methods have been devised for the detection after electrophoresis of gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABAT) isozymes. 2. GABAT isozymes can be detected in liver, brain, kidney, pancreas, heart, testis. spinal cord and upper jejunum. The greatest activity occurs in liver. 3. Three different commonly occurring electrophoretic types of GABAT have been identified. It seems likely that they are determined by two alleles at an autosomal locus (GABAT). 4. The gene frequencies of GABAT1 and GABAT2 in a random sample of European livers were 0.56 and 0.44 respectively. 5. The three banded patterns seen in heterozygotes suggest that GABAT is a dimeric enzyme. 6. GABA, beta-alanine and 5-aminovaleric acid can act as substrates for GABAT. 7. GABAT activity can be demonstrated in all areas of human brain with the exception of the corpus callosum. Brain samples from patients with Huntington's chorea show no abnormal GABAT activity or unusual phenotypes. PMID- 7305281 TI - Estimation of fitness reduction due to a chronic disease in man. AB - An improved mathematical method is presented for estimating the amount of fitness reduction due to a chronic disease by using demographic data. It is shown that Cavalli-Sforza and Bodmer's equivalent formula gives an underestimate. Application of the new formula indicates that the selective difference between blood groups O and A, resulting from their association with duodenal ulcer, is 6.4 X 10(-5), i.e. ten times higher than Cavalli-Sforza and Bodmer's estimate. PMID- 7305282 TI - Pedigree analysis of Hodgkin's disease in a Newfoundland genealogy. AB - An extensive Newfoundland genealogy shows a large number of cases of lymphoreticular malignancies. A recessive pattern of inheritance had been previously suggested, but no quantitative investigation of the hypothesis was made. Here we have investigated a variety of aspects of the descent structure of the pedigree and shown that for only a subset of the traits can the inference be upheld. For Hodgkin's disease (HD) and generalized immunodeficiency (ID) there is clear evidence for a recessive HD/ID susceptibility allele. The remainder do not follow this pattern, show no evidence of a single-locus effect and little of any genetic effect. The ancestry of the HD/ID cases was therefore investigated in detail, and likelihoods computed on the pedigree. These confirmed the recessive nature of the trait, as also did the risk analysis which quite clearly identified the paths of descent taken by the allele. The determination of these paths is a prerequisite for any linkage analysis which might further confirm the single locus nature of the trait. PMID- 7305283 TI - A recursive algorithm for the calculation of identity coefficients. PMID- 7305284 TI - Heart lipidosis induced by short-term feeding of cis- or trans-docosenoic acids in weanling or 7-week-old rats. AB - Weanling male rats were fed calcium-deprived diets containing 15% lipids, of which half is cis- or trans-docosenoic acid, for 5, 12 or 28 days. Elaidic or oleic acid-fed rats served as controls. After 5 days on diet, the rats fed brassidic acid showed heart triglyceride accumulation, but less than the erucic acid-fed rats. In both groups, the heart triglyceride content decreased with time and returned to normal values after 28 days. When similar diets were fed for 12 days to 7-week-old rats, brassidic acid, on the contrary, induced a greater triglyceride accumulation than erucic acid did. PMID- 7305285 TI - Role of ovarian hormones in the long-term control of glucose homeostasis, glycogen formation and gluconeogenesis. AB - The effect of ovarian hormones on in vivo gluconeogenesis and glycogen deposition in liver, uterus, skeletal and cardiac muscle was studied. Ovariectomized adult female mice were treated with replacement doses of estradiol, progesterone, both hormones combined, or vehicle only for 15 weeks. Compared with intact control mice, ovariectomy increased gluconeogenesis and reduced the glycogen content of all tissues examined. Treatment with estradiol and progesterone, individually and in combination, increased tissue glycogen deposition. Estradiol alone consistently produced the greatest effect, except on hepatic glycogen, which was maximally increased by the combined estradiol-progesterone regimen. Estradiol markedly reduced gluconeogenesis, and this effect was antagonized by progesterone. The results indicate that the lower plasma glucose concentrations produced by ovarian steroids result in part from reduced glucose neoformation and greater storage of glycogen in liver and muscle tissues. PMID- 7305286 TI - Effect of vitamin C deficiency in guinea pigs on intestinal functions and chemical composition of brush border membrane. AB - The effect of vitamin C deficiency on the digestive and absorptive functions of the gut has been investigated in guinea pigs. The absorption of D-glucose was significantly elevated, but that of L-leucine, L-alanine and L-lysine considerably depressed in the intestine of scorbutic guinea pigs compared to controls. The intestinal transport of vitamin B12 was also diminished. Activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase on the brush border were enhanced, but that of leucine aminopeptidase markedly reduced in scorbutic animals compared to controls. Maltase activity was unaffected in vitamin C deficient animals. Chemical analysis of the brush borders isolated from scorbutic animals revealed a considerable decrease in membrane protein, total lipids, phospholipids, and free cholesterol contents compared to control animals. In vivo 2-(14)C-acetate incorporation into membrane lipids suggested that the observed decrease in lipid components of the scorbutic membranes is due to reduced synthesis. Administration of ascorbic acid to scorbutic animals ameliorated the intestinal aberrations observed in scurvy. PMID- 7305287 TI - Protein deprivation and the brain: effect on enzymes and free amino acids related to glutamate metabolism in rats. AB - 6-week-old, female albino rats were fed one of three diets containing 5, 10 and 20% casein for a period of 15 days. Rats fed the low protein diet (5% casein) lost weight (6.3 +/- 0.7 g/week), whereas those on the two higher protein diets gained weight. The concentrations of protein and free amino nitrogen in the brain were significantly lower in those on the low protein diet (5% casein) compared to those on the high protein diet (20% casein). The activities of brain enzymes, glutamine synthetase, glutamine transferase, glutaminase I, glutaminase II and glutamate decarboxylase, and the concentrations of free amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine and GABA were also lower. The prospect for nutritional rehabilitation of rats fed the low protein diet appeared to be excellent and was illustrated by the reversal of the above changes after 15 days on the high protein diet. The diet containing 10% casein was sufficient for the normal production of enzymes and free amino acids related to glutamate metabolism. PMID- 7305288 TI - Effect of corticosterone on the plasma and tissue concentrations of vitamin A in rats. AB - The administration of large doses of corticosterone to normal adult male rats resulted in a rapid loss of vitamin A from the plasma, liver, adrenals and thymus. Of the organs studied, the thymus appeared to be the most sensitive to treatment. The steroid-mediated depression of plasma and tissue contents of vitamin A was reversed when animals were treated with corticosterone in combination with vitamin A. PMID- 7305289 TI - Comparison of lipogenic responses to dietary glucose in selected mouse adipose tissues. AB - Rates of fatty acid synthesis from glucose-carbon (glucose-C) and all other 2 carbon (2-C) units were measured in three white adipose tissues sites of fasted and fed mice, which were given a test meal containing [U-14C]glucose. Total fatty acid synthesis was measured in all mice by intraperitoneal injection of 3H2O. In fasted-refed mice the rates of lipogenesis from glucose-C and all 2-C sources were much faster in popliteal than in epididymal fat. Most of the newly synthesized fatty acids were derived from glucose-C. However, in fed-refed mice these differences between the sites were minimal, and all the absolute rates were much higher than those found in fasted-refed mice. This suggested that the adipose tissue in the three sites did not have different physiological roles. Variability in the actual rates of lipogenesis, from one experiment to another, in fasted-refed mice could be attributed to small differences in the periods of fasting, before the mice were given the test meal. PMID- 7305290 TI - Action of sucrose polyesters on lipid metabolism in rats. AB - The action of sucrose polyesters (SPE) as undigestible fat-like compounds on lipid metabolism of growing rats was studied. Over a period of 4 weeks the animals were fed a semi-synthetic diet containing 6% of SPE with or without reduction of dietary fat. The substitution of dietary fats by SPE or the additional supply of SPE led to an increase of fecal lipid and cholesterol excretion, which was accompanied by a significant stimulation of in vitro cholesterol synthesis of the liver and by a significant reduction of liver cholesterol. The serum cholesterol level, however, was not affected, whereas the level of triglycerides both in serum and liver was significantly reduced to about 40% of that found in control animals. PMID- 7305291 TI - Muscle protein breakdown in thyrotoxicosis assessed by urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion. AB - Urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH) excretion has been studied in 20 thyrotoxic patients before, during and after treatment. 3MH excretion was high on diagnosis and fell significantly, when the patients had been rendered euthyroid, to levels measured in a control group. There was a significant linear correlation between 3MH excretion and free thyroxine index. The calculated muscle protein breakdown and 3MH/creatinine molar ratio also fell significantly after treatment of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 7305292 TI - Structural basis for M-173 idiotypic determinants distinctively recognized in syngeneic and allogeneic immunization: contribution of DH, JH, and J kappa regions to an idiotope recognized by allogeneic antisera. AB - Antiidiotypic antibodies directed against the M-173 (IgG2a) mouse myeloma protein have been raised in syngeneic and allogeneic conditions. The antiidiotypic repertoires of several strains of mice have been compared by isoelectrofocusing, and a major idiotype has been identified by several antisera raised in allogeneic conditions in strains of mice which did not express the Igh-Ca allotype of the BALB background. Since this idiotype could be reformed in hybrid molecules containing the M-173 heavy chains and light chains which contained the J kappa 2 region, we propose that this determinant is dependent upon the J kappa 2, DH and JH regions, in addition, most probably, to a specific contribution of residues 45 and 54 of the heavy chains. PMID- 7305293 TI - Detection of circulating immune complexes: a new application of immune adherence haemagglutination. AB - A simple, rapid and economical method involving immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) has been developed for the measurement of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in human sera. Human D-positive erythrocytes with highly active C3b receptors were employed as indicator cells. The procedure can be completed within 2 h and with 25 microliters of serum. The lower limit of sensitivity of this IAHA method was 2 micrograms/ml of heat-aggregated IgG and 16 ng/ml of IgG as antigen in a complexed state with anti-IgG antibody. By applying this method, CIC were detected in sera from categories of patients in whom CIC have been reported with other methods. Studies thus far suggest that the IAHA method may be useful in detecting and quantifying CIC in the investigation of clinical syndromes in which these complexes are believed to relate to pathogenesis. PMID- 7305294 TI - Preparation of monospecific anti-Salmonella lipopolysaccharide antibodies by affinity chromatography. AB - The use of immunoadsorbent obtained by coupling aminohexyl-sepharose 4B with Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by means of benzoquinone enabled us to obtain anti-O monospecific immune sera which can be used for a quick serological identification of some species of Salmonella in the course of a diagnosis. In this paper we describe a method for binding the LPS extracted from S. typhi murium with aminohexyl-sepharose 4B, insoluble matrix as well as the preparation of monospecific anti-O5 antibodies from plurispecific anti-S. haifa rabbit immune sera. This separation of anti-O monospecific antibodies by affinity chromatography, avoids the repeated and often tedious adsorption of anti Salmonella immune sera by the whole corresponding bacteria. Such immunoabsorbents can be used several times without appreciable loss of their affinity properties. PMID- 7305295 TI - [Isolation of "Toxoplasma gondii" membrane antigens using latex microspheres (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a method for isolation of Toxoplasma gondii antigenic membrane components. Technical work is described into four points: 1) specific labelling of membrane proteins was realised by DD125ISA; 2) methacrylate microspheres were bound to unbroken toxoplasma membranes by the mean of an indirect technic with antibody molecules (double sandwich); these microspheres were used to modify the membrane density; 3) toxoplasmas bound to microspheres were broken by sonication; 4) microspheres fixed to membrane components were isolated by isopycnic ultracentrifugation on continuous sucrose gradient. PMID- 7305296 TI - Central somatosensory conduction after head injury. AB - In 94 patients with head injuries, conduction between the lower brainstem and the cerebral cortex was studied by recording evoked potentials from the scalp and neck following stimulation of the median nerves. A conduction time 3 SD or more above the normal mean (5.74 +/- 0.46 msec) or the absence of an evoked potential over one or both hemispheres was considered abnormal. During successive periods in the first 35 days after injury, the evoked potentials correlated with the outcome (classified as good or not good) in 75 to 84% of patients. Within 3 1/2 days the outcome was correctly predicted in 38 of 49 patients (78%). Six of the 7 surviving patients with persistent asymmetries of the cerebral evoked potentials remained hemiplegic. Serial studies over one year showed that both conduction time and amplitude recovered exponentially over many months, but differences persisted between the patients who made a good recovery and those who remained disabled. PMID- 7305297 TI - Humoral immunity in myasthenia gravis: biochemical characterization of acquired antireceptor antibodies and clinical correlations. AB - The titer and characteristics of antiacetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab) were investigated in 184 patients with myasthenia gravis. Mean AChR-Ab titers of each clinical grade increased with the severity of the disease. AChR-Ab was always of an IgG class. IgM (5 of 92) and IgA (2 of 48) class AChR-Ab were detected, but only concurrently with IgG and in low concentrations. IgG subclass 3 was not prominent. In 3 patients with AChR-Ab titers in the normal range, blockade of bungarotoxin binding to receptor could still be demonstrated. AChR-Ab from 6 patients was heterogeneous in affinity for receptor, reactivity from human ocular and gastrocnemius muscle, and blockade ot toxin binding. AChR-Ab was oligoclonal in 4 of 6 patients, as shown by concurrent production of AChR-Ab IgG of both kappa and lambda types. Amniotic fluid and fetal cord serum did not interfere with antibody-receptor interaction. Variation in the pattern of weakness among patients was a function of both the heterogeneity of AChR antibodies and the antigenic uniqueness of receptor complexes from different human muscles. PMID- 7305298 TI - Pharyngoesophageal motor function in patients with myotonic dystrophy. AB - Six adults with myotonic dystrophy underwent detailed radiological and manometric studies of pharyngoesophageal function. Four of the patients had no history of swallowing dysfunction, while two had very mild symptoms. All patients showed abnormalities of pharyngoesophageal function. Pharyngeal peristalsis was present but of low amplitude. Resting upper esophageal sphincter pressure was diminished, but the sphincter relaxed normally. Peristalsis in the esophageal body was invariably absent in the striated muscle segment of the esophagus and was either absent of decreased in amplitude in the smooth muscle segment. The lower esophageal sphincter was normal. Myotonia did not occur in the sphincters or the esophageal body. These findings suggest that pharyngoesophageal dysfunction is common in patients with myotonic dystrophy, even when clinical symptoms are absent. The abnormalities are probably related to muscle weakness rather than to myotonia in the pharyngeal and esophageal musculature. PMID- 7305299 TI - Retardation of Schwann cell division and axonal regrowth following nerve crush in experimental lead neuropathy. AB - In experimental lead neuropathy, Schwann cells undergo segmental demyelination and possible cell death and, concurrently, remyelination and multiplication to create new internodes of myelin and onion bulb formations. In rats fed 4% lead carbonate for three months, the ability of Schwann cells to divide (percentage showing mitotic figures, labeling index, n total number per millimeter of fascicular length of nerve) was studied serially for four weeks. Schwann cell events were also compared in sural nerve distal to crush with and without resection of an intervening length of nerve. In both cases, Schwann cell multiplication as a result of axotomy was retarded in lead-intoxicated as compared to control animals. On the average, regrown myelinated axons four weeks after and 10 mm below the point of crush in lead-treated animals were similar in number and smaller in caliber, but they exhibited a normal relationship of myelin thickness to axonal area compared with control animals. These studies provide evidence that Schwann cell division and axonal regrowth after crush are retarded in experimental lead neuropathy. PMID- 7305300 TI - Biophysical and pathological effects of cryogenic nerve lesion. AB - Changes in endoneurial fluid pressure (EFP) and morphology were studied in rat sciatic nerves frozen for 60 seconds with a cryoprobe designed for human cryoanalgesia. The onset of increased EFP was rapid, and a peak of 23 cm H2O was reached within 90 minutes after injury. EFP levels returned to normal 32 days after freezing. The peak value represents the highest EFP yet recorded in an experimental neuropathy. Microscopic examination revealed severe vascular injury as the probable mechanism of edema, with leakage of horseradish peroxidase tracer at the site of injury and diapedesis of polymorphonuclear cells through vessel walls. Wallerian degeneration was also observed in segments of nerve distal to the site of injury. Analysis of EFP data revealed a biphasic pattern of endoneurial edema: initial marked pressure elevation subsides within hours but is followed by a second peak several days later. We interpret this to suggest superposition of two separate pathological processes following cold injury. At first, extensive vascular damage permits plasma and cellular extravasation, which rapidly increases EFP. Subsequently, nerve fibers undergo wallerian degeneration, a process associated with elevated EFP, which is maximal 6 days after injury. PMID- 7305301 TI - Peripheral Nerve unmyelinated axons following lumbar sympathectomy. AB - One year after bilateral lumbar sympathectomy for Raynaud's syndrome, a young woman underwent fascicular biopsy of the sural nerve to help elucidate the cause of lower limb pain. The morphological features, density, and diameter spectrum of unmyelinated fibers were normal. The sympathetic nervous system appears to contribute few, if any, axons to the total population of unmyelinated axons in this cutaneous nerve. PMID- 7305302 TI - Cryoglobulinemia with encephalopathy: successful treatment by plasma exchange. AB - A 54-year-old man with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia developed a diffuse and focal encephalopathy while systemic vasculitis was active and serum cryoglobulin was markedly increased. No other cause for his encephalopathy could be determined and the diagnosis of cryoglobulinemic cerebral vasculitis was made. Treatment with plasma exchange, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide resulted in clearing of the encephalopathy and reduction in serum cryoglobulin. The onset of improvement was temporally related to the initiation of plasma exchange. Plasma exchange may have a role in the treatment of other patients with life-threatening immune complex diseases involving the nervous system. PMID- 7305303 TI - Myotonic dystrophy: calcium-dependent phosphatidic acid synthesis in erythrocytes. AB - Recently it was reported that calcium-dependent phosphatidic acid synthesis in erythrocyte of patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy (MyD) is markedly impaired when compared to that in control subjects. Using 32P-loaded erythrocytes, we found no significant difference in the levels of 32P phosphatidic acid synthesized after exposure to calcium and its ionophore A23187 between patients with MyD and controls. In a batch experiment typical of the experiments with 32P, and a twofold increase of phosphatidic acid in both groups was determined by inorganic phosphate measurements. Thus, the specific activity of the 32P-phosphatidic acid increased four- to five-fold in response to calcium Analyses of 32P-polyphosphoinositide breakdown in ghosts and in adenosine triphosphate-depleted erythrocytes also appeared normal for patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy. Possible discrepancies between the results presented here and those reported previously are discussed. PMID- 7305304 TI - Comment on erythrocyte phospholipid metabolism in myotonic muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7305305 TI - Nature of the decussated innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. PMID- 7305306 TI - Diabetic thoracoabdominal neuropathy. PMID- 7305307 TI - Adult Arnold-Chiari malformation type I associated with an aseptic meningeal reaction. PMID- 7305308 TI - Compressive myelopathy in the Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. PMID- 7305312 TI - [Nisin adsorption on solid substrate particles]. PMID- 7305311 TI - [Sensitivity of lactobacilli of the subgenus Thermobacterium to the action of bacteriocins]. AB - Sensitivity of 278 cultures of Thermobacterium to 30 types of bacteriocins produced by L. acidophilus, L. salivarius, L. jugurti, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. fermentum, L. brevis and L. buchneri was studied with the method of delayed antagonism. It was shown that all cultures of L. Salivarius, L. jugurti, L. helveticus, L. lactis, L. leichmannii, L. bulgaricus and L. delbrueckii and 94.1 per cent of L. acidophilus were sensitive to one or several bacteriocin types. The cultures of L. acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. jugurti, L. helveticus, L. lactis, L. bulgaricus and L. delbrueckii were sensitive to 26, 15, 28, 2 and 29 lactocin types respectively. PMID- 7305309 TI - [Rifampicin preparations for internal use and their bioavailability]. AB - Bioavailability of rifampicin in 150 mg capsules manufactured by 5 different companies was studied. Conditions for investigation of the rate of the antibiotic transfer into solution with the use of the "Rotating Basket" apparatus were determined and statistically significant differences were found. The drugs also differed in the level and rate of antibiotic absorption into the blood of humans. PMID- 7305310 TI - [Process of sodium fusidate inactivation as affected by oxygen and humidity]. AB - The effect of oxygen and moisture on stability of sodium fusidate was studied. It was shown that inactivation of the antibiotic in the atmosphere of oxygen was due to its oxidation in the preparations with low humidity levels. In the preparations with high humidity levels, the main cause of the antibiotic inactivation was hydrolysis with respect to C-16-O-acetyl group. When sodium fusidate was air stored, the salts of 24, 25-dioxy-and 24, 25-dioxy-11 monoketofusidic acids were identified among the products of its inactivation. The salts of 24,25-dioxy-11-monoketofusidic acid were also prepared by oxidation of fusidic acid with potassium permanganate in a weak alkaline medium. The possibility of using sodium sulfite and metabisulfite as stabilizers for th antibiotic storage was shown. PMID- 7305314 TI - [Changes in Bacillus pumilus antibiotic activity and sensitivity with integration and disintegration of plasmid pPL 7065]. AB - The role of plasmid pPL 7065 in the control of the antibiotic production and sensitivity in Bac. pumilus was studied with the use a plasmid-free strain and strains containing the plasmid in the cells in a free or chromosome-integrated state. It was found that all the strains had antibiotic activity only with respect to a limited number of gram-positive bacteria. Still, the antibiotics produced by them differed in the antibacterial spectrum. The antibiotic produced by the plasmid-free strain had a broader spectrum. It was shown that the bacteria with the plasmid in th free state were sensitive to the antibiotics produced by the plasmid-free strain for the strain or the strain with the chromosome integrated plasmid. It was suggested that plasmid pPL 7065 played the role of a modifier of the antibiotic activity and sensitivity in Bac. pumilus and carried no genetic information for the control of the antibiotic synthesis. Their formation is determined by the chromosome genes. PMID- 7305313 TI - [Experimental effect of the polysaccharide mannan on lymph and blood serum biochemical indices]. AB - The effect of mannan, a polysaccharide of the microbial origin on the content of protein fractions, total protein, glucose, cholesterol (total, free and bound), urea, urea nitrogen and residual nitrogen in the lymph and serum of blood was studied on rabbits. Mannan was administered intramuscularly in the form of a 0.06 per cent solution in single doses of 0.06-6 mg/kg and repeatedly in doses of 0.60 3 mg/kg for 3-49 days. The lymph specimens were collected from the thoracic duct 1 and 24 hours after mannan administration. The study showed that in any dose administered once mannan induced an increase in the content of upsilon-globulin in the lymph and no increase in the blood serum, characterized by changes in the ratio of the other protein fractions. No other changes in the biochemical indices of the blood lymph and serum in the experimental animals were noted. When used repeatedly mannan had no effect on the content of protein fractions in the blood lymph and serum. the study on changes in the biochemical indices of the lymph provided additional data on the character of the mannan effect in the host. PMID- 7305315 TI - [Effect of antibiotics and stimulants on the functional activity of cultured macrophages]. AB - Kanamycin and ampicillin alone or in combination with leucocytic pyrogen, pyrogenal and prodigiozan were tested in cultures of peritoneal macrophages infected with Shigella. The function of the cells was estimated by the phagocytosis indices (with an account of the phases of the Shigella absorption and digestion) and activity of the oxidation-reduction (the NBT test) and hydrolytic (acid phosphatase) enzymes. The inhibitory effect of the antibiotics on the functional activity of the cultivated macrophages was shown. In the presence of kanamycin a decrease in the absorptive and digestive functions of the cells with respect to Shigella was observed. The decreased activity of the oxidation-reduction enzymes and acid phosphatase in the cells almost at all observation periods was also evident of inhibition of the phagocytosis terminal phase, i.e. the intracellular digestion of the bacteria. The use of ampicillin resulted in lower levels of Shigella absorption, while the phase of the bacteria digestion remained pronounced. At the same time the decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase) participating in intracellular digestion of Shigella was characteristic of a clear tendency to their inhibition in the presence of ampicillin. The preliminary treatment of the cells with leucocytic pyrogen, pyrogenal and prodigiozan eliminated partially or completely the inhibitory effect of the antibiotics on the functional activity of the cultivated macrophages. PMID- 7305316 TI - [Method of determining grisin residues in animal husbandry products]. AB - The possibility of grisin binding in animal organs and tissues was studied and more accurate methods for determination of grisin in animal foods were developed. Such products as meat, milk, fat, eggs and subproducts (liver, kidneys, lungs), as well as organs and tissues of rabbits were tested. The antibiotic was added to the feed in an amount of 400 mg per head. The animals and poultry were killed 1 hour after the feeding. It was shown that grisin was partially bound in vitro and in vivo in the organs and tissues and could not be detected with the routine methods. A procedure for enzymatic hydrolysis of the homogenates with pancreatin, a proteolytic enzyme was elaborated by the authors for determination of the adsorbed or bound antibiotic. The procedure of the enzymatic hydrolysis used alone or in combination with thermal treatment provided determination of 90-100 per cent of grisin contained in the products, while the routine method of homogenization without thermal treatment revealed only 50-60 per cent (or 20-35 per cent in the liver). The use of the procedure increased the accuracy of the grisin traces determination 2.8-15.6 times as compared to the routine methods. It allowed one to obtain more correct data on the true levels of the drug in organs and tissues. PMID- 7305317 TI - [Polychemotherapy using carminomycin in the combined treatment of the disseminated form of Ewing's sarcoma in children]. AB - The results of the treatment of the prevalent form of Ewing's sarcoma in 85 children aged 3 to 16 years with various methods are presented. 21 patients were subjected to monochemotherapy with sarcolysine or cyclophosphamide. 26 patients received monochemotherapy with sarcolysine or cyclophosphamide in combination with irradiation of the metastases. Polychemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy was applied to 38 patients. The polychemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy was applied to 38 patients. The polychemotherapy included cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, dactinomycin and carminomycin used in various combinations. The schemes of the polychemotherapy are presented. The best results were obtained with the use of the polychemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy: the index of the 3-year survival amounted to 38.5+/-14 per cent, while in the patients subjected to the monochemotherapy in combination with irradiation of the metastases it was equal to 3.8+/-3.7 per cent. After the monochemotherapy used alone all the children died by the 2nd year. It is concluded that patients with the prevalent form of Ewing's sarcoma should b subjected to systematic treatment. Polychemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is shown to be promising. PMID- 7305318 TI - [Microorganism lysozyme activity]. PMID- 7305319 TI - Acyclovir treatment of experimental simian varicella infection of monkeys. AB - Replication of simian varicella virus (SVV) in Vero cell cultures was inhibited by acyclovir, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (ACV), at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml in culture medium. Intravenous administration of ACV at 10 mg/kg twice a day for 10 days or 15 mg/kg three times a day for 5 days to patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) beginning 48 h after SVV inoculation blocked the appearance of rash and other clinical symptoms but did not affect viremia. ACV treatment of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) at 10 mg/kg twice a day by intravenous injection beginning 24 or 72 h after SVV inoculation and continuing for 10 days had no effect on clinical symptoms, including the development of rash, or on the appearance of viremia. The minimal therapeutic results could be due to the observation that doses of 10 or 15 mg/kg produced plasma levels of ACV which were lower than 5 micrograms/ml, the concentration that inhibited SVV multiplication in vitro, and decayed rapidly. PMID- 7305320 TI - Inhibiting effects of enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia on measles virus replication: comparison with halothane. AB - Replication of measles virus in BSC cells was studied in the presence of enflurane (2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether), a commonly used volatile anesthetic agent, and its isomer, isoflurane (1-chloro-2,2,2 trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether). At clinical concentrations of the anesthetics (up to 4%), cell division was retarded, whereas only minimal toxic cellular effects were observed. The appearance of progeny virus from the cell cultures exposed to these anesthetics was decreased in a dose-related manner. Incorporation of [(3)H]uridine into measles virus nucleocapsids also decreased progressively with increasing anesthetic concentrations. In comparing the inhibition of measles virus replication in the presence of halothane (2-bromo-2 chloro,1,1,1-trifluoroethane), enflurane, or isoflurane, it was found that both inhibition of the appearance of infectious virus at 48 h postinfection and incorporation of [(3)H]uridine into measles virus nucleocapsids were proportional to the anesthetic concentrations. An equivalent degree of effect was produced by anesthetically equivalent concentrations of the three anesthetics (minimal alveolar concentration) but not by absolute concentrations. In addition, recovery of infectious virus synthesis from the inhibition encountered during exposure of infected BSC cells to halothane or isoflurane was also investigated. In cultures exposed to halothane or enflurane, recovery of infectious virus synthesis was rapid and complete. Recovery of virus synthesis was slower after isoflurane removal and did not reach the peak control titers of infected cultures not exposed to the anesthetic. Treatment with halothane resulted in the formation of a preponderance of slowly sedimenting virus nucleocapsid particles which contained less than full-length ribonucleic acids after anesthetic removal. Neither enflurane nor isoflurane treatment of BSC cultures resulted in the formation of significant levels of these slowly sedimenting particles with short genomes after anesthetic removal. PMID- 7305321 TI - Resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin in the Bacteroides fragilis group: inducible versus constitutive tetracycline resistance. AB - The transferability of plasmid-mediated tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin resistance was studied in 63 clinical isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Of 48 strains which were tetracycline resistant (Tcr), the regulation of both the expression of Tcr and its transferability was shown to be under inducible control by tetracycline. In 29 of the strains, Tcr was transferable; in the majority of these (26 strains), transferability was inducible (Trai) and it was constitutive (Trac) in only 3 strains. All four possible phenotypes were found (Tci Trai, Tci Trac, Tcc Trai, and Tcc Trac), which indicates independent control of both Tcr expression and its transferability. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was cotransferred with Tcr in 14 of the 48 Tcr strains and transferred independently of Tcr in only 1 strain. PMID- 7305322 TI - Curative effects of tobramycin or gentamicin therapy on mouse arthritis caused by Mycoplasma pulmonis. AB - Inbred mice infected intravenously with Mycoplasma pulmonis develop a severe and persistent arthritis. Maximal severity of the arthritis is reached 10 to 14 days postinfection, and in some animals, ian arthritic condition subsequently persists throughout life. Chemotherapy was given either at the time of infection or during the acute phase of the disease. Tobramycin, gentamicin, and, to a lesser extent, kanamycin delayed the development of arthritis when administered at the time of infection, and, when given therapeutically, they all reduced inflammation and swelling of arthritic joints. Recovery of the mycoplasma was lowest from the joints of more treated with tobramycin or gentamicin, indicating that these two antibiotics were mycoplasmacidal and that the remission of arthritis was correlated with the eradication of the organisms. PMID- 7305323 TI - Properties of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:macrocin O-methyltransferase in extracts of Streptomyces fradiae strains which produce normal or elevated levels of tylosin and in mutants blocked in specific O-methylations. AB - An efficient assay for S-adenosyl-L-methionine:macrocin O-methyltransferase, the enzyme which carries out the terminal step in tylosin biosynthesis, is described. Macrocin O-methyltransferase requires Mg2+ and S-adenosyl-L-methionine for activity, has a temperature optimum of about 31 degrees C, and has a pH optimum of 7.5 to 8.2. Macrocin O-methyltransferase specifically converts macrocin to tylosin by O-methylation of the 3" ' position of macrocin. In vitro methylation studies with extracts from a tylosin-producing Streptomyces fradiae strain and from mutant strains blocked in 2" '- or 3" '-O-methylations indicated that: (i) the 2" '- and 3" '-O-methylations occur after 6-deoxy-D-allose is attached to the macrolide ring; (ii) the 2" '- and 3" '-O-methylations are carried out by separate enzymes; and (iii) the 2" '-O-methylation precedes the 3" '-O methylation. Macrocin O-methyltransferase was inhibited by high levels of its substrate, macrocin, by its product, tylosin, and by other tylosin analogs which contained mycinose or demethyl analogs of mycinose. Macrocin O-methyltransferase was produced early in the tylosin fermentation cycle by S. fradiae and preceded the onset of rapid tylosin biosynthesis by about 24 h. The enzyme specific activity reached maximum at about 72 h and then slowly declined. A mutant strain of S. fradiae selected for increased tylosin production synthesized macrocin O methyltransferase more rapidly and accumulated a higher enzyme specific activity than a wild-type strain. PMID- 7305324 TI - Gentamicin pharmacokinetic changes in induced acute canine nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis. AB - Most clinical schemes used to adjust gentamicin dosage regimens in renal insufficiency assume that the volume of distribution remains constant. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin (two-compartment open model) before and at two points during the acute phase of experimentally induced nephrotoxic (injection of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody) glomerulonephritis in beagle dogs. Disease was verified by decreased 24-h creatinine clearance, increased 24-h urinary protein excretion, and characteristic immunofluorescent, light- and electron-microscopic lesions. After disease induction, the concentration of drug in serum at time zero (Cp0) was significantly decreased and the volume of the central compartment (Vc) and the volume of distribution (Vd(area)) were increased in all treated dogs. These findings suggest that the assumption of unchanged volume of distribution in acute glomerulonephritis could lead to a serious overestimation of serum drug concentration. PMID- 7305327 TI - Treatment of stereotyped toe-walking with overcorrection and physical therapy. PMID- 7305325 TI - Fosfomycin kinetics after intravenous and oral administration to human volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of fosfomycin, administered intravenously and orally at two different doses (20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight), was studied in seven volunteers. The elimination profile of this antibiotic, when administered intravenously, followed a two-compartment kinetic model, independent of dosage, giving an elimination half-life of 2.23 +/- 0.62 h and an average total volume of distribution at steady state of 0.34 liter/kg. Peak serum levels after rapid intravenous administration of 20 and 40 mg/kg were 132.1 +/- 31.8 and 259.3 +/- 32.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Peak serum levels after oral administration were 7.1 +/- 1.6 and 9.4 +/- 3.6 micrograms/ml for the 20 and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively. During the first 24 h after administration, an average of 80% of the intravenous doses and less than 25% of the oral doses were recovered in the urine. PMID- 7305326 TI - Effects of ethambutol on accumulation and secretion of trehalose mycolates and free mycolic acid in Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - We examined the early effects of ethambutol on the synthesis of trehalose monomycolate, trehalose dimycolate, and free mycolic acid in actively growing cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis. At about 1 min after the addition of 3.0 micrograms of ethambutol per ml, the cellular level of trehalose monomycolate began to increase over the control culture. This was followed 8 to 12 min later by the cellular increases in free mycolic acid and trehalose dimycolate over the control culture and the inhibition of incorporation of mycolic acid into the cell wall. Exposure of M. smegmatis to ethambutol for more than 30 min caused all of these lipids to leak out of the cells more rapidly than in the control cells. The mechanism by which ethambutol initiates these events is unknown, but these early imbalances in lipid synthesis may be responsible for the lethal action of this drug. PMID- 7305328 TI - Why mentally retarded adults lose their jobs: social competence as a factor in work adjustment. PMID- 7305330 TI - Improving needed food intake of profoundly handicapped children through effective supervision of institutional staff. PMID- 7305329 TI - Nonexclusionary timeout: maintenance of appropriate behavior across settings. PMID- 7305331 TI - Behavioral effects of intra-institutional relocation. PMID- 7305332 TI - A comparison of punishment and DRO procedures for treating stereotypic behavior of mentally retarded children. PMID- 7305333 TI - Training procedures for acquisition and retention of reading in retarded youth. PMID- 7305334 TI - [Absenteeism from work in Belgium]. PMID- 7305335 TI - [Organization of Belgian medicolegal operations in case of disasters on national and foreign territory]. PMID- 7305336 TI - [Mercury, cadmium and lead in canned fish]. PMID- 7305338 TI - Interactions of proteins with solvent components in 8 M urea. PMID- 7305339 TI - Contrasting effects of maytansine and vinblastine on the alkylation of tubulin sulfhydryls. PMID- 7305337 TI - Synthesis of type I procollagen: formation of interchain disulfide bonds before complete hydroxylation of the protein. PMID- 7305340 TI - Metabolism of hydrogen peroxide in isolated hepatocytes: relative contributions of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in decomposition of endogenously generated H2O2. PMID- 7305341 TI - The self-diffusion of water in Artemia cysts. PMID- 7305342 TI - Substrate-dependent activation energy of the reaction catalyzed by monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7305343 TI - Problems associated with models of cytoplasmic streaming in capillary tubes. PMID- 7305344 TI - Inhibition of muscle phosphorylase a by natural components of the sarcoplasm. PMID- 7305345 TI - Temperature dependence of binding of hyaluronate oligomer to bovine nasal proteoglycan. PMID- 7305346 TI - Alkaline phosphatase in HT-29, a human colon cancer cell line: influence of sodium butyrate and hyperosmolality. PMID- 7305348 TI - Differential behavior of gizzard isoactins. PMID- 7305347 TI - The regulation of ubiquinone synthesis in fibroblasts: the effect of modulators of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase activity. PMID- 7305350 TI - Comparison of the primary structure of the acidic polypeptides of glycinin. PMID- 7305349 TI - Enzymic and physicochemical characterization of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from diploid and tetraploid cultivars of perennial ryegrass. PMID- 7305351 TI - In vitro synthesis of the glycosaminoglycans in estrogen-induced medullary bone in Japanese quail. PMID- 7305352 TI - Multiple messenger RNAs for dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 7305353 TI - Comparative metabolism and taurine-depleting effects of guanidinoethanesulfonate in cats, mice, and guinea pigs. PMID- 7305354 TI - Inactivation of L-lactate monooxygenase by nitration with tetranitromethane. PMID- 7305355 TI - Selective inactivation of cytochrome P-450 isozymes by suicide substrates. PMID- 7305356 TI - Differences in the binding of 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital to rat liver cytosolic and nuclear protein fractions. PMID- 7305357 TI - A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of the pH gradient and the inorganic phosphate distribution across the membrane in intact rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 7305358 TI - Subunit composition of high molecular weight oligomer: Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin. PMID- 7305359 TI - Arginine uptake by rabbit spermatozoa. PMID- 7305360 TI - Primary structure of the southern bean mosaic virus coat protein: first results. PMID- 7305361 TI - Effect of phthalonic acid on respiration and metabolite transport in higher plant mitochondria. PMID- 7305362 TI - Characterization of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase from human plasma: purification of the enzyme. PMID- 7305363 TI - Relations between enzymatic and association reactions in the development of bovine fibrin clot structure. PMID- 7305364 TI - Evidence for a functional ATP-citrate lyase:NADP-malate dehydrogenase pathway in bovine adipose tissue: enzyme and metabolite levels. PMID- 7305365 TI - Metabolic pathways involved in lipogenesis from lactate and acetate in bovine adipose tissue: effects of metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7305366 TI - Comparison of the metabolic effects of chylomicrons and their remnants on isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7305367 TI - Time scale of microtubule length redistribution. PMID- 7305369 TI - The kinetics of cyanide binding by human erythrocyte catalase. PMID- 7305368 TI - Energy-dependent sodium efflux and sodium-dependent alpha-aminoisobutyrate transport in purple photosynthetic bacteria. PMID- 7305371 TI - Inactivation of cardiac adenylate cyclase by oxidation, trivalent arsenicals, and N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 7305370 TI - Dehydrophenylalanyl analogs of bradykinin: synthesis and biological activities. PMID- 7305372 TI - Accelerated phospholipid degradation in anoxic rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7305373 TI - Human placental alkaline phosphatase: effects on conformation by ligands which alter catalytic activity. PMID- 7305374 TI - Effect of modification of heme propionate groups on the reactivity of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7305375 TI - Glycosaminoglycan secretion from perifused monolayer cultures of rabbit ear chondrocytes: modification of xyloside effect by colchicine and cytochalasin B. PMID- 7305376 TI - Glutathione-related inhibition of prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 7305377 TI - A combined theoretical and experimental study of the interaction of metrizamide with proteins. PMID- 7305378 TI - Nucleotide exchange in membrane vesicles from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. PMID- 7305379 TI - Modulation in vitro of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in brain microsomes: evidence for the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation associated with inactivation and activation of the enzyme. PMID- 7305380 TI - The inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by hydrated pyruvate. PMID- 7305381 TI - Alcohol-induced changes in hepatic estrogen-binding proteins: a mechanism explaining feminization in alcoholics. PMID- 7305382 TI - Oligosaccharides accumulated in the kidney of a goat with beta-mannosidosis: mass spectrometry of intact permethylated derivatives. PMID- 7305383 TI - Hypoxanthine and thymidine compete for transport in Chinese hamster fibroblasts. PMID- 7305385 TI - Kinetic evidence that the high-affinity glucose 6-phosphate site on hexokinase I is the active site. PMID- 7305384 TI - Phenoxazinone synthase from Streptomyces antibiotics: purification of the large and small enzyme forms. PMID- 7305386 TI - Requirement for a major soluble protein in the conversion of lanosterol to cholesterol by membrane-bound enzymes. PMID- 7305387 TI - Cooperative interaction of reduced pyridine nucleotides with estrogen synthetase of human placental microsomes. PMID- 7305388 TI - A comparison of the utilization of medium and long-chain fatty acids for oxidation and ketogenesis in the suckling rat: in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 7305389 TI - Effect of the oral hypoglycemic agent 2-tetradecylglycidic acid on fatty acid oxidation in suckling rats in vivo and in perfused liver. PMID- 7305390 TI - Hemocyanin of the chambered nautilus: structure-function relationships. PMID- 7305391 TI - The interaction of myosine S1 with phosphorothioates of ADP: an 18O exchange study by 31P NMR. PMID- 7305392 TI - Influence of alkyl ether chain length of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and its ethanolamine analog on biological activity toward rabbit platelets. PMID- 7305393 TI - Secondary structure of bovine alpha s1- and beta-casein in solution. PMID- 7305394 TI - Pathways of reducing equivalents in hepatocytes from starved, ethanol-induced, and hyperthyroid rats during ethanol and xylitol metabolism. PMID- 7305395 TI - Transport of 3-phosphoglyceric acid, phosphoenolpyruvate, and inorganic phosphate in maize mesophyll chloroplasts,, and the effect of 3-phosphoglyceric acid on malate and phosphoenolpyruvate production. PMID- 7305397 TI - Elastic properties of deoxy hemoglobin S (deoxy-HbS) gels. PMID- 7305396 TI - Evidence for two methyltransferase involved in the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine in the rat liver. PMID- 7305398 TI - The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene phenols by rat liver microsomal fractions. PMID- 7305399 TI - Iron content and spectral properties of highly purified bovine liver monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7305400 TI - In vitro translation of cutinase mRNA: evidence for a precursor form of an extracellular fungal enzyme. PMID- 7305401 TI - Evidence for an intermediate in the denaturation and assembly of phosphoglucose isomerase. PMID- 7305402 TI - Heart mitochondrial creatine kinase solubilization. Effect of mitochondrial swelling and SH group reagents. PMID- 7305403 TI - The molecular basis for complexation of adriamycin with flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 7305405 TI - Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase by palmitoyl-coenzyme A. PMID- 7305404 TI - Phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle: phosphorylation of kappa casein. PMID- 7305406 TI - Multiple molecular forms of peanut lectin: classification of isolectins and isolectin distribution among genotypes of the genus Arachis. PMID- 7305407 TI - Effect of ionic strength on the interaction between aldolase and actin-containing filaments. PMID- 7305408 TI - The use of 1-anilino Naphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) for studying the effects of iodination on thyroglobulin conformation. PMID- 7305409 TI - Kinetic mechanism of the human cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase E1. PMID- 7305410 TI - Child-resistant containers for drugs. PMID- 7305412 TI - Fifth day fits: a syndrome of neonatal convulsions. AB - A new syndrome of neonatal convulsions is described. Ninety cases were documented from one maternity hospital between 1973 and 1977. The appearance of this syndrome increased the annual incidence of neonatal convulsions from fewer than 3 to more than 16 per 1000 live births. Fits began on about the fifth day in apparently healthy babies. Investigations and therapeutic trials have not shown the cause. There were no deaths and all babies were discharged from hospital apparently well. The term fifth day fits is suggested with criteria for this diagnosis. PMID- 7305411 TI - Mitochondrial cytopathy. A multisystem disorder with ragged red fibres on muscle biopsy. AB - Thirteen children with abnormal mitochondria in muscle tissue, and a progressive neurological disorder that affected the cerebrum, cerebellum, extrapyramidal system, vestibular system, retina, upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, and musculature, are reported. Other signs and symptoms were short stature, diabetes mellitus, cardiopathy, hypoplastic anaemia, glomerulopathy, and renal tubular dysfunction. These symptoms may occur singly or in various combinations and the manifestation may differ even within the same family. The most common clinical picture was that of "ophthalmoplegia plus'. Occurrence in relatives varied from isolated symptoms to the complete syndrome with "ragged red fibres' and is not inconsistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expressivity. Theories for the pathophysiological basis of this syndrome are discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 7305413 TI - Hyperphenylalaninaemia of various types among three-quarters of a million neonates tested in a screening programme. AB - A total of 795 382 infants born in north London was screened for phenylketonuria using the Guthrie test between October 1969 and December 1978. During this period it became recognised that phenylketonuria is not a single disease entity but one that encompasses a number of disorders of differing clinical and biochemical severity. The overall incidence of persistent hyperphenylalaninaemia was of the order of 7 per 100 000 births (or 1 in 15 000) and all the early treated patients made normal developmental progress. During the study there was an appreciable fall in the incidence of uncomplicated transient hyperphenylalaninaemia with or without tyrosinaemia. This reduction coincided with the change in infant feeding practice in the UK which led to lower intakes of protein and phenylalanine. It was concluded that any infant found to have a persistent blood phenylalanine concentration of 240 mumol/1 (4 mg/100 ml) or greater should be followed closely. PMID- 7305414 TI - Acute splenic sequestration and hypersplenism in the first five years in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - A cord blood screening programme initiated in June 1973 had screened 68 000 normal deliveries by February 1979 with the detection of 216 cases of homozygous sickle cell disease. Regular review of these children in the Medical Research Council paediatric clinic has identified acute splenic sequestration as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the first 5 years of life. In addition to classical episodes characterised by peripheral circulatory failure, minor episodes of increasing anaemia associated with an enlarging spleen and an active marrow were also common. These minor episodes appeared to have predictive value in children who later developed severe life-threatening episodes of acute splenic sequestration. Sequestration. Sustained hypersplenism was also appreciably more common in children developing minor or major episodes of acute splenic sequestration compared with those without such a history. It is proposed that the classification of acute splenic sequestration be expanded to include these minor episodes, and that consideration be given to prevention of recurrences by splenectomy particularly in patients who also develop sustained hypersplenism. PMID- 7305415 TI - Prolactin, maternal oestrogens, and breast development in the newborn. AB - To investigate the influence of maternal oestrogens on the fetal breast development, maternal urinary oestriol excretion, maternal plasma oestriol concentrations, and cord venous plasma oestradiol and oestriol concentrations were related to the size of the neonatal breast. A significant positive association between oestriol excretion and neonatal breast size was demonstrated, but the relationship was not strong and might be due to both measures having a positive relationship with birthweight. The infants' circulating concentrations of prolactin at birth and during the first weeks of life were also related to breast size. There was no cord venous-arterial difference in prolactin concentrations, and neither related to breast diameter. However there was a strong association between breast size and prolactin concentrations in mature infants aged between 5 and 7 days. In preterm infants breast tissue often develops after birth. Prolactin levels in preterm infants were higher between 2 and 6 weeks than they were in the first week of life. It would appear that the early development of the breast is influenced more by the infants's than the mother's endocrine activity. PMID- 7305416 TI - Changing blood culture isolates in a referral neonatal intensive care unit. AB - An analysis was made of all cases of bacteraemia that had occurred in the referral neonatal intensive care unit at Hammersmith Hospital during the years 1976--79. One hundred and thirteen infants had positive blood cultures; 27 were born in the hospital, and 86 admitted from elsewhere. This gave a rate of 5.7/1000 live hospital births, and 165/1000 outborn admissions to the unit. The latter infants were predominantly of very low birthweight or were ill. Thirty three of the isolates were cultured in the first 48 hours of life (early) and the remaining 80 after that time (later). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the organism most often isolated both early and later. These results were different from those recorded in the previous 9 years (1967--75) from the same unit. Then, group B beta-haemolytic streptococcus was the organism most often isolated early, while Gram-negative bacteria predominated among later isolates. The changing nature of care may contribute to these findings. PMID- 7305417 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus with nephritis. AB - Thirty-six patients with the onset of symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus before age 20 years (23 aged less than 15 years at onset) were studied during a 15-year period. All had clinical evidence of nephritis. They were followed for a mean of 5 years (range 6 months to 13 years) or until death. Survival was calculated to be 77% at 10 years for those aged less than 15, and 74% for those aged less than 20, from the onset of clinical nephritis. At referral, renal function was already impaired in two-thirds of patients. Renal biopsies showed mild focal or proliferative changes in 19% of patients, membranous lesions in 11%, and diffuse proliferative lesions in 70%. Three (8%) patients died during follow-up, all from sepsis, and 3 (8%) others required chronic haemodialysis for terminal renal failure. The prognosis even of severe lupus nephritis in childhood and adolescence has improved in recent years. Side effects of treatment remain an important cause of death and morbidity. PMID- 7305418 TI - Correction of isolated secundum atrial septal defect in infancy. AB - Although it is a common congenital cardiac lesion, secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) rarely presents in infancy. Its natural history in the first two decades of life is generally benign. Reports of symptomatic ASD in early childhood stress the place of conservative management, and recommend that the operation should be deferred until school age. Few accounts of the indications for surgery in infancy exist. We present our experience of 6 patients who failed to respond adequately to conservative treatment and required operation for intractable heart failure due to isolated secundum ASD in the first year of life. As their presentation and physical signs were not typical of ASD seen in later childhood, they presented problems both of diagnosis and management. PMID- 7305419 TI - Effect of packed cell volume on blood glucose estimations. AB - The effect of changes in packed cell volume was studied in two commonly used reagent strip methods (Dextrostix and Reflotest) of measuring blood glucose and in a filter paper blood spot method. It was found that the results with both the reagent strip methods were greatly haematocrit-dependent. Attention is drawn to the possibility of false diagnoses of hypoglycaemia in haemoconcentrated patients and of normoglycaemia in anaemic patients. PMID- 7305420 TI - Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. PMID- 7305421 TI - Infantile aortic aneurysm complicating umbilical arterial catheterisation. PMID- 7305422 TI - Hypomelanosis of Ito: a neurocutaneous syndrome. AB - A 2 1/2-year-old girl with hypomelanosis of Ito is described. There is a bizarre distribution of congenital depigmentation stopping abruptly at the midline anteriorly, with whorl-like and zig-zag patterning. As can happen in this syndrome, there is severe retardation and intractible epilepsy, with computerized tomography showing gross cerebral atrophy. PMID- 7305423 TI - Defect of neutrophil mobility with dominant inheritance in a family with Waardenburg's syndrome. PMID- 7305424 TI - T3 uptake tests in newborn infants. PMID- 7305426 TI - Examinations in paediatrics. PMID- 7305427 TI - Behavioural effects of phenobarbitone and phenytoin in small children. AB - Mothers of 56 children under 2 years old taking phenobarbitone and mothers of 55 children taking phenytoin recorded on questionnaires changes they had noted in the children's behaviour 3 and 9 weeks after starting the drug. Severe behavioural disturbance was noted by many, but the pattern and incidence was similar to that recorded by the mothers of 50 children starting a placebo, and we attribute it to the effect of a recent hospital admission. There was a small improvement in the behaviour of 20% of children who had been taking phenobarbitone for a year when they stopped it, but in this age group the disturbance caused by phenobarbitone did not appear to have been great. PMID- 7305425 TI - Prophylaxis in bacterial meningitis. PMID- 7305428 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism. Clinical and laboratory characteristics in infants detected by neonatal screening. PMID- 7305429 TI - Deficiency of non-suppressible insulin-like activity in thalassaemia major. AB - The commonly occurring short stature in the condition of thalassaemia major was investigated with respect to the possible role of the somatomedin growth factor low molecular weight non-suppressible insulin-like activity (NSILAs). Nineteen affected patients (12 boys, 7 girls) aged between 2 and 21 years were studied. Twelve of them were on or below the 10th centile for height of whom 7 were on or below the 3rd centile for height. Serum immunoreactive growth hormone responses to exercise were normal in 9 of 11 subjects tested. Using an isolated fat cell bioassay NSILAs was undetectable in 10 and was more than 2 SD below the normal mean value in the other 9 subjects. High molecular weight NSILA (not a growth factor) was very low or undetectable in all 9 subjects tested. Low molecular weight NSILAs did not show the normal correlation with age in childhood, nor was there any correlation with height, height velocity, or bone age. The 2 children above the 50th centile for height had undetectable NSILAs. There was no evidence of iron or ferritin interfering in the bioassay, and mixing experiments showed no evidence of inhibitory activity towards NSILAs in thalassaemic sera. Low circulating levels of the somatomedin NSILAs may contribute to the short stature in thalassaemia major, but other factors may permit normal growth in some affected children. PMID- 7305430 TI - Use of external expiratory resistance in intubated neonates to increase lung volume. AB - Ten intubated neonates (weights 0.90 to 2.58 kg) recovering from respiratory disease had lung mechanics, respiratory patterns, and functional residual capacity measured at 0 cmH2O continuous positive airways pressure and then after application of serially increasing levels of external expiratory resistance. At an external expiratory resistance greater than 40 cmH2O/1 per second, there was a significant increase in mean functional residual capacity compared with control levels. Immediately after the application of external expiratory resistance, there was a significant decrease in flow which returned to control values after a few breaths. Tidal volume and respiratory rate decreased for a few breaths after the application of the external expiratory resistance, but returned to control values after several seconds. Study age, gestational age, or study weight had no appreciable effect on the relationship between functional residual capacity and external expiratory resistance. Application of external expiratory resistance may be useful for stabilising lung volume in neonates recovering from respiratory disease. PMID- 7305431 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase status and neonatal jaundice. AB - Neonatal jaundice and its relationship to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) status of healthy, term Chinese infants was evaluated in 220 G6PD deficient infants, 26 intermediate infants who were observed for 3 weeks, and 116 normal (control) infants. Each infant was free of isoimmunisation, cephalhaematomas, or contusions. The mode of labour, method of delivery, and type of feeds had no appreciable effect on daily bilirubin levels. "Elevated" physiological jaundice was associated with normal and G6PD-deficient status; there was no increased haemolysis. G6PD-deficient status was associated with jaundice significantly raised especially in the first week of life, and prolonged beyond that of the "elevated" physiological jaundice. Significantly increased though mild haemolysis was observed. Close surveillance is therefore required for G6PD-deficient infants at least for the first week of life, the period of increased risk. With G6PD-intermediate infants, only the usual measures for normal infants are required. PMID- 7305432 TI - Percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine in neonatal cord care. AB - The percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine during its routine use in topical antiseptic preparations used in umbilical cord care was investigated by determining plasma chlorhexidine concentrations at ages 5 and 9 days. These showed that percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine occurred in preterm neonates treated with a 1% solution of chlorhexidine in ethanol, but not in term infants similarly treated, or in preterm infants treated only with a dusting powder containing 1% chlorhexidine and 3% zinc oxide. PMID- 7305433 TI - Device for continuous urine collection in the newborn. PMID- 7305435 TI - Galactosaemia: a new severe variant due to uridine diphosphate galactose-4 epimerase deficiency. AB - A baby presented on day 5 with symptoms of classical galactosaemia which are believed to be owing to a lack of uridine diphosphate-4-epimerase, rather than to the usual galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase defect. Apart from galactosaemia the condition was characterised biochemically by a red cell accumulation of galactose-1-phosphate and uridine diphosphate galactose. Galactose restriction modified the acute clinical and biochemical abnormality, but it appears essential to include some galactose in the diet in this condition to allow synthesis of galactosides, including the brain gangliosides. PMID- 7305436 TI - Apnoea monitoring at home. PMID- 7305434 TI - Chromosome 15 in floppy infants. PMID- 7305437 TI - Recurrent croup and allergy. PMID- 7305438 TI - Transient tachypnoea of the newborn. PMID- 7305439 TI - Measurement of low level carbon-14 in biologic specimens by wet ashing. PMID- 7305440 TI - Polymorphonuclear granulocyte chemotaxis and chemotactic factor generation by concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with psoriasis. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with psoriasis demonstrated a significantly enhanced chemotactic responsiveness to zymosan-activated human serum as compared to granulocytes from healthy volunteers. Furthermore, psoriatic peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with concanavalin a produced an increased amount of lymphocyte derived chemotactic factor (LDCF) as compared to that in the case of healthy persons. The LDCF proved to be chemokinetic for the psoriatic granulocyte. It is postulated that these two phenomena may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. PMID- 7305441 TI - [Histologic and electron microscopical investigations in a patient with benign verrucosis generalisata (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on a 43-year-old man who has been suffering from pointed condylomata in the region of scrotum and anus since 1975. Repeated relapses. Since 1977 verrucous lesions spreading from thorax to both arms and the throat. Histologic examination revealed intraepidermal foci of balloon cells in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum, partly with intranuclear basophilic inclusions. Electron microscopy showed an intact basal lamina and also partly intact epidermis. Only in the focal area the epidermopoiesis is disturbed already from the basal layer, with vacuolated destruction of the basal keratinocytes and condensation of the cytoplasm, as well as formation of myelin figures. This degenerative process together with enlarged intercellular spaces and partly conserved desmosomes continues into the stratum granulosum. From the upper stratum spinosum balloon cells characteristic for warts are found. In the stratum granulosum there are abundant atypic keratohyalin granules, and in the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum characteristic virus-containing kerationcytes are found. Furthermore, there are lots of released virus elementary bodies deposited in bizarre shapes at the horny lamellae: crystalloid or garland-, chain-, letter , or wreath-shaped. PMID- 7305442 TI - On the use of infrared spectroscopy for the in vivo measurement of the water content of the horny layer after application of dermatologic ointments. AB - Infrared-spectroscopic investigations of the water content of the stratum corneum after application of emulsions and wash solutions are reported. As a methodologic variation infrared spectroscopy is applied after stripping the skin to determine the hydration of various depths of the stratum corneum by ointments. Using soap as an example, a method of correcting the overlap effects between the ointment and skin spectrums is presented which expands the application possibilities of infrared spectroscopy. An o/w emulsion with plenty of water and a w/o emulsion containing less water produce to almost the same degree a hydration of the deeper layers of the stratum corneum which lasts for at least 40 min. The report in the literature that soap solutions produced a stronger hydration of the stratum corneum and surfactant solutions is not supported. PMID- 7305443 TI - Lucus B HLA antigens in psoriatic patients. Population and family studies and clinical relationship. AB - The HLA gene and haplotype frequencies in psoriatic population (N = 136) and families (N = 47) were estimated. The significant association with HLA-B17 and B13 was found. The relative risk for these antigens was 4.4 and 2.4, respectively. The most frequent haplotypes carrying the "psoriatic" antigens was HLA-A1, B17 and HLA-A10, B17, with significant relative risk, equalled 8.24 and 5.75. The distribution of HLA-B13 and B17 phenotypes according to the three groups of clinical activity and four groups of extent of skin lesions were considered. The strong association between HLA-B17 and psoriasis with large skin involvement (more than 50%) was observed. The possible role of antigen B17 in pathomechanism of psoriasis is discussed. PMID- 7305444 TI - Heat-labile glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in cultured fibroblasts from patients with De Sanctis-Cacchione Syndrome. AB - The normal senescent fibroblasts in culture accumulate a significantly high proportion of altered enzymes, and the alterations are considered to be the manifestation of ageing in molecular terms. To detect the possible molecular alterations in patients with De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome, the severest form of xeroderma pigmentosum, in which repair processes to UV light-damaged DNA are defective and the neurologic abnormalities are considered to reflect accelerated ageing, we studied the heat stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in crude extracts of cultured skin fibroblasts. Three patients with the syndrome were the center of our investigation. Even at early passage in culture the heat labile portion of G6PD was increased in the cells from patients in comparison to normal controls. The life span of the cells in culture from patients was not reduced below normal age-matched controls, and no appreciable senescent appearance was observed. The increase in the heat-labile portion of G6PD from cells of DeSanctis-Cacchione syndrome patients to reflect that defective repair of DNA damage occurs, rather than being a direct result of ageing of cultured cells. PMID- 7305445 TI - Effects of retinoid (Ro 10-9359) on peritoneal cells in mice. PMID- 7305446 TI - Acute lethality and effects of sublethal cadmium exposure on ventilation frequency and cough rate of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). AB - Several experiments were designed to determine the effects of sublethal cadmium exposure on ventilation rate and cough response of bluegill. Populations of test fish were selected to represent extremes in history of heavy metal exposures. Exposure to cadmium concentrations less than 1% of the reported median lethal threshold value produced significant increases in both ventilation frequency and cough rate. Changes in cough rates were directly proportional to the cadmium concentration. Cough response is an accurate short-term measure of chronic cadmium toxicity. There was good correlation between cadmium concentrations producing significant increases in cough rates and known MATC values. Based on acute toxicity studies and on changes in ventilation and cough rates, bluegill collected from a metal-contaminated lake did not exhibit increased tolerance to the toxic effects of cadmium. PMID- 7305447 TI - Heavy metal concentrations in the Holston River Basin (Tennessee). AB - Contamination levels of zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, lead, and manganese of the major streams in the Holston River Basin in Eastern Tennessee are reported and compared with other waterways. Heavy metal levels are sufficiently high in areas of the Basin to affect the health of aquatic life. The levels of cadmium, copper, manganese, lead and zinc were measured in fish samples from each lake and stream in the Basin and compared to those reported for fish throughout the world. The use of fish to monitor the levels of heavy metals is discussed as an alternative to grab samples of water; mercury levels in fish muscle reflected pollution of a stream, whereas grab samples of water did not. PMID- 7305448 TI - The accumulation and disposition of benz(a)acridine in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. AB - The bioconcentration and metabolism of benz(a)acridine in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was investigated using 14C-labelled benz(a)acridine. The rates of uptake, elimination, and metabolic transformation of benz(a)acridine were estimated in the fish. The equilibrium concentration factor [ratio of benz(a)acridine concentration in fish (wet weight) to benz(a)acridine concentration in water] was estimated at 106 +/- 17. The observed bioconcentration factor was about one tenth of that predicted by octanol-water partitioning models. Metabolic alteration was estimated to reduce the degree of bioconcentration 50 to 90% from the hypothetical case in which metabolic transformation did not occur. Benz(a)acridine metabolites attained concentrations in the fish considerably in excess of benz(a)acridine itself. PMID- 7305449 TI - 2,4,5-T effects on cardiac and serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) isozymes. I. Maternal enzyme activities and isozyme profiles. AB - Pregnant mice were exposed to 100 mg/kg 2,4,5-T, IG, on gestation days 6 through 17, and sacrificed on postpartum day 1 or 21. Toxicologic evaluation showed no changes in body weight, heart weight, heart to body weight ratio, or cardiac supernate protein between corn oil control and 2,4,5-T treated mice on days 1 or 21 postpartum (pp). There were no effects of 2,4,5-T treatment on the total LDH enzyme activity of cardiac supernate on day 1 or 21pp. Serum LDH total activity was depressed on day 1pp and comparable to control values on day 21pp. Cardiac CK total activity was elevated on day 1pp, but not on day 21pp. Serum CK total activity on day 1 was comparable to control values; however, on day 21, a significant decrease in activity was observed. Cardiac LDH and CK isozyme profiles were normal on days 1 and 21pp. The serum LDH isozyme profile was normal at both times. The serum CK isozyme profile on Day 1 was markedly altered by athe appearance of two aberrant isozyme bands while on day 21, there was a profile shift with an increase in the BB band and a compensatory decrease in the MM band. These changes in creatine kinase suggest metabolic or pathologic changes in the cardiac muscle. PMID- 7305450 TI - 2,4,5-T effects on cardiac and serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) isozymes. II. Neonatal enzyme activities and isozyme profiles. AB - Neonates from CD-1 mice, which were treated during gestation with 100 mg/kg of 2,4,5-T, were studied from day 1 to 30 postpartum (pp) for effects on cardiac development by determining total cardiac activities and isozyme profiles of LDH and CK. On day 1pp, the total activities and isozyme profiles of LDH of the neonatal hearts were normal. During the developmental period of day 7 through 15, changes were noted in the developmental pattern of LDH isozymes some of which continued to day 30. The CK isozyme profile on day 1pp showed a significant change and changes continued throughout the lactational period. During this period, the normal developmental isozyme patterns of LDH and CK were altered by prenatal exposure to 2,4,5-T suggesting metabolic derangement or pathological changes in the neonatal heart. PMID- 7305451 TI - Toxicologic evaluation of diisopropyl methylphosphonate and dicyclopentadiene in cattle. AB - Diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP), and dicyclopentadiene [3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro 4,7-methyanoindene] (DCPD), were found as contaminants of groundwater in Colorado. Since there was a potential for cattle to be exposed to these chemicals by drinking well water, a study of their effects was initiated. Eight-to-ten week old calves were given a single dose of either DIMP at 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.) or DCPD at 250, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg of b.w. The calves given DIMP developed tympanitis and ataxia, followed by depression, prostration, and death within two hr after dosing. A slight but significant increase in activated partial thromboplastin time was the only change observed in any of the clinical pathologic parameters. The only gross pathologic changes were acute gastroenteritis with hemorrhages in calves given 1000 mg/kg of b.w. Mild signs of intoxication, ataxia and excess salivation, were observed in calves given 250 mg of DCPD/kg of b.w. At higher doses, these signs were intensified; in addition, calves fell and, while prostrate, exhibited running movements and tonic, clonic spasms. The severity of the signs observed increased as the dose of DCPD increased. All calves given 2000 mg/kg of b.w. and one calf given 1000 mg/kg of b.w. died before seven days after dosing. The only clinical pathologic changes found were increased serum levels of creating phosphokinase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. The only consistent gross pathologic change was congestion in a variety of tissues in calves given 2000 mg/kg of b.w. A variety of histologic changes were observed in tissues from calves treated with both chemicals. However, these changes were not consistent for any one dose level and were not dose dependent. DIMP was slightly toxic for calves, since no signs of intoxication were observed at doses less than 1000 mg/kg of b.w. DCPD exerted detrimental effects on calves at 250 mg/kg of b.w. and was classified as moderately toxic. PMID- 7305452 TI - 1,3,5-Trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene in fish, shellfish, and seawater in Tokyo Bay, 1977-1979. AB - Concentrations of 1,3,5-trichloro-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene (CNP) were measured in goby-fish, sea bass, shellfish, and seawater samples collected in the coastal waters of Tokyo Bay. The concentrations of CNP found in goby-fish were in the range of 2.6 to 91,400 ppb in liver, 0.1 to 360 ppb in muscle, trace to 2,900 ppb in short-necked clam, and not detectable to 1.9 ppb in seawater. Although the concentrations in the samples varied with time and place of sampling, the maximum levels were found in the samples obtained in May or June of 1977, 1978, and 1979. PMID- 7305453 TI - Tissue residues of dietary cadmium in wood ducks. AB - One-week-old wood ducks were fed cadmium in diets containing 18 or 30% protein for a period of three months. Seven drakes from each group were sacrificed, and blood, brain, muscle, kidney, liver, and wing feather tissues were collected and analyzed for cadmium. Highest cadmium concentrations were found in the kidney, liver, and feather tissues; blood, muscle, and brain cadmium residue levels were undetectable. Except in the kidney tissue, protein level of the diet did not affect cadmium residue levels. For birds that were changed to a cadmium-free, high-protein ration at 13 weeks of age, regression analysis indicated a significant decrease in cadmium residue levels for the kidney tissue only. Growth, as measured by bodyweight at 13 weeks of age, was not affected by the various cadmium treatment levels. Histopathological examination revealed lesions in the kidney tissues of the 100 ppm cadmium treatment groups, which were more severe in those birds receiving the 18% protein diet. Vacuolation of the pancreatic acinar cells was observed in all groups, but tended to occur more frequently in the higher cadmium level groups. PMID- 7305454 TI - [Effect of semisynthetic cephalosporins on the LAL test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305455 TI - [Serum levels and urinary and fecal excretion of ethamicylin HCI (solucylin). Oral and intravenous administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305456 TI - [Toxicological and pharmacological studies on a new drug: pirfibrate (EL-466) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305457 TI - [Weight modification of rat male accesory sexual glands by castration and treatment with oestrogens, melatonine and cyproterone. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305458 TI - [Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia. About a case, review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305459 TI - [Esthesio-neuroblastoma. Cell culture and electron microscopy study of the neuroblasts isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305460 TI - [Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with pancreatic fibro-adenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305461 TI - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Clinicopathological study of a case with lesions confined to the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305462 TI - [Automated analysis of cervical smears. II. - Automated discrimination between normal, dysplasic and cancer cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305463 TI - [A correlative study of cytology and carcinoembryonic antigen determination in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of breast cancer cerebro-meningeal metastases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305464 TI - [Mammary lobular carcinoma (or small cell carcinoma). Cytologic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305465 TI - [Detection and diagnosis of tumours f the central nervous system by cytological study of cerebrospinal and tumoral cyst fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305466 TI - [Cytologic and histological diagnose of bronchopulmonary tumors (237 surgical cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305467 TI - [The first case echinococcus multilocularis in Tunisia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305468 TI - [Histologic classification of hepatic siderosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305469 TI - [Advantages to use long-edged glassknives to cut renal biopsies embedded in paraffin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305470 TI - Change of prostaglandin E level in joint fluids after treatment with flurbiprofen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. AB - The prostaglandin E (PGE) level in the knee joint fluid was determined by radioimmunoassay before and after anti-inflammatory therapy with flurbiprofen in 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 4 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The level of PGE in RA joint fluids before the anti-inflammatory treatment was 9.5-1.2 ng/ml and in proportion with the leucocyte count in the joint fluid. A marked decrease of the PGE level was attained with flurbiprofen treatment in 4 patients whose initial PGE levels had been higher than 3.2 ng/ml, while 4 patients with lower PGE levels, namely, 1.4-1.2 ng/ml, did not respond to the drug treatment. In all the OA patients the PGE levels was no higher than 1.5 ng/ml and refractory to the anti-inflammatory therapy. PMID- 7305471 TI - Role of immune complexes in hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and nonmetastatic polyarthritis. AB - Three case histories of patients with histologically proved malignant disease and an associated nonmetastatic symmetrical polyarthropathy are analysed. No evidence of a pathogenetic role for immune complexes was found in hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, whereas there is considerable evidence suggesting that the nonmetastatic polyarthritis associated with malignant lymphoma is an immune complex phenomenon. PMID- 7305472 TI - Lactate UV-system: a rapid method for diagnosis of septic arthritis. AB - The concentration of lactic acid in synovial fluid was estimated in 43 specimens from patients with an acute monoarthritis by a simple enzyme method. In 9 patients with 10 episodes of septic arthritis concentrations of synovial fluid lactic acid were significantly higher (mean 10.8 mmol/l) than in 33 patients with nonseptic effusions (mean 3.1 mmol/l). With this method concentrations of synovial fluid lactic acid provide a rapid diagnostic guide in the separation of septic from nonseptic arthritis. PMID- 7305473 TI - The giant cells in the synovial membrane. AB - Histopathological examinations of synovial tissues, obtained in 393 operations, disclosed the presence of foreign body giant cells or synovial giant cells or both in 51 cases. The presence of the former could be related to the occurrence of material foreign to the location, whereas for the latter group fo coincidence of precipitated fibrin only was noted in a significant number of cases. The patients operated upon were classified by 10 diagnosed entities of joint disease, and the synovial giant cells, lysing among synoviocytes or in the subsynoviocytic tissue, were observed in 8 of these categories. Thus no diagnostic significance could be attributed to the giant cells. PMID- 7305474 TI - Serum histidine in rheumatoid arthritis: a family study. AB - We have compared free serum histidine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, their blood relatives, and their non-blood relatives. The hypohistidinaemia of rheumatoid arthritis is acquired with the disease and does not provide a biochemical marker of those at risk. PMID- 7305475 TI - Successful treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm due to giant cell arteritis. AB - A 72-year-old women with polymyalgia rheumatica clinically controlled on maintenance steroid therapy presented with symptoms of chest pain and numbness in the right arm. A diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm was confirmed at thoracotomy and the aorta was successfully resected. Histology revealed active giant cell aortitis. We suggest that a normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with treated temporal arteritis does not preclude large vessel involvement. PMID- 7305476 TI - Neonatal Behcet's syndrome in an infant of a mother with the disease. AB - Behcet's disease is reported in a newborn infant of a mother with the disease. The mother had recurrent orogenital ulcers, pustulonecrotic skin lesions, arthritis, thrombophlebitis, and colonic ulcers. Shortly after birth the infant presented with transient orogenital ulcerations and pustular cutaneous lesions. On healing, depressed scars developed which were very similar to those of the mother. The finding of circulating immune complexes in the mother's serum gives some support to the hypothesis that the infant's transient illness was caused by transplacental passage of maternal antibodies. PMID- 7305477 TI - Pulmonary damage with gold or penicillamine. PMID- 7305478 TI - Results of reoperation for persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism. AB - Between August 1975 and January 1981, 106 patients thought to have persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism underwent a total of 108 parathyroid re explorations at the National Institutes of Health. These 106 patients had a total of 175 previous operations for hyperparathyroidism (156 cervical and 19 mediastinal). Nephrolithiasis (54% of patients) and bone disease (24% o patients) were the predominant symptoms. Arteriographic examination and selective venous sampling provided highly accurate localizing results in 33% of the patients, and were of some help in 64%. The final diagnoses after reoperation and re-evaluation were: single-gland disease in 58 patients, primary nonfamilial hyperplasia in 19 patients, familial hyperplasia in three patients, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) Type I in ten patients, MEN Type II in two, parathyroid carcinoma in four patients, secondary hyperplasia in three patients, and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) in two patients. The diagnosis was in doubt in five patients. In the 95 patients with unequivocal hyperparathyroidism, not due to parathyroid carcinoma, surgery eliminated hypercalcemia in 91 (96%). Two patients died after operation, one of disseminated candidiasis, and one patient, with an immunodeficiency, of sepsis. Five patients developed temporary, and one permanent, recurrent nerve damage; 41% of the patients were hypocalcemic, at the time of discharge from the hospital. PMID- 7305479 TI - Oxyphil tumors of the thyroid: follow-up of 42 surgical cases. AB - Histopathologic and clinical follow-up data on 42 patients observed 2-20 years after operations for oxyphil neoplasms of the thyroid are presented. In eight patients histologic signs of malignancy were found but only two patients showed a clinically malignant course with development of distant metastases. The results do not indicate that oxyphil thyroid neoplasms are especially prone to assume a malignant course with the mode of treatment applied. Our policy is to remove any differentiated epithelial thyroid neoplasm with at least lobectomy. Total thyroidectomy is reserved for cases with capsular penetration, blood vessel invasion and/or metastases. PMID- 7305480 TI - Selective gastric vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer: a 10-13-year follow up study. AB - From 1964 to 1968 selective gastric vagotomy (SGV) and drainage was performed in 174 patients. Of these, 105 patients were followed-up 10-13 years after operation; 56 were dead. Ulcers recurred in 18 patients. The cumulated recurrence rate after 13 years (life table method) was 15% (95% confidence limits: 8-23). The method for drainage was usually either a Heineke-Mikulicz or a Finney pyloroplasty. There was a significantly higher risk of ulcer recurrence in the group that underwent Heineke-Mikulicz drainage procedures. The incidence of dumping and diarrhea had not changed during a five-year follow-up period. Two patients were slightly anemic. No patient was iron-deficient. Apart from two recurrent ulcers, gastroscopic examinations in 36 patients revealed no major changes, and biopsy specimens showed slight to moderate chronic atrophic gastritis in most cases. Visick grading showed 77% of the ulcers in Grade I + II, 19% in Grade VI. It is concluded that SGV has no place in the elective treatment of duodenal ulcer. Two alternatives are suggested. PMID- 7305481 TI - Median arcuate ligament obstruction of celiac axis and pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7305482 TI - Total pelvic exenteration in colorectal disease: A 20-year experience. PMID- 7305483 TI - Endoscopic polypectomy: inadequate treatment for invasive colorectal carcinoma. AB - Endoscopic polypectomy has greatly decreased the necessity for transabdominal resection of adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum. In addition, the routine removal of these presumed precancerous lesions may well decrease the incidence of colon cancer in these patients. However, some authors have proposed that endoscopic resection alone of certain pedunculated polyps containing invasive carcinoma is adequate treatment for these lesions. At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center this has not been our standard practice, and 729 patients who have undergone endoscopic removal of pedunculated adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum during the past decade have been reviewed. Forty-seven (6.4%) of these patients had polyps containing carcinoma in situ for which no further resection was performed. Thirty-nine patients (5.3%) had polyps containing carcinoma which had invaded up to or through the muscularis mucosae and were, therefore, considered invasive carcinomas. In this latter group, 24 patients underwent colon resection and 15 underwent endoscopic polypectomy alone. Within the group undergoing resection, six patients (25%) had from one to two lymph nodes within the resected specimen containing metastatic cancer. In review of these lesions, all 24 were able to be resected with an intervening segment of uninvolved stalk. After analyzing the frequently quoted parameters of size, depth of invasion into the stalk, degree of differentiation and involvement of lymphatics within the polyp, it was not possible to predict which lesions would have lymph node metastases at the time of resection. Consequently, it is concluded that all patients with polyps containing invasive carcinoma should undergo standard colon resection if feasible, despite the technical ability to resect these lesions endoscopically with an "adequate" margin of uninvolved stalk. This will eliminate the possibility of undiagnosed Dukes' Stage C lesions, and potentially improve long-term survival rates within this group of patients with an otherwise poor prognosis. PMID- 7305484 TI - Changes in peripheral serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in acute experimental colonic infarction. AB - No satisfactory laboratory test for the early diagnosis of bowel infarction exists at this time. We have delineated changes in serum CPK levels after acute superior mesenteric artery infarction; whether or not comparable changes occur with inferior mesenteric artery infarction has not yet been determined. Furthermore, the changes in LDH associated with acute bowel infarction have not been documented. To determine the changes in serum CPK and LDH in acute colonic infarction, laparotomies were performed on dogs after peripheral baseline blood samples were drawn and each subject was randomly placed in one of three groups: laparotomy alone, acute colonic obstruction, and acute colonic infarction by ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery. The marginal artery of the colon was ligated at the peritoneal reflection and at the cecum to interrupt arterial collaterals. Blood samples were taken from each subject at intervals of three hours for 48 hours after injury. Serum from each sample was analyzed for total CPK and LDH by automated spectrophotometry. Isoenzymes were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Necropsies were conducted on all the dogs to confirm that the intended condition had been produced and that no intercurrent disease was present. The data support the conclusion that total CPK, total LDH and their isoenzymes become elevated in the peripheral serum after colonic infarction. The maximal elevations were all seen within the first 12 hours after acute colonic infarction. Total LDH and LDH(3), the most prevalent isoenzyme of LDH in bowel, do not become elevated in the serum to as high a level as CPK, but the combination of serum elevations in both enzyme systems may prove to be of diagnostic significance. PMID- 7305486 TI - The role of two noninvasive tests in deep venous thrombosis. AB - A prospective study was performed to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of two noninvasive modalities, Doppler ultrasonography and segmental air plethysmography, in the detection of deep vein thrombosis. Over a two-year period, 211 limbs were studied among 167 patients, and the results were compared with venography. Doppler ultrasonography was found to be very accurate in detecting above-knee thrombi (sensitivity: 92.4%, specificity: 90.7%) while plethysmography was found to be much less accurate (sensitivity: 77.3%, specificity: 62.4%). The results were also assessed according to the mode of patient presentation. Doppler ultrasonography was found to be very useful in symptomatic out-patients, because of the lower incidence of calf thrombi, and less accurate in symptomatic inpatients and in high risk in-patients being screened. The clinical usefulness of noninvasive detection of venous thrombosis is discussed with regard to the incidence of disease and the site of thrombosis in different patient groups under study, and recommendations are made based on these results. PMID- 7305485 TI - Radiation injury of the rectum: evaluation of surgical treatment. AB - One hundred four patients, 80 women and 24 men, with radiation injury of the rectum following treatment for gynecologic and urologic malignancy were studied. In 50 patients, the rectal injury was treated surgically; 54 patients were treated conservatively. The age and sex distributions were the same in each group. In 63 patients, symptoms developed one month to one year after radiotherapy. The longest latent interval was 17 years. Of the 50 surgical patients, 23 had associated small bowel injury. The indications for surgery for the rectal injury were 1) proctitis unresponsive to conservative measures in 14 patients, 2) rectal stricture or fistula or both in 32, and 3) rectosigmoid perforation in four. Forty-one patients had external diversions. Eleven had intestinal continuity restored; six of the 11 had required the stoma for proctitis unresponsive to medical measures. Nineteen patients did not undergo colostomy closure, although symptoms wer greatly improved. Diversion alone was insufficient treatment in the remaining 11 patients. Twenty-six patients died. The 12 deaths in the surgical group comprised four due to residual malignancy, four from postoperative complications, and four from unrelated causes. Of the 14 deaths in the nonsurgical group, 11 died of the primary malignancy and three of unrelated causes. Diversion is considered the safest form of treatment for rectovaginal fistulae, rectal strictures, and proctitis unresponsive to medical measures. Intestinal resection resulted in sharp rise in the morbidity and mortality rates. PMID- 7305487 TI - Oculopneumoplethysmography, Doppler examination, and supraorbital photoplethysmography: a comparison of hemodynamic techniques in assessing cerebrovascular occlusive disease. AB - There noninvasive techniques used in the evaluation of carotid occlusive disease were compared in the same population group. The cerebrovascular Doppler examination (CDE) had an accuracy rate of 89%, oculopneumoplethysmography (OPG Gee) an accuracy rate of 94%, and supraorbital photoplethysmography (SOPPG) an accuracy rate of 86%. With the combined use of the CDE and the OPG-Gee, the accuracy rate increased to 96% when the results were concordant, and the false negative rate dropped to 3%. The data would suggest that the combined use of the CDE and the OPG-Gee offers an advantage over either technique used individually. PMID- 7305488 TI - Mural thrombus of the aorta: an important, frequently neglected cause of large peripheral emboli. AB - The association between white thrombus in the aorta and multiple embolic occlusions of peripheral vessels was made 22 years ago. However, mural thrombus has been neglected as a major cause of embolus because the process was attributed to paradoxical effects of heparin. Our recent experience indicates it is a more generalized problem. During the past five years, AP and lateral abdominal aortograms demonstrated the presence of large filling defects within the lumen of the aorta in 20 of 39 patients with sudden occlusion of a distal artery. Thirteen patients were not on heparin. These 3.4 X 1-2 cm defects were present anywhere from T-10 to the aortic bifurcation and were suprarenal in ten patients. The 20 patients had a total of 36 separate embolic events, with five patients experiencing seven occlusions of renal or superior mesenteric arteries. Serious medical problems coexisted, and all patients had at least two of five important "risk factors." These were heart disease, recent thrombophlebitis, heparin therapy, abdominal atherosclerosis and postoperative status. Catheter embolectomy alone was associated with recurrent embolization in four of six patients. Three patients died and two required amputation. Of 12 patients treated by embolectomy combined with open aortotomy, recurrent embolization occurred in none, death in one and amputation in two. All patients with visceral artery occlusions survived with normal function of the previously occluded structure. We urge wider application of abdominal angiography in order to treat more appropriately a sizable proportion of patients whose distal emboli originated from large chunks of white thrombus in the abdominal aorta. PMID- 7305489 TI - Blunt injury of the abdominal aorta. AB - This review of 27 cases of blunt injury of the abdominal aorta includes 24 cases reported in the literature and three new cases. Automobile accidents were the cause of this condition in 19 patients (70%). Clinical presentation was acute in 70% of the cases, and consisted of either acute arterial insufficiency or an acute abdomen. Intimal disruption occurred in 15 patients (55%) and was the most common anatomic lesion. Atherosclerotic involvement of the aorta was found in ten patients (37%), and in four it contributed directly to the development of this condition. The infrarenal aorta was the most affected segment (92%). The mortality rate was 29% (8/27 patients). Associated trauma occurred in 55% of the cases, but did mot increase the mortality rate. Prompt recognition and proper surgical treatment are essential in the management of this condition. PMID- 7305490 TI - Lymphoma of the breast. AB - Thirteen patients with lymphoma of the breast are presented. In addition, 163 previously reported cases of lymphoma of the breast are reviewed. Complete staging was performed on all patients. No patient had a diagnosis of lymphoma prior to breast biopsy. The histologic findings were diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) in eight patients, nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated lymphoma (NLPD) in two patients, nodular mixed lymphoma (NM) in two patients and nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease (NSHD) in one patient. Five patients had Stage IV disease, two had Stage III disease, four had stage II disease and two Stage I disease. Nine patients each underwent an excisional biopsy and four patients each had a modified radical mastectomy as initial therapy. Two patients each underwent a staging laparotomy. In advanced disease, chemotherapy achieved complete remissions in approximately 50% of patients. Unfavorable histologic findings are most common in lymphoma of the breast and thorough staging is necessary to select the best form of therapy. The absolute survival rate (61%) and the disease free survival rate (46%) are similar to nodal lymphoma of corresponding histologic factors and stage. PMID- 7305491 TI - Proximal recurrence and the fate of the rectum following excisional surgery for Crohn's disease of the large bowel. AB - One-hundred-twenty-seven patients with Crohn's disease of the large bowel underwent excisional surgery with the establishment of an ileostomy at the Cleveland Clinic between 1955 and 1973; the distribution of disease at this initial resection could be accurately determined. A mean follow-up period of 11 1/2 years has shown that the overall incidence of recurrence requiring resection was 27% and the cumulative risk of recurrence determined by actuarial methods was 44% (+/- 10.6%) at 19 years. Initial involvement of the terminal ileum in addition to the large bowel was associated with a significantly higher incidence of overall recurrence (p less than 0.05) and earlier postoperative recurrence (46% +/- 9% at 11 years), when compared with patients who had ileal sparing (23% +/- 5% at 11 years). This suggests that involvement of the terminal ileum in patients with Crohn's disease of the large bowel may be of prognostic importance. Of 101 patients who had a subtotal colectomy with rectal preservation, 58 subsequently underwent either rectal excision (46 patients), ileorectal anastomosis (six patients) or both of these operations (six patients); this high incidence of reoperation should not be confused with recurrence. PMID- 7305492 TI - Endorectal ileal pullthrough with lateral ileal reservoir for benign colorectal disease. AB - Eight patients with ulcerative colitis and one with multiple polyposis have undergone total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, endorectal ileal pullthrough with ileoanal anastomosis, and a diverting ileostomy at UCLA Hospital during a two year period. Five of the patients underwent construction of side-to-side ileal reservoirs and closure of the cutaneous ileostomies within six months. Wound complications were uncommon compared with the previous clinical experience with an S-shaped ileal reservoir. Each of the five patients has complete fecal continence with an average of four bowel movements per 24-hour period. A temporary diverting ileostomy and transcutaneous reservoir catheter for irrigation help to minimize complications. Construction of an ileal reservoir proximal to the endorectal ileal pullthrough segment provides a better opportunity for fecal storage than if no reservoir is used because it reduces defecatory urgency and frequency as well as perineal inflammation. The lateral ileal reservoir produces less stasis and achieves a more regular defecatory pattern than the S-shaped reservoir. Favorable clinical experience with the lateral internal ileal reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis in five patients who had ulcerative colitis or multiple polyposis suggests that further clinical application in selected patients is warranted. PMID- 7305493 TI - The mild form of Hirschsprung's disease (short segment): fourteen-years experience in diagnosis and treatment. AB - From 1966 through 1980, 39 children were treated with anorectal myectomy for the mild form of Hirschsprung's disease. The mild form of Hirschsprung's disease is differentiated from the severe one mainly on clinical grounds. Of the entire group, only four patients needed a Duhamel procedure, one to three years after myectomy. One patient still uses occasional enema (11 years after operation). The remaining 34 patients are symptom-free (1--14 years after operation). Anorectal myectomy is the treatment of choice in the management of the mild form of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 7305494 TI - Postsplenectomy splenic activity. AB - Evidence of recurring activity of splenic tissue was investigated in patients who had undergone splenectomies. Methods included technetium 99m sulfur colloid scan, serum tuftsin assay, serum immunoglobulin concentration, blood cell counts, and search for Howell-Jolly bodies. Positive scans were observed together with normal levels of tuftsin in 54% of the patients. In 46% of the patients, no splenic activity was detected by scanning and low levels of tuftsin were noticed. The difference in tuftsin levels between the two groups was statistically significant. Howell-Jolly bodies and decreased serum levels of IgM featured all patients. The possible application of combined splenic scan and tuftsin assessment for screening recurring splenic activity in the postsplenectomy population at great risk is suggested. PMID- 7305495 TI - The risk of sepsis in the asplenic adult. AB - The risk of postsplenectomy sepsis in children is well established. The risk of sepsis following splenectomy in the adult remains unknown. This study provides data on this important subject. All adults (ages 16--91) who underwent splenectomies in three hospitals of the Louisiana State University Medical Center between 1965 and 1975 were identified. There were 298 patients included in the study. Postsplenectomy information was collected on 256 patients. The mean period of observation was 45 months (960 patient years). There were seven deaths from fulminant sepsis (incidence rate: 2.7%). Data were collected on 250 patients who had either a gastrectomy or cholecystectomy without splenectomy. The mean period of observation was 61 months (1270 patient years). There were no deaths due to fulminant sepsis (p less than 0.05). When postsplenectomy sepsis was compared with the risk of sepsis in the population at large (0.001%), the difference is significant (p less than 0.001). In the subgroup of 69 patients with hematologic or malignant disease, there were three deaths from sepsis (4.3%). In 187 patients with no underlying diseases, four patients developed sepsis, which is an incidence of 2.2% (p less than 0.05 when compared with the population at large and control group). The risk of sepsis appears to be greater in patients with chronic disease, but has no relationship to age. These data speak for the conservation of splenic tissue when possible. PMID- 7305497 TI - Distribution and abundance of intestinal helminths in man in western Papua New Guinea with special reference to Strongyloides. PMID- 7305496 TI - Diagnosis of thrombosis by catheter phlebography after prolonged central venous catheterization. AB - Sixty central venous catheterizations in 53 patients were prospectively studied with respect to phlebographic findings after prolonged parenteral nutrition. Phlebography was performed by a special technique on completion of the intravenous therapy. Under fluoroscopic control, the central venous catheter was slowly removed, while simultaneously contrast medium was continuously injected through it. Two types of thrombosis were demonstrated--sleeve thrombosis, on 25 occasions (42%), and mural veno-occlusive thrombosis, on five occasions (8%). On removal of the catheter the sleeve thrombosis peeled off the catheter and in several cases it was noticed that parts of the sleeve thrombus or the entire sleeve became detached and were carried away with the blood flow. Although the sleeve thrombus seldom gave rise to any symptoms, this type of thrombosis is of great importance in view of the risk of pulmonary embolism, especially in connection with removal of the catheter. With use of the described phlebographic technique thrombi of this type can be visualized. PMID- 7305498 TI - Malumfashi Endemic Diseases Research Project, XVI. The findings of a survey for schistosomiasis mansoni. Hookworm, giardiasis and nutritional status. PMID- 7305499 TI - Histopathology of liver in Iranian sheep naturally infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum. PMID- 7305500 TI - Hookworm infection in rural Gambia. Seasonal changes, morbidity and total IgE levels. PMID- 7305502 TI - Acute manifestations of male genital filariasis in Enugu, Nigeria. PMID- 7305501 TI - The anthelmintic effects of pyrantel pamoate, oxantel-pyrantel pamoate, levamisole and mebendazole in the treatment of intestinal nematodes. PMID- 7305503 TI - The uptake in vitro of monosaccharides, disaccharide and nucleic acid precursors by adult Dirofilaria immitis. PMID- 7305504 TI - An investigation of the health and nutritional status of the population in the Nam Pong Water Resource Development Project, northeast Thailand. PMID- 7305505 TI - Human scabies from contact with water buffaloes infested with Sarcoptes scabiei var. bubalis. PMID- 7305506 TI - Chemotherapy of Trypanosoma venezuelense (T. evansi) II. Activity of metal-free organic trypanocides in mice and in vitro. PMID- 7305507 TI - Leishmaniasis in Tuscany (Italy) V. Further isolation of Leishmania from Rattus rattus in the Province of Grosseto. PMID- 7305508 TI - Schistosoma mansoni in St. Lucian and Kenyan communities--a comparative study using the Kato stool examination technique. PMID- 7305509 TI - A miracidium trap for use in flowing water. PMID- 7305510 TI - Cataract in mice congenitally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. PMID- 7305511 TI - Urinary schistosomiasis in Egyptian farmers treated with metrifonate (Bilarcil). PMID- 7305512 TI - Filtration of duodenal fluid for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. PMID- 7305513 TI - Hydatid cysts in the skeletal muscles of sheep. PMID- 7305514 TI - Onchocerca gutturosa (Neumann) in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Sudan. PMID- 7305515 TI - Prevalence of tungiasis in Oto-Ijanikin village, Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria. PMID- 7305516 TI - Prevalence of Phlebotomus spp. in southern France: sampling bias due to different man-biting habits and autogeny. PMID- 7305517 TI - Early operative intervention in aortic bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 7305518 TI - Repair of large chest wall defects: experience with 23 patients. AB - The repair of large chest wall defects has been done on 23 patients who had 28 operations. Twenty-two patients had a neoplasm of the thoracic cage, while 1 had a large inflammatory mass. Nine patients had a partial lung and 3 a partial diaphragmatic resection done en bloc with the ribs. Seven resections were on the sternum. The repair was made either with a soft prosthesis (nylon mesh in 3 and Marlex mesh in 12 operations) or with a composite prosthesis of methyl methacrylate and metallic or Marlex mesh (13 operations). The association of methyl methacrylate and Marlex combines the solidity and the easy shaping of methyl methacrylate with the advantages of the mesh for an easy fixation and excellent incorporation. When the skin and the muscles are resected with the osteocartilaginous wall, an omentum flap is placed between the skin and the prosthesis to facilitate healing. There was one postoperative wound infection, which cleared with appropriate antibiotics. No prosthesis has extruded. The cosmetic and functional results are satisfactory. Repair of very large chest wall defects after resection can be done safely. PMID- 7305519 TI - Immediate reconstruction of full-thickness chest wall defects. AB - Twenty-one patients had full-thickness chest wall defects reconstructed at the New York University Medical Center in the last ten years. Marlex mesh provided chest wall stability in 5 patients. In 9 patients with radiation ulcers Marlex mesh was not required; a severe fibrotic reaction had obliterated the pleural space and prevented paradoxical motion. Partial sternal resections did not require Marlex stabilization, while a total sternectomy resulted in marked ventilatory insufficiency in a patient who would have benefited from the use of a stabilizing material. Random pattern flaps were used initially; more recently, axial pattern, myocutaneous, and myocutaneous free flaps were employed. Necrosis developed in 4 (36%) of the 11 patients with random pattern flaps, but was not seen with the newer flap techniques. Myocutaneous free flaps provided uncomplicated coverage of and stability to three large, potentially contaminated defects. It seems that with the currently available flap techniques and the methods of chest wall stabilization, immediate repair of all full-thickness chest wall defects is possible. PMID- 7305520 TI - Early operative intervention in aortic bacterial endocarditis. AB - Since 1974, 14 patients have required valve replacement for native aortic valve bacterial endocarditis at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. There were 7 male and 7 female patients ranging from 11 to 65 years old. Nine of the patients were less than 27 years old. All patients had congestive heart failure as a complication of the bacterial endocarditis and were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III or IV. Two patients were seen initially with arrhythmias, 3 had episodes of septic emboli, and 1 patient was operated on immediately after sustaining a cardiac arrest. Echocardiogram was utilized in 9 patients, and cardiac catheterization was performed in 6 patients who were suspected to have concomitant mitral valve or coronary artery disease. All patients were operated on within two weeks after the institution of antibiotic therapy, and there were no operative or early postoperatively deaths. Preoperative blood cultures were positive in 13 patients, with streptococcus cultured in 6 patients and staphylococcus in 4. Escherichia coli and enterococcus were the other pathogens cultured. All patients received antibiotics intravenously for a total of six weeks. There has been 1 late postoperative death, which occurred 2 months following operation in a patient with myocardial failure unresponsive to treatment. Two patients underwent reoperation, 1 because of a persistent aorto-right ventricular fistula and the second because of paraprosthetic aortic regurgitation. Nine patients are now in NYHA Functional Class I and 4 are in Class II. PMID- 7305521 TI - Operative techniques in infective endocarditis. AB - Twenty-six of 163 patients with infective endocarditis treated between 1969 and 1979 required operation. The consequences of infection in these 26 patients included leaflet destruction, annular "ring" abscess, fistula formation with ventricular and atrial septal perforation, and myocardial abscess with heart block. Surgical principles used to repair these abnormalities successfully were excision of necrotic tissue, valve replacement, repair of annular defects, and closure of perforations. Temporary and permanent cardiac pacing were used also. The operative mortality was 13%. PMID- 7305522 TI - Porcine valve durability in children. AB - Calcification of porcine heterograft valves may be greater in the pediatric than in the adult population. This multicenter study evaluates the long-term actuarially determined durability of porcine valves in children less than 21 years old. We evaluated 227 late survivors of porcine valve implantation with 47 aortic valves, 67 mitral valves, 14 tricuspid valves, 14 pulmonary valves, 77 pulmonary conduits, and 8 apicoaortic conduits. In this series, 20 porcine valves degenerated, most in the aortic and mitral positions. At 5 years 40% of aortic, 40% of mitral, 100% of tricuspid, 100% of pulmonary, and 89% of pulmonary conduits remained functional. In this series, calcification and dysfunction occurred significantly faster (p less than 0.05) in younger compared with older children and in left-sided or systemic positions (aortic and mitral) compared with right-sided positions (tricuspid, pulmonary, and pulmonary conduit). PMID- 7305523 TI - Emergency room thoracotomy for the resuscitation of patients with "fatal" penetrating injuries of the heart. AB - A total of 75 patients with penetrating cardiac injuries were treated at Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center from January, 1974, to November, 1980. Twenty two patients (29.3%) were unconscious on arrival and had no detectable vital signs, cardiac activity, or spontaneous respirations. Their last physical movement was observed in the ambulance. Immediate resuscitation of these patients employing intercostal or sternal splitting incisions in the emergency room revealed arrested hearts and permitted relief of tamponade, finger occlusion of the cardiac wound or wounds, and temporary suturing of the defect. Restoration of cardiac function was accomplished in 16 patients (72.7%). After transfer to the operating room for more definitive cardiorrhaphy and repair of other major wounds, 8 patients (36.4%) recovered without objective neurological disability. Our experience clearly supports the value of immediate emergency room thoracotomy in this group of patients. PMID- 7305524 TI - Emergency thoracotomy in the surgical intensive care unit after open cardiac operation. AB - Since January, 1977, 64 patients (3%) out of 2,112 who underwent open cardiac operation had 74 emergency thoracotomies in the surgical intensive care unit 10 minutes to 12 days after operation. In all instances thoracotomy was performed for inadequate circulation. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group 1, 44 patients suddenly and unexpectedly became hypotensive due to an arrhythmia (13 patients), sudden massive bleeding (15), suspected tamponade (6), or unexplained reasons (10). In Group 2 (20 patients), circulatory insufficiency was progressive despite maximum pharmacological and intraaortic balloon support. Circulation was restored after 37 of the 74 thoracotomies (50%), including 8 in Group 2. Nineteen patients (30%) were ultimately discharged; however, no patient in Group 2 survived hospitalization. Of the 19 survivors in Group 1, only 2 of the 13 with a sudden arrhythmia and 3 of the 10 with unexplained hypotension survived. However, 5 of the 6 with tamponade and 9 of the 15 with sudden massive bleeding survived. Overall, 43% of Group 1 patients survived. We conclude that emergency thoracotomy in the surgical intensive care unit after open-heart operation may be lifesaving if performed promptly in patients with sudden, unexpected hypotension. The incidence of wound infection in survivors in 5% whether or not the chest is closed in the operating room. PMID- 7305525 TI - Massive hemoptysis: control by transcatheter bronchial artery embolization. AB - Massive hemoptysis (600 ml in 48 hours) has an ominous prognosis with a mortality of 50 to 100% in medically treated patients and up to 35% in patients undergoing operation. Surgical resection has been the procedure of choice in patients with massive hemoptysis. Those with a contraindication to operation present a particularly frustrating problem. We have treated 7 such patients with massive hemoptysis by transcatheter bronchial artery embolization. In all 7, the bleeding was arrested. Two patients died of recurrent hemoptysis, 1 ten days and the other 2 months following embolization, and 5 are well 1 month to one year later. Transcatheter bronchial artery embolization is a valuable therapeutic modality in patients with massive hemoptysis. However, the procedure is palliative, and, therefore, elective resection must be considered as definitive treatment in those patients who have no contraindication to operation. PMID- 7305526 TI - Myocardial fibroma or fibrous hamartoma. AB - Early interest in myocardial tumors was directed primarily at their pathology. Today, however, interest must be in early diagnosis and planned operation utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass since such tumours, both benign and malignant, are potentially lethal due to their location and since most are resectable. The case of a patient with myocardial fibroma presented here offers an expanded pathological picture: the tumor contained fibrous tissue, cardiac muscle, vascular elements, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle. Smooth muscle has not been previously reported. A review of the literature reveals disagreement and confusion over proper nomenclature for the entity. Perhaps its varied histological presentation is better described as fibrous hamartoma than fibroma. PMID- 7305527 TI - Congenital coronary aneurysms nine years following saphenous vein bypass graft surgery. AB - A 34-year-old woman with two congenital coronary aneurysms received a saphenous vein bypass graft (SVBG) as treatment for a thrombosed right coronary artery aneurysm 9 years ago. The angiographic and surgical findings were reported at that time [1]. In 1979, she received a sequential SVBG to the left anterior descending and first diagonal coronary arteries following recurrence of angina and progressive occlusion of the left coronary artery aneurysm. She is believed to have the longest angiographically documented course following operation, and her case history is reported to aid in establishing the natural history of this unusual condition and its surgical management. PMID- 7305528 TI - Rupture of pulmonary artery by Swan-Ganz catheter: a cause of postoperative bleeding after open-heart operation. PMID- 7305530 TI - Surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia guided by ventricular mapping in 23 patients without coronary artery disease. AB - Twenty-three patients with resistant ventricular tachycardia not related to coronary artery disease underwent surgical treatment guided by ventricular mapping. The patients were grouped according to radiological and anatomical findings. Group 1 (13 patients) had arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Group 2 (3 patients) had left ventricular aneurysm. Group 3 (2 patients) had nonobstructive myocardiopathy. Group 4 (5 patients) had normal-appearing hearts. At operation all patients underwent ventricular mapping when in sinus rhythm and during ventricular tachycardia. The rationale of operation was ventriculotomy or cryosurgery at the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia or exclusion, resection, or undermining of arrhythmogenic areas where delayed potentials were observed. Four patients died during the perioperative period, 3 of low-output failure and 1 from bleeding. Ventricular tachycardia recurred immediately after operation in 4 patients, 3 of whom died during the perioperative period. Ventricular tachycardia recurred late in 5 patients. Three had only episodic, unsustained runs of tachycardia. Two were well controlled by drugs. All patients with ventricular tachycardia situated over the free wall of the ventricles had inducible ventricular tachycardia and had good surgical results. Three out of 5 patients with ventricular tachycardia situated in the septum had poor surgical results. Septal ventricular tachycardia needs a better surgical approach to the septum and a suitable surgical concept. PMID- 7305529 TI - His bundle interruption for control of inappropriate ventricular responses to atrial arrhythmias. AB - Forty-two patients with life-threatening or disabling atrial arrhythmias are discussed. Fifteen had Kent bundles as the basis for the reentry tachycardia, while 27 had arrhythmias that originated in or above the atrioventricular (AV) node. Nineteen of the latter had an AV node that conducted atrial impulses rapidly to the ventricle. These patients were classified as having enhanced conduction through the AV node, a diagnosis based on clinical and electrophysiological studies. Initially, the technique employed for His bundle interruption was, either separate or in combination, blind suture, electrocauterization, and incision of the septal portion of the right atrium. The technique later adopted was sharp division of the atrial septum at its attachment to the right fibrous trigone. Cryothermia was used in 31 patients. There were four failures. In the group in whom sharp division was used. there were two failures among 11 patients. Two patients, however, had to have a second operation. Following AV node-His bundle interruption, a junctional rhythm resulted and a pacemaker was always installed. Our studies indicate that interruption of atrial to ventricular conduction is a satisfactory operation for atrial arrhythmias that are disabling or life threatening and that are refractory to vigorous medical therapy. Cryothermic ablation is the preferable technique. However, if this is not successful, then division is required of the AV nod-His bundle junction by interruption of the insertion of the atrial septum into the right fibrous trigone. PMID- 7305531 TI - Mediastinoscopy in advanced superior vena cava obstruction. AB - Superior vena cava syndrome can be a rapidly progressive, lethal process that is caused by a malignancy in 92 to 94% of cases. Since all effective therapy is inherently harmful, it would be reassuring to have a definitive tissue diagnosis before initiating treatment. Because easily accessible tissue is not always available, mediastinoscopy must be relied on to confirm the diagnosis in some patients. Twenty-nine patients with advanced superior vena cava syndrome were reviewed. Fifteen of them required mediastinoscopy to confirm the diagnosis, since lesser procedures, i.e., bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, and sputum cytology, were negative for malignant tissue. Contrary to reports in the literature, mediastinoscopy can be performed safely in patients with advanced superior vena cava syndrome and can yield a definitive diagnosis in each. PMID- 7305532 TI - Reduction of myocardial infarct size in swine: a comparative study of intraaortic balloon pumping and transapical left ventricular bypass. AB - This study compared intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) and transapical left ventricular (LV) bypass for their effectiveness in reducing infarct size in swine. In 28 pigs (25.4 +/- 4.7 kg) the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated distal to the first diagonal branch. Nine animals served as controls. Nine animals were treated with IABP and the remaining 10, with transapical bypass. Ten animals-3 control, 3 IABP, and 4 transapical bypass--died prior to completion of the study, thereby resulting in 6 animals in each group. Both assist devices were begun 45 minutes after coronary ligation, this being as rapid as mechanical intervention could be accomplished in the patient after infarction. With transapical LV bypass, 70 to 100% bypass was accomplished and the LV systolic pressure remained in the range between mean aortic pressure and 30 mm Hg less than that. All animals were killed after 24 hours. The hearts were excised and stained with nitroblue tetrazolium, and infarct size was quantitated in grams of infarct per 100 gm of LV and septal mass. After 24 hours the mean aortic pressure was 73 +/- 12 mm Hg in controls, 105 +/- 20 mm Hg in animals with IABP (p less than 0.01), and 91 +/- 13 mm Hg in those with transapical LV bypass (p less than 0.05). The infarct size was 22.7 +/- 4.9 gm per 100 gm of LV and septal mass in control animals. With IABP, the infarct size was nonsignificantly changed to 19.4 +/-5.9 gm per 100 gm (p greater than 0.3). With transapical LV bypass, the infarct size was significantly reduced to 15.9 +/- 3.5 gm per 100 gm (p less than 0.025). This represented a 30% reduction of infarct size from controls. These results demonstrate that despite hemodynamic improvement with IABP, transapical LV bypass is necessary to markedly decrease myocardial work and significantly reduce infarct size. PMID- 7305533 TI - Recurrent coarctation of the thoracic aorta: subclavian flap arterioplasty with carotid reimplantation of the distal subclavian artery. AB - Combining a subclavian flap procedure and reimplantation of the distal subclavian artery into the left carotid artery was used in 2 patients with recurrent coarctation of the thoracic aorta. One of the patients was 12 years old and the other, 6 years old. The operation has several advantages. (1) It is very efficient in relieving recurrent gradients. (2) The use of prosthetic material is avoided. (3) Minimal dissection is required. (4) It prevents subsequent subclavian steal syndrome and long-term ischemia of the left upper limb. PMID- 7305534 TI - Chylothorax after myocardial revascularization with internal mammary graft. AB - Chylothorax following an intrapericardial cardiac operation is rare, and we are aware of only 12 reported cases. Nine followed median sternotomy for treatment of congenital heart disorders or acquired valvular disease; more than expected were reoperations (23%). This report documents that this complication may also occur following myocardial revascularization with internal mammary graft and describes the anatomy that makes this possible. This rare complication is important because of the high morbidity of prolonged tube drainage and the fact that nearly half of the affected patients underwent reoperation (5 of 13). Dilated lymphatics exuding chyle have been found at operations undertaken to control lymph fistulas and were located in anterior thymic tissue previously divided by electrocautery. Awareness of the significance of lymph encountered during cardiac operations, particularly during reoperation and near the origin of the internal mammary artery, may alert the surgeon that the stage is set for a disabling complication. Electrocautery may be an unreliable means of control as lymph contains little coagulable material; suture is recommended instead. PMID- 7305535 TI - Pulmonary valvotomy: an alternative method. PMID- 7305536 TI - A simple method of intraaortic balloon removal after open-heart operation. PMID- 7305537 TI - Modified Fogarty clamp for the fragile aorta. PMID- 7305538 TI - Estrogen receptors in the male. AB - Estrogens in the male are secreted by the testes and derived extragonadally from the aromatization of certain androgens. In some brain regions critical for the control of gonadotropin secretion and behavior, androgens may be aromatized to estrogens within the cells that are regulated. Estrogen may have other physiological roles on the testes to control testosterone secretion and on accessory sex glands to promote both fibromuscular growth and secretion. High doses of estrogen given for treatment of prostatic cancer or modulation of reproductive function not only reduce testosterone secretion but also interact with the liver, changing the secretion of various plasma proteins and causing several undesirable side effects. The hypothalamus, pituitary, testes, accessory sex glands, and liver all contain an apparently identical protein, the estrogen receptor, which may mediate the actions of estrogen. PMID- 7305539 TI - Quantitation of sperm population migration: capillary scanning assay. AB - Bulk sperm migration through capillaries containing experimental media was quantitated by use of a recording spectrophotometer equipped with a linear transport. The method was applied to human semen and caudal epididymal sperm samples from hamster, rat, rabbit, and bull. The rate of migration of a given sperm population was approximately 1/10 that of the velocities previously reported for individual sperm of that species. This matched theoretical approximations based upon assumptions of random orientation and multiple, direction-changing collisions for individual cells. The rate of migration for undiluted caudal epididymal sperm populations into Tyrode's solution for all species tested showed an initial burst followed by a slower, more linear rate. Predilution or prewashing the sperm samples eliminated the initial burst in hamster and rabbit sperm but elevated migratory rates in bull sperm. Human sperm populations diluted by ejaculation also exhibited no initial burst but maintained a strong linear rate down the capillaries. PMID- 7305540 TI - Influence of electroejaculation on peripheral blood concentrations of corticosteroids, progesterone, LH, and testosterone in bulls. AB - Temporal relationships among serum concentrations of corticosteroids (CS), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) were examined in ten bulls exposed to the stress of electroejaculation (EE). Concentrations of CS and P increased concomitantly among bulls to peak levels by 15 min post-EE and then declined to pre-EE levels between 2 and 4 hr after EE. Total number of LH and T peaks decreased from 24 and 18, respectively, during the 12-hr pre-EE period to 11 and 14 during the 12-h post-EE period. Mean concentration of LH decreased after EE until 4 hr post-EE when episodic LH secretion resumed and concentrations of CS and P had declined to pre-EE levels. Similarly, mean concentration of T declined after EE and then increased 6-8 hr post-EE in response to resumption of LH secretion. The temporal associations of elevated concentrations of CS and P with basal LH and T before EE, absence of T response to endogenous LH peaks, and the temporary absence of episodic LH and T peaks after EE, suggest that endogenous adrenal steroids may modulate secretion of T in the bull. PMID- 7305541 TI - Human sperm chromatin has a nucleosomal structure. AB - Digestion of human sperm chromatin with micrococcal nuclease reveals an 160 base pair (b.p.) DNA fragment that is further degraded to a series of DNA fragments remarkably similar to the micrococcal nuclease digestion products of eukaryote somatic cellular chromatin. DNase I digestion of human sperm chromatin also yields an identical pattern of DNA fragments to that observed upon DNase I digestion of somatic chromatin. These data, together with earlier electron microscopic observations, suggest a nucleosomal structure for human sperm chromatin. PMID- 7305542 TI - Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive prolactin in stored semen and seminal plasma. AB - The difference between semen and seminal plasma immunoreactive human prolactin (iPRL) correlates with sperm count. Seminal plasma separated from sperm before freezing (SPB), after freezing (SPA), and serum were fractionated by G100 Sephadex chromatography. SPA contained four different molecular weight fractions of iPRL. Each fraction contained approximately 25% of the total iPRL measured. SPB and serum each had three molecular weight fractions and most of the iPRL coeluted with monomeric 125I-hPRL. PMID- 7305543 TI - Characterization of protein carboxyl methylase activities in rat testis: presence of testis specific charge isomers. AB - The physicochemical and molecular properties of testicular Protein Carboxyl Methylase (PCM) have been studied. The testicular enzyme was stable at high ionic strength, independent of metal ions and resistant to reducing or alkylating agents, and displayed a narrow pH optimum of pH 5.8-6.0. The enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 daltons and a Km for S-adenosyl-L methionine (SAM) of 1.3 microM. Varying concentrations of gelatine (exogenous methyl acceptor protein) did not change the affinity of the enzyme for SAM. The molecular properties of the enzyme were characterized using gel filtration, hydroxyapatite and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. Three charge isomers exhibiting PCM activity were isolated with pI values of 6.1, 6.7, and 7.35 while comparative data from the pituitary gland revealed primarily the presence of the most acid isozyme (pI 6.1). These results suggest that the different testicular charge isozymes may be involved in the selective methylation of specific testicular proteins. PMID- 7305544 TI - An acrosomal abnormality in spermatids from infertile men. AB - A specific developmental abnormality of the acrosomes is described in the spermatids of two infertile men. The first change is the irregular folding of the acrosome membrane in the early round nucleated spermatids. Vesicles appear later in the subacrosomal space, in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. All spermatids in the later steps of spermiogenesis were affected. PMID- 7305545 TI - Actions of clonidine on convulsions and behaviour. AB - Pretreatment of rats and mice with clonidine (0.5-5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) protected the animals against tonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin, strychnine and maximal electroshock, respectively. The time of onset of convulsions as well as mortality due to picrotoxin and strychnine were delayed in the clonidine pretreated groups as compared to controls. Clonidine (1 mg/kg) blocked the extensor phase of the electroshock convulsion. In reserpinized animals the severity of electroshock-induced seizures was reduced by clonidine pretreatment. Clonidine also caused an increase in the food consumption behaviour in mice subjected to novel situation and food. Its effects were comparable to diazepam, an antianxiety agent. In another experiment, clonidine (0.5-5 mg/kg) counteracted the perphenazine-induced catatonia in rats. It is possible that the observed anticatatonic effect of clonidine may be due to its presynaptic activity, but the actual mechanism of this action is not yet understood. PMID- 7305546 TI - Renal blood flow after stimulation of p-aminohippurate transport. AB - Repeated administration of cyclopenthiazide enhances renal PAH excretion in rats. In the 1st hr after an acute PAH load the renal excretion of PAH is doubled compared with controls. Haemodynamic measurements show that this acute PAH load is related to an increase in renal blood flow, in particular to a distinct increase in blood flow in the renal cortex. This increase in renal blood flow and in intrarenal blood distribution is higher than in stimulated rats. The increase in renal excretion of PAH is stimulated rats is not connected with an increase in renal blood flow. After an acute PAH load an additional increase in renal blood flow in stimulated rats could not be observed as compared with non stimulated control rats. PMID- 7305547 TI - Central hypotensive effect of diprenorphine in normotensive rat and SHR. AB - Opioid compounds injected intracisternally in rats induce a centrally-mediated increase in blood pressure. In the present study, the intracisternal injection of an antagonist of opioid compounds, diprenorphine was examined. Diprenorphine caused a similar blood pressure decrease in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive control Wistar Kyoto rats both in young and adult animals. This represents an important argument concerning a role of endogenous opioids in blood pressure control in anaesthetized rats but suggests that brain stem endogenous opioids may not be involved in the mechanism of hypertension. PMID- 7305548 TI - Effects of carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation by norepinephrine, epinephrine and tyramine on ventilation in the rabbit. AB - Effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine and tyramine on the carotid body chemoreceptor in the rabbit were studied by measuring reflex ventilatory responses. The basic pattern of the responses was transient inhibition with a decrease in tidal volume followed by sustained excitation, even though the predominant feature was excitation in the epinephrine-induced response. The initial inhibition which was either unaffected or slightly potentiated after phenoxybenzamine was completely blocked by haloperidol. The late excitation was enhanced after mecamylamine and haloperidol treatments and was abolished following administration of phenoxybenzamine. The results indicated possible participation of inhibitory dopamine receptors for the induction of the initial depression and reduction of blood flow in the vessels of the carotid body by vasoconstriction for the excitatory response. PMID- 7305549 TI - Rabbit aortic contractile responses and 45Ca retention in tris and bicarbonate buffers. PMID- 7305550 TI - Liver cytosol protein binding may be not responsible for hepatic uptake of biliary contrast agents. AB - The interaction of five intravenous and one oral biliary contrast agents with soluble proteins of rat liver cytosol was investigated in order to clarify if cytosol protein binding might be responsible for the previously reported accumulation of all six compounds by the liver. While nearly all of the investigated compounds did interact with cytosol proteins, no correlation between the extent of the cytosol protein binding and the hepatic accumulation was found. Therefore, the results do not support the theory of an important role of the cytosol protein binding for the hepatic uptake of biliary contrast agents. Preliminary results, however, suggest that binding to membranous components of the rat liver could be responsible for the saturable accumulation of the contrast agents by the liver. PMID- 7305551 TI - Quantitization of Ca spike frequency in a single sucrose gap and mechanical relaxation induced by Ca antagonists, isoproterenol and papaverine. AB - The suppression of the Ca spike frequency generated spontaneously in the guinea pig taenia coli was quantitatively investigated using the single sucrose gap method in an attempt to correlate frequency with the relaxation induced by Ca antagonists, isoproterenol and papaverine. The intrinsic activity (a) of depleted Ca that gave the maximal response in the dose-spike frequency curve (DSfC) or dose-tension curve (DTC) was taken as unity. Verapamil and MnCl2: a of both the DSfC and DTC were 1.0. Papaverine: a of the DSfC was 0.5 in contrast to 1.0 in the case of the DTC, and the affinity of the DSfC was somewhat less than that of the DTC. Isoproterenol: a and affinity of the DSfC were considerably less than in the case of the DTC. These results indicate that (1) relaxation induced by the Ca antagonists we used clearly corresponded to the suppression of the Ca influx carrying the action potential, (2) the relaxation induced by isoproterenol was not due to direct suppression of Ca influx, and (3) papaverine and depleted Ca influenced Ca both directly and indirectly.U PMID- 7305552 TI - Denervation supersensitivity to norepinephrine in the guinea-pig vas deferens in vivo and in vitro: influence of the bathing solution. AB - After seven days of denervation there was a 10.7-fold increase in sensitivity without a significant alteration of the maximum response to norepinephrine (NE) in the guinea-pig vas deferens, in vivo. On the second postoperative day there was a significant increase in sensitivity and a decrease of the maximum response to NE in experiments performed in vivo. In the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens, immersed in Kreb's-Henseleit solution, an increased sensitivity to NE was demonstrable after two and seven days of denervation. However, an increased maximum response to NE was demonstrable only after seven days of denervation. Using McEwen solution there was no significant increase in the maximum response to NE in the seven-days denervated guinea-pig vas deferens. Slight alterations of the ionic composition of the physiological salt solutions prevented the demonstration of denervation-induced augmentation of the maximum response to NE in the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens. The characteristics of cocaine-induced supersensitivity to NE in the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens did not differ in vivo and were not affected by small changes in the ionic composition of the bathing solution. The absence of a postjunctional component of denervation supersensitivity to NE in the guinea-pig vas deferens, in vivo, is suggested. Furthermore, the demonstration of the postjunctional component of denervation supersensitivity to NE in the isolated guinea-pig vas deferens appears to be dependent of the composition of the bathing solution used. PMID- 7305553 TI - Evidence for a histaminergic mechanism on the effects of angiotensin II in the rabbit aorta and rat lung. AB - The influence of a histidine decarboxylase (HD) inhibitor, GYKI 11.121, on the action of angiotension II (AII) was investigated in the isolated continuously superfused rabbit aortic strip and perfused rat lung. An A II analog, Sar1-Ile5-A II, was also used only in aortic strip experiments. The myotropic effects of both peptides on the rabbit aorta were found to be inhibited when GYKI 11.121 was added to the superfusion medium. However, the vasoconstrictor effect of A II was found to be enhanced in the isolated rat lung following the addition of GYKI 11.121 to the perfusion medium. These findings are explained by the presence of a histaminergic component in the myotropic action of A II peptides. PMID- 7305554 TI - A study on constrictor response of dog coronary arteries to acetylsalicylic acid. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid at a high dose on dog coronary arteries. In the isolated and perfused dog hearts, an intracoronary injection of acetylsalicylic acid (10 mg) decreased coronary blood flow concomitant with diminution of myocardial contractile force, but did not change heart rate. In the isolated dog coronary arterial strips, acetylsalicylic acid (10-4 M) produced the contractions of them, which were significantly inhibited by calcium-free solution, diltiazem, nifedipine, phospholipase A2, arachidonate and prostaglandin E1. The results indicate that acetylsalicylic acid at a high dose produces coronary arterial contracture probably through inhibition of intravascular synthesis of vasodilating prostaglandins. PMID- 7305555 TI - Effect of pH value on the drug-initiated contractility of small intestine "in vitro". AB - The influence of different pH values in nutrient media on the drug-initiated contractility of rectal smooth muscle was isometrically investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) The response to drugs is potentiated in alkali media and is reduced in acidic media. (2) Facilitated responses in alkali media were lost with the removal of CaCl2 and the reduction of responses was markedly enhanced with the increase in H+ or in the absence of CaCl2. (3) Analysis with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, shows that H+ may compete with Ca2+ in transmembrane transport. (4) Removal of NaCl can elicit the release of Ca2+ and this action was diminished in acidic conditions. (5) The contractile system of muscle cells was also inhibited by lowering pH values in nutrient media. Thus, interference with mobilization of Ca2+ by H+ is considered to be responsible for modifying the contractions of rectal smooth muscle in mice. PMID- 7305556 TI - Carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital do not influence brain catecholamine uptake, in vivo, in male rats. AB - Desipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a specific blocker of noradrenaline uptake, significantly antagonized the decrease of brain noradrenaline induced by an intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (200 micrograms in 20 microliter) in rats. The depletion of brain dopamine, in 6-hydroxydopamine plus pargyline treated rats was counteracted by nomifensine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a drug which has been reported to markedly inhibit dopamine uptake both in vivo and in vitro. Carbamazepine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), phenytoin (200 mg/kg, orally) and phenobarbital (20 mg/kg, orally) were unable to significantly affect either the decrease of noradrenaline or the depletion of dopamine induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. These findings seem to suggest that these anticonvulsant drugs do not inhibit brain catecholamine uptake in vivo in male rats. PMID- 7305557 TI - Potentiating effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine on nerve stimulation induced contractions of the rabbit mesenteric artery. AB - Contractions of the rabbit mesenteric artery induced by transmural adrenergic nerve stimulation at a frequency of 8 Hz were augmented by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT), quipazine, methysergide, tolazoline, histamine, angiotensin II and 4 aminopyridine. The potentiating effect of 5-HT was partly reduced by cyproheptadine and by prolonged treatment with methysergide. After treatment with a histamine H1-antagonist, chlorpheniramine, histamine failed to augment but contrarily inhibited the response. This inhibition was reversed after subsequent administration of an H2-antagonist, metiamide. These results indicate that H1- and H2-receptors mediate the potentiation and inhibition, respectively, and that the effect medicated by H1-receptors normally predominates. It seems unlikely that the potentiation by these agents is due to prevention of norepinephrine metabolism, augmentation of norepinephrine release or prostaglandin formation. It is suggested that 5-HT and histamine act on postjunctional 5-HT and histamine receptors, respectively, to modulate the transmitter effect and that norepinephrine, methysergide and tolazoline may also act through the 5-HT receptors. PMID- 7305558 TI - Relaxation by dopaminergic agonists in cerebral and peripheral arteries (in vitro). AB - The receptors involved in dopamine-induced relaxation were investigated in whole segments of rabbit middle cerebral (M.C.A.) and central ear arteries (C.E.A.) by measuring pressure changes in a constant-flow in vitro set-up. Drug administrations were made in the perfusate. During treatment with high-K+ solution to induce active contraction, and in the presence of 3 x 10(-5) M phenoxybenzamine to prevent alpha-adrenergic contractions, cumulative concentration-response curves were obtained for dopamine, apomorphine, bromocriptine and piribedil. The effects of the dopamine receptor antagonists, sulpiride, haloperidol and droperidol, and a beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, were tested on the concentration-response curves obtained with dopamine. The results can be summarized as follows: the dopaminergic agonists had a relaxant effect in 50% of C.E.A. and in 70% of M.C.A. after alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. This effect was blocked by the 3 antagonists in the M.C.A., and this antagonism appeared to be competitive in the case of sulpiride. In the C.E.A., haloperidol and droperidol exerted complex effects on the dopamine relaxation, and sulpiride had inconsistent effects. Propranolol reduced the concentration-dependent relaxation in the C.E.A., but did not modify the relaxant effect of dopamine in the M.C.A. The present results are consistent with the hypothesis that dopaminergic agonists relax cerebral arteries by acting on specific receptors. The relaxant action on the C.E.A. seems more complex and may occur partly via beta-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7305559 TI - Antihypertensive action of bromocriptine in neurogenic hypertensive dogs. AB - The effects of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, were studied on blood pressure and heart rate in neurogenic hypertensive (sino-aortic denervated) anaesthetized dogs. Bromocriptine induced a very marked decrease in blood pressure but failed to modify the values of heart rate under our experimental conditions. This anti hypertensive action of bromocriptine was abolished by pretreatment with dopamine antagonists: haloperidol, sulpiride or metoclopramide. Bilateral nephrectomy or ligature of both renal and mesenteric arteries (i.e. exclusion of the two major beds with postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors) failed to suppress the decrease in blood pressure elicited by bromocriptine in neurogenic hypertensive dogs. These results suggest that the antihypertensive action of bromocriptine in neurogenic hypertensive dogs was mainly due to an action on presynaptic and/or ganglionic peripheral dopaminergic receptors located on sympathetic nerve endings. The potential future importance of dopaminergic agonists as antihypertensive drugs is discussed. PMID- 7305560 TI - The effects of dopamine on kidney function of rats. AB - The dose-response effects of dopamine on kidney function were studied in rats. Th arterial blood pressure was increased only transiently, after continuous intravenous infusion of dopamine for 2 hr, while heart rate was elevated throughout. Drastic diuresis was usually observed during the early phase of infusion especially when the dose of dopamine was greater than 46 micrograms/min kg BW. Natriuresis was also found to be dose-dependent but its duration was much more prolonged than diuresis. Both, the increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and reduction in tubular salt reabsorption may be responsible for this elevation in the rate of sodium excretion. Dopamine, at low dose, insignificantly increased the GFR but at a higher dose (90 micrograms/min-kg BW), a 16% increment was observed. This elevation in GFR may not be due to a concomitant increase in the renal blood flow, since phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, which would further reduce the renal vascular resistance, abolished the effects of dopamine on GFR, diuresis and natriuresis. It was suggested that the increase in GFR may be due to the differences in the responsiveness of the afferent and the efferent arterioles to dopamine, in the presence of normal alpha-adrenergic receptors. Dopaminergic receptors in the kidney of rat, if present, may not play a significant role in determining the renal function. PMID- 7305561 TI - Effects of ergotamine on isolated human vessels. AB - In isolated human mesenteric and crural veins, ergotamine induced long-lasting contractions. These contractions were resistant to repeated wash-out and were not affected by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade, but could be abolished by removal of extracellular calcium or by the presence of the calcium-blocker nifedipine. In contrast to its effect on human mesenteric and crural veins, ergotamine had no contractile effect, but a marked relaxant effect on mesenteric arteries mediated via blockade of alpha-receptors. The ergotamine-induced contraction was not affected by indomethacin (0.28--2.8 microM) nor was it influenced by serotonin (5 HT). In both mesenteric and crural veins, the ergotamine-induced contraction was diminished by the 5-HT blocking agent, methysergide. In veins, development of tachyphylaxis to 5-HT was demonstrated. It is concluded that ergotamine has a direct contractile effect on isolated human mesenteric and crural veins. These effects are dependent on unhindered influx of extracellular calcium and are at least partly mediated via 5-HT receptors. In mesenteric arteries, ergotamine acted as an alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, and had no contractant effect. PMID- 7305562 TI - Effects of diltiazem therapeutic plasma levels on cardiac conduction and refractoriness. AB - The effects of diltiazem, a new slow channel inhibitor, on the cardiac conduction and refractoriness have been studied using His bundle recordings and the extrastimulus method. In order to determine the role played by possible changes in vagal tone, diltiazem (0.15 mg.kg-1, followed immediately by a 30 min infusion of 0.01 mg.kg-1.min-1) has been administered intravenously to six atropinized dogs, anesthetized with chloralose (100 mg.kg-1) ("atropine group") and to six others which were given chloralose (80 mg.kg-1) and dextromoramide (0.1 mg.kg-1) to ensure the persistence of vagal tone ("vagal tone group"). In the "atropine group", atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction time increased by 137% and AV node effective refractory period by 55%. Heart rate was slowed down by 15% and arterial pressure fell slightly. In the "vagal tone group", the only significant changes were a 26% increase in AV nodal conduction time and a slight fall in arterial pressure. Inhibition of the slow channel accounts for the effects of diltiazem within the "atropine group". A reflex decrease in vagal tone is probably responsible for the somewhat different results observed in the "vagal tone group". Diltiazem resembles verapamil and should share its antiarrhythmic properties. PMID- 7305563 TI - Relative contribution of carotid and aortic bodies to cyanide-induced ventilatory responses in the cat. AB - The participation of afferences from carotid and aortic bodies to the hyperventilation caused by cytotoxic hypoxia was assessed in pentobarbitone anesthetized cats. Dose-response curves for the ventilatory effects induced by i.v. injections of NaCN were obtained before and after successive denervations of peripheral chemoreceptors, in different sequences. Bilateral aortic neurotomy (BAN) or unilateral carotid neurotomy (UCN) did not affect significantly the minimal sensitivity to the drug, although maximal reactivity was reduced in some cats. After bilateral carotid neurotomy (BCN), with preservation of aortic nerves, sensitivity was reduced, but hyperventilation was still provoked by large doses of cyanide. BAN + BCN abolished the ventilatory responses to the drug. In cats with BAN + UCN, ventilatory responses had a high degree of correlation with increases of carotid chemosensory discharges in the range between ca 200% of control and the gasping threshold. It is concluded that the aortic bodies of the cat play a significant role in the hyperventilation produced by cytotoxic hypoxia, although it is less marked than that induced through the carotid bodies. PMID- 7305564 TI - Effects of carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation on respiration and phrenic nerve activity in intact and vagotomized rabbits. AB - The effects of carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation by NaCN on respiration and phrenic nerve activity were studied in intact and vagotomized rabbits. In intact animals, an intracarotid injection of 30 micrograms of NaCN resulted in an elevation of phrenic nerve activity and a rapid onset of respiratory excitation associated with an increase in respiratory rate and the response was markedly potentiated after vagotomy. The change in respiratory rate was primarily due to a decrease in expiration time in intact animals, whereas it resulted from a pronounced decrease in inspiration time in vagotomized animals. The results suggest a suppressive effect of the vagus nerve on carotid body chemoreceptor reflex and a possible interaction of the latter input with the pneumotaxic center. An induction of a continuous increase in phrenic nerve activity accompanied by apneustic respiration by intracarotid dopamine was another evidence to support the assumption. PMID- 7305565 TI - Effects of trapidil on musculature and vasculature of the dog trachea in situ. AB - In anesthetized dogs the trachea in situ was perfused with blood through the cannulated cranial thyroid arteries. The effects of trapidil on tracheal musculature and vasculature were assessed in comparison with those of isoproterenol and theophylline. All drugs were injected intra-arterially. Isoproterenol (0.03--0.3 microgram), trapidil (10--300 micrograms) and theophylline (30--300 micrograms) all produced an increase in tracheal blood flow (tracheal vasodilatation) and a decrease in the tracheal intraluminal pressure elevated by neostigmine (tracheal dilatation). In high doses the three drugs all produced maximal tracheal dilatation. Dose-response curves for tracheal vasodilatation to the three drugs were all parallel together, and trapidil was about 2700 time less potent than isoproterenol and about 3 times more potent than theophylline on a weight basis in producing tracheal vasodilatation. Dose response curves for tracheal dilatation to the three drugs were also parallel together, and trapidil was about 880 times less potent than isoproterenol and about 3 times more potent than theophylline on a weight basis. When compared with isoproterenol, trapidil was about 3 times more effective on tracheal musculature than on tracheal vasculature, and theophylline resembled trapidil. The results suggest that trapidil can also be used as a bronchodilator. PMID- 7305566 TI - Bronchodilator and antiallergic properties of LA 2851 (2-4-diamino-7-methyl pyrazolo (1,5-a) 1,3,5-triazine). AB - LA 2851, 2-4-diamino-7-methyl-pyrazolo (1,5a) 1, 3, 5 triazine has been found to possess potent bronchodilator and inhibitor properties on experimental active and passive anaphylaxis. In vitro evaluation on guinea-pig trachea indicated that LA 2851 had relaxant properties on unstimulated and stimulated (histamine or pilocarpine) strips. Resistance and compliance measurement in anaesthetized dogs and guinea-pigs showed that the drug reversed or prevented in vivo bronchoconstriction due to histamine. The relaxant effect was not linked to beta stimulating property. LA 2851 was as active as theophylline in all tests used. LA 2851 and theophylline prevented anaphylactic shock in mice. DSCG was poorly active. IgE mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rat was dose-dependently inhibited by LA 2851 (DSCG greater than LA 2851 greater than theophylline). According to these results the compound decreased histamine release from rat mast cells induced by different secretagogues (LA 2851 greater than DSCG greater than theophylline). No tachyphylaxis (PCA) nor time preincubation dependency (mast cells) was found with LA 2851 as it has been reported for DSCG. LA 2851 by its pharmacological properties associated with a very low toxicity (2.5 to 5 times less than theophylline) provides a new potential agent for respiratory diseases. PMID- 7305567 TI - The effect of a single dose of DDT on thyroid function in male rats. AB - A single dose of 100 mg/kg of commercially available 1, 1, 1,-trichloro-2, 2, bis (p-chlorophenyl), ethane, (DDT), dissolved in corn oil, was administrated to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by stomach tube and two indices of thyroid function were examined. The iodide transport function of the thyroid gland determined by the thyroid: serum radioiodide concentration ration, (T:S) was depressed, and complete inhibition in thyroidal radioiodine release occurred 8 to 10 hr following administration of DDT and continued for 24 to 30 hr. Subsequently the block in thyroidal 131I release was followed by a return to a rate not significantly different from that of control rats. Whether the acute effects of a single large dose of DDT on thyroid function are a consequence of a local action on the thyroid gland or on pituitary thyrotropin release, or of some action elsewhere is not clear. PMID- 7305568 TI - The potential effect of blood pressure reduction on cardiovascular disease. A cautionary note. AB - The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at various levels of systolic blood pressure (BP) and the potential benefit of BP reduction have been estimated by constructing probability tables for extended periods based on the Framingham Study data. These estimates demonstrate that systolic BP alone delineates subgroups of persons with widely divergent risk of CVD, depending both on their demographic and clinical characteristic. For example, the disparity in prognosis is such that some persons with a systolic BP of 160 mm Hg are at greater risk of subsequent CVD than others with a systolic BP of 195 mm Hg. The potential benefit to be derived from systolic BP reduction shows similarly wide variation, so initial pressure alone does not precisely predict the gain that might accompany BP reduction. Measures of greater prognostic value are needed to enhance the value of BP determination. PMID- 7305569 TI - On the management of 'mild hypertension'. PMID- 7305570 TI - Increased pharyngeal bacterial colonization during viral illness. AB - The oropharyngeal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and its duration were studied in 89 house staff officers, with biweekly quantitative cultures for 11 months. Eighty-two episodes of upper respiratory tract infection were documented during the study period. The oropharyngeal colonization during illness-free periods ranged from 12% to 18% for GNB and from 5% to 14% for S aureus. During an episode of upper respiratory tract infection, the oropharyngeal colonization of GNB increased to 60%; S aureus colonization increased to 43%. The colonization with both GNB and S aureus was transient and lasted for approximately two weeks. The increased colonization by S aureus and GNB during a viral respiratory tract infection may be a factor contributing to the increased risk of pneumonia in patients with this condition. PMID- 7305571 TI - Rarity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with acromegaly. AB - We studied 44 acromegalic patients with the use of fluorescein angiography to detect the presence of diabetic retinopathy. We found elements of diabetic retinopathy in only one patient (2.2%). The average patient had a growth hormone concentration of 32 ng/mL (range, 1 to 275 ng/mL) for a duration of 10.5 years (range, three to 26 years). Forty-five percent (20) of our group had glucose intolerance and 14% (six) had elevated fasting blood glucose levels for an average duration of two years (range, one to four years). We conclude that diabetic retinopathy is an uncommon finding in patients with acromegaly and that fluorescein angiography does not reveal cases that were not detected by conventional funduscopic examination. PMID- 7305573 TI - Therapeutic plasma exchange. PMID- 7305572 TI - Restoration of renal function after bilateral renal artery occlusion. AB - Five patients had anuric renal failure caused by occlusion of the main renal arteries. All had a background of controlled hypertension, but in three patients, hypertension accelerated in the months before anuria. Extensive atherosclerotic disease was clinically evident in the peripheral (3/5), coronary (4/5), and cerebral (1/5) vessels. Identifiable precipitating events preceded the development of anuria in four patients. Although the use of renal ultrasonogram and scintiscan was suggestive, angiography was essential to establish the diagnosis after a brief period of maintenance hemodialysis. Renal artery revascularization performed as long as 38 days after the onset of anuria resulted in restoration of kidney function. PMID- 7305574 TI - Rapidly progressing, massive mitral annular calcification. Occurrence in a patient with chronic renal failure. AB - Calcification of the mitral annulus developed in a patient while undergoing dialysis. The rapid onset of events corresponded to the onset of end-stage renal failure and uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism. Sequential echocardiograms verified the progression of calcification of the annulus as well as the valve. A new systolic and diastolic murmur and reduced valve orifice on two-dimensional echocardiography suggested acquired nonrheumatic mitral stenosis and insufficiency. We propose that metastatic calcium deposition rather than long term hypertensive and degenerative effects was the predominant mechanism for massive calcification of the annulus and valve. It is suggested that M-mode echocardiography be used sequentially to follow both the occurrence and progression of calcification of the mitral annulus or valve in patients with chronic renal failure, secondary hyperparathyroidism, or both. PMID- 7305575 TI - Bezoar therapy. Complication using Adolph's Meat Tenderizer and alternatives from literature review. PMID- 7305576 TI - Reversible acute renal failure induced by indomethacin. PMID- 7305577 TI - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - A 30-year-old woman had scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, deforming polyarthritis, distal renal tubular acidosis, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, and persistent mild myopathy. During a five-year period the patient's otherwise mild course of disease was complicated by the occurrence of five episodes of severe flaccid muscle paralysis involving both proximal and distal muscle groups. Between the paralytic episodes the patient functioned well without replacement therapy, and had normal potassium levels. The sicca component was mild and went unrecognized for several years. There was no family history of muscle disease. The data presented in this report support the view that the paralytic episodes were due to hypokalemia secondary to renal tubular acidosis associated with Sjogren's syndrome. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis may occur as a rare complication of Sjogren's syndrome and renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 7305578 TI - Ethambutol-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. AB - Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe cutaneous reaction that most commonly is related to drug exposure and that clinically can be confused with other bullous dermatoses, particularly staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and erythema multiforme major (the Stevens-Johnson syndrome). We report the first case, to our knowledge, of TEN associated with ethambutol hydrochloride administration. Toxic epidermal necrolysis can be partially differentiated from other bullous dermatoses by history and clinical presentation. Microbiological results (eg, the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in SSSS) and immunological studies (eg, the demonstration of immune complexes in the Stevens-Johnson syndrome) may aid in differentiation, but ultimately the diagnosis depends on histopathological examination of involved skin. PMID- 7305580 TI - Branhamella (Neisseria) catarrhalis systemic disease in humans. Case reports and review of the literature. PMID- 7305579 TI - Diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome associated with underlying severe emphysema. AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) notably produces bilateral homogeneous alveolar infiltrates and decreased lung compliance. We encountered a patient whose severe underlying emphysema altered these distinctive clinical features. The chest roentgenogram showed bilateral infiltrates containing multiple radiolucencies that simulated a cavitary process. Also, lung-chest wall compliances measured during mechanical ventilation were higher than usually observed in patients with ARDS. We suggest that the pathologic features of the emphysematous lung with multiple blebs and decreased elastic recoil properties impart these unique findings. When ARDS develops in a patient with severe underlying emphysema, an atypical presentation may produce a confusing clinical picture. PMID- 7305582 TI - Myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery resulting in subendocardial infarction. PMID- 7305581 TI - Isolated lymphadenitis caused by Candida albicans in a patient with acute leukemia. AB - Lymphadenitis caused by Candida developed in a patient with acute leukemia but there was no other evidence of disseminated infection. He was successfully treated intravenously with only 800 mg of amphotericin B. The presentation of disseminated candidiasis in immunocompromised hosts is discussed. The unusual finding in this case of Candida infection apparently confined to a lymph node was interpreted as a stage of fungal invasion more limited than the widely disseminated disease. The concept of a locally invasive but nondisseminated Candida infection was the basis for giving this patient a low dose of amphotericin B. PMID- 7305583 TI - Sideroblastic anemia associated with penicillamine therapy. PMID- 7305584 TI - Fifty-year follow-up of hypophosphatasia. PMID- 7305585 TI - High-altitude pulmonary infarction. PMID- 7305586 TI - Glucose-induced hyperkalemia in diabetic subjects. PMID- 7305587 TI - Raised plasma urea levels after myocardial infarction. Errors. PMID- 7305588 TI - The psychological consequences of physical illness. PMID- 7305589 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing: variability of physician interpretation. PMID- 7305590 TI - Invasive amebiasis. PMID- 7305591 TI - Quantitative analysis of preoperative left heart volume in tetralogy of Fallot. The effect on the results and hemodynamics after total repair. PMID- 7305593 TI - [Chemical analysis of gallstones. [II] Classification and composition of human gallstones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305594 TI - Retrospective evaluation of the operative methods for cancer of the rectum. PMID- 7305592 TI - [Clinical studies on the segmental and conductive spinal evoked potentials (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305596 TI - [Intraventricular hemorrhage in blunt head injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305595 TI - Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the rib. PMID- 7305597 TI - Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head after pregnancy. PMID- 7305598 TI - [Aspergillosis forming fungus ball. A report of case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305599 TI - Induction of phenol-metabolizing enzymes in Trichosporon cutaneum. AB - Some aspects of the induction of enzymes participating in the metabolism of phenol and resorcinol in Trichosporon cutaneum were studied using intact cells and cell-free preparations. Activities of phenol hydroxylase (1.14.13.7), catechol 1,2-oxygenase (1.13, 11.1), cis-cis-muconate cyclase (5.5.1.-), delactonizing enzyme(s) and maleolylacetate reductase were 50-400 times higher in fully induced cells than in noninduced cells. In addition to phenol and resorcinol, also catechol, cresols and fluorophenols could induce phenol hydroxylase. The induction was severely inhibited by phenol concentrations higher than 1 mM. Using optimum inducer concentrations (0.01-0.10 mM), it took more than 8 h to obtain full induction, whether in proliferating or in nonproliferating cells. Phenol hydroxylase, catechol 1,2-oxygenase and cis, cis-muconate cyclase were induced simultaneously. The synthesis of the de-lactonizing activity was delayed in relation to these three preceeding enzymes of the pathway. High glucose concentration (over 15 mM) inhibited completely the induction of phenol oxidation by nonproliferating cells. It also inhibited phenol oxidation by pre induced cells. Among the NADPH-generating enzymes, the activity of iso-citrate dehydrogenase was elevated in cells grown on phenol and resorcinol instead of glucose. PMID- 7305600 TI - Does psychotherapy benefit neurotic patients. AB - Smith, Glass, and Miller examined the benefits of psychotherapy in 475 controlled studies. Their data were reexamined, and only studies of patients coded as having neuroses, true phobias, and emotional-somatic complaints and who had sought treatment were included in the present analysis. The results of 81 controlled trials were integrated statistically using the metaanalytic technique. The findings provide further evidence on the efficacy of psychotherapy. The condition of the typical patient after treatment was better than that of 77% of untreated controls measured at the same time. The rate of relapse in the first two years was small. The behavior and psychodynamic verbal therapies appeared to be superior to other therapies. The relation between severity of illness and choice of therapy is unknown. This factor could account for some of the differential effects but does not vitiate the main finding. PMID- 7305602 TI - Couples training, pharmacotherapy, and behavior therapy in the treatment of obesity. AB - The effects of behavior therapy with and without either pharmacotherapy or couples training were studied in 124 obese adults. In a 16-week behavioral weight reduction program, patients were assigned to medication (fenfluramine hydrochloride) and no-medication conditions and to three spouse conditions in a 2 x 3 design. Two conditions consisted of patients with "cooperative" spouses; in one, patients were treated with their spouses, and in the other they were treated alone. In the third, patients with "uncooperative" spouses were treated alone. Fenfluramine produced significantly greater weight losses than no medication, but patients in the medication group regained weight much more rapidly during a 12 month maintenance period. The spouse conditions did not differ in weight change during treatment or follow-up. Obese spouses lost as much weight as the patients and were slightly more successful than the patients at maintaining their losses. Patients with obese spouses lost more weight than patients with nonobese spouses. Depression decreased in proportion to decrease in weight. PMID- 7305603 TI - Self-righteous rage and the attribution of blame. AB - Clear case formulation requires organization of observation into descriptive units. A clinically useful descriptive unit is the state of mind, as related to other common states and to patterns of transition between states. This report describes self-righteous rage, other dominant affect states commonly associated with it, and the incitements to occurrence of this mental state. Careful study of repetitive patterns clarifies some of the explanations for an excessive readiness to enter such states and indicates how to formulate the developmental level of blame-attribution functions in individual patients. PMID- 7305604 TI - Measuring nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology. Further observations on the problem. AB - The reliability and validity of the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI) are examined using data from a triethnic (white, black, and Mexican American) sample of community respondents. The PERI scales attempt to measure both nonspecific psychological distress and different dimensions of psychopathology. Internal consistency reliability is assessed using Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Concurrent and discriminant validity are evaluated by comparing the PERI scales with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Bradburn Negative Affect Scale. These scales show high internal consistency reliability in all three ethnic groups. The Demoralization Scale measures a separate dimension from the other psychopathology scales, and the latter scales are distinct from one another. While the criterion validity of the PERI in population samples remains unknown, it is possible to measure important dimensions of psychopathology in the general population. The PERI may constitute one such measure. PMID- 7305601 TI - Efficacy of psychotherapy. Asking the right questions. AB - Economic pressures and "value" judgments both compel and contaminate the current debate on the efficacy of psychotherapy. Too often, complex clinical trial outcome studies ignore the clinical or treatment process, as well as personality or contextual variables. Thus, they fail to build the foundations of a clinical science that makes possible the development of individually tailored treatment approaches and outcome predictions for specific patients with unique personalities, symptoms, and life circumstances. The real challenge, therefore, is for each psychotherapeutic approach to delineate its "process steps" and relate these steps to different outcomes. The "process" is the "final common pathway" for a number of patient, therapist, technique, and contextual variables. The capacity to predict the relationship between process and outcome at each stage in a therapeutic procedure is the relevant clinical test of "efficacy." PMID- 7305606 TI - Mastering the art of research interviewing. A model training procedure for diagnostic evaluation. AB - A training program for researchers using standard clinical assessment procedures has been developed to enhance comparability of findings across studies through reducing critical sources of unreliability. The need for such a program is especially important in large multifacility collaborative studies in which the pooling of diagnostic and rating-scale data is planned. The program described here focuses on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and Research Diagnostic Criteria, two instruments widely used in clinical research. It consists of the following four phases of training: use of written case vignettes, videotaped interviews, in-person training interviews, and ongoing monitoring to maintain reliability. Checks on reliability are built into each successive phase of training. This program can serve as a model for training in the use of other standard interview assessment procedures requiring clinical judgment. PMID- 7305605 TI - The assessment of social adjustment. An update. AB - Since a review of 15 social adjustment scales appeared six years ago in the ARCHIVES, a number of new scales have been developed and tested. Twelve new scales, three written self-administered and nine interviewer-administered scales, are considered to be useful in clinical and epidemiologic research in psychiatry. Future research in this area should include development of scales for use with children, adolescents, and the elderly; revision of scales to reflect changes in traditional roles, especially among women; clarification of the concepts underlying social functioning; and systematic explication and measurement of these concepts. PMID- 7305607 TI - Patterns of individual change scales. AB - Measurement of complex modifications in personal functioning is a necessary step to the relevant translation of psychotherapy research into clinical practice. Using an assessment strategy aimed toward decreasing subjective bias, we pursued an inductive clinical approach in constructing the Patterns of Individual Change Scales (PICS) battery. Designed for use with a bereaved population, each of the 13 scales has a unitary focus and hierarchy of functional levels across the domains of symptoms, social relations, and self-concept. Nine experienced clinical judges rated the scales after viewing videotaped evaluation interviews of 18 patients and 18 field subject. In general, the PICS had a suitable range for our borderline through normal population, reached acceptable levels of reliability, and could discriminate among subjects in clinically meaningful ways. Future analyses will consider issues of bias, validity, and generalization. PMID- 7305608 TI - The clinical use of clonidine in abrupt withdrawal from methadone. Effects on blood pressure and specific signs and symptoms. AB - Clonidine hydrochloride was found to be effective in the treatment of methadone hydrochloride withdrawal. Under controlled inpatient conditions established to assess dosage guidelines and to examine specific signs and symptoms of withdrawal, 20 of 25 (80%) patients were able to withdraw completely from methadone by the end of a two-week period. In most patients, ten to 11 days of clonidine administration, with a peak mean dose of 16 micro g /kg/day, resulted in a perceived reduction in symptoms compared with previous attempts to become opiate free. At these doses clonidine significantly reduced standing blood pressure without producing clinical problems. The withdrawal symptoms of anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, and muscular aching were most resistant to clonidine treatment and were reported by the majority of patients. PMID- 7305609 TI - Effects of clonidine on anxiety disorders. AB - To examine the role of the noradrenergic system in anxiety disorders, 23 patients (nine with generalized anxiety disorders and 14 with panic disorders) were studied for four weeks with clonidine hydrochloride, a predominantly presynaptic noradrenergic agonist, and with placebo. A double-blind crossover design was used. The effect of clonidine was comparable in both anxiety disorders and superior to placebo in patients who tolerated the drug. The conditions of 17% of the patients became worse with the medication. The main effect of clonidine was a decrease of anxiety attacks and "psychic" symptoms. Somatic symptoms were least affected. The complexity of the results may be explained through the postsynaptic effects of clonidine, which in part neutralize its presynaptic nonadrenergic effects. It may also indicate disturbances in other neurotransmitter systems that are not affected by clonidine. PMID- 7305610 TI - 'Maternity blues' in East African clinic attenders. AB - It has long been recognized that most mothers experience a transient depressive mood swing within ten days of delivery. Studies have largely been in women from developed countries, and it is of interest to know whether the phenomenon is culture bound or supracultural in its manifestation. A retrospective study of "maternity blues" in 50 East African mothers seen within two to 16 weeks of delivery showed that despite a radically different culture, the incidence resembled that of developed countries. Of 38 mothers who experienced maternity blues, 21 had tearfulness and 14 had somatic features of anxiety. PMID- 7305611 TI - The road ot Nosologic Nirvana. PMID- 7305613 TI - [Some parameters of the production of a type D retrovirus (PMFV) in human cells (author's transl)]. AB - The production of a type D retrovirus (PMFV) was analysed using different conditions of cultivation. Both in cell culture flasks and in roller culture bottles with discontinuous change of medium an increase of virus amount was determined within 12 h after seeding of virus-infected cells. Then the virus production considerably fluctuated around an apparent mean value until the end of the experiment at 56 h. In case of a continuous change of cell culture medium in roller bottles a maximum of virus production was measured at a retention time of 24 h of cell culture medium. The production of PMFV could be essentially increased when virus-producing cells were co-cultivated with non-infected cells of the same type. PMID- 7305614 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on serum ceruloplasmin oxidase activity in sarcoma bearing rats. AB - High levels of serum ceruloplasmin oxidase activity were detected in U strain isogenic male rats bearing a syngeneic sarcoma in all phases of tumoral evolution. Normal levels of ceruloplasmin were only observed after a single i.p. dose of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg). However subsequent weekly administration of the drug did not prevent the return of hyperceruloplasminemia in the tumor hosts. Normal rats treated similarly with cyclophosphamide presented a fall in the enzyme activity after the 1st dose. PMID- 7305612 TI - Influence of some synthetic antioxidants on the growth and metastases formation of Lewis lung carcinoma and amelanotic B16 melanoma in C57BL mice. AB - Synthetic antioxidants: EPO (p-ethoxyphenol), PHP (p-hydroxypropiophenone), and DPPD (N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide were administered subcutaneously to mice after subcutaneous implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma or amelanotic B16 melanoma into the tails. The doses of antioxidants used were: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg per day, respectively. The animals received five injections a week during two weeks. The tails with Lewis lung carcinoma were amputated after 16 days and with amelanotic melanoma after 20 days; tumors weight was measured. 25 days after Lewis lung carcinoma and 42 days after B16 melanoma implantation mice were sacrificed, lungs weighed and incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary metastases were estimated. There was a significant increase of weight of amelanotic melanoma in animals treated with EOP or PHP (p less than or equal to 0.05). No influence of antioxidants on the metastases incidence of B16 melanoma was found. Antioxidants used did not influence the Lewis lung carcinoma weight, whereas EOP or PHP increased the incidence of extrapulmonary metastases (p = 0.05, and p = 0.1, respectively). PMID- 7305615 TI - [The significance of acid phosphatase activity in the cytologic diagnosis of thyroid malignancy (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of acid phosphatase in thyroid cells obtained by aspiration biopsy with thin needle was studied. The results were compared with those, found by a biochemical method in the operation material of the same cases. It has been proved that there is a significant difference between malignant tumours with cytochemically mostly positive acid phosphatase reaction and colloid adenomas with mostly negative reaction. The results obtained by biochemical method showed significant quantitative differences between malignant and benign tumours. The pattern of acid phosphatase subunits (isoenzymes) in the sera of patients with thyroid malignancies were pathologic and similar to those found in mammary cancers. It can be supposed that the behavior of acid phosphatase in thyreocytes depends on same metabolic properties, perhaps on some process characteristic for malignancy, e.g. growth activity. Even this finding of cytochemically positive acid phosphatase reaction cannot be awaited to be quite specific, it has proved as a useful marker signalizing the possibility of malignancy. PMID- 7305617 TI - [Remarks on the history, philosophy and sociology of medicine]. PMID- 7305616 TI - [Survival rates in lymphogranulomatosis related to different methods of primary treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1950 and 1979, 544 patients with Lymphogranulomatosis were treated in the Central Institute of Radiology in Karl-Marx-Stadt. In regard to the practice of the ray-therapy 4 groups can be compared. The survival rates rise demonstrably with the radicalism of the treatment. Using the present method--irradiation by telecobalt about 40 Gy for all the participated regions inclusive of the clinically negative neighbouring lymph node stations--a 5 years survival of 66.7 percent is found. The partly retrospective staging by the Ann Arbor classification is availably only in a qualified sense; in this way the importance of a careful diagnosis and its share in improving the results is emphasized. For interpreting the relatively favourable results in combination of radiologica treatment with chemotherapy in cases with a doubtful prognosis is referred to. PMID- 7305618 TI - [A few remarks on the work of a historian of medicine]. PMID- 7305619 TI - Effects of estrogen and progesterone on the spleen of the mouse: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The effects of estrogen and progesterone on the spleen of gonadectomized male mice were studied by means of quantitative methods. Estrogen caused an increase in the weight of the spleen. The splenic pulps, red and white, were significantly enlarged, and particularly by the red pulp was found to be markedly increased in volume. In the red pulp of the control, erythroid cells were most numerous in the various hemopoietic cell lines. Estrogen caused a further increase of erythroid cells, and erythroblasts underwent a two-fold increase in number. By stereological analysis using electron microscopy, erythroblasts could be classified into three categories in nuclear and cell sizes: small, medium and large. Large and medium erythroblasts were three to four times as numerous in the estrogen-treated group as in the control. The white pulp did not show any histological changes following estrogen injection, and progesterone exerted almost no influence upon the splenic pulps. PMID- 7305620 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscope studies on the organ of Corti and stria vascularis in human fetal cochlear ducts. AB - The organ of Corti in human fetuses aged 5 and 7 months, respectively, was observed with the scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM and TEM). By SEM observation, bulbous cytoplasmic structures protruding from the apical surface of the outer and inner hair cells were observed as was the case in SEM reports by others. By TEM observation, it was revealed that these structures are cytoplasmic projections from the so-called cuticular notch which, in adults, houses the basal body and is a site for synthesis of auditory stereocilia and a single kinocilium. The stria vascularis was examined only in the 5 month specimen. The cytoplasm of the differentiating marginal cells is characterized by the presence of thick walled tubular membranes. The observation suggests that this tubular system may represent "a particular site" for secretion of some ions into the endolymph in the fetal condition. PMID- 7305621 TI - Prolactin induced mitotic activity in the anterior pituitary gland of the chick. AB - The current investigation was undertaken to study whether mammalian prolactin can induce mitotic activity in the anterior pituitary gland in chicks. It was found that intramuscular injections of ovine prolactin (1.5 i.u. and 10 i.u. each daily per bird for 10 days) significantly increased mitotic frequency in the adenohypophysis of juvenile cockerels. It is suggested that ovine prolactin has a mitogenic action on the adenohypophysis of the male chicks and that the reaction may be dose-dependent. PMID- 7305622 TI - Three-dimensional structure of Tomes' processes and enamel prism formation in the kitten. AB - The Tomes' processes of ameloblasts in the kitten were examined with both transmission and scanning electron microscopes and their three-dimensional structure demonstrated. In general, Tomes' process can be envisaged as the upper part of a diagonally cut column. It was established that the flat crescent face of the process which is slanted cervically, it is the secretory surface (S-face) and the curved crescent surface which is cuspally directed, is the nonsecretory surface (N-face). The cervical border of the S-face is confluent with the free apical surfaces of cervically adjacent ameloblasts. Only the S-face and the adjoining small part of the next ameloblasts produce enamel and arrange crystallites into prisms as evidenced by the perpendicular orientation of crystallites to the S-face of Tomes' process and the free ameloblast surface. Crystallite arrangement within prisms and prism arrangement within enamel are determined by the three-dimensional morphology of the Tomes' processes. The processes are schematically represented and their relationship to other ultrastructural features as seen in sections is discussed. PMID- 7305623 TI - Effects of hydrocortisone on peritoneal free cells in mice. AB - Effects of hydrocortisone on peritoneal free cells in the mouse were examined by quantitative morphologic procedures. Mice of both sexes at 60 to 65 days of age received one, two, or four successive subcutaneous injections of 0.5 mg hydrocortisone every 24 hrs. After one injection, peritoneal free cells showed a rapid decrease in number during the first 3 hrs. They then increased up to about 1.5 times the control value at 24 hrs and returned to the normal level at 48 hrs in both sexes. After two injections, peritoneal cells showed a significant decrease in number in females during the first 2 days. Thereafter they returned to normal in both sexes at 8 to 12 days. The three major types of peritoneal cells, type I, II and III cells, which have been described in previous papers (ABE et al., 1979a, b; HONMA et al., 1980), differed in response to hydrocortisone. Type I cells (small lymphocytes) were markedly reduced in number immediately after hydrocortisone injection and remained depleted even 12 days after injection. Type II cells (medium-sized mononuclear cells) showed the most remarkable response to hydrocortisone. Changes in the total number of peritoneal cells following hydrocortisone injection were ascribed mainly to those of type II cells. Type III cells (macrophages) did not show any significant changes in number after injection. PMID- 7305624 TI - Freeze replica observations on the junction structures in the guinea-pig liver after bile duct ligation and recanalization. PMID- 7305625 TI - Comparative ultrastructural study of the Ito cells in the liver in some reptiles. AB - The Ito cell (fat-storing cell) in the liver of the lizard, snake and turtle was studied by electron microscopy. The Ito cell was positioned in the perisinusoidal space of Disse and contained characteristic fat droplets in all of the animals studied. The fat droplets in the Ito cells of turtles, fed commercially obtained pig liver, were numerous and large. The Ito cells contained fewer and smaller fat droplets in the lizards and snakes, caught in their natural habitat and sacrificed. There were frequently Ito cells without fat droplets, designated as empty Ito cells, in the snake liver. Dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were found in the Ito cells of the lizard and snake liver, but they were absent from the Ito cells of the turtle liver. It is suggested that the nutritional state of animals, especially the vitamin A concentration in the food, might induce these differences in the Ito cell. PMID- 7305626 TI - Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the submandibular gland of the Japanese wood mouse (Apodemus ainu ainu Tokuda). AB - The submandibular glands of adult female and male Japanese wood mice (Apodemus ainu ainu Tokuda) were studied histochemically using toluidine blue (pH 2.5, 4.1 and 7.0, McIlvaine), PAS reaction, Millon's reaction for tyrosine, p dimethylaminobenzaldehyde for tryptophan, and substrate film techniques for amylase and protease. The glands were also examined ultrastructurally and ultracytochemically by the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique (PA-TCH-SP staining) for glycoprotein. The submandibular gland consisted of the striated ducts (SDs), the convoluted granular tubules (CGTs), the intercalated ducts and the terminal portions. In both sexes the acinar cells were seromucous in secretory nature, and the secretory granules contained glycoproteins and were negative to amylase and protease activities. By the PA-TCH SP staining, the distribution of glycoproteins and fine structural alternations corresponding to the maturation of the secretory granules were demonstrated. The granules of the CGT cells contained tryptophan, tyrosine and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The granules showed negative reactions to acid mucopolysaccharides, protease and amylase activities, and glycoproteins. Glycogen particles in the apocrine processes were intensely positive to PA-TCH-SP staining. Dark and clear cells were distinguished in the SDs. The apical cytoplasm of the SD cells contained two types of vesicles. One type may represent reabsorption vesicles and the other secretory vesicles. Some of the SD cells had both microvilli, associated with reabsorption vesicles and apocrine process containing abundant glycogen particles on their luminal surface. From the statistical analysis of the average values, the CGT diameter of the male mice was significantly larger than that of the female mice. PMID- 7305627 TI - Immunological activity of fractions of thymus factor X (TFX). AB - Immunotropic activity of 5 fractions of thymus extract (TFX) was evaluated in vitro. It was shown that, except fraction IV, they exerted protective effect in relation to the cytotoxicity activity of hydrocortisone. Beside, all but fraction IV restored the ability of lymphocytes for rosette formation, suppressed previously by the introduction of imuran. In both experimental systems fraction V exhibited the strongest effect. The division of fraction V into subfractions--A and B showed that practically all thymosin activity is concentrated in subfraction B. PMID- 7305628 TI - Immunomodulators--thymus factor X (TFX) and levamisole in immune reactions and inflammatory processes. AB - Comparative evaluation of immunotropic and inflammatory activity of thymus factor (TFX) and levamisole was performed. In numerous experimental systems it was shown that both preparations exert stimulatory effect on the course and intensity of the specific immune reactions. Many tests proved their stimulatory effect on the nonspecifically induced inflammatory processes. TFX as well as levamisole, beside their influence on the course of immune reactions, are also active in the differentiation of T lymphocytes. Differences and similarities in the effect of both evaluated compounds were examined in the in vivo and in vitro systems and it was observed that levamisole possesses the components of activity atypical for thymus hormones. PMID- 7305631 TI - Evaluation of ectodermal lesions in intravenous vaccinia infected mice as a method to investigate the antiviral activity of isatin beta-thiosemicarbazone derivative (TSK VI compound). AB - In this paper ectodermal lesions on the tails of mice inoculated intravenously with vaccinia virus were used to study the influence of N,N'-bis[methylisatin beta-thiosemicarbazone]-2-methylpiperazine (TSKI VI) on the number and dynamics of lesion formations. The activity of this compound was compared to that of the antiviral drug, methisazone. The reduction in lesions after treatment with TSKI VI was similar to the reduction induced by methisazone, which, on the basis of earlier theroretical and experimental data as well as on the lower toxicity of TSKI VI for the tissues and a more favorable therapeutic index, makes this compound worth considering in the treatment of postvaccinal complications. This method proved very useful in examination of the substances having potential prophylactic properties in preventing generalized infections. PMID- 7305629 TI - The response of cancer patients' lymphocytes to mitogen. The effect of indomethacin on adherent and non-adherent cells activity. AB - The response to mitogen (Con A) of the normal and cancer patient non-adherent cells (NAC) was studied. These cells were added to adherent cells (AC) monolayer in an autologous and a homologous combination and cultured with absence or presence of indomethacin. The mitogen response of patient autologous cells (NAC + AC) was poor and indomethacin did not cause any changes. The mitogen response of normal autologous cells (NAC + AC) was increased by indomethacin, and was dependent on the number of AC in the culture. NAC from patient and from control blood cultured alone did not show an increase of response to mitogen when indomethacin was in the culture. The patient NAC cultured with normal AC showed a low response and a slight increase of response in the presence of indomethacin. The suggestion that prostaglandins are not involved in the suppression of mitogen response of patient lymphocyte and that the patient lymphocytes are hyporesponsive to PGs is discussed. PMID- 7305630 TI - Histopathological changes in rabbits with long-term treatment with hydrazinophtalazines with or without hyperimmunization. PMID- 7305632 TI - Search for antitumor compounds. XIII. Biological studies. Antitumor properties of 20 quinolines, carbazoles, acridines nitro derivatives. AB - Results of the studies on antitumor activity of 20 acridines and related compounds (19 of them were new) in Sa-180-bearing mice are presented. Only several of these compounds i.e. C-258, C-829, C-874, and C-899(21) appeared to inhibit the Sa-180 growth; the activity of the two other compounds (C-783(21) and C-755(21)) requires confirmation in further experiments. The remaining 14 compounds were inactive. Some other general effects exerted by the compounds tested in Sa-180-bearing mice and some aspects of the structure-activity relationship are discussed. PMID- 7305633 TI - Chemical and biological properties of 2-pyridyl-benzyl-carbinol. AB - Three isomers of pyridylbenzylcarbinol were synthetized and their chemical properties and biological activity were studied. Clear dependence between chemical structure and antitumor activity was observed. As expected most active appeared 2-pyridylbenzylcarbinol (alpha-carbinol). It showed significant antitumor activity against subcutaneous tumors of Ehrlich carcinoma. Nemeth Kellner lymphoma and sarcoma 180. On a chronic treatment schedule tumor inhibition from 60 to 80% was induced. No activity was seen in L1210 and P388 models. In B16 melanoma the significant inhibition of tumor growth was obtained at 200 mg/kg/injection. Tumor inhibitory effect was also observed in Yoshida sarcoma. Depending on a dose and schedule the increase in lifespan from 45 to 147% was achieved. LD50 and MTD were determined and were 750 +/- 87.65 mg/kg and 557.8 mg/kg, respectively. Only slight suppressive effect of alpha-carbinol on immunological system was showed. It concerned mainly immunological reactions with cellular system involved, in which distinct suppressive effects were noted. Specific and nonspecific humoral reactivity was little or not at all affected by alpha-carbinol. PMID- 7305634 TI - Screening system for the evaluation of preparations with potential cytostatic and immunotropic activity. I. Derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-2h-pyridazinone-3. AB - New screening system for the evaluation of preparations with potential cytostatic and immunotropic activity has been suggested. It consists in their interaction in relation to the mitogenic activity of phytohemagglutinin. A group of preparations, derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazinone-3 was evaluated. It appeared that among the examined compounds there were preparations suppressing or stimulating the incorporation of 14C-thymidine to lymphocyte nuclei. Dependence between chemical structure and pharmacological activity in this group of compounds is discussed. PMID- 7305635 TI - Screening system for the evaluation of preparations with potential cytostatic and immunotropic activity. II. Derivatives of propionic and hydroxybutyric acids and of tetrahydrofuranone-2. AB - New screening system was used for the evaluation of preparations wih potential anti-mitotic, cytostatic and secondarily, immunodepressive activity. A group of compounds, derivatives of propionic and hydroxybutyric acids and of tetrahydrofuranone-2 was analyzed. It was showed that among them there were preparations reducing 14C-thymidine incorporation to lymphocyte nuclei. The authors pointed to the fact that in this mechanism, beside specific component, nonspecific component takes part, which results from the change of pH of the medium by the solutions of the investigated preparations. Relation between chemical structure and pharmacological activity in this group of compounds is discussed. PMID- 7305636 TI - Screening system for the evaluation of preparations with potential cytostatic and immunotropic activity. III. Derivatives of hexahydrochromate. AB - Activity of a group of hexahydrochromate derivatives was evaluated as compared to the mitogenic activity of phytohemagglutinin. The tested compounds displayed only slight activity although chromate derivatives are known for their antiinflammatory and anti-allergic effect. It was known that affinity to nucleic acids is indispensable for the induction of cytostatic effect of the preparations and not necessary while inducing antiinflammatory and antiallergic effect. PMID- 7305637 TI - [Quantitative structure activity relationships of S,S' dialkyldithiomethylenmalonodinitrilen with regard to antimicrobial activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305638 TI - [Influence of steric hindrance on the degradation of ciclacillin and ampicillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7305639 TI - [Potential antimalarials. 3. (6-(4-diethylamino-1-methylbutyl)aminomethyl)-5,8 dimethoxy-2,4-dimethylquinoline]. PMID- 7305640 TI - [Protein binding of drugs determined by continuous ultrafiltration. I. Protein binding of phenprocoumon]. PMID- 7305641 TI - Driving and perceptual/cognitive skills: behavioral consequences of brain damage. AB - This study investigated the effects of brain damage on perceptual/cognitive skills and driving. The subjects included 23 persons with brain damage, 18 persons with spinal-cord damage, and 10 able-bodied persons. Each subject was evaluated using a battery of perceptual and cognitive tests, a set of driving tasks in a parking lot, and actual in-traffic driving over a fixed route. The results indicate that (1) while persons with brain damage, as a group, exhibited impaired perceptual/cognitive skills and also impaired driving, those who scored well on certain perceptual/cognitive tests tended to show good driving performance as well, (2) different perceptual/cognitive tests are good predictors of driving performance by persons with and without brain damage, and (3) the driving problems exhibited by some of the persons with brain damage likely result, in part, from the deficits in their perceptual and cognitive skills. PMID- 7305642 TI - Vocational adjustment and survival on chronic hemodialysis. AB - The survival of 71 patients on chronic dialysis correlated positively with vocational rehabilitation. Employed patients (n = 47) survived longer (p less than 0.001) than unemployed (n = 24). Within the employed group, parttime workers (n = 23) lived longer (p less than 0.01) than fulltime workers (n = 24). Although patients on chronic dialysis appear to live longer if employed, fulltime employment may be excessively stressful in a patient population whose treatment makes large demands on the patient's time. PMID- 7305643 TI - Etiologic factors in pressure sores: an experimental model. AB - The primary etiologic factor in the production of pressure sores is considered to be pressure-induced ischemia with the threshold being 35mmHg for 2 hours. However, clinical evidence indicates that skin can withstand normothermic ischemia of 8 to 12 hours without necrosis. A detailed review of the literature indicates that previous experimental models are few in number and limited in clinical relevance. Therefore, a continuously monitored computer-controlled electromechanical pressure applicator was designed to produce pressure sores over the greater femoral trochanter of normal and paraplegic swine. Examination of the pressure site at 1 week revealed 3 groups of lesions: 1) muscle damage only, 2) muscle and deep dermis damage, and 3) full-thickness damage extending from bone to skin. A critical pressure-duration curve for the production of pressure sores is presented for normal swine. Muscle damage occurred at high pressure-short duration (500mmHg, 4 hours), whereas skin destruction required high pressure-long duration (800mmHg, 8 hours). On analysis, muscle is more sensitive than skin to the effects of pressure, and the initial pathologic changes occur in muscle. Skin breakdown did not occur with a pressure of 200mmHg for 15 hours, thus contradicting previous statements that pressure exceeding 35mmHg for 2 hours would cause ischemia with subsequent tissue necrosis resulting in a pressure sore. We hypothesis that normal tissue is far more resistant to pressure-induced ischemia that previously considered, and that the pressure-duration threshold for the production of pressure sores is lowered dramatically following changes in the soft tissue coverage due to paraplegia, infection, or repeated trauma. PMID- 7305644 TI - Spinal cord injury from electric current: a case report. PMID- 7305645 TI - Pressure relief training device: the microcalculator. AB - The use of a commercially available timer/microcalculator as a pressure relief training device for spinal cord injury patients is discussed. The device can be programmed to emit a high frequency tone at the end of a specified time interval, and then reset itself to repeat the cycle as long as is desired. The device's low cost, high reliability, convenient size and attractiveness to patients contribute to high potential as a training device. A rationale for using such a device soon after the onset of disability, rather than after pressure sores develop, is discussed. PMID- 7305646 TI - Genital Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae in infertility and abortion. PMID- 7305647 TI - The pathogenicity of IC and L-IVP vaccinia virus strains. PMID- 7305648 TI - Incidental subcutaneous administration of high dosage smallpox vaccine in vaccinated adults. PMID- 7305649 TI - Intradermal versus subcutaneous typhoid vaccination. PMID- 7305650 TI - [Effect of phenol on virus concentration and associated bacteria in a suspension of vaccinia virus at different temperatures]. PMID- 7305651 TI - Probable Legionella pneumophila pneumonia contracted in the Far East. PMID- 7305653 TI - Renovascular hypertension: anatomic and renal function changes during drug therapy. AB - Serial renal function studies were performed on 41 patients wtih renovascular hypertension (RVH) secondary to atherosclerotic renal artery disease who had been randomly selected for nonoperative management. In 19 patients, serum creatinine levels increased between 25% and 120%. The glomerular filtration rates dropped between 25% and 50% in 12 patients. Fourteen patients (37%) lost more than 10% of renal length. In four patients (12%), a significant stenosis progressed to total occlusion. Seventeen patients (41%) had deterioration of renal function or loss of renal size that led to operation. One patient required removal of a previously reconstructible kidney. Of the 17 patients with deterioration, 15 had acceptable blood pressure (BP) control during the period of nonoperative observation. Progressive deterioration of renal function in nonoperatively treated patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and RVH is common, and occurs even in the presence of BP control with drugs. PMID- 7305654 TI - Aortorenal arterial autografts: long-term assessment. AB - Ninety-four iliac arterial autografts were placed in 86 hypertensive patients (age range, 7 to 57 years) during a 16-year period for renal artery reconstruction of nonatherosclerotic lesions. Ten patients were children, and nine patients had a solitary kidney. Ex vivo repair was used in 21 patients. There were no early postoperative deaths; one patient died three months postoperatively of unrelated disease. Two grafts occluded in the early postoperative period. Follow-up of one to 16 years (mean, 5.6 years) was available in 77 patients (93%). Forty-one patients underwent late arteriography at an average of 5.7 years postoperatively. Fifty-one patients (66%) were regarded as cured of their hypertension, the conditions of 25 patients (32%) improved, and the condition of one patient (1.2%) was unchanged. There were no late autograft occlusions. Atherosclerotic anastomotic stenosis developed in one autograft 13 years postoperatively and was relieved by reoperation. Dilation of one autograft was observed seven years postoperatively but did not increase on subsequent arteriograms. In five children, follow-up angiograms showed that the size of the autograft paralleled that of the contralateral renal artery. These results support the preferential use of an autograft during reconstruction of nonatherosclerotic lesions that cause renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7305655 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis and hemorrhage. AB - Thrombocytopenia (platelet count, 5,000 to 96,000/cu mm; average platelet count, 48,000/cu mm) developed in 31 patients while they were receiving prophylactic or therapeutic heparin sodium therapy. Twenty-one of these patients had associated thromboembolic complications that contributed to the deaths of eight patients. Twelve arterial thromboembolectomies were required for limb preservation in eight patients, with seven arterial thrombolectomies, early in the series, failing because heparin therapy was continued in the postoperative period. Coagulation tests failed to identify a consumptive coagulopathy as the cause of the thrombocytopenia. Cessation of heparin administration was associated with avoidance or remission of the thromboembolic complication and immediate improvement of the thrombocytopenia. Platelet count monitoring during heparin therapy remains the most effective means for the identification of this disorder before the development of the thromboembolic complications. PMID- 7305656 TI - Reduction of myocardial wall tension during cold pressor stress after myocardial revascularization. AB - The effects of myocardial revascularization on cardiac function remain controversial despite clinical improvement. A study was designed to determine the effects of revascularization on the myocardial response to stress. Stress was induced using the cold pressor (CP) test in which th patient places his arm in ice water for one minute. All patients were tested before and one week and six months after surgery. Ejection fraction and cardiac index were determined with a noninvasive nuclear technique. Fifteen patients were studied (five patients received propranolol hydrochloride therapy after surgery, and ten patients did not receive this therapy). Cuff systolic blood pressure (BP) was obtained simultaneously with the nuclear study. The double product (heart rate x systolic BP) was calculated and used as an index of stress induced by the CP test. The results indicate that, during stress, myocardial wall tension is significantly reduced after adequate revascularization (565 dynes/cm from a preoperative value of 458 dynes/cm [P less than .001].) Patients achieved a higher cardiac index (3.58 L/min/sq m as compared with a preoperative value of 2.51 L/min/sq m) and double product (13,600 as compared with a preoperative value of 11,900) while, at the same time, tension was reduced. This suggest that increasing coronary blood flow through bypass surgery reduces myocardial wall tension during stress. This may be the reason myocardial revascularization achieves a lower incidence in late myocardial infarction when compared with medical therapy. PMID- 7305652 TI - Then and now: 1941-81. PMID- 7305657 TI - Intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist devices or partial artificial hearts: A five-year clinical experience. AB - An intracorporeal (abdominal) left ventricular assist device (ALVAD) or partial artificial heart was designed, developed, extensively tested in vitro and in vivo, and subsequently approved for controlled clinical trials in institutions. The ALVAD is pneumatically actuated, synchronously or asynchronously, with an external console and is interposed between the apex of the left ventricle and infrarenal abdominal aorta. The implantation techniques are straightforward and replicable. The ALVAD was used in weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass to support the circulation in cardiogenic shock after infarction and as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. It was found that the profoundly depressed human left (and right) ventricles initially incapable of ejection can recover if totally supported with this device. This experience strongly suggests that ALVADs should be used early in instances of intra-aortic balloon pump inadequacy. PMID- 7305658 TI - Greenfield vena caval filter experience: late results in 156 patients. AB - In a review of clinical experience with the Greenfield filter in 156 patients, the most common indication for insertion was a contraindication to anticoagulation or recurrent embolism during treatment. Most of the filters (86%) were placed infrarenal, with 7% placed intentionally suprarenal and 7% misplaced but amenable to retrieval. Recurrent embolism was suspected in three patients (2%) on the basis of symptoms and was diagnosed by scan in three patients (2%). Follow-up studies on 119 local patients (11 were lost, 49 died) extended to 63 months (average, 23 months) and showed no migration or deaths due to recurrent embolism. Of 102 venacavograms obtained, occlusion of the cava was seen in only three patients (5%), for a long-term patency rate of 95%. PMID- 7305659 TI - Alternatives in the management of atherosclerotic occlusive disease of aortic arch branches. AB - The cases of 62 patients with atherosclerotic occlusive disease at the origin of the aortic arch branches were reviewed. Thirty-six were initially without neurologic symptoms and in four (11%) intermittent neurologic symptoms without stroke developed during an average follow-up of 27 months. No patient had limb threatening ischemia. Twenty-six operations were performed for neurologic symptoms or disabling limb ischemia, with one death. Five-year graft patency by life-table analysis was 81%. Preoperative or late postoperative stroke in three patients with occluded common carotid artery suggests this to be a more dangerous subgroup. We advise surgery for patients with disabling arm symptoms or with ischemic neurologic symptoms associated with multiple-vessel disease or with major lesions in the innominate-carotid circulation. We advocate selective revascularization with priority given to the innominate-carotid flow, isolated subclavian lesions first seen as a single lesion or as the only residual lesion after reconstruction for multiple-vessel disease can be safely left unreconstructed. PMID- 7305661 TI - Fasciotomy: an appraisal of controversial issues. AB - Fourty-eight fasciotomies performed for conventional indications were analyzed, focusing primarily on the reliability of clinical diagnosis and the effectiveness of the operative technique. Decompression was accomplished immediately after hospital admission or arterial repair in 27 patients and deferred until the appearance of signs and symptoms in 21 others. Myoneural degeneration occurred in the delayed group only as a result of massive trauma or when obvious signs of compartment syndrome were ignored. A high index of suspicion and careful attention to clinical findings were reliable for establishing the diagnosis and indicating the timing of myofascial decompression. Tissue-pressure measurements were not used. The technique of four-compartment fasciotomy through a single lateral incision without fibulectomy was used in 21 limbs and compared with 18 four-compartment fasciotomies utilizing conventional methods. This procedure is rapid, simple, effective, and atraumatic and provides excellent exposure for direct visualization and selective decompression of all compartments and their individual muscles. PMID- 7305663 TI - Can relaxing rectus sheath incision predispose to recurrent direct inguinal hernia. PMID- 7305662 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm and coronary artery disease. AB - To delineate the role of routine preoperative coronary angiography in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm resection, we reviewed the records of 422 such patients at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. One hundred seventy three patients (41%) had a history of either myocardial infarction or angina pectoris; 146 (35%) had a previous myocardial infarction; 111 (26%) had a history of stable angina. Six patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting prior to aneurysmorrhaphy. Ten patients (2.4%) died within the first 30 postoperative days. Seven deaths (1.7%) were secondary to myocardial infarction. Mortality from myocardial infarction was 0.8% in patients who had no history of coronary artery disease and 2.9% in patients with a history. Mortality was not increased in elderly patients. Coronary angiography should be selectively obtained prior to elective aneurysmorrhaphy. A 0.8% mortality from myocardial infarction in patients without a history of coronary artery disease and an overall mortality of 1.7% do not justify routine coronary angiography prior to elective resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7305660 TI - Late objective assessment of venous value surgery. AB - To evaluate the contribution of an isolated femoral venous value to venous hemodynamics, ten patients (12 limbs) who had undergone femoral valve transposition without saphenous vein stripping or ligation of perforators were followed up for 12 to 18 months after surgery. Ascending and descending venography were performed to document anatomic patency. Dynamic venous pressures and venous refilling times were recorded to evaluate muscle pump function and cutaneous congestion, respectively. Signs of venous hypertension and the need for elastic support were noted. No patient attained normal venous pressure at any time after surgery. Normalization of venous refilling time was transient: nine of 12 limbs had reverted to preoperative abnormal levels at 12 to 18 months and all required elastic support. Femoral value reconstruction performed alone for venous stasis is not sufficient. In postthrombotic venous ulcer, incompetent calf perforators remain a central problem. PMID- 7305664 TI - [The contribution of betaine and glutamic acid to nitrogen digestion and balance during feeding of vinasse to growing pigs]. AB - A conventional balance trial was conducted with growing pigs to study to what extent betaine and glutamic acid contained in vinasse (condensed molasses solubles) contribute to N digestion and balance. Five pigs each were given either a basal diet (95% ground barley + 5% cellulose) or a mixed ration of 77% basal diet plus 23% vinasse, based on dry matter (DM). The vinasse contained, per kg DM, 29.6 g N, 27.7 g NPN, 22.5 g betaine, 32.9 g "free" total L-glutamic acid, of which 96% was pyrrolidone carboxylic acid plus glutamine. For these N fractions of the vinasse, mean apparent digestibilities were 44.7, 63.8, 99.8 and 97.6%, respectively. Accordingly, betaine and total glutamic acid contributed 20 and 23%, respectively, of the apparently digestible total N of the vinasse. The pigs given vinasse excreted, per day, 257 mg more betaine and 364 mg more trimethylamine-N-oxide with their urine than the group given the basal diet. The contribution of betaine N of the vinasse to the N balance of the pigs on the mixed ration amounted to 11%. PMID- 7305666 TI - Biochemistry and pathobiochemistry of magnesium. AB - The kinetic and thermodynamic effects of Mg2+ on enzyme reactions and the effects of Mg2+ on nucleic acids and phospholipids are reviewed. Since the action of Mg2+ is depending on the Mg2+ concentration, the distribution, and the metabolism of Mg2+ in the extracellular, and the various intracellular compartments are discussed. The main result is that the intracellular Mg2+ is buffered at a level of pMg 3. In experimental Mg deficiency, cell permeability increases, as a consequence of which intracellular Na+, Ca2+ and secondarily, cAMP become elevated, whereas intracellular K+ decreases. Catecholamines are released to a higher extent, an effect that is potentiated by stress. The metabolic consequences of Mg deficiency are caused by the altered intracellular electrolyte, especially the Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 7305665 TI - [The reference values of the hemoglobin content, the hematocrit and the mean concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin of calves reared without iron substitution. 1. Dependence on the rearing period]. AB - A total of 1.088 blood samples (1 to 6 per animal) were taken from 491 rearing calves in the colostral period, the milk feeding period and the weaning period (at the age of 4, 22, 51, 79, 105, 122 and 145 days); the hemoglobin content (Hb), the hematocrit (Hc) resp. the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined resp. calculated. Hb, Hc and MCHC were drawn in diagrams in dependence on the rearing period as arithmetic means with standard deviations, as quartiles and as frequency distributions on an interval scale. During the rearing periods with milk feeding the anaemic frequency was considerable. Anaemia resp. hypochromia frequency had an inverse relation to the developing increase of concentrated feed and roughage consumption and thus makes it probable that the cause of anaemia is the intake and/or absorption of iron insufficient for the weight gain performance achieved. The consumption of solid feed by the hematologically examined calves developed more quickly than in other GDR rearing farms due to the early ad libitum supply with this feed component and the composition of fluid feed with milk. Reference is made that the frequency of hypoferric anaemia can also be considerable during the milk feeding period in the intensive rearing of lambs and kids if an effective iron intervention is not made. PMID- 7305667 TI - Stress and magnesium. AB - The General Adaptation Syndrome is characterized by three stages: Alarm Reaction Adaptation - Exhaustion. Results of animal experiments and clinical observations indicate that both central nervous and peripheral systemic reactions to acute stress - e.g. noise - can be accentuated by magnesium deficiency and reduced by mild hypermagnesemia, respectively. Concerning long term suboptimal magnesium supply, experimental data indicate that a stage of adaptation might be achieved during a certain period of time, preceded and followed by stages of markedly decreased resistance.U PMID- 7305668 TI - Epidemiological studies on the relationship between magnesium intake and cardiovascular diseases. AB - Data are reviewed which suggest that dietary intake of magnesium may be lower than needed in the industrialized nations in the world. This low dietary intake of Mg appears to be related to the high incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in these nations. Dietary supplementation of individuals in these industrialized nations with Mg is recommended to prevent risk of IHD and other cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 7305669 TI - Myocardial magnesium and ischaemic heart disease. AB - A study of myocardial Mg, based on 1236 samples obtained at post-mortem examinations, is reported. There was a lower Mg level in samples from subjects certified to have died from IHD causes, by about 13%, than in samples from other deaths. There were lower levels, by about 5% where death had been lingering, compared to sudden, and there was a large range, equivalent to +/- 12%, in the mean Mg levels in samples from different areas. Various possible sources of bias are briefly considered. PMID- 7305670 TI - Interaction of noise-induced stress and Mg decrease. AB - A feedback mechanism between noise stress and Mg decrease is postulated. The two sides of the interaction between noise stress as a model of general stress and cellular Mg decrease with possible Ca increase are demonstrated in laboratory and field studies with rats and human test persons. PMID- 7305671 TI - Hypomagnesemia and vasoconstriction: possible relationship to etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease and hypertensive vascular diseases. AB - In-vitro experiments are presented which indicate that the concentration of extracellular magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o) can exert profound influences on the contractility and reactivity of arteries, arterioles and veins from a number of regional vasculatures in several mammalian species, including man. Hypomagnesemia can potentiate the contractile activity of a variety of neurohumoral substances and induce vasospasm. Hypermagnesemia can do the reverse, i.e., induce hyporeactivity, relaxation and vasodilatation. Data are also presented to indicate that [Mg2+]o can control the entry, distribution and exit of calcium ions (Ca2+) from vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterial and venous smooth muscles excised from rats with alloxan-diabetes mellitus or spontaneous hypertension (SHR) appear to exhibit vascular membranes which have modifications in their Mg Ca exchange sites. Data are reviewed which suggest that certain vascular diseases (e.g., sudden-death ischemic heart disease, hypertension, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus) are associated with a Mg-deficiency. Overall, it is suggested that [Mg2+]o and membrane [Mg] may play critical roles in regulating vascular tone and homeostasis. PMID- 7305672 TI - Magnesium and membrane function in vascular smooth muscle. AB - Since a tight electromechanical coupling exists in vascular smooth muscle, even small shifts of the membrane potential are sufficient to change the vascular lumen. The extracellular H+ and K+ concentrations are important effectors for the adjustment of the membrane potential. The ion concentrations in the immediate neighbourhood of the cell membrane can be influenced by the microdynamic binding properties of the basement membrane and the other vascular connective tissue. These structures are polyanionic macromolecules to which mono- and divalent cations are extensively bound, and which are separated from the vascular smooth muscle cell membranes by tiny cleft spaces. The ion binding properties of vascular connective tissue were therefore studied in dependence on proton and cation concentration. The pH-dependent binding of monovalent cations to vascular connective tissue is dependent on the concentration and affinity constant of the ion species in question. The mode of interaction is competition. For instance, the actual K binding characteristic means that an increase of [K+]o close to the cell membrane cold ensue from a diminished K+ binding ability under alkalosis. Depolarization and contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells result. Divalent cation binding to vascular connective tissue it additionally dependent on conformational changes. Already physiological concentrations of Mg++ ions can induce a specific change in configuration, which enables K+ ions to bind cooperatively. This means that with extracellular Mg++ deficiency not only less Mg++ ions are bound to vascular connective tissue but also less K+ ions. [K+]o would increase near the cell membrane, depolarization and vasoconstriction would occur. PMID- 7305673 TI - [Role of the immunoglobulin coat in the process of microorganism phagocytosis]. AB - Comparative electron microscopic examinations of staphylococcus aureus under different conditions (in a pulmonary abscess of a patient, in a short-time contact with serum and blood cells of a donor, and experimental infection of white mice) revealed dissimilar possibilities of formation of an immunoglobulin coat on the surface of bacterial cell wall. Upon a short-time contact of S. aureus with human blood serum in vitro an immunoglobulin coating appeared on the bacterial cell wall. In control experiments with staphylococci killed with glutaraldehyde and treated with methycilline the possibility of formation of microcapsule by staphylococci was excluded. No immunoglobulin coating was detected in a protracted suppurative process. In the pulmonary abscess, different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were found. PMID- 7305674 TI - [Glycocalyx changes in the pneumocytes in liver cirrhosis]. AB - Glycocalyx was detected in pulmonary cells using colloid iron in experimental cirrhosis of the liver. In the intact animals the polysaccharide layer of even thickness was shown to be connected with the free surface of plasmolemma of type I and II pneumocytes. In cirrhosis of the liver pneumocytes undergo dystrophic changes and glycocalyx becomes thin, fragmented and absent in some areas. A macrophagal reaction directed at the elimination of the products of metabolism of pneumocytes with changed glycocalyx was detected. PMID- 7305675 TI - [Luminescence analysis of the peripheral blood in certain types of allergy]. AB - Fluorescent spectral analysis of acridine-orange-stained fixed blood smears from patients taken in the period of allergic reaction revealed the presence in the blood of free granules presumably containing the major proteins given fluorescence in the green part of the spectrum. The number of these granules increases in the first phase of the allergic reaction and declines as the patient recovers. PMID- 7305676 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in the heart and its vessels in adrenal pheochromocytoma]. AB - The heart and its vessels were studied in 7 patients with clinically unrecognized adrenal pheochromocytoma dying suddenly at the age of 37--56 years under stress situations with acute cardiovascular insufficiency the morphological manifestations of which in 4 cases (with coronary atherosclerosis) consisted in a fresh coronarogenic myocardial infarction and beyond its zone "myocardial lesions", and in 3 numerous "myocardial lesions" localized in the area of the microcirculatory channel with marked pathological changes of the vessels in the latter. Lesions of the microcirculatory channel are systemic, partially irreversible, prevalent in arterioles and capillaries, and play the leading role in "myocardial lesions". Fresh cardio-vascular complications developed due to pheochromocytogenic hypertension crisis and extreme hypercatecholaminemia in the end of the disease because of the stress reaction. PMID- 7305678 TI - [Inversion of the ventricles and major vessels]. AB - The authors carried out a detailed anatomic examination of hearts from 17 fatal cases in which the diagnosis of corrected transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery had been made by the clinical data. Corrected transposition was found in 13 preparations and rare complicated heart defects in the other 4. The paper describes at length the anatomy of the ventricles, great vessels and coronary arteries of the heart in corrected transposition as well as the anatomy of the accompanying defects. The analysis of the observations shows the defect of the interventricular septum, insufficiency of the arterial atrioventricular valve, and pulmonary artery stenosis to be the most frequent accompanying heart defects in corrected transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Not infrequently, several accompanying defects were combined in one heart. The authors confirm the conclusion of other investigators concerning the necessity of segmentary approach to the study of the heart structure in conotruncus abnormalities. PMID- 7305679 TI - [Introduction of objective quality control over student knowledge in an exam on pathological anatomy]. AB - The paper presents the results of the analysis of using programmed control at examinations in pathological anatomy for 3 years. The examinations are in both written and oral form, the programmed control is represented by tests of the second level of learning with the total number of 80 significant operations of action. The results indicate that the programmed control is a reliable tool for unification of teaching of the subject, allows a more detailed check of the knowledge at a greater number of elements of learning, that is, makes the quantitative assessment of the knowledge more objective and increases its reliability. At the same time, students get accustomed to tests of the programmed control and therefore the authors suggest that examination tests be regularly renewed and changed. PMID- 7305680 TI - [Case of Loffler's parietal fibroplastic endocarditis]. PMID- 7305681 TI - [Malignant gemmahemangioma (gemmangioma) of the breast]. AB - One observation of a gemmahemangioma (gemmaangioma) in a woman of 45 is presented. The tumour of a rounded shape, 0.8 cm in diameter, elastic consistency, lobular on the section, was located in the subcutaneous fatty tissue of the left mammary gland. The histological structure of the tumour corresponded to gemmahemangioma consisting of vascular kidneys with polymorphism and hyperchromatosis of the nuclei of the cellular elements forming them, with marked mitotic activity. The tumour is considered to be malignant, in the early stage of its development, without definite signs of infiltrating growth. PMID- 7305677 TI - [Intracardiac volumetric parameters in chronic cardiovascular insufficiency based on autopsy data]. AB - The available methods of direct measurement of volumes of cardiac ventricle cavities cannot be always applied in pathological practice and do not allow the assessment of the residual volumes of ventricles, the amount of the outflowing and inflowing blood. This paper presents a method for the determination of the volume of the blood inflow and outflow as well as the reserve volume of the heart ventricles on the basis of measurements of inflowing and outflowing tracts and perimeters of the valve orifices of the heart ventricles. On the material of 50 autopsy observations (of them 13 controls), changes in the above parameters in hypertension, sudden coronary death and pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency have been demonstrated. In all these kinds of pathology a decrease in the reserve volume (P less than 0.05) and an increase in the outflow volume are observed. Strong correlation associations have been found between the volumetric values in each kind of pathology. The proposed volumetric indices may be used for the assessment of the degree of loading on the ventricular myocardium and of the reserve of hemodynamics compensation. PMID- 7305682 TI - [Giant spreading villous tumors of the colon and rectum]. AB - Two rare observations in which villous tumors affected the mucous membranes of the rectum and transverse colon are described. In one case the lesions extended for 60 cm, in the other the neoplasm occupied the entire inner surface of the rectum and colon as well as the adjacent area of the ileum, whereas in the area of the liver and spleen bends there were areas of adenocarcinoma. Both observations were characterized by marked inflammatory infiltration in some parts of the villous tumor. PMID- 7305684 TI - [Age norms of the volumetric indices of the heart chambers]. AB - The age volumetric norms of heart chambers were determined by the method developed by the authors. The dependence between the degree of myocardial hypertrophy and the increase of the volume taken by intraventricular trabecular apparatus as well as the dependence of systolic and diastolic regression coefficients in calculation of heart chamber volumes from the intravital angiocardiogram upon the absolute volume occupied by the intraventricular trabecular apparatus were detected. PMID- 7305683 TI - [Relapsing parasitic embolism of the pulmonary artery in hepatic echinococcosis]. AB - A case of multiple echinococcosis of the liver in a woman of 52 complicated by perforation of the parasite cyst into the right hepatic vein, repeated parasitic embolism of the pulmonary artery and anaphylactic shock is presented. A set of changes in the lungs in this process is described: giant-cell arteritis and thromboarteritis, hemorrhagic infarctions, giant-cell reaction in the reticular definite tissue as well as sarcoid reaction in bronchopulmonary and tracheo bronchial lymph nodes. PMID- 7305685 TI - Establishing a therapeutic pheresis program. PMID- 7305686 TI - Axial changes of blood and plasma flow, pressure, and cellular deposition in capillary plasma filters. AB - The ability to separate plasma on-line from whole blood by membranes has generated interest in applying this process to source plasma collection and to the therapeutic treatment of various disease states. The availability of capillary membrane devices in particular has prompted investigations in these areas. The deposition of blood cellular elements has required the investigation of those parameters related to fluid and mass flux. Analytical solutions relating blood flow rate, filtration rate, and pressure and deposition with respect to axial distance have been obtained. Comparison of these solutions with preliminary experimental results have been made. Results indicate that the deposition parameter versus distance from the inlet is a very sensitive function of capillary membrane properties and operating conditions. Plasma fluxes are also highly dependent on blood, membrane, and filter properties and operating conditions. PMID- 7305687 TI - Reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor function and plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a preliminary report. AB - Reticuloendothelial System (RES) Fc receptor-mediated immune clearance and levels of immune complexes were measured in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing plasmapheresis. RES clearance defects improved and disease manifestations and levels of circulating immune complexes decreased after plasmapheresis. Patients with initially abnormal reticuloendothelial system function, elevated levels of circulating immune complexes, and active acute illness appeared to respond to plasmapheresis. One patient with normal immune clearance, lacking measureable immune complexes, and manifesting chronic disease remained unchanged. Improvements seen following plasmapheresis were best maintained in patients receiving parenteral cyclophosphamide in the post-pheresis period. The correlation of clinical response, improved RES function, and decreased levels of immune complexes suggests the interaction of the latter two parameters in disease pathogenesis. Plasmapheresis has an important role as a research tool, and may be of clinical usefulness in a small number of patients with serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 7305689 TI - How to catch urea? Considerations on urea removal from hemofiltrate. AB - Hemofiltration imitates the first step in the natural function of the kidney. After separation from corpuscular and high molecular weight blood components, a filtrate remains which contains urea together with electrolytes and other low molecular weight metabolites. To use a hemofilter in a recirculating closed-loop system, a big quantity of urea must be eliminated. A survey of published attempts to solve this problem is presented. Reasons are given for the difficulty to eliminate urea directly from dilute aqueous solutions. Explanations for ambiguous results of some reactions proposed for urea removal are discussed. The concept of hard and soft acids and bases is used to develop demands to the structure of a reagent which reacts preferentially with urea in aqueous solution. On monomeric model substances-activated aldehydes-this hypothesis is proven in vitro. In spite of the given technical possibility of urea removal, the authors doubt whether solving the problem of urea removal will enable a closed-loop system for alternative simpler or more economic ways of treating renal failure. PMID- 7305690 TI - Effect of moisture on and kinetic features of the ultrafiltration rate of dialysis membrane. AB - The kinetic features of ultrafiltration of cellulose dialysis membrane stored under various humidity and temperature conditions were studied to obtain basic information of shelf-life characteristics of dialyzers. The ultrafiltration rate (UFR) decreased with time and the UFR-time curve suggested that the UFR would approach a certain equilibrium value. This phenomenon could be simulated well by the following equation: UFR = a.b.t/(1 + a.t) + c, where a, b, and c are constants and t is time. The effect of moisture adsorption onto the membrane on the UFR is discussed. A hypothesis is that in the amorphous region of cellulose, adsorbed water molecules would serve as molecular crosslinks through hydrogen bonding, and as this would reduce size of fine pores in the amorphous region, the UFR decreases. PMID- 7305688 TI - Residual formaldehyde in dialyzers: quantity, location, and the effect of different methods of rinsing. AB - When formalin-sterilized dialyzers were rinsed by our standard technique (similar to that used in many other dialysis centres) undesirable concentrations of formaldehyde were found in the dialyzers at the start of dialysis. When the technique was modified by passing part of the saline through the blood compartment immediately before connection and discarding the saline left in the dialyzer at the time of connection, the concentration of formaldehyde infused into the patient fell below 2 micrograms/ml. However, the dialyzers still contained up to 13 mg of formaldehyde which leached slowly from the dialyzer during simulated dialysis. Some residual formaldehyde was found in several components of the dialyzer but the great majority was contained in the cellulose membrane. PMID- 7305691 TI - Performance of a new type of blood oxygenator. AB - A new type of direct-contact oxygenator has been tested satisfactorily on dogs in nine experiments. It is based on the principle of the "packed column" and has the advantage of a small hold-up (meaning a small priming volume), no formation of foam, and gentle flowing of the blood. The apparatus is simple enough to be commercially available at a low price and discarded after use. Both PO2 increase and PCO2 decrease were satisfactory and plasma hemoglobin values remained low after 75 minutes of perfusion. Preliminary in vitro experiments on ox and human blood showed a low degree of blood damage. PMID- 7305692 TI - Current status of therapeutic apheresis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Evidence developed over the years has suggested that lymphocyte depletion and removal of plasma factors can ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis. In our studies of 40 patients, a subset of patients that respond best to 20 therapeutic lymphoplasmapheresis over 11 weeks has emerged. These are functional Class III patients with seropositive, erosive progressive disease who have little deformity. They must be on long-acting agents or cytotoxic drugs during pheresis to prevent antibody rebound. Other studies have since confirmed our work. The major side effects of pheresis are elucidated. Technologic developments will enable selective pheresis procedures to be in widespread use within a few years. PMID- 7305693 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. AB - Though anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) has been widely reported, it is not fully appreciated as one of the commonest causes of impaired vision in persons past middle age. These patients are not infrequently suspected of having an intracranial tumor. This article reviews the clinical features of AION and discusses its pathogenesis and treatment. PMID- 7305694 TI - Cerebral asymmetry in developmental dyslexia. AB - The computed cranial tomograms (CCTs) of 26 dextral boys with developmental dyslexia were examined for asymmetry of width and length in the frontal and occipital regions. Contrary to several previous reports, reading disability was not associated with an increase in the frequency of reversed occipital widths. There were, however, proportionately more symmetric occipital widths than expected in comparison with a control sample and previously established norms. Differences in verbal or performance IQs were not related to relative cerebral size. Language delay was also not associated with brain measurements. The CCT may be increasing in use as a tool in the investigation of children with developmental dyslexia. We conclude that CCT is not warranted unless an underlying disorder associated with significant neurologic signs is discovered by examination. PMID- 7305695 TI - Medial frontal cortex infarction and the alien hand sign. AB - Two right-handed patients with infarction involving the left medial frontal cortex are described. Both patients exhibited a form of transcortical motor aphasia and a psychomotor disturbance involving the right arm characterized by forced grasping, motor perseveration, and the presence of apparently purposeful movements that appeared to be dissociated from conscious volition. The latter feature is noted to be identical to the alien hand sign as described in the left arm of commissurotomized patients and patients with callosal neoplasm or infarction. It is suggested that the observed dissociation of conscious intention from purposeful movement may be related to dysfunction of the medial frontal cortex contralateral to the impaired extremity as much as to hemispheric disconnection. PMID- 7305696 TI - Multiple sclerosis. Luminance threshold and measurements of temporal characteristics of vision. AB - Luminance threshold, perceptual latency, double-flash resolution, and critical flicker frequency were examined in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in normal control subjects. The intensities of the stimuli used to test the temporal properties of vision were equalized with respect to individual luminance thresholds. In eight patients with MS, all the properties tested showed abnormality, double-flash resolution being most commonly affected. Retinal sites were not however, uniformly abnormal according to these measures. We conclude that abnormal temporal properties of vision in patients with MS are not a simple functional consequence of altered luminance thresholds. PMID- 7305697 TI - Generalized, bilaterally synchronous bursts of slow waves in the EEG. AB - Forty-two patients who had bursts of spontaneous, bilaterally synchronous slow waves during the waking state in an otherwise normal EEG were compared with 42 age-matched control subjects with normal EEGs. The study group had a significantly higher incidence of diffuse encephalopathy than did the control group. They also had a higher incidence of alterations of consciousness. None of the patients in the study group had focal, deep midline lesions. This study indicates that generalized, bilaterally synchronous slow bursts in the EEG are significant abnormalities that in the majority of cases are associated with a mild to moderate diffuse encephalopathy rather than with a lesion limited to deep midline structures. PMID- 7305698 TI - EEG operant conditioning in intractable epileptics. AB - Eight epileptic patients with mixed seizures refractory to medical control participated in a double-blind crossover study to determine the effectiveness of operant conditioning of the EEG as an anticonvulsant procedure. Baseline levels of seizures were recorded for four months prior to the beginning of treatment. Participants then received false (noncontingent) feedback for two months followed by an ABA-patterned training program lasting a total of ten months. Subjects were assigned to three treatment groups based on different schedules of EEG feedback. They were first trained (A1 phase) either to suppress slow activity (3 to 8 Hz), to enhance 12- to 15-Hz activity, or to simultaneously suppress 3- to 8-Hz and enhance 11- to 19-Hz activity. This was followed by a B phase, in which patients were trained to enhance slow activity (3 to 8 Hz). In the final phase (A2), the initial training contingencies were reinstated. Neuropsychological tests were performed before and after training, and changes in EEG activity as determined by Fast Fourier spectral analyses were analyzed. Five of eight patients experienced a decrease in their mean monthly seizure rate at the completion of feedback training as compared with their initial baseline level. PMID- 7305699 TI - Cluster headache variant. Spectrum of a new headache syndrome. AB - The syndrome of cluster headache variant is characterized by the occurrence of three combined symptoms: atypical cluster headaches, multiple jabs, and background vascular headaches. Atypical cluster headaches are localized headaches that occur several times daily, usually without any headache-free periods. They differ from the typical chronic cluster headache in their location, duration, frequent shifting, and frequency. Multiple jabs are short-lasting, sharp pains of variable severity and location. Background vascular headache is a chronic, continuous often unilateral headache of variable severity that throbs at rest or begins to throb during exertion. We have studied 54 patients between the ages of 14 and 78 years (average age, 40.5 years). Forty-five (83%) patients responded to indomethacin. Complete control was achieved in 50% of the patients. The nine patients who did not respond to indomethacin were depressed. These nine patients responded well to tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 7305701 TI - Bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Clinical significance. AB - Clinical data on 18 patients whose EEGs showed bilateral independent periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (BIPLEDs) were reviewed and compared with those of 45 patients with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs). A recent stroke was the most frequent cause of PLEDs (33%), while anoxic encephalopathy (28%) and CNS infection (28%) accounted for the majority of BIPLEDs. Focal neurologic deficits, focal seizures, and focal computed tomographic scan abnormalities were frequent in those with PLEDs, while coma predominated in the group with BIPLEDs (72% vs 24%). Mortality was also higher in patients with BIPLEDs--61% vs 29%. PMID- 7305702 TI - Dysmaturation in infants of mothers with myotonic dystrophy. AB - We examined the pathologic findings in four infants of mothers with myotonic dystrophy. Four of the anomalies present in these infants (nesidioblastosis, renal blastema, cryptorchidism, and patent ductus arteriosus) represent persistence of fetal organ structures or configurations. We suggest that a maturational defect may be present not only in muscle, but also in other tissues. PMID- 7305703 TI - Prolonged course of meningitis due to an arachnoid cyst. AB - An infected arachnoid cyst was found in a child with bacterial meningitis and prolonged fever. Surgical drainage of the cyst resulted in rapid improvement. PMID- 7305700 TI - Benign coital cephalalgia. Differential diagnosis and treatment. AB - Benign coital cephalalgia is an acute headache that is time related to sexual intercourse. It is often confused with more serious conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm. We describe eight patients with benign coital cephalalgia who were successfully treated with propranolol hydrochloride. We suggest that these patients have a variant of migraine. PMID- 7305704 TI - Hyperpathia and sensory level due to parietal lobe arteriovenous malformation. AB - A 30-year-old man experienced the sudden onset of prickly dysesthesia in the perineum followed by a "heavy" sensation in the left lower extremity. There was no headache. He had a hyperpathic response to pinprick and temperature testing below the T-6 dermatome on the left and a decrease of light touch below T-10, also on the left. A small ruptured arteriovenous malformation was found in the right parietal lobe, medially, well above the thalamus, and in the region of the postcentral gyrus. The case provides rare and precise clinicoanatomic correlation of the discrete somatotopic organization of the sensory cortex. Furthermore, it indicates that sensory disturbances, characterized by a segmental level of abnormal sensation suggestive of a spinal cord or medullary lesion and by hyperpathia suggestive of a spinal, medullary, or thalamic localization, can be caused by a suprathalamic parietal deficit. PMID- 7305705 TI - Neurological complications of ethylene glycol intoxication. Report of a case. AB - A 29-year-old man suffered bilateral facial nerve paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, ataxia, visual deterioration, and internal ophthalmoplegia after ethylene glycol ingestion. PMID- 7305706 TI - Computed tomography in Wilson's disease. AB - In a case of Wilson's disease with flapping tremor, computed tomography demonstrated bilateral low-density areas in the thalamocapsular regions. Computed tomographic findings in Wilson's disease are discussed. PMID- 7305707 TI - Late onset of Wilson's disease. Report of a family. AB - Five cases of Wilson's disease were diagnosed in a family of eight siblings. All of them had Kayser-Fleischer rings. The first neurologic symptoms appeared in one person at age 46 years; in another, psychotic symptoms appeared at age 38 years; and in one patient, jaundice was noted at age 40 years. Two other persons, aged 53 and 43 years, were still without hepatic, neurologic, or psychiatric symptoms of the disease at the time of writing. The family described is very atypical with regard to the age at onset of Wilson's disease. PMID- 7305708 TI - A case of sporadic juvenile Parkinson's disease. AB - Juvenile Parkinson's disease is rare. Virtually all reported cases are either associated with a family history or additional neurologic findings. We report a sporadic case of classic Parkinson's disease, without other abnormal neurologic signs and age at onset of 15 years. PMID- 7305709 TI - Are most iris "melanomas' really nevi? A clinicopathologic study of 189 lesions. AB - A retrospective clinicopathologic study of 189 iris and iris and ciliary body lesions originally diagnosed as melanomas led to a nine-part histopathologic classification. Eighty-seven percent of lesions were reassigned to six benign categories and 13% were assigned to three malignant ones (spindle-B and epithelioid cell melanomas). There were no tumor deaths. The benign lesions were so classified if the constituent cells displayed bland cytologic characteristics, even though they might have produced a surface plaque or growth onto the trabecular meshwork and peripheral cornea. No clinical features were found to distinguish the benign from malignant tumors, including diffuse spread and the presence of glaucoma. The six recurrent tumors were equally divided between benign and malignant lesions. Thirty-six of 42 patients with incompletely excised lesions did not show further clinical problems on follow-up, establishing the inherently benign nature of most of the tumors. PMID- 7305710 TI - Uveal melanoma in children and adolescents. AB - Five-year survival data were available in 78 cases originally classified as uveal melanomas in patients less than 20 years old. Forty-two were malignant melanomas arising from the choroid and/or ciliary body; 13 patients from this group died of metastatic disease. Factors that significantly correlated with fatality were a red, painful eye, extraocular extension at enucleation, basal tumor diameter greater than 10 mm, increased mitotic activity, and tumor necrosis. There were 36 iridic tumors; nine were reclassified as nevi. Of the 27 patients with iridic melanomas, only four died of metastases. The predominant factors relating to fatal outcome were glaucoma, extension of tumor into the ciliary body, diffuse growth, deep angle invasion, scleral invasion by tumor cells, and increased mitotic activity. Except for their relative rarity, uveal melanomas in children and adolescents did not differ significantly from their counter-parts in adults. PMID- 7305711 TI - Visual prognosis in patients with ruptures in Descemet's membrane due to forceps injuries. AB - Seven patients with Descemet's membrane ruptures associated with a forceps injury to the eye at birth were studied. A complete ophthalmological examination was done on each patient, and two patients had ultrasound measurements of the axial lengths of both eyes. We found that the ruptures in Descemet's membrane were single or multiple vertically oriented breaks associated with high astigmatism along the axis of the breaks and deep amblyopia in all patients. The astigmatic errors were corneal in origin. High myopia was also present in the involved eye and was thought to be axial in all patients. Two patients did have elongated axial lengths demonstrated by ultrasonography. The presence of axial myopia and deep amblyopia may relate to partial occlusion of the involved eye during the early postnatal months. The latter possibility is discussed in light of recent reports of myopia induced by early postnatal occlusion in animals. PMID- 7305712 TI - Pathologic findings in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. PMID- 7305713 TI - Localized benign lymphoid tumor of the iris. PMID- 7305714 TI - Mucoepidermoid tumor of the lacrimal sac. AB - A 58-year-old man had a mucoepidermoid tumor of the lacrimal apparatus. Histologically the tumor exhibited clumps and nests of neoplastic cells that showed an admixture of squamous and mucussecreting cells. Histochemical stains for glycoproteins were useful in arriving at the correct diagnosis. Biologically the tumor seemed to be locally aggressive but not metastatic and should be differentiated histologically from the conventional squamous cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and adenoacanthomas. Large advanced lesions may be managed only by radical surgery, and the margins should be carefully studied for residual tumor. Frequent follow-up is recommended to detect early recurrence. PMID- 7305715 TI - Endothelial damage after anterior radial keratotomy. An electron microscopic study of rabbit cornea. AB - Anterior radial keratotomy was performed on the left eyes of 21 rabbits. Specimens were taken for electron microscopic examination at intervals during a three-month period. The corneas were acutely inflamed for three days after surgery. Some endothelial cells beneath the incisions were damaged, and distended intercellular spaces were seen. Deeper incisions seemed to produce more severe damage. With increasing time after surgery, some of the damaged endothelial cells seemed to be recovering, while others in the areas between the incisions and in the center of the cornea were degenerating. Three months after surgery, the endothelium had recovered, but some of the peripheral intercellular spaces still were distended. These findings may be the result of continuous blinking in combination with the structural weakness of the cornea, rather than a result of chronic postsurgical inflammation. PMID- 7305716 TI - Pressure-induced optic nerve axonal transport interruption in cat eyes. AB - After intravitreal injection of tritiated leucine, optic nerve axonal transport was studied in 30 cat eyes by tissue radioautography. Twenty-five experimental eyes were examined after four hours of acute pressure elevation with perfusion pressures maintained at 20 to 70 mm Hg. In five control specimens, intraocular pressures were maintained at 10 mm Hg for the four-hour interval. The extent of leucine accumulation, as seen by radioautographs, was inversely proportional to the perfusion pressure. Accumulation was limited to the region fo the lamina cribrosa. The anatomic distribution and pressure response of this transport interruption were similar to those seen in primate eyes studied under similar conditions. PMID- 7305717 TI - Displacement of the optic nerve head. Response to acute intraocular pressure elevation in primate eyes. AB - Mechanical compression of axons within the lamina scleralis has been suggested as a mechanism of damage in glaucoma. Movement within the optic nerve head was studied after acute intraocular pressure elevation in the enucleated primate eye. Fine platinum wire was positioned with the lamina scleralis and displacement characterized after IOP elevation. These studies demonstrate the following: (1) retrodisplacement increases significantly with increasing pressure, (2) maximum retrodisplacement occurs at the center and minimum retrodisplacement occurs at the periphery of the optic nerve, (3) retrodisplacement at the position of minimum movement in the optic nerve is indistinguishable from that in the sclera, (4) 67% of the net retrodisplacement occurs after a 15-mm Hg increase in IOP, and (5) tangential displacements within the lamina scleralis also increase with increasing pressure but are only 50% of the magnitude of retrodisplacements. PMID- 7305719 TI - Thioridazine levels in the human eye. PMID- 7305718 TI - Actin filaments in diabetic fibrovascular preretinal membrane. AB - A vitrectomy specimen from a diabetic patient was studied by light and electron microscopy using myosin subfragment 1 to decorate and identify actin filaments. The patient had proliferative diabetic retinopathy, a shrinking fibrovascular preretinal membrane associated with retraction of the thickened posterior hyaloid, and a localized traction retinal detachment. The fibrovascular tissue comprised normal mature collagen, few cells, and occasional blood vessels. The cells contained numerous thick bundles of the contractile protein, actin. We suggest that actin may have been involved in the contraction phenomena observed clinically and that membrane contraction might be blocked by pharmacologic treatment. PMID- 7305720 TI - Goblet cells of the human conjunctiva. AB - We correlated histologic findings concerning conjunctival goblet cells with findings concerning the mucous membrane surfaces of the conjunctiva. Ten biopsy specimens were obtained from the upper tarsal conjunctiva and ten from the perilimbal bulbar conjunctiva. Changes in goblet cells just before and during secretion included changes in surface cell diameter, evagination of the apical surface of the cell membrane, decrease in the number of microvilli, and alteration in the arrangement and morphologic characteristics of microvilli. Changes seen by light and transmission electron microscopy correlated with those observed by scanning electron microscopy. Goblet cells were often associated with crypt openings; some crypts served as conduits for the secretion of mucus from underlying goblet cells. This study supports the hypothesis that crypts in the conjunctiva seen by scanning electron microscopy are often associated with goblet cells and their mucus secretion. PMID- 7305721 TI - Bilateral visual loss after blepharoplasty. PMID- 7305722 TI - Modified cryoprobe. PMID- 7305723 TI - Tuberculosis and syphilis. PMID- 7305724 TI - The sound intensity-related behaviour of the brain stem response P6 in different forms of hearing disorders. AB - For clinical purpose it seems appropriate to emphasize especially P6 among the auditory evoked responses (AER). The latency of this positive wave after approximately 6 ms shows a close correlation of the sound intensity: approximately 9.5 ms at the hearing threshold, approximately 5.8 ms at 100 dB CHL (click hearing level). The different forms of hearing disorders always reveal typical latency patterns. Thus, middle ear hearing loss can be distinguished form inner ear hearing loss, and among sensory lesions those of moderate hearing loss exhibit another pattern than those of severe hearing loss. In the same way among neural disorders two types can be separated from each other, probably caused by different ways of genesis. Thus, ERA (electric response audiometry) becomes an objective pendant to the suprathreshold tests and an integrated part of clinical audiometry. PMID- 7305725 TI - The sensitive period for induction of susceptibility to audiogenic seizures by kanamycin in mice. AB - It has been found that administration of kanamycin (400 mg/kg daily) for 5 days was highly effective in inducing susceptibility to audiogenic seizures in BALB/c mice, if the drug was administered between the age of 10-14 postnatal days. The same drug dosage administered between the age of 5-19, 15-19, or 20-24 postnatal days was found to be ineffective. Since induction of seizure susceptibility is highly correlated with the degree of cochlear damage produced by either ototoxic drugs or noise, it was suggested that the age of 10-14 postnatal days could be the most sensitive period for the ototoxic effect of kanamycin. PMID- 7305726 TI - Hypernephroma metastasis in the pituitary gland. A case report. AB - In a 59-year-old man with a hypernephroma tumour of the right kidney, a metastasis in the pituitary gland of this neoplasm was diagnosed 9 years after removal of the kidney. However, metastases were also found in the left kidney. It cannot be established whether the metastasis in the pituitary gland came form the original tumour or from the other diseased kidney. To the best knowledge, a hypernephroma metastasis to the pituitary gland has not been reported previously. PMID- 7305728 TI - [The "so-called" spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CFR) (author's transl)]. AB - Sometimes it is very difficult to decide whether or not a CFR is spontaneous. This is why it has been termed "so-called" CFR. Trying ot find a new definition we think that a little change in the classic definition by Coleman and Troland (1947) will meet the requirements best. "Spontaneous CFR if the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose without definite demonstrable cause of origin. Three cases of spontaneous CFR are presented. PMID- 7305727 TI - The combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques in pathology of the organ of Corti in guinea pigs. AB - The pathology of the organ of Corti in guinea pigs is studied by means of SEM and TEM. It was the purpose of this study to examine the surface of an experimentally altered organ of Corti by means of SEM screening method). As it was our main interest to find out the localization of acoustic stimulation regarding the tonotopicity on the surface of the organ of Corti, we always examined the whole cochlear by means of SEM first. In acoustic experiments we used long-time pure tone stimulation beyond the directly damaging sound pressure level, as well as white noise or shots for experimental damage of hair cells and supporting cells. Specimens of particular interest underwent a special procedure for a supplementary TEM examination. A prolonged and modified technique of embedding the specimens in Epon 812 permitted us to obtain supplementary data from TEM without major artifacts in the fine structure of the cells. PMID- 7305729 TI - Seasonal variation of sensitivity of nasal mucosa in pollinosis. AB - The purpose of the present paper is to examine whether hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa observed in nasal allergy is cause or result of allergic reaction using the subjects with pollinosis in which the exposure period can be clearly distinguished. Subjects are 30 cases of Japanese cedar pollinosis and orchard grass pollinosis and 25 normal controls. Inferior turbinate of unilateral nasal cavity was stimulated by a piece of filter paper soaked with 0.02 ml of 0.1% and 0.5% histamine hydrochloride. Frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion were measured quantatively and were compared among the subjects with pollinosis in season, off season, and normal controls. In subjects with pollinosis when stimulated with extrinsic histamine, frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion were markedly enhanced in season, but during off season no apparent difference was observed compared with normal subjects. Relationship between frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion indicated positive correlation (alpha less than 0.01). Positive correlation was also observed in amount of nasal secretion in ipsilateral and contralateral nasal cavity when unilateral nasal cavity was stimulated with histamine (alpha less than 0.01). Hyperrhinorrhea was closely related with hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa. The present study showed that hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa characteristic of nasal allergy is nonspecific and that it is largely a result of antigen antibody reaction, which in turn works in causing exaggeration of the allergic symptoms and allergic reaction through vicious cycle. PMID- 7305730 TI - [A new rhinomanometer in clinical trial for nasal allergen provocation tests. (author's transl)]. AB - In 30 patients with a positive history of allergic rhinitis, positive skin tests, and a positive RAST for house dust, house dust mite, and fungi, intranasal provocation was carried out with one or several allergens. Nasal resistance was measured every 15 min for 1 h using a body plethysmograph and a new rhinomanometer (Allergopharma A440). The respective results were compared to verify the usefulness of the new rhinomanometer for ENT departments. PMID- 7305732 TI - Asthma in the preschool child. PMID- 7305731 TI - Liposarcoma of the head and neck. AB - Liposarcomas of the head and neck are rare. Two patients are described and 52 cases from the literature reviewed. The histological type of differentiation mainly determines the prognosis. Radical surgery is the form of treatment advised, but postoperative irradiation is also recommended. Experiences with chemotherapy are limited so far. PMID- 7305733 TI - Genetic counselling. PMID- 7305734 TI - Some common acute paediatric surgical problems. PMID- 7305735 TI - Making new bonds between adults and children. PMID- 7305736 TI - Head louse infestation in Tasmanian schoolchildren. PMID- 7305737 TI - Survey of blood lead levels in children. PMID- 7305739 TI - The ingrowing toenail. PMID- 7305738 TI - Use of the telephone in paediatric general practice. PMID- 7305740 TI - Practical procedures. Examination of the ear. PMID- 7305741 TI - Sugar and human health. PMID- 7305742 TI - Are adolescents always healthy? Third M O Kent-Hughes memorial oration. PMID- 7305743 TI - Cautionary tales from general practice. Authentic case histories from Australian general practice illustrating pitfalls in diagnosis and management. 'A real headache'. PMID- 7305744 TI - How many GPs is enough? PMID- 7305745 TI - Breast self examination; doctors and the media. PMID- 7305746 TI - Colorectal cancer. A plea for early diagnosis. PMID- 7305747 TI - Future needs for medical education in Queensland. Planning for co-operation with the other health professionals. PMID- 7305748 TI - Would you treat this condition? PMID- 7305749 TI - Treatment of styes and meibomian cysts. Practical procedures. AB - Styes and meibomian cysts are common eye problems presenting to the general practitioner and both can be simply managed in the consulting rooms. Meibomian cysts, however, may present difficulties to the inexperienced and Dr Hudson has outlined a comprehensive plan of assessment and surgical management. PMID- 7305750 TI - Patient health education. Your painful neck. PMID- 7305751 TI - Ingrowing toenail. PMID- 7305752 TI - Prickly heat. PMID- 7305753 TI - The mountain maid. PMID- 7305754 TI - The prevalence of psychosocial problems. A study of 37,678 Sydney adults. AB - Australian household surveys have indicated the prevalence of emotional or psychological disturbance as about 25 per cent of the population. Among those attending general practitioners' surgeries, the prevalence is even higher - 33 to 40 per cent. Morevoer, such psychosocial problems have an important effect on people's mental and physical health. PMID- 7305755 TI - Sinus tenderness. PMID- 7305756 TI - On site radiology in general practice. The state of the art. PMID- 7305757 TI - Measurement of organ blood flow using tritiated water. I. Hind limb muscle blood flow in conscious ewes. AB - Blood flow rates to a hind limp preparation, consisting predominantly of muscle, were obtained with tritiated water (TOH) diffusion and radioactive microsphere technique in four conscious ewes (a total of seven comparisons). During the continuous infusion of TOH, equilibrium between muscle and its venous drainage was attained by 40--60 min after the start of the infusion. Total blood flow to the hind limb measured using TOH was corrected for arteriovenous anastomosis flow to provide a measure of capillary blood flow through the hind limb. The capillary blood flow rates so obtained using TOH were highly correlated with those measured directly in muscle with microspheres (ml min-1, r = 0.934; ml 100 g-1 min-1, r = 0.886, P less than 0.01, n = 7) and the corresponding mean flow values obtained with the two techniques (respectively, 104.6 +/- 15.1 v. 106.5 +/- 14.9 ml min-1 and 7.2 +/- 0.8 v. 7.3 +/- 0.8 ml 100 g-1 min-1) were not significantly different. There were substantial difference in the capillary blood flow rates for the individual muscles of the hind limb. PMID- 7305758 TI - Iodine deficiency and brain development in the rat. AB - An assessment was made of the influence of low-iodine diet on somatic and brain development at birth (day 0) and 21 days postnatally in the rat. The rat mothers were proven to be iodine-deficient by assay of plasma thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone prior to mating, an at 21 days postnatally, when maternal thyroids were removed, weighed and stored for subsequent iodine analysis, along with those of the offspring. There were no significant differences in body weight or brain weight of the offspring at birth, or in the content of DNA or protein. However, at 21 days there was a significant reduction in body weight (21.7%) and whole brain weight (7.9%, P less than 0.2) which was associated with a significant fall n cholesterol content (12.4%, P less than 0.05) and protein level (9.6 %, P less than 0.01), while DNA was not significantly affected (6%). The greatest reduction in weight was seen in the cerebellum. The thyroids in these rats were double normal size, showed follicular cell hypertrophy and absence of colloid histologically, and contained 8% of the iodine content of controls. It is concluded that iodine deficiency retards both somatic and brain development, the change in the latter case being expressed as a reduction in cell size in the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum, along with reduced myelination throughout the brain. PMID- 7305759 TI - Progesterone control of the initiation of lactose synthesis in the rat. AB - The in vitro incorporation of [14c]glucose into lactose in mammary tissue, the concentration of lactose in the mammary tissue and the concentration of lactose in the mammary secretion were determined during late pregnancy and lactation in the rat. These changes were related to the decline in blood progesterone during late pregnancy. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into lactose was detected on day 20 of pregnancy; it increased gradually until day 22 and then increased rapidly just prior to term (day 23 of pregnancy) to reach mean +/- s.e.m. maximum hourly values of 12.0 +/- 1.5 cpm x 10(4)/g by day 3 of lactation, and then declined to lower values (6.1 +/- 0.6 cpm x 10(4)/g) by day 20 of lactation. The concentration of lactose in both in the mammary tissue and in the mammary secretion increased rapidly over the last 24h of pregnancy and then more gradually after birth to reach mean +/- s.e.m. maximum values of 6.85 +/- 1.11 mg/g tissues and 43.1 +/-0 2.1 g/l respectively on day 15 of lactation. The decline in plasma progesterone to low levels between days 21 and 22 of pregnancy preceded the rapid increase in the concentration of lactose in the mammary tissue. A similar relationship was observed between the decline in progesterone and the increase in lactose in mammary tissue in rats Caesarean-sectioned on day 19 of pregnancy, and the administration of progesterone immediately following Caesarean section significantly depressed the accumulation of lactose in the mammary tissue. The results support the involvement of progesterone withdrawal in lactogenesis in the rat and indicate that [14C]glucose incorporation into lactose and the concentration of lactose both in the mammary tissue and in mammary secretion are useful indicators of the synthetic activity of the mammary gland. PMID- 7305760 TI - Progressive changes in plasma progesterone, prolactin and corticosteroid levels during late pregnancy and the initiation of lactose synthesis in the rat. AB - The relationship between progesterone, prolactin, corticosteroids and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) activity in plasma and the initiation of lactation were studied in normal parturient rats, and rats either ovariohysterectomized or Caesarean-sectioned on day 19 of gestation. In chronically cannulated rats the decline in plasma progesterone to low values (less than 10 micrograms/l) in normal parturient rats 20 h before term and in Caesarean-sectioned rats 10-14 h after surgery was closely related to an increase in plasma prolactin. However, in ovariohysterectomized rats the levels of progesterone declined abruptly to 20 micrograms/l within 30 min of surgery and prolactin remained low (5 micrograms/l) for 4-8 h and then gradually increased during the subsequent 16-18 h. Lactose concentrations in mammary tissue of rats killed at 0, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery was low (less than 0.14 mg/g tissue) up to 12 h, and increased to reach maximum values at 36h and 48 h after surgery in ovariohysterectomized and Caesarean-sectioned rats respectively. The concentration of corticosteroids and CBG capacity in the plasma was 250-550 micrograms/l and 250-480 micrograms corticosterone bound per litre, respectively, in rats killed during the last 4 days of gestation. However, both the concentration of corticosteroids and the CBG capacity, within the individual cannulated rats, remained relatively constant during late gestation. These findings support the proposal that progesterone withdrawal is the lactogenic trigger and suggest the sequential involvement of prolactin. An increase in the concentration of free corticosteroids in late pregnancy and a related stimulatory role in the lactogenic mechanism were not established. PMID- 7305762 TI - Excision of the greater cornu of the hyoid in hyoid syndrome. AB - The results of excision of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone in cases diagnosed as 'Hyoid Syndrome' are discussed. The possible aetiopathology of its vague symptoms is discussed in the light of available literature. The line of demarcation between the styloid and the hyoid syndromes is identified. PMID- 7305761 TI - The foetoplacental unit and the initiation of lactation in the rat. AB - Rats were either Caesarean-sectioned, ovariohysterectomized or ovariectomized on day 19 of gestation and the role of prolactin and corticosteroids in the initiation of lactation was studied by administering 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154) and prolactin, and by using adrenalectomy and foetectomy. The concentrations of corticosteroids and prolactin in the plasma and the weight and lactose content of the inguinal mammary glands were determined 48 h after Caesarean section, and 24 h after ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy. The ranges in concentrations of corticosteroids, prolactin and mammary lactose were 207-348 micrograms/l plasma, 21.9-65.3 micrograms/l plasma and 1.21-4.50 mg/g tissue, respectively, the Caesarean-sectioned, ovariohysterectomized and ovariectomized rats. The administration of CB 154 after either Caesarean section, ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy decreased the concentration of prolactin to less than 8.8 micrograms/l. Whereas CB 154 significantly depressed the lactose content of the mammary tissue in Caesarean-sectioned and ovariohysterectomized rats (0.42 and 0.31 mg/g tissue, respectively), no effect was observed in ovariectomized rats (1.39 mg/g tissue). The administration of ovine prolactin reversed the inhibitory effects of CB 154. Furthermore, in two rats which were not ovariectomized and foetectomized, CB 154 did not inhibit lactose accumulation in the mammary tissue (2.02 mg/g tissue). Adrenalectomy of ovariohysterectomized rats decreased corticosteroid concentrations from 348 to 14 microgram/l plasma and the lactose content of mammary tissue from 1.31 to 0.19 mg/g tissue. Whereas adrenalectomy of ovariectomized rats decreased corticosteroid concentrations to 53 micrograms/l, the lactose content of mammary tissue (1.82 mg/g tissue) remained within the range for ovariohysterectomized rats. These finding show that hormones produced in late pregnancy by the foetus and placenta can support lactogenesis in the rat in the absence of maternal prolactin and corticosteroids. PMID- 7305763 TI - Effects of optokinetic stimulation on the center of gravity during standing. AB - The effects of horizontal as well as vertical optokinetic stimuli on the body's center of gravity in normal adults were investigated by using Jungtype optokinetic stimulator, a straingage platform and a minicomputer. The following results were obtained. With increasing speed of the optokinetic stimulation, the total length of the center of gravity gradually increased up to 60 deg/sec and then decreased. Meanwhile there was a standard two-phasic course in the position of the center of gravity. The ratio of the anteroposterior component to the lateral component in the movement of the center of gravity was below 1.00 in horizontal optokinetic stimulation, while in vertical stimulation it was over 1.00 and showed the maximum deviation of the position at about 60 deg/sec of optokinetic stimulation. The frequency spectra of the movement of the center of gravity showed some peaks at around 0.3 Hz and 1.0 Hz during optokinetic stimulation. The averaged divisional frequencies were calculated to show the change in the frequency spectra in digital values. PMID- 7305764 TI - Experimental labyrinthine disorders and direction of nystagmus. AB - The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the variation of the direction of nystagmus which is elicited from the peripheral labyrinth. The direction of nystagmus depends, among other things, on the nature of the stimulus. Depending on the degree of pathophysiological conditions in the labyrinth, atypical nystagmus which does not comply with the rule is occasionally elicited even though the same stimulus is given. Hyperfunctional stimulation to the labyrinth, such as allergy, causes nystagmus which beats to the affected side and also shows hyperactivity of the whole nerve action potential and cochlear microphonics. PMID- 7305765 TI - Effect of nasal mucosa irritation on airway resistance. AB - In order to investigate the effect of the nasopulmonary reflex on the regulation of airway resistance, the nasal mucosa was stimulated with white pepper powder and the change in airway resistance was evaluated in 13 totally laryngectomized patients and 39 normal subjects. The results were then analyzed to clarify whether there was any difference in the pattern of the change in airway resistance between the two groups. In totally laryngectomized patients, airway resistance often diminished significantly after stimulation. In normal subjects, on the other hand, a significant increase in airway resistance was often observed. The above results suggest that stimulation of the mucosa of the upper airway causes dilation of the trachea and bronchi accompanied by a decrease in airway resistance in laryngectomized patients. The stimulation presumably dilates the trachea and bronchi in normal subjects as well, but the effect of the dilation appears to be overpowered by the constriction of the larynx and, as a result, an increase in airway resistance is observed. 4 PMID- 7305766 TI - The blood supply of the facial nerve in the human temporal bone. AB - The gross blood supply and intrinsic vascular anatomy of the facial nerve in the temporal bone are described, and their significance is discussed. At the vertical part of the facial nerve, the stylomastoid artery lies on its anteromedial side as far as the upper third of the nerve. The artery then loops around the lateral or medial side of the nerve, and divides into several branches. At the convex aspect of the genu, these branches anastomose with one another to form an arterial network, passing to the horizontal part. The petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery reaches the geniculate ganglion and forms a profuse, fine arterial network. The main arterial trunk extends toward the second bend in the nerve, but it never reaches the vertical part. Studies on the draining veins are also described. Duplication of blood vessels from different sources was seen at the horizontal part of the nerve. This would suggest a special vulnerability of this area to vascular injury, since in our topographical study of Bell's palsy within two weeks of its onset, 72 out of 117 cases (61.5%) were found to have suprastapedial lesions. PMID- 7305767 TI - Playground equipment and accidents. PMID- 7305768 TI - Accidental poisoning in the first three years of life. PMID- 7305769 TI - Tracheopexy - aorto-tracheal suspension for severe tracheomalacia. PMID- 7305770 TI - Cor triatriatum associated with unilateral anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in an infant. PMID- 7305771 TI - The hazards (?) of thermometry. PMID- 7305772 TI - Real-time scanning of the neonatal brain. PMID- 7305773 TI - Intravenous cephamandole pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability in neonates. PMID- 7305774 TI - Family responses and mechanisms of adjustment following death of children with cancer. PMID- 7305775 TI - The treatment of malabsorption in cystic fibrosis with pancreatic extracts and inhibition of gastric acidity by antacids and cimetidine. PMID- 7305776 TI - Broken and retained rectal thermometers in infants and young children. PMID- 7305777 TI - Newborn transport in metropolitan Sydney: experience with a newborn intensive care unit based regional transport service. PMID- 7305778 TI - The teaching of radiology to medical students. PMID- 7305779 TI - Unilateral rhinolithiasis. PMID- 7305780 TI - The use of radionuclide angiography in the non-invasive assessment of left atrial myxoma - A case report. PMID- 7305781 TI - Positive Diagnosis using tomography in failed oral cholecystography. PMID- 7305782 TI - Obstructive Jaundice - an unusual presentation of a secondary deposit. PMID- 7305783 TI - The changing pattern and the changing surgical treatment of rectal carcinoma. PMID- 7305784 TI - A comparative trial of two urographic contrast media - Conray 420 and Urografin 370. PMID- 7305785 TI - Alkaline encrusted cystitis. PMID- 7305786 TI - The intraperitoneal use of Technetium Sulphur Colloid. PMID- 7305787 TI - Thrombotic complications of ascending venography. PMID- 7305788 TI - Primary suppurative myositis. PMID- 7305789 TI - Image quality and noise analysis in radiography. PMID- 7305790 TI - Isodose versus isoeffect in radiotherapy planning as applied to parallel opposed fields. PMID- 7305791 TI - Onboard oxygen generation systems. AB - During the 1970s, the development of onboard oxygen generation systems (OBOGS) progressed through ground and flight test phases to the point where a second generation concept is now production qualified and additional alternatives are being evaluated. This paper reviews the development of OBOGS and assesses the current state of the art of these systems. High-purity fluomine systems, developed for flight demonstration and qualified for production application, are discussed. Development of enriched air molecular sieve systems for laboratory and flight applications is described, along with a recent study of a permeable membrane-based aircraft oxygen enrichment concept. Capabilities and characteristics of the various OBOGS concepts are compared, showing the greater compliance of high-purity fluomine systems with the current oxygen military standards while noting the advantages of the reduced interface complexity of enriched air systems. Recommendations for future OBOGS development are presented, emphasizing the need to coordinate the development of specifications and hardware so the optimum compromises between physiological requirements and engineering feasibilities can result in OBOGS that best satisfy the metabolic needs of aircrew members. PMID- 7305792 TI - Acceleration stress-induced Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome with marked ST-segment depression. AB - Exercise can affect preexcitation in several ways. The possible presence of catecholamine-sensitive bypass, stimulated during periods of high stress, was recently reported. In addition to a direct effect on the preexcitation, when the preexcitation pattern exists, exercise-induced ST-segment changes may occur which preclude stress testing for coronary artery disease detection. Current high performance fighter pilots, flying new generation aircraft, are under severe stress during aerial combat maneuvering when they are exposed to high sustained +Gz (head-to-foot) acceleration stress. We report the occurrence of a +Gz acceleration-induced episode of preexcitation with marked ST-segment depression in a healthy asymptomatic aircrewman. Autonomic imbalance, with high catecholamine levels developed during +Gz stress, may be the etiology of this preexcitation episode. PMID- 7305793 TI - Recognition of the aircraft navigation light color code. AB - Navigation lights are a set of color-coded signals intended to indicate the presence, orientation, and relative direction of aircraft at night, and thereby reduce the possibility of midair collisions. It is known that some people with defective color vision have difficulty with quite simple codes. Accordingly, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has recommended -- and most countries apply -- that applicants for pilot's licences demonstrate the ability to recognise colored light signals. Pilots who fail to meet this requirement are restricted from flying at night. But is the navigation light signal system effective? This paper concludes that the navigation light system at night can serve as a crude screening method to categorize intruder aircraft into "potential threat" and "no threat" categories. An experiment is described which shows that observers with normal color vision can determine intruder aircraft orientation and relative direction from the navigation light code with a moderately high degree of reliability. The reliability of judgement is, however, decreased by the higher-intensity presence lights also displayed by aircraft. PMID- 7305794 TI - Chemically sensitive field-effect transistor to detect organophosphorous compounds and pesticides. AB - A critical assessment is made concerning the application of a chemically sensitive field-effect transistor (CHEMFET) to detect organophosphorous compounds and pesticides in the ambient environment at the ppb concentration level. A performance analysis of the four types of CHEMFET structures -- enzyme-coupled, galvanostatic, catalytic, and work-function -- is presented. The integration of chemically sensitive polymers with the field-effect transistor structure is addressed. The focus of the assessment deals with practical performance criteria such as sensitivity, response time, reversibility, shelf-life, operational life, and lifetime. PMID- 7305795 TI - Occurrence of pre-existing disease in aircrew killed in flying accidents. AB - A review of the occurrence of pre-existing disease found in 809 military, professional, and private aircrew killed in 525 flying accidents in the United Kingdom from 1955 to 1979. In the author's experience, the most common diseases encountered included coronary atherosclerosis, myocarditis, pathology of the liver, psychiatric or adverse medical histories, upper respiratory tract infections, and defective vision. The role of these diseases in accident causation and the need for caution in the interpretation of asymptomatic disease is discussed. The importance of histological examination in death due to trauma and of circumstantial evidence is emphasised. PMID- 7305796 TI - Role of pre-existing disease in the causation of naval aircraft mishaps. AB - Pre-existing disease is present in Naval aircraft mishaps, but there is presently no indication that it actually causes, or even contributes to, the mishap sequence. This paper reviews the literature on this subject and analyzes the evidence available. Naval aviators are a healthy, watched-over, well-defined young population. Diagnosed pre-existing disease which could be incapacitating is disqualifying for aviation duty. The pre-existing disease reported in Medical Officer's Reports usually would not be incapacitating. However, a disease process may present and contribute significantly to a "pilot error" or "undetermined" mishap, and not be found at autopsy. PMID- 7305798 TI - The dental X-ray file of crew members in the Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS). AB - In 1977, the Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) established a dental X-ray file of all crew members. Its aim was to have immediately available an adequate set of physical antemortem data useful for identification in case of a fatal crash. Recently, an investigation into the quality and suitability of this material was carried out. The radiographs of 100 Danish, 100 Norwegian, and 100 Swedish pilots were picked at random and evaluated for formal deficiences, technical deficiencies, treatment pattern as useful for identification purposes, and the presence of pathology. The major results of the investigation were that a number of formal and technical deficiencies were disclosed, that the treatment pattern would seem adequate for identification purposes, and that a number of pathological findings were made, several of which had to be considered possible safety risks in the form of barodontalgia. PMID- 7305797 TI - Interactions of animal and computer models in investigations of the "anemia" of space flight. AB - Previous studies in mice deprived of water have suggested that these animals, like men in space, show hemoconcentration due to plasma volume reductions, a weight loss greater than that due to fluid loss alone, and suppression of red blood cell production. To more fully understand the mechanisms responsible for the suppressed erythropoiesis in dehydrated mice, a mathematical model for erythropoietic regulation has been adapted to this rodent. Computer simulations suggested several new experimental studies to more fully understand the erythroid response to dehydration. The investigations were directed to determining whether dehydration was accompanied by: a) a shortened red blood cell survival, b) altered sensitivity of the erythropoietin (Ep)-producing mechanism, c) a shortened red blood cell transit time, d) changes in the Ep serum half-life, e) changes in hemoglobin P50, and f) reduced renal blood flow. All parameters except changes in renal blood flow were investigated in vivo and incorporated into, or omitted from, the mathematical simulations as directed by experimental findings. The mathematical model is able to realistically simulate the in vivo erythroid response to dehydration making only one, experimentally-untested, assumption. Computer simulations confirm conclusions drawn from the animal studies that the primary cause of the suppressed erythropoiesis in dehydrated mice is the reduced food intake, with hemoconcentration playing a relatively minor role. The interaction between computer simulations and animal experiments is shown to be a powerful approach for formulating and testing hypotheses, designing new experiments, and achieving a clearer understanding of the factors controlling erythropoiesis. PMID- 7305799 TI - Prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in healthy United Kingdom aviators. AB - The coronary arteries of 288 aircrew (135 military aircrew, 53 professional pilots, and 100 private pilots) killed in 210 aircraft accidents were examined to assess the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Included in the study were 132 controls of apparently healthy British males aged 18-62 years killed accidentally. The prevalence of significant CAD was found to be 17% in military aircrew with a mean age of 29.1 years, 24.5% in professional pilots with a mean age of 39.7 years and 22% in private pilots with a mean age of 37.2 years. In the control group, the prevalence was 18.2% with a mean age of 29.9 years. There was no evidence of a significant difference in CAD prevalence in the four groups (p greater than 0.1). The difficulties in grading CAD and comparing results with other published series is discussed. When taking the author's military aircrew and professional pilots as one group, so that the prevalence can be compared with previous UK series, it is found that prevalence of significant CAD (19%) is not significantly different from the prevalence reported two decades ago (p greater than 0.1). It is concluded that findings suggest that the prevalence of CAD is not declining in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7305800 TI - Unilateral apical infiltrate as an initial presentation of pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - A unilateral, apical, pulmonary infiltrate was seen in an Air Force weapon systems officer stationed in the Philippines as an initial presentation of pulmonary sarcoidosis. The most obvious diagnosis for that geographic area is tuberculosis. Diagnosis must be pursued to evaluate all differential possibilities, with resort to open-lung or bronchoscopic biopsy, if necessary. PMID- 7305801 TI - The individual's vs. the organization's doctor: value conflict in psychiatric aeromedical evaluation. AB - Physicians who perform aeromedical evaluations are aware of the value conflicts inherent in being both a physician and a social agent. This paper examines some of the conflicts which occur when the psychiatrist acts as an aeromedical examiner. Five areas are examined: 1) the use by the psychiatrist of the authority delegated by the social system, 2) issues of confidentiality, 3) efforts of the social system to influence the psychiatrist's findings, 4) the requirements to make decisions in areas where scientific data is lacking, and 5) the physician's imperative to "do no harm" to his patient. Recommendations to minimize the impact of these factors through recognition, open discussion, and thoughtful structuring of the physician-patient relationship are made. PMID- 7305802 TI - Loss of consciousness in aerobatic competitors. PMID- 7305803 TI - Memory of simple learning in young, middle-aged, and aged C57/BL6 mice. PMID- 7305805 TI - Bombesin produces taste aversion in rats. PMID- 7305806 TI - Down the up staircase: evidence against negative geotactic responses in Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 7305804 TI - Intraventricular corticosterone injection facilitates memory of an appetitive discriminative task in mice. PMID- 7305807 TI - Tonic immobility and the dorsal immobility response in twelve species of muroid rodents. PMID- 7305808 TI - Adrenal hormones and ethanol ingestion in C57BL/Crgl and C3H/Crgl/2 mice. PMID- 7305809 TI - Responses by rats to odors from living versus dead conspecifics. PMID- 7305810 TI - The effect of early training age upon later savings in a go/no-go task. PMID- 7305811 TI - Testosterone dependence of scent marking by male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). PMID- 7305812 TI - Scopolamine disrupts maintenance of attention rather than memory processes. PMID- 7305813 TI - Initial sensitivity and tolerance to ethanol in mice: correlations among open field activity, hypothermia, and loss of righting reflex. PMID- 7305815 TI - Responsitivity of rats to neutral and danger-signaling stimuli during sleep. PMID- 7305814 TI - Aged rats: diminished sympathetic-adrenal medullary responses to acute stress. PMID- 7305816 TI - Olfactory regulation of responsiveness to novelty in mice. PMID- 7305817 TI - Rapid communication the activating activity of vincamine, piracetam, and hydergine on the activity of the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus. PMID- 7305818 TI - Coronary collaterals: role in restoration of blood flow and preservation of cardiac function during exercise. AB - Chronically instrumented dogs were studied at rest and during exercise on two occasions 10--12 weeks apart. The left circumflex coronary artery (LCf) was initially constricted in all dogs. By the time of the second study the LCf was still patent in 9 dogs and had become occluded in 6. In the dogs with chronic coronary occlusion, collaterals restored myocardial flow to normal both at rest and during exercise, and there were no adverse hemodynamic effects when running. Conversely, in dogs with constricted but patent LCfs collateral development was inadequate to return ischemic flows to normal following transient coronary occlusion, and occlusion during exercise produced significant myocardial failure. Thus coronary collaterals can compensate for decreased antegrade coronary flow. PMID- 7305821 TI - Observations on coronary conductance artery vasomotion by induction angiometry and ultrasonic dimensions technique. PMID- 7305820 TI - Neurogenic and myogenic control of conduit coronary a.: a possible interference. PMID- 7305819 TI - Mechanical activity of isolated canine coronary arteries after coronary occlusion. AB - Collateral vessels from dogs showed good mechanical responses, with well developed inhibitory responses, for example to noradrenaline. Endogenous inhibitory processes, which resulted in a low spontaneous basal tone, were also well-developed in most tissues. However, signs of hyperactivity were observed in some cases - and this might be the most interesting result. This hyperactivity was characterized by a strong phasic spontaneous activity. This might be an abnormality associated with the rapid proliferation of smooth muscle cells in collateral vessels. It is quite possible that such states of hyperactivity may play a role in human pathology, Producing coronary spasm and leading to angina or infarction, perhaps even in hearts with well developed collaterals. PMID- 7305822 TI - Physiological tone regulation and drug susceptibility of coronary smooth musculature of extramural stem arteries. AB - The great extramural coronary stem arteries (as well as extramural collaterals and anastomoses) deserve particular interest with respect to their peculiar susceptibility to autonomic neurotransmitters and drugs. Obviously these arteries, preferentially affected by atherosclerotic processes, are most responsive to such vasodilators which block vascular tone and contractility by interference with Ca-dependent excitation-contraction coupling. This applies first of all to the new pharmacological family of Ca-antagonists but also to the classical nitrites. As we have emphasized in 1971. Ca-antagonism is a new principle of coronary vascular dilation with profound clinical implications (5). In fact, the Ca-antagonists have become, within a few years, the drugs of choice for the treatment of all spastic forms of angina. By contrast adenosine, dipyridamole, chromonar and theophylline preferably dilate the small intramural resistance vessels, but do not significantly reflex the extramural stem arteries. Therefore, in coronary heart disease, the latter drugs do usually not produce major circulatory improvement. PMID- 7305823 TI - Curvilinearity of the diastolic pressure-flow relationship in autoregulating and maximally vasodilated coronary beds; effects on estimates of zero-flow pressure and differences between zero-flow and intracavitary diastolic pressures. Role of capacitive effects in the determination of zero-flow pressure from long diastoles. PMID- 7305825 TI - Diastolic coronary pressure-flow relationships investigated by induced long-wave pressure oscillations. PMID- 7305824 TI - Coronary capacitive effects on estimates of diastolic critical closing pressures. PMID- 7305826 TI - Some determinants of transmural gradients in myocardial blood flow and ischemic metabolic changes in the underperfused left ventricle. PMID- 7305827 TI - Forward coronary flow normally seen in systole is the result of both forward and concealed back flow. AB - Normally systolic coronary blood flow is almost entirely forward. As perfusion pressure was lowered through the autoregulatory range in open-chest dogs, net systolic back flow appeared at approximately 70 mm Hg. Imposing a series resistance (Rs), which impedes both forward and back flow, abolished this reverse flow and resulted in net forward systolic flow. Thus we conclude that under normal perfusion conditions the pattern of net forward systolic flow contains a substantial reverse flow component. PMID- 7305828 TI - [Sudden heart death]. PMID- 7305829 TI - [Erythrocyte membrane antigen systems Lutheran, Colton and Dombrock in forensic hemogenetics]. PMID- 7305830 TI - [Very stable organic poisons in putrefied bodies - proof and judgment possibilities]. PMID- 7305831 TI - [Sperm determination post coitum in men and women]. PMID- 7305832 TI - [Gagging in the frame of combined suicides]. PMID- 7305833 TI - [Use of 2 identification methods]. PMID- 7305834 TI - [Microspectralphotometric measurements of textile fibers in light]. PMID- 7305836 TI - [Analysis and diagnosis of acute poisonings]. PMID- 7305835 TI - [Toxicologic course studies in thallium poisoning]. PMID- 7305837 TI - [Remarks on the extraction behavior of basic compounds]. PMID- 7305838 TI - [Morphologic and toxicologic findings after a 17 year burial of a corpse]. PMID- 7305839 TI - [Can dried meat consumption be harmful in early childhood?]. PMID- 7305840 TI - [Education in forensic medicine after the new approbation regulation]. PMID- 7305842 TI - [The Milton Helpern International Center for Forensic Medicine. Activity report]. PMID- 7305841 TI - [The ecology course with possibilities for new instruction formats in forensic medicine]. PMID- 7305843 TI - [Our experiences in the instruction of medical deontology]. PMID- 7305844 TI - [Problems in forensic medicine education in Japan]. PMID- 7305845 TI - [Forensic medicine in the mirror of judgment by students. Results of a survey]. PMID- 7305846 TI - [Creation of a course in forensic medicine at the Ruhr University in Bochum]. PMID- 7305847 TI - [From regulated instruction to the open course principle. A suggestion for solving absenteeism tendencies using forensic medicine as an example]. PMID- 7305848 TI - [Compensation for incorrect sterilizations - remarks on the judgment of the German Supreme Court of 18 March 1980]. PMID- 7305849 TI - [Suggestions for a more effective prevention of paramedical quackery]. PMID- 7305851 TI - [Quantification of guilt in traffic jurisprudence]. PMID- 7305850 TI - [Serologic tests in a case of so-called faith healing]. PMID- 7305853 TI - [Forensic medicine reconstruction of traffic accidents after surgical procedures]. PMID- 7305852 TI - [Blood coagulation disorder in contrast medium reaction]. PMID- 7305854 TI - [Fatal swimming accident by a windsurfer]. PMID- 7305856 TI - [The dangerousness of unsterile venous blood sample collection systems]. PMID- 7305855 TI - [Endogenous and exogenous features of primary cardiomyopathies - causes of acute heart deaths]. PMID- 7305857 TI - [The position of alcohol effect on suicide]. PMID- 7305858 TI - [Differential alcohol elimination in portal hypertension and after portacaval shunt]. PMID- 7305859 TI - [Drug abuse as a disease in the sense of health insurance]. PMID- 7305861 TI - [Cardiorespiratory insufficiency in shock deaths]. PMID- 7305860 TI - [Differential diagnosis of Kawasaki syndrome]. PMID- 7305862 TI - [Comparative examinations of the forensic medicinal significance of myoglobin determination in sinus, heart and femoral blood]. PMID- 7305863 TI - [The effect of cause of death on the development of rigor mortis]. PMID- 7305864 TI - [Pressure effects on the human body in explosions and their results]. PMID- 7305865 TI - [Acute heart death in James cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7305867 TI - [Morphology of injuries of the larynx and hyoid bone in hanging (with special reference to the cricoid cartilage)]. PMID- 7305866 TI - [Trace technical reconstruction of typical movement processes in real pedestrian automobile accidents]. PMID- 7305868 TI - [Secretion of ABO(H)-antigens in leukemia patients]. PMID- 7305869 TI - [Myoglobin determination in sinus blood in relation to cause of death]. PMID- 7305870 TI - [Rare injury findings in women - self mutilation or abuse]. PMID- 7305871 TI - [False death cause - myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7305872 TI - [Rifampicin poisoning with fatal course]. PMID- 7305873 TI - [Drug determination in biological materials]. PMID- 7305874 TI - [Sudden child death in pulmonary hypertension as a result of chronic nightly hypoventilation]. PMID- 7305875 TI - [The connection between coronary death and alcoholic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7305876 TI - [Theoretical-experimental and statistical principles of cytomorphologic age determination of traumatic cortical hemorrhage]. PMID- 7305877 TI - [Intracranial hemorrhage in congophilic angiopathy: pathogenesis, incidence and forensic-traumatologic relevance]. PMID- 7305878 TI - [Age determination of artificially produced hematomas]. PMID- 7305879 TI - [Injuries by karate blows]. PMID- 7305880 TI - [Anthropologic and chromosome examinations in paternity diagnoses]. PMID- 7305881 TI - [Etiology of idiopathic scoliosis from the viewpoint of physical therapy]. PMID- 7305884 TI - [List of key-words in orthopedics]. PMID- 7305883 TI - [Significance of alkaptonuria in the differential diagnosis of degenerative spinal changes]. PMID- 7305882 TI - [Rigid spine syndrome. A rare combination mith a neuromuscular affection]. PMID- 7305886 TI - Karyological study of Gallus domesticus macrochromosomes. AB - After an incubation period of four days and colchicine pretreatment (air-cell method), clear metaphase figures were obtained from a cell suspension of the allantoic sacs. It was only by shortening the colchicine application to one hour that sufficiently elongated chromosomes suitable for karyological studies could be prepared. The total arm length and the arm length indices are given of the six pairs of macrochromosomes - including the Z chromosome - and of the three largest microchromosomes. Different from the previous findings as reported in the literature, the two largest macrochromosomes are described as submetacentric and not as metacentric. The findings on the seven chromosomes following agree with those given in the literature. PMID- 7305885 TI - [Some problems of milk production and milk processing in the Democratic Republic of Sudan]. PMID- 7305887 TI - Presence and location of an O-acetyl group in O4-antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - A polysaccharide moiety (PS) released from O4-LPS of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was purified. The constituent sugars of the purified PS were glucose, galactose, arabinose, fucose, heptose, N-acetyl galactosamine and an unknown N-acetyl amino sugar. The unknown amino sugar was deduced to be a terminal deoxy amino sugar from its NMR spectrum. PNMR spectroscopy at 200 MHz, periodate oxidation and treatment with alpha-L-fucosidase of the purified PS sample before and after alcoholic sodium methoxide-treatment suggested that PS contained an O-acetyl and alpha-linked non-reducing terminal L-fucose and that the O-acetyl group was located at the C-2 or C-4 position of the non-reducing terminal fucose. The contribution of the O-acetyl group located in L-fucose to the O4-antigenic determinant seemed to be small, judging from immunochemical experiments. PMID- 7305888 TI - Temperature-sensitive alteration in fusion activity of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus during serial passages in vitro and expression of hemagglutinin on the infected cells. AB - The Biken strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus, a maturation-defective variant of measles virus, was serially passed in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells at 37 C. The strain formed syncytial giant cells (GC) at both 37 C and 39 C, but the surface of infected cells did not show hemadsorption at early passages of the strain. However, GC-forming activity of the strain diminished at 39 C after 25 passages or more and hemadsorption on the infected cells became positive at both 37 C and 39 C after 40 passages or more of the strain. Hardly any infectious cell-free virus was detected in the culture fluid even after hemadsorption became positive. Possible mechanisms for the defect of SSPE virus were discussed. PMID- 7305889 TI - Pregnancy-related changes in rat cervical glycosaminoglycans. AB - Non-pregnant and pregnant rats of known gestational age were killed at intervals and their uterine cervices were excised and digested with papain. Glycosaminoglycans thus extracted were separated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and stained with Alcian Blue. Glycosaminoglycans were identified by comparison with standards and by serial degradation with chondroitin ABC lyase, butyl nitrite and leech hyaluronidase. Dermatan sulphate, hyaluronic acid and heparan sulphate were identified and quantitative determined by densitometry. The overall concentration of glycosaminoglycans changed little during pregnancy. A 3-fold total increase in uronic acid paralleled the increase in cervical weight. Hyaluronate content, however, increased 17-fold, and rose from 6% of total glycosaminoglycans in the non-pregnant state to 33% at term. Furthermore, the ratio of hyaluronate to hydroxyproline increased 10-fold. These changes are consistent with an accumulation of hyaluronate in the interstices between collagen fibres, resulting in the softening of this tissue that is seen in late pregnancy. PMID- 7305890 TI - Biochemical actions of vasoactive peptide hormones. Time-synchronized activation of lipolysis and decreased fatty-acid release by bradykinin and angiotensin in the perfused rabbit kidney. AB - Bradykinin and angiotensin administered to the isolated perfused rabbit kidney activate two sequential processes: (1) a selective release of the prostaglandin precursor arachidonate with concomitant partial conversion of the arachidonate into prostaglandin E2; (2) activation of a process that leads to decreased release of all fatty acids in the perfusate. There is a time lag of approx. 1 min between the initial activation of the arachidonate-specific deacylation reaction that is coupled to prostaglandin generation, and the subsequent decrease in the release of all fatty acids. This synchronized cycle provides for instant generation of required amounts of prostaglandins and at the same time serves to conserve cellular arachidonate. PMID- 7305891 TI - Surface-membrane biogenesis in rat intestinal epithelial cells at different stages of maturation. AB - The biosynthesis of membrane proteins and glycoproteins has been studied in rat intestinal crypt and villus cells by measuring the incorporation of L-[5,6-3H] fucose, D-[2-3H] mannose and L-[3,4,5-3H] leucine, given intraperitoneally, into Golgi, lateral-basal and luminal membranes. Incorporation of leucine and mannose was approximately equal in crypt and villus cells, whereas fucose incorporation was markedly higher (3-4 times) in the differentiated villus cells. As previously reported [Quaroni, Kirsch & Weiser (1979) Biochem J. 182. 203-212] most of the fucosylated glyco-proteins synthesized in the villus cells and initially present in the Golgi and lateral-basal membranes were found re-distributed, within 3-4h of label administration, in the luminal membrane. A similar process appeared to occur in the crypt cells, where, however, only few fucose-labelled glycoproteins were identified. In contrast, most of the leucine-labelled and many mannose labelled membrane components found in the lateral-basal membrane of both crypt and villus cells did not seen to undergo a similar re-distribution process. The fucosylated glycoproteins of the intestinal epithelial cells represent, therefore, a special class of membrane components, most of which appear with differentiation, that are selectively localized in the luminal portion of the plasmalemma. In contrast with the marked differences in protein and glycoprotein patterns between the luminal membrane of villus and crypt cells, only minor differences were found between their lateral-basal membrane components: their protein patterns on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide slab gels, and the patterns of fucose-, mannose- and leucine-labelled components (analysed 3-4h after label administration) were very similar. Although the minor differences detected may be of importance, it appears that most of the surface-membrane changes accompanying cell differentiation in the intestinal epithelial cells are localized in the luminal portion of their surface membrane. PMID- 7305892 TI - Characterization of glycopeptides labelled from D-[2-3H]mannose and L-[6 3H]fucose in intestinal epithelial cell membranes during differentiation. AB - The labelled glycopeptides obtained by Pronase digestion of rat intestinal epithelial cell membranes were examined by gel filtration after injection of D-[2 3H]mannose and L-[6-3H]fucose. Three labelled fraction were eluted in the following order from Bio-Gel P-6, Fraction I, which was excluded from the gel, was labelled mostly with [3H]fucose and slightly with [3H]mannose. Fraction II contained "complex" asparagine-linked oligosaccharides since it was labelled with [3H]mannose and [3H]fucose, was stable to mild alkali treatment, and resistant to endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase H. Fraction III contained "high-mannose" asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, which were labelled with [3H]mannose, but not with [3H]fucose; these were sensitive to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and were adsorbed on concanavalin A-Sepharose and subsequently eluted with methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The time course of incorporation of [3H]mannose into these glycopeptides in microsomal fractions showed that high-mannose oligosaccharides were precursors of complex oligosaccharides. The rate of this processing was faster in rapidly dividing crypt cells than in differentiated villus cells. The ratio of radioactively labelled complex oligosaccharides to high-mannose oligosaccharides, 3h after [3H]mannose injection, was greater in crypt than in villus-cell lateral membranes. Luminal membranes of both crypt and villus cells were greatly enriched in labelled complex oligosaccharides compared with the labelling in lateral-basal membranes. These studies show that intestinal epithelial cells are polarized with respect to the structure of the asparagine linked oligosaccharides on their membrane glycoproteins. During differentiation of these cells quantitative differences in labelled membrane glycopeptides, But no major qualitative change, were observed. PMID- 7305895 TI - Random, presumably hydrolytic, and lysosomal glycogenolysis in the livers of rats treated with phlorizin and of newborn rats. AB - 1. The glycogen formed in the livers of adult rats was labelled by injection of [1-14C] galactose soon after initiation of re-feeding after starvation. The rats were anaesthetized 4h later and glycogenolysis was induced by giving them a mixture of glucagon and insulin. In confirmation of previous work [Devos & Hers (1979) Eur J. Biochem. 99, 161-167],, there was a delay in degradation of the labelled glycogen by comparison with total glycogen. This pattern is considered as characteristic of an ordered glycogenolysis. Treatment of rats with phlorizin abolished the difference between the fate of labelled and total glycogen, causing, therefore, a random glycogenolysis. 2. Foetal liver glycogen was made radioactive by injecting [14C] glucose into the mother at the 19.5 day of gestation, i.e. at the time when this glycogen starts to be synthesized. During the postnatal degradation of this glycogen, radioactive and total glycogen were degraded at approximately the same rate, indicating that glycogenolysis occurred at random. In contrast, when puromycin was injected into the newborn rats, there was a delay in he degradation of the labelled glycogen as compared with that of total glycogen, as currently observed in the normal adult liver. 3. These data are discussed in relation with the fact that glycogen-filled vacuoles are currently seen in the livers of adult rats treated with phlorizin, and also in the neonatal livers, and that puromycin is known to cause the disappearance of these autophagic pictures in the liver of newborn rats. It is suggested that random glycogenolysis occurs through hydrolysis by the lysosomal acid alpha glucosidase, in the course of autophagy. PMID- 7305893 TI - Reversible ATP-induced inactivation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase. AB - The branched chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase from rat skeletal muscle, heart, kidney and liver mitochondria can undergo a reversible activation-inactivation cycle in vitro. Similar results were obtained with the enzyme from kidney mitochondria of pig and cow. The dehydrogenase is markedly inhibited by ATP and the inhibition is not reversed by removing the nucleotide. The non-metabolizable ATP analogue adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido] triphosphate can block the effect of ATP when added with the nucleotide, but has no effect by itself, nor can it reverse the inhibition in mitochondria preincubated with ATP. These findings suggest that the branched chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase undergoes a stable modification that requires the splitting of the ATP gamma-phosphate group. In skeletal muscle mitochondria the rate of inhibition by ATP is decreased by oxo acid substrates and enhanced by NADH. The dehydrogenase can be reactivated 10-20 fold by incubation at pH 7.8 in a buffer containing Mg2+ and cofactors. Reactivation is blocked by NaF (25 mM). The initial activity of dehydrogenase extracted from various tissues of fed rats varies considerably. Activity is near maximal in kidney and liver whereas the dehydrogenase in heart and skeletal muscle is almost completely inactivated. These studies emphasize that comparisons of branched chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity under various physiological conditions or in different tissues must take into account its state of activation. Thus the possibility exists that the branched chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase may be physiologically regulated via a covalent mechanism. PMID- 7305894 TI - Effects of phenobarbital upon triacylglycerol metabolism in the rabbit. AB - 1. The association between hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and triacylglycerol metabolism was examined in fasting male rabbits (2kg body wt.) injected intra-peritoneally with 50 mg of phenobarbital per kg for 10 days. 2. Occurrence of enzyme induction was established by a significant increase in hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content, as well as a doubling of microsomal protein per g of liver and a 54% increase in liver weight. Parallel increments in hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity occurred; these were more pronounced in the whole homogenate than in the microsomes, which only accounted for 12.5% of the total enzyme activity in the controls and 17.0% in the animals given phenobarbital. Increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was also observed in the blood serum of the test animals. 3. The rabbits given phenobarbital manifested increased hepatic triacylglycerol content and the triacylglycerol concentration of blood serum was also elevated. These changes were accompanied by a significantly enhanced ability of cell-free fractions of liver from the test animals (postmitochondrial supernatant and microsomal fractions) to synthesize glycerolipids in vitro from sn-[14C] glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acids, when expressed per whole liver. Relative to the protein content of the fraction, glycerolipid synthesis in vitro was significantly decreased in the microsomes, presumably consequent upon the dramatic increase in their total protein content, whereas no change occurred in the postmitochondrial supernatant, possibly due to the protective effect of cytosolic factors present in this fraction and known to enhance glycerolipid synthesis. 4. Microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase accounted for 85% of the total liver activity of this enzyme and its specific activity was 20-fold higher than that of the cytosolic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.4), when each was measured under optimal conditions. A significant increase in the activity of both enzymes per whole liver occurred in the rabbits given phenobarbital. A closer correlation between hepatic triacylglycerol content and and microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, as well as the above observation, suggest that this, rather than the cytosolic enzyme, may be rate-limiting for triacylglycerol synthesis in rabbit liver. 5. Significant correlations were observed between the various factors of hepatic microsomal-enzyme induction (aminopyrine N-demethylase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity as well as cytochrome P-450 content) and hepatic triacylglycerol content, suggesting that that microsomal enzyme induction may promote hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis and consequently hypertriglyceridaemia in the rabbit. PMID- 7305896 TI - Effects of ionophores and metabolic inhibitors on the mitochondrial membrane potential within isolated hepatocytes as measured with the safranine method. AB - A difference spectrum with a peak of absorbance at 526nm appears slowly upon addition of valinomycin or KCN in combination with oligomycin to a hepatocyte suspension in the presence of safranine. When the cells are incubated at 37 degrees C in a medium containing safranine, a slow decrease in the absorbance occurs at the wavelength pair 524-484 nm. The change in absorbance is completed within 20-30 min after additions of cells to a medium containing safranine. At this time the safranine concentration of the outer medium is considerably decreased. The safranine signal is completely reversed by valinomycin, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone or KCN in combination with oligomycin. None of these treatments have any immediate effect on cellular ATP concentrations or the 36Cl- equilibrium potential across the plasma membrane. In the presence of iodoacetate a slow reversal of the trace can be induced upon addition of KCN, but not of oligomycin alone. Rotenone, in combination with oligomycin, does not reverse the safranine signal except when both KF and iodoacetate are present, in which case a slow reversal is seen. A subsequent addition of duroquinone brings back the signal to the same level as in the presence of rotenone alone. The results indicate that the spectral response of safranine in the presence of isolated hepatocytes is a result of a slow penetration of safranine into intracellular mitochondria, where aggregation of safranine molecules occurs as a response to the mitochondrial membrane potential. PMID- 7305897 TI - Effects of fructose on the energy metabolism and acid-base status of the perfused starved-rat liver. A 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - Fructose metabolism has been studied with 31P n.m.r. in perfused livers from rats starved for 48h. The time course of changes in liver ATP, Pi and sugar phosphate (fructose l-phosphate) concentrations, and intracellular pH were followed in each perfusion after infusion of fructose to give an initial concentration of either 5mM or 10mM. Rapid falls in the concentrations of ATP and Pi and intracellular pH occurred after infusion of fructose, reaching a minimum after 4-5 min, which was lower in the 10mM group than in the 5mM group. These changes were accompanied by a rapid rise in fructose 1-phosphate, reaching a plateau also after 4-5 min. At both concentrations of fructose, after the early falls, some recovery of ATP, Pi and intracellular pH occurred; this was complete for Pi and intracellular pH in the 5mM-fructose experiments (within 12-30 min). Complete restoration of ATP to the pre-fructose value was not achieved in either the 5mM of 10mM groups. Measurements of the uptake of lactate by the liver indicated that the fall in intracellular pH was caused primarily by production of protons accompanying the formation of lactate from fructose with possibly a transient contribution generated during the rise in fructose 1-phosphate. PMID- 7305899 TI - The mechanism of ammonia production and the effect of mechanical work load on proteolysis and amino acid catabolism in isolated perfused rat heart. AB - The effect of mechanical work load on net proteolysis, amino acid catabolism and ammonia production was studied in isolated perfused beating or K+-arrested hearts. Net proteolysis was about 16 mumol/g dry wt. during 1h and was not affected by the mechanical work. The combined catabolic rate of the major amino acids was 7.1 mumol/g dry wt. in the beating heart and 2.1 mumol/g dry wt. in the arrested heart during the 1 h experimental period. The main differences lay in the deamination of aspartate plus glutamate, which was inhibited by 60% during low energy consumption, and in net alanine synthesis, which was increased by 94%. The ammonia production plus its conversion into amide nitrogen was 9.2 and 3.4 mumol/g dry wt. in the beating and arrested heart respectively during 1 h. The decrease in the total adenine nucleotide pool during the 1 h perfusion was very low, 1.0 and 0.5 mumol/g dry wt. in the beating and arrested hearts respectively, and did not contribute significantly to ammonia production. Thus ammonia production is dependent on the cellular energy state, whereas net proteolysis is not. The maximal capacities of the purine nucleotide cycle and the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction towards deamination were much higher than the observed ammonia-production rates. The anaplerotic role of amino acid catabolism in the myocardium is discussed. PMID- 7305898 TI - Protein degradation in skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The rates of degradation of [3H]leucine-labelled proteins have been measured in cultures of skin fibroblasts obtained from normal controls (five subjects) and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (six subjects). Cultures were incubated with [3H]leucine (10 microCi/ml) for 60 min to label "short-lived" proteins, and with [3H]leucine (5 microCi/ml) for 60 h to label "long-lived" proteins. Optimal wash procedures were devised for removal of [3H]leucine from the extracellular space and from cell pools before beginning degradation measurements. Re utilization of [3H]leucine released from degraded labelled proteins was prevented by supplementing the medium with 4mM-leucine. Rates of degradation did not depend on the growth state of the cells or on cell age over the range used (passages eight-20). Degradation of long-lived proteins was approximately linear over a 24h period, at a rate of 1.0% per h. 30% of short-lived protein was degraded within 6h. No differences were observed between protein degradation in normal fibroblasts and in those from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7305900 TI - The effect of cycloheximide on the glycosylation of lactating-rabbit mammary glycoproteins. AB - 1. Cycloheximide inhibited immediately the incorporation of L-[4,5-3H]leucine and D-]2-3H]mannose into mammary proteins, suggesting that the mannosylation of mammary glycoproteins requires the continued supply of newly synthesized polypeptides. 2. The incorporation of radioactivity from N-acetyl-D-[1-14C] glucosamine into protein was not inhibited until approx. 30 min after cycloheximide addition. Much (greater than 90%) of this radioactivity was present as N-acetylgalactosamine. 3. N-Glycosylation appears to be inhibited immediately by cycloheximide due to a lack of newly synthesized acceptor polypeptides, whereas O-glycosylation continues for 30 min, the time taken for acceptor peptides to move from their site of synthesis to the Golgi region and for completion of glycosylation. 4. There was a transient increase in the incorporation of mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide in the presence of cycloheximide, followed by a decrease in the radioactivity in this fraction. 5. The major lipid-linked oligosaccharide extracted from explants incubated for 2h in the presence of cycloheximide (6-7 monosaccharide units) was smaller than that extracted from control explants (10-12 monosaccharide units). PMID- 7305901 TI - Hydroperoxide-induced chemiluminescence of the perfused lung. AB - Light-emission of the perfused lung is induced by t-butyl hydroperoxide, giving chemiluminescence yields that oscillate between 800 and 1500 counts/s depending on the site and position of the lung. The response of the perfused lung to infusion with different hydroperoxides gives a pattern similar to that observed with the liver microsomal fraction; ethyl hydroperoxide shows a much higher chemiluminescence yield than the tertiary (t-butyl and cumene)hydroperoxides. Alveolar oedema affected the light-emission of the perfused lung depending on the time at which oedema developed, decreasing light emission on infusion of hydroperoxide in the oedematous lung and increasing it when oedema appeared after the maximal chemiluminescence yield was already achieved. Paraquat, administered in vivo, augmented light-emission by approximately 2-fold. The effect of paraquat was a time-dependent process. Lung chemiluminescence, compared with liver chemiluminescence, needed higher hydroperoxide concentration to induce light emission. PMID- 7305902 TI - Protein degradation during terminal cytodifferentiation. Studies on mammary gland in organ culture. AB - 1. In mammary gland explants subjected to experimental manipulation, average rates (during 24 h periods) of degradation of fatty acid synthase, casein and cytosol-fraction proteins were measured by a double-isotope method. Rates of degradation of fatty acid synthase were also computed from measurements of changing enzyme amount and rate of synthesis. 2. During the period of most rapid enzyme accumulation there is a transient decrease in the computed rate of degradation of fatty acid synthase. Removal of hormones produces a rapid increase in the computed rate of degradation of the enzyme. 3. The average rate of degradation of fatty acid synthase measured by the double-isotope method is low in the presence of hormones, and increases on hormone removal. This increase in degradation rate is inhibited by adrenaline and further blocked by insulin. NH4Cl (10 mM) also partially inhibits the increase in protein degradation on hormone removal. 4. The pattern of changes in the average rate of degradation of cytosol fraction proteins is similar to that for fatty acid synthase alone. There is no relationship between subunit molecular weight and rate of degradation under all experimental conditions. 5. Isotope ratios for resolved cytosol protein mixtures are transformed logarithmically to make the standard deviations an estimate of heterogeneity of degradation rates. By this analysis, in some conditions there appears to be significant measureable heterogeneity of degradation rates. 6. Little degradation of casein is measured in the presence of hormones, but a marked increase in the rate of degradation can be measured when hormones are removed. Whereas at 24-48h NH4Cl (10 mM) has little effect on this enhanced rate of degradation, at 48-72h it causes a large decrease in degradation rate. 7. Results are discussed in terms of a two-component degradation system in mammary gland explants. PMID- 7305903 TI - Protein degradation in rat liver during post-natal development. AB - Protein degradation rates for liver subcellular and submitochondrial fractions from neonatal (8-day), weanling (25-day) and adult rats were estimated by the double-isotope method with NaH14CO3 and [3H] arginine as the radiolabelled precursors [Dice, Walker, Byrne & Cardiel (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2093-2097]. Decreased protein degradation rates were found during post-natal development for homogenate, nuclear, mitochondrial, lysosomal and microsomal proteins. A decrease in degradation rates for the immunoisolated subunits of monoamine oxidase and pyruvate dehydrogenase was also observed in neonatal and weanling rats respectively. The results suggest coordinate degradation of the subunits of the multi-subunit enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. Pyruvate dehydrogenase has a faster rate of degradation in adult rat liver than does cytochrome oxidase. Data analysis suggests heterogeneity of protein degradation rates in the mitochondrial outer membrane and intermembrane space fractions at each developmental stage but not in the mitochondrial inner membrane or matrix fractions. Results obtained for protein degradation rates in adult rat liver by the method of Burgess, Walker & Mayer [(1978) Biochem. J. 176, 919-926] in general confirmed the results obtained for the adult rat liver by the above method. No evidence of a subunit-size relationship for protein degradation was found for proteins in any subcellular or submitochondrial fraction. PMID- 7305905 TI - Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Halogenated muconic acids as intermediates. AB - Substituted muconic acids were prepared from the corresponding catechols by pyrocatechase II from Pseudomonas sp. B13. The stabilities of substituted muconic acids were compared under different pH conditions. 3-Substituted cis, cis-muconic acids cycloisomerized readily in slightly acidic solutions, whereas 2-chloro- and 2-fluoro-cis,cis-muconic acids were stable under these conditions and could be isolated as crystalline compounds. They were isomerized to the cis, trans-form in highly acidic solution (pH 1), particularly when heated to 80 degrees C. Cycloisomerization of 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid in 75% (v/v) H2SO4 yields 4 carboxymethyl-2-chloro-but-2-en-4-olide (4-chloro-2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-3H-furan-2 ylacetic acid). THe cis,cis-configuration of 2-chloromuconic acid was certified by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy and by enzymic cycloisomerization. Although the cis,cis configuration of 2-fluoromuconic acid was confirmed by corresponding spectroscopic data, it was not cycloisomerized by crude extracts or cycloisomerase II preparations from Pseudomonas sp. B13. PMID- 7305904 TI - Biochemical changes during reticulocyte maturation in culture. A comparison of genetically different sheep erythrocytes. AB - A simple culture technique was used to follow sheep reticulocyte maturation. Cells remained in good condition without lysis for at least 7 days and maintained normal intracellular ATP concentrations. Amino acid and nucleoside transport were measured during maturation together with changes in reduced glutathione (GSH), amino acid, K+ and Na+ concentrations. Reticulocytes of the genetic types high-K+ and low-K+, high-GSH and low-GSH; nucleoside-permeable and nucleoside-impermeable were indistinguishable both in transport properties and cellular constituents. Cell maturation was associated with marked decreases in L-alanine transport (Na+ dependent and independent), uridine transport and GSH and K+ concentrations. Typical mature-cell levels for all parameters were reached within the culture period, during which time predicted differences between cells of different genotypes became apparent. Loss of amino acid-transport activity from low-GSH cells was accompanied by an increase in intracellular ornithine and lysine concentrations. The rates at which different parameters changed during culture were compared. PMID- 7305906 TI - Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Conversion of chlorinated muconic acids into maleoylacetic acid. AB - 1. An enzyme for the cycloisomerization of 2- and 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid was isolated from 3-chlorobenzoate-grown cells of Pseudomonas sp. B13. It was named muconate cycloisomerase II, because it could it clearly be differentiated by its Km and Vmax. values from an ordinary muconate cycloisomerase, which functioned in benzoate catabolism and exhibited low activity with the chlorinated substrates. 2-Chloro-cis,cis-muconic acid was converted into trans- and 3-chloro cis,cis--muconic acid into cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide together with dehalogenation. 2. An enzyme was isolated from chlorobenzoate-grown cells, which converted the 4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olides into maleoylacetic acid. PMID- 7305907 TI - Rat embryonic and foetal erythrocytes. High 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and ATP and low oxygen affinity in vitro for nucleated embryonic cells. AB - Embryonic nucleated red cells of the rat have high ATP and 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate and relatively low oxygen affinity. During foetal life they are replaced by large non-nucleated red cells with high ATP, low bisphosphoglycerate and high oxygen affinity. After birth, small non-nucleated red cells with high bisphosphoglycerate and low oxygen affinity rapidly predominate. PMID- 7305908 TI - Transport of D-fructose and D-galactose into isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Transport of D-fructose and D-galactose across the plasma membrane of isolated rat hepatocytes was followed for the net entry of sugars into sugar-free cells at 20 degrees C. Initial rates of transport showed a Michaelis-Menten dependency on sugar concentration, and transport was inhibited by 3-O-methyl-D-glucose in the external medium. PMID- 7305909 TI - Effect of glucose on carbohydrate synthesis from alanine or lactate in hepatocytes from starved rats. AB - In hepatocytes from starved rats, 10mM-glucose suppressed in incorporation of 2mM labelled alanine into glucose+glycogen by more than 40%, whereas no inhibition was observed with labelled lactate as substrate. Addition of glycerol instead of glucose did not show this inhibition. The inhibitory effect could also be demonstrated in label-free experiments. PMID- 7305910 TI - Nuclear acceptor sites for androgen-receptor complexes in seminal-vesicle epithelium. AB - An assay method in vitro was developed and applied to quantify acceptor binding of steroid-receptor complexes in nuclei from isolated epithelium of guinea-pig seminal vesicle. Steroid-receptor complex prepared from 1-day-castrated animals was incubated with purified nuclei from 1-28 day-castrated animals in a medium containing 0.15 M-KCl. Free and bound steroid-receptor complexes were measured and the data were submitted to Scatchard analysis. With nuclei from 1-day castrated animals the Kd for binding of cytosolic [3H]dihydrotestosterone receptor complexes was found to be 0.83 X 10(-10) M and the capacity for binding was 0.35 pmol/mg of nuclear DNA. Scatchard analysis consistently disclosed only a single line of constant slope and gave the same kinetic constants for nuclei obtained from animals castrated up to 28 days before assay. Administration of 2 mg of dihydrotestosterone, 3 alpha-androstanediol or androsterone or 100 microgram of oestradiol-17 beta 1 h before killing of the 1-day-castrated animals that provided the nuclei resulted in a significant decrease in nuclear acceptor binding of the steroid-receptor complex compared with untreated animals. Thus our assay method disclosed nuclear acceptor sites that may be involved in responses to androgens (and oestrogens) in vivo. We conclude that there is a class of nuclear accept or sites of high affinity and limited capacity that may be occupied by steroid-receptor complexes in vivo. PMID- 7305911 TI - Albumin associated with purified pig lymphocyte plasma membrane. AB - Plasma-membrane preparations purified from pig lymphocytes contained a major polypeptide component of mol.wt. about 68 000. This component was identified as pig albumin by the following comparisons with authentic pig serum albumin: (a) co migration when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under reducing and non-reducing conditions; (b) identical isoelectric points; (c) similar "fingerprints" of arginine-containing tryptic peptides; (d) reactivity with anti-(pig albumin) serum. The albumin was bound tightly to the plasma membrane. Biosynthetic labelling of pig lymphocytes under a variety of conditions failed to provide evidence that albumin was synthesized by lymphocytes, suggesting that the plasma-membrane-associated albumin was of extraneous origin. Radiolabelled pig serum albumin, however, failed to bind to the plasma-membrane fraction when added before cell disruption. Although lymphocyte plasma membrane preparations from other species possessed a polypeptide of about 68 000 mol.wt., this was judged not to be albumin on the basis of electrophoretic mobility under non-reducing conditions; also, no polypeptide was precipitated by anti-albumin sera. It is concluded that pig lymphocyte plasma-membrane preparations possess albumin which, although firmly attached, was probably of extraneous origin. This association appeared not to be common to lymphocytes from other species. PMID- 7305913 TI - The use of tritiated water to measure absolute rates of hepatic glycogen synthesis. AB - Glucogen synthesis in rat liver in vivo was measured by the incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into glycogen. In meal-fed rats incorporation and the incorporation of 3H into glycogen was linear up to 100 min. Before feeding glycogen concentration and the incorporation of 3H were both low; and both rose on feeding to give maximal values after 2-3h. The glycogen concentration was maintained for a further 5h but the incorporation of 3H rapidly declined to pre-feeding values. This shows that glycogen turnover was low in the post-prandial rat. Streptozotocin diabetes decreased the rise in glycogen concentration on feeding and had a similar effect on 3H2O incorporation. Both effects were reversed by insulin administration. The number of 3H atoms incorporated per glycogen glucose moiety formed in biosynthetic experiments (2.84 +/- 0.47) was relatively constant and allowed absolute biosynthetic rates to be calculated. Degradation of glucose from glycogen labelled by 3H2O showed that most of the 3H was located at C-2 and C-5. The incorporation would arise by rapid equilibration of hexose phosphates through phosphoglucose isomerase, transaldolase and triose phosphate isomerase. PMID- 7305912 TI - Role of propylamine transferases in hormone-induced stimulation of polyamine biosynthesis. AB - The effect of various hormones on the activities of the four enzymes engaged with the biosynthesis of the polyamines has been investigated in the rat. Human choriogonadotropin induced a dramatic, yet transient, stimulation of l-ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity in rat ovary, with no or only marginal changes in the activities of S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50), spermidine synthase (aminopropyltransferase; EC 2.5.1.16) or spermine synthase. A single injection of oestradiol into immature rats maximally induced uterine ornithine decarboxylase at 4h after the injection. This early stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity was accompanied by a distinct enhancement of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity and a decrease in the activities of spermidine synthase and spermine synthase. In the seminal vesicle of castrated rats, testosterone treatment elicited a striking and persistent stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities. The activity of spermidine synthase likewise rapidly increased between the first and the second day after the commencement of the hormone treatment, whereas the activity of spermine synthase remained virtually unchanged during the whole period of observation. Testosterone-induced changes in polyamine formation in the ventral prostate were comparable with those found in the seminal vesicle, with the possible exception of a more pronounced stimulation of spermidine synthase activity. It thus appears that an enhancement in one or both of the propylamine transferase (aminopropyltransferase) activities in response to hormone administration is an indicator of hormone-dependent growth (uterus and the male accessory sexual glands), and is not necessarily associated with non proliferative hormonal responses, such as gonadotropin-induced luteinization of the ovarian tissue. PMID- 7305914 TI - The transport and accumulation of adenine nucleotides during mitochondrial biogenesis. AB - The atractyloside-insensitive accumulation of adenine nucleotides by rat liver mitochondria (as opposed to the exchange-diffusion catalysed by the adenine nucleotide translocase) has been measured by using the luciferin/luciferase assay as well as by measuring [14C]ATP uptake. In foetal rat liver mitochondria ATP is accumulated more rapidly than ADP, whereas AMP is not taken up. The uptake of ATP occurs against a concentration gradient, and the rate of ATP uptake is greater in foetal than in adult rat liver mitochondria. The accumulated [14C]ATP is shown to be present within the mitochondrial matrix space and is freely available to the adenine nucleotide translocase for exchange with ATP present in the external medium. The uptake is specific for ATP and ADP and is not inhibited by adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido] triphosphate, GTP, CTP, cyclic AMP or Pi, whereas dATP and AMP do inhibit ATP accumulation. The ATP accumulation is also inhibited by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, KCN and mersalyl but is insensitive to atractyloside. The ATP uptake is concentration-dependent and exhibits Michaelis Menten kinetics. The divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+ greatly enhance ATP accumulation, and the presence of hexokinase inhibits the uptake of ATP by foetal rat liver mitochondria. These latter effects provide an explanation for the low adenine nucleotide content of foetal rat liver mitochondria and the rapid increase that occurs in the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide concentration in vivo immediately after birth. PMID- 7305915 TI - Variability of mammalian liver nuclear-envelope preparations. AB - The composition, density and enzymic activities of sheep liver nuclear-envelope preparations were found to vary markedly according to the concentrations of nuclei during the lysis stage. The effect of nuclear concentration on the properties of the purified envelopes could not be attributed to bound Mg2+ or to other ions, and appeared to result from some component of the nucleus which was not eluted during lysis. The implications of these findings for studies on the nuclear envelope are discussed. PMID- 7305916 TI - The covalent-binding reaction of complement component C3. AB - The complement protein C3, when activated by limited proteolysis, forms a short lived reactive intermediate fragment, 'nascent' C3b, which is known to bind covalently to certain surfaces. The characteristics of the covalent binding reaction have been studied by using Sepharose-trypsin as a combined proteolytic activator and binding surface for C3. Binding of C3 to Sepharose-trypsin is saturable, with a maximum of 25-26 molecules of C3b bound per molecule of trypsin. A minimum life-time of about 60 microseconds for the reactive intermediate has been calculated from binding of C3 at saturation. Initial binding efficiencies of over 30% can be obtained at physiological pH and ionic strength. The efficiency of C3 binding to Sepharose-trypsin decreases as pH increases and also shows a slight decline at high ionic strength. The covalent binding of C3 to Sepharose-trypsin can be inhibited by a range of oxygen and nitrogen nucleophiles. Activation of C3 in the presence of radioactive forms of four such nucleophiles, phenylhydrazine, methylamine, glycerol and glucosamine results in apparent covalent incorporation of the nucleophile into the C3d fragment of C3. The quantity of radioactive nucleophile bound can be predicted from the observed potency of the nucleophile as an inhibitor of the binding of C3 to Sepharose-trypsin. The radioactive nucleophiles may be considered as 'active site' labels for C3. PMID- 7305917 TI - Autolytic fragmentation of complement components C3 and C4 under denaturing conditions, a property shared with alpha 2-macroglobulin. AB - The alpha polypeptide chain of the complement protein C3 splits into two fragments of 74 000 and 46 000 apparent mol.wt. under certain conditions used to prepare the protein for SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate)/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The cleavage reaction occurs over a wide range of temperatures and from pH 4.6 to 10.6 in the presence of denaturants such as urea, SDS and guanidine hydrochloride. It is also induced by heat-denaturation of C3 in the absence of chemical denaturants. The reaction occurs only with haemolytically active C3, and is not observed with hydroxylamine-inactivated C3 or with C3b. A similar cleavage of the alpha-chain of complement component C4 occurs under the same conditions, forming fragments of 53 000 and 41 000 apparent mol.wt. This reaction is again specific for haemolytically active C4, and does not occur with C4b or hydroxylamine-inactivated C4. The complement component C5, although structurally similar to C3 and C4, does not undergo a reaction of this type. The characteristics of the denaturation-induced cleavage of C3 and C4 match those described for the 'heat-induced' cleavage of alpha 2-macroglobulin [Harpel, Hayes & Hugli (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 8669-8678]. Cleavage of alpha 2-macroglobulin is also specific for the active form of the protein, and does not occur with chemically inactivated or proteinase-cleaved forms. The unusual conditions and specificity of the peptide-bond cleavage in all three proteins suggest that it is an autolytic process rather than being the result of trace proteinase contamination. The active forms of C3, C4 and alpha 2-macroglobulin have the transient ability to form covalent bonds after activation. The autolytic cleavage reaction is likely to be related to the covalent-bond-forming reactions of these proteins. PMID- 7305919 TI - Dynamic modulation of mitochondrial inner-membrane lipids in rat heart by dietary fat. AB - A novel longitudinal feeding design was used to investigate the controlling influence of dietary fatty acids on the dynamic incorporation of fatty-acyl chains into phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin in inner membrane of cardiac mitochondria. Rats were fed a polyunsaturated-fatty acid-rich oil (soya-bean oil) for 12 days, crossed-over to a monounsaturated fatty-acid-rich oil (rapeseed oil) for the next 11 days, then returned to soya bean oil for 11 more days. Additional rats were fed either soya-bean oil or rapeseed oil only throughout. Rats were killed serially. Regression analysis was used to represent longitudinal flux in membrane lipid fatty-acid composition occurring with change in dietary fat. The fatty-acid composition of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin was influenced by dietary oil in a reversible way. Maximal diet influence was achieved in the 11 day cross-over period. Soya-bean oil to rapeseed oil cross-over caused the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin to resemble that of rats fed rapeseed oil only. These changes were reversed by crossing back to soya-bean oil, indicating the dynamic state and short half-life of membrane phospholipid fatty-acyl chains. This report demonstrates for the first time in the whole animal fed diets adequate in all nutrients that subcellular membrane lipids rapidly respond to change in dietary fatty-acid balance. The system may be used to assess in vivo the significance of dietary fat in determining membrane physicochemical properties and biochemical functions. PMID- 7305918 TI - Isolation and characterization of dermatan sulphate proteoglycans from bovine sclera. AB - 1. Proteoglycans were extracted from sclera with 4 M-guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of proteinase inhibitors and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and density-gradient centrifugation. 2. The entire proteoglycan pool was characterized by compositional analyses and by specific chemical (periodate oxidation) and enzymic (chondroitinases) degradations. The glycan moieties of the molecules were exclusively galactosaminoglycans (dermatan sulphate-chondroitin sulphate co-polymers). In addition, the preparations contained small amounts of oligosaccharides. 3. The scleral proteodermatan sulphates were fractionated into one larger (I) and one smaller (II) component by gel chromatography. Proteoglycan I was eluted in a more excluded position on gel chromatography in 0.5 M-sodium acetate than in 4.0 M-guanidine hydrochloride. Reduced and alkylated proteoglycan I was eluted in the same position (in 0.5 M-sodium acetate) as was the starting material (in 4.0 M-guanidine hydrochloride). The elution position of proteoglycan II was the same in both solvents. Proteoglycans I and II had s0 20,w values of 2.8 x 10(-13) and 2.2 x 10(-13) s respectively in 6.0 M-guanidine hydrochloride. 4. The two proteoglycans differed with respect to the nature of the protein core and the co-polymeric structure of their side chains. Also proteoglycan I contained more side chains than did proteoglycan II. The dermatan sulphate side chains of proteoglycan I were D-glucuronic acid-rich (80%), whereas those of proteoglycan II contained equal amounts of D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid. Furthermore, the co-polymeric features of the side chains of proteoglycans I and II were different. The protein core of proteoglycan I was of larger size than that of proteoglycan II. The latter had an apparent molecular weight of 46 000 (estimated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis), whereas the former was greater than 100 000. In addition, the amino-acid composition of the two core preparations was different. 5. As proteoglycan I altered its elution position on gel chromatography in 4 M-guanidine hydrochloride compared with 0.5 M-sodium acetate it is proposed that a change in conformation or a disaggregation took place. If the latter hypothesis is favoured, aggregation may be due to self-association or mediated by an extrinsic molecule, e.g. hyaluronic acid. PMID- 7305920 TI - Kinetic analysis of myoglobin autoxidation by isoelectric-focusing electrophoresis. AB - The autoxidation of horse myoglobin was studied in the presence or absence of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and/or superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) at various pH values (6.6-7.8). Changes in the percentages of oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin during the reaction were analysed by means of isoelectric focusing on Ampholine gel plates. Oxymyoglobin was decreased in a first-order manner, with an accompanying increase in metmyoglobin, under the various conditions studied. The observed reaction rate constants obtained under these conditions were pH dependent; however, they were also greatly affected by the presence of the enzymes. The pH-dependence of the overall reaction was explained by the acid-base three-state model of myoglobin proposed by Shikama & Sugawara [(1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 91, 407-413]. The reaction process of myoglobin autoxidation was explained by the model suggested by Winterbourn, McGrath & Carrell [(1976) Biochem. J. 155, 493-502], indicating that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are involved in the reaction mechanism. PMID- 7305921 TI - Distribution of receptor sites on large glycoprotein molecules by electron microscopy. Application to epiglycanin. AB - Electron microscopy was used to map the loci of immunochemically active sites on individual glycoprotein molecules. The positions of specific galactose residues and asparagine-linked carbohydrate chains containing specific mannose residues in epiglycanin, a glycoprotein of extended conformation from the surface of TA3 mouse mammary tumour cells, were observed in complexes with Ricinus communis toxin and concanavalin A respectively. The maximum number of Ricinus communis toxin molecules attached to a single epiglycanin molecule was 23, and the average number was 16. Only one concanavalin A molecule was observed attached to any epiglycanin molecule, and this at one end of the molecule, suggesting the presence of only one receptor for this lectin. By means of this new approach for mapping specific residues, evidence has been obtained that suggests microheterogeneity in epiglycanin with respect to the locations of carbohydrate chains containing receptors for Ricinus communis toxin. PMID- 7305922 TI - The preparation and characterization of locust vitellogenin messenger RNA and the synthesis of its complementary DNA. AB - Poly(A)+ (polyadenylated) RNA was isolated from vitellogenic female-locus fat body by LiCl/urea extraction and poly(U)-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Agarose-gel electrophoresis of this poly(A)+ RNA under denaturing conditions shows the presence of a high-molecular-weight species (greater than 31 S, 7100 nucleotides) as the major species, which is absent from the RNA prepared from male-locust fat-body. Inclusion of this poly(A)+ RNA in a mRNA-dependent reticulocyte-lysate system directs the synthesis of polypeptides that could be immunoprecipitated with monospecific antibodies against locust egg vitellin. DNA complementary (cDNA) to the poly(A)+ RNA was synthesized, and back-hybridization of the cDNA to its template reveals a major abundant species comprising about 45% of the total poly(A)+ RNA hybridizing with R0t 1/2 of 2 x 10(-2) mol . litre-1 . s. Abundant cDNA isolated from the total cDNA hybridizes to poly(A)+ RNA with a R0t 1/2 of 9 x 10(-3) mol . litre-1 . s. There are 9.1 x 10(3) copies of vitellogenin mRNA per cell of vitellogenic female-locust fat-body, comprising 55% of the poly(A)+ RNA and equivalent to 0.7% of total cellular RNA. PMID- 7305923 TI - Inactivation of delta 5-3-oxo steroid isomerase with active-site-directed acetylenic steroids. AB - Several steroid analogues containing conjugated acetylenic ketone groups as part of a seco-ring structure or as substituents on the intact steroid system are irreversible inhibitors of delta 5-3-oxo steroid isomerase (EC 5.3.3.1) from Pseudomonas testosteroni. Thus 10 beta-(1-oxoprop-2-ynyl)oestr-4-ene-3,17-dione (I), 5,10-seco-oestr-4-yne-3,10,17-trione (II), 17 beta-hydroxy-5,10-seco-oestr-4 yne-3,10-dione (III) and 17 beta-(1-oxoprop-2-ynyl)androst-4-en-3-one (IV) irreversibly inactivate isomerase in a time-dependent manner. In all cases saturation kinetics are observed. Protection against inactivation is afforded by the powerful competitive inhibitor 19-nortestosterone. The inhibition constants (Ki) for 19-nortestosterone obtained from such experiments are in good agreement with those determined from conventional competitive-inhibition studies of enzyme activity. These compounds thus appear to be active-site directed. In every case the inactivated enzyme could be dialysed without return of activity, indicating that a stable covalent bond probably had formed between the steroid and enzyme. Compound (I) is a very potent inhibitor of isomerase [Ki = 66.0 microM and k+2 = 12.5 x 10(-3) s-1 (where Ki is the dissociation constant of the reversible enzyme inhibitor complex and k+2 is the rate constant for the inactivation reaction of the enzyme-inhibitor complex)] giving half-lives of inactivation of 30-45 s at saturation. It is argued that the basic-amino-acid residue that abstracts the intramolecularly transferred 4 beta-proton in the reaction mechanism could form a Michael-addition product with compound (I). In contrast, although compound (IV) has a lower inhibition constant (Ki = 14.5 microM), it is a relatively poor alkylating agent (k+2 = 0.13 x 10(-3) s-1). If the conjugated acetylenic ketone groups are replaced by alpha-hydroxyacetylene groups, the resultant analogues of steroids (I)-(IV) are reversible competitive inhibitors with Ki values in the range 27-350 microM. The enzyme binds steroids in the C19 series with functionalized acetylenic substituents at C-17 in preference to steroids in the C18 series bearing similar groups in the ring structure or as C-10 substituents. In the 5,10-seco-steroid series the presence of hydroxy groups at both C-3 and C 17 is deleterious to binding by the enzyme. PMID- 7305924 TI - Isomyosins in human type 1 and type 2 skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Human myosin from different skeletal muscles was analysed in a non-denaturing gel system, and the isoenzyme composition correlated with the histochemical composition of the muscle. Two components (SM1 and SM2) were associated with type 1 (slow-twitch) fibres, and three (FM1, FM2 and FM3) with type 2 (fast-twitch) fibres. Light-chain analysis was performed in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. There are three light chains (LCs1a, LCS1b and LCs2) in type 1 fibres, and three (LCf1, LCf2 and LCf3) in type 2 fibres. LCf1 and LCs1b co-migrate in sodium dodecyl sulphate gels. The ratio of LCf3/LCf2 is correlated with the distribution of the individual fast isoenzymes. These results explain apparent discrepancies in the literature concerning the light-chain distribution of human myosin. PMID- 7305926 TI - Properties of methyl acetimidate and its use as a protein-modifying reagent. AB - The rate of hydrolysis of the imido ester methyl acetimidate and its rate of amidination of denatured aldolase were investigated under different conditions of temperature, pH and ionic strength. Both rate constants increase greatly with temperature, whereas ionic strength has no effect on either. The effect of pH is more complex. Between pH 6.8 and 8.8 the rate of hydrolysis decreases and the rate of amidination increases. These results are discussed in terms of the reaction mechanisms involved. PMID- 7305925 TI - Kinetic and physical properties of the L-malate-NAD+ oxidoreductase from Methanospirillum hungatii and comparison with the enzyme from other sources. AB - The L-malate-NAD+ oxidoreductase of Methanospirillum hungatii was purified to homogeneity by using Blue Sepharose and ADP-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The molecular weight was estimated as 61 700 +/- 1900 by gel filtration and 64 200 +/- 1200 by ultracentrifugation. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated that the protein is composed of two polypeptide chains, each corresponding to 31 350 +/- 2150 daltons. Inhibition patterns obtained for malate, alpha-oxoglutarate and ADP established that the sequential reaction mechanism was ordered, with NADH serving as the first substrate. Intracellular concentrations of oxaloacetate approximated the Km value of 27 microM, but NADH was present at less than Km values. Comparison of the amino-acid composition of the L-malate-NAD+ oxidoreductase of M. hungatii and 22 others from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells revealed a significant direct relationship between average hydrophobicity and the frequency of non-polar side chains, as well as a significant indirect relationship between average hydrophobicity and the polarity ratio. Calculations based on amino-acid-composition data indicated significant composition similarity between pairs of mammalian-cytoplasmic or pairs of mitochondrial L-malate-NAD+ oxidoreductases from various sources, but no significant composition similarity between any of the pairs of bacterial species examined. PMID- 7305927 TI - Comparative studies on amniotic fluid and plasma fibronectins. AB - Human fibronectin was isolated from second-trimester amniotic fluid, from amniotic fluid obtained at term and from adult plasma. The amniotic-fluid fibronectins had a slightly higher apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis than the plasma fibronectin. Early- and late-amniotic-fluid fibronectin had 9.5 and 9.6% carbohydrate respectively, whereas plasma fibronectin had 5.8%. The amniotic-fluid fibronectins had similar mannose and sialic acid contents to plasma fibronectin, but greater amounts of glucosamine, galactosamine, galactose and fucose. There were no detectable differences in the amino-acid composition of amniotic-fluid and plasma fibronectins, and the patterns of peptides obtained after tryptic digestion of fibronectin from the two sources showed extensive similarities. Fibronectins from plasma and amniotic fluid were equally active in promoting cell attachment and were immunologically indistinguishable. These results show that fibronectin from amniotic fluid is more heavily glycosylated than plasma fibronectin or previously analysed fibronectins from cultured fibroblasts. The observed differences in glycosylation may be related to cell type and/or stage of development. PMID- 7305929 TI - Deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Computation of the probabilities of obtaining complex curves from simple kinetic schemes. AB - 1. It is possible to calculate the intrinsic probability associated with any curve shape that is allowed for rational functions of given degree when the coefficients are independent or dependent random variables with known probability distributions. 2. Computations of such probabilities are described when the coefficients of the rational function are generated according to several probability distribution functions and in particular when rate constants are varied randomly for several simple model mechanisms. 3. It is concluded that each molecular mechanism is associated with a specific set of curve-shape probabilities, and this could be of value in discriminating between model mechanisms. 4. It is shown how a computer program can be used to estimate the probability of new complexities such as extra inflexions and turning points as the degree of rate equations increases. 5. The probability of 3 : 3 rate equations giving 2 : 2 curve shapes is discussed for unrestricted coefficients and also for the substrate-modifier mechanisms. 6. The probability associated with the numerical values of coefficients in rate equations is also calculated for this mechanism, and a possible method for determining the approximate magnitude of product-release steps is given. 7. The computer programs used in the computations have been deposited as Supplement SUP 50113 (21 pages) with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem, J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 7305928 TI - The effect of polyamines on the poly(adenylic acid)-induced inhibition of ribonuclease activity. AB - Segments of poly(A) at the 3'-termini of 5 S rRNA inhibit the activities of ribonucleases from Citrobacter, Enterobacter, bovine pancreas, human spleen and human plasma. Certain polyamines, or compounds containing polyamine substructures, mediate reversal of this inhibition. Effective compounds contain three amino groups, at least two of which are charged and are separated from the others by no less than three carbon atoms. Spermidine and 9-aminoacridines, which contain substituted propyl- or butylamino moieties at the 9-amino position and which bear two positive charges per molecule, are efficacious at low concentrations (5 microM). A decrease in effectiveness is associated with the removal of one aromatic ring from the 9-aminoacridines. However, the resulting 4 aminoquinolines, unlike the acridines, do not inhibit enzyme activity when present in concentrations above 30 microM. Relocating the diamino side chain from the 4- to the 8-position of the quinoline nucleus causes a decrease in charge density to +1, with the result that such compounds are ineffective. The orders of polyamine efficacy of reversal of inhibition were similar for enzymes from Citrobacter, bovine pancreas, and human plasma, and paralleled the order of binding of polyamines to either poly(A) or 5 S rRNA. This was not the case with Enterobacter and human spleen RNAases, indicating that the identity of the most effective polyamines depends on the RNAase studied. The combination of variable 3'-terminal poly(A) segment length and polyamine identity and concentration constitutes a system by which RNAase activities, and, therefore, substrate degradation rates, may be easily varied. PMID- 7305930 TI - Biophysical characterization of Artemia salina (L.) extracellular haemoglobins. AB - Sedimentation coefficients (s0 20,w) of 11.57 +/- 0.10 S and 11.52 +/- 0.09 S were assigned for Artemia salina (L.) extracellular haemoglobins II and III respectively. These values are not significantly different. The molecular weights, M0w and M0z, of the native haemoglobins as determined by the high-speed sedimentation-equilibrium method were for haemoglobin II 239 400 +/- 7200 and 240 400 +/- 2600 respectively, and for haemoglobin III 216 300 +/- 6500 and 219 300 +/- 4500 respectively. The observed increase of Mapp. with concentration suggested that association was occurring over the concentration range investigated. Exposure of haemoglobin II to either 6 M-guanidinium chloride or to low pH (pH 4) resulted in dissociation to units of approximately half the size of the native protein, with molecular weights approx. 115 000. Electron-microscopic observations indicated a molecular structure composed of two stacked lobed discs. These results strongly support the dimeric model for Artemia haemoglobins proposed by Moens & Kondo [(1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 82, 65-72]. PMID- 7305931 TI - Tissue distribution and subunit structures of the multiple forms of glutathione S transferase in the rat. AB - A study of the subunit structures of the multiple forms of glutathione S transferase in rat kidney, testis, lung and spleen is shown to be consistent with a proteolytic model for the generation of the multiple forms. PMID- 7305932 TI - 9-Aminoacridine as a fluorescent probe of the electrical diffuse layer associated with the membranes of plant mitochondria. AB - 1. Mitochondria from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers and Arum maculatum spadices caused a quenching of the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine when mixed in a low-cation medium (approximately 1 mM-K+) and addition of chelators further decreased the fluorescence. Salts released the quenching of the 9 aminoacridine fluorescence and the efficiency of the release appeared to be mainly dependent on the valency of the cation (C3+ greater than C2+ greater than C+). 2. The results are consistent with the theory of charge screening and demonstrate that 9-aminoacridine is a convenient probe of the behaviour of cations on the membranes of mitochondria and in the diffuse layer associated with these membranes. 3. The concentration of salt required to achieve half-maximal release of quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence was proportional to the concentration of mitochondria in the solution and theoretical considerations show this effect to be inherent in the Gouy-Chapman theory. 4. 9-Aminoacridine was removed from the bulk of the solution by the mitochondria to a far greater extent than was Na+ or K+, which is suggested to be due to the formation of bi- and poly valent cations by aggregation of 9-aminoacridine molecules in the diffuse layer. This would have implications for the use of 9-aminoacridine to determine delta pH across membranes. 5. Jerusalem-artichoke mitochondria removed from 9 aminoacridine and Ca2+ from the bulk of the solution and required more ions to screen the membranes than did an equal concentration (mg of protein/ml) of Arum mitochondria, indicating that Jerusalem-artichoke mitochondria contain more negative charges per mg of protein. PMID- 7305933 TI - Double-label reductive methylation of tissue proteins for precision two dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretic analysis. AB - Reductive methylation has been used to radioactively label crude-extract proteins with 3H or 14C. The procedure achieved good isotope incorporation and resolution of proteins on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. It allows high-precision comparison of tissue samples by double-labelling and should facilitate the study of tissue proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7305934 TI - A novel procedure for the rapid purification of plastocyanin from pea (Pisum sativum) leaves. AB - Plastocyanin is soluble at high concentrations (greater than 3 M) of (NH4)2SO4 but under these conditions will adsorb tightly to unsubstituted Sepharose beads. This observation was utilized to purify plastocyanin from pea (Pisum sativum) in two chromatographic steps. Sepharose-bound plastocyanin was eluted with low-ionic strength buffer and subsequently purified to homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. PMID- 7305935 TI - Isolation and characterization of a major glycoprotein from milk-fat-globule membrane of human breast milk. AB - A major periodate--Schiff-positive component from milk-fat-globule membrane of human breast milk has been purified by selectively extracting the membrane glycoproteins, followed by lectin affinity chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in the presence of protein-dissociating agents. The purified glycoprotein, termed epithelial membrane glycoprotein (EMGP-70), has an estimated mol.wt. of 70 000 and yields a single band under reducing conditions on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The glycoprotein contains 13.5% carbohydrate by weight, with fucose, mannose, galactose, N acetylglucosamine and sialic acid 17.2, 17.0, 21.1, 7.9 and 36.6% respectively of the carbohydrate moiety. Aspartic and glutamic acid and serine are the major amino acid residues. PMID- 7305936 TI - The penicillin-binding site in the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Actinomadura R39. AB - Heat denaturation and Pronase degradation of the complex previously formed between benzylpenicillin and the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase of Actinomadura R39 yields a heptapeptide H-Leu-Pro-Ala-Ser-Asn-Gly-Val-OH, where the benzylpenicilloyl group is ester-linked to the serine residue. This linkage is very labile and its hydrolysis causes the release of benzylpenicilloate. In contrast, the native benzylpenicilloyl-enzyme complex is very stable (half-life 70 h at 37 degrees C) and its breakdown proceeds via fragmentation of the bound benzylpenicilloyl group [Fuad, Frere, Ghuysen, Duez & Iwatsubo (1976) Biochem. J. 155, 623-629]. PMID- 7305937 TI - Changes in the characteristics and distribution of ferritin in iron-loaded cell cultures. AB - When Chang liver cells are grown in an iron-rich medium for up to 20 weeks, iron loading up to 50 times the normal cellular iron content may be obtained, although ferritin increases only to about 10 times normal. Ferritin has been isolated from such cells, and the isoferritin pattern found on elution from DEAE-Sephadex A-50 by increasing chloride concentrations has been used as a basis for studying changes in the properties of ferritin under conditions of cellular loading. A consistent shift of peak ferritin-elution position to higher chloride concentrations (lower pI) occurs when cells are loaded with ferric nitrilotriacetate for increasing lengths of time. A change in immunoreactivity also takes place on loading, the ratio of ferritin reacting with heart and spleen ferritin antibodies increasing at any particular value of pI. Cells were pulse labelled with [59Fe]ferric nitrilotriacetate and [3H]leucine followed by non radioactive iron in the same form. During the 72 h after the synthesis of new protein and its incorporation of iron, there is a slight acid shift in its isoelectric point. This effect is seen in both normal and loaded cells, with the whole spectrum being shifted towards lower pI in the loaded state. These findings suggest that the shift to more acidic ferritins on iron loading and the associated changes in antigenicity may be unrelated to subunit composition. PMID- 7305938 TI - The chemical reactivity of the histidine-195 residue in lactate dehydrogenase thiomethylated at the cysteine-165 residue. AB - The specific thiomethylation of cysteine-165 (insertion of a methylthio group, CH3-S-) in pig heart lactate dehydrogenase results in a decreased affinity for carbonyl ligands that is accompanied by a decreased nucleophilic reaction of histidine-195 with diethyl pyrocarbonate. The rate constants at 10 degrees C for the modification of native and thiomethylated lactate dehydrogenase by diethyl pyrocarbonate were 173 M-1 . s-1 and 8.7 M-1 . s-1 respectively. It was found that 0.86 +/- 0.07 histidine residue per subunit reacted with diethyl pyrocarbonate in thiomethylated lactate dehydrogenase. This reaction was not affected in the enzyme-NADH binary complex, but was diminished in the enzyme-NADH oxamate ternary complex. In the enzyme-NADH complex the reaction of diethyl pyrocarbonate was controlled by two groups with pKa 6.8 and 7.9. The decreased reactivity of histidine-195 was selective in thiomethylated lactate dehydrogenase, since the reactivity of arginine and/or lysine residues was enhanced. PMID- 7305939 TI - Studies of pyruvate-water isotope exchange catalysed by erythrocytes and proteins. AB - Erythrocyte suspensions in buffer made with 2H2O catalyse the exchange of pyruvate protons. This process can be easly observed by spin-echo proton magnetic resonance. The dominant exchange process is shown to be due to the formation of Schiff-base links between pyruvate and amino groups of haemoglobin. Other proteins with free alpha-amino groups also catalyse the exchange. The pH* dependence of the exchange rate due to hen-egg-white-lysozyme reflects the dissociation of the alpha-amino group. PMID- 7305940 TI - Binding to antithrombin of heparin fractions with different molecular weights. AB - The interaction between bovine antithrombin, a plasma proteinase inhibitor, and heparin species of different molecular weights was studied. A commercial heparin preparation was divided by gel chromatography into a number of fractions with average molecular weights ranging from 6000 to 34700. Each of these fractions was further fractionated by affinity chromatography on matrix-bound antithrombin. In the latter procedure, those heparin fractions that had molecular weights lower than about 14000 were separated into three peaks. The material in the first of these was not adsorbed on the column, and the other two peaks corresponded to the low-affinity and high-affinity peaks described previously. In contrast, high molecular-weight heparin samples gave only the low-affinity and high-affinity fractions. U.v. difference absorption studies showed that the non-adsorbed heparin fraction bound to antithrombin in solution with a binding constant at physiological ionic strength only slightly lower than that of low-affinity heparin. The division between the two fractions thus is arbitrary and only dependent on the conditions selected for the affinity-chromatography experiment. Stoicheiometries and binding constants for the binding of several high-affinity heparin species to antithrombin were determined by fluorescence titrations. High affinity heparin fractions of equal elution positions in the beginning of the peaks of the affinity chromatographies, but with different molecular weights, showed stoicheiometries that were not experimentally distinguishable from 1:1 and also had no appreciable differences in binding constants. However, the anticoagulant activities, calculated on a molar basis, of these fractions increased markedly with molecular weight, a behaviour that thus cannot be explained by differences in the binding of the fractions to antithrombin. In contrast, high-affinity samples of similar molecular weights, which were eluted at increasing ionic strengths from matrix-linked antithrombin, were found to have an increasing proportion of chains with two binding sites for antithrombin and also to have progressively higher binding constants. These binding properties at least partly explain the increasing anticoagulant activities that were observed for these fractions. PMID- 7305941 TI - Glucose 6-phosphate activation of pyruvate kinase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - 1. Activation of glucose 6-phosphate is one of the unique properties of pyruvate kinase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. 2. Pyruvate kinase, partially purified from ultrasonic extracts of the mycobacteria by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, exhibited sigmoidal kinetics at various concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate, with a high degree of co-operativity (Hill coefficient, h = 3.7) and S0.5 value of 1.0 mM. 3. In the presence of glucose 6-phosphate, the degree of co-operativity shown by the phosphoenolpyruvate saturation curve was decreased to h = 2.33 and the S0.5 value was lowered to 0.47 mM. 4. The enzyme was activated by AMP and ribose 5-phosphate also, but the activation constant was lowest with glucose 6-phosphate (0.24 mM). 5. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by ATP at all phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations. The concentrations of ATP required to produce half-maximal inhibition of enzyme activity at non-saturating (0.2 mM) and saturating (2 mM) phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations were 1.1 mM and 3 mM respectively. 6. The inhibition of ATP was partially relieved by glucose 6-phosphate. 7. The enzyme exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with ADP as the variable substrate, with an apparent Km of 0.66 mM. 8. The enzyme required Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions for activity. It was not activated by univalent cations. 9. The kinetic data indicate that under physiological conditions glucose 6-phosphate probably plays a significant role in the regulation of pyruvate kinase activity. PMID- 7305942 TI - On the reactivity of metallothioneins with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). AB - Rat liver and horse kidney metallothioneins react with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2 nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) to release 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate and metal ions. The reactions are slow and exhibit biphasic kinetics with each process having an empirical rate law of the form: rate - k[RSM] X [Nbs2] + k'[RSM], where RSM represents mental-bound thiolate groups. The pseudo-first-order rates are insensitive to pH but are modified in guanidine hydrochloride solution. Rat liver metallothioneins of variable zinc, copper and cadmium composition react similarly and give observable thiol/total metal ratios in good agreement with stoichiometries of SH/(Cd + Zn) of 3 and SH/Cu of 1. A model complex cadmium-2,3 dimercaptopropanol, resembles the proteins in its reaction with Nbs2. PMID- 7305943 TI - The preparation and properties of folate-binding protein from cow's milk. AB - An improved affinity-chromatographic method for the preparation of folate-binding protein from cow's milk is described. Under dissociating conditions the protein appeared homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge, with a molecular weight of 35 000 +/ 1500, but it was heterogeneous on electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography and evidently consisted of several glycoproteins with similar molecular weights that all bound folic acid. Overall, the protein contained a high proportion of half-cystine (18 residues/molecule) and 10.3% of carbohydrate. At saturation it bound approx. 1 mol of folate/mol of protein at pH 7.2. Equilibrium-dialysis measurements of the binding of folic acid and 5 methyltetrahydrofolate to the purified protein gave non-linear Scatchard plots, the shapes of which depended on pH. The results were interpreted in terms of ligand binding to a polymerizing system in which the affinity of ligand for monomer was greater than its affinity for polymer. When the protein concentration was similar to that in cow's milk, dissociation constants (Kd) for folate and 5 methyltetrahydrofolate were 3 nM and 5 nM respectively at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C, whereas Kd for the binding of folate to monomer was about 50 pM. The properties of the binding protein are discussed in relation to its possible role in folate absorption in the gut. PMID- 7305944 TI - The effect of tsushimycin on the synthesis of lipid-linked saccharides in aorta. AB - The antibiotic, tsushimycin, inhibits the formation of dolichyl phosphate mannose, dolichyl phosphate glucose and dolichyl pyrophosphate N acetylglucosamine in the particulate enzyme preparation from pig aorta. Although this antibiotic also inhibits the incorporation of mannose and glucose into lipid linked oligosaccharides, these reactions are less sensitive to antibiotic than those involved in the synthesis of lipid-linked monosaccharides. In the presence of tsushimycin, most of the mannose incorporated into lipid-linked oligosaccharides is into one oligosaccharide that has the properties of the heptasaccharide Man5GlcNAc2, whereas in the absence of antibiotic most of the mannose is in larger-sized oligosaccharides. On the other hand, the glucose labelled lipid-linked oligosaccharides appear to be similar in size in the presence or absence of antibiotic. Tsushimycin also inhibits the formation of lipid-linked monosaccharides by the solubilized enzyme preparation of aorta. Various concentrations of dolichyl phosphate or the detergent, Nonidet P40, had no effect on antibiotic inhibition. Some evidence indicates that tsushimycin binds to the particulate enzyme. PMID- 7305946 TI - The binding of monosaccharide inhibitors to hen egg-white lysozyme by proton magnetic resonance at 270 MHz and analysis by ring-current calculations. AB - Studies of the binding of the four sugars alpha- and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and its alpha- and beta-methyl glycosides to hen egg-white lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) by means of high-resolution 1H n.m.r. at 270 MHz are reported. The details of the binding analyses are described in an Appendix. The results show that the sugars bind independently to more than one site in lysozyme. The apparent fully bound chemical shifts to the inhibitor proton signals show that, although the major binding modes are generally similar for the four sugars, the binding of alpha GlcNAc is distinct from that of alpha MeGlcNAc and beta MeClcNAc. The binding of beta GlcNAc is intermediate in character between these two modes. The observed shift changes of the inhibitor signals are correlated with the crystal structures of lysozyme-inhibitor complexes by the use of Johnson Bovey ring-current calculations. Together with consideration of the chemical shift anisotropy of the GlcNAc amide group, these suggest that GlcNAc-binding sites in solution are in subsites C and E. The calculations show also that the indole rings of Trp-62 and Trp-63 rotate towards subsite C on the binding of GlcNAc, whereas Trp-108 moves away slightly. These findings indicate a difference between the solution and tetragonal crystal forms of lysozyme-GlcNAc and lysozymes-beta MeGlcNAc complexes. In the crystal structure, binding of acetamido monosaccharides is only observed in subsite C, and binding in subsite E is prevented by crystal packing. PMID- 7305945 TI - Affinity-chromatographic purification of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. Some properties of the enzyme from rat liver. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver by means of affinity chromatography on 8-(3 aminopropylamino)adenosine linked to Sepharose. The purified enzyme was free from adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase activities and was homogeneous on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis which gave a subunit mol.wt. of 47 000. The native enzyme showed some microheterogeneity on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under increased-resolution conditions but was homogeneous on isoelectric focusing (pI 5.6). The molecular weight of the native enzyme was about 220 000 as judged by pore-gradient electrophoresis. The native enzyme bound adenosine tightly and showed Km values of 0.6 microM, 0.9 microM and 60 microM for adenosine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and L-homocysteine respectively. The enzyme was rapidly inactivated when incubated in the presence of adenosine, S adenosyl-L-homocysteine or several adenosine derivatives or analogues. Inactivation took place both at 0 and 37 degrees C. Freezing in the absence of glycerol resulted in the appearance of dissociation products of the oligomeric protein. Multimer formation was observed at low thiol concentrations. PMID- 7305947 TI - The simultaneous binding of lanthanide and N-acetylglucosamine inhibitors to hen egg-white lysozyme in solution by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Lanthanide ions and the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) sugars are able to bind simultaneously to hen egg-white lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17). The present study characterizes the properties of the ternary complexes with lysozyme, which involve up to seven paramagnetic lanthanides and two diamagnetic lanthanides, together with alpha GlcNAc, beta GlcNAc, alpha MeGlcNAc and beta MeGlcNAc. pH titrations and binding titrations of the GlcNAc sugars with lysozyme-La(III) complexes show that the GlcNAc sugars bind to at least two independent sites and that one of them competes with La(III) for binding to lysozyme. Given the known binding site of lanthanides at Asp-52 and Glu-35, the competitive binding site of GlcNAc is identified as subsite E. A simple analysis of the paramagnetic lanthanide-induced shifts shows that the GlcNAc sugar binds in subsite C, in accordance with crystallographic results [Perkins, Johnson, Machin & Phillips (1979) Biochem. J. 181, 21-36]. This finding was refined by several computer analyses of the lanthanide-induced shifts of 17 proton and carbon resonances of beta MeGlcNAc. Good fits were obtained for all the signals, except for two that were affected by exchange broadening phenomena. No distinction could be made between a fit for a two-position model of Ln(III) binding with axial symmetry to lysozyme, according to the crystallographic result, or a one-position model with axial symmetry where the Ln(III) is positioned mid-way between Asp-52 and Glu-35. Although this work establishes the feasibility of lanthanide shift reagents for study of protein-ligand complexes, further work is required to establish the manner in which lanthanides bind to lysozyme in solution. PMID- 7305948 TI - Purification and characterization of subcomponent C1q of the first component of mouse complement. AB - 1. Mouse C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, has been purified in a highly haemolytically active form by a combination of precipitation with EGTA, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Yields ranged from 3 to 5 mg/200 ml of serum, and the activity of final preparations was in the range of 2 X 10(13)-4 X 10(13) C1q effective molecules/mg. 2. The molecular weight of mouse C1q was 439 500 +/- 1586, as determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. 3. Mouse C1q was shown to be composed of non-covalently linked subunits, all being in the molecular-weight range 45 000-46 000, and three covalently linked chains each having a molecular weight of approx. 23 000 as determined on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate by using non covalently and covalently linked subunits of human C1q as markers with known molecular weights calculated theoretically previously [Porter & Reid (1978) Nature (London) 275, 699-704]. 4. Mouse C1q contained hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, a high percentage of glycine and approx. 9% carbohydrate. The absorption coefficient and nitrogen content of C1q were also determined. PMID- 7305949 TI - Deficient phosphorylation of mannose residues of mannan in fibroblasts of patients with mucolipidoses II and III. AB - Incorporation of 32P from [gamma 32P]ATP into mannan could not be detected in homogenates of cultivated skin fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis II, and accounted for only up to 10% of normal control activity in cell lysates from patients with mucolipidosis III. Parents of patients with mucolipidosis II demonstrated 60-70% of normal control activity. On high-voltage electrophoresis, the hydrolysed mannan from reactions performed with normal cells, over the pH range 5.5-7.5, yielded a radioactive band migrating with the same mobility as mannose 6-phosphate, whereas no such product could be demonstrated in fibroblasts of patients with mucolipidosis II. PMID- 7305950 TI - Calcium-binding constants of trypsin and trypsinogen. A reassessment. AB - The Ca2+-binding constants for trypsin and trypsinogen have been reassessed by using enzyme that has been purified by affinity chromatography and measuring the distribution of 45Ca2+ between the protein and a cation exchanger. The pKCa2+ value of 4.5 for the high-affinity site on trypsin was 1 logarithmic unit greater than that previously reported. PMID- 7305952 TI - An easy method for the determination of initial rates. AB - When the Michaelis-Menten equation is obeyed, the rate near the beginning of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction (or of an experiment on transport) can be found accurately from the slope of a chord joining two points on the progress curve. This slope gives the rate at an intermediate concentration. Exact values of this intermediate concentration are easily calculated from equations in the text, and a number of values have also been tabulated. Methods of using two chords to find the initial rate are given. A mid-point formula for numerical differentiation is advocated when the Michaelis-Menten equation does not hold. PMID- 7305951 TI - Fitting of enzyme kinetic data without prior knowledge of weights. AB - A method is described for fitting equations to enzyme kinetic data that requires minimal assumptions about the error structure of the data. The dependence of the variances on the velocities is not assumed, but is deduced from internal evidence in the data. The effect of very bad observations ('outliers') is mitigated by decreasing the weight of observations that give large deviations from the fitted equation. The method works well in a wide range of circumstances when applied to the Michaelis-Menten equation, but it is not limited to this equation. It can be applied to most of the equations in common use for the analysis of steady-state enzyme kinetics. It has been implemented as a computer program that can fit a wide variety of equations with two, three or four parameters and two or three variables. PMID- 7305954 TI - Kinetics of the photochemical interconversion among geometric photoisomers of bilirubin. AB - Kinetic study of the photochemical interconversion of three geometric photoisomers of bilirubin, namely peaks 1, 2 and 3, under anaerobic conditions was performed by using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Rapid and definite interconversion among these three peaks and the parent pigment occurred on radiation by blue light. PMID- 7305953 TI - Formation of a double salt of phosphatidylcholine and zinc chloride. AB - ZnCl2 forms a 1 : 1 double salt with phosphatidylcholine. This compound resembles the long-known double salt of CdCl2 and phosphatidylcholine except that the latter has the composition (CdCl2)3(phosphatidylcholine)2. Treatment of phosphatidylcholine with a mixture of equimolar amounts of ZnCl2 and CdCl2 yields the ZnCl2 double salt. The ZnCl2 double salt can be obtained as an amorphous flocculent precipitate and as small spherules. These results are discussed in relation to the toxic action of cadmium salts on the mammalian testis and to the protection afforded by zinc salts. It is suggested that membrane phospholipids are essential components of specific sites for reversible binding of Zn2+ and Cd2+. PMID- 7305955 TI - Purification and characterization of a lysosomal form and a variant form of beta glucuronidase from the rat basophil leukaemia tumour. AB - Two isoenzyme of beta-glucuronidase from a rat basophil leukaemia tumour were co purified 4067-fold by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and sequential chromatography on concanavalin A--Sepharose, Sephadex G-200, DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose and phosphocellulose. The purity of the mixture was established by the coincidence of the peaks of enzyme activity and protein at a molecular weight of 300 000 on Bio Gel P-300, the presence of only two protein bands, both of them enzymically active, in polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions, and the presence of a single subunit species, of mol.wt. 75 000, after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels under a denaturing conditioning. The major isoenzyme co-migrated with the L form from rat liver during electrophoresis in alkaline polyacrylamide gels, whereas the minor isoenzyme migrated more rapidly than either the lysosomal form or the rat liver microsomal form and was designated the tumour (T) isoenzyme. A mixture of the purified isoenzymes from two preparations had an average specific activity of 1389 units/mg for phenolphthalein beta-D-glycopyranosiduronic acid. The L and T isoenzymes, which had pI5.9 and 5.7 respectively, could be obtained free of cross-contamination by isoelectric focusing and had similar specific activities. Although the T isoenzyme could be a catabolic product of the M or the L form, it could also be a unique tumour product, because it was not detected in extracts of normal rat tissues. PMID- 7305956 TI - Conformational changes in rat liver chromatin after liver regeneration. AB - N-Pyrenemaleimide, a fluorescent probe that specifically labels histone H3 of rat liver chromatin in situ, was used to monitor the accessibility of histone H3 in chromatin isolated from rat liver at different times during degeneration. At times of maximum DNA synthesis (18--24 h after hepatectomy), the accessibility of the probe was found to be markedly (40--50%) increased. This increase is abolished, however, by treatment of the chromatin fibres with high salt (2 M NaCl) or detergent. Tryptophan fluorescence was also enhanced at points of maximum DNA synthesis, suggesting that some non-histone tryptophan-containing protein was being synthesized. The polarization of the labelled histone H3 is not markedly altered, suggesting that fibre aggregation or dissociation does not occur. Mononucleosomes extracted from sham-operated and hepatectomized animals did not exhibit any difference in binding to the probe. Also, analysis of the chromatin protein by electrophoresis on detergent- and acid/urea/ Triton-X-100 containing polyacrylamide gels showed no detectable difference in histone H3 : 1, H3 : 2 or H3 : 3 subclasses. PMID- 7305957 TI - Properties of rat renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase coupled to Sepharose. Evidence that dimerization is essential for activation. AB - In the absence of phosphate, purified rat renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase exists as a catalytically inactive protomer. The addition of phosphate results in both dimerization and activation of the glutaminase. Covalent attachment of the dimeric form of the glutaminase to CNBr-activated Sepharose was achieved with 84% retention of activity. At least 70% of the bound glutaminase activity was expressed even in the absence of added phosphate. In addition, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L norleucine, which interacts only with the catalytically active form of the glutaminase, inactivates the bound dimeric form of glutaminase at the same rate in either the absence or the presence of added phosphate. Therefore retention of dimeric structure is apparently sufficient to maintain glutaminase activity. In contrast, the coupling of the protomeric form of the enzyme to Sepharose resulted in retention of only 3% of the phosphate-induced glutaminase activity. However, up to 48% of this activity could be reconstituted by addition of soluble glutaminase under conditions that promote dimerization. These results indicate that the monomeric form of the glutaminase has minimal inherent activity and that dimerization is an essential step in the phosphate-induced activation of the glutaminase. PMID- 7305958 TI - The influence of pH on the equilibrium distribution of iron between the metal binding sites of human transferrin. AB - The dependence of the metal-binding properties of transferrin on pH in the pH 6- 9 range was investigated by urea/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Equations are presented for calculating the relative values of the four conditional site constants for the stepwise binding of iron to the two sites of transferrin and for calculating the equilibrium distribution of the protein among the four principal forms, apotransferrin, the C-terminal and N-terminal monoferric transferrins and diferric transferrin. The relative affinity of iron for the two sites and the co-operativity of iron-binding follow characteristic "pH titration' curves. A mathematical model that can account for the former behaviour is presented. In both cases the metal-binding sites are affected by the ionization of functional groups with apparent pKa values near physiological pH approx. 7.4. There is strong positive co-operatively in the release of protons from these groups. The results indicate that pH must be accurately controlled in studies of the differential properties of the two sites of the transferrin molecule. PMID- 7305959 TI - Fractionation of cell-wall preparations from grass leaves by centrifuging in non aqueous density gradients. AB - 1. Dried preparations of cell walls from perennial-ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Italian-ryegrass (L. multiflorum) leaves were suspended in mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with light-petroleum (b.p. 45--50 degrees C) or alcohols and layered on density gradients formed from the same solvents. 2. On centrifugation, the cell walls become distributed throughout a suitably chosen gradient. Fractions corresponding to various regions of the gradient were separated, examined under the microscope and analysed. 3. Cell-wall preparations made from leaf material ground in liquid N2, or in a triple roll mill, showed considerable heterogeneity in particle size, and their behaviour in the density gradient was variable, although there was a general indication that walls derived from vascular bundles were less dense than those from sclerenchyma. 4 Treatment in a vibratory ball mill decreased the size of the particles and produced a more uniform material, but made it impossible to distinguish the origins of the particles. This material behaved more reproducibly in the density gradient. 5. Some fractionations were also made by successive centrifugation in media of increasing relative density. 6. Analyses of the fractions obtained by each method indicated that the less dense had a greater proportion of xylose in the polysaccharide components, and higher contents of acetyl groups and lignin, confirming the close relationship between these components in plant cell walls. 7. The results show that there are differences in polysaccharide composition between the cell-wall types in the grass leaf, the vascular tissue being richer in hemicellulose relative to cellulose than the sclerenchyma. PMID- 7305960 TI - The stability and aggregation properties of human liver acid beta-D galactosidase. AB - 1. A method is described for following continuously the action of beta galactosidase on 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside at pH 4.5, in which 4 methylumbelliferone production is measured at fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths of 324 and 444nm respectively. 2. Initial-rate studies show that the presence of salt activates beta-galactosidase up to 100 mM, but is inhibitory above that concentration. The enzyme is very unstable at 37 degrees C and low ionic strength, but stability increases with ionic strength. 3. The stability of the enzyme at 37 degrees C decreases markedly with rising pH in the range 5.9--8.0. 4. Gel-filtration patterns demonstrate that there is a marked tendency to polymerization with increasing ionic strength. The gel-filtration pattern shows decreasing amounts of dimer with increasing pH. 5. The correlation between activity, stability and molecular form of beta-galactosidase is discussed. It is suggested that the dimeric form of the enzyme is the most stable and active form. The implications of this finding for the assay of beta galactosidase under physiological conditions for prenatal diagnosis are discussed. 6. Evidence for the possible occurrence of a 36 000-mol.wt. from of beta-galactosidase is presented. 7. A computer program for the calculation of initial rates has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50114 (4 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1981) 193, 5. PMID- 7305961 TI - Radiochemical methods for the assay of phosphorylase in the direction of glycogenolysis. AB - Two radiochemical procedures were explored for the determination of phosphorylase activity in the glycogenolytic direction. In the "32P assay method' the formation of labelled glucose 1-phosphate from glycogen and [32P]Pi is measured by the radio-activity that remains soluble after the precipitation of phosphomolybdate with triethylamine. In the "14C assay method' the formation of labelled glucose 1 phosphate from peripherally 14C-labelled glycogen and P1 is determined from the radioactivity that remains soluble after the precipitation of glycogen with ethanol. The 14C assay method requires more preparative work but less circumspection than does the 32P assay method. Both radiochemical methods can be applied where the classical spectrophotometric assay fails. They have the same accuracy and reproducibility, and allow more samples to be handled in parallel. They are not intended for use with crude tissue extracts. PMID- 7305962 TI - Fatty-acid desaturation and microsomal lipid fatty-acid composition in experimental hyperthyroidism. AB - We have studied the influence of experimental hyperthyroidism in the rat on the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and on liver microsomal lipid fatty-acid composition. Tri-iodothyronine treatment (25 micrograms/100 g body weight) daily for 3 weeks caused no significant changes in delta 9 (stearate) desaturation but a 24% decrease in delta 6 (linoleate) desaturation. Much larger doses of tri iodothyronine increased delta 9 desaturation. Liver microsomal fatty-acid composition in hyperthyroidism is altered with significantly increased proportions of stearate and arachidonate and decreased proportions of palmitate, palmitoleate, linoleate (C18:2) and eicosa-8,11,14-trienoate (C20:3). These changes, other than the decreases proportion of C20:3 fatty acid, which may be due to the diminished delta 6 desaturase activity, cannot be attributed to changes in fatty-acid desaturation. Most of these changes were also found to be due not simply to the decreased weight gain or the increased food intake of the hyperthyroid animals. Only the decreased C18:2 fatty-acid proportions could be mimicked by restricting food intake of control animals and none of the changes were prevented by restricting food intake of hyperthyroid animals. Thus most of the changes in microsomal lipid fatty-acid composition are likely to be due to a thyroid hormone effect on peripheral lipid mobilization or lipid degradation. PMID- 7305963 TI - Inactivation of rat muscle 5'-adenylate aminohydrolase by tyrosine nitration with tetranitromethane. AB - Reaction of rat muscle AMP deaminase with low molar excess of tetranitromethane results in a rapid loss of free thiol groups and a concomitant decrease in enzyme activity at high, but not at low, AMP concentration. This modification appears to be limited to the same non-essential thiol groups reactive towards specific reagents in non-denaturing conditions. On incubation with higher molar excess of tetranitromethane, a loss of enzyme activity is observed, which correlates with nitration of tyrosine residues. By amino acid analysis, approximately there tyrosine residues per subunit are estimated to be nitrated in the completely inactivated enzyme. The kinetic properties of the partially inactivated AMP deaminase reveal a negative co-operatively behaviour at approximately half saturation. This suggests that modification of tyrosine residues is also responsible for alteration of the binding properties of the hypothesized activating site of AMP deaminase. PMID- 7305964 TI - Isolation, properties and amino acid sequence of a long-chain neurotoxin, Acanthophis antarcticus b, from the venom of an Australian snake (the common death adder, Acanthophis antarcticus). AB - The venom of an Australian elapid snake, the common death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus), was chromatographed on a CM-cellulose CM52 column. One of the neurotoxic components, Acanthophis antarcticus b (toxin Aa b) was isolated in about 9.4% (A280) yield. The complete amino acid sequence of toxin Aa b was elucidated. Toxin Aa b is composed of 73 amino acid residues, with ten half cystine residues, and has a formula weight of 8135. Toxin Aa b has no histidine or methionine residue in its sequence. The amino acid sequence of toxin Aa b is homologous with those of other neurotoxins with known sequences, although it is novel in having a valine residue at its N-terminus and an arginine residue at position-23, where a lysine residue is found in almost all the so-far-known neurotoxins. Irrespective of the latter replacement, the toxin Aa b is fully active, with an LD50 value (in mice) of 0.13 microgram/g body weight on intramuscular injection. PMID- 7305965 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor. Isolation by a large-scale procedure and analysis of subunit composition. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor was purified from fresh platelets by a large-scale procedure not involving the use of SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate). The product, 0.5 mg of platelet-derived growth factor, obtained from about 3 x 10(13) platelets migrated as a single component in analytical gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS and showed no inhomogeneity on sedimentation-equilibrium analysis in the ultracentrifuge. It had a high specific activity, 2 ng of platelet-derived growth factor/ml (70pM) being equivalent to 1% (v/v) human serum in an assay for multiplication-stimulating activity. Amino acid analysis revealed that platelet derived growth factor contains all the common amino acids, except tryptophan, but no hexosamine. The molecular weight of platelet-derived growth factor, as determined by sedimentation-equilibrium analysis, was about 33 000. A similar value was obtained by gel electrophoresis in SDS under non-reducing conditions. In the presence of reducing agents the factor molecule was converted into two distinct components of lower molecular weight (17 000 and 14 000 respectively), as demonstrated by protein staining. The molecular model implicated by these findings is that platelet-derived growth factor consists of two different polypeptides chains, linked by disulphide bridges. PMID- 7305966 TI - Desmosines in human urine. Amounts in early development and in Marfan's syndrome. AB - Desmosines from 24 h human urine samples were isolated, characterized and quantified. The desmosines are in peptidyl form (1000--1500 molecular weight), and their amount is decreased by two-thirds between 7 and 25 years of age. Patients with Marfan's syndrome have significantly lower urinary amounts of desmosines than do comparable controls during the early development period. PMID- 7305967 TI - Tritiation of alpha-bungarotoxin with N-succinimidyl [2,3-3H]propionate. A useful reagent for labelling proteins. AB - Mono[3H]propionyl-alpha-bungarotoxin, prepared with N-succinimidyl [2,3 3H]propionate (sp. radioactivity 50 Ci/mmol) and purified to homogeneity by electrofocusing, retains its biological activity and stability. Rate constants for its binding to acetylcholine receptor were 4.4-fold lower than for unlabelled toxin; no dissociation was detectable. Analysis of enzymic digests of toxin showed 3H is located mainly of entirely in epsilon-propionyl-lysine. PMID- 7305968 TI - Occupancy of sites of phosphorylation in inactive rat heart pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate in vivo. AB - 1. Inactive pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate complexes were partially purified from hearts of fed, starved or alloxan-diabetic rats by using conditions that prevent phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. 2. Unoccupied sites of phosphorylation were assayed by incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP into the complexes. Total sites of phosphorylation were assayed by the same method after complete reactivation, and thus dephosphorylation, of complexes by incubation with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase. Occupancy is assumed from the difference (total sites--unoccupied sites). Percentage incorporation into individual sites was measured by high-voltage electrophoresis after tryptic digestion. 3. Values (means +/- S.E.M., in nmol of phosphate/unit of inactive complex) for total sites, occupied sites and percentage occupancies, with numbers of observations in parentheses were: fed, 2.1 +/- 0.04, 1.15 +/- 0.04, 54.8 +/- 1.6% (39); starved, 2.05 +/- 0.03, 1.85 +/- 0.03, 90.2 +/- 1.4% (28); alloxan diabetic, 1.99 +/- 0.03, 1.72 +/- 0.03, 86.4 +/- 1.4% (68%). 4. Values (means +/- S.E.M. for percentage occupancy) for individual sites of phosphorylation in pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate given in the order sites 1, 2 and 3 were : fed, 100 +/- 2.7, 27.8 +/- 1.6, 33.9 +/- .9; starved, 100 +/- 1.4, 76.2 +/- 2.0, 92.4 +/- 1.5; alloxan-diabetic, 100 +/- 1.2, 64.0 +/- 1.7, 94.6 +/- 1.4. 5. It is concluded that starvation or alloxan-diabetes leads to a 2--3-fold increase in the occupancy of phosphorylation sites 2 and 3 in pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate in rat heart in vivo. PMID- 7305969 TI - Amino acid sequence and oligosaccharide distribution of the haemagglutinin from an early Hong Kong influenza virus variant A/Aichi/2/68 (X-31). AB - The amino acid sequence and oligosaccharide distribution for the haemagglutinin from the early Hong Kong influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (X-31) was investigated. The two polypeptide chains, HA1 and HA2, were fragmented by CNBr and enzymic digestion, and the amino acid sequence of each small peptide was deduced by comparing its chromatographic behaviour, electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition and N-terminus with that of the corresponding peptide of the haemagglutinin of known structure from the influenza-virus variant A/Memphis/102/72. Those peptides in which changes were detected were sequenced fully. The complete amino acid sequence of the haemagglutinin HA1 chain (328 residues) and 188 of the 221 residues of the HA2 chain were established by this approach, and revealed only twelve differences between the amino acid sequences of variant-A/Aichi/68 and -A/Memphis/72 haemagglutinins. These occurred at positions 2, 3, 122, 144, 155, 158, 188, 207, 242 and 275 in the HA1 chain and 150 and 216 in the HA2 chain. The highly aggregated hydrophobic region (residues 180-121) near the C-terminal end of the HA2 chain was not resolved by peptide sequencing. The oligosaccharide distribution in variant-A/Aichi/68 haemagglutinin was identical with that found in that of A/Memphis/72, with sugar units attached at asparagine residues 8, 22 38, 81, 165 and 285 in the HA1 chain and 154 on the HA2 chain. The monosaccharide compositions of the individual carbohydrate units on variant-A/Aichi/68 haemagglutinin differed from those of the corresponding units in variant-A/Memphis/72 haemagglutinin, and evidence was found for heterogeneity in the oligosaccharide units attached at single glycosylation sites. PMID- 7305971 TI - The generation of non-linear solute gradients for chromatography by using only simple apparatus. AB - It is shown that by using only a series of tubes with constant cross-sectional area and a single-channel peristaltic pump, it is possible to produce solute gradients with time profiles that are concave, convex, sigmoid or even with turning points. The general theory for predicting gradients, by using tubes in series that are either open or closed to the atmosphere, is presented, and the equations using three compartments are given. Experiments are described that support the usefulness and accuracy of such a theoretical treatment. PMID- 7305970 TI - Differential inhibition of rat liver DNA polymerases in vitro by direct-acting carcinogens and the protective effect of a thiol reducing agent. AB - The direct-acting carcinogens acetoxyacetylaminofluorene, methylnitrosourea, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were tested for their ability to inhibit rat liver DNA polymerase-alpha, -beta, and -gamma activity in vitro. DNA polymerase alpha was the most sensitive, polymerase-beta was the most resistant, and polymerase-gamma exhibited an intermediate response. When the reactions were reassayed in the presence and absence of dithiothreitol, a thiol reducing agent, it was shown that the inhibition by carcinogens was generally reversible with increasing dithiothreitol, except that polymerase-beta recovered only 80-90% of control values. These and binding data suggest that DNA polymerase-beta, the putative repair enzyme, is highly resistant to carcinogen damage. This resistance may contribute to the retention of normal function and fidelity of the repair enzyme during carcinogen exposure in vivo and to a normal cellular repair. PMID- 7305972 TI - Sex differences in hepatic oestrogen-binding proteins. AB - Gel-filtration (Sephadex G-75) analysis of hepatic cytosol reveals both qualitative and quantitative sex differences in oestrogen-binding proteins. The elution profile of [(3)H]oestradiol-labelled cytosol shows four species of oestrogen-binding proteins (peaks I, II, IV and V) common to both sexes. The amount of [(3)H]oestradiol binding in peak I is equivalent in both males and females and corresponds quantitatively to the specific oestrogen receptor. The amount of binding in the remaining three peaks is greater in males than females. In addition, an oestrogen-binding protein (peak III) is present that is unique to male cytosol. Proteinase-inhibition studies demonstrate that the observed multiplicity of oestrogen-binding proteins is not an artefact of proteolytic breakdown. Sex differences in oestrogen-binding proteins are absent in immature male and female animals; the oestrogen-binding protein profile in immature rats resembles that of an adult female. Gonadectomy of adult animals does not affect the oestrogen-binding-protein profile. In contrast, neonatal (day 1) castration results in partial feminization of the characteristic oestrogen-binding protein profile seen in the adult male; the appearance of Peak III is suppressed and marked decreases in the amount of oestradiol binding occurs in the remaining peaks. Hypophysectomy of adult animals results in near abolishment of the observed sex differences; the male oestrogen-binding protein profile is partially feminized and the female profile is partially masculinized, as characterized by the appearance of [(3)H]oestradiol binding in the region of peak III and increased amounts of binding in peaks IV and V. The present studies demonstrate a multiplicity of oestrogen-binding proteins in liver cytosol and raise the possibility that the presence of some of these proteins may be imprinted at birth through the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, by a mechanism requiring neonatal androgen exposure. PMID- 7305973 TI - Vitamin D metabolism and its possible role in the developing chick embryo. AB - The relationship between bone formation and vitamin D metabolism was investigated in the developing chick embryo. Fertilized White Leghorn eggs were incubated at 38 degrees C in an incubator for 21 days. The fresh weight and calcium content of embryonic tibiae began to increase at day 12 and attained maximal values at day 19. Bone alkaline phosphatase and citrate decarboxylation activities, both of which represent osteoblastic activity, also began to increase at days 10-12, reached maximal values at day 19 and sharply declined thereafter. Both bone enzyme activities were highly correlated with CA2+-binding activity in the chorioallantoic membrane measured by the Chelex 100 assay. When mesonephric and metanephric homogenates were incubated with 25-hydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol, a marked and concomitant increase occurred in the metanephric 1 alpha- and 24 hydroxylase activity after day 14. The production of 1 alpha, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol attained a maximal value at day 19 and decreased thereafter, whereas that of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol continued to increase until hatching. The production rate of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by the metanephros coincided with the changes in Ca2+-binding activity in the chorioallantoic membrane and osteoblastic activity. Since both intestinal calcium absorption and bone mineral mobilization do not occur in embryonic life, these results support the idea that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol may be involved directly in bone formation or induction of a calcium-binding protein in the chorioallantoic membrane. PMID- 7305974 TI - Bile pigment synthesis in plants. Incorporation of haem into phycocyanobilin and phycobiliproteins in Cyanidium caldarium. AB - A procedure was developed whereby haem was taken up by dark-grown cells of the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium. These cells were subsequently incubated either in the dark with 5-aminolaevulinate, which results in excretion of phycocyanobilin into the suspending medium or incubated in the light, which results in synthesis and accumulation of phycocyanin and chlorophyll a within the cells. Phycocyanobilin was isolated from phycocyanin by cleavage from apoprotein in methanol. Phycocyanobilin prepared from phycocyanin or excreted from cells given 5-aminolaevulinate was methylated and purified by t.l.c. By using 14C labelling either in the haem or in 5-aminolaevulinate administered, haem incorporation into phycocyanobilin was demonstrated in both dark and light systems. Since chlorophyll a synthesized in the light in the presence of labelled haem contained no radioactivity, it was clear that haem was directly incorporated into phycocyanobilin and not first converted into protoporphyrin IX. These results clearly demonstrate phycocyanobilin synthesis via haem and not via magnesium protoporphyrin IX as has also been postulated. PMID- 7305975 TI - Alpha-Lactalbumin and lactose concentrations in rat milk during lactation. AB - Homogeneous rat alpha-lactalbumin was prepared from whey by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Ultrogel AcA 44. Two biologically active forms of alpha lactalbumin were apparent after ion-exchange chromatography, but on gel filtration the combined forms were eluted as a single peak with a molecular weight of approx. 33000. The molecular weight when determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was 15100. Antiserum to alpha lactalbumin was prepared from rabbits, and single radial immunodiffusion was used to measure the concentration of alpha-lactalbumin in milk expressed from rats during lactation and for 2 days after the cessation of lactation. A significant positive correlation (r = + 0.89) between the concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin and lactose was obtained for the first 20 days of lactation. This is consistent with the suggestion that alpha-lactalbumin may control the concentration of lactose in milk. However, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.91) between the concentration of alpha-lactalbumin and lactose was obtained for 2 days after the cessation of lactation on day 20. PMID- 7305977 TI - Isolation and characterization of a mannose/N-acetylglucosamine/fucose-binding protein from rat liver. AB - A rat liver mannan-binding protein was isolated by affinity chromatography on invertase--Sepharose by a modification of the method of Kawasaki, Etoh & Yamashina [(1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 81, 1018-1024] and by a new method involving chromatography on mannose-Sepharose. The binding protein appears as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis with an apparent mol.wt. of approx. 30000. Binding of 125I-labelled mannan is saturable and inhibited by mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, or L-fucose but not by galactose or mannose 6-phosphate. Neoglycoproteins containing mannose, N acetylglucosamine, or L-fucose, but not galactose, are inhibitory. The neoglycoproteins are 10000-fold more effective (based on moles of sugar) than are free monosaccharides as inhibitors. 125I-labelled mannan binding to the binding protein is calcium-dependent. PMID- 7305976 TI - Metabolic aspects of the secretion of stored compounds from blood platelets. The effect of NaF at different pH on nucleotide metabolism and function of washed platelets. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of human blood platelets to fluoride at different pH. The results were as follows. (1) Fluoride induced secretion faster and at a lower concentration when pH was lowered. (2) Platelets exposed to 2 mM-fluoride at 0 degrees C at pH 5.3 underwent secretion when first pH and then temperature was raised, although no secretion was seen at 2 mM-fluoride concentration in the absence of the preincubation at low pH. (3) The concentration of [14C]ATP in platelets decreased steeply in response to fluoride before induction of secretion. Addition of antimycin blocked or partly inhibited secretion. Fluoride thus exerts an inhibitory effect on platelet glycolysis before induction of secretion. (4) Fluoride accumulated in the platelet pellet by a time course that preceded secretion. The accumulation was faster and greater at pH 6 than at 7.4. These four points are taken as indirect evidence that fluoride has to penetrate to the interior of the platelet to induce secretion. The activation takes place over a wide range of acid pH in contrast with induction of platelet function via the outside of the plasma membrane. In addition evidence is presented that the salvage pathway may under special circumstances play an important role in the re-synthesis of platelet adenine nucleotides. PMID- 7305978 TI - Metabolism of myosin heavy chain in steady-state chick skeletal muscle cultures. AB - Synthesis, accumulation and breakdown of the 200000-mol.wt. heavy subunit of myosin were analysed over an 11 day period in muscle cell cultures isolated from the leg muscle of 12-day chick embryos. Muscle cells accumulated myosin heavy chain rapidly from days 2 to 5 and maintained a maximum, constant myosin-heavy chain concentration between days 7 and 11. Myosin-heavy-chain content and breakdown rate were compared in steady-state muscle cultures grown either in the presence of an optimum batch of horse serum (control) or in the presence of horse serum that had been pre-selected for its ability to inhibit several-fold the rate of synthesis of myosin heavy chain (inhibitory). The quantity of myosin heavy chain in the inhibited cultures was decreased in direct proportion to the decrease in the rate of synthesis of myosin heavy chain; however, the half-lives of myosin heavy chain (control, 17.7h; inhibitory, 17.0h) were virtually identical. In contrast, the absolute rate of breakdown of myosin heavy chain, expressed as molecules/min per nucleus, was approx. 5-fold lower in the inhibited cultures (4.3 X 10(3) molecules/min per nucleus) than in the control cultures (21.7 X 10(3) molecules/min per nucleus). Thus, inhibition of myosin-heavy-chain synthesis in this case was accompanied by diminished myosin-heavy-chain concentration and absolute breakdown rate at the altered steady state, but relative myosin-heavy-chain breakdown rates were unchanged. PMID- 7305979 TI - The lack of a phospholipid-exchange-protein activity in soluble fractions of Spinacia oleracea leaves. AB - When 14C-labelled liposomes prepared from Spinacia oleracea leaf lipids or 14C labelled microsomal fraction ('microsomes') prepared from Spinacia oleracea leaf protoplasts were incubated with unlabelled intact chloroplasts, there was a considerable transfer of label to the chloroplasts. This transfer occurred in the absence of added protein, but was stimulated by soluble protein fractions from Spinacia oleracea leaves. The stimulation was heat-stable and decreased after dialysis of the protein fractions. Salt solutions, containing no protein, stimulated lipid transfer proportionally to their conductivity. In all cases, the lipid transfer was not protein-dependent, but rather resulted from the fusion of 14C- and 3H-labelled liposomes or microsomes with chloroplasts. It is proposed that this photosynthetic tissue contains no detectable lipid-exchange activity between liposomes, microsomes and chloroplasts and that lipid transfer between these organelles is achieved by non-protein-dependent means. PMID- 7305981 TI - Reduction of biliverdin and placental transfer of bilirubin and biliverdin in the pregnant guinea pig. AB - Biliverdin was reduced to bilirubin in pregnant and foetal guinea pigs, and the 100000 g supernatant from homogenates of foetal liver, placenta and maternal liver showed high biliverdin reductase activity. The placental transport of unconjugated bilirubin and biliverdin was compared by injecting unlabelled and radiolabelled pigments into the foetal or maternal circulation and analysing blood collected from the opposite side of the placenta. Injected bilirubin crossed the placenta from foetus to mother and vice versa, but injected biliverdin did not appear to cross without prior reduction to bilirubin. The guinea-pig placenta is apparently more permeable to bilirubin than biliverdin. Reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin in the foetus may, therefore, be essential for efficient elimination of haem catabolites from the foetus in placental mammals. PMID- 7305980 TI - Modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and of acyl-CoA- cholesterol acyltransferase by the transfer of non-esterified cholesterol to rat liver microsomal vesicles. AB - The incubation of rat liver microsomal fraction with a serum preparation followed by the re-isolation of the microsomal membranes has resulted in an increase in the concentration of non-esterified cholesterol, a considerable decrease in the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and in an increase in the activity of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase in the treated microsomal preparation. These effects were related to the concentration of serum in the incubation mixture and to the duration of the incubation. The transfer of non esterified cholesterol was specific in that the content of protein and the total phospholipids were similar in the original microsomal fraction and the serum treated microsomal preparation. The incubation of the microsomal fraction with lipoprotein-deficient serum or with no serum resulted in both cases in small changes in the non-esterified cholesterol, the esterified cholesterol and the total phospholipid content in the treated preparations compared with these concentrations in the original microsomal fraction, whereas the activity of acyl CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase and of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase was similar in the lipoprotein-deficient-serum-treated and the buffer-treated microsomal preparations. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase was lower and the activity of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase was higher in the lipoprotein-deficient-serum-treated and the buffer-treated microsomal preparations as compared with these activities in the original microsomal fraction. However, the serum-treated microsomal preparation had considerably lower activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and considerably higher activity of acyl-CoA-cholesterol acyltransferase than these activities in buffer-treated and in lipoprotein-deficient-serum-treated microsomal preparations. PMID- 7305982 TI - Increased activity of phosphate-dependent glutaminase in liver mitochondria as a result of glucagon treatment of rats. AB - 1. Injection of rats with glucagon leads to an increased effective activity of glutaminase in subsequently isolated liver mitochondria. 2. This effect of glucagon is manifested as a decreased requirement of glutaminase for phosphate in the presence of HCO3-. The HCO3--concentration-dependence is unchanged. 3. The effect of glucagon is lost on disruption of the mitochondria. 4. In accordance with previous reports, incubation of mitochondria in hypo-osmotic media also increases the effective activity of glutaminase. Glucagon increases glutamine hydrolysis at intermediate osmolarities of the suspending medium, but does not affect glutaminase activity when it is already maximally activated by hypo osmotic conditions. 5. From this and previous work, it seems that hypo-osmotic incubation conditions, EDTA and glucagon may all activate glutaminase by a common mechanism. It is postulated that this mechanism involves modification of the interaction of glutaminase with the mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 7305983 TI - Glycerolipid biosynthesis in rat adipose tissue. Influence of adipocyte size. AB - A simple one-step filtration method is described to separate larger adipocytes from the smaller ones by using nylon screen (52 microM pore size). Adipocytes retained on the screen were larger (60-90 micrometers) compared with those that passed through the screen. By using this separation technique, activities of various enzymes involved in triacylglycerol formation from sn-glycerol 3 phosphate were measured in the larger and smaller adipocytes isolated from gonadal fat-depots. The homogenates from larger adipocytes were more active in lipid formation compared with those derived from small adipocytes. This was evident from the increased activities of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase. Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase in the larger adipocytes. The activities of these enzymes were also measured in the adipocytes isolated from gonadal, perirenal and subcutaneous fat-depots. Subcutaneous adipocytes were smaller and were less active in lipid formation than gonadal and perirenal adipocytes. These measurements in the activities of individual enzymes provide evidence that the entire pathway of esterification via sn-glycerol 3-phosphate is accelerated in the larger adipocytes. PMID- 7305985 TI - Phosphorylated lymphocyte plasma-membrane proteins. AB - Lymphocytes were labelled by incubation with [32P]Pi and their plasma membranes isolated. Analysis by one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed a small number of strongly phosphorylated polypeptides. Two of these were especially prominent; they had molecular weights of about 52000 and 90000, were acidic and were apparently not glycosylated. Similar patterns were obtained for quiescent T- and B-lymphocytes from different species and for cultured lymphoblastoid cells, although the relative amounts of the labelled polypeptides varied. Immunoprecipitation analyses of the detergent-solubilized 32P-labelled plasma membranes indicated that the glycosylated polypeptide of the human major transplantation (HLA-A and HLA-B) antigens and its mouse and pig counterparts are phosphorylated. In contrast, no phosphorylation of the membrane-associated immunoglobulin, the mouse Thy-1 antigen or the human HLA-DRw(Ia) antigen was detected. The phosphorylation patterns of human peripheral blood and nude-mouse spleen lymphocytes did not change during the period 5-30min after mitogen stimulation. Therefore a change in the phosphorylation of plasma-membrane protein(s) is probably not an early biochemical event in the initiation of T lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte growth, although a rapid transient change cannot be ruled out. Similar plasma-membrane phosphorylation patterns were also obtained by incubating the purified plasma membrane with [gamma-32P]ATP. The phosphorylation of the 90000-mol.wt. polypeptide was particularly rapid and was stimulated by the addition of cyclic AMP. PMID- 7305984 TI - Removal of glycosaminoglycans from cultures of human skin fibroblasts. AB - Early-passage human skin fibroblasts were grown as monolayers for 2-3 days in minimum essential medium containing [35S]sulphate, [3H]glucosamine, [3H]fucose, [3H]proline or [3H]leucine to label proteoglycans, glycoproteins or collagen and other proteins. A crude enzyme preparation obtained from a supernatant from sonicated freeze-dried Flavobacter heparinum was added to the cell monolayers. This treatment removed most of the 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans, with no appreciable removal of the 3H-labelled proteins or 3H-labelled glycoproteins. The cells remained attached and viable as a monolayer. The formation of 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans was examined after pretreating cultures with crude F. heparinum enzyme, followed by addition of fresh growth medium containing [35S]sulphate. The F. heparinum enzyme did not significantly alter the amount or type of 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans produced. Thus F. heparinum enzyme can be used to provide cultured-cell monolayers depleted of surface glycosaminoglycans. These cells remain attached, viable and subsequently synthesize normal amounts and type of glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 7305986 TI - Age-dependent decay of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase in human erythrocytes. AB - Age-dependent decrease in cytochrome b5 was observed in erythrocytes from both a normal person and a patient with hereditary methaemoglobinaemia without neurological symptoms. With aging, concentrations of cytochrome b5 in erythrocytes from the patient were almost the same as those in the control. Age dependent decrease in cytochrome b5 reductase activity in the control erythrocytes was also shown; however, the reductase activity was very low in erythrocytes from the patient over the whole age range. Our studies show that methaemoglobin content of erythrocytes seems to be dependent on the content of cytochrome b5 in the cells, both in the control subject and in the patient. PMID- 7305987 TI - Extraction and partial purification of the nucleoside-transport system from human erythrocytes based on the assay of nitrobenzylthioinosine-binding activity. AB - Nitrobenzylthioinosine, a potent nucleoside-transport inhibitor, binds to high affinity sites on the human erythrocyte membrane. This binding is a specific interaction with functional nucleoside-transport sites. The protein(s) responsible for high-affinity nitrobenzylthioinosine binding was purified 13-fold by treatment of haemoglobin-free 'ghosts' with EDTA (pH 11.2) to remove extrinsic proteins, extraction of the protein-depleted membranes with Triton X-100 and passage of the soluble extract through a DEAE-cellulose column equilibrated with Triton X-100. Void-volume fractions were collected and treated with Bio-Beads SM 2 to remove detergent. These fractions contained 31% of the starting nitrobenzylthioinosine-binding activity. They also contained D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B-binding activity. Nitrobenzylthioinosine binding to the partially purified preparation was saturable (apparent Kd 1.6 nM) and inhibited by nitrobenzylthioguanosine, dipyridamole and uridine. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of pooled void-volume fractions revealed the presence of only two detectable protein bands, the broad zone 4.5 (containing glucose-transport protein) and a small amount of band 7. PMID- 7305988 TI - The effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on the synthesis of epidermal cell-surface associated carbohydrates. AB - 1. all-trans-Retinoic acid at concentrations greater than 10(-7)m stimulated the incorporation of d-[(3)H]glucosamine into 8m-urea/5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulphate extracts of 1m-CaCl(2)-separated epidermis from pig ear skin slices cultured for 18h. The incorporation of (35)SO(4) (2-), l-[(14)C]fucose and U (14)C-labelled l-amino acids was not significantly affected. 2. Electrophoresis of the solubilized epidermis showed increased incorporation of d [(3)H]glucosamine into a high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycan-containing peak when skin slices were cultured in the presence of 10(-5)m-all-trans-retinoic acid. The labelling of other epidermal components with d-[(3)H]glucosamine, (35)SO(4) (2-), l-[(14)C]fucose and U-(14)C-labelled l-amino acids was not significantly affected by 10(-5)m-all-trans-retinoic acid. 3. Trypsinization dispersed the epidermal cells and released 75-85% of the total d [(3)H]glucosamine-labelled material in the glycosaminoglycan peak. Thus most of this material was extracellular in both control and 10(-5)m-all-trans-retinoic acid-treated epidermis. 4. Increased labelling of extracellular epidermal glycosaminoglycans was also observed when human skin slices were treated with all trans-retinoic acid, indicating a similar mechanism in both tissues. Increased labelling was also found when the epidermis was cultured in the absence of the dermis, suggesting a direct effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on the epidermis. 5. Increased incorporation of d-[(3)H]-glucosamine into extracellular epidermal glycosaminoglycans in 10(-5)m-all-trans-retinoic acid-treated skin slices was apparent after 4-8h in culture and continued up to 48h. all-trans-Retinoic acid (10(-5)m) did not affect the rate of degradation of this material in cultures ;chased' with 5mm-unlabelled glucosamine after 4 or 18h. 6. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH7.2 revealed that hyaluronic acid was the major labelled glycosaminoglycan (80-90%) in both control and 10(-5)m-all-trans-retinoic acid treated epidermis. 7. The labelling of epidermal plasma membranes isolated from d [(3)H]glucosamine-labelled skin slices by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was similar in control and 10(-5)m-all-trans-retinoic acid-treated tissue. 8. The results indicate that increased synthesis of mainly extracellular glycosaminoglycans (largely hyaluronic acid) may be the first response of the epidermis to excess all-trans-retinoic acid. PMID- 7305989 TI - Cell-surface radioiodination with the sparingly soluble catalyst Iodogen. Difference between the dividing and non-dividing populations of rodent thymocytes. AB - The surface proteins of dividing and non-dividing subpopulations of rat and mouse thymocytes have been labelled by using a new method of radioiodination. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of the labelled proteins shows distinct differences in labelling between the mouse and rat cells and also, in the case of the rat, between the dividing and non-dividing populations. PMID- 7305990 TI - Differential cytotoxicity of daunomycin in tumour cells is related to glutathione dependent hydrogen peroxide metabolism. AB - Addition of 0.5mm-daunomycin, a quinone anti-cancer drug, causes severe inhibition of respiration in Ehrlich ascites cells, whereas Yoshida ascites cells were almost as resistant as rat hepatocytes. An inverse relationship appears to exist in the two types of tumour cells (which are both catalase-deficient) between the extent of cellular damage brought about by intracellular formation of superoxide anion occurring on reaction with O(2) of the drug free radical and the efficiency of the glutathione-mediated H(2)O(2)-detoxifying system. PMID- 7305991 TI - The relationship between the activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and the rate of synthesis of rRNA in hepatoma cells in culture. AB - Cell culture lines were established from the transplantable mouse hepatomas H6 and H129. Both cell lines had a doubling time about 30 h when maintained in medium containing 5% foetal bovine serum. H6 cells contained about 3-4 times more DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I (Pol I; ribonucleoside triphosphate--RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) than did H129 cells. Moreover, the H6-cell enzyme was more heat-labile than that from H129 cells. Steady-state contents of 28S rRNA were measured in both cell lines. Exponentially growing cultures of H6 cells contained about 6.5pg of 28S rRNA/cell, and similar cultures of H129 cells contained about 5.8pg/cell. Stationary cultures of both cell lines contained about 2pg of 28S rRNA/cell. By two different techniques, the half-time for turnover of 28S rRNA was estimated to be 16-17h for both H6 and H129 cells. Knowing the turnover rate and the steady-state concentration, one may calculate that both H6 and H129 cells synthesize 28S rRNA at a rate of about 0.25 pg/h per cell. The amount of template-bound Pol I activity was similar in nuclei isolated from H6 and H129 cell cultures. These data indicate that, although H6 cells contained 3-4 times more Pol I than did H129 cells, both cell lines synthesized rRNA at about the same rate. PMID- 7305992 TI - Formation of the A/B cis ring junction of ecdysteroids in the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. AB - 1. The mechanism of formation of the A/B cis ring junction of ecdysteroids in the locust Schistocerca gregaria, was investigated by incorporation of [4-14C,3 alpha 3H], [4-14C,4 alpha-3H] and [4-14C,4 beta-3H]cholesterol into 20-hydroxyecdysone in fifth-instar larvae and into ecdysteroid conjugates in ovaries of maturing adult females. 2. In both systems there was retention of the 4 alpha-3H atom in the ecdysteroid and elimination of the 3 alpha- and 4 beta-3H atoms. 3. The 3H retained in the ecdysone formed from [4 alpha-3H]cholesterol in the ovarian system was probably located at C-4. The results are interpreted by postulating the involvement of a 3-oxo-delta 4 intermediate in ecdysteroid biosynthesis in insects. PMID- 7305993 TI - The mechanism of palmitoyl-CoA inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in liver and heart mitochondria. AB - The mechanism by which palmitoyl-CoA inhibits Ca2+ uptake in liver and heart mitochondria was examined. At a given concentration of palmitoyl-CoA, the extent of inhibition is inversely related to the concentration of the respiratory substrate succinate. Palmitoyl-CoA inhibition of uncoupler-stimulated respiration and respiration stimulated by ionophore-A23187-induced Ca2+ cycling is also relieved by high succinate concentrations. These effects of palmitoyl-CoA and succinate concentration are distinct from the increase in inner-membrane permeability, which can be produced by palmitoyl-CoA and Ca2+ [Beatrice, Palmer & Pfeiffer (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8663-8671]. The apparent K0.5 of the mitochondrial Ca2+ pump is not altered by palmitoyl-CoA. No or negligible effects of palmitoyl-CoA on the Ca2+-uptake rate are observed when ascorbate replaces succinate as an energy source. These findings, together with the known activity of palmitoyl-CoA as a competitive inhibitor of the dicarboxylate carrier [Morel, Lauquin, Lunardi, Duszynski & Vignais (1974) FEBS Lett. 39, 133-138], indicate that palmitoyl-CoA inhibits energy-linked Ca2+ transport by limiting the rate of electron transport through limitation of succinate entry into the mitochondria rather than by directly inhibiting the Ca2+ carrier. PMID- 7305996 TI - Dependence on androgens of the specific DNA-binding activity of rat ventral prostate non-histone chromosomal proteins. AB - Interactions between rat prostate non-histone chromosomal proteins and DNA were studied by using a nitrocellulose-filter-binding technique to monitor the formation of DNA--protein complexes. The total binding activity of the non histones, as measured by binding of proteins to a trace quantity of labelled DNA, displays no preference for rat DNA relative to Escherichia coli DNA. Sequestration of non-specific binding proteins by preincubation with unlabelled bacterial DNA enables detection of a fraction of rat prostate non-histones that binds preferentially to labelled rat DNA relative to labelled E. coli DNA. After castration of adult male rats, both total and specific binding activities decrease. Administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to castrated rats stimulates both total and specific DNA-binding activities of prostate non histones; specific binding is stimulated to a greater extent than total DNA, indicating that the specific binding proteins constitute a larger fraction of the non-histone proteins in the presence of androgens. The specific DNa-binding activity is dependent on the dose of steroid administered. PMID- 7305995 TI - A cryptobiosis-specific 19S protein complex of Artemia salina gastrulae. AB - The postribosomal supernatant of Artemia salina cryptobiotic embryos contains a large quantity of a 19S protein complex. An amount of 3.6 mg/g of cysts is measured by immunoprecipitation with anti-(19S protein complex) antibody. The quantity of this complex decreases during further development to nauplius larvae to only 15% of the quantity present in cryptobiotic embryos. The complex was no longer detectable after 7 days of growth. The 27000-Mr protein subunit of the 19S complex is not synthesized by mRNA isolated from cryptobiotic embryos. The cryptobiosis-specific complex has Mr 573000 and 610000 as calculated from light scattering and sedimentation-diffusion measurements respectively. The 19S homocomplex contains 20-23 27000-Mr proteins and has no function in the translation of homologous mRNA. From hydrodynamic data a hydration of 1.25 g of water/g of protein is calculated. The abundant presence of the 19S protein complex in cryptobiotic embryos and the absence of synthesis during development to nauplius larvae indicate a functional role during the cryptobiotic process in early embryogenesis. A role in maintaining the water content of the cytoplasm above a critical threshold during desiccation is suggested. PMID- 7305994 TI - Effects of inhibitors of spermidine and spermine synthesis on polyamine concentrations and growth of transformed mouse fibroblasts. AB - 1. A number of compounds known to inhibit polyamine biosynthesis at various steps in the biosynthetic pathway were tested for their ability to inhibit growth and decrease polyamine concentrations in virally transformed mouse fibroblasts (SV 3T3 cells). 2. Virtually complete inhibition of growth was produced by the inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase alpha-methylornithine and alpha difluoromethylornithine and by the inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1,1'-[(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]diguanidine and 1,1' [(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]bis-(3-aminoguanidine). The former inhibitors decreased putrescine and spermidine contents in the cells to very low values, whereas the latter substantially increased putrescine but decreased spermidine concentrations. The inhibitory effects of all of these inhibitors on cell growth could be prevented by the addition of spermidine, suggesting that spermidine depletion is the underlying cause of their inhibition of growth. 3. alpha Difluoromethylornithine, which is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, was a more potent inhibitor of growth and polyamine production (depleting spermidine almost completely and spermine significantly) than alpha methylornithine, which is a competitive inhibitor. This was not the case with the inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase where 1,1' [(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]diguanidine, a reversible inhibitor, was more active than 1,1'-[(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]bis-(3-aminoguanidine), an irreversible inhibitor. It is suggested that this effect may be due to the lesser uptake and/or greater chemical reactivity of the latter compound. 4. Various nucleoside derivatives of S-adenosylhomocysteine that inhibited spermidine synthase in vitro did not have significant inhibitory action against polyamine accumulation in the cell. These compounds, which included S-adenosylhomocysteine sulphone, decarboxylated S-adenosylhomocysteine sulphone, decarboxylated S adenosylhomocysteine sulphoxide and S-adenosyl-4-thio-butyric acid sulphone did not inhibit cell growth or polyamine content until cytotoxic concentrations were added. 5. 5'-Methylthioadenosine, 5'-isobutylthioadenosine and 5' methylthiotubercidin, which inhibit aminopropyltransferase activity in vitro, all inhibited cell growth and decreased spermidine content. Although these compounds were most active against spermine synthase in vitro, they acted in the cell primarily to decrease spermidine content. Cell growth could not be restored to normal values by addition of spermidine, suggesting that these nucleosides have another inhibitory action towards cellular proliferation. 6. 5' Methylthioadenosine and 5'-isobutylthioadenosine are degraded by a phosphorylase present in SV3T3 cells, yielding 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate and 5 isobutylthioribose-1-phosphate respectively, and adenine. This degradation appears to decrease the inhibitory action towards cell growth, suggesting that the nucleosides themselves are exerting the inhibitory action. 5' Methylthiotubercidin, which is not a substrate for the phosphorylase and is a competitive inhibitor of it, was the most active of these nucleosides in inhibiting cell growth and spermidine content. 5'-Methylthiotubercidin and alpha difluoromethylornithine had additive effects on retarding cell growth, but not on cellular spermine accumulation, also suggesting that the primary growth inhibiting action of the nucleoside was not on polyamine production. 7. These results support the concept that 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase plays an important role in permitting cell growth to continue by preventing the build-up of inhibitory intracellular concentrations of 5'-methylthioadenosine. PMID- 7305997 TI - Control of electron transfer in the cytochrome system of mitochondria by pH, transmembrane pH gradient and electrical potential. The cytochromes b-c segment. AB - 1. A study is presented of the effects of pH, transmembrane pH gradient and electrical potential on oxidoreductions of b and c cytochromes in ox heart mitochondria and 'inside-out' submitochondrial particles. 2. Kinetic analysis shows that, in mitochondria at neutral pH, there is a restraint on the aerobic oxidation of cytochrome b566 with respect to cytochrome b562. Valinomycin plus K+ accelerates cytochrome b566 oxidation and retards net oxidation of cytochrome b562. At alkaline pH the rate of cytochrome b566 oxidation approaches that of cytochrome b562 and the effects of valinomycin on b cytochromes are impaired. 3. At slightly acidic pH, oxygenation of antimycin-supplemented mitochondria causes rapid reduction of cytochrome b566 and small delayed reduction of cytochrome b562. Valinomycin or a pH increase in the medium promote reduction of cytochrome b562 and decrease net reduction of cytochrome b566. 4. Addition of valinomycin to mitochondria and submitochondrial particles in the respiring steady state causes, at pH values around neutrality, preferential oxidation of cytochrome b566 with respect to cytochrome b562. The differential effect of valinomycin on oxidation of cytochromes b566 and b562 is enhanced by substitution of 1H2O of the medium with 2H2O and tends to disappear as the pH of the medium is raised to alkaline values. 5. Nigericin addition in the aerobic steady state causes, both in mitochondria and submitochondrial particles, preferential oxidation of cytochrome b562 with respect to cytochrome b566. This is accompanied by c cytochrome oxidation in mitochondria but c cytochrome reduction in submitochondrial particles. 6. In mitochondria as well as in submitochondrial particles, the aerobic transmembrane potential (delta psi) does not change by raising the pH of the external medium from neutrality to alkalinity. The transmembrane pH gradient (delta pH) on the other hand, decrease slightly. 7. The results presented provide evidence that the delta psi component of the aerobic delta microH+ (the sum of the proton chemical and electrical activities) exerts a pH-dependent constraint on forward electron flow from cytochrome b566 to cytochrome b562. This effect is explained as a consequence of anisotropic location of cytochromes b566 and b562 in the membrane and the pH-dependence of the redox function of these cytochromes. Transmembrane delta pH, on the other hand, exerts control on electron flow from cytochrome b562 to c cytochromes. PMID- 7305998 TI - The accumulation of amino acids by mouse ascites-tumour cells. Dependence on but lack of equilibrium with the sodium-ion electrochemical gradient. AB - 1. The fluorescent dye 3,3'-dipropyloxadicarbocyanine was used to show that the tumour cells absorbed 2-aminoisobutyrate, glycine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine and certain other amino acids electrogenically. The Km values with respect to amino acid concentration ([A]o), obtained from the fluorescence assays, varied through the above series from 0.8 to 26 mM, with Vmax. fairly constant. 2. Similar Km values described the uptake of the 14C-labelled amino acids in five instances where this was measured. 3. Each amino acid lowered the membrane potential (E) by 10-20 mV when its cellular concentration ([A]i) had reached a steady value and [A]o was 10mM. In these experiments energy metabolism was maintained by glycolysis, 2,4-dinitrophenol was present and cellular respiration was inhibited. The corresponding net flow of amino acid through the Na+ symport was deduced by making use of the fact that the depolarization an amino acid initially caused was roughly proportional to the net influx of amino acid itself. 4. The steady-state depolarization was attributed to the presence of a leak pathway for the amino acid with a rate coefficient PA. As assayed in the absence of Na+, PA was about 5 fold larger for isoleucine than for glycine. 5. Direct estimates of Vmax./PA were similar to those inferred from the extent of depolarization in the steady state and [A]i. 6. A mathematical model was used to predict [A]i/[A]o in term of the measured values of [Na]o, [Na]i, E, Km and Vmax./PA. The predicted and observed values agreed fairly well when [A]o was 1 mM or 10 mM. 7. [A]i/[A]o varied from about 2.5 for 10 mM-isoleucine to 30 for 1 mM-2-aminoisobutyrate when delta microNa, expressed as a ratio, was ostensibly in the range 19-43. 8. The concentration of 2-aminoisobutyrate from a 0.1 mM solution in the presence or absence of ouabain was consistent with the model, whereas the concentration of isoleucine from a 0.1 mM solution exceeded the predicted values 2-5-fold. 9. The tumour cells concentrated 2-amino-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid by a non-electrogenic mechanism, with which isoleucine may also interact. PMID- 7305999 TI - Metabolism of pent-4-enoate in rat heart. Reduction of the double bond. AB - 1. Soluble extracts from rat heart and liver mitochondria were used to evaluate the early steps in the conversion of pent-4-enoyl-CoA into tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Hitherto the unresolved problem was the reduction of the double bond of pent-4-enoate. 2. Soluble extracts from heart mitochondria reduced pent-4-enoyl-CoA and penta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA in the presence of NADPH at rates (nmol/min per mg of protein) of 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 132 +/- 8 and from the liver mitochondria at the rates of 1.9 +/- 0.2 and 52 +/- 6 respectively. No reduction of acryloyl-CoA was found. 3. We show that primarily the double bond in position 4, not in position 2, of penta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA is reduced. 4. It is concluded that the principal metabolic pathway of penta-4-enoate is reduction of the double bond in position 4 after an initial oxidation of penta-2,4-dienoyl-CoA. The pent 2-enoyl-CoA thus formed can be further metabolized by the usual enzymes of beta oxidation, and by the further metabolism of propionyl-CoA to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. PMID- 7306000 TI - Cystine uptake by rat renal brush-border vesicles. AB - Uptake of L-cystine by brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rat renal cortical tissue was time-dependent and occurred in the absence of cystine reduction. A significant capacity for vesicular binding of cystine was observed. The amount bound increased with time of incubation and could be displaced by thiol reagents. At early time points, cystine uptake measured the transport of cystine into the intravesicular space. Total cystine uptake was mediated by multiple transport systems, including a low-Km high-affinity component which was shared by lysine, arginine, ornithine and glutamine and on which hetero-exchange diffusion of lysine and cystine was demonstrated. PMID- 7306001 TI - The determination of lactate turnover in vivo with 3H- and 14C-labelled lactate. The significance of sites of tracer administration and sampling. AB - L-[3-3H,U-14C]Lactate was administered to starved rats either as a bolus or by continuous infusion. Tracer administration was performed two ways: injection into the vena cava and sampling from the aorta (V-A mode), or injection into the aorta and sampling from the vena cava (A-VC mode). The specific-radioactivity curves after infusion or injection differed markedly with the two procedures. However, the specific radioactivities of 14C-labelled glucose derived from [U-14C]lactate were similar in the two modes. The apparent turnover rates of lactate calculated from the 3H specific-radioactivity curves in the V-A mode were about half those obtained from the 3H specific-radioactivity curves in the A-VC mode. The apparent contribution of lactate carbon to glucose carbon calculated from specific radioactivity curves of the A-VC mode was greater than that obtained from the V-A mode. The apparent recycling of lactate carbon calculated from the specific radioactivities for [U-14C]- and [3-3H]-lactate was greater in the A-VC mode than the V-A mode. [U-14C] Glucose was administered in the two modes, but in contrast with lactate the specific radioactivities were only slightly different. An analysis to account for these observations is presented. It is shown that the two modes represent sampling from different pools of lactate. The significance of sites of tracer administration and sampling for the interpretation of tracer kinetics of compounds present in intracellular and extracellular spaces, and with a high turnover rate, is discussed. We propose that for such compounds, including lactate, alanine and glycerol, the widely used V-A mode leads to a marked underestimate of replacement, mass and carbon recycling, and that the A-VC mode is the preferred method for the assessment of these parameters. PMID- 7306002 TI - Metabolism of 3H- and 14C-labelled lactate in starved rats. AB - 1. [2-(3)H,U-(14)C]- or [3-(3)H,U-(14)C]-Lactate was administered by infusion or bolus injection to overnight-starved rats. Tracer lactate was injected or infused through indwelling cannulas into the aorta and blood was sampled from the vena cava (A-VC mode), or it was administered into the vena cava and sampled from the aorta (V-A mode). Sampling was continued after infusion was terminated to obtain the wash-out curves for the tracer. The activities of lactate, glucose, amino acids and water were followed. 2. The kinetics of labelled lactate in the two modes differed markedly, but the kinetics of labelled glucose were much the same irrespective of mode. 3. The kinetics of (3)H-labelled lactate differed markedly from those for [U-(14)C]lactate. Isotopic steady state was attained in less than 1h of infusion of [(3)H]lactate but required over 6h for [U-(14)C]lactate. 4. (3)H from [2-(3)H]lactate labels glucose more extensive than does that from [3 (3)H]lactate. [3-(3)H]Lactate also labels plasma amino acids. The distribution of (3)H in glucose was determined. 5. Maximal radioactivity in (3)HOH in plasma is attained in less than 1min after injection. Near-maximal radioactivity in [(14)C]glucose and [(3)H]glucose is attained within 2-3min after injection. 6. The apparent replacement rates for lactate were calculated from the areas under the specific-radioactivity curves or plateau specific radioactivities after primed infusion. Results calculated from bolus injection and infusion agreed closely. The apparent replacement rate for [(3)H]lactate from the A-VC mode averaged about 16mg/min per kg body wt. and that in the V-A mode about 8.5mg/min per kg body wt. The apparent rates for [(14)C]lactate (;rate of irreversible disposal') were 8mg/min per kg body wt. for the A-VC mode and 5.5mg/min per kg body wt. for the V-A mode. Apparent recycling of lactate carbon was 55-60% according to the A-VC mode and 35% according to the V-A mode. 7. The specific radioactivities of [U-(14)C]glucose at isotopic steady state were 55% and 45% that of [U-(14)C]lactate in the A-VC and V-A modes respectively. We calculated, correcting for the dilution of (14)C in gluconeogenesis via oxaloacetate, that over 70% of newly synthesized glucose was derived from circulating lactate. 8. Recycling of (3)H between lactate and glucose was evaluated. It has no significant effect on the calculation of the replacement rate, but affects considerably the areas under the wash-out curves for both [2-(3)H]- and [3-(3)H] lactate, and calculation of mean transit time and total lactate mass in the body. Corrected for recycling, in the A-VC mode the mean transit time is about 3min, the lactate mass about 50mg/kg body wt. and the lactate space about 65% of body space. The V-A mode yields a mass and lactate space about half those with the A VC mode. 9. The area under the wash-out curve for [(14)C]lactate is some 20-30 times that for [(3)H]lactate, and apparent carbon mass is 400-500mg/kg body wt. and presumably includes the carbon of glucose, pyruvate and amino acids, which are exchanging rapidly with that of lactate. PMID- 7306003 TI - The presence in serum of proteins which are immunologically cross-reactive with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. AB - Affinity chromatography, with rabbit anti-(human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) IgG, was applied to the isolation from normal human serum of protein, which is immunologically cross-reactive with the urinary glycoprotein. The antigen antibody complex was dissociated with the use of sodium thiocyanate solution, a medium which fails to dissociate urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein-antigen complex. The cross-reactive serum proteins were isolated in amounts of 19-24 mg/l of serum. They have apparent molecular weights, assessed by disc-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, of 125 000, 84 000 and 74 000 respectively, with mobilities differing from that of urinary Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein. They have a much lower immunoreactivity towards the antibody than does the urinary glycoprotein. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein could not be demonstrated in normal serum by the techniques used. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of pathology involving Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. PMID- 7306005 TI - 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate pathway in Pseudomonas putida. 1H n.m.r. study on the ring cleavage site. AB - 1. Ring cleavage of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate by cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas putida leads to 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-(2Z,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid and CO2. 2. The 1H n.m.r. spectrum of the ring-fission product obtained in a 2H2O solution suggests that the extra-diol cleavage occurs between C-3 and C-4. PMID- 7306004 TI - Oxidation-reduction properties of the cytochrome b found in the plasma-membrane fraction of human neutrophils. A possible oxidase in the respiratory burst. AB - The oxidation-reduction midpoint potential of the cytochrome b found in the plasma membrane of human neutrophils has been determined at pH 7.0 (Em,7.0) from measurements of absorption spectra at fixed potentials. In both unstimulated and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated cells Em,7.0 was -245 mV. Changes in pH affected the Em of the cytochrome b, with a slope of approx. 25 mV/pH unit change. The Em,7.0 of the haem group(s) of the membrane-bound myeloperoxidase of human neutrophils was found to be +34 mV. The plasma membranes contained no detectable ubiquinone, and no iron-sulphur compounds were detected by e.p.r. spectroscopy at 5-20 K. No flavins were detected by e.p.r. spectroscopy. The cytochrome b-245 was not reduced by added NADH or NADPH. Dithionite-reduced cytochrome b-245 formed a complex with CO, supplied as a saturated solution, which was dissociated with 26 microseconds illumination from a xenon flash lamp, and the recombination with CO had a half-time of approx. 6 ms. Partly (80%) reduced cytochrome b-245 was oxidized by added air-saturated buffer with a half time faster than 1 s at 20 degrees C, a resolution limited by mixing time. These results are compatible with cytochrome b-245 acting as an oxidase. PMID- 7306006 TI - The binding of [3H]adenosine to synaptosomal and other preparations from the mammalian brain. AB - 1. A high-affinity adenosine-binding site with Kd(adenosine) 0.5-1.3 microM was demonstrated in particulate and synaptosomal fractions isolated from the cerebral cortex of guinea pig, rat and ox. 2. Binding of [3H]adenosine to this site was inhibited by theophylline and by 2-chloroadenosine, but not by four other adenosine analogues. 3. Endogenous adenosine, found to be present in some preparations at approx. 1 pmol/mg of protein, diminished the binding capacity of the preparations for [3H]adenosine. 4. Addition of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-[1-(1-hydroxyethyl)heptyl]-adenine revealed the presence of a second lower affinity binding site with Kd (adenosine) 5-9 microM and a higher maximal adenosine-binding capacity. The inhibitor partially blocked binding to the high-affinity site in preparations from which adenosine deaminase had been removed by washing. 5. To preparations of particulate fractions maintained under iso-osmotic conditions, adenosine attachment was non-saturable and temperature dependent, indicating the existence of an active uptake process. 6. The location and binding constant of the high-affinity adenosine-binding site suggest that it corresponds to the receptor site for adenosine-activated adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7306008 TI - The activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the perfused rat heart by adrenaline and other inotropic agents. AB - Adrenaline resulted in a reversible 4-fold increase in the amount of pyruvate dehydrogenase in its active non-phosphorylated form in the perfused rat heart within 1 min. The increase was less in extent in hearts from starved or diabetic rats or in hearts from control rats oxidizing acetate, unless pyruvate was added to the perfusion medium. Increases could also be induced by other inotropic agents, supporting the hypothesis that increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ can be relayed into mitochondria and influence oxidative metabolism. PMID- 7306009 TI - Phosphorylation in vivo of non-ribosomal proteins from native 40 S ribosomal particles of Krebs II mouse ascites-tumour cells. AB - Four non-ribosomal proteins from native 40 S ribosomal subunits with mol.wts. of 110 000, 84 000, 68 000 and 26 000 were phosphorylated in vivo when ascites cells were incubated in the presence of [32P]Pi. The 110 000-, 84 000- and 26 000 dalton proteins are identical with phosphorylated products from native 40 S subunits after phosphorylation in vitro by a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. Phosphoserine was the major phosphorylated amino acid of the proteins phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7306010 TI - Reappraisal of the quantitative importance of non-skeletal-muscle source of N tau methylhistidine in urine. AB - The claim of Millward, Bates, Grimble, Brown, Nathan & Rennie [(1980) Biochem. J. 190. 225--228] that muscle actomyosin contributes as little as 25% of urinary N tau-methylhistidine is not consistent with other published data from that group [Bates, DeCoster, Grimble, Holloszy, Millward & Rennie (1980) J. Physiol. (London) 303, 41 P] or with literature values. It appears likely that the turnover rate of muscle actomyosin has been considerably underestimated and that when realistic rates of protein turnover are used, muscle tissue remains the major contributor of N tau-methylhistidine in urine. PMID- 7306011 TI - Ribosomal core-particles as the target of ricin. AB - Core-particles and split-proteins were prepared by treatment with ethanol and NH4Cl of control and ricin-treated Artemia salina ribosomes. No modifications of the ricin-treated split-proteins was detected by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the split-proteins from ricin-treated ribosomes complemented control core-particles in poly(U)-directed phenylalanine polymerization. Conversely, ricin-treated core-particles remained totally inactive when supplemented with control split-proteins. PMID- 7306007 TI - UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase of rat central-nervous-system myelin. AB - The properties of ceramide galactosyltransferase associated with myelin and microsomal fractions of rat brain were studied. The enzyme from both the fractions had similar properties during development and synthesized the same molecular species of the product cerebroside. The results suggested that during myelination the turnover rate of enzyme protein is altered instead of regulatory modulation of the enzyme protein. PMID- 7306012 TI - GDP binding to brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria of diabetic--obese (db/db) mice. Decreased binding in both the obese and pre-obese states. AB - GDP binding to brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria from adult diabetic--obese (db/db) mice was significantly less than with lean siblings. Binding was also decreased in the mutant mice before obesity had begun to develop. Decreased GDP binding was found to result from a decrease in the number of binding sites. PMID- 7306013 TI - Inhibition by cycloserine of mitochondrial and cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Isolated hepatocytes were incubated with L-cycloserine and then treated with digitonin so that mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were obtained in 5 s. Mitochondrial and total cellular aspartate aminotransferases (EC 2.6.1.1) were inactivated in parallel. The enzyme was also inhibited in isolated mitochondria incubated with L-cycloserine. These results, in contrast with previous reports, indicate that cycloserine reacts equally with mitochondrial and cytosolic aspartate aminotransferases. PMID- 7306014 TI - Inhibition of H2O2 generation in rat liver mitochondria by radical quenchers and phenolic compounds. AB - Generation of H2O2 by rat liver mitochondria with choline, glycerol 1-phosphate and proline as substrates has been shown by using high-concentration phosphate buffer. Rates obtained under these conditions were higher and more consistent as compared with the earlier reports with high-concentration mannitol/sucrose/Tris buffer. Sulphate ions could replace phosphate indicating a requirement for a high concentration of oxygen-containing anions. H2O2 generation was dependent on the presence of native mitochondria and substrate. Maximal rates with various substrates were found to be the same as with succinate. Values of Km and Vmax for H2O2 generation were considerably less than those obtained for respective dehydrogenase activities, measured by dye reduction. Scavengers of O2-. and OH. inhibited generation of H2O2. ATP, ADP, thyronine derivatives and a number of phenolic compounds also showed very potent inhibitory effects of H2O2 generation, whereas phenyl compound had no effect. Phenolic compounds did not have any effect on mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and choline dehydrogenase activities as well as on O2-. generation by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Inhibition by phenolic compounds may have potential for regulation of the intracellular concentration of H2O2, that is not considered to have a "second messenger' function. PMID- 7306016 TI - Bacterial conversion of phenylalanine and aromatic carboxylic acids into dihydrodiols. AB - Strain E of chloridazon-degrading bacteria, when grown on L-phenylalanine accumulates cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyphenylalanine. In experiments with resting cells and during growth the bacterium converts the aromatic carboxylic acids phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate and phenyl-lactate into the corresponding cis-2,3-dihydrodiol compounds. The amino acids L-phenylalanine, N acetyl-L-phenylalanine and t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine were also transformed into dihydrodiols. All seven dihydrodiols, thus obtained, were characterized both by conventional analytical techniques and by the ability to serve as substrates for a cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase. PMID- 7306015 TI - Relative synthesis of cardiac contractile proteins. Evidence for synthesis from the same precursor pool. AB - The relative molar synthesis of cardiac contractile proteins has been measured in the perfused heart under control haemodynamic conditions. This synthesis, of myosin heavy chains, individual light chains (1 and 2), actin and tropomyosin, was determined from isolated guinea-pig hearts perfused for 3h simultaneously with constant specific radioactivities and concentrations of [3H]lysine and [3H]phenylalanine. The data strongly suggest that all of the proteins studied were synthesized from the same precursor pools of lysine and phenylalanine, since the ratio of the specific activities of the two labels was the same in all of the proteins. Measurement of molar synthesis of each contractile protein was the same with either labelled amino acid. Under control haemodynamic-perfusion conditions, the relative molar synthesis of the contractile proteins was actin greater than heavy chains greater than light chain 2 greater than light chain 1 greater than tropomyosin. PMID- 7306017 TI - Effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on skeletal-muscle proteolysis. AB - It is not clear whether the muscle wasting commonly observed in hyperthyroidism is due to alteration in the rate of protein synthesis or degradation. The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on skeletal-muscle proteolysis in the rat was studied by measuring alanine and tyrosine release from isolated skeletal muscles in vitro and 3-methyl-histidine excretion in vivo. Alanine release from the isolated epitrochlaris-muscle preparation was increased as soon as 24h after a 25 microgram dose of L-tri-iodothyronine in vivo. Conversely, alanine release from muscles of hypothyroid rats was decreased, but restored by L-tri-iodothyronine supplementation before death. Furthermore, 3-methylhistidine excretion was increased in hyperthyroid rats throughout an 18-day treatment period. The increased amino acid release from isolated muscles and the increased 3 methylhistidine excretion in vivo strongly suggests that hyperthyroidism increases skeletal-muscle proteolysis. Furthermore, the thyroid-hormone concentration may be an important factor in regulating muscle proteolysis. PMID- 7306018 TI - Newly biosynthesized cytochrome P-450 associated with the golgi apparatus from livers of rats induced with phenobarbital. AB - 1. Cytochrome P-450 has been detected in preparations of golgi apparatus from the livers of phenobarbital-induced rats. 2. Newly biosynthesized cytochrome P-450 is also present in preparations of golgi apparatus. By using three different techniques to fractionate the golgi into vesicle contents and membrane components it was found that newly biosynthesized cytochrome P-450 is associated solely with the membrane fraction. 3. By investigating the susceptibility of cytochrome P 450, present in the golgi apparatus, to the action of trypsin it was found that the majority was oriented on the cytosolic face of the membrane. PMID- 7306019 TI - Intracellular ionic changes in normal and transformed human fibroblasts after extracellular Ca2+ deprivation. AB - The lowering of extracellular Ca2+ concentration in the growth medium reversibly blocks normal, but not SV40-transformed WI38 diploid fibroblasts in the early G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. This growth response is characterized by specific changes in ionic content and transport. Ca2+ deprivation (0.03 mM) has little effect on the K+ content of either normal or transformed cells. Na+ content, however, is increased nearly 2-fold in the normal cells. This increase is presumably due to a 3-fold increase in unidirectional Na+ influx in Ca2+-deprived cells. The increased intracellular Na+ also gives rise to a nearly 3-fold enhancement of the active (ouabain-sensitive) Na+ efflux. Ca2+ deprivation causes only slight increases in Na+ influx, ouabain-sensitive Na+ efflux and intracellular Na+ in the transformed cell. In contrast, the transformed cells lose nearly 60% of their intracellular Ca2+ on deprivation, whereas normal WI38 cells lose only 10%. The data suggest that the growth arrest exhibited by the normal cell but not the transformed cell may be related to different membrane transport and permeability changes in response to Ca2+ deprivation. PMID- 7306021 TI - The cytochromes in microsomal fractions of germinating mung beans. AB - Detailed studies of microsomal cytochromes from mung-bean radicles showed the presence of cytochrome P-420, particularly in dark-grown seedlings, accompanied by smaller quantities of cytochrome P-450. Similar proportions of cytochrome P 420 to cytochrome P-450 were found spectrophotometrically in vivo with whole radicles and hypocotyls. Assayed in vitro, maximum concentrations of both cytochromes were attained after 4 days of growth, before undergoing rapid degradation. Illumination of seedlings stabilized cytochrome P-450 and decreased the amount of cytochrome P-420. Three b cytochromes were present in the microsomal fraction, namely cytochromes b-562.5 (Em + 105 +/- 23 mV), b-560.5 (Em + 49 +/- 13 mV) and b5 (Em - 45 +/- 14 mV), all at pH 7.0. Of the b cytochromes, cytochrome b5 alone undergoes a rapid degradation after day 4, Changes in cytochrome b concentrations were confined to the microsomal fraction: mitochondrial b cytochrome concentrations were unaltered with age. Protohaem degradation (of exogenous methaemalbumin) was detected in microsomal fractions of mung beans. The rates of degradation were highest in extracts of young tissue and declined after day 4. The degradation mechanism and products did not resemble those of mammalian haem oxygenase. PMID- 7306020 TI - Studies in vivo of the tissue uptake, cellular distribution and catabolic turnover of exogenous glucocerebrosidase in rat. AB - The kinetics of plasma clearance of highly purified human placental glucocerebrosidase in rats were biphasic with 75% of the infused dose showing a rapid clearance (t1/2 = 11 min) and the remaining 25% a considerably lower rate (t1/2 = 60 min). The majority of the enzyme (60%) was taken up by the liver. Although saturation kinetics for the clearance or uptake were not observed, the very high hepatic endocytic index (217 microliter/min) of glucocerebrosidase uptake indicated that liver uptake was mediated by an adsorptive endocytic process. Analysis of the cellular distribution of recovered glucocerebrosidase revealed predominantly parenchymal cell uptake with 38% of the exogenous enzyme in hepatocytes and only 2% in sinusoidal cells. High-mannose glycoproteins blocked hepatocyte and sinusoidal cell uptake of glucocerebrosidase equally. Kinetic experiments failed to demonstrate a transfer or shuttle of exogenous glucocerebrosidase from sinusoidal cells to hepatocytes. The possibility was raised that uptake of enzyme by the liver may be mediated by a common receptor that functions in both hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells. The catabolic turnover of exogenous glucocerebrosidase in rat liver was biphasic and the rate of decline was similar in hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells. PMID- 7306022 TI - Studies on the binding of iron by rabbit intestinal microvillus membranes. AB - 1. 59Fe binding by microvillus membranes purified from rabbit intestine was studied by means of a microfiltration procedure. 2. Binding activity from ferrous ascorbate chelates was 100-fold greater than from ferric chelates of citrate and nitrilotriacetate. Dual-label experiments indicated dissociation of iron complexes before binding to the membranes. 3. Binding was inhibited at low incubation temperatures and was optimal at neutral pH. 4. Binding activity was reduced in ileal preparations when compared with membranes prepared from proximal intestine. 5. Initial binding velocity followed saturation kinetics over the range 45-450 microM-iron: it was weakly inhibited in the presence of excess Co2+ and V3+. 6. The data provide additional evidence for high-affinity iron-binding sites on the intestinal microvillus membrane and indicate properties that may reflect the functional significance of the binding step in the absorption pathway for iron. PMID- 7306023 TI - Separation of haemopoietic cells for biochemical investigation. Preparation of erythroid and myeloid cells from human and laboratory-animal bone marrow and the separation of erythroblasts according to their state of maturation. AB - The separation of haemopoietic bone-marrow cells by centrifugation through discontinuous density gradients of Percoll is described. This method was used to prepare fractions enriched in erythroblasts, myeloid blast cells or reticulocytes from bone marrow of anaemic and non-anaemic rabbits, from the marrow of other anaemic laboratory animals and from human samples. It is a simple, rapid, reproducible and inexpensive technique that can be readily adapted to suit individual requirements. Secondly, a convenient method is presented for the separation of large quantities of bone-marrow cells into fractions enriched in erythroblasts at different stages of maturation, by velocity sedimentation through a linear gradient of 1-2% sucrose at unit gravity. In vitro, erythroblasts adhere together strongly via a mechanism almost certainly involving a beta-galactoside-specific surface lectin termed erythroid developmental agglutinin. Since the efficiency of cell-separation techniques depends heavily on the maintenance of a single cell suspension in which each unit can move independently, the presence of an adhesive molecule at the cell surface is of considerable significance. The effect of washing the marrow with a lactose containing medium, which has been shown to remove the agglutinin, was therefore investigated in relation to both methods. The separation on Percoll gradients is considerably enhanced by this treatment. In addition, the unit-gravity sedimentation gradient can be loaded with 5-10 times more cells after lactose extraction in comparison with intact marrow. Although enrichment is less, a useful fractionation according to maturation is still obtained. PMID- 7306024 TI - Potent inhibition of membrane-bound rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase by a new series of phosphate analogues. AB - The inhibition by phosphonates and phosphate analogues of the alkaline phosphatase activity of rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles was studied at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C. Phenylene-1,3-diphosphonate, 2,6 dinitrophenylphosphonate and phosphonoacetaldehyde were found to be competitive inhibitors, with Ki values in the range 16-80 microM. Adenosine 5'-[beta thio]diphosphate and adenosine 5'[gamma-thio]triphosphate are also very potent inhibitors, with Ki values of approx. 10 microM. The inhibition produced by these thiophosphates was mainly competitive but with a slight non-competitive element. Adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate is also a competitive inhibitor of the alkaline phosphatase, but oxidation of the ribose moiety of this compound with NaIO4 results in an active-site-directed irreversible inhibitor that could be of general use in studies of the mechanism of action of this enzyme. PMID- 7306025 TI - The use of potent inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase to investigate the role of the enzyme in intestinal transport of inorganic phosphate. AB - In an investigation of the link between Pi transport and alkaline phosphatase in mammalian small intestine, the characteristics of Pi uptake by brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from rat intestine were compared with the properties of the tissue alkaline phosphatase. The NaCl-dependent Pi uptake had a Km of 0.1 mM at pH 7.5 and was inhibited totally by 1 mM-arsenate and by 1 mM-vanadate. These compounds are also potent competitive inhibitors of the alkaline phosphatase activity of the vesicles, with Ki values less than 5 microM at pH 7.5. When the effect on Pi uptake of several other potent inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, including phosphonates and phosphate analogues, was tested, however, it was found that there was little, if any, inhibition of transport under conditions in which the inhibition of phosphatase activity was total. Incubation of the vesicles for 20 min with oxidized adenosine 5'-[beta gamma imido]triphosphate followed by rapid gel filtration to remove the inhibitor resulted in an irreversible loss of phosphatase activity, but left Pi transport unimpaired. Conversely, a similar prolonged incubation with adenosine 5'-[beta thio]diphosphate or adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate had no effect on alkaline phosphatase activity but resulted in a permanent partial loss of transport capability. The failure to demonstrate an inhibition of Pi transport resulting from inhibition of alkaline phosphatase and the different responses of enzymic activity and Pi transport to irreversible inhibition make it very unlikely that the enzyme is directly involved in the transport system. PMID- 7306027 TI - Factors controlling the expressed activity of histidine ammonia-lyase in the epidermis and the resulting accumulation of urocanic acid. AB - The synthesis of urocanic acid by histidine ammonia-lyase in guinea-pig epidermis was investigated in various ways. 1. In epidermal homogenates the enzyme obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics and shows marked dependence of its activity of pH, such that below pH 6 it is inactive. 2. Part-thickness skin samples cultured with radioactive histidine do not accumulate detectable radioactive urocanic acid during 3 days in culture. 3. Very little histidine ammonia-lyase activity can be detected in the living cells of the epidermis. The enzyme is almost completely restricted to the dead cells of the stratum corneum. 4. Radioactive histidine injected into living animals does not result immediately in the accumulation of radioactive urocanic acid. By 3 days after the injection, however, both radioactive urocanic acid and histidine appear, apparently at the expense of radioactive proteins, 5. In isolated stratum corneum, the residual histidine can be converted into urocanic acid by the histidine ammonia-lyase in the tissue only if the natural acidity of the tissue is neutralized. It is concluded from these observations that the biosynthesis of urocanic acid occurs naturally only in the stratum corneum, which contains only dead cells. The amount of urocanic acid accumulated is limited by the availability of free histidine produced by proteolysis of residual protein in these cells and by the penetration into the stratum corneum of the 'acid mantle' of the skin. PMID- 7306028 TI - Purification and physicochemical characterization of a human cytotoxic factor produced by a human haemic cell line. AB - A cytotoxic factor, produced by a human lymphoblastoid cell line [Karpas (1977) Br. J. Cancer 35, 152--160; Karpas (1977) Br. J. Cancer 36, 437--445], was purified both from the cell extracts and from the culture medium containing the cell lysate, by using ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A- Sepharose and on [3H]amino-ethanol--glass beads. Two factors, Factor I and Factor II, were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Factor I was eluted from this column at 30 mM-aminoethanol/HCl buffer, pH 8.0, whereas Factor II was bound strongly to DEAE-cellulose and was eluted only at 325 mM-aminoethanol/HCl buffer, pH 8.0. The purified Factor I migrated as a single band on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point, pI, was 8.0 +/- 0.3. Its sedimentation coefficient, S20,w, was 3.5 +/- 0.1 S and its apparent molecular weight, Mr, was 65 000 +/- 1000 as determined by sedimentation-velocity and sedimentation equilibrium measurements. A linear relationship between molecular weight and concentration was found in equilibrium runs, suggesting a non-spherical shape of the molecule. Factor I is not a glycoprotein, inasmuch as it does not bind to concanavalin A--Sepharose. It consists of two subunits (Mr 32 000 +/- 4000), migrating on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis as a single band. Factor II had pI 6.0 +/- 0.4 and Mr 75 000 +/- 3000. Factors I and II are thus different proteins. PMID- 7306026 TI - Effects of retinoids and phorbol esters on the sensitivity of different cell lines to the polypeptide toxins modeccin, abrin, ricin and diphtheria toxin. AB - The effects of retinoic acid and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate on the sensitivities of a number of cell lines to the toxins modeccin, abrin, ricin and diphtheria toxin were studied. Retinoic acid and some other retinoids were found to protect a number of the cell lines against the toxins. HeLa cells that were protected bound much more retinoic acid than L-cells that were not protected. The tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate was found to increase the sensitivity of cells to abrin, ricin and modeccin in the absence as well as in the presence of retinoic acid. Neither retinoic acid nor 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate affected the extent of binding and pinocytotic uptake of toxins by the cells. Apparently retinoic acid and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate interfere with the entry of the toxins through the cell membrane. PMID- 7306029 TI - Synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase in vitro from first-trimester and term human placentas. AB - The synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatases in vitro by human placental tissue incubated in organ culture were studied. First-trimester placenta synthesizes and secretes two different alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes (heat labile and heat-stable), whereas in term placenta nearly all the alkaline phosphatase synthesized and secreted is heat-stable. The specific activities of alkaline phosphatases in first-trimester and term placental tissue remain constant throughout the time course of incubation. In the media, specific activities increase with time. Hence, alkaline phosphatase synthesis seems to be the driving force for its own secretion. The rates of synthesis de novo and of alkaline phosphatases were measured. The specific radioactivities of the secreted alkaline phosphatases were higher than the corresponding specific radioactivities in the tissue throughout the entire incubation period. The intracellular distribution of the alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes was compared. PMID- 7306030 TI - Membrane-mediated control of hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. AB - Previously we [Sabine & James (1976) Life Sci. 18, 1185--1192] proposed that 'the activity of hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase is critically regulated by the fluidity of its supporting microsomal membrane'. In the present work we examined further this concept of membrane-mediated control, with respect to the specific hypothesis that such control might function as a common mechanism both for the co-ordinated regulation of other enzymes affected by cholesterol feeding and also for the subcellular integration of the several physiological factors known to influence this enzyme's activity. Contrary to earlier expectations, this hypothesis now appears not to hold. We report here that, under those conditions of short-term cholesterol feeding that affected the reductase, a variety of other microsomal enzymes did not display membrane function interactions, i.e. neither enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism and also affected by cholesterol feeding (cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase), nor those involved in cholesterol metabolism and not affected by cholesterol feeding (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA hydrolase, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase), nor those not directly involved in cholesterol metabolism at all (glucose 6 phosphatase). Furthermore, we observed no evidence for the operation of membrane mediated control of the reductase in other situations known to influence its activity, i.e. starvation, diurnal rhythm, the very early stages of cholesterol feeding and various manipulations in vitro. PMID- 7306033 TI - Reconstruction of the smaller subparticle of rabbit ribosomes from core-particle and split-protein fractions. AB - The smaller subparticle of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes was shown to yield core particle and split-protein fractions on treatment with 2.5 M-NH4Cl/61 mM-MgCl2. The core-particle fraction was inactive in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis, but activity was restored after recombination with the split-protein fraction. Optimum ionic conditions for the reconstruction of active subparticles were found to be 0.75 M-NH4Cl/19 mM-MgCl2 at 0 degrees C. Improved extents of reconstruction were obtained when the core-particles were isolated by methods that avoided pelleting. Core-particles isolated from subparticles pretreated with either proteinases or ribonucleases had diminished capacity to become re activated. PMID- 7306032 TI - Reconstitution into liposomes of membrane proteins involved in ribosome binding on rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosome-binding capacity. AB - A membrane protein fraction having a high affinity for polyribosomes was isolated from microsomal membranes of rat liver and was incorporated into liposomes made from microsomal lipids to evaluate the polyribosome-binding capacity of the reconstituted liposomes, with the following results. (1) The polyribosome binding to the reconstituted liposomes depended on the amounts of polyribosomes added to the binding mixture. (2) Liposomes made from lipids alone did not bind any polyribosomes. (3) The polyribosome-binding capacity of the reconstituted liposomes was very sensitive to proteolytic enzyme and strongly inhibited by addition of 0.1 mM-aurintricarboxylic acid or by increasing KCl concentration. These results suggest that the binding mechanism of polyribosomes to the reconstituted liposomes is much like that for rough microsomal membrane stripped of endogenous polyribosomes. PMID- 7306031 TI - Functional development of sex accessory organs of the male rat. Use of oestradiol benzoate to identify the neonatal period as critical for development of normal protein-synthetic and secretory capabilities. AB - Functional development of the sex accessory tissues was studied in the male rat. Three potentially crucial developmental periods (neonatal, prepubertal and pubertal) were examined, and then the functional integrity of the accessory tissues was investigated in the adult, when the animals would have been expected to display normal function. Four accessory tissues (the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and caput and cauda epididymides) were used because of their different embryological origins and responses to androgens in the adult. Synthesis and secretion of previously characterized tissue-specific androgen-dependent proteins were taken as indicators of normal function. Development was perturbed by using oestradiol benzoate, since this was known to affect gross development of the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate when given to neonatal rats. Treatment during the first 5 days after birth severely restricted development of the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate. Protein secreted by the former was only 1% of the normal amount, and in many cases several major secretory proteins were essentially missing. Prostatic protein secretion was less than 20% of normal, but all the major proteins were detectable. In both tissues overall protein synthesis per cell was quantitatively normal, but the proportion devoted to specific major secretory proteins was markedly depressed, i.e. the response is differential. In contrast, treatment during the prepubertal period was without noticeable effects. Development of the seminal vesicles and prostate was somewhat inhibited by treatment at puberty, but these changes were minor compared with those after neonatal exposure to oestradiol benzoate. No effects on epididymal protein synthesis or secretory proteins were observed, and epididymal weight and DNA content were only moderately decreased regardless of when oestradiol benzoate was administered during sexual maturation. Hence the neonatal period is not so critical for epididymal development. The substantial changes elicited by oestrogen treatment during neonatal life in seminal-vesicle and prostatic protein synthesis and secretion were compared with those evoked in sexually mature males by either oestrogen treatment or castration. Both these latter treatments resulted in a general decrease in seminal-vesicle protein synthesis and secretion, but the marked differential effects on major proteins after neonatal exposure were absent. Castration did, however, evoke a differential prostatic response, but this was not seen after oestrogen treatment of adults. PMID- 7306034 TI - Prostaglandin biosynthesis and lipolysis in subcellular fractions from rabbit kidney medulla. AB - Three separate prostaglandin-generating activities are associated with plasma membranes, mitochondria and microsomal fractions from rabbit kidney medulla. In the plasma membranes and mitochondria, but not in microsomal fractions, Ca2+ ions stimulate the activity of phospholipase A2, yielding selective release of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid and concomitant increase in prostaglandin E2 formation. PMID- 7306035 TI - The variation with age of nuclear phosphoproteins released during micrococcal nuclease digestion and nucleosomal phosphoproteins in three cell types from rat liver. AB - The nucleosomal non-histone phosphoproteins, and phosphoproteins released during the digestion of nuclei by micrococcal nuclease, were studied in three rat liver nuclear populations, namely diploid stromal, diploid parenchymal, and tetraploid parenchymal nuclei, which were separated by zonal centrifugation, in 3-week-old rats in which the parenchymal cells contain diploid nuclei and in 2- and 4-month old rats with increasing proportions of parenchymal tetraploid nuclei. Qualitative and quantitative differences in nucleosomal phosphoprotein band patterns were found among different types of nuclei and ages. More phosphoprotein bands were found in nucleosomes derived from parenchymal than stromal nuclei. The number of phosphoproteins released during micrococcal-nuclease digestion increased with age for parenchymal nuclei. The significance of these results, considered in conjunction with the increase of DNA repeat length and decrease of nuclease accessibility with age, is discussed. PMID- 7306036 TI - Dissociation of tumour-promoter-induced effects on prostaglandin release, polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation of 3T3 cells. AB - The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate induces tumour promotion, inflammation, cell proliferation and prostaglandin release. Recent reports suggest that the prostaglandins released by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) initiate a cascade of events leading to polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation. In experiments designed to test this contention, it was found that addition of TPA (1 microM to 1 nM) to confluent mouse 3T3 fibroblasts successively caused the release of prostaglandins E2 and I2, induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, and cell proliferation. Pretreatment of the cells with the anti-inflammatory steroid dexamethasone (1 microM) or the non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug indomethacin (1 microM) inhibited TPA-induced prostaglandin release. However, dexamethasone enhanced the other effects of TPA, whereas indomethacin was ineffective. Addition of prostaglandin E2 to the cultures did not induce ornithine decarboxylase activity and cell proliferation. Pretreatment of the cells with 1,3-diaminopropane (1 mM) or alpha-methylornithine (5 mM), inhibitors of polyamine synthesis, decreased TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity without affecting DNA synthesis. TPA stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, even when the ornithine decarboxylase activity was completely blocked. These data suggest that the proliferative effect of TPA on 3T3 cells is independent of prostaglandin release and polyamine synthesis. PMID- 7306038 TI - The construction, identification and partial characterization of plasmids containing guinea-pig milk protein complementary DNA sequences. AB - A complementary DNA (cDNA) plasmid library has been constructed in the plasmid pAT153, using poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from the lactating guinea-pig mammary gland as the starting material. Double stranded cDNA was inserted into the EcoRI site of the plasmid using poly(dA . dT) tails, then transformed into Escherichia coli HB101. From the resulting colonies we have selected and partially characterized plasmids containing cDNA copies of the mRNAs for casein A, casein B, casein C and alpha-lactalbumin. However, the proportion containing casein C cDNA was exceptionally low, and these contained at best 60% of the mRNA sequence. PMID- 7306037 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and vitamin K epoxidation. Evidence that the warfarin-sensitive microsomal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase reduces vitamin K1 in these reactions. AB - Passage of a Triton X-100-solubilized microsomal systems in vitro that are used to study these reactions is the warfarin-sensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenase. PMID- 7306039 TI - Differential expression of alpha-lactalbumin and casein genes during the onset of lactation in the guinea-pig mammary gland. AB - 1. The expression of alpha-lactalbumin and casein genes was examined in guinea pig mammary tissue taken from animals both pre- and post-partum. 2. Analysis of total RNA by RNA excess hybridization with sequence-specific complementary DNA probes demonstrated that alpha-lactalbumin mRNA was present late in pregnancy, and that maximum concentrations were present at parturition. Casein gene transcripts were absent late in pregnancy (62 days), but by parturition were present at concentrations identical to those found at all time points examined throughout lactation. 3. Studies using mammary explants in organ culture showed that tissue from pregnant animals, or animals at parturition, synthesized and secreted only alpha-lactalbumin. After parturition, at the onset of casein synthesis, differential rates of secretion of alpha-lactalbumin and the caseins were observed. 4. The results are discussed in terms of the multiple intracellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of milk protein gene expression in the guinea-pig mammary gland. PMID- 7306040 TI - Reassembly of wall domains of Roman-snail (Helix pomatia) beta-haemocyanin. AB - beta-Haemocyanin molecules consist of 20 very large polypeptide chains. These chains are composed of eight structural domains. So-called 'collar' domains can be removed by trypsinolysis of the native cylindrical molecule, resulting in an association of the remaining hollow cylinders into large tubular polymers. Dissociation of the tubular polymers gives one single- and four multi-domain fragments. The role of these fragments in the reassembly process of these tubular polymers was investigated. The two-domain fragment could form tubular polymers. The other domain fragments were not able to form tubular polymers unless in the presence of the two-domain fragment. Tubular polymers with enlarged diameter and ribbon-like structures were observed in the reassembly products when the one domain fragment was omitted. PMID- 7306041 TI - Synthesis of the erythrocyte anion-transport protein. Immunochemical study of its incorporation into the plasma membrane of erythroid cells. AB - We studied the surfaces of maturing rabbit bone-marrow erythroid cells for the presence of the erythrocyte anion-transport protein by using an immunochemical method. An antibody was raised against the purified anion-transport protein. The antibody was shown to react specifically with the anion-transport protein and it recognized determinants in the extracellular as well as the cytoplasmic or intramembranous domains of the protein. The binding of the antibody to the surface of intact rabbit bone-marrow erythroid cells was studied by using the Staphylococcus aureus 'rosette' technique described by Gahmberg, Jokinen & Andersson [(1978) Blood 52, 379-386]. Although pronormoblasts had little of the protein, there was a progressive increase in the amount of the protein at the surface of cells of increasing maturity up to the reticulocyte stage. Most of the protein is inserted into the plasma membrane between the polychromatic-normoblast and reticulocyte stage of the cell. PMID- 7306042 TI - Glycoprotein biosynthesis in animal cells grown in suspension culture. Assembly of lipid-linked saccharides and formation of protein-bound 'high-mannose' oligosaccharides. AB - Glycoprotein biosynthesis was studied with mouse L-cells grown in suspension culture. Glucose-deprived cells incorporated [3H]mannose into 'high-mannose' protein-bound oligosaccharides and a few relatively high-molecular-weight lipid linked oligosaccharides. The latter were retained by DEAE-cellulose and turned over quite slowly during pulse--chase experiments. Increased heterogeneity in size of lipid-linked oligosaccharides developed during prolonged glucose deprivation. Sequential elongation of lipid-linked oligosaccharides was also observed, and conditions that prevented the assembly of the higher lipid-linked oligosaccharides also prevented the formation of the larger protein-bound 'high mannose' oligosaccharides. In parallel experiments, [3H]mannose was incorporated into a total polyribosome fraction, suggesting that mannose residues were transferred co-translationally to nascent protein. Membrane preparations from these cells catalysed the assembly from UDP-N-acetyl-D-[6-3H]glucosamine and GDP D-[U-14C]mannose of polyisoprenyl diphosphate derivatives whose oligosaccharide moieties were heterogeneous in size. Elongation of the N-acetyl-D-[6 3H]glucosamine-initiated glycolipids with mannose residues produced several higher lipid-linked oligosaccharides similar to those seen during glucose deprivation in vivo. Glucosylation of these mannose-containing oligosaccharides from UDP-D-[6-3H]glucose was restricted to those of a relatively high molecular weight. Protein-bound saccharides formed in vitro were mainly smaller in size than those assembled on the lipid acceptors. These results support the involvement of lipid-linked saccharides in the synthesis of asparagine-linked glycoproteins, but show both in vivo and in vitro that protein-bound 'high mannose' oligosaccharide formation can occur independently of higher lipid-linked oligosaccharide synthesis. PMID- 7306044 TI - Tridecaptin stimulates the formation of lipid-linked saccharides in aorta. AB - The peptide antibiotic tridecaptin caused a 2--4-fold stimulation in the incorporation of mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose and glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose into lipid-linked monosaccharides by both the particulate and the soluble enzyme fractions from pig aorta. In both cases, the major products and the ones stimulated by antibiotic were dolichyl phosphate mannose and dolichyl phosphate glucose. The stimulation in activity was unaffected by increasing concentrations of dolichyl phosphate, GDP-mannose, UdP-glucose, Mn2+ or the detergent Nonidet P40. Tridecaptin stimulation was apparently not due to protection of sugar nucleotide substrate, since addition of various concentrations of sugar nucleotides did not alter the stimulation. Nor did the addition of tridecaptin result in any increase in the amount of radioactive sugar nucleotide recovered from incubation mixtures. Tridecaptin bound to the particulate enzyme and could not be removed by centrifugation of the particles. PMID- 7306045 TI - Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of the terminal dioxygenase protein of benzene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida. AB - Mossbauer spectra obtained from the terminal dioxygenase protein of the benzene dioxygenase system from Pseudomonas putida show that it contains [2Fe--2S] centres similar to those of the two-iron plant-type ferredoxins. In the oxidized form the two iron atoms within the centre are high-spin ferric but with considerable inequivalence. In the reduced form the centre contains one extra electron, and this is localized on one of the iron atoms, which becomes high-spin ferrous. PMID- 7306043 TI - Preparation and characterization of histone H1 from the sperm of the sea-urchin Sphaerechinus granularis. AB - The separation and purification of histone H1 from the sperm of the sea-urchin Sphaerechinus granularis is described. Physical studies were used to compare this histone H1 molecule with H1 histones from other species. C.d. and 270 MHz n.m.r. spectroscopy indicate that, despite significant compositional differences from other sea-urchin sperm H1 histones, their secondary and tertiary structures are very similar. A large difference in helicity was, however, found between S. granularis histone H1 and calf thymus histone H1, and their n.m.r. and fluorescence spectra also differ considerably. It is concluded that secondary structure and tertiary structure have not been conserved in the evolution of the H1 histone family. PMID- 7306046 TI - Computer simulation of protein self-association during small-zone gel filtration. Estimation of equilibrium constants. AB - A simulation is developed that qualitatively describes the small-zone-gel filtration behaviour of a reversibly associating protein. The results reflect the dependence of the apparent molecular weight of a reversibly associating protein on the equilibrium constant (KD) and initial concentration of the protein as well as the column length. The behaviour of a protein on an individual column is characterized and thus a means is provided for estimation of KD. The procedure is extended to describe the behaviour of a mixture of two proteins capable of heterologous as well as homologous association. This computer simulation has been applied in association studies of immunoglobulin light chains [Stevens, Westholm, Solomon & Schiffer (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 77, 1144--1148]. The KD value determined for the Bence--Jones protein Au (10(5) M-1) is close to the value (6.6 X 10(4) M-1) determined by other methods [Maeda, Steffen & Engel (1978) Biophys. Chem. 9, 57-64]. PMID- 7306047 TI - Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in relation to cell age. AB - Acetylcholinesterase was studied in human red cells that had been fractionated on Ficoll/Triosil density gradients into classes representing different ages in vivo. Reticulocytes have negligible acetylcholinesterase activity; this is rapidly acquired on maturation to the erythrocyte. The activity per cell reaches a maximum and then, after a constant period, declines again towards the end of cell life. The maximum activity and the rates of activity gain and loss per cell are quantitatively different in adults and children. Kinetic studies showed that Vmax. follows the same age/activity profile but Km is unaffected by cell age. The acetylcholinesterase protein content, determined by quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis, also shows a profile of increase and then decrease with cell age but the specific activity calculated from the protein estimate shows a reverse picture in which there is a slight decrease from young to mid-age cells followed by an increase again in older cells. These results are interpreted to indicate a complex developmental picture in which the overall cell age against enzyme activity profile is determined partly by the amount of enzyme protein present and partly from the modifying effect on the enzyme activity, of interactions with an aging cell membrane. PMID- 7306048 TI - Absence of the iron-containing superoxide dismutase in mitochondria from mustard (Brassica campestris). AB - Mitochondria were isolated from mature leaves as well as etiolated seedlings of Brassica campestris (mustard), a eukaryote previously shown to possess the iron containing isoenzyme of superoxide dismutase. On the basis of KCN- and H2O2 sensitivity, and on polyacrylamide-gel analysis, only the cuprozinc and mangano superoxide dismutases were found in mitochondria. The iron-containing enzyme was absent. The mangano enzyme was found in the mitochondrial matrix, whereas the cuprozinc enzyme appeared to be localized in the intermembrane space. PMID- 7306049 TI - Plant leaf alanine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Peroxisomal localization and identity with glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase. AB - The distribution of alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf homogenates was examined by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. About 55% of the total homogenate activity was localized in the peroxisomes and the remainder in the soluble fraction. The peroxisomes contained a single form of alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, and the soluble fraction contained two forms of the enzyme. Both the peroxisomal enzyme and the soluble predominant form (about 90% of the total soluble activity) were co-purified with glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase to homogeneity; it had been reported to be present exclusively in the peroxisomes of plant leaves and to participate in the glycollate pathway in leaf photorespiration [Tolbert (1971) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 22, 45-74]. The evidence indicates that alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase activities are associated with the same protein. The peroxisomal and soluble enzyme preparations had nearly identical properties, suggesting that the soluble predominant alanine aminotransferase activity is from broken peroxisomes and about 96% of the total homogenate activity is located in peroxisomes. PMID- 7306050 TI - Investigations of rat liver uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. Comparisons of porphyrinogens I and III as substrates and the inhibition by porphyrins. AB - 1. The decarboxylations of uroporphyrinogens, hepta-, hexa- and penta carboxyporphyrinogens I and III by porphyrinogen carboxy-lyase (EC 4.1.1.37) in rat liver supernatant have been compared as functions of substrate concentrations. Although Km and Vmax. (for total porphyrinogens formed) were estimated, prophyrinogens and CO2 produced at 1 microM were considered to be a better indication of real relative rates, owing to substrate/product inhibitions. Uroporphyrinogen III was the best substrate by the criteria of Km/Vmax. and decarboxylation at 1 microM and was converted into coproporphyrinogen more quickly than its series-I isomer. 2. The difference between uroporphyrinogens I and III as substrates was confirmed by using a mixture of [14C8]uroporphyrinogens, the discrimination occurring principally in the first decarboxylation. 3. Porphyrins, especially oxidation products of the substrates, inhibited the enzyme. Heptacarboxyporphyrin III was the most effective inhibitor of both uroporphyrinogen III and heptacarboxyporphyrinogen III conversion into coproporphyrinogen. 4. Rapid analysis of the livers from rats made porphyric with hexachlorobenzene demonstrated that substantial quantities of the tetrapyrroles were present in vivo as the porphyrinogens (21-42%). 5. Enzymic decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen III in 2H2O-containing buffer gave [2H4]coproporphyrinogen. 6. Rats treated with cycloheximide for 10h showed no decrease in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity/mg of protein, suggesting a relatively slow turnover of the enzyme. PMID- 7306052 TI - Purification and characterization of cholyl-CoA: taurine N-acetyltransferase from the liver of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus). AB - The enzymological basis for the ability of mammalian liver to conjugate bile acids with both glycine and taurine, and for non-mammalian liver to make only taurine conjugates, was investigated. The taurine-conjugating enzyme has been purified 1200-fold from the liver of domestic fowl and its properties compared with those of the glycine/taurine-conjugating enzyme from bovine liver [Czuba & Vessey (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 5296-5299]. The enzyme from both species followed a Ping Pong mechanism. The enzymes were also similar with respect to their affinity for taurine, although the enzyme from domestic fowl would not bind glycine. The affinity of both for cholyl-CoA was quite similar, too, and both enzymes were inhibited reversibly by p-mercuribenzoate. The enzymes, however, were quite different in size. The enzyme from domestic fowl had a mol.wt. of 63000-65000 by both gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. This is approx. 15 000 mol.wt. units larger than the enzyme from bovine liver, and suggests a loss of genome over the course of evolution as the basis for the altered specificity at the amino-acid binding site. PMID- 7306051 TI - A common source of error in pH measurements. AB - Glass-electrode assemblies in which the reference half-cell contains a porous ceramic type of liquid junction are likely to produce misleading pH measurements under normal service conditions. The error arises from substantial liquid junction potentials, associated with the porous ceramic plug, which vary with the ionic composition of the solution under test. The error is not revealed by conventional two-point calibration procedures, since the majority of standard buffer solutions have a similar total ionic strength, but will nevertheless be present when the unknown solution differs in ionic strength from the standardizing buffers. The size of the error is proportional to the ratio between the salt concentration in the standard buffers and the concentration present in the unknown solution, and varies from one electrode specimen to another. The fault was present in 24 out of 30 electrodes in normal use selected at random from seven laboratories, and the mean error was 0.2pH unit per 10-fold salt concentration difference between standard and test solutions. It is estimated that errors of this order must be widespread in the recent literature. Older pH determinations are likely to be more reliable, since the original reference electrode design with a free-flowing liquid junction is apparently free from the artefact. PMID- 7306053 TI - Isolation and characterization of the native glycoprotein from pig small intestinal mucus. AB - Glycoprotein from pig small-intestinal mucus was isolated free of non-covalently bound protein and nucleic acid with a yield of over 60%. No non-covalently bound protein could be detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis or by equilibrium centrifugation in a density gradient of CsCl with 4 M-guanidinium chloride. The intrinsic viscosity and reduced viscosity of the glycoprotein preparations rose with the removal of non-covalently bound protein and nucleic acid from the glycoprotein, evidence that non-covalently bound protein does not contribute to the rheological properties of the glycoprotein in the mucus. The pure glycoprotein, in contrast with impure preparations, gelled at the same concentration of glycoprotein as that present in the gel in vivo. The glycoprotein was a single component, as judged by gel filtration and analytical ultracentrifugation. The distribution of sedimentation coefficients was polydisperse but unimodal with an s025,w of 14.5S and a molecular weight of 1.72 X 10(6). The chemical composition of the glycoprotein was 77% carbohydrate and 21% protein, 52% of which was serine, threonine and proline. The glycoprotein had a strong negative charge and contained 3.1% and 18.3% by weight ester sulphate and sialic acid respectively. The molar proportion of N-acetylgalactosamine was nearly twice that of any of the other sugars present, the glycoprotein had A and H blood-group activity and the average maximum length of the carbohydrate chains was deduced to be six to eight sugar residues. PMID- 7306054 TI - Polymeric structure of pig small-intestinal mucus glycoprotein. Dissociation by proteolysis or by reduction of disulphide bridges. AB - Pig small-intestinal mucus glycoprotein, of molecular weight 1.72 X 10(6), is cleaved by Pronase digestion into glycoprotein subunits of molecular weight 4.5 X 10(5). Of the protein component of the native glycoprotein 29% by weight was lost on Pronase digestion, with no loss of carbohydrate. The non-glycosylated region of the protein that was lost with proteolytic digestion had a broad spectrum of amino acid residues, in contrast with the glycosylated region of the protein, which was resistant to proteolysis and was rich in serine, threonine and proline residues. Reduction with 0.2M-mercaptoethanol dissociated the Pronase-digested glycoprotein subunits into smaller glycoprotein subunits of molecular weight 2.7 X 10(5). On reduction, the native glycoprotein was dissociated into subunits of molecular weight 2.4 X 10(5), a similar size to those obtained from reduction of the Pronase-digested glycoprotein. On reductive dissociation of the native glycoprotein, in addition to glycoprotein subunits, protein was also released principally as a component of 90000 molecular weight. This protein was separated quantitatively from the reduced glycoprotein in amounts compatible with one 90000 mol.wt. protein molecule per 1.72 X 10(6)-mol.wt. native glycoprotein molecule. No 90000-mol.wt. protein was released on reduction of the isolated Pronase digested glycoprotein. Pig small-intestinal mucus glycoprotein is therefore a covalent polymer of glycoprotein subunits joined by disulphide bridges. This polymeric structure differs in important respects from that previously shown for gastric mucus, in particular with respect to the size and number of component subunits per native molecule. PMID- 7306055 TI - Transbilayer distribution of lipids in a population of sarcoplasmic-reticulum vesicles sealed with their cytoplasmic side outwards. AB - A population of sarcoplasmic-reticulum vesicles, all of which were sealed with their cytoplasmic side outwards, was obtained by density-gradient centrifugation after loading the vesicles with calcium oxalate. The calcium oxalate could subsequently be removed from the vesicles by the reverse action of the calcium transport system. Measurements of the catalysed exchange of the phosphatidylcholine in the sarcoplasmic-reticulum cytoplasmic monolayer with an exogenous phosphatidylcholine pool suggested that phosphatidylcholine is symmetrically distributed across the sarcoplasmic-reticulum membrane. A similar result was obtained for phosphatidylethanolamine when sarcoplasmic-reticulum lipids were labelled with trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid. Further catalysed lipid exchange reactions showed that the transverse movement of phosphatidylcholine across the membrane was exceedingly slow (t 1/2 greater than 15 days). PMID- 7306056 TI - Binding of aldolase to actin-containing filaments. Quantitative reappraisal of the interactions. AB - Previously reported results of equilibrium-partition experiments on the interaction of aldolase with actin-containing filaments [Walsh, Winzor, Clarke, Masters & Morton (1980) Biochem. J. 186, 89-98] have been subjected to a more rigorous theoretical analysis involving consideration of the consequences of cross-linking interactions between enzyme and filament. The experimental results obtained with F-actin-tropomyosin are best described by a model with one binding site per heptameric repeat unit of filament and a value of 39000 M-1 for the site binding constant, k. Similar analyses of the influence of Ca2+ on aldolase binding to F-actin--tropomyosin--troponin substantiate the existence of two equivalent binding sites (k = 14900 M-1) for the enzyme on each repeat unit of the thin filament. The Ca2+-sensitivity of this interaction reflects either a decrease in the strength of aldolase binding to these two sites (k = 8200 M-1) or the elimination of one site. PMID- 7306057 TI - Alkaline O leads to N-transacylation. A new method for the quantitative deacylation of phospholipids. AB - 1. Quantitative O-deacylation of phospholipids has been achieved by incubation with a reagent containing monomethylamine, methanol and water. The reaction is primarily an O leads to N-transacylation with N-methyl fatty acid amides being formed. 2. The reagent can be removed easily by volatilization and under defined conditions no secondary decomposition of the phosphorus-containing deacylation products occurs. 3. The water-soluble phosphorus compounds derived by deacylation of mammalian tissue O-diacylated phospholipids have been completely separated by a single-dimensional paper ionophoresis with a volatile pH9 buffer. 4. The O deacylated alkyl and alkenyl phospholipids have been examined by t.l.c. before and after catalytic hydrolysis with Hg2+. 5. A complete analysis of rat brain phospholipids by the above methods agrees closely with that obtained by other procedures. PMID- 7306058 TI - High-molecular-weight catecholamine--ATP aggregates are absent from the chromaffin-granule aqueous phase. AB - Direct n.m.r. studies show that the viscous liquid phase which separates from solutions containing physiological concentrations of noradrenaline, ATP and Ca2+ is not present in the chromaffin-granule interior. This finding is verified for both adrenaline and noradrenaline by using 13C n.m.r. spectra. PMID- 7306059 TI - Transglycosylation reactions catalysed by two beta-mannanases. AB - By using [3H]mannobiose as a labelled acceptor, it was possible to demonstrate transfer reactions catalysed by two beta-mannanases, with mannotetraose and mannopentaose as substrates. The enzyme from Streptomyces transfers one mannose unit from the oligosaccharides, whereas the enzyme from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds is able to transfer oligomannose residues. PMID- 7306060 TI - Evolution of the Hong Kong influenza A sub-type. Structural relationships between the haemagglutinin from A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 (Hav 7) and the Hong Kong (H3) haemagglutinins. AB - The relationship between the haemagglutinin from the influenza virus A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 (Hav 7) and the human Hong Kong variants (H3) has been investigated. Amino-acid-sequence analysis shows that the Hav 7 haemagglutinin closely resembles the 1968 human H3 haemagglutinin in structure. However, the number of amino-acid-sequence differences (23) suggest that the Hong Kong haemagglutinin gene did not come directly from A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 but from a virus derived from it by antigenic drift during the period 1963-1968. PMID- 7306061 TI - Fluorimetric studies of the binding of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) lectin with ligands. AB - The association constants for the binding of a series of ligands with a galactose specific lectin from Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) has been determined through the ligand-induced quenching of protein fluorescence. Analysis of the iodide quenching suggested that there is a slight increase in the accessibility of tryptophan residues of the lectin on binding lactose. PMID- 7306062 TI - Purification of the enzyme NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. AB - A procedure for the purification of the enzyme NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase is described. This involves fractionation of sonicated oat etioplast membranes by discontinuous-sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation, which gives membranes in which the enzyme is present at a high specific activity. The enzyme is solubilized from the membranes with Triton X-100, followed by gel filtration of the extract; enzyme activity is eluted in fractions corresponding to a mol.wt of approx. 35000. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the enzyme-containing fractions from gel filtration shows two peptides, of mol.wts. approx. 35000 and 37000. PMID- 7306063 TI - Covalent labelling of the NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase from etioplast membranes with [3H]N-phenylmaleimide. AB - [3H]N-Phenylmaleimide has been used to covalently label in a specific manner the substrate-protected thiol groups of the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase. In membrane preparations from oat (Avena sativa) and runner-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seedlings, two related peptides of mol.wts. 35000/37000 and 34000/35000 respectively and showing properties expected of the reductase have been identified, whereas the same technique with barley (Hordeum vulgare) extracts resulted in labelling a single peptide of mol.wt. 38000. Evidence is presented that both NADPH and protochlorophyllide are required for protection of the essential thiol groups on the reductase in oat extracts, a situation favouring a ternary complex as the structure for the photoactive enzyme--substrates intermediate. PMID- 7306064 TI - Enzymes and proteins in bile. Variations in output in rat cannula bile during and after depletion of the bile-salt pool. AB - The protein concentration in bile from several species is reported. The changes in output of protein, bile salts and several enzymes have been followed in rat bile over a 48 h cannulation period. Bile-salt concentration dropped rapidly owing to interruption of the enterohepatic circulation but the output of protein, lysosomal enzymes [acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and beta-D-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31)] and plasma-membrane enzymes [5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) and phosphodiesterase I (EC 3.1.4.1)] was maintained. Liver cell damage, monitored by output of lactate dehydrogenase, was very low throughout. Protein, lysosomal enzymes and plasma-membrane enzymes showed different patterns of output with time, but all showed a net increase between 12 and 24 h. The output of lysosomal and plasma-membrane enzymes was between 1 and 5% of the total liver complement over the first 24 h; if inhibition by biliary components is taken into account the output of some of these enzymes, particularly acid phosphatase, may be greater. Ultracentrifugation of bile showed that as the concentration of bile salts decreases the proportion of plasma-membrane enzymes in a sedimentable form increases. The results are discussed in relation to other studies of biliary proteins and to studies of the perturbation of membranes and cells with bile salts. PMID- 7306065 TI - Chromatin organization in the rat hypothalamus during early development. AB - The organization of chromatin in neuronal and glial nuclei isolated from different brain regions of rats during development was studied by digestion of nuclei with micrococcal nuclease. A short chromatin repeat length (approx. 176 base-pairs compared with that of glial nuclei from foetal cerebral cortex (approx. 200 base-pairs) was present in hypothalamic neurons throughout the ages studied, which was similar to the repeat length of cortical neurons from 7- and 25-day-old animals (approx. 174 base-pairs). Whereas in cortical neurons the chromatin repeat length shortened from approx. 200 base-pairs in the foetus to approx. 174 base-pairs in the first postnatal week, the short chromatin repeat length of hypothalamic neurons was already present 2 days before birth, indicating that hypothalamic neurons differentiate earlier than cortical neurons during brain development. PMID- 7306066 TI - Microvilli of the human term placenta. Isolation and subfractionation by centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. AB - Human placental microvilli were isolated and separated into two fractions by centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. Electron-microscopic morphology and morphometry, the distribution of enzymic activities and the results of sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of proteins were used to assess the purity of the final preparations and to define their properties. The combined evidence strongly suggested that the preparations contained negligible material that was not plasma membrane. The two fractions of microvilli differed in buoyant density, protein composition, enzyme specific activities and microscopic appearance. Some of these differences were explained by the absence of internal structure in the microvilli of the lighter fraction. PMID- 7306067 TI - Activity of phosphorylase in total global ischaemia in the rat heart. A phosphorus-31 nuclear-magnetic-resonance study. AB - 1. The uptake and subsequent phosphorylation of deoxyglucose into perfused rat hearts was monitored by 31P n.m.r. 2. The accumulated deoxyglucose 6-phosphate provided (a) an independent method for measuring cytosolic pH in the normoxic and ischaemic heart tissue and (b) a way of studying the activity of phosphorylase during ischaemia. 3. The cytosolic pH measured from the 31P n.m.r. resonance position of deoxyglucose 6-phosphate is in good agreement under all conditions studied with that obtained previously from the Pi resonances. This eliminates any possible doubts about the use of Pi for measuring intracellular pH. 4. Deoxyglucose 6-phosphate in vitro inhibits phosphorylase b but not phosphorylase a. Its inhibitory effect on glycogenolysis during ischaemia is monitored by measuring tissue acidosis by n.m.r. In the initial stages of ischaemia phosphorylase activity is not inhibited, whereas after about 5 min approx. 50% of the activity is inhibited. These observations are interpreted in terms of the relative contributions of phosphorylase a and the AMP-dependent phosphorylase b activities during ischaemia. PMID- 7306068 TI - Foetal and maternal rates of glucose production and utilization in chronically catheterized ditocous ewes. AB - 1. Five well-nourished Scottish Blackface ewes carrying twin lambs were used. An umbilical artery and vein of each foetus in two sheep and one foetus in three sheep were catheterized at 109-112 days of gestation and both maternal jugular veins were catheterized 2 days before experiment. Two-day experiments were conducted between days 124 and 141 of gestation when [2-3H,U-14C]glucose was infused intravenously over 9 h into either the mother or one foetus, separate days being used for each infusion. 2. Plasma glucose specific radioactivities of the mother and infused foetus at plateau were used to determine the glucose flux rates within and between mother and foetus. The corresponding values for the uninfused foetus were calculated by using the relative weights of each twin foetus and were used to correct the maternal flux rates for the presence of the second foetus. 3. The net rate of glucose utilization by the foetus was 11.2 +/- 1.3 mg/min per kg of foetus (mean +/- S.E.M; n = 11). The corresponding rate in the mother was 1.1 +/- 0.1 mg/min per kg of live weight (n = 11). 4. The net rate of foetal uptake of glucose from the mother accounted for only 56 +/- 4% of the glucose used by the foetus. The remainder was provided by an input of 4.9 +/- 0.7 mg/min per kg of foetus to the foetal glucose pool via foetal gluconeogenesis. 5. The rate of glucose futile cycling in the foetus was high, equal to 95 +/- 19% of the net foetal glucose-utilization rate. 6. The rate of glucose utilization (mg/min per kg of foetus) decreased progressively over the observational period of 124-141 days of gestation. There was no increase in the rates of net foetal glucose uptake or of foetal gluconeogenesis to counter this decline. PMID- 7306069 TI - Regulation of vitamin D metabolism by calcium and phosphate ions in isolated renal tubules. AB - The acute and long-term effects of Ca2+ and Pi on vitamin D metabolism were studied in vitro with isolated renal tubules from vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-supplemented chicks. Ca2+ depletion, achieved by isolating renal tubules in Ca2+-free buffers, led to suppression of 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Re introduction of Ca2+ during incubation caused an acute stimulation of this enzyme. This stimulatory effect of Ca2+ was prevented by prior treatment of Ca2+ depleted renal tubules for 6 h with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Ca2+ and Pi produced marked acute affects on 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity, which persisted for the whole 8 h experimental period, in Ca2+-depleted renal tubules from vitamin D-deficient chicks. The effects of either ion were influenced by the concentration of the other. However, the effects of these ions could not be reproduced in either Ca2+-depleted renal tubules from vitamin D-supplemented chicks or in renal tubules from vitamin D-deficient chicks, isolated in Ca2+ containing buffers. Isolation of renal tubules from vitamin D-supplemented chicks in Ca2+-containing buffers and subsequent incubation for 8 h in the presence of increased [Ca2+] led to a modest but statistically significant suppression of 1 alpha-hydroxylase and stimulation of 24-hydroxylase activity. It is concluded that the acute effects of Ca2+ and Pi on 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity of Ca2+ depleted renal tubules from vitamin D-deficient chicks are not regulatory but the results of the experimental conditions. In contrast the long-term effects of Ca2+ on both hydroxylases of renal tubules from vitamin D-supplemented chicks may be of physiological significance. PMID- 7306070 TI - Possible involvement of the enhanced tryptophan pyrrolase activity in the corticosterone- and starvation-induced increases in concentrations of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotides (phosphates) in rat liver. AB - 1. Deoxycorticosterone, which does not enhance tryptophan pyrrolase activity, also fails to alter the concentrations of the NAD(P) couples in livers of fed rats, whereas corticosterone increases both pyrrolase activity and dinucleotide concentrations. 2. Starvation of rats increases serum corticosterone concentration, lipolysis, tryptophan availability to the liver, tryptophan pyrrolase activity and liver [NADP(H)]. Glucose prevents all these changes. 3. The beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agent propranolol prevents the starvation-induced lipolysis and the consequent increase in tryptophan availability to the liver, but does not influence the increase in serum corticosterone concentration, liver pyrrolase activity and [NADP(H)]. 4. Actinomycin D, which prevents the starvation induced increases in liver pyrrolase activity and [NADP(H)], does not affect those in serum corticosterone concentration and tryptophan availability to the liver. 5. Allopurinol, which blocks the starvation-induced enhancement of pyrrolase activity, also abolishes the increases in liver [NADP(H)], but not those in serum corticosterone concentration or tryptophan availability to the liver. 6. It is suggested that liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity plays an important role in NAD+ synthesis from tryptophan in the rat. PMID- 7306071 TI - Effect of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of the perfused rat liver. AB - 1. Liver from hyper- and hypo-thyroid male fed rats were perfused with whole blood and their metabolism was compared with euthyroid controls. 2. Hyperthyroid livers produced more bile than controls and hypothyroid livers produced less. 3. Glucose output by all livers was similar; glycogen declined only during perfusion of hyperthyroid livers. Lactate uptake increased in hyperthyroid but decreased in hypothyroid livers. These results may be explained by changes in oxidation of carbohydrate rather than in gluconeogenesis. 4. Secretion of triacylglycerol was decreased in hyperthyroid and not changed significantly in hypothyroid livers. 5. Fractional extraction of infused [1-14C]oleate was unaltered. Hyperthyroid livers oxidized more oleate to CO2 and ketone bodies, esterified less and incorporated less into lipoproteins of d less than 1.006. Hypothyroid livers oxidized and esterified oleate to the same extent as controls; their decreased O2 consumption was due to diminished oxidation of other (non-lipid) substrates; 14C-labelled ketone-body formation was increased, but at the expense of 14CO2 production. 6. Lipogenesis (measured with 3H2O) was unaltered in hyperthyroid but was decreased in hypothyroid livers. Incorporation of 3H and 14C into triacylglycerol relative to phospholipid decreased in hyperthyroid and increased in hypothyroid livers. Cholesterol synthesis was similar in all perfusions. 7. During oleate infusion, the cytosolic redox state, as indicated by the perfusate [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio, was decreased in hyperthyroid and increased in hypothyroid livers. No change in [3-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] was detected. 8. The importance of relating the concentration of plasma non-esterified fatty acids to the interpretation of metabolic data obtained under differing thyroid status is emphasized. PMID- 7306072 TI - Studies on valinomycin inhibition of synaptosome-fraction protein synthesis. AB - The ionophore valinomycin inhibited adult and neonatal synaptosome fraction protein synthesis with half-maximal inhibition at approximately 10nM. Valinomycin had no effect on [3H]leucine uptake into synaptosomes at high or low external [K+]. Synaptosome-fraction protein synthesis was dependent on [K+]e reaching a maximum at 25mM-K+. Valinomycin inhibition of protein synthesis was not reversed at high [K+]e. Valinomycin failed to influence the intrasynaptosomal [K+] even at zero [K+]e. A significant increase in State-4 respiration of synaptosomal fractions was found at 5nM-valinomycin with a decrease in the respiratory control index. At these concentrations of valinomycin there was no inhibition of the ADP stimulated (State 3) respiration rate. Valinomycin had no effect on cerebral microsomal protein synthesis in vitro, which was inhibited by puromycin (100 micrograms/ml) or the absence of ATP. Valinomycin, 2,4-dinitrophenol and KCN inhibition of protein synthesis was not reversed by added ATP, suggesting impermeability of the membrane to ATP. Valinomycin induced a rapid fall in synaptosome ATP content not observed with atractylate or ouabain. Valinomycin inhibition of protein synthesis under these conditions is secondary to uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation with a subsequent decrease in intraterminal ATP necessary for translation. PMID- 7306073 TI - Estimation with an ion-selective electrode of the membrane potential in cells of Paracoccus denitrificans from the uptake of the butyltriphenylphosphonium cation during aerobic and anaerobic respiration. AB - 1. Aerobic respiration by cells of Paracoccus dentrificans drives the uptake of the lipophilic cation butyltriphenylphosphonium. Anaerobiosis or addition of an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) results in efflux of the cation. Changes in the concentration of butyltriphenylphosphonium in the suspension medium were measured by using an ion-selective electrode, the construction of which is described. 2. If the uptake of butyltriphenylphosphonium is used as an indicator of membrane potential, then at pH 7.3 an estimate of about 160 mV is obtained for cells of P. dentrificans respiring aerobically in 100 mM-Hepes [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 piperazine-ethanesulphonic acid/NaOH or 100mM-NaH2PO4/NaOH. This potential, however, is decreased by more than 20 mV in reaction media containing a high concentration of phosphate (100 mM) together with at least 1 mM-K+. 3. Anaerobic electron transport with NO3-, NO2- or N2O as terminal electron acceptor generates a membrane potential of about 150mV in described suspension media. The presence of these species under aerobic conditions, moreover, has negligible effect upon the extent of uptake of butyltriphenylphosphonium normally driven by aerobic respiration. These data indicate that none of these molecules exert a significant uncoupling effect on the protonmotive force. 4. No 204Tl+ uptake into respiring cells was detected. This adds to the evidence that 204Tl+ is not a freely permeable cation in bacterial cells and therefore not an indicator of membrane potential as has been proposed. The absence of respiration-driven 204Tl+ uptake indicates that P. denitrificans cells grown under the conditions specified in the present work do not possess K+-transport systems of either the Kdp or TrkA types that have been described in Escherichia coli. PMID- 7306074 TI - The purine nucleotide cycle in the regulation of ammoniagenesis during induction and cessation of chronic acidosis in the rat kidney. AB - The effect of chronic acid feeding and its subsequent withdrawal was determined on the amounts of the metabolic intermediates and enzymic activities of the purine nucleotide cycle. Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1.5% (w/v) NH4Cl in their drinking water for 5 days. The renal excretion of NH3 rose 70-fold and the rats developed acidosis. The amount of renal IMP rose from a control value of 4.5 +/- 2.2 to 20.4 +/- 3.7nmol/g of kidney after 48h of acid feeding (P less than 0.001) and fell to normal within 48h of the recovery. Adenylosuccinate concentrations fell from a control value of 4.5 +/- 0.9nmol/g of kidney to 1.2 +/- 0.3nmol/g (P less than 0.005) by day 5 of acidosis and continued to fall to undetectable values by 48h after recovery. The amount of AMP remained constant through the acid-feeding and the recovery periods. The activity of adenylosuccinate synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the purine nucleotide cycle, paralleled the rise and fall in NH3 excretion. The activities of phosphate-dependent glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase were elevated during the acid-feeding and the recovery period. Thus changes in the purine nucleotide cycle correlate with changes in NH3 excretion to a more parallel degree than does the activity of glutaminase or glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7306075 TI - Triacylglycerol metabolism in the phenobarbital-treated rat. AB - 1. Various aspects of triacylglycerol metabolism were compared in rats given phenobarbital at a dose of 100mg/kg body wt. per day by intraperitoneal injection; controls were injected with an equal volume of 0.15m-NaCl by the same route. Animals were killed after 5 days of treatment. 2. Rats injected with phenobarbital demonstrated increased liver weight, and increased microsomal protein per g of liver. Other evidence of microsomal enzyme induction was provided by increased activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase and cytochrome P-450 content. Increased hepatic activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) occurred in male rats, but not in females, and was not accompanied by any detectable change in the activity of this enzyme in serum. 3. Phenobarbital treatment increased the hepatic content of triacylglycerol after 5 days in starved male and female rats, as well as in non-starved male rats; non-starved females were not tested in this regard. At 5 days after withdrawal of the drug, there was no difference in hepatic triacylglycerol content or in hepatic functions of microsomal enzyme induction between the treated and control rats. 4. After 5 days, phenobarbital increased the synthesis in vitro of glycerolipids in cell-free liver fractions fortified with optimal concentrations of substrates and co-substrates when results were expressed per whole liver. The drug caused a significant increment in the activity of hepatic diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20), but did not affect the activity per liver of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.4) in cytosolic or washed microsomal fractions. A remarkable sex-dependent difference was observed for this latter enzyme. In female rats, the activity of the microsomal enzyme per liver was 10-fold greater than that of the cytosolic enzyme, whereas in males, the activities of phosphohydrolases per liver from both subcellular fractions were similar. 5. The phenobarbital-mediated increase in hepatic triacylglycerol content could not be explained by a decrease in the hepatic triacylglycerol secretion rate as measured by the Triton WR1339 technique. Since the hepatic triacylglycerol showed significant correlation with microsomal enzyme induction functions, with hepatic glycerolipid synthesis in vitro and with diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity, it is likely to be due to enhanced triacylglycerol synthesis consequent on hepatic microsomal enzyme induction. 6. In contrast with rabbits and guinea pigs, rats injected with phenobarbital showed a decrease in serum triacylglycerol concentration in the starved state; this decrease persisted for up to 5 days after drug administration stopped, and did not occur in non-starved animals. It seems to be independent of the microsomal enzyme-inducing properties of the drug, and may be due to the action of phenobarbital at an extrahepatic site. PMID- 7306076 TI - Cytochrome b-245 of neutrophils is also present in human monocytes, macrophages and eosinophils. AB - A cytochrome b with a midpoint oxidation-reduction potential of -245mV (cytochrome b-245) that is a major component of the microbicidal oxidase system of human neutrophil leucocytes has been identified in human eosinophils, monocytes and macrophages at concentrations similar to that found in human neutrophils. It was absent from a variety of other cells. This cytochrome is present in phagocytic leucocytes and probably plays an important part in the specialized activities of these cells. PMID- 7306078 TI - Effects of microbial proteinase inhibitors on the degradation of endogenous and internalized proteins by rat yolk sacs. AB - 1. The effects of leupeptin and other microbial proteinase inhibitors were measured in rat yolk sacs on the uptake and degradation of formaldehyde-denatured 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin as well as on the degradation of 3H-labelled endogenous protein. 2. Leupeptin, at concentrations between 1 and 100 micrograms/ml, inhibits the degradation of added albumin without affecting pinocytic uptake. Accordingly large amounts of undegraded albumin accumulate within the tissue. 3. Removal of leupeptin produces a rapid recovery of the capacity to degrade albumin. 4. Endogenous protein degradation is rapidly inhibited by leupeptin, but to a far lesser extent than the breakdown of albumin. However, the inhibition is only slightly reversed on removal of leupeptin. 5. Degradation of both albumin and endogenous protein in intact yolk sacs is inhibited by the microbial proteinase inhibitors in the order: leupeptin greater than antipain greater than chymostatin; elastatinal, pepstatin and bestatin are ineffective. 6. Similar results are found when albumin is incubated in yolk-sac homogenates at pH 4 with the inhibitors. 7. The marked inhibitory effects of leupeptin, antipain and chymostatin suggest that cathepsin B and possibly cathepsin L participate in the degradation of 125I-labelled albumin in yolk sacs. By comparison, the smaller inhibitory effects of the proteinase inhibitors on endogenous protein breakdown imply a minor role of lysosomal cathepsins in this process. PMID- 7306077 TI - Mechanism of hydroxylation of biphenyl by Cunninghamella echinulata. AB - The hydroxylation of [U-2H]biphenyl and [2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-2H]biphenyl by Cunninghamella echinulata A.T.C.C. 9244 has been studied. G.l.c.-mass spectrometry analyses indicate the lack of an isotope effect during the hydroxylation of the perdeuterated substrate. Both g.l.c.-mass spectrometry and 1H n.m.r. were used to definitively demonstrate the presence of a 1,2-hydride shift during the microbiological hydroxylation of [2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6' 2H]biphenyl. PMID- 7306079 TI - Effect of molecular size of 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) on its pinocytosis by rat visceral yolk sacs and rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - Rates of pinocytosis of different molecular-weight distributions of 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) by rat visceral yolk sacs and rat peritoneal macrophages were measured in vitro. Four preparations of mean molecular weights 50 000, 84 000, 700 000 and 7 000 000, were used. Macrophages captured the highest-molecular weight preparation more rapidly than the other preparations. In contrast, rate of capture by the yolk sac decreased with increasing molecular weight. Incubations with a very-high-molecular-weight fraction derived from the 7 000 000-average mol. wt. preparation clearly demonstrated that very large polymer molecules are not accumulated by the yolk sac, but are preferentially captured by macrophages. Analysis of the 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) internalized by the two cell types confirmed that low-molecular-weight material is preferred by the yolk sac, whereas the macrophage is less discriminating. PMID- 7306080 TI - Iron and the liver. Acute and long-term effects of iron-loading on hepatic haem metabolism. AB - We have determined the dose-response curves (100-900 mg of Fe/kg body wt.) and the time course over 84 days for the effects of a single injection of iron dextran on rat hepatic 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase, cytochrome P-450, iron content, and GSH (reduced glutathione). Porphyrins in liver and urine have also been measured. (1) At 2 days after treatment, a dose of 500 mg of Fe/kg produced a 20-fold increase in iron concentration, which was maintained for 14 days. Total hepatic iron remained constant over 63 days, falling slightly by 84 days. (2) The activity of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase was maximally increased (6-fold) 12-24 h after iron treatment. By 48 h the activity fell to less than twice the control value and thereafter remained slightly above the control value (1.1-1.5-fold) until 84 days after iron treatment. Liver GSH concentrations were unaffected by iron. Porphyrins in liver and urine were either unchanged or decreased. (3) Hepatic cytochrome P-450 decreased after iron treatment to a minimum (63% of control) at 48 h after iron administration and gradually returned to the control value by 28 days. (4) Iron-dextran potentiated 2 allyl-2-isopropyl-acetamide induced synthesis of hepatic 5-aminolaevulinate. Potentiation occurred if the drug was given at the same time or 36 h after iron administration, but did not occur if the drug was given 14 or 64 days after iron administration. (5) The results are discussed in relation to proposed mechanisms for the effects of iron on hepatic haem metabolism. PMID- 7306083 TI - Different replication pattern of tertiary and quaternary structure chromatin in regenerating rat liver. PMID- 7306082 TI - A direct simultaneous plate assay of proteoglycan and collagen degradation by cells in culture and its application to synovial cells. AB - 1. A radiochemical plate assay is presented that allows a simultaneous evaluation of the capacity of cells in culture to degrade proteoglycan and collagen. Its principle consists of monitoring the release of soluble radioactive degradation products from Multiwell culture plates coated with dried reconstituted 3H labelled-proteoglycan/14C-labelled-collagen mixed gels. The plates can also be used for the assay of proteolytic activities within enzyme solutions. 2. When cultured on the plates, rabbit synovial cells degrade collagen and proteoglycan almost simultaneously, owing to the secretion of collagenase and of a proteoglycan-degrading metal-dependent neutral proteinase. PMID- 7306081 TI - Role of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in adenosine metabolism in mammalian heart. AB - S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase of mammalian hearts from different species is exclusively a cytosolic enzyme. The apparent Km for the guinea-pig enzyme was 2.9 microM (synthesis) and 0.39 microM (hydrolysis). Perfusion of isolated guinea-pig hearts for 120 min with L-homocysteine thiolactone (0.23 mM) and adenosine (0.1 mM), in the presence of erythro-9-(2-hydroxynon-3-yl)adenine to inhibit adenosine deaminase, caused tissue contents of S-adenosylhomocysteine to increase from 3.5 to 3600 nmol/g. When endogenous adenosine production was accelerated by perfusion of hearts with hypoxic medium (30% O2), L-homocysteine thiolactone (0.23 mM) increased S-adenosyl-homocysteine 17-fold to 64.3 nmol/g within 15 min. In the presence of 4-nitro-benzylthioinosine (5 microM), an inhibitor of adenosine transport, S-adenosylhomocysteine further increased to 150 nmol/g. L-Homocysteine thiolactone decreased the hypoxia-induced augmentation of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine in the tissue and the release of these purines into the coronary system by more than 50%. Our findings indicate that L-homocysteine can profoundly alter adenosine metabolism in the intact heart by conversion of adenosine into S adenosylhomocysteine. Adenosine formed during hypoxia was most probably generated within the myocardial cell. PMID- 7306084 TI - Rapid kinetic studies on calcium interactions with native and fluorescently labeled calmodulin. PMID- 7306085 TI - Effect of human placental ribonuclease inhibitor in cell-free ribosomal RNA synthesis. PMID- 7306086 TI - An improved preparation of murine histocompatibility antigens (H-2b) and a novel membrane binding form of H-2Kb. PMID- 7306087 TI - Gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate by an antitumor (1 leads to 3)-beta-D glucan. PMID- 7306088 TI - Potent inhibition of thrombin by the newly synthesized arginine derivative No. 805. The importance of stereo-structure of its hydrophobic carboxamide portion. PMID- 7306090 TI - Effect of fluorescamine modification of purple membranes on exciton coupling and light-to-dark adaptation. PMID- 7306089 TI - Rapid interaction of cathepsin L by Z-Phe-PheCHN12 and Z-Phe-AlaCHN2. PMID- 7306091 TI - A new variant of type-AB GM2-gangliosidosis. PMID- 7306092 TI - Oxygen binding of the heme-containing subunits of the extracellular hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris. PMID- 7306093 TI - A nucleotide with the properties of adenosine 5' phosphoramidate from Chlorella cells. PMID- 7306094 TI - Proton conduction in bacteriorhodopsin via a hydrogen-bonded chain with large proton polarizability. PMID- 7306095 TI - Isolation of a mitochondrial factor from rat liver which potentiates the inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase by lysosomes. PMID- 7306096 TI - Existence of intermediates in the refolding of T4 lysozyme at pH 7.4. PMID- 7306097 TI - A water 17O NMR study of the pH dependent properties of superoxide dismutase. PMID- 7306098 TI - Participation of a cytochrome b5-like hemoprotein of outer mitochondrial membrane (OM cytochrome b) in NADH-semidehydroascorbic acid reductase activity of rat liver. PMID- 7306099 TI - Mercaptide-anion as a trans-ligand in oxycytochrome P450. PMID- 7306100 TI - Fast atom bombardment: a new mass spectrometric method for peptide sequence analysis. PMID- 7306101 TI - Light-induced reaction of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 7306102 TI - A new method for oligo (ADP-ribose) fractionation according to chain length. PMID- 7306103 TI - Muscarinic inhibition of prolactin production in cultures of rat pituitary cells. PMID- 7306104 TI - The clearance of glycoproteins in diabetic mice. PMID- 7306105 TI - 3-Hydroxypyridinium cross-links in lathyritic tissues. PMID- 7306106 TI - A new antibiotic with known resistance factors, G418, inhibits plant cells. PMID- 7306107 TI - All normal rat hepatocytes produce albumin at a rate related to their degree of ploidy. PMID- 7306108 TI - Sulfation and molecular weight of fibronectin shed by human melanoma cells. PMID- 7306109 TI - Indomethacin inhibits the estrogen-induced DNA synthesis in the rat anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 7306110 TI - Inhibitors of ether lipid biosynthesis. PMID- 7306111 TI - 15N spin-lattice relaxation study of linear peptides: preliminary results on Leu enkephalin and Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe. PMID- 7306112 TI - Rat liver plasma membrane phospholipids methylation; its absence of direct relationship to adenylate cyclase activities. PMID- 7306113 TI - Inhibition of phospholipid methyltransferase during zymosan induced secretion of platelet-activating factor in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7306114 TI - Far-red light irradiation of intact corn seedlings affects mitochondrial and calmodulin-dependent microsomal Ca2+ transport. PMID- 7306115 TI - Rapid turnover of arachidonyl-phosphatidylinositol in L cells stimulated by antibody. PMID- 7306116 TI - The effect of temperature on the 1-O-alkyl content of the glycerophospholipids in Tetrahymena. PMID- 7306117 TI - Conformational analysis of amphotericin B. I, Isolated molecule. PMID- 7306118 TI - Interaction of a fluorescent GTP analog with reticulocyte elongation factor 1. PMID- 7306119 TI - Prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase/type II 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is not a prostaglandin specific enzyme. PMID- 7306120 TI - Deviation from the usual relationships between the temperature, the growth rate, the fatty acid composition and the lipid microviscosity of four different fungi (Mucor mucedo, Aspergillus ochraceus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Achlya bisexualis. PMID- 7306121 TI - On the atomic or "local" contributions to chemical shifts due to the anisotropy of the diamagnetic susceptibility of the aromatic side chain of amino acids and of the porphyrin ring. PMID- 7306122 TI - Human 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase: demonstration of a stimulatory factor. PMID- 7306123 TI - Evidence for the occurrence of selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase activity in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 7306125 TI - Post-HMG CoA reductase regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in normal human lymphocytes : lanosten-3 betal-ol-32-al, a natural inhibitor. PMID- 7306124 TI - The interaction of tylophorinidine, a potential leukemic drug, with bovine serum albumin. PMID- 7306126 TI - Bilayer structure of dihexadecyl phosphate. PMID- 7306127 TI - Rapid in vivo metabolism of leukotriene C3 in the monkey Macaca irus. PMID- 7306128 TI - Sub-banding and fine structure of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes induced by sulfur compounds. PMID- 7306129 TI - A possible role of cytochrome P450 in anaerobic dehalogenation of halothane. PMID- 7306130 TI - ATP-dependent enzyme activating hormone binding of estradiol receptor. PMID- 7306131 TI - Pulmonary oxygen toxicity: lack of tolerance of mice of various ages. PMID- 7306132 TI - Structural reassignment of the peroxide oxidation product of 5-methyl-5,6,7,8 tetrahydrofolate. PMID- 7306133 TI - Tissue and subcellular localization of enzymes of arginine metabolism in Pisum sativum. PMID- 7306134 TI - Different pathways of iodothyronine 5'-deiodination in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7306135 TI - The structure of adenovirion chromatin revealed by ultraviolet light-induced cross-linking. PMID- 7306136 TI - Renaturation of Aequorea gree-fluorescent protein. PMID- 7306137 TI - N-(1-Methyl)cyclopropylbenzylamine: a novel inactivator of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. PMID- 7306138 TI - Effect of ribosome treatment on sensitivity to ricin A chain ming-shi chang and l.l. houston. PMID- 7306139 TI - Lipid phase separation mediates binding of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 to its substrate. PMID- 7306140 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin production and choline turnover in HeLa cells by lyngbyatoxin A and dihydroteleocidin B. PMID- 7306141 TI - Chlorophyllide b. PMID- 7306143 TI - Calcium stimulation of protein kinase C in the absence of added phospholipids. PMID- 7306142 TI - Location of the intermolecular cross-links in bovine dentin collagen, solubilization with trypsin and isolation of cross-link peptides containing dihydroxylysinonorleucine and pyridinoline. PMID- 7306144 TI - Photo-induced covalent labelling of malate dehydrogenase by quercetin. PMID- 7306146 TI - Sugar-induced change in near ultraviolet circular dichroism of alpha -crystallin. PMID- 7306145 TI - Generation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in plasma membranes of phorbol ester-treated myoblasts. PMID- 7306147 TI - Evidence for the occurrence of the opioid octapeptide dynorphin-(1-8) in the neurointermediate pituitary of rats. PMID- 7306148 TI - The effect of nitrous oxide-induced inactivation of vitamin B12 on thymidylate synthetase activity of rat bone marrow cells. PMID- 7306150 TI - Regional distribution of alpha -neo-endorphin in rat brain and pituitary. PMID- 7306149 TI - An ethidium ion selective electrode and its application to DNA-ethidium binding. PMID- 7306151 TI - Import of a putative precursor of rat liver mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase into mitochondria. PMID- 7306153 TI - Isolation and characterization of des(Ala-Lys)calmodulin in porcine brain. PMID- 7306152 TI - A respiration-dependent primary sodium extrusion system functioning at alkaline pH in the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus. PMID- 7306154 TI - Circular dichroism of type 13 beta -turn in linear tripeptides containing L proline and D-alanine. PMID- 7306155 TI - Interaction of influenza virus proteins with planar lipid bilayers: a model for virion assembly. PMID- 7306156 TI - Rapid induction of alkaline phosphatase activity by retinoic acid. PMID- 7306157 TI - Evidence for the retinoid control of urothelial alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7306158 TI - Mass spectrometric differentiation of leucine and isoleucine in proteins derived from bacteria or cell culture. PMID- 7306160 TI - Hydrolysis of a thiopeptide by cadmium carboxypeptidase A. PMID- 7306159 TI - The effect of 4-isothiocyanatobenzene sulfonic acid on the oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin. PMID- 7306161 TI - Characterization of the cadmium (II) binding site in Cd, Zn-metallothionein by magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. PMID- 7306162 TI - Cholic acid binding by anionic glutathione-S-transferase from human liver cytosol. PMID- 7306163 TI - Serum depletion of corticosteroid binding activities, an early marker of human septic shock. PMID- 7306164 TI - Acid-and neutral lipases involved in endogenous lipolysis in small intestine and heart. PMID- 7306165 TI - Early effect of steroids on 45calcium uptake by mouse thymocytes. PMID- 7306166 TI - Isolation of human Val354 -plasminogen as an elastolytic fragment of human Glu1 plasminogen. PMID- 7306167 TI - Involvement of singlet oxygen in the fungal degradation of lignin. PMID- 7306168 TI - Inhibition of azoreductase activity by antibodies against cytochromes P-450 and P 448. PMID- 7306169 TI - In vivo inactivation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase by 4-amino-5-fluoropentanoic acid. PMID- 7306170 TI - Identification of beta-galactofuranosyl residues and their rapid internal motion in the Penicillium ochro-chloron cell wall probed by 13 C NMR. PMID- 7306171 TI - Isoproterenol-induced selective phosphorylation in vivo of the 214,000 dalton subunit of rat C6 glioma cell RNA polymerase II. PMID- 7306172 TI - Photophosphorylation in cell envelope vesicles from Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 7306173 TI - A comparative study of the distribution of the stable crosslink, pyridinoline, in bone collagens from normal, osteoblastoma, and vitamin D-deficient chicks. PMID- 7306174 TI - GTP stabilization of adenylate cyclase activated and ADP-ribosylated by choleragen. PMID- 7306176 TI - Alpha-ketoglutarate modulation of glutamine metabolism by rat renal mitochondria. PMID- 7306175 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase-C mRNA: its isolation and in vitro translation. PMID- 7306178 TI - Localization and quantitation of human superoxide dismutase using computerized 2 D gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7306180 TI - A comparison of solution, solid state and theoretical conformations of morphine. PMID- 7306179 TI - 31P NMR spectroscopic study of Pr3+ transport by etheromycin and by synthetic ionophores. PMID- 7306177 TI - Organ specific zinc deficiency in testicular feminization rats: hormone-metal interaction. PMID- 7306181 TI - Griseofulvin at low concentration inhibits the rate of microtubule polymerization in vitro. PMID- 7306182 TI - Observations on the thermostability of orosomucoid. PMID- 7306183 TI - Transport of D- and L-penicillamine by mammalian cells. PMID- 7306184 TI - Temperature dependence of agonist binding to muscarinic receptors in rat hypothalamic regions. PMID- 7306185 TI - N-Acetyl glutamate synthetase in human liver: regulation of activity by L arginine and N-acetylglutamate. PMID- 7306186 TI - Selective release of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase by polymetaphosphate. PMID- 7306187 TI - cis-Aconityl spacer between daunomycin and macromolecular carriers: a model of pH sensitive linkage releasing drug from a lysosomotropic conjugate. PMID- 7306188 TI - The presence of a major 90,000-dalton polypeptide in maize plasmalemma. PMID- 7306189 TI - The effect of altered transmembrane ion gradients on membrane potential and aggregation of human platelets in blood plasma. PMID- 7306190 TI - The epoxide hydrolase catalyzed hydrolysis of trans-3-bromo-1,2-epoxycyclohexane. A direct proof for a general base catalyzed mechanism of the enzymatic hydration. PMID- 7306191 TI - pH stepwise alkaline elution of DNA replication intermediates during S phase. PMID- 7306193 TI - Studies on NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activities in hemolysates of human and rabbit red cells by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 7306192 TI - Succinylacetone pyrrole, a powerful inhibitor of vitamin B12 biosynthesis: effect of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. PMID- 7306194 TI - 31P NMR of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomal complexes. PMID- 7306195 TI - Isolation and characterization of alpha-N-acetyl beta-endorphin(1-26) from the rat posterior/intermediate pituitary lobe. PMID- 7306198 TI - The bacterial origin of rat breath pentane. PMID- 7306197 TI - The mechanism of calcium-induced microtubule disassembly. PMID- 7306196 TI - Correlation between superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in isolated rat hepatocytes during fetal development. PMID- 7306199 TI - Site of electron acceptance by 3,6-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone and its relation to the bicarbonate effect on photosynthetic electron transport. PMID- 7306200 TI - Inhibition of thermolysin by N-carboxymethyl dipeptides. PMID- 7306202 TI - The relationship between the incorporation of 32P into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol in rat parotid acinar cells. PMID- 7306201 TI - Leishmanial superoxide dismutase: a possible target for chemotherapy. PMID- 7306204 TI - Identification of the metabolites of an antitumor tricyclic nucleoside (NSC 154020). PMID- 7306205 TI - Haemolysis of normal and glutathione-deficient sheep erythrocytes by selenite and tellurite. PMID- 7306203 TI - Drug-induced lipid peroxidation in mice--I. Modulation by monooxygenase activity, glutathione and selenium status. PMID- 7306206 TI - Lithium-induced changes in sodium-lithium countertransport. PMID- 7306208 TI - Effects of dietary pectin and cellulose on hepatic and intestinal mixed-function oxidations and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in the rat. PMID- 7306207 TI - Differential toxicity of carrier-bound methotrexate toward human lymphocytes, marrow and tumor cells. PMID- 7306211 TI - Seizure-induced changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier following administration of anticholinesterase drugs to rats. PMID- 7306212 TI - Protective effects on verapamil and diltiazem against inorganic phosphate induced impairment of oxidative phosphorylation of isolated heart mitochondria. PMID- 7306213 TI - The interaction of inhibitors with adenosine metabolising enzymes in intact isolated cells. PMID- 7306214 TI - Internalization of serotonin as a consequence of its association with human platelets at 0 degrees. PMID- 7306210 TI - An irreversible anticholinesterase probe for studying increased permeability of the rat blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7306215 TI - Role of one-electron and two-electron reduction products of adriamycin and daunomycin in deoxyribonucleic acid binding. PMID- 7306216 TI - Contamination of albumin by alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. PMID- 7306209 TI - Release of radiolabelled adenosine derivatives from superfused synaptosome beds. Evidence for the output of adenosine. PMID- 7306217 TI - In vitro microwave effects on human neutrophil precursor cells (CFU-C). AB - Human marrow cells were irradiated with 2450-MHz CW microwaves in a fluid-filled waveguide irradiation system. Cell exposure was conducted by placing a marrow cell suspension in 20-microliter glass microcapillary tubes were positioned in the exposure chamber, and irradiated at power densities from 31 to 1,000 mW/cm2 (with corresponding specific absorption rates of 62 to 2,000 mW/g) for 15 minutes. The temperature of the sample was maintained at a fixed point. Sham irradiated (SI) and microwave-irradiated (MWI) cells were cultured in a methylcellulose culture system for neutrophil colony proliferation. There was no reduction in neutrophil colony number on days 6-7 or 12-14 in cells exposed at 31 or 62 mW/cm2, but as the power density was increased to 1,000 mW/cm2, there was a reduction in colony number of MWI cells compared with SI cells. The microwave interaction with the human neutrophil colony-forming cells was apparently not related to temperature rise, or to the state of cells cycle, and was irreversible. PMID- 7306218 TI - Transbilayer movement of 24Na in sonicated phosphatidylcholine vesicles exposed to frequency-modulated microwave radiation. AB - Sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles loaded with 24Na+ were exposed at 20mW to a frequency-modulated (3 Hz) microwave field in the range of 2350 to 2550 MHz, or at 80 mW to a 2450-MHz CW (continuous wave) field, in a waveguide. The vesicle suspension absorbed microwaves at about 1 mW/ml and 25 mW/ml (CW experiment). The average temperature change of the irradiated suspension was less than 0.1 degree C from ambient. Leakage of 24Na+ from the vesicles for up to 19 hours was measured. No difference was noted in the movement of 24Na+ from the vesicles in the irradiated and control dispersions. PMID- 7306219 TI - Chronic exposure to a 60-Hz electric field: effects on neuromuscular function in the rat. AB - Neuromuscular function in adult male rats was studied following 30 days of exposure to a 60-Hz electric field at 100 kV/m (unperturbed field strength). Isometric force transducers were attached to the tendons of the plantaris (predominantly fast twitch), and soleus (predominantly slow twitch) muscles in the urethan-anesthetized rat. Square-wave stimuli were delivered to the distal stump of the transected sciatic nerve. Several measurements were used to characterized neuromuscular function, including twitch characteristics, chronaxie, tetanic and posttetanic potentiation, and fatigue and recovery. The results from three independent series of experiments are reported. Only recovery from fatigue in slow-twitch muscles was consistently and significantly affected (enhanced) by electric-field exposure. This effect does not appear to be mediated by field-induced changes in either neuromuscular transmission, or in the contractile mechanism itself. It is suggested that the effect may be mediated secondary to an effect on mechanisms regulating muscle blood flow or metabolism. PMID- 7306220 TI - Effect of nonionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the uvula in squirrel monkey cerebellum. AB - Pregnant squirrel monkeys were exposed to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at an equivalent power density of 10 mW/cm2 (SAR 3.4 mW/g) for three hours daily in a cavity-cage module. The exposure began when pregnancy was determined by a hormonal method, and continued through of offspring's first 9.5 months. After irradiation, the brain of the offspring were fixed with formaldehyde, and the inferior vermis of each cerebella was removed and processed for histologic observations. Purkinje cell density in the uvula was determined in sagittal serial section. There was no significant difference between control and experimental animals in the number of Purkinje cells per mm of Purkinje cell line (linear density), as well as in the density of Purkinje cells in the Purkinje cell layer. PMID- 7306221 TI - Effect of nonionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. AB - In one experiment, Sprague Dawley rats (16-21 days of gestation) and their offspring were exposed to 100-MHz (CW) electromagnetic radiation at 46 mW/cm2 (SAR 2.77 mW/g) for 4 h/day for 97 days. In another experiment, the pregnant rats were irradiated daily from 17 to 21 days of gestation with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 10 mW/cm2 (SAR 2 m W/G) for 21 h/day. In a third experiment, 6-day old rat pups were irradiated 7 h/day for five days with 2450-MHz radiation at 10 mW/cm2. Equal numbers of animals were sham irradiated in each group. Quantitative studies of Purkinje cells showed a significant and irreversible decrease in rats irradiated during fetal or fetal and early postnatal life. In animals exposed postnatally, and euthanized immediately after irradiation, significant decrease in the relative number of Purkinje cells was apparent. However, restoration apparently occurred after forty days of recovery. PMID- 7306222 TI - The mechanisms of athermal microwave biological effects. AB - A brief survey of current ideas about the physical mechanisms of low-level millimeter/microwave-biological effects is given, and the experimental evidence supporting these ideas is reviewed. The conjectural models do not yet represent a complete physical theory, but they do counter the idea that low-level effects are physically impossible and suggest experiments. PMID- 7306223 TI - Humoral and cell-mediated immune function in adult Japanese Quail following exposure to 2.45-GHz microwave radiation during embryogeny. AB - Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, eggs were subjected to 2.45-GHz CW microwave radiation at 5 mW/cm2 (SAR = 4.03 mW/g) during the first 12 days of embryogeny. Following hatching the exposed embryos, as well as nonexposed controls, were reared to 22 weeks of age. Humoral immune potential, as indicated by comparable anti-CRBC antibody, IgM and IgG, levels at 0, 4, and 7 days postimmunization in both exposed and control quail was not affected significantly. However, cell-mediated immune potential, measured by the reaction to intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin-P in the wing web, was reduced in the exposed females, but not in the exposed males. Additionally, total leukocyte numbers and absolute circulating numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and heterophils were increased significantly only in the exposed females. These data show that exposure of Japanese quail during embryogenesis reduced cell mediated immune potential and induced a general leukocytosis in females. PMID- 7306224 TI - Biological effects of long-term exposure of rats to 970-MHz radiofrequency radiation. AB - Rats (N = 16) exposed individually in circularly polarized waveguides to 970-MHz electromagnetic radiation (SAR = 2.5 mW/g, 22 h daily for 70 consecutive days) had significantly higher serum levels of triglycerides, albumin, and total protein compared with sham-irradiated controls. No difference was observed in the weights, hematologic profile, or in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens between these two groups. The higher serum levels of triglycerides in radiofrequency-radiation-exposed rats suggest a non-specific stress reaction. PMID- 7306227 TI - Hereditary deficiency of the third component of complement in two sisters with systemic lupus erythematosus-like symptoms. AB - We observed two sisters with lupus-like syndrome with homozygous C3 deficiencies. A 19-year-old woman and her 15-year-old sister developed malar rash, arthralgia, and photosensitivity, but antinuclear antibodies and LE cell preparations were negative. The older sister experienced recurrent bronchitis in her childhood, but the younger sister had no recurrent infections. Serum C3 was not detected immunochemically in either sister, and total complement activity and C3 hemolytic activity were extremely low. PMID- 7306225 TI - Decreased capacity to solubilize immune complexes in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The capacity to solubilize immune complexes formed in vitro is significantly decreased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This complement function correlates significantly with serum C3 levels and inversely with the presence of circulating immune complexes. Clinically, patients with a decreased capacity, to solubilize complexes show a worse evolution and an increased incidence of renal involvement. In conclusion, the impaired solubilization capacity, related to low complement activity, which is observed in patients with SLE may favor the persistence of immune complexes in tissues. PMID- 7306226 TI - Acetylator phenotype and metabolic disposition of isoniazid in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Acetylator phenotype and metabolic disposition of isoniazid (INH) were studied in 19 Japanese (a population shown to be 11.5% slow acetylators) patients with spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 19 healthy controls. Subjects with the elimination half-life (t1/2) of INH of 2.0 hours or less were considered rapid and those of 2.2 hours or more were slow acetylators. Results of phenotyping showed that 17 of 19 SLE patients were rapid, 1 slow, and 1 indeterminate, whereas 18 of the controls were rapid and 1 indeterminate. When phenotyped according to another reported antimode (107 or 110 minutes), 3 of the patients and 2 of the controls were slow and the remainder were all rapid acetylators. The distribution of INH t1/2, acetyl INH to INH ratios in urine and plasma, and hydrazine compounds in urine measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry was similar between the two groups, except for 1 patient who was definitely classified as a slow acetylator. The relationship between phenotype distribution and possible pathoetiologic factors is discussed. PMID- 7306228 TI - Monocyte receptor function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and normal volunteers were studied for abnormalities of Fc and C3 receptor function. Monocytes from the majority of 22 patients with active RA showed enhanced E rosette formation and Ea phagocytosis compared to monocytes from 20 normal volunteers and 10 OA patients, However, no significant differences in binding of EAC or uptake of iodinated aggregated gamma globulin were found among the 3 groups. Corticosteroid-treated RA patients exhibited significant depression of EA rosette formation and phagocytosis. These results suggest that there is modulation of EA receptor function in monocytes from RA patients. PMID- 7306230 TI - The effect of lead upon urate nucleation. AB - Lead urate was crystallized from solutions originally containing 0.595 mM (10 mg%) urate and 0.297 mM PbCl2. In the absence of lead, monosodium urate does not nucleate unless the urate concentration exceeds 80 mg%. Lead urate crystals were negatively birefringent and had a distinct x-ray powder diffraction pattern. Crystals of monosodium urate nucleated on lead urate seed crystals when the urate concentration was 10 mg%. These studies indicate that with physiologic conditions of temperature, pH, and ionic strength, spontaneous nucleation of lead urate can be demonstrated. PMID- 7306229 TI - Specificity of hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factor in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factors (RF)-i.e., RF detected in the IgM-containing fraction after separation of the serum at an acid pH-have been found in 68% of patients with seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Inhibition studies utilizing a hemolytic assay for RF were performed to determine the specificity of hidden 19S IgM RF. Sera from 14 children with JRA were separated by gel filtration at pH 4.05. Two were seropositive for RF and 12 were seronegative; the latter had high titer hidden 19S IgM RF. The IgM-containing fractions were preincubated with monomeric human IgG, rabbit IgG, or bovine IgG, and the complement-dependent hemolytic assay ws performed. The RF in the IgM fraction from the 2 seropositive patients were inhibited most strongly by rabbit IgG, whereas hidden RF in the IgM fraction of 9 seronegative patients were inhibited markedly by human IgG (homologous IgG equal to autologous IgG), poorly by rabbit IgG, and not at all by bovine IgG. Further inhibition studies with the hidden 19S IgM RF demonstrated inhibition by the human IgG1 subclass in all patients and only minimal inhibition by the IgG3 subclass in 3 patients. Inhibition with IgG1 Fc fragments produced by papain and thermolysin digestion demonstrated inhibition by only those fragments that contained the G1m (a) antigenic area which is found in the C gamma 3 homology area of the IgG1 molecule. These data indicate that hidden 19S IgM RF possibly circulate as immune complexes bound to the IgG1 molecule and the binding chiefly occurs in th G1m (a) homology area. PMID- 7306231 TI - The private practice of rheumatology. The first 1,000 patients. AB - Although this report of the first 1,000 patients in a rheumatologic consultative private practice cannot necessarily reflect the general experience of rheumatology, certain conclusions may be valid and may help to guide the rheumatologist-in-training. Approximately 70% of our patients were categorized as having "inflammatory" or "connective tissue' disorders, rather than degenerative disorders. Internists and general practitioners were the principal referral sources. Over 80% of referrals came from a relatively small geographic radius of 10-15 miles. A population base of perhaps 200,000 people, therefore, may be necessary to support a purely rheumatologic practice. A relatively steady flow of 2 new patients per day was not significantly influenced by subsequent additional rheumatologists moving into the area. However, the pattern of referrals clearly changed to include more patient-to-patient referrals (nearly 30%), perhaps reflecting both loss of physician referral sources and the increasing number of referrals from satisfied patients over a period of time. PMID- 7306232 TI - Preliminary criteria for clinical remission in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A study was conducted to develop criteria for clinical remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Data were provided by 35 rheumatologists on 175 RA patients considered to be in complete remission (with or without antirheumatic therapy) and 169 RA patients in partial remission or with active disease. Six criteria yielded optimal discrimination: morning stiffness absent or not exceeding 15 minutes, no fatigue, no joint pain by history, no joint tenderness, no joint or tendon sheath swelling, and no elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In this study sample, the presence of five or more of these criteria in an individual patient yielded 72% sensitivity for clinical remission and 100% specificity in discriminating RA patients with active disease. In a population sample, it is estimated that the overall accuracy of these criteria would be more than 90% in RA patients. PMID- 7306233 TI - The use of tolmetin sodium in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7306235 TI - Use of azathioprine for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7306234 TI - Amyloid arthropathy in a patient with psoriasis and amyloidosis. PMID- 7306236 TI - DNA in synovial fluid and the circulation of patients with arthritis. AB - DNA levels were measured in synovial fluids and sera of 106 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), gout, pseudogout, and posttraumatic arthritis (TRA). In synovial fluids, the highest concentration was found in rheumatoid arthritis (mean +/- SE 18 +/- 3 microgram/ml for seropositive and 9 +/- 1 microgram/ml for seronegative variants), gout and pseudogout (17 +/- 3 microgram/ml). In contrast, the levels in patients with OA or acute TRA were very low: 0.8 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml an 1.1 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively. The differences between the means of the first disease group and OA or TRA is statistically significant. A similar pattern was observed for DNA levels in the circulation: in rheumatoid arthritis, the mean concentration was 135 +/- 28 ng/ml and 164 +/- 39 ng/ml for seropositive and seronegative RA, respectively. Again the levels in OA and TRA were much lower, 52 +/- 18 ng/ml and 0 ng/Ml, respectively. The latter are not significantly different from the mean levels of 95 normal, healthy controls (14 +/- 3 ng/ml), whereas the concentration of DNA in the serum of RA patients is significantly higher than in OA, TRA, or normal controls. Serial determinations of DNA and other criteria of disease activity (leukocytes and protein levels in synovial fluid, blood sedimentation rate) in individual patients revealed a strong correlation of elevated values with active episodes. THe results suggest that these parameters reflect tissue damage. PMID- 7306238 TI - Education, training, and rheumatology manpower studies, 1981. PMID- 7306239 TI - Manpower and fellowship education in rheumatology, 1980. PMID- 7306237 TI - Wide-field capillary microscopy. PMID- 7306241 TI - The nature of U.S. rheumatology practice, 1977. AB - A description of academic and community rheumatologist practice activities in the United States has been assembled from 826 responses to a 1977 survey of American Rheumatism Association members. Reported work hours and patient load are similar to other medical subspecialists, and three-fourths of the clinical time is devoted to persons with predominantly rheumatic disease problems. Significant differences in activities occur between academic and community practices and among rheumatologists with different training backgrounds. Few characteristics vary significantly across geographic regions containing divergent rheumatologist population ratios. Descriptive productivity measures such as these are necessary for planning; they provide part of the empirical analysis required to give reality to manpower policies. PMID- 7306240 TI - Geographic distribution of rheumatologists in Wisconsin, 1980. A guide to future need. PMID- 7306243 TI - The "rugger jersey" vertebral body. PMID- 7306242 TI - The unproven remedies committee. PMID- 7306244 TI - Familial arthritis and camptodactyly. PMID- 7306245 TI - Acute and chronic salicylate intoxication in a patient with gastric outlet obstruction. PMID- 7306246 TI - Renal papillary necrosis due to ibuprofen. PMID- 7306247 TI - Streptococcus bovis endocarditis presenting as acute vertebral osteomyelitis. PMID- 7306248 TI - Septic prepatellar bursitis due to erysipelas. PMID- 7306249 TI - Unusual pernio-like reaction to sulindac. PMID- 7306250 TI - Intravenous administration of colchicine. PMID- 7306251 TI - On the heterogeneity of HLA association in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7306252 TI - Unilateral rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7306253 TI - The distribution of histocompatibility antigens in patients with Dupuytren's contracture. PMID- 7306255 TI - Diet-induced atrial endothelial damage--a scanning electron-microscopic study. AB - A semipurified diet containing 28% fat (as lard), but no known atherogenic substances such as cholesterol, was fed to a group of Swiss stock mice. A group of similar mice was fed laboratory chow as controls. Within six weeks of diet feeding, experimental mice developed atrial thrombosis. In scattered areas of atria where thrombi were not present, the scanning electron microscope showed an endothelial response to the high-fat diet in the form of holes and crater-like lesions. In extreme cases, a whole endothelial cell might be almost totally destroyed. Clusters of leucocytes mixed with platelets and fibrin attached to the larger holes, suggesting the initiating mechanism of thrombogenesis, were also observed. PMID- 7306256 TI - Acid phosphatase activity in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the effect of various antihypertensive drugs. AB - In an attempt to obtain information about the arterial lysosomal enzymes in hypertension, we biochemically investigated acid phosphatase (Ac-Pase) activity in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the effects of various antihypertensive drugs. Ac-Pase activity in SHR was always higher than that in age-matched control rats. The enzyme activity tended to increase progressively with advancing age, a tendency which was more pronounced in SHR than in control rats. The aging process expressed by the Ac-Pase activity seems to be accelerated under hypertensive conditions. Antihypertensive drugs such as reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide, hydralazine and propranolol significantly suppressed the rise of blood pressure and decreased the aortic Ac-Pase activity in SHR. In particular reserpine and propranolol lowered Ac-Pase activity more effectively than it did blood pressure. Hypertension as well as catecholamine seem to be involved in the increase in the aortic lysosomal enzyme activity in SHR. PMID- 7306257 TI - The long-term use of garlic in ischemic heart disease--an appraisal. AB - The hypocholesterolemic and fibrinolysis-enhancing properties of garlic were assessed in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and in healthy control subjects. The peak of blood fibrinolytic activity (BFA) achieved at the 4th week of garlic therapy was not sustained despite its continuous use and returned to about the pre-garlic values at the 12th week. Garlic withdrawal did not cause any further change in BFA. Under the same conditions serum total cholesterol (STC) values did not show any significant change. Both of the foregoing features were observed in the IHD as well as in the control group. Garlic therapy for 12 weeks did not cause any appreciable changes in serum triglyceride, beta-lipoprotein, plasma fibrinogen levels or coagulation time in either IHD or control subjects. The evidence cited above does not appear to substantiate the prevalent popular belief in the efficacy of garlic in the management of IHD either as a hypocholesterolemic or as a fibrinolytic agent. PMID- 7306254 TI - Selective elevation of plasma free cholesterol concentration by administration of estrogen in the presence of total biliary obstruction. AB - On the basis of clinical observations suggesting interactive effects of biliary obstruction and estrogen therapy on plasma cholesterol levels, a prospective study of the effect of ethinyl estradiol on plasma lipid levels was carried out in a patient with total biliary obstruction. A daily dose of 50 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol raised the plasma free cholesterol concentration from 265 mg/dl to 550 mg/dl over a period o 3 weeks; there was no change in plasma ester cholesterol concentration. Withdrawal of the estrogen was followed by a fall to baseline of the free cholesterol concentration over a 45-day period; once again there was no change in ester cholesterol. Plasma phospholipid concentration rose and fell in direct proportion to the changes in free cholesterol; plasma triglyceride concentration was unaffected by the estrogen. To account for the results of this study, it is suggested that the already elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein-X in biliary obstruction are further elevated by estrogen administration. PMID- 7306258 TI - [Successful use of hemosorption in hormone-resistant pemphigus]. PMID- 7306259 TI - Cognitive dysfunction in the prediction of relapse in alcoholics. PMID- 7306260 TI - [Late surgical treatment results in initial glaucoma patients]. PMID- 7306261 TI - [Combined trabeculostomy and trabeculocyclostomy operation]. PMID- 7306262 TI - [Methodology of scientific research]. PMID- 7306263 TI - Perceived relative depth from velocity gradients: a model. AB - The effectiveness of velocity gradients in determining the accuracy of perceived relative depth in a translating surface has been shown to depend on the translation speed and the observation time. The organization of the texture elements into a perceived surface and the perception of an illusory rotational component in the motion of the surface also appear to affect accuracy. A model is presented that incorporates these four variables. Predictions of the model are compared to results obtained by Braunstein and Andersen (1981). PMID- 7306264 TI - Family structures of narcotic addicts. AB - Seventy-five families of former narcotic addicts were studied in New York City and Los Angeles. All patients were in residential treatment at the time of the study and they and their families participated in a multiple family group which was the major source of data. The most common familial pattern seen was that of a mother enmeshed with her addicted son. The father feels excluded by this dyad and reacts with disengagement, brutality, or increased consumption of alcohol. However, in certain ethnic groups the entire family including the father is quite enmeshed with each other and their addict sons. Siblings were either fellow addicts whose drug abuse is fused with that of the identified patient or, to the contrary, "good' children who were parental figures and quite successful. Addict spouse pairs tend to duplicate patterns which they have developed in their family of origin. Male addicts frequently dominate their addicted or drug-free spouse to assure themselves of being cared for. The female addict population in this study was too small (N = 16) for generalization but observed patterns are discussed. PMID- 7306265 TI - [Experimental effect of lymphogogues on blood atherogenic factors]. PMID- 7306266 TI - [Radiological investigation of hand skeleton in children with environmental exposure to fluorides (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306267 TI - [Therapeutic properties of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in experimental pulmonary pathology]. PMID- 7306268 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb.A) and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7306270 TI - [Immunological reactivity indices in a complicated puerperium]. PMID- 7306269 TI - [Anterolateral rotary instability of the knee]. PMID- 7306271 TI - The Federal budget. PMID- 7306273 TI - [Foreign bodies in the respiratory tract in children]. PMID- 7306272 TI - [Treatment of allergic rhinosinusitis in children with bee venom]. PMID- 7306274 TI - [Crisis of adolescence, an ambiguity]. AB - The adolescence is distress, rebellion, dependence. It is the time of interrogation upon the body which becomes almost strange for the individual through his transformations. The crisis of adolescence can breed many mental diseases; the most serious of them are issued from the narcissism. The crisis of adolescence is a necessary halting place before the entrance in the world of adults. PMID- 7306275 TI - [Periodic sanitation and mass chemotherapy campaigns applied separately and in combination against intestinal nematode infections in Lower Zaire]. PMID- 7306276 TI - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase: mirror-image packing of D- and L-phenylalanine and D and L-transition state analogs into the active site. PMID- 7306277 TI - Effect of diphenylhydantoin and its main hydroxylated metabolite on the pharmacokinetics and the urinary and biliary excretion of phenobarbital and its p hydroxy metabolite. AB - When rats which had been pretreated with a high dose of diphenylhydantoin (80 mg/kg) for 5 days were given a single intravenous dose of phenobarbital (30 mg/kg): (a) There was no increase in the rate at which phenobarbital (PB) disappeared from the plasma or the tissues of pretreated rats. (b) The percentages of phenobarbital and p-hydroxyphenobarbital (free and conjugated) excreted in the urine were similar in both treated and control animals. However, the percentage of conjugated p-hydroxyphenobarbital excreted, was almost twice that of the control group. (c) Pretreatment with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) markedly increased bile flow rates. Therefore these rats excreted more PB than their controls. The biliary excretion of hydroxylated metabolites of PB (free and conjugated), was similar to that found in urine. Hydroxylation was not increased although, there was a significant elevation in the percentage of conjugated metabolite excreted. In a study to establish whether the main metabolites of diphenylhydantoin interfered with the metabolism of phenobarbital the following results were obtained: (a) Intravenous administration of DPH together with PB caused a two-fold increase in the half-life of phenobarbital elimination. (b) Intravenous administration of PB, to bile duct cannulated rats which had been pretreated for 5 days with DPH, caused a significant reduction in the excretion of hydroxylated phenobarbital in comparison with their control group. However, all the excreted DPH was present in the conjugated form. (c) The DPH pretreated rats had significantly lower cytochrome P-450 and mono-oxygenase activities in their hepatic microsomes than the pretreated controls, and higher UDP glucuronyltransferase activity with DPH itself as the substrate. PMID- 7306278 TI - Work environment, type A behavior, and coronary heart disease risk factors. AB - Relationships to CHD risk factors of work environment variables, of the Type A behavior pattern, and of their interaction were studied in 384 male salaried workers. Except for an association between physical comfort in the work environment and systolic blood pressure, no significant independent relationships were found between any of the work environment variables or the Type A behavior pattern and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Type A workers who described their work environments as encouraging autonomy or being high in peer cohesion had lower blood pressures than those who did not. The reverse was found for Type Bs. Type Bs who described their environments as low in physical comfort had higher systolic blood pressure than those who did not. These significant interactions are discussed from the perspective of person-environment fit. Future directions for research and implications for CHD risk reduction are presented. PMID- 7306279 TI - [The cardiovascular risk profile in persons with normal glucose tolerance with reference to the familial occurrence of diabetes mellitus]. AB - Of 96 persons each with normal glucose tolerance test (oral glucose tolerance test in all deviations "securely normal"), but different hereditary load with diabetes the cardiovascular risk factors overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperuricaemia were established and compared according to the principle of biostatistical twin formation. Persons with heredity of diabetes have significantly more frequently overweight (p less than 0.05) than persons without familial load with diabetes. Female test persons with close diabetic relatives are more frequently hypertensives (p less than 0.05) than females without heredity of diabetes. The authors recommend more than hitherto to take into consideration genetic viewpoints within the problems of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7306280 TI - The role of GTP in lutropin-induced desensitization of the GTP regulatory cycle and adenylate cyclase in the rat ovary. PMID- 7306281 TI - [Circadian rhythm of retinal critical fusion frequency (CFF)]. AB - The measure of the fusion critical Frequency investigates the cerebral and retinal blood circulation. It has been carried out by means of Modugno-Rispoli apparatus in 11 subjects with a circadian procedure. A circadian rhythm was detected in right eye, left eye and both eyes with acrophases respectively at 11,57, 11.19 and 11.31 hrs. It is concluded that the existence of the oscillations of the cerebral vascular efficiency could have a practical implications in both diagnosis and therapy of related disease. PMID- 7306282 TI - [Physiopathologic mechanism of ventricular fibrillation induced by atropine. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on two cases of ventricular fibrillation induced by bolus of atropine injected for diagnostic purpose. The electrophysiologic effect of adrenergic stimulation following the parasympathetic blockade, is probably the responsible mechanism rather than myocardial ischemia in the first patient, affected by complete a-v block with narrow QRS. The second patient, affected by coronary heart disease and suspected sick sinus syndrome, had more probably a ventricular fibrillation because of a worsening of the underlying myocardial ischemia due to the increase of the cardiac rate. the reported observations, together with those of other Authors, suggest that atropine, at least when used for diagnostic purpose, should be employed cautiously and preferably having available all the equipment for emergency treatment of cardiorespiratory arrest. PMID- 7306283 TI - [Health and hygiene service for the miners of the Kuzbass coal mines]. PMID- 7306284 TI - Perinatal development of quinacrine-positive neurons in the rabbit gastrointestinal tract. AB - Nerve showing positive reaction to quinacrine are described in rabbit ileum and stomach during perinatal development and compared to the distribution of nerves revealed by catecholamine fluorescence and by staining for acetylcholinesterase Acetylcholinesterase- and quinacrine-positive neurons were observed on the twenty third day of gestation in both the ileum and stomach, but catecholamine fluorescence was not detected in nerves until the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth days of gestation in the stomach and ileum respectively. The possibility that quinacrine is binding to high accumulations of ATP is discussed. PMID- 7306285 TI - [Medical risk factors of ageing (author's transl)]. AB - This is a survey given by a physician on the noxae which might be regarded as risk factors affecting the human ageing process. Analysis and control of these risk factors are to be regarded as the contribution of clinical gerontology to preparation for an active old age. The author also discusses critical observations on these concerning these risk factors. PMID- 7306287 TI - [Change the health care structure and give forensic psychiatry treatment aims]. PMID- 7306286 TI - Cytotoxicity of a hybrid prepared by coupling diphtheria toxin A-chain with immunoglobulin Fab' with N,N'-o-phenylenedimaleimide. PMID- 7306288 TI - Fertility of Nepalese Sherpas at moderate altitudes: comparisons with high altitude data. PMID- 7306289 TI - Determination of residues of dithiocarbamate pesticides in foodstuffs by a headspace method. Report by the Panel on Determination of Dithiocarbamate Residues. PMID- 7306290 TI - [Management of external duodenal fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306291 TI - Effect of dietary carbohydrates and ethanol on the activity of microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. AB - Effects of fructose, starch, lactose plus starch and ethanol on the drug metabolizing enzyme system of the liver were analyzed in rats fed fructose, starch or lactose plus starch diets for 21 days. The activity of aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase and the level of cytochrome P-450 increased significantly in rats fed lactose plus starch compared to the groups fed fructose or starch diets. The activity of aniline hydroxylase increased as a result of ethanol, independent of the nature of the carbohydrate but in this case the highest activity was also found in the livers of rats previously fed a lactose plus starch diet. PMID- 7306293 TI - [A case of masochism in a bisexual individual with prevalence of the heterosexual component (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306294 TI - Biological combat of schistosomiasis Ambrosia maritima (Damsissa) for snail control. PMID- 7306292 TI - Effects of sulfonated Leu-enkephalin applied iontophoretically to cat respiratory neurones. PMID- 7306295 TI - [Ways of improving student academic research work in departments of child and adolescent hygiene]. PMID- 7306296 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the air environment in subway cars]. PMID- 7306297 TI - [Cytotoxic action of hexavalent chromium in human and animal cell cultures]. PMID- 7306300 TI - [Accessory pancreas in the wall of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 7306298 TI - [Role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating mineral metabolism]. PMID- 7306302 TI - [Classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7306299 TI - [Pathogenesis and prevention of paradoxical hypertension in the surgical treatment of aortic coarctation]. PMID- 7306301 TI - [Use of polyethylene glycol for the microinjection of exogenous protein into cultured murine cells]. AB - Polyethylene glycol was applied to microinject two exogenous proteins: bovine serum albumin and non-histone protein derived from mouse spleen chromatin, into the mouse L-cells. The effectiveness of fusion of mammal (human, in the given case) erythrocytes in which hemoglobin is substituted for the protein under study was shown to be higher than when Sendai virus was used. The microinjected proteins preserve their specificity to subcellular structures. PMID- 7306303 TI - [Diagnostic potentials of kinetocardiography for the determination of disorders of intracardiac hemodynamics]. PMID- 7306304 TI - [Human ovum at the pronucleus fusion stage after natural fertilization]. PMID- 7306305 TI - [Effect of catecholamines and their antagonists on the responses of the dental areas of the cerebral cortex evoked by dental pulp stimulation in the rabbit]. AB - The primary responses of the dental areas of the brain cortex in anesthetized rabbits were recorded to demonstrate that application of the alpha-adrenomimetic noradrenaline and beta-adrenolytic propranolol to the cortex suppressed, while application of the beta-adrenomimetic isadrin and alpha-adrenolytic phentolamine potentiated the electrical responses to nociceptive stimulation of the dental pulp. It was found that phentolamine exerted dissimilar effects. PMID- 7306306 TI - [Toxicological and hygienic studies of new brands of synthetic rubbers designed for contact with food products]. PMID- 7306307 TI - [Dosage burdens of personnel engaged in the preparation of radioisotope thickness gauges]. PMID- 7306308 TI - [Continuous electrocardiostimulation in the treatment of sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 7306309 TI - [Blood lipid composition characteristics in men under 50 who had a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7306311 TI - [Total involvement of the lower limb in melorheostosis]. PMID- 7306310 TI - [Combined and multiple injuries of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 7306313 TI - [Hygiene instruction in a healthy mode of life]. PMID- 7306314 TI - [Drug therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (methodological basis of training)]. PMID- 7306316 TI - [Use of peritoneal dialysis in intensive care in diffuse peritonitis]. PMID- 7306315 TI - [Comparative study of methods of anesthesia in closed mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 7306317 TI - [Changes in plasma phospholipid composition and lipid antioxidant activity of breast tumor patients without and following radiation therapy]. AB - Phospholipid composition and antioxidative activity of lipids were studied in blood plasma of patients with tumoral and nonmalignant pathologies of mammary glands. In patients with mammary gland tumors relative content of various phospholipids was distinctly altered as compared with healthy persons. Specific alterations in content of the phospholipids were noted at various steps of the pathological process: an increase in content of sphingomyelin and complete absence of lysophosphatidyl choline in fibroadenoma; the same phenomenon, simultaneously with an increase in content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and a decrease in phosphatidyl choline concentration, was observed in fibrocystic mastopathy. At the initial steps of malignization lysophosphatidyl choline was not found but the sphingomyelin contents were of opposite direction as compared with fibrocystic mastopathy. The subsequent development of neoplasm was characterized by an increase in relative content of sphingomyelin/in patients with tumors up to 4 cm in diameter (as well as of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and by a decrease in lysophosphatidyl choline content) tumors exceeding 5 cm/ as compared with the normal state. The antioxidative activity of blood plasma lipids was significantly decreased in patients with non-malignant tumors and with malignant neoplasms exceeding 6 cm in diameter. An X-ray treatment altered the lipid fraction antioxidative activity and relative content of erythrocyte phospholipids towards the states typical for early steps of malignization. PMID- 7306318 TI - [Treatment of viral hepatitis complicated by hepatodystrophy]. PMID- 7306312 TI - [New helminth species from fleas]. PMID- 7306319 TI - [Socio-hygienic aspects of the industrial environment as a result of the scientific and technologic revolution]. PMID- 7306320 TI - [Erythrocyte and lymphocyte interaction with streptococcal L-forms]. AB - The adsorption of human, sheep and human red blood cells and human lymphocytes on the colonies of streptococci in the L-form has been studied. Th electron microscopic study of the interaction between human lymphocytes and streptococcal L-forms is suspensions has also been carried out. The red blood cells of all species under study, as well as human lymphocytes, have been found capable of being adsorbed on the colonies of streptococci in the L-form, this adsorption occurring only on the periphery of the colony. The study of electron-microscopic preparations has revealed that streptococcal L-forms adhere to the surface (on 1 or 2 sites) and to the processes of human lymphocytes. PMID- 7306321 TI - [Estradiol, progesterone, gonadotropic hormone, chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin levels in women treated with clomiphene before and in the early stages of pregnancy]. PMID- 7306322 TI - [Skin potential registration to study the effect of anesthesia]. PMID- 7306323 TI - [Correlation between hematologic and biochemical indices of Testudo horsfieldi turtles]. AB - The morphological composition and some of biochemical factors of turtle blood, as well as correlation between the former and the latter were examined. It was revealed that the turtles and mammals differed in the factors under consideration. The data obtained are interpreted in the light of the formation of the organism's response to the environmental exposures. PMID- 7306324 TI - [Histologic changes in the viscera of animals following blood loss and transfusion of modified globin and gelatinol]. PMID- 7306325 TI - [Patient rehabilitation in complicated chronic calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 7306326 TI - [Hartman operation]. PMID- 7306327 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with pandactylitis]. PMID- 7306328 TI - [Surgical treatment of high intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7306329 TI - [Transanal biopsy of the rectum in megacolon]. PMID- 7306330 TI - [Characteristics of the medical examination of geophysicists working with ionizing radiation sources]. PMID- 7306333 TI - [Effectiveness of scleroplasty in various eye diseases]. PMID- 7306331 TI - [Clamping instruments for cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 7306332 TI - [Content and metabolic intensity of individual phospholipid fractions in the rat cerebral cortex normally and in iproniazid exposure]. PMID- 7306334 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of the radioisotope methods in the study of renal function in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7306335 TI - [Congenital lobar emphysema]. PMID- 7306337 TI - [Blood index changes on incorporating trace elements into the diet]. PMID- 7306336 TI - [New operation for nystagmus and its results]. PMID- 7306338 TI - [Effect of the facial portion of a gas mask on central twilight vision and resistance to blinding]. PMID- 7306339 TI - [Kinin system of blood in chronic cholecystitis with pain syndrome]. PMID- 7306340 TI - [Fournier's fulminating gangrene]. PMID- 7306341 TI - [Electroencephalographic correlates of differentiating verbal stimuli during natural human nighttime sleep]. PMID- 7306342 TI - [Excretion of 17-ketosteroids and their fractions in dyshormonal diseases of the breast]. PMID- 7306343 TI - [Effect of surgical intervention factors and of the early postoperative period on the dynamics of alveolar shunting in heart surgery patients]. PMID- 7306344 TI - [Peripheral blood in portal hypertension before and after splenectomy]. PMID- 7306345 TI - [Stimulation of lymph circulation in experimental acute peritonitis]. PMID- 7306346 TI - [Methods available for clinical studies for determining hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in whole blood]. PMID- 7306347 TI - [Cellular immunity evaluation in active pulmonary tuberculosis using the 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene reaction]. PMID- 7306348 TI - [Elimination of changes in mitochondrial respiration during stress by negative aero-ions]. PMID- 7306349 TI - [DTNB-light chain controls the conformational rearrangements of F-actin induced by myosin subfragment I]. PMID- 7306350 TI - [Hygienic requirements for the atmosphere on the terrain of industrial enterprises]. PMID- 7306351 TI - [Clinical and serological diagnosis of salmonellosis today]. PMID- 7306352 TI - [Mathematical modeling of human cardiovascular reactions under postural test and physical loading conditions]. AB - The paper presents a mathematical model of the human cardiovascular system consisting of 34 compartments that represent arterial and venous subsystems of the systemic and pulmonary circulation, arterio-venous capillaries, right and left ventricles and atria of the heart. The model describes pulsating blood flows, changes in the pressures and volumes during a cardiac cycle in each compartment. The model has been used to study cardiovascular reactions to exercises and to determine efficiency of different compensatory reactions to postural tests. PMID- 7306353 TI - [Principles of diagnosis of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7306354 TI - [Effect of ionizing radiation on catalase synthesis and breakdown rate in various subcellular fractions of rat liver cells]. PMID- 7306355 TI - [Teaching clinical pharmacology at a medical school]. PMID- 7306357 TI - [Arrest of the pain syndrome in acute pancreatitis by a subxiphoid novocaine block]. PMID- 7306356 TI - [Treatment of external intestinal fistulae]. PMID- 7306358 TI - [Use of turinal in the combined treatment of threatened abortion and its effect on placental hormone function]. PMID- 7306359 TI - [Mongolian-Soviet treaty relationships directed at shaping the scientific and technical potential of Mongolia in the public health field]. PMID- 7306360 TI - [Immunological criteria of different forms of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7306361 TI - [Acute hematogenic prostatitis with abscess formation in a 13-year-old boy]. PMID- 7306362 TI - [Intragastric thermography in acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis]. PMID- 7306363 TI - [Primary sarcoma of the spleen with extensive metastases]. PMID- 7306364 TI - [Antagonistic properties of Leptospira interrogans]. PMID- 7306365 TI - [Pathophysiologic and morphologic bases of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7306367 TI - Preparative isolation and characterization of the urinary aglycones of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone in man. PMID- 7306368 TI - Myometrial prostaglandins during the human menstrual cycle. AB - Prostaglandins E and F (PGE, PGF) and their 13,14-dihydro-15-keto metabolites were measured by radioimmunoassay in myometrium obtained from 27 women during abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynecologic conditions at defined stages of the menstrual cycle. Excepting the late secretory phase, when myometrial PGF concentrations were highest, the myometrial PGE concentration exceeded that of PGF throughout most of the menstrual cycle, especially during the late proliferative phase. The prostaglandin metabolites in myometrium did not fluctuate during the cycle, but their respective ratios with the parent prostaglandins showed changes indicative of increased biosynthesis and/or reduced catabolism of PGF and reduced biosynthesis and/or increased catabolism of PGE during the late secretory phase. The results suggest that PGE is involved in the mechanism of increased myometrial activity in the periovulatory period and that PGF may be important in the initiation of menstruation. PMID- 7306366 TI - Immunologic properties of conjugates of ragweed antigen E with various alkoxypolyethylene glycols. AB - Antigen E from ragweed pollen has been modified by coupling about 8 of its 18 epsilon-amino groups with various alkoxypolyethylene glycols (ROPEG). These glycols include methoxy-PEGs of 2,000 and 5,000 daltons, n-laruyloxy-PEG of 1,200 daltons (BRIJ-35), and p-isooctylpohenoxy-PEG of 3,300 daltons (Triton X-705). The immunogenic and immunosuppressive activities of these conjugates were tested in mice. They showed reduced immunogenicity for antigen E-specific IgE and IgG antibody responses although the BRIJ-35 conjugate showed only slightly decreased immunogenicity. The protein portion of the conjugate molecules appeared to contain the same antigenic determinants as in native antigen E. The alkoxypolyethyleneglycoxy portion of the conjugate molecules was found to be weakly immunogenic, since mice which had been immunized with such conjugates showed a transient weak IgE antibody response. All conjugates retained the immunosuppressive property of antigen E since the subcutaneous treatment of antigen E-sensitized mice with high doses of antigen E or of conjugate led to suppression of their specific IgE and IgG antibody levels. PMID- 7306370 TI - Codifications of anaesthetic information for computer processing. AB - In order for any decision-making process to be computer-assisted it is necessary for the information to be encodable in some way so that the computer can manipulate the data using logical operations. In this paper the information used to generate an anaesthetic regiment is examined. A method is presented for obtaining a suitable set of statements to describe the patient's history and surgical requirements. These statements are then sorted by an algorithm which uses standard Boolean operators to produce a protocol for six phases of anaesthetic procedure. An example is given of the system in operation. The system incorporate knowledge at the level of a consultant anaesthetist. The program used 428 statements to encode patient data, and drew upon a list of 163 possible prescriptions. The program ran on an LSI-11/2 computer using one disc drive. The scheme has direct application in training of junior anaesthetist, as well as producing guidelines to application in other areas of medicine where the possibility of a similar codification may exist. PMID- 7306371 TI - Historical issues concerning animal experimentation in the United States. PMID- 7306369 TI - Abdominal decompression. An approach towards treating placental insufficiency. AB - The effects of abdominal decompression applied over a period of several weeks (mean 4 weeks) in late pregnancy on biochemical and haemodynamic parameters as well as fetal growth and cardiotocogram patterns were studied in a group of 64 pregnant women with identified placental insufficiency. A statistically significant improvement was demonstrated in the following findings after treatment: placental perfusion measurements 113mIn and unconjugated oestriol and human placental lactogen, both in serum. A positive influence on antepartum cardiotocogram was observed only immediately after therapy. An acceleration of fetal growth (biparietal diameter) could not be demonstrated. Frequency and severity of EPH gestosis did not change after abdominal decompression. Abdominal decompression seems to be a valuable aid in the still unsatisfactory treatment of placental insufficiency. PMID- 7306372 TI - Legal and ethical implications of treatment of minors. PMID- 7306373 TI - The effect of intravenously injected Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in cycloheximide-treated mice. AB - An intravenous injection of 5 X 10(6) washed, viable Ehrlich ascites tumour cells given to mice 2 hr before, immediately before, or 2 hr after a dose of 60 microgram/g body weight of cycloheximide, results in such animals being either dead or moribund 48 hr later. No fatalities occur when a similar number of tumour cells are given 2 hr before or 2 hr after a dose of 30 microgram/g body weight of cycloheximide. Similarly, 5 X 10(6) tumour cells are well tolerated when given to mice 18 hr after 60 microgram/g cycloheximide. It is suggested that an undefined minimum level of recipient protein synthesis is required for maintenance of life in the presence of a challenge by 5 X 10(6) tumour cells. A minimum period (less than 6 hr) is needed for an irreversible illness to result from interaction of tumour cells with a recipient animal under the maximal influence of the 60 microgram/g dose of cycloheximide. The irreversible illness is not avoided by the use of tumour cells pretreated for 2 hr with 30 microgram/g of cycloheximide, nor is the outcome altered when both recipient and tumour cells are together subjected to a 60 microgram/g dose of cycloheximide. PMID- 7306374 TI - Effect of depressed mood in eating among obese and nonobese dieting and nondieting persons. AB - This study explored the relationship among obesity, depressed mood, current dieting habits, and eating. Depressed or nondepressed mood was induced in obese are nonobese dieters and nondieters. As predicted, dieters ate more when depressed than when nondepressed, and nondieters ate less when depressed than when nondepressed. That is, both groups reversed their typical eating patterns when depressed. Also as predicted, among depressed students, dieters ate more than nondieters; among nondepressed students, dieters at less than nondieters. The above pattern of results was found both for obese students and for nonobese students. Dieting habits were highlighted as a more salient variable than obesity in predicting eating responses to depressed mood. These findings are discussed with respect to the psychosomatic theory of obesity, Schachter's stimulus-binding theory of obesity, previous investigations of clinical depression, and Herman and Polivy's theory of restrained eating. PMID- 7306375 TI - [The irritable colon. A psychosomatic approach]. AB - The psychosomatic concept of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is critically examined. Criticism of obsolete and uncontrolled views is oftered through a selective review of literature. A new formulation of the psychosomatic diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, which may apply to other somatic illnesses as well is given. PMID- 7306376 TI - [Experience with the organization of drug information in Hungary (author's transl)]. AB - Medicinal therapy is changing more dynamically than all other fields of medicine. New therapeutic techniques, new drugs and combinations of drugs are in such a rapid succession that the knowledge required in modern therapeutic approaches can be imparted in time to physicians and pharmacists only by means of an adequate information system. In 1958, the Ministry of Health (consulting pharmacists) started the National Organization of Drug Information and charged the National Pharmaceutical Institute with its direction and further development. In the past 22 years this Organization established by its activity a co-operation between pharmacists and physicians which functions so well that now it cannot be dispensed with in everyday work. 50 specially qualified pharmacists are members of the Central Organization of Drug Information. An analysis of the therapeutic methods and of the supply of drugs testified to the positive activity of this Organization and to the need for its further development. In the framework of the health departments of the counties and of the pharmaceutical centres, there exists a so-called network of drug information, the activities of which are guided by members of the National Pharmaceutical Institute. The ever extending network of drug information is of incontestable value to the public health service, the medicinal therapy and to the correct information about drugs from the viewpoints of science and ethnics. PMID- 7306377 TI - Genetics of the LH red blood cell membrane specificity. AB - A lectin obtained from seeds of Erythrina lithosperma detects a new specificity, called LH, on the human red blood cell membrane. Family investigations show conclusively that the specificity is under autosomal genetic control, with the gene determining the LH- type being dominant over its allele for the LH+ type. PMID- 7306378 TI - Antigen-specific and -non-specific regulatory influences of antibody in immune responses are determined by variable region properties. AB - The regulatory effects of a constant titre of anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) antibodies collected during primary and secondary responses and separated according to class, as well as monoclonal antibodies of the same isotypes, were compared by studying the specific and total plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to the simultaneous administration of antigen. Polyclonal secondary IgG1 antibodies were found unique in their ability to suppress completely specific PFC responses. Polyclonal secondary antibodies of other IgG subclasses, polyclonal primary IgG1 and monoclonal IgG1 antibodies, all were found at the same titre either totally ineffective or mediating very litte suppression. Primary polyclonal IgM antibodies were also found much superior to monoclonal antibodies and to secondary polyclonal IgM antibodies in their ability to enhance specific responses and largely augment the total number of Ig PFC in the spleen. While these results are most easily interpreted by postulating a primary determination of regulatory properties by V-regions, we could not find evidence for "allotype restriction" of these effects. PMID- 7306379 TI - [Histological typing of lung tumors. Second edition, 1981 (author's transl)]. AB - The WHO Histological Classification of Lung Tumours, published in 1967, has been revised. The main features are as follows: Squamous cell carcinoma (epidermoid carcinoma) has the same definition as in the original version, i.e., the identification of keratin and/or intercellular bridges by light microscopy. Three degrees of histological differentiation are described. Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ are discussed. Small cell carcinoma is divided into oat-cell carcinoma, and intermediate cell type and a category for oat-cell carcinomas combined with other major types. Adenocarcinoma includes the acinar, papillary and bronchiolo alveolar forms and the solid carcinomas with mucus formation (previously part of the large cell carcinoma group). Mesothelial tumours are divided into fibrous, epithelial and biphasic subtypes. A number of less common tumours and tumour-like lesions are defined. PMID- 7306381 TI - [Odontogenic induction and ameloblastoma. Histoenzymological and ultrastructural studies (author's transl)]. AB - The ameloblastoma is usually thought to be devoid of any odontogenic capacity. However, the histological, ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of 5 cases demonstrates the fairly high level of differentiation of some ameloblastic cells in such neoplasms. Furthermore, it suggests very early stage of epithelio conjunctive interaction. The tumours consist, in addition to stellate, squamous, clear and dark epithelial cells, of densely packed peripheral columnar cells similar to the differentiated ameloblasts of the inner epithelium of enamel organ (median nucleus, well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lysosomal-vacuolar system located in the distal end of the cells). Besides, the cytoplasmic membrane shows some pocket-like apical invaginations similar to early Tomes processes. On the other hand, similarly to physiological odontogenesis, an abundant amount of granulo-filamentous material is found along the lateral cellular membranes, and the basement membrane. This substance, sometimes, is intermingled with vertical collagenous fibers. In some areas, it is disrupted and cytoplasmic invaginations of epithelial cells, passing through these gaps, are connected with neighbouring mesenchymatous cells. In other respects, despite the lack of any odontoblastic differentiation, the high level of alkaline phosphatase activity found in these cells by means of histo and cytoenzymological technics, looks like that of odontogenic mesenchymal cells. These findings seem to demonstrate the histogenetic unicity of odontogenic tumours. These neoplasms, like the embryonary dental organ, are provided with two types of cells (epithelial and stromal cells). Thus, they are able to induce odontogenesis. But, in ameloblastoma, this power of induction is restricted to a very early stage of odontogenesis. PMID- 7306380 TI - [Melanotic schwannoma (pigmented neurilemmoma). A light and electron microscopic study of a case with double tumoral localization and periosteal implantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306382 TI - [Contribution of immunologic surface markers to the differential anatomo pathological diagnosis of malignant lymphomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306383 TI - [Histological examination of the placenta (author's transl)]. AB - Methods for sampling of the placenta for the purpose of microscopic examination are described, taking into account functional topography and changes significantly linked to foeto-placental pathology. A table shows the chief histological changes seen in the placenta, together with a list of the chief diagnoses in placental pathology. PMID- 7306384 TI - Visual acuity in cats following surgically induced cyclotropia. AB - Visual acuity was measured, using a jumping stand technique, in cats which had undergone surgical cyclotorsion of one or both eyes. In cats with unilateral rotations acuity was depressed in the rotated eye and the extent of loss increased with larger amounts of rotation. Cats which had undergone bilateral rotations tended to have lower acuities than normal cats and there was a slight tendency for the eye with the greater rotation to show the larger deficit. Evidence is presented that the lowered acuities were not the result of peripheral damage and it is suggested that the defect may be considered as a form of strabismic amblyopia. PMID- 7306387 TI - The effect of a unilateral ablation of the occipital lobe on pattern discrimination in the rabbit. AB - Binocular brightness and striated pattern discrimination were studied in Dutch belted rabbits. A comparison was made between normal animals and animals in which a unilateral lesion of the occipital lobe had been made three months after birth. No difference between the two groups was found in brightness discrimination learning. However, normal animals were found to do better both in acquisition and accuracy of striated pattern discrimination. PMID- 7306385 TI - Evidence for the sequential participation of inferior temporal cortex and amygdala in the acquisition of stimulus-reward associations. AB - On a test of one-trial learning of object-reward associations, monkeys showed marked impairment after lesions of either the anterior part of inferior temporal cortex (area TE) or the amygdala (A). By contrast, little or no loss followed lesions of either the posterior part of inferior temporal cortex (area TEO) or the fusiform-hippocampal gyrus and hippocampus (FHH). The finding of impairment after either the area TE or A lesions fits the view [11] that stimulus-reward learning in vision is mediated by a functional chain connecting the visual system to the limbic system through relays in the inferior temporal cortex and the amygdala. Area TE is considered to be the last purely visual link in this pathway. A previous study [19] showed that damage to area TE, but not to other temporal lobe structures (TEO, A or FHH), severely impairs performance on a one trial-learning test of object recognition as distinguished from object-reward association. Presumably, the impairment after TE lesions in the present study was due to this same basic recognition disorder. The impairment after amygdalectomy, however, not being attributable to a recognition disorder, appears to reflect instead a disorder in object-reward association learning. Together, these results provide evidence that the formation of object-reward associations in vision involves the sequential participation of a recognition mechanism dependent on the inferior temporal cortex and an associative process dependent on the amygdala. PMID- 7306386 TI - T-maze alternation, response patterning, and septo-hippocampal circuitry in rats. AB - The effects of small electrolytic lesions in the posterodorsal septal area (aimed at the precommissural fornix) on acquisition and retention of either a spatio temporal task (contingently reinforced T-maze alternation) or a temporal task (response patterning in a straight runway) were investigated in Long-Evans rats. Acquisition of T-maze alternation was impaired following posterodorsal septal lesions, but with extensive training there was evidence of learning. Postoperative retention of T-maze alternation was also impaired by posterodorsal septal lesions but, again, with continued practice the experimental animals relearned the task and came to perform as well as controls. Postoperative acquisition of response patterning in a runway was significantly but not greatly impaired by posterodorsal septal lesions. The experimental animals did pattern, but not as well as controls, even after substantial practice. Retention of response patterning was severely impaired following lesions in the posterodorsal septum but, as in the T-maze task, experimental animals improved significantly in performance with postoperative practice. The results were interpreted in the light of two recent formulations of the functions of the septo-hippocampal system: cognitive mapping and working memory. However, the data are not conclusive and suggest that inhibition theories of septo-hippocampal function are possibly relevant. PMID- 7306388 TI - Role of olfactory cues in the radial maze performance of rats. AB - Contribution of the smell of food and odor trails to the performance of rats in a 12-arm radial maze was assessed in 12 rats. Choice accuracy was increased rather than decreased by omission of bait (Experiment 1). Maze arms entered during the first 6 choices in the 12-arm radial maze were randomly re-entered during the subsequent 6 choices in a parallel maze assembled from the same maze segments (Experiment 2). Error incidence increased from 1.33 to 1.94 per trial but remained below chance (3.0) when after 6 choices in radial maze A the rat completed the trial in an identical and similarly located maze B (Experiment 3). It is concluded that odor cues alone do not guide the animal's choice, but that they contribute to the complex sensory information essential for correct performance. PMID- 7306390 TI - Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity by hydrocortisone "in vitro". AB - The effect of hydrocortisone (HC) on in vitro human polymorphonuclear leukocyte cytotoxicity was studied. HC was able to inhibit reversibly and in a dose dependent way the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and the phytohemagglutinin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (PDCC). The killing defect was partially overcome by increasing the antibody or the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) concentrations on the target cells. HC inhibited the PDCC more efficiently than ADCC; in fact the inhibition was present even at 10-5 M HC levels. Higher concentrations caused a progressive reduction in both tests. Inhibition of these PMN-mediated cytotoxicities may explain, in part, bot the anti-inflammatory actions of steroids and their deleterious effects on host defenses. PMID- 7306391 TI - [Granulocytic function in children with selective IGA deficiency and recurrent infections: demonstration of altered chemotaxis]. AB - Some parameters of neutrophil function (NBT reduction, bactericidal activity, chemotaxis) have been examined in 15 children with selective IgA deficiency and recurrent infections of respiratory and/or intestinal tract. In no case a defect in NBT reduction was observed. Mean results of bactericidal activity were normal, but in one child bacterial killing was lower than 2 SD of normal values. In 7 out 12 of patients a severe defect in cellular chemotaxis was proved, and in 1 a poor chemotactic activity of the serum was observed. Correlations between the defect in neutrophil chemotaxis and selective IgA deficiency are discussed. PMID- 7306392 TI - [Molecular characterization of plasmids of Proteus rettgeri]. PMID- 7306393 TI - [Epidemiology of multiresistant S. aureus in a burn center]. AB - Multi-resistant S. aureus, have been isolated from wounds of patients in the burn unit of the University of Parma. The strains were resistant to penicillin (85%), methicillin (30%), gentamycin (63%), rifampicin (41%), cotrimoxazole (38%), lincomycin (39%), tetracycline (73%), erythromycin (66%) and cephaloridine (11%). The spread of these strains has been monitored by the analysis of the antibiograms and the lysotypes and in few cases some strains were also found in other wards of the Hospital. All of these had some correlation with the burns unit. Medical and technical staff of this ward was found to be carrier of multi resistant S. aureus in 46% of the cases and that feature is supposed to be the most important in the epidemiology of S. aureus in this Hospital. PMID- 7306394 TI - [Analytical error in the acceptance criteria and testing of homogenous drugs by health authorities]. PMID- 7306389 TI - Sex differences in effects of environmental stimulation on brain weight of previously undernourished rats. AB - Neonatally undernourished male and female rats were housed under differential (enriched vs standard) environmental conditions during refeeding from 30 days post-partum (dpp). Animals were killed at 170 dpp and whole brain, forebrain and cerebellar weights compared with those of normally-fed, differentially housed control animals. A sex difference was observed in the response to environmental enrichment. Enriched females showed significantly increased brain weights, irrespective of previous nutritional history. Enriched males failed to show any significant alteration in brain weight. Autopsy results indicated that the enriched condition was stressful to males but not to females. The results cast doubt on the notion that infantile undernutrition may limit later effects of differential experience on the brain. PMID- 7306395 TI - [Determination of urinary lead after concentration and purification on chelating resins]. PMID- 7306396 TI - [Chemical and microbiological determination of cephalexin and sodium flucloxacillin in combination, following separation by HPLC]. PMID- 7306397 TI - [Antihypertensive activity of minoxidil, hydralazine, prazosin, phentolamine and clonidine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Comparison with therapeutic dosages]. PMID- 7306398 TI - [Proposals for the pharmacopoeia: tinctures and extracts]. PMID- 7306399 TI - Gibberellin- and cytokinin-like activities in marine algae from central Mediterranean. AB - The distribution of gibberellin- and cytokinin-like activities in twenty-one species of mediterranean algae belonging to Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta has been investigated. Fractions containing each of these activities have been obtained by partitioning aqueous-methanolic extracts of algae against ethyl acetate and butanol successively at different pH values. The stimulation or inhibition of amaranthin synthesis in Amaranthus sp. seedlings have been used a biological tests to assay the cytokinin- or gibberellin-like activities respectively. One or both these two hormonal activities have been detected in all species examined. While cytokinin-like activity has been found with the same frequency in the two phyla, the gibberellin-like activity was less frequent in Phaeophyta. PMID- 7306400 TI - [Chromosomal variability of 2 species of Nicotiana in fluid culture]. AB - The chromosomal number in relation with the age of suspension culture of nicotiana glauca (NG) and the non tumorous N. glauca x N. langsdorffii hybrid has been studied. In both species, an higher variability of chromosome number is present in younger culture. Aged cultures show a stabilization, for NG, around the hexaploid number (3n = 72) and for NNT, which is an amphidiploid specie, on the tetraploid level (4n = 84). Both species show, with the age of culture, a decrease in plant regeneration capacity, which is not due to chromosomal variability, since young cultures are much more variable than older one. PMID- 7306401 TI - Effects of chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment on rat nigral GABA content. AB - The effects of chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment on nigral GABA content were investigated in rats. Chronic sulpiride treatment is capable of inducing an increase in nigral GABA content whilst no significant effect is observed following chronic haloperidol treatment at the doses used. The different effects of haloperidol and sulpiride on nigral GABA content were related to the different neuropharmacological spectrum of the two drugs. PMID- 7306402 TI - Short-term thermoregulatory adjustments to ambient temperature changes in the rabbit. I. Theoretical model. AB - A model of thermoregulation is proposed, based on additive features found both in the processing of thermal information and in the interaction between thermoregulation and other vegetative functions. According to this model, it may be expected that, if temperature changes are induced in some thermal inputs, other thermal inputs will show specular temperature changes. The model has been experimentally tested. PMID- 7306404 TI - [Depression of responsivity of the preoptic region to repetitive electric stimulation during desynchronized sleep]. AB - Respiratory effects of preoptic and vagal repetitive electrical stimulation were studied in unrestrained cats during sleep. Preoptic stimulation influenced breathing during synchronized sleep, but not during desynchronized sleep. Breathing was affected by vagal stimulation during both synchronized and desynchronized sleep, although an increase in threshold was apparent during the latter stage of sleep. The results show that the depression of preoptic responsiveness during desynchronized sleep is non-specific. PMID- 7306403 TI - Short-term thermoregulatory adjustments to ambient temperature changes in the rabbit. II. Experimental results. AB - Rabbits housed at constant ambient temperature (Ta = 22 +/- 1 degree C) were exposed, in different sessions, to different Ta's, ranging from 0 to 25 degrees C. The steady values of both ear skin (Ts) and hypothalamic (Thy) temperature were measured. Ts appeared to be positively correlated with Ta, while, on the contrary, Thy was found to be negatively correlated with Ta. specular changes, therefore, were induced on Ts and Thy by Ta changes, according to the additive model proposed in a previous paper. PMID- 7306406 TI - [Monolayer culture technic using human glioblastomas]. PMID- 7306405 TI - [Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids of ascitic fluid in ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 7306407 TI - [In vitro cytotoxicity in the immunological study of human glioblastomas]. AB - An immunological study about the lymphocytes of nineteen patients affected by glioblastoma has been executed by using CML and ADCC tests. Eleven healthy subjects and nine ones affected by bladder carcinoma have been studied for control. The CML test has demonstrated an increase of citotoxic activity of lymphocytes in the totality of the patients affected by glioblastoma (37,09 +/- 3,67)% versus (4,00 +/- 1,78)% of controls. The ADCC test has demonstrated diminution of citotoxic activity of lymphocytes of the patients affected by glioblastoma in comparison with controls (20,57 +/- 9,77)% versus (29,18 +/- 6,67)% of the healthy controls versus (27,66 +/- 8,51)% of bearers of bladder carcinomas. PMID- 7306409 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of the kidney in the guinea pig and rat after treatment with daunomycin]. PMID- 7306408 TI - [Bronchial mucociliary function. A new diagnostic technic]. AB - To study mucociliary clearance of central airways we used a recently described method consisting of the inhalation of 99mTc labeled autologous spherocytes aerosol. In 3 of 8 normal non smoking subjects, an abnormally low rate of m.c.c. was observed. The m.c.c. rate was also very low in 2 of 6 patients with bronchial cr. who never smoked. These observations provide considerable evidence that those non smoking subjects presenting with low mucociliary clearance may be regarded as "high risk subjects" for broncho-pulmonary diseases. The good central deposition pattern of the inhaled spherocytes may provide, in very ill patients, a non invasive visualization of the central airways. PMID- 7306411 TI - [Preliminary observations on the comparative physiopathology of plasma lipoproteins: dog and human. I]. AB - Total plasma cholesterol (C) and triglyceride (TG), C and TG-VLDL, C-LDL and C HDL values have been observed in 7 english setter dogs and in 13 healthy human controls; in the dog most of TG is carried by LDL + HDL and 87,5% of C by HDL; on the contrary in man 21% of C is carried by HDL. It is considered the possibility of a different function of HDL in dog and in man. PMID- 7306412 TI - [Serum lipoprotein fractions in chronic liver diseases with and without alcoholism]. AB - Total serum cholesterol (C) and triglyceride (TG) levels, C and TG-VLDL, C-LDL and C-HDL, total apoprotein B (apo B) and albumin (alb.) have been studied in three groups of patients with liver cirrhosis (CE), persistent hepatitis (EPS) and alcoholic chronic liver disease (EA) divided in two sub-groups of 4 EPS and 4 CE, and have been compared with controls values. In all cases the diagnosis was made on liver biopsy C, C-LDL and C-HDL levels were significantly lower in EPS, C and C-LDL in EA and CE; comparing the three groups each other, the only statistically significant difference was found for C-HDL values, more elevated in the 4 cases of EPS with alcoholism than in CE and EPS without alcoholism. PMID- 7306413 TI - [A versatile and economic microcomputer for morphometric measurements: first application and programs]. PMID- 7306414 TI - [Evaluations of respiratory functional parameters in sponge fishers from the island of Kalimnos (Greece)]. AB - We had intended to study functional respiratory patterns of a sponge-divers group from the Island of Kalymnos (Greece). Such a group constitutes a very homogeneous sample for dietary habits and underwater activity, handed down from father to son. Some of these sponge-divers dives holding his breath; others use "narghile", a special apparatus consisting in a nosepiece connected to an air compressor placed in the boat. As their activity is continuative and prolonged for several months in the years with repeated dives from dawn to dusk, and because air output of narghile is nearly constant, it is possible to deduce that in these subjects functional respiratory modifications are occurred. After evaluated three groups (skindivers, narghile-divers and control-group) we didn't notice any particular change of static and dynamic pulmonary volumes. Only Expiratory Reserve Volume is higher in spite to Knudson's values; this is probably due to psychological and emotional factors. PMID- 7306410 TI - [Comparative study of cardiocirculatory response and respiratory reflex to the injection of bradykinin, inorganic phosphates and prostaglandins into the femoral artery]. AB - In 15 anesthetized rabbits the reflex changes in arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate in response to injections of bradykinin inorganic phosphate and prostaglandins into femoral artery have been studied. Intraarterial injection of bradykinin produced a reflex fall in arterial pressure, bradycardia and tachypnea. The latency of response ranged from 6 to 7 sec. The threshold dose was about 50 ng. This effect was accompanied by a consistent increase in the afferent discharge in the saphenus nerve. Isotonic mixtures of Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4 at pH 7, PGE1, PGE2, and PGA, when injected into femoral artery even in high doses, failed to produce any significant cardiocirculatory or respiratory reflex responses. Infusion of PGE1 (1 ug/min) into femoral artery, although inactive by itself, enhanced the reflex effect of bradykinin. PMID- 7306416 TI - [In vivo effects of rapid glycemic variations on HbA1c]. AB - The percent of variations of glycosylated haemoglobin before and after rapid glycemic increases inducted in diabetics and healthy subjects are not significant (p greater than 0,05). The same results were obtained using both the chromatographic method on Bio-Rex 70 microcolumns and the colorimetric method with 2-thiobarbituric acid. The usefulness of HbA1c as a parameter in controlling the glycemic equilibrium is confirmed. PMID- 7306415 TI - [Effects of the presence of hydrolyzed amides in the diets of weaned piglets on the digestive utilization of various nutrients]. AB - With a research carried out on early weaned piglets the effects of the presence in the diets of dextrose and partially hydrolyzed starch (maltodextrins), either alone or together, on the digestive utilization of some nutrients were evaluated. For this purpose 24 castrated males Landrace X (Large White X Duroc) with an average of 19 days were assigned to four homogeneous groups of 6 piglets each, reared in batteries and fed with the diets: A (control); B (5% dextrose); C (5% maltodextrins) and D (5% dextrose + 5% maltodextrins). The hydrolyzed products were in partial substitution of corn and barley flakes. The apparent digestibility of the nutrients in vivo was evaluated by means of Cr2O3, added as added as indicator to the diets in the quantity of 0,3%. The results show that both dextrose and maltodextrins alone improve the digestive utilization of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen (only with 5% dextrose) and especially of energy; the effects of dextrose and maltodextrins together on the digestibility of these nutrients are lower, but higher in the case of minerals. The results partially corroborate those obtained with our previous researches and seem to indicate that 5% of hydrolyzed starch better the digestive utilization of nutrients through an improvement of the intestinal fermentations, but that 10% (5% dextrose + 5% maltodextrins) is a too large quantity. PMID- 7306418 TI - E-C coupling during poisoning with 2,4-dinitrophenol and recovery in papillary muscle of guinea-pig: 1. Effect on the cardiac mechanical activity. AB - The effects of 2.4-Dinitrophenol on the mechanical activity of Guinea-pig papillary muscles were studied. 1 x 10(-4) M DNP initially potentiated the contraction and subsequently suppressed the mechanical activity in about 12 min. During the negative inotropic phase a contracture was developed. All the effects were reversible. PMID- 7306417 TI - [HbA2 evaluation: comparison between microchromatography on a DEAE cellulose column and conventional cellulose acetate electrophoresis]. AB - Even if different methods were employed in Hb A2 level detection, so far the borderline values between normal and pathological "range" depend on the different laboratories and techniques. The Authors report here an investigation carried out on Hb A2 levels using two different methods: the chromatographic technique by DEAE cellulose column, and the cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The investigation regards 46 normal and 50 beta-thalassemia obligate carrier samples. The results demonstrate that chromatographic technique provides a lowest misclassification rate with a greater reliability. Therefore the use of the microchromatographic procedure for beta-thalassemia screening is recommended. PMID- 7306419 TI - E-C coupling during poisoning with 2,4-dinitrophenol and recovery in papillary muscle of guinea-pig: 2. Effect on the cardiac electrical activity. AB - -DNP (1 x 10(-4)M) reduced membrane resting potential, overshoot, rate of depolarization, conduction velocity, action potential plateau, twitch tension and increased the passive base tension. -All the electrical and mechanical effects were reversed by the wash out. -The results are consistent with an inhibition of the ion active transport by the membrane Na+-K+ pump and the SR Ca++ pump. PMID- 7306421 TI - Preliminary observations on the heart of the haemoglobinless Antarctic fish Champsocephalus gunnari, Lonnberg. AB - The heart of the haemoglobinless and myoglobinless "icefish" Champsocephalus gunnari shows interesting morphometric and histological features. The relative heart weight in two animals (body weights 479.2 and 481.0) was significantly greater than in other sea-water teleosts and corresponds to values found in small mammals (with the exception of tuna). The histological features of both the ventricular myocardium and the bulbus arteriosus as well as the unique appearance of the parietal pericardium indicate important adaptations in the circulatory functions of this animal. PMID- 7306420 TI - [Hydrophobic parameters in homologous series of psychopharmaceuticals]. AB - The 1-octanol/water partition coefficients of sets of 1,4-benzodiazepine and phenothiazine derivatives are determined. The values of the hydrophobic parameters obtained by shake-flask procedure are correlated to the corresponding HPLC retention times. The existence of linear correlations between the two experimentally determined parameters clearly show that chromatographic indices model excellently the shake-flask parameters. PMID- 7306422 TI - [Preliminary considerations on the occurrence of antigens of the HLA system in a group of chronic glomerulonephritis patients]. AB - 80 patients affected by Cronic Glomerulonephritis have been typed for HLA-A-B-C locuses, using a standard NIH Microfinphotoxicity Technique. 66 healthy blood donors have been types as controls. A significantly increased frequency of HLA Bw35 has been reported in the patients group. Further analysis is needed for definite conclusions about linkage between this disease and HLA antigens. PMID- 7306423 TI - Standardization vs. normalization in the power spectral analysis of the EEG signal. AB - Data from power analysis of the human EEG were processed statistically, and an area within the power spectrum was identified, limited by the abscissa and by an exponential curve, the parameters of which could be defined by a moving linear regression after logarithmic transform of the spectral data. The EEG signal of normal subjects and epileptics with borderline EEG tracings was studied before and after administration of neuroactive compounds. The exponential curve was found to be negative in all subjects; its parameters were symmetrical and were not modified by the drugs administered, though these were active on the spectral profile. The area limited by the curve was used as a reference for the standardization of the power values with respect to a constant to the signal. The method allowed a better definition of the spectral profile than it is obtained by normalization vs. the total power value. PMID- 7306424 TI - Morphological effects of cytidin-diphosphate-choline on rats with lesions of the substantia nigra: study using horse radish peroxidase method. AB - Morphological effects of Cytidin-diphosphate-Choline (CDP-choline) (Ni-cholin) on rat brain with Substantia nigra lesions were studied by using the horse radish peroxidase method (HRP). Three groups of animals were studied. Post-lesion axonal and cellular regeneration was detected only in the group of rats treated with CDP choline q.d. i.m. for 15 days. PMID- 7306425 TI - Sublingual buprenorphine used postoperatively: clinical observations and preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis. AB - 1 Buprenorphine is a long-acting opiate analgesic. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of this drug when given by the sublingual route to ten postoperative patients. Plasma levels of buprenorphine were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. 2 Plasma levels of the drug following sublingual administration of 0.4 mg showed an apparent delay in absorption and then rose slowly to reach low but significant levels by 3 h. There was considerable variation in the time at which peak levels were achieved. The average systemic availability of the drug by this route was estimated to be 30% by 3 h. 3 Analgesic efficacy and duration of sublingual buprenorphine were assessed using demand analgesia. The analgesia was of about 9 h duration, similar to that achieved by parenteral administration of 0.3 mg of the drug to an equivalent group of patients. The sublingual dose caused a significant fall in the postoperatively elevated group of patients. The sublingual dose caused a significant fall in the postoperatively elevated plasma glucose, and prevented any further rise in plasma cortisol. 4 Reasons for the efficacy of the sublingual route are discussed and it is suggested that this route may be particularly appropriate for highly lipophilic drugs like buprenorphine. PMID- 7306426 TI - A chronic dose-ranging study of the pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in rheumatoid arthritic patients. AB - Phenylbutazone in doses of 200, 300 and 400 mg/day was administered chronically to six rheumatoid arthritic patients. At each steady-state the plasma levels of phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone as well as the extents of binding of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone to plasma proteins were measured. 2 Plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone did not increase proportionally with dose but when corrected for protein binding unbound concentrations of phenylbutazone did show a proportional increase with dose. 3 Plasma concentrations of oxyphenbutazone decreased with an increase in phenylbutazone dose suggesting either that the elimination of oxyphenbutazone is stimulated or its formation inhibited after chronic administration of phenylbutazone. 4 Binding studies with human serum albumin demonstrated the ability of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone to mutually displace one another. Neither saturation of the protein binding sites nor displacement interactions could account for the changes in binding shown by phenylbutazone with increased dose. 5 gamma-hydroxyphenylbutazone concentrations increased proportionally with phenylbutazone dose reaching 68% of the phenylbutazone concentration in one patient. There was a large inter-subject variation in the gamma hydroxyphenylbutazone concentrations. PMID- 7306427 TI - Absorption and bioavailability of oral erythromycin. AB - 1 Extent and rate of absorption of erythromycin were studied in 24 healthy volunteers whose disposition kinetics after i.v. injections had been previously documented. 2 Two clinically attractive oral dosage regimens were administered: erythromycin stearate tablets 1 h before meals (Regimen A), and erythromycin base capsules 30 min after start of meals (Regimen B), each equivalent to erythromycin 250 mg, 6 h apart for 9 doses. 3 Serum concentrations of erythromycin measured during the 1st and 9th (steady-state) dosing intervals resulted in higher maximum serum concentrations for Regimen A (median 1.1, range 0-3.3 and 2.7, 0.6-7.3 mg/l for Doses 1 and 9, respectively) compared with Regimen B (0.4, 0-2.2 and 1.4, 0.2 4.9 mg/l). 4 Absorption occurred earlier with Regimen A with times to maximum concentrations (median, range) being 128, 60-greater than 360 and 118, 75-210 min for doses 1 and 9 respectively, (lag times 75, 15- greater than 360 and 73, 10 110 min) compared with 303, 130-greater than 360 and 173, 45-greater than 360 min (lag times 183, 70-greater than 360 and 190, 20-330 min) for Regimen B. 5 Where it could be assessed, absolute bioavailability for Regimen A was approximately 30% (Dose 1) and 65% (Dose 9) and 40% for both doses of Regimen B. 6 Whereas individual serum concentration-time curves were accurately predicted by the mean for Regimen A, predictability for Regimen B was impossible due to prolonged and variable lag time. 7 The large intersubject variability in erythromycin serum concentration after oral administration, has been shown conclusively to be related to variability in absorption kinetics and absolute bioavailability rather than to variability in disposition kinetics. PMID- 7306428 TI - Gallamine disposition in surgical patients with chronic renal failure. AB - 1 Plasma levels of gallamine and the elicited neuromuscular response have been measured in seven patients with compromised renal function who received a single 2 mg/kg dose and in a further patient who received an initial dose of 2 mg/kg followed by two additional doses of 1 mg/kg. 2 The plasma level-time data from all patients was adequately explained by a biexponential equation interpreted as a two-compartment open mammillary model. 3 Comparison of the model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters for gallamine between these patients and a group of normal patients revealed that the elimination phase half-life (T and one-half beta) was significantly prolonged in renal failure with a marked reduction in the plasma clearance of gallamine. 4 Gallamine had larger apparent volumes of distribution in the presence of renal failure than those found in normal patients. 5 The peak paralysis levels attained and the associated plasma concentrations of gallamine were similar in patients with and without renal failure. 6 At this low dosage the rate of recovery from paralysis in renal failure patients, though similar to that noted normally, appeared to be somewhat slower in some patients. 7. The results suggest that gallamine is not to be preferred to other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants in patients with renal failure. PMID- 7306429 TI - Effects of microsomal enzyme induction on paracetamol metabolism in man. AB - 1 The metabolism of paracetamol after a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg was compared in fifteen patients with microsomal enzyme induction taking anticonvulsants or rifampicin and twelve healthy volunteers. 2 Induction was confirmed by measurement of the plasma antipyrine half-life (mean 6.4 h in the patients compared with 12.8 h in the volunteers). 3 The glucuronide conjugation of paracetamol was enhanced in the induced patients as shown by lower plasma paracetamol concentrations, a shorter paracetamol half-life, higher paracetamol glucuronide concentrations and an increased ratio of the area under the plasma concentration time curves of the glucuronide to the unchanged drug. There were no significant differences in sulphate conjugation. 4 There was a corresponding change in the pattern of urinary metabolite excretion. The induced patients excreted significantly less unchanged drug and sulphate conjugate and more glucuronide conjugate than the healthy volunteers. 5 The urinary excretion of the mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugated of paracetamol was the same in both groups. 6 Conversion of paracetamol to its potentially hepatotoxic metabolite does not seem to be increased in patients induced with anticonvulsants or rifampicin. There would seem to be no contraindication to the use of these drugs in combination. PMID- 7306430 TI - Decreased systemic clearance of caffeine due to cimetidine. AB - 1 Five normal subjects received pre-treatment with cimetidine 200 mg three times daily and 400 mg at night for 6 days, or matching placebo. 2 Caffeine (300 mg) was given orally before any treatment and at the beginning of the last day of each treatment course. Treatments were randomly allocated and separated by at least one week. 3 A significant reduction occurred in the systemic clearance of caffeine and the half-life was prolonged as determined from measurement of caffeine in plasma and saliva. No change occurred in the apparent volume of distribution. 4 The oral bioavailability of caffeine was found to be complete in the one subject studied. 5 It is suggested that cimetidine inhibits the microsomal metabolism of caffeine. Although the steady state plasma caffeine would increase by approximately 70%, it is unlikely that this would produce adverse clinical effects. PMID- 7306431 TI - The effect of cimetidine on cyclic nucleotides in human gastric mucosa. AB - 1 Pre-drug concentrations of both nucleotides were similar in patients with or without peptic ulceration. 2 The effect of a singly infusion or repeated oral administration of cimetidine on human gastric mucosal content of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP was studied. 3 Biopsies from the body of the stomach were taken at endoscopy from patients who were participating in a clinical trial of the value of cimetidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Cyclic nucleotide determinations and histological examinations were performed on biopsies taken before and after cimetidine treatment. 4 Gastric mucosal content of cyclic AMP was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) 20 min after intravenous infusion of 200 mg cimetidine. There was also a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in gastric mucosal cyclic AMP following administration of the drug orally for 28 days. No alterations in gastric mucosal histology were observed following cimetidine treatment. 5 Gastric mucosal content of cyclic GMP was not altered by intravenous drug infusion, or by chronic treatment. PMID- 7306433 TI - Radioimmunoassay for trifluoperazine in human plasma. AB - 1 A new sensitive and rapid radioimmunoassay procedure for the determination of the plasma concentrations of the neuroleptic drug trifluoperazine is described. 2 The antiserum developed for trifluoperazine cross-reacted with N desmethyltrifluoperazine and 7-hydroxytrifluoperazine to the extent of 26 and 24% respectively but its cross-reactivity with commonly co-administered tricyclic antidepressants and antianxiety agents tested was negligible. 3 The assay, based on the above antiserum, enabled the quantitation of 50 pg of the drug in 200 microliters of plasma with a coefficient of variation of about 2% and therefore should be applicable for singly dose pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies. It should be applicable to therapeutic monitoring of the drug in patients. PMID- 7306432 TI - The effect of level of depression on the use of visual analogue scales by normal volunteers. AB - 1 In two separate studies, 102 normal male volunteers were screened for level of depression using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung, 1965). Eight high scorers and eight low scorers were selected for inclusion in each study. 2 There were marked differences in scores on the visual analogue mood scales of Bond & Lader (1974) between the high depressed (HD) and low depressed (LD) groups. 3 In the first study, subjects were given single doses of imipramine 50 mg and 100 mg, diazepam 10 mg, and placebo in a double-blind randomized crossover design with 1 week between treatments. Drug effects as assessed on visual analogue scales were significantly more marked in the LD than in the HD group, to the extent that the sedative effects of imipramine 50 mg and diazepam 10 mg were minimal or absent in the HD groups whereas these effects were clear and highly significant in the LD group. 4 In a second study, LD and HD volunteers were given more objective items to rate using visual analogue scales. Ratings of the size of each of a series of ten circles, and of the weight of a 'black box', were consistently and significantly lower in the LD than in the HD group. Significant differences between LD and HD groups were also found on a series of visual analogue scales expressing attitudes not directly related to mood. 5 It is concluded that normal volunteers with varying levels of depression cannot be considered as homogeneous in their mode of expression on visual analogue scales, and that this should be taken into account in the design and interpretation of studies involving the use of such scales. PMID- 7306434 TI - Cardiac, pulmonary and neuromuscular effects of clenbuterol and terbutaline compared with placebo. AB - 1 Cardiac, neuromuscular (tremor) and pulmonary effects of multiple single oral doses of clenbuterol (40, 60 and 80 micrograms) and terbutaline (2.5 and 5 mg) were compared with placebo in thirteen patients with reversible obstructive airways disease. 2 The percent change in the bronchodilator and neuromuscular effects of clenbuterol and terbutaline were greater than that of the cardiac activity. 3 Both drugs decreased T wave amplitude and occasionally caused J point ST segment depression. These changes were considered typical of this class of drugs and clinically insignificant. 4 While these drugs had comparable cardiac, pulmonary and neuromuscular effects, clenbuterol, at larger doses, had a higher incidence of transient headaches and nervousness. PMID- 7306435 TI - Withdrawal of long-term therapy with atenolol in hypertensive patients. AB - 1 The offset of effects on blood pressure and heart rate after cessation of long term therapy (19 +/- 3.6 months) with atenolol (200 mg once/daily) was studied in six hypertensive patients. 2 Withdrawal of atenolol resulted in a gradual return of lying, standing and post-exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and heart rate towards the baseline value. The offset of effect greatly exceeded the time for elimination of atenolol. 3 No significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of atenolol were evident between the values obtained following chronic dosing and an acute single-dose study. 4 The lack of clinical evidence of increased cardiac adrenergic sensitivity or rebound hypertension following withdrawal of atenolol contrasts with reports of a withdrawal syndrome following cessation of therapy with propranolol. Nevertheless until the mechanism of the propranolol-withdrawal syndrome is better understood caution is required when stopped therapy with atenolol in patients with severe coronary artery disease. PMID- 7306436 TI - Metformin kinetics in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7306437 TI - Cimetidine and human sleep. PMID- 7306438 TI - The kinetics of oral cimetidine in children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7306440 TI - The cytoprotective effect of 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 on bile salt induced damage to the human stomach. PMID- 7306439 TI - Diuretic dose schedules: is twice daily more effective? PMID- 7306441 TI - Interaction of phenelzine and nitrazepam in a slow acetylator. PMID- 7306442 TI - Vitamin C-status and pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in man. PMID- 7306443 TI - Radioreceptor assay for labetalol. PMID- 7306444 TI - The assay of human placental aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity: a comparison of two methods. PMID- 7306446 TI - Pattern of care for mild head injuries in accident and emergency department. PMID- 7306445 TI - Update on antibacterial chemotherapy (part 2). PMID- 7306447 TI - Prevention of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism by small dose heparin prophylaxis in acute hip fracture surgery. PMID- 7306449 TI - Renal Amyloidosis secondary to psoriatic arthropathy. PMID- 7306448 TI - A multicentre study of cardioselective metoprolol (Lopresor) and non-selective propranolol in the management of mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 7306450 TI - Extra-pulmonary manifestations of chest diseases. PMID- 7306451 TI - Carbimazole hypersensitivity and liver damage. PMID- 7306452 TI - Bronchial neoplasm with eosinophilia. PMID- 7306453 TI - Yersinai arthritis: review and report of a case. PMID- 7306454 TI - Perforated Meckel's diverticulum in an octogenarian. PMID- 7306455 TI - Follow-up results of the reconstruction after total gastrectomy with figure-6 loop small intestine. PMID- 7306456 TI - The acceptability of day stay for termination of pregnancy. PMID- 7306457 TI - A comparison of obstetric performance between an Asian and Caucasian Population in East London. PMID- 7306458 TI - Study of the gastric mucosa in rheumatic patients before and after the administration of flurbiprofen. PMID- 7306459 TI - Chemical and operative lumbar sympathectomy. PMID- 7306460 TI - Acute pancreatitis and acute tubular necrosis following transurethral resection of the prostate. PMID- 7306461 TI - Acute torsion of the gall bladder. PMID- 7306462 TI - Neurilemoma of femoral nerve-a possible pitfall. PMID- 7306464 TI - Pregnancy in thoracic scoliosis. AB - We present information about 118 pregnancies in 64 patients with thoracic scoliosis, two-thirds of whom had curves in excess of 60 degrees. Although increased breathlessness was experienced in 17% of pregnancies, no serious cardiorespiratory problems were encountered. Increased black pain occurred in 21% of pregnancies. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was achieved in 65% of pregnancies and caesarean section was performed in 17%. Operative delivery was almost invariably for purely obstetric indications. We conclude that even in severe thoracic scoliosis, pregnancy and labour are not associated with serious cardiorespiratory complications. PMID- 7306463 TI - Recent trends in empyema thoracis. AB - One hundred and twenty-three patients with empyema thoracis presenting between 1968 and 1978 were studied. The predominant cause was pneumonia, with thoracic and gastrooesophageal surgery as the other important predisposing factors. 99 patients had received antibiotics before hospital admission and organisms were isolated from the empyema of 62 of these (63%). Of the 62 patients with organisms 39 (63%) had previously received an antibiotic appropriate to the sensitivity of the pathogen. Staph. aureus, Str. pneumoniae and anaerobes were the organisms most frequently found in empyemata following pneumonia, whilst Gram-negative enteric bacilli, the most frequently isolated organisms, were the predominant pathogens in postoperative cases. Following treatment with antibiotics alone or with closed chest drainage 29% of empyemata resolved but another 64% required subsequent surgery. The former group had a mean duration of symptoms of 2.8 (SE +/- 0.8) weeks before hospital treatment whereas the surgically treated group had symptoms for a mean period of 8.3 (SE +/- 1.5) weeks. 83% of patients who required thoracotomy had a history of more than four weeks at the time of admission. Thirty-six deaths were recorded, 11 of which were attributable to the empyema, giving an empyema mortality-rate of 9%. We conclude that with widespread use of antibiotics the nature of empyemata has changed and that those now seen are more often refractory to closed chest drainage, particularly if the history prior to hospital admission is longer than four weeks. PMID- 7306465 TI - Does the Lung Work? 2, How big are the lungs? PMID- 7306466 TI - Crackles in asbestos workers: auscultation and lung sound analysis. AB - We surveyed 270 asbestos factory workers and 222 control subjects matched for age to assess the usefulness of listening for fine discontinuous adventitious lung sound (fine crackles) in detection of the early stages of interstitial fibrosis of asbestosis. Fine crackles at both bases were heard more frequently in asbestos workers (32.2%) than in controls (4.5%) (P less than 0.01). The presence of bilateral basal crackles was related to the duration of asbestos exposure and occurred before abnormalities could be detected by chest radiography. Two observers examined 74 workers randomly chosen from among 270 asbestos workers and found inter-observer agreement to be high (91.9%). There was close agreement between findings on chest auscultation and sound recordings. PMID- 7306468 TI - Pleural mesothelioma presenting as apparent recurrent pulmonary embolism. AB - Three patients with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura presented with unilateral pleural effusion and recurrent horizontal linear opacities on the chest radiograph. Although an initial diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made in all three patients and two received anticoagulants, it is more likely that the opacities represented plate atelectases due to restriction of basal lung expansion by severe chest pain. It is suggested that the early manifestations of malignant mesothelioma of pleura may be confused with recurrent pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7306467 TI - Diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma in Glasgow. AB - Thirty-two patients seen in one area between 1974 and 1980 with a diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma are reviewed retrospectively. Asbestos contact, often in the shipyards, was found in 80%. The average age at diagnosis was 64 years and chest pain or breathlessness were the most common initial symptoms. Radiology usually confirmed a pleural effusion, but rarely also showed pleural plaques or asbestosis. The most useful diagnostic investigation was pleural biopsy, with a 59% success rate. Post mortem examinations showed widespread infiltration of adjacent tissues in many, with haematogenous metastases in 52%. Prognosis was poor, with an average survival of 40 weeks from presentation. No treatment improved life expectancy. Thoracotomy was followed by painful chest wall masses. The incidence of mesothelioma in our area is six times higher than in the rest of Scotland. As the disease has a long latent period between asbestos exposure and appearance, it will be many years before this rate is significantly reduced. PMID- 7306469 TI - A modification of the Abrams's pleural biopsy punch. PMID- 7306470 TI - Present status of bronchoscopy in Japan. PMID- 7306471 TI - Penicillamine in eosinophilic granuloma. PMID- 7306472 TI - Atropine responsiveness in asthma in relation to steroid aerosol therapy. PMID- 7306473 TI - Ovarian cancer: the ten year experience of a district general hospital. AB - Ninety-seven cases of ovarian cancer were diagnosed and treated at Northwick Park Hospital between 1970 and 1980. In this retrospective study data are presented about symptomatology and certain aetiological factors. The survival with different treatment regimens is compared, with particular reference to the improved figures resulting from a policy of aggressive surgery followed by multiple chemotherapy. PMID- 7306475 TI - The relation between the release of prostaglandins at amniotomy and the subsequent onset of labour. AB - Maternal peripheral plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) were measured in 16 women following amniotomy performed for the induction of labour at term. After 5 1/2 hours, seven patients were in established labour (Group I) but the remaining nine patients required an intravenous infusion of oxytocin (Group II). An initial rapid rise in PGFM concentrations within five minutes of amniotomy occurred in all women and, therefore, the onset of labour does not appear to be a direct consequence of this initial increase. In Group I there was a significant increase in PGFM concentrations between five and 30 minutes after amniotomy and from 30 minutes to the time at which the last sample was collected; these later rises were associated with the onset and progress of labour in these women. These increases in PGFM concentrations did not occur in patients in Group II. The reason for this difference in response to amniotomy is as yet unclear. PMID- 7306474 TI - The weekend--a dangerous time to be born? AB - Analysis of all births occurring in Tayside during the years 1974-1978 inclusive showed that there was a significantly small number of births on Sundays than any other day of the week. The babies born on Sundays were more at risk of dying during or after birth. The reasons for this are multiple and difficult to ascertain. PMID- 7306476 TI - A rigorous comparison of real time and B scan cephalometry. AB - Real time cephalometry has been compared with B scan cephalometry by a rigorous method with complete partition of variables. Analysis was by standard analysis of variance techniques. Systematic and random errors between and within observers, machines and days have been evaluated. The largest systematic error has been shown to be between machines. This is due to failure to align the beam precisely at right angles to the mid-line of the fetal head using B scanners. Real time scanners with bar calipers are, therefore, superior to B scanners for cephalometry. There is a lesser difference between observers. An additional element of variability arises when measurements are made on different days but this is smaller than other sources of variation and smaller than the random variation. Random errors are described by a standard deviation of 1 mm and systematic errors are all numerically smaller than this. PMID- 7306477 TI - The intraventricular conduction time of fetal heart in pregnancies complicated by rhesus haemolytic disease. AB - The duration and shape of the fetal QRS complex were studied in 88 pregnancies complicated by rhesus isoimmunization. A clear correlation between ventricular depolarization time and haemoglobin levels at birth was observed. A single QRS value greater than 4 SD above the normal mean value, or a tendency to rapid increase was very suggestive of a bad prognosis, while a QRS duration below +4 SD or declining in sequential determinations reflects a temporary compensation of fetal conditions. From the QRS complex analysis a clear indication appeared of the constant and early involvement of the heart in terms of myocardial hypertrophy and/or cardiac enlargement. The sensitivity of QRS to anaemia and the feasibility of continuous non-invasive monitoring might allow, with the determination of bilirubin concentration in amniotic fluid, improvement in the management of rhesus haemolytic disease. PMID- 7306478 TI - M-mode ultrasonic assessment of fetal cardiovascular dynamics. AB - A combined two-dimensional real-time and M-mode technique for measuring fetal right and left ventricular cardiac geometry and function is presented. From 64 normal women studied between 27 and 41 weeks gestation, 53 technically acceptable recordings showed a significant increase in left and right ventricular size. Both ventricles are geometrically and functionally uniform. Mean velocity of blood flow in the fetal descending aorta as measured by pulsed Doppler ultrasound showed no relation to mean velocity of fractional shortening of both cardiac ventricles. PMID- 7306479 TI - M-mode and pulsed Doppler ultrasound assessment of severe fetal bradycardia. A case report. PMID- 7306480 TI - Oesophageal stricture due to reflux oesophagitis in pregnancy. Case report. AB - A patient with persistent vomiting in pregnancy due to oesophageal stricture secondary to reflux oesophagitis is reported. Reflux oesophagitis is common during pregnancy but usually responds to small frequent meals, the avoidance of certain positions and simple antacid therapy. Where symptoms are persistent and become worse in late pregnancy we suggest that more energetic therapy in the form of cimetidine or alginate antacid mixture (Gaviscon) should be considered to prevent oesophageal stricture formation. PMID- 7306481 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the cervix. Case report. PMID- 7306482 TI - Isolation and sequence analysis of the intramembranous hydrophobic segment of the H-2Kb murine histocompatibility antigen. AB - The primary structure of the intramembranous segment (TC-1) of the mouse transplantation antigen, H-2Kb, has been determined. The segment contains a stretch of 31 uncharged amino acid residues and is localized between the NH2 terminal and the COOH-terminal hydrophilic regions of the molecule. The amino acid sequence of TC-1 is Trp-Asp-Glu-Pro-Pro-Ser-Thr-Val-Ser-Asn-Met-Ala-Thr-Val Ala-Val-Leu-Val-Val-Leu -Gly-Ala-Ala-Ile-Val-Thr-Gly-Ala-Val-Val-Ala-Phe-Val-Met Lys-Met-Arg-(Arg)-(Arg ). PMID- 7306484 TI - Characterization of short-chain alkyl ether lecithin analogues: 13C NMR and phospholipase studies. PMID- 7306483 TI - Amino acid sequence of the carboxyl-terminal hydrophilic region of the H-2Kb MHC alloantigen. Completion of the entire primary structure of the H-2Kb molecule. AB - The amino acid sequence of the COOH-terminal hydrophilic region of the H-2Kb histocompatibility antigen was determined. The sequence was completed by analyses of four CNBr fragments obtained from the intact molecule as well as tryptic peptides. This region was composed of 39 amino acid residues with a cluster of basic residues at the NH2 terminus and localized positions 308-346 of the H-2Kb molecule. These sequence data, together with those reported for the NH2-terminal 284 residues [Martinko, J. M., Uehara, H., Ewenstein, B. M., Kindt, T. J., Coligan, J. E., & Nathenson, S. G. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 6188-6193] and for the intramembranous segment [Uehara, H., Coligan, J. E., & Nathenson, S. G. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], provided the complete primary structure of the H-2Kb molecule. This is the first histocompatibility antigen for which the entire primary structure is determined. PMID- 7306485 TI - On the ratio of the proton and photochemical cycles in bacteriorhodopsin. AB - The ratio of protons released per M-412 intermediate formed in illuminated purple membrane sheets of Halobacterium halobium varies from 0.3 to 3.0 as a function of the ionic strength and light intensity. The ratio increases with decreasing light intensity. At high ionic strength the illumination time affects the monophasic rate of proton uptake and biphasic rates of the M-412 decay. The influence of the ionic strength on the ratio is discussed on the basis of Gouy-Chapman theory as a consequence of pKa shifts of light-activated proton binding groups. PMID- 7306486 TI - X-ray diffraction and calorimetric study of anhydrous and hydrated N palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine (cerebroside). AB - Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction of anhydrous and hydrated N-palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine (NPGS) show evidence of complex polymorphic behavior and interconversions between stable and metastable structural forms. Anhydrous NPGS exhibits three lamellar crystal forms (A, B, and B') at temperatures below 143 degrees C and a liquid-crystal form between 143 and 180 degrees C before melting to an isotropic liquid at 180 degrees C. The crystal B leads to liquid-crystal transition is accompanied by an enthalpy change, delta H, of 11.2 kcal/mol of NPGS, while a relatively small enthalpy change (delta H = 0.8 kcal/mol) marks the liquid-crystal leads to liquid transition. The A and B' crystal forms do not hydrate readily at room temperature. When heated, crystal form A in the presence of water undergoes an exothermic transition at 52 degrees C to produce a thermodynamically stable hydrated crystal E form. X-ray diffraction shows that this stable bilayer crystal form has a highly ordered hydrocarbon chain packing arrangement; melting to the bilayer liquid-crystal form occurs at 82 degrees C with a large enthalpy change, delta H = 17.5 kcal/mol of NPGS. A complex liquid-crystal leads to crystal transition is observed on cooling; the cooling rate independent exotherm involves the transition of the hydrated liquid crystal to an intermediate metastable crystal form identical with anhydrous crystal form A. The subsequent cooling rate dependent step involves the conversion of the metastable crystal form A to the stable crystal form E. We suggest that hydrated crystal form E is stabilized by both a highly ordered chain packing mode and a lateral intermolecular hydrogen bonding network involving the sphingosine backbone, the galactosyl group, and interbilayer water molecules. Although disruption of both the specific hydrogen chain packing and H-bonding networks occurs at the high enthalpy transition to the bilayer liquid-crystal L alpha form, these two types of interactions are not reestablished simultaneously on cooling. First, recrystallization of the hydrocarbon chain accompanies removal of water from the lipid interface, leading to "dehydrated" metastable crystal form A. This is followed by a time-dependent, temperature-dependent hydration process which allows a rearrangement of the hydrogen-bonding matrix. Alterations in the NPGS-NPGS and NPGS-water interactions accompany further changes in the hydrocarbon chain packing and lead to the formation of the stable E form. PMID- 7306487 TI - Antibacterial peptide from normal rabbit serum. 2. Compositional microanalysis. AB - The composition and homogeneity of the primary bactericide (PC-III) isolated from normal rabbit serum were examined by microanalytical techniques. Dansylated acid hydrolysates of PC-III were analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on polyamide layers. Quantitation of the separated dansyl amino acids was achieved by elution into methanol, followed by determination of fluorescence in a filter fluorometer. The method proved inexpensive and reliable, allowing accurate analysis of peptide samples containing greater than 20 pmol of each amino acid. By use of this technique, an amino acid composition for PC-III is presented which suggests that the rabbit serum bactericide contains a single, 2000-dalton peptide composed of 17 amino acid residues, 24% basic and 35% nonpolar. One of the basic residues appears to be a modified amino acid, tentatively identified as N epsilon methyllysine. Although small amounts of carbohydrate and lipid were also detected in PC-III by fluorescent and isotopic techniques, gel filtration or extraction with organic solvents removed much of this material without significantly affecting biological activity. PMID- 7306488 TI - Intracellular viscosity changes during activation of blood platelets: studies by fluorescence polarization. AB - The intracellular viscosity changes that occur in washed human platelets as a result of activation by thrombin or ADP were studied by the use of a fluorescent probe. Results obtained showed a sharp and quick decrease of the intracellular viscosity when platelets were activated by thrombin. This decreased preceded both the release and the aggregation. When platelets were activated by ADP, the decrease in the polarization of fluorescence (and the viscosity) was more moderate. The fluorescent probe is bound to small proteins and peptides in the cytoplasm and not in the granules. Therefore, these changes in the fluorescence polarization reflect changes in the cytoplasmic viscosity which might be due to reorganization of the contractile proteins' system. PMID- 7306490 TI - Distribution of cytokinin-active nucleosides in isoaccepting transfer ribonucleic acids from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - The cytokinin-active isoprenoid nucleosides of Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfer ribonucleic acid were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, permethylation, and mass spectroscopy. Besides the expected 6-[(3-methylbut-2 enyl)amino]-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (i6A) and its 2-methylthio derivative (ms2i6A), substantial amounts of cis- and trans-ribosylzeatin (io6A) and cis-2 (methylthio)ribosylzeatin (c-ms2io6A) were present. These hydroxylated side chain derivatives are normally characteristic of plant tRNA. Fractionation of the total bacterial tRNA on BD-cellulose and RPC-5 allowed isolation of purified iso accepting species whose cytokinin nucleoside contents were then determined. Distribution of the isoprenoid nucleosides among the U-group tRNA species was not uniform. cis-Ribosylzeatin was found almost exclusively in one tRNASer while ms2io6A was found predominantly in tRNAPhe, tRNASer, and tRNATyr. Not all cytokinin-active species were found in every member of the U-group tRNAs. The only species present in tRNATrp was i6A; it contained no zeatin derivatives. The hydroxylation and methylthiolation processes appear to be highly specific and dependent upon tRNA structure or sequence. PMID- 7306489 TI - Changes in the circular dichroic spectrum of colchicine associated with its binding to tubulin. AB - Circular dichroism has been used to study the interaction of colchicine with the tubulin alpha beta dimer at 26 degrees C. Tubulin purified from bovine brain microtubule protein exhibits negligible circular dichroism at wavelengths above 310 nm. Free colchicine exhibits a negative circular dichroic band at 340 nm characterized by an extremum in molar ellipticity [theta] of -3.35 (+/- 0.27) x 10(4) deg.cm2/dmol. This negative band either vanished or was greatly reduced, i.e., [theta] = 0 (+/- 0.57) x 10(4) deg.cm2/dmol, when colchicine was bound to tubulin. This was demonstrated by circular dichroic studies on stable [3H]colchicine-tubulin complexes which were separated from all unbound colchicine by means of gel filtration. Also, tubulin was titrated with colchicine, and at low colchicine concentrations, the observed ellipticity at 340 nm could be extrapolated to zero at 0 M colchicine; saturation occurred at a molar ratio of colchicine to tubulin of about 1:1. The association constant characterizing the drug-protein interaction was estimated to be about 0.9 micro M-1. As controls, three other acidic proteins were studied at a molar ratio of colchicine to protein of 2:1, and their presence had no effect on the circular dichroic properties of colchicine. These results are consistent with the idea that a conformational change in colchicine accompanies its binding to tubulin. The spectrum of the complex between 250 and 300 nm was quite similar to that expected from simple additivity of the spectra of drug and protein except between 255 and 265 nm. The technique described herein should be applicable to other protein-drug systems. PMID- 7306491 TI - Chemical mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by dihydrofolate reductase from Streptococcus faecium: pH studies and chemical modification. AB - The variation with pH of the kinetic parameters associated with dihydrofolate reductase from Streptococcus faecium has been used to gain information about the chemical mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. The pH dependence of log V/K for dihydrofolate showed that a group with a pK value of 4.7 must be ionized and that a group with a pK value of 6.6 must be protonated for activity. Temperature and solvent perturbation studies indicate that these groups are probably the carboxyls of the glutamate moiety of dihydrofolate and of an aspartate residue on the enzyme, respectively. The similarity of the pH profile and the magnitude of the pK value for the linear competitive inhibitor 2,4 diaminopteridine suggest that the carboxyl group is concerned with the binding of dihydrofolate and its analogues to the enzyme. This conclusion is confirmed by the result that a group with a pK value of 6.7 must be protonated for the binding of methotrexate. It is proposed that the binding involves the formation with N-5 of dihydrofolate or N-1 of methotrexate of a hydrogen bond which has considerable ionic character and which lies within a hydrophobic environment. Further, it is suggested that the same hydrogen acts as an auxiliary catalyst which facilitates hydride transfer from NADPH to dihydrofolate for its conversion to tetrahydrofolate. Evidence to support this suggestion comes from the finding that the V profile is similar to the V/K profile except that the pK of the group which must be protonated for maximum enzyme activity is shifted upward by about 2 pH units. Such an increase in a pK value is consistent with the formation of a hydrogen ionic bond in the ternary enzyme-NADPH-dihydrofolate complex. The results of inactivation experiments with trinitrobenzenesulfonate appear to indicate that a lysine residue is necessary to maintain the enzyme in its active conformation. PMID- 7306492 TI - Purification and comparative study of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the muscles of young and old rats. AB - D-Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) was purified from the muscles of young and old rats. A marked difference was found between the (total) activities of these two enzyme preparations which originates in their different specific activities, while the concentrations of the enzyme in young and old tissues appear to be similar. Both "young" and "old" enzyme forms show four rapidly reacting sulfhydryl groups while six additional SH groups are revealed upon longer incubation with the sulfhydryl reagent. The UV absorption spectra and sedimentation coefficients of young and old GPDH molecules are also identical, and while the two enzyme forms partially dissociate into dimers in the presence of sodium chloride, the old enzyme appears to be more dissociable. The amino acid compositions of the GPDH molecules purified from young and old rats are remarkably alike and show a great similarity to the compositions of GPDH molecules from other mammals. Small differences in composition may, however, have escaped detection due to accuracy limitations of the determination and could be responsible for the differences in enzymatic activity. Alternatively, the activity differences may originate in postsynthetic conformational changes induced in the old enzyme during its longer "dwell time" in the tissue. PMID- 7306493 TI - Age-related effects in coenzyme binding patterns of rat muscle glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The binding of NAD+ and of its fluorescent analogue, nicotinamide 1,N6 ethenoadenine dinucleotide, to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase purified from the muscles of young and old rats was studied in detail. Binding of the natural coenzyme was followed both by spectrophotometric titration of the extrinsic absorption band of the enzyme-NAD+ complex and from the degree of quenching of fluorescence of the protein. Binding of the coenzyme analogue was monitored by using the large enhancement in its fluorescence upon forming the complex with the enzyme. Both dinucleotides showed strong negative cooperativity in binding to the enzyme, similar to that displayed in their association with the rabbit muscle enzyme. The enzyme purified from old rats displayed a markedly reduced affinity toward the two dinucleotides, compared with the enzyme isolated from young animals. The various dissociation constants of both dinucleotides from the enzyme from young rats were remarkably similar to the corresponding constants in the rabbit muscle enzyme. The degree of negative cooperativity (i.e., the ratio between the dissociation constants from high- and low-affinity binding sites) in the "young" and "old" enzyme forms was not very different. It was concluded from these results that while modifications in the subunits take place upon aging, the intersubunit interaction is not significantly affected. Increasing concentrations of ATP were found to cause a gradual decrease in the negative cooperativity of NAD+ binding, which completely disappeared in the presence of 5 mM ATP. The observation that all four binding sites of the old enzyme display the same affinity toward NAD+ when the negative cooperativity is removed excludes the possibility that this enzyme form is a mixture of native and inactive species. The different dissociation constants of NAD+ from young and old enzyme forms in the presence of 5 mM ATP also demonstrate the occurrence of age related modifications in the structure of the individual subunits. PMID- 7306494 TI - Use of phospholipase D to alter the surface charge of membranes and its effect on the enzymatic activity of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. AB - The effect of an electrostatic potential on the enzymatic activity of D-beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase was examined. Phospholipase D was used to increase the surface charge and concomitantly the electrostatic potential of submitochondrial membranes. The apparent Km for the negatively charged substrates of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase increased as the membranes were reacted with phospholipase D. There was a 10-fold increase in the apparent Km for NADH when the content of acidic phospholipids was increased by 24%. The addition of monovalent or divalent cations, which reduced the electrostatic potential, largely reversed the apparent Km changes. At the same ionic strength, divalent cations had a substantially larger effect than monovalent cations. Similar results were obtained when the purified apoenzyme was reconstituted in unilamellar vesicles containing different ratios of phosphatidylcholine and acidic phospholipids. When the apoenzyme was reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing increasing amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, the apparent Km also increased but to a smaller extent, and increasing the ionic strength did not reverse this effect. The results show that the apparent Km of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase can be significantly altered by an electrostatic potential as well as other properties of the phospholipid polar head group. PMID- 7306495 TI - Protein composition and extractability of lipid-modified membranes from Acholeplasma laidlawii. AB - Membranes from acholeplasma laidlawii have been extracted with neutral detergents, which solubilize the proteins and lipids selectively, or with sodium deoxycholate, which gives an almost total solubilization. The amounts of individual proteins present in the detergent extracts of membranes with induced variations in lipid compositions were determined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Extraction with the neutral detergent Tween 20 showed that ionic lipids and the glucolipid diglucosyl diglyceride were enriched in the Tween extracts whereas the glucolipid monoglucosyl diglyceride (which cannot easily by accommodated in micelles for geometrical reasons) was enriched in the membrane residue. The amount of monoglucosyl diglyceride in the Tween 20 extracts increased when the content of this lipid was increased in the membrane, and protein D12 was also more easily extracted from membranes rich in monoglucosyl diglyceride. This was not correlated with an increase in the total amounts of D12 in the membrane (as analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis after sodium deoxycholate solubilization), indicating that monoglucosyl diglyceride is involved in the anchoring of protein D12 in the membrane. The total amount of the flavoprotein T4a in the membrane was found to increase upon enhanced amounts of ionic membrane lipids. Furthermore, protein T4a was found to be increasingly extractable upon an increase in the amounts of unsaturated fatty acyl chains in the lipids. Several other proteins also displayed lipid-dependent extractabilities. These results support the hypothesis that for membrane proteins the extractability with neutral detergents and thus interactions with lipids are partly dependent upon the molecular shapes of the membrane lipid molecules. Thus, by use of these selective extraction procedures, information about protein-lipid interactions in the membrane was gained. PMID- 7306496 TI - Calorimetric investigations of saturated mixed-chain phosphatidylcholine bilayer dispersions. AB - A series of saturated mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines were prepared whose sn-2 acyl chains are two, four, six, and eight carbon atoms shorter than the sn-1 acyl chain. The calorimetric behavior of multilamellar bilayers of these phosphatidylcholines in excess water is investigated. The phosphatidylcholines display cooperative phase transitions which are dependent upon both the difference in chain length and the position of the acyl chains on the glycerol backbone of the phospholipid. A model is proposed which suggests that the thermotropic behavior of the mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines results from progressively greater interdigitation of the acyl chains of the phospholipid across the bilayer center, in the gel state, as the chain-length difference is increased beyond a minimum value. The disruptive effect of the terminal methyl groups of the fatty acyl chains upon the bilayer packing stability is also stressed. Dispersions of some of the mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines display transition endotherms which appear to be composites of two or more individual transition peaks. The dependence of this behavior on the thermal history of the dispersions is investigated. It is proposed that these peaks arise from the ability of the phosphatidylcholines' acyl chains to pack in more than one interdigitated conformation in the gel state. PMID- 7306497 TI - Agrobacterium tumefaciens RNA polymerase: a new purification procedure and a study of the stable binding sites on homologous deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been purified according to a fast and efficient procedure. The method involves only two chromatographic steps and yields a highly active enzyme. The RNA polymerase was studied with respect to the ability to bind its homologous genome. A. tumefaciens deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) binds the enzyme even when fragmented at undergenic size (300 base pairs). The general binding is unspecific and very labile at low concentrations of heparin (0.66 micrograms/mL). The number and distribution of the stable binding sites, class A sites [Hinkle, D., & Chamberlin, M. J. (1972) J. Mol. Biol. 70, 157-185], have been calculated from the heparin-induced dissociation kinetics of binary complexes formed between the enzyme and DNA fragments of various sizes. A total of 3.5 x 10(3) class A sites (forming binary complexes with a half-life of 16.6 min) are present on A. tumefaciens genome, a large number of which show a distribution of 800-1000 base pairs. The rest have a more widely spaced distribution. The interactions between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the A. tumefaciens template have also been examined, and it has been observed that E. coli holoenzyme forms stable complexes with a shorter half-life and recognizes a lower number of class A sites on A. tumefaciens genome. PMID- 7306498 TI - Proton Nuclear magnetic resonance study on uridine imido proton exchange. PMID- 7306499 TI - Kinetic evidence for active monomers during the reassembly of denatured creatine kinase. PMID- 7306500 TI - Albumin-lipid interactions: prostaglandin stability as a probe for characterizing binding sites on vertebrate albumins. AB - We determined the effect of vertebrate albumins on the stability of several physiologically relevant prostaglandins. All naturally occurring prostaglandins with beta-hydroxy ketone group decomposed by first-order kinetics, dependent on the albumin concentration in 0.1 M, pH 7.4, buffer at 37 degrees C. Even subphysiological levels of albumin (1-20 mg/mL) significantly reduced the stability of these compounds in vitro. The prostaglandins with a beta-hydroxy ketone responded to albumin in the order of their intrinsic stability; namely, less stable compounds were more susceptible. The destructive effect of albumin was nearly maximal at a 1:1 mole ratio of albumin (20 mg/mL):prostaglandin (100 micrograms/mL). Albumin had no destructive effect on prostaglandins without a beta-hydroxy ketone. Albumins from different vertebrates varied in destructive severity, but all were effective. Near neutrality, in the absence of albumin, decomposition of E-type prostaglandins was practically suspended at the dehydration stage. In the presence of albumin, dehydration was accompanied by rapid isomerization reactions (e.g., PGA1 leads to PGB1) that occur only at an elevated pH. The results suggest that albumin sequesters prostaglandins to one principal binding site and exposes them to its associated highly alkaline microenvironment. This results in a uniform and predictable influence on prostaglandin stability. Our proposed model system successfully reconciles apparently anomalous or contradictory reports regarding the effect of albumin on prostaglandin stability. PMID- 7306501 TI - Carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence of a human fibrinogen gamma-chain variant (gamma'). AB - A normal human fibrinogen gamma-chain variant, termed gamma', is larger than the gamma chain (51 500 vs. 49 500) due to an extended COOH-terminal sequence. The extended COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide (CNBr e') was isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography, and its amino acid sequence was determined. Comparison with the corresponding COOH-terminal gamma-chain peptide (CNBr e) showed that the last four amino acids of the gamma chain were replaced in gamma' chains by a 20-residue fragment rich in aspartic and glutamic acids, having the sequence Val-Tyr-Pro-Glu-His-Pro-Ala-Glx-Thr-Glx-Tyr-Asx-Ser-Leu-Arg-Pro-Glx-Asx Asx-Leu . Mutant gamma chains (gamma Paris I) from a congenitally dysfunctional fibrinogen molecule (fibrinogen Paris 1) express both gamma and gamma' features, suggesting that both gamma and gamma' chains are produced from a single gene. If this suggestion is correct, the observed differences in amino acid sequence could be explained by the existence of different mRNAs for gamma and gamma' chains, respectively, which are transcribed from one gene by differential RNA splicing. PMID- 7306502 TI - Effects of temperature and pH on prothrombin fragment 1 conformation as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The effects of temperature and pH on the solution conformation of native prothrombin fragment 1 were examined with 1H NMR spectroscopy. A calcium dependent quenching of the intrinsic protein fluorescence was used to monitor calcium binding to fragment 1 as an indicator of functional protein. The native fragment 1 NMR spectrum contained several features indicative of a folded protein: (a) nonequivalent histidyl C-2 resonances at 7.9 and 8.1 ppm, (b) two resonances of nearly equal intensity at 7.26 and 7.32 ppm, and (c) a resonance at -1.04 ppm. Temperature studies showed that thermal unfolding of fragment 1 (even at 80 degrees C) was reversible; however, there was an irreversible inactivation step which occurred subsequent to the unfolding. The basis for this inactivation appeared to include disulfide exchange reactions. On the basis of NMR spectra, fragment 1 retained its conformation from pH 7.0 to pH 11.5. From pH 7.0 to pH 5.0, the protein showed a reversible conformational change, and below pH 5, the protein self-associated. The pH dependence of the chemical shift of the tyrosyl resonances indicated a pKa of approximately 10 for the tyrosyl residues. These data suggest that the tyrosyl residues are accessible to solvent in the native protein. PMID- 7306503 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the role of histidine residues at the active site of rabbit muscle creatine kinase. PMID- 7306504 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system of Staphylococcus aureus: 1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies on phosphorylated and unphosphorylated factor IIIlac and its interaction with the phosphocarrier protein HPr. AB - The trimeric phosphocarrier protein factor III specific for galactosides was investigated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The protomer contains four histidyl residues with acidic pK values in the range 5.6-6.2. One of the histidyl residues, His-B, carries the phosphoryl group. The pK value of His-B increases from 6.0 to 8.6 upon phosphorylation. To determine the position of the phosphoryl group with respect to the nitrogens required the isolation of a peptide T-2 containing the phosphorylated active-center histidine and one of the other histidines. The pK value and the chemical shift of the phosphopeptide clearly indicated the phosphorus to be bound to the N-3 atom of the imidazole ring. The temperature dependence of the factor III spectrum demonstrates multiple conformations which exchange rapidly on the NMR time scale. Titration of factor III with HPr protein showed an upfield shift of the active-center histidine, indicating complex formation between both proteins. Phosphorylation of both proteins abolished the interaction, which is plausible from mechanistic considerations. PMID- 7306505 TI - Erythrocruorin from the crustacean Caenestheria inopinata. Quaternary structure and arrangement of subunits. AB - The subunit structure of erythrocruorin from the crustacean Caenestheria inopinata was studied. The native protein was found to have a sedimentation coefficient of 12.0 S and a molecular weight, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, of 302,000. Iron and heme determinations gave 0.346 and 3.98% corresponding to minimal molecular weights of 16,100 and 15,500, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave one band with mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of 30,000. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain was determined to be 30,500 by sedimentation equilibrium in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol. Dissociation of the 12S molecule was observed at acidic and alkaline pH. A dissociation species of 2.7 S was isolated and its molecular weight determined to be 28,000 by sedimentation equilibrium. On a molecular weight basis, the native molecule is composed of ten 2.7S subunits, each of which consists of a single polypeptide chain carrying two hemes. We propose a model for the molecule composed of ten spheres, each representing a 2.7S subunit, arranged in two layers stacked in an eclipsed orientation, in five spheres of each layer occupying the vertices of a regular pentagon. Support for this arrangement is provided by a comparison of projections of the model with molecular profiles seen in the electron microscope. PMID- 7306508 TI - Proteolytic processing in the biogenesis of the neurosecretory egg-laying hormone in Aplysia. 2. Analysis of tryptic fragments. AB - Pulse-chase studies indicate that the peptide egg-laying hormone, ELH, of the neurosecretory bag cells of the mollusk Aplysia is generated by a complex multistep proteolytic processing sequence. Such data indicate that ELH and another secretory peptide, AP (acidic peptide), are generated from a 29,000 dalton precursor via a common intermediate and that this precursor also gives rise to an additional 13,000-14,500-dalton product. In the present study, we have adapted the procedure of Elder et al. [Elder, J. H., Pickett, R. A., Hampton, J., & Lerner, R. A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6510-6515] to obtain tryptic fragments of biosynthetically labeled bag cell proteins. Analyses of these fragments by isoelectric focusing and thin-layer chromatography/electrophoresis are consistent with the processing sequence inferred from pulse-chase data. Furthermore, the peptide maps have revealed the presence of an additional copy of the AP peptide within the 13,000-14,500-dalton product. PMID- 7306506 TI - Complete amino acid sequences of bovine thymopoietins I, II, and III: closely homologous polypeptides. AB - Complete amino acid sequences were determined for thymopoietins I and II (revision), isolated from bovine thymus, and for thymopoietin III, a newly identified polypeptide isolated from bovine spleen. Thymopoietin III (TP-III) is a 49 amino acid monomeric peptide that shows minor microheterogeneity at residue 34. The three thymopoietins have largely identical sequences yet some distinct differences, suggesting very recent evolution from a common gene. The complete amino acid sequences are (Formula: see text). PMID- 7306507 TI - Proteolytic processing in the biogenesis of the neurosecretory egg-laying hormone in Aplysia. 1. Precursors, intermediates, and products. AB - The neurosecretory bag cells of the mollusk, Aplysia, produce a peptide egg laying hormone, ELH, via a multistep proteolytic processing sequence analogous to those which have been demonstrated for secretory peptides in other systems. The goals of the present study were to identify the major members of this processing sequence by sequential sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of bag cell proteins synthesized in the presence of labeled precursors and to elucidate the precursor-product relationships between these proteins in pulse-chase experiments. Eight major members of the processing sequence were identified. The ultimate precursor in a 29,000-dalton, pI = 7.7, protein which gives rise to a pI-7.2 protein with an apparent Mr of 6000 as well as heterogeneous species of Mr 16,000-20,000. The latter protein or proteins is/are processed to apparent end products of 13,000-14,500 daltons, while the pI = 7.2 species yields precursors to the final secretory products. These include a pI = 7.5 peptide which is cleaved to ELH (Mr 4385, pI greater than 9) and a Mr 4500, pI = 4.1 species which yields the other secretory product, AP (Mr 4500, pI = 4.9). Therefore, it appears that a single precursor is processed to yield three products, two of which are known to be secreted, and that each product is generated via at least one intermediate form. PMID- 7306510 TI - Effects of pH on horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase: alterations in metal ion activation, number of functioning active sites, and hydrolysis of the acyl intermediate. AB - The reactivity of the mitochondrial (pI = 5) isoenzyme of horse liver aldehyde dehydrogenase was determined by studying the effects of pH on steady-state velocity, burst magnitude, and molecular weight of the enzyme in the absence and presence of Mg2+ ions. The Mg2+ ion activation of the steady-state velocity at pH 7.5 has been explained through a mechanism involving alteration of the tetrameric enzyme, functioning with half-of-the-sites reactivity, to a dimeric enzyme, functioning with all-of-the-sites reactivity [Takahashi, K., & Weiner, H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8206-8209]. With increasing pH, the tetrameric enzyme dissociated even in the absence of Mg2+ ions to the more active dimeric state. The pH-dependent dissociation was governed by proton release from a group with pK = 9.5. After correcting for the increased number of functioning active sites, determined from the pre-steady-state burst, we calculated that elevated pH also caused an increase in the velocity of the rate-limiting step, hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme intermediate. This event was governed by the ionization of two groups, with pK = 7.2 and 9.5, respectively. If these groups are directly involved in the catalytic step, a mechanism involving histidine acting as a general base can be proposed for the former group. The latter group may be involved in a charge relay activation process which only occurs at elevated, nonphysiological pH. The importance of the latter is questionable, as there is only a 3-fold increase in Vmax when this group is involved in catalysis. PMID- 7306511 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation in nucleic acid fragments: models for internal motion. AB - A variety of models incorporating internal motion, which can be used to extract information from nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies of deoxyribonucleic acid fragments, are formulated. Illustrative analyses of some recent multinuclear relaxation data are presented. Special emphasis is placed on determining whether the information extracted is unique. It is shown that the data are consistent with several physical pictures of the internal motion. However, all the models we have considered imply the existence of large-amplitude internal motions on the nanosecond time scale. PMID- 7306509 TI - Steroid-protein interactions. Human corticosteroid binding globulin: some physicochemical properties and binding specificity. AB - Reducing agents (dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol) significantly decrease the affinity constants of the human corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) cortisol complex in proportion to their concentration; the resulting Ka values are more consistent than those obtained in the absence of the reductants. The effect is reversible. The equilibrium association constants of the CBG complexes with cortisol and progesterone show a relatively broad pH maximum between pH 8 and 11. In this pH range, cortisol was found to be bound more strongly than progesterone; this relationship is reversed around pH 6. The van't Hoff plot of the temperature effect on Ka of the CBG-cortisol complex (4-41 degrees C) exhibits a nonlinear, possibly biphasic temperature dependency. The shape of the van't Hoff plot was similar in the presence of mercaptoethanol. The association of cortisol and progesterone to human CBG at 4 and 37 degrees C is enthalpy driven, compensating for the unfavorable change in entropy. Studies with 47 steroids served to elucidate the influence on binding affinity of polar and nonpolar groups and other structural alterations. The contribution of specific structural changes in the steroid molecule to the free energy of binding can be calculated from the results. Important structures for optimal binding are the 20 oxo group, a 10 beta-methyl group, and a double bond at the 4 position. A complementary image of the binding site with respect to the nature of binding at various locations is proposed. PMID- 7306512 TI - Mechanism of binding of multivalent immune complexes to Fc receptors. 1. Equilibrium binding. PMID- 7306513 TI - Mechanism of binding of multivalent immune complexes to Fc receptors. 2. Kinetics of binding. AB - The kinetics of association and dissociation of affinity cross-linked IgG oligomers with Fc receptors on P388D1 cells have been studied at 0 degrees C. For dimers prepared with two different affinity cross-linking reagents (DIBADL and BDPE) and also trimers and a heavy oligomer fraction prepared with BDPE, monomeric IgG accelerates the rate of dissociation of bound oligomer from the cells. This observation is consistent with a binding mechanism in which monovalently, and multivalently bound species are in rapid equilibrium with one another on the cell surface and in which the rate of formation of the divalently bound species is faster than the dissociation of the monovalent species from the cells. As predicted, the rates of dissociation of BDPE cross-linked oligomers decrease with size, and dimers (cross-linked with DIBADL) which can self aggregate on the cell surface dissociate more slowly than nonaggregating (BDPE) dimers. The association and dissociation of oligomers with P388D1 cells proceed by parallel fast and slow processes, even with cells that bind dimers with a single affinity. The origin of this heterogeneity is not known but could arise from a fraction of receptors in environments with limited accessibility to bulk solution. The fast component of the association reaction is second order, and the rate-limiting step of this process is the formation of the monovalently bound intermediate from solution-phase oligomer. PMID- 7306514 TI - Energetics and kinetics of interconversion of two myosin subfragment-1.adenosine 5'-diphosphate complexes as viewed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The 31P NMR spectrum of MgADP bound to myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) at 0 degrees C contains two resolved beta-phosphate resonances corresponding to two interconvertible conformations of the S-1 . ADP complex [Shriver, J. W., & Sykes, B. D. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2004]. The two conformations, MT*ADP and MR*ADP, are in slow exchange on the NMR time scale, and the rates of interconversion are less than 20 s-1. This is consistent with transient kinetic experiments reported in the literature and allows a determination of the rate constants of interconversion: k+ approximately equal to k- approximately equal to 7 s-1 at 0 degrees C. The relative population of the two conformations is highly temperature dependent, and only one form is significantly populated at 25 degrees C. Simulations of the 31P NMR spectra are used to evaluate an equilibrium constant at various temperatures from 0 to 25 degrees C. The standard enthalpy and entropy differences for the R leads to T transition are determined from the variation of the relative free energies of the two states as a function of temperature: delta H degree = 15 (+/- 2) kcal/mol and delta S degree = 55 (+/- 5) cal/(deg mol) (K = 1 at 271 K). This suggests that a significant conformational change occurs in the R leads to T transition with MgADP bound in the active site. However, the entropy and enthalpy differences are nearly compensatory at physiological temperatures. At 25 degrees C the endothermic R leads to T transition is entropy driven, and delta G degree = 1.4 kcal/mol. PMID- 7306515 TI - Different polymeric forms of actin detected by the fluorescent probe terbium ion. AB - The interaction of actin with Tb3+ was studied by following the fluorescence emitted at 545 nm when the protein was excited at 285 nm in the presence of Tb3+. It was shown that, at low ionic strength, each actin monomer binds, at saturation, six Tb3+ with an association constant of 0.8 microM-1. In the presence of 0.1 M KCl the association constant decreases to 0.15 and 0.24 microM 1 at subcritical and overcritical actin concentrations, respectively; the number of the binding sites remains six. When polymeric actin is formed by the addition of 2 mM MgCl2, the association constant drops to 0.008 micro M-1 and the number of the binding sites to four. The lower number of the Tb3+ binding sites (four) in the actin polymerized by MgCl2 as compared to the number of binding sites (six) of the actin polymerized by KCl is taken as evidence of a looser structure of this latter polymer. We have also shown that Tb3+ does not replace 45Ca2+ at the single, "high-affinity" site of G-actin. Removal of this Ca2+, in the presence of Tb3+, destroys the typical G- and F-actin structures. PMID- 7306516 TI - Asymmetry of lipid dynamics in human erythrocyte membranes studied with impermeant fluorophores. AB - The synthesis, purification, and application of five membrane-impermeant derivatives of pyrene are described. Each probe consists of a membrane-impermeant moiety, either an oligosaccharide or glutathione, linked to pyrene via a connecting arm. Intact human erythrocytes and leaky ghost membranes prepared from them were treated with the probes to label, respectively, the outer membrane leaflet and both leaflets. Motional freedom of the pyrene fluorophores in the membrane was assessed by estimation of the steady-state polarization of fluorescence, the excited-state lifetime, and the excimer/monomer fluorescence intensity ratio. The fluorescence anisotropy of each impermeant derivative was lower in the outer as compared to the inner hemileaflet, whereas the corresponding excited-state lifetimes were similar. Excimer formation was consistently greater in the outer leaflet. The results demonstrate that the impermeant fluorophores experience greater motional freedom ("fluidity") in lipid domains of the outer as compared to the inner leaflet of the human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7306517 TI - Interaction of rhodopsin with two unsaturated phosphatidylcholines: a deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance study. PMID- 7306518 TI - Structure of ferric pseudobactin, a siderophore from a plant growth promoting Pseudomonas. AB - Both plant growth promoting Pseudomonas B10 and its yellow-green, fluorescent iron transfer agent (siderophore) pseudobactin enhance the growth of the potato and control certain phytopathogenic microorganisms. The structure of the little compound has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods using counter data. The structure consisted of a linear hexapeptide, L-Lys-D-threo-beta OH-Asp-L-Ala-D-allo-Thr-L-Ala-D-N delta-OH-Orn, in which the N delta-OH nitrogen of the ornithine was cyclized with the C-terminal carboxyl group, and the N epsilon-amino group of the lysine was linked via an amide bond to a fluorescent quinoline derivative. The iron-chelating groups consisted of a hydroxamate group derived from N delta-hydroxyornithine, an alpha-hydroxy acid derived from beta hydroxyaspartic acid, and an o-dihydroxy aromatic group derived from the quinoline moiety. The combination of metal-chelating ligands and the alternating L- and D-amino acids was unusual. The little compound crystallized as a single coordination isomer with the lambda absolute configuration. The present study is the first structural determination of a fluorescent siderophore. In the crystal structure, ferric pseudobactin formed a dimer, which constituted the asymmetric unit. The asymmetric unit also contained 26 water molecules. The molecules in the dimer were related by a pseudo-2-fold symmetry axis. Red-brown crystals of ferric pseudobactin (C42H57N12O16Fe . 13H2O), obtained from pyridine-acetic acid buffer solution equilibrated with water, conformed to space group I2 with a = 29.006 (23) A, b = 14.511 (13) A, c = 28.791 (21) A, and beta = 96.06 (5) degrees at 135 (2) degrees C. For eight molecules per unit cell, the calculated density was 1.38 g/cm3; the observed density was 1.40 g/cm3. The structure was refined by least-squares methods with anisotropic thermal parameters for all nonhydrogen atoms to a final R factor of 0.08 (8989 observed reflections). PMID- 7306519 TI - Structure of pseudobactin A, a second siderophore from plant growth promoting Pseudomonas B10. AB - The structure of nonfluorescent pseudobactin A, one of two extracellular siderophores (microbial iron transport agents) produced by the plant growth promoting bacterium Pseudomonas B10, was determined by comparison of its 1H and 13C NMR spectra with those of yellow-green, fluorescent pseudobactin, the other siderophore. The molecular and crystal structure of ferric pseudobactin is reported in the preceding paper in this issue [Teintze, M., Hossain, M. B., Barnes, C. L., Leong J., & van der Helm, D. (1981) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. The only structural difference between pseudobactin and pseudobactin A was that the latter was saturated at carbons 3 and 4 of the quinoline derivative, whereas pseudobactin is unsaturated at these positions. A mechanism is proposed for the observed conversion of pseudobactin A into pseudobactin in aqueous solution. PMID- 7306520 TI - Neutral glycosphingolipids in hairy cell leukemia. AB - The neutral glycosphingolipids of hairy cells from a patient with hairy cell leukemia were chemically analyzed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and glycosidase treatment. These cells were found to have compounds containing one to four sugars with the following structures: Glc1 leads to 1Cer Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc1 leads to 1Cer Gal alpha 1 leads to 4 Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc1 leads to 1Cer GalNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal alpha 1 leads to 4Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc1 leads to 1Cer These compounds belong to the globo series of neutral glycosphingolipids and are similar to those found in human lymphocytes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. They differ from the neutral glycosphingolipids found in human neutrophils and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells which are of the lactoneo and gala type. Neutral glycosphingolipids may be useful in classifying leukemias of uncertain origin. PMID- 7306521 TI - Conformational differences between high clotting human alpha-thrombin and nonclotting gamma-thrombin. AB - The conformations of human alpha-thrombin and gamma-thrombin have been compared by circular dichroism, solvent perturbation different spectroscopy, and chemical modification. Circular dichroism studies indicate that proteolytic conversion of alpha-thrombin to gamma-thrombin is accompanied by considerable conformational changes which include a decrease in alpha-helical content from 5-7% to 0-1%. Solvent perturbation at pH 6.0 obtained with 20% ethylene glycol, 20% glycerol, and 20% dimethyl sulfoxide indicates an apparent exposure of 3.5 +2- 0.2 tryptophan and 7.8 +/- 0.1 tyrosine residues in alpha-thrombin and 4.6 +/- 0.2 tryptophan and 9.2 +/0 0.3 tyrosine residues in gamma-thrombin. This increased exposure is substantiated by the greater reactivity of tryptophan residues in gamma-thrombin toward dimethyl (2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl) sulfonium bromide. It suggests that gamma-thrombin is a less compact molecule than the parent alpha thrombin. Solvent perturbation studies of alpha-thrombin and gamma=thrombin inhibited by phenyl-methanesulfonyl fluoride showed that 0.3 +/- tryptophan and 0.9 +/- 0.3 tyrosine residues in alpha-thrombin and 0.6 +/- 0.3 tryptophan and 1.3 +/- 0.4 tyrosine residues in gamma-thrombin were blocked by the inhibitor. These subtle differences in the extent of blocking of tyrosine and tryptophan suggest a tighter conformation in the catalytic site of gamma-thrombin compared to that of alpha-thrombin. PMID- 7306522 TI - Study of conformational states and reversibility of histone complexes. AB - The core histone complex (H3:H4:H2A:H2B)2 and products of dissociation, the H2A:H2B: dimer and the H3:H4 tetramer, were isolated from chicken erythrocyte chromatin by several literature methods as well as gel filtration on Bio-Gel A15m at various salt concentrations. The conformational and oligomeric characteristic of these histone complexes were compared to analogous histone complexes prepared by renaturation of individually acid-extracted histones by circular dichroism (CD) and analytical gel filtration chromatography. The salt-extracted core histone complex (independent of method of preparation), the purified dissociation products, the H2A:H2B dimer, and the H3:H4 tetramer in 2 M NaCl, 10 mM sodium phosphate, 0.25 mM EDTA and 0.1 mM DTT, pH 7.0, have conformation which are identical, by the criteria of similar CD spectra, with complexes prepared from acid-extracted histones, Likewise, the salt-extracted complexes may be cycled through solvents of low ionic strength (10 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 or 50 mM NaOAc, pH 5.0) or 1 mM HCl and returned to 2.0 M NaCl, 10 mM sodium phosphate, 0.25 mM EDTA, and 0.1 mM DTT, pH 7.0, in a completely reversible manner. Thus it would appear that acid-denatured histones are capable of being fully renatured to yield native-like complexes. PMID- 7306523 TI - Location of structural domains in protein. AB - We are surface area measurements based on atomic positions to give a quantitative definition of structural domains in proteins. Segments of the polypeptide chain making a minimum of interactions with the rest of the protein structure are identified on interface area scans, where the area B of the interface between a N terminal segment of i residues and the complementary C-terminal segment is plotted as a function of i. Domain boundaries appear as minima of B in the scans. The procedure may be iterated to build a hierarchy of subdomains. It detects only continuous domains made of a single stretch of polypeptide chain but may be extended to detect such domains in the presence of discontinuous ones. Domains defined from interface area scans fit very well with globular structural regions identified by inspection of protein models [Wetlaufer, D. B. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 70, 697-701]. They do not in general correspond to the repeated structural units observed in some proteins by superposition studies. In hemoglobin and hen lysozyme, the domains do not correspond to the coding sequences separated by introns in the genes. PMID- 7306524 TI - Design and preparation of affinity columns for the purification of eukaryotic messenger ribonucleic acid cap binding protein. AB - 2',3'-O-[1-(2-Carboxyethyl) ethylidene]-7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate (5) and 7-(5-carboxypentyl) guanosine 5'-diphosphate (13) have been synthesized and immobilized on AH-Sepharose 4B to the extent of 17.4 and 36.6 mumol of ligand/g of gel, respectively. The affinity resins thus derives were employed in columns for the purificaton of 24K cap binding protein (CBP) from rabbit reticulocytes. Each resin was found to retain the protein of interest; elution of 24K CBP could then be effected by washing with 70 microM m7GDP. The 24K CBPs released from both columns were found to be active, both as judged by a cross-linking assay that utilized 10(4)-oxidized methyl-3H-labeled reovirus mRNA as a substrate for the protein and also by the ability of the isolated 24K CBP to stimulate the translocation of capped Sindbis virus mRNA in HeLa cell extracts. PMID- 7306525 TI - Modulation of tropoelastin production and elastin messenger ribonucleic acid activity in developing sheep lung. AB - During fetal development of the sheep lung, elastin content continually increases. For examination of the processes controlling this elastin accumulation, an explant culture system was characterized with respect to changes in tropoelastin production in sheep lung during fetal and early postnatal development. Relative tropoelastin production in cultured lung explants, quantitated by immunoprecipitation, was about 0.3% of total [14C] valine incorporation during the period from 55 to 104 days after conception. This percentage began to increase by 112 days after conception, reached a maximum value of about 1.0% by 135 days after conception, and then declined to 0.5% soon after birth. The absolute rate of tropoelastin production paralleled these changes in relative tropoelastin production. For evaluation of the processes controlling tropoelastin production in the developing sheep lung, total cellular RNA prepared from 68-day-old fetal, 107-day-old fetal, and 147-day-old fetal lung was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Elastin mRNA activity, expressed as the amount of elastin precursor translated per microgram per microgram of DNA, increased about 3-fold during fetal lung development, and elastin precursor synthesis, expressed as a proportion of total translational activity, increased in parallel. It appears, therefore, that elastin production in developing fetal lung is modulated, at least in part, by the amount of available translatable elastin mRNA present in the tissue. PMID- 7306526 TI - Determination of the Structure of four glycopeptides from hen ovalbumin using 360 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Four glycopeptides have been purified by Dowex and Bio-Gel P2 chromatography from Pronase digests of hen ovalbumin. The high-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of these glycopeptides and various products of their enzymatic digestion have been obtained at 360 MHz. By use of information derived from the spectra of a number of model compounds, an unambiguous assignment of all C1-H and Man C2-H resonances in the spectra can be made. On this basis structures are proposed for the four glycopeptides which are identical with those structures previously deduced from destructive chemical methods. PMID- 7306527 TI - Determination of glycopeptide primary structure by 360-MHz proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - A detailed analysis of the proton magnetic resonance spectral parameters for the anomeric and C2 hydrogen resonances of 63 different glycopeptides and oligosaccharides of known structure reveals a general method for the determination of the primary structure of glycopeptides for most currently known classes of structures. In particular, a two-dimensional display formed by plotting mannosyl C1-H vs. C2-H chemical shifts demonstrates that these pairs of values are sensitive to long-range perturbation by remote substitution by hexoses as well as to direct substitution effects. A total of 41 Cl-H/C2-H chemical shift clusters have been defined which characterize unique structural microenvironments. On the basis, the sequence and branching pattern for most structures can be derived. Corroborative evidence is obtained from an examination of the chemical shifts of the galactosyl and N-acetylglucosaminyl anomeric hydrogens as well as other features of the spectrum. PMID- 7306528 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of association of human plasma apolipoproteins with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine: effect of protein structure and lipid clusters on reaction rates. AB - We have used a series of lipid-associating proteins with similar pI's and with molecular weights between 2280 and 28000 to study the mechanism of lipid-protein association. All of these polypeptides spontaneously associate with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) to give quasi-discrete products. The reaction of the apoproteins with unsaturated lecithins is slow, if it occurs at all. Our data support the Kanehisa-Tsong cluster model [Kanehisa & Tsong (1978) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 424] of lipid permeability in many of its qualitative aspects. These are (a) that the rate of lipid- protein association increases with decreasing polypeptide molecular weight, (b) that there is a small temperature dependence for the rate of association of small peptides with DMPC but with large polypeptides the temperature at which association with lipid is rapid is confined to the solid leads to fluid transition temperature (Tc) of DMPC, and (c) that the rate is asymmetric about Tc, with the change in the rate with respect to temperature below Tc being greater than at T greater than Tc. In addition, we have shown that unfolded monomeric proteins with a large number of exposed hydrophobic residues associate with DMPC faster than self-associated and/or folded proteins. Our data suggest that the association of some of the apoproteins with phospholipids is subject to kinetic control. PMID- 7306529 TI - Conformational studies of dansylated enkephalins by fluorescence transfer measurements, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. PMID- 7306530 TI - Effect of basic compounds on the polymerization of clathrin. AB - The effects of several divalent cations, various polybasic amines, and lysozyme on the rate of polymerization of 8S clathrin to the 300S coat structure have been evaluated by turbidimetric procedures. Ca2+ and Mn2+ strongly enhance the rate of polymerization. Only spermine among the naturally occurring polybasic amines had an important effect. Of the several basic proteins evaluated, only lysozyme stimulated the rate of polymerization. Some of these substances were able to increase the rate sufficiently so that polymerization occurred at physiological pH values. Without these compounds, clathrin will only polymerize at pH values of 6.8 or less. PMID- 7306531 TI - Modification of two essential cysteines in rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase by the guanine nucleotide analogue 5'[p-(fluorosulfonyl) benzoyl] guanosine. AB - Reaction of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase with the affinity label 5'-[p (fluorosulfonyl) benzoyl] guanosine (5'-FSBG), at pH 7.65 and 7.93, leads to a loss in enzyme activity. The inactivation is characterized by a biphasic kinetic profile, with the initial phase accounting for approximately 55% of the reduction in enzymatic activity. For both the rapid and slow phases, at pH 7.93, the inactivation rate constants are linearly proportional to the reagent concentration (from 0.48 to 3.0 mM), yielding second-order rate constants of 195 min-1 M-1 and 19 min-1 m-1, respectively. The effect of ligands was tested on the two phases of inactivation. For both, a decrease in the inactivation rate was produced by Mg2+ alone, but the best protection was provided by Mg2+ plus either ADP or GDP, suggesting that the reaction occurs in the region of the metal nucleotide binding site. Modified pyruvate kinase is completely reactivated by incubation with 20 mM dithiothreitol, indicating the involvement of cysteine in the inactivation, indicating the involvement of cysteine in the inactivation process. Reaction with [5'=3H]-5'-FSBG leads to the incorporation of up to 1.3 mol of radioactive reagent per mol of enzyme subunit; however, identical radiolabel incorporation is observed before or after dithiothreitol reactivation of modified enzyme. This result implies that the labeled amino acid residue, measured by means of incorporation, is not directly involved in the inactivation process. In contrast, inactivation was found to correlate well with the loss of two free sulfhydryl groups per enzyme subunit and the restoration of activity to correlate with the regeneration of two free sulfhydryls after treatment of modified enzyme with dithiothreitol. It is proposed that inactivation of pyruvate kinase by 5'-FSBG proceeds by formation of thiol sulfonate followed by a rapid displacement of the sulfinic acid moiety by a second cysteine to yield a disulfide. A negative cooperatively in the interaction of pyruvate kinase subunits with 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)-benzoyl] guanosine might best account for the biphasic inactivation kinetics. PMID- 7306532 TI - Resonance Raman spectra for flavin derivatives modified in the 8 position. AB - Spontaneous resonance Raman or resonance-enhanced AC-coupled inverse Raman spectra were obtained for 8-mercaptoriboflavin, 8-(dimethylamino) riboflavin, 8 hydroxyriboflavin, and 8-aminoriboflavin all free in solution. These Raman spectra were all similar to one another and markedly different from that of riboflavin. In addition, the Raman spectra of 8-mercaptoflavin bound to the apoproteins of old yellow enzyme, glucose oxidase, and L-lactate oxidase were determined. The Raman spectra of these protein-bound flavins were distinctly different from both those of the above 8-substituted riboflavins and that of riboflavin. An argument is presented in favor of assigning a quinonoid electronic structure to these protein-bound flavins. PMID- 7306534 TI - A study on concanavalin A binding to human erythrocytes. AB - Interactions of concanavalin A with human erythrocytes were studied using 125I labelled concanavalin A and a centrifugal technique with dibutyl phthalate which permitted complete separation of bound and free concanavalin A. Binding of 125I labelled concanavalin A to human erythrocytes was dependent on cell concentration, pH and temperature. Specificity of binding was confirmed by inhibition and dissociation studies with sugars and native concanavalin A. Positive cooperative binding of concanavalin A to human erythrocytes was observed at low concanavalin A concentrations (less than I microgram/ml) in both buffers studied. Positive cooperativity at higher concanavalin A concentrations (more than 100 microgram/ml) was seen in Tris-Hepes buffer but not in phosphate buffered saline. Consistent with this cooperative effect was the observation that although dissociation of 125I-labelled concanavalin A from the erythrocytes was complete in the presence of 1 mg/ml of the native lectin, release was inhibited by low concentrations (1 microgram/ml). A comparison of concanavalin A binding with hemagglutination studies suggests that the amount of concanavalin A bound determines the rate of erythrocyte agglutination and the size of the aggregates formed. PMID- 7306533 TI - AC calorimetry of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine multilayers: hysteresis and annealing near the gel to liquid-crystal transition. AB - The gel to liquid-crystal phase transition in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied with 0.4-Hz ac calorimetry. The ac heat capacity on heating scans exhibited a peak in the vicinity of 23.9 degrees C with a full width at half-maximum of 0.15-0.20 degrees C. The enthalpy change was 4.8 kcal/mol, in good agreement with conventional differential scanning calorimetry. On cooling scans, the peak shifted to lower temperature by 0.1-0.5 degrees C, the width increased to 0.25-0.40 degrees C, and the apparent enthalpy change was only 40% of that observed on heating. Both the heating and cooling heat capacities were stable for at least 20 min in quasi-isothermal conditions. Following a 1 h anneal at 10 degrees C, the heating scans were quite reproducible. The results have been interpreted in terms of the nucleation and subsequent annealing of small ordered domains in the bilayer on freezing the acyl chains. No peak associated with the pretransition was observed, as expected since the relaxation time for the degrees of freedom the produce the pretransition is much longer than the period of the 0.4-Hz temperature wave. PMID- 7306535 TI - Phase transitions in lipid bilayers. A theoretical model for phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid bilayers. AB - We present an application of an earlier model to the description of phase transitions in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid bilayers. For the former system we modify the model to allow for very slightly closer chain packing. This small modification alone is sufficient to shift the main phase transition temperature to higher values, and to eliminate the lower transition. For the charged bilayers we incorporate electrostatic contributions into the free energy using double layer theory and we consider the excluded volume of counterions at the bilayer/water interface. Phase transition temperatures and the presence of absence of a lower transition are determined for various pH values, and the results are compared with experiment. PMID- 7306536 TI - Modification of phospholipid structure results in greater stability if liposomes in serum. AB - Previous studies have revealed that the replacement of the C-2 ester group in phosphatidylcholine by the carbamyloxy function renders the resulting lipids, without affecting the properties of the liposomes, resistant to hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 (Gupta, C.M. Bali, A. (1981) Biochim. Biophys, Acta 663, 506 515). As an extension of this work, the effect of serum on the stability of liposomes, prepared from 1-palmitoyl-2-heptadec-10-cis enylcarbamyloxyphosphatidylcholine (carbamylphosphatidylcholine), has been examined. The stability has been measured in terms of (a) bilayer permeability to solutes, and (b) the lipid transfer to serum proteins. Replacement of egg phosphatidylcholine in liposomes by the carbamyl analog prevented serum-induced leakage of the entrapped solutes and also inhibited the lipid (phospholipid and cholesterol) transfer. Manipulation of the cholesterol content of the liposomes had no effect on the stability. These observations indicate that the interaction of serum proteins with liposomes probably involves a highly specific binding of the proteins to the liposome surface. PMID- 7306537 TI - Surface potential and surface charge density of the cerebral-cortex synaptic vesicle and stability of vesicle suspension. AB - Using a microelectrophoresis instrument employing the Lazer-Zee system, the electrophoretic mobility of synaptic vesicles isolated from Guinea-pig brain cortex was measured under conditions. The mobility was found to depend on both pH and ionic concentration of the solution. The surface of the synaptic vesicle was shown to be negatively charged under physiological conditions. The isoelectric point was observed at pH 4.0 in 0.01 M NaCl solution. Effects of divalent cations were examined and reversal of surface charge was observed in 0.1 M CaCl2 solution. Interaction of vesicles was also considered on the basis of the DLVO theory of colloid stability by using calculated values of surface charge density and surface potential of the synaptic vesicle. PMID- 7306538 TI - Hypertonic cryohemolysis and the cytoskeletal system. AB - Hypertonic cryohemolysis is defined as the lysis of erythrocytes in a hypertonic environment when the temperature is lowered from above 15-18 degrees C below that temperature. This has been found to be a general phenomenon (that is, whether the solute is charged or not), to exhibit interesting temperature characteristics and to be preventable by agents such as valinomycin which tend to dissipate the concentration gradient across the cell membrane. As yet, no clear information is available to translate this phenomenon to the molecular level and to relate it to current structure/function concepts in the erythrocyte membrane. In this study, data are presented which would indicate on the basis of two entirely separate methodologies that the spectrin-actin cytoskeletal framework is involved in this phenomenon. The first of these methodologies is based on radiation-induced ablation of cryohemolysis and indicates that an intact macromolecular complex of an order of 16000 000 daltons is required for cryohemolysis with hypertonic NaCl. The second methodology is based on selective cross-linking of spectrin and actin in the agent diamide, which resulted in concentration-dependent suppression of cryohemolysis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the erythrocyte from diamide treated cells showed intense protein aggregation with loss of spectrin-actin and bands 4.1, 4.2. We conclude that the spectrin-actin cytoskeletal system possibly including its interaction with phospholipids is the key to the phenomenon of hypertonic cryohemolysis. PMID- 7306539 TI - Temperature dependence of solute transport and enzyme activities in hog renal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - The temperature dependence of sodium-dependent and sodium-independent D-glucose and phosphate uptake by renal brush border membrane vesicles has been studied under tracer exchange conditions. For sodium-dependent D-glucose and phosphate uptake, discontinuities in the Arrhenius plot were observed. The apparent activation energy for both processes increased at least 4-fold with decreasing temperature. The most striking change in the slope of the Arrhenius plot occurred between 12 and 15 degrees C. The sodium-independent uptake of D-glucose and phosphate showed a linear Arrhenius plot over the temperature range tested (35-5 degrees C). The behavior of the transport processes was compared to the temperature dependence of typical brush border membrane enzymes. Alkaline phosphatase as intrinsic membrane protein showed a nonlinear Arrhenius plot with a transition temperature at 12.4 degrees C. Aminopeptidase M, an extrinsic membrane protein exhibited a linear Arrhenius plot. These data indicate that the sodium-glucose and sodium-phosphate cotransport systems are intrinsic brush border membrane proteins, and that a change in membrane organization alters the activity of a variety of intrinsic membrane proteins simultaneously. PMID- 7306540 TI - Evidence of far ultraviolet light-mediated changes in plasma membrane structure and fuction. AB - Irradiation of plasma membrane preparations with 254 nm light increases its apparent microviscosity with fluorescent polarimetry. Doses of 3 . 10(4) J/m2 increase the fluorescent polarization of a diphenylhexatriene probe by 10%. A similar increase is seen when whole cells are irradiated. The fate of membrane protein following irradiation was examined using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Increasing the 254 nm doses reduces the amount of material in distinct bands on the gel and increases the amount of very low mobility material. No new bands of Coomassie blue staining material were observed. Irradiation of whole cells inhibited their attachment to concanavalin A-coated surfaces, an indication of a change in membrane function. PMID- 7306541 TI - Isolation of surface lectins of GH3 cells from whole cells and isolated plasma membranes. AB - Lectins localized in the plasma membranes seem to be of special importance for the intercellular interaction mechanisms. We describe the isolation of mannose binding proteins by Triton X-100 extraction and affinity chromatography on agarose-bound mannose. The isolation procedure was performed with whole GH3 cells as well as with isolated plasma membranes. For the isolation of plasma membranes of GH3 cells a mechanical pump was used for the disruption. After differential centrifugation an enriched plasma membrane fraction was achieved by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The whole fractionation procedure was controlled by total balance sheets for the marker enzymes of the different cell organelles. The plasma membrane fraction was further characterized by gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The SDS gel electrophoresis patterns of the proteins, resulting from the Triton X-100 extraction and the affinity chromatography, are nearly identical for whole cells as well as for the enriched plasma membrane fraction. Therefore we presume these mannose-specific proteins to be plasma membrane bound, showing the molecular properties of integral proteins and having a molecular weight of Mr 67 000, 57 000, 47 000. PMID- 7306542 TI - Changes of the internal organization of the plasma membrane correlated to the regeneration potency of the cell. AB - Internal organization of the plasma-membrane of rat thymocytes and pituitary tumor cells (GH3) was experimentally altered by low temperature and either changing osmolarity or adding drugs destroying the cytoskeleton. These treatments induce reversible aggregation of intramembrane particles of the plasma membrane. Thin section electron microscopy of the hypotonically shocked cells show all the cell organelles to be extremely swollen and the cytoplasmic space to be rather empty. Returned to physiological conditions, the cells show normal morphological aspects, accompanied by 'normal' permeability properties of the plasma membrane; the aggregation of intramembrane particles is reversed. The proliferation behaviour of GH3-cell is not affected by this treatment. This demonstrates a high regeneration potency of the mammalian cell and leads to the assumption that molecular components which are important for the survival of the cell must be structural (membrane) bound. PMID- 7306543 TI - Correlation of general anesthetic potency with solubility in membranes. AB - Recently (Franks, N.P. and Lieb, W.R. (1978) Nature 274, 339-342) it has been claimed that the traditional correlation between anesthetic potency and vegetable oil solubility breaks down when the alkanols are compared to other volatile anesthetics. Lately, however, new information on the partitioning of anesthetics into lipid bilayers has become available. In this report the potency of twenty one structurally diverse anesthetic agents is shown to correlate well with their ability to partition into phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Thus the original Meyer Overton oil solubility hypothesis accommodates a wider range of anesthetics, including alkanols, volatile and gaseous agents, and barbiturates, when lipid bilayer solubility is substituted for oil solubility. PMID- 7306544 TI - Mean solute concentration for use with the Michaelis-Menten equation applied to the analysis of data from intestinal perfusion experiments. AB - A number of algebraic expressions for the solute concentration for use with the Michaelis-Menten equation during the analysis of data from intestinal perfusion experiments have been investigated. It is concluded that the most suitable, especially if water absorption is occurring, is of the form: S = (S initial--S effluent)/ln(S initial/S effluent). PMID- 7306545 TI - Influence of serum and amino acids on the accumulation of aminoisobutyrate by rat hepatoma cells. A dedifferentiation of transport routes? AB - Rat hepatoma cells accumulate considerably less 2-aminoisobutyrate after cultivating in the absence of serum--the change in rate of aminoisobutyrate uptake takes place within 1 h of serum starvation. Starvation of amino acids by contrast raises aminoisobutyrate uptake in the presence or absence of serum, but the cells are much less responsive to amino acid supply than to availability of serum. Phosphate (10 mM) reduced aminoisobutyrate uptake by cells grown in serum to that exhibited by serum-starved cells. Aminoisobutyrate uptake by cells grown in serum was reduced by glycine, proline, alanine, serine, glutamine, methylaminoisobutyrate and 2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylate, the effects of methylaminoisobutyrate and 2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylate being additive. However, similar inhibition phenomena were not seen for cells deprived of serum where aminoisobutyrate uptake tended to a relatively constant level insensitive to inhibitory influences, yet substantially greater than that arising by simple diffusion. The comparative insensitivity of our hepatoma line when starved of serum to competition and repression phenomena is in contrast to findings of others. Our results also suggest a lack of clear delineation of specificities for the A and L transport systems as usually defined. PMID- 7306546 TI - Control of passive permeability of Chinese hamster ovary cells by external and intracellular ATP. AB - External ATP causes passive permeability change in several transformed cells, but not in untransformed cells. We studied the effect of external ATP on the passive permeability of CHO-K1 cells, a transformed clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Treatment of the cells with external ATP alone did not produce a permeability change, and this was observed only when a mitochondrial inhibitor, such as rotenone or oligomycin, was present together with ATP. These inhibitors reduced the concentration of intracellular ATP and a permeability change by external ATP was observed when intracellular ATP was decreased more than 70%. This requirement for permeability change of CHO-K1 cells was quite unique, since passive permeability change of other transformed cells so far tested was induced by ATP alone. Treatment of CHO-K1 cells with cyclic AMP analogues increased their sensitivity to external ATP about 2-fold. The roles of external and intracellular ATP in controlling passive permeability are discussed. PMID- 7306548 TI - Biogenesis of the mitochondrial enzyme, carbamyl phosphate synthetase. Appearance during fetal development of rat liver an rapid repression in freshly dispersed hepatocytes. AB - Synthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase was undetectable in fetal rat liver at 16 days gestation but by 4-5 days after birth (11-12 days later), this single protein accounted for approx. 5% of total liver protein and roughly 1% of total liver protein synthesis. Likewise, translatable mRNA coding for the enzyme was absent from 16-day fetal livers but then rapidly accumulated reaching maximum levels just after birth. The in vitro primary translation product of carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA corresponded to a higher molecular weight biosynthetic precursor of the enzyme; peptide maps obtained from the precursor synthesized both in vivo and in vitro and from the mature enzyme made in vivo were the same. When livers of neonatal rats were perfused with collagenase and further treated to yield a preparation of freshly dispersed hepatocytes highly active in general protein synthesis, a procedure which took about 45 min to complete, biosynthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase was found to be completely absent in these cells. The mRNA coding for the enzyme, however, could be extracted from the dispersed hepatocytes and was actively translatable in vitro, at levels approximately 75% of those for mRNA obtained from intact liver. Repression of biogenesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase in dispersed hepatocytes, therefore, must involve a mechanism which shifts the mRNA coding for the enzyme out of active polysomal complexes and renders it further untranslatable in vivo but not in vitro. PMID- 7306547 TI - The action of organic mercurials on the erythrocyte membrane. AB - The solubilisation of proteins from erythrocyte membranes by treatment with organic mercurials has been studied with different species. The marked solubilisation previously reported for human membranes does not seem to be a general phenomenon. All of the other species examined showed less than 50% of the solubilisation shown by human membranes. The protein-solubilising effect seems to be dependent on hydrophobic mercury derivatives carrying a net negative charge. Uncharged compounds like phenylmercuric acetate blocked the effect, although N ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide did not. With the aid of radioactively labelled compounds, and of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the proteins reactive towards the mercurials were identified. The major integral protein, band 3, was the major protein capable of binding the mercurial. Reaction with the mercurial appears to disrupt interaction of band 3 with bands 2.1 and 4.2, allowing dissociation of the cytoskeleton from the membrane. In addition, band 4.9 was also found to react with the mercurials, possibly resulting in disruption of the cytoskeleton. PMID- 7306549 TI - Inhibition by tamoxifen of estrogen-stimulated accumulation of preprolactin messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - Estrogens are involved in the stimulation of prolactin synthesis in the rat anterior pituitary. After 5 days of treatment with 17beta-estradiol, strong enhancement of [3H]leucine incorporation into prolactin an stimulation of translatable preprolactin mRNA, respectively, were noted. Increase in prolactin synthesis was found following daily application with estriol and the synthetic estrogen 1,3-dibenzoyloxy-17 beta-methyl-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17 beta-ol (DB EE2). The antiestrogen tamoxifen (trans-1-(p-beta-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1,2 diphenylbut-1-ene) was demonstrated to inhibit estradiol-stimulated prolactin syntheses. Antagonistic effects of tamoxifen were dose dependent. Low loses of the antiestrogen were already sufficient to suppress 17 beta-estradiol-enhanced levels of prolactin mRNA. On the other hand, estriol potentiated 17 beta estradiol-stimulated levels of serum prolactin and prolactin synthesis. Our results add further information about the transcriptional control by estrogens and demonstrate inhibitory actions of antiestrogens on distinct regulatory levels of protein synthesis in the rat pituitary. PMID- 7306550 TI - Effects of inhibitors of DNA synthesis and protein synthesis on the rate of DNA synthesis after exposure of mammalian cells to ultraviolet light. AB - Chinese hamster V-79 cells were treated with metabolic inhibitors o DNA or protein synthesis for various intervals of time after exposure of 3.0 or 5.0 J m 2. After removal of the metabolic block(s) the rate of DNA synthesis was followed by measuring the incorporation of [14C]thymidine into acid-insoluble material. A 2.5 or 5.0 h incubation with cycloheximide or hydroxyurea was effective in delaying the onset of the recovery in the rate of DNA synthesis that normally becomes evident several hours after exposure to ultraviolet light. By using concentrations of cycloheximide or hydroxyurea that inhibit DNA synthesis by a similar amount (70%), but protein synthesis by vastly different amounts (95% for cycloheximide; 0% for hydroxyurea), it was apparent that the delay in recovery caused by the treatment of cells with cycloheximide could be accounted for entirely by its inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. This suggests that the recovery in DNA synthetic rates following exposure of V-79 cells to ultraviolet light does not appear to require de novo protein synthesis, and therefore does not appear to require the involvement of an inducible DNA repair process. PMID- 7306551 TI - Differences in the distribution of phosphate content in the ribosomal subunit proteins of free and membrane-bound ribosomes from normal and regenerating rat liver. AB - Proteins of membrane-bound ribosomes from normal liver contained 60-70% more phosphate than did proteins from free ribosomes. This difference was not a reflection of the phosphate contents of respective 40 S subunits. Instead, it was owing to the presence of high levels of phosphorylated proteins in the 60 S subunits, i.e., phosphate contents equal to or greater than those for 40 S subunits. The proteins of membrane-bound 60 S subunits contained twice the phosphate as free 60 S subunits. In regenerating rat liver, membrane-bound ribosomes had increased phosphate in the proteins of the 40 S subunits and decreased phosphate in proteins of the 60 S subunit when compared to controls for normal rat liver. No significant changes occurred in the proteins of free ribosomes from regenerating rat liver. These findings are discussed with respect to (a) the importance of assessing total phosphate contents of proteins in the study of ribosomal protein phosphorylation, and (b) the possible involvement of ribosomal protein phosphorylation in the segregation of ribosomes into free and membrane-bound populations and the regulation of these distributions to meet changes in the translational demands of the cell. PMID- 7306552 TI - Buoyant density and hybridization analysis of human DNA sequences, including three satellite DNAs. AB - Total human DNA was fractionated from the three types of Cs2SO4 gradient used to prepare satellites I, II and III. Three satellite DNAs were found: satellite I with a mean buoyant density of 1.6888 g/ml comprising about 1.3% of the total, satellite II with a mean buoyant of 1.696 g/ml, comprising about 1% of the total an satellite III with a mean buoyant density of 1.699 g/ml comprising about 2.2% of the total. The buoyant densities of these satellites after purification were 1.686, 1.694 and 1.697 m/gl, respectively. A preparation with the attributes of satellite IV was isolated from the shoulder region of a satellite III preparative gradient. In situ hybridization using complementary RNA showed that the three satellites were located predominantly on chromosomes 9, Y, 15 and 1. Satellite II also showed marked hybridization to chromosome 16. Satellites I and II and III cross-hybridized to each other but satellites I and II did not. On the basis of our hybridization data, we suggest that some of the same sequences which comprise satellite III also comprise satellite I an II. PMID- 7306553 TI - Purification and properties of fatty acid synthetase from a human breast cell line. AB - A human mammary epithelial cell line (SKBr3) has been identified in which fatty acid synthetase constitutes up to 28%, by weight of the cytosolic proteins. The enzymes has been purified to near homogeneity from this cell line and some of its properties studied. In common with fatty acid synthetases from other animal tissues, the enzyme is a 480 000 dalton dimer of similar molecular weight subunits, it synthesizes predominantly palmitic acid and is inactive in the absence of free coenzyme A. The kinetic properties and amino acid composition of the enzyme are also similar to those of fatty acid synthetases from various tissues of other animals. Appreciable structural resemblance between human and rodent fatty acid synthetases is indicated by studies on the immunological cross reactivities of these enzymes. PMID- 7306554 TI - Lysozyme activity of bacteriophage T4 ghosts. AB - Bacteriophage T4 ghosts were found to possess lysozyme (mucopeptide N acetylmuramoylhydrolase, EC 3.2.1.17) activity. This enzyme is probably responsible for the lysis from without, observed at high multiplicity of infection, a process independent of the presence of the e gene product which is also a lysozyme. The ghost lysozyme and e lysozyme differed with respect to their requirements for maximal catalytic activity and to some extent in substrate specificity. The ghost lysozyme was released from phage particle by the action of Triton X-100. PMID- 7306556 TI - Purification and characterization of the chymotrypsin-like enzyme of the bovine granulocyte. AB - A chymotrypsin-like enzyme (EC 3.4.21.20) was isolated from bovine granulocytes, and purified 14-fold by affinity chromatography on 4-phenylbutylamine Affi-gel. The molecular weights of the isoenzymes were estimated as 16 000, 19 300 and 24 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A Michaelis constant of 2 mM and a catalytic constant of 34.6 s-1 were determined with Bz-Tyr-OEt. The esterolytic activity of the enzyme could be inhibited both by PMSF and by TPCK. It was also inhibited by chymostatin (Ki = 0.11 microgram/ml) and by the cytosol inhibitor of the bovine granulocyte (K'i = 1 microM). The chymotrypsin-like enzyme of the bovine granulocyte shares a number of the kinetic properties common to the chymotrypsin-like enzyme of the human granulocyte. The two granulocytes showed nearly identical chymotrypsin-like enzyme activities per cell. PMID- 7306555 TI - Purification of carnosine synthetase from avian muscle by affinity chromatography and determination of its subunit structure. AB - An extract of chick pectoral muscle was prepared in which the level of carnosine synthetase (L-histidine; beta-alanine ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.3.2.11) activity was approx. 10-times that of previous preparations. In affinity chromatography studies, this material was applied to a Cibracon blue-agarose column, and elution of carnosine synthetase by carnosine was attempted. Results indicated that the elution was not specific as the eluate contained large amounts of myosin. An (NH4)2SO4 fraction (21--30% satn.) of the crude extract was prepared which, in comparison to the crude extract, had a higher specific activity, was more stable on storage at 4 degrees C and had much lower myosin content. On affinity chromatography of this fraction, apparently homogeneous carnosine synthetase was eluted with carnosine, and the specific activity of the preparation was 1700 times that of the fresh crude extract. Amino acid analysis of the preparation indicated that it had a very high histidine content (141 per 1000 residues). On analysis of the preparation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a polypeptide of Mr 119 000 was observed, whereas gel permeation chromatography of the native enzyme indicated an Mr of 250 000, suggesting that the native enzyme is a dimer. PMID- 7306557 TI - Mode of degradation of myofibrillar proteins by an endogenous protease, cathepsin L. AB - The mode of degradation of myofibrils and their constituent proteins by cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) of rabbit skeletal muscle was studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that cathepsin L degraded myosin heavy chain, alpha-actinin, actin, troponin T and troponin I assembled in myofibrils and produced mainly fragments of 160 000 and 30 000 daltons in the acidic pH region. This degradation was most intense around pH 4. Degradation of myosin in the isolated state by cathepsin L resulted in the disappearance of the heavy chain and the decrease of light chains 1, 2 and 3, producing fragments of 160 000, 92 000, 83 000 and 60 000 daltons. The degradation of the heavy chain was most severe at pH 4.2. Cathepsin L degraded actin into fragments of 40 000, 37 000 and 30 000 daltons. This action was most intense at pH 4.7. Tropomyosin was not degraded. Troponin T and troponin I were degraded into fragments of 30 000 and 13 000 daltons at pH 3.7--6.7, which were degraded further into smaller fragments. Troponin C was not degraded. alpha-Actinin was degraded into several fragments, the major one of which showed an Mr of 80 000. This degradation was most intense at pH 3.0--3.5. PMID- 7306558 TI - Purification and properties of CTP synthetase from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - CTP synthetase (UTP: ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.4.2) was purified 200 fold from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with about 50% purity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight estimated to be 118 000 by gel filtration. The optimal pH was 8.6. 2-Mercaptoethanol was required for optimal activity and stabilization of the enzyme. Magnesium was essential for the reaction and other divalent cations were ineffective. Ammonia could replace glutamine as the amino donor. When other substrates were at saturating concentrations, Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed yielding Km values for UTP, ATP and glutamine of 0.18, 0.8 and 0.13 mM, respectively. With ATP at subsaturating concentration, the double-reciprocal plot for UTP saturation was sinusoidal and the Hill plot showed an n value of 1.3. The double-reciprocal plot for ATP saturation, when UTP was at subsaturating concentration, departed from Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an n value of 1.4. These data suggest the existence of cooperative interactions between enzyme and substrates at subsaturating concentrations of ATP or UTP. GTP was not essential, but it acted as an activator on the glutamine reaction; optimal activation was observed at 1 mM GTP. The affinity for glutamine was not affected by GTP. PMID- 7306559 TI - Purification, characterization and possible function of alpha-N-acylamino acid hydrolase from bovine liver. PMID- 7306560 TI - Ethanolamine plasmalogen methylation by rabbit myocardial membranes. AB - Enzymatic methylation of alkenylacylglycerophosphoethanolamine to form alkenylacylglycerophosphocholine was observed in rabbit myocardial membranes, and was compared to the corresponding methylation sequence for diacyl substrates. Membranes were incubated with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine and assayed for incorporation of radioactivity into selected lipids. The rate of incorporation of methyl groups into diacylglycerophosphocholine exceeded that for alkenylacylglycerophosphocholine, 12.0 +/- 3.6 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.7 pmol product formed/mg per h (mean +/- S.D.), even when normalized for ethanolamine substrate concentration (5.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.4 pmol CH3 incorporated/mumol diradylglycerophosphoethanolamine). Rabbit myocardial phospholipid methyltransferase activity is optimal at basic pH for each substrate, is moderately stimulated by added Ca2+ or Mg2+, and is completely inhibited by S adenosylhomocysteine. An apparent Km of 0.2 mM for S-adenosylmethionine applies to diacyl- and alkenylacylglycerophosphocholine formation; at low concentrations of methyl donor (0.003 mM), the monomethylated products accumulate. PMID- 7306561 TI - Role of lipoprotein lipase in the uptake of cholesteryl ester by rat lactating mammary gland in vivo. PMID- 7306562 TI - A comparison of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activities in neuronal nuclei and microsomes isolated from immature rabbit cerebral cortex. AB - Using neuronal nuclei (N1) and microsomes (P3) isolated from cerebral cortices of 15-day-old rabbits, the activity of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (acyl CoA: 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase) was studied using palmitoyl-, oleoyl- and arachidonoyl-CoA and a pool of lysophosphatidylcholine labelled with [3H]palmitate, [3H]stearate or [3H]oleate. Generally, in the acylation of the three radioactive lysophosphatidylcholines with arachidonoyl CoA, the N1-specific acylation activities were two to seven times those of P3. For oleoyl-coA smaller N1 : P3 specific activity ratios were found, differing significantly from unity for only the 1-palmitoyl and 1-stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholines. The N1 : P3 ratios for the two unsaturated acyl-CoA thioesters were usually found to increase as the lysophosphatidylcholine concentration was lowered from 100 to 25 microM. Thus, nuclear acylation rates, particularly with arachidonoyl-CoA, were less affected by lowering the acceptor concentration than were microsomal activities. At the high lysophosphatidylcholine concentration (100 microM), arachidonoyl-CoA was a superior substrate to oleoyl-CoA in the nuclear acylations of the 1-palmitoyl or 1-stearoyl acceptors. Such a preference was never seen for the microsomal fraction. Using oleoyl- and arachidonoyl-CoA, the nuclear enzymes also showed a greater preference for the 1-palmitoyl homologue over the 1-oleoyl homologue than did the microsomal enzymes. These results support the existence of neuronal nuclear lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases with different substrate preferences than shown by the microsomal fraction. PMID- 7306563 TI - New total synthesis and high resolution 1H NMR spectrum of platelet-activating factor, its enantiomer and racemic mixtures. AB - A new method of synthesis of octadecyl platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O octadecyl 2-O-acetyl sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) is described. Its advantage is to proceed by way of the 'lyso-PAF' which may be substituted by various groups, while avoiding the inconveniences of the total synthesis already described. Moreover, the intermediates in synthesis are easier to purify, with better yields. The platelet-aggregating activity of synthetic PAF, is enantiomer (3-O-octadecyl) and racemic mixtures were 2.7 . 10(-10), 1.7 . 10(-7) and 2.2 . 10(-10) M, respectively. These results indicate the stereospecificity of platelet activation induced by PAF. PMID- 7306564 TI - Phytomitogen-induced stimulation of syntheses de novo of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol in rat and human lymphocytes. AB - The biosynthetic route of phosphatidylinositol in lymphocytes stimulated with either concanavalin A or Phaseolus vulgaris hemagglutinin is examined by the determination of the [2-3H]glycerol and 32PO4 incorporations into glycerolipids of rat and human lymphocytes. In rat lymph-node cells, the [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into phosphatidylinositol was accelerated 23-fold by 50 microgram concanavalin A/ml culture; the same cells exhibited a 37-fold concanavalin A induced stimulation in 32PO4 incorporation into the phospholipid. Moreover, concanavalin A markedly stimulated [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. [2-3H]Glycerol incorporation into the other glycerolipids was affected to a very small degree by concanavalin A. In human peripheral blood lymphocytes, concanavalin A and P. vulgaris hemagglutinin enhanced the rate of the [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into phosphatidylinositol to almost the same degree (4--8-fold) as the rate of the 32PO4 incorporation into the phospholipid. The [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine was markedly stimulated after addition of these lectins; the enhancement was 3--4-times higher than the enhancement found in the 32PO4 incorporation into these lipids. The [2-3H]glycerol incorporation into diacylglycerol was enhanced 4--5-fold by these lectins. These mitogenic lectins stimulated the [2-3H]glycerol and 32PO4 incorporation into phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine to a smaller degree. Our results indicate that phosphatidylinositol in phytomitogen-stimulated lymphocytes is synthesized mainly via the de novo pathway, in contrast to the previously postulated pathway involving turnover of the inositol and phosphate moieties of phosphatidylinositol while conserving the diacylglycerol portion of this molecule. PMID- 7306565 TI - The purification and partial characterization of phospholipase A2, a secretory protein of rabbit parotid gland. AB - Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4), a soluble enzyme present in secretion granule lysates and in the discharged secretion of rabbit parotid gland, has been purified by gel filtration. The enzyme preparations obtained from both lysates and secretion have been found to have identical amino acid compositions, amino terminal residues (Asx), isoelectric points (10.2) and electrophoretic behavior in polyacrylamide gels. The reduced and alkylated protein yields a single band upon electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate; the mobility corresponds to an apparent molecular weight of 16000. The enzyme is capable of action on phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol. Activity has been examined using as substrate sonicated vesicles consisting of PC and PE. Rates of hydrolysis have been determined by densitometry of lysophosphatides resolved and charred on thin layer chromatograms. This approach has been used to follow enzyme purification, to indicate the preferential hydrolysis (approx. 2-fold) of PE vs. PC and to demonstrate that enzyme purified from granule lysates and discharged secretion shows the same heat stability and activity profile as a function of pH. A highly specific Ca2+ requirement for activity also has been identified for substances organized as phospholipid bilayers; the apparent inactivity of this enzyme within a Ca2+-containing storage organelle, the secretion granule, presents an interesting problem for future investigation. PMID- 7306567 TI - The effects of cerulenin on lipid metabolism in vitro in cellular preparations from the rat. AB - The effects of the fatty acid-like antibiotic, cerulenin, on fatty acid biosynthesis in preparations of rat adipocytes and mammary cells in vitro have been investigated. Synthesis of palmitic acid was most strongly inhibited, although the magnitude of the effect was dependent on the nature of the tissue, and was especially diminished in the larger adipocytes from older rats. Cerulenin had no effect on the chain-elongation of preformed fatty acids in any of the tissues studied. Some inhibition of the esterification of preformed palmitic acid was also observed, but this appeared to be due to disruption of the cells rather than direct inhibition of the acyltransferases. It is concluded that cerulenin is a valuable experimental tool in studies of lipogenesis in preparations of intact mammalian cells in vitro. PMID- 7306569 TI - The existence of pro-colipase in pancreatic juice. PMID- 7306568 TI - Bile acid induced interconversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase in cultured intestine. AB - The effect of bile acids and bile acid/cholesterol micelles on 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, was investigated in cultured intestine. Glycocholic and glycodeoxycholic acid both suppressed total (fully activated) reductase activity after 3 h culture. The portion of expressed reductase, determined in the presence of NaF, was unaffected at 3 h, but decreased after 24 h of bile acid treatment. In contrast, total enzyme activity was stimulated up to 2.5-fold at 24 h; this bile acid effect was blocked by additional cholesterol. These results suggest that bile acids modulate both total reductase activity and the activation state of the enzyme in cultured intestine. PMID- 7306571 TI - Effect of dodecyl sulfate on the spectral properties of phenylalanyl residues in serum albumin detected by second derivative spectrophotometry. AB - The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the spectral properties of phenylalanine residues in bovine serum albumin was studied at neutral pH by second derivative spectrophotometry. It was found that phenylalanine residues in the interior of bovine serum albumin became almost completely exposed on the surface of the protein on formation of a so-called AD12 complex. This conformational change began to be significant when 4 mol SDS bound to bovine serum albumin. At higher concentrations of SDS, when so-called ADn and AD2n complexes were formed, phenylalanine residues were transferred to the hydrophobic region again. This might be due to the involvement of phenylalanine residues in micelle-like clusters. Change in the conformation of bovine serum albumin involving tryptophan residues was also measured. These studies demonstrate the value of second derivative spectrophotometry in studies on conformational change of proteins. PMID- 7306566 TI - Two types of inhibitor of phospholipid methylation in MOPC-31C cells with modified membrane phospholipids. PMID- 7306570 TI - Crystalline actin tubes. III. The interaction of scandium and yttrium with skeletal muscle actin. AB - The effect of the trivalent cations scandium (Sc3+) and yttrium (Y3+) on the conformation of G-actin was examined using ultraviolet difference and high resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A comparison was made with data obtained previously with the trivalent lanthanide cations (Ln3+). These results indicate that the first and subsequent Y ions (ionic radius 101.9 pm) behave exactly like Ln3+. Sc3+ is a smaller ion (87 pm) than any of the Ln3+. The first Sc3+ binds to a site on actin that is inaccessible to Mg2+, Y3+ and Ln3+. However, the second Sc3+ to bind behaves like an Ln3+. On replacing the native divalent cation (Mg2+), both Y3+ and Sc3+ mobilize the adenine ring of ATP bound to actin, thus exposing underlying residues to the solvent. When Y3+ and Sc3+ saturate their binding sites on actin, and when the ionic strength is raised to 0.1 M with KCl at pH 6.9, the actin aggregates. Y3+ binds to actin with a ratio of 6 : 1 and induces the aggregation of actin into crystalline actin tubes, whilst Sc3+ binds with a ratio of 8 : 1 and induces amorphous actin aggregates. These results are consistent with the suggestion that actin tubes are induced by trivalent cations, principally on the basis of their binding stoichiometry, which is determined by ionic radius. PMID- 7306572 TI - Stability of lactate dehydrogenase. II. Hybrids and geometric isomers. AB - Hybrids of lactate dehydrogenases from pig heart and muscle and from chicken heart and pig heart were obtained by the freeze-thaw method [1,2]. Ion-exchange chromatography of the resulting mixtures of hybrids yielded unusual elution patterns, i.e., the 2 + 2 hybrids (HP2MP2 and HC2HP2) were eluted in two separate peaks. These subforms were concluded to result from partial resolution of the three geometric isomers. The hybrids of chicken heart and pig heart lactate dehydrogenase showed three distinct levels of stability. The characteristics temperatures of denaturation were 61.5 degrees C for HP4, HCHP3 and HC2HP2I; 71 degrees C for HC2HP2II and HC3HP and 76.5 degrees for HC4. The resistance towards thermal denaturation thus seemed to be governed by the least stable dimer within the tetrameric enzyme. The arrangement of stabilities of the dimers was in excellent agreement with the number of additional ion pairs between Arg241 (chicken) and Asp57 (chicken and pig) [3] within the Q-contact areas. The rate determining step of thermal denaturation of lactate dehydrogenase was concluded to comprise the distortion or dissociation of one or two Q-contacts of the tetramer. PMID- 7306573 TI - Inhibition of tubulin self-assembly in vitro by fluorodinitrobenzene. AB - The self-assembly of bovine brain tubulin into microtubules is inhibited by low molar ratios of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobezene (FDNB). Binding studies using [14C]FDNB indicate that the incorporation of between one and two dinitrophenyl groups is sufficient to inhibit assembly completely, although more dinitrophenyl groups can be incorporated using higher FDNB/tubulin ratios. Dinitrophenyltubulin, under assembly conditions, tends to assemble into amorphous aggregates. Thiolysis by 2-mercaptoethanol removes the dinitrophenyl moieties. Paper chromatography and high-voltage electrophoresis of acid-hydrolyzed modified tubulin containing one dinitrophenyl group identified the residue as S dinitrophenylcysteine. The beta-monomer of tubulin is preferentially modified at low FDNB/tubulin ratios. The reaction with FDNB is greatly reduced when tubulin is in polymerized form. FDNB reduces the colchicine binding activity but does not affect the Mg(II) content of the protein. PMID- 7306574 TI - Effect of phosphate concentration on the kinetics of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase self-association. AB - The kinetics of the self-association of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase was studied at various phosphate buffer concentrations (pH 7.3) at 11.5 degrees C by means of the temperature-jump technique with scattered light detection. The observed relaxation times were well explained by the random association model of Thusius et al. With increasing phosphate concentration, the association rate constant derived from the model decreased, while the dissociation rate constant was left almost constant. Relaxation amplitude was also dependent on the phosphate concentration. The changes in the rate constant and relaxation amplitude with phosphate concentration are well elucidated by assuming that glutamate dehydrogenase is protected from association by specific masking of the association site by phosphate ions. PMID- 7306576 TI - Pinocytic uptake and intracellular degradation of N-(2 hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers. A potential drug delivery system. AB - Synthetic 125I-labelled N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers containing four different, potentially degradable peptidyl side chains were incubated with rat visceral yolk sacs cultured in vitro. All copolymers were captured by fluid phase pinocytosis and three of the side chains were susceptible to lysosomal hydrolysis, resulting in release of [125I]iodotyrosine back into the culture medium. Uptake and degradation was completely inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. The thiol-proteinase inhibitor leupeptin did not affect the rate of pinocytosis, but caused different degrees of inhibition of hydrolysis depending on side chain composition. PMID- 7306575 TI - The disposition of citric acid cycle intermediates by isolated rat heart mitochondria. AB - The mechanism of depletion of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates by isolated rat heart mitochondria was studied using hydroxymalonate (an inhibitor of malic enzymes) and mercaptopicolinate (an inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) as tools. Hydroxymalonate inhibited the respiration rate of isolated mitochondria in state 3 by 40% when 2 mM malate was the only external substrate, but no inhibition was found with 2 mM malate plus 0.5 mM pyruvate as substrates. In the presence of bicarbonate, arsenite and ATP propionate was converted to pyruvate and malate at the rates of 14.0 +/- 2.9 and 2.8 +/- 1.8 nmol/mg protein in 5 min, respectively. Under these conditions, 0.1 mM mercaptopicolinate did not affect this conversion, but 2 mM hydroxymalonate inhibited pyruvate formation completely and resulted in an accumulation of malate up to 13.2 +/- 2.9 nmol/mg protein. No accumulation of phosphenolpyruvate was found under any condition tested. It is concluded that malic enzymes but not phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, are involved in conversion of propionate to pyruvate in isolated rat heart mitochondria. PMID- 7306577 TI - Circulating ceruloplasmin is an important source of copper for normal and malignant animal cells. AB - The relative uptake of copper from ceruloplasmin and non-ceruloplasmin plasma pools, by normal and malignant cells, was investigated in vivo and in vitro, using 64Cu and 67Cu. 1. Most of the copper administered intravenously to normal and tumor-bearing rats was removed within 1 h, a substantial portion entering the liver. There were differences in the apparent avidity of individual tissue for ceruloplasmin vs. ionic copper, but when calculated on the basis of actual microgram absorbed, all showed a preference for ceruloplasmin. 2. Appreciable amount of copper from either source were also absorbed by the tumors, and cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells showed a rapid uptake and marked preference for ceruloplasmin over non-ceruloplasmin copper, as did primary rat muscle cell cultures. 3. Ceruloplasmin protein was also absorbed by normal and neoplastic rat tissues, but less rapidly than ceruloplasmin copper, as determined by administration of pure [3H]leucine- or [125I]ceruloplasmin. Copper deficiency did not accelerate this process. 4. It is concluded that, at least in rat, ceruloplasmin is the preferred plasma source of copper for normal and malignant cells, and that the copper on ceruloplasmin turns over more rapidly than the protein moiety, a finding consistent with its role as a copper transport protein. PMID- 7306579 TI - Hormonal control of the development of tryptophan oxygenase in primary cultures of young rat hepatocytes. AB - Developmental increase of tryptophan oxygenase (L-tryptophan: oxygen 2, 3 oxidoreductase (decyclizing), EC 1.13.11.11) was studied using hepatocytes of neonatal rats in primary culture. Hepatocytes from rats of 2-30-days-old were isolated and cultured for 2 days. In cultured hepatocytes of 2-day-old rats, tryptophan (2.5 mM), dexamethasone (1 x 10(-5) M) and glucagon (1 x 10(-7) M) did not cause the appearance of tryptophan oxygenase. But the enzyme activity became detectable, when hepatocytes from 5-day-old rats were incubated with tryptophan, the oxygenase could be induced precociously by dexamethasone, but by glucagon. The effect of glucagon was first seen 2 weeks after birth. However, in hepatocytes of 9-day-old rats glucagon stimulated formation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase activity (EC 2.7.1.37) and also induced tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5). When hepatocytes of 9-day-old rats were cultured for 4 days, their tryptophan oxygenase became inducible by glucagon. Insulin almost completely inhibited precocious appearance of the enzyme activity evoked by tryptophan plus dexamethasone in hepatocytes of 9-day-old rats. These studies suggest that the appearance of tryptophan oxygenase in rat liver during development is due to first the onset of gene coding for tryptophan oxygenase and then stimulation by the sequential actions of glucocorticoid and glucagon. PMID- 7306578 TI - Evidence of increased synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in experimental lead-poisoned rats. AB - delta-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase; 5 aminolevulinate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.24) was purified from rat and rabbit erythrocytes to a homogeneous state. Specific activities were 26.0 and 26.6 units/mg protein for the rat and rabbit enzymes, respectively, and their estimated molecular weight was 280000, each consisting of 8 subunits of Mr 35000. In order to quantitate rat delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase at several stages of lead-poisoning, a radioimmunoassay technique using goat antiserum against the rat enzyme was developed for the first time. This technique was specific, reproducible and highly sensitive allowing determination of ng enzyme. When drinking water containing 25 mM lead acetate was given daily to rats ad lib. the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in the blood, assayed without any pretreatment, decreased to 8% of the control level on the next day. On the contrary, the restored enzyme activity, assayed in the presence of Zn2+ and dithiothreitol, was greater than normal by the fourth day of lead administration in bone-marrow cells and by the ninth day in the peripheral blood. The increased activity level stayed the same from the ninth day onward. The enzyme content as determined directly by the radioimmunoassay technique at this stage was about 2 fold above that the control. There was no significant difference in the number of reticulocytes and the distribution profile of different types of reticulocytes between the lead-exposed and non-exposed rats. Therefore, the increase in the amount of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase in erythrocytes of lead-poisoned rats was suggested to be due to an increased rate of synthesis in the bone-marrow cells. PMID- 7306580 TI - Interaction of immunoglobulins and lipids in human gallbladder bile. AB - The lipoprotein complex from human gallbladder bile was challenged with anti-IgA and anti-IgG antisera in order to determine whether the apolipoprotein complex isolated from the detergent-free form of bile lipoprotein contains IgA and IgG. The apolipoprotein complex indeed crossreacts with anti-IgA and anti-IgG. In addition, the interactions of IgA and IgG with lipids were studied by ultracentrifugation and gel chromatography to determine whether these interactions occur in human bile. PMID- 7306581 TI - UV spectroscopic studies of the binding of malouetine to double-stranded DNA. PMID- 7306582 TI - The interaction between rat plasma alpha 1 inhibitor 3 and chymotrypsin. A protease-protease inhibitor system which gives partially active complexes. AB - Complexation of chymotrypsin with rat alpha 1 inhibitor 3 (alpha 1I3) leads to a significant modification of circular dichroism (CD) spectra in the near ultraviolet. These spectra variations are due to structural changes of the inhibitor resulting from partial proteolysis. Taking advantage of this change in CD spectral properties a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio was determined for the interaction. However, when an excess of inhibitor was present in the mixture, a slow change of the CD spectrum was observed. This was shown to result from a partial proteolysis of native inhibitor identical to that occurring during complex formation. This hydrolysis was due to the remaining activity of the bound enzyme since no significant release of free enzyme from the complex was demonstrated. Addition of human alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 Pi) to dissociate the complex resulted in the formation of an enzymatically inactive ternary complex which gave evidence for the stability of the alpha 1I3 chymotrypsin binding. PMID- 7306584 TI - Synthesis and structural studies of a self-complementary decadeoxynucleotide d(AATTGCAATT). II.-Proton magnetic resonance studies. AB - Proton magnetic resonance spectra of the self-complementary decadeoxynucleotide d(AATTGCAATT) at 90 and 250 MHz have been obtained at different temperatures. The assignment of the different resonance lines to the base protons was obtained by combining the data derived from various methods: hydrogen in equilibrium with deuterium exchange at the H8 position of purines; comparison of NMR spectra obtained at high temperature with those of mononucleotides; comparison of the variations in chemical shifts obtained between 280 K and 360 K with calculated values; determination of half-transition temperatures for each base pair. On the basis of computed chemical shifts for stacked base-pairs it is concluded that the decadeoxynucleotide duplex exists in the B form in solution at 280 K. Propagation of the opening of the mini double helix from terminal to central base pairs if reflected in the variation of half-transition temperatures which vary between 306 K and 327 K. PMID- 7306583 TI - Synthesis and structural studies of a self-complementary decadeoxynucleotide d(AATTGCAATT). I.-Synthesis and chemical characterization of the decanucleotide. AB - The synthesis of the self-complementary decadeoxynucleotide d(AATTGCAATT) is described. The phosphotriester method has been used with several modifications. Protected nucleotides have been prepared in a one-step reaction involving a new monofunctional phosphorylating agent: p-chlorophenyl-beta-cyanoethyl phosphate. Triethylammonium salts of mononucleoside 3'-phosphodiesters were obtained either by decyanoethylation of the triesters or, in the case of thymine, by a one-step reaction starting from 5'-0-methoxytritylthymidine and the mixture pyridine-para chlorophenyl-methyl-phosphorobromidate. The usual coupling reactions were then used to prepare the decadeoxynucleotide in large quantities. PMID- 7306585 TI - Non-histone nuclear proteins in active and involuted rat thymuses. AB - NNP were investigated in rat thymuses in the active phase and in involution. The isolation of NNP was performed from isolated and purified nuclei and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results obtained indicated profound changes in thymus NNP during the observed period of involution. PMID- 7306586 TI - Cholesterylphosphate incorporation in egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles: gel chromatography, and fluorescence polarization studies. PMID- 7306587 TI - Comparative studies of human and porcine pancreatic lipases : N-terminal sequences, sulfhydryl groups and interfacial activity. PMID- 7306588 TI - [Demonstration by chromatofocalization of isoenzymes of sheep brain fucosyltransferase]. AB - Glycoprotein : fucosyltransferase from sheep brain has previously been solubilized with detergent Triton X 100 and prepurified by hydrophobic chromatography on ethyl-agarose. Additional purification was performed using a new method, namely chromatofocalization. With a small column (30 ml) of P B E 94 Pharmacia eluted by a mixture of polybuffers 76 and 94, we were able to separate quickly four isoenzymes of the cerebral fucosyltransferase in the pH range 5-8. With regard to speed and ease, this technique seems to be very useful in purification of glycosyltransferases. PMID- 7306589 TI - Amino-acid sequence determination of a hydrophobic region of bovine rhodopsin. AB - The 50 amino acid residues sequence of a hydrophobic region of bovine rhodopsin, a membrane protein of retinal rod photoreceptors of molecular weight 39,000 was determined. This primary structure determination was performed on the S5 fragment (about 12,000 molecular weight) obtained from 2-(2 nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl 3'bromo-indolenine cleavage of the protein. Automatic Edman degradation used in liquid phase was performed in presence of N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammoniumbromide, a cationic detergent incorporated in the proteic film. S5 is a C terminal rhodopsin fragment and contains the phosphorylation sites. The covalent structure determined overlaps with the sequence of an already known fragment [1]; thus 25 per cent of the rhodopsin primary structure is now elucidated. Our results are in agreement with and chiefly refine the topological model for rhodopsin which correlates its membrane location and its functional sites. PMID- 7306590 TI - Isolation and properties of prophospholipase A2 from human pancreatic juice. AB - Human prophospholipase A2 was purified from pancreatic juice. The protein has a molecular weight of 14500 and a free N-terminal residue identified as aspartic acid (or asparagine). The amino acid composition was determined. Partial immunological identity has been obtained between human and porcine prophospholipase A2. As other phospholipases, the human enzyme requires the presence of calcium for its activity. However, the activity of human phospholipase A2 on egg yolk emulsion is partially inhibited at 0.4 mM calcium concentration, which differs from the porcine homologous enzyme. Kinetics of activation of the two zymogens (human and porcine) by 4 different trypsins (bovine, porcine and human) indicate a difference between the two zymogens only when activated by human trypsins, which suggests a marked specificity of both human trypsins for human prophospholipase. PMID- 7306591 TI - Structural analogs of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether). PMID- 7306592 TI - [Purification, molecular weight and subunit structure of NAD(NADP)-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Chlorella]. AB - The NAD(NADP) dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was isolated from the thermophylic strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Pringsheim 82T. The isolation and purification procedures included fractionation of the proteins with (NH4)2SO4, column chromatography on Bio-Gel A-1,5 m and rechromatography on hydroxyapatite. The enzyme was homogeneous during electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of the oligomeric enzyme is 160 000, that of the subunits is 40 000. The amino acid composition and total number of SH groups were determined. PMID- 7306593 TI - [NAD(NADP)-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Chlorella. Kinetics of inhibition by the reaction products NAD and NADP]. AB - The values of Km and V for NAD(NADP)-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Chlorella for oxidized and reduced pyridine nucleotides were determined. NAD and NADP competitively inhibit the oxidation of NADH and NADPH, respectively. The NADPH- and NADH-dependent activities were shown to be "cross" inhibited by NAD and NADP, the inhibition being of a mixed type. It is concluded that the enzyme has independent sites for binding of coenzymes NAD(H) and NADP(H) or at least these coenzymes are linked by different ways at the same site of the enzyme molecule. PMID- 7306594 TI - [Riboflavin transport in mutant of Pichia guilliermondii yeast with damaged glucose uptake]. AB - The mutant of P. guilliermondii yeast MS-50 which had lost the ability to grow in a glucose-containing medium but not in the presence of sucrose or maltose was selected. The mutant has a damaged glucose uptake from the medium. The riboflavin permease activity of the MS1-50 mutant is not impaired; glucose inhibits the riboflavin uptake by this strain. Thus, riboflavin permease does not promote glucose transport into yeast cells. PMID- 7306595 TI - [Anticholinesterase properties of benzo(f)quinolinium derivatives]. AB - "In vitro" studies have demonstrated that methyl-p-toluene sulfonates of 1-methyl (ethyl)-3-aryl-benzo(f)quinolinium are highly efficient inhibitors of cholinesterases, the inhibition constants (Ki) for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase being equal to 2.20 +/- 0.49 and 9.43 +/- 0.39 mkM, respectively. The effect of these inhibitors on the enzyme is of competitive - non-competitive type. A certain role in benzo(f)quinoline binding to acetylcholinesterase apparently belongs to the interaction of substituents in the phenyl nucleus with the anionic sites located outside the active surface of the enzyme. PMID- 7306596 TI - [Kinetic properties of peroxidase from intact and virus-infected tobacco leaves]. AB - The kinetic properties of peroxidase from tobacco leaves (var. Xanthie and Samsun) infected with various viruses (TMV, Xt and Xy, were compared. The enzyme from intact plant grown under similar conditions was used as control. The pH dependencies of the peroxidase activity for o-dianisidine peroxidation in infected and control plants were identical. Viral infection produces a dramatic effect on the kinetic properties of the enzyme: the KM values for o-dianisidine were decreased by 20-40% and those for H2O2 - by 30-40% in the case of the Samsun var. infected with TMV and Xanthie var. infected with a highly virulent strain of potato X-virus. The decrease of these values in plants infected with a weakly virulent strain of the virus was insignificant. PMID- 7306597 TI - [Enzymatic oxidation of glucose on modified electrodes]. AB - Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) entrapped at the paraelectrode layer of a glass carbon electrode coated with tetracyano-p-quinodimethane, tetracyano-p quinodimethane anion potassium salt, piocyanine. 9.10-phenantrenequinone, dichlorophenolindophenol or dextran-dopamine catalyzes electrochemical oxidation of glucose. The value of maximal current amounts to 67 micro A . cm-2 and depends on the enzyme concentration and the nature of the modifier. The compounds used are substrates for glucose oxidase. The electrocatalytical oxidation of glucose occurs in a mediator fashion. PMID- 7306598 TI - [Some peculiarities of structure and protein composition of chloroplast membranes of pea mutant chlorophyll I]. AB - The morphological properties and polypeptide composition of inner chloroplast membranes of normal and mutant pea plants (nuclear mutant "Chlorophyll I") were compared. The total fractions of chloroplast membranes from both sources were separated in a stepwise sucrose density gradient resulting in two fractions. The major fraction from mutant plants, unlike that from normal plants, does not contain thylakoids of the grana but is represented by reticular and cellulate structures, in which each cell corresponds to a thylakoid of macrograna and whose size exceeds that of normal 3 - 4-fold. In addition the inner membranes of mutant plant chloroplasts do not contain membrane polypeptides with molecular weight of 32 000 and 35 000. PMID- 7306599 TI - [Cathepsin D from chicken liver: irreversible inhibition and localization of catalytically active groups in the heavy chain of the enzyme]. PMID- 7306600 TI - [Effect of temperature on the hydrolysis of some synthetic substrates by thrombin and trypsin]. AB - The effect o temperature on the thrombin- and trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of N(alpha)-arylsulfonyl-L-arginine methyl esters (I) and N(alpha) methoxyphenylsulfonyl-L-valyl-L-arginine methyl ester (II) at pH 8.5 was studied. The non-linearity of the Arrhenius plots of the rate constants for thrombin can be due to changes in the rate-limiting step of the enzymatic reaction. The activation parameters delta G not equal to, delta H not equal to, delta S not equal to were determined. It was shown for both thrombin and trypsin that unfavourable alterations of the entropy of activation decreased with a transition from the substrates (I) to compound II. It was assumed that the low efficiency of hydrolysis of synthetic substrate by thrombin is probably caused by the lack of conformation changes in the enzyme active site, which is probably necessary for a specific catalysis by thrombin. PMID- 7306601 TI - [Effect of thyroxine on the NADH cytochrome c reductase activity of microsomes and outer mitochondrial membrane of rat liver depending on age]. AB - The rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity and cytochrome b5 content in mitochondria and microsomes of liver of 1-, 3-, 12- and 24-month-old rats were studied. Thyroxine injection caused a considerable decrease in the microsomal activity in all age groups under study; in mitochondria this effect was increased with age. The decrease of the cytochrome b5 content was maximal in the microsomes and mitochondria of 12- and 24-month-old animals and was insignificant in 1-month-old rats. It was assumed that the age variations in regulation of the outer mitochondrial membrane function can be due changes in their population. PMID- 7306602 TI - [Mechanism of thermal denaturation of native trypsin and trypsin modified by neutral soluble polymer]. AB - The thermal denaturation of trypsin solutions and trypsin vinylpyrrolidone acrolein copolymer conjugate was studied within the temperature range of 37.5-96 degree. pH 4.5. A mechanism for trypsin thermal denaturation based on its ability to form dimers and determining the minimal stability of the enzyme at 66 degree and its maximal stability at 74 degree is proposed. The thermal denaturation of the trypsin conjugate is of a different type, which depends on the changes in the thermal denaturation mechanism due to its incapability to form dimers. A decrease in the activation and thermodynamic parameters of the enzyme denaturation during its modification is due to the approximation of the protein structure to that of the denatured form, eventually resulting in the enzyme destabilization. The increased stability of the modified protein to the denaturating effects of low temperatures is due to the changes in the denaturation mechanism induced by enzyme modification. PMID- 7306603 TI - [Interaction of monomeric components of nucleic acids with histone and polylysine in the presence of formaldehyde]. AB - The ability of various nucleosides and nucleotides to bind to histone and polylysin upon formaldehyde treatment was investigated. It was shown that in protein or polypeptide preparations the guanine derivatives are present in much greater amounts than other nucleic base derivatives. No synthesis of stable products was observed thereby. It was assumed that the formation of the DNA - histone complex upon nuclear histone treatment with formaldehyde depends on the formaldehyde-induced reaction between the histone and guanine bases of DNA. PMID- 7306604 TI - [Beta-cyanoalanine synthase from white lupin: some catalytic properties]. AB - Highly purified beta-cyanoalanine synthase was prepared from 11-day-old etiolated sprouts of white lupine in the presence of diisopropylfluorophosphate. The enzyme preparations were homogeneous during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; their specific activity exceeded that of the blue lupine enzyme 100-fold. The purification procedure included preparation of mitochondrial acetonated powder, isolation of enzyme, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, fractionation on Sephadex G-100 and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some physico chemical and catalytic properties of the enzyme, e. g. stability upon storage, pH optimum, isoelectric point, amino acid composition, effect of buffers on the enzyme activity, substrate and cosubstrate specificity, etc., were studied. Some properties of the enzyme were found different from those of the blue lupine enzyme. The Km values for the substrates and cosubstrates of cyanoalanine synthase were determined. The effects of some anions and cations on the enzyme activity are described. PMID- 7306605 TI - [Effect of aurintricarboxylic acid on the synthesis of virus-specific subgenome RNA in the tobacco mosaic virus]. PMID- 7306606 TI - [Possible mechanism of the early lesion of bone tissue and articular cartilage in experimental Mycoplasma infection]. PMID- 7306607 TI - [Reactive properties of the rabbit abdominal aorta in experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7306608 TI - [Correlation of the natural and artificial breathing rhythms in electrostimulation of the phrenic nerve]. PMID- 7306609 TI - [Respiratory reactions and the neuronal pulse activity of the lateral zone of the respiratory center in local cooling of its medial structures]. PMID- 7306610 TI - [Use of differential spectrophotometric and multivariate statistical analysis methods for studying the relationship between blood characteristics and oxidative metabolic indices]. PMID- 7306611 TI - [Participation of the lipid peroxidation process in the mechanisms of rhythmic circadian changes of cytochrome P-450 content in the liver endoplasmic reticulum membranes]. PMID- 7306612 TI - [DNA synthesis induction in the rat brain during learning]. PMID- 7306613 TI - Neuropsychological assessment and EEG sleep in affective disorders. AB - The neuropsychological test performance of 76 hospitalized, depressed patients meeting RDC for the presence of affective disorder was assessed as part of a protocol involving amitryptyline (n = 53) or placebo (n = 23). Tests included the Trail-making Test (TMT), the Benton Visual Retention Test, and the Shipley Hartford Scale. Clinical ratings and data concerning the characteristics of EEG sleep were also obtained. Analysis of data collected after a drug-free period of 2 weeks and again at the end of the protocol yielded the following conclusions. Base-line performance was inferior to norms for these tests, but for the TMT, scores were not as poor as that expected for brain-damaged patients. Poor performance was often associated with older age, the presence of psychotic features, and prolonged sleep latencies. Baseline Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS) was predicted best by TMT part B. However, this association was not as strong as that between HRS and poor sleep efficiency. Treatment with drug or placebo had little differential effect upon test performance over the course of the protocol. It is suggested that further research should utilize tests which have specificity in localizing cerebral lesions, so that any focal deficits in brain function in depression might be identified. PMID- 7306614 TI - Acute metabolic response to cold exposure in unipolar and bipolar II patients. AB - The thermoregulatory response to cold exposure was examined in 11 unipolar and 5 bipolar II drug-free outpatients and 12 healthy controls. Subjects were studied in an environmental chamber at 10 C for 60 min. The heat production response was derived from the rate of oxygen consumption measured at 15-min intervals. Rectal and mean skin temperatures were continuously recorded from thermistor probes. Responses of the controls were used to establish a standard range against which the responses of the patients were compared. Six unipolar patients (54.5%) fell outside the standard range (chi 2 = 8.86, df = 1, p less than 0.005). Four of these patients showed a paradoxical decrease in heat production. Responses of the bipolar II patients fell within a narrow segment of the standard range, such that 10 of 12 controls (83.3%) responded outside the segment (chi 2 = 10.12, df = 1, p less than 0.005). These findings indicate that unipolar patients show greater variability and bipolar II patients less variability than controls in thermoregulatory response to cold. These observations extend previous suggestions of hypothalamic-limbic system dysfunction in patients with depression. PMID- 7306615 TI - Evaluation of brain death using somatosensory evoked potentials. AB - Twenty-two patients were tested for somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). All patients had been previously diagnosed as comatose following various types of cerebral insults. SEP was performed to determine if a prognosis of brain death could be made prior to cerebral blood flow arrest or EEG silence. It was found that five patients having eight SEP peak-to-peak latencies contained within 300 msec analysis time eventually awakened from their comatose state. Seventeen patients went from coma to brain death and eventually expired; these patients had fewer than eight peak-to-peak latencies within 500-msec analysis time as well as gross frequency delays and absence of left and right hemispheric symmetry of peaks. A group of 85 normal volunteers were used to establish SEP control base lines. It is concluded that SEP analysis may be a useful adjunct that appears to precede present criteria for brain death and could provide important information on whether potential recovery of a comatose patient may be expected. PMID- 7306616 TI - Quantitative mapping of metabolites of imipramine and desipramine in plasma samples by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. AB - Imipramine and desipramine are known to metabolize primarily by demethylation and hydroxylation. Hydroxy metabolites, 2-hydroxyimipramine and 2-hydroxydesipramine, are reported to be pharmacologically active by in vitro studies. We now report a simple gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric selected ion-monitoring (SIM) method for hydroxy metabolites of imipramine and desipramine from plasma samples using deuterated analogues as internal standards. d4-Internal standards for imipramine, desipramine, and their 2-hydroxy derivatives, were prepared in our laboratory and added to plasma samples, extracted at pH 9 with ethyl acetate, then at pH greater than 11 with hexane-isopropanol. The extracts were combined and evaporated under nitrogen. The trifluoroacetyl derivatives were prepared using N-methyl-bis-trifluoroacetamide and analyses were performed using GC-MS selected ion-monitoring in the electron ionization mode. Hydroxylation to 2 hydroxy metabolites varied widely between subjects. We also noticed in vivo methylation of desipramine to imipramine as a pathway of its metabolism in 15% of the subjects. It is suggested that plasma levels of all active metabolites must be considered in the assessment of the relationship of plasma levels of the drug to clinical response. PMID- 7306617 TI - Neuropathology of the brain stem in psychiatric disorders. AB - The brain stem was examined in a series of 27 autopsy cases for a possible association of microscopic changes and primary psychiatric disorder. Seven cases were found to have brain stem microglial nodules or perivascular infiltrates in association with a range of CNS pathological conditions. One of eight schizophrenic and none of four primary affective disorder patients showed brain stem pathology. While evident in many forms of coarse brain disease, brain stem microscopic changes do not appear related to primary psychiatric disorder. PMID- 7306618 TI - Cerebellar pacemaker patients: an update. AB - Of the initial group of 38 patients in whom we have used cerebellar stimulation for treatment of intractable behavioral pathology, 25 continue to have beneficial effects. However, there have been significant technical problems due to failure of the equipment. While impairing treatment, these complications have provided inadvertent controls. The procedure must still be considered developmental at this time, despite promising therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 7306619 TI - Intestinal pharmacomanometry and glucose tolerance: evidence for two antagonistic dopaminergic mechanisms in the human. AB - In this article cumulative data are presented dealing with the existence of more than one dopamine receptor in mammals. In addition, evidence is presented for the existence of two antagonistic dopamine-functional expressions in the human. This fact, along with the disclosure of new dopaminergic agonistic and antagonistic drugs, should prove useful in the management of diseases in which these drugs have proven to be good therapeutic tools. PMID- 7306620 TI - Neurochemical abnormalities in anorexia nervosa: similarities to affective disorders. AB - Certain investigators have asserted that the illness of anorexia nervosa is a form of hypothalamic disturbance. The relationship between 24-hr urine 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and dexamethasone suppression tests was examined in 13 female patients with AN diagnosed by RDC. Patients showed a consistent association between low urine MHPG and failure to suppress to dexamethasone. In addition, family histories of index cases showed a high percentage of relatives with either primary affective disorder or alcoholism. These results are evidence in support of an hypothesis of hypothalamic dysfunction in AN. Furthermore, these biochemical parameters are also found to be abnormal in PAD. These data, coupled with the genetic material, suggest a link between AN and PAD. PMID- 7306621 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase inhibition as a potential indicator of favorable response to MAOI's in geriatric depressions. PMID- 7306622 TI - Superovulatory doses of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin cause delayed implantation and infertility in immature rats. PMID- 7306623 TI - Effects of a superovulatory dose of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin on ovarian function, serum estradiol, and progesterone levels and early embryo development in immature rats. PMID- 7306624 TI - Ovarian function and early embryo development in immature rats given a superovulatory dose of PMSG, later neutralized by antiserum. PMID- 7306625 TI - Relaxin activity in the pregnant mare. PMID- 7306626 TI - Effect of an aromatase inhibitor (4-acetoxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione) on the stimulatory action of luteinizing hormone on estradiol-17 beta synthesis by rat preovulatory follicles in vitro. PMID- 7306627 TI - Estrogen, progesterone, and the blood-uterine lumen permeability barrier in rats. PMID- 7306629 TI - Transfer of steroids across the hamster blood testis and blood epididymal barriers. PMID- 7306628 TI - Hypothalamic luteinizing hormone (LH): characteristics and response to hypophysectomy. PMID- 7306630 TI - Relationship between uterine progesterone and fetal development in pigs. PMID- 7306631 TI - Turkey prolactin: purification by isotachophoresis and partial characterization. PMID- 7306632 TI - Changes in the zones pellucidae and plasmalemma of aging mouse eggs. PMID- 7306633 TI - Influence of blood serum from bulls and heifers on head-to-head agglutination and acrosomal maintenance in bovine spermatozoa. PMID- 7306634 TI - Effect of alloimmunization and heteroimmunization with zonae pellucidae on fertility in rabbits. PMID- 7306635 TI - Luteal function in baboons with administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) throughout the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 7306636 TI - Inhibitory effects of substrate analogs on lactate production from fructose and glucose in bovine spermatozoa. PMID- 7306637 TI - Effect of geographical origin on the photoperiodic control of reproduction in the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus. PMID- 7306638 TI - Prolactin: the hypophyseal factor that terminates embryonic diapause in mink. PMID- 7306639 TI - In vivo uptake of 125 I-Relaxin in the guinea pig. PMID- 7306641 TI - Comparison of the species specificity of gonadotropin binding to primate and nonprimate corpora lutea. PMID- 7306640 TI - Inhibitory effect of estradiol-17 beta on human chorionic gonadotropin-induced increment of testicular blood flow and plasma testosterone concentration in rats. PMID- 7306642 TI - Turkey prolactin: validation of a radioimmunoassay and measurement of changes associated with broodiness. PMID- 7306643 TI - Visualization of binding and internalization of a horseradish peroxidase-hCG conjugate by monkey luteal cells. PMID- 7306644 TI - Fertilization by guinea pig spermatozoa requires potassium ions. PMID- 7306645 TI - Sperm-coating antigens secreted by the epididymis and seminal vesicle of the rat. PMID- 7306646 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy on day 12 of pregnancy on ovarian steroidogenesis in the rat. PMID- 7306647 TI - [Characteristics of luteal function in the superovulated, pseudopregnant hamster]. PMID- 7306648 TI - Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of in situ estrogen concentration by individual cell types of mouse target organs: dose-uptake study. PMID- 7306649 TI - Relative and combined effects of low temperature, poor diet, and short daylength on the productivity of wild house mice. PMID- 7306650 TI - Depressant effects of sexual rest on reproductive behavior and physiology in male rats. PMID- 7306651 TI - Further effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compounds on blastocyst hatching in vitro and implantation rates in the mouse. PMID- 7306652 TI - Movement characteristics of hamster and guinea pig spermatozoa upon attachment to the zona pellucida. PMID- 7306653 TI - Endocrine and body weight changes of nesting and non-nesting Canada geese. PMID- 7306654 TI - LH-stimulable adenylyl cyclase activity during the ovulatory cycle in granulosa cells of the three largest follicles and the postovulatory follicle of the domestic hen (Gallus domesticus). PMID- 7306655 TI - Changes in trophic and functional parameters of the rat epididymis during sexual maturation. PMID- 7306656 TI - Rates of uteroglobin synthesis by endometrial explants from different days of early pregnancy in the rabbit. PMID- 7306657 TI - Regional differences in synthesis, intracellular transport, and secretion of protein in the mouse epididymis. PMID- 7306658 TI - Are lysosomes involved in the regression of the male fetal Mullerian ducts? PMID- 7306659 TI - [Indirect blood pressure measurement with a two-probe-ultrasound system (author's transl)]. AB - A two-probe-ultrasound system is described as an example of the indirect measurement of blood pressure. Possible errors of the indirect method as well as attempts of improvement are shown. To receive a separate detection of the systolic, respectively the diastolic pressure, one probe of the two-probe system is fixed to the arteria radialis, the other to the arteria brachialis. The determination of the "Nulkriterium" (coincidence of the pneumatic cuff pressure and the arterial pressure) can be performed either by the investigator or automatically. The measuring systems shows the following advantages: 1. Use of a more reliable "Nulkriterium" (measurement of hypotonic blood pressure values which could no longer be measured by means of the Riva-Rocci/Korotkoff-procedure; no auscultatoric gap appeared at about 20 000 single measurements). 2. No falsification of systolic values by suprasystolic noises (two-probe principle; measurement of the systolic blood pressure by means of a probe outside the region of the pneumatic cuff). 3. Errors which come up by the expectation of the investigator or by the reading of the manometer can be avoided dependent on the mode of the system. The automatic measurement (dynamical compression, selection of frequencies, electronic threshold, delayed ECG coincidence) led to no satisfactory results, especially referring to the diastolic values. Principle criteria, however, come up which should be fulfilled with the construction of an automatic system of indirect blood pressure measurement. A better automatic measurement may be expected, if instead of the "threshold principle" used here a signal analysis is performed by microprocessors. The example of an intraarterial measurement of blood pressure demonstrates the phenomenon of a "mock auscultatoric gap" because of the spontaneous variability of the arterial pressure decreasing for a short time faster than the pneumatic cuff pressure. PMID- 7306660 TI - Production of single pore membranes for the measurement of red blood cell deformability. AB - For the determination of the deformability of individual red blood cells, a measuring device was developed, simulating the passage of individual red blood cells in capillaries of the nutritive microcirculatiuon. The kernel of this device, described here, is a single pore membrane 4--6 microns in diameter and 10 to 50 microns in length. The combination of a heavy ion accelerator (containing a faster shutter system) with nuclear tract technology makes possibly the manufacture of a large number of single pore membranes necessary for clinical and pharmaceutical tests. PMID- 7306661 TI - [Adhesives in surgery of the skeleton system, part 2: the adhesive strength from 22 adhesives in bone surgery (author's transl)]. AB - For the first time all relevant adhesive groups were analyzed for their adhesive strength in bone-surgery. After having glued bone pieces in a special designed system, the tensil- and shearing-strength was determined. All adhesives showed a loss of adhesive strength under in vivo-conditions. Moderate moisture increased the tensile strength in some adhesives. While the fibrin adhesive had only a low adhesive strength under simulated in vivo-conditions, the adhesives containing gelatine, epoxy resin or acrylates reached reasonable results. The relationship between chemical structure and adhesive strength will be further used for the development of a special bone adhesive as a new surgeon's tool. PMID- 7306662 TI - [A new test procedure to examine the stability of external fixation clamps- demonstrated with the Stuhler-Heise external fixation system (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental investigation of stabilty for examination of the efficiency of external fixation clamps required different testing procedures and measuring arrangementsz which is due to variant assessment parameters and natures of load. Here is a description of a measuring equipment which could be applied for all important cases of load. In relation to the entire experimental arrangement it also enables the testing of all external fixation assemblies. Deviations of the poroximal fragment caused by loading, are considered as assessment parameters of the stability. This measuring set was practically applied on simulated defect fractures, stabilized by the Stuhler-Heise external fixation system. During a combined bending strain the stability degree of various two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional external fixation clamps for application on tibias was determined. PMID- 7306663 TI - Critical effects from lipid-protein interaction in membranes. I. Theoretical description. AB - The ordered-fluid phase transition in lipid membranes is described within the framework of the Landau theory, a general theory for phase transitions. The long range order of lipids is characterized by the orientational order of the hydrocarbon chains implying the ordered-fluid transition to be of first order. Approaching the transition from either side, thermodynamic fluctuations and response functions are shown to increase, e.g. the specific heat, the lateral compressibility, the permeability, and the lateral diffusion coefficient. A protein molecule incorporated in the membrane is represented as a boundary condition on the lipid order at the protein surface. In the surrounding lipid the perturbation falls off exponentially with the coherence length. Assuming the protein molecules to be distributed homogeneously in the membrane plane and the boundary condition to be temperature independent, the protein-induced shift of the transition temperature and the latent heat is calculated. The latent heat decreases linearly with the protein concentration until it vanishes at a critical point. The critical protein concentration is determined by the ratios of the coherence length to lipid and protein radii in the membrane plane. At the critical point the lipid specific heat, lateral compressibility, permeability, and lateral diffusion coefficient become maximal. PMID- 7306665 TI - Rotation of sickle cells in homogeneous magnetic fields. AB - Deoxygenated sickle cells (HbS) have been shown to orient in homogeneous magnetic fields because of magnetic anisotropy of the hemes. The time of rotation is proportional to 1/H2 and is in agreement with theory. Structural information concerning the orientation of HbS molecules in the fibers is obtained from these experiments and is shown to agree substantially with existing models. PMID- 7306664 TI - Physical properties of lipid monolayers on alkylated planar glass surfaces. AB - A method for transferring a lipid monolayer from an air-water interface to an alkylated glass slide is described. Specific antibodies bind tightly to lipid haptens contained in these monolayers on the glass slides. We conclude that the polar head groups of the lipids face the aqueous phase. A monolayer containing a fluorescent lipid was used to show that the monolayer is homogeneous as observed with an epifluorescence microscope. A periodic pattern photobleaching technique was used to measure the lateral diffusion of this fluorescent lipid probe in monolayers composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. Different regions of the pressure-area isotherms of the monolayers at the air-water interface can be correlated with the diffusion of the fluorescent probe molecules on the monolayer-coated glass slide. Monolayers derived from the so-called "solid-condensed" state of a monolayer at the air water interface showed a very low probe diffusion coefficient in this monolayer when placed on a glass slide, D 10(-8) cm(2)/s) when these same monolayers were observed on an alkylated glass slide. The monolayers attached to the glass slide appear to be homogeneous when derived from monolayers in the LC/LE region of monolayers at the air-water interface. There is no major variation of the diffusion coefficient of a fluorescent lipid probe when this diffusion is measured on a lipid monolayer on a glass slide, for monolayers derived from various regions of the LC/LE monolayers at the air-water interface. This is consistent with the view that the LC/LE region is most likely a single fluid phase. Monolayers supported on a planar glass substrate are of much potential interest for biophysical and biochemical studies of the interactions between model membranes and cellular membranes, and for physical chemical studies relating the properties of lipid monolayers to the properties of lipid bilayers. PMID- 7306666 TI - Voltage dependence of the capacitance and area of black lipid membranes. PMID- 7306667 TI - Synthesis of biologically active cyclic peptides. PMID- 7306668 TI - Strategy for the synthesis of large peptides: an application to the total synthesis of human parathyroid hormone [hPTH (1-84)]. PMID- 7306669 TI - Conformation and activity in angiotensin II peptides. PMID- 7306670 TI - Some aspects of the relationship between the structure of a bitter diketopiperazine and its receptor. PMID- 7306673 TI - Symposium on mass spectrometry: the search for zero. PMID- 7306674 TI - Mass spectrometry in food analysis. PMID- 7306671 TI - Mutations and protein stability. PMID- 7306672 TI - Tobacco mosaic virus as a carrier for small molecules: artificial receptor antibodies and superhormones. PMID- 7306675 TI - Sequence analysis of polypeptides by collision activated dissociation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. AB - A new approach to the direct sequencing of oligopeptides in complex mixtures is described. Mixtures of [2Ho]/[2H3]-N-acetylated and N,O-permethylated peptides are analyzed by collision activate dissociation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using isobutane chemical ionization. Analysis of the collision activated dissociation spectra enables peptide sequences to be deduced. Use of electron capture negative chemical ionization for the sequence analysis of neuropeptides at the picomole level is also described. PMID- 7306676 TI - Organic compounds near dumpsites in Niagara Falls, New York. AB - Water and sediment samples were taken from sites adjacent to hazardous waste disposal areas in Niagara Falls, New York. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. The following compounds were identified: chlorobenzenes, chlorotoluenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives, cyclohexane derivatives, polychlorinated biphenyls, trichlorophenol and other phenols, benzotrifluorides, mirex and phenothiazine. A large number of benzyl derivatives and unusual fluorinated compounds were also found; they were probably waste by-products of industrial chemical production. The hazardous waste disposal sites were probably the major sources for most of the compounds. PMID- 7306677 TI - The importance of natural variabilities in the total analytical scheme. AB - Concentrations of synthetic organics and trace metals in tissues or sediment may vary by hundreds of percents even when replicate samples are collected from the same biological population, i.e. school of fish, or the same location on the bottom of the stream. Without a knowledge of these variations, decisions based on analytical data interpretations are difficult and often in error. Some reasons for these variations will be discussed, with examples presented from field data which include: trace metals and pesticides in bottom sediments, pesticides in suspended sediments and plankton, pesticides in fish populations and trace metals in mollusks. PMID- 7306678 TI - The incorporation of toxic organic chemicals into food chains. AB - The influences of toxic chemicals in man and wildlife are traced from the earliest records. A comprehensive description of wildlife whose populations have suffered from suspected toxic chemical causes is provided. The long-term and long distance transport of ocean and air currents demonstrate that the impacts of certain pollutants can be delayed, and, once initiated, continued for years past the initiating events. Current toxicological and analytical chemistry approaches to describing and predicting impacts from toxic chemicals are not powerful enough to attack and overcome the problems of the future. PMID- 7306679 TI - Quantitative mass spectrometry. AB - The basic principle in quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry is the measurement of a signal representative of the mass of the analyte relative to a known amount of an internal mass standard. To ensure that the signal is representative of the particular substance to be measured and not a result of some other substance in the biological matrix, a range of analytical methods have been employed. Combination of mass spectrometry with chromatographic (gas or liquid) separations and selective chemical derivatization frequently allows quantification of substances at the ppm and ppb level. Below the ppb level, new problems arise due to mass spectrometric sensitivity and chromatographic separation resolution with resulting debate regarding the specificity and significance of quantitative data. Successful high sensitivity (ppt) plasma analysis of the pineal hormone melatonin is described and critically compared with conflicting analytical data. A second area of application of quantitative mass spectrometry is the establishment of absolute or definitive reference measurements which require rigorous error minimization. Conflicting results published by two laboratories regarding methods for the definitive measurement of serum cholesterol are compared. PMID- 7306680 TI - Carcinogen binding to DNA. AB - A key initiating event in the induction of neoplasia by a chemical carcinogen is believed to be the covalent reaction of the carcinogen with the DNA of the target cell. Most carcinogens are not biologically active as such, but require metabolic conversion to a chemically reactive form (ultimate carcinogen). Chemical carcinogens undergo an extremely complex set of metabolic reactions, leading for the most part to inactive detoxification products as well as reactive electrophilic species. Direct structural identification of the carcinogen-DNA adduct will (1) immediately confirm that the chemical is acting as a potential carcinogen under a given set of circumstances; and (2) directly identify those critical metabolic pathways which are involved in the metabolism of the chemical to a carcinogenic form rather than an inactive detoxification product. The direct structural identification of carcinogen-DNA adducts represents a formidable analytical challenge, since only picomolar quantities can be isolated. The advent of newer ionization techniques, such as field desorption and mass spectrometric based separation techniques capable of handling mixtures, are proving to be essential for the characterization of such structures. Examples of nucleic acid carcinogen adduct structure characterizations that have led to fundamental insights into the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis will be discussed, and future trends in mass spectrometry that have a direct bearing on these difficult problems will be pointed out. PMID- 7306681 TI - Quantitative profiling analysis of organic acids in complex mixtures. AB - The simultaneous detection and quantitative determination of a very large number of metabolites in physiological fluids or tissues, and the subsequent comparison of these data with reference values, is a process which has commonly been called 'metabolic profiling' analysis. Profiles generated by gas-liquid chromatography on packed or capillary columns are readily analyzed by mass spectrometry, utilizing reverse library search procedures to identify individual components. Emphasis will be given here to procedures for the pre-purification of organic acids from plasma, to the use of quartz capillaries for metabolic profiling analysis, and to the sensitivity of this method for trace components. PMID- 7306682 TI - Tandem mass spectrometry in trace toxicant analysis. AB - Mass spectrometers coupled in series offer a promising technique for quantitative analysis of trace constituents in complex mixtures. Despite the relatively high cost and complexity of such instruments, this technique appears to be particularly promising in terms of the sensitivity, specificity, and speed of analysis for targeted compounds in body fluids, foods and other biological mixtures. PMID- 7306683 TI - 252Californium plasma desorption mass spectrometry. AB - The mass spectrometry of involatile molecules presents problems not encountered when the molecule can be volatilized and subsequently ionized in the gas phase. The production of ions from a condensed phase is sensitively dependent on the properties of the matrix. The presence of impurities in the sample can totally quench molecular ion formation even though the sample contains a high percentage of the molecule of interest. One of the methods used for the mass spectrometry of involatile molecules is 252Californium plasma desorption mass spectrometry. The basic principles of this method will be presented with examples of its application that include the identification of involatile marine toxins (including the red tide toxins). We shall also introduce a new variation in mass spectrometry, a study of time-dependent effects, a technique that can be used to follow dynamic changes as a result of chemical reactions occurring in the sample at room temperature. This is possible in 252Californium plasma desorption mass spectrometry because the sample is conserved during the analysis. PMID- 7306684 TI - Combined high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - Combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry, because of its ability to provide both high sensitivity and specificity, has become a vital technique for the identification and quantitation of natural and synthetic chemicals in a wide variety of areas. Unfortunately, a very large number of organic compounds are not directly amenable to gas chromatography since they are thermally labile and/or of low volatility. Chemical modification of compounds of interest can assist in some cases, but it is not universally applicable. High performance liquid chromatography has been increasingly utilized for studies of compounds of these types since heat is not usually involved in the analysis. Combined liquid chromatography mass spectrometry would lend a new dimension to these studies, enabling the separating ability of the liquid chromatograph to be combined with the sensitivity and specificity of the mass spectrometer. Approaches to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry are discussed. Using examples from our liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric studies of natural compounds, drugs and pesticides, the current abilities of such systems to identify and quantify natural and synthetic chemicals present in a complex matrix of other chemicals are described. PMID- 7306685 TI - Dental enamel matrix: sequences of two amelogenin polypeptides. AB - The amino acid sequences of a leucine-rich amelogenin polypeptide (LRAP) and a tyrosine-rich amelogenin polypeptide (TRAP), isolated from foetal bovine enamel matrix, were determined. Both LRAP and TRAP occurred in two forms; in each case, one of the molecular species appeared to be shortened at the COOH terminus by 2 and 4 residues, respectively. A striking finding was that LRAP and TRAP had identical sequences for the first 33 residues but were almost completely different for the remaining 12 amino acids. PMID- 7306686 TI - A new model for packing of type-I collagen molecules in the native fibril. AB - A specific fibril model is presented consisting of bundles of five-stranded microfibrils, which are usually disordered (except axially) but under lateral compression become ordered. The features are as follows (where D = 234 residues or 67 nm): (1) D-staggered collagen molecules 4.5 D long in the helical microfibril have a left-handed supercoil with a pitch of 400-700 residues, but microfibrils need not have helical symmetry. (2) straight-tilted 0.5-D overlap regions on a near-hexagonal lattice contribute the discrete x-ray diffraction reflections arising from lateral order, while the gap regions remain disordered. (3) The overlap regions are equivalent, but are crystallographically distinguished by systematic displacements from the near-hexagonal lattice. (4) The unit cell is the same as in a recently proposed three-dimensional crystal model, and calculated intensities in the equatorial region of the x-ray diffraction pattern agree with observed values. PMID- 7306687 TI - Purification and characterization of amino-terminal pro-opiocortin peptides from human pituitary glands. AB - Two cystine-containing peptides isolated from human pituitaries were partially sequenced. The peptides are fragments derived from the amino-terminal of pro opiocortin (NPOC) and have been chemically characterized as NPOC 1-28 (which lacks gamma-MSH) and NPOC 2-59. Their availability enables us to investigate new putative biological roles for the amino-terminal conserved sequence of pro opiocortin. PMID- 7306688 TI - The heterogeneous distribution of beta-glucuronidase in purified Golgi membranes. AB - An improved procedure for the preparation of purified Golgi membranes by upward flotation is described. The mode of binding of membrane fragments to an affinity adsorbent specific for beta-glucuronidase shows that this enzyme has a heterogeneous distribution in Golgi membranes. PMID- 7306689 TI - Preliminary evidence that thrombin may mimic a naturally occurring proteinase in cultured cells. AB - A neutral proteinase has been purified from the membranes of human leukocytes. Antibodies to this enzyme inhibit its proteolytic activity, and inhibit the growth of cultured human fibroblasts. This growth inhibition is apparently reversed by added thrombin. PMID- 7306690 TI - A note of plane Poiseuille flow of couple stress fluid. PMID- 7306691 TI - Biorheological aspects of blood flow through artery with mild stenosis : effects of peripheral layer. PMID- 7306692 TI - Metabolic requirements of contractile force generation in platelet rich plasma - a rheological study. PMID- 7306693 TI - On the rheology of viscous drops surrounded by an elastic shell. PMID- 7306694 TI - Steric hindrance effects on the time dependent diffusion of plasmalemma vesicles across vascular endothelium. PMID- 7306695 TI - Thixotropy of blood and red blood cell suspensions. PMID- 7306696 TI - Preliminary report on platelet concentration in capillary tube flows of whole blood. PMID- 7306697 TI - Non-linear viscoelastic properties of cervical mucus. PMID- 7306698 TI - Changes in surface area and volume measured by micropipette aspiration for erythrocytes ageing in vivo. PMID- 7306699 TI - The presence and release of alpha 2-antiplasmin from human platelets. AB - An antigen immunochemically indistinguishable from plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin, the primary plasmin inhibitor, was detected in human platelets. By radioimmunoassay, 33-114 ng alpha 2-antiplasmin antigen was quantitated in the detergent-soluble extract of 10(9) washed human platelets from 10 normal donors with a mean level of 62 +/- 24 ng/10(9) platelets. Plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin, either in the platelet suspending medium or on the surface of the platelets, could account for less than 8% of the antigen present in the platelet extracts. When stimulated with thrombin, the platelets released alpha 2-antiplasmin antigen without cell lysis, and greater than 85% of the alpha 2-antiplasmin antigen was released at a high thrombin dose. At a lower dose of thrombin, alpha 2 antiplasmin and platelet factor 4 were partially released without concomitant secretion of serotonin. No alpha 2-antiplasmin antigen was detected in extracts or red blood cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and adherent and nonadherent mononuclear cells. Thus, the platelet is the only peripheral blood cell containing significant amounts of alpha 2-antiplasmin. PMID- 7306700 TI - Ultrastructural localization of nonspecific esterase activity in guinea pig and human monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes. AB - Using either hexazotized pararosaniline or new fuchsin as coupling agents, we investigated the ultrastructural localization of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity in guinea pig bone marrow and peritoneal exudates, and in human peripheral blood cells. DFP-inhibitable ANAE activity was present on the cell surface of lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, megakaryocytes, platelets, and blasts. Demarcation lines in megakaryocytes and the perinuclear cisternae in normoblasts were also positive. In addition, lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages displayed ANAE activity associated with cytoplasmic-vesicle clusters (CVC). Reaction product was always present on the cytoplasmic surfaces of these vesicles and in the adjacent cytoplasm; vesicle interiors were invariably ANAE-negative. Small lymphocytes generally had a single large paranuclear ANAE-positive CVC, whereas mononuclear phagocytes had multiple discrete foci of similar appearing ANAE-positive CVC that sometime became confluent. ANAE activity was also found in the Gall bodies of human lymphocytes and in coated vesicles of macrophages. Cytoplasmic ANAE activity was increased in oil-induced guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Both surface and cytoplasmic esterase activities had a neutral pH optimum. An identical distribution of reaction product was observed when alpha-naphthyl butyrate was employed as substrate. The function of these esterases, and their relation to known surface and cytoplasmic neutral proteases, awaits further investigation. PMID- 7306701 TI - Mouse megakaryocytes secrete acetylcholinesterase. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), an essentially specific and early marker of rodent thrombocytic series, in several tissues acts both as a constituent of the cellular membrane and as a secretory enzyme. This study presents the ultrastructural transport and fate of this substance in the megakaryocytes of mouse bone marrow, using Tranum-Jensen and Behnke's adaptation of the indirect thiocholine method. It is shown that megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes undergo a typical secretory cycle consisting of (1) enzyme synthesis and segregation on the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope, (2) enzyme concentration in AchE vesicles and AchE-granules formed from the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, and (3) discharge in the demarcation membrane system and extracellular space. The AchE-vesicles and granules appear to be hitherto unrecognized megakaryocytic organelles as they do not resemble alpha nor the dense granules, and their mode of formation and fate differ from those of primary lysosomes and peroxidase granules. Released platelets reveal AchE activity in the open canalicular system. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that by controlling acetylcholine concentration in hematopoietic tissues, the secretion of AchE by megakaryocytes can modulate the proliferative activity of megakaryocytes progenitors. PMID- 7306702 TI - Intranuclear crystalloids associated with abnormal granules in eosinophilic leukocytes. AB - Ultrastructural evaluation of eosinophilic leukocytes from a 2-yr-old asymptomatic girl with chronic benign neutropenia (CBN) revealed a variety of morphological abnormalities. All eosinophils obtained from blood and marrow specimens contained multipole microcrystalloids in most of the mature cytoplasmic granules. An increase in crystalloid-free, immature granules in late (bilobed nuclei) eosinophils suggested a delay in granule maturation. The eosinophil granules appeared to be of normal size and demonstrated normal acid phosphatase reactivity. Eosinophilic myelocytes contained abnormal cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and lacked abundant elongated RER cisternae seen in normal cells. A few eosinophilic myelocytes in specimens of bone marrow from the child contained large intranuclear crystalloids measuring up to 3 mu in length. The intranuclear crystalloid contained as cubic lattice of dense material with a periodicity similar to that described for cytoplasmic crystalloids. The ultrastructural morphology of marrow neutrophils was normal, as described in other cases of CBN. Ultrastructural examination of blood eosinophils from the father demonstrated microcrystalloids in cytoplasmic granules identical to those seen in the child. The father was asymptomatic and had normal leukocyte counts. Thus, anomalous crystalloid granule genesis occurred in the father and daughter and was not necessarily associated with neutropenia or clinical symptomatology. This anomaly is associated with the accumulation of intranuclear crystalloid material in eosinophilic myelocytes, which do not appear to be released from the marrow compartment. PMID- 7306703 TI - Autosomal Dominant familial erythrocytosis due to autonomous erythropoietin production. AB - A family is described in which four members spanning three consecutive generations have erythrocytosis associated with a normal hemoglobin oxygen affinity. When bone marrow from one affected family member was cultured in vitro, erythroid colonies formed only when erythropoietin was added to the culture. Serum erythropoietin, measured by radioimmunoassay, was significantly elevated above normal in each of the affected family members. Bioassayable erythropoietin was detected in the urine of two of the three affected family members. In two of the affected family members, erythropoietin was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay and in urine by bioassay before and for 4 days following an isovolemic phlebotomy, which reduced the red cell mass by 20%. Neither serum nor urinary erythropoietin levels changes following phlebotomy. The erythrocytosis in this family appears to be secondary to inappropriately increased erythropoietin production unassociated with a decrease in the blood oxygen-carrying capacity. This is the first instance in which autonomous erythropoietin production appears to be inherited on an autosomal dominant basis. PMID- 7306704 TI - Serum erythropoietin (EST) titers in anemia. AB - Erythropoietin (ESF) titers were determined in sera from patients with different types of anemia using the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay. An inverse relationship was found between hemoglobin concentration and ESF titer. However, ESF titers differed markedly between patients at comparable degrees of anemia. Several groups of patients were distinguished on the basis of the activity of their erythroid bone marrow. In each of these groups, a significant negative correlation was found between the hemoglobin concentration and the logarithm of the ESF titer. ESF titers in patients with pure red cell aplasia were fourfold higher than those in patients with iron-deficiency anemia and tenfold higher than those in patients with megaloblastic anemia and homozygous sickle cell anemia at comparable hemoglobin concentrations. Following the initiation of specific therapy in patients with pernicious anemia and patients wit iron-deficiency anemia, serum ESF titers were found to decrease prior to any substantial rise in hemoglobin concentrations. In the patients with pernicious anemia, the lowest ESF levels were found 1 day after administration of vitamin B12, whereas in the patients with iron-deficiency anemia, the lowest ESF levels were reached in the second week of oral iron therapy. ON the basis of these data it was concluded that serum ESF titers in anemic patients are not only inversely related to the hemoglobin concentration but also to the activity of the erythroid bone marrow. PMID- 7306705 TI - Serum erythropoietin (ESF) titers in polycythemia. AB - Serum ESF titers were measured in 42 polycythemic patients using the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay. ESF titers in patients with secondary polycythemia differed significantly from those in patients with polycythemia vera (p less than 0.0001). Among the 21 patients with secondary polycythemia, 1 patient had an ESF titer less than 10 mU/ml (the lower limit of sensitivity) and 20 had ESF titers that ranged between 11 and 112 mU/ml, with a mean titer of 56 mU/ml. Among the 21 patients with polycythemia vera, 13 patients had ESF titers less than 10 mU/ml and 8 had ESF titers ranging between 12 and 55 mU/ml, with a mean titer of 26 mU/ml. The mean hemoglobin concentration in the 8 patients with ESF titers greater than 10 mU/ml was significantly below that in the 13 polycythemia vera patients with ESF titers less than 10 mU/ml (p less than 0.03). If ESF titers less than 10 mU/ml had been indicative of polycythemia vera and ESF titers greater than 10 mU/ml had been indicative of secondary polycythemia in patients with hemoglobin concentrations greater than 17.7 g/dl, but not indicative of either condition in patients with hemoglobin concentrations less than 17.7 g/dl, 71.5% of the polycythemic patients in this study would have been diagnosed correctly, 9.5% incorrectly, and in the 19% the diagnosis would have remained uncertain. It was concluded that measurement of serum ESF titers using this in vitro bioassay can be of clinical importance in differentiating between polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia. PMID- 7306707 TI - Pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM) in polycythemia vera: analysis of erythropoietin requirement and proliferative activity. AB - Pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM) give rise to multilineage hemopoietic colonies in culture. We have examined the erythropoietin requirements of CFU-GEMM-derived erythroid progeny in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and studied their proliferative activity by short-term exposure to 3HTdR. Mixed colonies with erythroid components were observed in all bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from patients with PV that were cultured without addition of exogenous erythropoietin. This response is consistent with previously reported growth patterns for CFU-E and BFU-E. The frequency of mixed colonies increased regularly when erythropoietin was added to the cultures. Short-term exposure of peripheral blood specimens to 3HTdR prior to plating yielded a reduction of the plating efficiency by 20%-70% when compared to cells that were not exposed to 3HTdR. The observation of cycling CFU-GEMM in PV contrasts with the usually quiescent behavior of CFU-GEMM in peripheral blood of normal individuals under steady-state conditions. These results support the view that the increased proliferative rate observed for CFU-GEMM may be responsible for the increased formation of blood cells in PV. PMID- 7306706 TI - Survival of patients with localized diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. AB - Twenty-eight patients with previously untreated diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) were identified to be in pathologic stage (PS) I (11), IE (3), II (8), or IIE (6) by exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy. Six patients were treated with total nodal radiotherapy; 14 with an extended mantle; 5 with an inverted Y or whole abdomen; and 3 with an involved field. Twenty-six patients achieved a complete remission (93%) and 2 patients had persistent local disease. The median survival and disease-free survival and for the complete response group are 56 and 51.5 mo, respectively. Ten of the 11 stage I or IE patients had supradiaphragmatic lymph node disease. Patients with stage I or IE disease (n = 14) demonstrated a median survival of 72.5 mo and a median disease-free survival of 69.5 mo; there was 1 disease-related death. Patients with stage II or IIE disease (n = 14) demonstrated a median survival of 33 mo and median disease-free survival of 29.5 mo; there were 10 relapses or deaths. Patients in stages I, IE, II, or IIE with infradiaphragmatic disease (n = 7) had a median survival of 36 mo, while patients with supradiaphragmatic presentation (n = 21) demonstrated median survival of 68 mo (p = 0.37). The data indicate that patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with stage I supradiaphragmatic lymph node disease are curable using radiotherapy alone, achieving a 93% 11-yr actuarial disease-free survival. Patients with stage II or IIE diseases are not readily curable with radiation therapy alone, achieving a 33% 11-yr actuarial disease-free survival; radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone should be considered for this group. PMID- 7306708 TI - Use of an electronic particle counter to determine the number of young Daphnia magna in ecotoxicological reproduction tests. PMID- 7306709 TI - A national survey of tri(haloalkyl)-, trialkyl-, and triarylphosphates in Canadian drinking water. PMID- 7306710 TI - Effects of petroleum exposure on predatory behavior of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). PMID- 7306711 TI - Conversion of laboratory stock CH3(203)HgCl to inorganic 203Hg. PMID- 7306712 TI - Uranium dispersion along roads paved with phosphate slag. PMID- 7306713 TI - Manganese toxicity to fungi: influence of pH. PMID- 7306714 TI - Organochloride pesticide residues in human milk in Hawaii, 1979-80. PMID- 7306715 TI - Growth and dissipation of pesticide oxons. PMID- 7306716 TI - Methyl parathion transfer from contaminated fabrics to subsequent laundry and to laundry equipment. PMID- 7306718 TI - Microbial degradation of the carbamate pesticides desmedipham, phenmedipham, promecarb, and propamocarb. PMID- 7306717 TI - GC-MS identification and analytical behavior of pirimiphos-methyl in imported foods. PMID- 7306719 TI - The products of metabolism of [14C]triadimefon in the grain and in the straw of ripe barley. PMID- 7306720 TI - EPA small pen tests. II. Effects of pen and group sizes, sex combinations, and feeding levels on bobwhite body weight and fat content. PMID- 7306721 TI - Behavior of the antimony microelectrode in different buffer solutions. PMID- 7306722 TI - Calcium transport in isolated perfused pars recta of proximal tubule. AB - 1. Ca2+ transport was examined in segments of rabbit pars recta isolated from the renal cortex by the technique of in vitro perfusion. 2. The bidirectional Ca2+ flux was determined by adding 45Ca to the bath and to the perfusate sequentially. Five tubules were perfused with Ringer-HCO-3 solution containing 0.5% albumin and bathed in the same solution, which maintained the ionized Ca2+ at the same concentration in the perfusate and bath. The outflux of Ca2+ was 169 +/- 18 pEq cm-1 min-1, while the influx was 53 +/- 13 pEq cm-1 min-1. The difference between these two numbers, the net Ca2+ absorption, is equal to 116 +/- 19 pEq cm-1 min 1. The flux ratio, 3.79 +/- 0.87, was significantly higher than 0.91 +/- 0.01 predicted by the Ussing equation from the transtubular potential difference (PD = -1.3 +/- 0.2 mV). 3. The effect of ouabain and transtubular PD on Ca2+ outflux was studied with rabbit serum ultrafiltrate as perfusate and rabbit serum as the bath. When 10(-5) M ouabain was added to the bath the transtubular PD fell from 2.4 +/- 0.3 mV to -0.65 +/- 0.06mV and fluid absorption decreased from 0.83 +/- 0.15 to 0.42 +/- 0.2 nl min-1 mm-1, whereas Ca2+ outflux remained unchanged (before = 160 +/- 13 pEq cm-1 min-1, after = 167 +/- 7 pq cm-1 min-1). 4. When tubules were perfused with and Na+ -free solution (NaCl replaced by choline chloride), Ca2+ outflux, 170 +/- 170 11 pEq cm-1 min-1, was the same as that obtained with the normal perfusion solution. 5. These results indicate that: a) the pars recta has the capacity for net absorption of significant amounts of Ca2+ that is apparently independent of Na+ efflux; b)Ca2+ transport across the pars recta occurs by a mechanism other than simple diffusion and c), unlike Na+ transport, Ca2+ outflux is not sensitive to ouabain. PMID- 7306723 TI - Permeability factors in lymph draining inflamed tissues: effect of anti inflammatory drugs. AB - 1. Inflammatory responses were induced by the injection of carrageenin into the rat paw and lymph was collected by cannulation of the thoracic duct. Cell-free lymph samples were intracutaneously injected into a second group of rats to measure vascular permeability activity by local exudation of Evans blue. 2. The vascular permeability activity in lymph samples draining inflamed tissue was consistently higher than in lymph from normal controls. Activity increased with the development of inflammation, attaining maximum values 2 to 2.5 h after the injection of carrageenin. 3. The activity was reduced by pretreatment of lymph donors with indomethacin or soybean trypsin inhibitor. Pretreatment of the animals used to measure vascular permeability activity with diphenhydramine or methysergide attenuated their responses to the permeability factors present in lymph. Thus prostaglandins, kinins, vasoactive amines or their generating systems may have contributed to the total activity detected. 4. Pretreatment of lymph donors with corticosterone or glucagon, whose anti-inflammatory action is mediated by the release of endogenous corticosteroids, did not alter the amount of activity in lymph. 5. These data suggest that the formation of the permeability factors present in lymph draining inflamed tissue was not affected by corticosteroids. We conclude that corticosteroids do not exert their anti inflammatory activity at this level. PMID- 7306724 TI - Depressant action of chlordiazepoxide on cardiovascular and respiratory changes induced by aversive electrical stimulation of the brain. AB - 1. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG), an aversive area of the rat brain, increased the mean blood pressure of awake rats as well as of animals anesthetized with urethane. 2. In the anesthetized rats, increases in heart rate and in breath rate were also induced by DPAG stimulation. 3. Chlordiazepoxide, a benzodiazepine, decreased the blood pressure rise caused by aversive stimulation of the brain in the awake rat. 4. Chlordiazepoxide elicited the same effect in urethane-anesthetized rats. In addition, the hyperpnea induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter was also decreased by the drug. 5. The pressor response to intravenous noradrenaline was not affected by chlordiazepoxide. 6. These results suggest that benzodiazepines attenuate the neurovegetative changes accompanying emotion by depressing brain systems that integrate emotional behavior. PMID- 7306726 TI - [Public health and social pediatrics]. PMID- 7306725 TI - [Parasitic diseases of pets: incidence in public health]. PMID- 7306727 TI - [Demonstration of a hypercalcemic factor in human urine]. PMID- 7306730 TI - Psychotherapy and Alcoholics Anonymous. Can they be coordinated? PMID- 7306728 TI - Freud's seduction theory. Its implications for fantasy and memory in psychoanalytic theory. PMID- 7306731 TI - The clinical psychologist as a diagnostic consultant. PMID- 7306732 TI - Strategies for financing water and sanitation projects. PMID- 7306733 TI - Cervical cancer prevention and control in developing countries: a model program. PMID- 7306729 TI - Correlates of change and long-term outcome. An exploratory study of intensively treated hospital patients. PMID- 7306734 TI - Access to sterilization in two hospitals in Honduras. PMID- 7306736 TI - Aedes aegypti: a sword of Damocles over tropical America. PMID- 7306735 TI - Persistence of the endemic intestinal parasitoses in Latin America. PMID- 7306737 TI - Upper abdominal pain. PMID- 7306739 TI - Psychological aspects of neurology. PMID- 7306738 TI - Stress, personality, and coronary artery disease. PMID- 7306741 TI - Investigation of urinary calculi. PMID- 7306742 TI - Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. PMID- 7306740 TI - But I was there! PMID- 7306743 TI - The role of the accountant. PMID- 7306744 TI - Equipment and methods for rapid blood transfusion. PMID- 7306745 TI - How to catheterize the bladder. PMID- 7306746 TI - Management of hydatid disease. PMID- 7306747 TI - Sexual deviations. PMID- 7306748 TI - The role of maintenance therapy and relatives' expressed emotion in relapse of schizophrenia: a two-year follow-up. AB - A two-year follow-up study was conducted, mainly from case notes, of patients who had originally taken part in a study of the influence of relatives expressed emotion on schizophrenic relapse. It was found that in the two years following discharge from hospital patients from high expressed emotion homes had a significantly greater relapse rate than those from low expressed emotion homes. The prophylactic effect of maintenance drugs was no longer evident for patients from high expressed emotion homes at the two-year follow-up. By contrast, a significant protective effect of maintenance therapy emerged for patients from low expressed emotion homes. The interpretation of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7306749 TI - The effects of varying auditory input on schizophrenic hallucinations. AB - The present report is of the effect of variations of auditory input on hallucinatory experiences in seven schizophrenic patients. Nine experimental conditions, each of two minutes' duration were compared with a control condition. At the end of each period subjects were required to rate the duration, loudness, and clarity of hallucinations during that time. Experimental conditions varied according to the amount of structure present in the material and in its attention commanding properties. One condition required the active monitoring of material presented and resulted in the greatest decrease in hallucinatory experiences. For the passive conditions, findings were broadly consistent with predictions, indicating that it is not stimulation per se, but rather the extent to which structure is present and attended to, that is important in determining the occurrence of hallucinatory phenomena. PMID- 7306750 TI - The symptomatology of puerperal illnesses. AB - Women who had a psychiatric illness requiring hospital admission within 90 days of delivery were compared with a control group matched for age, Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis and year of admission. Those with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder differed significantly from non-puerperal controls in being more deluded or hallucinated, more labile and more disoriented. There was no difference between puerperal and control cases of major depressive or manic disorder with respect to treatment received, or responded to, or length of stay in hospital. PMID- 7306751 TI - Life events and depression in a Kenyan setting. AB - Thirty Kenyan patients of black African origin undergoing treatment for clinical depression in Nairobi, and 40 matched non-psychiatrically disturbed controls in the community were studies for life events using the Brown-Harris model. It was found that the depressed group had significantly more life events (P less than 0.001 with Yates correction for continuity) in the twelve months preceding the onset of their depression than the controls in the same period. These results are similar to those obtained by several workers in Western settings. Their implication for the practice of psychiatry in an African context is examined, and some myths about psychiatry in Africa re-examined. PMID- 7306752 TI - Standardized interviews in psychiatry: issues of reliability. AB - A review of studies which used standardized interviews as a means of data collection indicated that the issue of reliability was frequently neglected in the psychiatric literature. It is suggested that this may be due to a misinterpretation of the concept of reliability which is apparently perceived as a permanent feature of an interview instrument. The importance of reliability is discussed, and recommendations are made as to how a methodologically adequate assessment of reliability might be undertaken. PMID- 7306753 TI - Psychiatric interviewing techniques. VI. Experimental study: eliciting feelings. AB - Four experimental interview styles, designed to differ in the extent of their use of active fact-oriented and active feeling-oriented techniques, were compared in relation to their use in the initial diagnostic interviews with the mothers of children referred to a psychiatric clinic. All four styles proved to be effective in eliciting emotions and feelings, but the findings suggested that each was effective for different reasons. It appeared that emotional expression could be encouraged by the interviewer's response to emotional cues, by a reflective style with little factual cross-questioning, by the use of direct requests for self disclosures, by the optimal (but not necessarily maximal) use of interpretations. and expressions of sympathy, and by direct requests for feelings. PMID- 7306754 TI - Erythrocyte transketolase activity in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. AB - Erythrocyte transketolase activity and the effect of adding thiamine pyrophosphate (% TPP effect) were measured in subjects suffering from Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome both before and during treatment with thiamine and/or thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryldisulphide (TTFD). Transketolase activity was significantly lower in untreated patients than in healthy volunteers. Treatment with either thiamine or with TTFD restored enzyme levels to control values but TTFD produced a greater increase than thiamine in enzyme activity. In a group of seven patients there was no correlation between duration of TTFD therapy and either increase in erythrocyte transketolase activity or % decrease in the TPP effect. However, when three patients were followed at intervals during treatment with TTFD, their erythrocyte transketolase increased progressively. Neither thiamine nor TTFD produced clinical improvement in the mental symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff psychosis unless administered early in the course of the disease. PMID- 7306755 TI - Short term memory deficit in a patient with cerebral sarcoidosis. PMID- 7306756 TI - Bimodality and the nature of depression. PMID- 7306757 TI - Recurrent gall-stone ileus. PMID- 7306758 TI - Osteoblastic metastases in renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7306759 TI - Mechanism of misonidazole-linked cytotoxicity and altered radiation response: role of cellular thiols. PMID- 7306761 TI - Use of diagnostic ultrasound to measure the lumbar spinal canal. PMID- 7306760 TI - Preset counts or preset time? PMID- 7306762 TI - Radiation dose from human platelets labelled with indium-111. PMID- 7306763 TI - Choosing between two formulations of a dose/cure function. PMID- 7306764 TI - ULtrasonography in acute cholecystitis. AB - Forty cases of acute cholecystitis, surgically and pathologically confirmed, were investigated with ultrasound. Echographic diagnosis was possible in 34 patients (85%): special emphasis was laid on wall thickening (90% of cases, with a mean wall thickness of 8.08 mm), evidence of an echofree layer within the wall (67.5% of patients) and a lumen greater than 4 cm with thick walls. Associated cholelithiasis was demonstrated in 28 of these patients. In five more patients specific wall signs were absent and cholelithiasis was the only detectable sign of the disease. In only one patient was there no echographic sign of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 7306765 TI - The chest radiograph in leptospirosis in Jamaica. AB - A consecutive series of 44 patients with proven leptospirosis was studied to document the radiographic pulmonary abnormalities, assess their prevalence, correlate them with the clinical signs and symptoms and determine their prognostic significance. Abnormalities were found in ten patients (23%), this prevalence being less than previously noted. The abnormalities shown were non segmental opacification (consolidation-eight cases), basal linear opacities (collapse-five cases) and pleural effusions (four cases). The first radiographic demonstration of a large pleural effusion in leptospirosis is recorded. Non jaundiced patients had a higher prevalence (43%) of these abnormalities than jaundiced (13%). No other correlation with clinical signs or symptoms was found. The presence of these abnormalities had no prognostic significance. It is concluded that the presence of radiographic pulmonary abnormality in in-patients with leptospirosis is common. These abnormalities are non-specific and can mimic other diseases leading to diagnostic difficulty. Such abnormalities may be extensive in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms. PMID- 7306766 TI - The role of abdominal computed tomography in lymphoma following treatment. AB - Two hundred and six patients with biopsy-proven lymphoma, 74 with Hodgkin's disease and 132 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had abdominal computed tomography for assessment of remission status (108 patients) or for investigation of relapse (98 patients). In 43 patients with diffuse large cell lymphomas scanned at a time of apparent complete remission CT was abnormal in 21. Sixteen of these patients have relapsed and died. Only one patient has relapsed in the group who have normal CT scans. This difference was significant (p=0.00001). This difference was not seen in nodular lymphomas. There were very few patients with Hodgkin's disease in whom the CT scan was abnormal and there is a suggestion that many abnormalities following treatment may represent inactive Hodgkin's disease or fibrosis only. CT played a major role in diagnosing the full extent of relapse in both non Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Over 50% of the abnormal sites detected by CT would not have been shown by any other non-invasive investigation. Five patients with treated Hodgkin's disease who had "B" symptoms only suggesting relapse were all shown by CT to have extensive intra-abdominal disease. PMID- 7306767 TI - Dosimetry of renal radiopharmaceuticals: the importance of bladder radioactivity and a simple aid for its estimation. AB - The contribution from radioactivity in bladder contents to dose commitments to the embryo, ovaries, red marrow, kidney, bladder wall and total body has been estimated for various renal radiopharmaceuticals, assuming a bladdervoiding period of 3.5 h. For hippuran and GFR agents this contribution is 70-97% of the embryo dose and 50-93% of the ovary dose. The embryo dose exceeds the ovary dose by a factor of two or more. For the radiopharmaceuticals with no significant kidney retention, the surface dose to the bladder wall is higher, by more than an order of magnitude, than doses to other organs and is largely responsible for the effective dose equivalent exceeding the estimated whole-body dose by factors of up to 25. Since the estimation of cumulated activity in bladder contents is necessary for bladder dosimetry, a nomogram based on a 3.5 h voiding period is presented as a convenient aid for this purpose. PMID- 7306768 TI - The effect of photon absorption by breast tissue in myocardial imaging with thallium 201. PMID- 7306769 TI - Repair of sublethal and potentially lethal damage in lung cells using an in vitro colony method. AB - The repair of radiation damage has been measured in mouse lung using an in vitro colony assay. Following a single dose of 10.5 Gy delivered to the lung in vivo, we observed, six hours after irradiation, an increase of the fraction of surviving cells, which did not change further between six and 24 hours (repair of potentially lethal damage). A similar observation was made using a split-dose method (repair of sublethal damage). The extent of radiation repair is comparable with that of other rodent cells irradiated in vivo. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the late effects observed following irradiation of lung tissue. PMID- 7306770 TI - The accuracy of dimensional measurement in ultrasonic real-time scanning. PMID- 7306771 TI - An intracardiac foreign body: diagnosed non-invasively and removed non surgically. PMID- 7306772 TI - Cementifying fibroma (so-called "cementoma") of tibia. PMID- 7306773 TI - Metastatic disease to the carpus. PMID- 7306774 TI - Hypothenar hammer syndrome. PMID- 7306775 TI - Modern diagnostic methods in practice: aids to diagnosis of virological diseases. PMID- 7306778 TI - Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in Nigerian cattle: a preliminary report. PMID- 7306776 TI - Q fever in Cyprus: a short review. PMID- 7306777 TI - Oestrus and pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone assay in the mare. PMID- 7306779 TI - A preliminary study of the possible application of gastrocystoplasty in selected cases of feline urolithiasis. PMID- 7306780 TI - Some aspects of the use of the growth promoter zeranol in ewe lambs retained for breeding. I. effect on liveweight gain and puberty. PMID- 7306783 TI - An investigation of repetition and language processing in a case of conduction aphasia. PMID- 7306782 TI - Phonological encoding and ideographic reading by the disconnected right hemisphere: two case studies. PMID- 7306781 TI - Functional changes in the pregnant camel with special reference to foetal growth. PMID- 7306784 TI - Depression in aphasic patients: frequency, severity, and clinical-pathological correlations. PMID- 7306785 TI - Language ability in right and left hemiplegic children. PMID- 7306786 TI - Imagery and verbal encoding in left and right hemisphere damaged patients. PMID- 7306787 TI - Gestural impairment an gestural ability in aphasia: a review. PMID- 7306788 TI - Cerebral lateralization, preferred cognitive mode, and reading ability in normal children. PMID- 7306790 TI - Postsynaptic control of lumbar motoneuron excitability during active sleep in the chronic cat. AB - A correlated intracellular and extracellular study of lumbar motoneuron excitability during sleep and wakefulness was performed in the chronic, unanesthetized, undrugged, normally respiring cat. Experiments were designed to reveal the extent to which hypotonia during active sleep in mammals is dependent on postsynaptic inhibition of somatic motoneurons. Variations in the antidromic field potential, antidromic and orthodromic spike, EPSP, membrane input resistance and rheobasic current were studied. No change in motoneuron excitability occurred when quiet wakefulness was compared to quiet sleep. A decrease in excitability was present, due to postsynaptic inhibition, during active sleep. Further phasic decreases in excitability, also due to postsynaptic inhibition, occurred during active sleep in conjunction with clusters of rapid eye movements. PMID- 7306789 TI - Lexical decision and aphasia: evidence for semantic processing. PMID- 7306791 TI - Sexually dimorphic motor nucleus in the rat lumbar spinal cord: response to adult hormone manipulation, absence in androgen-insensitive rats. AB - There is a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus in the fifth and sixth lumbar segments of the rat spinal cord, consisting of motoneurons innervating two striated perineal muscles, the levator ani and the bulbocavernosus. This nucleus, which is diminished or absent in female rats, has been named the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB)3. We now report that the number of neurons in the SNB of either male or female rats is not altered by adult gonadectomy or treatment with testosterone propionate. However, the size of individual SNB neurons is increased in the presence of androgen in either sex. Genetically male rats with the testicular feminization mutation which results in reduced receptors have a markedly feminine SNB. These results support the hypothesis that the sexually dimorphic nature of the SNB depends on neither the adult hormonal state nor the presence of a Y chromosome, but on the interaction of androgens with their receptors early in development. PMID- 7306792 TI - Hypomyelinated mutant mice IV: peripheral myelin in jp msd. AB - This study compares peripheral myelination in a specific subdivision of the sciatic nerve of jp msd and unaffected littermate mice. No significant differences are found in numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, diameters of axons, thickness of myelin sheaths relative to axon diameter, extent of unmyelinated axons segregation by Schwann cell processes, or in the ultrastructure of myelin and Schwann cells. By contrast, jp msd mutant mice show severe CNS hypomyelination. This evidence, that the jp msd mutation affects only oligodendrocytes, distinguishes mutations at this locus from others producing CNS hypomyelination in which PNS myelin is also affected. PMID- 7306793 TI - Dose-conductance relationships for GABA agonists and the effect of uptake inhibitors in crayfish stretch receptor neurons. AB - The interaction of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and structurally-related compounds with postsynaptic GABA receptors was studied quantitatively by measuring receptor-mediated increases in membrane input conductance in isolated crayfish stretch receptor neurons (SRN). The following compounds, in order of decreasing potency, were effective agonists: muscimol greater than GABA greater than isoguvacine greater than (-)gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid greater than beta-gu anidinopropionic acid greater than 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid greater than (+)gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid greater than isonipecotic acid greater than THIP. A highly significant correlation was found between the log potencies for GABA agonists that were obtained in the SRN and those obtained in our laboratory using mammalian GABA receptor binding assays. Hill plot analyses of the log concentration-conductance data from the SRN indicated a Hill slope (nH) of approximately 2 for all agonists except GABA and guanidinopropionic acid (nH greater than 2), two compounds known to be actively accumulated by cellular GABA uptake processes. Nipecotic acid, guvacine, and L-alpha, beta diaminopropionic acid, blockers of GABA uptake processes, had essentially no effect by themselves on the SRN membrane input conductance at concentrations up to 5 mM, however, they potentiated the effects of sub-maximal concentrations of GABA and decreased the steepness of the log concentration-conductance curve, and consequently nH, for GABA. The effects of muscimol, however, were not affected. When the influence of uptake processes was considered, it appeared that all agonists tested acted by the same cooperative mechanism which required at least two molecules of agonist to activate a receptor-ionophore unit. PMID- 7306794 TI - Dopamine release in rat striatum after administration of L-dope as studied with in vivo electrochemistry. AB - The time-course of changes in dopamine (DA) release induced by systemic administration of L-DOPA was studied in the rat striatum using electrochemistry in vivo. Recordings were obtained from anesthetized animals in which carbon past microelectrodes were implanted stereotaxically into the striatum. Chronoamperometric measurements were made by applying 0.8 V for 1 sec, with an interval of 5 min between measurements; in some experiments, the potential was scanned every 5 min from 0 to 1.0 V. Administration of L-DOPA (50 mg/kg) after pretreatment with an inhibitor of peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) produced a large rise in chronoamperometric currents, lasting for about 6 h. Different approaches were used to determined whether DOPA, DA or DA metabolites (all of which are oxidized at the potential chosen) were responsible for these DOPA-induced increases. (1) Rats were killed at different times after L DOPA administration, and their striatal were analyzed biochemically for DOPA, DA, and DA metabolites. Comparison of time-courses indicated that the rise in chronoamperometric responses correlated with elevations in striatal 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels rather than with those of DOPA or DA, suggesting that DA metabolites contribute significantly to the increases in chronoamperometric responses observed after administration of L-DOPA. (2) Administration of L-DOPA after pretreatment with an inhibitor of central AAAD, a treatment that results in large increases in striatal DOPA levels but abolishes L-DO DA, suggesting that DA metabolites contribute significantly to the increases in chronoamperometric responses observed after administration of L DOPA. (2) Administration of L-DOPA after pretreatment with an inhibitor of central AAAD, a treatment that results in large increases in striatal DOPA levels but abolishes L-DO DA, suggesting that DA metabolites contribute significantly to the increases in chronoamperometric responses observed after administration of L DOPA. (2) Administration of L-DOPA after pretreatment with an inhibitor of central AAAD, a treatment that results in large increases in striatal DOPA levels but abolishes L-DOPA-induced formation of DA and DA metabolites (measured biochemically), failed to increase chronoamperometric responses. This finding indicates that exogenous L-DOPA entering the striatum is not detected with this technique and that it must be decarboxylated to produce the elevations of currents. (3) In animals pretreated with an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase to abolish formation of DOPAC and HVA, L-DOPA administration produced only a small and short lasting increase in chronomaperometric responses, despite sustained and large increases in striatal DA concentrations. By using the potential-scanning technique we showed that these increase in electrochemical responses occur at a potential at which DA but not methylated catechols are oxidized... PMID- 7306795 TI - Neurotrophic regulation of rat muscle glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in vitro. AB - In organ culture of rat diaphragm, the presence of a 2-2.5 cm phrenic nerve stump delays the time of failure of miniature endplate potentials and eliminates the increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity which otherwise occurs at 16.5 h in muscles cultured without nerve stumps. The nerve stump effect persists in the presence of blocking doses of D-tubocurarine but is eliminated by nerve crush. As shown by studies of amino acid incorporation into protein, the effect does not involved an overall change in protein synthesis. Effluents collected over 1-2 h from unstimulated or stimulated phrenic nerve-muscle preparations had no effect on G6PD activity when applied to muscles cultured without nerve stumps. However, medium conditioned by use in organ cultures with long nerve stumps partially countered the denervation-like effect in host cultures. Thus, the nerve maintains muscle G6PD by a humoral mechanism probably unrelated to impulse activity or nicotinic receptor activation. PMID- 7306796 TI - Effect of morphine administered in the periaqueductal gray and at the recording locus on nociresponsive neurons in the medullary reticular formation. AB - Neurons in the medullary reticular formation (MRF) contained within the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and reticularis paragigantocellularis were evaluated for their responses to morphine administered in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and iontophoresed at the recording site. Morphine had a predominant excitatory effect on neurons in the MRF whether microinjected in the PAG or iontophoresed at the recording locus. Although morphine generally excited neurons in the MRF when administered at either site, examination of individual neurons for their responses to both modes of administration of morphine indicated that the effect produced by morphine administered in the PAG was rarely mimicked by morphine iontophoresed at the recording locus. Moreover, morphine administered in the PAG markedly attenuated the noxious evoked excitatory response of MRF neurons, an effect not reliably produced by morphine iontophoresed in the MRF when microinjected in the PAG is not mediated by an enkephalinergic interneurons. The implications of these results on the role of the MRF in opiate-induced antinociception are discussed. PMID- 7306797 TI - Triethyl tin does not induce intramyelinic vacuoles in the cns of the quaking mouse. AB - Triethyl tin (TET), when injected intraperitoneally, failed to produce the typical intramyelinic edema in the spinal cord of quaking mice with two different genetic backgrounds (B6C3H-qk and BTBRTF/Nev-qk), while control littermates and normal C57BL/6J mice were susceptible, as expected. The only prominent change in the quaking mice was the presence of spherical vacuoles containing floccular electron-dense materials, some of which were clearly within the oligodendroglial perikarya and the inner and outer tongues. They are likely to represent degenerative responses. Consistent with the lack of edema, no increase in the water content was found in the quaking spinal cord following TET injection. Although the presence of numerous interlamellar tight junctions in quaking CNS myelin may mechanically restrict formation of the intralamellar vacuoles, the unique changes in the oligodendroglia and the lack of edema fluid accumulation suggest more fundamental metabolic abnormality that renders the quaking CNS resistant to the triethyl tin-induced edema. PMID- 7306798 TI - Response properties and behavioral modulation of "mouth" neurons of the postarcuate cortex (area 6) in macaque monkeys. AB - Single neurons were recorded from the "mouth area" of the postarcuate cortex in macaque monkeys. According to their responses to somatosensory stimuli and their activity during the animal's movements, the neurons were subdivided into three classes: (1) neurons activated only by external stimuli; (2) neurons showing an enhancement of their response when a specific motor act followed the external stimulation; (3) neurons responding reliably to external stimuli only if the stimulation triggered a specific, related motor act. Of the recorded neurons, 50% also responded to visual stimuli. PMID- 7306799 TI - Long-lasting evoked potential and repetitive firing recorded from the carp optic tectum in Cl-deficient medium in vitro. AB - Evoked potentials of the carp optic tectum following optic tract stimulation were examined in vitro. When the standard medium was replaced by Cl-deficient medium, the amplitude of the potential was augmented and the time course was prolonged. Following these changes, a long-lasting negative potential appeared in the deep layers. The involvement of a reverberating circuit is discussed. PMID- 7306800 TI - Presence and distribution of phenylethylamine in the rat spinal cord. PMID- 7306801 TI - No detectable remote lesions following massive intrastriatal injections of ibotenic acid. AB - Behavioral and anatomical consequences of particularly large intrastriatal injections of ibotenic acid are described. Only in the rat with the largest injection, which encompassed almost the entire frontal lobe, were enduring aphagia and adipsia observed; epileptic attacks were, however, not detectable in this or in any other of the rats. In spite of the massiveness of the lesion, neither remote lesions nor damage to passing fibers was observed. It is therefore suggested to substitute kainic acid by ibotenic acid for the production of local, discrete brain lesions. PMID- 7306802 TI - Are the gigantocellular tegmental field neurons responsible for paradoxical sleep? AB - We have compared the effects of electrolytic and kainic acid lesions of the pontine gigantocellular tegmental field (FTG) upon paradoxical sleep (PS). Following bilateral electrolytic destruction of the ventrolateral part of the FTG, there was an almost total suppression of PS which lasted at least for 5 weeks. Muscular atonia was absent and ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) activity was reduced by 80% in the few remaining episodes of PS. Contrary to to these effects, total neuronal cell loss of the FTG induced by bilateral kainic acid injection was not followed by a significant quantitative and qualitative alteration of PS. These results indicate that the neurons located within the FTG are not critical for the generation of both phasic and tonic components of PS. Elimination of this state of sleep after electrolytic destruction of the ventrolateral pontine reticular formation can be explained by interruption of fibers connecting the region of the locus coeruleus complex and the bulbar reticular formation. PMID- 7306803 TI - Electrophysiological study of the maturation of auditory responses from the inner ear of the chick. AB - Three electrophysiological functions of the chick basilar papilla were studied during development by recording the compound actin potential (AP) at the round window. The auditory thresholds showed a continuous maturation between the fifteenth day of incubation (E15) and the first post-hatching day (P1), when they attained adult values. Responses matured first to low frequencies and later to high frequency stimuli. The input-output (intensity-amplitude) functions matured regularly and never demonstrated the classical two slopes seen in mammals. The tuning properties, studied by tone-on-tone masking of the AP, achieved mature values before the thresholds; the Q10s reached adult values at E17 for a 500-Hz probe tone and at E19 for a 1000-Hz probe tone. The fact that a low-to-high frequency development trend was found with the embryonic middle ear cleared of fluids further suggests that this property of auditory ontogeny may be a function of changes in the transduction properties of the cochlea. PMID- 7306804 TI - Non-neuronal cell cultures from dorsal root ganglia of the adult cat: production of Schwann-like cell lines. AB - There are several methods available for the production of Schwann cell cultures from fetal and neonatal peripheral nervous tissue. We have investigated methods for producing Schwann cell-rich cultures from adult tissue. Dorsal root ganglia from normal adult cats were used to initiate explant cultures or subjected to primary dissociation. The resulting cultures were compared in terms of growth, the proportions of fibroblastic and Schwann-like cells in primary cultures and the effects of subculture on the relative frequency of these cell types. We found that excision and transfer of explanted ganglion pieces after 14 days in culture produced a secondary outgrowth rich in small, bipolar, spindle-shaped Schwann like cells. Subculture of this outgrowth produced secondary cultures of predominantly Schwann-like cells with typical spindle-shaped morphology. The use of antimitotic agents in the media to inhibit fibroblast growth was not observed to be necessary or beneficial with this adult tissue. Primary dissociation of ganglia with enzymes (trypsin or collagenase) and mechanical agitation was even more effective in producing secondary cultures and cell lines that were, by morphological criteria, predominantly or exclusively Schwann-like cells. One of these Schwann-like cell lines, designated GSA, has been carried over 24 subcultures while retaining characteristic Schwann cell morphology. Cells of this line have been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Karyotype analysis indicates a chromosome complement consistent with the species of origin, a normal cat. PMID- 7306805 TI - Cell sizes in the lateral geniculate nucleus of normal infant and adult rhesus monkeys. AB - Measurements of mean cell area have been made in the lateral geniculate nuclei of 16 normal rhesus monkeys as a control for changes following visual deprivation. There is little variability between animals and no significant growth between 8 days of age and adulthood in the parvocellular laminae. The magnocellular laminae show more variability and some continuing growth after 8 days of age. PMID- 7306806 TI - Shrinkage of cells in undeprived laminae of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus following late closure of one eye. AB - Comparisons of mean cell area in the lateral geniculate nucleus between normal and monocularly deprived rhesus monkeys show that late closure at between 3 months and a year of age produces up to 25% shrinkage of cells in the undeprived parvocellular laminae and up to 30% shrinkage in the deprived parvocellular laminae. PMID- 7306807 TI - Threshold current for repetitive impulse firing in motoneurones innervating muscle fibres of different fatigue sensitivity in the cat. AB - In anaesthetized cats, alpha motoneurones of m. gastrocnemius medialis were activated by maintained currents that were injected via an intracellular microelectrode. There was a statistically significant correlation between the threshold current for maintained repetitive firing and axonal conduction velocity. These findings confirmed that slow-axoned motoneurones tend to be more excitable than those with faster axons. Among fast-twitch motoneurones of about the same size as judged by their axonal conduction velocity, the average threshold current was about twice as high for cells innervating fatigue-sensitive muscle fibres (FF units) than for those supplying more fatigue-resistant ones (FR units). PMID- 7306809 TI - Multiple conductance change associated with the slow excitatory potential in mammalian sympathetic neurons. AB - When the membrane potential was manually clamped, the non-cholinergic excitatory potential was associated with either a sustained increase, an initial decrease followed by a prolonged increase or no apparent change in neuronal input resistance. In the majority of neurons studied, the amplitude of non-cholinergic depolarization was augmented upon conditioning hyperpolarization, whereas it was attenuated in a low Na solution. The results are consistent with the suggestion that the non-cholinergic depolarization may be generated by a change of multiple conductances that may include GNa activation and GK inactivation. PMID- 7306808 TI - Positive feedback to a muscle receptor stabilized by concurrent self-inhibition. AB - The two non-spiking afferent neurones (T and S fibres) of the crab's thoracic coxal muscle receptor organ mediate antagonistic reflex controls upon the specific receptor motoneurone (Rm1). Depolarization of the 'in-series' T fibre, by receptor muscle stretch or intracellular current injection, reflexly excites Rm1, whereas length- or current-induced S fibre depolarization inhibits Rm1. The latter, autogenetic negative feedback stabilizes the concurrent positive feedback over the physiological range of receptor muscle lengths. PMID- 7306810 TI - Nuclear retention characteristics of [3H]estrogen by cells in four estrogen target regions of the rat brain. AB - Nuclear retention of radioactivity was studied in neural estrogen target cells 15 min-7 h after i.v. injection of [3H]estradiol. Maximal uptake occurred by 15 min. Cells of the medial preoptic nucleus retained the label longer than did those of the medial amygdaloid nucleus. Cells of the ventromedial nucleus and arcuate nucleus exhibited similar retention profiles which were intermediate between the medial preoptic and medial amygdaloid cells. These data are discussed in relation to observations that the duration of nuclear occupancy by estrogens is proportional to the magnitude of the cellular response. PMID- 7306811 TI - Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in vocal control regions of the zebra finch brain. AB - Singing in passerine birds is an androgen-dependent behavior typical of males, and in many species is learned during an early critical period. Brain regions which control song form a rather discrete, interconnected series of nuclei which have been described in the canary and zebra finch. These regions include the caudal nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale (HVc), the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), the magnocellular nucleus of the neostriatum (MAN), area X of the lobus parolfactorius, nucleus interface (NIF), intercollicular nucleus (ICo), and the tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal motor nucleus (nXIIts). In the present report, we describe cell bodies and terminals in these brain regions which contain enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ELI). This study is the third in a series investigating the histochemical characteristics of the vocal control system in zebra finches. PMID- 7306812 TI - Catecholamines and their major metabolites in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of man. AB - In 36 patients undergoing elective surgery under spinal anesthesia, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of catecholamines and their major metabolic products were determined. The development of specific and sensitive radioenzymatic assays make these determinations possible. The levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and the O-methylated metabolite, normetanephrine, were greater in the plasma then the CSF, although the difference was significant for norepinephrine and epinephrine only (P less than 0.01 for both) On the other hand the levels of both deaminated metabolites dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) and dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA) were greater in the CSF the in plasma, but the difference was significant for DOPEG only (P less than 0.01). Although there was a positive and significant correlation between the levels in plasma and CSF of all these compounds, their concentrations in CSF may reflect metabolism of catecholamines in the central nervous system. PMID- 7306813 TI - Temporary desynchronization among circadian rhythms with lateral fornix ablation. AB - Lateral or medial fornix suction ablations were performed on adult male rats in order to selectively ablate or leave intact, respectively, fibers which terminate in the region of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and hypophysiotropic area of the hypothalamus. Plasma adrenal corticosteroid secretion, locomotor activity, body temperature, and food and water intake were recorded at 4 h intervals over a period of 48 h in individual animals 7-10 days postoperatively. Lateral fornix ablation specifically disrupted adrenal corticosteroid periodicity. A least squares spectrum analysis of the data indicated that corticosteroid may be under ultradian control after this lesion. All animals, regardless of treatment, exhibited normal circadian locomotor activity patterns. Aberrations in feeding, drinking and body temperature rhythms were occasionally observed. This represents a temporary dissociation between the rhythmic expression of corticosteroid secretion and activity, temperature, feeding and drinking. The evidence presented lends support to the multi-oscillator theory of circadian organization, and suggests that the anteroventral subiculum, via the medial corticohypothalamic tract, is important in the regulation of some, but not all, circadian parameters. In addition to the observations on the rhythmicity of locomotor activity, the extent to which the animals are active is also significantly different between groups; ie., the hyperactivity of fornix-transected animals previously reported by others was found to be associated with lateral and not medial fornix ablation. PMID- 7306814 TI - Structure of human auditory cortex. I. Cytoarchitectonics and dendritic distributions. AB - In the human primary and secondary auditory cortices the neuron somata are arranged in distinct columnar clusters. Measurements on their diameters and the intervals between them yield significant hemispherical differences, having in all cases greater values in the left hemisphere. Computer-assisted tracings of Golgi impregnated dendritic trees of 300 neurons show the expected types. An analysis of the columnar structure of the dendritic trees indicates varying degrees of specificity in collecting information from their surroundings. An analysis of their tangential extent shows that in the primary cortices a greater extent in the left hemisphere effectively cancels the differences in columnar widths and intervals, allowing for a similar dendritic connectivity among columns in both hemispheres. In the secondary cortex this connectivity is greater on the right side. PMID- 7306815 TI - Structure of human auditory cortex. II. Axon distributions and morphological correlates of speech perception. AB - In Golgi-impregnated specimens of human auditory cortex banding patterns of cortical afferents have been found. Viewed sagitally they are vertical columns with components in layers III, IV, VI and sometimes V. Viewed tangentially they are winding stripes roughly parallel to the gyral axis and of variable width (usually a few hundred micrometers). Although it is not possible to determine it in such sections, they are probably - by analogy with animal experiments - of callosal and/or thalamic origin. Also found were narrow radial bundles, also of indefinite origin. Relative densities of impregnated axons were higher in the columns than between them; also, the tangential orientation component was accentuated within the columns. These findings, together with those of the previous paper, are related to neurolinguistic discoveries. Possible morphological correlates are discussed for neurolinguistic phenomena such as parallel processing of phonemes and words and unilateral, categorical perception of consonants compared with bilateral recognition of vowels and continuous transitions between them. PMID- 7306816 TI - Freeze-fracture characterization of isolated myelin and axolemma membrane fractions. AB - The macromolecular organization of membranes isolated from the rabbit optic nerve and tract was analyzed using the freeze-fracture technique. A myelin fraction and two axolemma-enriched fractions were prepared from a preparation of myelinated axons isolated by flotation in a buffered salt-sucrose medium. In the myelinated axon preparation, axolemma and myelin membranes were easily identified. Larger areas of the axon membrane and myelin membrane totally lacked intramembranous particles. The particles remaining on the myelin membrane formed patches of evenly distributed elongated and globular particles. In contrast, the particles remaining on the axolemma were globular in shape and tightly clustered. Particle clustering and particle-free areas were not characteristic of either the axolemma or myelin membrane of whole nerves fixed in situ and processed for freeze fracture. The isolated myelin membrane fraction contained a large number of vesicles completely lacking intramembranous particles. Of the remaining membrane vesicles, profiles with dispersed elongated and globular particles predominated. A small percentage of vesicles displayed intramembranous particles of the same size, shape and clustering pattern as that seen on the axolemma of the myelinated axon preparation. The two axolemma fractions were enriched in membrane containing tightly clustered globular particles. Particle-free vesicles as well as some myelin membrane vesicles were also seen in the axolemma fractions. PMID- 7306817 TI - Changes in short and long latency stretch responses during the transition from posture to movement. AB - Experiments were performed in 18 normal subjects to estimate the time course of changes in the gains of pathways mediating short- and long-latency responses to muscle stretch during the transition from a maintained posture against a steady load to a rapid ballistic movement. Subjects were instructed to rapidly flex or extend their forearm in response to a tone from an initial position of 90 degree of elbow flexion. Torque pulses stretching the biceps muscle were applied to the forearm at 8 different times before and after the signal to initiate the movement, and the gains of short- and long-latency pathways were estimated from averages of rectified biceps EMG activity for 20 trials at each time interval between the onsets of the tone and torque pulse. The findings demonstrate that changes in the magnitude of long-latency responses (M2, M3) occur during the period between the onset of the auditory signal and the voluntary motor response. However, the magnitude of the short-latency response (M1) remains unchanged until after the onset of voluntary motor activity. The differences in the timing of short- and long-latency stretch responses suggests that activity in long-latency pathways may play an important preparatory role in facilitating the transition from posture to movement. PMID- 7306818 TI - Identification of ultrasonic vocalization substrates determined by electrical stimulation applied to the medulla oblongata in the rat. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to identify the neural structures, within the rat medulla, that are responsible for rodent ultrasound production. Sound producing substrates were found to be located in the reticular formation and some cranial nerve nuclei as well as several other nuclei situated in the lateral and dorsomedial portions of the medulla. To estimate the degree of involvement in the generation of ultrasound signals, the sound response latencies were measured for each structure. The lateral reticular nucleus and the facial nucleus showed latencies that were significantly shorter than those for other nuclei, and they were assumed to have a primary part in rodent ultrasound production. Audible sounds of considerably longer latencies were produced exclusively by stimulation of the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus. No ultrasounds could be obtained in this region. These results were discussed in terms of innervations of the facial and laryngeal musculature by the specific neural structures. Present results were also discussed with reference to the roles of the bulbar monoaminergic neurons projecting to the spinal cord and the role of ascending nociceptive pathways. PMID- 7306819 TI - In vivo evidence for a hippocampal adrenergic neuronotrophic factor specifically released on septal deafferentation. AB - Denervation of the hippocampal formation in adult rats through lesions of the septohippocampal pathway was found to induce a trophic growth response in intracortical grafts of sympathetic superior cervical ganglia, and to stimulate regeneration of the intrinsic locus coeruleus adrenergic neurons following chemically induced axotomy. The grafted sympathetic adrenergic neurons grew very poorly into the adjacent hippocampus in animals with the septohippocampal pathways intact. A lesion of the ipsilateral fimbria-fornix or of the medial septum-diagonal band area caused a massive stimulation of axonal growth from the transplanted ganglionic neurons into the denervated hippocampus. This increase was more than 100-fold by 1 month after lesion and about 10-fold by 3 months after lesion. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed that the lesion-induced ingrowth occurred primarily into those areas of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus which were denervated of their septal cholinergic afferents. In addition, the septal and fimbria-fornix lesions induced a marked increase in size and noradrenaline fluorescence of the grafted sympathetic neurons, without any clear cut effects on the numbers of surviving neurons in the graft. This lesion-induced trophic growth response (increases in axonal outgrowth, cell body size and noradrenaline content) was specific for lesions of the septal (probably primarily cholinergic) innervation of the hippocampus. Thus, extensive denervations induced by lesions of the commissural or perforant path afferents, as well as selective lesions of the intrinsic adrenergic afferents from the locus coeruleus, had no clear-cut effects. The intrinsic central adrenergic neurons were also found to be responsive to the lesion-induced growth-stimulating mechanism. Thus, lesions of the fimbria-fornix or the medial septum-diagonal band area had a marked stimulatory effect on the regeneration of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons after selective chemical axotomy (induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine; 5,7 DHT). Thus, the adrenergic reinnervation of the initially denervated hippocampus was significantly accelerated by 3 weeks after the fimbria-fornix or septal lesions, and the increase persisted for at least 8-10 months after transplantation. These results provide evidence for an adrenergic neuronotrophic factor whose production in the hippocampus normally is under the control of non adrenergic (probably cholinergic) afferents originating in the septal-diagonal band area. The actions of this putative factor on sympathetic adrenergic neurons resemble those induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). Interestingly, however, the results obtained after 5,7-DHT-induced axotomy indicate that central and peripheral adrenergic neurons are equally responsive, and thus that the putative central adrenergic neuronotrophic factor may play a normal physiological role in the regulation of axonal growth and regeneration within the central nervous system. PMID- 7306820 TI - Inhibition of intracranial self-stimulation in brain stem-transected cats--a proposed mechanism of aversive effects produced by brain stimulation. AB - Effects of intracranial self-stimulation of central 'punishment areas' were studied on an operant conditioning of vertical eye movements in the midpontine pretrigeminal cats as well as in the encephale isole cats. In 36 pretrigeminal cats, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), basal amygdaloid nuclei (AMY), dorsal central gray (CG) of the midbrain and the thalamic nuclei such as the ventralis posteromedialis (VPM) and ventralis posterolateralis (VPL) were tested. No suppression of eye movements indicating a passive avoidance conditioning from stimulation of these 'punishment areas' was obtained in 92 electrode tip sites. In 49 encephale isole cats, stimulation of the VPM associated with contraction of the facial muscles, demonstrated a marked passive avoidance effect on the eye movements. After blocking both the trigeminal (5N) and facial nerves (7N), VPM stimulation no longer produced an increase of facial EMG activity and the suppressive effect on eye movements was abolished. Extracranial blockade of 7N alone, which induced facial muscle paralysis also showed similar effects. Bilateral blockade of cranial nerves from acoustic (8N) to hypoglossal (12N) nerves had no significant effect on the avoidance conditioning. The mass neural activity recorded from the 5N showed a marked increase of discharge by VPM stimulation which was reduced significantly after 7N blockade. These results may suggest a possibility that punishing effects of brain stimulation depend on feedback from the periphery (muscles, blood vessels and visceral organs), whereas reward effects essentially depend on neural circuitry confined within the forebrain above the rostral pons. PMID- 7306821 TI - The organization of regenerating axons in the Xenopus optic nerve. AB - After regeneration of the optic nerve in Xenopus, with restoration of an orderly visuotectal map, HRP was applied to a small region of retina, or tectum, and the distribution of labelled fibres in the nerve investigated. As they passed the site of the crush, fibres became grossly disordered and remained so until they got to the chiasma. PMID- 7306822 TI - Observations on the synaptology of intracellularly injected spinothalamic tract neurons in the cat. AB - Single spinothalamic tract cells in the deep lumbar group have been injected with horseradish peroxidase and their dendritic trees examined on the electron microscope. Large dendrites are surrounded by rosettes of from 5 to 12 synaptic terminals. Most terminals contain round vesicles but some terminals contain flattened clear vesicles and others contain membraneous tubes or cisterns. Large (mean diameter 100 nm) round, dense-core vesicles are found in both terminals containing clear round vesicles and terminals containing flattened vesicles. As yet none of those terminals on STT cell dendrites have been found participating in axo-axonic synapses, suggesting that presynaptic inhibition or facilitation plays no role in modulating the responses of these cells to presynaptic activity. PMID- 7306823 TI - Sciatic nerve response to injury in hibernating and non-hibernating ground squirrels. AB - At 21 and 36 postcrush days, regenerating axonal sprouts were observed and counted in the distal stumps of sciatic nerves from non-hibernating ground squirrels (Tb = 37 degrees C). More importantly, regenerating axonal sprouts were present in the distal segments of sciatic nerves from hibernating ground squirrels (Tb = 4-10 degrees C), but the total number was significantly less than the number noted in non-hibernating animals. PMID- 7306824 TI - A comparative study of selective stimulation of raphe nuclei in the cat in inhibiting dorsal horn neuron responses to noxious stimulation. AB - Consistent inhibition of cord nociceptive neurons was obtained at low levels of stimulation (5 V or 50-100 micro A) within raphe magnus. Less consistently and with higher stimulus intensities, inhibition was observed on stimulating raphe pallidus. Still less frequently, and generally only with stimulation in the 20 V or 500 micro A range, inhibition was observed in raphe dorsalis, raphe obscurus and centralis superior. No inhibition could be obtained by stimulation in linearis intermedias or linearis rostralis. Nearly all midline sites where inhibition of cord nociceptive neurons was observed were those within or in immediate proximity to raphe nuclei. PMID- 7306825 TI - Increase in spontaneous motor activity following infusion of neurotensin into the ventral tegmental area. AB - Microinjection of neurotensin (NT) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the rat produced a dose-dependent increase in spontaneous motor activity. The NT induced hyperactivity consisted of an increase in exploratory behaviors, such as locomotion, rearing and sniffing, and a decrease in sleep or resting. The structural specificity of this response was demonstrated by microinjecting NT analogues endogeneous neuropeptides into the VTA. The fact that high levels of immunoreactive NT have been demonstrated in the VTA indicates that the observed behavioral effects may reflect an underlying physiological action by endogenous NT. PMID- 7306827 TI - Development of rabbit hippocampus: anatomy. AB - The postnatal development of the CA1 region of rabbit hippocampus was studied using a variety of light and electron microscopic (EM) techniques. Nissl and Golgi stains showed high cellular density, small cell soma area, and sparse dendritic branching in neurons of immature animals (less than 1 week old); dendritic spines were also relatively infrequent during this period. Cell branching and spine frequency reached near-adult levels by 3 weeks, with the major area of hippocampal expansion seen in the apical dendritic layer. EM examination of synapse patterns was made using osmicated and E-PTA-treated tissue. Both techniques showed that the vast majority of synapses in immature animals (less than 2 weeks old) occurred in the dendritic region and were of the asymmetric type. Axosomatic synapses became less rare by 2 weeks; they were usually of the symmetric synapse type. The pattern of synaptic contacts in immature hippocampus resembled the mature pattern by 3-4 weeks. These data suggest a relatively late development of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in CA1 pyramidal cells. PMID- 7306826 TI - Heart conditioned medium promotes central cholinergic regeneration in vivo. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a proposed cholinergic growth factor, heart conditioned medium (HCM), on the regeneration of the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathway in rats. At 0, 4, 8 and 16 days after mechanical injury to septo-hippocampal axons, animals received either repeated intraseptal injections of HCM or control vehicles. Recovery of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in iris implants placed in the hippocampus was used as an index of cholinergic regeneration. The results indicate that CAT activity in iris implants from animals receiving HCM was significantly greater than in control implants. Thus, this is the first report of the in vivo activity of heart conditioned medium as a cholinergic growth factor. PMID- 7306828 TI - Ultrastructure of growth cones formed by isolated rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells in vitro after treatment with nerve growth factor. AB - Growth cones formed by adrenal chromaffin cells from young postnatal rats cultured in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) were studied at an electron microscopic level. These growth cones are similar in many respects to those formed by sympathetic neurons in vitro supporting the view that NGF-treated chromaffin cells may undergo neuronal transdifferentiation. PMID- 7306829 TI - Glial cell growth-promoting factor in astrocytoma (C6) cell extracts. AB - The presence of glia maturation factor (GMF)-like activity was demonstrated in rat astrocytoma cells (C6 cells). The extracts of C6 cells enhanced the DNA synthesis of cultured glioblasts 3-fold at the maximum, inducing such morphological changes as extrusion of processes. C6 cells also showed a proliferative response to the extracts, though the responsiveness in terms of effective concentration of C6 extracts was about a half of the glioblast responsiveness. The extracts lowered growth rate of neuroblastoma cells and especially decreased their DNA synthesis without a morphological differentiation. PMID- 7306830 TI - [Reactivity of renal vessels to vasoactive agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306831 TI - [Synchronized retroperfusion of the myocardium in acute experimental myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7306833 TI - [Acute and chronic respiratory diseases from the standpoint of public health (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306832 TI - [Effect of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation combined with beta-blockers on coronary blood flow in the ischemic and nonischemic myocardium of the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306834 TI - [Effect of 2-phenyl-4,5-dichlor-3-pyridazinone upon respiration and immunoglobulin levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306836 TI - [Load tolerance at the first ergometric examination and lethality after myocardia infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306837 TI - [Treatment of deep venous thromboses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306839 TI - [Electron microscopic picture of the cerebral cortex in rats cooled to 22 degrees C (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306840 TI - [Precancer and cancer of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306838 TI - [Concerning psychological problems in the development of pharmacogenic depressions. Depressions during long-term treatment with hypotensive drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306835 TI - [Dependence of serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration on the level of vitamin C in leukocytes in healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306841 TI - [Portal hypertension in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306842 TI - [Isolated tracheoesophageal fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306843 TI - [Problems of early diagnosis and management of drainage system derangements in the hydrocephalus syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306844 TI - [Perinatal mortality in breech deliveries. Analysis of a clinical series (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306845 TI - [Roentgenologic and endoscopic examination of the stomach with regard to early diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306846 TI - [Description and analysis of anomalies of the lumbosacral transition and their potential sequelae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306847 TI - [Biliary peritonitis at geriatric age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306848 TI - [Contribution to the problem of congenital anomaly of the portal vein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7306849 TI - [Unconventional statistical evaluation of scientific observations and experiments]. PMID- 7306850 TI - The medical adviser and general practitioner trials. PMID- 7306851 TI - [The distribution of health services in Aquitaine]. PMID- 7306852 TI - [Blood alcohol sampled from young people under 25 in Bouches-du-Rhone in 1978]. PMID- 7306853 TI - [Differential use of specialist services by social class]. PMID- 7306854 TI - [The reconversion of sanatorium system in France 1950-1975]. PMID- 7306855 TI - Lumbar epidural morphine as an effective analgesic following cholecystectomy. AB - Relief of pain with epidural morphine was evaluated in five patient subjects during two consecutive twenty-four periods after cholecystectomy. In one period, each subject received lumbar epidural morphine, first 4-6mg, and twelve hours later, 2-3 mg; in the other period, epidural placebo at the same times. Except for four hours before each injection and twenty minutes thereafter, intramuscular morphine was administered as required throughout. The experiments were double blind. Epidural morphine, unlike epidural placebo, reduced both a visual pain analogue score (p less than 0.05) and a pain questionnaire score (p less than 0.01) twenty minutes after injection. Epidural morphine compared to placebo reduced by one-half the total amount of narcotic (epidural plus intramuscular) administered over the twenty-four hour period (p less than 0.05). Four of five subjects clearly preferred analgesia with epidural morphine over the effect of placebo plus therapeutic doses of intramuscular morphine. We conclude that epidural morphine, administered in this manner, is effective in relieving pain after cholecystectomy and that it may be preferred by patients over conventional intramuscular morphine. PMID- 7306856 TI - Regional analgesic effect of epidural morphine in volunteers. AB - Limb ischaemia induced by a sub-maximum effort tourniquet technique was used to characterize the analgesic effects of lumbar epidural morphine in volunteers. As an index of pain threshold, we measured the time to perception of pain in and upper an a lower limb before and at intervals up to six hours following epidural injections of morphine 3.5 mg an 7.0 mg, and before and after subcutaneous injections of the same doses. Subcutaneous morphine had no significant effect on the times to perception of pain in either limb. Lumbar epidural morphine did not alter upper limb times, but markedly delayed the onset of pain in the lower limbs. This lower limb analgesic effect was apparent thirty minutes after injection, peaked at about ninety minutes and was still present after six hours. Serum levels of morphine were nearly identical after subcutaneous and epidural injections of the same dose. We conclude that lumbar epidural morphine produces marked analgesia for this type of experimental pain primarily by a "regional" effect rather than as a result of systemic absorption. This regional effect develops slowly and is prolonged. PMID- 7306857 TI - The effect of foetal acidosis on bupivacaine levels in utero. AB - Amide local anaesthetics are weak bases with pK's of 7.80 or greater. Therefore, tissue acidosis may result in ionization and "trapping" of the basic local anaesthetics The following study was done in the pregnant ewe to determine if the highly protein-bound local anaesthetic bupivacaine demonstrates ion-trapping in the acidotic foetus. Six pregnant ewes of 135 days gestation were prepared surgically with catheters placed in maternal and foetal femoral arteries an veins. Bupivacaine was infused into the maternal femoral vein to maintain a constant concentration. After two hours of bupivacaine infusion the foetus was made acidotic by an infusion of lactic acid for 45 minutes. Then the acidosis was corrected by an infusion of bicarbonate for an additional 45 minutes. Maternal and foetal bupivacaine levels were measured at 15 minute intervals throughout the experiment. The bupivacaine levels in the foetus and the foetus-maternal ratio increased significantly during the period of foetal acidosis and declined to the control levels when the acidosis was corrected with bicarbonate. We conclude from this study that foetal acidosis results in ion-trapping of bupivacaine to a significant extent, despite protein binding in the maternal blood. PMID- 7306858 TI - Single versus multiple pulmonary emboli: different haemodynamic and blood gas results. AB - We evaluated haemodynamic and blood gas changes following the intravenous infusion of starch microemboli (63-74 mu). Comparisons were made between dogs receiving a single embolus and dogs receiving an equal quantity of embolus divided into small doses given at 30 minute intervals (multiple emboli). The most significant finding was that the same quantity of embolus produces different effects. In the dogs receiving a single embolus of 150 mg kg-1 of starch. Pao2 fell from 11.3 to 7.6 kPa (85 to 57 torr)(p less than 0.025) and Qs/Qt increased from 11 to 34 per cent (p less than 0.01). In the multiple emboli dogs, after a total dose of 150 mg kg-1 of starch, there was a small but not significant fall in Pao2 from 11.6 to 10.8 kPa (87 to 81 torr), and Qs/Qt did not change significantly. In the single embolus dogs Q increased significantly after an embolus of 100 mg kg-1 of starch (p less than 0.05). after a single embolus of 150 mg kg-1, Q was variable; 3 dogs showed a decrease, and 2 an increase, however the mean change was not significant. In the multiple emboli dogs, Q decreased significantly (p less than 0.005). PMID- 7306859 TI - Influence of serum protein, serum albumin concentrations and dose on midazolam anaesthesia induction times. AB - Individual variation occurs in time to induction of anaesthesia with intravenous drugs. Less free drug is available to cross the blood-brain barrier when the drug is highly protein bound. Since this may prolong time to sleep, we correlated the induction time, serum albumin and total protein concentrations, and doses of midazolam, which is a highly protein bound intravenous anaesthetic. There is a poor correlation (r = 0.062) between induction time and serum protein, a weak (r = 0.542) but statistically significant (p = 0.026) correlation between induction time and serum albumin, and a highly significant (p = 0.003) negative correlation (r = 0.579) between drug dose and induction time. The administration of the appropriate dose of midazolam for induction, therefore, appears to affect induction time more significantly than does the serum albumin concentration. PMID- 7306860 TI - Anaesthetic experience using a standard technique for laryngeal surgery in infants and children. AB - A 12 year review is presented of 1922 anaesthetic experiences on 285 patients presenting for microlaryngeal operations at the Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto. The lesions treated were laryngeal growths, 198 cases (69.5 per cent): subglottic stenosis, 81 cases (28.4 per cent); and posterior laryngeal cleft, 6 cases (2.1 per cent). The anaesthetic technique consisted of topical analgesia with lidocaine spray (3 mg kg-1) and pharyngeal insufflation of halothane and methoxyflurane both 1-1.5 per cent in oxygen through a special channel in the blade of a Jako Pilling microlaryngoscope in spontaneously breathing patients. Arterial blood gases sampled after 15 and 40 minutes of anaesthesia showed Paco2 = 6.29 +/- 0.31 kPa (47.1 +/-2.39 torr) and 6.44 +/- 0.16kPa (278 +/- 36.2 torr) respectively. Surgical exposure of the larynx was good allowing for a shorter operative time with minimal perioperative complications, in only 94 (4.89 per cent) of the 1922 anaesthetics. PMID- 7306861 TI - Measuring immediate recovery from general anaesthesia using a scoring system. AB - The study describes the design and testing of a scoring system to measure immediate recovery from anaesthesia. The scoring system which measures the patient's cognitive, motor haemodynamic and respiratory recovery, was applied in 1,626 patients. The score was measured at five minutes intervals and the results were plotted on recovery graphs for each patient. The analysis shows that patients who had received automatic ventilation during their anaesthetic were likely to arrive in the recovery room with a score of 14 or 15 (the top score), while other patients were likely to arrive with lower scores and progressed in their recovery at 0.9 (SD 0.6) score units per minute. Multivariate analysis confirms that the anaesthetist's decision to employ automatic or spontaneous ventilation is the most important single factor in determining the rate of increase of the recovery score. It is suggested that this scoring system, which fits well with the clinical appreciation of the case, is a useful tool in the hands of the recovery nurse. PMID- 7306862 TI - Comparison of eye protection with methylcellulose an paraffin ointments during general anaesthesia. AB - A total of 120 patients who were all anaesthetized for more than 90 minutes were given eye protection with paraffin-based oculentum simplex, Ph. Nord. 63, in one eye, and water-based four per cent methylcellulose in the other. Anaesthesia was conducted with halothane, or thiopentone an meperidine, or by a neurolept technique. Peri-ocular oedema and reaction in the conjunctiva resembling conjunctivitis was less pronounced after methylcellulose. When both paraffin based ointment and halothane anaesthesia were used, there were signs of drug interaction, as the patients' conjunctivae were now distinctly red. In all three types of anaesthesia, methylcellulose produces a firm gluing of the eyelids with the result that the eye is not dried out and the eye is protected mechanically so that foreign bodies and corneal abrasions are avoided. There were no untoward effects of methylcellulose. It is concluded that methylcellulose four per cent provides better eye protection than paraffin during general anaesthesia. PMID- 7306863 TI - Thrombosis in the upper extremity: use of Doppler ultrasound for diagnosis. AB - A case of subclavian vein thrombosis which was not detected clinically is described. Doppler ultrasound was used to ascertain the diagnosis. The technique of examination with the Doppler method for upper limb thrombi is described. It is expected that this technique will be as valuable for detection of thrombosis in the upper extremities as it has been shown to be in lower extremities. This is important because the incidence of deep vein thrombosis has increased with the frequent use of indwelling central venous catheters and because of increased awareness of the possibility and dangerous sequelae of the thrombosis, Early detection of thrombus by this non-invasive method, with removal of the catheters and prompt heparin therapy can preserve the integrity of the venous conduits and avert emboli. This is particularly relevant for anaesthetists in critical units. PMID- 7306864 TI - The indices of potency for intravenous anaesthetics. AB - In rat experiments, the relative potency an safety of thiopentone, diazepam and etomidate were assessed using different indices of anaesthesia - loss of righting reflex, prevention of movement and heart rate responses to an noxious stimulus. Log-probit dose-response curves for these end-points and for lethal effect were determined. Etomidate proved to be more potent than thiopentone or diazepam; its relative potency figures varied from 5 to 18 with the use of different end-points of anaesthesia. According to the ED50 level of response for the loss of righting reflex and increased of heart rate, diazepam was more potent than thiopentone. At the same time it was less potent in the prevention of movement response. Etomidate has an extremely large standard safety margin (SSM) regarding the loss of righting reflex; with the use of movement response or heart rate response, the SSM for etomidate was close to that of thiopentone. With diazepam, SSM for movement response and heart rate response was negative (anaesthetic dose-response curve partially overlaps the lethal curve); it was positive for the loss of righting reflex. The extreme variability in assessment of relative potency and safety with different end-points of anaesthesia probably indicates that the indices used reflected various components of anaesthesia. It seems likely that for the proper assessment of the potency of intravenous anaesthetics, one index of potency is not sufficient. Several indices of potency corresponding to different components on general anaesthesia must be used. PMID- 7306866 TI - Effect or premedicants, intravenous anaesthetic agents an local anaesthetics on phagocytosis in vitro. PMID- 7306867 TI - Estimation of pulmonary shunt. PMID- 7306865 TI - The effect of intravenous diazepam on rise of intraocular pressure following succinylcholine. AB - Because succinylcholine raised intraocular pressure, its use to facilitate tracheal intubation for ocular surgery, especially in emergency open-eye cases, has been a controversial topic among anaesthetists for more than two decades. In recent years, intravenous diazepam pretreatment before succinylcholine has been reported to reduce the untoward side effects of myalgia, and elevation of serum potassium and creatine phosphokinase. This study was designed to assess the effect of pretreatment with intravenous diazepam 0.1 mg kg-1 on control (base line) intraocular pressure and to determine if such pretreatment diminished the rise in intraocular pressure following the standard anaesthesia induction sequence of thiopentone 3 - 5 mg kg-1., followed by tracheal intubation. Such diazepam pretreatment was shown to reduce the intraocular pressure from control levels and to diminish the rise of intraocular pressure following succinylcholine and tracheal intubation. Because succinylcholine produces rapid onset of neuromuscular block for tracheal intubation and since only minor intraocular pressure elevation occurs following thiopentone and succinylcholine in patients pretreated with diazepam, its use in ocular surgery, including emergency open-eye cases, can be rationally advocated. The addition of 0.6 mg kg-1 d-tubocurarine to the diazepam pretreatment did not produce a further reduction of the increase of intraocular pressure following succinylcholine. PMID- 7306868 TI - Minaxolone. PMID- 7306869 TI - Canadian law and the ophthalmologist. AB - The practice of medicine in Canada is governed by many rules and regulations. In this article the legal system as it pertains to professional ophthalmologic activities is briefly described and the concepts of tort and duty of care are discussed. PMID- 7306870 TI - The aphakic correction. PMID- 7306871 TI - Surgical results in intermittent exotropia. AB - Among 78 children who had undergone surgery for intermittent exotropia, undercorrection was found in 39, an acceptable result in 33 and overcorrection in 6. A review conducted to determine what factors might explain the high frequency of undercorrection showed that the average age of the patients was higher than usual, and this was a significant prognostic factor. The presence or absence of associated hypertropias, lateral incomitance and A or V patterns was not of prognostic importance. Purposeful overcorrection of the exodeviation by 10 to 15 prism diopters tended to ensure a more satisfactory result. PMID- 7306872 TI - Factors modifying vitreous pressure in cataract surgery. AB - A prospective study of 267 intracapsular cataract extractions was conducted to assesses what makes an eye soft and capable of safely receiving an intraocular lens implant. The study showed that the use of glycerol, given orally before the operation, plus retrobulbar anesthesia is the most effective way of reducing the vitreous pressure, that there is a direct relation between this reduction and age, and that there is no apparent correlation between the preoperative intraocular pressure and the vitreous pressure. PMID- 7306873 TI - Inactivation of aminoglycoside-penicillin combinations after subconjunctival injection. AB - A study was undertaken to determine the extent of inactivation of gentamicin, tobramycin, ticarcillin and carbenicillin when given subconjunctivally in amino glycoside-penicillin combinations. Rabbits were injected with such a combination in either the same or opposite subconjunctival sites. The aqueous humor was aspirated and bioassayed for antibiotic activity at 1 and 4 hours after injection. The influence of the aqueous humour upon antibiotic inactivation was studied by in vitro experiments. Ticarcillin penetrated into the aqueous humour better than carbenicillin. Some chemical inactivation of all the antibiotics given in combination occurred. There was less inactivation of the aminoglycosides at 4 hours when the antibiotics had been injected at opposite poles. The inactivation occurred primarily within the aqueous humour but to a lesser extent in the subconjunctival space. The degree of inactivation is likely of little clinical significance with the doses usually used. PMID- 7306874 TI - Ocular anomalies simulating double optic discs. AB - Three lesions simulating duplication of the optic disc are described. In case 1 the lesion was thought to be an ectatic peripapillary coloboma. Computer-assisted tomography demonstrated a single optic nerve in each orbit. In case 2 two optic disc with separate vascular systems were observed in photographs; blood vessels arising from the upper disc appeared to supply the superior portion of the retina, including the fovea. In case 3 a colobomatous defect with vascular anastomosis to the optic disc was observed in photographs. The resemblance of duplication of the optic disc to congenital disc anomalies, ectatic peripapillary colobomas and other simulating lesions is discussed. True duplication of the optic disc with associated duplication of the optic nerve is rare. PMID- 7306875 TI - Bacillus thuringiensis distribution in soils of the United States. AB - During a 2-year study, samples of various types of soils were collected from 115 fields that had not previously been tested with Bacillus thuringiensis and which were remote from any large-scale aggregations of lepidopterous insects in rearing or grain-storage areas. An average of about 400 isolates were examined from each soil, and, of 46 373 isolates examined, only 250 (0.5%) were identified as B. thuringiensis. While it was almost impossible to insure that a field had never been treated with B. thuringiensis or that drift from some nearby application had not reached the field, it is noteworthy that of the 250 isolates, 156 (62.4%) were not var. kurstaki, the only variety that has been used commercially in the United States in about 10 years. This is a strong indication that the B. thuringiensis isolates observed were present naturally. To verify the procedures used, samples were taken from two adjacent experimental plots which had been treated about 12 months previously with formulations of var. kurstaki and var. galleriae, respectively. With practically no exception, the variety recovered from each plot was the variety applied, indicating that the varietal status of B. thuringiensis is stable in the soil. PMID- 7306876 TI - Denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in digested sludge. AB - Acetylene inhibition and 13N methods were used to assay digested sludge for its potential to denitrify and to reduce nitrate to ammonium. At nitrate concentrations below 10 microM, the reduction of N2O to N2 was not inhibited by acetylene concentrations as high as 80 kPa, though at higher nitrate concentration acetylene was an effective inhibitor. NO, N2O, and N2 were produced immediately after addition of nitrate or nitrite, indicating that denitrifying enzymes were present. NO was maintained at a higher concentration of 2--5 nM, while nitrate or nitrite were being reduced, but this gas was depleted once the ionic N oxide substrates were exhausted. Acetylene had little effect on appearance and disappearance of NO. It was also noted that NO was readily consumed by chemical reactions in the anaerobic sludge. Added N2O was reduced without a lag, but pasteurized samples did not consume N2O although they produced it. Fresh digested sludge reduced 60--70% of the added 13NO3- to 13NH4+ with the rest of the NO3- -N presumably lost to denitrification. This agrees well with the nitrate partitioning observed by the acetylene inhibition method in which 30--40% of the NO3- -N was recovered as N2O. Denitrification capacity persisted in both digested sludge and a methanogenic enrichment culture which had been grown in a chemostat for 2.5 years with acetate and ammonium as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. This suggests that denitrifiers with capacities for alternative anaerobic energy metabolism may be more common than now known. PMID- 7306877 TI - Trypanosoma musculi infection: depression of immune response to heterologous antigens. AB - The response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied in CBA mice infected with Trypanosoma musculi at days ranging from 3 to 63 days of infection. DNFB contact sensitivity was normal. In 3-, 10-, and 15-day infected mice, anti-BSA hemagglutinating antibody titers were lower than in noninfected controls when determining after 21 days of BSA challenge, and were normal in sera collected after 10 and 14 days. In 14 day infected mice, anti-SRBC indirect plaque-forming cells (PFC) (per million of nucleated spleen cells and per total spleen) were strongly diminished, but anti-SRBC direct PFC were diminished only per million of nucleated spleen cells. In T. musculi recovered mice, the response to DNFB, BSA, and SRBC was normal. PMID- 7306879 TI - Observations of fouling biofilm formation. AB - Fouling biofilm development was monitored in a completely mixed tubular recycle reactor. A unique sampling system allowed direct (brightfield, epifluorescence, and scanning electron photomicroscopy) and indirect (increased fluid frictional resistance) observations of biofilms. Low fluid velocity (138.5 cm/s) experiments had shorter induction times and biofilm matrixes which included firmly adherent filamentous bacteria. High fluid velocity (265.4 cm/s) experiments had longer induction times with firmly adherent filamentous bacteria present only after the accumulation of extracellular materials. In both cases the fluid frictional resistance increased after filamentous bacteria became a permanent part of the biofilm. PMID- 7306878 TI - Thermodynamics of halobacterial environments. AB - The ranges of the major ion composition of near neutral hypersaline lakes have been described in terms of the charge concentration and the mole fraction of monovalent cations. An ion interactive method was used to establish the thermodynamic activity of the chemical species in these model brines, which were then used in culture media for Halobacterium halobium, H. salinarium, and H. volcanii. The bacteria grew rapidly at water activities of 0.78, 0.79, and 0.925, respectively. The growth areas for these organisms were not easily defined in terms of the Na+ or Cl- activity. The morphology of H. halobium and H. salinarium changes from rod shaped to spherical when the Mg2+ activity drops below 0.15 mol . kg-1. Niches described by the chemical parameters reflect the marine origin of the environments of H. halobium and H. salinarium, and the more heterogeneous environments of H. volcanii. PMID- 7306881 TI - An abbreviated scheme for identification of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from food enrichments on CIN (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin) agar. AB - An abbreviated procedure for the biochemical identification of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from food enrichments on CIN (cefsulodin-irgasan novobiocin) agar was investigated. A total of 170 colonies resembling Y. enterocolitica in colonial morphology and appearance on CIN agar were selected for identification using API strips. Ninety-three of these isolates were examined with the PathoTec ornithine decarboxylase, Voges-Proskauer, and urease test strips. The PathoTec urease strip alone was adequate for identification of all isolates of Y. enterocolitica. Christensen's urea agar was applied to the remaining 77 isolates and found less specific in the 1 isolate of Enterobacter agglomerans was urease positive along with 10 isolates of Y. enterocolitica. CIN agar is a highly specific medium for isolation of Y. enterocolitica, requiring only Kligler iron agar and urea slants for confirmation of presumptive colonies. PMID- 7306883 TI - [Bactericidal activity of the dye Erio acid red XB 400 towards Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - Laboratory and field tests revealed that the addition of Erio acid red XB 400 dye (EAR) to Bacillus thuringiensis formulations inhibited spores of the bacillus. In the laboratory, 74% of the spores present in a suspension containing 16 X 10(9) viable spores/mL, and 0.25 gm/l of EAR, were inhibited after 28 h. Spore inactivation in a physiological solution containing 1 X 10(7) viable spores/mL was 75% after the same period of exposure to the same EAR concentration. Field tests showed a reduction in the number of viable spores in a suspension exposed to sunlight; a suspension of 75 000 viable spores/mL yielded 2000 and 400 viable spores/mL after 2 and 4 h of exposure to sunlight, while the same suspension added with 2.5 ppm EAR yielded 1000 and 100 viable spores/mL after the same periods of exposure. The photodynamic action of sunlight on the dye provokes a chemical reaction (oxidation) and the inactivation effect of EAR increases with temperature. Consequently, use of EAR is incompatible with B. thuringiensis formulations and methods used for deposit assessment, based on the use of EAR, should be modified accordingly. PMID- 7306882 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase activity in Megasphaera elsdenii. AB - Megasphaera elsdenii was found to possess an inducible phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system for glucose and fructose but not for other hexoses, hexosamines, or hexitols. The complexity of the Megasphaera phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system lies intermediate to systems found in photoautotrophic bacteria and enteric bacteria. Megasphaera elsdenii phosphotransferase proteins exhibited enzymatic cross-reactivity with those from Escherichia coli; however, differences were found in substrate specificities and the physical characteristics of the proteins from these organisms. Sugar uptake was reduced in M. elsdenii stationary-phase as compared with log-phase cells and this loss correlated with a reduction in enzyme II function. PMID- 7306880 TI - Bacteriocin production by Streptococcus salivarius strain P. AB - A bacteriocin, streptococcin sal-P, was isolated by freeze-thaw elution from cultures of Streptococcus salivarius strain P grown on tryptic soy agar plus 1% neopeptone. The inhibitor could also be extracted with either 7 M urea of 1 M NaCl from cells grown on this medium, but little activity was recovered from cells grown in liquid media of from the supernatants of these cultures. Streptococcin sal-P was found to be a proteinaceous substance of molecular weight approximately 8000. It was remarkably stable at extremes of pH or temperature and appeared to adsorb nonspecifically to both sensitive and resistant bacterial cells and also to cellulose membranes. The range of its inhibitory activity was almost entirely against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly streptococci, including strains of S. pyogenes and S. sanguis, but not S. mutans or group D streptococci. Streptococcin sal-P was bactericidal for actively metabolizing susceptible strains. PMID- 7306884 TI - Hydroxyproline-rich protein in the capsule of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A protein fraction containing a high amount of hydroxyproline was found in the capsule of the Smith diffuse strain (encapsulated) when compared with that of dialysate medium. This content varied depending upon temperature, oxygen supply, sodium chloride, and carbohydrates. The hydroxyproline content of the single proteinaceous fraction, obtained by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, was one fourth of the total amino acid composition. PMID- 7306885 TI - Virosome preparation: differences between influenza and rubella hemagglutinin adsorption. AB - Rubella and influenza virosomes were prepared from preformed liposomes or dried lipid films with or without nonionic detergent beta-D-octylglucoside. The preformed liposomes and lipid films were prepared from lecithin and dicetyl phosphate (3.5:1). Viral hemagglutinin rosettes were prepared from purified viruses after solubilization with Triton X-100 (1%), centrifugation through a continuous sucrose gradient containing 30 mM octylglucoside, and dialysis. Analysis of virosomes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, hemagglutination assay, and electron microscopy revealed that rubella hemagglutinin did not require the presence of detergent to form virosomes, whereas influenza hemagglutinin could absorb efficiently to liposomes only in the presence of detergent. PMID- 7306888 TI - Analgesia with nitrous oxide/oxygen mixtures. PMID- 7306889 TI - Tay-Sachs screening clinic. PMID- 7306887 TI - "No resuscitation" orders. PMID- 7306886 TI - Endotrophic sporulation by the yeast Nadsonia fulvescens. AB - Studies of carbon requirements for sporulation by Nadsonia fulvescens showed an unexpected appearance of spores in the absence of an exogenous carbon source, when the cells were grown on ethanol prior to induction of sporulation, Dextrose grown cells taken from either the logarithmic or stationary phase required a carbon source (dextrose, ethanol, or glycerol) for sporulation. An inhibitory effect by acetate upon sporulation was demonstrated, and it appears to be due to a repression mechanism. PMID- 7306891 TI - Unusual case of type 1 bends. PMID- 7306890 TI - Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia. PMID- 7306892 TI - Sensitivity, specificity, prevalence and predictive values. PMID- 7306893 TI - Potentially lethal interaction of cimetidine and morphine. PMID- 7306894 TI - One hospital's experience with a "Do not resuscitate" policy. AB - A "No not resuscitate" policy was instituted at McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, in January 1979. Its objectives were to ensure that physicians decide on the appropriateness of resuscitation attempts before they might be needed; to have each physician consult his or her patients, or the families of incompetent patients, to determine their wishes concerning further treatment; and to provide legal protection of or physicians and the hospital in regard to the policy. To determine the effectiveness of the "Do not resuscitate" policy a questionnaire was sent to a sample of the professional staff of the hospital; the overall response rate was 87%. The respondents felt that a better way of informing hospital staff of the policy and its objectives was needed. However, the results of the questionnaire suggested that, on the whole, the policy was perceived as beneficial to both patients and physicians at the hospital. PMID- 7306895 TI - Prehospital analgesia with nitrous oxide/oxygen. AB - A pilot study of prehospital analgesia with 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen was undertaken in patients experiencing severe pain from various sources. Under the supervision of an ambulance attendant N2O/O2 was administered through a face mask held by the patient and connected to a portable regulator/tank unit. Two types of units were evaluated -- Entonox (with premixed N2O and O2) and Nitronox (with separate cylinders of N2O and O2, the gases being mixed at the time of administration). Of the 72 patients 69 obtained worthwhile analgesia (marked or partial relief of pain) during treatment in the field or in the ambulance. There were no serious side effects, and those that did occur reflected N2O's expected action (e.g., giddiness). N2O/O2 is thus considered a safe and effective analgesic, suitable for use by ambulance personnel. PMID- 7306896 TI - Recognizing hyperparathyroidism caused by ectopic production of a substance resembling parathyroid hormone. PMID- 7306897 TI - The height, weight and height/weight ratio of Canadian children in 1979. PMID- 7306900 TI - "No resuscitation' orders -- an emerging consensus. PMID- 7306899 TI - Mondor's disease: report of two cases. PMID- 7306901 TI - Dr. W.D.S. Thomas: the past president looks back. Interview by David Woods. PMID- 7306902 TI - The 1981 presidential valediction. PMID- 7306898 TI - Gait disturbance in chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 7306904 TI - Teaching health units - an idea whose time has come. PMID- 7306905 TI - The health of Canadians: report of the Canada Health Survey. PMID- 7306906 TI - An outbreak of poliovirus infection in Alberta -- 1978. PMID- 7306903 TI - Avoiding nuclear war: ultimate in preventive medicine? PMID- 7306907 TI - Health research in an interdependent world. PMID- 7306908 TI - Prevalence of head lice (Pediculus capitis [De Geer]) among children in a rural, central Alberta school. PMID- 7306910 TI - Prevention of smoking in elementary schools. PMID- 7306909 TI - A coordinated home care program and its patients. PMID- 7306913 TI - The food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes of some Canadian low birth weight infants during the first twelve months of infancy. PMID- 7306912 TI - Levels of cadmium in human kidney cortex in Canada. PMID- 7306911 TI - Evaluation of relative health-risk levels of a group of impaired drivers through health hazard appraisal. PMID- 7306915 TI - Phase I study of protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. AB - A Phase I study of protracted continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil was undertaken at a starting dose of 200 mg/m2/day. The drug was delivered via a tunneled subclavian venous access site by a portable infusion pump (Cor-Med) permitting ambulatory monitoring. Seventeen patients were administered 19 courses at incremental dose rates from 200 mg/m2/day to 600 mg/m2/day; treatment was terminated at the onset of stomatitis. At dose rates of 300 mg/m2/day or less, the treatment did not require interruption for up to 60 days or up to 36 g cumulative dose. For dose rates of 350 to 600 mg/m2/day, the treatment always required interruption: mean duration 20 day for 350 mg/m2/day; 9 day for 400 mg/m2/day; and 14 day for 600 mg/m2/day. Mean cumulative dose at the higher dose rates was 10.9 g (350 mg/m2/day); 7.9 g (400 mg/m2/day); and 15.3 g (600 mg/m2/day). Mean cumulative dose at 200 mg/m2/day was 11.5 g and at 300 mg/m2/day, was 22.6 g. Protracted venous infusion allows for a substantial cumulative dose of 5-FU and at dose rate delivery of 300 mg/m2/day may be administered for up to 60 days without adverse effects due to the drug or to the presence of an indwelling venous access line. PMID- 7306914 TI - Intravenous vincristine infusion: phase I trial. AB - In an attempt to sustain potentially cytotoxic concentrations of vincristine in man, a five-day continuous infusion of vincristine after an initial intravenous bolus injection was administered to 30 patients with refractory malignancies. Three dosage levels were explored (0.5 mg/m2, 0.75 mg/m2, and 1.0 mg/m2 daily for five days). Neurologic and hematologic toxicity were severe at the high dose level, whereas mild to moderate toxicity occurred at the 0.5 and 0.75 mg/m2 dose levels. Objective responses were noted in 11 patients (37%) with the following malignancies: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (4), acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (2), chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis (1), carcinoma of the breast (3), and small cell carcinoma of the lung (1). Responses were observed at each infusion dose level. Nine of the 11 responders had previously progressed while receiving conventional intravenous bolus injection of vincristine. These data suggest that the clinical usefulness of vincristine may be enhanced by the use of infusion techniques. A maximum daily dose of 0.5 mg/m2 given for five days is recommended for future trials of intravenous vincristine infusion. PMID- 7306916 TI - Concomitant hepatic radiation and intraarterial fluorinated pyrimidine therapy: correlation of liver scan, liver function tests, and plasma CEA with tumor response. AB - Sixteen patients with metastatic disease to the liver (12 colorectal and four unknown primary tumors) were treated in a pilot study of hepatic irradiation (2500-3000 rads in 10-12 fractions) delivered concomitantly with continuous short term intraarterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1 g/d) or FUDR (0.5 mg/kg/d) via a percutaneously placed hepatic artery catheter. Abnormal liver function tests, including SGOT, LDH, and alkaline phosphatase, decreased in all patients by day 7 10 of treatment, and other metabolic factors, including serum cholesterol, calcium, albumin, phosphorous, and uric acid, also decreased, often to subnormal levels by termination of treatment (day 15-20). These chemical alterations did not correlate with tumor response in that the identical pattern was observed in responders (ten patients) as well as nonresponders (six patients). Objective determinants of response were assessed by serial monitoring of the plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and liver scan. In 14 patients with elevated CEA levels, tumor response (nine patients), nonresponse (four patients), and relapse (five patients) was predicted and confirmed by sequential monitoring of CEA. In one patient, a paradoxical decrease in plasma CEA was associated with progressive disease. The liver scan identified all responding patients but was difficult to quantitate and was delayed for months following subjective clinical response and changes in plasma CEA levels. PMID- 7306917 TI - Response of metastatic cloacogenic carcinoma to treatment with semustine. AB - A case of cloacogenic carcinoma of the anorectal junction with pulmonary metastases is presented. Treatment with Semustine (Methyl-CCNU) resulted in a partial response lasting 15 months. Cloacogenic carcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm against which only a few chemotherapeutic agents have been tried. Semustine should be considered in the treatment of metastatic cloacogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7306918 TI - Central nervous system toxicity of high-dose systemic cytosine arabinoside. AB - Forty-nine adult patients with acute leukemia in relapse, refractory to conventional therapy, were studied. Increasing quantities of i.v. bolus high-dose cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine) were administered using the following schedules: 3 g/m2 every 12 hrs for 4-16 consecutive doses, or 4.5 g/m2 every 12 hrs for 12 consecutive doses. Patients ages ranged 16-76 year (median: 38). Thirty-seven patients had previously received either induction or maintainance therapy with conventional doses of cytarabine. Cerebral or cerebellar dysfunction attributable to cytarabine was observed in eight patients and appeared 6-8 days (mean: 6.6) after the first dose and lasted 3-7 days (mean: 4.7). None of 12 patients receiving up to 24 g/m2 total dose of 48 g/m2 developed reversible neurologic dysfunction. Four of six patients receiving 54 g/m2 developed CNS toxicity (irreversible in two cases), a significantly greater incidence compared to toxicity in patients receiving less than or equal to 48 g/m2 total dose (P less than 0.01). CNS toxicity was dose-related since patients treated for 12 consecutive doses of 4.5 g/m2 had significantly greater CNS toxicity than 12 consecutive doses at 3 g/m2 (P less than 0.04). Systemic cytarabine doses less than 54 g/m2 can be administered with minimal CNS side-effects. PMID- 7306919 TI - Intracavitary chromic phosphate (32P) colloidal suspension therapy. AB - Two-hundred-eighty-nine patients received treatment with chronic phosphate (32P) colloidal suspension (CPCS) 346 times since 1963. One-hundred-seventy-eight patients received 200 intraperitoneal treatments. One-hundred-fifteen patients received 144 intrapleural treatments. Six patients received both intraperitoneal and intrapleural treatments. Two patients received two intrapericardial treatments. Results of therapy were evaluated three months later and then at yearly intervals. In those patients who survived three months, the referring physician observed improvement in 85% of intraperitoneal treatment and in 75% of intrapleural treatments. PMID- 7306920 TI - Radiotherapy in nonlentiginous melanoma of the head and neck. AB - Thirty-seven patients with superficial spreading or nodular melanoma of the head and neck treated with irradiation are reviewed. Twenty-one patients were referred within three months of surgery. Six had an incisional biopsy followed by postoperative irradiation, 4 were locally controlled (1 dying of metastatic melanoma, 2 dying of intercurrent disease and 1 is alive and well), and 2 were not (both dead of melanoma). Fifteen patients had a local excisional biopsy (11 having tumor to the limits of the excision) followed by postoperative irradiation. Fourteen of the 15 had local control (3 had lymph node metastases and died, 3 died of distant metastases from melanoma, 7 are alive and well from 1 14 years following treatment, and one is dead of intercurrent disease), and 1 had a local recurrence and subsequently died of metastatic melanoma. Sixteen patients were irradiated for local and/or regionally recurrent disease following unsuccessful surgery, and only two were successfully controlled by irradiation and are alive and well at four and five years, respectively. Local control was 70% when a dose per fraction of greater than 400 rads was used, compared with 25% when a dose per fraction of less than 400 rads was used. It is concluded that nonlentiginous melanoma of the head and neck is not a radioresistant tumor and that local excision followed by high dose per fraction radiotherapy deserves further study in the management of melanomas of the head and neck. PMID- 7306921 TI - The impact of schistosomiasis on the pathology of bladder carcinoma. AB - In a series of 1095 Egyptian patients with carcinoma of the bladder treated by radical cystectomy, 902 cases (82.4%) contained schistosome eggs in the specimens, and 193 (17.6%) were egg-negative. The different tumor parameters were compared in these subgroups to explore any differences that could be related to schistosomal infestation. In egg-positive cases, the tumor developed at a younger age (46.7 years) than in egg-negative cases (53.2 years). Squamous cell carcinoma, commonly of low grade, predominated in the egg-positive group. No difference was observed in the frequency of tumor stages or lymph node metastases between the two subgroups. The limited tendency to distant spread in schistosomal bladder cancer, despite its advanced local stage, is accounted for by the high frequency of low grade tumors rather than the limiting effect of local schistosomal tissue reactions. PMID- 7306922 TI - Papillary adenocarcinoma of the prostatic urethra with clear-cell appearance. AB - The second reported papillary prostatic urethral carcinoma displaying an unusual clear-cell or so-called mesonephroid histologic appearance is described. Neoplasms arising from the utricular region have generated considerable discussion of their histogenesis and hormone-responsiveness. A review of the literature as well as consideration of this case suggests that the lesion's clear cell appearance should not be used as evidence for mullerian derivation from the utricle. The authors favor a periurethral gland origin for this particular tumor. PMID- 7306924 TI - Plasma prolactin levels in patients with breast cancer. AB - The plasma prolactin levels of 98 healthy women 22 to 65 years old showed a strong inverse correlation with age. This relationship persisted for older premenopausal and postmenopausal women (aged 30 to 65 years) whose results were compared with those of 34 premastectomy early breast cancer patients, another 38 studied four to six weeks after mastectomy, and 38 with advanced disease (age range, 30 to 77 years). There was no correlation between age and plasma prolactin in any of the breast cancer groups. When patients and controls were classified according to their menopausal status, the premastectomy and postmastectomy early breast cancer groups both showed significantly higher prolactin concentrations than the corresponding controls (P less than 0.001) in all cases). These abnormalities were particularly prominent in the patients studied after surgery, although the difference was significant only for the postmenopausal groups (P less than 0.05). Plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol levels were normal in postmastectomy patients, suggesting that stress was not the cause of elevated prolactin levels. In advanced breast cancer, elevated plasma prolactin concentrations were found only in the postmenopausal patients. PMID- 7306923 TI - Metastases of carcinoma to intracranial meningioma: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - Two cases of metastases from carcinoma to intracranial meningioma are presented. In the first case the presence of the malignant tumor was unsuspected at the time of intracranial operation. In the second case, a breast cancer had been previously removed, and unusual cranial computed tomographic findings were noted. The literature on metastases to intracranial tumors is reviewed, and the association of meningioma and carcinoma of the breast is emphasized. PMID- 7306925 TI - The low incidence of colorectal cancer in a "high-risk" population: its correlation with dietary habits. AB - In Israel, the incidence of colorectal cancer is highest in European-American born Jews, although this incidence is lower than that found in European-born Jews living in the United States. A significantly lower-than-expected incidence was found in a specific kibbutz established by immigrants of European origin. Matched population samples from this kibbutz and the city of Tel Aviv revealed significant differences in dietary habits. The kibbutz members ate more unavailable carbohydrate and ascorbic acid and had a higher dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P/S) ratio than the city dwellers. Both groups ate more crude fiber, less saturated fat, and less beef than has been reported from American and European countries. This kibbutz diet seems to have prevented large bowel cancer, parallels the "prudent" diet of Wynder, and possibly indicates the feasibility of colorectal cancer prevention. PMID- 7306926 TI - Nonfunctional paraganglioma of the larynx: clinical and pathological considerations. AB - Paraganglioma of the larynx is a rare neoplasm. A review of the 16 previously reported cases in English medical literature is presented along with the details of an additional case. The tumor was analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The anatomy and embryology of the laryngeal paraganglia and controversies in nomenclature are discussed. Hoarseness, pain, dysphagia, and neck mass are the cardinal symptoms of this neoplasm; other clinical characteristics are reviewed. Partial laryngectomy and excision via lateral pharyngotomy and extralaryngeal approaches are the most commonly employed methods of treatment. More aggressive therapy including radical neck dissection, total laryngectomy, and radiation therapy have been used for malignancies. PMID- 7306927 TI - Anaplastic carcinoma arising from median ectopic thyroid (thyroglossal duct remnant). AB - The first case of anaplastic carcinoma arising in median ectopic thyroid (thyroglossal duct remnants) in an 84-year-old woman is presented. This expands the spectrum of histologic types of thyroid malignancies reported in this location and supports the theory that these carcinomas arise from thyroid rests associated with thyroglossal ducts. The presence of a histologically benign follicular neoplasm adjacent to the carcinoma suggests the possibility that the anaplastic carcinoma resulted from the transformation of an underlying well differentiated tumor. Some unusual features of this case are discussed as well as the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct remnant. PMID- 7306929 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - One hundred patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix were evaluated. Of the 48 Stage I patients, 13 were treated with radical surgery, 16 with radiation alone, and 19 with combination therapy. Life table analysis of Stage I patients showed no significant difference in survival for those treated with radical surgery or combination therapy. Both groups had a greater five-year survival (P less than 0.05) than those treated with radiation. Recurrences in Stage I were more frequent with primary radiation alone, both locally and at distant sites (P less than 0.01). Greater tumor size was related to poorer survival, and failures in patients with larger lesions were more common in those treated with radiation therapy. Survival for the 32 Stage II patients was greater for those treated with combination therapy. Higher tumor grade was associated with poorer survival for each stage, regardless of treatment. More complications were associated with radiation therapy than with radical surgery. Radiation therapy alone is not sufficient for patients with Stage I and II disease, and radical surgery may be appropriate treatment for Stage I disease. PMID- 7306933 TI - Relationships between mutagenic potency, reversion mechanism and metabolic behaviour within a class of chemicals (hydrazine derivatives). AB - Homogeneous mutagenicity data, available for 16 hydrazine derivatives assayed in the Salmonella/microsome test, were tentatively associated with their chemical structure. Some possible relationships were detected between chemical features and the following parameters in vitro: (a) mutagenic potency, expressed as revertants per micromole compound, which varied over a 3200-fold range without S 9 mix and a 7000-fold range with S-9 mix; (b) reversion mechanism, as inferred from the selective sensitivity of 5 Salmonella typhimurium tester strains; (c) metabolic behaviour in the presence of S-9 mix containing rat liver, mouse liver or mouse lung /-9 fractions from animals treated with Aroclor-1254. PMID- 7306930 TI - A comparison of cancer risk in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. AB - The authors estimated cancer risk among 589 patients hospitalized with Crohn's disease between 1960-1976 by calculating the ratios of observed number of cancers (O) in our hospital sample to the expected number of cancers (E) based on the age and sex-specific cancer rates of a standard population. The authors then compared these O/E ratios with the O/E ratios similarly calculated among 267 patients hospitalized with ulcerative colitis. The risk of colorectal cancer was significantly increased in Crohn's disease (O/E = 6.9, P less than 0.001). This increase was similar in magnitude to that found in left-sided ulcerative colitis (O/E = 8.6, P less than 0.001) but was much less than that found in universal ulcerative colitis (O/E = 26.5, P less than 0.001). The incidence of small bowel cancer was greatly increased in the combined group of regional enteritis and ileocolitis (O/E = 85.8, P less than 0.001), and even more so in the regional enteritis group alone (O/E = 114.5, P less than 0.001). The incidence of extraintestinal cancer did not increase in any of the patient groups. PMID- 7306928 TI - Splenic rupture in patients with hematologic malignancies. AB - Five cases of pathologic rupture of the spleen in patients with hematologic malignancy are presented along with a review of the 48 cases previously described in the English literature. Pathologic splenic rupture occurred most commonly in patients with acute leukemia but has been well documented in chronic leukemias and in lymphoma as well. Nearly all patients experience abdominal pain at the time of rupture; however, this pain was frequently confused clinically with that of biliary tract obstruction, aortic aneurysm, perforated viscus, pancreatitis, and angina pectoris. Pain referred to the left shoulder (Kehr's sign) was present in only 17% of patients. Hypotension was documented in 66%, fever in 74%, and tachycardia in 75%. The most effective diagnostic procedure was paracentesis, which confirmed intraabdominal hemorrhage in each of the nine cases in which the procedure was used. A correct preoperative diagnosis of splenic rupture was reported in only 10 of the 53 cases reviewed. Fifty-two percent of the patients underwent laparotomy; 48% died without operation. Of those that underwent surgery, 78% survived the procedure and the immediate postoperative period. The survival rate of all patients was 38%. There was no correlation of the type of hematologic malignancy, occurrence or type of treatment, peripheral blood counts, or spleen size to survival. The most important factor in predicting survival was appropriate surgery. PMID- 7306931 TI - A comparative ultrastructural study of hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps, incidental and in association with colorectal cancer. AB - Adenomatous polyps of the colon were examined by light and electron microscopy in high risk patients having synchronous carcinoma and in low risk patients having incidental polyps only. There was no difference between these groups when polyp size, degree of dysplasia, and pattern of growth were correlated at light microscopic level. However, the groups differed ultrastructurally; the synchronous polyps showed atypical features, characterized in particular by abnormal secretory droplets and increased numbers of undifferentiated cells. Hyperplastic polyps were also included in the study and showed no atypia. Previously, adenomas from cases of familial polyposis coli have been shown to contain similar abnormal secretory droplets, and it is suggested that this ultrastructural change may be an important marker of early malignancy. Histochemistry and immunohistology may help to characterize the secretory material further. PMID- 7306932 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of renal cell adenocarcinoma and urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis in the same kidney diagnosed by preoperative angiography. AB - An unusual case of dissimilar histologic neoplasms in the same kidney is presented. An 86-year-old man had renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in the same kidney eight years after therapy for urinary bladder carcinoma. These two different types of neoplasms were identified preoperatively by angiography. A peculiar hamartoma was also found in the same kidney. PMID- 7306934 TI - Carcinogenicity of methylmercury chloride in ICR mice: preliminary note on renal carcinogenesis. AB - ICR mice (60/group) were fed diets containing methylmercury chloride (MMC) in 0, 15 or 30 ppm for 78 weeks. The majority of mice in the 30-ppm group died due to the neurotoxicity by week 26. The first renal mass was grossly seen in a male of the 15-ppm group at week 58. Histopathology on kidney tissue from all animals surviving after 53 weeks revealed renal tumors in 13 of 16 males of the 15-ppm group in contrast with 1 of 37 males of the control. No renal tumors were seen in the female treated groups and/or control groups. PMID- 7306935 TI - Methylation of chromosomal DNA by two alkylating agents differing in carcinogenic potential. AB - The affinity of 2 methylating agents, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a potent carcinogen, and dimethyl sulfate (DMS), a very weak or non-carcinogen, for specific structural or functional regions of DNA has been studied in an in vitro system using rat liver nuclei. The release of alkylated nucleotides from nuclei following limited nuclease digestion was measured. Under restrictive conditions, pancreatic DNase I preferentially digests DNA sequences active in RNA transcription while micrococcal nuclease digests spacer DNA between nucleosome cores. Nucleotides methylated by methylnitrosourea were preferentially released early during the digestions, suggesting a localization in both actively transcribing regions and spacer DNA. DMS alkylation, on the other hand, showed a random distribution in chromosomal DNA as measured by micrococcal nuclease and only limited accumulation in transcribing DNA. PMID- 7306936 TI - Enhancement of mutagenicity by hydroxypyrenes in Salmonella. AB - 1-Hydroxypyrene and 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxypyrene were isolated and identified in the metabolites of pyrene by rat liver microsomal fraction, and the presence of 1,8- and 1,6-dihydroxypyrene in the metabolites was proposed. These hydroxypyrenes, as well as pyrenequinones reported previously, enhanced intensively the mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). PMID- 7306937 TI - Effect of pH and ammonium ions on mutagenic activity in cooked beef. AB - Controversy surrounding the extraction procedure commonly used for isolating and concentrating mutagens from foods has resulted in a need for the re-examination of the reported mutagenicity in fried hamburgers. Using a procedure in which Na2SO4 and NaOH are substituted for (NH4)2SO4 and NH4OH respectively, mutagenic activity in extracts of hamburgers fried for 5 min appeared to be unchanged. However, when organic extractions are performed at pH conditions more moderate than those generally employed to isolate mutagens from foods, a 30-50% decrease in mutagenicity is observed. PMID- 7306939 TI - Nickel carbonate induces DNA-protein crosslinks and DNA strand breaks in rat kidney. AB - DNA lesions were observed in kidney nuclei isolated from rats 20 h after i.p. injection with nickel carbonate. Dose-dependent, nickel-induced DNA crosslinks and DNA single strand breaks were detected using the alkaline elution technique. The DNA crosslinks were determined to be completely DNA-protein in nature. The DNA damage induced by nickel carbonate is discussed relative to the carcinogenicity of nickel compounds. PMID- 7306938 TI - Effect of selenium on azoxymethane-induced intestinal cancer in rats fed high fat diet. AB - The effects of selenium supplementation on azoxymethane-induced intestinal cancer were studied in male Sprague- Dawley rats given 8 weekly injections of azoxymethane (8 mg/kg body wt), and fed a 30% beef fat diet. Selenium supplemented groups received 8 ppm H2SeO3 in drinking water. Blood selenium levels of supplemented rats increased rapidly the first 9 weeks of the experiment, followed by a plateau significantly higher than that for non-selenium controls. There was a significantly increase in liver and intestinal selenium levels in supplemented groups. The average number of intestinal tumors was 6.5 in the control group, and 3.1 in the selenium-supplemented group. There was a significant reduction in tumor incidence in the proximal half of the colon of selenium-treated rats. There was also increased concentration of tissue selenium in the proximal half of the colon of these rats. PMID- 7306940 TI - Carcinogenicity examination of quercetin and rutin in ACI rats. AB - Carcinogenicity of quercetin and rutin were examined in inbred ACI strain rats. Rats were given a diet containing 1% or 5% quercetin or 5% rutin for 540 days, or 10% quercetin and 10% rutin for 850 days. Rats in control groups were fed a normal basal diet. Most tumors found in experimental groups were also found in the corresponding control groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the incidence of tumors in the experimental or control groups (P greater than 0.05). Thus, quercetin and rutin tested were not shown to be carcinogenic to ACI rats. PMID- 7306941 TI - Carcinogenic activity of 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), a pyrolysis product of tryptophan. AB - The carcinogenic activity of 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2), a pyrolysis product of tryptophan, was studied in inbred strain ACI rats. Twenty rats received a diet containing 0.01% Trp-P-2 for 870 days. Nineteen rats survived for more than 400 days after the start of feeding, 1 rat developed a hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver, and 6 rats developed neoplastic liver nodules. These liver tumors were found only in female rats that died 666--870 days after the start of feeding. No liver tumors were found in control animals. PMID- 7306942 TI - Interrelationships between cellular proliferation, DNA alkylation and age as determinants of ethylnitrosourea-induced neoplasia. AB - Thirty-day-old Sprague--Dawley rats were used to study the persistence of DNA lesions (e.g., O6-alkylguanine) induced by various doses of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). Cellular proliferation was measured as an increment of DNA content per organ at 7 days post-treatment. We observed that the persistence of O6-EtGua was not affected by the various dose levels. Comparing the 3 organs, the persistence of O6-EtGua ranked in the order of brain greater than kidney greater than liver, while the percent increase in DNA content was measured as liver greater than kidney greater than brain. When the target specificity of ENU carcinogenesis in 30-day-old rats was compared to that following transplacental exposure in terms of its relationship to the persistence of DNA lesions and the rate of target cellular proliferation, it permitted the conclusion that induction of neoplasia in target cells is not only determined by persistent DNA lesions but also by the rate of proliferation of target cells at the time of exposure. PMID- 7306944 TI - Mixed function oxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The carcinogenic activity of some chemicals may be related to uncoupling of metabolism mediated by the mixed function oxygenase system. The intermediate formation of reactive epoxides or hydroxylamines may be eliminated by glutathione S-transferase. The ratio between these 2 enzymic activities may indicate if individuals are prone to cancerous development. If adequate cellular samples are available, assay of these enzymes may be used to trace individuals at risk. Therefore the present paper estimates these 2 enzymic activities (i.e., aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and N-demethylation, the metabolite forming enzyme activities and glutathione S-transferase, the metabolite detoxifying enzymes), in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 35 subjects. Their median age was 34 years. AHH activity was increased by 52% in the lymphocyte homogenate and by 45% in the microsomal fraction of smokers when compared with non-smokers. The enzyme activity also increased by 73% in the homogenate and by 93% in the microsomes of those taking drugs. The activity of N-demethylase increased by 212% in microsomes of smokers. However, the glutathione S-transferase activity decreased by about 2% in the lymphocyte homogenate and cytosol of smokers. The subjects taking drugs showed a decrease in this enzyme activity by 8% in the homogenate and by 37% in the cytosol. PMID- 7306943 TI - The binding of benzo[a]pyrene to mouse and rat skin DNA. AB - The covalently bound products of[3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BP) were determined in the DNA from the skin of mice and rats. While the total binding to DNA of rat skin is 3 times less than the DNA of mouse skin, the quality and the distribution of bound products was similar. The formation of (7R)-N2-[10-(7beta, 8alpha, 9alpha trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene)yl] deoxyadenosine ((7R)BPDE I-dA) adduct was found. PMID- 7306945 TI - Effect of the pretreatment with disulfiram on the toxicity and antitumor activity of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea in Sprague--Dawley rats. AB - Pretreatment with disulfiram (DSF, 1000 mg/kg p.o.) 2 h prior to intraperitoneal injection of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (HECNU, NSC 29485) reduced the acute toxicity of HECNU by 50% in Sprague--Dawley rats. Thereafter the effect of this additional treatment on the chemotherapeutic activity of HECNU was investigated. After intraperitoneal transplantation of Yoshida sarcoma ascites cells untreated rats had a median survival time of 8 days. The therapeutic response to a single application of HECNU alone or of DSF followed by HECNU was compared. HECNU was injected intravenously at logarithmically increasing doses from 15 to 61.8 mg/kg. The maximum survival time was increased to about 14 days in rats treated with HECNU. Pretreatment with DSF (1000 mg/kg) resulted in identical or slightly higher life expectancies; it thus reduced the toxic side effects of HECNU without inhibiting its antitumor potency. PMID- 7306946 TI - Outgrowth of grafts containing different ratios of hormone-dependent and independent mouse mammary tumor cells. AB - The growth properties of grafts composed of different mixtures of hormone dependent and independent GR mouse mammary tumor cells were investigated. Grafts containing only hormone-dependent mammary tumor cells yielded tumors in 4--6 weeks in estrone plus progesterone treated castrated mice, but not in castrated mice that were not treated with hormones. Grafts containing only autonomous mammary tumor cells yielded tumors in about 2 weeks in both hormone-treated and untreated castrated mice. Grafts containing mixtures of hormone-dependent and autonomous cells yielded tumors in 2 weeks both in hormone-treated and untreated castrates, even when the grafts contained predominantly hormone-dependent cells (up to 90%). These results indicate that the growth behavior of heterogeneous mammary tumor grafts that contain more than 10% autonomous cells, is essentially determined by these cells. Growth of the autonomous cells is not markedly affected by the presence of hormone-dependent cells in the grafts. PMID- 7306947 TI - Metabolism of [14C]benzo[a]pyrene in vivo in the rat. AB - [14C]Benzo[a]pyrene ([14C]B[a]P) injected intraperitoneally into rats appeared rapidly in liver, lung and kidney, and remained detectable in these tissues for at least 7 days. A large proportion (7--13%) of the 14 C became covalently bound to tissue macromolecules, probably primarily proteins. Subcellular organelles of the liver were all found to bind the carcinogen, the microsomes most rapidly and the light mitochondrial fraction taking up 14C later. Nuclear bound 14C was detected in both liver and lung. Purification of the cytosolic 14C from liver revealed specific binding to the same cytosolic proteins purified from the in vitro reaction of [14C] B[a]P. PMID- 7306948 TI - Degenerative behavior of epithelial cells in the colonic crypt of the mouse following administration of colonic carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - The degenerative behavior of cells following administration of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine was analyzed in its target organ, the distal colon of the mouse. Within 3-6 h after carcinogen treatment, an increasing number of epithelial cells in the proliferative compartment of the crypt degenerated. Degenerating cells were present most frequently as phagosomes in the neighboring epithelial cells, and infrequently as pyknotic nuclei being extruded from the epithelial lining in the crypt. Epithelial cells prelabeled with [3H]thymidine degenerated first, followed by those not prelabeled, indicating that the carcinogen-induced degeneration of cells occurred after passage of cells through the DNA synthesis phase. PMID- 7306949 TI - Actin polymerisation in Walker 256 carcinoma cells from solid or ascitic tumours. AB - Use was made of the differential DNase I assay to estimate the relative amounts of polymerised and unpolymerised actin in Walker 256 carcinoma cells from solid or ascitic tumours. The concentration of actin per unit DNA and the relative amount of actin present in a polymerised form were both greater in ascitic tumour cells than in cells from solid tumours. PMID- 7306950 TI - Enhancement of vinblastine-induced cytotoxicity by lysolecithin and phosphatidylinositol. AB - Vinblastine inhibited the growth of cultured KB cells 3 days after drug treatment by 55% and 67% at 2.7 ng/ml and 3.5 ng/ml of the medium, respectively. Lysolecithin and phosphatidylinositol showed only a marginal inhibitory effect on the growth of KB cells at respective concentrations of 35-125 microgram/ml and 50 150 microgram/ml of the medium. Lysolecithin, however, enhanced the cytotoxicity of vinblastine. Depending upon the concentrations of lysolecithin (35-125 microgram/ml), the growth of KB cells was inhibited by 60-91% and 86-98% at respective vinblastine concentrations of 2.7 ng/ml and 3.5 ng/ml. Enhancement of vinblastine-induced cytotoxicity also occurred similarly for phosphatidylinositol. The mechanism could be explained partly by an elevated amount of intracellular vinblastine. Other possible mechanisms can only be speculated. PMID- 7306951 TI - Effect of high dose diethylstilbestrol and ICRF-159 on the growth and metastases of the R3327 MAT-LyLu prostate-derived tumor. AB - The R3327 MAT-LyLu, a lymphotrophic, metastatic prostate-derived rat tumor was treated with high dose diethylstilbestrol or the chemotherapeutic agent ICRF-159. Both drugs inhibited the growth of the primary tumor and the development of metastases. PMID- 7306952 TI - Extremely underwound chromosomal DNA in nucleoids of mouse sarcoma cells. AB - The superhelical properties of chromosomal DNA from cells of a mouse sarcoma were investigated in neutral sucrose gradients containing ethidium bromide. Removal of negative supercoiling from the DNA of the sarcoma cells required a substantially higher dye concentration than was necessary in the case of DNA from cultured mouse fibroblasts. The calculated value of the mean superhelical density in malignant cells (sigma = -0.14) appears abnormally high compared with the value (sigma = -0.09) obtained for DNA of mouse fibroblasts. Chromosomal DNA from mouse sarcoma cells is therefore concluded to be highly deficient in helical turns. PMID- 7306953 TI - Carcinogenic effect of chronic subcutaneous injections of 2,6 dimethylnitrosomorpholine in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous injections of 2,6 dimethylnitrosomorpholine (2,6-DMNM) at 3 different dose levels (1/5, 1/10 or 1/20 LD50) once weekly for life. Up to a 100% rate of tumors of the esophagus was detected in animals which received 1/10 and 1/20 LD50. In addition to tumors of this organ, neoplasms developed at different rates in the lungs and in the liver. PMID- 7306954 TI - The carcinogenic effect of nitrosomethyldodecylamine in European hamsters. AB - Laboratory-bred European hamsters received nitrosomethyldodecylamine (NMDA) subcutaneously in olive oil once weekly for life. The animals showed mainly mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the lung, carcinomas of the urinary bladder and squamous cell carcinomas and sarcomas at the injection site. The tumour incidence was 90% in males and 70% in females, while the average tumour latency was 32 +/- 6 weeks for both sexes. Males had an average survival time of 29 +/- 17 weeks and females 24 +/- 19 weeks. PMID- 7306955 TI - Several heat-sensitive properties of the MULv-induced YAC lymphoma. AB - A therapeutic heat dose of 44.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C/20 min caused either temporary or permanent inhibition of tumor growth in 86% (25/29) of the CAF1/J female mice inoculated in the footpad with MULv-induced YAC lymphoma and heated when the tumor was well established. Heating before the tumor is well established is less effective because the heat-sensitivity of the tumor increases as it grows in the host. The transplantability of this tumor is more effectively impaired when heated tumor tissue is left in situ for 24 h post-heating than if it is excised immediately after heating and implanted in host mice. PMID- 7306956 TI - Relative refractoriness of guinea pigs to carcinogenesis by 5-nitrofurans. AB - Guinea pigs were observed to be refractory to carcinogenesis by 3 different carcinogenic 5-nitrofurans administered at 0.1% of the diet for 50 weeks followed by 74 weeks of control diet. In view of the evidenced involvement of nitroreduction in the metabolic activation of 5-nitrofurans, it is of interest that guinea pig refractoriness is not due to a quantitative nitroreductase deficiency in guinea pig liver. PMID- 7306958 TI - The importance of short term exposure of C3H 10T1/2 cells to polycyclic hydrocarbons: evidence for hydrocarbon-mediated anticarcinogenic activity. AB - Since it has been shown that transformation frequencies (TF) of cultured mammalian cells exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) reach a maximum with increasing PAH concentration and then decline, we have examined TF in C3H 10T1/2 CL8 (10T1/2) cells as a function of an additional parameter of treatment, length of exposure. A 15-min exposure to either benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) or 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MC), at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 10 micrograms/ml, was sufficient to induce transformation suggesting that in 10T1/2 cells, non-induced enzymes of the cytochrome P-450 system are involved in the metabolic activation of PAH. At lower BP concentrations (0.3-1.25 micrograms/ml), TF generally increased with exposure time; at higher BP concentrations (2.5-10 micrograms/ml) maximal TF were achieved with 3 h of exposure. For 3-MC, maximal TF occurred at 0.5-1 h with a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and at 1-6 h with lower concentrations. Moreover, low TF were obtained after 12-h and 24-h exposures to 10 micrograms/ml BP or 3-MC. These results show that TF depend on both the length of exposure and concentration of PAH. Since both BP and 3-MC are extensively metabolized to polyoxygenated derivatives and conjugates, we suggest that certain metabolites may be anticarcinogenic or antipromoting agents. The identities of such metabolites are yet to be determined. PMID- 7306957 TI - Sialic acid metabolism in regenerating rat liver. AB - Sialic acid metabolism was investigated in control rat liver, in regenerating liver at 24 h and 48 h after partial hepatectomy and in the liver of sham operated animals. High levels of membrane-bound neuraminidase, with no detectable changes in the soluble enzyme, were observed in regenerating rat liver. The neuraminidase activities in the liver of sham-operated rats were identical to those present in control liver. High levels of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase and sialyltransferase were observed both in regenerating liver as well as in the liver of sham-operated rats. The sialic acid content of regenerating rat liver, which was lower than that found in the liver of control and sham operated rats at 24 h, returned to normal values 48 h after surgery. PMID- 7306959 TI - Initiation of C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation by formaldehyde. AB - The effects of formaldehyde were evaluated in the C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 cell transformation system. Treatment of the cells with 0.1-2.5 micrograms/ml for formaldehyde alone did not result in significant rates of transformation. If formaldehyde treatment was followed by continuous treatment with 0.1 microgram/ml of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), transformed foci were produced. Methanol and formic acid lacked significant transforming activity under either treatment regimen. The results suggest that formaldehyde is an initiating agent for C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 transformation. The fact that some compounds may act solely as initiators should be considered when this transformation system is used to study chemicals which may interact with cells by mechanisms similar to that of formaldehyde. PMID- 7306960 TI - Differential effects of selenium on the growth of mouse mammary cells in vitro. AB - The effect of selenium was examined on the growth potential of normal, preneoplastic and neoplastic mammary cells grown in primary monolayer cell cultures and on 3 established mammary cell lines. Selenium, present as Na2SeO3 in serum-free DMEM, inhibited all mammary cell cultures at 1 x 10(-5) M. Selenium, at 5 x 10(-8) M, stimulated the growth of primary cell cultures of normal mammary cells and C4 preneoplastic cells and the established cell line YN-4, but not the growth of D2 preneoplastic cells and tumors in primary cell cultures and of established cell lines CL-S1 and WAZ-2t. The differential responses of cells from preneoplastic outgrowth lines C4 and D2 and of D2 primary tumors in vitro correlated with the sensitivity of these same cell populations to selenium mediated inhibition of growth and tumorigenesis in vivo. The differential responses among the 3 cell lines will allow further comparative studies on the cell biological basis of selenium function. PMID- 7306961 TI - Influence of ethyl alcohol on carcinogenesis with N-nitrosodimethylamine. AB - This paper presents the results of an experiment on the combined action of nitrosodimethylamine and ethyl alcohol in C57BL mice. As shown, alcohol can act to change the target organ of that liver carcinogen by favouring development of olfactory neuroepitheliomas, which infiltrate the frontal lobe of the brain. PMID- 7306962 TI - Drug-binding macromolecular lipids from L1210 leukemia tumors. PMID- 7306963 TI - Reduction of tumorigenicity and of dihydrodiol formation by fluorine substitution in the angular rings of dibenzo(a,i)pyrene. AB - The tumor-initiating activities on mouse skin and in vitro metabolism of dibenzo(a,i)pyrene, 2-fluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene, 3-fluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene, and 2, 10-difluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene were compared. After an initiating dose of 500 micrograms, followed by promotion with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, dibenzo(a,i)pyrene induced skin tumors in 85% of the mice and caused 5.8 skin tumors/mouse. The corresponding tumorigenic activities for the fluorinated compounds were: 2-fluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene (85%; 1.7 tumors/mouse); 3 fluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene (80%; 3.1 tumors/mouse); and 2,10 difluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene (10%; 0.1 tumors/mouse). After an initiating dose of 100 micrograms, only dibenzo(a,i)pyrene showed significant tumor-initiating activity. 3,4-Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxydibenzo(a,i)pyrene was identified as a metabolite of dibenzo(a,i)pyrene formed by the 9000 X g supernatant from the livers of Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats. Another dihydrodiol was tentatively identified as 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxydibenzo(a,i)pyrene. The formation of these angular ring dihdrodiols was inhibited in the metabolism of 2 fluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene and 3-fluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene. Angular ring dihydrodiols were not detected in the metabolism of 2,10 difluorodibenzo(a,i)pyrene. These results suggest that an angular ring dihydrodiol, 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxydibenzo(a,i)pyrene, which can form a bay region dihydrodiol epoxide, may be a proximate carcinogen of dibenzo(a,i)pyrene. PMID- 7306964 TI - Experimental radioimmunotherapy of a xenografted human colonic tumor (GW-39) producing carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the antitumor effects of 131I-labeled goat antibody immunoglobulin G prepared against carcinoembryonic antigen in hamsters bearing the carcinoembryonic antigen-producing GW-39 human colonic carcinoma. At a single injection of 1 mCi 131I and higher, a marked growth inhibition of GW-39 tumors, as well as a considerable increase in the survival time of the tumor-bearing hamsters, could be achieved. At a dose of 1 mCi, the radioactive affinity-purified antibody appeared to be superior to radioactive normal goat immunoglobulin G in influencing tumor growth and survival time, but no significant difference could be seen at the higher dose of 2 mCi given. Radiobiological calculations indicated that the tumors received, at up to 20 days after therapy, 1325 rads for the specific antibody and only 411 rads for the normal immunoglobulin G preparation. These findings encourage the further evaluation of antibodies to tumor markers for isotopic cancer therapy. PMID- 7306965 TI - Interactions between tumor subpopulations affecting their sensitivity to the antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. PMID- 7306966 TI - Significance of relapse after adjuvant treatment with combination chemotherapy or 5-fluorouracil alone in high-risk breast cancer. A Western Cancer Study Group Project. AB - Beginning in 1974, patients undergoing mastectomy at high risk for recurrence (greater than or equal to 4 nodes positive; median, 9.4 positive; range, 4 to 28) were randomized after stratification for menopausal status and radiotherapy to receive either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 500 mg/sq m i.v. every week) or cyclophosphamide, 400 mg/sq m; methotrexate, 30 mg/sq m; and 5-FU, 500 mg/sq m (CMF; all given i.v. every 2 weeks) in a 12-month program. All 62 patients remain evaluable with median follow-up now exceeding 70 months (range, 60 to 80 months). CMF significantly prevented early disease recurrence (97% relapse free on CMF versus 75% on 5-FU at 12 months; p less than 0.05) and demonstrated survival advantage during the initial 40-month follow-up. This significance was subsequently lost, and the percentages of relapse free and overall survival after 70 months are: (formula, see text) The apparently paradoxical relationship between relapse and survival on the 5-FU arm was related to survival after recurrence. Survival after recurrence was significantly longer on the 5-FU compared to the CMF arm (median of greater than 38 versus 10 months, respectively; p less than 0.01). These results suggest (a) long-term survival in adjuvant trials cannot be accurately predicted by short-term differences in relapse frequency, (b) survival after relapse may be influenced by the antecedent adjuvant therapy received, and (c) disease relapse does not necessarily preclude long-term survival. PMID- 7306967 TI - Differential response to elutriated 9L cells to treatment with 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. AB - Earlier cytokinetic studies using 9L monolayer culture cells showed that cells began accumulating in the G2 phase (4C position in the DNA distribution) within 30 hr after administration of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (3 micrograms/ml). Most of these cells reached the G2 phase at 48 hr and remained there for another 24 hr. Similar studies using 9L spheroid culture cells show that 9L cells also began to accumulate at the 4C DNA position 30 hr after administration of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (3 micrograms/ml); however, only one-half of the cells accumulated in the 4C peak during the first 48 hr after treatment, while the other half remained at the 2C position. Those that remained at the 2C peak might correspond to the G0 cells that exist in 9L spheroids. When one-half the cells were in 2C and one-half were in 4C, the spheroids were dissociated using an enzyme cocktail and sorted using centrifugal elutriation. Cells from each elutriated fraction were analyzed for DNA content using flow cytometry and for viability using a colony-forming efficiency assay. Results indicated that in spheroids, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (3 micrograms/ml) is more effective against noncycling cells and that repopulation is more vigorous in G2-arrested cells, which presumably were cycling at the time of treatment. PMID- 7306968 TI - Relative frequency and kinetic properties of transport-defective phenotypes among methotrexate-resistant L1210 clonal cell lines derived in vivo. AB - Information was sought on the relative extent to which transport-defective, methotrexate-resistant phenotypes emerge among the total subpopulation of resistant phenotypes during therapeutic challenge of leukemic cells in vivo. A number of monoclonal methotrexate-resistant sublines of the L1210 leukemia were derived during methotrexate therapy of leukemic mice and biochemically characterized. Of the total number of 14 sublines derived, five exhibited altered [3H]methotrexate transport alone, five exhibited increased dihydrofolate reductase content alone (2- to 18-fold), and four showed alterations in both of these properties. Methotrexate binding and substrate turnover rate for dihydrofolate reductase appeared to be unchanged in any of the resistant sublines. The relative resistance of each subline was accounted for by the biochemical alterations observed. Among the transport-defective sublines, one subcategory showed a 3- to 4-fold reduction in apparent influx Vmax for [3H]methotrexate, a second category showed both a 5-fold reduction in influx Vmax and a 3-fold increase in the apparent influx Km, and one subline showed only a 2 fold increase in Km. Otherwise, Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics for influx was observed in each case and in the case of the parental line and the other resistant sublines. None of the resistant sublines exhibited altered efflux of [3H]methotrexate. Steady-state levels measured for intracellular exchangeable (osmotically active) fractions of drug accurately reflected the values for specific kinetic parameters determined for each sensitive and resistant cell line. These studies show that transport-defective phenotypes represent a major category of methotrexate-resistant cell types which emerge initially from leukemic cell populations under therapy in mice. Based on considerations discussed here, it is reasonable to assume that a similar relative occurrence of this phenotype would result during methotrexate therapy of leukemia patients. PMID- 7306969 TI - Effects of hyperthermia and radiation on mouse testis stem cells. AB - The response of mouse testis stem cells to hyperthermia and combined hyperthermia radiation treatments was assayed by spermatogenic colony regrowth, sperm head counts, testis weight loss, and fertility. With the use of spermatogenic colony assay, thermal enhancement ratios at an isosurvival level of 0.1 were 1.27 at 41 degrees, 1.80 at 42 degrees, and 3.97 at 43 degrees for testes exposed to heat for 30 min prior to irradiation. Sperm head counts were reduced by heat alone from a surviving fraction of 0.58 at 41 degrees to 0.003 at 42.5-43.5 degrees. Curves for sperm head survival measured 56 days after the testes had been heated for 30 min prior to irradiation were biphasic and showed a progressive downward displacement to lower survival with increasing temperature. The 41, 42, and 43 degrees curves were displaced downward by factors of 2, 58, and 175, respectively. The proportion of animals remaining sterile after 30 min of heat (41-43 degrees) and the median sterility period in days increased with increasing temperature. The minimum sperm count necessary to regain fertility was 13% of the normal mouse level. PMID- 7306971 TI - Membrane affinity and metabolism of N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine into cultured KB cells. AB - N4-Palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (N4-palmitoyl-ara-C), a lipophilic derivative of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, possessed an affinity for KB cell plasma membrane. Approximately 15 to 25% of the drug incorporated into KB cells was retained in plasma membrane when the cells were treated with the drug for 1 to 32 hr at 10 microM, the concentration required for 50% inhibition of cell growth. Less than 5.3% of the drug was found in the plasma membrane when the cells were treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. N4-Palmitoyl-ara-C in the membrane fraction cosedimented with plasma membrane in a sucrose density gradient at 4 degrees, indicating a close association between the drug and the membrane. The affinity of N4-palmitoyl-ara-C for plasma membrane probably contributes to the efficient uptake rate and the strong cytotoxic effect of N4 palmitoyl-ara-C reported previously. The metabolites of N4-palmitoyl-ara-C in KB cells, treated with the drug for 32 hr at the concentration required for 50% inhibition of cell growth (10 microM), were analyzed by diethylaminoethyl Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and thin-layer and paper chromatography. This analysis showed that over 98% of the drug present in the KB cell was N4 palmitoyl-ara-C. The active metabolites, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, 1 beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate, N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate, were found in amounts of 0.41, 0.37, 0.17, and 0.05%, respectively, of the total drug found in the cells. Also found were the inactive metabolites 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine diphosphate choline in amounts of 0.61 and 0.29%, respectively. PMID- 7306970 TI - Biochemical and clinical effects of selenium on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats. AB - The biochemical and clinical effects of selenium (Na2SeO3) on 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats are presented. A 4-ppm selenium supplement to the drinking water was provided before, during, and after 20 weekly injections of 20 mg DMH per kg body weight. Immediately after the 20th DMH injection, part of the rats were sacrificed. The incidences of colon tumors in groups provided selenium before DMH, before and during DMH, and only during DMH treatment were reduced to 39, 43, and 36%, respectively. The incidence in the DMH only control was 63%. Other rats in all treated and control groups were maintained up to 5 months post-DMH treatment. At 10-week intervals throughout the study, selected blood and tissue components were analyzed. The following hematological changes correlated with DMH treatment. (a) Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase increased 2-fold (normal, 66 +/- 14 g/dl). (b) Serum alkaline phosphatase increased 24% (normal, 166 +/- 56 units/liter). (c) Serum protein decreased 14% (normal, 6.77 +/- 0.48 g/dl). (d) White blood count increased 2- to 3-fold (normal, 7.7 +/- 2.7 X 10(3)/cu mm). And (e) hemoglobin decreased 67% (normal, 18.1 +/- 1.3 g/dl). The magnitude of these changes varies with each selenium treatment group and with each 10-week analysis period. Provision of 4 ppm selenium doubled both liver and blood selenium levels compared to unsupplemented controls. The effects of selenium and DMH treatments on glutathione peroxidase and beta-glucuronidase activities and on sialic acid are presented. Possible mechanisms by which selenium protects against DMH-induced neoplasia are discussed. PMID- 7306972 TI - Potency of some carbamates as multiple tissue sister chromatid exchange inducers and comparison with known carcinogenic activities. AB - The ethyl, ethyl N-hydroxy, isopropyl, and methyl esters of carbamic acid were examined for their abilities to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in alveolar macrophages, bone marrow, and regenerating liver cells of C57BL/6J X DBA/2J F1 mice. The relative potencies in inducing SCE, ethyl greater than ethyl N-hydroxy- greater than isopropyl, paralleled previously described activities for induction of lung adenomas in strain A mice. The noncarcinogenic methyl carbamate was inactive in the SCE assay. Relative to bone marrow, regenerating liver and alveolar macrophage cells demonstrated increased susceptibility to carbamate induced SCE. Of all carbamates studied, only the directly active compound, ethyl N-hydroxycarbamate, produced distinctly different responses in extrahepatic tissues of hepatectomized and intact mice. In intact mice, SCE levels induced by ethyl carbamate in bone marrow and alveolar macrophage cells were not significantly different whether assay followed the last of 12 (three times weekly) serial injections of 2.2 mmol/kg each or after a single injection of 2.2 mmol/kg. Linear regression relationships of log ethyl carbamate versus log SCE or log adenoma response were found to be parallel with the two assays having similar sensitivities. PMID- 7306973 TI - Enhancement of macrophage-induced cytotoxicity by phorbol ester tumor promoters. AB - The potent promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), markedly enhanced the ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages to inhibit the growth of L5178Y tumor cells as measured by growth in agar. Three populations of macrophages, resident, divinylether maleic anhydride copolymer, and thioglycollate-recruited, were used. In general, TPA reduced both the cocultivation time and the number of macrophages required to induce cytotoxicity in all three macrophage types. With divinylether maleic anhydride copolymer macrophages, TPA enhanced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of 1.7 to 170 nM at macrophage: tumor cell ratios of 10:1 and 1:1. For reasons that were not apparent, inhibition of cytotoxicity was found at higher cell ratios. With both thioglycollate-elicited and resident macrophages, TPA (170 nM) enhanced cytotoxicity at all ratios tested. Even 1:1 ratios of macrophages:tumor cells, which were not cytotoxic alone, inhibited cell viability by 50% to 60% in the presence of TPA. A correlation was found between the biological activity of related macrocyclic diterpenes and their ability to enhance macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, mezerein and phorbol didecanoate enhanced macrophage cytotoxicity, while the biologically inactive analogs, phorbol, 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and 4-alpha-phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate were without effect in this assay. Cytotoxicity towards untransformed BALB/c/3T3 cells was also demonstrated using a liquid cloning assay. These target cells were much less sensitive to growth inhibition by the macrophages than were the L5178Y cells. A 50% decrease in survival occurred only after 48 hr incubation and required macrophage: target cell ratios of 100:1. The addition of 170 nM TPA led to a dramatic enhancement of cytotoxicity in these cells at macrophage:target cell ratios of 10:1 and 1:1. The results observed with the phorbol esters in the present studies are compatible with other evidence that these compounds can modulate a variety of macrophage functions. PMID- 7306974 TI - Inhibition of the platelet-aggregating activity of two human adenocarcinomas of the colon and an anaplastic murine tumor with a specific thrombin inhibitor, dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide. AB - Platelets are required for certain experimental metastases. Several lines of animal tumor cells aggregate platelets in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies with one of these lines, an SV40-transformed 3T3 mouse fibroblast (SV3T3) have revealed that the platelet-aggregating material is an extractable membrane associated sialolipoprotein which requires divalent cation, complement, and a heat-stable plasma component for activity. Little information is available on the interaction of human tumors with platelets. We now report on the ability of two human adenocarcinomas of the colon (LoVo and HCT-8) and an anaplastic mouse tumor (Hut-20) to aggregate platelets by a different mechanism, the generation of thrombin. These spontaneous cell lines aggregate human or rabbit platelet-rich plasma after a 1- to 2-min lag period. This is often followed by a visible clot. Unlike SV3T3 cells, aggregation by LoVo, HCT-8, and Hut-20 cells is not inhibited by neuraminidase, trypsin, or cobra venom factor. These three cell lines markedly shorten the recalcification time of citrated plasma, whereas SV3T3 cells do not. Phospholipase A2 treatment inhibits the shortening of the recalcification time for the three tumors; this parallels its inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. LoVo, HCT-8, and Hut-20 cells generate thrombin via the "tissue factor" coagulation pathway (using coagulation factor-deficient substrates). Dansylarginine-N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide, a highly specific, potent antithrombin antagonist, inhibits LoVo-, HCT-8-, and Hut-20-induced platelet aggregation at 4 to 15 microM, whereas its effect on SV3T3 cells is negligible. If platelets are required for certain human tumor metastases, dansylarginine-N-(3 ethyl-1, 5-pentanediyl)amide, or other antithrombin agents, may prove to be valuable therapeutic agents. PMID- 7306975 TI - Induction of glucocorticoid-resistant variants in a murine thymoma line by antitumor drugs. AB - Several antitumor drugs are shown to be mutagenic in murine thymoma lines: mitomycin C, bleomycin, streptonigrin, Colcemid, and BD40, an analog of ellipticine. Using conditions yielding 3 to 40% cell survival, all five drugs tested increase the frequency of glucocorticoid-resistant variants. Mitomycin C is as efficient as the classical alkylating agents N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine and ethyl methanesulfonate. The other drugs, previously untested for mutagenic activity on mammalian cells, are weak mutagens yielding variants at frequencies 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than the alkylating agents. All 152 variants obtained result from defects in the glucocorticoid receptor. Variants induced by mitomycin C, streptonigrin, Colcemid, and BD40 have very reduced receptor activity, as measured by dexamethasone binding. In contrast, bleomycin or the combination of mitomycin C and dexamethasone induce a majority of variants having dexamethasone-binding activity comparable to the parental line. However, assays of nuclear transfer capacity and genetic complementation show that these receptors are nonfunctional and may result from point mutations in the gene encoding the glucocorticoid receptor. This study suggests that, in combination therapies, antitumor drugs might induce glucocorticoid-resistant lymphoid cell variants that could be selected by the hormone. PMID- 7306976 TI - Inhibition of cell cycle progression of human pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro by L-(alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid, Acivicin (NSC 163501). AB - The inhibition of cell cycle progression of a human pancreatic carcinoma line, MiaPaCa-2, by L-(alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (Acividin), an antimetabolite and glutamine antagonist, was investigated by means of flow cytometry, cell cycle kinetics, and cell enumeration. Flow cytometric criteria for logarithmically growing MiaPaCa-2 cells were established. Logarithmically growing cells exposed to 50 microM Acivicin appeared to markedly reduce their rate of cell cycle progression after they passed a point in later G1 phase or in early S phase. MiaPaCa-2 cells grew in the presence of 50 microM Acivicin with a population-doubling time of approximately 74 hr compared to a 20 hr doubling time for controls. The inhibition of cell cycle progression was at least partially reversed by removal of the drug. Based on previous reports of the biochemical mechanisms of Acivicin actions, several additives to the tissue culture medium were tested for their ability to protect MiaPaCa-2 cells from inhibition of cell cycle progression. Those cultures which contained cytidine partially protected the cells from Acivicin. The mechanism of inhibited growth induced by exposure to Acivicin is likely a complex reaction to the inhibition of several enzyme systems. PMID- 7306977 TI - Adducts from the reaction of O,O'-diacetyl or O-acetyl derivatives of the carcinogen 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide with purine nucleosides. AB - The diacetyl derivative of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO), the proximate carcinogen of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, was reacted in vitro with purine nucleosides to give five adducts (three with guanosine and two with adenosine). The same nucleoside modifications were also obtained with a monoacetyl derivative of 4-HAQO which is probably 4-acetoxyaminoquinoline 1 oxide. The structure of the major adduct (the so-called dG III) was identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-C8-yl)-4-aminoquinoline 1-oxide. The isolation of this adduct from the 4-HAQO-modified DNA in vivo provides strong support for the hypothesis that the acetyl derivatives of 4-HAQO constitute a good model for the ultimate carcinogen. PMID- 7306978 TI - Autoradiographic distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative in normal and tumor tissue of the mouse. AB - The distribution of isotopically labeled hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) has been studied in mice bearing the spontaneous mammary tumor (fast growing). In stomach, liver, spleen, and pancreas, 3 hr after i.p. injection of [3H]HPD, grains were uniformly distributed over the tissue sections. After 24 hr, the grain density overlying parenchymous areas of these tissues was lower than that over the stromal or reticuloendothelial areas. In the spontaneous mammary tumor (fast growing), higher grain densities were seen over pseudocapsule, stromal septa, and necrotic areas at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr after injection. At 168 hr postinjection, only isolated stomal cells, presumably macrophages, showed high grain densities. From the temporal changes observed in the distributions of HPD in normal tissues and the relative stability of the distribution seen in the spontaneous mammary tumor (fast growing), we speculate that tissue factors such as vascular permeability, lack of an adequate lymphatic drainage, and nonspecific binding of serum proteins to stromal elements may be responsible for or contribute to the preferential uptake and/or retention of HPD observed in both human and animal tumors. PMID- 7306979 TI - Invasion of an artificial blood vessel wall by human fibrosarcoma cells. AB - Artificial blood vessel walls constructed by the addition of bovine arterial endothelial cells to multilayers of rat smooth muscle cells were used as substrates for the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. The extracellular matrix proteins elaborated by the smooth muscle cells were prelabeled with [3H]-proline; therefore, their subsequent digestion could be followed by the appearance of radioactivity in the culture medium. The fibrosarcoma cells rapidly hydrolyzed smooth muscle multilayers in the absence of endothelial cells, but an endothelial layer markedly retarded the destructive ability of the tumor cells. The protective effect of the endothelium was not due to a lack of penetration of this cell layer, since HT1080 cells were observed by light and electron microscopy to be in the subendothelial area 24 hr after plating. Subsequently, the tumor cells multiplied in the region between the endothelial and smooth muscle layers and, although their degradative ability was retarded, they were ultimately capable of destroying the structure. Endothelial cells also inhibited hydrolysis of the smooth muscle layers if added simultaneously or up to 1 week after HT1080 cells, but the degree of inhibition was not as great as that seen with a preestablished endothelial layer. Measurable inhibition of tumor cell degradative activity was observed at fibrosarcoma:endothelial cell ratios of 25:1, demonstrating the potency of endothelial cells in modulating this aspect of the invasive phenotype. Although the HT1080 cells only slowly degraded the preexisting matrix proteins in artificial vessel wall cultures, they interfered with the production of new connective tissue proteins which occurred in control cultures. These experiments therefore suggest that endothelial cells have profound effects on tumor cell proteolytic activity, and the significance of these observations to tumor cell extravasation in vivo is discussed. PMID- 7306980 TI - Tumor-promoting phorbol diester-induced specific changes in cell surface glycoprotein profile of K562 human leukemic cells. AB - The tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), induced specific changes in the cell surface glycoprotein profile of K562 human leukemic cells. TPA-treated K562 cells were examined by cell surface labeling followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-glycophorin antiserum or anti-K562 antiserum. TPA-treated K562 cells lost glycophorin and glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 105,000, which are specific to later stages of erythroid cell differentiation, and retained glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 95,000, which is specific to early stages of erythroid cell differentiation. On the other hand, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, which is inactive as a tumor promoter, induced no significant changes in cell surface glycoproteins of K562 cells. In parallel, TPA induced morphological changes of K562 cells as their growth was inhibited, whereas 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate had no effect on these two characteristics. Thus, the tumor promoter induced specific changes in the cell surface glycoprotein profile of K562 human leukemic cells, which appeared to be induced into a retrodifferentiated stage. PMID- 7306981 TI - Reversible inhibition of rat hepatocyte proliferation by hydrocortisone and its effect on cell cycle-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - The susceptibility of hepatocytes to carcinogenesis in vivo may be influenced by the phase of the cell cycle at which carcinogen-induced damage is incurred. In order to better understand this relationship, hepatic cell proliferation in juvenile male Fischer 344 rats was charted following a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. For hepatocytes, two distinct waves of DNA synthesis occurred which were followed after 6 to 8 hr by waves of mitotic cell division. In contrast to this kinetic pattern, when hydrocortisone was given after the partial hepatectomy, the initial waves of DNA synthesis and mitosis by hepatocytes were each delayed by about 15 hr. In rats not given hydrocortisone, susceptibility to heptocarcinogenesis by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea was greatest at 20 hr after partial hepatectomy when the peak fraction of proliferating hepatocytes was in the S phase. By shifting the time of onset of DNA synthesis, the hydrocortisone treatments also shifted the time with greatest sensitivity to N-methyl-N nitrosourea, with hepatocytes in late G1 or S again the most susceptible. Numerous tumors were also induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in extrahepatic tissues, including intestine, Zymbal's gland, nervous system, kidneys, odontogenic tissues, and peritesticular mesothelium. The results illustrate the importance of cell proliferation in carcinogenesis and further point to the specific sensitivity of certain cell cycle phases. PMID- 7306982 TI - Effect of lonidamine on the energy metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The action of Lonidamine [1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1-H-indazol-3-carboxylic acid] on oxygen consumption and the rate of aerobic and anaerobic lactate production by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells has been investigated. The rate of oxygen consumption decreases exponentially with the increase of Lonidamine concentration, with maximal inhibition occurring at 0.40 mM Lonidamine. The rate of aerobic lactate production is inhibited to the same extent as is the oxygen consumption. However, the maximum effect is observed at 0.12 mM Lonidamine, and the decrease is linear with Lonidamine concentration. Anaerobic lactate production is more sensitive to Lonidamine, and complete inhibition can be observed by raising the concentration to 0.6 mM. The possibility that the decrease observed in lactate production was secondary to the inhibition of sodium- and potassium-containing adenosinetriphosphatase was excluded, because the drug has no effect on this enzyme. Mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase was not affected. Lonidamine was, however, shown to inhibit the activity of mitochondrially bound hexokinase to approximately the same extent as it inhibited aerobic glycolysis (approximately 70%). It is concluded that inhibition of the glycolysis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by Lonidamine results from an effect of the drug on the mitochondrially bound hexokinase. PMID- 7306983 TI - Morphological effects of diethylstilbestrol on neonatal mouse uterus and vagina. AB - Administration of diethylstilbestrol (DES) to neonatal mice causes a high incidence of vaginal adenosis comparable to adenosis in women who were exposed to DES in utero. In the present study, scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate morphological events that might be involved in the development of adenosis. The effects of DES on luminal epithelia of neonatal mouse uterus, vaginal canal, and vaginal fornix were compared with the effects of the drug on those tissues of the adult mouse. BALB/c mice were given five s.c. injections of 2 micrograms DES in sesame oil or of sesame oil alone (controls) on postnatal Days 1 through 5 and were killed on Day 7. Ovariectomized adult BALB/c mice were given s.c. injections of 2 or 20 micrograms DES or of oil on 5 consecutive days and were killed 2 days after the last injections. In neonatal and adult uteri, DES stimulated the growth of microvilli on epithelial cells. The numbers of long and intermediate-length microvilli were markedly increased relative to those in control uteri. DES caused epithelial cornification in all samples of adult vaginal canal and fornix and in three of eleven Day 7 vaginal canal samples, but not in the remaining eight Day 7 vaginal canal samples or in any of ten Day 7 fornix samples. In the latter tissues, DES caused a marked increase in numbers of short, long, and intermediate-length microvilli on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells. Thus, in the majority of cases, en Day 7 vaginal canal samples, but not in the remaining eight Day 7 vaginal canal samples or in any of ten Day 7 fornix samples. In the latter tissues, DES caused a marked increase in numbers of short, long, and intermediate-length microvilli on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells. Thus, in the majority of cases, en Day 7 vaginal canal samples, but not in the remaining eight Day 7 vaginal canal samples or in any of ten Day 7 fornix samples. In the latter tissues, DES caused a marked increase in numbers of short, long, and intermediate-length microvilli on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells. Thus, in the majority of cases, the response of neonatal fornicovaginal epithelium to DES resembled that of neonatal and adult uterine epithelium more than it resembled the response of adult fornicovaginal epithelium; the uterine-like response might be causally related to the development of adenosis. PMID- 7306984 TI - In vivo and in vitro growth of a rat tracheal squamous cell carcinoma. AB - We investigated the effect of in vitro and in vivo environments on the growth behavior of two stable, related rat tracheal squamous cell carcinoma lines while controlling for cell selection. One line was transplanted as tumors in syngeneic hosts for 2 years of continuous passage, and the other was derived from an early tumor passage and maintained continuously in cell culture, The in vitro cell cycle kinetics and doubling time of cells from the transplanted tumor line were identical to those of the long-term-cultured cell line and, when implanted into syngeneic hosts, the cultured cell line gave rise to tumors with growth behavior that was the same as that of the transplanted tumors. The differences in the cell cycle kinetics and growth parameters of the cells in the solid tumors and of the same cells in culture can be explained on the basis of differences in their environments. Selection for different populations of cells when the cells are transferred between environments is unlikely. The comparability of the populations in each of the two environments supports the validity of tests on cells isolated from solid tumors, as long as the cells are simply transferred between the environments and are not allowed to undergo selection during passage in the new environment. PMID- 7306985 TI - Measurement of diethylstilbestrol in plasma from patients with cancer of the prostate. AB - A specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for diethylstilbestrol (DES), using an antiserum raised against DES monocarboxymethyl ether and a tritium labeled radioligand. Prior to radioimmunoassay, a fraction enriched in DES is obtained from a dichloroethane extract of plasma using Sephadex LH-20. The specificity of the assay is good, and the sensitivity (130 pg/ml) is adequate for accurate determination of DES in plasma from prostatic cancer patients treated with the drug. The precision is satisfactory, with an interassay coefficient of variation of approximately 10% at concentrations of approximately 1 ng/ml, and the blank values are negligible. Excellent agreement (r = 0.96) is observed between data obtained by radioimmunoassay and those obtained by a procedure using gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. DES concentrations in the plasma of six treated (1 mg DES three times daily) patients were in the range 0.15 to 6.0 ng/ml. Increases in plasma concentration were observed within 2 hr of administration, with secondary rises occurring 5 to 6 hr later. Plasma testosterone concentrations were low in four of the patients; in a single subject, relatively high levels of testosterone were further elevated following administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. PMID- 7306986 TI - Effect of nitrous oxide on human bone marrow cells and its synergistic effect with methionine and methotrexate on functional folate deficiency. AB - 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate homocysteine methyltransferase activity in human bone marrow cells obtained from patients undergoing surgical operation became low after about 4 hr of nitrous oxide (N2O) anesthesia. The deoxyuridine suppression test performed on these bone marrow cells also became abnormal after about 6 hr of N2O anesthesia. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in the bone marrow cells preincubated with methionine or methotrexate was much higher after N2O anesthesia than before anesthesia. Since N2O and methionine or methotrexate have a synergistic effect on depletion of functional folate, N2O alone or in combination with methionine or methotrexate might be of value for cancer treatment and deserve clinical trials. PMID- 7306987 TI - Maintenance by saccharin of membrane alterations of rat bladder cells induced by subcarcinogenic treatment with bladder carcinogens. AB - Saccharin is known to have a tumor-promoting effect on bladder cancer in rats, but its mechanism of action is unknown. We demonstrated that the increased agglutinability of isolated epithelial cells of the bladder in the presence of concanavalin A caused by a subcarcinogenic dose of bladder carcinogens disappeared shortly after the end of their administration. However, saccharin maintained the increased agglutinability when given continuously after administration of carcinogen. Moreover, the agglutinability of bladder cells previously exposed to a subcarcinogenic dose of bladder carcinogens increased again when saccharin was given after the agglutinability had disappeared completely. PMID- 7306989 TI - Some considerations about limits of cyclophosphamide solubility in cancer research on small animals. PMID- 7306990 TI - Possible requirement of internalization in the mechanism of in vitro cytotoxicity in tumor necrosis serum. AB - The mechanism of in vitro cytotoxicity by tumor necrosis serum (TNS) and a purified fraction was examined using sensitive L-M cells. Cell death was assessed by uptake of the dye trypan blue and/or by release of radiolabeled chromium. Cell killing was time and dose dependent. Cell survival was assessed by counting the number of survivors via their ability to internalize the dye neutral red and/or by adherent cell protein. The cytotoxin was not cytostatic. Survival was found to be inversely proportional to cell death. The change in survival was used to estimate the number of cells killed. The number of cells killed was logarithmically related to the amount of toxin. The ability to kill a fixed number of cells was inversely related to the number of cells in the assay well. It was estimated that, at ideal cell seed numbers, 1 microgram of TNS protein per 250 microliter killed about 50,000 cells in a 20-hr period. Sensitivity was equated with the amount of TNS required to kill 35,000 cells in 20 hr. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis and also elevated temperatures enhanced sensitivity. The combined treatment of 1 microM actinomycin D and 40 degrees enhanced sensitivity by 15-fold. Resistant normal and tumorigenic cell lines (including human) were rendered sensitive by concomitantly treating them with TNS and cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Cytoskeletal-disrupting agents (colchicine, Colcemid, and cytochalasin B), inhibitors of lysosome activity (chloroquine, methylamine, and leupeptin), and 32 degrees all depressed sensitivity. Sensitivity was nearly equivalent in calcium-free medium. Results substituting partially purified cytotoxin were similar. The results suggest that a toxic factor(s) may need to be internalized and that lysosomal activity may be necessary for cell killing. Comparisons with lymphotoxin are discussed. PMID- 7306988 TI - Effects of 5-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine hydrochloride (Ticlopidine), a platelet aggregation inhibitor, on blood-borne metastasis. AB - A new platelet aggregation inhibitor compound, 5-(2-chlorobenzyl-4,5,6,7 tetrahydrothieno[3,2-C]pyridine hydrochloride (ticlopidine), was examined for its inhibitory effects on blood-borne metastasis using three different rodent tumors (B16 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and rat ascites hepatoma, AH130). Ticlopidine was administered p.o. to the rodents. It inhibited the aggregation of platelets induced by adenosine diphosphate, thrombin, crude extract of AH130, and viable AH130 and B16 melanoma cells and also resulted in a significant decrease of pulmonary metastasis induced by i.v. injection of B16 melanoma and AH130. Spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma was also inhibited by p.o. administration of ticlopidine. This new compound may be a useful agent for inhibiting platelet aggregation caused by various agents and for suppressing hematogenous pulmonary metastasis. PMID- 7306991 TI - Fatty acid metabolism in phorbol ester-differentiating human leukemia cells. AB - Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) undergo differentiation when treated with the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). As the primary target for TPA action is membranes, studies were undertaken to determine whether phorbol ester exposure would influence fatty acid metabolism in these cells. In cells incubated with labeled fatty acids for 1 hr, the percentage of distribution of lipid radioactivity is highest in the phospholipid fraction of control cultures, whereas in TPA-supplemented cells, substantially more label is associated with triacylglycerols. The specific activity of phospholipids and triacylglycerols was lower in treated than in control cells; however, the amount of cellular triacylglycerols increased 3.2-fold (lipid per mg protein). The increase in the amount of cellular phospholipids in TPA-treated cells is not as pronounced (approximately 50% above control), and this only occurs at higher concentrations of TPA. At early times after TPA exposure, there is no stimulation of the cellular uptake of labeled fatty acids; however, differentiating cells (24 to 48 hr of TPA), when incubated with label, contained more radioactivity than did control cultures. Cells treated with TPA for 48 hr show a marked decrease in the conversion of [1-14C]stearic acid to monoenoic product (22% of control); this decrease is dose dependent and occurs within 24 to 48 hr of treatment. Although the phospholipid fatty acid composition of differentiating cells was similar to control cells, acyl groups of triacylglycerols isolated from treated cells showed a marked decrease in the percentage of unsaturates. These data provide evidence which demonstrates that TPA treatment of HL-60 cells has a profound effect on fatty acid metabolism. The lack of an effect of TPA on fatty acid metabolism after short-term exposure to the promoter suggests that the modifications observed may be the result of cellular differentiation rather than a direct effect exerted by the presence of TPA in the culture media. PMID- 7306992 TI - Spectral dependencies of killing, mutation, and transformation in mammalian cells and their relevance to hazards caused by solar ultraviolet radiation. AB - Using germicidal lamps and Westinghouse sunlamps with and without filtration, the effectiveness of ultraviolet and near-ultraviolet light in inducing molecular and cellular changes was measured. Cell survival and the induction of resistance to 6 thioguanine or to ouabain were measured with V79 Chinese hamster cells, cell survival and neoplastic transformation were measured with C3H mouse 10 T 1/2 cells, and the induction of pyrimidine dimers containing thymine was measured in both cell lines. The short-wavelength cutoff of the sunlamp emission was shifted from approximately 290 nm (unfiltered) to approximately 300 and approximately 310 nm by appropriate filters. Although it was found that the efficiency with which all end points were induced progressively decreased as the short-wavelength cutoff was shifted to longer wavelengths, the rates of decrease differed appreciably. For example, doses of near-ultraviolet light longer than approximately 300 nm that were effective in mutating or in transforming cells were ineffective in killing them. In respect to pyrimidine dimer induction, several but not all cellular end points were induced by dose ratios of sunlamp light (short-wavelength cutoff, approximately 290 nm) to germicidal lamp light (254 nm) in fairly close accord with the doses required to produce equivalent proportions of dimers. However, for near-ultraviolet light having cutoffs at longer wavelengths, the biological action observed was appreciably greater than what would be predicted from the proportion of dimers induced. From the latter observation, it is inferred that increasing intensities of short-wavelength ultraviolet light, as would be expected from reductions in stratospheric ozone around the earth, would result in smaller increases in biological action, e.g., skin cancer, compared to current levels of action than would be predicted from an action spectrum completely corresponding to that of a pyrimidine dimer induction spectrum in DNA. PMID- 7306993 TI - Differential expression of murine leukemia antigen on L1210 parental and drug resistant sublines. AB - The different expression of surface antigens on L1210 leukemia DBA/2 and drug resistant L1210 sublines was investigated. Indirect cytotoxic test, the anti L1210/v alloantiserum reacted more strongly with subline cells than with parental cells. Absorption of the antiserum with Gross cellular surface antigen-positive AKR leukemia (AKSL-4) cells led to a much greater difference in this reactivity. Quantitative absorption experiments revealed that the drug-resistant sublines had 5 times higher absorption capacity than did the parental line. After complete absorption of antibodies against murine leukemia virus-related antigens, the anti L1210/v alloantiserum still reacted with L1210 cells. This cytotoxicity could be removed after absorption with C3H mammary tumor (MAC-1) cells but not with normal C3H lymphocytes. These results provide evidence that the major cytotoxic activity of the antiserum against L1210 and L1210 subline cells was due to antibodies against murine mammary tumor virus-related antigen and that the drug-resistant sublines of leukemia L1210 have higher quantitative expression of mammary leukemia antigens. PMID- 7306995 TI - Relationship of rat urinary metabolites of N-nitrosomethyl-N-alkylamine to bladder carcinogenesis. AB - Nitrosomethylalkylamines with chain lengths from C4 (n-butyl-) to C14 (n tetradecyl-) were each administered in three rats at doses equimolar with 12 mg of the butyl compound. All of the compounds administered to rats at this dose, twice a week for 30 weeks, induced tumors in 100% of the animals. Some of the compounds with even-numbered alkyl chains induced bladder tumors, and a connection was sought with the metabolites of these excreted in urine. The pooled 24-hr urine was extracted with ethyl acetate before and after acidification to provide a neutral fraction and a fraction containing nitrosoamino acids. The fraction containing the acids was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after esterification with diazomethane; the neutral fraction was analyzed similarly. The principal metabolite of the nitrosoamines with odd-numbered chains was found in the acidic fraction and was identified as nitrosomethyl-2-carboxy-ethylamine. There were several acids in the mixtures derived from the nitrosamines with even-numbered chains, nitrososarcosine and nitrosomethyl-3-carboxypropylamine being the major components. There was no trend in the yields of the nitrosamino acids that could be correlated with the differences in carcinogenic potency between the nitrosamines; the maximum yield of acids was more than 30% (from the tetradecyl compound). The principal component of the neutral fraction (less than or equal to 1% of the nitrosomethylalkylamine administered) was nitrosomethyl-2 oxopropylamine. The yield of this compound increased with length of the even numbered chain nitrosamines. PMID- 7306994 TI - Effect of inhibitors of tumorigenesis on the formation of O6-methylguanine in the colon of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. AB - The level of O6-methylguanine (O6MeGua) in the colonic DNA of rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine was determined. The effect of various tumorigenesis inhibitors on the formation of this modified base was also studied. Rats were given a single s.c. injection of 1,2-[14C]dimethylhydrazine. Six hr later, they were killed, and colonic DNA was extracted and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The inhibitors tested were disulfiram (DSF), pyrazole, sodium selenite, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, potassium ascorbate, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. The level of O6MeGua in control rats was 29.9 [(O6MeGua X 10(6)/guanine)]. When rats were fed 0.25% (w/w) DSF, this value was reduced to 10.2, and at 0.5% DSF there was no detectable O6MeGua formed. Injection of pyrazole (40 mg/kg i.p.) 2 hr prior to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine treatment reduced the O6MeGua level to 2.4. All the other tumorigenesis inhibitors had no effect on either O6MeGua levels or the cpm/mg DNA in treated rats. With O6MeGua as a measure of the extent of initiation, these results confirm that DSF and pyrazole inhibit the initiation phase of carcinogenesis. This is to be expected as both have been shown to block the metabolism of azoxymethane, which is a crucial metabolite in the activation of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine. The other substances, all known tumorigenesis inhibitors, may act on the promotional phase of carcinogenesis and are worthy of further study for the role in cancer prevention. PMID- 7306997 TI - Simultaneous examination of sister chromatid exchanges and cell replication kinetics in tumor and normal cells in vivo. AB - The bromodeoxyuridine differential chromatid labeling techniques were applied to the simultaneous in vivo examination of cell cycle kinetics and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction by various cancer chemotherapeutic agents in normal and Ehrlich ascites tumor cell populations. Compounds which yielded high ratios of SCE (in tumor cells):SCE (in normal cells) also produced greater inhibition of cellular replication in tumor cells when compared to normal cells. Thus, this approach permits in vivo assessment of induction of DNA damage by SCE analysis as well as inhibition of cellular replication by specific cancer chemotherapeutic agents in tumor and normal cell populations. PMID- 7306996 TI - Correlation of surface fucopeptide patterns with tumorigenicity of mouse mammary epithelial cells. AB - The plasma membrane fucopeptides of tumorigenic and nontumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cells were studied. The types of cells analyzed included (a) cell lines derived from mouse mammary carcinomas of varying etiologies (viral, hormonal, chemical carcinogen), (b) a series of clonal cells lines which were nontumorigenic at lower passage levels and tumorigenic at higher passage levels, (c) normal primary cells derived from the mammary glands of pregnant or lactating animals, and (d) primary cells from tumors produced by s.c. injection of cultured mammary tumor cells into syngeneic animals. A distinctive difference was observed in the size distribution of the trypsin-sensitive surface fucopeptides from tumorigenic and nontumorigenic mammary cells; the tumorigenic cells were relatively enriched in the larger fucopeptides. The size distribution of the trypsin-sensitive surface fucopeptides was not markedly influenced by the physiological state of the cells or by cell population density. It appears that the trypsin-sensitive surface fucopeptide size pattern may be a distinguishing characteristic between tumorigenic and nontumorigenic mouse mammary epithelial cells. PMID- 7306998 TI - Effect of tumors on the concentration of leucogenenol in the serum of mice. AB - It was found that inoculation of several strains of mice with several types of tumor cells resulted, within 24 hr, in a significant decrease in the serum leucogenenol levels of the mice. Serum leucogenenol levels of the mice inoculated with tumors that are rejected become normal or temporarily above normal at approximately the time the tumor is observed to be rejected. Contrariwise, serum leucogenenol levels of mice inoculated with tumors that are not rejected remain at significantly lower than normal levels during the life of the mice. Unlike tumors, skin allografts increase serum leucogenenol levels. When tumors are rejected because of the previous immunization of the mice, serum leucogenenol levels become normal at approximately the time the tumor is observed to be rejected. Excision of the tumor after 1 week of growth, with the consequent recovery of the mice, is accompanied by a recovery of normal serum leucogenenol levels. Also, it was found that injection of mice with a cell-free 0.9% NaCl solution extract of a tumor results in a temporary decrease in serum leucogenenol levels comparable to that observed with the inoculation of a viable tumor which lasts from 24 to 96 hr. It is suggested that the suppression of serum leucogenenol levels is one of the factors responsible for the immunosuppression associated with a growing tumor. PMID- 7307000 TI - Dose response studies of carcinogenesis in rats by nitrosodiethylamine. AB - A dose-response study was conducted in Fischer rats with nitrosodiethylamine, which was administered in regulated amounts as a solution in drinking water. Groups of 20 female rats each received a different treatment, one group consisted of 12 animals; one of the groups was untreated. The concentrations of the solutions fed ranged from 113 to 0.45 mg/liter at six successive concentrations differing from a factor of 2.5. The treatment times were 17 weeks at the highest concentration; 22 weeks with 45 mg/liter; and 30 weeks with 18, 7, 2.8, 1.1 and 0.45 mg/liter. The two lowest dose levels were also given for 60 weeks, and the 0.45-mg/liter dose was given for 104 weeks. Animals were allowed to die naturally with tumors, and the time to death with tumors was an index of the potency of treatment. In the top four treatment groups, the potency measured in this way was proportional to the total dose of carcinogen administered. At all other doses, survival time was much less dependent on the dose administered, whether or not tumors were induced by the treatment. The principal tumors found were in the upper gastrointestinal tract, mainly the esophagus, at all doses. In the two highest dose groups, there was a high incidence of liver tumors also. There were few liver tumors in the lower dose groups, but there was a dose-related incidence of tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It was remarkable that a nitrosodiethylamine concentration of 0.45 mg/liter (0.45 ppm) administered for 104 weeks induced tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract in 70% of the treated rats. PMID- 7306999 TI - Effects of cyanate on the distribution of isotope-labeled H2O and extracellular markers in rat liver and tumors. AB - Previous work has shown that administration of sodium cyanate inhibits the uptake of several metabolites in tumors under conditions in which there is generally no inhibition in normal tissues of the rat. In the present work, it was found that cyanate treatment inhibits the distribution of 3H2O, [3H]methoxyinulin, and [14C]sucrose in rats with greater effects in the tumors than the normal tissues examined. Tumor-bearing rats received i.p. injections of sodium cyanate (250 mg/kg body weight). After 60 min, the rats received s.c. injections of 3H2O. Treatment with cyanate decreased the radioactivity in blood and liver, but greater effects were seen in five transplanted tumors (LK1 colon tumor and Morris hepatomas 5123C, 7288CTC, 7777, and 9618A2). At 10 min after injection of 3H2O, the mean radioactivities in tumors of cyanate-treated rats were 11 to 23% of control values and in some tumors were still less than in controls at 60 min after isotope injection. Evidence was obtained that the action of cyanate was not due to osmotic effects or loss of water from the tissues. The distribution of the extracellular markers [3H]methoxyinulin and [14C]sucrose was also decreased in hepatomas in cyanate-treated rats. The data do not exclude effects on membrane permeability but suggested that cyanate decreased circulation in the tumors. PMID- 7307001 TI - Effects of 17 beta-estradiol on progesterone receptors and the uptake of thymidine in human breast cancer cell line CAMA-1. AB - Two sublines, CAMA-1R and CAMA-1N, were derived from the original CAMA-1 cells after continuous passages in our laboratory. 1R cells were supplemented in culture with estradiol and retained the properties of the original cell line, whereas 1N cells, not supplemented with estradiol, had a partial loss of estrogenic responsiveness. The doubling times for 1R and 1N cells were 2 and 2.4, respectively. These two sublines showed different effects on thymidine uptake after estradiol stimulation. Cells of 1R had a 2-fold greater thymidine incorporation than did the control without estradiol. In contrast, no difference of thymidine uptake was demonstrated in cells of 1N in the presence or absence of estradiol. Both cell lines contained cytoplasmic progesterone receptors with a Kd of 0.56 nM and a sedimentation coefficient of 6 to 7S on a 5 to 20% sucrose gradient. The progesterone receptor level in 1N was about 8-fold higher than in 1R cells. Both sublines exhibited a dose-dependent increase in progesterone receptor levels in response to estradiol with the maximal stimulation (8-fold increase) reached by using 5 nmol of estradiol. The rate of increase for estradiol-induced progesterone receptor appears to be the same for both sublines; a liner increase was demonstrated between Days 3 and 7 following plating. Our results show that estrogen regulation of thymidine uptake and progesterone receptor induction may be mediated through two separate mechanisms. Thus, following a chronically deficient supply of estradiol to 1N cells, there is apparent loss of responsiveness to estradiol-induced thymidine uptake, but the ability of these cells to respond to estradiol induction of progesterone receptor was retained. PMID- 7307002 TI - Ability of nonviable Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I to bind ionized calcium in vitro and ex vivo in an extracorporeal perfusion system. AB - During immunoadsorption of plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or its complexes, using nonviable Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SA) as an immunoadsorbent, we observed a consistent drop in plasma calcium during every immunoadsorption procedure. The percentage of decrease in plasma calcium was directly dependent on the amount of SA adsorbent present. Although SA can bind both IgG and calcium, the degree of binding of IgG was greater than that of calcium. Calcium could not be detected in the IgG fraction of the plasma SA, however, could bind an appreciable amount of ionized calcium. Extracorporeal perfusion of plasma over SA greatly decreased plasma calcium in a hypercalcemic patient, indicating the feasibility of this method in such patients. Questions concerning the significance of lowering calcium levels as a concomitant of other effects observed in cancer patients undergoing immunoadsorption therapy using SA evolve from the above and become a new focus for attention. PMID- 7307003 TI - Effect of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine on the incidence and growth kinetics of spontaneous mammary tumors in C3H/HeN mice. AB - The present study compares the incidence and growth kinetics of spontaneous mammary tumors in 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)-treated (0.7 microgram/day, i.p.) C3H/HeN retired breeder mice with tumors occurring spontaneously in this strain (0.15 M NaCl, i.p.). T3 treatment markedly increased the rate of tumor incidence but had no effect on tumor growth rate as measured by tumor doubling time. A comparison of tumor labeling index and mitotic index between the two groups showed no difference. A histological comparison of the mammary glands in the two groups showed no significant difference in number of hyperplastic alveolar nodules. However, ductal-alveolar development was more pronounced in the 0.15 M NaCl-treated control group; consistent with this observation was the finding of lower levels of serum prolactin in the T3-treated groups. Since mammary tumorigenesis was increased in T3-treated mice in spite of lower levels of serum prolactin, a well-known promoter of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice, a direct role for T3 in the process of tumor formation is suggested. PMID- 7307006 TI - Metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of N-nitrosomorpholine and 3,3,5,5-tetradeutero-N nitrosomorpholine in the F344 rat. AB - We studied the metabolism in the male F344 rats of N-nitrosomorpholine and of 3,3,5,5-tetradeutero-N-nitrosomorpholine ; the latter is less carcinogenic and less mutagenic than is N-nitrosomorpholine. alpha-Hydroxylation (3- or 5 hydroxylation) of N-nitrosomorpholine by liver microsomes and a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system produced (2 hydroxyethoxy)acetaldehyde, which was identified as its 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative. When we administered N-nitrosomorpholine to rats i.p., we did not detect (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetaldehyde in the urine, but we did identify (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetic acid (16% of the dose). We also identified N nitroso(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (33% of the dose) from beta-hydroxylation (2- or 6 hydroxylation), N-nitrosodiethanolamine (12%), and unchanged N-nitrosomorpholine (1.5%) in the urine. The deuterated analogs of the above metabolites were isolated from the urine of rats treated with 3,3,5,5-tetradeutero-N nitrosomorpholine in yields as follows: (2-hydroxyethoxy)acetic acid (3.4%); N nitroso(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (37%); N-nitrosodiethanolamine (12%); N nitrosomorpholine (0.4%). These data demonstrates that deuterium substitution in the alpha-positions of N-nitrosomorpholine caused a decrease in the extent of alpha-hydroxylation and indicate that alpha-hydroxylation is the mechanism of activation of N-nitrosomorpholine. PMID- 7307005 TI - Lung cancer model system using 3-methylcholanthrene in inbred strains of mice. AB - A model system has been established for studying lung carcinogenesis using intratracheal instillation of 3-methylcholanthrene in C3H/AnfCum and C57BL/Cum X C3H/AnfCum F1 (hereafter called BC3F1/Cum) mice. The animals in these studies were screened for adventitious agents and were free throughout their lifetime of two important lung viruses, Sendai virus and pneumonia virus of mice. Under these conditions, the occurrence of spontaneous and chemically indiced lung cancers was determined over the lifetime of the animals. Data were analyzed by the actuarial method for lung tumor probability. Probability was found to be dose and time dependent. Over 95% of the 3-methylcholanthrene-treated BC3F1/Cum and over 88% of the C3H/AnfCum mice were found at death to have pulmonary carcinomas. Tumors observed in animals which died up to 40 weeks on test were almost always squamous cell carcinomas (approximately 85%), while tumors which were observed in animals which died after 50 weeks were mainly alveolar adenocarcinomas (approximately 80%). Both tumors types metastasized widely. Spontaneous lung cancers (only alveolar adenocarcinomas were observed) occurred in these two strains at low frequency and were expressed late in life. Thus, the system described affords a suitable model to study the induction, expression, and progression of lung tumors under conditions where a vast majority of animals develop neoplasia. PMID- 7307004 TI - Photodynamic effect of hematoporphyrin derivative as a function of optical spectrum and incident energy density. AB - Tumor cell killing effect of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and light was studied in culture to determine the dependence of this effect on treatment variables. Particular attention has been given to the spectral characteristics of the light and the absorption properties of hematoporphyrin. A human tumor cell line was treated using HPD and three broad bands of light ranging from the short- to the long-wavelength end of the visible spectrum. Cell killing was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. A transformed mouse embryo cell line was treated in a similar manner, and its reproductive efficiency was determined following treatment. Results of both studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the photocytotoxic action of HPD plus light is directly proportional to the number of light quanta absorbed by the HPD in each cell. For thin layers of cells, such as in situ carcinoma, it appears that short-wavelength radiation falling in the porphyrin Soret band around 400 nm may have from 12 to 30 times the killing power as does red light. PMID- 7307007 TI - Influence of various hexoses and vasoactive agents on osmotically induced oncolysis. AB - Local destruction of malignant growths was achieved rapidly by creating around their cells a strongly hypertonic environment. Various hexoses, injected in and around tumors at 37 degrees, were utilized to produce the osmotic disturbance. Homeostatic correction of the osmotic disturbance was prevented by local ischemia, induced by vasoconstriction, and maintained soon afterwards by thrombosis. Of the few vasoactive agents tested for this purpose, serotonin was the safest and most effective. It worked better when mixed with the hexose than when injected separately s.c. at a distance. The best response to treatment was obtained from tumors which were unattached to deep structures, poorly vascularized, and resistant to an increase of internal pressure, whereas special precautions had to be taken with friable neoplasms to avoid dissemination of metastases. Under certain conditions, by causing acute tumor necrosis, a single treatment achieved a high ratio of cure; in which a favorable immune response to dramatic reduction of tumor burden and to resorbed lysed material perhaps played a part. PMID- 7307008 TI - Adaptation versus selection as the mechanism responsible for the relapse of prostatic cancer to androgen ablation therapy as studied in the Dunning R-3327-H adenocarcinoma. AB - The Dunning R-3327-H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma is a well-differentiated, slow growing, serially transplantable tumor of spontaneous origin. When intact male rats bearing such an exponentially growing H-tumor s.c. are castrated, tumor growth abruptly stops, demonstrating the initial androgen sensitivity of this tumor. Eventually, however, after an extended period, the tumor invariably relapses and once again appears to grow exponentially. At the time of relapse, the tumor is no longer androgen sensitive but has irreversibly progressed to a completely insensitive state. The mechanism responsible for this irreversible progression has been demonstrated by fluctuation analysis not to be due to environmentally induced adaptation of initially androgen-dependent H-tumor cells to a new androgen-independent state. Instead, the progression is due to the basic heterogeneity of the original H-tumor (i.e., it is composed of a mixture of preexisting clones of both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent tumor cells). Following castration, only the preexisting clones of androgen-independent tumor cells are able to continue exponential growth; the androgen-dependent tumor cells stop proliferating and die. Thus, androgen ablation creates a host environment in which the androgen-independent tumor cells have a highly selective growth advantage over the androgen-dependent cells. Eventually, with time, this selective growth advantage results in a tumor which is completely composed of androgen-independent cells. It is the continuous proliferative growth of these androgen-independent tumor cells which leads to the relapse phenomenon. PMID- 7307009 TI - Distribution of fibronectin on clonal cell lines of a rat mammary adenocarcinoma growing in vitro and in vivo at primary and metastatic sites. AB - With the use of a rat 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma tumor, we have examined the relationship between cellular fibronectin (FN) expression and ability to metastasize spontaneously to regional lymphatic and distant blood-borne sites. This model is based on the isolation and establishment of cell clones from primary parental tumor and from spontaneous metastases that show differing metastatic potentials when implanted s.c. into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic female Fischer 344/CRBL rats. Cellular FN expression was determined in tissue culture as well as primary and secondary tumor sites, utilizing: (a) indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with a specific anti-rat FN antibody (in vitro and in vivo grown cells); (b) competition radioimmunoassay for cell-released FN (in vitro grown cells); and (c) surface labeling by radioiodination-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-autoradiography for cell surface-bound FN (in vitro grown cells). Tissue culture-grown parental tumor clones displayed FN at their cell surfaces. At confluency, they expressed higher quantities of FN at their peripheries and in fibrillar structures between adjacent cells and released greater amounts of this glycoprotein. Lung metastases-derived tumor clones released negligible amounts of FN by radioimmunoassay and failed to express detectable amounts of FN by indirect immunofluorescence and cell surface labeling techniques. However, when parental tumor- and metastasis-derived clones of widely different metastatic potentials were carefully examined for FN expression and release, there was no obvious relationship between metastasis and FN expression or release in culture or display in tumors at primary or secondary sites. The results suggest that expression or release of FN per se is not a determinant of metastasis, although it may be a factor in certain steps of the metastatic sequence. PMID- 7307010 TI - Kinetics of O6-methylguanine repair in human normal and ataxia telangiectasia cell lines and correlation of repair capacity with cellular sensitivity to methylating agents. AB - Human lymphoblastoid cell lines from normal individuals and from patients with ataxia telangiectasia were either proficient or deficient in their ability to repair the mutagenic DNA adduct O6-methylguanine that is induced by methylating carcinogens. There was no relationship between the capacity to repair O6 methylguanine and the ataxia telangiectasia phenotype. Time-course studies done following a short pulse (2 min) of alkylation with 0.5 microgram of N-[3H]methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosguanidine per ml revealed that the repair of O6-methylguanine in human lymphoblastoid lines proficient in this ability is a rapid process, which proceeds with a half-life of 10 to 15 min. Lymphoblastoid lines with deficient capacity to repair this DNA adduct were hypersensitive to the cytotoxic effect of the methylating carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, N-methyl-N nitrosourea, and methyl methanesulfonate, and this hypersensitivity was correlated with the relative amount of O6-methylguanine induced by each of the three chemicals. This was taken as an indication of the lethality of unrepaired O6-methylgluanine. The extent of DNA repair synthesis induced by the three carcinogens was the same in cell lines proficient and deficient in O6 methylguanine repair, indicating no major deficiency in an excision repair pathway in the hypersensitive cell lines. PMID- 7307011 TI - Natural killer cell activity and tumor susceptibility in female mice treated neonatally with diethylstilbestrol. AB - Female NMRI or AKR/J mice were given daily s.c. injections of 5 micrograms diethylstilbestrol (DES) in 0.025 ml olive oil, or of olive oil only, for the first 5 days after birth. At the age of 6 to 7 weeks, both DES-treated females and control females were killed, and the cytotoxic activity of the spleen cells against standard natural killer cell target YAC-1 cells as well as the natural killer cell-sensitive I-522 cells and relatively insensitive I-51 AKR lymphomas were tested. The cytotoxic activity against I-51 cells was similar for DES treated and control females while the DES-treated females had only about one-half the cytotoxicity activity to I-522 and YAC-1 cells as did controls. Control females eliminated radioactivity derived from 125I-labeled YAC-1 and I-522 target cells injected i.v. faster than did DES-treated females, while the results were similar for both animal groups when using I-51 cells. The cumulative death incidence was higher for DES-treated females than for control females after incubation with low numbers of I-522 cells but similar for both groups when using I-51 cells. Finally, the incidence of females developing methylcholanthrene induced sarcomas, using a simple low-dose injection (10 or 20 micrograms), was higher among DES-injected animals than among controls. Taken together, the results indicate that female mice treated neonatally with DES have a functionally defective natural killer cell population, resulting in increased tumor susceptibility. PMID- 7307012 TI - Invasiveness of hyperplastic nodule cells from diethylnitrosamine-treated rat liver. AB - Administration of diethylnitrosamine p.o. to female Sprague-Dawley rats induces hepatocellular lesions antecedent to hepatocarcinoma (altered foci and hyperplastic nodules). We have tested hepatocytes from hyperplastic nodules for their invasiveness in vitro, which is a marker for malignancy. The hyperplastic nodule cells are compared with control liver cells and hepatocarcinoma cells. Control liver tissue and the hepatocarcinoma are collected as fragments taken directly from the rat liver. Nodules, on the other hand, isolated by collagenase perfusion of the liver, are collected on a filter. The fragments of normal liver, the nodules, and the hepatocarcinomas were brought in contact with precultured 9 day-old embryonic chick heart fragments for attachment to each other to form confronting cultures. After attachment, the confronting cultures are incubated at 37 degrees on a gyratory shaker for 24 hr to 14 days. Hepatocytes from the nodules show progressive invasion into the precultured heart fragments in the same way as the hepatocarcinoma cells after 3 to 14 days in vitro. The control hepatocytes from the liver fragments showed no invasion. We conclude from these observations that the cells of the nodules must be considered as malignant altered hepatocytes, for they show progressive invasiveness in vitro. PMID- 7307013 TI - Correlations of DNA damage and repair with nuclear and chromosomal damage in HeLa cells caused by methylnitrosamides. AB - N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethan induces breaks or alkali-labile sites in cellular DNA, many if not all of which are repaired rapidly. Other DNA lesions are repaired by an excision process. Hydroxyurea and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine cause an accumulation of DNA breaks after N-methyl-N-nitrosourethan treatment, probably by inhibiting the DNA-synthetic (but not the nucleolytic) stage of excision repair. Chromosome damage (fragmentation or attenuation of interphase chromosomes and decondensation and radial rearrangement of metaphase chromosomes) is present soon after treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourethan and is not reversed during further incubation. It is apparently associated with the longer-lived DNA lesions, probably those which are removed by excision, and is enhanced by incubation with hydroxyurea and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethan also inhibits cellular protein and the loss of nucleolar structure. N-Methyl-N nitrosourea is less potent than N-methyl-N-nitrosourethan in causing DNA or chromosome damage and is less cytotoxic. PMID- 7307014 TI - Effect of heat shock on protein synthesis by normal and malignant human lung cells in tissue culture. AB - Heat shock proteins were found in cultured human lung cells by sodium dodecyl sulfate:gel electrophoresis and autoradiography using [35S]methionine. The synthesis of a M.W. 70,000 protein was markedly stimulated in normal, malignant, and SV40-transformed cells, and that of M.W. 90,000 and M.W. 100,000 proteins was stimulated only in malignant and SV40-transformed cells after heat shock treatment. In contrast, the synthesis of M.W. 200,000 and M.W. 250,000 proteins observed in the unheated normal cells was diminished after the same procedure. The heat shock proteins were induced within a given range of temperature and duration of treatment, the conditions for normal and malignant cells being clearly different, i.e., optima of 43 degrees for 1 hr in the normal cells and 41 degrees for 1 hr in the malignant cells. The results suggest that the analysis of heat shock protein is very useful for identifying the differential heat susceptibilities of normal and malignant cells and for elucidating their bases and mechanisms. PMID- 7307015 TI - Promotion of carcinomas by repeated abrasion in initiated skin of mice. AB - Repeated abrasion of the skin of Sencar mice initiated with 100 nmol of dimethylbenzanthracene resulted in the appearance of carcinomas in addition to papillomas. These results strongly support the argument that repeated epidermal regeneration is a sufficient stimulus for the promotion of both benign and malignant neoplasms in the skin of mice. PMID- 7307016 TI - The acute toxicities of chemotherapy. PMID- 7307017 TI - Inhibition of in vitro biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid by N-acyl- and N alkyl-2-amino-2-deoxyhexoses. AB - The biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid is markedly inhibited by 2-deoxy-2 propionamido-D-glucose (GlcNProp) and to a much lesser extent by 2-deoxy-2 propionamido-D-mannose (ManNProp), but not by 2-deoxy-2-propionamido-D-galactose and N-methylated derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. 2-Deoxy-2 trimethylamino-D-glucose is a weak inhibitor of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose metabolism. When incubated in a cell-free system from rat liver, GlcNProp gives the 6-phosphate, which is converted into N-propionylneuraminic acid. Evidence is presented which shows that it is the metabolites GlcNProp-6-P and ManNProp-6-P which are the competitive inhibitors, and not GlcNProp itself. PMID- 7307018 TI - Preparation of oligosaccharides by the action of bacteriophage-borne enzymes on Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides. AB - Depolymerization of bacterial, capsular polysaccharides by viral enzymes provides a convenient method for preparing oligosaccharides that correspond to one or more repeating unit(s) of the polysaccharide. Previous methods used for purifying bacteriophage particles, and also the procedures employed in the isolation and purification of the oligomers generated by the bacteriophage action, have been so modified as to provide a more direct route to the degradation products. Improved techniques, both for the propagation of bacteriophage and for the isolation of the oligosaccharides formed, are reported. These simplified methods make possible the use of bacteriophages as convenient "reagents" for the preparation of oligosaccharides on a gram scale. The acid- and base-labile substituents present in certain of the polysaccharides examined were seemingly unaffected by the conditions used for depolymerization. The methods are illustrated by degradation of the capsular polysaccharides from Klebsiella serotypes K17, K36, K46, K60, K63, and K74 PMID- 7307019 TI - Some structural features of polysaccharide components of the protozoan Leishmania tarentolae. PMID- 7307020 TI - Effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on the static elastic properties and blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The static elastic properties of the aorta ad systolic blood pressure in the caudal artery have been measured in 55 spontaneously hypertensive rats of the AS strain. Animals were divided into five groups and treated from the age of 4 to 12 weeks as follows: (1) 0.25 mm silver clip positioned around the right renal artery; (2) renal artery clipped as group (1) followed by daily injection of beta aminopropionitrile fumarate (beta-APN); (3) daly injection of beta-APN without clipping; (4) daily injection of 0.09% saline; (5) untreated. Mean systolic blood pressures at 12 weeks of age were Group (1) 21.8; Group (2) 16.2; Group (3) 17.0; Group (4) 18.0; Group (5) 17.5 (units kPa). Thus, administration of beta-APN prevents the development of renal hypertension in clipped animals while producing no significant alteration in animals with intact renal arteries. At pressures within the physiological range the functional distensibility of all the treated animals was greater than that of the controls (pressure strain elastic modulus significantly lower). Similar changes were observed in the variation of structural distensibility (incremental elastic modulus) with pressure. At any level of total strain greater than 0.7 the incremental elastic modulus of both groups of animals treated with beta-APN was significantly less than control values. These observations are consistent with reports in the literature that administration of beta-APN causes a reduction in either the amount of cross linked or normal scleroprotein in the aorta. PMID- 7307021 TI - Estimation of maximum left ventricular inotropic response from changes in isovolumic indices of contractility in the dog. AB - The effects of catecholamine infusion on three isovolumic indices of left ventricular (LV) contractility were studied under "steady-state" conditions in open-chest dogs with left atrial pressure held constant. The indices studied were (dP/dt)max; (dP/dt)DP40 where DP40 = developed LV pressure (LVP) of 5.3 kPa (40 mmHg) and dP/dt/TP)max, where TP = total LVP above atmospheric. There was a curvilinear relationship between dose of noradrenaline and the rise of each index, but the magnitude of the rise differed considerably. When heart rate was allowed to rise (dP/dt)max rose to about 800% of the basal value, whilst the other two indices both increased to about 300% of basal. The reason for the difference appeared to be related to the earlier timing of (dP/dt)DP40 and (dP/dt/TP)max. When heart rate was controlled (dP/dt)max increased to about 500% of basal, similar to findings reported by others in the maximum rate of isometric force development in isolated myocardium. During noradrenaline infusion (dP/dt)max always occurred before aortic valve opening and provided a satisfactory measure of inotropic change whilst the other indices apparently occurred too early in systole to reflect full ventricular "activation". However, during isoprenaline infusion blood pressure fell and estimates of inotropic reserve using (dP/dt)max were 40 to 100% in error due to early aortic valve opening until blood pressure was raised using methoxamine. PMID- 7307023 TI - Selective bacterial adherance to cardiac endothelial cells in tissue culture. AB - The adherence of 16 gram-positive bacterial isolates and eight gram-negative bacterial isolates to cardiac endothelial cells from rabbits, chickens, pigs and opossums was evaluated using a tissue culture system. A single coagulase-negative staphylococcus was significantly more adherent over cell cultures and controls than any other organism tested. Adherent bacteria were sticky to most surfaces tested. No differences in adherence were demonstrated between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria when they were compared as groups. PMID- 7307022 TI - Species variation in arterial-myocardial sensitivity to verapamil. AB - The changes in tension with increasing calcium concentration were examined in papillary muscles isolated from cats, rabbits, and rats, and in isolated rat atria. Similar curves were determined for cat femoral artery and lower descending aorta from rabbits and rats. In all tissues, the concentration of verapamil (KB) was determined which achieved a calcium dose ratio of 2. Rat myocardium was the most (KB = 3.38 +/- 0.18 X 10(-6) mol . litre-1) and rabbit the lest (KB = 1.18 +/- 0.01 X 10(-5) mol . litre-1) sensitive to verapamil. Cat tissue was intermediate; rat atria and ventricle were similar. By contrast, arterial sensitivity was always greater with arterial-myocardial sensitivity ratios varying from 175 +/- 7 in the cat to 1073 +/- 97 in the rabbit. This technique is a formal evaluation of the arterial-myocardial sensitivity of calcium entry blockers and may permit prediction of the myocardial and vasodilator properties of novel compounds. PMID- 7307024 TI - Effects of propranolol on myocardial infarct size with and without coronary artery reperfusion in the dog. AB - The ability of propranolol to limit myocardial infarct size (IS) following coronary artery occlusion with and without reperfusion into a critical stenosis was assessed in the dog. IS was determined by the nitrobluetetrazolium staining method and expressed as percent of the left ventricle (free wall plus septum). In Series 1 dogs the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was ligated at its origin. IS at 6 h was similar in groups pretreated with saline (36.0 +/- 1.3%) or propranolol (0.2 mg . kg-1, 34.7 +/- 1.7%; 1.0 mg . kg-1, 36.7 +/- 1.5%; 4.4 mg . kg-1, 34.8 +/- 0.3%). In Series 2 dogs a relatively small infarction was produced by ligating the largest branch of the LCX between the left anterior descending and posterior descending arteries. IS at 6 h was not significantly different in dogs pretreated with saline (8.1 +/- 1.7%) or propranolol (0.2 mg . kg-1, 7.1 +/- 2.5%; 1.0 mg . kg-1, 4.6 +/- 1.2%). In Series 3 dogs the LCX was ligated approximately 10 mm from its origin for 60 min followed by reperfusion into a critical stenosis. IS determined at 24 h was significantly less in dogs treated with propranolol (1.0 mg . kg-1) before LCX occlusion (4.6 +/- 0.6%) or 5 min after LCX reperfusion (9.5 +/- 1.8%) than in dogs treated with saline (22.6 +/- 2.8%). In Series 4 dogs treatment was exactly as in Series 3 except that reperfusion was not instituted. IS was similar in dogs pretreated with saline (29.0 +/- 1.5%) or propranolol (31.1 +/- 3.0%). Thus, in the present study, propranolol limited IS in the presence but not in the absence of reperfusion. In the reperfusion model propranolol was effective when administered before coronary occlusion or after initiation of reperfusion. PMID- 7307026 TI - Evolution of epicardial R wave voltage following experimental coronary artery occlusion: effects of hyaluronidase. AB - The goals of this investigation were: 1) to examine the pattern of evolution of epicardial R wave voltage during the 24 h after experimental coronary artery occlusion; and 2) to determine whether hyaluronidase, an agent shown previously to reduce myocardial ischaemic injury, alters this evolution. Coronary artery occlusion was performed in 36 dogs. In the control dogs, the average R wave voltage (R) recorded over the ischaemic myocardium increased by 7.6 +/- 0.8 mV (P less than 0.001) from before to 15 min after coronary artery occlusion, then gradually returned to baseline over the ensuing 4 h. Subsequently, R wave voltage continued to fall, and 24 h after occlusion, R was 17.8 +/- 1.8 mV (P less than 0.001) less than before occlusion. In the hyaluronidase-treated dogs (500 NF units . kg-1), R recorded over the ischaemic myocardium increased similarly to the controls before hyaluronidase administration. However, in contrast to the control dogs, the administration of hyaluronidase 20 min after occlusion caused R to return to baseline over the ensuing 40 min and 24 h after occlusion, the treated animals lost significantly less R wave voltage than the controls (P less than 0.001). PMID- 7307027 TI - Effect of timolol on blood flow distribution in the myocardium during acute regional ischaemia in cats. AB - The beta-adrenergic blocking agent timolol was given to cats with acute coronary artery ligation. Regional myocardial tissue flow was measured by the distribution of 15 micrometers labelled microspheres. Timolol reduced heart rate, cardiac contractility and left ventricular systolic pressure, but end-diastolic pressure rose. Ischaemic tissue blood flow remained unchanged following timolol, thus improving the marked imbalance between oxygen demands and delivery. In normal areas of the myocardial tissue flow was reduced, indicating the beta 2-adrenergic blocking effect of timolol. This was also the case for the border area between ischaemic and non-ischaemic tissue, but significantly less flow reduction was found on the endocardial side than on the epicardial side in the border area. Except for this latter observation, timolol does not appear to improve coronary perfusion. The present study, therefore, indicates that beneficial effects of timolol on ischaemic myocardium are mainly related to a reduction of myocardial oxygen demand. PMID- 7307025 TI - Effects of hypoxia on myocardial digoxin uptake and levels of plasma catecholamines in anaesthetised dogs. AB - The effect of hypoxia on digoxin pharmacokinetics, myocardial digoxin uptake and levels of plasma catecholamines in dogs was studied to clarify the mechanism of enhanced sensitivity to digitalis in hypoxia. Sixteen mongrel dogs were anaesthetised and artificially respired; eight with room air, eight with 8% oxygen in nitrogen, and digoxin (0.05 mg . kg-1) was intravenously given to each dog. There was no difference between hypoxic and non-hypoxic dogs in pharmacokinetic curves of digoxin. The level of myocardial digoxin in hypoxic dogs was significantly lower than that in non-hypoxic dogs. The level of plasma adrenaline in hypoxic dogs was significantly higher than that in non-hypoxic dogs (P less than 0.01). These data suggest that enhanced sensitivity to digoxin in hypoxia may be attributable not to abnormal digoxin pharmacokinetics or increased myocardial digoxin uptake but partly to higher levels of plasma catecholamines. PMID- 7307028 TI - Baroreflex responsiveness in borderline hypertensives: a study with neostigmine. AB - The baroreflex response to changes in transmural pressure throughout the arterial tree or limited to the carotid sinus was evaluated in ten borderline hypertensives and compared with that observed in ten normal subjects and in ten established hypertensives. Baroreceptor sensitivity was tested by evaluating both heart rate response to phenylephrine-induced increase in arterial pressure and heart rate and blood pressure changes induced by increased neck tissue pressure by means of a neck chamber. The heart rate response to phenylephrine (evaluated by the regression of the R-R interval versus the systolic blood pressure) was depressed both in borderline and established hypertensives as compared with controls. Similarly, the heart rate and the pressor response to increased neck tissue pressure were depressed in both groups of hypertensives. In borderline, but not in established hypertensives, neostigmine administration improved consistently the pressor baroreflex response to increased neck tissue pressure and the heart rate reflex response to both the employed stimuli. These findings indicate that a reduced parasympathetic activity is one of the components involved in the altered baroreflex sensitivity in borderline hypertensives. PMID- 7307030 TI - Transport of radioactive oxygen, nitrogen and xenon into the rabbit thoracic aorta in situ. AB - An in situ preparation of the rabbit thoracic aorta has been used to study the transport of short-lived radioactive isotopes of oxygen (15O16O), nitrogen (13N14N) and an isotope of xenon (133Xe) from 0.9% NaCl into the artery wall. At a luminal hydrostatic pressure of 2 kPa the uptake of all three isotopes by the intima-media increased with time in experiments of up to 15 min duration. Uptake of labelled oxygen was an order of magnitude higher than that of xenon and almost two orders of magnitude higher than nitrogen uptake. Adventitial uptake was similar for all three species. For a perfusion time of 2 1/2 min, the intimal medial uptake of all three gases increased by almost an order of magnitude as luminal pressure increased from 2 to 13 kPa. Adventitial uptake increased rapidly and at a similar rate for all three gases. The studies were limited in depth and accuracy by the small quantities of isotope available. PMID- 7307029 TI - Circulatory model studies of external cardiac assist by counterpulsation. PMID- 7307031 TI - Long-term beta-blockade: prolonged protective action on the ischaemic myocardium. AB - In this study we have assessed the possibility that long-term beta-blockade may offer additional protection against myocardial ischaemia that is separate from that afforded by acute beta-blockade. In addition, the effect of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) on this additional protection was also investigated. Equipotent doses (4 mg . kg-1 body wt . day-1) of oxprenolol (possessing ISA) or propranolol (without ISA) were administered orally to rats for 3 weeks. Hearts were excised an perfused as isolated "working" heart preparations at variable times after the last dose. Hearts excised on the final day of drug administration showed significantly higher basal functional performance compared with untreated hearts. After 30 min reduced flow ischaemia (in the presence of exogenous catecholamine drive) hearts were aerobically reperfused and functional recovery measured. In both chronically beta-blocked groups, at times when plasma drug levels were undetectable, the number of hearts that recovered function and the cellular levels of creatine phosphate and glycogen were significantly increased. In addition, hearts from the oxprenolol treated group perfused on the final day of drug administration, exhibited a greater recovery of heart rate compared with both propranolol treated and untreated groups. These results indicate that secondary consequences of long-term beta-blockade are beneficial to the ischaemic myocardium in the presence of high catecholamine drive. In addition, the possession of ISA by oxprenolol offered some advantages in terms of post-ischaemic functional recovery. PMID- 7307032 TI - Effect of tetraethylammonium, 4-aminopyridine, cesium and magnesium on slow responses in the guinea pig papillary muscle. AB - Having inactivated the sodium conductance by K-rich media, propagated slow responses were triggered by local electrical stimulation after addition of catecholamines. We determined the smallest noradrenaline concentration eliciting slow responses (noradrenaline threshold) and it was found to be 1.04 X 10(-6) mol . litre-1 +/- 0.25. The rate of rise and the amplitude of cardiac slow responses increase with the external concentration in calcium, however their development is also influenced by altering potassium conductances. Substances inhibiting gK: tetraetylammonium, 4-aminopyridine and cesium increased the maximal rate of rise and the duration of slow responses and except for the latter compound, decreased the noradrenaline threshold. On the other hand Mg ions exerted an inhibitory effect on slow responses since they markedly decreased the maximal rate of depolarisation and increased the noradrenaline threshold in spite of a very small increase in the duration of slow responses. The effect of Mg ions can be explained by an inhibition of the slow inward current. PMID- 7307033 TI - Shortening fraction: its dependence on the Starling mechanism. AB - The influence of increasing muscle length (ML) from L0 to 15 to 20% of L0 and calcium concentration (Ca2+) from 1.34 to 10 mmol . litre-1 on shortening fraction has been analysed in cat papillary muscles. Shortening fraction was calculated by dividing the amount of shortening by the muscle length at which that shortening occurred. When the muscle shortened at contrast total load, increasing muscle length from approximately or equal to L0 to approximately or equal to 15% above L0, increased the shortening fraction from 0.2 +/- 0.1% to 7.1 +/- 0.7% (P less than 0.01) and from 1.0 +/- 0.5% to 12.2 +/- 0.5% (P less than 0.01) at low and high (Ca2+) respectively. The highest shortening fraction values obtained (7 and 12%) correspond to calculated ejection fraction values of 20 and 32% respectively. At a given muscle length, increasing (Ca2+) significantly increased the shortening fraction (P less than 0.01). At constant afterload the shortening fraction increased from 3.5 +/- 1% to 9.1 +/- 1.9% when the muscle length changed from approximately or equal to 5% to approximately or equal to 20% above L0 and from 3,3 +/- 1.6% to 14.3 +/- 0.7% when the muscle was stretched from L0 to approximately or equal to 20% above L0 at low and high calcium respectively. Shortening fraction values of 9 and 14% correspond to calculated ejection fraction values of 25 and 37% respectively. The results indicate that the shortening fraction is altered not only by changes in cardiac contractility but also by the Starling mechanism. PMID- 7307034 TI - Therapeutic rounds at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. PMID- 7307035 TI - A comparison of chlorthalidone-reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide-methyldopa as step 2 therapy for hypertension. AB - Two fixed-combination drugs commonly used in the step 2 treatment of hypertension, chlorthalidone plus reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide plus methyldopa, were compared in an evaluation of efficacy and adverse reactions. Ninety-one percent of the chlorthalidone-reserpine group achieved diastolic blood pressures of 90 mmHg or lower compared with 55% of the hydrochlorothiazide methyldopa group. The incidence of adverse reactions in the chlorthalidone reserpine group was 31% compared with an incidence of 64% in the hydrochlorothiazide-methyldopa group. PMID- 7307037 TI - Long-term therapy of hypertension with guanabenz. AB - Guanabenz, a centrally acting antihypertensive (alpha-agonist) that does not induce secondary sodium retention or other metabolic disturbances, was evaluated for up to two years at 19 investigational sites. In 329 patients completing six months of therapy, the mean supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP) fell from 101 to 90 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Clinically significant individual SDBP decreases occurred in 74% of the patients by week 2, and these reductions were maintained in 72% at six months. Mean weight was reduced 1.4 lb (P less than 0.01), and mean supine pulse rate was decreased 5 beats/min (P less than 0.01). The most frequent effective doses were 8 and 16 mg BID (range, 2 to 32 mg BID). Principal side effects, usually mild, were sedation (31%), dry mouth (24%), dizziness (6%), and weakness (6%). Postural hypotension, impotence, and abrupt discontinuation symptoms were rare or absent. There were no clinically significant drug-related laboratory changes other than a 10 mg/100 ml mean serum cholesterol decrease. Two hundred twenty-two patients completed one year of therapy, and 80 completed two years, with little change in any parameters other than improvement in mean SDBP to 85 mmHg and in individual response rate to 84%. These results suggest that guanabenz is safe and effective for initial and sole therapy of hypertension. PMID- 7307039 TI - [New aspects of embryonic development and its possible disturbance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307036 TI - Double-blind evaluation of miconazole tampons, compared with clotrimazole vaginal tablets, in vaginal candidiasis. AB - Fifty-one patients with vaginal candidiasis and positive cultures in Nickerson medium were treated either with two miconazole tampons daily for five days (26 patients, median age 28 years) or with one clotrimazole vaginal tablet daily for six days (25 patients, median age 36 years) in a randomized double-blind trial. Seven days after the end of the treatment, 24 (92%) patients in the miconazole group and 19 (76%) in the clotrimazole group had negative cultures. One month after the end of the treatment, the relapse rate was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the clotrimazole group. Symptoms subsided rapidly in both groups. No unwanted effects were reported. PMID- 7307038 TI - [Embryotoxicity as a part of environmental risk (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307040 TI - [Current prospects of experimental drug embryotoxicity risk assessment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307041 TI - [Consequences of perinatal damage to organism development (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307042 TI - [Population teratology and its part in chemical teratogenesis risk assessment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307043 TI - [Vigilance, nonREM and REM sleep, and epileptic seizure. Four states or systems: formator-complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307044 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Two case reports, and a literary survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307045 TI - [On the development of hemotherapy in the Czech Socialist Republic in the 6th Five-year Plan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307046 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of plasma and urine arginine-vasopressin in the diagnosis of water and osmotic balance disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307047 TI - [The significance of subsequently calculated BBs value in hospital admission screening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307048 TI - [Vitamin A and carrier proteins in the serum in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7307049 TI - [Nephrogenic hypertension and electric activity of the retina in patients with chronic renal insufficiency subjected to periodical dialysis therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307050 TI - Moulting hormone, juvenile hormone and the ultrastructure of the fat body of adult Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera). AB - In the ovoviviparous fly, Sarcophaga bullata, vitellogenesis in cyclic; a process reflected in ultrastructural changes in the fat body cells and oenocytes. At eclosion the larval fat body has not yet completely disappeared. During vitellogenesis the fat body cells are specialized for intensive protein synthesis showing a very extensive RER and numerous invaginations of the plasma membrane. These features disappear when the eggs descend into the oviducts to complete embryogenesis. The predominant feature of the oenocytes is their very prominent SER. The fat body cells of the males are never as specialized for protein synthesis as those of the females. Feeding of ecdysterone to males for 3 or more days induces a rather extensive subcellular apparatus for protein synthesis, i.e., invaginations of the plasma membrane and an extensive RER. Juvenile hormone is completely ineffective in this respect. Both ecdysterone and juvenile hormone have pronounced but different effects on the oenocytes of males. PMID- 7307051 TI - Monoamines in the brain of the lancelet, Branchiostoma lanceolatum. A fluorescence-histochemical and electron-microscopical investigation. AB - Three types of monoamine-containing neurones and fibres can be discriminated in the brain of the lancelet. Two types of elongated cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons, located in the ventral and the dorsolateral part of the brain, exhibit formaldehyde-induced catecholamine fluorescence. These neurones contain dense core vesicles 75-100 nm in diameter. Their apical portion possesses cilia, displaying a 9 X 2 + 2 arrangement of their internal tubuli, and projecting into the ventricle. Basal processes from the ventrally situated perikarya abut upon the meninx and may discharge their catecholamines into the circulatory system. Fibres exhibiting catecholamine fluorescence originate from the dorsolaterally situated perikarya and run ventrocaudally to the neuropil, where they form numerous swellings of the bouton en passant type. A third type of perikarya in the posterior part of the brain displays specific green fluorescence. Further, neurones characterized by a specific yellow fluorescence are present in the anterior part of the brain and the anterior part of the neural tube. The rapid photodecomposition of the latter fluorophore indicates that these cells contain an indolamine. PMID- 7307052 TI - Cross-reactivity between human and fish pituitary hormones as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. AB - In this communication we describe the immunocytochemical cross-reactivity between antisera to various human pituitary hormones and specific hormone producing cell types in the pituitary gland of sexually mature male platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus). Antisera to human pituitary hormones cross-reacted either with cells known to produce corresponding hormones (or hormone subunits) in the platyfish (e.g., ACTH, prolactin, TSH beta, LH alpha, FSH alpha, TSH alpha) or with no pituitary cells at all (e.g., HL beta, FSH beta). The one exception was antiserum to human growth hormone which cross-reacted with MSH and ACTH producing cells. The platyfish pituitary is proposed as a test system for immunocytochemically screening antisera for purity and specificity in order to determine their applicability in particular studies. PMID- 7307053 TI - Distribution of calcium differs in relaxed and contracted myocardial cells of the rat. AB - Myocardial cells from left ventricles of beating hearts of rats were fixed by immersion in an osmium tetroxide solution containing potassium pyroantimonate to study the electron-microscopic distribution of calcium, the cation being precipitated as an electron-opaque salt (calcium antimonate) by this cytochemical technique. The observed myocytes could be divided into two groups according to their contractile state, evaluated by sarcomere length measurements. In contracted cells (mean sarcomere length 1.43 microgram) the intramyofibrillar precipitate was confined to areas of I-bands bordering the A-bands, the intermyofibrillar space showing scarce content in reaction product. Relaxed cells (mean sarcomere length 1.69 microgram) presented a heavy deposition of reaction product over the sarcomeres, the electron-opaque dots being absent on the H and Z bands. The sarcotubular system and mitochondria were also clearly marked by the reaction product. This second pattern of calcium distribution has not been previously described in heart muscle cells and is interpreted as corresponding to the phase of rise of intracellular calcium which is mediated by membrane depolarization. Our results suggests that different bands of heart sarcomeres show different abilities to bind calcium. The I bands retain the cation even in cells under sustained contraction, probably due to their content in calmodulin; Z and M bands are apparently not involved in calcium sequestration, whereas the content in calcium of the A bands seems to be dependent on the contraction relaxation cycle of heart myocytes. PMID- 7307054 TI - Comparison of fast and slow synaptic terminals in lobster muscle. AB - Synaptic terminals of fast (FCE) and slow (SCE) excitatory neurons were physiologically identified on separate fibres of one muscle, the closer muscle in lobster claws. The innervation by these identified fibers was demonstrated over long distances (7-21 microgram) by examining serial thin sections at periodic intervals. The ultrastructure of each type of innervation was consistent both qualitatively and quantitatively in two separate samples. The FEC innervation is relatively simple in having consistently small-diameter terminalis each forming a single long synapse, with few synaptic vesicles, and little if any postsynaptic apparatus. The SCE innervation is more complex in having larger-diameter but more variable terminals forming several short synapses, with many synaptic vesicles and an extensive postsynaptic apparatus. These differences in the size of the synapses and the number of synaptic vesicles parallel differences in transmitter release and fatigue sensitivity characteristic of the two types of innervation. The degree of elaboration of the postsynaptic apparatus may reflect differences in the amount of transmitter taken up after release. Our data reveal for the first time in a single muscle differences between FCE and SCE innervation previously reported in different muscles and in different species. PMID- 7307055 TI - Stage-dependent variations in volume density and size of Sertoli cell vesicles in the rat testis. AB - Membrane-bounded spherical vesicles found in rat Sertoli cells have been examined quantitatively during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Most of the vesicles were localized to the basal and columnar portions of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. The thin lateral projections of the Sertoli cells contained very few vesicles. Morphometric analysis of the basal portion of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm revealed that the volume density (Vv) of the vesicles changed markedly during the cycle. The Vv was at its minimum (0.036) at stage VII and maximum (0.117) at stages XI-I. The vesicles were also smaller at stage VII compared to the vesicles at stages IX-V. The stage-dependent differences in the size of the vesicles was found both in the basal and the columnar portions of the Sertoli cells. At stage VII some of the vesicles appeared to be elongated much like the tubular elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) from which they are probably derived. The stage-dependent differences in volume density and size in the Sertoli cells vesicles may be related to cyclic biochemical variations in the Sertoli cells, and are further indications of a variation in Sertoli cell function during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Whether or not this is due to an "internal" cycle of the Sertoli cell or to influences from adjacent germ cells remains to be determined. PMID- 7307057 TI - Fine structure and function of the prosomal glands of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae). AB - The prosomal glands of Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae) were examined light and electron microscopically. Five paired and one unpaired gland are found both in females and males. The silk spinning apparatus consists of paired silk glands which extend laterally on both sides of he esophagus into the pedipalps. There, they enter the terminal silk gland bag which opens into a silk bristle at the apex of hte pedipalps. The salivary secretions are formed in three paired glands which have an interconnecting duct, the podocephalic canal. The dorsal podocephalic glands may produce a serous secretion, the anterior podocephalic glands a mucous secretion, and the coxal organ may add a liquid, ion-rich secretion. These secretions pass the podocephalic canal and reach the mouth at the apex of the gnathosome. The function of the paired tracheal organs and the unpaired tracheal gland is still unclear. The tracheal gland may produce a secretion which facilitates the movement of the fused chelicerae and the stylets. PMID- 7307056 TI - Stimulation of growth by testosterone via the mesenchyme. Recombination of tissues from Tfm and wild-type preputial gland anlagen of mouse embryo. AB - To establish testosterone-dependent growth in organ-culture anlagen of preputial glands from normal wild-type and from androgen-insensitive mouse embryos carrying the testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) were explanted and cultured in the presence of testosterone. Within six days a size difference developed between Tfm and wild-type explants involving length of hair follicle, amount of preputial gland tissue, and overall size. Anlagen from Tfm and wild-type preputial glands were then separated into epithelial bud and mesenchyme. Reciprocal recombinants were prepared and cultured with testosterone. In the recombinants development of hair follicles and gland tissue was inconsistent. Nevertheless, the effect of testosterone was expressed in the overall size of the explants. The size correlated with the type of mesenchyme used, but not with the type of epithelium: Androgen-insensitive Tfm epithelium combined with wild-type mesenchyme reached the same size as whole wild-type glands and wild-type/wild-type recombinants. Wild-type epithelium with Tfm mesenchyme resulted in small explants, which were in the range of the whole androgen-insensitive Tfm glands. Tfm/Tfm recombinants showed very poor growth, probably related to the fact that in this group no hair or gland structures developed. PMID- 7307058 TI - Fine structural localisation of acetylcholinesterase activity in the compound eye of the honeybee (Apis mellifica L.). AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was demonstrated histochemically at the electron microscopic level in the compound eye of the worker bee (Apis mellifica L.) by use of the method of Lewis and Shute (1969). All photoreceptor axons (short and long visual fibres) display AChE activity. The reaction product is located in the axoplasm and at the plasma membrane. Substantial amounts of the reaction product can be detected in the intercellular spaces between the visual fibres. Along the visual fibres, the enzyme activity is unevenly distributed. High AChE activity is present in the distal parts of te axons, in contrast to lower enzyme levels in the lamina. However, AChE is also present in the proximal terminals of the visual fibres as well as in the intercellular spaces between visual fibre terminals and the postsynaptic neurones (monopolar cells). Intracellular enzyme activity is almost absent in the monopolars. The authors assume the high AChE activity in the visual fibres to be indicative of acetylcholine as the transmitter at the first synapse of the compound eye. This hypothesis is discussed in view of the results of autoradiographic, electrophysiological and pharmacological investigations of the compound eye and of hte ocellus. Our data are a variance with results of studies on the eyes of Diptera. PMID- 7307062 TI - Electron-microscope study of the dentine-enamel junction of kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) teeth using selected-area argon-ion-beam thinning. AB - Transmission electron microscopy of selected-area argon-ion-beam thinned kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) enamel revealed a complex ultrastructure in the region of the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ). Characteristic features were multiple branching of dentinal tubules, rejoining of enamel tubules, elongated defects, extended protrusions of dentine into enamel, two types (A and B) of hypomineralized enamel and a continuity between dentinal and enamel tubules. In the intertubular regions of the DEJ a complex intermingling of finer enamel and dentine crystals, similar to that found in human enamel, was observed. The varicosities observed in the light microscope were a combined optical effect caused by the hypomineralized (type A) enamel and the branching and rejoining of the enamel tubules. PMID- 7307060 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone, reserpine, propranolol and phentolamine on in vivo uptake of exogenous amines by adrenal chromaffin cells. AB - An autoradiographic study was performed on the effects of hydrocortisone, reserpine, propranolol and phentolamine on the uptake of tritiated amines by adrenal medullary cells of the mouse. Oral feeding of hydrocortisone ahd no significant effect on the normal uptake pattern of dopamine, noradrenaline or adrenaline by medullary cells of different type (A cells or NA cells) or location (marginal or central), although the overall amounts taken up were markedly reduced. Handling the animals led to similar reductions in the uptake of all three amines and was thus clearly shown to be the important factor in this effect. Reserpine reduced the uptake of [3H] noradrenaline to 25% of the control value although the relative distribution remained unchanged. Propranolol and phentolamine had no observed effect on [3H] noradrenaline uptake. These results are discussed in the light of the previously reported action of ACTH in reversing the effects of hypophysectomy on medullary amine uptake (Hirano and Kobayashi 1978), and it is concluded that ACTH must exert this effect directly on the adrenal medulla rather than through the secretion of adrenal corticosteroids. It is also suggested that reserpine acts, as in neurons, by blocking amine uptake into intracellular granules rather than by blocking uptake into the cell itself. PMID- 7307061 TI - Cell junctions in explanted tissues from early chick embryos. AB - Hypoblast and definitive endoblast derived from young chick embryos were explanted and grown for 24 h in culture. The junctional complexes which characterise these tissues were studied on freeze-fracture replicas and thin sections. Cell membranes of the hypoblast displayed tight junctions only, disposed in randomly arranged strands or narrow belts which included many discontinuous strands. The definitive endoblast showed tight and gap junctions as well as desmosomes in close association with the tight junctions. It is suggested that the differences between the two types of tissue may be related to cell cohesiveness, which appears to be relatively low in the hypoblast and high in the definitive endoblast. PMID- 7307059 TI - The route of migration of lymphocytes from blood to spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in the pig. AB - Porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes were labelled with tritiated uridine in vitro and transfused into normal young pigs. Serial biopsies were taken from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, and the localization of labelled lymphocytes determined on autoradiographs. Four to five hours after cell infusion samples of Peyer's patches, tonsils and small intestine were taken and the labelled lymphocytes classified by their localization in different organ compartments. In spleens most labelled cells were found in the red pulp and about 30% in the marginal zone. Within 4 to 5 h there was a constant increase in labelled lymphocytes in the compartment of the white pulp with more cells localized in the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath than in the corona. In lymph nodes about two thirds of all labelled cells were seen in the wall of high endothelial venules 15 min after cell infusion. Labelled cells then decreased in the vessel wall, but, at the same time, increased in the neighbourhood of these vessels and other parts of the paracortex. After 5 h about 10% of labelled lymphocytes had already migrated into the corona. In tonsils and Peyer's patches a comparable distribution of labelled cells was found in the organ compartments. The kinetics and the route of migration in the spleen and lymph nodes are therefore comparable to data for other species, despite the peculiar structure of pig lymph nodes and the paucity of lymphocytes in efferent lymphatics in pigs. PMID- 7307063 TI - The effects of short-term fluoride ingestion on bone formation and resorption in the rat femur. AB - The femurs from rats given 120 ppm fluoride in their drinking water for 4 weeks were examined with histological, histochemical, and radiographic methods. Blood removed from the rats prior to sacrifice was analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. Results of this study indicated that the ingestion of fluoride produced wide osteoid seams on the periosteal surface of the femoral diaphysis within 4 weeks. The increase in osteoid appeared to be due to an increase in the number of osteoid-producing cells (osteoblasts) along with a subsequent delay in the mineralization of this tissue. The metabolic activity of osteoblasts did not appear to be affected since the intracellular production of acid and alkaline phosphatase was not inhibited. However, due to the high concentration of fluoride ingested, abnormal collagen deposition and a change in bone mineral may have combined to cause a delay in osteoid mineralization. Mineralization was also delayed in the distal femoral epiphyseal plate resulting in an increase in the number of hypertrophied cells. Resorption of metaphyseal trabecular bone, presumably formed prior to fluoride administration, was increased causing a reduction in the amount of trabeculae extending into the shaft of the femur. Concurrent with these changes in bone, the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase remained within normal ranges. PMID- 7307064 TI - The mature mesonephric nephron of the rabbit embryo. III. Freeze-fracture studies. AB - In freeze-fracture replicas of the entire cross-fractured mesonephros of 18 day rabbit embryos the basolateral and luminal cell faces of the different nephron segments were studied and compared with their metanephric counterparts. In the proximal tubule, the shallow zonula occludens exhibited only 1-2 strands and resembled the corresponding metanephric zonula, a very "leaky" type which was found with a considerable paracellular flow component in sites of isotonic reabsorption. Gap junctions were restricted to the proximal tubule and were seen more frequently in its terminal segment. The distal tubule harboured two types of tight junctions. The most common type, a band of 5-8 closely parallel strands, matched the zonula occludens of the metanephric straight distal tubule. The observed particle density of the basolateral membrane (2,500 +/- 306). In addition, the collecting tubule exhibited a zonula occludens of the "tight" variety similar to that which occurred in the metanephric collecting duct. Rod shaped particles of the luminal membrane were mainly concentrated in some of the intercalated cells but also had developed on principal cells, and occasionally, in the distal tubule. The Wolffian duct, with a deep "tight" zonula occludens, had an obviously rather inactive epithelium with no conspicuous transport-linked membrane specializations. PMID- 7307066 TI - Mushroom poisoning. PMID- 7307065 TI - Connective tissue changes in surgically overloaded muscle. AB - The effects of overload on the connective tissue component of the soleus muscle of the rat have been investigated. Three weeks after tenotomy of its synergistic muscles the soleus underwent considerable increase in weight. This was shown to have resulted from an increase in size of the predominant fibre type. Whilst occasional groups of fibres appeared to have resulted from the splitting of large single fibres, there was not significant increase in the number of fibres in cross-section of the muscle belly. The connective tissue content of the overloaded muscles was investigated using both histological and biochemical techniques. It was found that muscle fibre hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in the connective tissue component. Furthermore, there was an increase in the proportion of collagen to muscle fibre tissue. PMID- 7307067 TI - A preliminary investigation into parasuicide in Salisbury, Zimbabwe--1979/1980. PMID- 7307068 TI - Jaundice in Africans with congestive cardiac failure. PMID- 7307071 TI - The N'anga, the guardian of the Shona way of life, its ethics and behaviour. PMID- 7307070 TI - World health, populations, sanitation and resources. Part 1. PMID- 7307069 TI - Study to determine duration of vibrio cholerae excretion in Malawians and to test efficacy of treatment. PMID- 7307072 TI - Some aspects of the problem of carcinoma of the cervix in Zimbabwe. PMID- 7307073 TI - Duchenne-muscular dystrophy in two brothers with relatively late onset. PMID- 7307075 TI - Eating for living and longevity in South African cultural groups. PMID- 7307074 TI - Duchenne-muscular dystrophy. A case report. PMID- 7307076 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain in children. PMID- 7307077 TI - Differentiation of the mouse hepatic primordium. II. Extrinsic origin of the haemopoietic cell line. AB - The whole hepatic primordium (endoderm + mesenchyme of the septum transversum) was isolated from mouse embryos at various developmental stages, from 8 to 10 days of gestation, and was either grafted into chick or quail embryo or cultivated in vitro. Haemopoiesis developed only if the liver rudiment had been explanted after the 28- to 30-somite stage, but not if explanted prior to this stage, despite normal differentiation of the hepatocytes. However, when the liver rudiment, isolated before the 28-somite stage in in vitro culture, was supplied with exogenous haemopoietic stem cells, haemopoiesis developed in the hepatic tissue. These data show that foetal hepatic haemopoiesis depends on migration of haemopoietic cells which home the liver rudiment at the 28- to 30-somite stage. PMID- 7307078 TI - Regulation of erythroid cell differentiation by haemin. AB - The differentiation of immature erythroblasts, isolated from anaemic rabbit bone marrow by density centrifugation to bovine serum albumin gradients, is accelerated by the addition of 10(-5)-10(-4) M haemin to the culture medium. Both the proportion of benzidine-positive cells and the synthesis of haemoglobin relative to the total protein were increased, whereas cell growth and DNA synthesis were decreased. Some of these changes were detected within 4 h and were maximal after 18-40 h. It is suggested that haem may have a physiological role in regulating in vivo erythropoiesis during haemolysis by accelerating terminal erythroid cell differentiation. PMID- 7307079 TI - Organogenesis in a defined medium supplemented with transferrin. AB - Organ culture of embryonic tissues provides means to analyse complex morphogenetic processes. Differentiation of the metanephrogenic mesenchyme into the epithelium of the nephron is know to occur in vitro. We have now formulated a synthetic medium which permits induction of the nephrogenic mesenchyme and its differentiation into the main segments of the nephron, the proximal and the distal tubules and primitive glomeruli. The medium consists of a basal medium supplemented with a single factor, transferrin. In the absence of transferrin differentiation failed to occur. None of the other factors tested (EGF, FGF, insulin, Pedersen fetuin) could replace transferrin. PMID- 7307080 TI - Acyltransferase activity and cytochemical localization in differentiating neuroblastoma. AB - Acyltransferase (AT) enzyme activity was assayed biochemically and localized cytochemically in neuroblastoma monolayers to investigate the possible role of the enzyme in neuroblastoma differentiation and neurite extension. Treatment of cultures for 1 day with serum-free medium or Ro20-1724, a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, induced neurite outgrowth but did not alter acyltransferase activity. Treatment for 4 days with dexamethasone or Ro20-1724 induced neurite outgrowth and a doubling of enzyme activity per cell. Chromatographic separation of lipid classes indicated that dexamethasone enhanced triacylglyceride synthesis. Acyltransferase was localized in mitochondria of neuroblastoma cells. The results show that 1) dexamethasone stimulates the storage lipid metabolic pathway in neuroblastoma cells and 2) increased acyltransferase activity is concomitant with dexamethasone-induced morphological differentiation. However, AT activity and neurite extension may not be causally related. PMID- 7307081 TI - Cytotoxicity to allogeneic cells in the chicken. III. Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity in normal and agammaglobulinemic chickens. PMID- 7307086 TI - [Electrochemical detectors for high pressure liquid chromatography]. PMID- 7307085 TI - [Pesticide residues in the orange (Citrus aurantium L. ssp. aurantium). I. Determination of residues of organophosphate insecticides using gas chromatography]. PMID- 7307087 TI - [Use of the young patient in a modern pharmacy]. PMID- 7307084 TI - [The effect of ionizing radiation on enzymes. V. Effect of gamma irradiation on the proteolytic effectiveness of trypsin and chymotrypsin]. PMID- 7307083 TI - [Pharmacokinetic analysis of the Bulgarian preparation Adepren in experimental animals]. PMID- 7307082 TI - Comparison of monocyte and alveolar macrophage antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and Fc-receptor activity. PMID- 7307088 TI - [Metabolites of 4-benzyloxy-3-chlorophenylacetic acid (Benzofenac) in animals and man]. PMID- 7307089 TI - [Biological side effects of potential antitubercular agents. I. The relationship between hepatotoxicity and the structure of thiobenzamides]. PMID- 7307090 TI - [Leishmania tropica in Czechoslovakia. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307091 TI - [Alopecia and immunotherapy using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307092 TI - [Leukomelanodermia areata (dyschromia "en confetti") caused by the application of monobenzylether of hydroquinone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307093 TI - [Angiokeratoma vulvae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307095 TI - [Vitamin A and psoriasis. Communication II. Vitamin A treatment in psoriasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307094 TI - [Vitamin A and psoriasis. Communication I. Blood serum value determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307096 TI - [Initial manifestations of psoriasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307097 TI - [Fertility disorders in welders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307098 TI - [Toothpaste in an epicutaneous test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307099 TI - [Pityriasis simplex capillitii -- aetiology and tentative treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307100 TI - [Changes in sacroiliac joints in chronic dermatoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307101 TI - [Erythromycin in the treatment of syphilis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307102 TI - [Some non-medical aspects of the antivenereal campaign (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307103 TI - [Dichlorvos for disinfection in zooparasitic skin diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307106 TI - [Heterogenesis in dermatology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307107 TI - [Results obtained by macrosurgical treatment of the tubal factor of sterility (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307110 TI - [The extraperitoneal cesarean section]. PMID- 7307105 TI - [HLA antigens and their significance in dermatology. An outline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307104 TI - [A proposal for more detailed diagnostic characteristics of psoriasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307109 TI - [Prenatal treatment of foetal hypotrophy by long-term glucose infusions. V. Effect of the infusions upon the trophoblast of placental villi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307111 TI - [Rational administration of oxygen during labor when there are signs of fetal hypoxia]. PMID- 7307112 TI - [Freezing human sperm]. PMID- 7307114 TI - [Premature rupture of fetal membranes]. PMID- 7307113 TI - [Coital problems in women]. PMID- 7307115 TI - [Asymmetrical function of the ovaries - alternation of ovulation]. PMID- 7307108 TI - [Lisuride in the treatment of sterility and amenorrhoea induced by elevated prolactin levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307116 TI - [Trends in perinatal mortality at the Institute for Maternal and Child Care in Prague-Podoli during the past 30 years. II. Postnatal mortality]. PMID- 7307117 TI - [Contemporary problems in gynecologic oncology]. PMID- 7307118 TI - [About the clinical value of estimations of plasma progesterone levels and urinary pregnandiol output in cases of imminent abortion during the first half of pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307119 TI - [Contribution of HCG radioimmunoassay in the diagnosis of pathological states in early pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307120 TI - [Prenatal treatment of hypotrophy of the foetus by means of long-term glucose infusions. VI Effect of the infusions upon the glycogen reserves of the newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307121 TI - [Sterility as a late consequence of intrauterine anticonception (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307122 TI - [The value of estimation of ABH isoantigens in gynecological tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307123 TI - [Eventration of an intestinal loop through the ruptured cicatrix of a vaginal hysterectomy]. PMID- 7307124 TI - [Trends in perinatal mortality in Prague]. PMID- 7307125 TI - [Pregnancy in women with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7307126 TI - [Preservation of the recurrent nerve in thyroid carcinoma and cervical lymph node metastases]. PMID- 7307127 TI - [Factors affecting the embryogenesis of the auditory organ]. PMID- 7307128 TI - [The development and function of the pharyngeal tonsil in early ontogenesis]. PMID- 7307130 TI - [Treatment of odontogenic complications involving the maxillary sinus after dental procedures]. PMID- 7307131 TI - [Late clinical results of the surgical treatment of choanal atresia]. PMID- 7307129 TI - [Propolis in otolaryngology]. PMID- 7307132 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of parotid gland tumors]. PMID- 7307133 TI - [Cryogenic treatment]. PMID- 7307134 TI - [Analysis of tone audiograms of mining electricians]. PMID- 7307135 TI - [2 cases of bronchial adenoma in children diagnosed with bronchoscopy]. PMID- 7307136 TI - [Eosinophilic granuloma]. PMID- 7307137 TI - [Precancerous conditions of the larynx]. PMID- 7307138 TI - [A portable calibrator with a dark chamber for electronystagmography]. PMID- 7307139 TI - [Histochemical properties of mucus in epithelial tumors of the large intestine]. AB - In a group of 9 polypous adenomas of the rectum and 27 adenocarcinomas of the large intestine histochemical properties of mucus were investigated. Malignization in the large intestine was associated with the disappearance of O acyl esters of sialic acids, the presence of which was detected by the method PB KOH PAS only focally, mainly in an extracellular localization in 21.7% of all cases. In tubular adenocarcinomas (16 cases) mixed mucus with a different content of PAS+ mucosubstances predominated. With the PAS AM 2.5 method bluish violet to magenta colouration. Sulphomucin was not proved in these tumours, O-acyl esters of sialomucin only twice. Mucus with more acid histochemical properties (PAS AM 2.5 blue colouration) with sulphomucin (alcioanophilia at pH 1) was secreted by carcinomas of papillary structure (7 cases), the majority intensely mucus forming similarly as villous adenoma. We may therefore, consistent with data in the literature, assume their histogenetic relationship. PMID- 7307140 TI - [Changes in myocardial ultrastructure in geese overfed at different altitudes]. AB - In the experiments the method of intensive feeding of geese (hybrid Ivages with steamed maize for a period of 32 days at two different altitudes was used (146 m above sea level and 974 m above sea level). Changes of the ultrastructure of the heart muscle of these animals were investigated. At both levels a marked lipid infiltration of myocardial cells was observed, formation of a large number of myelin-like structures, contractures of myofibril bundles, enhanced lobe formation of nuclei and marked abundance of pinocytic vacuoles in endothelials of capillaries. In geese from the high altitude the extent of fatty infiltration, the number of myelin-like structures and contractures of myofibril bundles was smaller than at the lower altitude. Probably during the more than one-month stay of the geese at the higher altitude as part of adaptation processes a population of "young" smaller mitochondria developed which represented a 10% increment of mitochondria which was confirmed also by morphometric methods. PMID- 7307141 TI - [Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with Cushing's syndrome]. AB - The authors describe generalized medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland with a typical slow 23-year progression which due to prolonged hypercortisolism led to the development of classical "paraneoplastic" Cushing's syndrome. The authors describe the diagnostic difficulties as regards laboratory tests. The case confirms not only the need of early radical treatment of these carcinomas which is the optimal solution, which however can be implemented only in exceptional instances, but also of the detection of this syndrome in all patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid in the preclinical stage. Clinically developed Cushing's syndrome or hypokalaemic alkalosis are in the majority of cases a late symptom associated as a rule with advanced generalization of this carcinoma. PMID- 7307142 TI - [Standardization of guidelines for autopsy and pathology departments]. PMID- 7307143 TI - [Relation of the stromal reaction to survival in breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7307144 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity with argentaffin cells]. PMID- 7307146 TI - [Age determination of individuals by teeth]. PMID- 7307147 TI - [Detection of amniotic fluid spots by placental alkaline phosphatase]. AB - In spots of amniotic fluid from the time of delivery placental alkaline phosphatase was detected reliably by the azocopulation reaction after inactivation of the thermolabile fraction. Evidence was positive in all 82 examined samples collected during delivery. A positive test was obtained already during the 16th week of gestation, while in the first trimester the result of the reaction was uncertain. Detection in the spots is better than in the extract from the spot and can be made event after two months. On the other hand, a test made on a slide makes also morphological examination possible. As regards evidence of pregnancy origin of the spots, the test is specific. PMID- 7307148 TI - [A cerebrovascular program]. PMID- 7307149 TI - [Analysis of 76 patients with sudden cerebrovascular attacks with emphasis on computer tomography findings]. PMID- 7307152 TI - [Extrapyramidal hyperkinesia in the facial region]. PMID- 7307151 TI - [Composition of fatty acids in serum lecithins in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7307150 TI - [Differences in serum hydantoin levels in epileptic children during hospitalization and in ambulatory care]. PMID- 7307153 TI - [Ataxia with telangiectasia--the Louis-Bar syndrome]. PMID- 7307145 TI - [Candida peritonitis in systemic mycosis]. PMID- 7307154 TI - [Postoperative inflammation of the intervertebral disk]. PMID- 7307155 TI - [Dermoid cyst of the brain]. PMID- 7307157 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of tumors in the region of the pineal body]. PMID- 7307158 TI - [Study of glomerular filtration in children of the youngest age group]. PMID- 7307156 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy in low birth weight newborn infants]. PMID- 7307159 TI - [Secondary measles immunization of 8th grade students in elementary schools]. PMID- 7307161 TI - [The health status of children in families of alcoholism]. PMID- 7307160 TI - [Nutritional nitrate methemoglobinemia caused by carrot infusion]. PMID- 7307163 TI - [Child abuse. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7307162 TI - [Blood pressure values in infants and young children in relation to the duration of breast feeding]. PMID- 7307164 TI - [Child abuse syndrome]. PMID- 7307165 TI - [Personality characteristics of parents of abused children]. PMID- 7307168 TI - [Social and legal problems of abused children and their care]. PMID- 7307166 TI - [Psychological characteristics of abused children]. PMID- 7307167 TI - [Child abuse and legal problems of medical care]. PMID- 7307169 TI - [The relationship between research and standardization in the construction of health facilities]. PMID- 7307170 TI - [Questions and problems of scientific administration and organization of work in society and health care. I. Fundamental and major principles of scientific administration in a socialist society]. PMID- 7307171 TI - [Analysis of standardization efforts of the health department of Slovakia, evaluation of results, trends and possibilities of further development in this area]. PMID- 7307172 TI - [Prevention of problems of living alone in old age]. PMID- 7307173 TI - [Important activities for a healthy life style in the adult population]. PMID- 7307174 TI - [The information process, effectiveness and quality of preventive health care]. PMID- 7307175 TI - [Scientific and technical cooperation among the socialist countries in the field of health care]. PMID- 7307176 TI - [Health status and problems of living conditions in old age]. PMID- 7307177 TI - [Planning the development of science and technology in health care using the network analysis method]. PMID- 7307179 TI - [Problems in the synthetic measurement of the quality of health care]. PMID- 7307180 TI - [The international medical science information system in socialist countries]. PMID- 7307178 TI - [3d stage classification in research on health awareness]. PMID- 7307181 TI - [Radiotherapy of the Gorham - Stout syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307182 TI - [Thermographic examination of the varicose complex of lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307183 TI - [Angiography in tumours of the brainstem, vermis and cerebellar hemisphere (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307184 TI - [Studies of the dynamic relations in the segment atlas-axis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307185 TI - [Experience with Telebrix in cerebral angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307186 TI - [Fibrocementoma of long bones (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307187 TI - [On x-ray diagnosis of heart tumours (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307189 TI - [Replacement of negatoscopes in x-ray departments by standardized wall lamps with bulbs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307190 TI - [Signs of heredity in idiopathic diffuse skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)]. PMID- 7307191 TI - [Chondrodysplasia punctata (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307188 TI - [Importance of peroperative angiography in reconstructive vascular surgery of the lower extremities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307192 TI - [Our first experience with computerized tomography of the spine and the spinal cord (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307193 TI - Studies on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. II. A one-pot synthesis of 1 arylmethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines from an isoquinolinium salt. PMID- 7307194 TI - Synthesis of hydrazone derivatives of 3a,4-dihydroadrenochrome-3a-sulfides and determination of their hemostatic activities. PMID- 7307195 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination and pharmacokinetic investigation of amino-penicillins and their metabolites in man. PMID- 7307196 TI - Studies on the comparative ability of beta-glucuronidase preparations to hydrolyze bile acid glucuronides. PMID- 7307197 TI - Effect of carbachol on intestinal absorption of aminopyrine, caffeine and salicylic acid during in situ recirculating perfusion in rats. PMID- 7307198 TI - Stability of packaged solid dosage forms. IV. Shelf-life prediction of packaged aspirin aluminum tablets under the influence of moisture and heat. PMID- 7307199 TI - New approach to the hepatic first-pass effect by whole-body autoradiography. PMID- 7307200 TI - Determination of paeonol metabolites in man by the use of stable isotopes. PMID- 7307201 TI - Stability of packaged solid dosage forms. V. Prediction of the effect of aging on the disintegration of packaged tablets influenced by moisture and heat. PMID- 7307203 TI - Kinetics of digestive enzyme stability in the solid state. II Quantitative prediction of enzyme inactivation. PMID- 7307202 TI - Stability of packaged solid dosage forms. VI. Shelf-life prediction of packaged prednisolone tablets in relation to dissolution properties. PMID- 7307204 TI - [Aortic coarctation with bilateral aneurysms of the subclavian arteries: surgical treatment]. AB - The natural history of untreated coarctation of the aorta may be complicated by dissection or aneurysms of the ascending as well as of the descending thoracic aorta distal to the coarctation. We report a case of coarctation of the aorta in a young man associated to bilateral aneurysms of the subclavian arteries, one of which of great size. In a review of the most recent and largest series of adult patients undergoing surgery for aortic coarctation we were unable to find a similar case. In such a condition complete repair may be accomplished quite safely, preferably employing a multi-stage technique. PMID- 7307206 TI - [A technical variant of gastrectomy: unidirectional esophago-fundus-jejunostomy]. PMID- 7307205 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. AB - The Authors report their experience concerning 120 patients with Raynaud's Disease (50 pats.) or Syndrome (70 pats.). All patients were studied before and after treatment, by clinical, thermometric, oscillographic and photoplethysmographic observation and by the Doppler examination, in order to evaluate the functional and organic component of the disease. Surgical treatment was reserved to 45 patients with secondary or primitive Raynaud's phenomenon refractory to medical therapy. The treatment of choice was thoracic sympathectomy. The result was excellent in 64% of cases, fair in 26%, and nil in 8%. 75 patients were treated with various drugs for a period of 6 months or 1 year. In 54% of cases the result was excellent, fair in 29%, and nil in 16%. The Authors conclude that diagnosis of Raynaud's Syndrome is above all clinical, that a leading part is played by photoplethysmography and the Doppler examination, and that medical therapy is indicated in the first instance, since it is capable of preventing the rise of those distal trophic disorders that constitute one of the main indications of surgical treatment. PMID- 7307207 TI - [Proposed subdivision and intraoperative identification of axillary lymph nodes in the surgical treatment of breast cancer. Prognostic value]. PMID- 7307208 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum: 20 cases treated with emergency surgery]. PMID- 7307209 TI - [Internal abdominal hernia (case report)]. PMID- 7307210 TI - [The He-Ne laser in therapy of decubitus ulcers. Preliminary note]. PMID- 7307211 TI - [Splenectomy in children. Long-term follow-up]. PMID- 7307213 TI - [Endometrial adenocarcinoma with epidermoid carcinoma of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 7307212 TI - [Biliary ileus: considerations on 6 cases of acute abdomen]. PMID- 7307214 TI - [Perineal endometriosis in a case of prior delivery with uterine inversion]. PMID- 7307216 TI - [Major aplasia of the thoracic wall and congenital thoracic scoliosis (3 observations) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307215 TI - [Orthopaedic examination of 1 500 infants in maternity (author's transl)]. AB - 1 500 infants have been examined by two orthopaedic surgeons within forty eight hours. The examination of the feet has showed that the usual position in utero was the dorsiflexion. A new classification of deformities of the feet is proposed. The examination of the knees has permitted to discover a rotatory instability between the femur and the tibia in 2% of the infants. Some of them were actual dislocations. During the examination of the hips, it has been researched an instability; the passive abduction, the tension of the adductors and an abduction contracture have been analysed. Some instable hips are easy to detect because there is a jerk (ressaut) but others are very difficult because there is no snapping sign but only a telescoping displacement (piston). The rate of unstable hips was 1.7%. As the combination of an unstable hip and an adductor hypertonicity is usual it is very important to detect a pelvic obliquity and a bilateral adductor-hypertonicity. The various forms of normal birth postures and the relation to orthopaedic deformities of the inferior limbs are studied. PMID- 7307217 TI - [Femoral neck fractures in children. About 14 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors study 14 femoral neck fractures in children after a four and half years follow up. They point out the scarcity of these fractures in children. They describe their therapeutic methods and results. They corroborate the bad prognosis of this injury (femoral neck necrosis or further growth trouble) and emphasise the importance of a long term follow up to appreciate precisely the sequellar growth trouble. They discuss the responsibility of the femoral neck's vascularisation pattern in the origin of the sequella. They ask two questions : - Is it useful to treat these fractures in emergency? -- Is the surgical dogma still valid? PMID- 7307218 TI - [Congenital metatarsus varus. Anatomic and therapeutic considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307220 TI - [Splenic abscess caused by Ristella fragilis : a case report of a 2 years-old boy (author's transl)]. AB - This is a case report concerning a 2 years-old white boy who suffered sepsis fever with isolation in blood culture of an anaerobic bacteria (Ristella or Bacterioides fragilis). Despite continued specific therapy with clindamycine, a mass rapidly developed in the upper left portion of the abdomen which was investigated by plain film, barium enema, upper G.I. series and ultrasound study. The diagnosis of splenic abscess was only made at laparotomy. Splenectomy was a difficult procedure and needed an extension to the chest because of diaphragmatic adhesions. Culture of pus from the excised spleen grew bacteroides fragilis also, and metronidazole was added for therapy. Recover was uneventful with a 3 years follow-up. The authors emphasized the difficulty of clinical diagnosis of splenic abscess, the difficulty of bacteriological study of anaerobic bacteria and the scarceness of such cases, especially in pediatric literature. They ask the question about the legitimacy of splenectomy. PMID- 7307219 TI - [Management of the upper urinary tract in boys with posterior urethral valves (65 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors study the management of the upper tract in 65 boys with posterior urethral valves from 1965 through 1978. Their behaviour has changed with time. At the beginning of their experience they used systematically urinary cutaneous diversion (18 cases : 9 good results -- 4 deaths -- 5 poor results). In a second period they used extensive surgical reconstruction at the same time as with destruction of the valves according to H.W. Hendren. Results were very bad : 5 cases: 1 good result, 3 poor results -- 1 death. During the later years of this study (1973 to 1978) 42 boys were managed by primary destruction of the valves. 22 required only valve ablation and recovered with a good upper tract. 6 severely ill infants who did not respond to valve ablation alone were nephrostomy (2) or ureterostomy (4) diverted (4 good results). In 14 additional patients a ureteral reimplantation was required : 8 successes -- 6 failures. Our experience supports the thesis that after primary resection alone the severely dilated and tortuous ureters usually improve strikingly with time. A period of watchful waiting before undertaking ureteral reimplantation is recommended. Measurements of ureteral pressure also are beneficial in determining the need for surgical intervention (Whitaker). Temporary ureteral diversion has a place in the severely ill patient who has not responded to valve resection. PMID- 7307222 TI - Gastrointestinal workshop. PMID- 7307223 TI - Summary of workshop on present knowledge of late effects of treatment on endocrine function. PMID- 7307224 TI - Carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic workshop. PMID- 7307221 TI - [Priapism in the young adolescent (author's transl)]. AB - Priapism is exceptional before puberty and a new case is here related. Facing the failure of the medical treatment, a caverno-saphenous shunt is realized at the 72e hour. In connection to this case, we present a review of etiological and pathological knowledges applying to this anomaly of erection. An early surgical treatment is obviously necessary to prevent fibrosis, ground for later impotence. Likewise, we must insist on the usually temporary practice of this accident which may lead to discuss about the suppression of the shunt in some secondary deficiency of erection. PMID- 7307226 TI - Conference on long-term normal tissue effects of cancer treatment: summary of cardiac portion of cardiopulmonary workshop. PMID- 7307225 TI - Pulmonary section - cardiorespiratory workshop. PMID- 7307227 TI - Long-term effects - immunohematopoietic workshop. PMID- 7307228 TI - Bone, muscle, soft tissue workshop. PMID- 7307229 TI - Pharmacokinetics of vincristine sulfate in children. AB - A radioimmunoassay was used to measure vincristine sulfate concentrations in the serum of four children with malignancies (ages 5-16 years) following intravenous (IV) bolus injections. The pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by a non-linear least-square regression program NONLIN. A three-compartment open model fitted the raw data better than a two-compartment model in three patients. In the other patient the raw data fitted a two-compartment open model. The half-lives of the triphasic decay curves alpha, beta, and gamma were 2.6, 41, and 1,531 min (25.5 h), respectively. The mean apparent volume of the central compartment was 3.25 l, and the the volume of distribution per 1.73 m2 body surface area at steady state was 215.9 l. In a three-compartment open model, the first-order distribution and elimination rate constants (min-1) of vincristine were as follows: k12, 0.088; k13, 0.121; k21, 0.028; k31, 0.0026; k10, 0.045. The plasma clearance was 146.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2, while the AUC0 infinity was 27,816 nM . min. Urinary excretion in one patient demonstrated a drug concentration of greater than 1.0 X 10(-7) M in the urine up to 78 h after the injection. Up to 37% of the administered drug was excreted in the urine as vincristine and/or its metabolites by 90 h. The low elimination rate constant from poorly perfused tissues to blood plasma (k31), a large apparent volume of distribution, and a long biological half life (25.5 h) indicate avid tissue binding from which a slow release of the drug from the body tissues occurs. PMID- 7307230 TI - Cyclophosphamide and dimethylsulfoxide in the treatment of squamous carcinoma of the lung. Therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics. AB - To determine whether dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can potentiate antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide (CYC) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, 14 patients were treated with 5 l of a 5% or 6% DMSO solution PO over 3 days and 1,500 mg CYC/m2 IV as a 60-min infusion on the third day of treatment. Serial blood, CSF, and urine samples were collected to assess the pharmacokinetics of CYC. Courses were repeated every 3-4 weeks. No antitumor responses were observed. Toxicity was mainly hematologic and similar to that of CYC alone. There was one death from infection during granulocytopenia. Nonhematologic toxicity was moderate to severe and included nausea (14 patients) and vomiting (five patients). The plasma pharmacokinetics of CYC in this study are similar to previously reported results for CYC alone, but the 24-h urinary excretion of CYC in our study is much lower than previously reported. Further studies in tumors more responsive to CYC may be warranted. PMID- 7307232 TI - Activity of 9-10 anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1 H-imidazol-2 yl)hydrazone]dihydrochloride (CL216,942) in a human tumor cloning system. Leads for phase II trials in man. AB - We have utilized a recently developed human tumor cloning system to screen for antitumor effects in vitro of a new anthracene derivative, CL216,942. The object was to determine whether the system is useful for pinpointing the types of tumors in patients which should be studied in early phase II clinical trials. Tumors from 684 patients were placed in culture (27 different histologic tumor types). Two hundred seventy-three tumors both grew and formed enough colonies for drug sensitivity assays. In vitro antitumor activity was noted for CL216,942 against human breast cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, squamous cell, small cell and large cell lung cancer, lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, melanoma, adenocarcinoma of unknown origin, adrenal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and head and neck cancer. The drug definitely showed no in vitro activity against colon cancer. These data indicate that CL216,942 has a wide spectrum of in vitro antitumor activity. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of phase II clinical trials with the drug should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human cloning system for predicting clinical activity of a new compound. PMID- 7307231 TI - Disposition and metabolism of thiopurines III. beta-2'-Deoxythioguanosine and 6 thioguanine in the dog. AB - The anticancer agent beta-2' deoxythioguanosine (beta-TGdR, NSC-71261) has potential utility for the treatment of hematologic tumors resistant to 6 thioguanine (TG). We have studied the pharmacology and metabolism of these two agents in the beagle dog. [35S] beta-TGdR was administered as an IV bolus to five dogs at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Plasma radioactivity declined biphasically with an average terminal t 1/2 of 3.7 h. Cumulative urinary excretion of the radiolabel 5 h after administration was 19% of the total dose. In another four dogs that received 100 mg/kg (2.71 g), the average terminal plasma t 1/2 was 7.7 h and the 5-h cumulative urinary excretion was 28% of the total dose. [35S]Thioguanine, 5 mg/kg was similarly administered IV to three beagle dogs. The average terminal t 1/2 of [35S]TG and metabolites was 4.6 h, and the 5-h cumulative urinary excretion of the [35S] label was 47%. Similar studies were conducted in three beagle dogs that received the same dose of [8(14)C]TG. In these studies, however, the terminal phase t 1/2 of 14C in plasma was 1.9 h. Cumulative urinary excretion of the 14C was 40% in 5 h. Both TG and beta-TGdR were rapidly and extensively degraded. Neither of these agents and none of their metabolites was found in the cerebrospinal fluid in significant concentrations. In the dog, beta-TGdR was rapidly metabolized to TG and may serve as a slow release form of TG. PMID- 7307233 TI - Clinical studies on the antitumor action of mecaphane. AB - Over a period of 4 years, 241 patients with advanced cancer were treated with mecaphane alone in 11 hospitals. Effective objective responses were obtained in 100 patients (41.4%). The response was most conspicuous in chronic granulocytic leukemia, with remission in 37 of 40 patients; in Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma response rates were 60% and 47.3%, respectively. Mecaphane had an analgesic action in metastatic osteolytic bone cancer, and two patients with such metastases even attained recalcification of the osteolytic destructive lesions. The common toxic manifestations of mecaphane were leukopenia (33.6%), gastrointestinal upsets (28.2%), and thrombocytopenia (12.8%). It is concluded, therefore, that mecaphane could be a good antitumor agent in clinical use. It is less expensive and can be taken orally. Further trials of this drug are recommended. PMID- 7307234 TI - The combination of melphalan with prednisolone. Anti-tumor effect and normal tissue toxicity in laboratory systems. AB - The effect of prednisolone upon the therapeutic index of melphalan has been studied in a variety of laboratory systems. The anti-tumour action of melphalan was assessed for a human melanoma xenograft growing in immune-deprived mice, clonogenic cell survival and tumour growth delay being used as end-points. Normal tissue toxicity was assessed for human bone marrow colony-forming units, murine bone marrow colony-forming units, murine gastrointestinal crypt microcolony forming cells, and mouse survival. Prednisolone had no anti-tumour effect when given alone, but increased the anti-tumour effect of melphalan significantly. No increase in the toxicity of melphalan to marrow or gut colony-forming cells could be demonstrated. However, mouse survival was significantly lower after treatment with the combination than with melphalan alone. This study supports the view that steroids may enhance the anti-tumour effect of some alkylating agents, but this may be at the expense of increased normal tissue toxicity in some circumstances. PMID- 7307235 TI - Neurological toxicity of vindesine used in combination chemotherapy of 51 human solid tumors. AB - The authors treated 51 patients with solid tumours with vindesine 4 mg/m2, generally every third week, in combination chemotherapy protocols scheduled according to diurnal variability of kinetics. No dose-related sensory disorders were observed: On the contrary, motor toxicity appeared cumulative: 1) Early depression of osteotendinous reflexes from the first course onward, with progressive deterioration. No more normal reflexes could be evoked after 55 mg; 2) Early appearance of neurogenic pattern in the electromyograph after 5-10 mg. Progressive alteration with no normal detection recordings after 45 mg; 3) Late slowing down of conduction speeds (normal in 50% of cases up to 55-60 mg). Improvement or even complete recovery of neuropathy was documented following reduction of the unit dose, increased time interval between doses, or discontinuation of the treatment. The drug had to be withheld in only three patients: in two cases a low dosage related to individual sensitivity was being used. PMID- 7307236 TI - Pharmacokinetics of carminomycin in dogs and humans. Preliminary report. AB - Carminomycin was administered to four dogs and two human patients as a single intravenous dose. Plasma samples were obtained and assayed for carminomycin and carminomycinol by high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The plasma disappearance of carminomycin could be described by a three compartment open model. Distribution was rapid and the apparent volume of distribution was greater than 100 l/m2 in both species. The terminal half-life of drug was 86 h in dogs and 20 h in humans. In both dogs and humans carminomycinol concentrations rapidly surpassed carminomycin levels, and terminal half-lives were longer than for the parent compound in the two species. Since carminomycinol has antitumor activity and host toxicity, this metabolite may play an important role in the efficacy and toxicity of carminomycin therapy. PMID- 7307237 TI - Methyl CCNU therapy linked leukemia. PMID- 7307238 TI - Evaluation of a sensory-motor education programme for 'parents-to-be'. AB - A controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate a sensory-motor education programme presented to expectant parents in prenatal classes. Short information sessions on sensory-motor development were provided to experimental parents by an occupational therapist. Statistically significant differences between experimental and control groups were noted in the home environments at 3 months of age, with the experimental families exhibiting more favourable environments. No statistically significant differences in development at 8 months of age between the two groups were observed. PMID- 7307239 TI - A study of an urban health centre: factors influencing contact with mothers and their babies. AB - Some insight into the use of primary care team was provided by a study of encounters with families with infants. The demand for primary care was large, and varied greatly depending on the circumstances of the family. Using statistical models, five possible influences on contact were examined - the presence of other children in the family, distance from the surgery, the family's socioeconomic grouping, maternal age, and maternal depression. Having more than one child and living close to the surgery increased the likelihood of a home visit by the doctor. There were proportionately more visits by the health visitors to first time mothers who were depressed, and this was unaffected by distance. The baby clinic clinic was a popular meeting place, particularly for first-time mothers, and attendance showed no obvious social class bias. The degree of help sought by mothers, in terms of the number of contacts, appeared disproportionate to the child's physical problems. This indicates that more research is needed into the appropriateness of many contacts, and the extent to which the practice team is the most effective source of help. PMID- 7307240 TI - Review: the assessment of walking in children with particular reference to cerebral palsy. PMID- 7307241 TI - Response of isolated monkey coronary arteries to catecholamines and to transmural electrical stimulation. AB - In helically cut stripes of monkey coronary arteries of different sizes, contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha or K+, responses to norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and transmural electrical stimulation were compared. In response to norepinephrine, only contractions were induced in large arteries, contractions at low concentrations and relaxations at high concentrations in medium-size arteries, and only relaxations in small arteries. Epinephrine produced a greater contraction than norepinephrine in the arteries. Relaxant effects of isoproterenol were greater in small and medium-size arteries than in large arteries. Transmural electrical stimulation applied at frequencies of 2,5, and 20 Hz to strips of medium-size arteries produced a frequency-dependent contraction that was reversed to a relaxation following treatment with phentolamine. Propranolol abolished the relaxation. In strips of dog coronary arteries of medium size, transmural stimulation elicited only a relaxation which was suppressed or reversed to a contraction by propranolol. Dog arteries of this size responded to norepinephrine and epinephrine with only a relaxation. It may be concluded that the quantity or the susceptibility of alpha-adrenoceptors is in the order of large greater than or equal to medium greater than small-size arteries from monkeys, whereas that of beta-adrenoceptors is in the order of medium = small greater than large arteries. Monkey coronary arteries appear to respond to endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine with a contraction more consistently than dog coronary arteries. PMID- 7307242 TI - Membrane electrical mechanism of basilar artery constriction and pial artery dilation by norepinephrine. AB - To study the mechanism by which norepinephrine acts on vascular muscle cell membrane, we recorded membrane potential with intracellular microelectrodes in isolated cat basilar and pial arteries. On addition of norepinephrine concentrations less than 1 microM, pial arteries hyperpolarized and relaxed while basilar arteries depolarized and contracted. Relaxation and hyperpolarization of the pial arteries occurred without the need for addition of any other drug, which indicates the relaxation of spontaneous tone. The relaxation and hyperpolarization could be completely blocked by addition of propranolol before exposure to norepinephrine. The depolarization and contraction of both basilar and pial arteries was blocked by the previous exposure to phentolamine. Electrical spikes were not found spontaneously, but could be induced in both arteries by tetraethylammonium and subsequent addition of norepinephrine, blockable by phentolamine. We conclude that membrane property differences between basilar and pial arteries result in qualitatively different effects of norepinephrine. PMID- 7307243 TI - Intracoronary adenosine deaminase reduces canine myocardial reactive hyperemia. AB - We employed intracoronary infusions of calf intestine adenosine deaminase (ADA) to test the hypothesis that adenosine regulates coronary blood flow during myocardial reactive hyperemia (RH). Infusions of 4.5 U ADA/min per kg body weight into the left circumflex coronary artery of 10 open-chest dogs reversibly reduced repayment of flow debt by 30-39% (P less than 0.05) following 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 30-second coronary occlusions, the percentage reduction being independent of occlusion length. ADA reduced peak RH flow rate (17%, P less than 0.05) only after 5-second occlusions. Intracoronary infusions of [131]ADA in seven dogs produced interstitial ADA concentrations between 1.2 and 13.1 U/ml in perfused myocardium and, in five of these dogs, 131I activity in the cardiac node was 1.8 35 times that of contiguous mediastinal tissue. Theophylline, a specific adenosine antagonist, reduced repayment of flow debt by 27-36% (P less than 0.02) in eight dogs, an effect similar to that of ADA. In six other dogs, ADA plus theophylline did not reduce RH flow debt repayment below that produced by ADA alone. This experiment confirms the contribution of adenosine to myocardial RH but shows that this nucleoside accounts for but a third of volume flow. Other, as yet unidentified, factors are collectively more important. PMID- 7307244 TI - Influence of diabetes on the myocardium and coronary arteries of rhesus monkey fed an atherogenic diet. PMID- 7307245 TI - Correlation of alterations in cation exchange and sarcolemmal ultrastructure produced by neuraminidase and phospholipases in cardiac cell tissue culture. AB - Myoblasts and fibroblasts in cultured derived from neonatal rat hearts were exposed to neuraminidase and phospholipases C (PLC) and A2 (PLA2). Calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) exchange of the cells was measured before and after enzymatic exposure. The exchange characteristics of control and treated cells were correlated with cellular ultrastructure including assessment of intramembrane particle (IMP) density and aggregation by freeze-fracture. Neuraminidase exposure (removal of sialic acid) known to produce marked increase in calcium permeability without change in potassium permeability in myoblasts produced no change in IMP configuration of these cells. PLC, however, produced marked increase in both Ca and K permeabilities, permitted entry of La, and was associated with IMP aggregation in myoblastic cells. PLA2 produced no change in ionic permeability and no alteration in intramembrane particle configuration in myoblasts. Exposure of fibroblasts to PLC caused no change in either Ca or K permeability and no change in IMP distribution. These results, coupled with those of previous studies of permeability changes induced by sialic acid removal, indicate that control of cellular Ca permeability resides in at least two separate sites at the cellular surface: (1) the glycocalyx and (2) the lipid bilayer. By contrast, K permeability control is based within the bilayer. Ultrastructural correlations suggest that IMP aggregation may be associated with changes in bilayer permeability. PMID- 7307248 TI - Comments on "Static linear and nonlinear elastic properties of normal and arterialized venous tissue in dog and man" which appeared in Circ. Res. 37: 509 520, 1975. PMID- 7307246 TI - Sympathetic cross-innervation of SHR and genetic controls suggests a trophic influence on vascular muscle membranes. AB - We have attempted to differentiate neural from humoral environmental factors as the cause of altered arterial muscle membrane properties in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This laboratory has previously reported that alterations in membrane electrical properties appear to be responsible for increased NE sensitivity in caudal arteries from SHR. In this study, caudal arteries were transplanted into innervated or denervated anterior eye chambers of the same (KNR in KNR, SHR in SHR) or the opposite (KNR in SHR, SHR in KNR) strain. Seven weeks later, we measured membrane potential (Em) and norepinephrine (NE) contractile sensitivity (EC50) in both transplanted and host caudal arteries. Caudal arteries from 2-week-old donor animals transplanted into hosts reinnervated and developed Em and NE EC50 values characteristic of the host strain, interconverting between SHR and KNR characteristics in cross-transplantations. In other experiments, the superior cervical ganglion ipsilateral to the transplanted eye chamber was removed 1 day before transplantation to eliminate the influence of sympathetic nerves. Em values were the same in transplants denied sympathetic innervation whether the arteries were transplanted into the same or opposite strains. Although denervation increased NE sensitivity of KNR caudal arteries, sensitivity of arteries from the SHR strain was unchanged. Therefore, without sympathetic reinnervation, there was no interconversion of Em or NE EC50 characteristics between SHR and KNR by cross-transplantation. These results suggest that neural factors control the development of membrane properties of vascular muscle. It appears that the sympathetic nervous system of the SHR has altered trophic influences that contribute importantly to altered membrane properties in hypertension. PMID- 7307247 TI - Postnatal age-related renal responses to hypoxemia in lambs. AB - The role of normocapnic hypoxemia (arterial PO2 33 +/- 7 torr for 30 minutes) in asphyxial renal failure and its modification by maturation of renal function was studied in 50 chronically catheterized, unanesthetized lambs of 2-38 days postnatal age. Arterial pH and PCO2 did not change significantly in response to hypoxemia in these lambs. Normocapnic hypoxemia was associated with (1) significant percent increases in arterial serum osmolality (1.82 +/- 2.96%, P = 0.0001), arterial blood lactate concentration (1009 +/- 2092%, P = 0.0018), arterial blood hematocrit (6 +/- 12%, P = 0.0016), arterial hemoglobin concentration (4.6 +/- 6.5%, P = 0.0004), arterial plasma vasopressin (2370 +/- 3340%, P = 0.0001), arterial plasma renin activity (153 +/- 230%, P = 0.0001), arterial plasma aldosterone (91.3 +/- 143%, P = 0.0001), and fractional sodium excretion rate (120 +/- 240%, P = 0.007); and (2) significant percent decline in glomerular filtration rate (-22.6 +/- 32.6%, P = 0.0003). Several responses to hypoxemia correlated significantly with postnatal age, including (1) positive correlation of postnatal age with percent change in blood osmolality (r = 0.36, P = 0.010), hematocrit (r = 0.48, P = 0.0005), hemoglobin (r = 0.59, P = 0.0004), and lactate (r = 0.72, P = 0.0001), suggesting greater water movement from the intravascular compartment in response to hypoxemia in more mature lambs; and (2) positive correlation of postnatal age with change in urinary flow rate (r = 0.66, P = 0.0001), urinary sodium excretion rate (r = 0.65, P = 0.0001), and osmolar clearance rate (r = 0.60, P = 0.0002), suggesting a greater effect of hypoxemia on the renal tubules to decrease sodium reabsorption in more mature kidneys. Thus, normocapnic hypoxemia may play a role in asphyxial renal failure, and the immature kidney does not have increased susceptibility to this condition. PMID- 7307250 TI - Automated analysis for plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine by liquid chromatography, including a sample cleanup procedure. AB - We describe a fully automated method of analysis for plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine by use of a two-column system of "high-performance" liquid chromatography. Catecholamines in deproteinized plasma are purified on the first (preparation) column, then transferred automatically to the second (analytical) column in which epinephrine and norepinephrine are resolved. These compounds are then determined fluorometrically with a continuous-flow reaction system by the trihydroxyindole method. The minimum sensitivity of the method is 0.02 and 0.04 pmol for epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively. One assay can be completed in 30 min, and greater than 1 mL of plasma is required for the procedure. The within-run CV in the chromatographic determination of pooled plasma was greater than 3%, and the analytical overall recovery of the two compounds was 95%. The concentrations in plasma of medical students at rest were 0.32 (SE 0.06) nmol/L for epinephrine and 0.98 (SE 0.08) nmol/L for norepinephrine. PMID- 7307249 TI - One-minute electrochemical enzymic assay for cholesterol in biological materials. AB - In this rapid and specific micro-scale electrochemical enzymic assay for cholesterol and cholesterol esters, 10 microL of standard or sample is injected directly into a heated (50 degrees C) thermostated, oxystated cuvet containing pH 7.25 buffer, cholesterol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.6), and cholesterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13). The cholesterol esters are hydrolyzed by the esterase, and the cholesterol is simultaneously oxidized by the oxidase. The hydrogen peroxide produced from oxidation of the unesterified cholesterol is measured by a polarographic anode covered with an acetate/polycarbonate membrane. The membrane allows hydrogen peroxide to diffuse to the platinum anode, where it is oxidized, but prevents the diffusion of ascorbic acid, uric acid, and bilirubin to the electroactive surface. Turbidity does not interfere. The correlation (r) between results by our method and the Abell-Kendall method for 105 samples of serum was 0.9994 and for 105 samples of plasma was 0.9997. Our method is convenient for the analysis of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma and serum supernates and in many kinds of tissue homogenates. Its limitations are also described. PMID- 7307251 TI - Variability of total cholesterol concentrations in serum by repeated measurements in a large pediatric population--limitations of quality controls for laboratory analyses. AB - We evaluated the variability in total cholesterol concentrations in serum in a large population of children over a period of time, to help us discern the limitations in reliability of current clinical laboratory methods for its analysis. We analyzed sera from a population of approximately 4000 children over a four-year period, quality-control sera, pooled sera, and surveillance samples from the Centers for Disease Control over a seven-year period, with a Technicon AutoAnalyzer II. Two methods of correction were suggested to adjust deviations in yearly serum total cholesterol means: yearly screening data were corrected on the basis of monthly variability in pooled-serum determinations and on the basis of deviations from values suggested by the Centers for Disease Control. Both correction methods were insufficient. These changes occur very slowly, and unless there is close monitoring and frequent comparison with a known standard, changes in laboratory results still can occur. PMID- 7307253 TI - Relative value of three laboratory methods in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. AB - We compared three methods of analysis for IgG in cerebrospinal fluid, using samples from 158 patients with clinically suspected multiple sclerosis and from 200 neurological controls. The tests were: search for oligoclonal bands, calculation of rate of synthesis of IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid, and determination of the IgG/albumin ratio. Paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were collected and their IgG and albumin concentrations measured. Oligoclonal bands were detected by electrophoresis on agarose. Positive results were obtained in 94, 75, and 67% of patients with probable or definite multiple sclerosis by the three respective methods. In contrast, for patients for whom the clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was considered possible, positive results were obtained in 10, 43, and 13%, respectively. Evidently, detection of oligoclonal bands remains the best single test for the presence of abnormal IgG in suspected multiple sclerosis patients. A combination of the first two tests is most sensitive for both probable and definite multiple sclerosis (97%) and possible multiple sclerosis (50%). Some infectious or immunologic disorders can also produce these IgG abnormalities, but they can usually be distinguished from multiple sclerosis by other clinical and laboratory data. PMID- 7307252 TI - Improved method for quantitative determination in serum of alkaline phosphatase of skeletal origin. AB - In this quantitative method for detection of skeletal alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity in human serum, intestinal and placental alkaline phosphatase activities are recognized by their susceptibility to inhibition by L phenylalanine, and skeletal and hepatic alkaline phosphatases are distinguished by their different sensitivities to inactivation by heat. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes prepared from organ sources may behave differently from the corresponding isoenzymes in serum. Our procedure allows us to include organ derived internal standards of skeletal, intestinal, and biliary alkaline phosphatase to minimize between-assay variation. In preliminary applications, we have found that (a) total serum alkaline phosphatase activity is extremely variable in post-menopausal osteoporotic subjects and is not a reliable index of skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity; (b) seven osteoporotic patients responding to therapy with sodium fluoride with increased bone formation showed increased skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity in their serum as compared with age-matched controls (p less than 0.005); and (c) 10 post-menopausal osteoporotic patients responding to therapy with stanozolol with increased total body calcium showed an increase in circulating skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity (p less than 0.001). PMID- 7307254 TI - "Sandwich" enzyme immunoassay for placental alkaline phosphatase. AB - Alkaline phosphatase of the placental type in serum has been suggested as a "marker" for malignancy and pregnancy. We describe a highly sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of this enzyme in serum and ascitic fluid. The assay will detect as little as 0.4 microgram/L, significantly less than with a radioimmunoassay performed with the same reagents. It is highly specific; it does not measure even above-normal concentrations of the intestinal and liver isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase. The assay is technically simple and allows the processing of many samples in less than 10 h. We measured this isoenzyme in serum of an adult control population. The upper limit of normality is 1.85 microgram/L. Interference by rheumatoid factor was eliminated. Concentrations of the analyte were increased in all pregnancy sera tested. Concentration and activity as measured by two different catalytic assays correlated well. Samples from cancer patients also showed a good correlation, with some exceptions. Possible reasons for these exceptions are discussed. The high sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity of this assay should make it a useful adjunct in monitoring cancer and pregnancy. PMID- 7307255 TI - Improved simultaneous gas-chromatographic analysis for homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in urine. AB - We describe an improved gas-chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantitation of the catecholamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and vanillylmandelic acid (3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid). Our improvements in the method of Muskiet et al. (Clin. Chem. 23: 863, 1977) include a shorter program time and a longer silylation interval. Recovery and precision data obtained by this improved technique are similar to those of Muskiet et al. Vanillylmandelic acid results (y) were compared with those by the method of Pisano et al. (Clin. Chim. Acta 7: 285, 1962). The relation is expressed by the equation y = 0.52 + 1.05x (Sy . x = 2.33 mg/24 h and r = 0.997). Results for homovanillic acid (y) were compared with those by the method of Knight and Haymond (Clin. Chem. 23: 2007, 1977); the equation was y = 0.84 + 0.90x (Sy . x = 2.04 and r = 0.97). Retention times are also reported for several phenolic acids and other related compounds found in urine. PMID- 7307257 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human IgG: reaction characteristics in the centrifugal analyzer. AB - We used monoclonal antibodies to human IgG in a kinetic turbidimetric method with a centrifugal analyzer. Results for total IgG with monoclonal and polyclonal reagents correlated well (r = 0.979). Within- and between-batch CVs compared favorably (3.1 and 4.8%, respectively, for polyclonal antisera and 3.5 and 4.0%, respectively, for monoclonal reagents). The monoclonal antibody combination used was shown to be of high titre, with an avidity toward the lower end of the range seen with conventional antisera to IgG. It displayed reaction characteristics similar to those observed with polyclonal antisera, although the time scale of reaction was extended and the effective concentration range was narrowed. Single monoclonal antibodies may not produce complexes of a size exhibiting measurable turbidity when reacted with soluble antigen. However, evidence is presented for the incorporation of such complexes into precipitates produced by other related antigen-antibody systems. PMID- 7307258 TI - Detection of aspartylglycosaminuria by gas--liquid chromatography. AB - I describe a rapid gas-chromatographic method for specific detection of the lysosomal storage disease aspartylglycosaminuria, based on the identification of the major storage compound, 2-acetamido-1-N-(4'-L-aspartyl)-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranosylamine (GlcNAc-Asn) in the urine of affected individuals. A 50 microL sample of urine is methylated without prior purification; the methylation products are then analyzed by gas--liquid chromatography. Under these conditions a diagnostic GlcNAc-Asn peak can be seen in the urine of patients with aspartylglycosaminuria, but not in the urine of control subjects or patients with related storage diseases. PMID- 7307256 TI - A coupled NAD+-peroxidase spectrophotometric assay for cholesterol. AB - We describe a modified enzymic reagent for determination of cholesterol and cholesterol ester in serum and in high-density lipoprotein. In this new procedure, the hydrogen peroxide produced by the action of cholesterol oxidase is used as a substrate for NAD+ peroxidase. Spectrophotometric determination of the NADH consumed in this coupled reaction provides a direct and absolute measure of the cholesterol originally present in free form and that liberated by the action of cholesterol ester hydrolase. PMID- 7307261 TI - Stability of theophylline in serum, plasma, and saliva stored at different temperatures. PMID- 7307262 TI - Diagnostic specificity and prevalence. PMID- 7307260 TI - Comparison of tissue pH monitor with a standard blood pH meter. PMID- 7307259 TI - Urinary free catecholamines determined by liquid chromatography--fluorometry. AB - Free norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine are determined in urine after purification on a small ion-exchange column and concentration on alumina. The catecholamines are separated by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography and are quantitated by measuring their native fluorescence (lambda ex 285 nm, lambda em 305 nm). The internal standard is dihydroxybenzylamine. Within-day CVs for the compounds ranged from 1.6 to 5.6%; between-day CVs were 6.6 to 9.8%. PMID- 7307263 TI - Reference values: accurate determination of plasma iron in infants by discrete nebulization in atomic absorption. PMID- 7307264 TI - The influence of progesterone treatment on the course and outcome of pregnancies following suture of the cervix for cervical incompetence. AB - In this work, we have been studying the effects of Progesterone treatment on the outcome of pregnancy and its influence on the newborn, in a group of women who have undergone cerclage as a treatment of cervical insufficiency, in comparison with a group of women who have had cerclage and have not been treated with Progesterone. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) Preventive Progesterone treatment after cerclage does not influence abortion rate, but reduces significantly the hospitalization due to threatened abortion (uterine contractions). 2) In the group treated with Progesterone, lower newborn birth weight and Apgar score were observed. PMID- 7307265 TI - Biphasic change in serum potassium concentration following a single dose of succinylcholine chloride. AB - Serum potassium concentration during the thiopentone-succinylcholine induction of endotracheal anesthesia was examined in 53 patients undergoing elective surgery. There was no change in serum potassium after thiopentone. During muscle fasciculation serum potassium fell by 0.37 meq/L and returned to the initial level by the end of fasciculation. During muscle relaxation there was a further rise of 0.41 meq/L. The expected increase in serum potassium following the administration of succinylcholine is shown to be preceded by a transient decrease. PMID- 7307266 TI - Pilo-sebaceous structures in the uterine cervix: case report. PMID- 7307267 TI - Combined systemic and topical treatment of trichomoniasis vaginalis with azanidazol. AB - The Authors report the results obtained using Azanidazol on a group of 55 patients affected by Trichomoniasis and studied in the Colposcopic Section of the Obstetric and Gynecological Clinic of the University of Florence. The study was carried out on two groups of patients using two different treatment methods. Complete recovery was reported in 93.4% of the cases in the first group and 100% of those in the second group. Tolerance of the preparation was very high. PMID- 7307268 TI - Steroidogenesis in menopause and endometrial pathology. AB - After considering the postmenopausal variations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal ovarian feed-back system, the Authors review the medical literature about ovarian and adrenal contribution to postmenopausal steroidogenesis. Comparisons are made between postmenopausal sex-hormone levels in controls and in endometrial cancer affected patients; estradiol is given the main attention: its higher level in cancer patients seems closely related to their higher mean weight; indeed, no estradiol level difference is found between patients and controls correctly matched as to the body weight. The possible role of estradiol in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer is then discussed basing on data obtained from women affected with diseases generally considered to be estrogen dependent. PMID- 7307269 TI - Accelerations in "intra-partum" cardiotocographic record. III. Correlation with meconium staining of amniotic fluid. AB - The Authors examined perinatal outcome and presence of accelerations in cardiotocographic records in a group of patients showing meconium staining of amniotic fluid in labor, in comparison with the data of a control group. The first group showed an average Apgar between 1' and 5' and an average number of accelerations every 30' significantly lower than those of the control group. Moreover the study of accelerations confirmed that an average of more than 5 accelerations every 30' is a clear indicator of fetal well-being. PMID- 7307270 TI - Accelerations in "intra-partum" cardiotocographic record. IV. Correlation with the presence of a funiculus pathology. AB - The Authors compare the presence of accelerations and variable decelerations in a group of cases showing funiculus anomalies and in a control group. The group with funiculus pathologies showed a lower average frequency of accelerations and a higher frequency of variable decelerations than the control group. Furthermore, it was confirmed that an average of more than 5 accelerations is a clear indicator of fetal well-being. PMID- 7307271 TI - Case of chorionamnionitis due to Candida in an I.U.D. user. PMID- 7307273 TI - Validity of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for measuring dopamine in human plasma. AB - We tested the validity of liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC) for measuring dopamine levels in human plasma, by adding known amounts of dopamine standard to human plasma, and by comparison with levels obtained using the catechol-O-methyltransferase radioenzymatic (COMT-RE) assay technique. The correlation between the obtained dopamine concentrations and picograms of added standard was 1.00 and the correlation between the two assay techniques across 32 plasma samples was 0.97. These results demonstrate that LCEC validly measures human plasma dopamine. PMID- 7307272 TI - Prognostic value of hCG, progesterone, 17-beta estradiol and the echoscopic examination in threatened abortion during the first trimester. AB - The Authors refer on the validity of echoscopic examination and hCG, progesterone and 17-beta estradiol values in the prognosis of threatened abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy in 62 patients. The echoscopic examination allowed a prognosis to be made in accordance with the clinical evolution of threatened abortion in 90% of the cases; the plasma levels of hCG and progesterone in 87% of the cases; 17-beta estradiol in 83% of the cases. The Authors conclude that the simultaneous assay of hCG, progesterone and 17-beta estradiol plasma levels does not improve the prognostic validity of echoscopy but, in some cases, can provide essential details on the etiology of threatened abortion itself. PMID- 7307274 TI - A rapid method for the emergency analysis of paraquat in plasma using a second derivative spectroscopy. AB - A rapid method for the analysis of paraquat in plasma of poisoned patients is described. The dithionite colour reaction is used to detect paraquat, and matrix interference is eliminated by the use of a chemical deproteinization technique followed by second derivative spectroscopy of the reaction mixture. The method was compared with an established procedure using ion-pair extraction followed by dithionite reduction. Sensitivity and precision were comparable and the correlation in patients' plasma was good. The proposed direct method is rapid and suitable for emergency use in the management of patients poisoned with paraquat. PMID- 7307275 TI - Multiple forms of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase: chemical and enzymatic properties, and circulating clearances of the fast- and slow-moving enzymes. AB - Two forms of alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum, EC 3.1.3.1) have been purified from human small intestine by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and tyraminyl derivative affinity gel, and by preparative disc gel electrophoresis. Intestinal phosphatases were electrophoretically separated into two components, fast- and slow-moving enzymes, with apparent molecular weights of 140000 and 168000 and with subunit weights of 68000 and 80000, respectively. Analyses of carbohydrate and amino acid revealed marked differences in the two enzymes. Enzymatic properties and affinities for an anti-blood group antibody were also found to differ. Papain digestion released a hydrophobic small peptide from the slow-moving enzyme and its enzymatic properties resembled those of the fast-moving enzyme. Circulating clearance (T1/2) of the slow- and fast-moving enzymes from adult intestine was found to be 7.5 h and 1.3 h, respectively; that of fetal intestinal enzyme was 2.8 h. Sialidase, sialidase/beta-galactosidase, or sialidase/beta-galactosidase/N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase treatment of the fetal enzyme reduced the value to about 40 min. Further, digestion with alpha-fucosidase, alpha-mannosidase or both restored it to nearly the original level. Organ distribution of injected 125I-labelled enzymes indicates that the desialylated hepatic enzyme was selectively distributed in liver, while the degalactosylated intestinal enzyme was incorporated into liver lymph fluid, and small intestine. These results suggest that the pathway of circulating clearance of alkaline phosphatase has several routes. PMID- 7307276 TI - Glutathione-S-transferase of human red blood cells; assay, values in normal subjects and in two pathological circumstances: hyperbilirubinemia and impaired renal function. AB - An assay for human erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase is described. The procedure is both sensitive and reproducible; sampling and storage conditions are also investigated. Reference values are given for normal neonates, children and adults. The normal red cell glutathione-S-transferase activity decreases significantly during the first weeks of life and remains constant afterwards. A slight but significant increase is observed over 75 years. Sex difference has no influence on enzyme activity. A significant increase (up to fourfold) in red cell glutathione-S-transferase activity is noted in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia exceeding 135 mumol/l. Red cell glutathione-S-transferase is also significantly increased in hemodialysed subjects suffering from renal dysfunction. PMID- 7307277 TI - Different aspects of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in male pseudohermaphroditism and hypothyroidism. PMID- 7307278 TI - Dopaminergic control of ketogenesis in fasting. AB - The role of dopamine in starvation ketonaemia was investigated in male Wistar rats by administration of a specific dopamine receptor antagonist, metoclopramide (4 mg . kg-1 . 24h-1), or placebo, intragastrically during a 48-h fast. Starvation alone caused a fall in blood glucose and gluconeogenic precursor concentrations, which was unaffected by metoclopramide administration. Circulating 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels rose with fasting alone but metoclopramide impaired this ketonaemic response. After 48-h starvation, total ketone body concentrations (mean +/- SEM) were 2.28 +/- 0.19 mmol/l with metoclopramide therapy, 3.49 +/- 0.21 mmol/l with placebo, P less than 0.001. Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels were similar in metoclopramide- and placebo-treated animals, as were circulating concentrations of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone. Metoclopramide thus decreased the ketonaemic response to starvation without an apparent change in lipolysis or circulating hormone levels, suggesting a direct role for dopamine in production of starvation ketonaemia. PMID- 7307279 TI - Familial congenital Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral nodular adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Two siblings with congenital Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral nodular adrenal hyperplasia are described. The older, a boy, presented with severe hypertension and died soon after subtotal adrenalectomy. His sister, who had clitoral enlargement and showed persistent hyponatraemia, had a two-stage total adrenalectomy and is still alive. Investigations in the second case showed grossly elevated urinary cortisol metabolites, 17-oxosteroids and 3 beta-hydroxy 5-ene-steroids. These were not suppressed by dexamethasone, and plasma ACTH was undetectable, indicating that the disorder was not due to excessive ACTH secretion. Cell culture studies on the resected adrenals failed to demonstrate an abnormal pattern of steroid synthesis in vitro, and normal trophic responses were obtained with 1-24 ACTH and monobutyryl cyclic AMP. No stimulation of steroid synthesis was obtained with a range of polypeptide hormones, and the cause of the adrenal hyperplasia remains unknown. PMID- 7307280 TI - Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin cross reacting with iodothyronines. AB - Serum thyroxine was consistently unmeasurable by radioimmunoassay in an elderly patient with myxoedema after successful treatment with oral thyroxine. Abnormal binding of thyroxine was suspected and shown to be due to the presence in serum of antibodies of the IgG variety. The characteristics of these antibodies with respect to their binding of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and human thyroglobulin (Tg) were systematically studied. Three preparations of Tg, and t4, T3 and rT3 were examined for their ability to compete with 125I-Tg, 125I-T4, 125I-T3 and 125I-rT3 for binding to the antibodies. For each tracer used the order of competitive efficiency was Tg greater than T4 greater than T3 greater than rT3. This provides for the first time direct evidence that iodothyronine reacting antibodies occurring in man are generated against Tg. All three iodothyronines were able to inhibit tracer binding of labelled iodothyronines completely, the order of effectiveness being T4 greater than T3 greater than rT3, suggesting antibodies with one type of binding site and that these were probably raised against a Tg sequence incorporating T4, although there was some evidence for the existence of a minor subpopulation of antibodies with higher specificity for T3. Complete displacement of labelled Tg by cold iodothyronines, however, was not possible. The experimental evidence suggests two classes of Tg antibodies, 70% of which were directed towards the T4 containing region, and 30% directed against other part(s) of the Tg molecule. Despite the presence of such Tg antibodies conventional haemagglutination tests of the patient's serum for Tg antibodies were negative. PMID- 7307281 TI - Measurement of 3'-monoiodothyronine in human serum. AB - An heterologous radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3'-monoiodothyronine (3'T1) has been developed using pure 3'T1 as standard, (125I)DL3'T1 and an anti 3,3'L diiodothyronine antiserum. The assay utilizes Sephadex G25F minicolumns to separate 3'T1 from other endogenous iodothyronines. 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid was used to inhibit binding of 3'T1 to serum binding proteins. Sensitivity was approximately 3.2 pmol/l. The mean serum 3'T1 concentration was 7.4 pmol/l in normal subjects, 30.8 pmol/l in thyrotoxic patients, 4.1 pmol/l in hypothyroid patients, 23.2 pmol/l in patients with severe non-thyroidal illness and 109.8 pmol/l in cord blood. Increased levels of 3'T1 were found in two normal volunteers who were injected with 3,3'T2, demonstrating that 3'T1 is derived from 3,3'T2 in extrathyroidal tissues. These studies suggest that 3'T1 is a minor iodothyronine metabolite in the human. It is unlikely to have significant biological relevance. PMID- 7307282 TI - Clinical experience with 75Se selenomethylcholesterol adrenal imaging. AB - The results of quantitative adrenal imaging using 75Se selenomethylcholesterol in sixty-two subjects are analysed. The adrenal area was localized by a renal scan, lateral views of which enabled adrenal depth to be estimated. The first nineteen cases were scanned with a rectilinear scanner and the remaining forty-three cases imaged with a gamma camera. Quantitation of adrenal uptake was performed on computer-stored static images obtained 7 and 14 days post-injection of 75Se selenomethylcholesterol (3 and 6 days in the first ten cases studied). Normal uptake was found to be 0.07-0.30% of the administered dose. Overall predictive accuracy of the type of adrenal disorder of thirty-two patients with Cushing's syndrome ws 90.6%, this included twelve cases of Cushing's disease (mean uptake 0.58%), seven ectopic ACTH syndromes (mean uptake 0.69%), five unilateral adenomata (mean uptake 0.93%), three post adrenalectomy regrowths (mean uptake 1.37%), three adrenal carcinomas (mean uptake 0.01%), one congenital hyperplasia (mean uptake 3.4%) and one unilateral nodular hyperplasia. Overall predictive accuracy of the cause of Conn's syndrome in twenty-two cases was 86.4%; this included thirteen cases of bilateral hyperplasia (mean uptake 0.34%), eight unilateral adenomata (mean uptake 0.47%) and one patient with mineralocorticoid excess in whom the cause has not been confirmed. The mean uptake in the normal adrenal in cases of unilateral adenoma was 0.19% (range 0.07-0.30%). Causes of unsatisfactory adrenal imaging are examined. The procedure is recommended as the localizing and lateralizing technique of choice in Cushing's syndrome except where due to adrenal carcinoma, and as an important non-invasive technique in Conn's syndrome for the lateralization of adenoma. PMID- 7307283 TI - A rise in the glomerular filtration rate as the cause of a 'paradoxical' increase in urinary free cortisol during dexamethasone suppression in a patient with an adrenal adenoma: a case report. AB - A 57-year-old woman who presented with depression and hypertension for which she had received anti hypertensive therapy including diuretics was found to have Cushingoid features. All medication was stopped and subsequent investigation demonstrated markedly elevated urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels. An increase in UFC occurred in response to the low dose dexamethasone suppression test and a further increase was noted during the high dose test. Plasma cortisol levels did not change significantly. Detailed examination of the data revealed that over the 6-day testing period the plasma creatinine had fallen from 1.4 mg/dl to 0.7 mg/dl while the creatinine clearance had doubled--presumably due to withdrawal of the diuretic. When the UFC was expressed per 100 ml of plasma filtered, there was no difference between any of the daily excretions. We conclude that a concurrent increase in glomerular filtration rate is one mechanism by which a 'paradoxical' increase in UFC in response to dexamethasone suppression may occur. PMID- 7307284 TI - Basal ganglia calcification in pseudohypoparathyroidism type II. AB - The case history of a patient with basal ganglia calcifications found by computerised tomography is presented. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism showed a pattern suggesting lack of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Further studies revealed increased endogenous PTH levels and urinary cAMP excretion. However, endogenous and exogenous PTH could not elicit the cAMP-mediated phosphaturic response, indicating pseudohypoparathyroidism type II. The responses of prolactin to TRH and chlorpromazine was impaired. Basal ganglia calcification in pseudohypoparathyroidism type II may represent the only somatic abnormality in this disease apart from the biochemical abnormalities. PMID- 7307285 TI - Calcitonin secretion and bone disease severity in hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism. AB - Calcitonin (CT) plasma levels and urinary hydroxyproline (OHPr) excretion were studied in twenty-eight patients (eleven males and seventeen females) with primary hyperparathyroidism in order to ascertain the effect of CT secretion on the severity of bone disease. The results show that in primary hyperparathyroidism plasma CT levels are increased in about 50% of patients independent of sex. Plasma CT levels were correlated with serum calcium values in males but not in females. Urinary OHPr excretion values appeared higher in those patients which showed lower CT plasma levels. In this latter group the incidence of undetectable CT plasma values was higher in females. The results suggest that in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism the persistent challenge of CT secreting parafollicular cells due to chronic hypercalcemia, may induce a decrease in their functional reserve, and that the bone involvement may have a greater incidence and more severe course in females, due at least in part, for their inability to increase CT secretion as much as males, due to an intrinsic sex-related lower CT secretory reserve. PMID- 7307286 TI - Abnormal suppression of plasma cortisol during the intravenous infusion of dexamethasone to alcoholic patients. AB - In some cases the oral administration of dexamethasone to alcoholic patients has failed to cause a normal depression of plasma cortisol levels. Although alcoholics often show signs of intestinal malabsorption, the possibility that the dexamethasone was not fully absorbed has not previously been considered. To eliminate any question of malabsorption, ten male alcoholic patients were infused intravenously with dexamethasone (1 mg/h). The plasma cortisol levels in blood samples withdrawn at half-hourly intervals during a 2-h infusion were compared with the values found in ten normal subjects similarly infused. Four of the alcoholics failed to show normal suppression of plasma cortisol levels, thus confirming that in some alcoholics there is a disturbance of pituitary-adrenal function similar to that found in Cushing's disease. In only one of the four cases was failure to suppress normally associated with the presence of clinical signs of Cushing's disease. PMID- 7307287 TI - Non-suppressible insulin-like activity during pregnancy in women with diabetes mellitus. AB - Serum levels of the growth factor non-suppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA S) have been measured in eleven pregnant women with diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and immediately (2 days) after birth. A significant increase in mean levels was observed with increasing gestation, reaching a peak at the time of delivery and subsequently returning to non-pregnant levels within 2 days. The NSILA-S levels in diabetic pregnancies were not different from those in non diabetic pregnancies and there were no significant correlations between NSILA-S and birth weight, maternal diabetic control, age or duration of diabetes or the treatment required. The physiological role of high NSILA-S levels during pregnancy still requires elucidation. PMID- 7307289 TI - Oestrogen stimulated neurophysin in pregnancy and lactation. AB - Serum concentrations of oestrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN) were measured throughout pregnancy in thirty-one women and until 6 weeks post-partum in a further twenty-three. During pregnancy ESN rose progressively and values during labour were similar to those immediately before delivery. There were significant correlations (P less than 0.05) between serum ESN and oestradiol values measured in samples from four patients. After delivery the concentration of ESN fell rapidly to the range for non-pregnant women by 5 days post-partum, whether the mothers lactated or not, and remained fairly constant for the next 6 weeks. Bromocriptine or metoclopramide, drugs which affect prolactin secretion, were without effect on ESN values. At 8 days post-partum in sixteen of the eighteen patients studied there was an increase in ESN concentration 30 min after suckling commenced. At 6 weeks similar changes occurred in five of the ten subjects studied. In contrast, at 8 days there was no significant change in ESN in four mothers who bottle fed their babies over the 90 min studied. The relationship between ESN and hormonal changes during pregnancy and lactation is discussed in the light of these results. PMID- 7307288 TI - Effects of cimetidine on pituitary function: Alterations in hormone secretion profiles. AB - Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, was given for 6 weeks to six normal male volunteers to study the effects on pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and testicular hormone secretion. Patients were studied before (day 1) and after (day 42) cimetidine (300 mg four times daily) therapy, and four of the six were restudied after discontinuing cimetidine for 1 month (day 72). Basal TSH concentrations and responses to TRH administration as well as T3 RIA and T4 resin uptakes did not change during or after cimetidine therapy. The diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol and maximum cortisol response to insulin (0.15 u/kg) were similar on days 1 and 42, but urinary free cortisol excretion fell 31% (Pless than 0.01). Response of GH to exercise, 100 g carbohydrate ingestion and insulin were unchanged, but mean nocturnal GH secretion decreased 33% (P less than 0.025) on cimetidine, and returned to baseline on day 72. The 24-h plasma prolactin profile was unchanged as was the prolactin response to insulin and TRH stimulation. Plasma FSH was not altered, but mean LH concentrations decreased 20% on cimetidine and continued to decline (45% of day 1 levels) after discontinuation of cimetidine (P less than 0.01). Spontaneous LH pulse amplitude declined slightly on day 42, but became significantly lower on day 72 (P less than 0.05). Peak LH responses t gonadotropin-releasing hormone were also reduced on cimetidine therapy (P less than 0.02). Plasma testosterone concentrations did not change but plasma oestradiol concentrations were 38% lower (P less than 0.025) after cimetidine was discontinued. H2 histamine receptors are involved in the control of multiple hormone secretory patterns and blockade of these receptors by cimetidine alters hormone profiles. These changed patterns have to be considered in the interpretation of hormone measurements in patients receiving cimetidine therapy. PMID- 7307290 TI - Endocrine effects of domperidone: a peripheral dopamine blocking agent. AB - In the present study, effects of domperidone, a peripheral dopamine blocking agent, on prolactin and growth hormone were examined to determine whether dopamine regulation of these hormones involved structures external to the blood brain barrier. A clearcut elevation in prolactin was produced by domperidone. GH response to apomorphine was partially blocked by domperidone. PMID- 7307291 TI - [Endocrine function: interesting cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307293 TI - [Management and treatment of pregnant women with thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307292 TI - [Thyroid disorders and gestational diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307294 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307295 TI - [Pregnancy and diabetes, in obstetric situation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307297 TI - [Hyperadrenocorticism and pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307296 TI - [Normalization of glucose metabolism by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and management of pregnancy and delivery in an unstable diabetic woman (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307298 TI - [A case of primary aldosteronism with unusual secretory pattern (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307300 TI - [Treatment of Cushing's disease with cyproheptadine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307299 TI - [The defect in chloride reabsorption and influence of indomethacin in the renal tubules of Bartter's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307303 TI - [Studies on the measurement on serum thyroxine with immophase total T4 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307304 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of the method of free thyroxine levels in serum with radioimmunoassay: gammacoat F-T4 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307302 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of human prolactin-the foundational approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307305 TI - [Measurement of C-peptide immunoreactivity in serum by improved CPR-RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307301 TI - [Calcium regulating hormones in endocrine and bone diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307306 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of human prolactin with "Daiichi kit" and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307307 TI - [Determination on serum parathyroid hormone using the radioimmunoassay kit (CIS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307308 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for serum myoglobin concentrations, and its clinical evaluation in various heart diseases (author's disease)]. PMID- 7307309 TI - Partial trisomy 3q due to a de novo translocation t(X;3) (p21;q12). AB - A patient with several cogenital malformations, principally in the face, cardiovascular system and genitalia, was found to have the karyotype 46,X,der(X),t,X;3)(Xqter leads to p21::3q12 leads to 3qter). A comparison of the clinical and cytogenetical findings with smaller cases in the literature led to the conclusion that a partial trisomy 3q is the most likely cause for the symptoms in this patient. PMID- 7307310 TI - Development of eight pubertal males with 47,xxy karyotype. AB - The increasing frequency with which the diagnosis of the 47,XXY karyotype is made requires more knowledge of the prognosis of this condition. We present four 47,XXY boys identified at birth and followed since then (Group I), and four 47,XXY boys diagnosed because of physical and/or emotional problems (Group II). Physical, psychological, language, and hormone data are presented. The physical and intellectual profiles for the two groups are similar. This is in contrast to the very poor school and emotional adjustment of the Group II individuals. These boys were definitely more difficult and problematic for their parents when compared to their siblings and to Group I who were unselected. This further emphasizes that the expression of this karyotype is variable and individuals with behavioral disorders may represent a maladaptive subgroup rather than the entire population of 47,XXY males. Recommendations are given for intervention with attention to learning and language problems, hormone status, and emotional state. PMID- 7307311 TI - Calf hypertrophy and asymmetry in female carriers of X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an over-diagnosed clinical manifestation. AB - The height, weight and calf sizes of 19 carriers of X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy were compared with 32 normal female controls of comparable age. Whereas the regression of the sum of right and left calf sizes on weight was highly significant in both groups, the difference between right and left calf size showed no significant association with weight, height or age. There was no significant difference between carriers and controls in the sum of calf sizes either before or after correction for weight by Analysis of Covariance and no significant difference between the two groups in the degree of asymmetry of right and left calf size. PMID- 7307312 TI - Familial isolated growth hormone deficiency. AB - A family is reported with isolated growth hormone deficiency in two children, their mother and, presumably, also in two maternal uncles and their maternal grandmother. Autosomal dominant inheritance is the best explanation. Isolated growth hormone deficiency is apparently a heterogeneous condition, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive as well as non-genetic diseases. PMID- 7307313 TI - Muscular anomalies. PMID- 7307314 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Krabbe disease. AB - Krabbe disease was diagnosed prenatally in Goteborg (Sweden) and Lyon (France) by assaying the cerebroside-beta-galactosidase activity with galactosylceramides and lactosylceramides as substrates in cultivated amniotic fluid cells. Altogether, 48 pregnancies at risk were monitored between 1972 and 1980. Ten pregnancies at risk were terminated because of a predicted affection of the fetus. Biochemical examination of material available from 7 of the 10 abortuses confirmed the diagnoses. All the remaining 36 pregnancies ended in the birth of a healthy infant. The study showed that prenatal diagnosis of Krabbe disease is difficult because of the relatively high residual cerebroside-beta-galactosidase activity in some affected fetuses. Except for the large biological variation, the enzyme activity was sensitive to variation in cultivation conditions and differed strikingly between morphologically different cell types. These two factors were controlled by including control cell samples cultivated under identical conditions and by relating the cerebroside-beta-galactosidase activity to that of two marker enzymes. The biological variation was investigated further by measuring the cerebroside-beta-galactosidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from infants with Krabbe disease and from their parents. Results obtained in 18 unrelated patients with Krabbe disease, 26 obligate heterozygotes and 63 controls showed a wide range of variation in enzyme activity in the controls, a large overlap between the controls and obligate heterozygotes, and a high residual activity in some patients. Nevertheless, a high residual activity in a patient was combined with a relatively high enzyme activity in the two parents. In the light of the above findings and deliberations, it appears warranted to conclude that laboratories with experienced personnel can make a reliable prenatal diagnosis of Krabbe disease and that the examination should be offered to all known couples at risk. PMID- 7307315 TI - Partial chromosome 4 trisomy. PMID- 7307316 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Fanconi anemia. AB - Prenatal diagnosis was performed on a fetus at risk for Fanconi anemia. A high spontaneous (0.30 breaks/cell) and diepoxybutane-induced (0.69 breaks/cell) chromosome breakage rate indicated an affected fetus and the pregnancy was terminated. The anatomic findings in the aborted fetus together with cytogenetic findings in cultured fetal skin fibroblasts confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7307317 TI - Mannosidosis: two brothers with different degrees of disease severity. AB - Two siblings with different degrees of mental retardation, skeletal dysplasia, coarse facies, delayed speech, motor incoordination, recurrent respiratory infections, and immunological abnormalities, were found to have deficient alpha mannosidase activity. Cultured skin fibroblasts in one sib were markedly deficient in alpha-mannosidase while all other lysosomal enzymes tested were within the normal range. The more severely affected sib came to autopsy and was found to have "washed-out" appearing cortical neurons and marked histiocytosis effacing lymph node architecture and partially replacing the bone marrow. The post-mortem brain and liver samples demonstrated a deficiency in alpha mannosidase relative to the elevations of other lysosomal enzymes. Although the patterns of abnormalities in the two cases closely match those of descriptions of "type II" and "type I" mannosidosis respectively, the variation should be due to genetic modifiers or environmental effects since the brothers must have shared similar alpha-mannosidase mutations. Immunologic abnormalities present in the more severely affected sib suggest that the differential survival seen in mannosidosis types I and II may be due to differences in their immune systems. PMID- 7307318 TI - Familial fibromatosis. PMID- 7307319 TI - High resolution protein mapping in fibroblast cell lines and hair roots from patients with genetic disease. AB - Protein patterns of cultured fibroblast and hair root lysates from healthy controls and patients with genetic diseases (Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Friedreich's ataxia, Marie's ataxia, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, maple syrup urine disease, and trisomy 13, 18 and 21) were obtained with two-dimensional electrophoresis. The analysis of these patterns in 39 gels by visual comparison revealed differences in the presence and absence of 20 specific protein spots. However, this variability, which has been observed in healthy controls as well as in patients, could not provide a diagnosis for a specific genetic disease. Only in one case - trisomy 18 - was an additional spot observed, which was not present in any of the other gels. PMID- 7307320 TI - Third case of a distinct variant of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS). PMID- 7307321 TI - Recurrent unilateral hand malformations in siblings. PMID- 7307322 TI - Histidinaemia in Sweden. Report on a neonatal screening programme. AB - Histidinaemia screening was included in the epidemiological survey of the Swedish neonatal screening programme, 1971-72. Dried blood samples on filter paper collected neonatally from 171,000 infants were analysed the Guthrie method. A blood histidine level above 0.96 mmol/1 (15 mg per 100 ml) was regarded as a positive test and was found in 639 infants - i.e., 1/270. No further diagnostic measures were taken until 1977 when stored dried blood samples from 273 infants with a positive screening test were analysed for urocanic acid. Four children had undetectable blood urocanic acid. They were studied and histidinaemia was confirmed in two children, and excluded in two. Both histidinaemia children had normal psychomotor development at 7 years of age, in spite of the fact that no dietary treatment was given. The incidence of histidinaemia in Sweden was estimated as 1/37,00, on the basis of neonatal screening. In addition, histidinaemia was diagnosed in four individuals who were not detected in the neonatal screening programme; of these, only one had an IQ less than 85. At present, general neonatal screening histidinaemia in Sweden does not seem justified. PMID- 7307323 TI - Pericentric X chromosome in a family. PMID- 7307324 TI - The genetics of omphalocele. PMID- 7307325 TI - Hyperglycinemia and pregnancy. PMID- 7307328 TI - Skin temperatures of the normal arm, hand and fingers in relation to the distribution of bacilli in lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 7307326 TI - Lymphocyte transformation test in detection of drug hypersensitivity. PMID- 7307330 TI - Granulomatous cheilitis (Miescher). PMID- 7307329 TI - A possible case of delayed hypersensitivity to ethylene oxide. PMID- 7307327 TI - Comparative effectiveness of topically applied non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents on guinea-pig skin. PMID- 7307332 TI - Dermatology in Korea. PMID- 7307331 TI - Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and perianal carcinoma: a case report. PMID- 7307333 TI - The role of clinical trials in dermatology. PMID- 7307334 TI - Drugs which influence the stratum corneum and techniques for their evaluation. PMID- 7307335 TI - Bilateral pigmented Bowen's disease of the web-spaces of the feet. PMID- 7307336 TI - Carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 7307337 TI - Comparison of the inhibition by glucocorticosteroids and cyclosporin A of mitogen stimulated human lymphocyte proliferation. AB - We examined the effects of dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and cyclosporin A (CyA), alone and in combination, on tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation into human blood mononuclear cells stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). Pharmacological concentrations of glucocorticosteroids displaced the PHA and PWM dose-response curves to the right, but the same maximum response was achieved indicating selective inhibition at suboptimal levels of stimulation. In contrast, steroid inhibition of PMA stimulated cells was not mitogen dose-dependent and the maximum response was clearly depressed. In the case of CyA, the stimulation by all three mitogens was inhibited in the latter fashion, but 10-fold higher concentrations were required to inhibit PMA-stimulated cells compared with PHA- and PWM-stimulated cells. These results suggest that a steroid-sensitive mechanism or lymphocyte sub population may be selectively activated by PMA and by low doses of PHA and PWM, while the different inhibition profile observed for CyA might be taken to indicate that this drug affects a separate subpopulation and that PMA activation occurs later than the CyA-sensitive stage. Predominantly synergistic effects were obtained when the drugs were used together, thus providing an experimental basis for combination therapy in the treatment of reactions involving multiple lymphocyte activation mechanisms. PMID- 7307338 TI - In vitro augmentation of human natural cytotoxic activity. AB - Stimulation of human blood lymphocyte preparations with mitomycin C-treated lymphoid cell lines produced increased levels of cytotoxicity against both NK susceptible and NK-resistant target cell lines. The greatest effect was seen following stimulation by the B lymphocyte-derived lines, Bri8 and raji. K562 also stimulated high levels of activity while the T lymphocyte-derived lines, CCRF/CEM and MOLT 4, produced smaller increases activity was also found in PHA- and MLC stimulated populations. Stimulation by lymphoid cell lines gave increased cytotoxic activity against all five cell lines when used as target cells and the pattern of target cell susceptibility was maintained, with K562, CCRF/CEM and MOLT 4 being more susceptible than Bri8 and Raji. No direct correlation was found between the level of cytotoxic activity and the level of 3H-thymidine uptake in stimulated effector cell populations. The B cell lines stimulated high levels of isotopic uptake, while the T cell lines gave no significant stimulation. Similarly, the level of 3H-thymidine incorporation following PHA and MLC stimulation showed no direct correlation with the level of cytotoxic activity. Stimulation of lymphocyte transformation did not appear to be necessary for the induction of cytotoxic activity, although the largest increases in cytotoxicity occurred in populations showing high isotope incorporation. No correlation was found between the target cell susceptibility of the different cell lines and their ability to stimulate cytotoxicity. PMID- 7307340 TI - Demonstration of 11S IgA antibody to spermatozoa in human seminal fluid. AB - Spontaneous sperm agglutination was observed in the ejaculate of a 39-year-old male (patient Z). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with spermatozoa fixed to wells of a microtitre plate it was determined that IgA was associated with patient Z's spermatozoa but not with a pooled sample of spermatozoa from fertile men Z's seminal fluid agglutinated human spermatozoa (titre 1:16). In contrast, no sperm-agglutinating or immobilizing activity was present in the patient's serum. Agglutination was prevented by preincubation of the seminal fluid with anti-IgA antibody but not with anti-IgA antibody. IgG from Z's seminal fluid readily bound to human spermatozoa, as determined by the ELISA assay. IgA from a pool of seminal fluids from fertile men or from 18 human sera bound to spermatozoa to a much lesser extent. By sucrose-gradient velocity centrifugation it was demonstrated that the anti-sperm IgA in patient Z's seminal fluid was 11S. Finally, antibody to secretory component removed the anti-sperm IgA from Z's seminal fluid. These data provide evidence that secretory IgA with anti-sperm activity is produced in the male genital tract. Furthermore, a new methodology is presented for the determination of antibodies to spermatozoa. PMID- 7307339 TI - Studies on human spermatozoa autoantigens. I. Fractionation of sperm membrane antigens: evidence of three antigenic systems. AB - In order to identify human spermatozoal surface autoantigens, suspensions of previously frozen washed sperm were ground and ultracentrifuged (170,000 g for 60 min). The antigenicity of the fast supernatant (FS) and the fast pellet (FP) were defined by specific inhibition of spermotoxic and various sperm-agglutinating activities of autoimmune human sera (WHO Reference Bank). The FS and the urea soluble extract of FP were fractionated on Sephadex G-200 columns, and the antigenicity of these fractions was similarly defined. Both FS and FP inhibited, to variable extents, the anti-sperm activities. Inhibition of head-to-head (H-H) agglutination by FS was twice as strong as by FP. The reverse was observed with tail-to-tail (T-T) agglutination. Ten times more FS than FP was necessary to inhibit the spermotoxicity of all tested sera. Four fractions were collected after FS filtration on Sephadex G-200. F1, a homogeneous protein, inhibited spermotoxicity and H-H agglutination F2 inhibited all activities (including T-T agglutination). F3, a low molecular weight fraction, selectively inhibited H-H agglutination. F4 was inactive. Treatment by 8 M urea allowed a partial solubilization of FP antigenicity. Urea-soluble fractions inhibited spermotoxicity and H-H but not T-T agglutination. The antigen(s) involved in T-T agglutination is (are) destroyed by urea since the urea-treated FP was no longer able significantly to decrease T-T agglutination. These results suggest that at least three different autoantigens are responsible for H-H sperm agglutination, T T sperm agglutination and spermotoxicity respectively. PMID- 7307342 TI - Studies on NEM-treated erythrocyte clearance in the rabbit, with special reference to the effects of circulating immune complexes. AB - The splenic component of mononuclear phagocytic cell function was investigated in rabbits using as a marker the clearance of N-ethylmaleimide-treated, technetium labelled autologous erythrocytes. In 66 clearances performed in 23 normal rabbits, the clearance T1/2 was found to be between 5 and 16 min, the value for each rabbit remaining relatively constant. Clearance was proportional to incubation time or the dose of N-ethylmaleimide used. Clearance was delayed following injection of 20 to 65 mg of preformed complexes of BSA-anti-BSA made in 10-fold antigen excess. The degree and duration of this blockade was related to the dose of the complexes up to a critical value of 20 mg (antibody content after which no further decrease in clearance occurred although the duration of the blockade was longer at higher doses. Ultracentrifugation studies showed that these complexes were about 14S in size and sequential studies revealed that they were slowly cleared from the circulation. The experiments indicate that studies of splenic function may be of value in assessing immune complex disease, since circulating immune complexes of these characteristics are poorly detected by current methodology. PMID- 7307341 TI - Ability of complement to release systemic lupus erythematosus immune complexes from cell receptors. AB - Endogenous immune complexes present in sera from 10 different patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an active phase were allowed to bind to Raji cells; the ability of intact complement to release the cell-bound complexes from receptors was then examined. Fresh normal human serum, or, alternatively, zymosan-pretreated serum, was added to the complex-bearing Raji cells. Immune complexes remaining bound to Raji cell receptors after increasing times at 37 degrees C were quantitated by addition of 125I-labelled antiglobulin, after removal of serum by washing. In all 10 cases, complement-dependent release was observed. In parallel control studies performed under identical conditions, immune complexes prepared in vitro from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and guinea-pig anti-BSA antibody were used in place of the endogenous SLE complexes. The experimental complexes were released by fresh serum, but not by zymosan-treated serum, but not by zymosan-treated serum, when studied using either 125I-labelled anti-guinea-pig Ig or 125I-labelled complexes alone. The results suggest that intact complement can alter the immune complexes present in SLE sera and influence their interaction with receptors on lymphoid cells. The results further raise the possibility that hypocomplementaemia secondarily due to consumption of complement by immune complexes may contribute to the persistence of the complexes. PMID- 7307343 TI - Immunodeficiency associated with a deletion in the short arm of the X-chromosome. AB - The immunocapacity of a 28-year-old mentally retarded proband and her clinically normal mother and sister, all having a deletion of the short arm of one of the X chromosomes [46, X, del (X) (pter to 22: :p11 to qter)], was evaluated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgA (0 . 4 g/l), IgG (4 . 4 g/l) and IgM (0 . 2 g/l) were low in the proband. The serum IgA (0 . 9 g/l) concentration of her mother was also at the lower normal limit. The serum concentration of complement component C4 was low both in the proband (0 . 17g/l) and in her mother (0 . 18 g/l). Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by granulocytes were normal in all of them. However, the chemotactic response of granulocytes was at the lower normal level in the patient. The in vitro responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the polyclonal T-clonal mitogens, PHA and Con A, were about half normal in the patient and were also decreased in her mother. The response was also decreased against PWM, to about one-sixth of the normal value in the patient and to one half in her mother. The Con A response was decreased in the sister, while her PHA and PWM responses were normal. In contrast to these findings, the responses against the antigen-specific stimulators, PPD and oidiomycin, were normal in all subjects. Natural killer cell activity against the K-562 cell line was decreased in the patient but normal in her mother and sister. The number of B cells was at the normal limit in all subjects. The amount of E rosette-forming T lymphocytes was normal but the amount of ANAE-positive cells was decreased, especially in the proband (31%). Our results describe a new human immunodeficiency state, probably associated with X-chromosome deletion. We suggest that the short arm of the X chromosome exerts its effect on regulatory T cells. Whether the humoral defect is connected with suppressor T cells remains to be established. PMID- 7307344 TI - The immunological measurements of 'free' secretory piece and its relationship to local IgA production. AB - Free secretory piece (FSP) was studied in the sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis. The concentrations were higher both in the presence of infection and when greater quantities of total secretory piece were present compared to the amount of 11S IgA. A significant inverse correlation was found between the amount of FSP and 11S IgA in the individual samples when standardized for their total secretory piece content (2P less than 0 . 01). This suggests that the amount of FSP in any sample is partly dependent upon the amount of 11S IgA. The techniques employed offer a method for the study of the secretory IgA system in biological fluids. The preliminary results suggest that the secretory IgA system is independent of the systemic IgA system. PMID- 7307345 TI - Histological and immunological investigation of liver-specific protein (LSP) immunized rabbits compared with patients with liver disease. AB - In this study 45 patients with a variety of liver diseases did not demonstrate T lymphocyte sensitivity to liver-specific protein (LSP) as assessed by lymphocyte transformation whereas LSP-immunized rabbits developed both cellular and humoral immunity to this antigen. Although these LSP-immunized rabbits demonstrated portal tract inflammation with some hepatocyte necrosis, rabbits immunized with antigens known to contaminate LSP developed similar lesions. These findings contrast with those of other investigators who have reported immune responsiveness to LSP in liver patients and chronic active hepatitis in LSP immunized rabbits. In determining the significance of these studies it must be emphasized that all preparations of LSP contain an heterogeneous group of antigens and that the specific sensitizing antigen has yet to be identified. PMID- 7307346 TI - Multiple serum inhibitors of lectin-induced lymphocyte proliferation in nephrotic syndrome. AB - Inhibitory activity on PHA- and Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation was observed in the serum of 29 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS); this inhibitory activity was present both in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS; 18 patients) and in NS due to other glomerulopathies (11 patients). In order to characterize the inhibitory activity, peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors were stimulated with various concentrations of Con A in culture medium supplemented with: (1) 20% SSNS serum, (2) various concentrations (1, 5 and 20%) of either SSNS serum or normal human serum (NHS) and (3) 20% of a serum prepared by mixing different proportions of SSNS and NHS. The results suggest that the inhibitory activity is due to at least two different factors: (a) inhibitor(s) acting competitively with the lectin Con A, and (b) inhibitor(s) neutralized by factor(s) present in NHS. A disturbance in the normal equilibrium between inhibiting and enhancing factors which results in overall inhibition might well be a consequence of the marked alteration in serum proteins characteristic of NS. PMID- 7307347 TI - Generation of a soluble immune response suppressor factor (IRSF) by unstimulated leukocytes of healthy subjects. AB - Supernatants derived from unstimulated cultures of mononuclear leucocytes obtained from healthy subjects contained a factor(s) which consistently suppressed lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigens and mitogens. This factor(s) is produced by a non-adherent cell and was generated in vitro after 4 hr of culture. Cells from almost all healthy subjects produced this substance(s). Cell number and viability were not affected by it. Kinetic studies suggested that interference with antigen presentation was not the mechanism of its action. The release of this immune response suppressor factor(s) (IRSF) was not blocked by indomethacin and its biological activity was unrelated to levels of prostaglandin E2. Experiments with low-specific-activity thymidine showed that suppression was not due to release of unlabelled nucleotide. Preliminary characterization of IRSF revealed that it is heat-stable and partially dialysable through membranes with an exclusion size of 12,000 daltons. IRSF differs from previously reported soluble suppressor substances and may play a role in immunoregulation in health. PMID- 7307348 TI - Characterization of human amyloid-related protein SAA as a polymorphic protein: association with albumin and prealbumin in serum. AB - Human amyloid-related protein SAA has been prepared and purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography techniques. It was shown that SAA, even after extensive purification, is an electrophoretically heterogeneous protein. In addition, prealbumin and fragments of albumin were detected in the SAA preparation. Most of the SAA molecules and the fragments of albumin were present in a free form, but some SAA was also found to be complexed with albumin fragments. PMID- 7307351 TI - Residual catecholamines in extrinsically denervated guinea-pig ileum. AB - 1. Concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine were measured in the submucosa and myenteric plexus of innervated and extrinsically denervated guinea pig ileum using a sensitive radioisotope enzymatic assay for catecholamines. 2. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that the microsomal fraction obtained from both layers of the normal ileum was greatly enriched with noradrenaline compared to the total homogenate. Low levels of adrenaline and dopamine were also detected in both layers of the ileum. 3. After extrinsic denervation or pretreatment with reserpine, noradrenaline was reduced to less than 3% and could no longer be visualized histochemically. Small proportions of the adrenaline and dopamine also disappeared after extrinsic denervation. 4. The residual amounts of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine present after extrinsic denervation were not sensitive to reserpine and were not concentrated in microsomal fractions suggesting that these amines are not stored as neurotransmitters in intrinsic neurons of the intestine. PMID- 7307350 TI - Piretanide and urinary excretion of ions in rat. Effect of indomethacin. AB - 1. Piretanide is a new loop diuretic resembling furosemide. The effects of this diuretic on various parameters of renal function and on the excretion of the major ions were studied on anaesthetized, hydrated rats. 2. Piretanide induced a marked diuresis and increased sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium excretion. Calcium excretion increased more than that of sodium. Urinary osmolality and water reabsorption decreased. 3. Inulin clearance and phosphate excretion were significantly altered by piretanide. 4. Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin did not suppress the effects of piretanide on diuresis nor its effects on urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and potassium, since these parameters increased in the same proportion in the presence or in the absence of indomethacin. 5. Pretreatment with indomethacin abolished piretanide-induced dissociation of sodium and calcium excretions. PMID- 7307352 TI - Effects of changing haematocrit, ventricular rate and myocardial inotropy on the accuracy of impedance cardiography. AB - 1. The accuracy and limitations of the non-invasive impedance cardiograph technique were examined in dogs with electromagnetic flow-transducers mounted on the aortic root over a wide range of physiological conditions of anaemia, heart rate, stroke volume and myocardial inotropy. 2. The in vivo blood resistivity (rho-haematocrit relationship is linear and slightly inverse, and is thus opposite to the curvilinear, direct relationship of the bench-derived rho haematocrit relationship. At haematocrit 41%, in vivo rho is 135 ohm.cm (s.e.m. = 1.0, n = 134) and rises only to 143 ohm.cm (s.e.m. = 1.6, n = 134) as haematocrit falls to 26%. 3. When in vivo rho is used in the Kubicek formula for stroke volume (SV) calculation, the instrument is linear and accurate for heart rates over 38-156 min-1. Thus 82% of all points fall within +/- 20% of the line of equal value over stroke volumes ranging from 8-46 ml (N = 3, n = 105). The standard error of the estimate for pooled data is +/- 2% of the mean impedance stroke volume value of 22.2 ml. The instrument tends to overread at heart rates lower than 60 min-1. PMID- 7307349 TI - The ketotic ratio (KB/NEFA) in man. AB - 1. The 'ketotic ratio', which is defined as the plasma ketone-body concentration divided by the plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration, is potentially useful in predicting the magnitude of the ketone response to a given increment in plasma fatty acid concentration. 2. Two parameters of the ketotic ratio were studied. First, a comparison of the basal plasma ketotic ratio with the ketotic ratio following an acute heparin-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid concentration was made. Second, the effect upon the ketotic ratio of noradrenaline which has been reported to increase the plasma ketone-body concentration independent of the change in plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration, was determined. 3. The results suggest that the basal ketotic ratio has predictive value in estimating the rise in plasma ketone-body concentration following an acute increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration. When noradrenaline was given to increase plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration, this predictive value was still valid, although a steeper regression line was obtained. Thus, the ketotic ratio is a non-invasive in vivo technique which provides insight into the direct ketotic activity of hormones independent of their lipolytic effects. PMID- 7307353 TI - Symptomatic exacerbation of peripheral vascular disease with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Details of five patients with exacerbation of the symptoms of peripheral vascular disease on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are presented. The mechanisms of their vascular complications are discussed and the peripheral arterial sequelae of hypotension induced by CAPD are emphasized. These patients are compared with the other patients in the series of 121 patients. Suggestions for diagnosis and treatment of exacerbations of peripheral vascular disease in patients on CAPD are given. PMID- 7307354 TI - Acute renal failure and Coxsackie viral infection. PMID- 7307356 TI - Lowering of the dosage of intravenous heparin hemodialysis by priming with subcutaneous heparin. PMID- 7307355 TI - Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, plasmapheresis and forced diuresis for the treatment of quinine overdose. AB - Peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, plasma exchange and forced diuresis have been reported to accelerate removal of quinine following quinine poisoning. All these modalities were used simultaneously to treat a 19 year old youth who had become blind as a result of an overdose of quinine tablets. The serum quinine level was measured at 10.5 microgram/ml 13 hours after quinine ingestion. Forced diuresis accounted for the removal of 557 mg of quinine in the first 5 hours and a total of 1625 mg over 75 hours., A 6 hour hemodialysis recovered 30 mg of quinine while peritoneal dialysis removed an average of 1.6 mg/hr over the first 48 hours. Plasmapheresis over 3 hours exchanged 2 liters of plasma containing a total of 8.5 mg of quinine. Some vision returned 19 hours after quinine ingestion but did not become normal until 5 1/2 months later. We conclude that, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and plasma exchange made only a minor contribution to quinine elimination by comparison with renal excretion of quinine. PMID- 7307357 TI - Clinics in haematology. PMID- 7307358 TI - Severe mitral regurgitation: a common occurrence in the aging patient with secundum atrial septal defect. AB - Severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) which necessitated mitral valve replacement was identified in 19 (3.9%) of 498 consecutive patients (age range 1 83 years) with secundum atrial septal defects (ASD). The incidence of severe MR was significantly higher in patients older than age 50 years, 15 of 98 (15%), than in patients either below 21 years, 1 of 213 (0.4%), or between ages 21 to 49 years, 3 of 187 (2%). The higher frequency and severity of MR in the older ASD patient has not previously been appreciated. The morphology of severe MR in the older ASD patient consists of fibrous thickening and deformity of the mitral leaflets with shortening and thickening of the chordae tendineae. Because of the rarity of severe MR in the young patient with ASD, the mitral valve pathology is still poorly defined. PMID- 7307360 TI - Neuroleptanalgesia in acute myocardial infarction: effects of hemodynamic parameters and plasma catecholamines. AB - The use of neuroleptanalgesia in acute myocardial infarction offers the possibility of reducing pain and emotional stress. The influence of such treatment on hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, peripheral resistance, systemic blood pressure, and pulmonary pressure) and on the plasma level of adrenaline and noradrenaline has been studied in 6 patients with acute myocardial infarction. This results demonstrate that during neuroleptanalgesia the already elevated levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline further increase. This increase was most pronounced in the patients with the highest initial levels of catecholamines. Since the peripheral resistance and systolic and diastolic blood pressures decrease concomitantly, it is concluded that the increase in levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline further increase. This increase was most pronounced in the plasma catecholamines is due to a reaction of the sympathetic nervous system to the alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking activity of droperidol causing vasodilation. The data indicate that pain, emotional stress, and anxiety in the acute phase of myocardial infarction do not play the expected essential role for the activation of the sympathetic nervous system generally observed in acute myocardial infarction. Additionally, the data demonstrate that drugs producing a vasodilation can have a deteriorating effect on the hemodynamic situation and that a reduction of the afterload by vasodilating drugs can result in a further increase in the release of catecholamines. PMID- 7307359 TI - Serumlipoprotein cholesterol in sedentary and trained male patients with coronary heart disease. AB - To demonstrate the influence of exercise training on the lipoprotein cholesterol fractions (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 65 male patients were examined for cardiovascular function and lipid metabolism, before starting or after having participated in a coronary training group for more than one year. There were notable improvements not only in the physical performance data of the trained patients in reference to the tested maximal performance capacity per body weight (MPC/W) as well as the calculated heart volume performance ratio (HVPR) (MPC/W, + 26.0%; HVPR, -18.0%), but also in the lipoprotein cholesterol values and the calculated risk quotient of HDL and total cholesterol (HDL cholesterol, +5.1 mg/dl; LDL cholesterol, -23.3 mg/dl; VLDL cholesterol, -12.5 mg/dl; HDL/total cholesterol, +0.038). The results indicate the positive effect of physical training on lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and also in CHD patients in coronary training groups. PMID- 7307363 TI - Face and brow presentation: a review. PMID- 7307364 TI - DES-related vaginal lesions. AB - The teratogenic effects of DES predispose the exposed female to an increased frequency of vaginal adenocarcinoma and possibly to an increase in vaginal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia. Medical efforts are directed toward detection of these neoplasma by physical examination and by cytologic and biopsy techniques. Treatment is indicated in the patient with adenosis alone only when it becomes symptomatic, with excessive vaginal discharge. Intraepithelial lesions require therapy by local tissue destruction. The laser offers the most promise as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of either symptomatic adenosis of intraepithelial lesions as it causes only minimal scarring. PMID- 7307365 TI - Tampon effects on vaginal health. AB - Despite the occurrence of vaginal ulcers, mucosal alterations, and toxic shock syndrome, large numbers of women continue to find vaginal tampons an acceptable and convenient method of menstrual protection. Government agencies and consumer groups are aware of the potential problems associated with tampon use and are actively concerned with surveillance and public education. Tampon manufactures have joined in this effort and continue to seek methods of improving their product and decreasing the risks associated with the use and abuse of vaginal tampons. PMID- 7307361 TI - Bilateral infective endocarditis. AB - Two patients presenting with simultaneous right- and left-sided infective endocarditis requiring surgical intervention are reported. One patient developed aortic and pulmonic valve endocarditis following dental extraction, while the second patient developed mitral and tricuspid valve endocarditis secondary to a large body burn. The bilateral semilunar valve endocarditis was treated by porcine aortic valve replacement and debridement of the pulmonic valve. The bilateral atrioventricular valve endocarditis was treated by mitral and tricuspid valve replacement with porcine valves. The frequency and clinical settings in which this condition is likely to present are discussed. PMID- 7307362 TI - Severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia secondary to quinidine. AB - A case of severe thrombocytopenia and leukopenia secondary to quinidine is presented. The white cell count and platelet count returned to normal within five days after initiation of corticosteroid therapy and cessation of quinidine. Of interest is the fact that the patient had developed a purpuric rash twelve months earlier after drinking gin and tonic. PMID- 7307366 TI - Adult vaginitis. PMID- 7307367 TI - Carcinoma in situ of the vagina. PMID- 7307368 TI - Invasive cancer of the vagina. PMID- 7307369 TI - Selection of analgesia and anesthesia. PMID- 7307370 TI - Maternal physiology. PMID- 7307371 TI - Placental transfer. PMID- 7307372 TI - Prepared childbirth. PMID- 7307373 TI - Narcotic analgesia. PMID- 7307374 TI - Inhalation analgesia and general anesthesia. PMID- 7307376 TI - Anesthetic management of the high-risk pregnancy: consequences for the newborn. PMID- 7307375 TI - Newborn resuscitation. PMID- 7307377 TI - Electrically induced osteogenesis: relationship between charge, current density, and the amount of bone formed: introduction of a new cathode concept. AB - A study was performed exploring the relationship between charge, current density, and the amount of new bone formed in the medullary canal of the intact rabbit tibia. The results indicate that the amount of bone formed in the vicinity of a cathode is directly related to both current density and charge. Utilizing stainless steel cathodes delivering a constant current of 20 muamps, the optimum current density was found to be 1.06 X 10(3) muamps/mm2 and the optimum charge, 36.29 coulombs. The amount of bone formed with pulsed current approached that formed with constant current only as the total charge delivered by the pulsed current approached that delivered by the constant current. Based on these findings, a new cathode is designed with eight active ports evenly distributed along its length and providing two and one-half times the amount of bone formed by a conventional cathode. This cathode is now in the early stages of clinical evaluation in patients with acquired nonunion. PMID- 7307378 TI - Electrical properties of compact bone. AB - Dielectric properties of compact bone tissue have been measured in the wet, i.e., fluid-saturated, state. Comparison of these with other measurements at high relative humidity (RH) shows that the dc conductivity of wet bone is about 100 times larger than that of the high RH sample. Thus, the extrapolation of the high RH results to in vivo situations is not valid. In addition, the results of electrical measurements on dry bone samples cannot be extrapolated to the in vivo state because of the dominance of the fluid-filled pores. The difference in the results for longitudinal, tangential, and radial samples, both in dc resistivity and relaxation time, reflects the difference in connectivity of the pores on bone in these three orientations. Quantitative estimates of the cross-sectional area of connected pores are obtained from measurements on photomicrographs and correlated with dc conductivity of the samples. Further evidence for the dominance of the fluid-filled pores in determining the properties of the tissue comes from the results for bone conductivity g measured as a function of saline conductivity g0. The ratio g/g0 is approximately constant with respect to changes in g0 over a range corresponding to the conductivities of various body fluids. The influence of the dielectric properties in all but destroying the piezoelectrically generated voltage in going from the dry to the wet state is discussed. It is suggested that some mechanism other than the piezoelectric effect (e.g., streaming potentials) must be considered to account for the magnitude and decay time of the electromechanical voltage measured in wet bone. Our studies suggest that fluid transport plays a significant role not only in various aspects of bone metabolism such as mineralization, but also in the electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties of bone. PMID- 7307379 TI - Revision of Mueller total hip arthroplasties. AB - Experience with 65 revisions of Mueller total hip arthroplasties and a minimum of two years follow-up on 32 revised total hips showed that the results appear to be poor in a significant number (22%) of patients: 18% required additional surgery. Revision of total hip arthroplasties with recementing of one or both components carries a significant risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Since the introduction of femoral components with improved metallurgic properties, no stem failures have occurred. Varus position of the femoral stem predisposes for stem loosening. Aspiration arthrography is of limited value in the evaluation of a painful total hip. In cases of femoral component loosening with gross cystic changes on the roentgenograms, early revision is recommended as fracture of the femoral shaft may ensue. Late loosening of the acetabular cup as yet appears to be an uncommon cause of total hip arthroplasty failure. Attention to the details of surgical technique and more research on material selection in primary total hip replacement are important. PMID- 7307382 TI - Bilateral traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip: case report. AB - This is a case report of a traumatic bilateral anterior dislocation of the hip in a 27-year-old man. No other cases of bilateral traumatic anterior dislocation seem to have been previously reported in the literature. PMID- 7307381 TI - The role of computerized tomography scan in preoperative evaluation of the adult dislocated hip. AB - The case of a 42-year-old woman with coxarthroses secondary to old congenital dislocation of the hip illustrates that the value of computerized tomography scan in the preoperative evaluation of replacement of the dislocated hip is mainly in the tridimensional measurements of the acetabular and femoral bone stock. PMID- 7307383 TI - Profunda femoris arterial laceration secondary to intertrochanteric hip fracture fragments: a case report. AB - A 54-year-old man incurred a major arterial injury from intertrochanteric fracture fragments. Brisk bleeding from such an injury may not be controllable through the incision used for internal fixation of the hip fracture. A separate standard vertical groin incision allows exploration, control of bleeding, and repair of either superficial or deep femoral arterial systems. PMID- 7307380 TI - Total hip arthroplasty for avascular necrosis of the femur in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and avascular necrosis of the femoral head were treated by total hip arthroplasty (THA). The primary indication for surgery was persistent hip pain despite conservative therapy. Postoperatively, pain was relieved with corresponding improvement in range of motion in all six patients. There were no serious complications. At follow-up ranging from 23 to 76 months after surgery there was no recurrence of hip pain. These results suggest that THA is indicated in selected SLE patients. PMID- 7307384 TI - Solitary benign neurilemmoma of the sciatic nerve: a case report. PMID- 7307386 TI - Avulsion of the triceps tendon. AB - Avulsion of the triceps tendon should be suspected in patients who have pain about the elbow following a deceleration stress to the upper extremity. In three cases, the avulsion occurred both with or without a concomitant blow to the posterior aspect of the arm. Examination revealed pain, swelling, and a palpable depression just proximal to the olecranon. Roentgenograms showed avulsed osseous material. In the evaluation and management of triceps avulsion, it was important to differentiate between complete and partial tears. Careful examination of active range of motion of the elbow was the most important factor in making this determination. An avulsion was considered partial only if normal elbow motion and extension against resistance were found on follow-up examination a few days postinjury. Nonoperative management was successful in one case of partial tear (Case 2). Surgical therapy was advisable for complete avulsions. Surgical repair was successful using heavy nonabsorbable suture through olecranon drill holes. Injuries of tendon avulsion and rupture are likely to become more common as the number of patients with chronic renal failure, on dialysis, increases. Tendo osseous weakness and related musculoskeletal disorders in renal osteodystrophy patients are unsolved problems. PMID- 7307385 TI - Computed tomography in degenerative spinal stenosis. AB - To assess the value of computed tomography in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, postoperative computed tomography was compared to preoperative studies and other radiographic modalities in 20 patients, ten with an excellent surgical result and ten with a poor result. A close correlation was found between moderate to severe residual stenosis on postoperative CT and surgical failure. The most common cause of failure was inadequate unroofing of the lateral gutters. Computed tomography with multiplanar reconstructions detected stenosis not only in the central canal and lateral recesses, but in the neuroforaminal as well. Central canal stenosis corresponded to a marked deformity of complete block on myelography. Lateral recess stenosis was shown more often by computed tomography than by blunting of the nerve root sheaths on the myelograms. Neuroforaminal encroachment seen on computed tomography sagittal reconstructions was not demonstrable by myelography. Degenerative spondylolisthesis, a special stenotic condition, produced a characteristic "double margin" sign on computed tomography and the critical stenosis of the lateral recesses was demonstrated. This study suggests that the superior definition of the sites of degenerative spinal stenosis provided by computed tomography should lead to higher surgical success rates. PMID- 7307389 TI - Isolated fracture of the humeral capitellum. AB - Twenty-nine patients with fractures of the capitellum of the humerus were treated at the New York Orthopaedic Hospital during 15-year period; 17 were available for follow-up assessment. A classification based upon the specific nature of the fracture and the degree of trochlear involvement is a suggested guide to treatment and prognosis. Long-term follow-up studies compare resection, replacement with fixation, and closed reduction. Choice of treatment should be selective and individualized depending on age, character of the bone, and type of fracture. PMID- 7307387 TI - Compartment syndrome of the forearm and hand: a case report. AB - A severe compartment syndrome, involving all muscles of the forearm and hand, developed in a 25-year-old man following an erroneous injection of hypertonic saline for intravenous regional anesthesia. The treatment was complete fasciotomy of the forearm and hand musculature. The release of the hand musculature consisted of a longitudinal incision over the thenar and hypothenar muscles and a wide incision to expose the dorsal interossei. Release of the volar intrinsics included palmar fasciectomy. In this case, there was a marked toxic response to the injury in the form of disorientation, fever, leucocytosis, and urinary elevation of muscle degradation products. PMID- 7307390 TI - Recurrent dislocation of the elbow accompanied by ulnar neuropathy: a case report and review of the literature. AB - Recurrent dislocation of the elbow with paradoxical dislocation of the ulnar nerve complicated by neuropathy may occur from avulsion of the lateral epicondyle and laxity of the collateral ligaments. In a 22-year-old man, the injury was successfully treated by plication of the collateral ligaments. The nerve dislocation was treated by anterior transposition. The result was satisfactory except for persistent atrophy of the ulnar innervated muscles. PMID- 7307388 TI - Compartment syndromes of the forearm: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Twenty-six patients with suspected forearm compartment syndromes were evaluated clinically and by intracompartmental pressure determinations. The most reliable physical findings indicating a forearm compartment syndrome were marked pain on passive digital extension and reduced hand sensibility or paresthesias. Pressure determinations were most helpful in evaluating comatose patients and patients with equivocal physical findings. A curvilinear volar incision and, when indicated, a straight dorsal incision provided adequate decompression in the ten operatively treated patients. Postfasciotomy pressure determinations were helpful in assessing the adequacy of volar and dorsal decompression. PMID- 7307391 TI - 1981 Nicolas Andry Award. The relationship of mechanical trauma and the early biochemical reactions of osteoarthritic cartilage. AB - Using a computerized pendulum device for delivery of a moderate, reproducible impact on the surface of canine femoral cartilage, the lipids of the cartilage were analyzed by gas chromatography, and a four-fold increase in arachidonic acid was found in the phospholipid pool, as compared with controls. This is the first evidence presented thus far which clarifies the link between mechanical injury and the early biochemical changes of the osteoarthritic process. Electron microscopy of impacted cartilage cells showed an increase in lipids and microtubules and cytoplasmic derangement. There was a brief rise in hexosamine content soon after impaction, followed by a trend toward loss. PMID- 7307392 TI - Articular cartilage repair in the avian quail-chick chimera model. AB - The natural history of the cells which participate in the repair of defects in articular cartilage was studied in the chick-quail chimeric system. This system involves interspecific grafting of quail limb rudiments onto the vascularized chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) where the grafts revascularized and grow. Differences in cell morphology make it possible to clearly differentiate cells which subsequently arise from the grafted elements, from those which subsequently originate in the host (chick) tissues and migrate into the grafts. Herein, lesions were produced in quail femurs just prior to the time they were grafted to the chick CAM. The lesions were of two types: those restricted to the proliferative and hypertrophic zones of the cartilaginous epiphyses, and those which penetrated through the cartilage into the subchrondral marrow space. Epiphyses cut transversely at the level of the proliferative and hypertrophic cells failed to resurface with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. Cavities produced in these areas also failed to repair. However, lesions which penetrated through the epiphyses into the medullary spaces filled with calcified bone trabeculae, and all the osteoblasts and osteocytes in the repair bone had nuclei of the graft (quail) type. The observations suggested that the cells resident in articular cartilage have little ability to effect healing, and that the new bone was derived from osteoprogenitor cells in the quail marrow stroma which moved with capillaries into the lesions. Indirect evidence is presented to support the concept that chondrocytes surviving ossification of the epiphyses can also contribute to the osteoprogenitor cell pool. A fibrocartilage metaplasia was not observed at the joint surface in this system, presumably due to the absence of biomechanical influences. PMID- 7307393 TI - Hip fracture in children. PMID- 7307394 TI - Two critical responses: Treatment of subacute sepsis of the hip by antibiotics and joint replacement. PMID- 7307395 TI - [Paralysis of voluntary breathing in a case with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7307396 TI - [Constructional agraphia in left parietal glioma -- a case report]. PMID- 7307397 TI - [A case of Cogan's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307398 TI - [A quantitative study on the intermediolateral cells of the thoracic cord in degenerative diseases of the nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307399 TI - [Apraxia-rigidity syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307400 TI - [Evaluation of plasma exchange in management of myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307401 TI - [High cervical injury produced by a chopstick passing through the mouth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307404 TI - [Alexia without agraphia or hemianopsia in a case of CO intoxication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307403 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid IgG, IgA and IgM in healthy controls and in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307406 TI - Visualization of hypertrophied papillary muscle mimicking left ventricular mass on gated blood pool and T1-201 myocardial perfusion imaging. AB - A sixty-year old man with acute myocardial infarction was incidentally found to have a hypertrophied anterolateral papillary muscle (ALPPM) of the left ventricle on gated blood pool (GBP) and T1-201 myocardial perfusion images. Hypertrophy of the ALPPM was visualized as a movable defect in the lateral basal area on GBP imaging throughout the cardiac cycle and on the TI-201 study as a radionuclide accumulating structure, consistent with the defect in the GBP. A combination of these findings may suggest the presence of a hypertrophied papillary muscle of the left ventricle. PMID- 7307402 TI - [Free amino acid changes in rat brain after intracysternal injection of antimetabolites -- comparison to those in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307405 TI - A benign cause for extra-cardiac thallium accumulation. PMID- 7307407 TI - Visualization of residual splenic tissue: a high intensity technique. PMID- 7307408 TI - Detection of bleeding in the ileum by radionuclide imaging. PMID- 7307409 TI - Unexplained disability: diagnostic dilemmas and principles of management. AB - Unexplained disability in childhood challenges the physician diagnostically and therapeutically. Clinical presentation is typically that of a chronically ill and increasingly disabled child, often with positive physical findings and erratic response to usual medical management. The physician experiences great pressure to diagnose, to counsel, and to cure. Family characteristics include an inability to speak in psychological terms, denial of the family's involvement in the child's symptoms, and an emphasis on equivocal biomedical findings. Diagnostic and therapeutic tools specific to these disabilities are defined, with clinical illustrations provided. PMID- 7307410 TI - Pediatric and psychiatric collaboration in the management of childhood asthma. AB - With many asthmatic children for whom emotional factors are significant, joint pediatric and psychiatric management is essential. A three-level model of collaboration is presented, including (1) pediatric care, (2) psychiatric consultation, and (3) inpatient psychosomatic treatment. The organization, professional roles, and treatment protocol of the psychosomatic inpatient service are described. A review of the first 16 asthmatic children who received inpatient care in the program suggests that such a model may present a viable alternative to long-term residential care. PMID- 7307411 TI - Characteristics of prenatal interviews provided by pediatricians. AB - A questionnaire regarding use of pediatric prenatal interviews was mailed to 235 pediatricians. From 197 responses, we identified 118 practicing pediatricians who see a minimum of 25 newborns per year. Eighty-six (73%) of this group of 118 physicians conduct prenatal visits. In the practices of these physicians, an average of 22% of mothers (or couples) have a prenatal visit. Physicians unanimously favored father's presence at the visit. Prenatal visits were more frequently done by urban than by nonurban physicians. Only 15% charge for a prenatal visit, despite spending an average of 20 office minutes as compared to 16 office minutes for a well-baby visit. Pediatricians have positive attitudes about the use of prenatal interviews, regardless of whether or not they conduct them. High consensus regarding the importance of these visits combined with the low prevalence of their actual use suggest the need for more parent and physician education of this aspect of pediatric care. PMID- 7307412 TI - Role of psychosocial stress in the cause of pica. AB - Fifty children with iron deficiency anemia with pica and 50 children with iron deficiency anemia without pica were studied to detail their psychosocial environment. Children in two groups were individually matched for age, sex, socioeconomic class, and degree of anemia. The pica group had significantly greater stress scores (7.6 +/- 2.8) as compared to the control group (4.1 + 2.1; t= 5.05; p less than 0.001). The stress factors that were significantly associated with pica were maternal deprivation (p less than 0.01), child's caretaker other than the mother (p less than 0.001), parental separation (p less than 0.01), parental attitude of neglect, joint family (p less than 0.001), child beating (p less than 0.01), too little mother-child interaction (p less than 0.01), and too little father-child interaction (p less than 0.001). Hence, in the management of pica, a thorough evaluation of the psychosocial setting in which the child lives and an effort to alleviate psychosocial stress are important. PMID- 7307413 TI - Psychogenic chest pain in children. AB - Thirty-six children with psychogenic chest pain were studied. A specific stressful situation causally related to the onset of symptoms could be identified in most patients with psychogenic chest pain. Fifty-five per cent of children with psychogenic chest pain had a history of other recurrent somatic complaints and 30% had a history of significant sleep disturbances. PMID- 7307414 TI - "Bacteriological bit": Citrobacter diversus osteomyelitis in a neonate. PMID- 7307415 TI - Severe psychosomatic illness in children: effect on a pediatric ward's staff. AB - Observations of a pediatric ward's response to the repeated hospitalization of an asthmatic child revealed a close parallel to the transactional patterns described in families of children with psychosomatic illnesses. Characteristics of such families include enmeshment, overprotectiveness, rigidity and resistance to change, lack of conflict resolution, and use of the child's sick role to relieve tension and discomfort within the family. In this article we have attempted to demonstrate the similarity of responses between these families and groups of hospital ward personnel. Resolution of the ward personnel's internal conflict was followed by changes in the coping abilities of the staff, with a successful outcome for a second child with a similar clinical condition. PMID- 7307417 TI - The mallear blush in children. PMID- 7307416 TI - What it means to "spoil" a baby: parents' perception. AB - Discussion concerning spoiling a baby frequently takes place in pediatric-care settings and may occur without a clear understanding of how parents define the word "spoil" when baby care is discussed. This study presents data from 531 parents asked to respond to a questionnaire on spoiling babies. The majority of mothers and fathers believe a baby can be spoiled, but considerable variation exists in perceptions of how this takes place, what a spoiled baby is like, and the present and future effects of spoiling. The younger and less educated parents have more rigid and negative views about the effects of spoiling babies. PMID- 7307420 TI - Symposium on perinatal infections. PMID- 7307419 TI - A livebirth with triploidy syndrome (69,XXX). PMID- 7307418 TI - Chorea associated with the use of oral contraceptives: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 17-year-old black female developed Sydenham's chorea 8 weeks after inaugurating the daily use of an oral contraceptive. Two weeks after she stopped the oral contraceptive, her signs and symptoms of chorea disappeared. Other causes of chorea were eliminated by various lab tests and a 4-year follow-up on the patient. Phenytoin sodium and methadone are cited as two other medications that have been associated with drug-induced chorea. Some theories are presented about altered dopaminergic sensitivity by various drugs that could produce choreic movements. The literature of chorea associated with oral contraceptives is reviewed. The pediatrician is reminded to consider side effects of oral contraceptives when dealing with a sick teenager. PMID- 7307421 TI - Cardiac effects of pergolide. AB - We examined the effect of pergolide, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid, alone or combined with carbidopa and levodopa (Sinemet), on the cardiac rhythm of 12 patients with Parkinson's disease. The patients were selected on the basis of severe Parkinson's disease and stable cardiac rhythm as determined by 1 to 5 days of Holter monitoring. Monitoring was then carried out for an additional period of between 2 and 10 wk while the patients were on pergolide. Seven of the 12 patients had repetitive ventricular rhythms (RVRs). These were isolated, infrequent, and not associated with increases in premature ventricular contractions. The dose at which the RVRs occurred may be a function of the presence or absence of heart disease, but the significance of RVRs remains to be determined. PMID- 7307422 TI - Short-term effects of intravenous clonidine in congestive heart failure. AB - After intravenous bolus injections of clonidine HCl (150 micrograms) to 12 patients with congestive heart failure, peak effects appeared in 5 to 20 min. Clonidine reduced heart rate from 94 +/- 14 to 82 +/- 14 bpm (mean +/- SD, P less than 0.05), left ventricular filling pressure from 31 +/- 5 to 23 +/- 5 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), mean systemic arterial pressure from 98 +/- 13 to 82 +/- 13 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), mean pulmonary artery pressure from 46 +/- 6 to 38 +/- 6 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), and right atrial pressure from 14 +/- 5 to 11 +/- 5 mm Hg (P less than 0.05). Cardiac index increased from 1.6 +/- 0.4 to 1.8 +/- 0.6 l/min/m2 (P less than 0.05) and stroke volume from 32 +/- 10 to 43+/- 12 ml/beat (P less than 0.05). Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 2,342 +/- 800 to 1,795 +/- 345 dynes sec cm-5 (P less than 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance from 365 +/- 158 to 263 +/- 114 dynes sec cm-5 (P less than 0.05). We conclude that clonidine decreases heart rate and left ventricular preload and afterload in congestive heart failure. PMID- 7307423 TI - Plasma clonidine concentration and pharmacologic effect. AB - Analysis of sequential plasma samples in 14 hypertensive subjects receiving their usual oral dose of clonidine (0.1 to 0.6 mg twice daily) indicated that clonidine plasma concentration increased for the first 2 hr and then decreased and stabilized over the next 12 hr. Percent fall in diastolic blood pressure, but not side effects, correlated well with plasma concentration. Our study indicates a potential role for plasma clonidine determination in the treatment of patients with hypertension. It also demonstrates that clonidine can probably be given at 12-hr intervals and be effective. PMID- 7307424 TI - Maturation and renal digoxin clearance. AB - To evaluate the effect of maturation on the renal disposition of digoxin, the ratio of digoxin clearance to creatinine clearance was determined in 35 patients who were 3 days to 79 yr old. All were at steady-state levels for digoxin treatment. A mean ratio of 1.49 +/- 0.67 (SD) was obtained in the group of prepubertal children and infants greater than or equal to 2 mo of age. The mean ratio decreased to 0.82 +/- 0.25 (SD) in the adult group; adults were defined as sexually mature adolescents or older (P less than 0.005). The decrease in net renal tubular secretion of digoxin appears to occur at puberty. This observation can provide one explanation for the apparently larger doses of digoxin required by infants and children than by adults. It may also represent a developmental change in renal tubular physiology with broader significance than for digoxin disposition alone. PMID- 7307425 TI - Plasma propranolol before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - We evaluated changes in propranolol plasma levels before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Two groups of patients were studied, all of whom had been on long-term propranolol and had received their last oral dose 10 to 15 hr before surgery. Approximately 100 min before CPB began group 1 patients (n = 7) received 0.1 mg/kg propranolol intravenously while group II patients (n = 7) received a placebo. Before CPB the plasma propranolol levels fell in accordance with published descriptions for nonsurgical patients receiving oral and intravenous propranolol. Thereafter, the changes in the plasma levels were much the same in both groups. With the onset of CPB, the plasma levels decreased by approximately 50%. There was an insignificant fall in plasma levels during CPB, but the most interesting observation was made after : in each patient, the plasma levels obtained 5, 60, 120, and 240 min after CPB were higher than the last level during CPB. Mean plasma levels did not decline in either group during the 4-hr period. Although the reason for the sustained rise in the propranolol levels after CPB is not known, we suggest that it is due to the redistribution of propranolol from the lungs of the plasma coupled with reduction in hepatic elimination. PMID- 7307426 TI - Determinants of response to intravenous hydralazine in hypertension. AB - There is marked interindividual variation in hypotensive response to intravenous hydralazine (H). We examined the determinants of response in patients with hypertension. After a single intravenous dose of 0.3 mg/kg H, response was correlated independently (r = 0.8364) with both predrug blood pressure and acetylator index (AI). Intravenous dose ranging studies showed that response also depended on the amount of H in the systemic circulation. Although plasma H levels depend on AI after oral doses, this is not so after intravenous administration. AI must therefore affect response to H by an alternative, presumably nonmetabolic mechanism which, not related to AI, perhaps indicating specificity of this effect for H. These data reinforce the potential usefulness of determining AI before giving H to a patient. PMID- 7307427 TI - Food-induced increase in propranolol bioavailability--relationship to protein and effects on metabolites. AB - The influence of a meal on the disposition and metabolism of oral propranolol was examined in six normal subjects. The meal induced a mean 53% increase in propranolol bioavailability (range 2% to 92%; P less than 0.01) without affecting time to maximum concentration, half-life, or the amount of unchanges drug in urine. There was no effect on the plasma concentrations of 4-hydroxypropranolol or four other metabolites. The increased bioavailability was linearly related to the protein content of the meal (r = 0.884, P less than 0.02) above a threshold content of about 7 gm. PMID- 7307428 TI - Morphinelike arousal by methadone during sleep. AB - Methadone was investigated to see if it induced an insomnia comparable to that after single doses of morphine. After one adaptation night, the sleep of seven male nondependent opiate addicts was studied after intramuscular methadone (7.5, 15, or 30 mg/70 kg), morphine (10 or 20 mg/70 kg), and placebo at weekly intervals in a randomized double-blind crossover design. Drug effects were measured on several sleep and wakefulness patterns. Methadone is equipotent to morphine in its increase of wakefulness, drowsiness, muscle tension, shifts in sleep-waking state, and latency to rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and its decrease of sleep efficiency, delta sleep, and REMS. This similarity of methadone to morphine in acute arousal from sleep is in contrast to the differences between these two drugs during long-term administration, when morphine induces a small but persistent arousal and methadone does not. PMID- 7307431 TI - Teaching of diagnostic radiology in the undergraduate curriculum. A report of the education board to the Council of the Royal College of Radiologists. PMID- 7307430 TI - Antipyrine and warfarin disposition in a patient with idiopathic hypoalbuminemia. AB - In a subject with the rare condition of idiopathic hypoalbuminemia, antipyrine and warfarin disposition was investigated to determine whether, in an otherwise healthy subject, low albumin concentrations affect the kinetics of these prototypic drugs. Because antipyrine is negligibly bound to albumin its disposition would be expected to be normal, but because at usual therapeutic doses warfarin is 99% bound to albumin, warfarin elimination would be expected to be accelerated in idiopathic hypoalbuminemia. In our patient antipyrine disposition was normal, whereas warfarin clearance was increased and plasma warfarin half-life reduced. The apparent volume of distribution of warfarin was within normal range. Warfarin binding to the patient's plasma was decreased; the free fraction of warfarin in plasma was correspondingly elevated. Albumin isolated from the patient and purified exhibited kinetic values for warfarin binding. Caution is necessary in extending these results to other drugs and other patients with idiopathic hypoalbuminemia since the validity of such extrapolations depends on the extent to which the drug investigated is normally bound to albumin and also on the magnitude of the particular patient's hypoalbuminemia at the precise time of study. PMID- 7307429 TI - Renal disease, age, and oxazepam kinetics. AB - Effects of renal insufficiency and age on oxazepam kinetics were assessed in 13 normal subjects (21 to 72 yr old), four patients with renal insufficiency, and eight patients on hemodialysis. Normal intact oxazepam results were: mean elimination half-life (t1/2), 10 hr; area under the curve (AUC), 6.0 microgram.hr/ml; unbound oxazepam fraction (fup), 3.2%; maximum concentration of unbound oxazepam (Cmax,u), 16 ng/ml; and intrinsic (unbound drug) clearance (Clint), 2.9 l/hr/kg. Less than 1% of the dose was excreted intact in urine. Age differences had no influence on results. In renal insufficiency patients, t1/2 was prolonged to 25 hr, fup increased to 7%, and Cmax,u and Clint were unchanged. Volume of distribution of unbound oxazepam (Vu) increased, thereby prolonging t1/2. In dialysis patients, t1/2 was prolonged to 33 hr, fup increased to 6.2%, and Cmax,u and Clint again were unchanged. Oxazepam was undialyzable; since unbound oxazepam disposition kinetics are not altered, no dosage adjustment for patients is necessary. PMID- 7307432 TI - Radionuclide assessment of extravascular lung water in minimal pulmonary oedema. AB - Extravascular lung water (EVLW) has been measured by a non-invasive technique using 123I-antipyrine and 113Indiumm-transferrin, as diffusible and non diffusible indicators, and a gamma-camera computer system. Group A patients were normal radiologically and clinically. Group B patients were radiologically normal, clinically normal but were previously in heart failure and are currently on diuretics. Group C patients were radiologically normal, currently on diuretics with signs of pulmonary oedema. EVLW per unit blood flow and per unit blood volume were normal in groups A and B but raised in Group C patients. The peak height to equilibrium ratio of the 123I-antipyrine first pass curve was itself a useful discriminator in minimal pulmonary oedema. PMID- 7307433 TI - Splenic opacification in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - A prospective radiological and haematological study of 182 patients with homozygous sickle cell anaemia has been undertaken to assess the prevalence and pattern of splenic opacification and relate this to the blood indices. Opacification was observed in 31% of patients. In 55% of these, the pattern was punctate, whereas in 32% it was amorphous. A curvilinear appearance was seen in the remainder. In the amorphous group, a high percentage (72%), the spleen was severely contracted. The pattern of opacification and degree of contraction was related to age. The haematological indices indicate a lower haemolytic rate in patients with splenic opacification indicating a milder disease process with a greater persistence of the splenic capillary bed. PMID- 7307434 TI - Therapeutic arterial embolisation of the spleen: a new cause of free intraperitoneal gas. AB - Case histories of two patients are presented in whom splenectomy was required for haematological disorders, but because surgery was contraindicated had therapeutic arterial embolisation of the spleen performed as an initial alternative. A significant improvement in the haematological state was achieved in both cases but one of the patients required drainage of a splenic abscess three months later. In both patients the embolisation caused the early appearances of extravascular gas in the spleen and in one patient a pneumoperitoneum also occurred. The possible aetiological factors involved in this phenomenon are discussed, together with the potential role of splenic embolisation. It is concluded that therapeutic embolisation may be a useful alternative to splenectomy in selected poor-risk patients, but carries a significant risk of inducing a splenic abscess. Intrasplenic or intraperitoneal gas may appear as an apparently benign incidental finding in the early post-embolisation period. PMID- 7307435 TI - Cervical oesophageal webs in patients with dysphagia. AB - A series of 250 patients with dysphagia examined by cine-radiography and conventional single film technique revealed oesophageal webs in 38 and 26 patients respectively. In four patients there were two webs. There were eight males and 30 females which corresponds to an incidence of 8 and 20%, respectively (mean 15%), in patients referred for X-ray examination of the hypopharynx or oesophagus. Concomitant functional abnormalities in the act of swallowing were seen in 25 patients, i.e. pharyngeal constrictor muscle paresis of varying degree, cricopharyngeal incoordination, misdirected swallowing, epiglottic dysfunction and Zenker diverticulum. In five patients there was a malignant lesion as well, i.e. in the larynx, oesophagus, pharynx or stomach. With the aid of cine-radiography it is possible to show the presence of webs in a significantly higher proportion of patients with dysphagia compared with the conventional spot film technique. With cine-radiography it is also possible to demonstrate concomitant functional abnormalities which are frequently present in these patients. PMID- 7307436 TI - The barium infusion in small intestinal obstruction. AB - During a two-year period 26 patients with suspected small bowel obstruction were examined by infusing barium into the small intestine. Mechanical obstruction was confirmed in 25 patients and the level of obstruction was shown in all except one who had carcinoma of the caecum. Surgery was avoided in nine patients-six of whom had Crohn's disease, two had adhesions and the investigation showed no abnormality in one patient. There were no complications associated with the examination or with the subsequent operation. PMID- 7307437 TI - Radiological manifestations of ritual-enema-induced colitis. AB - Most South African urban Blacks consult witchdoctors. In order to effect cures the witchdoctors often use enemas containing various ingredients. These enemas may result in complications, some of which may be fatal. The radiological manifestations of ritual-enema-induced colitis are described. The acute radiological abnormalities include segmental toxic dilatation, necrotising colitis, pseudopolypoid formation, ulcer formation, penetration and perforation. The chronic manifestations are loss of bowel calibre, skip stricture formation, diffuse stricture formation and loss of the normal haustral pattern. The spectrum of radiological appearances is both wide and kaleidoscopic, and may mimic many other colonic diseases. PMID- 7307438 TI - Normal axial anatomy of the hip as demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - The anatomy of four baseline transaxial computed tomography (CT) slices of the hip is described and compared with the corresponding anatomical cuts in cadavers. Level I demonstrates the superior compartment of the joint and the superior aspect of the femoral head. Level II is clinically the most important in that it demonstrates the bone thickness of the medial acetabular wall. Level III is through the femoral neck and allows measurements of femoral anteversion and acetabular inclination. The fourth level demonstrates the calcar femorale, but is seldom performed. An easy method of achieving reference levels II and III without a survey radiograph is described; the radiation dose can therefore be reduced by performing only the clinically relevant slice. PMID- 7307439 TI - Comparison between iodamide and iothalamate in intravenous urography. AB - A number of iodinated contrast media such as Iothalamate, whose excretion depends on glomerular filtration are well established for use in intravenous urography. Iodamide, a relatively new iodinated contrast medium, is thought to be actively secreted by the tubules in addition to glomerular filtration. We set out to compare the nephrogram and pyelogram using these two types of contrast medium, injecting each either slowly or rapidly. Only patients with normal plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were included in the assessment. The results, although inconclusive, suggest that the quality of the nephrogram and pyelogram is better with Iodamide than with Iothalamate. PMID- 7307440 TI - Computed tomography in the radiology of testicular teratomas. AB - Thirty patients with testicular teratomas were examined by computed tomography (CT), lymphangiography and chest X-rays/tomography and the role of each investigation in the staging and management of these tumours is examined. It is suggested that CT should be the primary investigation of the abdomen in patients with testicular teratomas and that the lymphangiogram should be reserved for those cases where CT is technically inadequate or where biochemical markers are raised despite a negative CT scan. In the thorax a conventional chest X-ray should be taken and used for follow-up where possible, but CT scans should be performed in all cases with less than three metastases shown on chest radiography. PMID- 7307441 TI - Results of testicular tumour management bases on lymphographic staging. AB - The results of the treatment of germ tumours of the testis between 1968 and 1975 are presented and assessed in relation to lymphographic staging. The number of patients seen was 132. The four year disease-free survival for Stage I seminoma was 100% and for Stage II 84% and for Stage I teratoma 72% and Stage II 31%. In Stage II seminoma supra diaphragmatic node metastases were only seen where node metastases had caused renal or ureteric displacement, and a case is made for selective prophylactic radiotherapy above the diaphragm. There was a relapse rate of 24% in the para-aortic nodes of Stage I teratomas where prophylactic irradiation was not given, suggesting a high incidence of occult metastases. PMID- 7307442 TI - Lymphomas of the testis-results of treatment 1960-77. AB - Fifty-one patients with malignant lymphoma presenting in the testis are reported. The tumours were all diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Eight patients had bilateral involvement. Fifty-three per cent of patients had evidence of spread beyond the testis at presentation and 75% at some time. The actuarial survival for all patients was 20% and for patients with disease apparently confined to the testis 40%. There was a survival advantage for patients with right sided tumours and lymphocytic histology. Chemotherapy using the VAP regime followed by radiotherapy to sites of bulky disease is recommended for patients with evidence of spread at presentation. For patients with disease apparently confined to the testis it is suggested that consideration should be given to adjuvant chemotherapy following radiotherapy to the abdominal nodes and scrotum. PMID- 7307443 TI - Malignant changes in glossal leukoplakia. AB - This paper reviews 117 cases of leukoplakia of the tongue seen at Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute between 1932-1972. After confirmation of non malignancy by biopsy these cases were kept on follow-up for a varying period of time. It was found that 20 (17%) of them eventually developed carcinoma of the tongue. Of the others 11 (9.4%) developed malignancy of other sites. Of the 20 who developed carcinoma of the tongue nine died of their glossal disease despite treatment, two of other carcinomas and five of intercurrent non-malignant disease. It is submitted by the author that cases of glossal leukoplakia should never be totally dismissed from follow-up. PMID- 7307444 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate: the treatment of bone metastases by radiophosphorus. AB - Osseous deposits secondary to advanced carcinoma of the prostate are a common feature of the disease. These deposits are most often seen in the lumbar spine and pelvis and cause severe and intractable pain, often requiring large quantities of strong analgesia for alleviation of pain. Relief of pain can be achieved by external irradiation of these deposits, but this relief may not be permanent and the disease may be so widespread that it is impracticable to treat all the deposits by irradiation. Deposits from carcinoma of the prostrate are usually multiple and all may cause pain at the same time. A method of delivering the radiation to all the deposits at the same time has been sought. Previous studies have shown that radioactive phosphorus (P32) can be used to obtain this localisation of radioactivity at sites of osseous activity. In this study 24 patients with bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate were treated with radiophosphorus and methyl testosterone, or radiophosphorus with parathormone and calcium. An overall response rate of 58% shows this to be an effective palliative treatment. The results suggest there is a greater response when P32 is used in conjunction with parathormone and calcium, than with methyl testosterone. PMID- 7307445 TI - Economical gonorrhea control in Colorado. PMID- 7307446 TI - [The anti-arrhythmic effect of L-carnitine in subjects with ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7307447 TI - [Clinical studies of the therapeutic effectiveness of the combination of tranexamic acid and antibiotics in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7307448 TI - [Behavior of serum lipids, blood coagulation factors, platelet aggregation, complement and serum immunoglobulins in a group of arteriosclerotic, hyperlipemic subjects treated with 3GS]. PMID- 7307449 TI - [The combination of L-dopa and carbidopa in therapy of a case of familial juvenile parkinsonism]. PMID- 7307450 TI - [Pharmacodynamic aspects of reproterol]. PMID- 7307451 TI - [Prolonged cimetidine treatment in duodenal and gastric ulcer. Clinical experience]. PMID- 7307452 TI - [Anti-inflammatory local frigotherapy with a combination of escin, heparin and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (EPL)]. PMID- 7307453 TI - [Evaluation of the action of fusafungin in the treatment of chronic bronchitis in the 1st and 2d stages]. PMID- 7307454 TI - [List of prescriptions for therapy of gout]. PMID- 7307455 TI - [Control of microbial air contamination in the operating theatre. I. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the microbe load before and after aerosol distribution of an iodophor mixture]. PMID- 7307456 TI - [Therapeutic comparison between digoxin, beta-methyl-digoxin and beta-acetyl digoxin]. PMID- 7307457 TI - [Phosphomycin for the prevention of bacterial infections in high risk patients]. PMID- 7307458 TI - [A case of atypical neurobrucellosis]. PMID- 7307459 TI - [Asthma caused by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis]. PMID- 7307460 TI - [Control of microbial air pollution in the operating room. II. Reconstruction experiments to verify the effect of aerosol distribution of an iodophor mixture]. PMID- 7307461 TI - A stable parenteral solution of apomorphine. AB - A sterile, stable apomorphine preparation suitable for parenteral use was prepared by dissolving 0.3% w/v powdered apomorphine hydrochloride in 1% reduced l-ascorbic acid. The solution was then sterilized by filtration through a 0.22 micrometer Millipore filter, the air in the vial was replaced by nitrogen, and the vials were sealed and stored at 5 degrees C in the dark. Under these conditions the apomorphine solutions remained water-clear and retained their potency for at least 1 year following preparation. PMID- 7307462 TI - Effect of magnesium citrate on the in vitro adsorption of aspirin by activated charcoal. AB - The objective of this study was to determine if magnesium citrate solution given concurrently with activated charcoal would affect charcoal's in vitro ability to bind aspirin. Aspirin and charcoal were mixed in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid, and then magnesium citrate solution was added in proportions simulating those encountered clinically. Results indicate that no clinically significant interaction occurs between magnesium citrate and activated charcoal in either fluid, and that these two agents can be given simultaneously without decreasing the binding capacity for aspirin. PMID- 7307463 TI - Neutropenia following acute chlorpromazine ingestion. AB - A 5-year-old child is reported who, after an acute ingestion of chlorpromazine, developed an absolute neutropenia. The neutrophil count reached its nadir (210 cells/mm3) at 45 h postingestion. The child recovered and had a normal white blood cell count 17 d after ingestion. While neutropenia and agranulocytosis are not uncommon with chronic chlorpromazine therapy, neutropenia following an acute ingestion is unique but predictable in view of chlorpromazine's toxic effects on white cells. A white blood cell count on presentation of an acute chlorpromazine ingestion and at 24-48 h postingestion should allow detection of patients at risk for acute chlorpromazine-induced neutropenia. PMID- 7307464 TI - A fatal case of iodine poisoning. PMID- 7307465 TI - Coffee and caffeine. PMID- 7307466 TI - Initial management of the multiple trauma patient. PMID- 7307467 TI - Rabies risks: systematic evaluation and management of animal bites. PMID- 7307468 TI - Objective approach to the management of shock. AB - The objective in managing shock is to prevent anaerobic metabolism in the tissue. In the resuscitation of the acutely hypovolemic patient, volume resuscitation is the key. Drugs are seldom needed to accomplish this goal. Only when shock state results from an increase in the size of the container or from a decrease in the output of the pump, are drugs necessary. The objective management of shock is an understanding of the interrelationship of the pump, the container and the fluid, the mechanisms of monitoring their functions, and the use of the appropriate methods to return them to normal. PMID- 7307469 TI - Age of onset of phobic disorders: a reevaluation. PMID- 7307470 TI - Liaison psychiatry, liaison nursing, and behavioral medicine. PMID- 7307471 TI - Mental status examination: myth or method. PMID- 7307472 TI - Caffeinism associated with greater use of other psychotropic agents. PMID- 7307473 TI - Cognitive functioning in the affective disorders. PMID- 7307474 TI - Secondary depression in alcoholism: implications for future research. PMID- 7307475 TI - Treatment of mania. PMID- 7307476 TI - The impact of ward dynamics on psychiatric consultation and liaison. PMID- 7307477 TI - Secondary depression in anxiety disorders. PMID- 7307478 TI - Interpersonal problem-solving therapy for schizophrenics and their families. PMID- 7307479 TI - A modified technique of guinea pig testing to identify delayed hypersensitivity allergens. AB - A modified guinea pig testing technique was developed for the detection of weak allergens and allergenicity of materials unsuitable for testing by intradermal injection. This test involved the use of Freund's complete adjuvant to stimulate the immune system of the animal, and external application instead of intradermal injection of the test compound in the induction stage. The allergenicity of Sudan III, Brilliant Lake Red R and Sudan I was tested by this procedure. In the dose effect study of Sudan I, the dose dependency of a positive reaction of the induction and challenge concentrations was recognized. The test was compared with three other guinea pig sensitization tests. The results obtained with this test correlated well with those obtained with the guinea pig maximization test. PMID- 7307481 TI - Virus warts in meat handlers. AB - An epidemiological study has been made of virus warts on the hands of all workers in a large meat processing factory. The meat handled is pork and beef. A total of 1141 employees were examined, 687 of whom were constantly handling meat. The plant outline and the work of the 144 workers in the butchery section are described in detail. The prevalence of warts in meat handlers was 33.6-70.4% in different sections. The prevalence in non-meat handlers varied from 18.2% to 44.4%. Half of the employees with warts were unaware of them, particularly in regard to plane warts. PMID- 7307480 TI - A comparison of three guinea-pig sensitization procedures for the detection of 19 reported human contact sensitizers. AB - A maximization test (after Magnusson & Kligman 1970), a single injection adjuvant test (SIAT) and a modified Draize test procedure for assessing contact sensitization potential in guinea-pigs have been compared for their ability to detect 19 known human contact sensitizers. The results show that the modified Draize procedure is a good screening test particularly for strong sensitizers. The maximization procedure is a very stringent test of sensitization potential, able to detect some marginal sensitizers. The sensitivity of the SIAT procedure is sufficiently similar to that of the maximization test to act as an alternative for routine testing, particularly in view of its practical advantages over the maximization procedure. PMID- 7307482 TI - Industrial aspects of 112 cases of allergic contact dermatitis from Frullania in British Columbia during a 10-year period. PMID- 7307483 TI - Type I without type III and type IV hypersensitivity reaction to nickel. PMID- 7307484 TI - Contact dermatitis from oleyl polypeptide in Xeruminex ear drops. PMID- 7307485 TI - Allergic dermatitis and oral challenge to tetramethylthiuram disulphide. PMID- 7307486 TI - Nickel sensitivity as a cause of rhinitis. PMID- 7307487 TI - Allergic drug eruption to carbason. PMID- 7307489 TI - Eczematous eruption from oral diphenhydramine. PMID- 7307488 TI - Dermatitis from shoes and an amputation prosthesis due to mercaptobenzthiazole and paratertiary butyl formaldehyde resin. PMID- 7307490 TI - Contact allergy to sorbic acid and Unguentum Merck. PMID- 7307491 TI - Allergy to clobetasol-17-propionate (Dermovate). PMID- 7307492 TI - Contact urticaria from cabbage (brassica). PMID- 7307493 TI - Keloid formation after patch tests. PMID- 7307494 TI - Monotertiary butyl hydroquinone in lipstick. PMID- 7307495 TI - Occupational contact urticaria to fresh cow and pig blood in slaughtermen. PMID- 7307496 TI - Contact urticaria to apricot stone. PMID- 7307497 TI - Contact urticaria to fish. PMID- 7307498 TI - False positive reaction to mercaptobenzthiazole from rubber in eyedrop bottle. PMID- 7307499 TI - Alstroemeria dermatitis. PMID- 7307500 TI - Vitiligo and occupational exposure to hydroquinone from servicing self photographing machines. PMID- 7307501 TI - Contact dermatitis from processional pine caterpillar (Thaumetopoe Pityocampa Schiff Lepidoptera). PMID- 7307503 TI - Beneficial effects of exercise and current concepts in adult fitness. PMID- 7307504 TI - Secondary school sportsmedicine. On providing optimal care for the interscholastic athlete. PMID- 7307502 TI - The university sports medicine program. PMID- 7307505 TI - Aerobic muscular exercise: applications in clinical medicine for diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 7307506 TI - Hypothermia in winter and high altitude sports. PMID- 7307508 TI - Arthroscopic knee surgery in athletes. PMID- 7307507 TI - Drugs and sport. PMID- 7307509 TI - An interview with Senator Gerald Labriola, M.D. PMID- 7307510 TI - Scientific fraud and scientific ethics. PMID- 7307511 TI - Legislative inertia on nontreatment legislation. A function of oppositional interest group hegemony. PMID- 7307512 TI - Hysterectomy in women aged 15-44, United States, 1970-1978. Center For Disease Control H.E.W., Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA. PMID- 7307513 TI - Breast cancer questions-- and answers. PMID- 7307514 TI - Leukocyte-poor red blood cells (washed) prevent transfusion reactions. PMID- 7307515 TI - Results of carotid artery surgery for cerebral vascular insufficiency. PMID- 7307516 TI - Endogenous uveitis: a multispecialty problem. PMID- 7307518 TI - Heimlich maneuver in cold-water drowning. PMID- 7307517 TI - Influenza vaccine effectiveness: Two epidemiological studies, 1980-1981 outbreak. PMID- 7307519 TI - Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions. PMID- 7307520 TI - Current status of continuing medical education. AMA Council on Medical Education. PMID- 7307521 TI - Study reveals multiple interpretations of phrases commonly used by doctors. PMID- 7307523 TI - Toxic effects of quinacrine hydrochloride in rhesus monkeys. AB - The toxic effects of intraperitoneal, intrauterine and intravenous administration of quinacrine hydrochloride solution were evaluated in female adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). A single intraperitoneal injection of 400 mg and above resulted in the development of toxic manifestations leading to death of monkeys. Intrauterine instillation of 500 mg of quinacrine was well tolerated and did not produce any toxic effects. However, intravenous injection of 100 and 75 mg was lethal to the animals. PMID- 7307522 TI - A study of contraceptive choice and use in Bangkok Metropolis Health Clinics. PMID- 7307524 TI - Effect of intrauterine administration of antiprostaglandin drugs on implantation in the rat. AB - Three antiprostaglandin drugs, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and ibuprofen, were administered intraluminally at different does to pregnant rats on Day 4 of pregnancy. It was observed that ibuprofen administered at a dose of 400 micrograms inhibited implantation in all rats. Ibuprofen when administered at a lower dose of 100 or 200 micrograms on Day 4 of pregnancy or at a dose of 400 micrograms on Day 3 or 5 of pregnancy did not exert such an antiimplantation effect. Acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin also induced, but to a lesser extent, an antiimplantation effect when administered at a dose of 400 micrograms on Day 4 of pregnancy. PMID- 7307525 TI - Cryopreservation of human monocytes. PMID- 7307526 TI - Cryopreservation of human lymphocytes and stem cells (CFU-c) in large units for cancer therapy--a report based on the data of more than 400 frozen units. PMID- 7307527 TI - Seleno-DL-methionine reduces freezing injury in hearts protected with ethanediol. PMID- 7307528 TI - Organ temperature measurement in a microwave oven by resonance frequency shift. PMID- 7307529 TI - Late appearance of resistance to tumor rechallenge following cryosurgery. A study in an experimental mammary tumor of the rat. PMID- 7307530 TI - Effect of osmolality of skim-milk diluents and thawing rate on cryosurvival of ram spermatozoa. PMID- 7307531 TI - A study of water binding of lyophilized viral vaccine systems. PMID- 7307532 TI - Predicting the stability of freeze-dried Fusobacterium mortiferum proficiency testing samples by accelerated storage tests. PMID- 7307533 TI - Terrestrial arthropods and low temperature. PMID- 7307534 TI - In vitro production of basement membrane collagen by a clonal line of mouse lens epithelial cells. AB - The basement membrane is a structure of prime importance for the proper functioning of certain organs such as the lens and the kidney. Its inaccessibility and resistance to extraction, however, make an absolute determination of its composition difficult. The establishment of a cell line that synthesizes authentic basement membrane components in vitro would make basement membrane components more easily obtained, and would provide a controlled situation which could be more easily manipulated. In this report, a Balb/C mouse lens epithelial cell line was investigated. The cells were observed to undergo morphological transformations in vitro depending upon the cell density. As cell cell contacts became prevalent, stellate cells organized into an epithelioid sheet. Later, elongate cells and lentoid bodies predominated in the culture. Thus, morphologically the cells mimicked the in vivo transition of the lens epithelial cells into lens fiber cells. Furthermore, the collagen(s) synthesized by these cells reacted specifically with affinity purified antibody directed against mouse type IV collagen. These morphological and immunological data lend credence to the concept that this lens epithelial cell line is an authentic replica of the in vivo situation. PMID- 7307535 TI - Cataractogenesis in the X-irradiated rabbit eye. AB - Studies were conducted on the development of cataract in the eyes of young (5-6 week old) New Zealand White rabbits exposed to 20 Gy of X-rays (1 Gy = 100 rads). The findings indicated that the opacities appear initially during the first week post-irradiation and follow a progression typical of cataract development in older rabbits and other species. However, advanced cataractous changes, as indicated by lens intumescence, occur concomitantly with complete opacification. They develop rapidly within a two day period between 2.5 to 3 months post irradiation. PMID- 7307536 TI - The distribution of electron density in corneal collagen fibrils. AB - Using high intensity synchrotron X-ray diffraction data, an electron density profile has been obtained for the collagen fibrils in corneal stroma at higher resolution than has been possible before. The details within this electron density distribution are discussed in terms of the collagen and its interactions with other components present in the tissue. PMID- 7307537 TI - Bicarbonate and the trans-endothelial short circuit current of human cornea. AB - Experiments were performed in vitro, to determine the effect of bicarbonate ion concentration on human cornea endothelial potential difference, short circuit current and resistance. Decreasing the bicarbonate concentration resulted in a reversible and parallel fall in potential differences and short circuit current, whereas resistance remained unchanged. The results demonstrate that bicarbonate is a necessary component of the mechanisms that generate trans-endothelial short circuit current. Similarities between data derived from rabbit, ox and human suggest that a common underlying bicarbonate dependent mechanism is operating in these species. PMID- 7307538 TI - The behaviour of cat and human corneas in organ culture in various media. AB - The survival in organ culture of cat and human corneas in two chemically-defined media, T8 and MAB87/3 was compared with that in MEM containing foetal bovine serum. The endothelium was assessed by SEM and vital staining with nitroblue tetrazolium after periods of up to 28 days. The cat endothelial cell population increased considerably in density in all the media and the orderly hexagonal arrangement of the cells was lost. The derangement was greater in the chemically defined media after periods of storage exceeding 7 days. The human endothelial cell population declined slightly in all the media and the cells retained a relatively orderly arrangement. Survival in the chemically-defined media appeared equal to that in MEM. We conclude: 1) the observed differences between the species need to be considered when cat endothelium is used as an experimental model; 2) chemically-defined media appear to be satisfactory for preservation of human corneas by organ culture for periods of at least 7 days. PMID- 7307539 TI - Ocular biometry of the cynomolgus monkey. AB - Eight cynomolgus monkeys underwent ocular biometry. Body weight = 3.04 +/- 0.59 kg; horizontal corneal diameter = 9.79 +/- 0.47 mm; anterior corneal curvature = 59.20 +/- 1.51 diopters at 90 degrees, 58.81 +/- 2.18 diopters at 180 degrees, 0.40 +/- 1.03 diopters at 90 degrees-180 degrees; anterior chamber depth = 2.79 +/- 0.27 mm; lens thickness = 3.18 +/- 0.15 mm; vitreous cavity length = 11.25 +/ 0.51 mm; total internal axial length = 17.16 +/- 0.69 mm. Most of the ocular parameters were correlated with body weight. PMID- 7307540 TI - The structure of the lens epithelium and its basement membrane in the diabetic state. AB - The basement membrane of the crystalline lens of the diabetic rat was found to have a similar elasticity modulus at high stress to that of normal membrane. However, at low stress and extension Young's modulus of elasticity was 0.36 (Mean) +/- 0.15 (SD) X 10(6) Nm-2 and about 30 per cent lower than that of normal membrane. Diabetic membrane was significantly more extensible since it extended a further 7.5% as compared with normal membrane before it ruptured. These changes in the elastic properties of the membrane was accompanied by characteristic changes in the epithelial cells. The cells become round and swollen containing cytoplasm rich in rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The changes suggest increased metabolic activity while the presence of intra-cellular membrane whorls indicate phagocytic activity. Plaques of epithelial cells were sometimes found at the anterior poles of diabetic lenses. Electron microscopic observations of ultrasonicated fragments of diabetic membrane showed that the filaments had no difference in periodicity (3.7 nm) from those found in normal membrane, but their spacing was significantly increased by 0.2 nm. The increased extensibility and decreased Young's modulus of elasticity at low stress, together with the increase spacing of the filaments, were shown to be consistent with the view that the helical macromolecules forming the filaments of diabetic basement membrane may be increased in length. PMID- 7307541 TI - Electron microscopy supports a fibrous substructure for lens intermediate filaments. AB - The substructure of intermediate filaments from bovine lens cortical fiber cells was investigated by electron microscopy. Native filaments and synthetic ones regenerated from the total cytoskeletal extract and from the three purified subunits were examined. The morphologies from these various sources were essentially identical, with the exception that filaments reconstituted from one of the purified polypeptides were much shorter, very contorted and showed strings of aggregated protein. The solid cylindrical, unbranching filaments consisted of a helical arrangement of at least two, 5 nm diameter strands. The evidence indicated that each strand was composed of two, 2 nm diameter protofilaments which were also helically constructed (right-handed) with a periodicity of 11.6 nm. Intermediate filament diameter varied widely (8-14.8 nm, average 11.3 nm) and in a direct, linear manner relative to the apparent progression (helical) angle of the strands across the filaments face. These conclusions were obtained from observations on negatively stained intact filaments and reconstituted 4.4 nm fibrils and on positively stained transverse sections of fixed and embedded filaments. PMID- 7307542 TI - Determination of acetazolamide in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for acetazolamide is presented. A 100-microliter sample is mixed with an aliquot of the internal standard solution and the mixture, buffered at pH 4.5, is extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract is evaporated to dryness and the residue is analyzed by HPLC, using a reverse-phase octadecylsilane column. The wavelength of the detection is 254 nm. The coefficient of variation (CV) in the within-day analysis of replicate 10-microgram/ml acetazolamide samples in human blood plasma was 6.5%, while the between-day CV was 7.1%. The procedures was developed for the 1 25 microgram/ml acetazolamide concentration range. The internal standard used is similar in chemical structure to acetazolamide and can be readily prepared in one step from a commercially available precursor. In addition to blood serum or plasma, the assay can also use aqueous and vitreous humor samples. Theophylline and acetaminophen interfere in the assay. The technique was used to determine the concentration of acetazolamide in the blood serum of human volunteers after an oral dose of the drug, and in the aqueous and vitreous humors of rabbits after an intravenous dose of acetazolamide. PMID- 7307543 TI - Abnormal pattern electroretinograms with macular cherry-red spots: evidence for selective ganglion cell damage. AB - A macular cherry red spot is a strikingly visible abnormality indicating storage of an abnormal metabolic product by the retinal ganglion cells. The flash and pattern electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) of a patient with the cherry-red spot-myoclonus syndrome, a sialidosis due to neuraminidase deficiency, were studied. The flash ERG was normal but the pattern ERG had an abnormal waveform with a significantly attenuated p-q wave component. Corresponding flash VEPs were normal, but pattern VEPs were delayed. This case documents human evidence that the pattern ERG is organised in the ganglion cells whereas the flash ERG, as is well known, is generated in the distal retina. PMID- 7307544 TI - Increase in red cell filterability after incubation with oxpentifylline. AB - Red cells from patients with various diseases known to decrease red cell filterability were washed and incubated in oxpentifylline suspended in buffered saline. An improvement of red cell filterability could be observed which was independent of the aetiology of red cell rigidity. The improvement was related to the initial degree of abnormality. No change was observed in normal cells or cells more than 4 hours old. PMID- 7307545 TI - The treatment of high blood pressure in the elderly: a multi-centre evaluation of a fixed combination of metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide ("Co-Betaloc") in general practice. AB - A post-marketing surveillance programme was carried out in general practice to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed-dose combination of 100 mg metoprolol and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, with particular reference to elderly patients. Patients received a single daily dose over a period of 3 months. The results of the analysis of data from 1446 patients showed that, although the initial blood pressure was higher in the elderly, both the systolic and diastolic pressures were reduced by the same degree after 3-months' treatment, regardless of age. The incidence of side effects was similar in all age groups, although a higher proportion of these side effects led to treatment withdrawal in the elderly, possibly reflecting an increasing overall intolerance to drugs with age. The results suggest that treatment with the metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide combination is effective and well tolerated in the majority of hypertensive patients, irrespective of age or previous antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7307546 TI - The effect of 0.25% and 0.5% pindolol in intraocular pressure in normal human volunteers. AB - A study was carried out in 12 healthy volunteers to determine the effects of 0.25% and 0.5% pindolol eye drops on intraocular pressure. The results showed that both concentrations produced similar and highly significant falls in intraocular pressure after single instillation into the conjunctival sacs, the effect being measured with a non-contact tonometer. No significant changes were found in resting heart rate. PMID- 7307547 TI - Pilonidal sinus epidermoid carcinoma: a clincopathologic study and a collective review. PMID- 7307548 TI - Simple circuitry for biventricular cardiac assist: experimental trials and clinical experience. PMID- 7307549 TI - Accelerated coagulation in a nonmetastasizing tumor in rats. PMID- 7307550 TI - Blood potassium cardioplegia preserves ATP and ventricular function for three hours of aortic crossclamping. PMID- 7307551 TI - Cholecystectomy and carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 7307553 TI - Natural resistance to tumors and viruses. PMID- 7307554 TI - Food problems. PMID- 7307552 TI - Inhibition of increased serum histamine and lactate after severe scald injury and cold-water treatment. PMID- 7307555 TI - Allergen replacement (alternatives) in the management of contact dermatitis. PMID- 7307557 TI - Clinical variants of basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7307556 TI - Factitial Dermatitis--Cao Gio. PMID- 7307558 TI - Hodgkin's disease involving the skin. AB - A 36-year-old patient developed discolored nodules over his sternum and left chest without systemic symptoms. Biopsy showed Hodgkin's disease; laparotomy revealed Hodgkin's disease in the spleen. This case illustrates the rare cutaneous presentation of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 7307560 TI - Auriculotemporal syndrome. PMID- 7307561 TI - Fibrofolliculoma: a clinicopathologic study. AB - A 63-year-old woman with numerous fibrofolliculomas on the face, neck, ears, and trunk is described. These papular lesions developed at approximately 30 years of age. Various family members have clinically identical lesions suggesting an autosomal dominant disorder. The hamartomatous lesions consisted of a proliferation of the pilar fibrous root sheath which surrounded anastomosing bands of epithelium arising from the hair follicle. The clinical and pathologic features of pilar complex tumors are reviewed. PMID- 7307559 TI - Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with transient hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - An 8-month-old white boy with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) who was referred to the North Carolina Baptist Hospital because of recurrent respiratory infections and hypogammaglobulinemia is presented. His mother had partial expression of AED suggesting x-linked recessive inheritance in this family. She was incidentally given oral glucocorticoids during pregnancy for the treatment of chronic urticaria. The patient's serum immunoglobulins G, A and M were low at 8 months but normal by 15 months of age, and immunologic evaluation failed to show a defect in antibody production or cell-mediated immunity. Although rare, the diagnosis of AED must be considered in infant boys with recurrent fever and respiratory infections. The diagnostic features of the disease may be subtle in young child prior to the eruption of the characteristic peg-shaped teeth. PMID- 7307562 TI - Ozone production by dermatologic phototherapy equipment. AB - Phototherapy is an extremely effective and popular physical modality used by many dermatologists to treat a wide variety of cutaneous disorders. The major dermatologic journals frequently have articles on new applications for phototherapy. The science of photobiology has advanced rapidly over the last ten years and probably will continue to do so. One fact that should be kept in mind when using an ultraviolet light apparatus is the possibility of the generation of ozone, a toxic gas. In this study, a number of devices commonly used by many dermatologists in phototherapy were monitored for ozone production. Although some of the equipment examined can produce ozone, it is produced at very low levels, dissipates quickly, and poses no health threat. PMID- 7307564 TI - Lichen striatus. PMID- 7307563 TI - A randomized comparison of three conventional modes of treatment of psoriasis of the scalp. AB - Three conventional treatments of scalp psoriasis were compared in a randomized, blind, uncontrolled clinical trial in 30 patients at a psoriasis day-care centre. Triple gel (the sequential application of Keralyt, Estar, and Topsyn gels), 10 percent salicylic acid in Sofsyn oil, and 10 percent salicylic acid in mineral oil were compared. There were no statistically significant differences among the three treatments in terms of clinical efficacy. Therefore, on the basis of lowest cost and highest patient acceptance, 10 percent salicylic acid in mineral oil is the preferred treatment. PMID- 7307567 TI - Aquagenic urticaria. AB - A 30-year-old woman with aquagenic urticaria developed hives every time she came in contact with a water source such as tap water, snow or sweat. The patient's condition was satisfactorily controlled with cyproheptadine hydrochloride. I believe the triggering event in these attacks may have been an osmotic stimulus. PMID- 7307566 TI - Contact urticaria to cow's milk. AB - Contact urticaria developed in a child as a reaction to cow's milk. After heating the milk to 80 degrees C for thirty seconds, the child did not have a similar reaction. To my knowledge, this is the first case of contact urticaria to cow's milk in which there were no systemic manifestations of allergy. PMID- 7307565 TI - Cholinergic urticaria and neuromuscular blocking agents. PMID- 7307568 TI - Pilonidal sinus caused by cutting trauma. AB - The implantation of hair in the deep corium is responsible for the production of pilonidal sinus. The mechanism responsible may be the drilling of hair, suction, implantation, or sequestration. Cutting trauma can be responsible for the production of pilonidal sinus, if the hair fragments are implanted in the deep corium of the skin. PMID- 7307569 TI - A new technique for evaluating bath oil in the treatment of dry skin. AB - Patients with moderate-to severe dry skin of the lower legs bathed daily for 17 days using either an emulsified lanolin and mineral oil bath additive (Treatment Group) or their usual bath soap (Control Group). The affected sites were evaluated and photographed before and at selected times following treatment, using a standardized technique. The severity of the dry skin as it appeared in projected color transparencies was evaluated on a 10-point grading scale by a second investigator under blinded conditions. The differential response between treatment and control groups increased with time and was found statistically significant (p less than 0.05), demonstrating the sensitivity of the method as well as the apparent therapeutic effects of the bath additive. PMID- 7307570 TI - Cryosurgery. A complementary modality. PMID- 7307571 TI - Tinea in tattoos. PMID- 7307572 TI - Bowel bypass syndrome. PMID- 7307573 TI - Reversal of male pattern baldness by minoxidil. A case report. PMID- 7307574 TI - Acanthoma induction in psoriasis patients after short-term high potency Goeckerman treatment. PMID- 7307576 TI - Congenital varicella. PMID- 7307575 TI - North American blastomycosis in an immunosuppressed patient. AB - A 49-year-old man with sarcoidosis presented with a large nonhealing verrucous and eroded lesion (of two years' duration) over the left flank. Biopsy of the lesion revealed granulomatous infiltration, and special fungal stains showed the typical broad-necked budding structure of Bastomyces dermatitidis. The patient underwent en masse surgical removal of the lesion followed by systemic administration of amphotericin B. This report emphasizes the need for skin biopsy for nonhealing ulcers of unknown etiology, reviews the natural history of North American blastomycosis, and speculates on its relationship to immunosuppression. PMID- 7307577 TI - Localization of the uroporphyrinogen I synthase locus to human chromosome region 11q13 leads to qter and interconversion of enzyme isomers. PMID- 7307578 TI - Reaggregation of rat gonadal cells in vitro: experiments on the function of H-Y antigen. AB - Dispersed cells of the gonads of newborn rats reaggregate histotypically in rotation culture. Ovarian cells form follicles, while testicular cells organize tubuli. When testis cell supernatant is added to ovarian cells, they form tubulus like structures. This effect is impeded by simultaneous addition of monoclonal anti-H-Y antibody. It is concluded that H-Y antigen is the active factor of testis cell supernatant that induces sex-reversal of ovarian cells in vitro. The reverse experiment, i.e., exposure of testicular cells to anti-H-Y antiserum, does not result in the organization of follicular structures. These findings are consistent with the view that H-Y antigen is involved in testis differentiation by inducing testis cell-specific functions, rather than by cross-linking cells. PMID- 7307579 TI - Evidence for heteromorphic sex chromosomes in male amphibians (Anura: Leptodactylidae). AB - In Eupsophus migueli, an anuran species endemic to southern Chile, all males examined have a heteromorphic pair of chromosomes, a small metacentric and a telocentric of the same size. In females, the corresponding pair, No. 14, is telocentric. This suggests that this species has an XX/XY system of sex chromosomes. The male is the heterogametic sex. PMID- 7307580 TI - High-resolution bands in human fibroblast chromosomes induced by actinomycin D. PMID- 7307581 TI - Skin fibroblast cultures derived from members of the Baltimore longitudinal study: a new resource for studies of cellular aging. AB - Approximately 100 human fibroblast-like cell lines derived from the upper arms of members of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study have been deposited in the Aging Cell Bank at the Institute for Medical Research, Camden, N.J. These cell lines were derived from individuals ranging from 29 to 96 years in age. The in vitro lifespan of each culture has been estimated by the distribution of colony sizes. The availability of cell lines of known proliferative potential from donors of various ages should provide an important new resource for cellular aging studies. PMID- 7307582 TI - Sex vesicle-associated nucleolar organizers in mouse spermatocytes: localization, structure, and function. AB - Selective silver staining demonstrated that autosomal bivalents containing transcriptively active nucleolar organizers associated with the sex vesicle during pachytene of mouse spermatocytes. Later in pachytene, the nucleolar organizers covered the portion of the sex vesicle furthest from the attachment to the nuclear envelope. Hybridization in situ revealed the presence of rDNA in the silver-positive material. The nucleolus, formed from an autosomal bivalent, exhibited a large fibrillar center surrounded by an electron-opaque fibrillar zone. The nucleolar association with the sex vesicle was studied at early, middle, and late pachytene by hybridization in situ, NOR silver staining, and electron microscopy. These observations enabled us to further define the relationships of the nucleolar components with the X-Y pair. PMID- 7307584 TI - Delineation of 13q-deletion by replication banding in retinoblastoma. AB - High-resolution replication banding was performed to (1) delineate at the prometaphase level small interstitial deletions of chromosome 13 in two unrelated patients with retinoblastoma (Rb) and (2) study the influence of these deletions in the replication autonomy of the regions involved. The present study indicates that, in spite of the fact that break points separate (split) bands q14 and q21 in different segments, these deletions do not produce a position effect or alteration in the replication behavior of the abnormal chromosome 13's. Each segment in the deleted chromosomes replicates with a chronology and pattern identical to the normal homolog's. The present data also indicate that metaphase bands are not only autonomous foci of replication but that they can be further divided into subunits of replication which correspond to sub-bands observed in more elongated prometaphase chromosomes. Our results strongly suggest that prometaphase sub-bands represent units of chromatid organization and replication. PMID- 7307583 TI - Pachytene chromomere maps of Chinese hamster autosomes. AB - A standard chromomere map of the Chinese hamster autosomes at pachytene has been prepared and presented. Comparison of bands on somatic chromosomes and chromomeres on meiotic chromosomes revealed a close correspondence between the two. Chromosome contraction from prophase to metaphase at mitosis and early to late pachytene at meiosis lead, due to coalescence, to the recognition of decreasing numbers of bands and chromomeres. As expected, a greater number of chromomeres could be recognized at pachytene than could Giemsa- and Quinacrine positive bands at somatic metaphase. PMID- 7307586 TI - High frequency ventilation a passing fancy? PMID- 7307585 TI - Chromosomal variation and constitutive heterochromatin in three porpoise species (genus Stenella). AB - Chromosomes from cultured fibroblasts of two Pacific porpoise species, Stenella attenuata and S. longirostris, and one Atlantic species, S. dubia, were compared to test the feasibility of using variation in constitutive heterochromatin and other chromosomal characteristics for analyses of population relationships and defining stocks of endangered porpoises. The G-band karyotypes of the three species were identical except for minor band differences resulting from heterochromatin variation. The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were located on the same two pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in all three species, although individual variation occurred in the number of active NORs present. Differences in the distribution and amount of C-band heterochromatin were observed between the three species. Stenella attenuata and S. dubia were very similar in C-band pattern, while S. longirostris was distinctly different. Conspicuous heteromorphism between the C-heterochromatin of the homologs of several pairs of chromosomes was noted in all individuals examined. In addition, variation in the amount of heterochromatin was observed between the four S.attenuata individuals studied. Of the chromosomal characteristics studied, only C-heterochromatin variation holds promise for distinguishing interspecific populations of porpoises. The final decision regarding the feasibility of using C-band heterochromatin to distinguish interspecific populations of porpoises must await comparison of morphologically differing populations within what is currently regarded as a single species. PMID- 7307587 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias due to oral aminophylline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The effect of orally-administered aminophylline on cardiac arrhythmias was studied in 15 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by continuous 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings. During the control period, the mean frequency of ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) per hour was 43 +/ 26 (range 0.3 to 401), and heart rate was 80 +/- 3 beats per minute. All grades of ventricular arrhythmias were seen with occasional VEBs in five patients, frequent in three, multifocal in four, coupled beats in two, and short runs of ventricular tachycardia in one patient. Seven patients had occasional atrial premature contractions, six paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, and one patient had stable atrial fibrillation. Mean frequency of VEBs per hour and heart rate were statistically similar in patients undergoing two 24-hour control recordings. Mean grade of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias also remained similar on two control recordings. After oral aminophylline, the mean frequency of VEBs per hour increased to 72 +/- 41 (P = 0.006). Heart rate increased to 88 +/- 4 beats per minutes (P = less than 0.01). The mean grade of ventricular or atrial arrhythmias remained unchanged. We conclude that orally-administered aminophylline has both arrhythmogenic and chronotropic effects, but does not change the grade of arrhythmia. PMID- 7307588 TI - Clinical response and serum prostaglandin levels in aspirin idiosyncrasy. Effect of aspirin and a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. AB - Clinical measurements and serum prostaglandin concentrations were monitored in three normal subjects, three asthmatic controls and five asthmatic patients with aspirin (ASA) idiosyncrasy before and after oral challenge with small doses of aspirin. Additionally, in the latter group, the effects of ASA were compared with those of piroxicam, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Challenge with either agent caused bronchospasm in patients with aspirin idiosyncrasy, but was more severe after piroxicam. Nasal stuffiness and/or rhinorrhea preceded or accompanied the changes in pulmonary function with both agents. Serum prostaglandin concentrations, which reflect synthesis by platelets during the clotting of blood, revealed significant decreases in PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 within two to four hours after drug administration in all subjects with or without ASA idiosyncrasy. The change in serum PG concentration was presented when bronchospasm developed in patients with ASA idiosyncrasy, but persisted for a longer time, reflecting the irreversible effect of these agents on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in platelets. The results demonstrate that administration of minute doses of ASA and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alters prostaglandin synthesis in normal and asthmatic subjects with or without ASA idiosyncrasy. Alteration in arachidonate metabolism may be responsible for the induction of bronchospasm, and cautious use of cyclo oxygenase inhibitors in patients with known or suspected ASA idiosyncrasy is indicated. PMID- 7307589 TI - Exercise-induced myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic aortic regurgitation. AB - Left ventricular (LV) performance may remain normal in patients with LV volume overload from aortic regurgitation, but this entity results in progressive LV dysfunction. Impairment of myocardial reserve may remain undetected by current methods of assessing ventricular performance at rest, but the stress of exercise may demonstrate a reduction of myocardial reserve. To analyze the relationship between the myocardial supply and demand for oxygen in patients with aortic regurgitation, the ratio of the diastolic pressure-time index (DPTI) over the systolic pressure-time index (SPTI) was derived from recordings of pressure tracings during cardiac catheterizations in 14 patients with aortic regurgitation, and this ratio was compared with that of 24 normal subjects. The patients with aortic regurgitation had a DPTI/SPTI that fell with exercise (0.91 +/- 0.2 to 0.55 +/- 0.2) to lower values than did the ratio in the normal subjects (1.3 +/- 0.2 to 0.8 +/- 0.1) with stress. Among the patients with aortic regurgitation, a DPTI/SPTI ratio less than 0.50 with exercise identified two groups of patients that were not well separated by more common indices of severity of aortic regurgitation. The only other parameter that separated these two groups was the end-systolic volume, which is an index that reflects myocardial contractile function independent of preload. The DPTI/SPTI ratio that falls to abnormal levels with exercise may accurately reflect a failure of myocardial reserve in aortic regurgitation. PMID- 7307590 TI - Antihypertensive therapy with prazosin in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Improvement in cardiac performance and exercise tolerance. AB - Although the relationship between blood pressure and cardiac performance has been widely recognized, there are few published clinical observations concerning the effect of blood pressure control on cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of prazosin, an antihypertensive agent which also improves hemodynamic measurements in normotensive patients with heart failure, in 16 patients with moderate hypertension and reduced ejection fractions. Therapy with digoxin and diuretics was continued throughout the study, but other antihypertensive agents were withdrawn at least one week prior to the initiation of the study. Measurements of ejection fraction, cardiothoracic ratio and the duration of maximal treadmill exercise were made before and after two months of antihypertensive therapy with prazosin. On prazosin, blood pressure fell from a mean of 169/103 to 141/84. Excellent control was achieved in 13/16 patients and significant reductions were noted in the remaining three. Concomitantly, ejection fraction rose from .38 +/- .02 (SEM) to .43 +/- .03 (P less than .02), cardiothoracic ratio decreased from .55 +/- .02 to .53 +/- .02 (P less than .05) and exercise capacity increased from 9.2 +/- 0.9 to 11.9 +/- 1.1 minutes (P less than .005). Prazosin was well tolerated except in one patient who experienced worsening angina. These findings emphasize the importance of rigorous blood pressure control in hypertensive patients with left ventricular dysfunction and indicate that prazosin is effective in this setting. PMID- 7307591 TI - Improved lung compliance following indomethacin therapy in premature infants with persistent ductus arteriosus. AB - In the course of a double-blind controlled study of intravenous indomethacin therapy in premature infants with patent ducts arteriosus (PDA), dynamic lung compliance (CL) was determined in 11 infants (six control, five indomethacin) who were not on assisted ventilation during the study period. The clinical, biochemical and laboratory data before the study were comparable between the groups. Following therapy with indomethacin there was a significant decrease in left atrial/aortic root ratio (LA/Ao), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) on echocardiogram, and an increase in tidal volume (VT) and CL. In the control group, these variables did not change significantly. The improved lung compliance following early indomethacin closure of PDA may alter the clinical course and outcome of these premature infants. PMID- 7307592 TI - Exercise performance and functional impairment in asbestos-exposed workers. AB - Eighty-eight shipyard workers with extensive asbestos exposure were evaluated in terms of dyspnea, smoking history, x-ray film abnormalities, static pulmonary function, and exercise performance. Pulmonary function abnormalities and roentgenographic pleuropulmonary disease were more frequent in smokers. Significant dyspnea was present in 41 percent of the workers and did not correlate with smoking history, pulmonary function, or exercise performance. Despite this high frequency of dyspnea, 70 percent of all workers had normal exercise tolerance by history of exercise testing. Of the 26 workers with exercise impairment, only nine had pulmonary mechanical or gas exchange limitation. Two of these workers had asbestosis, while the other had airways obstruction without asbestosis. The prevalence of both asbestosis and asbestos related exercise impairment in this population was 2.3 percent. PMID- 7307593 TI - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. A clinical bronchoscopic and spirometric study. AB - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disease, although it probably occurs more frequently than expected. During an eight-year period, nine patients with TO were found among 2,180 performed bronchoscopies. There were four women and five men, with a mean age of 60 years. Cough, expectoration, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and recurrent airway infections were common, and most of the patients had had symptoms for more than ten years. Bronchoscopy revealed multiple yellow white, hard, papilla-like formations reaching from the trachea to the segmental bronchi. Microscopy of biopsy specimens from the macroscopically altered mucosa showed osteocartilaginous tissue typical for TO in all patients. In eight of the patients spirometry showed an obstructive pattern. PMID- 7307594 TI - Pulmonary hemorrhage. Vascular evaluation and interventional therapy. AB - Twenty-five cases of massive pulmonary hemorrhage were evaluated by arteriography. Either pulmonary or selective bronchial arteriography or both were performed to confirm or corroborate the clinical diagnosis. In 16 patients, gelfoam embolization of the bronchial artery was effective in causing immediate cessation of the hemorrhage. Only two of the 16 patients had recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage, both of whom had invasive central primary carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 7307595 TI - Liver alterations in antituberculosis regimens containing pyrazinamide. AB - A group of alcoholic tuberculous patients was given a pyrazinamide-containing regimen, and the liver was studied on admission and after two months of intensive treatment with IRSZ. Alterations in liver histology and in liver function tests found on admission improved or disappeared after two months' chemotherapy. A control group, give IRSE, showed similar results. A third group of nonalcoholic patients was given Z alone for 15 days, and liver tolerance was also excellent. These data support the conclusion that tuberculous alcoholic patients, in the absence of significant and persistent hepatic dysfunction, can be given Z containing regimens. In all cases, a careful monitoring of hepatic function, with monthly SGPT and bilirubin determinations, is recommended. PMID- 7307596 TI - Preliminary results of six-month regimens studied in the United States and in Poland. PMID- 7307597 TI - A perplexing case of hilar adenopathy. Clinical conference in pulmonary disease from the Ohio State University College of Medicine. PMID- 7307598 TI - Paraspinous mass in a greek woman. PMID- 7307599 TI - Parasystole arising in the accessory pathway. PMID- 7307600 TI - Simplified technique for permanent atrioventricular pacing via a single venipuncture. AB - The use of physiologic pacing utilizing transvenous atrial and ventricular electrodes has recently taken on increased importance. A simple, safe, technique for electrode implantation has been used in 14 patients and enabled the implanting physicians to establish permanent atrioventricular (A-V) sequential pacing with low risk in a short span of time. PMID- 7307601 TI - Ruptured chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve due to nonpenetrating trauma. Echocardiographic findings. AB - A case of traumatic tricuspid insufficiency is presented. In the diagnosis of ruptured chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve, two-dimensional echocardiography was an essential diagnostic procedure, while M-mode echocardiography showed no specific findings. Ruptured chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve were confirmed at operation. PMID- 7307602 TI - Pulsus alternans. Echocardiographic evidence of reduced venous return and alternating end-diastolic fiber length as causative factors. PMID- 7307603 TI - Pregnancy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - A 40-year-old pregnant patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease developed respiratory distress and delivered prematurely at 32 weeks' gestation. She required intubation and mechanical ventilation in the postpartum period. Aggressive management of this unusual case resulted in a successful outcome for both the patient and her child. PMID- 7307604 TI - Laryngospasm-induced pulmonary edema. PMID- 7307605 TI - The abbreviated alveolar air equation revisited. PMID- 7307606 TI - Volume-adjustment of MMF: new term needed. PMID- 7307607 TI - Response of myelomatous pleural effusion to chemotherapy. PMID- 7307608 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis and rifampicin. PMID- 7307610 TI - A syndrome of sleep, stridor, and panic. PMID- 7307609 TI - Splinter hemorrhages associated with an indwelling brachial artery cannula. PMID- 7307611 TI - Polyvinyl chloride pulmonary disease. PMID- 7307612 TI - Airways dimensions; changes in disease. PMID- 7307613 TI - The significance of ultrastructural abnormalities of human cilia. AB - The electronmicroscopic structure of cilia was studied from the inferior turbinate of the nose in 22 adults, and in 84 biopsies from the bronchial tree of 40 adults. The incidence of compound cilia and abnormal microtubular structures was assessed. There were significant variations in the incidence of abnormalities in different parts of the airways and even within different areas of the same electronmicroscopic section. The focal nature of differences in structure of cilia indicate that abnormalities found in a single biopsy do not necessarily reflect a generalized change in the bronchial tree. Thus, such a finding should not be used as evidence that the abnormalities of cilia are the cause of decrease in mucociliary clearance or that they play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis and sinusitis. PMID- 7307617 TI - Radioisotope labelling of aerosols for the study of lung function. PMID- 7307614 TI - The viscoelastic nature of mucus secretion. AB - The viscoelastic properties of mucus have been described together with the methods which can be used to evaluate such a rheologically complex system. Methods which do not take into account the viscoelastic nature of mucus have been criticized and it is concluded that only creep or oscillatory tests yield significant correlations with mucociliary clearance rates. PMID- 7307615 TI - An evaluation of the physical properties of monodisperse and heterodisperse aerosols used in the assessment of bronchial function. AB - Designing a therapeutic aerosol on the basis of its physical properties is a very important objective, but experience has also clearly demonstrated the value of controlling the breathing and drug administration patterns. Presently, the state of aerosol technology is well advanced of its use in medicine. The employment of more sophisticated aerosolization methods can undoubtedly be advocated on both intuitive and scientific grounds, but whether the benefit will justify their cost and complexities is far less evident. This report attempts to set the issue in perspective by reviewing the important properties of commonly-prepared heterodisperse aerosols with monodisperse aerosols of the research laboratory in the context of bronchial deposition and retention. PMID- 7307616 TI - Production of therapeutic aerosols; principles and techniques. PMID- 7307618 TI - Mechanisms of aerosol particle deposition. PMID- 7307619 TI - Mucus transport by cough. AB - Experiments are described in which a cough is simulated by blowing Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids out of a straight tube by a turbulent gas flow. Analysis of these experiments indicates that during the flow a steady state balance exists between the shear force exerted on the flowing liquid layer by the flowing gas and the shear force required to maintain the liquid layer in steady laminar flow along the tube wall. By using this steady state shear force balance, quantitative estimates are obtained for the serous layer velocities induced by a cough in various generations of the bronchial tree. These are compared to normal ciliary mucus velocities and are seen to be significant down to about the 12th generation for a cough in a healthy individual. The magnitude of cough-induced serous layer velocities is seen to be strongly dependent on the serous layer thickness, ls, and viscosity, mu s, and increase linearly with ls over mu s. PMID- 7307620 TI - Aerosol penetration into the lung; influence on airway responses. PMID- 7307621 TI - Clinical observations of aerosol deposition in patients with airways obstruction. PMID- 7307624 TI - Physicochemical determinants of mucociliary flow. PMID- 7307623 TI - The importance of aerosol penetration for lung mucociliary clearance studies. PMID- 7307622 TI - The characterization of radioaerosol deposition in the healthy lung by histogram distribution analysis. AB - Thirteen healthy nonsmoking volunteers inhaled an 8.1 micrometers (MMAD) radioaerosol on two occasions. Aerosol deposition pattern within the right lung, as recorded by a gamma camera, was expressed as the 3rd and 4th moments of the distribution histogram (skew and kurtosis) of radioactivity during the first ten minutes after aerosol inhalation. Deposition pattern was also expressed as the percentage of deposited activity retained within the lung at 24 hr (24 hr % retention) and found to be significantly correlated with measures of skew (P less than 0.001). Tests of pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, and MMFR) were significantly correlated with skew. Correlations were also demonstrated for these pulmonary function tests with 24 hr % retention but at lower levels of significance. Results indicate that changes in measures of forced expiratory airflow in healthy human volunteers influence deposition pattern and that the skew of the distribution of inhaled radioactivity may provide an acceptable index of deposition pattern. PMID- 7307626 TI - Ciliary beat frequency of biopsy samples taken from normal persons and patients with various lung diseases. AB - Ciliary beat frequency from human tracheobronchial mucosa was measured in vitro. Biopsy samples were taken during bronchoscopy and beat frequency measured with a phase contrast microscope and a photosensitive cell. In 20 healthy volunteers the mean ciliary beat frequency in the trachea was 12.5 +/- 2.8 Hz at 37 degrees C with a wide interindividual range (4.9 to 17.4 Hz), but a good intraindividual reproducibility (+/- 7 percent). There was a slight increase in frequency down the tracheobronchial tree and a decrease at lower temperatures. With some exceptions, no disease-specific correlation in beat frequency seems to exist in different bacterial and malignant bronchopulmonary conditions. However the quantity and quality of ciliated cells brushed from the mucosa does appear to be disease-related. PMID- 7307627 TI - Nasal brushing and measurement of ciliary beat frequency. An in vitro method for evaluating pharmacologic effects on human cilia. AB - Human respiratory tract epithelium suitable for measuring ciliary beat frequency (CBF) may be obtained by nasal brushing. We have used such ciliated epithelium in an in vitro preparation to study the effects on CBF of lidocaine hydrochloride administered topically in vivo before brushing or in vitro after brushing. Beat frequency measured after in vivo administration was unchanged compared to control values while incubating ciliated epithelium in vitro in increasing concentrations of lidocaine resulted in dose-related cilioinhibition. Drug concentrations required to depress ciliary activity in vitro were much higher than those occurring in clinical practice. PMID- 7307625 TI - New approaches to regulation of fluid secretion in airways. AB - Physiologic, morphologic, biochemical, and immunologic methods have been used to study cholinergic and adrenergic regulation of airway submucosal gland secretion. Using a newly developed micropipette method, we can now measure the rate of fluid flow from each individual gland duct and we can harvest these secretions for specific chemical analysis. Stimulation of both the cholinergic and adrenergic systems affect gland secretions. The vagus nerves are the pathways for many reflexes affecting secretion: laryngeal, gastric and carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation accelerate the fluid production, and lung inflation (Hering-Breuer reflex) inhibits fluid secretion. Stimulation by cholinergic, muscarinic agonists depletes both mucous and serous cells, so vagal reflexes probably produce mixed secretions. In contrast, alpha-adrenergic agonists deplete serous cell contents, release high concentrations of lysozyme and produce large volumes of fluid with a low protein concentration, while beta-adrenergic stimulation may selectively deplete mucous cells, releases little lysozyme and produces scanty fluid with a high protein concentration. The significance of this cholinergic and adrenergic modulation on cough and ciliary clearance are important subjects for future study. PMID- 7307628 TI - Alteration of tracheal mucociliary transport in airway disease. Effect of pharmacologic agents. PMID- 7307629 TI - Effects of drugs on mucociliary transport in the trachea and bronchial airways. AB - Pharmacologically active agents may change transport rates regionally within the airways of the lung, as well as affect the overall magnitude of the clearance of inhaled deposited radioaerosols. To investigate these possibilities the response of ethanol on pulmonary retention was determined and the responses of both the trachea and bronchial airways were measured after either oral administration of metaproterenol or inhalation of sulfuric acid mist. In the healthy nonchallenged lung, the velocity of mucociliary transport in the trachea was related to the percentage of activity cleared from the lung in two hours. Indices representing different portions of the pulmonary retention curve were also correlated. Changes in this interdependence of mucociliary transport within airways were produced by all agents. Metaproterenol increased tracheal mucus velocity but not lung clearance. Alcohol changed pulmonary retention in both magnitude and direction depending on the individual, resulting in an increase in variability of pulmonary mucociliary clearance between persons. Thus, to evaluate the effects of drugs or pollutants on the lower respiratory tract, measurements of mucociliary transport should be made in both the trachea and the bronchial airways. PMID- 7307631 TI - Lung mucociliary clearance in patients wit Young's syndrome. AB - Lung mucociliary clearance was measured in 14 patients with primary obstructive azoospermia and chest involvement (Young's syndrome) using the objective, in vivo radioaerosol technique. Lung mucociliary transport was significantly reduced in patients with Young's syndrome compared to 14 control subjects matched for physical characteristics, tobacco consumption and initial topographic distribution of tracer particles within the lungs. This finding indirectly supports the hypothesis that congenital abnormality in the propulsion of sperm in the ciliated epididymis results in the absence of sperm in the ejaculate. PMID- 7307632 TI - Mucociliary transport and ultrastructural abnormalities in Polynesian bronchiectasis. AB - Ciliated bronchial or nasal epithelium from 20 Polynesian bronchiectatic patients was examined in an electron microscope. In all patients there was a partial or complete loss of dynein arms. Also, in many patients other ciliary abnormalities were present with a high proportion, often over 25%, of cilia affected. This contrasts with a control group where ciliary abnormalities were infrequent. Mucociliary clearance, measured by imaging 99mTc sulfide dust with a gamma camera, was either absent or markedly reduced in these bronchiectatic patients. PMID- 7307633 TI - Theoretic analysis of sites of aerosol deposition in the human lung. AB - A new model of aerosol deposition in the human lungs has been developed. It incorporates the deposition probability equations of Landahl and Findeisen in the Horsfield Asymmetric Model 1 of the lung. The deposition model takes into account the regional distribution of ventilation by incorporating principles of ventilatory mechanics into the determination of flow distribution in the lung. Calculations are performed for a 4 micrometers aerosol inhaled with a breathing pattern consisting of a 1,000 ml tidal volume and an average inspiratory flow of 500 ml/sec. A ventilation gradient from base to apex of 1.10 is assigned. The results show that deposition by impaction dominates in the large airways, while deposition by sedimentation dominates in the small airways and alveoli. Calculations of surface concentrations of particles deposited in the airways reveal that the segmental and subsegmental bronchi receive the highest concentrations. The gradient of particles deposited per unit lung volume from base to apex equals 1.13 which is very close to the ventilation gradient. The new model is the first attempt to assess the distribution of deposited particles in an asymmetric model of the lung, using a realistic distribution of ventilation. PMID- 7307630 TI - The effects of irritant aerosols on mucus clearance from large and small conductive airways. AB - The effects of one hour exposures of healthy nonsmoking human volunteers to submicrometer H2SO4 droplets via nasal mask on tracheobronchial mucociliary particle clearance were studied using two different sized monodisperse gamma tagged Fe2O3 test aerosols. The larger sized Fe2O3 aerosol, 7.5 micrometers AMAD, was deposited primarily in the larger bronchial airways, while the smaller 4 micrometers AMAD aerosol had a much greater fraction deposited in the smaller and more distal conductive airways. Thoracic retention of the Fe2O3 aerosols as a function of time after a brief inhalation was measured with external collimated radiation detectors. At the highest H2SO4 exposure, 1,000 micrograms/m3, there was a pronounced transient slowing of bronchial mucociliary clearance of both the 7.5 and 4 micrometers Fe2O3. On the other hand, at the lowest H2SO4 concentration, 100 micrograms/m3, there was a marked acceleration of the clearance of the 7.5 micrometers Fe2O3, but a slowing of the clearance of the 4 micrometers Fe2O3. Thus, submicrometer H2SO4, which deposits primarily in the distal airways, can slow mucociliary clearance in those airways. In the larger airways, where its deposition is minimal, the H2SO4 can, at the same time, accelerate mucus transport. PMID- 7307634 TI - Physical properties of therapeutic aerosols. AB - This work describes results of measurements made to determine the size distribution of commonly used medical aerosols and the effect of high humidity on size distribution of some of those aerosols. If therapeutic aerosol particles change size considerably at high humidity, deposition quantity and site in the respiratory tract could be altered. If there is little change in size at high humidity, deposition could be estimated using theoretical deposition methods devised for deposition of stable particles. The results of this work suggest that the aerosol produced by most metered dose bronchodilator devices does not change size very much at high humidity. PMID- 7307635 TI - Differences between pressurized aerosol and stable dust particles. PMID- 7307636 TI - Improving the bronchial deposition of pressurized aerosols. PMID- 7307637 TI - Optimal delivery of aerosols from metered dose inhalers. PMID- 7307638 TI - Basis of an improved metered aerosol delivery system. PMID- 7307639 TI - Spinal tumors and hydrocephalus. AB - Spinal tumors associated with hydrocephalus is a rare condition. The clinical, radiological and pathological features of 6 such cases are reported and correlated with those already published. Hyperproteinorrhachia and arachnoiditis, with basal or cortical blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways have been consistently found and the subsequent hydrocephalus seems to be unrelated to the level, location or the pathology of the spinal lesion. PMID- 7307640 TI - Pathogenesis of congenital midline porencephaly. AB - A recent report in this journal described 5 children with holoprosencephaly, parietal scalp anomalies and midline intracranial cysts. The authors coined the term 'congenital midline porencephaly' for the clinical syndrome and described the cysts as diverticula of hydrocephalic lateral ventricles. This report describes 3 further children with the same syndrome. The author proposes that the midline cyst is simply a variant of the dorsal cyst reported in other cases of holoprosencephaly. It is further concluded that the cyst arises from primary dysgenesis of cerebral midline structures and is not the result of hydrocephalus. The monoventricle and cyst in these children have the CT scan appearance of the head of a primitive arrow. This 'arrowhead' sign may be helpful in the diagnosis of holoprosencephaly with congenital midline porencephaly. PMID- 7307641 TI - Electroencephalographical-anatomical correlation of brain tumours in infancy and childhood. AB - EEG correlated with anatomical aspects of 198 brain tumours in children gave the following results in hemispheric neoplasms: a rather precise location in 40% of the cases; lateralized in 42%; 14% showed only generalized anomalies and 4% were normal tracings. The findings depended on location and ICP condition, but not on neurological signs nor on histological nature. Basal-midline location (88 tumors) displayed 82.4% abnormal EEGs; 50% pointed to the more invaded hemisphere, mainly from the upper brain stem, ventricles and basal ganglia regions. Hypophyseal tumours gave 50% abnormalities with proved compression of the third ventricle, hypothalamus and cerebral peduncles. In posterior fossa tumours (60 cases), abnormalities are frequent (86.7%), but the localizing value of EEG is uncertain due to bisynchronous bursts mainly in the occipital region; 15% were lateralized with correlating asymmetrical location and/or growth of tumours. Differences compared to adult tumours are mentioned as specially influenced by maturational processes of the brain. PMID- 7307642 TI - Absence of hydrocephalus despite disproportionately increasing head size after the neonatal period in preterm infants with known intraventricular hemorrhage. AB - Of a group of 20 infants weighing less than 1,250 g at birth and surviving with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) documented by computed tomography, 6 exhibited excessive head growth between 6 and 14 weeks after birth with no evidence of neurologic deterioration. Repeat computed tomography was normal in all 6 infants. Rapid head growth after the immediate neonatal period can be expected in some infants with a history of lesser degrees of IVH and is not in itself indicative of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. PMID- 7307643 TI - Recurrent thrombotic deterioration in the Sturge-Weber syndrome. AB - Hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopia and intellectual impairment are common features of the Sturge-Weber syndrome. While cerebrovascular thromboses have been noted with the syndrome, the pattern of recurrent thrombotic episodes producing an apparently gradual loss of function is not widely appreciated. The most important implication of this concept is the possibility of developing new methods of treatment, such as antiplatelet agents. PMID- 7307644 TI - Congenital multiple angiomatosis with brain involvement. AB - A case of congenital multiple angiomatosis with cerebral involvement is presented. Postmortem investigation showed identical angiomas on skin and brain. The cerebral vascular tumor has caused altered vascularization of the hemisphere, resulting in a development arrest of the corpus callosum and a fetal appearance of the parietal and temporal vessels. PMID- 7307645 TI - [HLA and childhood asthma (author's transl)]. AB - In order to study the relationship between human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and the occurrence of childhood bronchial asthma in Chinese, HLA typings were done, by using commercially available HLA immunoplates (Behring, West Germany), in 99 children with allergic bronchial asthma who attended the allergy clinic of the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and had been receiving hyposensitization. The results showed: (1) There was no difference in the frequency of HL-A antigens between patients and normals, (2) while HLA-B5 appeared more frequently in patients than in normals (relative risk 2.28-3.18, chi 2 = 15.39, p less than 0.001), HLA-B17 was less often seen in patients than in normals (relative risk 0.19, chi 2 = 33.49 p less than 0.001). It is, therefore, concluded that in Chinese, individuals carrying HLA-B5 have higher chance to be affected by bronchial asthma and those carrying HLA-B17 are less likely to become asthmatics in their childhood. PMID- 7307646 TI - Immunological studies of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia. AB - In order to study the immunocompetence of severely jaundiced newborn infants and the possible role of infection in the pathogenesis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, 74 newborn infants with varying degree of jaundice were studied with respect to several immunological parameters. The results showed that neonates with total serum bilirubin more than 20 mg/dl had statistically significantly higher numbers of white blood cells (WBCs), band form granulocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes with Fc and complement (C') receptors and elevated serum IgM than did those with lower serum bilirubin. It is therefore concluded: 1) There is no difference in immunocompetence between severely and mildly jaundiced newborn infants, 2) Infection may play some role(s) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and 3) Determinations of total WBCs, band form granulocytes, phagocytes with Fc and C' receptors and serum IgM level are of help in the diagnosis of infection in the newborn period. PMID- 7307649 TI - [Treatment of multiple injuries of the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 7307648 TI - [The association of Streptococcus mutans with human dental caries (author's transl)]. AB - To investigate association of Streptococcus mutans with human dental caries, 323 adolescent students of Chung Shan Medical & Dental college were examined for decayed missing filled of tooth (DMFT) and then plaques were taken from their first and second upper molar's approximal surface using sterilized dental floss for S. mutans isolation. The result showed that among the 269 caries-active individuals 246 (94.98%) had detectable S. mutans, whereas among the 64 caries free individuals only 23 (35.93%) were found positive, which showed significant association between plaque levels of S. mutans and dental caries (p less than 0.0001). Although the value is a little higher than that found in other literatures but has no statistically significant difference. PMID- 7307647 TI - Nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli encountered in specimens of obstetric patients: characterization, antibiotic sensitivity and clinical significance. PMID- 7307650 TI - [Treatment of ununited intertrochanteric fractures of the femur]. PMID- 7307651 TI - [Effect of the structure of the bone plates and screws produced by Microhuta Dabrowa Gornicza on their mechanical properties and clinical usefulness]. PMID- 7307652 TI - [Experimental tensometric studies of Polish self-compressive bone plates]. PMID- 7307653 TI - [Arm injuries in textile industry workers]. PMID- 7307654 TI - [Contribution to conservative treatment of clavicular fractures]. PMID- 7307655 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of the Stack apparatus]. PMID- 7307657 TI - [Distance angle of the femur head from the bottom of the acetabulum after surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation in children]. PMID- 7307656 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of tibial osteotomy in the treatment of gonarthrosis]. PMID- 7307658 TI - [Remote results of treatment of Perthes' disease by the functional method]. PMID- 7307659 TI - [Measurement of hip joint loading under anatomical conditions]. PMID- 7307660 TI - [Variations in the radiological image of the lumbosacral spine]. PMID- 7307661 TI - [Results of the treatment of primary tumors of the spine]. PMID- 7307663 TI - [Occurrence of action potentials in the calf muscles of children with clubfoot during walking]. PMID- 7307662 TI - [Blood supply of the finger flexor tendons inside the synovial bursa]. PMID- 7307664 TI - [Amputation of the lower limbs in Bydgoszcz Province]. PMID- 7307665 TI - [Geriatric problems of patients over 65 years treated for musculoskeletal injuries]. PMID- 7307666 TI - [Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome]. PMID- 7307667 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the clavicle]. PMID- 7307668 TI - Microbiological investigation of 161 cases of hip endo-arthroprosthesis failure. PMID- 7307669 TI - [Importance of orthopedics in the problems of heredity of autoregulation and functional compensations]. PMID- 7307670 TI - [Winged scapula caused by acquired retraction of the deltoid muscle]. PMID- 7307671 TI - [Primary hemangioendothelioma of the bone]. PMID- 7307672 TI - [Etiopathogenetic research on epiphysiolysis]. PMID- 7307673 TI - [Scaglietti's osteotomy and that of Imhauser-Southwick in the sequels of epiphysiolysis. Comparative evaluation]. PMID- 7307674 TI - [Volkmann's syndrome of the lower extremity. Early bloodless treatment]. PMID- 7307675 TI - [The M.C.L. non-cemented hip prosthesis. II]. PMID- 7307676 TI - [Talalgia and calcaneal spurs: classification and etiopathogenetic theories]. PMID- 7307677 TI - [Our experience in the treatment of closed fractures of the tibial plateau]. PMID- 7307679 TI - [A case of ischemic retraction of the musculature of the thenar eminence]. PMID- 7307678 TI - [The Ender nail in fractures of the proximal end of the femur]. PMID- 7307681 TI - [Recurrent dislocation of the ulnar nerve at the elbow (an unusual non-traumatic case)]. PMID- 7307680 TI - [A case of osteoid osteoma of the proximal phalanx of the hand]. PMID- 7307685 TI - [Joint replacement in the hand and finger region]. PMID- 7307682 TI - [Biomechanical principles of joint replacement]. PMID- 7307684 TI - [Hip replacement]. PMID- 7307683 TI - [Replacement of the large body joints (other than hip)]. PMID- 7307686 TI - [Results and experiences with esophagectomy by blunt dissection]. AB - Esophagectomy by blunt dissection is performed on patients with cervical and distal esophageal carcinoma and with extended carcinoma of the cardia. Further indications are lye strictures and in selected cases recurrent bleeding from esophageal varices. The results are demonstrated of 40 patients who have undergone surgery and the experiences are discussed. PMID- 7307687 TI - [The appendix stump insufficiency. Clinical appearance forms and treatment]. AB - Early manifestation of insufficiency of the appendiceal stump appearing as a diffuse peritonitis with a septicemic general state has led to the death of 6 of 10 patients treated here. One has to suppose that these complications have additional unknown causes. Insufficiency of the stump, with or without necrosis of the cecum, can only be discovered with active procedures and than treated in the appropriate way. Each of these patients has been lost when there has been no courage for reintervention or even an excuse for providing intensive medical treatment with respiration aid and hemodialysis. As a rule, the fecal fistula appears during postoperative days 5-8 without diffuse peritonitis and should be treated in a conservative way; spontaneous fading away should be expected and operative occlusion should not be started before a 3 month interval. PMID- 7307688 TI - [Prevention of complications in the spring nailing according to Ender and Simon Weidner]. AB - Since 1977, the Ender and Simon-Weidner nailing technique has been increasingly used at the Surgical University Clinic in Tubingen. This is an simple, gentle, low-risk procedure for surgical stabilization of pertrochanter femoral fractures and fractures of the lateral femoral neck in elderly people. Errors in external rotation are not always avoidable with this procedure, but they are tolerated with a lower surgical mortality than in the more complex method of osteosynthesis. Intraoperative complications are caused by faulty positioning, bad reposition of the fracture, false selection of the pinning site and nail length as well as insufficient splaying of the nails in the femoral head. Postoperative complications occur with distal as well as cranial displacement of the nails. Further complications are caused by placing a normal burden on the fracture too quickly and by the necessity of changing nails. Instructions will be given as to how these errors can be avoided. PMID- 7307690 TI - [Reflux in Wirsung's duct during peroperative radiocholangiomanometry]. PMID- 7307691 TI - [Experimental autotransplant of the sinoatrial node in the area of the coronary sinus]. PMID- 7307692 TI - [Changes of rhythm after ligation of the arteries of the sinoatrial node and simultaneous sectioning of the internodal tracts in the dog heart]. PMID- 7307693 TI - [Value and limitations of colonoscopy]. PMID- 7307689 TI - [Abdominal intersphincteric rectum excision]. PMID- 7307694 TI - [Experimental research on the use of tissue adhesives in reparative surgery of the bladder]. PMID- 7307695 TI - [Postoperative pulmonary infections: role of antibiotic treatment]. PMID- 7307696 TI - [Diagnostic problems in sigmoido-vesical fistulas complicating diverticulosis of the colon]. PMID- 7307697 TI - [Preoperative bioptic diagnosis of breast pathology]. PMID- 7307698 TI - [Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast (clinical, radiological, pathological and therapeutic correlations)]. PMID- 7307699 TI - [The use of tissue adhesives in surgical repair of the colon. Experimental studies]. PMID- 7307701 TI - [Protocol of the surgical treatment of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7307700 TI - [Autotransplant of liver in the pancreas]. PMID- 7307702 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of intraoperative cholangiomanometry]. PMID- 7307703 TI - [A rare case of epidermoid cyst of the renal pelvis]. PMID- 7307704 TI - [Chronic idiopathic gastric volvulus. Clinical, radiological, therapeutic aspects. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 7307705 TI - [Protocol of the surgical treatment of breast carcinoma of stage T1a No N1a Mo (controlled clinical trial)]. PMID- 7307706 TI - [Ovarian tumors in children and adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307707 TI - [Preliminary inquiries into the methods for prediction of fetal sex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307708 TI - [Clinical pathological and roentgenological manifestations of pulmonary metastasis of choriocarcinoma and malignant mole (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307709 TI - [Fetal movement recording use as a monitor of high risk pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307710 TI - [The mechanism of action of vacation pills (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307711 TI - [The ultrastructure of normal and pre-eclamptic placenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307712 TI - [Clinical analysis of 120 cases of primary amenorrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307713 TI - [Heterologous radioimmunoassay for human chorionic somatomammotrophin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307714 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the uterus and pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307715 TI - Chronoepidemiological search for circannual changes in the sexual activity of human males. AB - Indirect evidence of circannual (about 1-year) rhythms in the sexual activity of human males was examined utilizing the data of reported rapes in Paris, France, for 1972-78, and Houston, Texas, for 1974-75. In addition, data were available for nearly a 10-year span from Houston, Texas, as the monthly detections of the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) of syphilis and gonorrhea. The results of conventional and cosinor techniques revealed circannual rhythms in the occurrence of rape in both Paris and Houston. With regard to the former sample of 836 reported rapes, cosinor analysis revealed a circannual 0 of July 1, with the 95% CI extending from June 10 to July 20. For Houston, based upon a sample of 1,133 reported rapes, the circannual 0 occurred slightly later, around September 1, with the 95% CI extending from August 15 to September 15. Even though the overall yearly totals of reported rape differed by 4-fold between the 2 cities, the A of the circannual rhythms when expressed relative to the respective M were nearly identical, being 21.6% for Paris and 21.4% for Houston. The data on STD (3,024 cases of primary syphilis and 179,064 cases of gonorrhea), when analyzed by cosinor analysis, also revealed circannual rhythmicity. For gonorrhea, a circannual 0 of October 5, with the 95% CI from July 6 to September 4, was found; for primary syphilis the circannual 0 was somewhat delayed, occurring on November 11, with the 95% CI between October 10 and December 3. These findings, considered together with the reported observations by others of circannual rhythms in plasma testosterone and sexual activity in males as well as the sales of over-the counter contraceptives, etc., imply that man may be regarded as a seasonal breeder, becoming more sexually active when the photoperiod becomes reduced, i.e. in the autumn. These observations provide new insight into the (chrono)epidemiology of rape and STD. PMID- 7307716 TI - Rhythmic changes of some lysosomal hydrolases activity from rat liver. Rhythmic changes of acid phosphatase synthesis. AB - The activity of acid phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.2.), arylsulfatase (E.C.3.1.1.23.), beta-galactosidase (E.C.3.1.1.23.), and beta-acetylglucosaminidase (E.C.3.2.1.30.) in rat liver homogenates of 4.5 month-old male rats is presented in this paper. The degradation processes are observed in rat liver homogenate after incubation. The activity of acid phosphatase and beta-acetylglucosaminidase increases, the activity in one of beta-galactosidase is constant, and arylsulfatase decreases during the time of incubation. Furthermore, the maxima of the enzyme activities shift during the incubation in the time of a day. Gel filtration of acid phosphatase on the Sephadex G-150 Superfine and DEAE-cellulose columns determinate the mutual content of acid phosphatase subunits to isoenzymes I and II in various points of a day. The greatest content of acid phosphatase subunits versus both the isoenzymes content is at 02(24), and the greatest content of isoenzyme II versus the content of isoenzymes I appears at 07(12). From these data it is clear that the period of the isoenzyme II synthesis from the subunit amounts to 5 h, while 10 h are necessary to create the isoenzyme I originated from isoenzyme II. The comparison of acid phosphatase activity before and after the homogenate filtration on the Sephadex column indicates the increase of this enzyme activity after its separation from the other proteins and other components. PMID- 7307717 TI - Circadian rhythms of Blattella germanica L. as determined by microcalorimetry. AB - Circadian rhythms of the male cockroach Blattella germanica L. have been observed in thermograms recorded from a microcalorimeter. These endogenous rhythms developed in unentrained individuals after 2 or more 24-h periods without light at 20 degrees C in the microcalorimeter. The rhythm can also be entrained with standard conditions LD 12:12 for a 3-day period. PMID- 7307718 TI - Toward a chronopsy: Part III. Automatic monitoring of rectal, axillary and breast surface temperature and of wrist activity; effects of age and of ambulatory surgery followed by nosocomial infection. AB - Data of core and breast surface temperature and motor activity collected automatically with ambulatory devices, reveal circadian rhythms of different prominence in these various potential chronobiologic markers. Chronobiologic serial sections further allow the study of any alterations of the circadian rhythm parameters following ambulatory surgery. An approach using miniaturized instrumentation and methods of time series analysis may signal the danger of postoperative complications and, if it prompts timely preventive measures, may increase the safety of ambulatory surgery in particular. PMID- 7307719 TI - Circadian murine ouabain chronotolerance revisited. AB - Data published earlier on a possible circadian variation in murine susceptibility to intravenously-administered ouabain and analyzed by conventional biometric methods, were reanalyzed by cosinor procedures. A statistically significant circadian rhythm could thus be demonstrated, contradicting the earlier conclusion that there was no circadian rhythm in susceptibility to ouabain when injected intravenously. Results from this reanalysis agreed with those from previous investigations in which ouabain was injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Thus, a circadian rhythm characterizes murine susceptibility to ouabain given via 3 different routes. PMID- 7307720 TI - [Resection of polyps through fibrocolonoscope with high frequency electric coagulation--experience with 81 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307721 TI - [Treatment of choledocholithiasis and papillary stricture by fibroduodenoscopic sphincterotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307722 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307723 TI - [A report on removal of foreign bodies from upper gastrointestinal tract through endoscope in 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307724 TI - [Crohn's diseases. II. Pathologic analysis of 60 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307725 TI - [Analysis of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography in 55 normal persons (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307726 TI - [A discussion of the early clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis--a clinical analysis of 570 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307727 TI - [Observation of clinical therapeutic effect of ethyl 4(5)-imidazolecarboxylate in 474 cases of leptospirosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307729 TI - [Clinical analysis of 940 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307728 TI - [A pathological and clinical study of primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307730 TI - [Cerebral hemorrhage resulting from hypertensive arteriosclerosis--analysis of 1,003 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307731 TI - [A follow-up study for 12-35 months in 228 patients with apoplexy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307733 TI - [Observation of the effect of poly I:C in treating persistent and chronic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307732 TI - [The therapeutic effect of betahistine hydrochloride in treating 81 cases of cerebral thrombosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307735 TI - [Clinical analysis of 17 cases of Mallory-Weiss syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307734 TI - [An analysis of clinical data of 100 cases of atrophic gastritis and a discussion on the problem of its immunological classification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307736 TI - [Clinical observation of 45 cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307737 TI - [Estimation of plasma bound globulin in 32 cases of aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307738 TI - [Clinical analysis of 360 cases of decompression diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307739 TI - [The pharmacological and clinical research of a new drug, pyracoine phosphate, for rescuing fulminant cerebral malaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307740 TI - [The problems in the diagnosis and treatment of transient ischemic attack of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307741 TI - [Lecture: immunology and internal medicine---the immunologic in pathogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307742 TI - [The clinical significance of bleeding in acute leukemia and a discussion on its causative factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307744 TI - [Estimation of serum osmolarity with FM model freezing point osmometer and analysis of clinical data in 800 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307743 TI - [Analysis of 51 cases of acute non-lymphocytic leukemias treated with combined program of Chinese traditional medicine and HOAP (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307745 TI - [Crohn's disease---differential diagnosis with intestinal tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307746 TI - [Clinical study of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook in treating glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307747 TI - [Uric acid nephropathy---report of 20 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307748 TI - [A report of 8 cases of poisoning with Nassarius succinctus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307749 TI - [Lectures: the interaction between endocrinology and internal medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307750 TI - [The estimation of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and its preliminary clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307751 TI - [Comparison of the sensitivity of eight indices (closing volume, flow volume curve, etc.) in diagnosing small airway disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307752 TI - [Clinical analysis of 103 cases of acute myocardial infarction complicated by conduction defects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307753 TI - [The value of radioimmunoassay of myoglobin in the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307754 TI - [Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism: an analysis of 23 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307755 TI - [Clinical analysis of 24 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307756 TI - [Diagnostic problems in tuberculosis with abdominal mass as its presenting symptom, with a clinicopathologic analysis of 15 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307757 TI - [The practical value of erythrocyte antibody rosette test in patient with hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307758 TI - [Experiences of aged physician of Chinese traditional medicine: "treatment according to its symptom" in several chronic inflammatory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307759 TI - [The problem of acid-base dysequilibrium in patients with respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307763 TI - [Clinicopathological study on a case of multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307760 TI - [Review of Chinese literature on multiple sclerosis and demyelinization cerebral diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307761 TI - [Clinical features of multiple-sclerosis---clinical analysis of 141 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307762 TI - [Disorder of body image in multiple sclerosis patients---report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307765 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis---report of 5 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307766 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis associated with astrocytoma---report of a case studied by postmortem examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307764 TI - [Encephalitis periaxialis concentrica(Balo's disease)---report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307767 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis for cerebral hydatid cyst---analysis of 18 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307770 TI - [Symptoms of primary importance in the diagnosis of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307768 TI - [Overinclusive thinking in schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307769 TI - [Treatment of depression with domestic amitriptyline (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307771 TI - [Factors influencing the prognosis of schizophrenia in adolescents and children-- a report of 118 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307773 TI - [Clinical and roentgenological study of microsurgical operations for treating occlusion of middle cerebral artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307772 TI - [Follow-up study on the ischemic cerebrovascular diseases treated with extracranial-intracranial arterial anastomosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307775 TI - [Anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery in treating ischemic cerebrovascular disease---report of 60 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307774 TI - [Extracranial-intracranial arterial anastomosis in the treatment of cerebral ischemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307776 TI - [Microsurgical operation in the treatment of occlusive cerebrovascular diseases of carotid arterial system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307777 TI - [Clinical analysis of 17 cases of cerebral echinococcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307779 TI - [Effect of radiation on meningioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307778 TI - [Analysis of 263 cases of trigeminal neuralgia treated with surgical operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307780 TI - [Mixed tumor consisting of intracranial meningioma and glioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307781 TI - [Experimental rabbit model of myasthenia gravis produced with acetylcholine receptor of nicotinic type from the "generating organ" of electric ray (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307782 TI - [Treatment of myasthenia gravis with immune drugs and immunological observations on 31 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307785 TI - [Clinical analysis of 113 cases of myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307783 TI - [Treatment of myasthenia gravis with immunosuppressants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307784 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and thymoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307786 TI - [A survey of minimal brain dysfunction in children of 11 primary schools and kindergartens in East Hill District of Guangzhou (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307787 TI - [Analysis of 35 cases of mental disturbances due to alcoholism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307789 TI - [Radiation necrosis of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307788 TI - [Negative speech and behavior in schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307790 TI - [A clinical study of electric shock therapy of epileptic mental disturbances -- analysis of 32 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307791 TI - [Experiences of electric shock therapy carried out in the out-patient department - clinical analysis of 800 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307792 TI - [Observation on the long term effect of radiotherapy of medulloblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307795 TI - [Methods of sampling hydrogen sulfide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307794 TI - [Survey on endemic foci of melioidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307793 TI - [Persistent radiation necrosis of the brain simulating brain tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307798 TI - [Cyanide content in the juice of sour bamboo shoot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307796 TI - [Study of methods for establishing allowable concentrations of pneumoconiosis dusts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307797 TI - [Study on diet for institutional children in Beijing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307799 TI - [An investigation of asbestosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307800 TI - [Studies on foods fortified with L-ascorbic acid derivatives. I. Preparation and properties of L-ascorbic phosphate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307801 TI - [A method of differential diagnosis by ratio of frequencies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307802 TI - [The relationship between different types of diet and blood cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307803 TI - [Study on environmental noise pollution in Qingdao (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307804 TI - [Residual organochlorine in snow and rain (author' transl)]. PMID- 7307805 TI - [A study of problems of formulating the nitrate criteria in drinking water (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307806 TI - [Microwave cataract (a case report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307807 TI - [Preliminary investigation on toxoplasmosis in Beijing District (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307808 TI - [Preliminary report on disease surveillance in East City, Beijing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307809 TI - [An investigation on the prevalence an treatment of ancylostomiasis in Jin Zhou area (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307810 TI - [Observations of 105 late cases of silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307811 TI - [Case-control study of 100 gastric cancer cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307812 TI - [Serological method for rubella and its application in rubella surveillance of certain sections of population (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307813 TI - [Experimental study on fibrotic effect by oil shale in Fushun region (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307814 TI - [Case-control study of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307815 TI - [A study on the relationship between blood-fat and relevant factors in 1,481 workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307816 TI - [Observations on the infection and therapy of Enterobius vermicularis among kingdergarten children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307817 TI - [Experimental studies on toxicity and teratogenicity of "Simazine" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307818 TI - [The application of orthogonal experimental design in medical research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307819 TI - [Experimental study on pneumoconiosis by coal dust and other mineral dusts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307820 TI - [Stage III asbestosis with massive fibrosis: a clinicopathological case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307822 TI - [Study on the bone development of hand and wrist among children and adolescents in rural areas of Shanxi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307821 TI - [Observations on the reactions following vaccination of the inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine from tissue culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307823 TI - [Investigations on distributional relationship between Keshan disease and Se feficiency in animals in Shanxi Province (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307824 TI - [Preliminary observation on tertian malaria with prolonged incubation period in Liaoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307825 TI - [A report of 58 cases of human trichinosis caused by eating raw bear meat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307826 TI - [Determination of hazardous components in the smoke of liquified petroleum gas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307830 TI - [Determination of saliva lysozyme activities of children in polluted industrial areas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307828 TI - [An investigation on cerebral beriberi in Ganzhou District (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307827 TI - [Observations on immune persistence after vaccination with attenuated polio vaccine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307829 TI - [A study of clinical radiology of "Egg Shell" calcification of the hilar lymph nodes in silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307831 TI - [Pathogenic leptospiras isolated from various surface waters (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307832 TI - [A study on the influence of arsenic polluted drinking water on human health (author transl)]. PMID- 7307833 TI - [A survey on the mercurial content of six kinds of fish from fishpond (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307834 TI - [Experience of replantation of traumatic amputation of 121 fingers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307835 TI - [A new method of treatment for Legg-Perthes disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307836 TI - [Tibial lengthening: report of 25 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307837 TI - [Surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysm of aortic sinus in 51 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307838 TI - [Peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb: an analysis of 87 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307839 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysms of extracranial carotid artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307840 TI - [Normothermic total hepatic vascular exclusion for hepatectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307841 TI - [Observations of biliary stone with scanning electron microscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307842 TI - [Urethral caruncle treated with local application of stilbestrol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307843 TI - [Acute circulatory failure after endotracheal intubation during anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307844 TI - [Experiences in diagnosis and treatment of cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307845 TI - ["Hand reconstruction" by autotransplantation of toes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307846 TI - Czechoslovak nuclear medicine, development and present state. PMID- 7307847 TI - Czechoslovak radiobiology--some remarks to the actual state and prospects. PMID- 7307848 TI - Bone marrow scintigraphy in hemopoietic depletion states. AB - Bone marrow scintigraphy was performed in 29 patients with hemopoietic depletion states of various etiology. Two tracers were used for visualization of the marrow: 99mTc-sulphur-colloid and 111InCl3, some patients being examined by both indicators. 111InCl3 is bound on transferrin and is adsorbed on the surface of reticulocytes and erythroblasts). The scintillation camera PHO GAMMA SEARLE IV fitted with moving table and computer CLINCOM was used, so that whole body images were obtained. The comparison of all scans and marrow puncture smears was done. In patients with aplastic anemia with both hyperplastic or hypoplastic marrow good correlation of bone marrow scans and sternal puncture smears was found. In several cases the scintigraphic examination helped to establish a diagnosis of marrow depletion state. A peculiar disadvantage of the imaging method with either 99mTc-sulphur-colloid or 111InCl3 is that it shows the disorders in erythropoietic and reticuloendothelial cells, whereas the defects in myelopoietic cell series and platelet precursors are not provable. According to literature data, great attention is paid to the prognostic value of scintigraphic examination in aplastic anemia. PMID- 7307849 TI - The value of combination of bone scanning and measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen in diagnosis of breast cancer metastases. AB - The authors compared the results of bone scintigraphy and determination of CEA levels in a group consisting of 167 patients suffering from breast cancer with suspect distant metastases. The high agreement (79%) in results of both of examinations increase the diagnostic reliability of distant metastases. In the case of disagreement the bone scanning should be considered as a more sensitive method. The elevated CEA levels at negative or only uncertain bone scintigraphy results most often prove the present of distant metastases outside the skeleton. PMID- 7307850 TI - Study of radiation dose fractionation in some tumor types. AB - In the presented work we have tested another fractionation schemes than simple fractionation in some so-called radioresistant tumors, i. e. in breast cancer and malignant melanoma. We have found the advantage of the irradiation with divided series (split irradiation) namely in malignant skin melanoma where we gained therapeutic results with 58% 5-year survival. Periodical irradiation especially with higher fractions once a week had encouraging success in advanced stages of the breast cancer where a single fraction of 8 Gy/tumor up to total dose of 40 Gy/tumor was determined as optimal. With the use of higher fractions more pronounced late postirradiation changes are to be expected. Fraction schemes were compared using NSD and TDF equations. PMID- 7307851 TI - Endoscopic papillotomy in the treatment of biliary tract disease: 258 procedures and results. AB - Endoscopic papillotomy has been successfully performed in 258 of 267 patients (96.6%) presenting with common duct stones, papillary stenosis, or ampullary adenocarcinoma. A low morbidity was experienced (5%) while mortality was 0.77% (2 deaths). Surgical intervention was necessary in 2 patients. The mean age of the group is 66.4 years (range 26-95 years), while the mean hospital stay remains low at 3 days (range 1-12) days. The procedure has proven to be safe and effective, creating a permanent biliary enteric fistula comparable to standard surgical procedures, but does not require a laparotomy/duodenotomy. Eliminating the latter reduces morbidity, immobility, and convalescence. Papillotomy is not a procedure to be performed by inexperienced endoscopists as it is the only endoscopic procedure with predictable morbidity and mortality. In order to maintain the progress achieved to date, papillotomy should be performed by those with extensive endoscopic experience in the diagnostic area before embarking onto the therapeutic procedure. PMID- 7307854 TI - [14C]Aminopyrine breath test in chronic liver disease: preliminary diagnostic implications. AB - The [14C]aminopyrine breath test (APBT) score, an estimate of hepatic mixed oxidase function, was evaluated in 21 consecutive patients wih active nonalcoholic chronic liver diseases. Ten had primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 11 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The APBT score was normal or elevated in patients with PBC (P less than 0.001), and lower than normal in CAH patients (P less than 0.01); 10.5 +/- 1.6 and 3.5 +/- 1.86, respectively, vs control 7.65 +/- 1.15 (mean +/- SD). The 11 patients with CAH included two middle-aged women who displayed ambiguous severe intrahepatic cholestasis. There was no overlap between the APBT scores of the 10 PBC and 11 CAH patients. These initial data suggest that the APBT may be helpful in the differentiation of PBC and CAH, including misleading cholestatic forms of CAH. PMID- 7307852 TI - Iced saline lavage does not slow bleeding from experimental canine gastric ulcers. AB - The efficacy and safety of iced saline lavage for upper gastrointestinal bleeding is unproven. In this study, canine stomachs were lavaged in vivo to determine whether iced saline staunched bleeding from mechanically induced acute gastric ulcers. Each animal served as its own control. Bleeding rates were measured during an initial period of saline lavage at 37 degrees C. Saline at 4 degrees C, with or without added norepinephrine, was no more effective than saline at 37 degrees C in decreasing the rate of gastric hemorrhage. These data do not support the clinical practice of lavaging with iced saline or norepinephrine-containing solutions in human gastric hemorrhage. PMID- 7307853 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic changes during stimulation of ileal motility. AB - Hemodynamic and metabolic responses of the mesenteric circulation were studied during infusion of agents known to stimulate intestinal motility. Agents were infused intraarterially in graded doses and included acetylcholine, angiotensin II, prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin F2-alpha, methionine-enkephalin, and morphine. Measurements were made of blood flow to the ileal portion of the small intestine, arteriovenous oxygen content difference, fractional distribution of radiolabeled microspheres to the muscularis, and intraluminal pressure. The clearance of 86Rb was determined in some experiments. From these measurements we calculated oxygen consumption, fractional blood flow to the muscularis, permeability and surface area product (PS-product), and the mean motility index. All agents increased mean motility index to varying degrees. At comparable levels of increased mean motility index with each drug, there were variable degrees of increase or decrease or no change in the other parameters between drugs. Mesenteric hemodynamic and metabolic responses to these dissimilar stimuli of motor activity reflected mainly the vasoactive properties of each agent. This suggests that increased motor activity has little influence on the mesenteric circulation. PMID- 7307855 TI - Properties and hepatic metabolism of non-transferrin-bound iron. AB - These experiments have examined the physical properties and the hepatic uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron, a fraction found in the serum of untreated primary hemochromatosis patients. Ultrafiltration, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and TLC have demonstrated the non-transferrin-bound iron complex to have a molecular weight less than 1000 and to be distinct from free iron and amino acid iron complexes. Hepatic iron uptake from serum containing non-transferrin-bound iron was significantly higher than from the same serum sample from which the abnormal iron had been removed. Non-transferrin-bound iron entering the liver was localized to the lysosomal fraction in the first hour and was subsequently incompletely incorporated into ferritin. The results demonstrated an abnormal uptake of this iron fraction by the liver and suggest that the abnormal serum fraction may contribute to tissue damage by entering the lysosomes. PMID- 7307856 TI - Measurement of lactate in ascitic fluid: an aid in the diagnosis of peritonitis with particular relevance to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis of the cirrhotic. AB - Lactate concentrations were measured in the ascitic fluid of patients using the Monotest Lactate Kit, an inexpensive, reliable bedside test that gives results within 15 min. The values were significantly higher in 24 patients with proven bacterial peritonitis, eight of them with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, than in 53 patients with uninfected ascites of various other etiologies. In only two patients from the latter group, both with hepatic carcinoma and peritoneal metastases, were the values in the range found in bacterial peritonitis. Lactate determination was at least as sensitive as measurement of WBC levels for diagnosing peritonitis. Serial determinations in two patients with peritonitis showed declining values as the disease responded to treatment. The test has particular relevance for patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, because this disease, which is potentially life-threatening although frequently asymptomatic, requires immediate treatment, yet currently depends on time consuming culture procedures for diagnosis. PMID- 7307858 TI - Effect of mesentericocaval shunt upon globulin levels in the rat. AB - Rats develop hyperglucagonemia after end-to-side portacaval shunt and also after splenocaval shunt. In this study, animals with mesocaval shunt were shown not to develop hyperglobulinemia or increased titers of lipopolysaccharide antibodies. It is currently thought that the hyperglobulinemia of cirrhosis results from diversion of immunogens past the liver into the systemic circulation with stimulation of sites of globulin synthesis. Since all procedures result in development of immune complexes in the systemic circulation, an alternative hypothesis was sought. It is proposed that the liver may regulate antibody production by the spleen but that this mechanism only operates if splenic venous blood passes through the liver. Portacaval shunt and splenocaval shunt result in diversion of splenic venous blood past the liver and, consequently, failure of regulation, while after mesocaval shunt, splenic venous blood still enters the liver and thus the regulatory mechanism could operate. PMID- 7307857 TI - Acute ethanol administration increases biliary concentrations of total and unconjugated bilirubin in rabbits. AB - Epidemiological investigations have revealed that alcoholic cirrhosis is associated with a high frequency of pigment gallstones, but only scanty information is available on the effects of ethanol on biliary secretion of bilirubin. We have injected intravenously 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg body wt of ethanol into six cholecystectomized rabbits and a common bile duct fistula. Experiments were performed ten days after surgery and a stream-splitting apparatus was interposed in the circuit in order to withdraw continuously biliary samples without interruption of enterohepatic bile circulation. Analysis of hourly data showed that both ethanol doses significantly increase the biliary concentration of total bilirubin, without affecting bile flow and lipid composition. Alcohol also promoted the efflux of unconjugated bilirubin into bile. The maximum effect occurred within the first 5 hr following alcohol administration. Thereafter the bile returned to normal. Since excessive concentrations of biliary unconjugated bilirubin favor pigment gallstone development, it can be speculated that alcohol acts as a risk factor for pigment lithiasis by enhancing the biliary levels of this form of pigment. PMID- 7307859 TI - Glucose tolerance and respiratory activities of human liver biopsies: their interdependence. AB - To determine a possible relation of hepatic oxidative activity to glucose metabolism, the rates of oxygen consumption of liver slices from patients with chronic liver diseases were polarographically measured. The livers from patients with chronic (persistent and aggressive) hepatitis and with normal glucose tolerance showed almost the same respiratory activity as those from patients with normal livers and normal glucose tolerance, whereas the livers from patients with chronic hepatitis and with diabetic glucose tolerance (ie, diabetes mellitus secondary to chronic hepatitis) showed only a half the normal level. The decreased rate of respiration was also observed in liver slices from cirrhotics with glucose intolerance. The decrease in respiration was found in patients with normal or hyperinsulinemia as well as hypoinsulinemia responding to oral glucose load. No liver tests so far examined, except the oral glucose tolerance test, correlated with hepatic respiratory activity. It is concluded that in patients with chronic liver diseases the defect of liver respiration has a close relation to the glucose metabolism and is not necessarily associated with histological change of the liver. PMID- 7307862 TI - Cecal fecaloma mimicking colonic neoplasm. PMID- 7307860 TI - Trends in the anatomical distribution of colorectal carcinoma in Hawaii, 1960 1978. AB - The incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma increased in the five major ethnic groups in Hawaii, but more in men than women. The highest rates were in the Chinese and Japanese. The site-specific time trend patterns revealed that the greatest increase occurred in rectosigmoid cancer, followed by cancer of the sigmoid colon and the transverse descending colon. Rectal cancer had minimal changes in rates over time. The comparison of site-specific rates between the Japanese in Hawaii and Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, showed that the occurrence of cancer of the rectosigmoid, sigmoid, and transverse descending colon was far greater in Hawaii than Miyagi with minimal differences in the rates of rectal cancer. The findings from this study indicate that the separate anatomical locations of colorectal cancer probably have some distinct etiologies that need further investigation. PMID- 7307861 TI - A multihormonal tumor of the pancreas producing neurotensin. AB - In a pancreatic adenoma approximately 78.7% of the endocrine cells reacted specifically with antisera to neurotensin, 17.5% to gastrin, 2.8% to pancreatic polypeptide, and 1% to glucagon. The electron microscope revealed that the majority of the endocrine cells were N-cells--morphologically similar to the ileal N-cells which are known to represent the neurotensin-producing cells. Neurotensin was extracted from the tumor and identified by Sephadex, ion exchange, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon cells were also identified by the electron microscope; the peptides were extracted and demonstrated by chromatography. The serum concentrations of these hormones were elevated. After total gastrectomy which was necessary because of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a jejunoesophageal alkaline reflux, reaching the upper esophagus appeared. As intravenous infusion of synthetic neurotensin in rats caused an increase of luminal enteric pressure, it is suggested that severe jejunoesophageal reflux after gastrectomy may be a clinical feature of a neurotensinoma. PMID- 7307864 TI - Clinical manifestations of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. PMID- 7307863 TI - Calcified pseudocyst of the pancreas. AB - Pancreatic pseudocysts are encapsulated collections of fluid which may complicate trauma or inflammation of the pancreas. The correct preoperative diagnosis of the pseudocyst can be established easily by the modern techniques of ultrasonography or computed tomography (1-3). However, recognition of the lesion on plain radiographs of the abdomen is rarely possible because the wall and content of pancreatic pseudocysts do not show a visually perceptible difference in density from the adjacent soft tissues (4). This report concerns an exceptional instance whereby a pancreatic pseudocyst was clearly demarcated by virtue of radiographically detectable calcium deposits in its wall. PMID- 7307865 TI - Development of the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system and its metabolism of warfarin in the perinatal rat. AB - The development of the rat hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase system was investigated by analyzing its components in fetal and young pups of postconceptional age 18-54 days. Cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 concentrations and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and R-warfarin hydroxylase activities were determined as a function of postconceptional age. The cytochromes and reductase were present and increased with age before birth, and major increases were detected in the first 2 days after birth. The cytochrome P-450 concentration increased again markedly at puberty, whereas reductase activity increased before puberty and reached the adult level at puberty. Metabolism of warfarin to specific metabolites indicated that at 37 days postconception the isozyme cytochrome P-450 UT-C began to predominate. Its domination of the hepatic cytochrome P-450 pool increased with age. PMID- 7307866 TI - Adverse reactions to oral cysteamine use in nephropathic cystinosis. AB - Cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) has been given orally to 19 patients with nephropathic cystinosis for periods of 8-24 months in doses ranging from 50 to 70 mg base/kg/day. Adverse reactions were noted in 3 patients early in the study when a rapidly increasing dosage schedule was followed. The reactions included hyperthermia, lethargy and rash. These reactions were not seen when patients were started on a very low dosage which was increased gradually at 3-week intervals to a level which depleted leukocytes of about 90% of their free cystine. All three reactions resolved within 24 h or cessation of therapy and in these cases successful readministration of drug was achieved. Chronic cysteamine administration to pediatric patients with cystinosis is feasible. The efficacy of this therapy is still being evaluated. PMID- 7307867 TI - Liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the pregnant mouse. AB - A 3-fold increase in aldehyde dehydrogenase (A1DH) was found in the cytosolic fraction of mouse liver homogenates during pregnancy. The increase in A1DH activity began at day 10 of pregnancy, peaked at parturition, and declined in a biphasic manner with half-lives of 4.15 and 47.7 days. Enzymes from control (beta A1DH), pregnant (pi A1DH) and phenobarbital-treated (phi AlDH) were partially purified and compared. All had molecular weights of approximately 60,000 daltons. Substrate specificities were similar except that phi A1DH had a lower Km for propionaldehyde than beta or pi and both pi and phi oxidized 4 carboxybenzaldehyde poorly compared to beta. Electrophoretic and thermal denaturation studies showed some similarities between beta and pi, but phi A1DH behaved quite differently. It was concluded that pregnancy caused an increase in one of the A1DHs already present in control mice, while phenobarbital treatment resulted in induction of a unique cytosolic A1DH. PMID- 7307871 TI - Report of the committee on instrumentation and procedures in visual electrophysiology at the request of the Concilium Ophthalmologicum Universale. PMID- 7307868 TI - The kinetics of red blood cell electrolyte alterations following digoxin administration. A report of two pediatric cases. AB - Serial determinations of plasma and red blood cell (RBC) Na+, K+, and Mg++ concentrations were obtained in 2 children following digoxin administration. Treatment with digoxin was associated with a 50-70% increase in the RBC Na+ concentration, whereas the RBC K+ concentration decreased by 7-10%. RBC electrolyte changes paralleled plasma digoxin levels in the child who was digitalized slowly, whereas the maximum shift in RBC electrolyte concentration occurred 48 h after peak plasma digoxin concentrations were observed in the child who had received a single dose of digoxin. These results suggest that Na+/K+ ATPase inhibition may continue after clearance of digoxin from the plasma. The use of plasma digoxin concentration to diagnose toxicity may be limited in the special case of children who have received a single large dose of digoxin. PMID- 7307870 TI - Ophthalmoplegia-plus. AB - The occurrence of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinal dystrophy and cardiac disturbances associated with arachnodactily, sternal deformity, high arched palate and severe myopia is reported. A pedigree analysis of this Jewish-Iranian family strongly suggests that the condition is inherited as autosomal recessive trait. The terminology of the condition and the spectrum of it variable phenotypic expression is described. PMID- 7307869 TI - LASCER Bode plots for normal, amblyopic, and stereoanomalous observers. AB - Indices of laterality, interocular response latency difference, and binocular summation derived from Bode plots (amplitude-versus-temporal frequency and phase lag-versus-temporal frequency) of cortical responses evoked by laser speckle (LASCER) are correlated with common tests used in clinical refraction. We evaluated eight normal observers and eleven observers with histories of amblyopia and/or stereoanomalies. We find that: (1) LASCER amplitude is reduced in the amblyopic eyes relative to the unaffected fellow eyes, (2) LASCER response latency is increased in the amblyopic eyes relative to the unaffected fellow eyes, and (3) binocular LASCER summation is reduced in stereoanomalous observers. The phenomenal appearance of laser speckle is different for amblyopic eyes than unaffected fellow eyes. Neural disturbances in pattern perception may account for these results. PMID- 7307872 TI - The cornea in measles. PMID- 7307873 TI - [Genetic etiology of esophageal cancer: II. Cytogenetic studies on peripheral blood cells of esophageal cancer and epithelial dysplasia patients with positive family history in Linxian County (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307875 TI - [The relationship between malignancy and fluorine content in the drinking water in Xilinkuolemeng, Nei Menggu (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307876 TI - [Germinoma of the pineal body and the wall of third ventricle--a report of four cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307874 TI - [Distribution of ABO blood groups among patients with carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia in Linxian People's Hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307877 TI - [Pathomorphological observations on the recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307878 TI - [The international TNM staging system for carcinoma of the lung and its evaluation as assessed by the Chinese trial clinicopathological staging system for the same disease--an analysis of 183 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307879 TI - [The TPS study of optimal field setting for the radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307881 TI - [Radiotherapy for cancer of the extrahepatic bile duct (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307880 TI - [Chemotherapy of primary liver cancer--an analysis of 127 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307882 TI - [Stage index-a new supplementary criterion in evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment of malignant tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307883 TI - [Carcinoma of the large intestine with schistosomiasis--analysis of 279 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307884 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of intracranial melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307886 TI - [A case of primary malignant lymphoma associated with early infiltrating carcinoma of esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307885 TI - [A case of malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307887 TI - [Studies on pathomorphology, biological properties, and sensitivity to anti-tumor agents of the transplantable squamous cell carcinoma (GS-742) of mouse forestomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307888 TI - [Experimental study of antitumor effect of an extract derived from Zhu-ling (Polyporus umbelltus) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307889 TI - [Further studies on the separate entity of intraluminal type of esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307890 TI - [Malignant lymphoma with primary involvement of Waldeyer's ring (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307891 TI - [Radiation treatment of cervical metastasis in carcinoma of nasopharynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307892 TI - [Lymphadenectomy as a definitive management of the residual lesion in the neck after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer -an analysis of 48 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307893 TI - [Double primary carcinoma of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307895 TI - [Erroneous diagnosis of cancer of gastric cardia-a report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307896 TI - [Immunoblastic sarcoma -a report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307898 TI - [Double primary early carcinomas in the esophagus and gastric cardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307897 TI - [Bilateral retinoblastoma surviving for 24-years after the treatment of surgery on one eye and radiotherapy on the other-a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307894 TI - [Tumors of the lateral ventricles in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307899 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the stomach-a report of a case and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307900 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307901 TI - [The effect of tetrandrine on the growth of ECa 109 cell line in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307902 TI - [A familial XY gonadal dysgenesis causing high incidence of embryonic gonadal tumors- a report of the fourth dysgerminoma in sibling suffering from 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307904 TI - [Thermodynamic description of a new interaction model in the valinomycin-salt system]. PMID- 7307906 TI - [Biosynthesis of "unusual" ergot alkaloids by the fungus Penicillium aurantio virens]. PMID- 7307907 TI - [Preservation of DNA polymerase alpha in rat liver cells during aging]. PMID- 7307903 TI - [Methodology in establishing an animal model of lung carcinoma. I. Lung carcinoma induced by intratracheal instillation of 3-methylcholanthrene saline suspension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307905 TI - [Differences in the direction of the conformational changes in the immunoglobulin M molecule as affected by the surrounding medium and by carbohydrate cleavage]. PMID- 7307908 TI - [2 types of terminal oxidases in the respiratory chain of Micrococcus lydodeikticus bacteria]. PMID- 7307911 TI - [Possibility of synthesizing nucleoproteins on an apatite matrix]. PMID- 7307913 TI - [Regulation of long tail fibril assembly and attachment in bacteriophage T4]. PMID- 7307910 TI - [Ratio of natural DNA hydration to the GC content]. PMID- 7307912 TI - [Reversible pH-dependent aggregation of rhodopsin molecules in photoreceptor membranes]. PMID- 7307909 TI - [Role of muscle buds in skeletal muscle regeneration in rats]. PMID- 7307914 TI - [Postural asymmetry induction by factors of the right and left hemispheres]. PMID- 7307915 TI - [Capacity for auditory time interval assessment determined using megahertz-range ultrasound]. PMID- 7307916 TI - [Clinical analysis of the renin-angiotnesin system status of essental hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307917 TI - [The measurement of left ventricular systolic time interval by echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307918 TI - [Analysis of 10 cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307919 TI - [Clinical analysis of 36 cases of pulmonary thrombo-embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307920 TI - [Long term follow-up of 125 cases of acute rheumatic fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307922 TI - [The surgical treatment of corrected transposition of the great arteries, situs inversus and dextrocardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307921 TI - [Complete left bundle branch block (LBBB): an analysis of 25 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307923 TI - [Estimation of size of value of the orifice in mitral stenosis by echocardiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307924 TI - [The prediction value of double Master's stress testing in coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307925 TI - [Familial Q-T prolongation syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307929 TI - [ECG in normal dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307927 TI - [The relaxing valvular syndrome: a case report of clinicopathological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307928 TI - [Pathological changes in fetal coronary arteries (authors' transl)]. PMID- 7307930 TI - [ECG in normal rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307931 TI - [The effect of Ervatamin hainaneusis Tsiang on experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307932 TI - [The Wenckebach phenomenon in concealed incomplete right bundle branch block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307926 TI - [The cardiac "urticaria" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307933 TI - [Partial defect of left pericardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307934 TI - [Hypertension survey of 5,220 coal miners in Lungyen District, Fujian Province (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307935 TI - [Hypertension survey of 57,668 workers and family members in forestry of Mutanjiang District (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307936 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular function by using nuclear stethoscope and 113mindium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307937 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307938 TI - [Summary of a report of the 1979 national hypertension survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307939 TI - [Evaluation of radio-immunoassay of digoxin in the diagnosis of digitalis intoxication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307940 TI - [The influence of lowering of cardiac afterload on the cardiac function in hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307941 TI - [Rapid hypotensive effect of nifedipine aerosol (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307942 TI - [Surgical treatment of thoraco-abdominal stenosing aorto-arteritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307943 TI - [Clinical observation and follow-up cases of unstable angina pectoris (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307945 TI - [Trans-pulmonary artery repair of ventricular septal defect (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307944 TI - [Studies of mechanocardiography in Keshan disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307946 TI - [The value of determination of sinus node recovery time in the diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307948 TI - [Successful cardioversion for auricular fibrillation in pre-excitation syndrome-- 2 cases report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307947 TI - [Behcet's disease--a report of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307949 TI - [XO type of Turner's syndrome associated with coarctation of aorta---case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307950 TI - [Aprindine for intractable dysarrhythmia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307951 TI - [Anoxic changes of perfused rat heart following ligation of coronary artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307952 TI - [A preliminary study on the hypolipidemic and anticoagulant effects of laminarin sulfate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307953 TI - [Observations on coronary arteries of dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307954 TI - [Aorto-pulmonary window (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307955 TI - [Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307956 TI - [Multipolar His bundle catheter electrode (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307957 TI - [Simplified preparation of sodium nitroprusside for intravenous use (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307958 TI - [Study of relationship between trace elements, common elements and hypertension multifactor progressive regression analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307959 TI - [Analysis of 503 cases of obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307960 TI - [The relationship of rate of red cell electrophoresis, serum conductivity and viscosity and blood lipids in coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307961 TI - [The value and limitations of the electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of ventricular aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307962 TI - [Clinical efficacy of disopyramide in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307963 TI - [Torsade de pointes: a report of 39 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307964 TI - [Analysis of cardiac arrhythmias in 12,232 electrocardiograms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307965 TI - [Double outlet right ventricle--a report of 9 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307966 TI - [Ebstein anomaly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307967 TI - [Treatment of Ebstein anomaly with bioprosthetic replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307968 TI - [Left atrial rhythm: a report of 21 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307969 TI - [Neurological complications of aortic arch syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307970 TI - [Isolated U-wave inversion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307971 TI - [Partial endocardial cushion defect associated with left superior vena cava drainage into left atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307972 TI - [Myocardial abscess complicated by cardiac rupture: report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307973 TI - [Intramural vascular changes in experimental myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307975 TI - [The interventricular septal arteries of the dog (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307974 TI - [Pathological changes and causes of death in 7 cases of cardiac tissue valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307976 TI - [Changes in oxygen consumption of aorta in atherosclerotic rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307977 TI - [Junctional tachycardia precipitated by atrial premature beat with concealed conduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307978 TI - [The clinical application of implantable telecontrol programmable pacemaker (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307979 TI - Aluminum chloride for hyperhidrosis. PMID- 7307981 TI - [Rheologic causes of coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 7307983 TI - [Transitory bacteraemia after endotracheal suction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307980 TI - [Myocardial microcirculation: interaction between vasomotor system and flow properties of blood]. PMID- 7307982 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis in cholestasis (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective study, sonographic diagnosis was compared in 156 patients having jaundice or showing clinico-chemical signs of cholestasis, with the final diagnosis obtained via endoscopic-retrograde cholangiography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, surgery or autopsy. The results show that in almost 90 per cent of the cases it is possible to differentiate between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis via sonography. The limitations of sonography concern the identification of prepapillary bile duct concrements which were present in 30 per cent of the patients. Hence, in most cases it was not possible to supply aetiological pointers towards determining the cause of the bile flow disturbance. PMID- 7307984 TI - [Combination of Crohn's disease and anorexia nervosa signs and symptoms (author's transl)]. AB - In two female patients whose disease had been diagnosed as anorexia nervosa, later examination revealed Crohn's disease. Hence, the frequency of anorexia nervosa signs and symptoms seen in patients with Crohn's disease who had been hospitalised for internistic-psychosomatic treatment, was scrutinised by the authors. Eight out of 25 consecutively treated patients showed these symptoms. Particularly frequent signs were refusal of adequate food intake to regain normal weight, as well as acute conflict situations due to disturbed neurotic development. On account of the frequency of anorectic signs and symptoms in Crohn's disease, therefore, this disease should be diagnostically excluded before accepting anorexia nervosa as final diagnosis. PMID- 7307986 TI - [Replantation of peripheral extremities. Possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 7307985 TI - [Craniopharyngioma: experience with combined operative and radiotherapy and problems of hormone substitution (author's transl)]. AB - Craniopharyngioma, primarily a benign tumour, is associated with a variety of serious problems due to tumour localization. Access to the tumour during surgery is difficult and total resection can rarely be achieved. Growth of the remaining tumour continues and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, further visual field loss and hormonal disturbances reappear. However, conservative operation in conjunction with radical irradiation shows good results as regards tumour regression and survival with satisfactory quality of life. Irradiation with 50 Gy on average was performed in 5 out of 6 children with remaining tumour or tumour recurrence, and satisfactory results were obtained. In all cases tumour size regressed. Endocrine disturbances could be ascertained by the combined LHRH-TRH insulin test and the clinical picture. In nearly every case there was finally a complete lack of hormones of the pituitary-hypothalamic axis. Substitution of various hormones became necessary in all cases. Meticulous surveillance of children still undergoing developmental maturation is mandatory. All six children are well and lead a nearly normal life. PMID- 7307987 TI - [Genetic disposition--a cause of essential hypertension]. PMID- 7307988 TI - [Misdiagnoses and mismanagement in thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Measures prior to diagnosis and treatment already installed were assessed retrospectively in 8501 patients with suspect thyroid disease between the years 1976 and 1979. In 10.5% of these patients there were 11.2% misdiagnosis or wrong treatment. The most common misdiagnoses were hyperthyroidism in euthyroid patients (1.9%), hypothyroidism in euthyroidism (0.8%), non-recognition or non aspiration of cold nodules (0.9%), missing a goitre (0.6%). Among diagnostic methods the radio-iodine test was reason for a wrong diagnosis most commonly (66%). The TRH-test proved to be least erroneous, technical reasons being the cause of the 9.6% of misdiagnoses. The most common mismanagements were due to lack of prophylaxis of recurrence after goitre operation (1.5%), external irradiation of the thyroid gland with radium or Roentgen rays (0.7%), and during thyroid hormone treatment of goitre (1.3%). Iatrogenic disease existed mainly as factitious hyperthyroidism (0.7%), non-treated hypothyroidism after treatment with radio-iodine of hyperthyroidism (0.1%), and as goitre recurrence due to lack of prophylaxis of recurrence (0.8% of all patients). As every 10th patient was subjected to misdiagnosis or mismanagement, shifting to endocrinological advisory centers may prevent future mismanagement of thyroid disorders. PMID- 7307989 TI - [Q fever (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative analysis of two Q fever epidemics in Baden-Wurttemberg demonstrated the following characteristics of this zoo-anthroponosis endemic in southern Germany: 1. affected areas are situated along sheep tracks and natural concentrations of the Dermacentor marginatus. 2. The disease spreads in waves. 3. It causes typical symptoms, particular an intense tension headache, and typical radiographic findings. Men are more commonly and more severely affected than women. Children are not affected despite proven exposure. 4. The CBR antibody titre is a reliable laboratory diagnostic parameter. 5. Epidemiological measures (search for the source of infection, elimination of seropositive sheep, use of disinfectants) reduce the reservoir of the infective agent. 6. The therapeutic drug of choice is doxycyclin. PMID- 7307990 TI - [Endoscopic determination of the size of gastrointestinal ulcers (author's transl)]. AB - A new method based on computer-assisted semi-automatic equipment for stereological analysis has been developed to measure ulcer size endoscopically. The main component is a graphic measuring table connected with a computer which is itself linked to a television monitor. The endoscopic picture is transmitted to the television monitor and the ulcer area is measured directly on the monitor using electronic overlay markers. The trace of the measuring markers remains visible on the monitor so that every lesion demonstrated is accurately outlined. The computer calculates the ulcer area by relating it to a known endoscopically inserted reference area. Numerous measurements from various distances, various angles of view and with variable reference area sizes showed the error to be 4.2 +/- 0.5%. Measurements by six different investigators showed variations of 2.9 +/ 1.2%. These results document the reliability of endoscopic planimetrics of gastrointestinal ulcers. PMID- 7307992 TI - [Chiropractic by non-physicians]. PMID- 7307991 TI - [Atrioventricular block after carotid pressure in hypothyroidism: normalisation after substitution treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Severe auto-immune hypothyroidism, probably after hyperthyroidism, was diagnosed in a 79-year-old woman with hypothyroidism (T3 and T4 immeasurably low) without the classical signs of myxoedema heart. On carotid sinus pressure transitory first degree AV block occurred and, on one occasion, complete AV block. This response disappeared after substitution treatment for four weeks with 50 microgram L-thyroxine. Further examination half a year later, on a maintenance of 75 microgram thyroxine, also gave a negative response to carotid sinus pressure. PMID- 7307993 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of cancer]. PMID- 7307994 TI - [Direct contrast medium demonstration of acute and chronic pericardial effusion and of the pericardium (author's transl)]. AB - After aspiration of the pericardial space 10 to 20 ml of contrast medium were injected into the pericardial sac in 11 patients with in part large pericardial effusions. Thus the effusion became directly visible on fluoroscopy and a satisfactory position of the aspiration cannula in the pericardial sac was ascertained. Complete drainage of the pericardial effusion could be well observed by fluoroscopy. The pericardial effusion dyed by contrast medium and the surrounding structures could be filmed by kinecardiography with a 35 mm camera ("pericardiography"). In contrast to echocardiography pericardiography resulted in additional important diagnostic information in two patients. Direct contrast medium demonstration of pericardial effusions and of the pericardium improves the safety during pericardial aspiration and enlarges the diagnostic possibilities particularly in ill-defined pericardial diseases and septated pericardial processes. PMID- 7307995 TI - [Isolated internal iliac vein thrombosis as a cause of recurrent pulmonary emboli (author's transl)]. PMID- 7307996 TI - [New methods of internal urine channeling]. PMID- 7307997 TI - [Sale of a practice under the tax law]. PMID- 7307998 TI - [Thoracic radiography and ECG in newly detected hypertension. Their value in diagnosis and therapy planning]. PMID- 7308003 TI - [Physical training in patients with coronary disease. Indication, methods, extent]. PMID- 7307999 TI - [Treatment of congestive cardiac failure with vasodilators (author's transl)]. AB - The possibility of development of tolerance of treatment with vasodilators was investigated in 16 patients with severe chronic congestive cardiac failure. Independent of the primary site of action, the first application of a vasodilator resulted in lowering of pulmonary artery pressure by about 30% (isosorbide dinitrate 40 mg orally in delay-action form and 5 mg sublingually, prazosin 2 mg, dihydralazine 75 mg). Only dihydralazine reduced systemic resistance acutely by 42% and increased cardiac minute volume by 66%. After treatment for 12 days with isosorbide dinitrate delay-action (three times 20 mg), prazosin (three times 2 mg) or dihydralazine (three times 75 mg), there was persistent lowering of the pulmonary artery pressure 16 hours after cessation of treatment only after isosorbide dinitrate (-29%) and dihydralazine (-27%). A decrease of systemic resistance by 11% and an increase of cardiac minute volume by 20% were seen only after dihydralazine. An additional acute application of isosorbide dinitrate or dihydralazine resulted in a further decrease of pulmonary artery pressure (-25% and -11%, respectively). An additional decrease of systemic resistance (-23%) and increase of cardiac minute volume (+18%) were again only seen with dihydralazine. In contrast to the first medication there was no significant change of the pulmonary artery pressure after treatment with prazosin for 12 days. PMID- 7308002 TI - [Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with salmon calcitonin (author's transl)]. AB - Subcutaneous injections for two days of 100 MRC units each of synthetic salmon calcitonin were administered to 40 out of 77 patients with Paget's disease of bone. Chemical pathology (alkaline serum phosphatase, hydroxyprolinuria) showed an initially satisfactory response of all patients to this treatment. Resistance developed in 6 out of 8 patients on long term treatment with recurrence of increased serum alkaline phosphatase, occurring after 4 months at the earliest and 24 months at the latest. Human calcitonin may be an alternative of treatment in these cases of secondary resistance. Treatment with calcitonin is nearly risk free and represents a definite progress in comparison with earlier forms of treatment. PMID- 7308000 TI - [Regional hyperthermic perfusion with cytostatic agents in malignant melanoma of the extremities (author's transl)]. AB - From December 1978 to February 1981 91 regional hyperthermic perfusions with melphalan (1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg body weight) were performed in 87 patients with malignant melanoma of the extremities. During a one-hour perfusion with whole blood at an intramuscular temperature of 42 degrees C the flow rate was 264 +/- 62 ml/min in the upper and 495 +/- 42 ml/min in the lower limb. Apart from one intima dissection there were no serious intraoperative complications. Postoperatively one female patient died on the 19th day from acute right heart failure with severe bone marrow suppression. In six patients intransigent metastases appeared after an average of six months. One patient developed lung metastases 7 months postoperatively from which he died. Seventy-nine patients remained free of tumour during the observation period. PMID- 7308001 TI - [Plasma exchange in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - The combination of plasma exchange and immunosuppression appears to result in considerable improvement of therapeutic measures in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In contrast to the unfavourable prognosis prior to the introduction of plasma exchange, 8 out of 13 patients (idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, n = 4; Goodpasture syndrome, n = 2; Wegener's granulomatosis, n = 4; lupoid nephritis, n = 3) showed recompensation of terminal renal insufficiency. Treatment of 4 patients who were already anuric led to reversal of renal function in only one case. There was a clear correlation between demonstration of circulating immune complexes and the response to treatment: in 6 out of 7 patients with circulating immune complexes recompensation of severe renal insufficiency was achieved. PMID- 7308004 TI - [Need to inform the patient and required supervision regarding novice physicians performing surgical interventions]. PMID- 7308005 TI - [Intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7308006 TI - [Clinical relevance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D estimation in plasma (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) were determined in 40 healthy persons and in patients with primary osteoporosis (n = 43), primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 19), intestinal osteopathy (n = 13), and after small intestine bypass operations (n = 8). The control group showed physiologic seasonal variations which must be taken into account in the individual case. Whereas there were no deviations from the normal in patients with osteoporosis, significantly lower values were obtained in the other disease groups. Estimation of 25-OH-D in plasma represents a valuable contribution for the diagnosis of generalized osteopathies and for the differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia. In addition, the effects of vitamin D treatment may be objectively assessed. Overdosage and intoxication may be recognized in time. PMID- 7308008 TI - [Stomach bypass and jejuno-ileostomy. Dubious surgical methods for therapy of extreme obesity]. PMID- 7308009 TI - [Gastrointestinal tumors. Prognostic factors and chemotherapy of today]. PMID- 7308007 TI - [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia in diabetic patients (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy of bezafibrate in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia was investigated in a controlled therapeutic study and compared with "essential" phospholipids (EPL) and placebo. The investigation involved 120 patients, 87 trial protocols could be evaluated statistically. During pretreatment with bezafibrate for three months cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting blood sugar decreased significantly, HDL-cholesterol increased significantly. During continued treatment with bezafibrate the investigated parameters remained at their achieved levels, whereas with both EPL and placebo there was a renewed increase of cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar and HbA1 and a decrease of HDL-cholesterol to values before bezafibrate treatment. There were no differences between placebo and EPL. Both bezafibrate and EPL were tolerated well. PMID- 7308010 TI - [Tax allowance for scientific extra-income is omitted]. PMID- 7308011 TI - [Angina pectoris syndrome in patients with normal coronary arteriograms (X syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - In 37 patients with typical exercise-dependent angina pectoris but with normal coronary arteriograms and normal left ventricular function at rest (X syndrome), the dipyridamole-induced dilatory reserve of the coronary vascular system was reduced significantly to about 50% of control values (P less than 0.001). There were no changes in the small vessels causing the reduced dilatory reserve, but ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria were demonstrable. In the patients with X syndrome there was a significant reduction of lactate extraction (P less than 0.05) after electrical atrial stimulation (150/min) and in most cases lactate production was demonstrable. In the control group the myocardial lactate uptake was unchanged. Left ventricular function in patients with X syndrome was normal at rest whereas during exercise it was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001). These results show that X syndrome consists of a particular form of ischaemic heart disease with still normal left ventricular function at rest, but disordered pump activity during physical stress. PMID- 7308012 TI - [Hypertension, over-weight and age: early treatment of hypertension (a factory survey) (author's transl)]. AB - The employees of a vehicle factory (3351 persons) were examined for high blood pressure, over-weight and stress effects. Blood pressure increased with over weight and age. However, over-weight increased with age up to 50 years. Furthermore, hypertension could generally be calculated from an increase in over weight: this effect started already at a young age. The effect of age began at normal body-weight after 50 years and concerned systolic pressure (decreased elasticity of the windkessel arteries). The diastolic pressure increased, age dependent, earlier, but at normal weight remained below 90 mm Hg. On single blood pressure measurement, 25% of subjects had a blood pressure above 160/95, 51% above 140/90 mm Hg. Among those under 20 years, 25% had a blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg. The higher the initial level of pressure at a young age, the greater the later increase in blood pressure. Since the risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular complications steeply increases from 140/90 mm Hg and treatment of the milder (limit of normal) hypertension maintains patients well for longer, it is recommended that hypertension should be treated if on three measurements the pressure averages above 140/90 mm Hg. Pressure of 150/90 mm Hg is taken as a normal limit only in those above 60 years. Treatment of mild essential hypertension should at first be dietary: reduction of body weight, of salt intake and of alcohol consumption. PMID- 7308014 TI - [Early diagnosis of infantile strabismus]. PMID- 7308013 TI - [Therapeutic embolisation of large pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas--an alternative to operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308015 TI - [Diuretics, serum glucose and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7308016 TI - [Ergotism--an important complication of drug therapy in prevention of thromboembolism]. PMID- 7308017 TI - Appraisal of the merits and short comings of tests of mutagenic potential. PMID- 7308018 TI - In vivo methods for evaluating genotoxicity. PMID- 7308019 TI - Cell culture systems to study glial transformation. PMID- 7308020 TI - Increased sensitivity of the SCE-test with rabbit lymphocytes by an exogeneous metabolic system. PMID- 7308021 TI - Alkylation of nucleic acid bases by epoxides and glycidyl ethers. PMID- 7308022 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of enzymatic DNA methylation by N-2-acetylaminofluorene bound to DNA. PMID- 7308023 TI - Formation of precancerous islands in rat liver and modification of DNA by ethyl carbamate: implications for its metabolism. PMID- 7308024 TI - On the metabolism of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by liver microsomes of variously pretreated rats. PMID- 7308025 TI - Irreversible macromolecular binding of the flame retardant tris-(2, 3 dibromopropyl)phosphate in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7308026 TI - Carcinogenic potential of dichloroacetylene. PMID- 7308027 TI - Delayed neurotoxicity induced by organophosphorus compounds - areas of understanding and ignorance. PMID- 7308028 TI - Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of cytostatic N-nitroso-(2-chloroethyl) ureas after repeated intravenous application to rats. PMID- 7308032 TI - Behaviour of indicators of dose and effect after cessation of occupational exposure to lead. PMID- 7308029 TI - Carcinogenicity of formaldehyde vapor: interim findings in a long-term bioassay of rats and mice. PMID- 7308030 TI - Detection of mutagens in various alcoholic beverages, particularly in apple brandy, a product of western France. PMID- 7308031 TI - Cytogenetic and cytokinetic investigations on lymphocytes from workers occupationally exposed to tetrachloroethylene. PMID- 7308033 TI - Renal function impairment in lead-exposed workers: correlations with zinc protoporphyrin and blood lead levels. PMID- 7308034 TI - Evaluation of occupational exposure to metallic mercury and of its early renal effects. PMID- 7308036 TI - Clinical and experimental work in neurotoxicity. PMID- 7308038 TI - Results and perspectives of electroencephalography in toxicology. PMID- 7308037 TI - Liaison with industry in the provision of essential information for the management of poisoning. II. PMID- 7308035 TI - Biological evaluation of hemoperfusion in acute poisoning. AB - The efficiency of Hemoperfusion in acute poisoning cannot be clinically estimated, because: a) concomitant intestinal absorption, hepatic metabolism and urinary excretion must be taken into account. b) with supportive treatment alone, spontaneous recovery usually occurs in 98% of the intoxications in Intensive Care Units. The efficiency of hemoperfusion can only be estimated biologically. Measuring the blood level at the beginning and the end of hemoperfusion as well as measuring the clearances of the drug is misleading. A better method is to measure the amount of extracted drug, either indirectly by calculation (form hourly differences of arterio-venous measures of drug concentration multiplied by the blood flow) or directly by elution of the cartridge. In a practical way, if the blood level of drug is readily available after the patient is hospitalized, the optimum efficiency of hemoperfusion can be estimated beforehand, so that the decision to carry out the hemoperfusion can be maintained, postponed or abandoned. For the most part, the experience of toxicologists has shown hemoperfusion to be ineffective for drugs with weak extra cellular distribution (such as Digitoxin, Tricyclic drugs, Heavy Metals, Colchicine). Its effectiveness for certain drugs, with poor in vitro dialysance (such as Paracetamol) or with small percentage of intestinal absorption (such as Paraquat) is still debatable. In the case of intoxications by hypnotic drugs, one hemoperfusion allows an average of 4 - 12% of the ingested medium and short barbiturates, 7 - 17% of the ingested Meprobamate. Whether these results can be judged satisfactory, life-saving or insignificant is largely a matter of personal standards. PMID- 7308039 TI - Evaluation of haemoperfusion by column analysis. PMID- 7308041 TI - Prognosis and treatment of methanol intoxication. PMID- 7308040 TI - Comparison of hemoperfusion and hemodialysis clearances during combined and prolonged treatment of severely poisoned patients. PMID- 7308042 TI - Sodium nitroprusside: comparison of the antidotal effect of hydroxocobalamin and sodium thiosulfate in rabbits. PMID- 7308043 TI - Regulatory issues in toxic substances control legislation. PMID- 7308044 TI - Tier testing systems in toxicology and decision-making criteria for their use. PMID- 7308045 TI - Toxicity testing, hazard assessment and data quality assurance for chemical regulatory purposes. PMID- 7308046 TI - The International Programme on Chemical Safety. PMID- 7308047 TI - Toxicological aspects of European community legislation regarding new chemicals. PMID- 7308048 TI - Liaison with industry in the provision of essential information for the management of poisoning. PMID- 7308049 TI - Toxicology advisory guidelines for fragrance safety assurance. PMID- 7308050 TI - In vitro comparative bioactivation of aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons. PMID- 7308052 TI - Changes in rat liver morphology and metabolic activities after exposure to chlorinated paraffins. PMID- 7308051 TI - The hepatobiliary toxicity of penicillic acid, A carcinogenic mycotoxin. PMID- 7308053 TI - Whole body distribution of 3H levamisole in rats and mice. PMID- 7308055 TI - The metabolism of 2-bromo-[1-14C]ethan-1-amine (BEA): a model compound for inducing renal papillary necrosis (RPN). PMID- 7308056 TI - Detection of chemical-induced porphyria in man. Possibilities in biomonitoring of exposure to chemicals. PMID- 7308057 TI - Excretion of metals into the intestine; a comparative study in rats. PMID- 7308054 TI - Safety evaluation of four bicyclic musk fragrance-chemicals relative to the neurotoxin, acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin (AETT). PMID- 7308058 TI - Permeability of the lung to inhaled heavy metals. PMID- 7308059 TI - Subchronic effects induced by NiO-inhalation in Wistar rats. PMID- 7308061 TI - Excessive thallium absorption among a population living near a thallium emitting cement plant. PMID- 7308062 TI - Metabolism of orally ingested cadmium in humans. PMID- 7308063 TI - Sex-linked distribution of cadmium, zinc and copper in tissues of cadmium-treated rats. PMID- 7308064 TI - Comparison of bone lesions in chronic cadmium poisoning and vitamin D-deficiency. PMID- 7308065 TI - The influence of arsenite on the interaction between selenite and methyl mercury. PMID- 7308060 TI - Metabolic patterns of low and toxic doses of thallium in the rat. PMID- 7308066 TI - Interference of inadequate oxygenation in hematofluorometer zinc-protoporphyrin readings. PMID- 7308067 TI - Neurogenic components in cardiovascular reactivity of chronically lead-exposed rats. PMID- 7308068 TI - Effect of oral zinc intake on the biological effect of lead. PMID- 7308069 TI - Biological monitoring of children living in the vicinity of a lead smelting plant. PMID- 7308070 TI - Statistical study of some parameters able of influencing blood lead levels. PMID- 7308072 TI - Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and some of its sulfur-containing metabolites: tissue retention and excretion routes in mice. PMID- 7308073 TI - Inhibitor characteristics of native, solubilized, and lipid-reconstituted neurotoxic esterase. PMID- 7308071 TI - Toxic interactions with dermal exposure to organophosphate insecticides. PMID- 7308074 TI - Toxicology of trimethyl- and triethyl phosphorothioates. PMID- 7308075 TI - In vivo studies on adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation and effects of ferrous ions. PMID- 7308076 TI - The use of biochemical methods for detecting changes in cell population of rat bone marrow. AB - The in vitro incorporation of 14C-glycine into haem, and 35S-sulphate into macromolecules have been investigated as biochemical measurements with the potential to reflect the proportion of certain erythroid and myeloid cells within rat bone marrow. Erythroid hyperplasia caused an increase of haem synthesis and a concomitant decrease in 35S-sulphate incorporation. Erythroid hypoplasia reduced haem synthesis and increased 35S-sulphate incorporation. The measures of haem synthesis and 35S-sulphate incorporation thus provide useful tools for detecting specific changes in cell populations in rat bone marrow suspensions. PMID- 7308077 TI - Rate of skin penetration of organophosphates measured in diffusion cells. PMID- 7308079 TI - Neurotoxicity of lead in rabbits. PMID- 7308080 TI - Neuropathological changes caused by trialkyllead compounds in the rat. PMID- 7308081 TI - The effect of the gastrointestinal flora on tissue content of mercury and organomercurial neurotoxicity in rats given methylmercuric chloride. PMID- 7308078 TI - The effect of hydralazine on collagen biosynthesis and secretion in isolated embryonic chick tendon cells. PMID- 7308082 TI - Effects of xylene and alcohol on human visual evoked potentials. PMID- 7308083 TI - Effects of long term exposure to trichloroethylene on learning behaviour in rats. PMID- 7308084 TI - Neurologic response to white spirit exposure. PMID- 7308085 TI - The aminoglycosides. PMID- 7308086 TI - Hemostasis and bleeding disorders. PMID- 7308087 TI - Etiology and management. PMID- 7308088 TI - Complications of nasal packing. PMID- 7308089 TI - Surgical Management. PMID- 7308090 TI - Angiography and embolization. PMID- 7308091 TI - Anatomic considerations of nasal blood supply. PMID- 7308092 TI - Parapharyngeal-space masses. PMID- 7308093 TI - Immunologic aspects of head and neck cancer. PMID- 7308094 TI - Practical therapeutics. Management of epilepsy: therapeutic aspects. PMID- 7308095 TI - N-acetylation phenotype profile in healthy African volunteers using sulphadimidine. PMID- 7308096 TI - Acute paralytic poliomyelitis among Nigerian children in Enugu. PMID- 7308097 TI - White blood cell (WBC) counts in children with sickle cell anaemia. PMID- 7308098 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytoses and frequency of different dermatophytes in Kampala, Uganda. PMID- 7308099 TI - Cerebrovascular accidents in Ethiopians. A review of 48 cases. PMID- 7308100 TI - Patterns of epilepsy in Kenya--a clinical analysis of 115 cases. PMID- 7308102 TI - The first Bombay (Oh) phenotype in Dar es Salaam. PMID- 7308101 TI - The ABO phenotype Ax in Dar es Salaam. PMID- 7308104 TI - Some clinical aspects of epilepsy. PMID- 7308105 TI - Practical therapeutics chemotherapy of fungal infections. PMID- 7308103 TI - Neonatal hepatitis. PMID- 7308107 TI - Ketamine emergence and personality. PMID- 7308106 TI - A survey of mycotoxins in human and animal foods--part I. PMID- 7308110 TI - Composition of human breast milk in Kenyan women. PMID- 7308108 TI - The diagnostic value of hook-needle biopsy of the pleura and peritoneum. PMID- 7308109 TI - Jaundice in pregnancy aetiology, management and mortality at Enugu, Nigeria. PMID- 7308111 TI - Femoral aneurysms in Nigerians. PMID- 7308112 TI - Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in an infant. PMID- 7308114 TI - [Biomedical and health information in Latin America]. PMID- 7308113 TI - Bilharziasis of the female genital tract in Tanzania. PMID- 7308115 TI - [Information for health care: an epidemiological perspective]. PMID- 7308116 TI - [The need for information in biomedical research]. AB - This paper focuses on the need of every researcher to be informed on advances in his field. It reviews the means available for keeping abreast of developments in a specific area of scientific inquiry. In the author's view, articles in reference journals on a specific specialty are the best source of information. However, the interval between the writing and publication of a scientific paper is sometimes long, which poses a considerable impediment to the use of the traditional media as a means of keeping up. He also examines the limitations of information in biomedical research and reviews the characteristics of this research in Latin America. Finally, he makes a number of recommendations for improving scientific communications and making the most of the services of national and international information dissemination systems. PMID- 7308118 TI - [Optimal exchange of resources and the administration of bibliographical services]. AB - It is pointed out in this paper that an optimal exchange of resources requires a maximum availability of materials and services at minimum cost. The author is of the view that each activity of the biomedical information network will have to be subjected to critical scrutiny including a calculation of its costs. The overall plan will determine whether current activities can be maintained or expanded and new activities launched. The primary given to access to materials rather than to their possession is a step toward user-oriented networks, and therefore means that future development will be assessed in relation to the customer. The author is convinced that the recording and analysis of the use actually made of services by the user will generate many of the criteria that will govern some of the most important decisions to be taken in the future in connection with the network. PMID- 7308119 TI - [REPIDISCA: a new information network for sanitary engineering in Latin America]. PMID- 7308120 TI - [Basic standards in planning guidelines for the national development of health]. PMID- 7308121 TI - [Interrelationship between the brain and kidney renin--angiotensin systems in combined hypertension: the effect of a central block with saralasin]. AB - Conditions for Simultaneous stimulation of cerebral and renal renin-angiotension systems (RAS) are created in the examined by us model of combined cerebral and renal ischemic hypertension. As a results of interaction between them the effect o cerebral RAS predominates, since renin concentration in the medulla oblongata is elevated while the renal renin concentration remains unchanged, but the plasma renin activity is lowered. The blocking of the action of cerebral angiotension by the venously administered angiotensin antagonist saralasin does not alter substantially blood pressure, but causes elevation of the renal renin concentration in the ischemic and intact kidney and normalization of plasma renin activity, without affecting the level of sodium and potassium. PMID- 7308123 TI - [Effect of aminton on noradrenaline and adrenaline depots in the rat heart]. AB - The authors examined the effect of the new Bulgarian antihypotensive prepavation aminton (2-amino-4-methyl pyridine) on the noradrenaline and adrenaline depots in the heart of rats. They found that aminton liberated considerable amounts o- the examined monoamines. This liberation was time and dose dependent. After a week treatment of the animals with small doses of aminton there were no significant changes in the rate of biosynthesis of noradrenaline in the heart. The analysis of catecholamine-liberating effect of aminton showed that this substance liberated noradrenaline by mechanisms, different from those participating in the reserpine effect. On the background of reserpine and atropine, aminton liberated noradrenaline in the heart of a rat, while hexametonium, tolazoline and johimbin inhibited such activity. The authors suggest that catecholamine-liberating effect of aminton is a substantial moment in realization of the manifested antihypotensive action of this substance. PMID- 7308122 TI - [Metabolic changes in the liver as affected by nicotinic acid]. AB - The author carried out a dynamic study on the metabolic changes in liver under the influence of nicotinic acid, administered singly by intramuscular injection in a dose of 2mM/kg of body weight. She examined at the 1th, 3th, 6th and 24th hour the changes in the levels of nicotine-amide coenzymes (NAD, NAD-H and NADP), adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP and AMP), the metabolic lactate and pyruvate and the enzymes LDH, MDH, GOT and GPT. The obtained data were compared with those of the control groups, treated with saline and killed at the same intervals as the experimental animals. Furthermore she made also a comparison with an intact group, presented as O group, whose values served as basal. The obtained data showed that after application of the nicotinic acid (NA) complex metabolic changes occurred in liver, due to its basic effects-stimulation of biosynthesis of nicotinamide coenzymes and inhibition of lipolysis in the fatty tissue. Most probably the effect on the biosynthesis of NAD was primary, which showed later substantial regulatory influence both on lipolysis in the fatty acid and on the metabolization of mobilizing lipids on behalf of the liver. Parallel occurring metabolic processes in the aorta and in the vascular wall in general, stimulation of the biological oxidation and bioenergetics formed the whole antilipolytic and antiarteriogenic action of nicotinic acid. PMID- 7308117 TI - [Infrastructure for biomedical literature: considerations on a number of Brazilian health journals]. AB - The article considers certain characteristics of 74 Brazilian medical journals listed in the Index Medicus Latino-Americano (IMLA) compiled by the Regional Library of Medicine and Health Science (BIREME). After remarking on the low survival rate of these publications, of which other studies list almost 2,000 titles between 1827 and 1978, the author cites the coverage of too many specialties, a lack of planning and of adherence to publishing schedules, and an overproportion of papers of dubious quality to promote sales of medical products as some of the reasons for the flight of Brazilian scientific articles to foreign publications. He also notes that, despite the disregard in which Brazilian journals are widely supposed to be held in the international scientific community, those that maintain acceptable standards of scientific quality, are published regularly and comply with international standards for the presentation of articles are cited often in collections of abstracts and indexes of international standing. Another aspect considered is the emergence in the structure of biomedical information in Brazil of an alternative medical press for the discussion of problems in the delivery of health services. PMID- 7308124 TI - [Antihypoxic action of orotic acid]. AB - The authors examined the effect of the ortonic acid in comparison with several preparations from various pharmacologic groups on models of complete ischemia, obtained by decapitation and hypobaric hypoxia in mice. The ortonic acid showed strong anti-hypoxic effect in these two models. The results revealed that the strongest effect manifested the ortonic acid, followed by vinponcetine and cinarizine, in mice with hypoxia, induced by decapitation and by the method of hypobaric hypoxia. Hexobarbital-sodium and papaverine showed comparatively weaker effect, but xantional nicotinate - the slightest. A wide spectrum od drugs, known by experimental and clinical data as antihypoxic drugs allowed the authors to accept the models as relative and the conclusion for the effect of the ortonic acid was considered as significant. They assume that vascular and metabolism effect participates in the mechanism of the antihypoxic action of the ortonic acid. PMID- 7308125 TI - [Determination of the optimal conditions for explantation of portions of the liver]. AB - The authors explanted liver organ cultures from mice, 1 to 3 months old, of the BALB/cY strain in three types of nutritive medium-pure nutritive medium 199; combined nutritive medium "A" (80% nutritive medium 199 and 20% of bovine serum as 400 ml of sol. glucose 40%, 7 mg of vit "C" and 20 mg of glutamine were added to 100 ml of the medium) and combined nutritive medium "B" (400 mg of sol. glucose 40% was added to 100 ml of the nutritive medium 199). The usage of the combined nutritive medium "B" was the most suitable for continuous culture (42-48 days) of liver explantants with preservation of the morphological intactness of the tissue. They examined also the blastomogenic action of 0.200 mg/ml od diethylnitrozoamine on liver organ cultures. It was established that 0.200 ml/ml of diethylnitrozoamine was nontoxic dose on liver organ cultures, but without manifested blastomogenic effect. PMID- 7308126 TI - [Ultrastructural study of the interstitial cells of the internal kidney medulla exposed to indomethacin]. AB - Unusual cylindrical bodies-megatubules, which get in touch with lipid granules with granular endoplasmatic reticulum among themselves and with the pores of the nuclear and cellular membrane, are described in the interstitial cells of the kidneys of the control rats. After a suppression of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin (5 mg/kg venously of intraperitonealy per day for 6 days) there was statistically significant increase of the mass of the compact lipids in the interstitial cells (hypergranulation as the volume of the granule was preserved) a proof that the granules contained precursors of renal prostaglandins. The nuclei were presented with round contours, while the perinuclear spaces were narrowed. The Goldgi apparatus and granular endoplasmic reticulum hyperthrophied. The megatubules atrophied. The authors suggest that they have prostaglandin synthetase activity. PMID- 7308128 TI - The effect of acoustic masking on the silent period in the Masseter electromyogram in man during sustained isometric contraction. PMID- 7308127 TI - Evaluation of EMG parameters for analysis and quantification of hemiparesis. PMID- 7308130 TI - dT-dL analysis of surface electromyogram during muscle fatigue. 7. On the two types of EMG pattern with fatigue. PMID- 7308129 TI - Computer-based analysis of electromyographic silent period parameters in jaw muscles during clenching in man. PMID- 7308131 TI - Neural loci involved in naloxone-induced luteinizing hormone release: effects of a norepinephrine synthesis inhibitor. PMID- 7308132 TI - The biological actions and metabolism of 6 alpha-methylprogesterone: a progestin that mimics and modifies the effects of testosterone. PMID- 7308134 TI - The role of aldosterone in the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - A continuous sc infusion of aldosterone for 2 weeks (10 micrograms/day) markedly increased the blood pressure of male, adrenalectomized (ADX), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from 142 to 178 mm Hg, which was similar to the increase seen in a group of sham-operated SHR. The blood pressure in a group of ADX SHR maintained without aldosterone declined from 141 to 119 mm Hg during the 2 weeks after surgery. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated in an identical fashion remained normotensive throughout. Adrenalectomy caused hyperkalemia in all strains of rat. Plasma potassium levels in aldosterone treated WKY and SD rats were lower than those in sham-operated controls, but were similar to those in corresponding groups of SHR. Acute renal responses of ADX male rats showed that SHR reabsorbed more water and sodium of an injected isotonic saline load than WKY rats and excreted less potassium than either WKY or SD rats. Sensitivity to aldosterone in the three strains of rats was compared using the urinary sodium to creatinine and potassium to creatinine ratios 1-3 h postinjection of aldosterone. Decreases in the urinary ratio of sodium to creatinine in response to various doses of aldosterone (0-1.25 micrograms aldosterone) were similar for the three strains of rat. ADX SHR appeared to be less responsive to the kaliuretic actions of aldosterone than WKY and SD rats. The present studies show that aldosterone is essential to the development of hypertension in SHR. The hypertensinogenic actions of aldosterone in these rats may be related to a blunted kaliuretic response to mineralocorticoids. PMID- 7308135 TI - The role of the dorsomedial-ventromedial area of the hypothalamus in the control of prolactin secretion induced by cervical stimulation. AB - Cervical stimulation (CS) initiates daily nocturnal (N) and diurnal (D) surges of PRL, which persist for at least 10 days, in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To affect pituitary PRL release, CS probably acts through several areas of the hypothalamus. PRL regulation by one hypothalamic area, the dorsomedial ventromedial nuclei (DMN-VMN), was investigated in the present study. Electrical stimulation of the DMN-VMN of rats with intact ovaries produces both N and D PRL surges of the same magnitude, timing, and persistence as those initiated by CS. However, in long term OVX rats, stimulation of the DMN-VMN results in N surges which last only until day 6 and D surges present only through day 2. OVX rats receiving sc Silastic implants containing progesterone on the day after DMN-VMN stimulation had larger N surges, which persisted only as long as those secreted by long term OVX untreated rats. The D surge was unaffected. Rats OVX immediately after DMN-VMN stimulation secreted N surges through day 10, but D surges only through day 6. CS of long term OVX rats bearing lesions or sham lesions within the DMN-VMN results in N surges persisting through day 10. However, D surges could not be initiated by CS in rats bearing DMN-VMN lesions. These results suggest that the DMN-VMN is one area which responds to CS by initiating N and D surges of PRL. Excitation of this area is a requirement for the initiation of D, but not N, surges of PRL. However, continuation of the N surge probably involves the excitation of other areas within the central nervous system. PMID- 7308133 TI - The nuclear uptake of 6 alpha-[3H]methylprogesterone and its 20 alpha-hydroxy metabolite: the requirement for multiple receptors. PMID- 7308136 TI - Regulation of glucocorticoid receptors by glucocorticoids in cultured HeLa S3 cells. AB - HeLa S3 cells contain high affinity, saturable receptors specific for glucocorticoids (congruent to 20,000 per cell). Growth of HeLa S3 cells in media containing dexamethasone (10(-6) M) results in a pronounced (congruent to 70%) reduction in the total cellular level of nuclear or cytoplasmic dexamethasone receptor number without any alteration in steroid-receptor dissociation constant (Kd congruent to 1 X 10(-9) M). This reduction in receptor number is not the result of simple receptor occupation, since this effect also occurs when receptor number is modulated by the direct addition of [3H]dexamethasone. Both control and dexamethasone-treated cells attain equilibrium states of receptor binding by 120 min at 0 C and by 60 min at 37 C, enabling estimation of receptor number and affinity by Scatchard analysis of saturation curves. Down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor occurs at steroid concentrations as low as 10(-9) M (40% reduction). This alteration in receptor occurs after 24 h of hormone but not after either 2 or 6 h. Only the active glucocorticoids, (dexamethasone, cortisol) down-regulate glucocorticoid receptors. Cortexolone, estradiol, and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone have no apparent effect on this process, whereas progesterone (10(-7) M) is partially effective. Subcellular distribution studies indicate that glucocorticoids affect only that population of receptors capable of nuclear translocation at 37 C. We conclude that glucocorticoids can regulate the metabolism of their own receptors, via undefined mechanisms. PMID- 7308138 TI - Steroid secretion by sexually immature rat and rabbit testes perfused in vitro. PMID- 7308137 TI - The role of the androgen receptor in erythropoiesis. PMID- 7308139 TI - An examination of various mechanisms for ethanol-induced testicular injury: studies utilizing the isolated perfused rat testes. PMID- 7308140 TI - Effects of growth hormone on adipose tissue of weanling rats. PMID- 7308141 TI - Estrogen antagonists in chick oviduct: antagonist activity of eight synthetic triphenylethylene derivatives and their interactions with cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors. PMID- 7308142 TI - Deficiency of dopamine in the median eminence of Snell dwarf mice. PMID- 7308143 TI - Characterization of the renal handling of vasopressin in the dog by stop-flow analysis. AB - The stop-flow technique has been used to characterize the renal handling of vasopressin in the anesthetized dog. To facilitate the measurement of vasopressin in small urine samples by a specific RIA, the plasma vasopressin concentration was elevated by the iv infusion of arginine vasopressin. Under control conditions, the urinary clearance of vasopressin did not differ significantly from the glomerular filtration rate. The data obtained with the stop-flow technique indicate that vasopressin was reabsorbed from or degraded in the proximal nephron and secreted into the distal nephron. Thus, vasopressin excreted in the final urine is the result of glomerular filtration (which is limited to the extent that vasopressin is bound to plasma proteins), proximal reabsorption or degradation of filtered vasopressin, and distal secretion of vasopressin. It is likely that the tubular secretion of vasopressin is an important component of the renal organ clearance of this hormone. PMID- 7308144 TI - Effects of hydrogen peroxide-generating systems on the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. AB - In bovine thyroid slices, the inhibition of organic binding of iodide by excess iodide in the range 5-10 micrograms/ml was prevented by incubating the slices in the presence of TSH. The Wolff-Chaikoff effect was also overcome by the presence of a hydrogen peroxide-generating system, such as glucose-glucose-oxidase or tyramine. TSH and hydrogen peroxide enhanced the synthesis of both iodotyrosines and iodothyronines. The enhanced organification of iodine in the presence of TSH or hydrogen peroxide was not due to an abrupt synthesis of organic iodine during the early phase of incubation before intrathyroidal iodide concentrations had reached the inhibitory levels. These findings suggest that the inhibition of organic binding of iodine in the presence of excess iodide may be due to a diminished generation or a decreased availability of hydrogen peroxide in the thyroid. PMID- 7308145 TI - Effects of withdrawal of exogenous estradiol from pseudopregnant rabbits: transient nature of loss of luteal function and reversal of estradiol-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone-responsive adenylyl cyclase. AB - We have reported in recent studies that exogenous estradiol (E2) suppresses luteal LH-responsive adenylyl cyclase activity in pseudopregnant rabbits. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this suppression is reversible. High or low level E2-filled Silastic capsules or empty capsules were sc implanted in day 5 pseudopregnant rabbits. On day 8 of pseudopregnancy, the high level E2 implants were either sham replaced, replaced with low level E2 implants, or replaced with empty capsules. The low level E2 implants and empty capsules were sham replaced. Animals from each of the five resulting groups were killed on days 9-12 of pseudopregnancy (1, 2, 3, and 4 days postimplant manipulation). As previously reported using an intermittent injection protocol, exogenous E2 had little effect upon serum progesterone concentrations. Both high and low level E2 implants suppressed the luteal LH-responsive adenylyl cyclase, but the suppression due to the low level E2 implants was not as great as that for the high level E2 implants. Within 24 h of switching from high to low level E2 implants, LH-responsive adenylyl cyclase activity increased from the level found for animals with high level E2 throughout to that found for animals with low level E2 throughout. Total withdrawal of exogenous E2 resulted in a precipitous fall in serum progesterone concentrations, as predicted by previous studies. However, within 4 days of withdrawal, both serum progesterone and luteal LH responsive adenylyl cyclase activity had returned to control values. E2 implants also suppressed serum LH concentrations and follicular LH-responsive adenylyl cyclase activities. Both of these effects were reversed within 24-48 h after implant withdrawal. We conclude, therefore, that effects of exogenous E2 are reversible and that the previously reported E2-induced dependency upon exogenous E2 is related to the experimental protocol used. PMID- 7308146 TI - The 7315a pituitary tumor is refractory to dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin release but contains dopamine receptors. PMID- 7308148 TI - Effects of prolactin on androgen metabolism in androgen target tissues of immature rats. PMID- 7308147 TI - Early actions of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on isolated epithelial cells from rat intestine: II. Analyses of additivity, contribution of calcium, and modulatory influence of indomethacin. PMID- 7308149 TI - Twenty-four-hour secretory pattern of cortisol in the bull: evidence of episodic secretion and circadian rhythm. AB - A single antibody RIA method for measurement of plasma cortisol concentrations in the bull is described. Antisera were obtained from rabbits immunized against cortisol-3-oxime-bovine serum albumin. By this technique, peripheral cortisol levels were determined in seven adult bulls (one blind) during 24- and 48-h periods, with blood collections every 30 min. Statistical evaluation of the 24-h profiles using time series analysis revealed that cortisol is secreted episodically throughout the day-night cycle (range, 0.4-9.7 ng/ml). Despite individual variability in both frequency and amplitude of secretory episodes, a distinct circadian secretion pattern was recognized. After dividing the 24 h into three 8-h time periods (I, 0900-1700 h; II, 1700-0100 h; III, 0100-0900 h), a depressed secretory activity with small episodic bursts not exceeding 3.5 ng/ml plasma consistently occurred during time period II. Increased cortisol secretion with high fluctuating levels was evident during time periods I and III. Maximum cortisol concentrations greater than 8 ng/ml were noticed in the morning at the onset of daylight, whereas lowest values were recorded in the evening when darkness began. Results from this study indicate that there is a temporal correlation between the rhythm of cortisol secretion and the light-dark cycle in the bovine species. PMID- 7308150 TI - Functional differences between the outer and inner zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex. AB - The guinea pig adrenal cortex is grossly composed of two regions: an outer, yellow zone and an inner, brown zone. These zones, which represent 33% and 66% of the total adrenocortical volume, respectively, can be separated by blunt dissection. It has been previously reported that specific pregnenolone and pregnenolone sulfate binding proteins are present in the high speed supernatant fraction (cytosol) prepared from the whole adrenal cortex of the guinea pig. However, when cytosol was prepared from the separate outer and inner cortical zones, it was found that the steroid-binding proteins were concentrated in the inner zone. This correlated with the level of pregnenolone which was significantly greater in the cytosol of the inner zone where greater than 50% was found to be bound. In contrast, the concentration of cortisol was 30 times greater in the cytosol of the outer cortical zone and less than 4% was found to be bound. These data suggest that cortisol is produced primarily in the outer cortical zone, a region which comprises only one-third of the total cortical volume. On the other hand, the coexistence of pregnenolone and its binding protein in the inner cortical zone, a region which comprises two-thirds or the greatest cortical volume, indicates a different functional status for this zone. The exact hormonal control of these two vastly different regions (chromatically, morphologically, and functionally) remains to be determined. It is speculated that the inner cortical zone of the adult guinea pig adrenal is the counterpart of the fetal cortex which did not involute. PMID- 7308151 TI - Parathyroid hormone has a positive inotropic action in the rat. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH: synthetic bovine, amino terminus 1-34 amino acids) demonstrates a positive inotropic action on the isolated papillary muscle of the rat heart. The effect was evident at PTH concentration of 10(-12)M, and the maximum inotropic effect occurred with PTH concentrations greater than 10(-11)M. Biologically inactive PTH (PTH treated with H2O2) was without effect. The inotropic effect of PTH was partially blocked by propranolol and also suppressed in the papillary muscle of the rat pretreated with reserpine. Methoxyverapamil completely blocked the inotropic action of PTH. PTH was without effects on adenylate cyclase activity of the myocardium. Results show the presence of an inotropic action of PTH in vitro and suggest that this action of PTH is partially mediated by releasing the endogenous myocardial norepinephrine which exerts a positive inotropic effect via beta-adrenergic stimulation and by an increase in Ca++ influx across plasma membranes, but independent of adenylate cyclase activation. The inotropic action of PTH may be of significance in normal cardiac function. PMID- 7308152 TI - Bromocriptine inhibits colony formation by rat pituitary tumor cells in a double layered agar clonogenic assay. AB - In order to assess the possible antiproliferative action of bromocriptine on pituitary tumors, the effects of the drug on colony formation were studied using GH3 cells grown in double-layered agar. Bromocriptine (300 nM) clearly inhibited both the number of colonies arising from single tumor cells as well as the size of the tumor cell colonies (p less than 0.001). The drug did not inhibit colony formation by cells derived from 2 non-pituitary tumors. The data show that this dopamine agonist blocks proliferation of rat pituitary tumor cells in vitro and lend further support to the preliminary clinical observations of an anti-tumor effect of bromocriptine in man. PMID- 7308153 TI - Passive transfer of insulitis from the "BB" rat to the nude mouse. AB - The "BB" rat spontaneously develops insulitis, and an insulin-dependent diabetic syndrome like that in man. Lymphocytes were isolated from blood and spleen of newly-detected "BB" diabetic rats and injected intraperitoneally (IP) into athymic nude mice. Of 72 mice receiving single injections 37% showed insulitis, with 13% of islets examined being affected, and mean intensity of 1.9 +/- 0.3 (on a scale of 0 to 3). In 12 mice receiving 3 separate injections of pooled blood and spleen lymphocytes, 58% showed insulitis, with 17% of islets affected, and mean intensity 2.5 +/- 0.3. Of 45 control mice either untreated, injected IP with saline, or injected with cells from nondiabetic control rats, only one showed mild insulitis. No random or post IP glucose hyperglycemia was observed. Thus, 1) passive transfer of insulitis has been achieved; 2) insulitis may be present without glucoregulatory disturbances; 3) the pancreatic B cell need not display abnormal membrane structure for it to be susceptible to involvement in the cell mediated immune process; and 4) detailed studies are required to define the relationship of administered lymphocytes to the observed pathology. PMID- 7308154 TI - Evidence of sex difference in dopaminergic modulation of serum TSH secretion in primary hypothyroidism. AB - We have demonstrated the sex difference with respect to the dopaminergic modulation of serum TSH secretion in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Ten patients, 4 men and 6 women, with hypothyroidism were given 10 mg of Domperidone (Domp) iv, a very potent and specific dopamine receptor blocking agent, which could not readily cross the blood brain barrier. There was a significant rise in the TSH level after Domp iv in female patients with primary hypothyroidism, from basal values at zero time at 74.4 +/- 33.8 (M +/- SE) microU/ml to 171.2 +/- 94.9 at 30 min (p less than 0.001), 159.6 +/- 100.5 at 60 min (p less than 0.001). In contrast, no significant change in serum TSH values after Domp iv occurred in male patients with primary hypothyroidism, from basal values at zero time of 181.1 +/- 39.9 microU/ml to 171.4 +/- 31.1 at 30 min, 180.7 +/- 33.2 at 60 min and 172.7 /+- 31.0 at 90 min. After thyroid hormone therapy, max delta TSH values and the change from basal to peak values were significantly related to basal TSH values in female patients with primary hypothyroidism (r = +0.93, p less than 0.001), while max delta TSH in male patients was inversely related to basal TSH values within the limited concentrations (r - =0.78, p less than 0.02). It was conjectured from our results that maximum TSH responses to intravenous administration of domperidone in male and female hypothyroid patients were observed in respectively different basal TSH values, that is, less than 100 microU/ml in males and more than 100 microU/ml in females. Our findings provided evidence of sex difference in dopaminergic modulation of TSH secretion in primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 7308155 TI - Light-and-dark signal for the initiation of prolactin surges in cervically stimulated rats. AB - Ovulation and pseudopregnancy (psp) can be induced by cervical stimulation in persistent estrous rats maintained in a constant lighting condition (LL-psp rats). Different from the pattern of prolactin (PRL) secretion in usual psp rats maintained in a daily light-dark cycle (LD-psp rats), PRL secretion in these rats during the psp period does not occur in the form of two daily surges. The object of this study was to investigate the role of the external LD cycle for the expression of PRL surges. A large amount of PRL was released in LL-psp rats immediately after cervical stimulation, which is in contrast to LD-psp rats whose first secretion of PRL after cervical stimulation is known to depend on the time of day rather than the time of stimulation. The effect of the change in the lighting condition on the pattern of PRL secretion was investigated in LD- and LL psp rats. Two surges of PRL were induced in LL-psp rats on Day 5 (Day 0 = day of cervical stimulation), if they were moved from LL to LD on Day 0. Conversely, PRL surges diminished in LD-psp rats on Day 5 if they were moved from LD to LL on Day 0. When the change in lighting conditions was made on Day 5, different results were obtained: In LL-psp rats two daily surges were not established on Day 8 in spite of an application of LD condition from Day 5. In LD-psp rats the two surges were still observed on Day 8, though other time of occurrence was shifted. These results suggest that there is a critical period at and shortly after the time of cervical stimulation during which external LD cycle can work as an entraining agent for the expression of PRL surges. Once PRL secretion is coupled to the external LD cycle, the oscillation continues even in LL condition in a free running manner. Exposure to LL condition during this critical period inhibits the establishment of two daily PRL surges throughout a psp period. PMID- 7308156 TI - A TSH secreting pituitary tumor accompanied by high stature: presentation of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 23-year-old man of high stature, with hypogonadism and bitemporal-upper quadrant visual defects was found to have a pituitary tumor. He had a slightly enlarged struma, while he did not show any signs of hyperthyroidism. His serum TSH level (10.4 microunits/ml) was slightly elevated in spite of increased levels of serum thyroid hormone (T3 249 ng/dl, T4 12.0 microgram/dl). Neither the elevated serum TSH levels nor thyroidal uptake of 123I were suppressed after 7 days of 75 microgram triiodothyronine administration. Serum TSH levels did not increase further after TRH administration. Hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland was observed. Following transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, his serum thyroid hormone and TSH levels returned to the normal range. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the existence of numerous TSH positive cells. From these data we concluded that the patient had a pituitary tumor which secreted inappropriate amounts of TSH. PMID- 7308157 TI - Cushing's syndrome associated with corticogenic hypothyroidism: a case study. AB - Described here is a 27-year-old female, who had centripetal obesity, broad reddish-purple striae on the lower abdomen and hypertension. Serum cortisol levels, the results of a dexamethasone suppression test and an adrenal scintigram with 131I-19-iodocholesterol were all compatible with Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma that secretes cortisol autonomously. This was confirmed by gross and microscopic examination of the removed adrenal tumor. In addition, the patient had markedly diminished T4 and T3 concentrations in serum. Basal TSH levels were not elevated and did not rise significantly after TRH injection. Serum T4 and T3 concentrations were elevated to the normal range when the hyperadrenocorticism was corrected. The results indicate that the patient had "'corticogenic hypothyroidism." PMID- 7308158 TI - Long-term effects of perinatal exposure to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on normal and neoplastic mammary development in mice. AB - Daily subcutaneous injection of 200 microgram 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to SHN female mice for the first 5 days of postnatal life resulted in the stimulation of normal and neoplastic mammary development at advanced ages and it also induced the ovarian anovulatory syndrome and stimulated pituitary prolactin secretion. Daily subcutaneous injections of 1 mg 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to pregnant mice from day 12 to day 15 of pregnancy (prenatal treatment) had no effects on their offspring. Long-term effects of 5 alpha-DHT on normal and neoplastic mammary development in mice were generally not so marked as those observed previously with 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone which is biologically inactive in the adult. PMID- 7308159 TI - 1-34 Human parathyroid hormone radioimmunoassay: properties of antiserum against synthetic 1-34 human parathyroid hormone and its clinical application. PMID- 7308160 TI - Exaggerated response of plasma glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) to oral glucose in patients with reactive hypoglycemia. AB - In order to study the pathogenesis of reactive hypoglycemia, the responses of plasma glucose, IRI, glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) and total glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) to 100 g oral glucose load were investigated in twenty-six patients of normal weight with reactive hypoglycemia. Of these patients, nineteen exhibited a diabetic OGTT curve. The findings in these patients were compared to normal control subjects (N = 20) and to disease-matched patients controls (N = 43). The psychological status was assessed by Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire in most of the subjects, who also received an x ray examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In addition, IVGTT was performed in the hypoglycemic patients. No apparent difference in plasma IRI response to oral glucose was observed between the hypoglycemic patients and their respective controls. Plasma total GLI concentrations were significantly increased during OGTT in both hypoglycemic groups. Following an oral glucose load, plasma GI levels were suppressed in the hypoglycemic groups to an extent similar to that in the control despite an apparent fall in their plasma glucose levels to the hypoglycemic range in the former. Radiological alterations in the upper gastrointestinal tract; deformity of the duodenal cap, gastric and/or duodenal ulcer, were found more frequently in the hypoglycemic groups. However, no characteristic change in personality was noticed in the patients. During IVGTT, neither plasma glucose nor total GLI level of the hypoglycemics differed from that of each control. The pathogenic factors responsible for reactive hypoglycemia will be discussed. PMID- 7308161 TI - Correlation of T4 to T3 converting activity with T3 concentration in rat tissues. AB - The correlation between T4 5'-deiodinase activity and thyroid hormone concentration in rat tissues was sought. Studies with normal and thyroidectomized rats indicated a significant correlation of the hepatic T3 concentration with the enzyme activity in liver homogenate (r = 0.80, p less than 0.01) or in liver microsomes (r = 0.08, p less than 0.01). The correlation between the hepatic T4 concentration and activity of the enzyme was less significant (r = 0.55, p less than 0.05 for homogenate, and r = 0.66, p less than 0.01 for microsomes). The degree of T4 5'-deiodinase activity in various organs was found to increase in line with tissue concentration of T3. It seems likely that the level of T4 5' deiodinase activity is controlled by the tissue concentration of T3. PMID- 7308162 TI - Synthesis of glycosylated triiodothyronine in vitro. PMID- 7308163 TI - Depletion and replenishment of glucocorticoid receptor in cytosols of rat tissues after administration of various glucocorticoids. AB - Administration of steroid hormones evokes a rapid fall in the amount of cytoplasmic receptors in target tissues. This has been considered to be a consequence of the receptor translocation to nuclei, but the physiological significance of depletion of the cytoplasmic receptors after hormone administration has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, depletion and replenishment of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor in rat tissues were examined after the administration of glucocorticoids of different biological potencies. Dose dependent depletion was observed in all tissues examined and doses required for complete depletion of the receptor were correlated with biological potencies of steroid administered. The receptor in the heart and the skeletal muscle was relatively sensitive to hormone injection while more than 4 times the amount of steroids was required to induce a similar effect in the thymus and the spleen. The duration of the period of depletion of the receptor in cytosols was also dose dependent and correlated to the biological potency of steroid administered. Replenishment took place earlier in the thymus and the spleen than in the heart and the skeletal muscle. Significantly lower binding affinity was observed in the replenished receptors. The administration of cycloheximide in a dose which inhibits more than 95% of 3H-leucine incorporation did not influence either the depletion or the replenishment of the receptor induced by hormone injection. In conclusion, depletion and replenishment of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor appeared to be closely correlated to the physiological action of hormones. PMID- 7308164 TI - A case of Maffucci's syndrome associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Maffucci's syndrome (association of multiple enchondromatosis and multiple hemangiomata) is rarely associated with other ectodermal tumors. The present case is the second in literature in which the Maffucci's syndrome is associated with the parathyroid adenoma resulting in primary hyperparathyroidism. Although the cystic lesions of the bone and the ectopic calcifications are common to both diseases, pathogenesis apparently not related. The association of parathyroid adenoma with Maffucci's syndrome suggests the potential involvement of mesenchymal organs in this ectodermal neoplastic disorder. PMID- 7308165 TI - [Value of calcitonin determination in the evaluation of completeness of thyroidectomy in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 7308166 TI - [Localization of thyroxine-5' and thyroxine-5 deiodinases in the rat hepatocytes]. PMID- 7308167 TI - [Changes in the estrogen receptor content in the growing uterus of an immature rat after gonadotropin (PMSG, HCG) or estrogen injection]. PMID- 7308168 TI - [Accessory sex organ weight and testosterone concentration in the testicular venous blood depending on seasonal changes]. PMID- 7308169 TI - Effects of pinealectomy on the anterior pituitary mitotic activity. PMID- 7308170 TI - [Effect of a single dose of dihydroergotoxine on the growth hormone level in acromegaly]. PMID- 7308171 TI - [Effect of single doses of indomethacin and aspirin on the serum growth hormone concentration in acromegaly]. PMID- 7308172 TI - [Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the peripheral blood neutrophils in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7308173 TI - Temporal lobectomy for epilepsy: mesial temporal herniation as an operative and prognostic finding. AB - A Series of 23 patients who underwent unilateral temporal lobectomy for complex partial seizures, with a minimum 1 1/2-year follow-up, is reviewed. The most common pathological finding was mesial temporal sclerosis (52%), and this category represents the best overall outcome in terms of either significant improvement or complete remission of the seizure disorder. Seventy-five percent of the patients with this diagnosis had the operative finding of herniation of mesial temporal structures (specifically the uncus and hippocampus) over the tentorial incisura. This finding was also associated with an excellent result. Computed tomography scans with metrizamide enhancement may reveal preoperatively a unilateral herniated mesial temporal lobe or atrophy of mesial temporal structures, both indicating the diagnosis of mesial temporal sclerosis. Improved identification of patients with subtle structural damage to the mesial temporal lobe in association with EEG foci should increase the success of temporal lobectomy for seizure control. PMID- 7308174 TI - Hippocampal neuron density and seizures in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - Mongolian gerbils of the seizure-sensitive strain exhibit epileptic seizures in relation to changes in the environment, a characteristic which has been increased to about 100% by inbreeding. The seizures vary from animal to animal but are rather stable in the individual animal, which makes it possible to study the neuron densities in the hippocampus of the gerbil in relation to seizure type and seizure intensity. Five groups of gerbils with seizures ranging from minor movements and motor arrest to intense generalized convulsions were investigated with a quantitative method including cell counting by light microscope and estimation of possible brain shrinkage, as well as determination of nucleoli and nuclei diameters. The cell densities were determined in different areas of the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus (H-fields). The study discloses a reduction of cell densities in fields H2 and H3 in relation to intense generalized convulsions. It is suggested that the reduction in cell density in field H2 is a result of seizure activity, whereas the field H3 cell loss can be the result of both the hypoxia and the seizure activity. PMID- 7308175 TI - Chronic anticonvulsive therapy, peripheral nerve conduction velocity, and EMG. AB - Chronic, mentally subnormal epileptic patients were clinically and neurophysiologically studied in order to determine the occurrence and type of peripheral nerve dysfunction. We observed significant impairment of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities and H-reflex latencies. Amplitudes of sensory and motor responses were diminished. Motor distal latencies were not prolonged. Conclusive EMG signs of active denervation were not observed. The possible role of anticonvulsive treatment as an underlying noxa is discussed. PMID- 7308176 TI - Social problems of adolescent and adult epileptics in a developing country, as seen in Lagos, Nigeria. AB - Adolescent and adult epileptics attending the Neurology Clinic were interviewed about their social problems. Forty-nine percent were attending normal school; a third of these believed that seizure disorder affected their school performance. Of 40% who had attended school but left, about half withdrew from school prematurely because of the frequency of their seizures. Ninety percent of those who could be employed had jobs. About a third of these had lost income because of the illness. Self-employed patients were most affected. Very few patients lost their jobs despite most employers' knowledge of their employees' epilepsy. About one-sixth had lost friends or spouses because of epilepsy and a few had withdrawn from social activities for fear of having a seizure in public. Others had no problems interacting with other members of the society. Most of the patients claimed they took antiepileptic drugs regularly. One third had difficulty paying for these drugs. One quarter denied being epileptics. In conclusion, the social difficulties of adolescent and adult epileptics in Nigeria are similar to those of epileptics elsewhere. Educational problems are most common and these are related to poor seizure control. This is partly due to financial difficulties in obtaining drugs regularly. PMID- 7308177 TI - Behavioral problems and social competence in children with epilepsy. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate relationships between seizure type in general, degree of interictal limbic system dysfunction in particular, and social competence and behavioral pathology in children with temporal lobe (n=21), primary generalized (n=21), and focal nontemporal epilepsies (n=14). The three groups were closely matched on several variables and compared on the mean Aggression, Total Social Competence, and Total Behavior Problems scale scores derived from a standardized behavioral rating instrument (The Child Behavior Profile). On the Aggression scale , the focal nontemporal group scored significantly lower than the temporal lobe group but did not differ significantly from patients with primary generalized epilepsy. On the Total Behavior Problems and Total Social Competence scales, the three seizure groups did not differ significantly from one another. The results are discussed in terms of the psychologic risk for specific behavioral problems associated with epilepsies varying in their probability of interictal disruption of limbic system functioning. PMID- 7308178 TI - Short-term cytogenetic assays of nine cancer chemotherapeutic drugs with metabolic activation. AB - Nine anticancer drugs were analyzed in cell cultures with respect to their cytogenetic effects with or without the addition of liver fraction S9 as an in vitro metabolic system. Among them, vincristine was the only drug which induced a significant accumulation of mitosis with or without S9. Adriamycin and neocarzinostatin were most potent in induction of chromosome breakage, but their clastogenic activities were reduced after metabolic conversion. On the other hand, cyclophosphamide had a dose-dependent activation of clastogenic effect by S9. The activity of bleomycin was enhanced by S9. S9 had no effect on the activities of actinomycin D, cytosine arabinoside, mitomycin C, and methotrexate. Vincristine showed no clastogenic property in our short-term assay system with or without S9. The activities of these anticancer drugs observed from our assay were compatible with those from other assay systems. The incorporation of S9 or other metabolic systems in routine clastogen assays should allow us to improve our understanding of the genetic toxicity of chemical agents. PMID- 7308179 TI - Aconitase activity, citrate oxidation, and zinc inhibition in rat ventral prostate. AB - Aconitase activity and citrate oxidation were determined in mitochondrial preparations from rat ventral prostate. Aconitase activity in prostate mitochondria was approximately 10% of the activity observed in kidney preparations. The prostate aconitase activity was completely inhibited by the addition of 1.0 mmol/l zinc and kidney aconitase was inhibited by approximately 50%. The presence of 1.0 mmol/l zinc also markedly inhibited the formation of isocitrate from cis-aconitate. The reduction of NADP by citrate was markedly inhibited (approx. 95%) by 1.0 mmol/l zinc as compared with a 70 and 40% inhibition of aconitate--and isocitrate--stimulated reduction, respectively. These results indicate that zinc might be a strong inhibitor of aconitase activity with an inhibitory effect on isocitrate dehydrogenase also. The effect of 1.0 mmol/l zinc on citrate oxidation was studied by determining 14CO2 production from 6-14C-citrate. 14CO2 was significantly inhibited by zinc. These results further corroborate the conclusion that citrate accumulation in prostate might be the result of limited citrate oxidation which results from a combination of low aconitase activity and possibly zinc inhibition. PMID- 7308180 TI - Disruption of Bilharzia transmission in the Kortume flood plain of the Awash Valley, Ethiopia. PMID- 7308181 TI - Skin diseases in Addis Ababa: a preliminary review. PMID- 7308182 TI - Pyuria and significant bacteriuria in urinary tract infections. PMID- 7308183 TI - Full-time ovarian pregnancy: review and case report. PMID- 7308184 TI - Smoking or health in Ethiopia? PMID- 7308185 TI - Molecular forms and hydrodynamic properties of acetylcholine receptor from electric tissue. AB - We have studied purified acetylcholine receptor proteins from Electrophorus electricus and Torpedo marmorata which function in both binding and reconstitution experiments. The molecular properties of these receptor-channel complexes were analyzed under non-denaturing conditions by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation sedimentation studies and laser light scattering. The purified receptor proteins exist in different interconvertible forms depending on both the type and concentration of detergent present, and the presence or absence of an intersubunit disulfide bridge. Receptor purified in the absence of sulfhydryl-blocking agents exists in two monomeric and two dimeric forms at very low detergent concentrations (0.01-0.05% Tween 80). At intermediate detergent concentrations (0.4% Triton X-100) one monomeric and one dimeric form are present. Only the monomeric form remains at high levels of detergent (2% Triton X-100). This form has a sedimentation coefficient of 9.29 S, as measured by ultracentrifugation using Schlieren optics. If receptor is purified in the presence of sulfhydryl-blocking agents, conversion of dimers into monomers by high concentrations of detergent does not occur. Disulfide-reducing agents convert dimers into monomers independent of whether the receptor's free sulfhydryl groups are blocked or not. These findings imply that dimer formation is primarily due to hydrophobic interactions between monomers. When these interactions are reduced by high levels of detergent the intersubunit disulfide bridge is dissociated at the expense of newly formed interasubunit ones, as long as the sulfhydryl group(s) have remained unblocked. Monomers and dimers bind alpha-cobratoxin with the same affinity and kinetics. Dimers of disulfide-linked monomers are not required for the reconstitution of a functional ion-translocation system. The presence of EDTA during the purification of receptor proteins (as recommended by many groups to inhibit proteolysis) adversely influences the activity of the receptor in channel gating. These observations are discussed in terms of the requirements for a purification procedure yielding receptor preparations unaffected by proteolysis and functioning in both binding and ion translocation. The molecular weight of the receptor monomer was determined by several independent techniques and yielded values in the range of 250-300 x 10(3). With a translational diffusion constant D20, w = 2.95 x 10(-7) cm2 s-1 and a sedimentation coefficient s20, w = 9.29 S, the frictional coefficient ratio f/f0 = 1.51 was calculated for the receptor monomer from Torpedo marmorata. This indicates a considerable asymmetry in the shape of the detergent-solubilized receptor. PMID- 7308186 TI - Regulation of acetoacetyl-CoA in isolated perfused rat hearts. AB - The role of ketone bodies and long-chain fatty acids in regulating myocardial content of acetoacetyl-CoA was examined in isolated perfused hearts from fed rats. Addition of 10 mM acetoacetate to a perfusion medium containing 5.5 mM glucose as exogenous substrate resulted in a sevenfold increase of cardiac acetoacetyl-CoA content. Inclusion of 0.75--0.94 mM palmitate in the perfusate did not augment the basal level of acetoacetyl-CoA nor did it influence the already elevated content of the metabolic intermediate shown to exist in the presence of acetoacetate alone. In addition to the observed increase in myocardial acetoacetyl-CoA, a decrease in free carnitine in hearts perfused with acetoacetate was accompanied by elevated ratios of both acetylcarnitine/carnitine and long-chain fatty acylcarnitine/carnitine. Addition of palmitate in the presence of acetoacetate resulted in a further diminution of myocardial free carnitine leading to a further elevation of the long-chain fatty acylcarnitine/carnitine ratio when compared to hearts perfused with the ketone body alone. The changes in myocardial CoA and carnitine and their intermediates in hearts perfused with acetoacetate either alone or in combination with palmitate indicate that ketone bodies can divert fatty acids away from oxidation and toward esterification as triacylglycerols. Even though the interrelationships between ketones and myocardial fatty acid metabolism have not been fully characterized, a role for ketone bodies in promoting the increase in myocardial acetoacetyl-CoA found in diabetic ketoacidosis has been clearly defined. PMID- 7308189 TI - Ribosomal phosphoproteins in Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Ribosomes and subunits from Acanthamoeba castellanii were purified. The pattern of ribosomal proteins was analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The small subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes contains 25 and the large 40 proteins. After incubation of exponentially growing cells with ortho[33P]phosphate for 1 h, one basic protein of the small subunit was radiolabelled. This phosphorylated protein has a molecular weight of about 45000 as estimated by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The level of phosphorylated ribosomal protein as estimated by staining of proteins separated by two dimensional gel electrophoresis changes in response to growth conditions. The maximum level occurs after adding fresh nutrient medium to cells which have been allowed to grow to high density, whereas ribosomes of exponentially growing cells contain low amounts. Transfer of exponentially growing cells into a non-nutrient medium induces the formation of cysts containing ribosomes almost devoid of phosphorylated protein. PMID- 7308188 TI - Catalytic and molecular modifications of succinate dehydrogenase by monovalent inorganic anions. AB - The enzymatic activity and the oxidation state of soluble, activated, substrate reduced succinate dehydrogenase are modified by the presence of bromide. The anion inhibits the enzyme by two different mechanisms which depend on the ratio of bromide to succinate. At high ratios binding of two bromide ions is required and a competitive inhibition is observed: removal of succinate from the substrate binding site (Kd = 0.1 mM) leads to oxidation of the flavin. At lower ratios but with sufficient succinate to saturate a site with Kd = 1.52 mM, uncompetitive inhibition by a single bromide ion is observed. Mechanisms, as well as the possible physiological significance of the novel type of regulation of succinate dehydrogenase, are discussed. PMID- 7308187 TI - Limited proteolysis of porcine-muscle lactic dehydrogenase by thermolysin during reconstitution yields dimers. AB - Reassociation of lactic dehydrogenase from porcine skeletal muscle at 10 degrees C was studied by limited proteolysis during reconstitution, applying thermolysin as proteolytic enzyme. Proteolysis was achieved by short incubation of the reassociating enzyme with the protease in a ratio lactic dehydrogenase:thermolysin = 10:1 (0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.6 plus 1 mM dithioerythritol). Thermolysin was found to satisfy all the obligatory requirements for proteolytic studies of reconstituting enzymes: (a) the protease is essentially inactive towards native lactic dehydrogenase; (b) it splits intermediates of reconstitution at a high rate; (c) it can be inactivated instantaneously by the addition of 10 mM EDTA. As demonstrated by gel chromatography, thermolysin digestion stabilizes dimers of porcine muscle lactic dehydrogenase as intermediates of reconstitution. These 'dimers' consist of virtually intact polypeptide chains of molecular weight about 35000, apart from nicked subunits with molecular weights of 18000 and 12000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analyzing the kinetics of reassociation by thermolysin digestion at various times during reconstitution, and subsequent gel filtration, the dimer replaced by tetramer transition is found to be rate-limiting for both reassociation and reactivation. This result corroborates a previously proposed model for the reconstitution of lactic dehydrogenase, based on either cross-linking experiments [R. Hermann et al. (1979) Nature (Lond.) 277, 243--245], or the reassembly of dimeric intermediates of dissociation [R. Jaenicke et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 114, 525--531]. PMID- 7308190 TI - Expression of the mRNA coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The expression of the mRNA coding for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been studied during embryonic development of the chicken. In each tissue examined, only one mRNA species coding for a single glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit could be detected using translation in vitro with RNA blotting and hybridization. The mRNA species coding for glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase subunits in different chicken tissues have identical electrophoretic mobilities suggesting that they are structurally very similar if not identical. PMID- 7308191 TI - A role in vivo for penicillin-binding protein-4 of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The degree of cross-linking of the peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus H and mutants lacking penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 4 was studied. No major changes were observed in organisms lacking protein 1 whereas loss of protein 4 was accompanied by a marked reduction in the degree of cross-linking and the absence of a membrane-bound 'model' transpeptidase activity. A similar effect was achieved when cultures of the staphylococci were treated with the beta-lactam antibiotic cefoxitin. At low concentrations (0.05 microgram ml-1) cefoxitin shows highest affinity for protein 4 to which it appears to bind irreversibly. Treatment of the mutant lacking protein 4 with this concentration of the antibiotic did not affect the degree of cross-linkage. The possibility that the decrease in cross-linkage was a consequence of DD-carboxypeptidase activity on peptidoglycan precursors was investigated. Although both S. aureus H and the mutants possessed such activity it was insensitive to benzylpenicillin and cefoxitin and the role of this enzyme(s) in peptidoglycan biosynthesis remains unknown. We conclude that in vivo protein 4 acts as a transpeptidase involved in the secondary cross-linking of peptidoglycan and this activity is necessary to achieve the high degree of cross-linkage observed in the peptidoglycan of staphylococci. PMID- 7308192 TI - Characterization of isolated rat-liver cells made permeable with filipin. AB - When isolated rat-liver cells were incubated for 1 min at 37 degrees C with filipin at a concentration of 50 microM, the plasma membrane became permeable to sucrose, inulin, glycerol 3-phosphate and other low-molecular-weight compounds. Upon removal of the filipin and subsequent incubation of the cells at 37 degrees C there was a gradual leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells. However, the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase could be prevented for about 10 min by including glutathione and ATP in the incubation medium. The filipin-treated cells were able to metabolize phosphorylated sugars. The conversion of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate and glucose was inhibited by AMP but not by high concentrations of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. The results indicate that filipin-treated cells can be used to study the kinetic parameters of enzymes in their macromolecular environment in situ. PMID- 7308194 TI - Adenoviral heterogeneous nuclear RNA is associated with host cell proteins. AB - In this study irradiation of intact cells with 244-nm ultraviolet light was used to cross-link hnRNA to proteins that are closely associated with it. In this way proteins interacting specifically with hnRNA could be identified excluding the possibility of non-specific binding of proteins to the RNA during cell fractionation. In uninfected HeLa cells two polypeptides of 41500 and 43000 molecular weight can be cross-linked very efficiently to hnRNA. Other proteins, with molecular weights of 36000 and 37000, were covalently linked less effectively. Irradiation of adenovirus-infected cells results in the cross linking of the same polypeptides to hnRNA. It was found, however, that hnRNA from adenovirus-infected cells contains both viral and host transcripts. Both classes of transcripts are quantitatively associated with the nuclear matrix and can be cross-linked by irradiation with equal efficiency. To determine whether both adenoviral and cellular transcripts are associated with the same proteins, the cross-linked adenoviral hnRNA-protein complexes were isolated by preparative hybridization to adenoviral DNA immobilized on Sepharose. The results show that the purified cross-linked adenoviral hnRNA-protein complexes also contain the host 41500-Mr and 43000-Mr proteins as major components. This suggests that in the infected cell adenoviral-specific hnRNA is associated with host proteins and that the structural organization of viral hnRNA-protein complexes in infected cells probably is similar to the organization of host hnRNA in uninfected cells. PMID- 7308195 TI - Stability of the higher-order structure of chicken-erythrocyte chromatin in solution. PMID- 7308193 TI - Activation by polyamines of the acetylation of endogenous histones in isolated chromatin and nuclei from Artemia. AB - Polyamines have been shown to increase the rate of transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to endogenous histones in chromatin and nuclei from 50-h-old Artemia nauplii, with little changes in the rate of deacetylation. Polyamines were not acetylated by endogenous acetyltransferases in our assay conditions. The activation by polyamines showed a double specificity for both the effector, spermine, and the substrate, the histone H3. The same specificity was found for the activation of isolated histone acetyltransferase when assayed at subsaturating substrate concentration. The concentration of spermine required for half-maximal activation was found to be 50--60 microM. PMID- 7308196 TI - Substrate transfer in carotene biosynthesis in Phycomyces. AB - Lycopene cyclization to gamma-carotene and then to beta-carotene is partially blocked in Phycomyces by the presence of car R mutations in heterokaryosis or by the addition of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)thiotriethylamine . HCl to the medium. We have quantitatively determined the carotenes synthesized by Phycomyces under conditions of partially blocked cyclization and in the presence of either car A mutations in heterokaryosis or polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate (Tween-80) in the medium. We conclude that transfer of intermediate substrates between the enzyme aggregates involved in carotenogenesis does occur in the wild type but not in heterokaryons for car A mutations, and is facilitated by Tween-80. PMID- 7308198 TI - The inhibitory effects of sulphydryl reagents on the transport and hydrolysis of glutamine in rat-liver mitochondria. PMID- 7308197 TI - Activity of phospholipase A2 in the inner membrane of rat-liver mitochondria. AB - The inner membrane of rat liver mitochondria contains a highly active phospholipase A2 which has alkaline pH optimum and requires Ca2+ in the micromolar range. The phospholipase is particularly active on the endogenous phosphatidylethanolamine and release relatively high amounts of docosahexanoic acid. The phospholipase A2 of mitochondria or mitoplasts is not dependent on calmodulin. Using fluorescamine-labelled mitoplasts there are indications that the enzyme is localized on both sides of the inner membrane. PMID- 7308199 TI - Low-level chemiluminescence of isolated hepatocytes. AB - 1. Oxygenation of isolated hepatocytes leads to an increased emission of low level chemiluminescence and to an accumulation of malondialdehyde, both occurring after a lag phase of about 20--40 min. 2. Spectral analysis of oxygen-induced chemiluminescence of isolated hepatocytes showed three bands at 460, 560 and 640 nm, with two shoulders at 525 and 615 nm. Singlet molecular oxygen, formed during the free radical process accompanying lipid peroxidation, is identified as the main source of light emission, on the basis of comparison with spectra of singlet oxygen produced in chemical systems [Khan, A. U. and Kasha, M. (1963) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92, 3293--3300]. 3. Hepatocytes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats, or glutathione-depleted hepatocytes showed a threefold increase in both maximal chemiluminescence intensity and malondialdehyde accumulated, as compared with control cells, whereas the lag phase was not modified by the pretreatments. 4. Glutathione-depleted hepatocytes did not show any increase in spontaneous lipid peroxidation as reflected by either malondialdehyde accumulation or chemiluminescence. A dissociation between both parameters was observed on addition of dithioerythritol: chemiluminescence intensity decreased while the malondialdehyde content remained unaltered. 5. It is concluded from these experiments that low-level chemiluminescence emitted from hepatocytes at wavelengths beyond 600 nm ('red band') monitors the steady-state concentration of singlet molecular oxygen, providing a useful tool to examine oxygen-dependent radical damage. Continuous monitoring of singlet oxygen levels affords an advantage over parameters measuring accumulative effects. PMID- 7308200 TI - Comparative study of the iron-binding properties of transferrins. Differences in the involvement of histidine residues as revealed by carbethoxylation. PMID- 7308201 TI - Substrate-binding site of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus. AB - The substrate-binding site of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus was investigated using, 1,4-beta-xylooligosaccharides (1-3H)-labelled at the reducing end. Evaluation of the affinities of ten imaginary subsites by the method of Suganuma et al. [1978, J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 84, 293--316] pointed out that the substrate-binding site of the enzyme is composed of four subsites and that the catalytic groups are localized in the centre. The imaginary subsites on the left-hand side of the binding site ('non-reducing-end' side) showed little or no affinity to bind xylosyl residues. For the subsites on the right-hand side of the binding site ('reducing-end' side) negative values of affinity were obtained, which means this region of the enzyme is unfavourable for complexing with xylosyl residues. As a consequence of the asymmetric distribution of negative values of affinity around the binding site, the enzyme displays a strong preference for attacking near the reducing end of the substrate. Regardless of the length of [1 3H]xylooligosaccharides, [1-3H]xylobiose was the prevailing reaction product at an early stage of hydrolysis, and frequency distribution of bond cleavage decreased from the second glycosidic bond towards the non-reducing end. Additional information on the substrate-binding site of C. albidus beta-xylanase was obtained by evaluating the efficiency of xylose, xylobiose, methyl beta-D xyloside and phenyl beta-D-xyloside to serve as glycosyl acceptors in the transglycosylic reactions proceeding at high concentrations of xylotriose. PMID- 7308202 TI - Mechanisms of substrate digestion by endo-1,4-beta-xylanase of Cryptococcus albidus. Lysozyme-type pattern of action. AB - The action pattern and reaction mechanism of the endo-1,4-beta-xylanase of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus were investigated using reducing-end (1-3H)-labelled and uniformly 14C-labelled beta-1,4-xylooligosaccharides up to xylopentaose. The enzyme was found to catalyze degradation of oligosaccharides also by other pathways than a simple hydrolytic cleavage. Bond-cleavage frequency of xylotriose, xylotetraose and xylopentaose were found to be concentration dependent. At high substrate concentration reactions such as xylosyl, xylobiosyl and xylotriosyl transfer occur and result in the formation of products larger than the starting substrate. Xylose and xylobiose to significant extent enter the reaction pathways as glycosyl acceptors. None of the transglycosylic reactions observed with reducing-end-labelled substrates or acceptors were accompanied by a significant label redistribution from the reducing-end unit, suggesting that the enzyme-glycosyl intermediates effective in the transfer reactions can be formed from the non-reducing-end units of oligosaccharides. Evidence for the formation of a termomolecular shifted complex of beta-xylanase with xylotriose has also been obtained. All features of the degradation of oligosaccharides by beta xylanase are consistent with the lysozyme-type reaction mechanism. PMID- 7308203 TI - The specificity requirements of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme. Involvement of N acetamido groups. AB - Bacillus cereus peptidoglycan with N-unsubstituted glucosamine residues was insensitive to treatment with bacteriophage T4 lysozyme. After N-acetylation with acetic anhydride, T4 lysozyme cleared solutions of the peptidoglycan and reducing sugars were liberated. The digestion products were mainly of high molecular weight, since the peptidoglycan is peptide cross-linked to a great extent. N Propylation did not convert the partially N-unsubstituted peptidoglycan to a sensitive form. It is concluded that the acetamido groups are required for binding and/or catalysis by T4 lysozyme. PMID- 7308204 TI - A study of the structure of fibronectin. AB - The structure of a fibronectin molecule has been studied by circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, scanning microcalorimetry and electron microscopy. It has been shown that the secondary structure of fibronectin is formed exclusively by the antiparallel beta-form -- 35%; the fibronectin molecule consists of several domains; the protein has a compact structure, the length of the molecule is 15.5 +/- 1.3 nm, the width is 8.8 +/- 1.7 nm, the axial ratio is approximately 2:1.1. PMID- 7308205 TI - Autorosette inhibition factor: isolation and properties of the human plasma protein. PMID- 7308206 TI - Characterization of the sulfated monosialosyltriglycosylceramide from bovine gastric mucosa. AB - A sulfated monosialosyltriglycosylceramide was isolated from the lipid extract of bovine gastric mucosa in a yield of 2.52 microM/kg of wet tissue. The isolation procedure involved extraction of lipids with 0.4 M sodium acetate in methanol/chloroform/water, alkaline methanolysis, column fractionation on DEAE Sephadex and silicic acid, and thin-layer chromatography. Based on the results of partial acid hydrolysis, sequential degradation with specific glycosidases, periodate oxidation, and methylation analysis of the native and partially degraded compound, the structure of this glycolipid is proposed to be: GalNAc beta 1 leads to 4(SO3H leads to 8Sia alpha 2 leads to 3)Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc1 leads to 1Cer. The sialic acid of this glycolipid consisted of N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-glycoloylneuraminic acid, with the former being predominant component (71%) of the mixture. PMID- 7308207 TI - Induction and specificity of a (cytochrome P-450)-dependent laurate in-chain hydroxylase from higher plant microsomes. AB - The substrate and product specifities of the (cytochrome P-450)-dependent laurate monooxygenase from tuber tissues of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) were investigated. The plant enzyme appeared strictly specific for the C12 free fatty acid and produced a mixture of C-8, C-9 and C-10 hydroxylated lauric acids, the C-9 derivative being predominant. No C-12 or C-11 hydroxylated laurates were detected. The activity of the enzyme, which was not detectable in the intact tuber, was induced by slicing and aging the tissues on water, and strongly superinduced by the addition of manganese and phenobarbital to the aging medium. Regulation of laurate hydroxylase was clearly independent from that of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, another plant cytochrome P-450 enzyme. PMID- 7308208 TI - Six polymorphic crystal forms of alpha-cobratoxin. AB - Six different crystal forms of the long neurotoxin alpha-cobratoxin isolated from the venom of Naja naja siamensis have been obtained and the conditions for their crystallisation are described. Heavy atom derivatives for two of these forms have been prepared and have proven suitable for high-resolution X-ray studies and, with one of them, a 0.28-nm resolution structure has been determined. All but one of the crystal forms were grown between pH 2 and pH 3. Two novel suggestions are made which may be applicable to other protein crystallisation studies. One involves cocrystallisation with mercurous iodide and the other describes a two step microdialysis procedure, first against salt solution, followed by dialysis against poly(ethylene glycol). PMID- 7308209 TI - Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance study on molecular conformations of long neurotoxins. alpha-Bungarotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus and Toxin B from Naja naja. AB - The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra were analyzed of the long neurotoxins alpha bungarotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus and Toxin B from Naja naja. The aromatic proton resonances were completely assigned to individual nuclei for alpha bungarotoxin and in part for toxin B. The pH dependences of proton chemical shifts were analyzed by the nonlinear least-square method, for obtaining pKa values and protonation shifts. The pKa values of Tyr-25, an invariant residue of neurotoxins, are 12.1 for alpha-bungarotoxin and 11.3 for toxin B, suggesting the presence of a strong hydrogen bond involving Tyr-25 in alpha-bungarotoxin. The Trp-29 residues of both toxins show a common titration shift due to the carboxylate group of Asp-31 and a similar structural arrangement of functionally invariant pair of Trp-29 and Asp-31 is implied. From the temperature dependences of the chemical shifts of His-68 and a methyl group of alpha-bungarotoxin, the local structure around His-68 near the tail part is shown to be more flexible than the other part. The six main-chain amide protons of alpha-bungarotoxin exchange most slowly with solvent deuterons and are found by interproton nuclear Overhauser effects to be in the beta-sheet near the aromatic ring of Tyr-25 residue. Hydrogen leads to deuterium exchange rates in 2H2O solution at 37 degrees C were measured of slowly exchanging amide protons of alpha-bungarotoxin, toxin B, and two short neurotoxins, namely cobrotoxin and erabutoxin b. The two long neurotoxins have amide protons with relatively long half-times spanning as long as 10-100 h, but the two short neurotoxins do not have amide protons with half-times longer than 3 h. The distributions of the half-times of amide proton exchange indicate the structural rigidity of neurotoxins in the order, alpha bungarotoxin greater than toxin B greater than cobrotoxin approximately erabutoxin b, in agreement with the order of neurotoxicity as reported previously by Chicheportiche et al. and by Lee and Chen. PMID- 7308210 TI - Turnover rates of phosphoryl groups in ribosomal proteins of Physarum polycephalum. Evidence for two different mechanisms. AB - The rate of phosphate exchange in individual ribosomal proteins of Physarum polycephalum was determined in vivo. It was observed that the phosphoryl groups of S3, the major phosphoprotein, had a turnover rate of 1.5% per minute. The phosphoryl groups of proteins L1, L20 and L24 were stable. These results show that the phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins is regulated by at least two different mechanisms. The rapid turnover of phosphoryl groups of the major phosphoprotein is in agreement with the general observation that the phosphate content of this protein is modulated by the physiological state of the cells and possibly involved in the regulation of ribosome activity. The absence of phosphate exchange in acidic proteins suggests that these groups could play a structural role in the ribosome functions. PMID- 7308212 TI - Domain structure of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. PMID- 7308211 TI - On the role of the carbohydrate side chains of human plasminogen in its interaction with alpha 2-antiplasmin and fibrin. PMID- 7308213 TI - Evidence from inhibitor studies for conformational changes of citrate synthase. AB - 1. Substrate analogue CoA derivatives were applied as inhibitors of citrate synthase. Substitution of the acyl-CoA oxygen next to sulfur by hydrogen was without marked influence on the affinity. 2. Carboxymethyl-CoA, a structural analogue of enolic acetyl-CoA, was characterized as a transition state analogue by an affinity 100-fold higher than that of acetyl-CoA. Ks of the binary inhibitor-enzyme complex was high (230 microM) but that of the ternary inhibitor oxaloacetate-enzyme complex was 0.07 microM. Both enzyme subunits bound the inhibitor independently, also in the presence of oxaloacetate. 3. (3R,S)-3,4 Dicarboxy-3-hydroxybutyl-CoA, an analogue of citryl-CoA, inhibited the overall reaction noncompetitively against acetyl-CoA and against oxaloacetate; it was a competitive inhibitor against the hydrolysis and cleavage reactions of (3S) citryl-CoA. Kinetic data suggest that this inhibitor represents an intermediate analogue. 4. The results given above indicate conformational changes of the synthase during the catalytic cycle. In the proposed mechanism the free enzyme represents a hydrolase which in the presence of oxaloacetate, by a well-known conformational change, is converted into a ligase. If both substrates are present, the ligase is reconverted into the hydrolase upon formation of the intermediate, (3S)-citryl-CoA. PMID- 7308214 TI - Conformation of chromatin oligomers. A new argument for a change with the hexanucleosome. AB - Quasielastic laser light scattering measurements have been made on chromatin oligomers to obtain information on the transition in their electrooptical properties, previously observed for the hexameric structures [Marion, C. and Roux, B. (1978) Nucleic Acids Res. 5, 4431-4449]. Translational diffusion coefficients were determined for mononucleosomes to octanucleosomes containing histone H1 over a range of ionic strength. At high ionic strength, oligomers show a linear dependence of the logarithm of diffusion coefficient upon the logarithm of number of nucleosomes. At low ionic strength a change occurs between hexamer and heptamer. Our results agree well with the recent sedimentation data of Osipova et al. [Eur. J. Biochem. (1980) 113, 183-188] and of Butler and Thomas [J. Mol. Biol. (1980) 140, 505-529] showing a change in stability with hexamer. Various models for the arrangements of nucleosomes in the superstructure of chromatin are discussed. All calculations clearly indicate a conformational change with the hexanucleosome and the results suggest that, at low ionic strength, the chromatin adopts a loosely helical structure of 28-nm diameter and 22-nm pitch. These results are also consistent with a discontinuity every sixth nucleosome, corresponding to a turn of the helix. This discontinuity may explain the recent electric dichroism data of Lee et al. [Biochemistry (1981) 20, 1438 1445]. The hexanucleosome structure which we have previously suggested, with the faces of nucleosomes arranged radially to the helical axis has been recently confirmed by Mc Ghee et al. [Cell (1980) 22, 87-96]. With an increase of ionic strength, the helix becomes more regular and compact with a slightly reduced outer diameter and a decreased pitch, the dimensions resembling those proposed for solenoid models. PMID- 7308216 TI - Tryptic modification of human serum low-density lipoprotein leads to altered rates of turnover and intravascular transformation in the guinea pig. AB - The metabolism of human serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its trypsin treated counterpart have been compared in the guinea pig in vivo. Removal of surface-exposed protein from the lipoprotein particle in this way resulted in significant modification of its metabolism in guinea pigs in vivo. Limited trypsinisation of LDL permitted removal of 20-25% of its protein moiety; trypsinised LDL was deficient in lysine and arginine residues (25-30% of each removed). The modified particle retained its basic structural features, such as internal molecular architecture, but displayed an elevated net negative surface charge and diminished immunological reactivity. Following intravascular injection of iodinated LDL (131I) and trypsinised LDL (125I) into the same animal, the two lipoproteins displayed biexponential decays; the rate constants for the plasma turnover of LDL and trypsinised LDL were significantly different (P less than 0.05), trypsinised LDL exhibiting a slower disappearance from the circulation. Density-gradient ultracentrifugation revealed marked elevation in the modal densities of both LDL and trypsinised LDL upon metabolism in vivo, although the rate of increase was greater for trypsinised LDL than LDL in each case (average increment 0.022 g/ml and 0.014 g/ml at 24 h respectively). The diminished plasma clearance of trypsinised LDL as compared to the native human and guinea pig LDL indicates that sites required for the cellular recognition and uptake of the LDL particle reside in its surface-exposed, trypsin-accessible protein. Furthermore, such protein appears to play a central role in regulating the intravascular processes by which the lipid content of LDL is diminished, and by which it is transformed to a particle of higher density. PMID- 7308215 TI - Storage proteins in Zea mays (L.): interrelationship of albumins, globulins and zeins in the opaque-2 mutation. AB - Mature endosperms from opaque-2 mutant seeds with various genetic backgrounds (B 37, W 64A, R 802A and Oh 43) contained twice as much globulin than the corresponding normals, reduced amounts of zein and an increased amount of albumin. The latter is caused by a diminished disappearance of albumins in mutant endosperms during the final phases of development as compared to normal endosperms. Albumins from the opaque-2 endosperms appeared on gel electrophoresis as a similar but heterogenous polypeptide population comparable to that of normal endosperms except that in all opaque-2 forms a 70-kDa polypeptide was increased. Similarly, one to three specific globulin polypeptides (47 kDa, 52 kDa and 58 kDa) were, depending on the genotype, increased in the mutant lines. The accumulation of albumins, globulins and zeins, studied in developing W 64A opaque 2 mutant and corresponding normal maize kernels from 10 days after pollination until maturity, demonstrated two-phasic accumulation patterns for all proteins in the mutant, the first phase extending to about 30 days post pollination and the second one from there on until maturity. The transition time-point from first to second phase was characterized in mutant endosperm by a sudden reduction in accumulating albumins (also seen in normal endosperm), by an enhanced accumulation of globulins and the cessation of further accumulation of zein. Preferential accumulation of certain globulins has been found in the mutant during the second phase of globulin formation. The increased accumulation of globulins in the opaque-2 mutant endosperm is considered a response to the arrest in zein synthesis. PMID- 7308217 TI - The extent of histone acetylation induced by butyrate and the turnover of acetyl groups depend on the nature of the cell line. AB - Cells possessing widely different physiological and morphological features have been treated with substances known to stimulate the differentiation of erythroleukemia cells. Only short fatty acids are capable of causing a hyperacetylation of the core histones and of enhancing the level of an H1-like protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells. While the time courses of a butyrate mediated acetylation are similar for all cells, the maximum histone acetyl contents are much higher for the transformed cell of a given type. A withdrawal of butyrate rapidly (within 45 min) gives rise to a 'hypoacetylated state' for fibroblasts and transformed fibroblast (epithelial) cells from which there is a slow recovery. Lymphoid cells, on the other hand, display a marked persistance of the highly acetylated forms of histone H4. PMID- 7308218 TI - Cytochromes P-450 LM3b and LM4 in biosynthesis of bile acids. AB - Cytochromes P-450 LM3b and LM4 were prepared from untreated and cholestyramine treated rabbits. The catalytic properties of these cytochrome P-450 fractions towards substrates in bile acid biosynthesis were studied in reconstituted systems containing NADPH -- cytochrome P-450 reductase and phospholipid. Cytochrome P-450 LM3b showed no hydroxylase activity towards cholesterol and only low activity towards some other C27-steroids whereas it catalyzed efficient hydroxylation of testosterone and demethylation of ethylmorphine. Preparations of cytochrome P-450 LM4 catalyzed hydroxylation of cholesterol and other C27 steroids more efficiently than microsomes. Cytochrome b5 had no stimulatory effect on the C27-steroid hydroxylase activities. PMID- 7308220 TI - The protochlorophyllide holochrome of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The effect of light on the NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. AB - During the illumination of etiolated barley plants a rapid decline of the NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase is observed. Within the first 5 min of continuous light approximately 90% of the enzyme activity present in dark-grown barley plants disappears and, at the same time, the amount of enzyme protein is diminished by more than 60%. No stable polypeptide fragments have been found which might be formed during the light-induced degradation of the enzyme protein. The rate of enzyme protein synthesis is not drastically affected at the beginning of the illumination period. During the subsequent light-dependent chloroplast development a phytochrome-induced decline in the rate of protein synthesis, concomittant with a continuous light-dependent degradation of the enzyme protein, leads to a progressive decrease of the concentration of the enzyme. After 6 h of continuous light, when the rate of chlorophyll accumulation is at its greatest, only traces of the enzyme protein are visible and the enzyme activity is no longer detectable within the plants. In contrast to previous concepts of chlorophyll biosynthesis in higher plants, our results present evidence that the NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase functions only for a short time period after the onset of light. PMID- 7308219 TI - A 13C nuclear-magnetic-resonance study on free flavins and Megasphaera elsdenii and Azotobacter vinelandii flavodoxin. 13C-enriched flavins as probes for the study of flavoprotein active sites. PMID- 7308221 TI - Fully automated data acquisition, processing, and display in equilibrium radioventriculography. PMID- 7308222 TI - 131I rose bengal: its use in the evaluation of infantile jaundice. AB - One-hundred ten 131I-rose bengal studies (RBI) were performed in infants suspected of having biliary atresia. Fecal RBI excretion of less than 10% was observed in 72 of 73 cases of extrahepatic biliary atresia, but also in 10 of 37 cases of intrahepatic cholestasis of various origins. One-hundred twenty-two RBI tests were performed in children operated on for extrahepatic biliary atresia and 71 tests were performed between postsurgical weeks 3 and 8, and 51 tests were done later. Prognostically, early tests show that fecal RBI excretion of more than 15% was observed in 2 of 34 cases who were later completely jaundice-free and in only 1 of 37 cases where no bile flow restoration occurred. PMID- 7308223 TI - Determination of radiochemical purity and stability of 99mTc-diethyl HIDA. AB - Several chromatographic methods have been used for determining the radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-diethyl HIDA (Solco HIDA). Good separation of 99mTc-HIDA from 99mTc-hydrolyzate and nonreduced 99mTcO4- was obtained in a short time using Gelman ITLC (SA) and 2N NaC1 as the mobile phase. In vitro stability was followed by the same method. It was found that the presence of oxygen from air enhances the percentage of 99mTcO4- in the preparation. Formation of a chelate of 99mTc HIDA with a high stability constant was established by using Sephadex G-25 filtration. The degree of binding of 99mTc-diethyl HIDA to blood plasma proteins, examined by the same method. In vivo stability was examined by analyzing bile and urine, which were found to contain 99mTc-HIDA chelate. Biodistribution of the preparation was also investigated in experimental animals. PMID- 7308226 TI - Final height and pubertal development in 55 children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, treated for between 2 and 15 years with human growth hormone. PMID- 7308224 TI - Placental transfusion--advantage an disadvantage. PMID- 7308225 TI - Plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and other regulatory peptides in children with neurogenic tumours. AB - Plasma regulatory peptide levels were studied in a group of 21 children with neurogenic tumours and in 22 control children. Plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels were significantly higher in children with neurogenic tumours than in normal children or those with other tumours (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in plasma levels of gastrin, pancreatic glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide. The plasma VIP level may thus be a helpful diagnostic marker for neurogenic tumours in children. PMID- 7308228 TI - Changes in blood glucose, glycosylate hemoglobin and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity following meals in diabetic children. PMID- 7308227 TI - Exposure to X-rays during small bowel biopsies in children. AB - Peroral small bowel biopsy is a decisive step in the diagnosis of coeliac disease and is performed frequently. The patient's exposure to ionizing radiation during fluoroscopic control therefore deserves consideration. Compared to data in the literature, the biopsy method employed at the University Children's Hospital in Vienna achieves a markedly shorter duration of fluoroscopy. These values were registered during 1039 biopsies. In 439 examinations the exposure area products were also documented In 10 consecutive biopsies additional measurements were carried out by lithium fluoride thermoluminescence dosimeters attached to the patient. Expert biopsy-technique with precise and thoughtful use of modern fluoroscopes on the one hand, and critical self-control by routine documentation of the exposure area product and duration of fluoroscopy on the other can markedly reduce the patient's exposure to X-rays. PMID- 7308229 TI - The value of EEG and cerebral evoked potentials in the assessment of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. AB - The EEG, visual and auditory evoked potentials (VEP, AEP) were evaluated in 16 full-term newborn infants who had intracranial hemorrhage documented by computerized tomography (CT). Three of them had supratentorial, three, supra- and infratentorial hemorrhage, while the other ten had infra- or pri-tentorial bleeding. Three died during the neonatal period. Eight of the 13 surviving infants were neurologically normal and five were abnormal at the time of the follow-up. Those who had normal or mildly abnormal background EEGs all developed normally, while those whose neonatal EEG was severely abnormal subsequently developed neurological sequelae irrespective of the extent of intracranial hemorrhage. The EEG, VEP or AEP is of little value in the diagnosis of intracranial bleeding but the EEG is valuable in assessing the degree of associated parenchymatous damage and is of great prognostic significance. PMID- 7308230 TI - Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism in Greece. AB - One year's experience in screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Greece is reported. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) determination by a radioimmunoassay on dried blood spots was selected as the screening method. During the first year of screening 75,879 newborn infants were tested from Guthrie blood spots taken on the 5th day of life. Eighteen cases of primary congenital hypothyroidism with serum TSH levels over 100 microIU/ml were detected, giving an incidence of 1: 4200. One case had already been diagnosed clinically. Replacement treatment was started between the 22nd and the 50th days of life. PMID- 7308231 TI - Neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathy in North Sardinia. PMID- 7308232 TI - Fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in healthy children. PMID- 7308233 TI - A new approach to detection of heterozygotes for adenosine deaminase deficiency: a hypothetical method. AB - In a second and third families with ADA deficiency found in Japan, we tried a new approach to evaluate heterozygote detection. This is based on the hypothesis that ADA activity of red blood cell is the quantitative sum of the activities of ADA proteins expressed by two allelic genes at the ADA autosomal locus, and that these activities are not changed by the gene transmission from parents to children. We have detected red blood cell-ADA activities expressed by the one normal allelic gene in heterozygotes (including parents and paternal or maternal grandfather or grandmother) and from these values have determined combinations for the pair of ADA activities expressed by the two allelic genes of other family members. These combinations were consistently made in all relatives examined in the two families, and we conclude that several members of each family who were judged to have nil activity in the combinations were heterozygotes for ADA deficiency. PMID- 7308234 TI - A boy with Leydig cell tumour and precocious puberty: ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid. AB - A 7 1/2 year-old boy developed pseudoprecocious puberty. The diagnosis of Leydig cell tumour was suggested by clinical and hormonal findings and greatly facilitated by ultrasonographic investigation of the testes. Surgical exploration was in keeping with the diagnosis and the tumour was removed. Orchidectomy was not necessary. It appears that ultrasonography may be very useful in diagnosing a testicular tumour. It facilitates surgical intervention since it permits localization of the lesion which is usually very small and limited to a small part of the testis, as in this case. PMID- 7308235 TI - Frontonasal dysplasia as an expression of holoprosencephaly. PMID- 7308236 TI - Partial monosomy 10p syndrome. AB - A 7 year-old girl is described with a de novo deletion of the short arm of chromosome 10 (qter p13:). The clinical features of: mental retardation, a large asymmetric head, antimongoloid slant, exophthalmos, epicanthus, ptosis, abnormal ears, pectus excavatum and widely spaced nipples are compared with those of five earlier reported cases with a deletion 10p. The data available suggest the existence of a clinically recognizable monosomy 10p syndrome. PMID- 7308237 TI - Absorption and elimination of (14C) hesperidin methylchalcone in the rat. AB - Hesperidin methylchalcone resorption and excretion were studied in rats, using 14C-labelling. The level of radioactivity in the blood showed a peak 1-2 hours after oral administration of the labelled compound, at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The blood kinetics pattern suggested an entero-hepatic cycle, which was demonstrated by i.v. administration of the compound at the same dose. The blood profiles for both administration routes, demonstrated that the bioavailability of the active principle was good. Urinary excretion was lower than faecal excretion after oral ingestion, and both were comparable after administration via the i.v. route. Moreover, excretion mainly occurred within the first 24 hours following administration. When hesperidin methylchalcone was given in a therapeutic, pharmaceutical formulation, its bioavailability was greatly improved. (This was not due to the alcoholic ingredient in the formula). PMID- 7308238 TI - Disposition of pranolium chloride in dogs, baboons and monkeys. AB - The general disposition of [14C]-Pranolium Chloride (SC-27761), a potential anti arrhythmic agent, has been studied in the beagle dog, baboon and rhesus monkey. The compound was moderately absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract of the three species at 5 mg/kg. There was appreciable inter-animal variation in the amount of absorption, and the absorption was dose-dependent in the monkey. After i.v. dosage the radioactivity was largely cleared via the kidneys. The initial elimination half-lives for Pranolium in the dog and primate were between 0.6 to 3.1 hours after i.v. dosage, but could not be determined after oral dosage. Less than 1% of the dose was localised in monkey fetal tissues, two hours after an i.v. dose was given to pregnant female rhesus monkeys, and the highest concentrations of radiolabel were detected in fetal liver. Pranolium was found to be extensively metabolised and 1-naphthol was identified as a major metabolite. Pranolium was excreted in urine both unchanged and as conjugates, but 1-naphthol was excreted largely as conjugates. PMID- 7308239 TI - The in vitro metabolism of N,N-dimethylaniline by guinea pig and rabbit tissue preparations. AB - A study of the in vitro metabolism of N,N-dimethylaniline using guinea pig and rabbit preparations and GLC techniques has confirmed N-demethylation and N oxidation and established ring hydroxylation as metabolic routes. Whereas N demethylation and N-oxidation are major routes of metabolism, ring hydroxylation is a comparatively minor pathway. Like N-demethylase and N-oxidase, the 4 hydroxylase has been shown to be a microsomal enzyme. The major ring hydroxylated product of N,N-dimethylaniline is N,N-dimethyl-4-aminophenol; N-methyl-4 aminophenol is subsequently formed. The apparent Km and V max values for N demethylation, N-oxidation and 4-hydroxylation, are presented for both the guinea pig and the rabbit. PMID- 7308240 TI - The pharmacokinetics of lisuride hydrogen maleate in rat, rabbit and rhesus monkey. AB - The pharmacokinetics of lisuride hydrogen maleate (LHM) were investigated in rat, rabbit and rhesus monkey. Experiments were designed to meet not only the requirements of drug registration but also to serve other preclinical disciplines (toxicology, pharmacology). LHM is absorbed almost completely at a dose level of 100-250 micrograms/kg. During absorption and first liver passage (FPE) LHM is metabolized. The FPE was highest in the rhesus monkey and lowest in the rat. Calculated on bioavailability during chronic tolerance studies, in the highest dose group rats were burdened with 180-fold and rhesus monkeys with 70-fold the highest human dose (parkinsonism). Total clearance values indicated the presence of extrahepatic metabolism in all animal species. Terminal half-lives of unchanged drug in plasma were in the range of a few hours. Therefore, no accumulation of unchanged drug was expected to occur following daily repeated administration in the animal species investigated. Elimination of 14C radioactivity proceeded mainly via the liver in rat and rabbit. The rhesus monkey excreted most of the dose administered in the urine. Enterohepatic circulation of 14C-material was demonstrated in the rat. In the rat but not in the other two species a small part of the dose (about 2%) accumulated in blood cells in the form of metabolites. Unchanged lisuride is able to cross membranes very rapidly, this was shown in distribution studies (whole-body autoradiography of rat, direct measurements in rat and rabbit). Transfer of lisuride into fetuses and brain is governed by its concentration in plasma. Drug level decrease in fetuses and brain was shown to somewhat slower than in plasma. Detailed evaluation of the distribution pattern in the brain of rat and rabbit showed a high affinity of lisuride for its preferential target tissue, the pituitary. PMID- 7308241 TI - Comparative blood level of dihydroergotoxine (DHET) after administration of two oral forms (solution & tablet): a preliminary study. AB - In this preliminary study, using a radioimmunoassay, we demonstrate that the DHET blood levels observed after administration of an oral solution to human subjects, were different from those obtained after administration of a slow-release table. After administration of the oral solution, the DHET blood levels rose quickly, reached a peak between 1 and 2 hours and the decrease rapidly. On the contrary, after ingestion of a slow-release tablet of DHET, the plasma levels took 6 hours to reach the maximum due to the slow release of the drug from this dosage form. In both cases, the areas under the curves were very similar but the relative bioavailability of DHET in these two forms is very different if one considers the two components of availability extent and rate. The equality of the areas under the curves indicated that the extent of DHET available was the same, but time course of the plasma levels showed that the rate at which DHET became available was significantly slower. Therefore the tablet form has given the desired "slow release" availability for which it was designed. PMID- 7308242 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-labelled alinidine in man and dogs. AB - Radioactively labelled alinidine was administered intravenously (10 mg) and orally (40 mg) to 5 healthy volunteers and beagle dogs (3 animals for each administration route: 0.1 mg/kg body weight i.v. and 1 mg/kg body weight p.o.). Alinidine was totally absorbed in both species. Regardless of the route of administration man excreted the drug via the kidneys within 12 hours, almost entirely in the unchanged form. The blood plasma curves in man followed a multiexponential decline (t 1/2 alpha : 35 sec, t 1/2 beta : 44 min, t 1/2 gamma : 210 min). The maximum plasma levels of the drug were recorded in man, 45 min after oral administration. However, the rather slow decline of plasma radioactivity observed in dogs, corresponded well with the delayed urinary excretion of alinidine (50% of the administered dose) in this species. Dogs metabolized the drug extensively; seven different metabolites including the parent compound were isolated from canine urine. considerable interindividual differneces were found concerning the quantitive but not the qualitative metabolic pattern of alinidine in dogs. Structural analysis by mass spectrometry revealed oxidation, hydroxylation, and cleavage products of alinidine, altered in its imidazolin and/or allylic moiety. In both species no traces of clonidine were found, which was a predicted metabolite formed by the removal of the allylic sidechain of alinidine. PMID- 7308243 TI - EEG power and coherence during non-REM and REM phases in humans in all-night sleep analyses. AB - All-night spectral power and coherence analysis of six channels of EEG data from 6 healthy volunteers was performed. Integrated power and integrated coherence for the frequency bands of 0.1-7 and 7-12 Hz in 20 s epochs was plotted over the entire nights. Power and coherence increased with deepening slow wave sleep. With the onset of REM periods, power expectedly decreased, whereas coherence showed a further increase or maintained levels. With post-REM phase awakenings, power showed further reductions, and coherence decreased. The REM coherence results were most pronounced in interhemispheric right to left parietal comparisons (recorded vs. a Cz reference) in the 0.1-7 Hz band. It is hypothesized that the high interhemispheric coherence facilitates or reflects right-left transfer of information. PMID- 7308244 TI - Myasthenia gravis following viral infection. AB - The pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis is autoimmune, the real etiology, however, remains unknown. Virus has been suggested as an etiological agent of the disease. In this study we present 5 myasthenic patients, whose symptoms began a few weeks after a proven viral infection. The possibility of viral infection as etiology of myasthenia gravis is raised, and the mechanisms discussed. PMID- 7308246 TI - Prognostic value of the blink reflex in comatose patients. PMID- 7308245 TI - Freeze-dried cadaveric dural grafts can stimulate a damaging immune response in the host. AB - Clinical experience with freeze-dried cadaveric dura mater has suggested that it is an acceptable dural substitute which does not seem to provoke a significant immune response in the host. A patient is described in whom a cadaveric dural graft provoked an immune reaction leading to meningitis, long after any bacterial contamination or 'chemical' reaction would have declared itself. Removal of the graft resulted in full recovery of the patient in parallel with abatement of the immune response as measured in the cerebrospinal fluid. We discuss the experimental basis for claims that this material is not immunogenic and point out that the mechanism for a damaging immune response does exist. PMID- 7308247 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient with a Cimino-Brescia fistula. AB - A case of a carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing hemodialysis by means of a Cimino-Brescia arteriovenous fistula is reported. Surgical decompression of the median nerve at the wrist was followed by the immediate and complete relief of the patient's symptoms. Ischemia related to a vascular 'steal' phenomenon or increased venous pressure have been proposed as primary alterations which can cause a damage of the median nerve at the wrist. In our case, we found symptoms relating to both of these pathogenetic hypotheses. PMID- 7308248 TI - Injection injury of the sciatic nerve: unusual anatomic distribution of nerve damage. AB - Sciatic nerve damage by intragluteal injections tends to injure the peroneal nerve trunk more severely than the other components of the sciatic nerve. 2 patients with predominant or sole damage to the posterior tibial nerve trunk were observed. This distribution was documented electrophysiologically. Our cases are unusual and point to a wider spectrum of such injuries. It is also suggested that internal fibrosis of the nerve is of greatest importance as a pathogenetic mechanism in these injuries. PMID- 7308249 TI - X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset (Kennedy-Stefanis disease?). AB - X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset is a rare variety of motor neuron disease. In this report a Greek family with 2 affected brothers is described. It is interesting that all Greek cases of this disease originate from a small group of Greek islands. Transient fatigue is an additional feature of the disease which is manifested sometimes before other symptoms are apparent. The progression of the disease appears to be faster than in spinal muscular atrophy of Wohlfart-Kugelberg-Welander. Regarding the name of this disorder, we propose the descriptive term, 'X-linked spinal and bulbar atrophy of late onset' or 'Kennedy-Stefanis disease. PMID- 7308250 TI - Depopulation and repopulation of the R1H rhabdomyosarcoma of the rat after X irradiation. PMID- 7308252 TI - Studies on the disposition of 2,3-dihydro-1 H-imidazo[1,2-b] pyrazole in rodents. PMID- 7308251 TI - Tween 80 increases plasma adriamycin concentrations in mice by an apparent reduction of plasma volume. PMID- 7308254 TI - Oestrogen receptors, sites of metastatic disease and survival in recurrent breast cancer. PMID- 7308253 TI - Evaluation of intratumoral immunostimulants in the treatment of a transplantable rat mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7308255 TI - Treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. A combined modality approach. PMID- 7308256 TI - Chemoimmunotherapy for metastatic malignant melanoma using vincristine (NSC 67574), DTIC (NSC-45388) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. PMID- 7308257 TI - Appearance of iron free hyperplastic hepatocytes following ferric nitrilotriacetate and 2-acetaminofluorene sequential administration. PMID- 7308258 TI - Studies on the urotoxicity of oxazaphosphorine cytostatics and its prevention--I. Experimental studies on the urotoxicity of alkylating compounds. PMID- 7308260 TI - Cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil plus cyclophosphamide against transplantable leukemias. PMID- 7308259 TI - Infectious complications and host immune defense in acute leukemia. PMID- 7308261 TI - Hormone-dependent uterine sarcomas in GR mice. PMID- 7308262 TI - A murine ovarian tumor with unique metastasizing capacity. PMID- 7308264 TI - Tumor inhibition by metallocenes: activity against leukemias and detection of the systemic effect. PMID- 7308265 TI - Synergism between hyperthermia and cyclophosphamide in vivo: the effect of dose fractionation. PMID- 7308263 TI - Effect of presurgical radiotherapy on the steroid receptor concentrations in primary breast carcinoma. PMID- 7308266 TI - Metastasis from the brain of transplanted N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced central nervous system tumors in rats. PMID- 7308267 TI - Estrogens, estradiol receptors and peroxidase activity in human mammary carcinomas. PMID- 7308268 TI - Comparison of the effects of muzolimine and furosemide in patients with end-stage renal failure on chronic dialysis. AB - The pharmacodynamic effects of muzolimine and furosemide were compared in a single dose cross-over study in 8 patients on regular dialysis treatment, who had a residual diuresis of more than 300 ml/day. The study periods comprised two dialysis-free intervals of 3 days. On the second dialysis-free day either muzolimine 240 mg or furosemide 240 mg was administered orally. Urine was collected in 12-h periods on the pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment days, and the excretion of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine were measured. After administration of muzolimine 240 mg urine volume rose to twice that of the previous day, and sodium excretion increased approximately threefold. In contrast, the effect of furosemide 240 mg was not a pronounced; the diuresis was only 1.6 times that on the previous day and natriuresis was only 2.2 times as large. Excretion of potassium and creatinine was only slightly increased by either substance. The elimination of urea was increased by both substances to the same degree as the corresponding increase in diuresis. PMID- 7308269 TI - Influence of hepatic cirrhosis and end-stage renal disease on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide. AB - After rapid intravenous injection of furosemide 40 mg (Fu), plasma levels were determined in 7 healthy volunteers, 8 patients with liver cirrhosis with ascites and 7 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The diuretic response was evaluated by measuring the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium and the urine volume. The mean elimination half life (t 1/2 beta) of Fu averaged 51 +/- 7.7 (+/- SD) min in healthy subjects, 52 +/- 7.7 min in cirrhosis and 200 +/- 57 min in ESRD. The non-renal clearance (Clnr) in healthy subjects (56 +/- 28 ml/min) corresponds to the total plasma clearance in functionally anephric patients (54 +/- 18 ml/min). In cirrhosis there was no significant change in the disposition parameters of Fu in comparison to the healthy volunteers, but there was a significant reduction in urine sodium and volume, whereas potassium excretion remained unchanged. Fu "excretion rate--response" curves showed diminished tubular sensitivity to Fu in cirrhosis. PMID- 7308270 TI - Is the administration of doxycycline still indicated in bacterial infections of the gallbladder and the bile ducts? AB - The levels of doxycycline in serum, bile and the gallbladder wall were determined in 25 patients during cholecystectomy, by means of bioassay after previous intravenous administration of doxycycline. The mean biliary level exceeded 20 microgram/ml, and the mean level in the gallbladder wall was greater than 2 microgram/g. With few exceptions all the levels found clearly exceeded the MIC of most relevant pathogens. This was confirmed by the levels found in bile drained via T-Tube. Thus, clinically important breakdown of doxycycline by the mainly alkaline bile acids should not be anticipated. PMID- 7308271 TI - Influence of liver disease and environmental factors on hepatic monooxygenase activity in vitro. AB - The effects of liver disease and environmental factors on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (reductase) activity and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity have been simultaneously investigated in 70 patients undergoing diagnostic liver biopsy. The activity of reductase was not significantly affected by the presence of liver disease or any of the environmental factors studied. Cytochrome P-450 content decreased with increasing severity of liver disease whereas AHH activity was only significantly reduced in biopsies showing hepatocellular destruction. None of the parameters of monooxygenase activity varied significantly with the age or sex of the patients. Alcohol excess was associated with decreased cytochrome P-450 content and AHH activity and this effect was independent of the histological status of the biopsy. Both high caffeine intake and cigarette smoking increased AHH activity in the absence of any change in cytochrome P-450 content. There was a positive correlation between the number of meat meals eaten per week and cytochrome P-450 content. Chronic treatment with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants appeared to increase both cytochrome P-450 content and AHH activity. Despite differential effects of liver disease and environmental influences on cytochrome P-450 content and AHH activity there was a highly significant correlation between the two parameters. The results of the present study correlate well with the known effects of disease and environment on drug metabolism in vivo. PMID- 7308272 TI - Radioimmunoassay of plasma lisuride in man following intravenous and oral administration of lisuride hydrogen maleate: effect on plasma prolactin level. AB - The development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the determination of lisuride in plasma is described. The antiserum against lisuride-4-hemisuccinate-BSA was raised in rabbits. Using this method the plasma levels of lisuride were monitored following one intravenous (25 microgram) and two oral (100 microgram and 300 microgram) doses of lisuride hydrogen maleate in three female and three male volunteers (intra-individual comparison). The plasma prolactin was also determined by radioimmunoassay. Following i. v. injection, the concentration of lisuride declined in three phases, with half-lives of 5 min, 25 min and 2 h. The total plasma clearance of 800 +/- 250 ml X min-1 was in the range of "plasma flow" through the liver. In agreement with the high rate of biotransformation, the bioavailability of lisuride administered orally was 10% +/- 7% of the 100 microgram dose, and 22% +/- 7% of the 300-microgram dose. The plasma prolactin was lowered to 3%-18% of its pretreatment value depending on the route of administration and the dose. The reduction appeared to be short-lived and to be directly dependent on the plasma concentration of lisuride. Following intravenous injection, the prolactin level declined after a so far unexplained lag-time of 0.5 h. PMID- 7308274 TI - Carbamazepine: a clinical biopharmaceutical study. AB - In a biopharmaceutical study of carbamazepine, the F-CBZ, DAK preparation, which contained small particles with minor variation in size, had a more rapid dissolution rate than Tegretol, which contained larger particles of more variable size. Accordingly, carbamazepine had a more rapid absorption rate from F-CBZ, DAK than from Tegretol in a comparative absorption test involving single-dose administration of 200 mg to 8 healthy volunteers. The clinical significance of the difference in absorption rates for the steady state levels of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, and the frequency of side-effects in relation to tablet intake, were evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, double-dummy cross over trial of 35 days' duration, in 21 well-adjusted epileptic patients. 9 patients were treated with Tegretol alone and 12 with Tegretol combined with other antiepileptic drugs. A lower steady state plasma level of carbamazepine was found at 08.00 h during treatment with F-CBZ, DAK in comparison with Tegretol. The difference was small. There was no difference in the type and frequency of side-effects or seizures between the 2 preparations. The frequency of epileptic fits was not correlated with the plasma level of carbamazepine or the epoxide. Side-effects, however, had a tendency to be correlated with the concentration of the epoxide. Thus, the particle size influenced the absorption rate of carbamazepine, without having a significant correlation wih the frequency of side effects. The difference in the minimum plasma level of carbamazepine between treatments with the two preparations was modest, and appeared to be without clinical significance. PMID- 7308273 TI - Effect of food on the absorption of hydralazine in man. AB - Single oral doses of hydralazine (Apresoline) 50 mg were administered on two occasions to eight healthy volunteers when fed and fasting. Blood and saliva samples were taken at intervals after dosing and analysed for drug. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before and at intervals after dosing, at rest, after tilt and exercise. Plasma hydralazine levels showed wide inter-individual variation. The areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (0-8 h), the height of the peak plasma levels and the time to peak were not significantly different between the fed and fasting state. Salivary hydralazine levels were readily measurable but showed little correlation with plasma levels. The heart rate and pulse pressure were increased after drug both at rest, supine and erect, and after exercise for between 6 and 8 h. PMID- 7308275 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tranexamic acid. AB - Tranexamic acid 1 g was given intravenously to three healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations decayed in three monoexponential phases. Most elimination took place during the first eight hours, giving an apparent elimination half-life of approximately two hours. Plasma clearance ranged between 110-116 ml/min. The urinary recovery of tranexamic acid exceeded 95% of the dose. Ten healthy volunteers were given tranexamic acid 2 g orally on an empty stomach, and together with a meal. Food had no influence on the absorption of tranexamic acid, as judged by comparison of the peak plasma concentration, the time required to reach the peak, the AUC from zero to six hours, and the urinary excretion data. The oral bioavailability of tranexamic acid, calculated from 24 h urinary excretion after oral and intravenous administration, was 34% of the dose. PMID- 7308276 TI - Correlation of serum and saliva theophylline concentration after administration of a sustained release preparation. AB - The correlation between serum and saliva levels of theophylline was investigated in seven healthy volunteers after multiple dose administration of a low dose (300 mg/day) and a high dose (900 mg/day) of a sustained release theophylline preparation (Theo-Dur). Tablets were taken for five days, at 8 a. m. and 8 p. m. and a last dose was taken on Day 6 at 8 a. m. Fourteen serum and saliva samples were collected simultaneously during the dosing period and for up to 32 h after the last dose. On the 300 mg/day regimen the level in saliva was 55.3% of the serum level, with an overall variability of 6.7% and an intrasubject variability of 10.5%. After 900 mg/day, the saliva concentration was 55.5% of the serum concentration, with an overall variability of 7.6% and an intrasubject variability of 12.7%. A good correlation was found between both determinations (r = 0.99), which suggests that saliva levels could be used to monitor theophylline after administration of a sustained release tablet. PMID- 7308278 TI - Randomized controlled trials and society. PMID- 7308277 TI - Relative activities of atenolol and metoprolol on the cardiovascular system of man. AB - The effects or oral atenolol (100 mg once/day) and metoprolol (100 mg once/day, 100 mg twice/day and 300 mg once/day) have been compared with placebo on the heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to exercise in 5 healthy volunteers. The drugs were given for 5 days in a double blind randomised fashion with each volunteer receiving each dose of drug. Measurements were made after the first dose on day 1 and after 5 days of dosing. The results on both heart rate and systolic blood pressure showed that overall (over a 24 h period) after acute (day 1) or after chronic (5 days) dosing, atenolol 100 mg once/day, metoprolol 100 mg twice/day and 300 mg once/day, were equivalent as beta-adrenoceptor blocking doses. Thus milligram for milligram atenolol and metoprolol do not produce equivalent blockade on the cardiovascular system of man. PMID- 7308279 TI - The electrophysiological effects of intravenous labetalol in man. PMID- 7308280 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral isosorbide - 5 - mononitrate. AB - The pharmacokinetics of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) has been studied in two groups of healthy volunteers after oral (n = 20) and intravenous (n = 11) administration of 20 mg, which had previously been proved to be as effective as 20 mg sustained-release isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). IS-5-MN in serum was measured by gas chromatography using capillary columns. The kinetic calculations were carried out with a newly developed model, which assumes a virtual volume of distribution dependent on time. IS-5-MN is rapidly (invasion half-life 4.1 min) and completely absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract without any first pass metabolism. The maximum concentration of 480 micrograms/l was reached 1.2 h after oral administration of 20 mg. The substance was distributed throughout the total body water (distribution coefficient: 0.62), and was eliminated with a terminal t1/2 of 4.1 and 4.6 h after oral and intravenous administration, respectively. Total body clearance was 115ml/min. Thus, IS-5-MN is unlike ISDN with respect to the absence of first-pass metabolism and an 8-times longer half-life. The consequences for therapy are discussed. PMID- 7308281 TI - Pharmacokinetics and mechanism of renal excretion of short acting sulphonamides and N4-acetylsulphonamide derivatives in man. Structural requirements of sulphonamides for active tubular secretion. AB - The pharmacokinetics of short acting sulphonamides and a series of N4 acetylsulphonamide derivatives has been investigated. Sulphonamides with a sulphur atom two atomic bond distances from the N1 atom are excreted by active tubular secretion, e.g. sulphamethizole, sulphaethidole and sulphathiasole. When the sulphur atom is replaced by an oxygen or nitrogen atom, active renal excretion no longer occurs. N4-acetylsulphonamides are excreted by active tubular secretion. The renal clearance values of the N4-acetylsulphonamides are not influenced by the substituent at the N1 position. Two groups of N4 acetylsulphonamides can be distinguished. One has a T1/2 of 4-6 h and a renal clearance value of 20-60 ml/min and the second has a T1/2 of 10-20 h and a renal clearance of less than 10 ml/min. N4-acetylsulphonamides are deacetylated to the extent of about 5%. PMID- 7308282 TI - Pharmacokinetic concepts - drug binding, apparent volume of distribution and clearance. AB - Blood flow rate-limited physiological pharmacokinetic models have been used to examine the relationship between apparent volume of distribution and clearance or, more specifically between drug binding in blood, eliminating regions or noneliminating regions and clearance. The influence of binding on drug elimination depends on the driving force concentration in the eliminating region. In most instances this is likely to be free drug concentration in the region. Under these conditions, the results indicate that apparent volume of distribution and drug clearance from the blood should be treated as independent pharmacokinetic variables. Volume of distribution per se has no effect on clearance or on average steady-state blood levels. Drug binding in nonvascular regions(i.e. tissue binding) seems to be of limited importance except as a determinant of half-life. Although changes in tissue binding will affect partition coefficient and apparent volume of distribution, such changes will have no effect on average steady-state blood levels of either total or free drug. PMID- 7308283 TI - Gas chromatographic - mass spectrometric determination of dixyrazine in human blood. PMID- 7308284 TI - Controlled trials - a social challenge. Comments on a recent controversy. PMID- 7308285 TI - Phagocytosis and degradation of DNA-anti-DNA complexes by human phagocytes. I. Assay conditions, quantitative aspects and differences between human blood monocytes and neutrophils. AB - The uptake in vitro was studied of 3H-labeled DNA-anti-DNA complexes by neutrophils and monocytes from human blood. Complexes were prepared from 3H labeled circular double-stranded (dS) DNA of bacteriophage PM2 and anti-dsDNA containing sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. After phagocytosis, cells and medium were separated. The cells were treated with DNase to remove adherent and noningested complexes before the cell-associated radioactivity was counted. Thus, only complexes inside the cells were measured. The medium was analyzed for acid-precipitable radioactivity. In this way, we found that neutrophils only phagocytose the complexes, whereas monocytes phagocytose the complexes and degrade the antigen. In contrast, both types of phagocyte degraded the antigen in tetanus-anti-tetanus complexes. The degradation took place after phagocytosis, inside the cells. The difference in DNA degradation between neutrophils and monocytes correlated with the difference in acid DNase activity of the lysosomal fractions: monocytes contained DNase activity, neutrophils did not. With complexes made from DNA with 131I-labeled anti-DNA, we found that both cell types degraded the antibody. Uptake of complexes and degradation of antigen increased with incubation time and cell concentration and was saturable with respect to complex concentration. The processes were inhibited by 5 mM mono-iodoacetic acid or by low temperatures. PMID- 7308286 TI - Phagocytosis and degradation of DNA-anti-DNA complexes by human phagocytes II. Influence of the size of the complexes. AB - The influence was studied of the size of DNA-anti-DNA complexes on their capacity to induce phagocytosis and degradation by monocytes and neutrophils from human blood. An estimate of the size of the complexes was obtained by precipitation analysis, sucrose-gradient velocity sedimentation and filtration over Nucleopore filters. The results show that only those complexes are processes that precipitate in 15 min at 3000 x g. These complexes have an S value of more than 25000 and a diameter of more than 0.4 micrometer. Likewise, tetanus-anti-tetanus complexes also had to be precipitable in 15 min at 3000 x g to be processed by the phagocytes. PMID- 7308287 TI - Clearance of sensitized erythrocytes in NZB/NZW mice. Effects of castration and sex hormone treatment. AB - The clearance of particulate immune complexes consisting of erythrocytes sensitized with IgG or complement was investigated in (NZB x NZW)F1 (B/W) mice. Treatment of castrated B/W mice with androgen or estrogen was able to modulate this clearance. Young (3-month-old) male and female B/W mice cleared IgG sensitized mouse erythrocytes rapidly, whereas older males (13 months) and females (7 months) showed a marked impairment in their ability to clear these cells. In addition, erythrocytes sensitized with complement in the absence of antibody were cleared within 5 min in young B/W mice. Older mice showed a greater and more rapid clearance rate of these cells. Castrated female B/W mice treated with androgen implants from three weeks of age showed improved clearance of IgG sensitized erythrocytes at 7 months, whereas estrogen-treated male mice showed delayed clearance. These results suggest an age-dependent defect in the clearance of IgG-sensitized particles, perhaps due to diminished levels of serum complement and/or saturation of Fc receptors. In addition, there is an alteration in the clearance of complement-sensitized erythrocytes which may be related to changes in macrophage activity or enzyme inactivators of C3 and C4. The possible mechanisms responsible for the hormonal modulation of clearance are discussed in relation to the known ability of these hormones to influence autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7308288 TI - F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage. AB - A hybridoma clone which secretes a macrophage (M phi)-specific monoclonal antibody, F4/80, was produced by fusing spleen cells from a rat hyperimmunized with cultured thioglycollate-induced mouse peritoneal M phi with a mouse myeloma, NS1. Binding of antibody to primary cells and cell lines was detected by radioimmune indirect binding assay, autoradiography or fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. F4/80 binds to mouse M phi from the peritoneal cavity or other sources, blood monocytes, M phi derived from bone marrow precursors in culture and M phi-like cell lines, but not to other cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes or fibroblasts. F4/80 does not bind to M phi via Fc receptors, is not cytotoxic and is of the rat IgG2b subclass. Since F4/80 binds to all M phi defined by adherence, morphology and immune phagocytosis, it provides a new marker to define the M phi in the mouse. Large differences in expression of antigen F4/80 were found, depending on intraperitoneal stimulation, time in culture and stage of maturation. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the antigen F4/80 is part of a component of Mr 160000 which is synthesized by the M phi and, at least in part, exposed on the cell surface. PMID- 7308289 TI - Quantification of slow-wave EEG induced by atropine: effects of physostigmine, amphetamine and haloperidol. AB - The goal of this study was to investigate whether the atropine-induced slow waves in the rat EEG could be easily quantified and used to assess the action of drugs on the central cholinergic systems manifested at the cortical level. Cable transmitted EEG recordings were made in freely-moving male rats over periods of 5 6 h. Visual inspection of the EEG led us to divide it into 2 states, according to frequency and amplitude criteria: desynchronized, low voltage activity was termed 'State 1', also including other arousal patterns like 'theta spindles'. Slow wave, high voltage activity, as well as faster patterns like spindles of slow wave sleep, were included in 'State 2'. The time spent in State 2 (chosen because slow waves are admittedly increased by atropine) was visually determined on the EEG paper tracings. Atropine per se, at increasing doses, (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg i.p.), induced an increased duration of State 2. By contrast, physostigmine per se at doses of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg i.p. reduced this duration with increasing doses. The atropine (10 mg/kg i.p.)-induced increase of State 2 was markedly attenuated by physostigmine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg i.p.) and amphetamine (1 mg/kg i.p.), but potentiated by haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg i.p.). The effects of the different drugs and combinations on the general behavior were also noted. In conclusion, this approach appears to present a promising tool for the study of the interaction of drugs with central cholinergic systems. PMID- 7308290 TI - Two populations of binding sites for muscarinic antagonists in the rat heart. AB - In a medium containing 100 mM NaCl and 10 mM MgCl2, the binding of antagonists to rat myocardial muscarinic receptors is well described by the simple Langmuir isotherm. However, in low ionic strength media, while a small proportion of the sites (23%) display a small (2-3 fold) increase in antagonist affinity, the majority demonstrate a substantial (ca. 10-fold) decrease. This reduction is reversed by micromolar concentrations of guanylylimidodiphosphate and other GTP analogues, with consequent abolition of the heterogeneity of the receptor population induced by low ionic strength. Millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ but not other cations strongly potentiate this action of the guanine nucleotides. PMID- 7308291 TI - In vivo dopamine release from the anterior hypothalamus of the rat. AB - The release of dopamine from the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region of the anesthetized rat was investigated in vivo using a superfusion technique with a push-pull cannula. Dopamine was measured electrochemically after separation by liquid chromatography. The spontaneous release of dopamine was very low but detectable in some experiments. An inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (pargyline) and the immediate precursor of dopamine (L-DOPA) were added to synthetic cerebrospinal fluid superfusing the area. When these substances were present dopamine release was increased considerably and appeared to be stable for a long period of time. Mechanisms contributing to the formation of newly synthetized dopamine are discussed in relation to the releasing effect of d-amphetamine and the inhibiting effect of calcium-free medium. The functional significance of dopamine release was shown by the increased release of dopamine following an increase in blood pressure obtained by an intraarterial injection of blood. Finally, ventral noradrenergic bundle lesion on the same side of the superfusion site considerably enhanced dopamine release which may indicate an inhibitory control of dopamine release by noradrenergic neurons. Furthermore, this experimental procedure provides valuable means for analyzing the effects of pharmacological as well as other manipulations on the dopamine released from a superfused brain area in vivo. PMID- 7308292 TI - [3H] thymidine incorporation in bovine lymphocytes treated with the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 7308293 TI - Effects of motility inhibitors during sea urchin fertilization: microfilament inhibitors prevent sperm incorporation and restructuring of fertilized egg cortex, whereas microtubule inhibitors prevent pronuclear migrations. PMID- 7308294 TI - The extra DNA of brain cortex neurons is qualitatively indistinguishable from other somatic DNA. PMID- 7308295 TI - Intracellular introduction of a fixed quantity of substances by pricking cells using a modified microscope. PMID- 7308296 TI - Control of DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity by hormones and amino acids in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7308297 TI - Heterogeneity in surface glycoproteins of mouse peritoneal macrophage populations. PMID- 7308298 TI - An anchorage-dependent locus in the cell cycle for the growth of 3T3 cells. PMID- 7308299 TI - Evidence for the association of two cell surface glycoproteins of 13762 mammary ascites tumor cells. Concanavalin A-induced redistribution of peanut agglutinin binding proteins. PMID- 7308300 TI - Restrictive distribution of asymmetric C-bands in the chromosome complement of the Rhesus (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 7308302 TI - Effect of 5'-methylthioadenosine on nucleolar morphology and RNA metabolism in cultured Xenopus laevis cells. PMID- 7308301 TI - Cytochalasin B disrupts the association of filamentous web and plasma membrane in hepatocytes. PMID- 7308303 TI - Action of weak bases on phagosomes of cultured macrophages. Suppression by ammonium ions of an early increase in phagosomal pH. PMID- 7308304 TI - The accumulation of lens-specific protein and mRNA in cultures of neural retina from 3 1/2-day chick embryos. PMID- 7308305 TI - Involvement of smooth and coated vesicles in the function of the contractile vacuole complex of some cryptophycean flagellates. PMID- 7308306 TI - Cytoskeletal and contractile structures in bovine lens cell differentiation. PMID- 7308307 TI - The role of fibronectin in adhesion of metastatic melanoma cells to endothelial cells and their basal lamina. PMID- 7308308 TI - Ultrastructural and time-lapse studies of primary mesenchyme cell behavior in normal and sulfate-deprived sea urchin embryos. PMID- 7308309 TI - Effect of n-butyrate on cell cycle progression and in situ chromatin structure of L1210 cells. PMID- 7308310 TI - Identification of a nuclear and of a cytoplasmic polypeptide whose relative proportions are sensitive to changes in the rate of cell proliferation. PMID- 7308311 TI - Stimulation of collagen production in growth-arrested myocytes and fibroblasts in culture by growth factor(s) from platelets. PMID- 7308312 TI - Behaviour and motility of cultured chick mesoderm cells in steady electrical fields. PMID- 7308313 TI - A sodium requirement for mitogen-induced proliferation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 7308314 TI - The effect of temperature, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ni2+ ions on the swimming speed of C. reinhardii determined by quasi-elastic light scattering. PMID- 7308315 TI - H1 histones from mammalian testes. The widespread occurrence of H1t. PMID- 7308316 TI - Analysis of germinal aging in Paramecium caudatum by micronuclear transplantation. PMID- 7308317 TI - Pattern of DNA synthesis in nuclei of feeding and starving Amoeba proteus. A cytofluorometric study. PMID- 7308318 TI - The nuclear matrix of duck erythroblasts is associated with globin mRNA coding sequences but not with the major proteins of 40S nuclear RNP. PMID- 7308320 TI - Similar replicon properties of higher plant cells with different S periods and genome sizes. PMID- 7308319 TI - Phorbol ester-mediated modulation of cell proliferation and primary differentiation of mouse preimplantation embryos. PMID- 7308321 TI - Protein migration from transplanted nuclei in Amoeba proteus. II. An electrophoretic study. PMID- 7308322 TI - The epidemiology of benign breast disease. PMID- 7308323 TI - Effects of antiplatelet serum and thrombopoietin on the percentage of small acetylcholinesterase-positive cells in bone marrow of mice. AB - Megakaryocytopoiesis was evaluated in the marrow of mice after they had been injected with rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS) or a thrombocytopoiesis stimulating factor (TSF or thrombopoietin). For controls, other mice were injected with normal rabbit serum or saline. All materials were given as single intraperitoneal injections; at frequent intervals of up to seven days the mice were killed. RAMPS caused severe thrombocytopenia in mice with significant rebound-thrombocytosis following five to seven days later. TSF did not significantly increase platelet counts of mice. Both RAMPS and TSF increased the proportion of the small acetylcholinesterase positive (SAChE+) cells in the marrow of mice which was elevated 3-fold above control values at 8-10 h after treatment. The percentage of SAChE+ cells returned to control levels by 48 h and to below control values by 64-168 h. These data indicate that both exogenous TSF and endogenously produced TSF released in response to acute thrombocytopenia caused a transitory increase in the percentage of SAChE+ cells in mice. PMID- 7308324 TI - Anti-thymocyte globulin effective in the treatment of aplastic anemia does not stimulate granulocyte precursor cells. AB - To find out whether the preparations of anti-lymphocyte or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), successfully used in our center for the treatment of patients with aplastic anemia, were stimulatory for hematopoietic precursor cells, we studied the effect on CFUC in 30 normal bone marrow samples. Although in 2 out of 30 cases stimulation was observed, the overall result for both the horse anti lymphocyte globulin and the rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin was dose-dependent and complement-dependent inhibition. Neither in the absence, nor in the presence of complement was there any indication of consistent stimulation of CFUC. When bone marrow was depleted of E-rosette forming cells, the incubation of the depleted fraction with ATG did not result in stimulation. The incubation of the E-rosette positive fraction with ATG, followed by the addition of these treated cells to untreated E-rosette depleted cells was equally ineffective in giving any stimulation of CFUC. Our data suggest that the effect of ATG in the treatment of aplastic anemia is not due to direct stimulation of hematopoietic precursor cells. PMID- 7308327 TI - Smoking and lung cancer - now. PMID- 7308326 TI - An improved method for the growth of human lymphocyte colonies. AB - An improved method has been developed for growth of human lymphocyte colonies in agar. The method is a single-step assay involving the addition of irradiated lymphocytes which do not themselves form colonies but which stimulate a small number of non-irradiated cells to do so. Over the range 0 to 1 x 10(5) target lymphocytes, there is a linear relationship between number of lymphocytes cultured and number of colonies produced. Technical factors which influence colony growth include osmolality of the medium, foetal calf serum concentration, agar concentration, PHA type and concentration, and 2-mercaptoethanol. Colony formation is not affected by using homologous irradiated cells from an individual of the same age. For normal individuals aged 11 to 45, colonies of 20-200 cells were grown to a plating efficiency of 2.18%, with a range 1.28-4.00%. The advantages of the method are its simplicity, the linear relationship between cells plated and colonies formed, which enables the method to be used as a quantitative assay, and the ability to determine whether an observed abnormality is due to an abnormality of colony forming cells or of irradiated stimulating cells. PMID- 7308325 TI - 51Cr and DF32P labeling of human blood cells in leukocyte-rich plasma. AB - Cell-rich plasma from human peripheral blood was labeled with disodium chromate (51Cr) and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DF32P), and the uptake and distribution of the radionuclides by granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and erythrocytes were studied. Velocity sedimentation through a 1-2% albumin gradient and electrophoresis in a Ficoll-sucrose gradient demonstrated that granulocytes migrated the fastest, followed by monocytes, and then by the mixture of lymphocyte-red cell populations. Monocytes accumulated four to five times as much 51Cr as the other leukocytes or the red blood cells. Erythrocytes showed a greater uptake of 51Cr than did granulocytes or lymphocytes. Granulocytes were preferentially labeled in vitro by DF32P, and the uptake of DF32P by lymphocytes was about one-third that by granulocytes. No measurable DF32P labeling of monocytes and only slight labeling of erythrocytes was observed by liquid scintillation counting of the labeled cells. These data have implications in the interpretation of in vivo survival studies of radiolabeled leukocytes. PMID- 7308328 TI - Is maximum mid-expiratory flow rate sensitive to small airways obstruction? PMID- 7308329 TI - Total tobacco consumption in an unselected bronchial carcinoma population. AB - The smoking habits of an epidemiologically unselected material of patients with bronchial carcinoma in the Swedish county of Uppsala were studied in detail. Out of 273 bronchial carcinoma patients in the period 1971-1976, 82% were smokers - 96% of the males and 34% of the females. In a control material 10-15 years earlier, there were 67% male and 26% female smokers. The difference in males is statistically significant, but not in females. However, 71% of younger female patients were smokers and this difference from the controls is statistically significant. Ninety-eight per cent of the males with epidermoid carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were smokers. Ninety per cent of the 40 males with adenocarcinoma were smokers, in contrast to 24% of the 38 females. The smoking habits in females with adenocarcinoma were the same as in the female population of the county 15 years earlier. The mean age at the start of smoking was 19 years. The mean total tobacco consumption was 207 kg, 215 kg for males and 130 kg for females, and the mean average consumption per year 4.6 kg. Fifty-four per cent of the males smoked both cigarettes and pipe tobacco. PMID- 7308331 TI - Ventilatory effects of ordinary and slow-release tablets of metoprolol in asthmatic patients. AB - The effect of the beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocker, metoprolol, on ventilatory function was studied in eight asthmatic patients in relation to the plasma level of the agent following its administration in ordinary and slow release tablets. Metoprolol causes a slight decrease in ventilatory function as compared with placebo. The effect was most pronounced after administration of 200 mg in ordinary tablets, which induced the highest plasma levels. After administration of 200 mg in slow-release tablets the plasma levels were lower and the ventilatory effect was less marked. The bronchial obstruction largely improved after administration of the beta 2-receptor stimulating agent terbutaline. This study indicates, that when a larger dose of metoprolol is used in patients with obstructive lung disease, slow-release durules are to be preferred to ordinary tablets. PMID- 7308330 TI - Exercise-induced asthma - a comparison between two modes of exercise stress. AB - Two types of treadmill exercise were performed by 10 asthmatics (mean age 32.4 +/ 8.9 years). One type of exercise was a steady state, submaximal effort lasting approximately 7 min. The other was a short, supramaximal effort designed to exhaust the subjects within 50 s. Ventilatory studies as well as gas exchange, arterial blood lactate (LA) and pH were measured pre- and post-exercise. The submaximal exercise caused the expected increase in Raw (19%) and a decrease in FEV1 (21%) and MMEF (20%) measured 10 min following exercise. In contrast, only the MMEF was reduced (26%) at 10 min after the short-exhaustive exercise. It was concluded that short (less than 1 min) and highly intense exercise challenge may cause a drastic fall in MMEF with no changes in FEV1.0 or Raw. It is postulated that the unequal ventilatory response to the two exercise modes is responsible for a greater respiratory heat loss during the long-submaximal exercise and consequently for the greater obstruction of the large airways. In addition the short-exhaustive exercise performed in this study may serve as a simple and accurate tool for detecting small airway obstruction as measured by the MMEF. PMID- 7308332 TI - Clearance by voluntary coughing and its relationship to subjective assessment and effect of intravenous bromhexine. AB - The elimination of 6 micrometers radioactively tagged teflon particles by 1-2 min of voluntary coughing was studied by profile scanning in 12 patients with tracheobronchial hypersecretion. The patients were tested on 2 different days 40 50 min after receiving 8 mg bromhexine (4 mg in two patients) and placebo intravenously according to a double blind cross-over design. Bromhexine did not influence the elimination of test particles in the nine patients in whom the measurements were technically satisfactory. When asked to identify the day they received bromhexine, the patients failed to do so. However, eight of the nine patients, in whom clearance measurements could be performed, believed they had received bromhexine on the day when most particles were eliminated (P less than 0.01), which coincided with the day on which coughing was easiest. It is suggested that self-assessment of the efficacy of coughing might be a simple, yet reliable technique for studying the short-term influence of drugs on tracheobronchial clearance by coughing. PMID- 7308333 TI - Pulmonary reactions to nitrofurantoin. 447 cases reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee 1966-1976. AB - A dramatic increase in the number of adverse reactions to nitrofurantoin initiated a survey of the reports to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee 1966-1976. Pulmonary reactions constituted about half of these reports: 398 cases with acute and 49 with chronic reactions. Three-quarters of the patients were hospitalized in connection with the reaction. Six reactions were fatal. The clinical picture and the laboratory findings differed considerably between the acute and chronic forms, although the age and sex distribution was very similar. About 85% of the patients were women. The median age was 59 years in the acute and 68 years in the chronic group. The acute pulmonary reactions carry the characteristics of an allergic reaction but we suggest that the chronic pulmonary and liver reactions may be caused by a toxic mechanism. Chronic reactions do not follow upon acute reactions, nor do acute reactions predispose to chronic ones. Early recognition of the reactions and prompt withdrawal of the drug are essential in both forms. PMID- 7308334 TI - Effect of conservative treatment of oesophageal dysfunction on bronchial asthma. AB - Sixty-two patients with both bronchial asthma and oesophageal dysfunction (OD) were randomized into an OD treatment group and a control group. Patients in the treatment group were given advice and medication for their OD. No changes were made in their existing asthma therapy. Patients in the control group were told that there was a suspicion of OD which should be rechecked in 2 months. After 2 months the patients of the treatment group reported alleviation of their oesophageal and bronchial symptoms significantly more frequently than patients of the control group. Fewer signs of OD were found after treatment than before. Lung function tests did not differ between the group treated for 2 months and the control group but there was a significant reduction in consumption of beta adrenergic stimulating drugs in the treatment group compared with the control group. In conclusion, treatment of OD improves not only oesophageal symptoms but also respiratory symptoms in asthmatic patients. OD should therefore be looked for in patients with bronchial asthma and treated whenever found. PMID- 7308335 TI - Serum neutrophil chemotactic activity and leukocyte count after house dust induced bronchospasm. AB - Neutrophil chemotactic activity of the serum, leukocyte count and total eosinophil count were determined before and after bronchial provocation with inhalation of house dust or acetylcholine. Airway parameters were determined by whole-body plethysmography. The airway conductance started to return to normal between 20 and 60 min after provocation as did the chemotactic activity. The largest increase of serum neutrophil chemotactic activity was measured 20 min after challenge with house dust, and the activity did not return to the initial value within 24 h, unlike specific airway conductance which was normalized at 24 h. No alteration of the leukocyte count was found. A significant decrease of the total eosinophil count was observed at 60 min, then a 1.5-fold increase was seen at 24 h. Positive correlation was found between the eosinophil count and the lung function. A putative pathophysiological role of the neutrophil chemotactic factor of mast cell origin in bronchial asthma is suggested. PMID- 7308336 TI - Intravenous use of rifampicin. AB - Nineteen seriously ill patients with suspected or verified tuberculosis were treated with a new formulation of rifampicin for intravenous use. The normal dosage was 300 mg twice a day. Local reactions at the injection site were noted in four patients but no serious adverse reactions were observed. The serum concentrations were similar to those after the same dose given orally. PMID- 7308337 TI - Mortality in sarcoidosis. A changing pattern of the causes of death. AB - Forty-one deaths occurred among 1,090 patients with the clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis between 1960 and 1977. Thirteen patients died of causes unrelated to sarcoidosis, whereas death was related to sarcoidosis in 28 patients (68%). The most prevalent lesion leading to death was advanced pulmonary involvement (22/28 patients or 78%) with various late complications: cardiorespiratory failure, gram negative pneumonias, fungal infections. The average clinical course among these 22 patients was 10 years from the onset of the disease. The average age at death was 39 years. Patients who died of central nervous system and cardiac sarcoidosis were younger, and their clinical course was shorter. Subclinical sarcoidosis does not seem to affect life span. Autopsy in 25 patients showed systemic sarcoid lesions in all, including asymptomatic patients and those presenting with clinical manifestations limited to the CNS and the heart. The discrepancy implies difficulty in making the diagnosis, and suggests the need of intensive diagnostic work-up. Improved medical therapy, particularly the control of infections and management of cardiorespiratory failure, has resulted in a protracted clinical course and a changing pattern of the causes of death in sarcoidosis. PMID- 7308338 TI - Terbutaline aerosol in the long-term treatment of asthmatic children. AB - Ten asthmatic children received regular daily therapy with terbutaline aerosol for 50 weeks. No evidence was found for adverse effects of this drug on growth, bone marrow, liver function or the cardiovascular system. All children had improved respiratory function throughout the year. In acute experiments carried out in 12 symptom-free asthmatic children with 0.5 mg terbutaline, it was demonstrated that the improvement in respiratory function, i.e. increase in FEV1, MMEF25-75%, FVC and PEF, was quick in onset, was maintained for at least 60 min and was not accompanied by effects on pulse rate. Thus, the bronchodilator aerosol, terbutaline, can be safely used as a regular daily therapy in asthmatic children aged 7 to 14 years. PMID- 7308339 TI - Sputum and plasma doxycycline concentrations after a single oral 600 mg doxycycline dose in patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - Plasma and sputum concentrations of doxycycline were measured in 10 patients with chronic bronchitis for a period of 96 h after a single oral 600 mg dose of doxycycline. The plasma doxycycline levels exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against common respiratory pathogens. Sputum doxycycline levels were detected in nine patients and these compared favourably with the above MICs for 24 h. The mean percent ratio of sputum/plasma doxycycline level reached a maximum of 28% at 48 h. There was a positive correlation between sputum and plasma doxycycline levels. This study provides pharmacokinetic support for a single oral 600 mg dose of doxycycline in the treatment of acute bronchial infection. PMID- 7308340 TI - Androgen target cells in spinal cord, spinal ganglia, and glycogen body of chick embryos. Autoradiographic localization. AB - After injection of 3H dihydrotestosterone, concentration and retention of radioactivity occur in nuclei of certain neurons in the spinal cord and spinal ganglia as well as in dorsal and ventral root cells of chick embryos at day 10, 12, and 18. Cell of the glycogen body show nuclear labeling at day 12, but not at day 18. In motor neurons in the midlumbar and midbrachial regions in lamina IX and in single neurons in laminae I/II, the nuclear retention of androgen is strongest, but relatively weak in ventral horn cells in thoracic and sacral segments. Neurons with nuclear labeling are also found scattered in other laminae of the dorsal and ventral horns as well as in the lateral column. When unlabeled dihydrotestosterone is administered before 3H dihydrotestosterone, nuclear uptake of radioactivity is prevented, which is not the case, when estradiol is used. The results from these autoradiographic studies indicate the presence of nuclear receptors and suggest androgen effects during prenatal stages of development. PMID- 7308341 TI - Extrageniculostriate vision in the monkey. VIII. Critical structures for spatial localization. AB - Eight monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained on a spatial localization task before and after either total ablation of the striate cortices with partial damage to circumstriate cortices, complete colliculus removals, or combined ablations. The lesions were histologically verified. The task, given under normal room illumination, required the animals to reach for a target randomly placed in one of eight equal segments of a while disk located at arm's length. An apple cube, affixed to the center of the target, served as the reward for accurate reaching. A correct response consisted of an initial contact with either the target or the apple cube directly. The animal was trained sequentially to a criterion level of performance set at 90% correct responses over four 56-trial consecutive sessions using black disks of decreasing diameter (i.e., 90 mm, 55 mm, 35 mm, and 15 mm). Finally, only the apple cube, about 10 mm on a side, was presented. Four animals with complete or almost complete bilateral superior colliculus removals were unimpaired in their performances. The other four subjects with total striate cortex removals could be trained to reach accurately for all targets, but with marked deficits on the first and last tests, i.e., the 90 mm disk and the apple cube. When the striate cortex was ablated in the colliculectomized animals, they failed to attain a criterion level of performance in almost 6,000 trials. These results indicate that the superior colliculus is at least one structure that is critical for spatial localization in the absence of striate cortex, but it is not crucial for this capacity in the otherwise intact animal. In addition, the findings confirmed previous studies which showed that monkeys with total bilateral striatectomies could require the ability to execute accurate visually guided reaches. The present and earlier studies emphasize the primary importance of the geniculostriate system for the function explored and do not support a sharp dichotomy between two independent visual systems in the monkey. PMID- 7308342 TI - Dentate granule cell discharge during conditioning. Relation to movement and theta rhythm. AB - The activity of dentate granule cells (g-cells) was recorded in chronic rats during single-tone sensory discrimination performance. Attempts to correlate the discharge pattern of dentate g-cells with (1) the onset of the conditioned tone stimulus, (2) movements of the animals during the conditioning trials, (3) the occurrence of the reinforced response, and (4) the presence or absence of theta rhythm during the trial revealed several features of g-cell discharge during performance of operant sensory discrimination. The most consistent finding was that g-cells were driven at short latencies (40-60 ms) by the onset of the tone stimulus in the absence of detectable body movements. A subsequent, less intense sustained discharge of g-cells was shown to be unrelated to the onset of (1) conditioned movements during the trial, or (2) the execution of the conditioned response. Thus neither phase of g-cell discharge to the tone stimulus appeared to be a direct correlate of inadvertently or directly conditioned movements in this experimental paradigm. Theta rhythm, which accompanied certain movements prior to the execution of the operant response, did not correlate with the initial phase of g-cell discharge but appeared to modulate the subsequent phase of sustained g cell activity. PMID- 7308343 TI - Residual vision in humans who have been monocularly deprived of pattern stimulation in early life. AB - Spatio-temporal sensitivity at and above threshold was investigated in a group of patients who exhibited visual loss secondary to uniocular congenital cataract which was present within the first year of life and later removed. The results fall into two general categories depending upon the severity of the visual loss and in particular upon the nature of the temporal loss. In the group exhibiting less severe amblyopia, contrast sensitivity for high and medium spatial frequencies was attenuated to a similar extent for all temporal frequencies. In the group exhibiting more severe amblyopia no form vision a was present; only temporal perception remained. In these cases a greater loss of flicker threshold sensitivity occurred at higher temporal frequencies. Supra-threshold tests revealed that movement perception was effectively normal in both of these groups. These results demonstrate that stimulus deprivation amblyopia, while different in some respects from anisometropic amblyopia is more similar to that condition than to strabismic amblyopia Previous animal results derived from monocular lid suture in cat and monkey are compared with these findings. PMID- 7308344 TI - Illusions of postural, visual, and aircraft motion elicited by deep knee in the increased gravitoinertial force phase of parabolic flight. Evidence for dynamic sensory-motor calibration to earth gravity force levels. AB - Illusions of self motion and aircraft motion are experienced when executing deep knee bends in the high force phases of parabolic flight. The occurrence of such illusions indicates that skeletomotor control is actively calibrated to a 1 g reference level and that departures from this level affect the execution and appreciation of voluntary movements. The origin of the illusory patterns is shown to be understandable in terms of "mismatches" between efferent control signals and expected patterns of associated muscle spindle activity. It is shown, too, that spindle activity is interpreted within an entire context of spatial information about ongoing and intended motion of the body and whether the body is laden. PMID- 7308345 TI - A relationship between visual suppression and amblyopia in cats with cyclodeviations of the eyes. AB - Visual pattern and brightness discriminations were tested in cats which had undergone surgical cyclodeviations of one or both eyes. Half of the pattern discriminations were learned with both eyes open and performance was tested with each eye separately; the other half were learned monocularly with the normal eye (in cats with monocular rotations, MR) or with the less amblyopic eye (in cats with binocular rotations, BR) and then the rotated (or amblyopic) eye was tested alone. No deficits were found in brightness discriminations. With monocularly learned pattern discriminations all but one cat showed positive savings when tested with the rotated eye. However, on binocularly learned discriminations half of the animals performed poorly with the rotated eye and required extensive retraining; they showed negative savings when compared to original learning. These animals seem to be suppressing the strabismic eye during binocular vision. For MR cats, there was a positive relationship between visual acuity and percent savings after binocular learning. The relationship between amblyopia and suppression suggests a common cause. PMID- 7308346 TI - Effect of acute ammonia intoxication on energy stores in the cerebral reticular activating system. AB - Ammonia intoxication causes loss of consciousness. One postulated mechanism for this stipulates impaired energy metabolism in critical brain sites. The ascending reticular activating system in the brainstem may modulate consciousness. Accordingly, the present study, using micromethods, assessed energy stores in cells from the reticular activating system of mice acutely intoxicated with ammonia. In the early coma period (3.5 min after ammonia) phosphocreatine, adenosine triphosphate and glucose fell significantly while glycogen decreased later. Subsequently during coma, the high energy phosphates returned to normal and supranormal. The maximal fall in these metabolites was not accompanied by a rise in lactate, implying lack of local hypoxia or acidosis. The cells of the posterior coliculus in the same animals failed to show a significant fall in energy stores. These data suggest a selective effect of ammonia on energy metabolism in the cells of the reticular activating system of the brainstem. PMID- 7308347 TI - Effects of strabismus on development of cortico-geniculate projections in the kitten. AB - In six kittens reared with surgically induced strabismus, three each of convergent and divergent types, we studied 208 striate cortex cells. Of these, 22 were identified as projecting to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) on the basis of antidromic activation from LGN and of histological localization within cortical layer VI. We classified these cortico-geniculate cells according to their axonal conduction velocities which in normal cats, are generally grouped into slow, intermediate, or fast categories. Proportions and mean conduction velocities of slow and fast groups were approximately the same as in the normal cat, but the intermediate group was almost entirely missing with only one cell classified as such. Our results suggest that development of the intermediate group, which has previously been implicated in functional binocular vision, may be impaired selectively by strabismus. PMID- 7308348 TI - Preferred direction of movement as an element in the organization of cat visual cortex. AB - Neurones recorded close together in the cat's striate cortex prefer not only the same orientation of elongated visual stimulus but also the same direction of stimulus movement. The degree of similarity in both preferred orientation and preferred direction is greater in electrode penetrations made perpendicular to the cortical surface than in oblique penetrations. This suggests that preferred direction is organized in columnar fashion, just as is orientation. PMID- 7308349 TI - Differential effects of enkephalin within hippocampal areas. AB - The synthetic opiate D-Alanine-methionine enkephalin (D-Ala) affects neuronal activity of the fascia dentata (FD). D-Ala causes a depression of the population spike evoked by stimulation of the perforant path, which is antagonized by naloxone. In so called "Tandem" experiments it was shown that D-Ala had opposite effects on the CA1 pyramidal and FD granule cells. It is likely that in the FD the site of action of D-Ala is at the afferent synapses. PMID- 7308350 TI - Ocular dominance in kitten cortex: induced changes of single cells while they are recorded. AB - We have monitored extracellularly individual neurons in the striate cortex of 4 week-old unparalyzed kittens with the aim of changing the ocular dominance of these cells during recording. To do this, we elicited conjugate eye movements using a bipolar stimulating electrode positioned in the internal medullary lamina (IML) of the thalamus. During electrical stimulation of this region, one eye was occluded and the other was visually activated with optimal stimuli. Receptive fields were studied subjectively and objectively and relative response strengths were assessed. Of 42 cells studied in detail, 62% underwent changes on ocular dominance following conditioning periods of, generally, 15-20 min. Control experiments suggest that this plasticity is: age-related; requires both visual stimulation and activation of pathways associated with eye movement; and does not appear to be caused solely by increased arousal levels. PMID- 7308351 TI - Distance-dependent interactions between the rod and the cone systems in goldfish retina. AB - We recorded from ganglion cell axons in the optic tracts of self-respiring goldfish, and examined the interaction of rod-effective and cone-effective stimuli within their receptive fields. The summation of influences due to the rod system and the long wavelength sensitive cone system was analyzed by the methods of response-summation and sensitivity-summation. Different spatial relationships between the rod- and cone-effective stimuli allowed examination of distance dependent effects. Both the response-summation and sensitivity-summation analyses showed a difference in non-linearity between a configuration in which the rod- and cone-effective stimuli were spatially overlapped and a configuration in which they were not. This difference in both analyses demonstrates a distance dependent interaction between the rod and cone systems. Both analyses also showed a difference in non-linearity between a configuration in which the rod-and cone effective stimuli were nearby (but not overlapped) and one in which they were more distant. This demonstrates that the interaction is not limited to receptors that are immediate neighbors. An estimate of the strength of interaction in each case showed that the differences among the three configurations were relatively slight, indicating a broad spread of the effect. The interaction was found to be relatively powerful; assuming a specific simple model for the interaction mechanism, we found that each system exerts an effect upon the other which accounts for about 1/3 of its signal. PMID- 7308352 TI - Optokinetic nystagmus in the pigeon (Columba livia). I. Study in monocular and binocular vision. PMID- 7308353 TI - Spatial arrangements of responses by cells in the cat visual cortex to light and dark bars and edges. AB - Detailed examination is made of the responses of visual cortical cells (area 17, border 17-18 and adjacent area 18) in the anaesthetized cat to stationary flashing bars and to bars (lines) and edges moving at their optimal velocities. Particular attention is given to the receptive field organization of cells in the simple family. While there is good general agreement between the main receptive field subregions revealed by stationary and moving stimuli, the responses to moving light and dark bars, supplemented by the responses to moving light and dark edges, provide a much more rapid, accurate and complete guide to the spatial organization of the receptive fields than do the response profiles to a stationary flashing bar. Moving light and dark bars between them generally reveal more subregions in the receptive fields of simple cells than is evident from the response profiles to a stationary flashing bar, particularly when the receptive fields have many subregions. In addition the responses to moving edges provide a rapid guide to spatial summation across the width of a subregion and the possible antagonistic effects of the next subregion in sequence. Two subclasses of cells in the simple family have been recognized: ordinary simple and fast simple cells. Two cell classes (A-cells and silent periodic cells) having properties intermediate between simple and complex types are discriminated and their properties described. PMID- 7308354 TI - Linear analysis of the responses of simple cells in the cat visual cortex. AB - Spatial response profiles to stationary and moving stimuli and spatial frequency tuning curves to drifting sinusoidal gratings were recorded from a series of cells in the simple family. The spatial response profiles were recorded both to stationary flashing bars and sinusoidal gratings as well as to light and dark bars and edges and gratings moving at the optimal velocity. On the assumption that cells in the simple family operate linearly, spatial response profiles recorded experimentally were compared with those predicted by inverse Fourier transformation of the spatial frequency tuning curves. Conversely, the spatial frequency tuning curves recorded experimentally were compared with those predicted from the response profiles to moving and stationary stimuli. As a result of these comparisons, it is clear that moving stimuli provide a more accurate estimate of the spatial organization of the receptive field than do stationary stimuli. Cells with the higher optimal spatial frequencies tended to have narrower bandwidths. The simple cell with the narrowest bandwidth (0.94 octave) had five, and possibly six, subregions in the spatial response profile to moving light and dark bars, the largest number of subregions we encountered. PMID- 7308358 TI - The variability of discharge of simple cells in the cat striate cortex. AB - The relationship between the variance and mean rate of discharges of simple cells in the cat striate cortex has been examined when mean rate was varied by changing either stimulus spatial frequency or contrast. In both cases, the variance was related to the mean discharge rate by an exponent of about 1.15; the relation was thus roughly linear. The discharge variance was on average 1.7 times the mean rate for data obtained from measurements of the neurones' spatial frequency tuning curves, and 1.48 times the mean for data from the response-contrast determination. However, this difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 7308357 TI - Topographic organization of orientation columns in the cat visual cortex. A deoxyglucose study. AB - Three-dimensional reconstructions of the orientation column system were obtained from the visual cortex of four cats using the deoxyglucose technique. One cat had normal visual experience, one was monocularly and two had selective experience with vertical and horizontal contours, respectively. In areas 17 and 18 orientation columns form a remarkably regular system of equally spaced parallel bands whose trajectory is orthogonal to the borderline between areas 17 and 18. This topographic organization is resistant to manipulations of early visual experience. PMID- 7308355 TI - Effects of natural neck afferent stimulation on vestibulo-spinal neurons in the decerebrate cat. PMID- 7308356 TI - Brain stem afferents to the periabducens reticular formations (PARF) in the cat. An HRP study. AB - Six injections of HRP were placed in the periabducens reticular formation (PARF). Two were placed ventromedial to the caudal half of the abducens nucleus (VIn), two were placed further laterally and ventral to the rostral half of the nucleus, and two were placed rostral to the nucleus. Most injections in PARF produced cell labeling in the vestibular and perihypoglossal nuclei bilaterally and labeled cells in the reticularis gigantocellularis (Rgc) and reticularis pontis caudalis (Rpc) nuclei contralateral to the injection site. Few labeled neurons were found in the caudal part of the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). In the mesencephalon, bilateral but more numerous ipsilateral labeled cells were found in the medial mesodiencephalic region including the nuclei of Cajal, Darkschewitsch and the posterior commissure. Injections placed caudomedial to VIn resulted in a characteristic concentration of labeled cells in the ipsilateral nucleus cuneiformis and rostral half of the contralateral superior colliculus (SC). Injections placed rostral to VIn in PARF produced cell labeling in the nucleus campi Foreli. The results are related to physiological evidence which suggests that PARF is an important premotor center for coordination of oculomotor, head and body movements. PMID- 7308360 TI - Tone-versus FM--induced patterns of excitation and suppression in the 14-C-2 deoxyglucose labeled auditory "cortex" of the guinea fowl. AB - The primary auditory "cortex" field L, of the Guinea fowl is a three layer tonotopically organized structure. Isofrequency planes as shown with the 2 deoxyglucose (2DG) method cut across these layers and with their second dimension extend in rostro-caudal direction. The input layer L2 exhibits "spontaneous" labeling due to high spontaneous activity of input terminals and units throughout the hearing range. The labeling is stronger locally along a rostro-caudal isofrequency contour of L2 after tone or narrow band FM stimulation. With tone stimuli the layers L1 and L3 are labeled within an isofrequency plane except for the rostral half of the field whereas frequency modulated tones do label these two layers throughout the corresponding isofrequency plane. FM stimuli in addition lead to a reduction of spontaneous labeling in frequency planes adjacent to those which are covered by the stimuli. Since these effects correlate with known inhibitory effects of such stimuli it is argued that the 2 DG method can identify the suppression of activity of neurons in suitable structures. PMID- 7308359 TI - Responses of cat mesencephalic reticulospinal neurons to stimulation of superior colliculus, pericruciate cortex, and neck muscle afferents. AB - Neurons were recorded extracellularly in the mesencephalic reticular formation outside the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in cerebellectomized cats anesthetized with alpha chloralose. Reticulospinal neurones were identified by antidromic stimulation of the upper cervical segments. Stimulation in the deep layers of the ipsilateral superior colliculus evoked firing in 36% of reticulospinal neurons. For many neurons thresholds for activation were high in the intermediate tectal layers and declined as the electrodes entered the underlying tegmentum. However, low threshold points were found above the deep fiber layer within the superior colliculus for some cells. Stimulation of the contralateral superior colliculus excited 10% of neurons and thresholds for activation were high above the deep fiber layer for all neurons. Stimulation of the ipsilateral and contralateral pericruciate cortex excited 39 and 21% of neurons, respectively. The lowest threshold area was found in the frontal eye fields. Sixteen percent of neurons received excitation from neck muscle afferents (C2 biventer-cervicis) bilaterally. Comparison of responses between mesencephalic reticulospinal neurons and interstitiospinal neurons (Fukushima et al. 1981) showed that responses of the two groups of neurons were similar when the pericruciate cortex and neck muscle afferents were stimulated. However, a difference was observed in tectal responses. since low threshold points were rarely observed above the deep fiber layer for interstitiospinal neurons. PMID- 7308361 TI - Neuronal mechanisms for pitch analysis in the time domain. AB - Many units in the auditory midbrain nucleus (MLD) of the Guinea fowl are found to be tuned to amplitude modulated tones (AM). For a given response maximum the relationship of the period tau m of the modulation frequency fm and the period tau c of the carrier frequency fc may be given by an empirical equation: m . tau m + n . tau c = 1 . tau l, where m, n and l are small integers typical for a unit. tau l is a time constant of 0.4 ms. The temporal pattern of the neuronal response support these findings. The averages of spike trains oscillate with periods multiple to tau l. These oscillations are elicited by stimulus onsets and zero crossings of fm and may by coupled strongly to fm depending on fc. Variation of fm or fc shifts the mean delay of the phase coupled activity proportional to m . tau m and n . tau c, respectively. These effects may be explained with activity phase coupled to fc which coincides at the level of the recorded units with oscillations coupled to fm. This is expressed by the above given periodicity equation. Psychophysical results with AM-stimuli indicate that the mechanisms described and the periodicity equation are adequate for the explanation of the analysis of periodicity pitch in humans. Hence the period corresponding to pitch is defined by tau p = n . tau c-1 . tau l, where n and 1 are integers and tau l = 0.4 ms. Plots of tau p as a function of tau c reveal steps at 0.4 ms intervals indicating that the neuronal time constant is the same in both species. PMID- 7308363 TI - Striatal injections of kainic acid selectively impair serial memory performance in the rat. PMID- 7308362 TI - Vestibulo-thalamic projection to the anterior suprasylvian cortex of the cat. AB - Suggestive evidence as to the site of a major thalamic relay of the vestibular projection to the anterior suprasylvian (ASS) cortex in the cat has been obtained using the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The thalamo cortical neurons are located in several patches surrounding the posterior margins of the ventro-basal complex (VB). This area also was found to receive vestibulo thalamic projections. It comprises different nuclear groups known to carry somatic, acoustic, visual or combined information, which possibly have certain functions related to kinaesthesia and body orientation in common. PMID- 7308364 TI - Histochemical characteristics of mandibular muscles of monkeys. PMID- 7308365 TI - Intracellular activity of potassium in normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle from C57BL/6J mice. PMID- 7308366 TI - Stereologic study of Purkinje cells in mice after early exposure to phenobarbital. PMID- 7308367 TI - Stimulation of septal and amygdaloid nuclei: EEG and behavioral responses during early development of kindling with special reference to wet dog shakes. PMID- 7308368 TI - Cholesterol esters and the ester-metabolizing enzymes in Jimpy and Quaking mouse brains. PMID- 7308369 TI - Nucleolus: changes at puberty in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the preoptic area. PMID- 7308370 TI - Changes in sensorimotor sleep spindle activity and seizure susceptibility after somatosensory deafferentation. PMID- 7308371 TI - Pharmacological investigation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the development of amygdala-kindled seizures in the rat. PMID- 7308372 TI - Acetylcholine release and muscarinic receptors in cortical synaptosomes from epileptic rats. PMID- 7308374 TI - Response of skeletal muscle to neural application of batrachotoxin or tetrodotoxin: endocytosis of extracellular markers. PMID- 7308373 TI - Axonal sprouting at the neuromuscular junction of adult and aged rats. PMID- 7308375 TI - Compound action potentials recorded intracranially from the auditory nerve in man. PMID- 7308376 TI - Discharge pattern of reticular formation unit pairs in waking and REM sleep. PMID- 7308378 TI - Elicitation of audiogenic seizures as a function of time after acoustic trauma and rate of stimulation in mice. PMID- 7308377 TI - Modulation of the jaw-opening reflex by peripheral electrical stimulation. PMID- 7308379 TI - Stimulation of the cerebral peduncles modulates tooth pulp-evoked firing of trigeminal caudalis neurons. PMID- 7308380 TI - Observations on cortical plasticity using horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 7308381 TI - Incidence of cell clusters in 318 cultured muscle biopsies from Duchenne dystrophy, normal, and other neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 7308382 TI - Immunology and aging. PMID- 7308383 TI - Neurobiology of aging. PMID- 7308384 TI - Present state and future developments of experimental gerontology: genetics. PMID- 7308386 TI - Pharmacological aspects of gerontological brain research. PMID- 7308385 TI - Tissue culture in aging research: present status and prospects. PMID- 7308387 TI - Aging of connective tissues. PMID- 7308388 TI - Conclusion: what is the future of experimental gerontology? PMID- 7308389 TI - Insect antifeedant terpenes, hot-tasting to humans. PMID- 7308390 TI - Biotin-binding proteins in eggs of oviparous vertebrates. PMID- 7308391 TI - A low molecular weight tracer molecule for immunocytochemistry. Identification of cytoplasmic actin. PMID- 7308392 TI - Action of D-penicillamine on immunocomplexes containing rheumatoid factor. AB - The affinity between purified rheumatoid factors (RF) and native or heat aggregated human IgG has been studied in vitro by polarization fluorescence in the presence and in the absence of D-penicillamine. The value of the dissociation constant was the same using native and heat aggregated IgG suggesting that binding to the aggregated protein is not dependent on the exposure of a new determinant lacking in the native molecule. The results obtained in the presence of D-penicillamine suggest that the concentration of the drug necessary to get a pronounced effect on the apparent dissociation constant of the immunocomplex between IgG and RF is not reached in vivo, in clinical situations. PMID- 7308394 TI - A hyperpolarizing factor is synthetized in a cell at activation of the genetic apparatus. PMID- 7308393 TI - Inhibitory effect of galactose on hydrogen transfer in the hemolymph of Vespa orientalis. PMID- 7308395 TI - Cellular calcium binding state change during pentylenetetrazole-induced bursting activity in snail neurons. PMID- 7308396 TI - Intramembraneous particle change during pentylenetetrazole-induced bursting activity in snail neurons. PMID- 7308397 TI - Colon absorption of water and NaCl in the rat during lactation and the possible involvement of prolactin. PMID- 7308398 TI - Involvement of tissue monoamine and plasma FFA concentrations in the responses of the pigeon to changes of photoperiod. PMID- 7308399 TI - The relationship between high and low trait psychological stress and serum indicators of stress. PMID- 7308400 TI - Plasma catecholamines in conscious rats: influence of sodium, stress and heredity. PMID- 7308401 TI - Tissue catecholamines following renal denervation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7308402 TI - Drug uptake by lung slices from paraquat-pretreated rats. PMID- 7308403 TI - Possible 5-hydroxytryptamine component in the effect of apomorphine in isolated cerebral and peripheral arteries. PMID- 7308404 TI - Effects of fluoride on glycosaminoglycan of cancellous and cortical bone of rabbits. PMID- 7308405 TI - Cellular damage and recovery of the early developing mouse eye following low dose irradiation. I. X-rays on day 8 of gestation. PMID- 7308406 TI - Massive transfusions with a plasma protein fraction: effects on rat behavior. PMID- 7308407 TI - Intracellular free calcium as a pathogen in cell damage initiated by the immune system. PMID- 7308408 TI - Effect of glucagon administration on serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the freshwater mud eel, Amphipnous cuchia. PMID- 7308409 TI - Ontogenic development of the renal ornithine decarboxylase response to testosterone. PMID- 7308410 TI - Glucocorticoid localization by radioautography in the rabbit eye following systemic administration of 3H-dexamethasone. PMID- 7308411 TI - Morphological and biochemical modifications of rat germ cell mitochondria induced by new antispermatogenic compounds: studies in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7308412 TI - Augmented glucose uptake and amino acid release by muscle underlying the burn wound and their moderation by ketone bodies. PMID- 7308413 TI - Recovery from chlorphentermine-induced phospholipidosis in rat alveolar macrophages: morphological features. PMID- 7308414 TI - A new animal model for fetal macrosomia in diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 7308415 TI - Analysis of platelets in nonhuman primates: II. Effects of varying dietary fatty acid ratios on platelet ultrastructure and function. PMID- 7308416 TI - Distribution of Mercury in subcellular fractions of brain, liver, and kidney after repeated oral administration of 203Hg-labeled methylmercuric chloride in mice. PMID- 7308417 TI - Use of nicergoline in acute myocardial infarction with diastolic hypertension. PMID- 7308418 TI - [Tissue levels of ribostamycin in man]. PMID- 7308419 TI - [Plasma and urinary levels of ribostamycin in man]. PMID- 7308420 TI - Quantitative infrared analysis of the interaction between trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in solid phase. PMID- 7308421 TI - Long-lasting antilipolytic action of cyclonicate in rats. PMID- 7308422 TI - Simultaneous determination of some butyrophenones and benzodiazepines in human plasma by G.L.C. PMID- 7308423 TI - Ion-pair high pressure liquid chromatography: detection and determination of histamine and its methylderivatives using fluorescamine. PMID- 7308425 TI - On the electron-donor properties of imipramine. PMID- 7308426 TI - [Ion-pair high pressure liquid chromatography: use of fluorescamine for the detection and assay of polyamines in biological materials]. PMID- 7308424 TI - Plasma turnover and excretion of deslanoside C-3H in man after parenteral administration. PMID- 7308428 TI - [Quantitative determination of 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone (DHA) in cosmetics using HPLC]. PMID- 7308429 TI - [TLC determination of noradrenaline in the presence of adrenaline]. PMID- 7308427 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and antilipolytic effect of a derivative of nicotinic acid (sorbinicate) in dialyzed uremic patients]. PMID- 7308430 TI - [Coccidiostats in animal feeds. I. Latest gas chromatography method for the determination of dimetridazole and ipronidazole in medicated feeds]. PMID- 7308431 TI - [Mechanism of the central effects of tropane]. AB - The effect of tropan on exocellular-recorded electrical activity of brain sensorimotor cortical and ventrolateral thalamic neurons was studied in acute experiments on rabbits. Tropan was injected intravenously in a dose of 1-5 mg/kg and applied microiontophoretically to individual neurons. With both routes of administration tropan increased the frequency of spontaneous activity of the majority of cortical and thalamic neurons in the dose-dependent form. The inhibitory action of the microiontophoretically applied catecholamines noradrenaline and dopamine on the activity of brain cortical neurons does not change under the effect of tropan. The stimulatory effect of catecholamines on ventrolateral thalamic neurons is potentiated by tropan. It is suggested that excitation of cortical and subcortical neurons, as well as potentiation of stimulatory catecholaminergic effects in the subcortex underlie the central stimulant effect of tropan. PMID- 7308432 TI - [Effect of prolonged administration of sodium oxybutyrate on the physical work capacity and state of muscle tissue in rats]. PMID- 7308433 TI - [Etiologic study of the GABAergic mechanisms of diazepam tolerance]. AB - Etiologic analysis used in experiments on isolated mice has shown that each biologically important category of intraspecies behavior (aggression, communicability, etc) is characterized by its own time course of diazepam tolerance. Participation of the GABAergic mechanisms in acute and chronic effects of diazepam was demonstrated to vary. Acute effect of diazepam was dominated by the sedative component whose action was reversed by picrotoxin and bicuculline that activated motor rather than zoosocial activities. In the course of diazepam tolerance induction, picrotoxin and bicuculline counteracted antiaggressive action of diazepam and diazepam-induced activation of intraspecies communicability. However, they did not fully inhibit the communicability. PMID- 7308434 TI - [Interaction of naloxone, nalorphine and pentazocine with narcotic analgesics at the metabolic level]. PMID- 7308435 TI - [Effect of acetylcholine, L-glutamate, serotonin and mezaton, administered microiontophoretically, on spontaneous and evoked activity of midbrain reticular formation neurons]. AB - Spontaneous activity of reticular formation neurons responding to the stimulation of pyramidal tract axons and different peripheral conductors is liable to changes during microiontophoretic exposures to acetylcholine, L-glutamate, serotonin and mesaton. The test neurons showed the highest sensitivity to L-glutamate and acetylcholine. 80% of the neurons responded to exposures to several substances. The time course of evoked reactions in the presence of microiontophoresis of biologically active substances is uncertain in character. Different components of evoked responses might react dissimilarly to microiontophoretic application of the substances. 20% of the neurons manifested significant differences as regards the time course of evoked efferent and afferent responses. PMID- 7308436 TI - [Antiedemic action of glycerin in intracerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 7308437 TI - [Age-associated characteristics of the effect of adrenomimetics on myocardial energy metabolism]. PMID- 7308439 TI - [Species differences in the reaction of blood plasma to heparin]. PMID- 7308438 TI - [Kinetic analysis of induced platelet aggregation]. AB - Two mathematic models depicting the kinetics of induced platelet aggregation are suggested. The mechanisms of platelet aggregation involving the reactions of the inductor molecules with membrane receptors and intercellular interactions of platelets are discussed. Analytical expressions depicting the changes in the amount of platelets in the aggregation population and in the course of aggregation are offered. A procedure for calculating the kinetic parameters according to the experimental data is presented. The parameters of aggregation induced by different substances are calculated with the use of computers. It has been shown that application of mathematic stimulation provides valuable information both during the study of the mechanisms and for quantitative analysis of platelet aggregation. PMID- 7308440 TI - [Effect of prolonged administration of prednisolone on the functional and morphological state of mast cells in the gastric and duodenal mucosa]. PMID- 7308441 TI - [Effect of saluretics on bioelectric processes in the vascular wall]. PMID- 7308442 TI - [Effect of furosemide on intact and ischemic rat kidney cortical structures]. AB - Biomicroscopy and microphotography of cortical structures of rat kidneys have shown that furosemide produces a significant increase in the internal and external diameters of the tubules without substantial change in the wall thickness and width of intertubular space. In renal ischemia, the wall thickness and external diameter of the tubules progressively increase. The majority of the tubules show the disappearance of the lumen. In the course of the blood flow recovery, the wall thickening remains unchanged. Ligation of the renal vessels in the presence of furosemide administration also leads to the collapse of the tubules. However, the thickness of the tubular wall decreases while the lumen rises during ischemia. The role of the hydrodynamic effect in the mechanism of anti-ischemic action of furosemid is discussed. PMID- 7308444 TI - [Effect of dioxalim and oxamide on succinate- and lactate-dehydrogenase activity in liver, kidney and brain tissues and on bone marrow chromosomes in rats]. PMID- 7308445 TI - [Effect of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents on the formation and metabolism of granulation-fibrous tissue in foci of inflammation]. PMID- 7308443 TI - [Effect of parmidine and drugs affecting kinin metabolism on pain reactions in mice]. PMID- 7308446 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of glutathione after intraperitoneal administration]. PMID- 7308448 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the action of phenamine and nicotine on giant neurons]. PMID- 7308447 TI - [Effect of serotonin and its antagonists on the evoked responses of the dental zones of the rabbit cerebral cortex during stimulation of the dental pulp]. PMID- 7308449 TI - [Effect of peritol on serotonin uptake by synaptosomes of brain limbic structures and blood platelets in normal and adrenalectomized rats]. PMID- 7308450 TI - [Experimental study of the effect of convallatoxin on the main blood circulation parameters in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 7308451 TI - [Effect of fructose derivatives on platelet aggregation]. AB - Fructose diphosphate, fructose monophosphate and inorganic phosphate decrease platelet aggregation. Fructose does not affect the function under study. The most pronounced antiaggregation action is displayed by fructose diphosphate which enhances calcium binding with thrombocytic membranes. The action of fructose diphosphate depends on the time of its presence in the blood channel. Fifteen minutes after injection the substance inhibits the formation of experimental thrombocytic thromboses. After one hour such an effect does not manifest since fructose diphosphate is absent from the blood flow by that time. PMID- 7308452 TI - [Effect of serotonin and its antagonists on bladder detrusor function]. AB - In anesthetized dogs, intravenous administration of serotonin causes biphasic contraction of the urinary bladder followed by relaxation. The m-antagonist of serotonin, morphine inhibits the first phase of contraction but does not affect the second phase and relaxation. The T-antagonist tipindole exerts no effect on the serotonin-induced contraction and relaxation of the detrusor. The D antagonists, LSD-25, dihydroergotamine, droperidol and cyproheptadine produce no effect on the first phase of contraction but inhibit the second one and successive relaxation of the urinary bladder detrusor. In addition to D antagonists of serotonin, the relaxation of the detrusor is also suppressed by inderal and guanethidine which indicates the participation of the sympathetic component in the effect realization. The serotonin-induced relaxation of the detrusor is not suppressed by benzohexonium. PMID- 7308454 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of the antineoplastic agent 14C-prospidin in rats according to distribution data of the radioactive label]. AB - Prospidin--N,N3-di(beta-chloroethyl)-N1,N2-dispirotripiperazinium - is a broad spectrum antineoplastic drug with low toxicity. Experiments on albino rats with transplanted sarcoma M-1 were made to study the distribution and kinetics of 14C prospidin labeled in the dispirotripiperazinium part of the molecule. On being given intravenously the drug accumulated for 15 minutes. The maximum value of the differential accumulation ratio (CAR) amounted to 3.34 (kidneys) and 0.16 (thymus). The content of the label in organs and tissues was related both to its presence in the blood and to the penetration into the cell structures. The magnitude of the integral indicator in the kidneys, liver, small intestine, bone marrow, lungs and tumor was considerably higher than in other organs. The accumulation of 14C-prospidin mainly by the lung tissue, bronchi, throat and bone marrow enables a correlation to be elucidated between the accumulation and antineoplastic action in the organs under consideration. The presence of the label in different fragments of the 14C-prospidin molecule (14C dispirotripiperazinium and 14C-hydroxypropyl grouping) made it possible to establish that the DAR for the former label in organs and tissues 3--6 hours after the drug administration was 2--6 times greater than for the latter. As judged from the integral content of the label, prospidin had begun metabolizing and its biological activity decreased by the time indicated. PMID- 7308455 TI - The effect of some flavolignans on lipid synthesis in ethanol-intoxicated hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Rat liver cells in primary culture have been used to investigate the effect of ethanol and of two flavolignans 3,7-dihydroxy-2-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl)chroman-4 one (I) and 3,7-dihydroxy-2-[(2,3-diphenyl)-1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl]chroman-4-one (II) on the incorporation of [2-3H]-glycerol into lipids. Ethanol produces a decrease of the incorporation of labelled glycerol into lipids, whereas at the longest times of incubation flavolignans have an opposite effect. Neutral lipid/phospholipid labelling ratio is modified by ethanol in favour of neutral lipids. This action is counteracted by both flavolignans, which are therefore able to hinder, at least partially, the actions of ethyl alcohol on liver lipid metabolism. PMID- 7308456 TI - Cyclic GABA-GABOB analogues. III - Synthesis and biochemical activity of new alkyl and acyl derivatives of 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinone. AB - The synthesis of new N-substituted 4-hydroxy (III) and 4-acyloxy- or 4-alkoxy-2 pyrrolidinones (IV), as analogues of oxiracetam (III c), is reported. For this purpose, a convenient procedure for N-alkylation of the base-labile 4-hydroxy-2 pyrrolidinones (II a, c, d) was developed. Compounds (III) and (IV) were examined on phospholipid synthesis in brain microsomal membranes of rats, both in vivo and in vivo-in vitro, and on protein synthesis in brain slices. Results showed that only oxiracetam (III c), and to a lesser extent piracetam, are active both on phospholipid and brain protein synthesis. PMID- 7308453 TI - [Effect of methylene diphosphonic acid on the immunological reactivity of guinea pigs infected with tuberculosis]. PMID- 7308457 TI - [Antifungal activity of 3,3'-diindolyl-2,2'-tetrasulfide]. AB - The compound 3,3'-diindolyl-2,2'-tetrasulfide was studied for in vitro and in vivo fungistatic activity against various fungi causing human and plant diseases. The compound showed marked activity in vitro especially against dermatophytes and in the agrarian field against Botrytis cinerea. When the low phytotoxicity of the compound is taken into account, it is concluded that the compound has considerable potential as an anticryptogam. PMID- 7308458 TI - [Heteroarylalkanoic acids with potential anti-inflammatory activity. II]. AB - A series of (1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-1,1-dioxide-3-yl)acetic acids was prepared so that antiinflammatory activity could be tested. Some of the compounds synthetized showed marked activity against plantar edema induced by carrageenin and/or dextran. It was found that in this series antiinflammatory activity is related to the nature of the substituents on the benzene ring as well as their number, dihalogen substitution being the most favourable modification and dichlorosubstitution in particular giving the compounds most active against both types of edema. PMID- 7308459 TI - Synthesis of 7-[7-(2-thienylacetamido)-cephalosporanamido]cephalosporanic and 6 [7-(2-thienylacetamido)cephalosporanamido]-penicillanic acids. AB - The synthesis of some molecules containing two moieties with potential antibiotic activity is described. These compounds were obtained by acylation of esters of 7 aminocephalosporanic and 6-aminopenicillanic acids with beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7308460 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some 2,3-dihydro-3-phenyl-1,4 benzodioxin derivatives. AB - The synthesis and some pharmacological properties of five 2,3-dihydro-3-phenyl 1,4-behzodioxin derivatives (II d-h) are reported. The new compounds generally result more active as local anaesthetics, but less effective as anti-arrhythmic agents than the corresponding 1,3-benzodioxole derivatives. PMID- 7308461 TI - Action of three nitrosoureas on human lymphocytes. Hypothesis of a specific effect on lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - RFCNU [(chloro-2-ethyl)-1-(ribofuranosylisopropylidene-2',3'-paranitrobenzoate 5')-3- nitrosourea], RPCNU [(chloro-2-ethyl)-1-(ribopyranosyltriacetate-2',3',4') 3-nitrosourea] and CCNU [(chloro-2-ethyl)-1-cyclohexyl-3-nitrosourea) were found cytotoxic in vitro for human blood lymphocytes from healthy donors at doses higher than 50 micrograms/ml. Blood lymphocytes from different individuals displayed different behaviors both in their sensitivity to nitrosoureas and in their proliferative response to mitogenic lectins. With pokeweed-mitogen stimulated lymphocytes the main effect of all three drugs (10 micrograms/ml) was an increase of [3H]-thymidine uptake. This facilitation effect was found only in half of the experiments with phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, while the stimulation by concanavalin A was inhibited under the same conditions. The hypothesis that nitrosoureas might be selectively cytotoxic for a suppressor cell subpopulation might explain the observed increase of thymidine uptake. PMID- 7308462 TI - Preliminary pharmacological data on synthetic peptides related to dermorphin. AB - The preliminary pharmacological data on synthetic peptides related to dermorphin (opiate-heptapeptide) are reported. The tetrapeptide, corresponding to the N terminal sequence of dermorphin is a minimum requirement for significant opiate activity in vitro. PMID- 7308464 TI - Effects of phosphorylated sugars on the formation and expression of an inhibitor of protein synthesis activated by oxidized glutathione in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. PMID- 7308463 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of digitoxigenin aminoesters. AB - A series of 3 beta-esters of digitoxigenin (3 beta-hydroxy-14 beta-hydroxy-5 beta card-20(22)-enolide) with alpha-aminoacids, were synthesized and tested for inotropic activity on the guinea-pig isolated heart and by slow infusion in the cat in comparison with digitoxigenin, Lanatoside C and Strophantin K. Esterification of the 3 beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin with various amino acids led to compounds still retaining inotropic activity with low in vivo potency and short duration of action. The compounds are inactive when administered orally. PMID- 7308465 TI - A factor isolated from liver inhibits reassociation/reactivation of dissociated glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7308466 TI - Reversal of age-dependent decline in respiratory control ratio by hepatic regeneration. PMID- 7308467 TI - Intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen is conformation dependent. PMID- 7308468 TI - C4 binding to artificial systems. PMID- 7308470 TI - The adverse effect of neuraminidase on the analysis of cell surfaces by borohydride tritiation. PMID- 7308471 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis by exogenous A2'p5'A2'p5'A (2-5 A core) and its bis-phosphoramidate analog in intact mouse lymphocytes, hepatocytes and bone marrow cells. PMID- 7308469 TI - Cholesterol is required to prevent crystallization of Mycoplasma arginini phospholipids at physiological temperature. PMID- 7308472 TI - A study of actin-fibronectin interaction. PMID- 7308473 TI - Structural characterization of a novel acidic oligosaccharide unit derived from cow colostrum kappa-casein. A 500 MHz 1H-NMR study. PMID- 7308474 TI - Erythrocyte Cu2(haemb)2 protein. PMID- 7308475 TI - The properties of salt-extracted histone H1. PMID- 7308476 TI - Structural organization of calf thymus chromatin depleted of histone H1 by acidic treatment. PMID- 7308477 TI - Histone-containing subnucleosomes: possible implications to nucleosome structure. PMID- 7308478 TI - A study of the accessibility of the 3'-ends of rRNA within mammalian ribosomes. PMID- 7308481 TI - The specificity of interaction between mRNP proteins and globin mRNA in polyribosomal and cytoplasmic free mRNP. PMID- 7308479 TI - An increase in calmodulin during growth of normal and cancerous liver in vivo. PMID- 7308480 TI - Gangliosides of human meconium - detection of a possible fetal antigen. PMID- 7308483 TI - Effects of prolonged ethanol administration on the hepatic estrogen receptor in the rat. PMID- 7308482 TI - Influx of Ca2+ into isolated secretory vesicles from adrenal medulla. Influence of external K+ and Na+. PMID- 7308485 TI - The effect of selective modification of the arginyl residues of partially metabolized very low density lipoproteins on their uptake by the liver. PMID- 7308484 TI - Aging process decreases the density of muscarinic receptors in rat adenohypophysis. PMID- 7308486 TI - Changes in contour length of polydeoxynucleotide fragments: direct evidence for bifunctional intercalative binding of antibiotic ligands. PMID- 7308487 TI - The dephosphorylation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 is controlled by the deinhibitor protein. PMID- 7308488 TI - Inhibition of autophagic sequestration and endogenous protein degradation in isolated rat hepatocytes by methylated adenosine derivatives. PMID- 7308489 TI - Domains in serum albumin responsible for platelet aggregation. PMID- 7308490 TI - Dependence of the order of addition of MAPs and GTP for microtubule assembly. PMID- 7308491 TI - N-polymethylenecarboxymaleimides -- a new class of probes for membrane sulphydryl groups. PMID- 7308492 TI - Neurophysiology of temperature regulation: problems and perspectives. AB - The neuronal basis of thermal regulation has been intensively studied. Certain neurons in the hypothalamus and elsewhere are extremely sensitive to changes in local and/or external temperature. Recent in vitro work indicates that membrane potentials rather than synaptic events may be the basis of the local sensitivity. Other central sites outside the central nervous system are also now being recognized as sources of thermal information to the thermoregulatory system. The skin thermal input relays to the nucleus raphe magnus and probably passes from there to the hypothalamus. There is still much uncertainty about how and when the skin and deep thermal receptors provide input to the temperature controller. PMID- 7308493 TI - Temperature effects on neuronal elements. AB - This paper presents a review of the experimentally determined values for the temperature dependence of parameters of initiation and propagation of action potentials. These experimentally determined Q10 values are compared to the theoretical Q10 values predicted by the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) equations. The H-H equations (with a Q10 of 3 for the rate constants) accurately predict the temperature dependence of most of the measured parameters. In addition, it is shown that the H-H equations accurately predict the temperature dependence of propagational failure at regions such as branch points, where the safety factor can be lowered by geometric factors that produce an increased electrical load. PMID- 7308494 TI - Primary afferent input from cutaneous thermoreceptors. AB - Many receptors of the skin and mucous membranes in several animal species are thermosensitive. To distinguish among these receptors, specific thermoreceptors have been defined as being insensitive to mechanical stimulation. Specific cold receptors often have a bimodal temperature sensitivity with maximal firing occurring between 25 and 30 C and above 45 C. Specific warm receptors are monomodal with maximal discharge rates occurring between 40 and 50 C. In addition, cold receptors demonstrate burst patterns of activity that may also encode thermal information at temperatures below 30 C. Both warm and cold receptors are markedly sensitive to temperature transients. The sensitivity to warm and cold transients differs not only in direction and intensity of temperature change, but also in the temperature of maximal sensitivity. Cold receptors have specialized terminals and are innervated by A delta fibers whereas warm receptors have free nerve endings and innervated by C fibers. The relationships of these structures to function are unknown. PMID- 7308495 TI - Neural processes in long-term thermal adaptation. AB - Short-term habituation of cats to repeated cold stimuli includes a peripheral component owing to the dynamic response of cutaneous cold receptors. Long-term cold adaptation of up to 4 years causes significant changes in the static and dynamic cold fiber afferents from the cat's nose. These changes, however, do not seem to be essential for the adaptive changes of the thermoregulatory system. Fur growth of cats living for 2 years at 5 C ambient temperature was 30-40% higher than that of controls living at 30 C, and the metabolic response curve was shifted to lower ambient temperatures in the cold-adapted animals. These adaptations are maintained by thermal afferents from the periphery rather than from central thermosensors. Repeated local hypothalamic or spinal cooling in unanesthetized rats for 130 h increased nonshivering thermogenesis after noradrenaline and operant work for warmth in cold environments but did not change general cold resistance. Local cold thresholds of the hand in human subjects were practically independent of the general thermoregulatory state at 10 and 50 C ambient temperature, respectively, whereas thermal comfort elicited by cooling or warming the hand changed considerably with thermoregulation. It is thus assumed that temperature sensation and thermal comfort are mediated by different neural pathways. Repeated exposure to warm or cold environments for 5 days led to a nonspecific increase of affective responses to heating as well as to cooling the hand. PMID- 7308496 TI - Calcium entry blockers and vascular smooth muscle heterogeneity. AB - Inasmuch as the cytoplasmic level of activator Ca2+ governs the contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle cells, the efficacy of calcium entry blockers in curtailing vasoconstriction is determined by the dependency of this level on the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the cells; this dependency varies with the trigger to contraction as well as with the anatomical origin of the vascular preparation tested. Certain calcium entry blockers (e.g., flunarizine and lidoflazine) tested in experimental conditions triggering the influx of the activator ion exhibit a pronounced tissue selectivity, presumably because the characteristics and accessibility of the Ca2+ channels vary among different vascular smooth muscle cells. The time of onset and duration of calcium entry blockade are not identical for all calcium entry blockers, which must reflect their permeation in the tissue as well as their individual pharmacological properties at the molecular level. PMID- 7308497 TI - Mechanisms of action of calcium entry blockers. AB - This review is focused on experimental observations that permit conclusions about the mechanism of action of calcium entry blockers. It is shown that studies on the blockade of contraction (or relaxation) of depolarized smooth muscle must be confirmed by direct estimates of calcium fluxes. Superimposition of dose inhibition curves of contraction and 45Ca entry are a prerequisite for allowing a drug to be regarded as a specific calcium entry blocker. Among the main characteristics of such drugs are their tissue selectivity and use dependency in depolarized preparations. It is shown that one of these (flunarizine) interacts with binding sites located in the plasma membrane possibly associated with the calcium channels. The physiological role of calcium and possible therapeutic uses of calcium entry blockers are also summarized. PMID- 7308498 TI - Clinical use of calcium entry blockers. AB - Recently it has been recognized that coronary vasospasm plays a significant role in precipitating myocardial ischemic pain in a significant minority of individuals with coronary atherosclerosis (approximately 27-35% of patients with angina pectoris at rest). In these individuals normal physiological vasoconstrictor stimuli appear to trigger a spasm of the large epicardial coronary vessels; evidence suggests that it may be caused by the release of increased amounts of calcium from augmented sarcolemmal storage sites. The calcium entry blockers are remarkably effective in preventing coronary spasm by reducing intracellular calcium, but by different mechanisms. Verapamil appears to reduce intracellular and, more specifically, sarcolemmal calcium stores directly. Diltiazem appears to reduce intracellular calcium by stimulating the sarcolemmal sodium-potassium pump and reducing intracellular sodium, and by this mechanism. potentiating passive sodium-calcium exchange. The effects of the calcium entry blockers on myocardial contractility, cardiac pacemaker and conduction tissue, and regional vascular smooth muscle are also different. This makes some of these agents more suitable than others for therapy of other clinical problems such as chronic stable angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia, hypertension, hypertropic cardiomyopathy, and protection of the ischemic myocardium during cardiac surgery. PMID- 7308499 TI - Calcium entry blockers and cardiovacular failure. AB - The beneficial influence of calcium entry blockers in the treatment of ischemia, both in the heart and in other tissues, can be explained by many effects including 1) relaxation of venous smooth muscle cells, in particular those of the splanchnic veins; 2) a negative inotropic effect on the myocardial cells; 3) negative chronotropic effects on the heart; 4) inhibition of vasospastic episodes in coronary and other large arteries; 5) depression of myogenic activity and responsiveness to vasoconstrictor stimuli in precapillary resistance vessels; 6) inhibition of platelet aggregation; 7) possibly, increases in the deformability of hypoxic red blood cells; 8) protection of endothelial integrity and function; and 9) protection of body cells, in particular myocardial cells, from prolonged exposure to anoxia and from massive entry of Ca2+ during reperfusion. In the case of angina pectoris, the effects on the myocardial cell itself, the decrease in preload and afterload, and the improvement of coronary perfusion combine to allow the patient to perform more work before unbalance is reached between the demands of the myocardial cells and their metabolic supply; the increased work performance favors collateral circulation and withdraws part of the reflex load on the heart that originates from the ischemic myocardium. The calcium entry blockers available vary in their potency to affect the different components of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7308500 TI - Ovulation method of natural family planning. PMID- 7308501 TI - Corpus luteum function after follicle aspiration for oocyte retrieval. AB - Follicle aspiration for in vitro fertilization is associated with a statistical disruption of the luteal phase. The severity of the disruption seems to be in relation to the vigorousness and the number of aspirations and therefore the number of granulosa cells that are dislodged from the membrana granulosa layer. Although the statistical importance of this disruption from a biologic point of view does not seem to be significant, as measured by the length of the luteal phase, an analysis of individual cases must be made in order to determine the frequency with which a biologically significant luteal defect may be produced. At the present time, it seems that the fewer the granulosa cells removed at aspiration, the less the luteal disruption will be. The series is discounted as an important factor in inducing luteal dysfunction. PMID- 7308502 TI - Parental chromosomal rearrangements associated with repetitive spontaneous abortions. AB - Parental chromosomal rearrangements represent a well-established cause of repetitive spontaneous abortions. However, the frequent of parental translocations varies widely in reported series, suggesting differences in ascertainment. For this reason a sample of individuals (120 women, 104 men) who had experienced spontaneous abortions but neither stillborn nor anomalous liveborn infants was investigated. Only one translocation was detected (0.4% of individuals). The relatively low frequency of translocations in this series of probably a reflection of not only lack of coexisting stillborn or anomalous infants but also the referral pattern in this unit that facilitates routine analysis of all couples experiencing repetitive abortions. In addition, one women showed a pericentric inversion. PMID- 7308504 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis associated with chronic inflammation in abdominal specimens from women selected for tuboplasty. AB - Chronic inflammation is a frequent cause of tuboplasty failure. Therefore, it would be useful for one to know the microbiologic agent of infection and to treat it before the tuboplasty. By laparoscopy, a search for Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and other microbiologic agents was carried out in the peritoneum and tubes of 118 women divided into 3 groups. Sixty-nine had a checkup before tuboplasty, of which 30 were found to have a chronic inflammatory condition discovered during laparoscopy (group 1) and 39 to have no sign of inflammation (group 2). Forty-nine women with a completely normal pelvis, being followed for possible sterility, were used as a control group. Cultures and serodiagnosis show a significant difference for C. trachomatis between the pathologic groups and the control group. They show no noticeable difference for U. urealyticum. These findings, compared with those by other authors, indicate that C. trachomatis could be an important microbiologic agent in tubal sterility, strongly connected with a low-grade chronic inflammatory condition, and their presence at the time of tuboplasty is to be considered. PMID- 7308503 TI - A prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. II. The effectiveness phase. AB - A five-country prospective study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the ovulation method of natural family planning. After successful completion of a teaching phase of three cycles, 725 subjects entered a 13-cycle effectiveness phase and contributed 7514 cycles of observation. The overall cumulative net probability of discontinuation for the effectiveness study after 13 cycles was 35.6%, 19.6% due to pregnancy. Pregnancy rates per 100 woman-years calculated using the modified Pearl index were as follows: conscious departure from the rules of the method, 15.4; inaccurate application of instructions, 3.5; method failure, 2.8; inadequate teaching, 0.4; and uncertain, 0.5. PMID- 7308505 TI - Pituitary-ovarian function after tubal ligation. AB - Pituitary-ovarian function was evaluated by measurement of daily serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone in women with a previous history of tubal ligation. Normally menstruating women served as controls. The duration of the proliferative and luteal phase was similar for both groups. The midluteal progesterone level averages did not differ between the two groups. Preovulatory LH and 17 beta-estradiol peaks were significantly lower in the tubal ligation group; average midluteal LH and 17 beta-estradiol levels were also lower. These results reveal that pituitary-ovarian function can be altered following surgical sterilization. PMID- 7308506 TI - Effect of glass wool filtration on ultrastructure of human spermatozoa. AB - The results of this study strongly suggest that filtration by glass wool can induce damage to the membrane and acrosome of the heads of some spermatozoa in a population. It is possible that the potential fertilizing capacity of a population of human spermatozoa may be reduced as a consequence of these alterations, especially those to the acrosome. The results suggest that sufficient clinical applications of glass wool filtration in artificial insemination is the only way to evaluate both the potential benefits of this process and the potential drawbacks to efficiency that may be caused by a degree of ultrastructural damage. PMID- 7308507 TI - The association of semen factors with the recovery of Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - Ninety-six semen samples from males under examination for suspected subfertility were examined to determine if alterations in specific semen parameters could be associated with the presence or absence of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Forty-three (44.8%) of the specimens cultured positive for U. urealyticum. Both positive and negative specimens have a normal average motility rating. Sperm counts (millions per milliliter) were slightly higher in U. urealyticum positive samples. Average ejaculate volumes were identical between the two groups. Morphologic abnormalities were not found more frequently in U. urealyticum-positive samples. No statistically significant difference between seminal parameters of positive and negative samples were noted with the one-way analysis of variance test. Nonparametric analysis produced similar nonsignificant results. PMID- 7308508 TI - The structural and functional impact of microsurgical anastomosis on the rabbit oviductal isthmus. AB - Microsurgical transection and anastomosis of the left isthmus in 7 rabbits caused fertility to be reduced 40%. Following rebreeding artificial eggs were introduced into the anastomosed and control oviducts. Sixty-three to 65 hours after mating, direct in vivo observations disclosed varied forms of motion of the artificial eggs within the isthmus, including both small oscillations and occasionally, large precipitous excursions covering more than 1 cm. Subsequent clearing of the genital tracts revealed that the anastomosis in the isthmus had detained most of the natural and artificial eggs, whereas both forms of ova were predominantly past the equivalent site on the control side; yet all anastomosed oviducts were fully patent. We conclude that the decreased fertility after isthmic anastomosis is due not to a physical obstacle but to an inability of the isthmus near the anastomosis to dilate as do other regions of the tube. PMID- 7308510 TI - Testicular varicoceles and tobacco consumption. PMID- 7308509 TI - Reproduction in rabbits after excision of the oviductal isthmus, ampullary isthmic junction, and uteroisthmic junction. AB - The effect of total deletion of the isthmus, including the ampullary-isthmic junction and the uteroisthmic junction, upon reproduction was determined in 21 rabbits. None became pregnant on the side lacking isthmus, whereas all became pregnant on the intact control side. Eight does were studied using in vivo and in vitro techniques at 18 to 20, 64 to 65, and 136 to 137 hours after mating. Spermatozoa fertilized the ova, with evidence of polyspermy. However, the modified oviduct did not transport fertilized ova into the uterus at the normal time. Furthermore, degeneration was noted from the morula stage onwards. We conclude that the rabbit ova can neither develop normally past the morula stage nor enter the uterus at the normal time in a recognizable form in the total absence of isthmus, and infertility results. PMID- 7308511 TI - The continuing need for contraceptive research. PMID- 7308512 TI - In vitro fertilization: the challenge of the eighties. AB - A review of the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program between July 1979 and December 1980 at The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, is presented. A total of 402 treatment cycles involving 186 patients have produced five pregnancies. Two pregnancies resulted from spontaneous ovulatory cycles and three from stimulated cycles. One live birth of a normal female child is reported. The protocol for both spontaneous and stimulated cycles and the problems that each produces are discussed. It is concluded that the stimulated cycle is to be preferred, because it allows higher rates of ovum recovery and embryo transfer. The fertilization and cleavage rates are the same for both methods. Associated research into in vitro blastocyst development, steroidogenesis in the corona cells, and the detection of other "early pregnancy factors" is presented and discussed. The paper concludes with a short statement on the ethical and moral problems posed by the research. PMID- 7308513 TI - Mechanisms of control of prolactin release in response to apprehension stress and anesthesia-surgery stress. AB - The response of prolactin to stress may not be controlled by a single mechanism. This study was designed to measure the prolactin response in the human female to two reproducible stresses: the apprehension (A) prior to surgery (laparoscopy and hysteroscopy) and the stress of the anesthesia-surgery (AS). Attempts to modify the release of prolactin was made by pharmacologic means. Thirty-eight normally menstruating women served either as controls or received histamine (H1), serotonin, opioid, or dopamine receptor-blocking agents and the prolactin response was measured. The release of prolactin to AS was blunted by higher-dose of opioid and by dopamine antagonists. The A release of prolactin was enhanced by the dopaminergic antagonist and blunted by the other three agents. It was concluded that the mechanism for the stress-induced release of prolactin may vary depending upon the nature of the stress. PMID- 7308514 TI - Bromocriptine reduction of prolactinoma size. AB - Eight consecutive patients with large prolactinomas, as assessed by elevated serum prolactin concentrations and suprasellar extension of the visualized pituitary adenoma on computerized tomographic (CT) scanning, were treated with bromocriptine. With prospective evaluation all eight patients demonstrated disappearance of symptoms ascribed to both the hyperprolactinemia and the tumor itself, and all eight showed a decrease in tumor size within 3 months, as assessed by CT scanning. This prospective study demonstrates that the reduction in size of a large prolactinoma by bromocriptine is commonly observed and should be considered as an initial form of therapy for such patients. PMID- 7308515 TI - Nocturnal prolactin levels in infertility. AB - Since serum prolactin rises during sleep in normal women, nocturnal serum prolactin concentrations were determined every 30 minutes in follicular phase and again in luteal phase in 13 regularly menstruating infertile women with daytime normoprolactinemia, 8 of whom had luteal phase defects. When compared with controls, there was an increased serum prolactin elevation in 7 women. Six of the women with nocturnal hyperprolactinemia took bromocriptine for two menstrual cycles. This treatment eliminated the excessive nocturnal prolactin rise but did not result in consistent improvement in endometrial development. Polytomographic findings compatible with a pituitary microadenoma were seen in 5 of 7 women with nocturnal hyperprolactinemia. Random daytime prolactin levels may be normal in infertile women who have nocturnal hyperprolactinemia associated with x-ray evidence of pituitary microadenoma. PMID- 7308516 TI - Basal body temperature: unreliable method of ovulation detection. AB - Basal body temperature (BBT) charts for menstrual cycles of 98 women were evaluated by six experienced physicians. The time of ovulation as estimated from the charts by a consensus of at least five of the evaluators coincided with the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak +/- 1 day in only 17 (22.1%) of the 77 cycles that were determined by endocrine profiles to be ovulatory and to have adequate luteal phases. An additional 22.1% of these cycles were thought to have monophasic patterns by a consensus of the physicians. Extreme caution in interpretation is urged when BBT is used for clinical or research evaluations of ovulation or menstrual cycle dynamics. PMID- 7308517 TI - Concentrations of copper in human secretions and weight of the copper wire during the 4 to 7 years after insertion of a Cu-IUD (intrauterine device). AB - The useful life span of the two most commonly used copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) (Gravigard and Cu-T) was investigated in a long-term study up to 90 months after insertion. Minor differences between the two types of devices were found that, however, probably do not contribute to a diverging contraceptive efficacy with time. To be able to ensure maximal contraceptive effect, the authors suggest on the basis of the present data that the time of use not exceed 5 to 6 years. PMID- 7308518 TI - Long-term contraception with a single implant of the progestin ST-1435. AB - Silastic capsules containing the synthetic progestin ST-1435 was inserted in 282 women of reproductive age who desired long-term contraception. Each woman received a single implant for 6 months' use. After evaluating the experience of the first 45 subjects, replacement capsules were offered to women desirous of continuing the method after the initial 6 months of use. In the first 6-month segment one pregnancy and 1720 woman-months of use were recorded. The total experience, through as many as six segments of use was 3373 woman-months of use and one pregnancy. The Pearl Index is 0.36 per 100 woman-years. The single pregnancy, recorded in the 1st month of the first segment, may represent a conception prior to implant placement. Amenorrhea was the most common side effect reported, with 83% of the women having at least one nonbleeding interval longer than 60 days during the first segment of use. PMID- 7308519 TI - Structure and function of the fallopian tubes following exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) during gestation. AB - The association between the use of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and vaginal and cervical adenocarcinoma and adenosis in the progeny was first reported by Herbst et al. in 1971. This progeny will reach a peak as far as reproduction is concerned in this decade. It is estimated that 2 million women may be involved to varying degrees. Changes in uterine and cervical contour and structure have been detailed. Thus DES exposure and anatomic changes in the Mullerian system have been documented. In this report 16 women in the reproductive age group who were exposed to DES in utero and presented with infertility are discussed. On workup for infertility they were found to have unique tubal morphologic features consisting of a foreshortened, convoluted tube with "withered" fimbria with a pinpoint os at laparoscopy. The diagnosis could not be made at the time of hysterosalpingogram. Three patients had surgery in an attempt to correct this condition; and in all cases the surgery was unsuccessful. No statistical data is offered as to epidemiologic factors or incidence rates, but the suspected increase in infertility and ectopic pregnancy rates in patients with DES exposure may corroborate these findings. PMID- 7308521 TI - Zona-free hamster eggs and human sperm penetration capacity: a comparative study of proven fertile donors and infertility patients. AB - An in vitro penetration assay utilizing human sperm and zona-free hamster eggs was employed to evaluate human sperm fertilizing capacity for 36 patients from the infertility clinic and 9 donors of proven fertility. The infertility patients were grouped according to the normality of their semen analyses. Test results were different for the three groups: a mean penetration level +/- standard deviation of 81% +/- 26% was obtained for proven fertile donors, while a value of 14% +/- 17% was observed for infertile couples with an abnormal semen analysis. A mean +/- standard deviation penetration level of 48% +/- 33% was associated with infertile couples in which the semen analysis was normal. These groups were statistically different (P less than 0.02) when inseminations were conducted at equivalent concentrations of motile sperm. No correlation was obvious between penetration test results and any of the parameters of the semen analysis; however, penetration test results did not correlate positively with the survival index (sperm survival at the end of insemination). These results are discussed in relation to further clinical application of the test. PMID- 7308520 TI - Changing parameters of donor semen. AB - Effective contraception and easily available abortion have contributed to the decline of adoptable children. This decline has resulted in a marked increase in the demand for AID. The provider of donor semen must establish minimal semen criteria to meet this demand effectively. During the past 8 years the authors have found a declining trend in several parameters of donor semen. Sperm count has decreased steadily, but not motility. Forward progression, viability, and morphologic characteristics have also shown a declining trend. The authors have had to reject a greater number of potential candidates in each ensuing year to exceed their minimal semen criteria. Despite the higher rejection rate, the authors have not been able to maintain the higher sperm parameters seen in the earlier years. The authors project that in 5 or 6 years, if the trend continues, no potential donor will meet their current minimal standards. PMID- 7308523 TI - Induction of the shaking phenomenon by pretreatment of spermatozoa with sera containing antispermatozoal antibodies. AB - Sera containing sperm-agglutinating and/or complement-dependent sperm immobilizing activity were tested for their ability to induce a shaking phenomenon in the sperm-cervical mucus contact (SCMC) test. Donor spermatozoa were treated with the sera in a one-step incubation and washing procedure. The percentage of motile pretreated spermatozoa showing the shaking phenomenon (S%) was determined in the SCMC test. In addition, the immunoglobulin class of antibodies present on the pretreated spermatozoa was determined in mixed antiglobulin reaction tests for IgG, IgM, and IgA. An S% of at least 80 was always observed with spermatozoa pretreated in sera with a sperm agglutination titer of at least 32, provided that IgG was detected on more than 90% of the motile spermatozoa. The high S% was also obtained with spermatozoa pretreated in purified IgG from sera containing antispermatozoal antibody activity. It was concluded that the reduced cervical mucus penetration capacity of spermatozoa pretreated with sera containing antispermatozoal IgG could be ascribed, at least partially, to the occurrence of a shaking phenomenon. PMID- 7308522 TI - Ability of antibody-bound human sperm to penetrate zona-free hamster ova in vitro. AB - Sera from men and women at risk for immunologic causes of infertility were screened for sperm-specific antibodies by a new test devised to assess directly the presence of immunoglobulins bound to the sperm plasma membrane. Passive antibody transfers to antibody-negative sperm of a fertile donor were performed with the use of sera that possessed iso- or auto-antibodies directed against the sperm head, including the acrosome and postacrosomal regions. The ability of these antibody-bound sperm to penetrate the zona-free hamster egg in vitro, a prerequisite for fertilization, was enhanced, as compared with the penetrating ability of antibody-free sperm of the same donor. These results indicate that the sperm-specific antibodies studied in these experiments, although bound to the sperm head, do not cause infertility by interfering with the acrosome reaction or gamete membrane fusion. PMID- 7308524 TI - The significance of the Fc part of antispermatozoal antibodies for the shaking phenomenon in the sperm-cervical mucus contact test. AB - Donor spermatozoa with good motility were pretreated with four sera containing high titers of sperm-agglutinating IgG, one serum without sperm-agglutinating activity, the IgG fractions from these five sera, F(ab)2 and Fragment antigen binding (Fab) fragments from these sera and from the IgG fractions, and one seminal plasma sample with a high titer of sperm-agglutinating IgA. With mixed antiglobulin reaction tests the percentage of motile pretreated spermatozoa sensitized with IgG Fab or IgG Fragment crystalline (Fc) parts was determined. Spermatozoa sensitized with intact antispermatozoal IgG showed a strong reduction in their capacity to penetrate cervical mucus. The reduction of the penetration capacity was determined by estimation of the percentage of motile spermatozoa rapidly shaking (S%) in the sperm-cervical mucus contact (SCMC) test. Removal of the Fc parts resulted in a decreased S%. Treatment of spermatozoa, on which Fab fragments were present, with intact antibodies to IgG Fab fragments, resulted in a recurrence of a high S%. A decrease of the S% was also found if Fab fragments from antibodies to IgG Fc fragments were added to spermatozoa sensitized with intact antispermatozoal IgG. Similarly, it was found that a decrease of the S% occurred when IgA sensitized spermatozoa were treated with Fab fragments from antibodies to human IgA. In the sperm penetration meter test the IgA sensitized spermatozoa treated with Fab fragments from anti-human IgA antibodies showed a better penetration than untreated IgA-sensitized spermatozoa. PMID- 7308525 TI - Fertility and ovum transport after microsurgical removal of the uterotubal junction in rabbits. AB - The role of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) in fertility and ovum transport was investigated following unilateral microsurgical resection of the UTJ in 15 rabbits. Fourteen animals became pregnant on the UTJ resected side and 14 on the control side following artificial insemination and induction of ovulation. Fifty two of 61 ova (85.2%) became implanted on the control side, and 56 of 68 ova (82.3%) became implanted on the resected side. Ten days after delivery, artificial insemination and induction of ovulation were repeated. Ovum transport was examined at 60, 66, and 72 hours. There was no significant difference in ovum transport between UTJ resected and control sides. The distribution of ova within the oviduct and the time of their entrance into the uterus was comparable in both sides. These results indicate that the UTJ is not necessary for normal fertility and ovum transport in the rabbit. PMID- 7308526 TI - Mechanically-induced hydrosalpinx: long-term oviductal dilatation does not impair ciliary transport function. AB - Long-term hydrosalpinges were mechanically induced in rabbits by ligation of the fimbriated end of the oviduct. The structure and function of these model hydrosalpinges were studied 28 to 52 weeks following ligation. This procedure caused a nonpurulent, clear serous fluid to accumulate within the lumen of the ampulla, which resulted in dilatation of the ampulla and thinning of the tubal wall. The intraluminal mucosal folds were attenuated in the expanded regions; however, normal ciliation was predominant throughout the endosalpinx. Two rabbits, one with a single distal tubal ligation and the other with double ampullary ligation, showed abnormal epithelium with distinct patches of flattened polygon-shaped, nonciliated cells. In vivo and in vitro observations of luminal transport of surrogate ova in cumulus showed that ciliary transport was not affected by the long-term gross distension of the ampullae. The authors conclude that long-term tubal dilatation by itself does not alter tubal morphology sufficiently to impair ovum transport function in the oviductal ampulla. PMID- 7308527 TI - Mastocytosis occurring in the testes from patients with idiopathic male infertility. PMID- 7308528 TI - Abnormal seminal cytology in a patient with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. PMID- 7308529 TI - Campylobacter enteritis. PMID- 7308530 TI - Fission in the nuclear family. PMID- 7308531 TI - Summary of consensus development conference on CEA. PMID- 7308532 TI - Family size and the quality of children. AB - If couples decide to have fewer children in order to achieve higher "quality" offspring, are they correct in assuming that the quality of children bears an important and inverse relation to family size? If they are correct, how does number of children operate to affect individual quality? This research (using U.S. whites primarily) takes educational attainment (among adults) and college plans (among youngsters) as the principal indicators of quality, but also directs some attention to measures of intelligence. The analysis supports the "dilution model" (on average, the more children the lower the quality of each child) and indicates that only children do not suffer from lack of siblings, and that other last-borns are not handicapped by a "teaching deficit." Number of siblings (relative to other background variables) is found to have an important detrimental impact on child quality--an impact compounded by the fact that, when couples are at a stage in life to make family-size decisions, most background factors (however important to the quality of their children) are no longer readily manipulable. A special path analysis of college plans among boys uses a modification of Sewell's Wisconsin Model as its base. The results show that number of siblings is a negative influence on intervening variables affecting college plans. In general, the research documents the unfavorable consequences for individual siblings of high fertility, even in a country that is (at least for whites) as socially, economically, and politically advantaged as the United States. PMID- 7308533 TI - A time series of instrumental fertility variables. AB - Temporal variations in conventional fertility measures reflect the operation of instrumental variables: quantitative and temporal intentions; success in achieving intentions; and reproductive conditions. A set of such variables is described, using data from the 1975 National Fertility Study. There was a large decline in the number of intended conceptions, a recent large rise in the extent of their delay, a very large decline in rates of failure to delay or terminate fertility, and a very large recent rise in sterilization. But one problem proved important and intractable: When the data source is a cross-sectional survey, the length of open interval is inherently different for real and for synthetic cohorts, it is strongly related to reproductive intention, and that affects the classification of exposure to risk in the open interval. PMID- 7308534 TI - Religion, socialization, and fertility. AB - Longitudinal data from a large sample of Wisconsin men and women are used to examine the effects on fertility of religious and secular socialization, including farm upbringing. Analyses of children ever born (CEB) and of parity progression show that current religious choice is more important in explaining fertility than is religion of orientation or denomination of secondary school. The effects of current and background religion are additive, and the effect of current religion is the same for men as for women at each parity progression. Catholic religious background affects fertility primarily by increasing the likelihood of having a third or fourth child; its indirect effects on fertility operate through religious schooling and current religious affiliation. Unlike religious background, the positive influence of farm background on fertility persists among men and women, even when current farm employment is controlled. PMID- 7308536 TI - Female employment and fertility in Peninsular Malaysia: the maternal role incompatibility hypothesis reconsidered. AB - Multivariate analysis of the 1974 Malaysian Fertility and Family Survey tests the hypothesis that an inverse relationship between women's work and fertility occurs only when there are serious conflicts between working and caring for children. The results are only partly consistent with the hypothesis and suggest that normative conflicts between working and mothering affect the employment-fertility relationship in Malaysia more than spacio-temporal conflicts do. The lack of consistent evidence for the hypothesis, as well as some conceptual problems, lead us to propose an alternative framework for understanding variation in the employment-fertility relationship, both in Malaysia and elsewhere. This framework incorporates ideas from the role incompatibility hypothesis but views the employment-fertility relationship as dependent not just on role conflicts but more generally on the structure of the household's socioeconomic opportunities. PMID- 7308537 TI - The effect of female education on fertility: a simple explanation. AB - This paper investigates the structure of the relationship between female education and fertility. It is based on data published in First Country Reports of the World Fertility Surveys for eleven countries--Costa Rica, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Panama, Fiji, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Indonesia. The cumulative marital fertility of educated women is shown to be similar in different settings. A lack of uniformity in the education and fertility relationship including the curvilinear nature of this relationship observed across countries is shown to be attributable to marked differences between countries in the average fertility of women with no education rather than to the presumed differences in the average fertility of the educated women. The structure of the relationship is shown to be similar across several developing countries. This analysis suggests that advancement in female education can be expected to influence fertility behavior even without simultaneous changes in other factors such as increasing opportunity for participation in the paid labor force in the modern sector. PMID- 7308535 TI - Effects of the timing of marriage and first birth of the spacing of subsequent births. AB - Analyzing data from a fifteen-year follow-up survey of high school students originally surveyed in 1957-58 and resurveyed in 1973-74, this paper examines the effects of the timing of marriage and first birth on subsequent childspacing, holding constant the effects of other variables that may be sources of spuriousness. The results suggest that age at first marriage has a causal effect on the occurrence of a short first birth interval and that age at first marriage and premarital pregnancy interact in their effect on the occurrence of a short second birth interval. Age at first marriage has no causal effect on the spacing of the second birth for those whose first child was maritally conceived. The spacing of the first birth, however, appears to have a causal effect on the spacing of the second. PMID- 7308538 TI - Antecedents to contraceptive innovation: evidence from rural Northern Thailand. AB - A number of different causal mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onset of fertility declines in populations with previously uncontrolled fertility, but they have never been adequately tested. The present study identifies and tests five antecedents to family limitation practices in a sample of 755 currently married couples resident in rural Northern Thailand. The log-linear multiple regression models estimated indicate that couples in more developed districts, more modern couples, couples in which wives have more equal roles, couples believing that intergenerational wealth transfers favor children rather than their parents, and more wealthy couples, were all significantly more likely to be early adopters of contraception. Local development levels appeared to have the greatest net effects on the timing of adoption of fertility control. In addition, couples in areas where contraceptive services were more readily available were also significantly more likely to be contraceptive innovators, net of these five variables. PMID- 7308539 TI - Community availability of contraceptives and family limitation. AB - This study examines the impact of contraceptive service availability on contraceptive use in Korea, Mexico, and Bangladesh. Using World Fertility Survey Data on once-married females and their communities of residence, the multivariate analysis finds that the community level of contraceptive availability directly affects the likelihood of current use, net of the effects of community development, education, parity, and marital duration. The results are supportive of the recent policy emphasis on maximizing the geographic availability of contraceptive services. PMID- 7308540 TI - A note on measuring the independent impact of family planning programs on fertility declines. AB - This note critically evaluates recent cross-national studies that estimate the independent effect of family planning programs on the fertility of the developing world. The evaluation demonstrates that past research is biased to produce overestimates of net program impact. A new estimate is derived to account more completely for the effects of the social context and socioeconomic development on fertility. This estimate indicates that 5 percent of the variation in crude birth rate decline for 89 developing countries is due to family planning programs. This is substantially less than past estimates. PMID- 7308541 TI - CBR versus TFR in cross-national fertility research. AB - This paper addresses the question of whether the crude birth rate (CBR) can be used as a proxy for more refined fertility measures in cross-national models of fertility determinants. It responds to a recent claim that the CBR represents an inappropriate fertility measure for these purposes. In the analysis, several strategies are used to assess the degree to which results based on the CBR are sensitive to lack of adjustment for age structure. The paper concludes that using the CBR as a proxy has minor and unimportant effects upon conclusions regarding fertility determinants. PMID- 7308542 TI - A probability mixture model of completed parity. AB - This research was designed to find a probability model that would adequately describe completed parity for women in populations characterized by high fertility combined with high zero parity. A negative binomial mixture distribution was adapted for this purpose. The form of this distribution suggests the hypothesis that human populations consist of two subgroups of women with respect to completed parity, defined according to whether they do or do not produce viable offspring. Results of the present research further suggest that the proposed distribution for completed parity has general applicability across human populations, whether they are of a high or low fertility type, and whether they have a high or low zero parity. PMID- 7308543 TI - Dissolution of first unions in Colombia, Panama, and Peru. AB - An analysis of marital histories from World Fertility Survey data in Colombia, Panama, and Peru indicates a high level of union dissolution: the probabilities of a first union ending by separation within twenty years of the onset of union equal .27, .40, and .18 in the three countries respectively. Dissolution probabilities are especially high among women with young ages at first union and among women residing in urban areas. For all subgroups studied, consensual unions are characterized by several times the risk of separation of legal marriages. Consensual unions are especially frequent among women in rural areas, women with little education and women who enter unions at young ages. The different prevalence of consensual unions among the different subgroups affects the associations between union stability and various correlates so that it becomes essential to investigate the factors affecting union stability for both consensual unions and legal marriages. In spite of high dissolution rates, remarriage rates in all three countries are also high, as are the percentages of time spent in a union. Hence, the potential effects of voluntary disruption of unions on fertility appear to be modest. PMID- 7308544 TI - Young women's transition to marriage. AB - This paper examines determinants of timing of marriage for young women by modeling the transition from the single to the married state by age. This approach, combined with a large longitudinal data set, allows us to disaggregate the analysis into fine age groupings and to include situational and attitudinal factors in our model. We find that those characteristics of a young woman's parental family that reflect the availability of parental resources tend to decrease the chances of a marriage during the early teens. Chances of marrying appear to decrease with increases in the availability and attractiveness of alternatives to the wife role and in the costs of assuming it. We discuss these results from the perspective of the societal and parental normative pressures which affect timing of marriage for young women. PMID- 7308545 TI - [Effects of urea containing ointments on epidermis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308546 TI - [Genodermatoses in the district of Herzberg/Elster (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308547 TI - [The combination of Jenacellin A and probenecid for treatment of gonorrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308548 TI - [Data to the gastrointestinal defense mechanism. The role of the local immunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308549 TI - [Preservability of human ejaculate in oligozoospermia]. PMID- 7308551 TI - Perinuclear halo formation as an indication of phototoxic effects. PMID- 7308550 TI - Inhibitory effect of plasma on photohaemolysis in erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - The effect of plasma and serum on the photohaemolysis of red cells from erythropoietic protoporphyria patients was studied. Low concentrations (up to 50 100 ml/l) markedly inhibited the rate of photohaemolysis, this effect being partially reversed at higher plasma concentrations. Most of the lysis-inhibiting material co-eluted with serum albumin on gel filtration columns, although a considerable inhibiting effect was also associated with higher molecular weight material. A significant part of the albumin effect can be ascribed to its protoporphyrin-binding capacity. However, most of the effect seems due to an as yet unidentified property of this protein. Evidence is presented that the effect of albumin must be somehow specific to the human protein, as albumins from other sources were much less effective. PMID- 7308552 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Biochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - Ultrastructural and biochemical studies of the dermis from patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum are described. Elastin fibers showed mineral deposits that were associated with an elastin material exhibiting altered affinity for the electron microscopical stains and altered ultrastructural organization. In the most affected patient the elastin was shown to be increased and to have an abnormal amino acid composition. In some patients the collagen fibers were laterally fused. The ground substance was increased as evidenced by electron microscopy and confirmed by a slight increase in uronic acids, hexosamines, and neutral sugars. PMID- 7308553 TI - HLA antigens in Jews with pemphigus vulgaris. AB - The association of HLA antigens with pemphigus in Jewish patients of various ethnic origins was investigated. Of 45 Ashkenazi patients, 31 (68.6%) had A26 (p less than 10(-5) and 32 (7175) had BW38 ( less than 10(-5)0. Among the 11 non Ashkenazi patients, 7 (63.6%) had A26 and only 1 had BW38. The question whether the antigen A26 or BW38 is linked with the disease is discussed. Our findings may suggest that the primary association of pemphigus is with A26. This association may be stronger in Jewish male patients than in females. In view of the recent literature and our results it may be presumed that pemphigus in Jews is associated with antigens of Loci A and DR. No differences between pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus erythematosus were observed. PMID- 7308554 TI - Release of betamethasone 17-valerate from extemporaneous dilutions of a proprietary topical cream. AB - Six different vehicles for topical use were used to prepare 50% dilutions of Betnovate (betamethasone 17-valerate, 0.1%) cream. Blanching assessment as undertaken immediately after preparing the various dilutions and at 1 and 3 months thereafter. Few statistically significant differences were noted between any of the preparations tested indicating hat the rate of release of betamethasone 17-valerate is relatively unaffected by dilution. All preparations were assayed by a stability indicating high pressure liquid chromatographic technique for corticosteroid content. A diminution in the content of betamethasone 17-valerate in the E45 dilution was found 14 months after preparation. All other formulations tested were found to comply with label claim specifications. PMID- 7308555 TI - Epithelioma cuniculatum, a verrucous carcinoma of the foot. Report of 2 cases. PMID- 7308556 TI - HLA and psoriasis in the Chinese. AB - The HLA locus A, B and C antigen frequency of 70 unrelated Chinese patients with psoriasis were compared to that of 330 normal subjects. The frequency of 1, Aw30 and B13 were significantly elevated among patients compared to normals, even after correction for the number of antigens typed for. The joint occurrence of Aw30, B13 was observed in 20/70 (37.1%) patients compared to 8/330 /2.4%) normals (chi 2 = 60.7, RR = 16.1). Aw30 and B13 were found to be in significant linkage disequilibrium in patients as well as normals. PMID- 7308557 TI - Proteoglycans: their structure, interactions and molecular organization in cartilage. PMID- 7308558 TI - The antithrombin-binding sequence of heparin. PMID- 7308559 TI - Multivalent proteins and multidentate polysaccharides: interaction of platelet factor 4 and heparin. PMID- 7308560 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic studies of the interaction between cartilage proteoglycan and hyaluronate. PMID- 7308561 TI - Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering by biological macromolecules. PMID- 7308562 TI - Fibronectin structure and function, and its interactions with glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 7308563 TI - Conformations and interactions of blood-group oligosaccharides. PMID- 7308564 TI - The role of carbohydrates in the recognition and uptake of glycoproteins by mammalian cells. PMID- 7308565 TI - Selective uptake of liposomes by different cell types of liver through the involvement of liposomal surface glycosides. PMID- 7308567 TI - Identification of surface antigens of the asexual erythrocytic cycle of malaria parasites. PMID- 7308566 TI - Induction of resistance to filarial infections. PMID- 7308569 TI - Surface antigens on haemoparasites and their relevance to protective immunity. PMID- 7308568 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: biochemical changes during early stages of the infection. PMID- 7308570 TI - The application of microdensitometry and microfluorimetry to the measurement of the biochemical activity of the individual cell. PMID- 7308571 TI - The technique of LAMMA micro mass spectrometry. PMID- 7308572 TI - Analysis of the cell-cycle expression of a mouse H4-histone gene by centrifugal elutriation. PMID- 7308575 TI - Active calcium transport in the chick chorioallantoic membrane requires interaction with the shell membranes and/or shell calcium. PMID- 7308573 TI - The structure and development of a somatotopic map in crickets: the cercal afferent projection. PMID- 7308577 TI - Alkaline phosphatase isozymes as possible markers of differentiation in human testicular teratocarcinoma cell lines. PMID- 7308574 TI - The effects of transplantation and regeneration of sensory neurons on a somatotopic map in the cricket central nervous system. PMID- 7308578 TI - The ascidian sperm reaction: Ca2+ uptake in relation to H+ efflux. PMID- 7308576 TI - The appearance of an extracellular arylsulfatase during morphogenesis of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. PMID- 7308579 TI - A middle-affinity estrogen-specific binding protein in livers of vitellogenic and nonvitellogenic Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7308580 TI - Neural plate morphogenesis and axial stretching in "notochord-defective" Xenopus laevis embryos. PMID- 7308582 TI - International symposium on fish biologics: serodiagnosis and vaccines. Preparation of biologics: technical aspects. PMID- 7308581 TI - Biologics used for serodiagnostics of fish pathogens (viruses). PMID- 7308583 TI - Standardization of biologics for fishes. PMID- 7308584 TI - Protection and the immune response in fishes. PMID- 7308585 TI - Biologics for immunization of fishes. PMID- 7308586 TI - Biologics used for serodiagnostics of fish pathogens (bacteria). PMID- 7308587 TI - Long-term continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion with an implanted remote controlled insulin infusion device. AB - This is a report of the implantation and first 100-day operation using a remote controlled programmable insulin infusion device in an insulin-dependent diabetic. To prevent insulin aggregation, a special surface-active polymer developed by Hoechst AG, Frankfurt, was used as an additive. Implantation was completed on April 8, 1981, and good metabolic control was reached immediately and has continued to date (July 1981), with this unit providing the only source of insulin. There have been no hypoglycemic attacks. Patient acceptance is very good. The Siemens unit, PFA 01 (external) and DFA 01 (implanted) has proved reliable and precise. PMID- 7308588 TI - The diagnosis of postprandial hypoglycemia. AB - Our observation that hypoglycemia, often self-diagnosed by our patients, was seldom confirmed led the authors to establish norms for the glucose tolerance test. We first obtained values for 650 patients who were entirely free from symptoms before and during testing. The median nadir in this group was 64 mg/dl. Ten percent of the patients had plasma glucose nadirs of 47 mg/dl or below and 2.5% had values of 39 mg/dl or less. Utilizing these values in combination with clinical criteria, we confirmed hypoglycemia after glucose load in 16 (median nadir 39.5 mg/dl) of 118 patients presenting with this diagnosis, and only 5 of the 16 were hypoglycemic after their usual meals. The other 102 patients, whose many complaints were unrelated to measured plasma glucose levels, had nadirs similar to those of the control group. Placebo tests performed on 14 nonhypoglycemic patients provoked symptoms (recorded by the patients themselves) and they considered indicative of hypoglycemia. Some accepted other diagnoses after we demonstrated that their symptoms occurred when they were normoglycemic. Since nadirs of hypoglycemics and control subjects overlap, we conclude that accurate diagnosis of hypoglycemia requires that symptoms develop concurrently with low blood sugar and that they are absent at other times. Low plasma glucose must be considered only one of the criteria in diagnosing functional hypoglycemia along with a relationship between food intake, timing of symptoms, correlation of symptoms and low glucose levels, and reproducibility of test results. PMID- 7308589 TI - The lipocytes in normal human liver. A quantitative study. AB - A quantitative analysis of lipocytes (fat-storing cells, Ito cells) has been conducted on needle liver biopsies of 8 subjects without hepatic impairment. The mean volume density of lipocytes was 1.88 +/- 0.25% of parenchymal volume, and the number of lipocytes per 1,000 hepatocytes (Ito cell index) was 63.45 +/- 19.18. A study of the zonal distribution showed that the values were significantly higher in the centrolobular than in the periportal areas. No correlation was evident between the volume density or the number of lipocytes and the volume density of parenchymal steatosis. The high coefficients of variation resulting from the present study are evidence that quantitative data are necessary to evaluate volumetrical or numerical variations of lipocytes. PMID- 7308590 TI - Variable effect of lithium on canine pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin release by a meal or bombesin. AB - Lithium is a cation which has central nervous system effects and is able to interfere with both the release and action of polypeptide hormones. We examined its effect on basal and stimulated plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels in 4 dogs with chronic gastric fistulas. Gastrin and PP release were stimulated by a meal or bombesin nonapeptide infusion (1.2 microgram kg-1h-1). The studies were repeated 24h and 14 days after lithium administration (600 mg/12 h) orally. Basal plasma lithium values were undetectable and rose to 0.9 /+- 0.2 mmol l-1 in the acute and 1.0 +/- 0.2 mmol l-1 in the chronically treated animals. The dogs did not have any discernible side effects. Basal plasma gastrin was 14 +/- 4 fmol ml -1 and was not significantly altered by either 1 or 14 days Li+( p greater than 0.05). Gastrin release stimulated by either a meal or bombesin was not significantly decreased by acute or chronic Li+ administration . Acute lithium administration produced a slight but significant increase in meal stimulated gastrin (p less than 0.01). Neither acute nor chronic lithium administration altered bombesin stimulated gastric acid secretin (p greater than 0.05). Basal PP levels were 24 +/- 7 fmol ml-1 and not significantly altered by 1 or 14 days Li+ administration. Both acute and chronic Li+ inhibited PP release by bombesin in the first 30-min period of the study (p less than 0.01). 14 days Li+ significantly inhibited both first and second hour PP responses to a meal (p less than 0.01). The mechanism of the cationic modification of the release of pancreatic polypeptide requires further elucidation. PMID- 7308591 TI - Effect of histamine on the gastric smooth muscles of guinea pig. AB - The responses to histamine were studied in circular smooth muscles of three different regions of the guinea pig stomach: the fundus, the antrum and the pylorus. Histamine elicited contractions in all three regions. The contractile responses to histamine were completely abolished by mepyramine (10(-3) g/l). These results showed the presence of H1 receptors, which mediate contractile response, in all regions of the stomach. In the presence of mepyramine, histamine caused marked relaxation in the preparations from the fundus contracted by acetylcholine. This relaxation was noticeably suppressed by cimetidine, indicating the existence of H2 receptors in the fundus. PMID- 7308592 TI - Alcohol inhibition of rectosigmoid motility in humans. AB - The effects of acute intravenous alcohol infusion or sham treatment with normal saline on rectosigmoid motility was determined in healthy adult volunteer subjects. A significant reduction of rectosigmoid wave frequency, amplitude, percent activity and motility index occurred in subjects infused with alcohol when compared to their basal period or corresponding periods in the sham-treated group. Chemical intoxication was achieved in all subjects given alcohol and the percent of the basal motility index varied inversely with the blood alcohol level. PMID- 7308593 TI - The release of pancreatic polypeptide by exogenous CCK in man and dog. AB - 4 healthy volunteers received commercial 20% pure CCK-33 in 4 consecutive doses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 IDU/kg/h. blood samples were assayed for pancreatic polypeptide (PP) by radioimmunoassay. Plasma PP concentrations increased stepwise from a basal level of 67 +/- 15 pmol/l to a maximum of 198 +/- 46 pmol/l (p less than 0.05). In 4 mongrel dogs with Thomas cannulas, the same doses of 99% pure CCK-33 were successively infused. Plasma PP concentrations rose stepwise with each dose from 44 +/- 7 to 259 +/- 43 pmol/l (p less than 0.02). This rise significantly correlated with pancreatic protein secretion (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that intravenous CCK-33 induces the release of PP in man and in dog, in a dose-dependent manner. PMID- 7308594 TI - Different mechanisms of "in vitro' lymphocytotoxicity against isolated rabbit hepatocytes during the course of acute viral hepatitis. AB - In order to characterize the effector mechanism of "in vitro' lymphocytotoxicity against isolated rabbit liver cells in acute viral hepatitis (AVH), the test was performed in 4 patients with type A, in 8 with type, B, and in 2 patients with non-A non-B AVH: (a) using peripheral blood lymphocytes; (b) after enzymatic digestion of the surface membrane immunoglobulins of these lymphocytes, and (c) as in b with addition of patients' sera. 78.5% of the patients had an elevated cytotoxicity which did not change when the lymphocytes were treated as in b and c. Only the 2 patients which progressed to chronicity had an elevated cytotoxicity which disappeared after enzymatic exposure and reappeared with the addition of patients' sera. The results suggest that "in vitro' cytoxicity in recovering AVH is not antibody dependent, but probably of spontaneous type. On the contrary an antibody-dependent cytotoxicity is present in the 2 cases of AVH who progressed to chronicity. PMID- 7308595 TI - Differential timing of maximal postprandial concentrations of plasma chenodeoxycholate and cholate: its variability and implications. AB - The concentrations of conjugated chenodeoxycholate and cholate in serum have been measured in 26 controls and 19 patients with liver disease before and after taking a fat-containing meal. The times at which maximum bile salt concentrations occurred varied considerably between individuals. In the majority of cases maximal concentrations of the two bile salts occurred simultaneously but in 3 subjects maximal concentrations of chenodeoxycholate were found 15-60 min prior to maximal cholate concentrations. The measurement of bile salt concentration in a single sample taken 2 h after the fatty test meal would have produced two false negative results in the patients with liver disease. It is concluded that the jejunal absorption of dihydroxylated bile salts may not be significant in the majority of individuals and that the protocol for assessment of liver function by postprandial bile salt analysis should include at least two blood samples collected at 1.5 and 2 h after ingestion of the test meal. PMID- 7308596 TI - Effect of calcium treatment on urinary stone index after intestinal bypass for obesity. AB - The urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium, magnesium and creatinine was investigated in 21 outpatients who underwent jejunoileal bypass operation 6-9 years previously. Furthermore, a urinary stone index expressed as the quotient (calcium X oxalate)/(magnesium X creatinine) (mmol/mol) was calculated. The oxalate excretion exceeded normal ranges in 20 patients (1.20 +/- 0.55 mmol/24 h), and the stone index was found critically high in all. Daily administration of 1,100 mg ionized calcium in 17 of these patients die not change the urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium and magnesium separately, but the stone index was reduced significantly suggesting some preventive effect of calcium on the tendency of stone formation after jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7308597 TI - Neutrophil function in coeliac disease. AB - Neutrophil function of 23 patients with coeliac disease, consisting of 13 untreated and 10 on treatment with a gluten-free diet, was examined. The results obtained were compared with those from health volunteers. No significant differences were observed between the coeliac subjects and the control group in respect of the bactericidal ability of the polymorphs and the opsonic capacity of the serum. PMID- 7308598 TI - Hearing aid microphone location effects on speech discrimination in noise. AB - The interaction of the head with a sound impinging upon it has a direct effect on the sound as it is seen at the port of the hearing aid microphone. While other investigators have evaluated this effect in terms of changes in the frequency response of the hearing aid, this investigation sought to evaluate the significance of the effect in terms of the intelligibility of speech presented in a noisy background. The three typical locations of a hearing aid microphone were simulated with a high-fidelity probe-tube microphone placed around the right ear of KEMAR. The locations were: over the ear, behind the ear, and in the ear. An earmold was kept in the ear at all times. Speech and noise were presented to the microphone and recorded on tape for presentation to normally hearing subjects. The results indicated that so long as the hearing aid microphone is located on the head, around the ear, no one location is better than any other for speech intelligibility. PMID- 7308599 TI - The negative on/off effect in cochlear and early stapedial otosclerosis. AB - Acoustic reflex patterns were reviewed for 100 patients suspected of having cochlear otosclerosis (group 1) and 73 patients with confirmed stapedial otosclerosis and conductive hearing losses of less than 5 years duration (group 2). Three abnormal reflex patterns were exhibited by these patients--"negative on/off," "no response when the probe was in the affected ear," and "no response when the stimulus was in affected ear." Results showed that the negative on/off pattern was equally as common for the two subject groups. The "no response" patterns were more common for the early stapedial otosclerosis group. The presence of acoustic reflex patterns classically associated with stapedial otosclerosis in patients with cochlear otosclerosis leads us to predict that some degree of stapedial fixation is common in many cases of cochlear otosclerosis. Based upon these findings, the presence of the negative on/off pattern in patients with mild sensorineural hearing loss, excellent speech discrimination, and a family history of hearing loss, is now considered indicative of cochlear otosclerosis. PMID- 7308601 TI - Filtered word testing in the assessment of children's central auditory abilities. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various cut-off frequencies on low-pass filtered speech discrimination test results obtained from children. Two groups of children, one presumed to have normal auditory perception and the other with auditory learning disabilities, were tested. Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten word list words were low-pass filtered at 1000 Hz, 750 Hz, and 500 Hz. The results indicate a clear separation of groups for the 1000 Hz filtered condition only. The implications of these preliminary test findings are discussed. PMID- 7308600 TI - Factors contributing to the changing hearing aid scene. PMID- 7308602 TI - The frequency specificity of tone-pip evoked auditory brain stem responses. AB - Auditory brain stem responses were elicited by unfiltered clicks as well as 500 Hz and 1000-Hz tone-pips with and without high-pass noise masking, from normal hearing subjects and from patients with high-frequency hearing losses. The responses elicited by tone-pips were similar in configuration to the familiar click-evoked responses. When presented in quiet, the latencies of responses elicited by tone-pips (i.e. wave V latency) were identical, or close to those evoked by clicks, suggesting common origins on the basilar membrane. With the addition of high-pass filtered white noise mixed with the tone-pips, wave V latency shifted, suggesting responses originating from apical low-frequency regions. This procedure yielded a good approximation of audiograms obtained from the same subjects. The unfiltered clicks inferred hearing sensitivity in the 2000 to 4000 Hz range, the masked tone-pips closely reproduced thresholds at 500 Hz and 1000 Hz. PMID- 7308603 TI - Simultaneous recording of early and middle components of auditory electric response. AB - The auditory brain stem response (ABR) and the auditory middle response (AMR) were simultaneously recorded in 19 normal adults and 29 patients with hearing loss. The test was performed using tone pips at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz with intensity levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30 dB above the individual's behavioral threshold. A wide pass-band of 0.5 Hz to 3 kHz was used for recording the response. The typical waveform of the response provided six peaks that were successively labeled as P10, N15, P20, N25, P35, and N45. P10 was a large positive deflection in the ABR. N15-P20-N25, P35, and N45 corresponded to the Na peak complex, Pa, and Nb of the AMR, respectively. Of all components recorded, P10 was detected most consistently. However, because N25 and P35 of the AMR also gave important information for the assessment of hearing, simultaneous recording of the ABR and AMR is considered a useful clinical technique for estimating hearing in normal as well as in hearing-impaired subjects. PMID- 7308604 TI - Stimulus artefact reduction systems for the TDH-49 headphone in the recording of auditory evoked potentials. AB - Standard audiometric transducers, such as the TDH-49, produce an electrical artefact which interferes with the recording of the early auditory evoked potentials. The sources of these artefacts have been identified as the capacitive and inductive coupling of the transducer and its leads to the recording electrodes. Artefacts were recorded using an artificial head with an M2-Cz electrode array for 500- and 3-kHz tone pips and positive, negative, and alternating polarity clicks at Peak Equivalent Sound Pressure Levels from 60 dB (positive click and 3-kHz tone pip) to 90 dB (alternating polarity click). The artefacts grew linearly with increases in intensity. Shifts in the Visual Detection Threshold of the artefacts produced by various conditions of shielding the transducer and its leads were explored. Acceptable reductions in artefact magnitude were obtained by enclosing the transducer in either an aluminium or mu metal case connected through a braided-wire shield of the transducer leads to earth ground. Lesser reductions were achieved by the use of antiphase cancellation. The combination of the latter and the aluminum and mu-metal cases did not produce greater shifts in the visual detection threshold than the use of the aluminum and mu-metal cases alone. The fabrication of a pair of shielded enclosures is described and data are presented which show that they do not adversely affect the acoustic output of the headphones. PMID- 7308605 TI - Surgery on the endolymphatic sac. PMID- 7308606 TI - The capacity of ovarian cells of the postnatal rat to reorganize into histiotypic structures. AB - Cell-reorganization experiments in vitro were performed with dissociated rat ovaries at different ages of postnatal development, namely newborn, 8-10, 15-22, and 90-day-old. Ovarian cells consistently aggregated into follicularlike structures. Follicular organization ion vitro is comparable to the ovarian histology of the respective age. The histogenic properties conserved by ovarian cells are considered to be related with the morphogenetic processes steadily occurring in the ovary. PMID- 7308607 TI - Epithelial-directed mesenchyme differentiation in vitro model of murine odontoblast differentiation mediated by quail epithelia. AB - To assess the requirement for specific or possibly non-specific epithelial instructions for mesenchymal cell differentiation, we designed studies to evaluate and compare homotypic with heterotypic tissue recombinations across vertebrate species. These studies further tested the hypothesis that determined dental papilla mesenchyme requires epithelial-derived instructions to differentiate into functional odontoblast cells using a serumless, chemically defined medium. Theiler stage 25 C57BL/6 or Swiss Webster cap stage mandibular first molar tooth organs or trypsin-dissociated, homotypic epithelial-mesenchymal tissue recombinants resulted in the differentiation of odontoblasts within 3 days. Epithelial differentiation into functional ameloblasts was observed within 7 days. Trypsin-dissociated and isolated mesenchyme did not differentiate into odontoblasts under these experimental conditions. Heterotypic recombinants between quail Hamburger-Hamilton stages 22-26 mandibular epithelium and Theiler stage 25 dental papilla mesenchyme routinely resulted in odontoblast differentiation within 3 days in vitro. Odontoblast differentiation and the production of dentine extracellular matrix continued throughout the 10 days in organ culture. Ultrastructural observations of the interface between quail and mouse tissues indicated the reconstitution of the basal lamina as well as the maintenance of an intact basal lamina during 10 days in vitro. Quail epithelial cells did not differentiate into ameloblasts and no enamel extracellular matrix was observed. These results show that quail mandibular epithelium can provide the required developmental instructions for odontoblast differentiation in the absence of serum or other exogenous humoral factors in a chemically-defined medium. They also suggest the importance of reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during epidermal organogenesis. PMID- 7308608 TI - Patterns of transcriptional activity of nucleolar genes during progesterone induced maturation of oocytes of Xenopus laevis. AB - Maturation has been induced in full grown oocytes of Xenopus laevis by incubation in progesterone, and the ultrastructure of their nucleoli has been examined by electron microscopy using the chromatin spreading technique. We show that in this species numerous extrachromosomal nucleoli maintain high levels of transcription of rDNA for up to 200 min after the application of the hormone, i.e., shortly before germinal vesicle breakdown. Transcription has been identified as normal arrays of matrix units containing densely packed transcriptional complexes. In addition to normal-sized arrays of gradients of nascent RNP fibrils, as typical of active pre-rRNA genes, a number of unusual structures are described which include situations of sparse coverage of lateral fibrils in some matrix units, indicative of reduced frequencies of initiation events. The observations are discussed in relation to the time course of nucleolar gene inactivation described in oocytes of other amphibian species, as well as in relation to inactivation of chromosomal genes characteristic of this step of meiotic prophase I. PMID- 7308609 TI - Meiosis of primary spermatocytes and early spermiogenesis in the resultant spermatids in newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster in vitro. AB - Dissociated spermatogenic cells were cultivated within the collagen matrix at low cell density. The largest cell type in the culture was identified as the primary spermatocytes by their size and the morphological characteristics revealed by ultra-thin sections. Chromosome analysis showed that about 90% of the cells examined were either in first or second meiosis. Within the collagen matrix, the fates of 282 single primary spermatocytes at meiotic stage in diakinesis or metaphase were followed. In a few days, most of them gave rise to four spermatids, passing through first and second meiotic divisions. About 80% of the spermatids formed motile flagella. They grew about 20-60 micrometers a day. The final state of the differentiation attained in our culture conditions was the spermatids with localized spherical nuclei and motile flagella, about 500 micrometers in length after 1-month's culture. Ultra-thin sections of the spermatids show that the rings, neck-pieces, and acrosomes developed in the cells. PMID- 7308610 TI - Involvement of glycoproteins in the development of early mouse embryos: effect of tunicamycin and alpha, alpha' dipyridyl in vitro. AB - Early mouse embryos grown in tissue culture were treated with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation or with alpha, alpha' dipyridyl, an inhibitor of collagen secretion. Neither treatment blocked development of cleavage stage embryos nor did either interfere with blastocyst formation, hatching, or adhesion to the substratum at low concentrations. However, both treatments caused marked and specific changes in the morphology of the blastocyst outgrowth. Treatment of embryos with tunicamycin caused severe deterioration of the trophoblast layer and subsequent disintegration of the inner cell mass. Tunicamycin completely inhibited the incorporation of mannose into proteins. Treatment with alpha, alpha' dipyridyl caused dose dependent retardation of the inner cell mass while the trophoblast cells were virtually unaffected. These alterations in morphogenesis occurred only in embryos treated at the blastocyst stage or later in development. Changes caused by alpha, alpha' dipyridyl could be partially reversed by addition of collagen to the culture. These findings might indicate the involvement of extracellular matrix macromolecules in embryonic organization. PMID- 7308611 TI - Differentiation modulates the response of guinea pig epidermal keratinocytes to the stimulation of DNA synthesis by TPA. PMID- 7308612 TI - [Analysis of a sample of the Italian population for HLA-DR antigen. Gene frequencies and gametic associations]. AB - A random sample of 177 individuals from the Italian population was typed for eight HLA-DR antigens. Gene frequencies and linkage disequilibria were calculated. The most different frequencies, when compared with other european populations, are those of DR5 and DRw6. Most of the linkage disequilibria observed are the same found in other european populations, but some disequilibria present only in Italian population were also observed. PMID- 7308613 TI - [Changes induced with laser irradiation in the chemotactic activity of peritoneal macrophages]. PMID- 7308614 TI - [Preliminary results of a new rapid method for determination of bacterial sensitivity to aminoglycosides]. PMID- 7308615 TI - [Sero-epidemiological studies of the anti-rubella immunological status of a sample of the female population]. AB - A retrospective study on the prevalence and distribution of haemoagglutination inhibiting rubella antibodies in a sample of 4493 women (3150 in pregnancy), showed a low percentage of vaccinated women ( 0.6%) and high share of negative sera (12.6%). The Authors carried on the analysis subdividing the data according to age of the women, their pregnancy's condition or quarter, their residence (Rome and out of Rome) and occupation (housewife and not). The Pearsonian chi square showed a significant difference between the lower immunization of housewife group and that of non-housewife group. Moreover the seropositivity decreases according to aging. PMID- 7308616 TI - [Effect of biological activation on the evolution of microflora during composting of urban waste]. AB - In two solid urban wastes piles, one treated with 7.5% of good bovine manure, the other used as a test, the evolution of the microflora has been studied, during the first period of biodegradation and at the end of the maturation process, in order to control if bioactivation can positively affect the biodegradation development. Actinomytcetes and fungi have been examined, and the following functional microbial groups: aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria, ammonia bacteria, proteolytics, nitrosants, nitricants, aerobic cellulolytics, amilolytics, pectinolytics. During the process, no significant quantitative difference between the microflora of the two piles was found, except for aerobic cellulolytic, which were strongly superior in number in the end product from the bioactivated pile. PMID- 7308617 TI - [Capacity of some streptococcal strains to absorb in a specific manner, fractions of human blood]. AB - We valued the capacity to bind immunoglobulins (Ig) G, M and A, albumin, haptoglobin and beta-lipoproteins of human serum by 80 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 30 other Streptococci groups. Specific binding were observed between Streptococci belonging to group A, C and G and some serum proteins. The binding varied remarkably among strains. The elevated capacity demonstrated by some strains to absorb IgG and IgA (and in poor degree (IgM) seems particularly interesting. It seems that this binding does not depend on the growth phase of microorganisms, also if the absorption in some cases can be greater in fixed time. PMID- 7308618 TI - [Evaluation of a new system for simultaneous identification and antibiograms of enterobacteria from urine]. AB - A new rotor for the ABAC system has been investigated that allows the main enterobacteria of urinary source to be identified (this is performed manually) and simultaneously the relative antibiogram (this is automatically carried out). The precision of this identification has been shown using control strains previously identified by three miniaturized kits: API 20 E, MICRO-ID and ENTEROPLATE. The accuracy of the ten identification tests present in the new "Identibiogramma" rotor has also been shown. Finally, the correspondence has been shown between the antibiogram performed with the automatized method and that with the KirbyBauer method. The data obtained evidence the validity of the new rotor and of the ABAC system. PMID- 7308619 TI - [The Kolmer complement fixation test in diagnosis of boutonneuse fever]. PMID- 7308620 TI - [Serological studies of the diffusion of toxoplasmosis in a sample of the population of northern Italy]. AB - The prevalence of toxoplasmosis as results by serologic tests (agglutination test = Fulton test and indirect emoagglutination test) of 904 subjects of North Italy was determined. Serologic signs of toxoplasmosis were present by only one or by both two tests in 66.4% and respectively in 64.1% of these subjects. The prevalence increased highly from the first 5 years of life, reach c.a. 40% at 20th year and 60% in the group of subjects of 20-24 years. The results of Fulton test and indirect hemoagglutination test correlate very well. 96.6% of the levels of Fulton test were from 1:16 to 1:128 and 76.9% of those of passive hemoagglutination test were from 1:64 to 1:512. PMID- 7308621 TI - Lack of effect of exogenous prostaglandins on Fc receptor expression of mouse splenocytes. AB - Previous work has shown that Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and other cyclic AMP elevating agents increase the expression of Fc receptors for IgG (FcR) on the murine pre-B cell lymphoma ABE-8 (Burchiel and Warner, 1980). We have investigated here the effect of Prostaglandins E1, E2, F1alpha, F2alpha on FcR expression of normal mouse lymphocytes. FcR were detected by an indirect fluorescent technique on B lymphocytes. The results show that Prostaglandins in culture did not induced any significant change of FcR + lymphocytes. The results are discussed in terms of the role of FcR in the ontogeny and functions of B lymphocytes. PMID- 7308622 TI - [Blastomycetes isolated from altered protective paints]. PMID- 7308623 TI - [Degradation of 1:2-benzophenanthrene by blastomycetes of the Candida species]. PMID- 7308624 TI - [Development of special research programs in the field of parasitic diseases and tropical diseases]. PMID- 7308626 TI - [Incidence of non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli in infected patients]. PMID- 7308625 TI - [Experience with Limulus endotoxin assay in nephrology. II. Findings in clinical practice]. PMID- 7308628 TI - [Antibacterial activity in vitro of several aminoglycosides and cephalosporins]. AB - The "in vitro" rate of killing on different microorganisms was studied for three cephalosporins (cephazolin, cefuroxime and cefoxitin) and four aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin and amikacin). In all experiments an inoculum effect and a negative influence by adding plasma to the nutrient broth were observed, the latter phenomenon being more pronounced with cephalosporins than with aminoglycosides. While the "in vitro" effects of antibiotic concentrations equal to the MIC or to the MBC were informing on the intrinsic antibacterial activity of single drugs, a more satisfactory approach to therapeutic reality was provided by studying the "in vitro" effects of concentrations equal to peak blood level or to the logarythmic mean of blood level, that is a parameter which contributes to the blood-tissue diffusion gradient. Our data show that antibiotics provided with an higher peak blood level and a more sustained logarythmic mean of blood concentrations, and an higher ratio between these two kinetics parameters and MIC or MBC, are favoured in the experimental system here adopted. PMID- 7308627 TI - [Epidemiology of rubella infection: sero-epidemiological findings in a maternal and neonatal population in an interepidemic period]. PMID- 7308629 TI - [Effects of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D 3 treatment of osteodystrophy in uremic patients treated with periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7308630 TI - [Alcohol and megaloblastic anemia: clinical considerations and morphological and ultrastructural findings]. PMID- 7308631 TI - [Variations of heart rate with respiration as an index of the autonomic nervous system changes in diabetics]. PMID- 7308632 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency and rifampicin: experience in 2 cases with clinical and histological observations]. PMID- 7308633 TI - [Acute uratic nephropathy caused by tienilic acid]. PMID- 7308634 TI - [A case of biliobronchial fistula secondary to pyogenic liver abscess: conservative treatment]. PMID- 7308635 TI - [Cybernetic pathogenesis of shock]. PMID- 7308636 TI - [Relationships between the number of adipocytes and age in the onset of obesity. Can the number of adipocytes increases in adult obesity?]. PMID- 7308637 TI - [Marked hyperprolactinemia without amenorrhea. Case report]. PMID- 7308638 TI - [A case of Wernicke's syndrome: nutritional considerations and diagnostic use of CAT]. PMID- 7308639 TI - [19-norandrostenolone undecylate in the treatment of anemia in patients treated with periodic hemodialysis]. PMID- 7308640 TI - [Urinary tract infections in the involutive age. I]. PMID- 7308641 TI - [Urinary tract infections in the involutive age. 2]. PMID- 7308642 TI - [Anomalous origin of right coronary artery from pulmonary trunk. Report of an atypical case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308643 TI - [Arterial hypertension with excessive mineraloactive hormone activity caused by overuse of a nasal spray containing fluorohydrocortisone]. PMID- 7308646 TI - [Possible correlations between kidney movement and hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the first data relating to their research carried out with the intention of showing the possible correlations between pathological kidney movement and so-called essential hypertension. The study of the kidneys has been carried out with 99mTc-DMSA, using multiple projections both in upright and prone positions. Furthermore, the appropriate renogram has been carried out for each patient. In the light of the obtained data the AA. point that in the majority of hypertensive patients personally examined (80.5%) there was a pathological renal movement, most often bilateral (22%) or affecting the right kidney (17.1%), with which variations were often associated, especially in the second stage of the renograph. The authors underline the importance of this type of investigation, which will be further extended by the associated use of 99mTc-Ca-Glucoheptonate. PMID- 7308644 TI - [Clinical and angiographic study of 51 patients with myocardial infarction aged up to 35 years (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and angiographic data of 51 patients 35 years-old or below with myocardial infarction were studied. The average age of the patients was 30.2 years. Cigarette smoking and familiar history for coronary artery disease (present respectively in 74.5 and 39.1 per cent of the patients) were the most frequent risk factors for coronary disease. The patients were divided into two groups without (group A) and with (group B) post-infarctional complications (angina, dangerous ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular failure, re infarction). The coronary arteries were normal in 46.1 per cent of the patients of group A, and in 11.1 per cent of the patients of group B (p less than 0,05). 33.3 per cent of the patients of group A were affected by 1 vessel disease and so were 40.7 per cent of the patients of group B (p = ns). 48.1 per cent of the patients of group B were affected by 2 or 3 vessels disease and so were 25 per cent of patients group A (p = ns). Left ventricular angiography revealed severe impairment of contractility in 70,3 per cent of the patients of group B and in 45.8 per cent in group A. A history of angina before myocardial infarction was connected with the presence of coronary artery disease in 87 per cent of patients. PMID- 7308645 TI - [Relationships between the initial area of necrosis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarct]. AB - 85 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been studied retrospectively. 25 of them died within the 40th day after admission. Serum CK release during AMI can be described by the logistic equation: (formula: see text). We have evaluated for each patient both the final infarct size (calculated at the time of maximal enzyme activity: Tmax) and the initial one (calculated at the inflection time of the curve: Tflex). The total enzyme release in 1 ml of blood has been considered as an indirect index of infarct size. Our results show a good correlation between the initial and the final infarct size. We have considered as limits between survivors and non-survivors the following values: 2.2 IU/ml and 0.6 IU/ml for total CK release at Tmax and at Tflex respectively. The percentage of mortality in those groups is very similar (69% and 75%). However only 38% of non-survivors shows higher values than both 2.2 IU/ml and 0.6 IU/ml. The calculation of infarct size at Tflex allows an early identification of the high risk patients. PMID- 7308647 TI - [Influence of left ventricular volume changes induced by Valsalva maneuver on R wave amplitude (author's transl)]. AB - Exercise-induced changes of R wave amplitude (delta R) during exercise has been employed to improve the reliability of stress testing in detecting patients with coronary artery disease. Several authors postulated that delta R are related to changes of ventricular volumes. Furthermore Valsalva Maneuver (VM) is able to induce a decrease of left ventricular volumes induced by VM and the variations of R wave. Echocardiographic method was used to determine left ventricular volumes and R wave amplitude changes were evaluated by Frank's lead. Our findings suggest that R wave amplitude changes are not related to variations of cardiac volume. Electrophysiological mechanisms of delta R need further investigation. PMID- 7308648 TI - [Digoxin-quinidine and digoxin-amiodarone interactions. Effects on blood levels of the cardioactive glycoside]. AB - With ever increasing frequency potentially dangerous interactions are reported between Cardiac Glycosides and other drugs, particularly the antiarrhythmic one. The AA, carried out this work with the intent of studying the possible modifications produced by Q and A on the SDL. First of all the AA. retrospectively studied the SDL of patients treated with the associations Q-D and A-D and this SDL was compared with the SDL of patients treated with D alone. Then 10 subjects treated sequentially, at first with D alone and after with the Q-D (5 p.) and A-D (5 p.) association, were studied. The results obtained confirm the data of other AA. regarding the Q-D interaction; in fact, in the presence of this antiarrhythmic drug, the SDL increase significantly following the concomitant pharmacological effects of the Cardiac Glycosides. The SDL on the contrary seem not be influenced by the A-D association. The AA. then reviewed the literature about the mechanism of the Q-D interaction. The majority of the AA. agree outlining a reduction of the Volume of Distribution and of D Clearance, in consequence of the concomitant administration of Q, which would explain the high SDL obtained. In conclusion the AA. suggest, when the Q-D association is mandatory, a 50% reduction of the D maintenance dose and to check periodically the ECG and SDL. PMID- 7308649 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of myocardial infarct patients undergoing rehabilitation]. AB - 29 patients with a recent myocardial infarction underwent a M-mode echocardiographic study before and after an ergometric training in order to study the training effects on the left ventricular function and on the cardiac chambers dimensions. 25 patients in the same clinical conditions and no trained acted as a control group and were evaluated with the same procedure. Our results show, in the trained group, a significant reduction of the diastolic (-5.6%) and systolic (-6.5%) diameters of the left ventricle and of the diameter of the left atrium ( 7.5%). Moreover we observed an improvement of the left ventricular kinesis, as showed by the increased systolic movement of left posterior wall and of the interventricular septum and by the increased ventricular performance, as it results from increased systolic movement of the aortic root. In the control group no significant variation of the examined data was observed. The reduction of the diameters and the improvement of the kinesis and of ventricular performance could be explained by the reduced after-load and it shows the presence of direct beneficial effects of the exercise training on the heart, consisting both of improved cardiac mechanics and of a reduced MVO2. PMID- 7308650 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of left atrial thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - 70 consecutive patients undergoing heart surgery for mitral valve disease were studied: at operation 6 of them exhibited left atrial thrombi (LAT). Dimension of the thrombi varied from a hazel-nut to an orange, 4 of them adhered to the posterior atrial wall, 2 of these obliterated the left atrial appendage, one partially and the other totally, invading also the left atrial cavity as far as mitral orifice. In 5 cases LAT appeared of old onset, possibly with recent apposition; in one case the thrombus was mainly recent. All the cases had been assessed preoperatively using M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography: the diagnosis of LAT was made in 5 pts, the only thrombus missed was the one located in the left atrial appendage. Angiocardiography was performed in 4 pts, showing left atrial thrombi in one case. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2D E) demonstrated a high sensitivity by revealing LAT in 5 cases out of 6, with good definition of shape and location. The LAT appeared as echoproducing masse with well defined borders and "muscle" density in 4 cases; in 3 they were seen protruding into the atrial cavity and in one case they were seen located above the posterior mitral leaflet. M-mode revealed multiple echoes parallel to the posterior atrial wall in the first 3 cases, whereas in the fourth it provided no particular finding for the diagnosis. In the only case of recent onset LAT, 2DE showed a single strong echo, parallel to the posterior atrial wall both in long and short-axis views, separated from the atrial wall by an echo-free space of 1.5 cm. Similar features resulted at the M-mode echocardiography. In conclusion, 2DE with gray-scale has an high sensitivity for detecting LAT, in particular when thrombi are old and located in the left atrial cavity. Recent onset thrombi are more difficult to demonstrate and it is possible that the "fresh" component of an old thrombus is missed. PMID- 7308651 TI - [Instrumentation and methods in policardiography (author's transl)]. AB - Although policardiography has been in use for more than a century, only recently attention has been focused on instrumental and methodological problems of the technique. Among these, frequency response and time constant of the equipment are in first place. Time constant must be long enough to allow an accurate recording of the low and ultra-low frequency vibrations which are generated in the cardio aorto-hemic system, in particular of those constituting the carotid pulse and the apexcardiogram. The authors stress the influence that incidental air leaks in the recording assembly, or type and size of the pickup device, have on the value of the time constant. Kinetocardiography seems preferable to apexcardiography in order to reproduce with higher fidelity absolute movements of the anterior thoracic wall in every single point. PMID- 7308652 TI - [Transoesophageal atrial recording and pacing. Usefulness in the diagnosis and treatment of sinus node dysfunctions and hyperkinetic arrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308653 TI - [Effects of the administration of acebutolol in patients with chronic angina of effort]. AB - 12 patients suffering from chronic coronary insufficiency with signs of ischemia in the ECG, were treated orally with 200 mg of acebutolol t.i.d. for a period of 3 weeks. The following parameters were examined at the beginning of the therapy as well as at the end of every week: number of stenocardiac attacks, characteristics of pain, nitroglycerin consumption, B.P., H.R., respiratory rate, ECG, maximal exercise test, PEP, LVET, PEP/LVET at rest and immediately after effort. The treatment with acebutolol was effective inducing an improvement of subjective symptoms (reduction of stenocardiac crises, intensity and duration of angor, trinitrin pearls consumption) and an increase of effort tolerance. The utility of the therapy was also proved by the reduction of the systolic pressure and by the following decrease of hemodynamic overload and, therefore, of the heart muscle's work. This positive effect is due to the reduction of the myocardial oxygen consumption, modulated among others by the bradycardiac action of the drug. The cardioselectivity of acebutolol avoided to cause peripherical disorders usually observed with other non selective beta blocking drugs. PMID- 7308654 TI - [Cardiac valve replacement in patients over 70 years (author's transl)]. AB - 39 patients aged 70 years and over, 24 males and 15 females underwent valve replacement at Groote Schuur Hospital between 1969 and 1979. 30 patients were affected from aortic valve disease, 6 from mitral valve disease and 3 from mixed mitral and aortic valve disease. The rate of postoperative complications have remained low, and specific complications for this age group have not been observed. 38 patients have been followed up for 1-120 months (mean 30 months). The majority of patients have experienced a remarkable functional improvement. The findings indicate that valve surgery can be performed in the older age group with the same low risk observed in the younger patients. PMID- 7308655 TI - [Intermittent claudication: topical treatment with isosorbide dinitrate ointment. Preliminary results]. AB - Following the casual observation reported by one anginal patient of ours, of improvement of its claudicatio intermittens with application of isosorbide dinitrate ointment directly on the leg suffering pain, we undertook a study to assess the possible use of the drug in peripheral vascular disease in a group of 10 patients suffering of a severe form of claudicatio intermittens. The effect of the drug was tested 1) by the subjective valuation of the patient itself 2) by treadmill stress tests performed at constant rate. In this case were used as reference parameters the distance walked without any symptoms and the maximal distance reached by each patient. The treadmill stress test was performed in basal condition and after longterm administration of isosorbide dinitrate ointment 100 mg three times a day for 30-45 days. In 5 patients the control test was repeated twice in different days to evaluate the reproducibility of the measure that resulted good, while other 5 patients performed the test one hour following the application of the drug in order to assess a possible acute effect of the drug that was not present in any patient. All the patients noted an improvement in their walking capacity but only after 15-20 days of treatment. In basal condition the distance walked without any symptoms by the patients was on the average m. 51 (+/- 52) and the maximal distance reached was m. 143 (+/- 111), while after the treatment were m. 151 (+/- 136) and m. 384 (+/- 203) with a difference highly significative (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively). From our data although preliminary, it is apparent that longterm local application of isosorbide dinitrate is effective in the treatment of patients with peripheral vascular disease and that the action of the drug seems to be related to a local effect. PMID- 7308656 TI - [Cardiac lesions caused by non-penetrating thoracic injuries]. PMID- 7308657 TI - [What's new in psychiatry? I. introduction]. PMID- 7308659 TI - [What's new in psychiatry? Advances in clinical psychiatry]. PMID- 7308658 TI - [What's new in psychiatry? II. Advances in the area of psychophysiology]. PMID- 7308660 TI - [What's new in psychiatry? VI. Commentary and conclusions]. PMID- 7308661 TI - [Commemoration of the discovery of the pathogenic germs of malaria. II. Present state of malaria throughout the world and the campaign for its eradication]. PMID- 7308662 TI - Typing of immunomodulators in terms of their effects on the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins and antitumor combination therapy based on this typing. AB - Changes of serum proteins have recently received much attention in studies of immunomodulators. In this work, changes of serum proteins, especially LB, were studied by gel electrophoresis of sera after administration of 23 immunomodulators or antitumor agents. Fourteen of the 23 compounds increased the concentration of LB in the serum of normal ddY mice when injected once ip. Six compounds caused a very rapid (day 1) increase of LB, and 8 agents caused a slow increase (day 4 approximately day 10). On the basis of the results, these compounds were classified into type I (causing a rapid increase in LB; i.e., lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate and poly (I)-poly(C), type II (causing a slow increase in LB; i.g., lentinan, TAK and PS-K), and type O (causing no increase in LB; e.g., levamisole and bestatin). The antitumor activities of these three types of compounds in combination with lipopolysaccharide (type I) or lentinan (type II) were studied in an Ehrlich carcinoma-ddY mouse system. The results suggested that different types of compounds frequently showed synergistic antitumor activities. Typing of immuno-modulators and the antitumor activities of combinations of these compounds are discussed. PMID- 7308663 TI - Histogenesis of yolk sac carcinoma induced by fetectomy in the rat. AB - Pregnant rats whose fetuses were removed on the 12th day of gestation developed tumors dysontogenetically. Out of 127 operated rats, 103 rats gave rise to tumors, which were histologically yolk sac carcinomas (52 cases), adenocarcinomas (34 cases), choriocarcinomas (8 cases) and teratomas (74 cases). Induction of malignant tumors was dependent on the male rats used for mating and the time of fetectomy. Killing of primordial germ cells by low-dose irradiation before fetectomy decreased the occurrence of tumors. These findings indicate that malignant tumors, including yolk sac carcinoma, might be of germ cell origin. PMID- 7308664 TI - Mutagenicity of N-alkyl-N-(alpha-acetoxyalkyl) nitrosamines in V79 Chinese hamster cells in relation to alkylating activity. AB - Mutation to ouabain resistance and cytotoxicity were tested in V79 Chinese hamster cells after the cells had been treated for 2.5 hr with a series of N,N dialkylnitrosamines (alkyl=methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl or tert-butyl) monosubstituted at the alpha-carbon with an acetoxy group. The effects of the length of alkyl chain and the mode of substitution with the acetoxy group on the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity were examined. In the series of N-alkyl-N-(acetoxy methyl) nitrosamines with an acetoxy group at the primary alpha-carbon, the methylating compound N-methyl-N-(acetoxymethyl) nitrosamine was the most cytotoxic and mutagenic, and the biological activities decreased in the order of ethyl, butyl and propyl homologs. N-tert-Butyl-N-(acetoxymethyl) nitrosamine was not mutagenic at the concentration tested. At equitoxic concentrations, N-ethyl-N (acetoxymethyl) nitrosamine was found to be the most mutagenic. Of the two N alkyl-N-(alpha-acetoxybutyl) nitrosamines having an acetoxy group at the secondary alpha-carbon, N-methyl-N-(alpha-acetoxybutyl) nitrosamine was more cytotoxic and mutagenic than N-butyl-N-(alpha acetoxybutyl) nitrosamine. A comparison of the corresponding N-alkyl-N-(acetoxymethyl) nitrosamines and N alkyl-N-(alpha-acetoxybutyl) nitrosamines showed that the latter had stronger activities. A plot of the mutation frequency versus the ability of the alpha acetoxy compounds to alkylate 4-(p-nitrobenzyl) pyridine was linear. This indicates that the chemical reactivity of the compounds plays an important role in inducing mutation in V79 Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 7308666 TI - Metabolic fate of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine and N, N dibutylnitrosamine in the guinea pig, with reference to their carcinogenic effects on the urinary bladder. AB - The metabolic fate of two urinary bladder carcinogens, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxy butyl) nitrosamine (BBN) and N-N-dibutylnitrosamine (DBN), was studied in the guinea pig, in order to elucidate species differences of response to these N nitrosamines in this animal species and the rat. Based on the urinary metabolites characterized after oral administration of these compounds, the metabolic pathways of BBN and DBN in the guinea pig were shown to be essentially similar to those in the rat. The principal urinary metabolite of BBN and DBN in the guinea pig, however, was not N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl) nitrosamine (BCPN), as was the case in the rat, but the glucuronic acid conjugate of BBN and that of N-butyl-N (3-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine, respectively. The species variation in response to BBN and DBN as bladder carcinogens in these animals is discussed on the basis of the urinary excretion of BCPN. PMID- 7308665 TI - Metabolic fate and carcinogenicity of N-(omega-hydroxyalkyl) N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamines analogs of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxy-butyl) nitrosamine, in the rat. AB - The metabolic fate and carcinogenicity fo three omega-hydroxy derivatives of N alkyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamines, potent bladder carcinogens, were investigated in the rat. They were N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (HEHBN), N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (HPHBN), and N-N-bis(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BHBN). The principal urinary metabolite of HEHBN as well as HPHBN was identified as the corresponding 3-carboxypropyl compound, while the main metabolite of BHBN was N,N-bis (3-carboxypropyl) nitrosamine, indicating the preferential metabolic oxidation of the 4 hydroxybutyl chain to the 3-carboxypropyl group in the N-(omega-hydroxyalkyl)-N (4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamines. All three N-nitrosamines having the 4-hydroxybutyl chain induced neither bladder tumor nor any tumor in other organs under conditions similar to those used for N-alkyl-N-(4-hydroxy-butyl) nitrosamines. The essential structural and metabolic requirements in N-nitrosamines for the induction of bladder cancer in the rat are discussed. PMID- 7308667 TI - Metabolic fate of N, N-dipropylnitrosamine and N, N-diamylnitrosamine in the rat, in relation to their lack of carcinogenic effect on the urinary bladder. AB - The metabolic fate of N, N-dipropylnitrosamine (DPN) and N, N-dipentyl-(=diamyl) nitrosamine (DAN), which induced tumors principally in the liver and esophagus but not in the urinary bladder, was studied in the rat, in order to elucidate the reason for this lack of carcinogenicity to the urinary bladder in contrast with the butyl homolog, N, N-dibutylnitrosamine (DBN), a potent bladder carcinogen. The principal urinary metabolite of DPN was identified as the omega-oxidation product N-propyl-N-(2-carboxyethyl) nitrosamine. The (omega-1)-oxidation product N-propyl-N-(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine and its glucuronic acid conjugate were also characterized as metabolites. The principal urinary metabolite of DAN was N amyl-N-(2-carboxyethyl) nitrosamine, which was formed by metabolic shortening of the amyl chain by omega- and beta-oxidations according to the Knoop mechanism. Besides this, seven compounds oxidized at omega-, (omega-1)-, (omega-2)-, and (omega-3)- positions of one or both amyl chains were isolated and characterized, some of which were shown to be also present as the corresponding glucuronide. The metabolic pattern of DPN and DAN was compared with that of DBN, and the lack of carcinogenicity of the former N-nitrosamines to the urinary bladder of rats is discussed on the basis of their urinary metabolites. PMID- 7308668 TI - Mechanism of natural resistance to vincristine in rat ascites hepatoma AH66. AB - It was found that AH66, a rat ascites hepatoma inherently refractory to vincristine, exhibited definite resistance to a different class of antitumor agents- adriamycin and actinomycin D. In comparative studies with AH13, a sensitive strain of rat hepatoma, significantly lower levels of cellular retention as well as uptake of these drugs were observed with AH66 cells. However, in the presence of 2, 4-dinitrophenol in glucose-free medium, the uptake of vincristine by AH66 cells was remarkably increased, and addition of glucose induced a spontaneous efflux of drug that had been taken up. These results, in good accord with those for a subline of P388 mouse leukemia which acquired resistance to either adriamycin or vincristine, suggest that there exists an active efflux system common to these different kinds of antitumor agents in naturally resistant rat tumor cells. Further studies revealed that Tween 80 also enhanced the uptake of vincristine by AH66 cells by interfering with the efflux of this drug and thus partially restored the sensitivity in vitro of AH66 cells to vincristine. PMID- 7308669 TI - Effect of age at treatment on the incidence and location of neurogenic tumors induced in Wistar rats by a single dose of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - The effect of age at treatment on the incidence and location of neurogenic tumors induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) was investigated in 232 Wistar rats of both sexes. Rats were given 40 ng/kg of ENU on the 16th day of gestation (group I), on the day of birth (group II), and on the 1st week (group III), 2nd week (group IV), 3rd week (group V) and 4th week (group VI) after birth. Up to 6 months of observation, the brain consistently showed the highest susceptibility ranging from group I (93%) to group VI (36%), followed by the spinal cord (group I, 34%; group II, 64%; group III, 43%). However, the trigeminal nerve was only susceptible in group I (27%) and group II (36%) and the spinal root was susceptible exclusively in group II (46%). Most of the tumors obtained were oligodendrogliomas or mixed gliomas. Glioependymomas of the spinal cord were predominant only in group II. The temporal and paraventricular regions and hippocampus were the preferred sites of brain tumors in group I and II, but in groups III and IV frontal tumors were predominant. Mesenchymal tumors of the kidney were also induced, mainly in groups III (16%) and IV (16%). PMID- 7308670 TI - Radiation response of autochthonous mammary tumors in SHN mice. AB - The radiation response of spontaneously induced autochthonous mammary tumors was studies in SHN mice, a strain developed at the National Cancer Center. Tumors were mostly adenocarcinomas and grew with an average volume- doubling time of 3.0 days. When tumors reached a size of 8 approximately 10 mm in diameter, they were given a single, local irradiation with 6 MVp X-rays generated by a medical linear accelerator. With radiation doses lower than 2 krad, the tumours regrew after a temporary interruption. Surviving fractions of tumor cells in situ were estimated from the tumor cells in situ were estimated from the tumor regrowth times, yielding a survival curve with D0=480 rad for n=2. With 6.5 krad, tumor regression was very rapid: the volume-halving time was 1.7 days, and temporary tumor control was achieved. This rapid radiation response was not necessarily correlated with the radiosensitivity of tumor cells and is thought to be related to the structure of the mammary tumor mass. A disadvantage of this mouse strain was its high multiple tumor incidence which interfered with the observation of tumor control for adequate periods after irradiation. PMID- 7308672 TI - Inhibition of the formation of electrical cell coupling of FL cell by tumor promoters. AB - The effect of tumor promoters on the formation of electrical cell coupling between human FL cells was investigated by means of a microelectrode technique. In culture medium containing 100 ng/ml of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), only 6% of the cells were coupled after 24 hr while more than 90% of the cells were coupled in control medium. The formation of cell coupling was also inhibited by other tumor promoters, phorbol-12,13-didecanoate, ingenol-13, 20 dibenzoate and mezerein, whereas non-promoting derivatives, phorbol and 4 alpha phorbol-12, 13 didecanoate did not affect cell coupling formation. 7, 12 Dimethylbenz [a] anthracene, benzo [a] pyrene and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine did not affect the cell coupling. None of the chemicals used changed any electrical properties of the cell membrane, such as membrane potential and membrane resistance, of FL cells. Thus, it appears that TPA and other related tumor promoters inhibit the formation of cell coupling without changing the physiological properties of the membrane significantly. PMID- 7308671 TI - Transplantation of untreated glandular stomach of fetal and newborn rats and their malignant conversion. AB - Untreated fetal and newborn glandular stomachs of Wistar rats were transplanted into the subcutis, testis, peritoneal cavity and subcapsular spaces of the kidney or spleen of syngeneic adult rats. The recipients were sacrificed one year after transplantation. Transplantability was very high and the grafted tissues were recovered from more than 80% of the animals at almost all transplantation sites. The transplanted gastric mucosa was well-differentiated morphologically and biochemically. Malignant conversion occurred in 6 of 118 transplants (5%); the tumors were a fibrosarcoma (1), a ganglioneuroblastoma (1), leiomyosarcomas (2) and squamous cell carcinomas (2). No malignant transformation of glandular stomach epithelium was observed. PMID- 7308673 TI - [Drug consumption and cost due to digestive morbidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308674 TI - [Warren shunt. Clinical and angiographic results in 23 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308675 TI - [Liver injury due to jejunoileal bypass. Pathological and pathogenetic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308676 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Association or succession? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308677 TI - [Drug disposition in cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308678 TI - [Enzymatic dissolution of phytobezoars]. PMID- 7308679 TI - [Anguilluliasis and total villous atrophy]. PMID- 7308680 TI - [Another histological aspect of hepatitis caused by clometacin]. PMID- 7308682 TI - [Hepatitis caused by amineptine : a case with reintroduction of the drug]. PMID- 7308683 TI - [Chronic active hepatitis caused by clometacin ; 2 cases]. PMID- 7308681 TI - [Sinusoidal hepatic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7308684 TI - [Encapsulating peritonitis : complication of a peritoneojugular shunt using the Leveen valve?]. PMID- 7308685 TI - [Hepatitis and amineptin]. PMID- 7308686 TI - [Transplantation of the small intestine in 1981]. PMID- 7308687 TI - [Lymphoid hyperplasia or pseudolymphoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7308688 TI - [Hypothermic conservation and autotransplantation of small intestine in piglets (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308689 TI - [Cellular localization of blood group antigens (A, B, H, Lewis, Pr, P1, Pk) in human adult pancreas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308690 TI - [Small bowel infarction due to mesenteric venous occlusion: the basis of an early diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308691 TI - [Gastric lymphoid hyperplasia: anatomic and immunologic study of a case followed for seven years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308692 TI - Unusual roentgenologic manifestations of Meckel's diverticulum. AB - Five cases illustrating rare roentgenographic manifestations of Meckel's diverticulum are presented. Small bowel studies in 2 patients demonstrated a mucosal pattern identifiable as heterotopic gastric rugae, and in 2 other cases peptic ulcers were seen within the diverticulum. In 1 patient the diverticulum located in the right upper quadrant contained calcified enteroliths, and in another patient the diverticulum had fistulous communication with the appendix. PMID- 7308693 TI - Pathogenesis of giant colonic diverticula. AB - The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings of 3 patients with giant colonic diverticula are presented. Although several theories have been proposed for the formation of these diverticula, they have not been fully documented. One of our cases illustrates the evolution of this disorder following typical colonic diverticulitis. The pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of this unusual entity are discussed. PMID- 7308695 TI - Campylobacter colitis: a common infectious form of acute colitis. AB - A case of acute ulcerating colitis due to Campylobacter fetus is presented. The radiographic and endoscopic findings are indistinguishable from those of idiopathic acute ulcerative colitis. The clinical and bacteriological data relating to Campylobacter are discussed. PMID- 7308694 TI - Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection: sequential changes of gastrointestinal radiology after treatment with thiabendazole. AB - Sequential changes of gastrointestinal radiology are described in a case of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection. Duodenal dilatation, reflux of barium into the biliary and pancreatic duct, and mucosal thickening of the small intestine were the striking features before treatment. Although treatment with thiabendazole led to rapid and complete clearance of rhabditiform larvae, some abnormal radiologic changes in the small intestine persisted for approximately 4 months before the mucosal pattern reverted to normal. PMID- 7308696 TI - Thermal injury of the colon due to colostomy irrigation. AB - A case of thermal burn and stricture of the colon following colostomy irrigation with hot water is described. The initial radiographic features on barium enema simulated nonspecific segmental colitis. Colonic stricture and enterolith formation developed subsequently. This case emphasizes that care should be taken in preparing irrigating and barium enema solutions. PMID- 7308697 TI - Extravasation of contrast medium into the gastrointestinal tract following lymphangiography: report of two cases. AB - Two cases with roentgenologic findings of extravasation of contrast medium into the stomach and colon following lymphangiography are presented. One is clinically diagnosed as primary intestinal lymphangiectasia; the other as retroperitoneal spread from uterine cancer. The significance of lymphangiography in gastrointestinal or retroperitoneal disorders is discussed. PMID- 7308698 TI - Ultrasonography of the cecum. AB - Ultrasound can define masses in the cecum and the cecal bed. In the patient with a prior resection of adenocarcinoma of the cecum, the sonogram fulfills a primary role in the detection of large and ill-defined recurrences not amenable to detection by barium enema because of a right colectomy. Discrete lesions within the cecum whether secondary to inflammatory or neoplastic processes could not be differentiated. PMID- 7308699 TI - Pancreatitis-associated fluid collections involving the spleen: sonographic and computed tomographic appearance. AB - The clinical and radiographic features of 2 patients with dissecting pancreatitis associated fluid collections involving the spleen are described. A typical appearance of left upper quadrant fluid collection lateral to the splenic pulp was observed by ultrasonography (US) or computed body tomography (CBT). Although these findings are nonspecific, a left upper quadrant fluid collection may be characterized definitively by US/CBT-guided needle aspiration. PMID- 7308701 TI - Urgent real-time cholecystosonography in suspected acute cholecystitis. AB - Acute cholecystitis was suspected in 60 patients. Correct diagnoses were achieved by urgent real-time cholecystosonography in all the 38 patients that had acute cholecystitis. In about one-third of the other cases sonography revealed the pathological states responsible for the symptoms simulating those of acute cholecystitis. All of the examinations were technically satisfactory. PMID- 7308702 TI - Floating stones in a nonopacified gallbladder: ultrasonographic sign of gas containing gallstones. AB - Floating stones were noted in the nonopacified gallbladder at ultrasound examination. Gas-containing fissures in these stones could be demonstrated pre- and postoperatively (Mercedes Benz sign). PMID- 7308703 TI - Mirizzi syndrome and biliobiliary fistulas: roentgenologic appearance. AB - Five cases of extrahepatic cholestasis caused by impaction of a voluminous gallstone in the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct are reported. The formation of a biliobiliary fistula is the rule. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography visualizes the fistulas and permits their classification into 2 groups: gallbladder to hepatic duct, and cystic to hepatic duct. Preoperative diagnosis permits the best resolutions of 2 problems encountered during surgery: (1) the tumor-like feature often produced by the cholecystitis can be ascribed to benign lithiasic etiology if the biliobiliary fistula is diagnosed in the preoperative phase; and (b) treatment by biliary plasty, which requires first opening the gallbladder and partial cholecystectomy, has to be achieved. PMID- 7308700 TI - Abdominal ultrasound in patients with acute right upper quadrant pain. AB - Ultrasonography was performed as the first imaging procedure in 100 patients who presented with acute right upper quadrant pain suggestive of cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. In the final analysis 46 patients were found to have gallbladder disease (40 patients with cholelithiasis, 5 with acalculous cholecystitis, and 1 with a cholesterol polyp in the gallbladder). In 22 of 54 patients with a normal gallbladder, other abdominal disease was found. The error rate for ultrasound was 5%, and in 4 patients ultrasound was not the suitable procedure for the diagnosis. In 91 patients the ultrasonographic diagnosis was correct. PMID- 7308704 TI - Oriental cholangiohepatitis: preoperative radiographic and ultrasonographic diagnosis. AB - The recent influx of immigrants from Southeast Asia into the United States has increased the likelihood of encountering unusual diseases heretofore rarely seen in this country. Among these disorders is Oriental cholangiohepatitis, a potentially life-threatening process whose early diagnosis is facilitated by roentgenographic findings. Ultrasonography can also provide useful information, although potential pitfalls in diagnosis should be recognized. PMID- 7308705 TI - Cholangiographic demonstration of postoperative bile leakage from aberrant biliary ducts. AB - Copious persistent postcholecystectomy biliary fistula may result from severing a large unrecognized aberrant duct from the right lobe of the liver that empties into the gallbladder or cystic duct. Recognition of aberrant biliary ducts and identification of the major intrahepatic biliary radicles on cholangiography are emphasized. Two cases are presented. In 1 case percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) made the diagnosis. PTC is a safe, accurate method for evaluating postcholecystectomy biliary fistula. PMID- 7308706 TI - Barium suspensions. PMID- 7308708 TI - Radiographic diagnosis of tonsillar cyst presenting as dysphagia. AB - Tonsillar retention cysts are common and most often asymptomatic. The radiographic demonstration of a retention cyst in a symptomatic patient is reported. Emphasis should be placed on the oropharynx during barium swallow examinations in appropriately symptomatic patients. Tonsillar retention cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions in this area. PMID- 7308707 TI - Gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma--unusual sites: esophagus, colon and porta hepatis. AB - This paper is based on a retrospective analysis of the radiologic findings of 6 newly proven cases of primary gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas located in unusual sites. The radiographic and angiographic features of esophageal, colonic, and porta hepatis leiomyosarcomas are described and illustrated. General background information together with a brief review of the literature regarding these lesions are provided. The difficulties encountered in the preoperative diagnosis are explained by the protean and non-specific clinical and radiographic features of many of these tumors. In addition, although myomatous tumors of the liver and porta hepatis are angiographically hypervascular, similar tumors of the colon are slight to moderately vascular, and tumors of the esophagus are avascular. PMID- 7308709 TI - Localized saccular dilatation of the esophagus: an unusual cause of dysphagia. PMID- 7308710 TI - Idiopathic localized dilatation of the ileum in adults. AB - The clinical and radiological features of idiopathic aneurysmal dilatation of the ileum in 3 adult patients are described. This uncommon lesion presents as an aperistaltic saccular segment in direct continuity with the normal ileal lumen. On barium examination of the small bowel, however, it may closely resemble and be mistaken for a Meckel's diverticulum. Previous reports about this entity manifesting in the pediatric age group are reviewed. PMID- 7308711 TI - The gastrointestinal tract as a vehicle for drug smuggling. AB - Four cases of attempts to smuggle narcotics (marijuana, heroin, and cocaine) by swallowing a large number of drug-filled foreign bodies (condoms and capsules) and hiding them from customs authorities in the gastrointestinal canal during transit are described. This is compared with a psychiatric patient who swallowed 48 Vicks Inhalers. Drug smuggling by swallowing condoms or capsules containing narcotics is now a worldwide ethical-legal problem. It also is of therapeutic and prognostic importance as this may lead to such emergencies as mechanical obstruction, rupture of the drug-containing foreign bodies, and life-threatening intoxication of the carrier. PMID- 7308712 TI - Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine with Burkitt's lymphoma and dysgammaglobulinemia. PMID- 7308713 TI - Spectrum of lymphoid hyperplasia: colonic manifestations of sarcoidosis, infectious mononucleosis, and Crohn's disease. AB - The radiographic pattern of nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, perhaps better called the lymphoid follicular pattern, has variously been described as an indication of disease and as a normal variant in the adult, with current opinion favoring the latter. We report 3 cases wherein this pattern resulted from definite pathologic processes: sarcoidosis, infectious mononucleosis, and Crohn's disease. Although usually of no pathological significance, the benign follicular pattern may reflect a variety of diseases. PMID- 7308714 TI - Multiple metaplastic (hyperplastic) polyposis of the colon. PMID- 7308715 TI - Diagnosis of colonic varices by air-contrast barium enema examination: report of a case. PMID- 7308716 TI - Direct metastatic spread of right colonic adenocarcinoma to duodenum--barium and computed tomographic findings. AB - Contiguous involvement of the duodenum from primary right-sided colonic neoplasms is relatively uncommon. More rarely, metastatic involvement of the duodenum occurs after resection of a primary carcinoma of the right colon. Until recently, the radiological assessment of this pathologic process has been limited to barium gastrointestinal imaging techniques. Three cases of primary right colonic tumors metastasizing to the duodenum are presented, and barium studies are correlated with CT findings in 2 of these cases. PMID- 7308717 TI - Computed tomography of carcinoma in the pancreatic head. PMID- 7308718 TI - Concentration and excretion of contrast agents during oral cholecystography as measured by computed tomography in dogs. AB - Nine healthy mongrel dogs were given 2 consecutive doses of 1 of 3 cholecystographic contrast agents (iopanoic acid, sodium ipodate, and sodium tyropanoate), followed by daily computed tomograms (CT) and abdominal radiographs in a randomized crossover study in order to determine: (a) the maximum time for excretion of the contrast material from the gallbladder, (b) the maximum time for elimination of contrast material from the blood, and (c) the correlation between the density of the gallbladder on CT and the actual concentration of iodine in the gallbladder bile. In all 9 animals gallbladder opacification disappeared on CT within 4 days after administration of the contrast material. Plain abdominal radiographs did not show gallbladder opacification after 2 1/2 days. Daily blood iodine measurements showed that all of the contrast material was cleared from the blood within 7 days after administration. In 7 dogs CT imaging of the gallbladder was followed by percutaneous aspiration of bile from the gallbladder using CT guidance. There was a direct linear correlation between the actual concentration of iodine in the bile and the density of the gallbladder on CT (r = 0.925). This suggests that CT measurements can be used to determine the concentration of contrast agents in the gallbladder during oral cholecystography. PMID- 7308720 TI - Treatment of a common duct stone via transhepatic approach. PMID- 7308721 TI - Transcystic duct treatment of common bile duct stones. PMID- 7308719 TI - Transcatheter embolization of hepatic arteriovenous fistulas for control of hemobilia. AB - Two cases of traumatic hemobilia are presented in which hemorrhage was controlled by transcatheter vascular occlusion with stainless steel coils. Embolic therapy was safely performed without liver necrosis, despite the presence of portal hypertension in 1 patient. The technique is a useful alternative to surgery, which did not control hemorrhage in 1 case. PMID- 7308722 TI - Case: cavernous hemangioma of the rectum. PMID- 7308723 TI - Case: splenic vein obstruction due to metastatic hypernephroma. PMID- 7308725 TI - Presidential address 1981: the A/S/G/E and its environment. PMID- 7308724 TI - Case: syphilitic gastritis. PMID- 7308726 TI - Role of colonoscopy in patients with unexplained melena: analysis of 53 patients. PMID- 7308727 TI - Ablation of atypical gastric mucosa and recurrent polyps by endoscopic application of laser. PMID- 7308728 TI - Foreign body endoscopy. PMID- 7308729 TI - Endoscopically related infections and their prevention. PMID- 7308730 TI - Endoscopic management of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7308731 TI - The evolution of hormonal systems--a report on the Leopoldina Symposium 1981. PMID- 7308732 TI - Oxidation of human oxyhemoglobin by thioridazine and related drugs in the presence of ceruloplasmin. PMID- 7308733 TI - The effect of nutritional copper deprivation on the catecholamine content and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity of rat and cattle adrenal glands. PMID- 7308735 TI - A comparison of the responses to histamine of left and right atria and papillary muscles of guinea-pig hearts. PMID- 7308734 TI - Carotid chemoreceptor reflexes in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7308736 TI - MAO-A and MAO-B in the superior cervical ganglion and in the nictitating membrane of the cat. PMID- 7308738 TI - Effects of chronic treatment of rats with diazepam on GABAergic system. PMID- 7308737 TI - Effects of monoamines on release of thyroid stimulating hormone by pituitary hypothalamus co-incubations. PMID- 7308739 TI - Renal effects of potassium dichromate in the rat: comparison of urinary enzyme excretion with corresponding tissue patterns. PMID- 7308740 TI - Concurrent tracking of infant motor and speech development. AB - Several developing behaviors of a single infant are tracked via direct and continuous measurement through the period of acquisition and decay of these behaviors. Changes in frequency and duration are reported for four motor behaviors, and frequency changes for speech and nonspeech sounds. The relationship of changes in vocal behavior as motor skills are emerging is also explored. PMID- 7308741 TI - Development of logical search and visual scanning in children. AB - Children at 5, 6, 7, and 8 years of age were told a story in which a doll traveled through a physical model of a house. The doll had a toy in one room and, then, three rooms after, discovered it to be missing. Tests were made of logical search (i.e., the tendency, when asked to find the toy, to restrict search to the critical area between the rooms). The presence of visual cues that marked the critical area was manipulated, and the visual scanning of these cues was monitored. Children in the two younger groups exhibited virtually no logical search either when cues were absent or present, 7-year-old children showed logical search only when cues were present, and 8-year-old children showed logical search both when cues were absent and present. In the cues-present conditions logical search was related to visual scanning of the cues. PMID- 7308742 TI - Stroke and the eye: diagnostic clues and treatment approaches. PMID- 7308743 TI - Common pain syndromes: upper extremities. PMID- 7308744 TI - Diabetes: diagnostic and therapeutic significance of taste impairment. PMID- 7308745 TI - Confronting the three most common medical problems of long-term illness. PMID- 7308746 TI - Altered DNA repair in fibroblasts from aged rats. AB - The role of DNA repair in the aging process was studied using fibroblast cultures derived from rats at the beginning (3 weeks) and at the end (2 years) of their potential lifespan. The effect of treatment of the cultures with the DNA-damaging agent, ethylnitrosourea, on the integrity of the pre-existing parental DNA and on de novo DNA synthesis was determined using the alkaline elution method. It was found that drug treatment resulted in lower levels of fragmentation of parental DNA and in decreased fractions of short daughter strands in cells derived from old relative to young animals. These results indicate an alteration of the processing of DNA damage in cells derived from aged rats. PMID- 7308747 TI - The effects of psychosocial stress on urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in 51- to 55- and 71- to 74-year-old men. AB - The experiments were done to investigate modifications with aging in reactivity and speed of recovery of the sympathetic adrenomedullary system during psychosocial stress. Normal male volunteers were studied. Urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline, diuresis, pH and specific gravity were measured. Adrenaline and noradrenaline baseline levels were lower in the older age group. Adrenaline levels increased by the same percent during stress in the two age groups, but came back to pre-stress values more slowly in older subjects, as did blood pressure. PMID- 7308748 TI - Serum chromium and ageing. AB - Serum chromium levels were measured in 81 subjects (56 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 54 years (range 22-91 years). The mean serum chromium level in those under the age of 60 years was 1.6 +/- (SE) 0.125 ppb (30.7 +/- 2.4 nmol/l) whereas in those over the age 60 years it was 1.9 +/- 0.195 ppb (36.5 +/- 3.7 nmol/l). There was no evidence of any change in serum chromium levels with increasing age (r = 0.0096; p greater than 0.1) when all the subjects were considered. However, amongst the males a small but definite increase in serum chromium from 1.5 +/- 0.135 ppb (28.8 +/- 2.6 nmol/l to 2.1 +/- 0.25 ppb (40.6 +/ 4.8 nmol/l) was demonstrated. PMID- 7308749 TI - Transient global amnesia. AB - 3 cases of transient global amnesia (TGA) are reported. Transient ischaemia is probably the cause of the condition in the majority of cases although other mechanisms, particularly epilepsy, may be responsible in some. TGA may not be reported by the patient and may be misdiagnosed as a psychiatric disturbance. An acute confusional or delirious state can also produce an episode of amnesia with inability to remember events which occurred during the period of cerebral dysfunction. In TGA, however, there is an acute and temporary failure to record events without the evidence of more generalised dysfunction which occurs in delirium. During the 3 episodes reported here the patients were able to carry on with their everyday activities and to complete structured tasks, such as the preparation of a meal. TGA appears, at least in some individuals, to carry the prognosis of transient cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 7308750 TI - Potassium changes with age. AB - Measurements of total exchangeable potassium and total exchangeable sodium, total body water and extracellular fluid volumes were made in 69 patients aged 30-90+ years, using multiple isotope techniques. The patients were not suffering from any chronic disorder or having potassium or diuretic therapy and were considered to be having a normal hospital diet. The study showed a direct correlation between potassium and age, in that total exchangeable potassium decreased as age increased. The same relation was obtained when total exchangeable potassium was related to dry body weight and fat-free body water to age. Although total exchangeable sodium diminished with increasing age, the ratio of total exchangeable potassium was approximately 1 at 30 years of age rising to approximately 2 at 90+ years of age. PMID- 7308751 TI - [Hygienic analysis of different routine situations in connection with the new manner of telling time in the territorial Soviet Union]. PMID- 7308752 TI - [Standards for cadmium oxide in the atmosphere of populated places]. PMID- 7308753 TI - [Effect of water of varying hardness on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 7308754 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the polyamide membranes, phenilon-2c and the phenolformaldehyde resin VIAM-B, used in reverse-osmosis water desalinization]. PMID- 7308755 TI - [Hygienic evaluation data on new brands of polypropylene intended for use in the food industry]. PMID- 7308756 TI - [Psychophysiological body functions in students of vocational and technical schools and of adult Linotype operators with varying degrees of job mastery]. PMID- 7308757 TI - [Evaluation of the state of the hemato-encephalic barrier in studying the neurotoxic action of carbon monoxide]. PMID- 7308758 TI - [Effect of a superhigh-frequency electromagnetic field on animals of different ages]. PMID- 7308763 TI - [Use of morphological research in hygiene]. PMID- 7308759 TI - [Percutaneous resorption of 137Cs and 89Sr in acid solutions and deactivation of the burn surface]. PMID- 7308761 TI - [Problems in integrating the teaching of specialty disciplines in a health and hygiene department]. PMID- 7308762 TI - [Experience in using tests via written exams on hygiene in medical departments]. PMID- 7308760 TI - [Results of a 25-year study of noise and vibration as an environmental factors]. PMID- 7308764 TI - [Assessment of the changes in the functional state of the schoolchild by using a written test]. PMID- 7308765 TI - [Establishing methods for assessing the degree of difficulty of exercises in mathematics for younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 7308766 TI - [Use of hard-film sorbents in determining sulfur dioxide in the air]. PMID- 7308768 TI - [Differential standards for air exchange in hospital wards depending on the climatic zones]. PMID- 7308767 TI - [Use of autonomic nervous system indices for evaluating the processes of schoolchildren's adaptation to academic vocational instruction]. PMID- 7308769 TI - [New approach to evaluating the physical development of children and adolescents]. PMID- 7308770 TI - [Training of the hygienist]. PMID- 7308771 TI - [Bacterial contamination of the water supply on sea-going ships and its decontamination in thermal desalinization]. PMID- 7308772 TI - [Hygienic rehabilitation principles for convalescent schoolchildren following acute respiratory infections]. PMID- 7308773 TI - [Experience with using a spectrophotometric method for NR-1 oil solvent in water]. PMID- 7308774 TI - [Experimental data on establishing the maximum permissible level of skin pollution by the benzine solvent Galosha]. PMID- 7308775 TI - [State of the generative function in animals under round-the-clock inhalatory exposure to a mixture of mercury-containing salts]. PMID- 7308776 TI - [Cytogenetic and gonadotoxic action of a static electrical field]. PMID- 7308777 TI - [Amino compound stability and transformation in an aqueous environment]. PMID- 7308778 TI - [Industrial hygiene problems in modern pipe rolling production]. PMID- 7308779 TI - [Decisions of the Communist Party in the field of industrial hygiene for women and the participation of hygienists in their realization]. PMID- 7308780 TI - [Industrial hygiene problems in the pulp and paper industry]. PMID- 7308781 TI - [Reasons for and means to curtail workforce turnover (the example of steel smelting production in a metallurgical plant)]. PMID- 7308782 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of special summer clothing for female workers in the mining industry]. PMID- 7308783 TI - [Hygienic significance of skin contamination with acetone and the problems of its penetration through the skin]. PMID- 7308784 TI - [Sensitization state in combined exposure to chromium and polymeric materials]. PMID- 7308785 TI - [Evaluation of the indices used under experimental and industrial conditions for establishing noise exposure]. PMID- 7308786 TI - [Chronic exposure to chemical substances problem]. PMID- 7308787 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the working conditions with the use of pirimora in hothouses]. PMID- 7308788 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of ventilation plans for placer mines in the northeastern USSR]. PMID- 7308789 TI - [Plotting of a representative model of the activities of the industrial hygiene officer]. PMID- 7308790 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of diethyltelluride]. PMID- 7308792 TI - [Atomic absorption determination of cadmium in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7308791 TI - [Sensitization and hyposensitization to Bac. thuringiensis]. PMID- 7308793 TI - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center]. PMID- 7308794 TI - [Tasks of industrial hygiene and environmental protection in ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy in relation to scientific and technical progress]. PMID- 7308796 TI - [Occupational diseases of the hands from functional overstrain and the problems of social, occupational and medical patient rehabilitation]. PMID- 7308795 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the working conditions in the use of solvents according to the single-sample and shift-average concentrations]. PMID- 7308797 TI - [Characteristics of the physiological functional changes in horizontal drift miners depending on the equipment employed]. PMID- 7308798 TI - [Nature of cumulative fatigue in the dynamics of long periods of local muscle work]. PMID- 7308799 TI - [Characteristics of the functional activity of the cardiovascular system and of the adaptive antihypoxic mechanisms in electronic computer keyboard operators in work shift dynamics]. PMID- 7308800 TI - [Effect of local vibration on the diver during underwater work]. PMID- 7308801 TI - [Effect on the body of "low" vibration levels in combination with local muscle loading during the cutting of semiprecious stones]. PMID- 7308802 TI - [Research prospects into the problem of improving periodic medical examinations for workers in hazardous jobs]. PMID- 7308803 TI - [Means to improve the effectiveness of periodic medical examinations for industrial enterprise workers]. PMID- 7308804 TI - [Coagulopathy in miners with vibration disease]. PMID- 7308805 TI - [Research results and the tasks of industrial hygiene for mechanical engineers in the 11th 5-Year Plan]. PMID- 7308806 TI - [Toxicity and the hygienic standard for 2-methylpentene-2 oxide]. PMID- 7308807 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the toxicity of BR-1 and BR-2 benzines]. PMID- 7308808 TI - [Establishment of a health standard for the rifampicin content in the air of manufacturing premises]. PMID- 7308809 TI - [Characteristics of the immunoglobulin system of persons subjected to occupational exposure to biological allergens]. PMID- 7308810 TI - [Metabolic studies of cyanide compounds in workers of the electroplating department at the Diora Radio Receiver Plant]. PMID- 7308811 TI - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center]. PMID- 7308813 TI - [2,3-diphosphoglycerate level in the red blood cells, inorganic phosphorus in the blood serum and the acid-base equilibrium indicators in different periods of normal pregnancy]. PMID- 7308812 TI - [Concentration of the adrenergic system mediators in the placental blood vessels]. PMID- 7308814 TI - [Development of uterine contractility and fetal heart activity during ketamine anesthesia in parturients]. PMID- 7308815 TI - [Incidence of cervix dysplasia and cervical cancer among pregnant women]. PMID- 7308816 TI - [Precocious puberty and thelarche]. PMID- 7308817 TI - [Various aspects of estrogenic activity in menopause. IV. Correlation between the number of years after onset of menopause and the types of cells in vaginal smears and the cytohormonal estrogenic effects according to the Meisels technic]. PMID- 7308818 TI - [Comparison of the results of 2-year follow-up of treatment (complex and exclusively radiotherapy) of stage I cervical cancer]. PMID- 7308819 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of vesicovaginal fistula by the intraperitoneal transvesical approach]. PMID- 7308820 TI - [Blood serum iron concentration in women using contraceptive agent Angravid Polfa]. PMID- 7308821 TI - [Role of copper ions in contraception]. PMID- 7308823 TI - Determination of human fetal age from the length of femur, mandible, and maxillary incisor. AB - The correlation between age and length of femur, mandible and maxillary first incisor was investigated in human fetuses aged 5-10 months. A good correlation was found. These measurements could therefore assist in determining the progress of development of the human fetus and human fetal age, both in vivo and in vitro, when this is uncertain. PMID- 7308822 TI - Changes in blood components and organ weights in growing White Leghorn chicks. AB - The changes in the body weight and organ weight of growing White Leghorn chicks were studied during the first 20 weeks of life. Changes in plasma components were simultaneously examined. The body weight and the weight of the liver, brain, heart, pancreas, kidneys, adrenals, thyroid glands, the intestinal weight and length, the length of the femur and tibia and the GOT levels increased with age. ALP levels decreased with age. There were no age-related changes in total cholesterol, uric acid, ACP, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. PMID- 7308824 TI - Age and body type comparisons of the mass distributions of children. AB - Mass distribution profiles for children were constructed using a mathematical model of the body. The model was based on the assumption that the body is composed of 2 cm wide elliptical zones of known density. The method was judged to be accurate in terms of body mass estimations with a mean error of 0.61% (N = 12). Profiles were compared across somatotypes (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph) for four age levels (nominally, 12-, 9-, 6- and 4 years). The profiles showed differences in mass distribution with endomorph profiles tending to peak at the mid-trunk level, mesomorphs tending to have a lower profile and peaking at the shoulder or lower chest levels and ectomorphs having an even lower profile which was relatively constant through the trunk/upper extremity region. Profiles were also compared across ages for each somatotype and were found to become more angular as the child became older due to the regional growth of structural features such as the shoulders, chest, waist, pelvis and knees. These differences and the relatively small differences for the head were accentuated by creating a hypothetical scaled curve for a 4 year old compared with a 12 year old. PMID- 7308825 TI - [Atresia of the pulmonary artery with intact interventricular septum]. PMID- 7308826 TI - [Plastic surgery of tricuspid valve in combined rheumatic heart diseases]. PMID- 7308827 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation for prophylaxis of surgical wound infections in patients with acquired heart diseases]. PMID- 7308828 TI - [Treatment of peace-time heart wounds]. PMID- 7308829 TI - [Wrapping of the aneurysms of ascending aorta during aortal valve prosthesis]. PMID- 7308830 TI - [Mediastinoscopic verification of the stage of lung cancer and its effect on the survival]. PMID- 7308831 TI - [Neurogenic lung neoplasms]. PMID- 7308832 TI - [Treatment of acute and chronic pleural empyema]. PMID- 7308834 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of severe variants of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7308833 TI - [Outcomes of intrathoracic surgery in obese patients]. PMID- 7308836 TI - [Diagnosis and possibilities of radical surgical correction of isolated abnormal entry of right pulmonary veins under mild (28-30 degrees C) hypothermia]. PMID- 7308835 TI - [Long-term results of surgery in 1,000 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7308837 TI - [Prophylaxis of hemothorax coagulation after surgery on lungs and pleura]. PMID- 7308838 TI - [Use of blood reinfusions in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 7308839 TI - [Morphological changes in the lungs within different time periods after occlusion or resection of the lobar bronchus (experimental study)]. PMID- 7308840 TI - [Closed ruptures of the diaphragm and their sequelae]. PMID- 7308841 TI - [Prolonged mechanical support of the left ventricle after surgery with the use of the artificial circulation]. PMID- 7308842 TI - [Congenital complete transverse heart block in a 2-year-and-7-month-old child]. PMID- 7308843 TI - [A case of post-tuberculosis lymphoglandular pneumosclerosis with concomitant rare lung abnormality]. PMID- 7308844 TI - [Surgical treatment of acquired concomitant tricuspid valve diseases during insertion of prosthesis of the mitral valve]. PMID- 7308845 TI - Hepatic copper in primary biliary cirrhosis: biliary excretion and response to penicillamine treatment. AB - Excessive hepatic copper accumulation occurs in long-lasting cholestatic liver disorders especially in primary biliary cirrhosis. As in Wilson's disease, penicillamine has recently been introduced for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis. In Wilson's disease there is decreased biliary excretion of copper. The present study shows that as compared with controls the biliary excretion of copper is not decreased in primary biliary cirrhosis; instead it may be increased in some patients. However, when compared with high hepatic copper concentration biliary copper excretion was low. In contrast with copper, biliary secretion of bile acids was decreased in eight of the 17 patients. Treatment with oral penicillamine (600 mg/day) for one year resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic copper concentration, but had no consistent effect on the biliary excretion of copper or on the amount of histologically stainable orcein-positive copper-binding protein. The results suggest that excessive hepatic copper accumulation in primary biliary cirrhosis may not be primarily caused by a decreased biliary excretion, or that a new equilibrium is achieved in advanced primary biliary cirrhosis. D-penicillamine appears to improve significantly the biliary excretion of bile acids. PMID- 7308846 TI - Effect of cimetidine on the amounts of histamine in the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers. AB - Measurements were made of the amounts of histamine extracted from patients with peptic ulcer disease and control subjects suffering from various gastrointestinal diseases. Patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, or recurrent duodenal ulcer after proximal gastric vagotomy often had less gastric mucosal histamine than did normal controls. Cimetidine therapy increased the amounts of the histamine to above control levels, presumably by suppression of output. It is concluded that endogenous amounts of histamine reflect the pathogenic states in the gastric mucosa of patients with peptic ulcer diseases. Cimetidine, as does vagotomy, increases the amount of gastric mucosal histamine. These findings suggest that the increase in mucosal histamine with cimetidine is not due to activation of histamine methyl transferase, but rather to suppression of histamine output into the gastric juice. PMID- 7308847 TI - Nocturnal growth hormone and gonadotrophin secretion in growth retarded children with Crohn's disease. AB - Although impaired growth hormone secretion in response to pharmacological stimuli occurs in some growth retarded children with Crohn's disease, its relationship to past and future th is uncertain. We have therefore determined the growth hormone and gonadotrophin response to the physiological stimulus of sleep by continuous venous sampling in five severely gonadotrophin profiles, the mean plasma hormone concentrations during the first five hours of sleep were determined. In three of the five patients, five hour mean growth hormone levels were reduced (3.8, 5.0, and 8.5 mU/l) compared with levels reported previously in normal short children (10-43 mU/l), although the pulsatile pattern of growth hormone secretion was preserved in all. Nocturnal growth hormone secretion was unrelated to the growth velocities of these children during both pre- and post-treatment assessment periods but a significant correlation was found between growth hormone concentration and a disease activity score (r = 0.79, P less than 0.05), suggesting that growth hormone release by the pituitary was influenced by the severity of the disease. Nocturnal growth hormone secretion was also correlated with gonadotrophin secretion (luteinising hormones, r = 0.99, and follicle stimulating hormone, r = 0.96; p less than 0.01) indicating more extensive hypothalamic-pituitary disturbance. These findings suggest that hypothalamic pituitary function is depressed in growth retarded children with Crohn's disease, but that abnormalities of growth hormone secretion are unlikely to be directly involved in the growth retardation seen in this condition. PMID- 7308848 TI - Ileal dysfunction in Crohn's disease assessed by the postprandial serum bile acid response. AB - We assessed ileal functional integrity in 20 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease by sequential measurement of the postprandial serum bile acid concentration. In all 14 patients with active Crohn's disease involving the terminal ileum, the mean (+/- SEM) peak response in the cholylglycine (0.4 +/- 0.04 mumol/l, n = 14) as well as in the total serum bile acid concentration (2.0 +/- 0.4 mumol/l, n = 10) was similar to that seen in a group of children who had undergone ileal resection. A significantly greater increase in the cholylglycine (1.8 +/- 0.18 mumol/l, n = 16, P less than 0.01) and in the total serum bile acid concentration (9.8 +/- 2.4 mumol/l, n = 11, P less than 0.025) was noted in normal children. In five of the six remaining patients (three with Crohn's disease shown not to involve the ileum and two of three with asymptomatic, treated Crohn's ileitis) and in seven patients with ulcerative colitis, the meal stimulated responses were normal. These preliminary results suggest that measurement of the serum bile concentration after a meal stimulus may provide a valuable index of ileal inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. PMID- 7308849 TI - Effect of cholera toxin on ileal water and solute transport after resection of the proximal small intestine in the rat. AB - Intestinal adaptation after extensive small bowel resection results in mucosal hypertrophy and an increased capacity of the remaining small intestine to absorb solutes and water. We tested the ability of the adapted rat ileum to respond to a secretory stimulus, cholera toxin. Six weeks after 50% jejunal resection (short gut) or sham operation water and solute transport were measured in a 16 cm segment of ileum before and after exposure to cholera toxin in a single pass in vivo perfusion system. During the control periods absorption of glucose, acetate and water per unit length of intestine was significantly greater in short gut animals (P less than 0.05 to 0.001). After exposure to cholera toxin absorption of glucose and acetate was significantly reduced in both groups (P less than 0.05 to 0.01). Sodium and chloride secretion and net change in water movement in response to cholera toxin were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 to 0.01) in short gut animals. Generally the differences between short gut and sham operation animals disappeared when the data were normalised for mucosal weight. Chloride secretion per gram mucosa was less in short gut animals (P less than 0.001). The data indicate that the adapted small bowel is not only capable of enhanced absorption but also of enhanced net secretion in response to cholera toxin. The changes reflect the increased number of enterocytes per unit length of intestine after intestinal adaptation. PMID- 7308850 TI - Release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from the cat small intestine exposed to cholera toxin. AB - During a four hour observation period vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is released in increasing amounts from the feline small intestine exposed to cholera toxin. As VIP is known to be located almost exclusively in the intestinal nerves, the present findings strongly suggest that cholera toxin activates the enteric nervous system. The findings of this and other studies performed in this laboratory lead to the proposal that the choleraic secretion is, at least in part, secondary to the activation of intramural nervous reflexes in the gut. PMID- 7308851 TI - Mechanisms of histamine stimulated secretion in rabbit ileal mucosa. AB - Histamine is present in high concentrations in the intestine and we investigated the possibility that it might have a role here in intestinal transport. When added to the basal side of rabbit ileal mucosa in vitro histamine (10(-4)M) induced a short-lived increase in electrical potential difference and short circuit current. It inhibited net chloride absorption but did not influence sodium transport. Alkali secretion, measured by a pH stat technique, was inhibited, suggesting that bicarbonate secretion was reduced. Both the electrical and ion flux responses to histamine were blocked by the H1 receptor blocker diphenhydramine, but not by the H2 receptor blocker cimetidine. The presence of specific H1 histamine receptors was further supported by shifts in the dose response curve to histamine by four different concentrations of diphenhydramine. Calculation of a pA2 value from these "Schild' plots provided a figure of 7.85, which is similar to that for H1 receptors in other tissues. Aminoguanidine, a histaminase blocker, had no electrical effects alone but shifted the histamine dose response curve to the left. These studies indicate that histamine inhibits chloride absorption and alkali secretion, possibly by influencing a chloride/bicarbonate exchange process, through specific mucosal H1 receptors. Enhancement of histamine effects by a histaminase inhibitor suggests that histaminases are present in the intestinal mucosa and supports the possibility of a role for endogenous histamine in influencing ion transport. The observations indicate a mechanism by which absorption might be impaired in diseases in which histamine is liberated locally in the intestine. PMID- 7308852 TI - Double contrast enema and colonoscopy in polyp detection. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of double contrast enema was assessed by colonoscopy of 250 consecutive patients with polypoid lesions that were observed at double contrast enema. The enema method detected 90% of all existing polypoid lesions, and gave false positive results in less than 3.5% Colonoscopy revealed 91% of the lesions. Double contrast enema is suitable as a screening procedure and, when used in combination with colonoscopy, only very few polyps will escape detection. The large number of neoplastic polyps detected in this retrospective series emphasises the necessity for a careful radiographic technique combined with colonoscopy to disclose and treat these potentially malignant lesions of the colon. PMID- 7308854 TI - Experience with cervical screening in British Columbia. PMID- 7308853 TI - Acute gastric dilatation with infarction and perforation. Report of fatal outcome in patient with anorexia nervosa. AB - This is a report of a 22-year-old woman with treated anorexia nervosa who died of complications of acute gastric dilatation-that is, infarction and perforation with severe and irreversible shock. Binge eating and drinking, precipitated by emotional crises, contributed to her acute gastric dilatation. This complication of anorexia nervosa has been previously reported, but, unlike the others, this case ended fatally. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 7308855 TI - Screening protocols for cervical neoplastic disease. PMID- 7308856 TI - Quality control in cytology laboratories. PMID- 7308857 TI - Definition of precursors. PMID- 7308858 TI - Diagnostic errors in colposcopy. PMID- 7308859 TI - Workup of the patient with an abnormal Papanicolaou smear. PMID- 7308860 TI - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in British Columbia: a comprehensive program for detection, diagnosis, and treatment. PMID- 7308861 TI - Cervicography--a new approach to cervical cancer detection. PMID- 7308862 TI - Results of outpatient therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 7308863 TI - Treatment of early cervical neoplasia: definition and management of preclinical invasive carcinoma. PMID- 7308864 TI - Lethal thromboembolism and its prevention in pelvic surgery: a review. PMID- 7308865 TI - Ovarian epithelial cancer and chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 7308866 TI - Abdominopelvic computed tomography in the preoperative evaluation of early cervical cancer. PMID- 7308867 TI - The value of groin palpation in epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva. PMID- 7308868 TI - Lymph node positivity in cervical cancer. PMID- 7308869 TI - Pretreatment laparotomy in carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7308870 TI - Histologic grade and lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 7308871 TI - Quality of life following pelvic exenteration. PMID- 7308872 TI - Malignant mesenchymoma developing 6 years after radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma. PMID- 7308873 TI - Primary ovarian malignant melanoma arising in cystic teratoma. PMID- 7308874 TI - [The effect of exercise programs in the elderly]. AB - THe literature concerning the effects of different programs of physical education for the elderly on a number of medical-biological variables as well as social scientific variables is discussed. These variables are body weight and composition, mobility and motility of joints, muscle force, aerobic power, heart rate, blood pressure and ventilation on the one hand and body image (self concept of the body) and anxiety, cognitive and perceptive processes, motivation, personality variables, specific motor skills and general feeling of well being on the other hand. In addition to the discussion of some principles of training the recommendation is made that evaluative research on programs of physical education is started, in which the relationship between these variables and their effect on the ability of the elderly person to function independently are made subject of study as well. PMID- 7308875 TI - [Interpretation of changes in BOP (Evaluation Scale for Elderly Patients) in longitudinal studies of individual patients]. AB - This study describes test-retest data for the BOP, a Dutch Geriatric Rating Scale which has been modeled upon the Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale. This so called BOP (Beoordelingsschaal voor Oudere Patienten) contains 35 items pertaining to six aspects of the patient's daily behaviour on the ward: helplessness, aggressiveness, physical disability, depressive behaviour, mental disability and inactivity. These six aspects (subscales) were derived from factor analysis. Normative data, inter-rater reliability and validity have been determined for Dutch samples of elderly patients in nursing homes and psychiatric hospitals. Since 1971 the BOP is used extensively in Holland and Belgium. In this study test retest correlation coefficients could be computed for 556 patients from four different psychogeriatric nursing homes. The correlations between test and retest over an interval of three months were for the six subscales resp.: .91, .68, .88, .59, .81 and .83. By determination of the standard error of measurement, statistical norms could be developed to estimate the significance of individual change, for example in experimental studies of single cases. PMID- 7308876 TI - [Theoretical considerations on the completion of the role concept in the therapeutic milieu in the nursing home for the somatically ill]. AB - In this article the author makes a number of theoretical comments on role conception and role behaviour in the therapeutic milieu of the nursing home for the somatically ill. To begin with he draws a comparison between this milieu and that in a psychiatric hospital, where the notion of the therapeutic living environment has already been put into practice. A conspicuous feature is the difference in the nature of the inhabitants of the two milieus and the reason for their admission. The patient at a psychiatric hospital is there in order to learn to manage a role in society in a new way, the nursing home patient has to try, in an appropriate manner, to learn again to give meaning to the role which he has been deprived of by his physical disability. In this article the author hopes that he has demonstrated that the inmate of the nursing home is doomed to fail without the real and active help of his family or other people who are important to him. Through adequate reflection on their own role behaviour, the staff must try to provide a response to the subjective experience of reality encountered by the patient and his relatives and friends. PMID- 7308877 TI - [The specialism geriatrics and education for geriatrist]. AB - The future education for a geriatrician in the Netherlands will have to take into account both the scientific-gerontological character (physically, mentally and socially) and the clinical character of clinical geriatrics. The education will have to take place in the geriatric department of an academic hospital. It should include geriatrics, internal medicine, neurology, and long term care of chronically ill elderly. It will be necessary to find a professor who is an expert both clinically and scientifically abroad, e.g. in Great Britain. The author argues for relatively extensive 'medium stay' departments for geriatrics in hospitals in order to provide enough possibilities for training geriatricians and a better connection between hospitals, nursing homes and homes for the aged. PMID- 7308878 TI - [Geriatrics and nursing home medicine]. AB - The responsibility and the duties of a geriatrician are completely different from the duties of a medical doctor in a 'nursing-home'. This term 'nursing-home' does not exactly coincide with the term 'verpleeghuis'. Primarily the geriatrician is in charge of diagnostics and therapy and works together with various consulting medical specialists and in the setting of a general hospital. Geriatrics have grown out of internal medicine, and the 'verpleeghuisgeneeskunde' finds its roots in general practice. The medical doctor of a 'nursing-home' exercises general medical practice, in particular symptomatic treatment and functional medical care with the assistance of and in co-operation with nurses and the para-medical departments. Both geriatrics and 'verpleeghuisgeneeskunde' should get their own education and acknowledgement. PMID- 7308879 TI - [Point of discussion: Task and function of nursing homes. A starting point for innovation]. AB - For several years there has been a discussion on the function of nursing homes, often in the form of a lot of criticism. Nursing homes in the Netherlands were developed more by the circumstances than by planned policy. In this discussion paper the NZR gives a description of how the nursing homes have to innovate their care in the future. It made a good choice in the point of reference: the man or woman who consumes the care that nursing homes produce. The paper presents many modern ideas about the quality of care, the way to organize it and the physical environment it needs. Unfortunately the paper is not consistent in the elaboration of the concept. It does not make a real choice for the future, because it tries to mix contradictory views as a geriatric hospital as well as a home for people who need continuous (nursing) care. That kind of ambivalence does not contribute to a good circuit of care-organizations in the future. PMID- 7308880 TI - [Day care in nursing homes]. AB - Since 1979 daycare facilities are formally established in nursing homes. In this paper an elaboration is presented of the admission of visitors to daycare and of what is comprised in it. In the paper there is no discussion about whether the nursing home is the right place for daycare. That makes the admission rules somewhat artificial, because they depend on the possibilities of the other care giving organizations. The main substance of daycare seems to be behavioural, although a nursing-, paramedical or medical necessity must at least formally be present. The paper gives within this framework a good picture of the possibilities of daycare in the Netherlands. PMID- 7308881 TI - [Democratization of homes for the aged]. AB - The Dutch Central Advisory Committee on Homes for the Aged has now published a commentary on government propositions regarding democratization in these homes. The Committee, while in general agreeing with those propositions, regrets the delay since 1976, and pleads for a more gradual perspective for the influence of the inmates. The independence of inmates' boards should be better implemented. The progress of democratization should be closely followed by evaluative research and experimented with. The present writer indicates a lack of socio-psychological approaches in the commentary. PMID- 7308882 TI - [Idiopathic atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 7308883 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis]. PMID- 7308884 TI - [Acute renal failure due to combined infection with psittacosis and salmonellosis]. PMID- 7308885 TI - [Severe bleeding following Echis colorata snake bite]. PMID- 7308886 TI - [Hereditary fructose intolerance]. PMID- 7308887 TI - [Pediatric intensive care--clinical, physiological and general aspects]. PMID- 7308888 TI - [Chemotherapy of tuberculosis today]. PMID- 7308889 TI - [Depression in childhood]. PMID- 7308890 TI - [Adverse cardiac effects of drugs]. PMID- 7308891 TI - [Some solid factors on intestinal gas]. PMID- 7308893 TI - [Gastric operations for morbid obesity]. PMID- 7308892 TI - [Subsets of human monocytes]. PMID- 7308894 TI - [Nifedipine--a new antianginal agent]. PMID- 7308895 TI - [A metrical analysis of exploratory behavior in mice: effects of methamphetamine and diazepam (author's transl)]. AB - Exploratory behavior can be considered a kind of positional behavior. The theory for the analysis of exploratory behavior by the presented method is based on the concept of the Markov process. The following parameters were used in this experiment; (1) frequency of visits to all the positions that are unit spaces expedient to the observation (N), (2) Entropy (HI), a measure of the spacial distribution of animal location, (3) Entropy (HII), a measure of the degree of disorder in movement direction, and (4) length of the longest path passed frequently (L), calculated by examining an upper confidence limit for a parameter of a binomial distribution. Both methamphetamine and diazepam increased N at lower doses, and increased L dose-relatedly. Methamphetamine decreased the values of HI and HII. Diazepam increased HI value while decreased HII value. These results indicate that the effect of methamphetamine on the exploratory behavior in mice is to narrow their behavior space and to make their movement pattern monotonous, back and forth within a small area (i.e. stereotyped behavior), and the effect of diazepam is to extend their behavior space and also simplify their movement pattern, going round and round over a wide area in the apparatus. The results of this experiment suggest that the present method is useful for analysis of exploratory behavior and a better understanding of the effects of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 7308896 TI - [Effect of bromhexine on the tracheal secretory cells with enhanced mucus synthesis by pilocarpine treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of bromhexine on secretory activities of canine tracheal secretory cells with stimulated synthesis of acid glycoprotein (AGP) by pilocarpine 10(-6)M treatment an on behaviour of glycoprotein in these secretory cells were investigated histologically and histochemically. Following bromhexine treatment, the number of total glycoprotein-containing goblet cells (GC) remained unchanged. The numbers of AGP-containing and sulphated glycoprotein (SGP)-containing GC significantly decreased, while neutral glycoprotein (NGP)-containing GC significantly increased. The acinar inner diameter of the submucosal gland and the acinar inner diameter of this gland to wall ratio slightly increased. Thickness of the acinus and Reid index slightly decreased, concentration dependently. AGP and SGP content in glandular cells decreased, while NGP content in these cells markedly increased. Bromhexine 10(-5) and 10(-4)M treatment resulted in increased total saccharide and protein concentrations in the incubation fluid, whereas the agent significantly decreased N-acetylhexosamine, in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that while bromhexine does not stimulate secretory activities of GC, it does slightly stimulate the activities of the submucosal glands. Bromhexine markedly dissolves AGP in the granules of these secretory cells. PMID- 7308897 TI - [Distributions of peptidases in the metabolization of peptide hormones, particularly angiotensin II, along the isolated single nephron of rat (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate the peptidases which degrade peptide hormones, particularly angiotensin II (AII), in the isolated rat nephron segments. These peptidases include leucine aminopeptidase, aminopeptidase A, cystine aminopeptidase, "trypsin-like enzyme(s)", "chymotrypsin-like enzyme(s)", postproline cleaving enzyme, and converting enzyme. The metabolic ability of [3H] AII in each nephron segment, was also studied. The activities of these peptidases were exclusively higher in proximal tubules than in other segments. In the proximal tubule, only "trypsin-like enzyme(s)" showed the highest activity in pars convoluta, however, the other peptidases showed the highest activities in pars recta. The activities of aminopeptidase A, "trypsin-like enzyme(s)", and post-proline cleaving enzyme, were also high in the glomerulus. The activities of these peptidases were hardly detectable in distal nephron segments. From the investigation of the metabolic ability of [3H]-AII in each nephron segment, AII was found to be highly metabolized both in the glomerulus and in the proximal tubule, especially in the pars recta. AII was converted to angiotensin III (AIII) mainly in the glomerulus. All these findings suggest that peptide hormones including AII filtrated through the glomerulus are metabolized in the proximal tubule and that the conversion from AII to AIII occurs mainly in the glomerulus. PMID- 7308898 TI - [Reflex effects of cough reflex on the tracheobronchial vascular tone (author's transl)]. AB - In a previous paper, it was shown that the cough reflex was accompanied by a slight fall of systemic arterial pressure, tracheal constriction and tracheal vasodilation. In the present study, tracheobronchial muscular and vascular tones during the cough reflex were investigated using the blood perfused canine tracheal and bronchial preparations in situ. The cough reflex was elicited with electrical stimulation of the membraneous wall mucosa of the upper trachea. In the blood perfused tracheal preparation, a close intraarterial injection of atropine or bilateral vagotomy inhibited the tracheoconstriction but had no effect on the tracheal vasodilation during the cough reflex. In the blood perfused bronchial preparation, electrical stimulation of the upper tracheal mucosa induced bronchial constriction but not bronchial vasodilation. Lung inflation with air resulted in a bronchial vasodilation and which persisted even after a close intraarterial infusion of atropine and benzonatate and after bilateral vagotomy. These findings indicate that the tracheobronchial constriction response are primary reflex effects following coughing and the tracheobronchial vasodilation responses are secondary reflex effects induced by increase in internal pressure of the respiratory tract. PMID- 7308900 TI - Rethinking the environmental causation of human cancer. PMID- 7308899 TI - The delayed long-term effects of chemicals following neonatal exposure in laboratory animals. PMID- 7308901 TI - Risk assessment and regulatory decision making. PMID- 7308903 TI - Liver carcinogenesis: the role for some chemicals of an epigenetic mechanism of liver-tumour promotion involving modification of the cell membrane. PMID- 7308902 TI - The decision-point approach for systematic carcinogen testing. PMID- 7308905 TI - Bioassay for evaluating the potency of airborne sensory irritants and predicting acceptable levels of exposure in man. PMID- 7308904 TI - Interspecies response to carcinogens and oestrogens. PMID- 7308906 TI - Action of N,N-diethylacetamide on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 7308907 TI - The role of zinc in nitrilotriacetate(NTA)-associated renal tubular cell toxicity. PMID- 7308909 TI - Triple arthrodesis: a long-term study with force plate analysis. AB - This study evaluated triple arthrodesis at late follow-up using the liquid crystal force plate and standard clinical methods. Twenty-four patients with 36 triple arthrodeses were followed-up at an average of 8 +/- 2 years. Fifty-eight per cent of patients achieved an ideal or good rating with 11% failures. Failures were due to inadequate surgical correction of varus deformity. Seven per cent of joints with roentgenographic degenerative changes has associated mild pain. Triple arthrodesis produced many deviations from normal load-bearing: 1) calcaneovalgus residuals produced symptomatic posterior heel force concentrations; 2) residual forefoot supination produced symptomatic force concentrations under the fifth metatarsal and toe; 3) residual forefoot pronation produced increased midfoot and medial metatarsal load-bearing, generally asymptomatic; and 3) a significant increase in midfoot weightbearing occurred in most triple arthrodesis patients. PMID- 7308908 TI - Hallux valgus: further considerations--the first metatarsal head. PMID- 7308910 TI - The role of the lateral malleolus as a stabilizing factor of the ankle joint: preliminary report. AB - A preliminary report evaluating the role of the distal fibula as the lateral supporting structure of the ankle is presented. The study involved loading the knee of an above the knee amputation specimen and recording the resultant strains on the distal fibula. This was done with the ankle of the specimen in neutral, dorsiflexion, and eversion. Results show the susceptibility of the lateral fibula to compressive strains, with the greatest compression noted when the ankle is in eversion. Early findings also indicate that the fibula and lateral malleolus play an insignificant role in the weightbearing process in the lower limb. PMID- 7308911 TI - Standardizing methods of measurement of foot shape by including the effects of subtalar rotation. AB - At the present time, there is no easily performed method of measuring foot shape that can quantitatively differentiate types of feet. We studied 44 feet of individuals with normal appearing asymptomatic feet and flat symptomatic feet to find criteria for measurement of foot shape. We found that measurements of footprints are unreliable. Radiographic methods must include measurements in different positions, or at least specify the position of subtalar rotation to be meaningful, since the height of the arch can change just by rotating the tibia. Traditional measurements of talocalcaneal angles have no precision and are unreproducible. PMID- 7308913 TI - Stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon at the great toe. AB - The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the previously overlooked entity, stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon in the sesamoid area of the great toe. Nine patients have been tabulated and successfully treated during the past 4 years, with an average 2 1/2-year follow up. Trauma seems to be the causative factor. Five cases had accompanying pathology. Three cases responded to inflation of the tendon sheath with 1% lidocaine anesthesia, but the remainder required tenolysis of the sheath plus surgery to the accompanying pathology for relief. Early recognition of this problem and prompt inflation with lidocaine may be the only required treatment if this is the only entity. Chronic cases will respond to tenolysis. A plantar full visualization surgical approach is recommended. PMID- 7308912 TI - Surgical treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis at the ankle. AB - Twelve cases of stenosing tenosynovitis about the ankle (eight posterior tibial and four peroneal), with at least 2 to 4 years of follow-up, have been successfully relieved of their symptoms and returned to increased activity by utilizing a simplified comprehensive surgical technique. Surgery consists of: 1) appropriate treatment to the tendon itself whether intact, partially ruptured, or completely ruptured; 2) deepening of the constricted groove; 3) fashioning of new pulleys from available sheath and retinaculum; and 4) construction of a new sheath from regional deep fascia. Postoperative management includes non weightbearing, soft bandages, and home exercise therapy for 1 month, followed thereafter by intensive home therapy buildup of the involved muscle and orthoses. Pathology findings included thickening of the tendon sheath, varying degrees of fibrosis of the tendon itself, with or without rupture, and reactive hypertrophy of the bone at the involved groove. PMID- 7308914 TI - Talonavicular joint surface anatomy and prototype resurfacing prostheses. AB - The curvature and extent of a joint surface largely determine the type and range of motion possible. The talonavicular surface anatomy of 10 human foot specimens has been determined quantitatively, and the data have been compared with the design parameters for a prototype prosthetic joint. It was found that, in general, the natural talus as compared with the navicular was slightly larger in surface area and in mean arc length, but slightly smaller in mean radius of curvature. The arc length of the joint was found to be generally slightly longer along an axis positioned from slightly medial of dorsal to slightly lateral of ventral. In contrast, no general orientation of the radius of curvature was observed. Also, it was found that the congruency between the talus and navicular surfaces, as indicated by corresponding radii of curvature, varied widely. In comparison to the human specimens, a previously designed prototype talonavicular prosthesis proved somewhat smaller in radius, arc length, and surface area. Experimental studies related to other prosthesis design parameters, besides type and range of motion, are in progress. PMID- 7308915 TI - Prephonatory chest wall posturing. PMID- 7308916 TI - Patterns of dysarthric movements in patients with parkinsonism. PMID- 7308917 TI - [Pneumotachographic objective evaluation of treatment courses and results]. PMID- 7308918 TI - Fundamental frequency characteristics and perceived age of adult male speakers. PMID- 7308919 TI - [Electroglottographic course controls in patients with functional voice disorders]. PMID- 7308920 TI - Perception of semantic and syntactic paradigms in dichotic listening. PMID- 7308921 TI - [Experiences with the expert commission on problems of physician liability]. PMID- 7308922 TI - [Differential diagnosis of colitis]. AB - The differential diagnostic possibilities in colitic changes are presented. In addition, the specific objectives of major examination procedures in the differentiation of the underlying diseases are indicated. In this connection, mention is also made of the etiopathogenic factors-in those conditions in which they are known with certainty. PMID- 7308923 TI - [Chronic diarrhea. New aspects of diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 7308924 TI - [Therapy of poisoning--antidotes]. PMID- 7308925 TI - [Infectious diarrhea]. PMID- 7308926 TI - [Cholelithiasis from the surgeon's view point]. AB - Patients with silent gallstones and without other severe diseases should be operated on as well as patients with complications of gallstones like perforation, jaundice and obstructive bowel disease caused by stones. In case of acute cholecystitis medical treatment stands first. During operation cholangiography is performed. In choledocholithiasis we prefer choledochoscopy with a rigid instrument. PMID- 7308927 TI - [Phospholipase A in the semen. Occurrence, properties and possible physiological significance]. AB - Phospholipase A2 activities have been detected in seminal plasmas of different vertebrates. These enzyme activities significantly correlate with the prostanoid contents. Considering these findings and the general regulatory function of phospholipase A2 in prostanoid biosynthesis, it is concluded that the seminal phospholipase A2 functions in triggering biosynthesis of seminal prostanoids, both being released predominantly by the vesicular and/or prostate glands. Phospholipase A2, which has been purified to homogeneity from human seminal plasma as the obviously richest enzyme source, clearly resembles pancreatic phospholipase A2 in many of its properties. In principle stimulatory as well as inhibitory effects of various drugs on fertility seem to be possible via alterations in the biosynthesis of seminal prostanoids as a consequence of drug effects on phospholipase A2 activities. PMID- 7308928 TI - [Surgery of the recurrent nerve. Studies on the problem of functional rehabilitation after recurrent nerve injuries]. AB - One of the most important problems involved in rehabilitation surgery of the recurrent nerve arises from the fact that this nerve carries fibers displaying antagonistic activities which is an accordance with the different functions of the larynx as an organ of phonation, respiration and swallowing. As a consequence of random reinnervation of the internal laryngeal musculature taking place after reconstruction of the N. recurrens, the complicated sequence of vocal cord movements, varying with the different functions of the larynx, cannot be restituted in its proper order. To avoid such functional failures, a method for selective reinnervation of the M. posticus as the most important glottis opener on the one hand, and of the glottis-closing musculature on the other, was tested in animal experiments. Two different anastomoses are forming the basis of the experimental model. 1. Phrenicus-ramus posterior anastomosis for reinnervation of the M. posticus. 2. Recurrens-ramus anterior anastomosis for reinnervation of the adductors. The results show that successful reinnervation of the abductor by means of the phrenic nerve, and of the adductors by means of the recurrence nerve separated from the vagus, can be achieved, and that this reinnervation also permits satisfactory phase-synchronous regulation. PMID- 7308929 TI - [Reduction of catecholamine liberation by drugs. Therapeutic alternative to beta sympathicolysis in coronary disease?]. AB - Plasma catecholamines have been determined in 10 persons with healthy coronary circulation (group A) and in 10 patients with coronary cardiac illness (group B) before and immediately after ergometer loading. The loading dosis amounted on average to 177.5 watts for group A and 80 watts for group B. Under load, the catecholamines rose significantly for group A (p less than 0.01) and highly significantly for group B (p less than 0.001). After 10 days of therapy with a combination preparation (12 mg of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 100 mg of meprobamate, 5 mg of nicotinic acid = Visano-mini), the catecholamines were again determined for groups A and B before and after loading. The catecholamines were not significantly changed by therapy, neither for group A nor B. Under the therapy, the rise in catecholamines caused by load was distinctly lower than before without therapy, namely significantly lowered for group A (p less than 0.01) and slightly significantly for group B (p less than 0.02). Also significantly lowered under therapy in terms of percentage was the catecholamine rise caused by the load, namely by 27% against 75% for group A, by 35% against 89% for group B. As the first results show, Visano-mini seems to constitute an interesting catecholamine inhibiting combination of substances. Whether this might possibly lead to a therapeutic alternative to the betasympathicolysis will have to be determined on the basis of further investigations. PMID- 7308930 TI - [Is there a "battle for a list place" in the offing? Aspects for a positive list]. PMID- 7308931 TI - [How often can virus diseases be demonstrated? Epidemiologic examinations from a district hospital]. PMID- 7308932 TI - [The immunity of the child and his social environment. Part 1: immunization as a part of social pediatrics]. PMID- 7308933 TI - [Nutritional guidelines for children. Food intake, energy and nutrient provisions]. PMID- 7308935 TI - [Spontaneous reports on unwanted drug effects in the years 1978-1979]. AB - In 1978/1979 the Medicines Commission of the German Medical Profession received 5196 spontaneous reports on adverse drug reaction (ADRs) from physicians, manufacturers, intensive hospital monitoring and pharmacists. The total number of ADRs reported by the physicians was 1867. The symptoms mostly seen were skin reactions, blood dyscrasia, drug dependence, liver damage (including jaundice), nausea, vomiting and hyper-or hypotension. Drug dependence was reported more frequently than was the case in the years before due to a large number of reports dealing with only one anorectic drug. The drugs most frequently associated with ADR reports were analgesics, psychotropic agents, antiarrhythmic agents, agents used against gastrointestinal disorders, sedatives and hypnotics, antibiotics and radioopaque media. The frequency of drugs involved roughly corresponded to the sales figures in 1979 with radioopaque media over-represented and some groups not or under-represented (e.g. vitamins, antitussives and vasoprotective agents). The spontaneous reporting system does not provide absolute figures on the frequency of ADRs. Its main purpose is to draw the attention of the physicians to an increase in the rate of ADRs for a certain drug or to rare but extremely severe incidences. PMID- 7308936 TI - [Do we need an "alternative medicine?"]. AB - After an enumeration of synonyms of "alternative medicine" the term "natural healing methods" is defined. As it transpires, not all methods so earmarked are "according to nature". Therefore, permission to doctors to assign this "specialism" to their qualifications as a supplementary faculty seems no longer justified. Some methods of so-called alternative medicine (e.g.acupuncture, and homoeopathy) are critically discussed. As a conclusion, the question wether an "alternative medicine" is required, can only be answered in the negative, because only one medicine employing serious methods and taking no undue risks, is needed. PMID- 7308934 TI - [Thyroid gland diseases in old age. Clinical aspects and therapy. Part 2: Hypothyroidism, bland struma, thyroid gland neoplasms]. AB - Because of the slow lingering course of this disease, the diagnosis of hypothyroidism is generally made by chance particularly because the euthyroidism can change unobserved into manifest hypothyroidism. In old age the course of hypothyroidism may be oligosymptomatic: only adynamia and abnormal susceptibility to cold may be diagnosed. Because of the augmented oxygen requirement of tissues during therapy with thyroid hormones the medical treatment of hypothyroidism has to start - especially in old age - with a fractional part of the final dose. In old age bland struma more and more changes to nodular struma, where small autonomic areas are often developed. Conservative therapy with thyroid hormones predominates in this case. Radioiodotherapy is indicated when medical treatment has been without success and operation is contraindicated because of high risk. Cancer of the thyroid is important - with respect to differential diagnosis - especially in older patients. Cancer of the thyroid is most common in patients aged between 50-70 years, and the anaplastic carcinoma is the most frequently observed malignant growth of old age. Concerning therapy, a radical operation comes into consideration; if radical operation is combined with too high risks, remaining tissue may be treated by radioiodotherapy without danger. PMID- 7308937 TI - [Does the size of a community affect psychiatric disease?]. PMID- 7308938 TI - [Rehabilitation in an ambulatory coronary training group. A longitudinal study of 5 years after a Hamburg model]. AB - Results from 84 patients after an acute myocardial infarction, members of the first coronary club at Hamburg (training group) during 5 months up to 5 years, are reported. Fluctuation of participants was 20% per year; this is the same rate as in other parts of the sports clubs. Participants were approximately 10 years younger than the average of patients after myocardial infarction. 7 of the 84 patients died; mortality rate was 1.8% per year, no overmortality was detected in the first year after myocardial infarction. 16 of the 84 patients suffered reinfarction, i.e. 3.4% per year, especially elderly patients. 3/4 of the patients were sportive 5 years after their myocardial infarction, 46% continue to undergo a weekly activity with real training effect for good aerobic persistence. 85% had a fair physical working capacity (PWC). Younger patients under 50 years benefit more by the training than older. Older patients have a shorter participation than younger. 81.9% were working in their professions 5 years after their myocardial infarction. Before myocardial infarction 48 of 84 patients (57.1%) had been smokers; 5 years after participation in the coronary club only 11 of 84 patients (13.1%) smoked and continue to smoke cigarettes. The body weight of the participants was normal in 88.4%; nobody had more weight than at myocardial infarction. It is concluded that long-term participation in the activity of a coronary club (training group) can give more quality of life after myocardial infarction. PMID- 7308939 TI - [The established physician and patient compliance. Group therapy in risk patients]. PMID- 7308940 TI - [Refuse treatment in hospitals and clinics. Disinfection of body vermin]. PMID- 7308941 TI - [The heart surgery patient from the psychiatric and neurologic view]. PMID- 7308942 TI - [Improved microcirculation and collateral circulation in arterial occlusive diseases of the lower extremity]. PMID- 7308943 TI - [Extracellular Ca2+ and epilepsy. Examinations during normal and ictal activity in the somatosensory cortex of the cat]. PMID- 7308944 TI - [Aminoglutethimide - a new drug for the after care in breast cancer]. AB - Aminoglutethimide is an inhibitor of various steroid hydroxylation reactions in the adrenal gland, the ovary, the testis and the placenta; furthermore, the extraglandular estrogen synthesis is inhibited by blocking the aromatase in the subcutaneous fatty tissue. PMID- 7308945 TI - [Remarks of a lawyer on medical expertise]. PMID- 7308946 TI - [Drug interactions with corticoids]. AB - Corticosteroids, as far as they are not being used as endocrinological substitutes, are usually prescribed in combination therapy with other non steroidal drugs in order to cut down on the well known side-effects of a steroid therapy. Most of the patients needing cortisone derivatives also require additional drugs to therapy other diseases of which they are suffering at the same time. Because of this fact, the possibility of drug interactions is indeed a great one. Even though, theoretically, these may be numerous, however, only a few are of practical relevancy. Caution is recommended when simultaneously giving corticosteroids and barbiturates, anticonvulsive agents, rifampicin, cholinesterase inhibitors, non-steroid antirheumatics, and last, but not least, saluretics and laxatives. Patients having low serum protein levels must also receive lower cortisone dosage. PMID- 7308947 TI - [Local rheumatoid therapy. Indomethacin level in the synovia and serum after application of Amuno ointment]. AB - 9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and one with activated gonarthrosis were treated by means of application of Amuno ointment to one knee in a dosage of 3 X 5 cm ribbon of ointment, rubbed in on an area of approximately 200 cm2, over a period of 3 days. After this interval in 8 patients the knee-joints not treated with ointment were punctured, and synovial fluid was won. In all 10 cases serum level determinations were carried out. The obtained average values in serum ranged from 114.4 - 134.3 ng/ml, the average value found in the synovial fluid was ascertained at 235.6 ng/ml. Although this report is presenting only intermediate results these may nevertheless serve as evidence for a systemic effect of Amuno ointment at the synovium. PMID- 7308948 TI - [Iodine induced hyperthyroidism in old age. Part 1: Multimorbidity, autonomous tissue and possibilities for iodine contamination]. PMID- 7308949 TI - [Cytology and histology after radiotherapy in gynecology]. PMID- 7308950 TI - [Clamped umbilical cord. Effect on the puerperium and the newborn's hematocrit]. AB - This study investigated the effect of clamped and unclamped cord on third stage of labor in two patient groups and correlated the drained placental blood volume with the newborn hematocrit. In the first group (trial group, n = 215) the placental part of the cord was left unclamped and the drained blood volume was measured. In the second group (control group, n = 199) the placental part of the umbilical cord was left clamped. Both groups were nearly equal regarding history, age and parity. The following results were obtained: Unclamped umbilical cord was associated with a shorter third stage of labor, unclamped umbilical cord was associated with less blood loss during third stage of labor, unclamped umbilical cord was associated with fewer operative procedures (i.e. manual removal of the placenta), differences regarding the number of incomplete or possibly incomplete placentae were not evident, a highly significant negative correlate was found between placental blood volume drained from the umbilical cord and newborn hematocrit (r = 0.38; p less than 0.001). PMID- 7308951 TI - [Ophthalmomyiasis]. AB - We may distinguish an ophthalmomyiasis externa (fly larvae in the outer eye) and an ophthalmomyiasis interna (entry of fly larvae into the eye). While the first usually takes a mild course (conjunctivitis) the latter nearly always leads to loss of the sight. Besides three cases of O. externa the mechanical irritating effect of the larva Oestrus ovis Lin. (stage I) on the basis of scanning electron microscopic pictures is discussed. PMID- 7308952 TI - [Traumatology of the growth plate]. AB - Experiments were carried out on 12 weeks old dogs to determine the reaction of the proximal tibial epiphysis to different implants. The contralateral tibial epiphysis was used as controls. As implants we used Kirschner wires, medullary nails, screws and miniplates, which were inserted through the epiphyseal plate itself. The further development of the epiphysis was followed till completion of growth. The changes observed were proportional to the pressure exerted by the implant and reached from reversible lesions to premature ossification with faulty growth. PMID- 7308953 TI - [Comparative study of piroxicam and indomethacin retard in arthroses]. AB - Indomethacin retard and piroxicam (Felden) were compared in an open, randomized parallel study in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Improvement of the symptoms of the disease was highly significant for both drugs. A statistical difference in the efficacy was not proved. Number and duration of the side effects were significantly lower with piroxicam than with indomethacin retard. Piroxicam was only applied once a day. Indomethacin retard was always (43% of the cases) or sometimes (14%) applied twice daily. PMID- 7308954 TI - [Suicide after trauma]. PMID- 7308955 TI - [The paraneoplastic syndrome from the neurologic viewpoint]. AB - In general paraneoplastic syndromes of both muscles and nervous system (central/peripheral) occur quite rare. The incidence varies with respect to the different clinical syndromes and the underlying malignant disease. In detail there are myopathies (dermatomyositis, Lambert-Eaton-syndrome), neuropathies (sensory type Denny-Brown, sensorimotor type, neuromyopathies) spinal cord affection (subacute necrotizing myelopathy, subacute spinocerebellar degeneration, motor neuron disease) and brain affection (subacute cerebellar degeneration, bulbar encephalitis, limbic encephalitis, progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy). PMID- 7308956 TI - [Determination of left ventricular function using nuclear medicine methods]. AB - ECG-gated blood-pool scintigraphy with multiple gating acquisition is a good tool for evaluation of global and regional ventricular function. During exercise there is an average increase of ejection fraction of about 13.4% compared with rest ejection fraction in patients with normal ventricular function. A decrease or insufficient increase of ejection fraction by exercise is due to myocardial ischemia. After administration of isosorbiddinitrat in retard preparation there is an increase of ejection fraction of about 7%, lasting at least for 12 hours. PMID- 7308957 TI - [Daily plans for the dietary management of fatty liver]. PMID- 7308958 TI - [Portal vein hypertension in chronic liver diseases]. AB - As a rule, the fate of patients suffering from chronic liver disease is determined by the most severe complications of portal hypertension (oesophageal variceal haemorrhage, hepatic coma). By means of laparoscopic transhepatic manometric measurements, we determined the pressures in the branches of the portal and hepatic veins of 161 patients suffering from chronic inflammation of the liver classified in various diagnostic groups. It was discovered that, in patients with pre-cirrhotic alcohol-induced damage, the pressure in the portal vein rises progressively with the increasing daily alcohol consumption. In all the various forms of chronic hepatitis, the portal vein pressures were higher than the upper limit of normalcy. A comparison of pressures among individual cirrhotic groups (alcoholic, pigmentary, congestive and hepatic cirrhoses) revealed a significant difference only between the hepatic and congestive forms of cirrhosis. The mortality rate was greatest among patients with hepatic cirrhosis, followed by the group with alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 7308959 TI - [The "limit-exceeding risk" in nuclear technics. Supplement to the article "Risk analysis in nuclear technics"]. AB - On the basis of the models applied in the "German Risk Study" it is estimated that approximately 50% of the mean individual risk from nuclear power stations implied for the population of the Federal Republic of Germany originate from German plants, whilst the other 50% can be attributed to the facilities situated in other European countries. PMID- 7308960 TI - [Special combination of anticancer drug with its antidote for chemotherapy of hepatic metastasis in rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308961 TI - [Factors affecting ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarcts in aged people. An electrocardiographic-pathologic correlation study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308962 TI - [Effects of electrical stimulation of the ventral noradrenergic bundle on the lateral hypothalamic area in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308963 TI - [Solid phase radioimmunoassay of CEA by an antiserum noncrossreactive with fecal antigen and its clinical results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308964 TI - [Antibacterial action against Streptococcus mutans and inhibitory effect on the experimental hamster caries of condensed phosphates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308965 TI - [Developmental of the angioarchitecture in the cerebral pallium --formation of the arterio-venous anastomosis-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308966 TI - [The development of motor neurons of the lateral motor column of chick embryo spinal cord and the naturally occurring cell death. I. Histometric study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308967 TI - [The development of motor neurons of the lateral motor column of chick embryo spinal cord and the naturally occurring cell death. II. Prevention of naturally occurring cell death with neuromuscular blocking agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308968 TI - [Age dependent changes in the serum melatonin concentrations in healthy human subjects and in patients with endocrine and hepatic disorders and renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308969 TI - [Occupational exposures by external radiation at Kyushu University, 1976-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7308970 TI - Renal tubular function and urinary acidification capacity in early juvenile diabetes. AB - Renal elimination of uric acid, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride and magnesium and urinary acidification capacity were determined in ten insulin dependent diabetics and in ten matched control subjects. The diabetics showed excessive excretion of uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride and ammonia. Sodium, chloride and ammonia excretion fractions was also increased with respect to controls. The enhanced excretion of these substances in diabetics failed to relate to glomerular filtration rate, glycosuria or insulin requirements. These findings might be explained on the basis of glomerular filtration rate elevation, tubular response to this increment, and the underlying metabolic disturbances of diabetes. PMID- 7308971 TI - Serum Gastrin concentration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of long term immunosuppressive or antidopaminergic treatment. AB - In an attempt to further evaluate the conflicting incidence of hypergastrinemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), serum gastrin concentration has been determined in 58 RA patients and in 58 healthy subjects. Mean levels were significantly higher in RA patients than in controls, although clearly high values were only found in 3 subjects with severe hypochloridria. During one year of immunosuppressive treatment in 12 RA patients with cyclophosphamide plus colchicine serum gastrin levels did not change, while a significant decrease was observed in another 12 patients after 2 months' treatment with haloperidol, a dopamine receptor blocker; this decrease was sustained throughout the one year treatment. Indomethacin administration up to 6 months did not change serum levels in a control group of 12 RA patients. Serum gastrin concentration in patients treated with haloperidol was significantly lower than in those treated with indomethacin at 2 and 6 months, while no significant differences were observed between cyclophosphamide- and indomethacin-treated groups. These results confirm and extend previous studies showing inhibition of gastrin secretion by antidopaminergic drugs. No correlations were observed between serum gastrin levels and inflammatory indices, both in basal conditions and during any drug treatment. PMID- 7308972 TI - Thyroxine an triiodothyronine kinetics and extrathyroidal peripheral conversion rate of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in healthy elderly humans. AB - The influence of age on the kinetics of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and on peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, has been studied, comparing a group of euthyroid, healthy, elderly individuals to a group of young individuals. A monocompartment model was adopted for the kinetics of T4, while a bicompartment model was used for T3. No significant difference (p greater than 0.05) could be found in any of the kinetic parameters of T4 between the elderly and young groups. However, the following significant (p less than 0.05) changes were noted for T3: an increased disposition constant in the phase of slow distribution (beta), shortening of the half-life of this phase (T 1/2 beta ), elevation of the central distribution volume Vc and the elimination constant K23, reduction of the K12: K23 ratio, and increased plasma metabolic clearance and hormonal daily turnover. No significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were observed for the percent turnover of T4 converted to T3. PMID- 7308973 TI - Cimetidine-induced PTH variations in uraemic patients evaluated with the aid of antisera against the terminal carboxyl and amino groups of the hormone molecule. AB - Eight uraemic patients on periodic haemodialysis were given 600 mg of cimetidine every day for 15 days. Parathyroid hormone levels before and at the end of this treatment were evaluated with two different antisera specific against the terminal -COOH and -NH2 groups of the hormone respectively. The results obtained suggest two things: though cimetidine may enhance PTH secretion, at the same time it accelerates peripheral disintegration of some of its metabolically active metabolites. It i therefore necessary to reconsider the possible use of cimetidine in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism associated with uraemia. PMID- 7308974 TI - Effect of clonidine on growth hormone and glucagon secretion. AB - The effect of clonidine (0.15 mg i.v.) on circulating GH, glucagon and glucose concentrations was measured in six normal subjects. GH and glucose increased but glucagon secretion remained unchanged. These data indicate that in man clonidine induced GH secretion is not mediated by a stimulatory effect of clonidine on glucagon secretion and that alpha-adrenergic mechanisms have little role in the regulation of basal glucagon secretion. PMID- 7308975 TI - Serum thyroid hormone concentration during semi-starvation and physical exercise. PMID- 7308977 TI - Thyrotropin in human breast milk. AB - The thyrotropin (TSH) content of human breast milk was investigated, using both direct 125I-TSH radioimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay preceded by a partial purification step of elution from concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B. 15 samples of human milk between 1 and 13 weeks post-partum were found to contain 2.0 +/- (SD) 0.9 microU TSH/ml when assayed after Con A-extraction and adjusted for recovery by interpolation of a standard curve of Con A-extracted TSH standards. Recovery of 125I-hTSH tracer from both serum standards (58.6 +/- 5.5%; n = 10) and milk (53.6 +/- 6.7%; n = 15) were comparable. TSH levels obtained post-extraction were not significantly different from those that TSH is present in human breast milk in low concentrations, comparable to those normally found in the serum of euthyroid adults. PMID- 7308976 TI - An improved in vitro model for the bioassay of inhibin using intact pituitaries from immature rats. PMID- 7308978 TI - Dopamine receptor blockade induced by metoclopramide and thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion in man. AB - 20 mg metoclopramide, intramuscularly administered to 10 healthy males and 10 healthy females, induced a significant increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone values in female subjects only. This finding suggests that dopamine does not play a major role in the regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion and that estrogens can act in the modulation of dopamine effects at the hypothalamic and/or pituitary level. PMID- 7308979 TI - Unstable osmoreceptors and defective thirst in hypothalamic hypopituitarism. AB - An 8-year-old girl with hypothalamic hypopituitarism is described. The clinical course was characterized by fluctuation between diabetes insipidus and water intoxication. In an attempt to find a physiological explanation she underwent two sets of dehydration and osmotic threshold tests. The presence of endogenous vasopressin, and the normally functioning volume receptors, was demonstrated by the normal urine osmolality during dehydration. The osmotic threshold was 263 mosm/kg on one test and 300 mosm/kg on the other. More extreme values might be suspected based on simultaneous urine and plasma osmolality obtained during acute episodes of water intoxication and severe dehydration. With plasma osmolality as high as 307 mosm/kg, the child denied thirst. The data appear to indicate an instability of the osmoreceptor mechanism and a deficiency of the thirst mechanism with intact volume receptors. PMID- 7308981 TI - Does-related effect of growth hormone on thyroidal radioiodine uptake. AB - Even though growth hormone was reported to play a role in mammalian calorigenesis, few studies have examined its effect on thyroid function. Consequently, the modulatory effect of bovine growth hormone (BGH) on thyroid incorporation of 131I was studied in hypophysectomized (H) rats. Not surprisingly, H recipients fed a low iodine diet consistently displayed greater thyroidal uptakes of radioactive iodine than recipients given regular diets. Furthermore, thyroid radioactive counts increased predictably in direct proportion to the quantity of bovine thyrotropin administered. Larger doses of BGH suppressed the thyroidal uptake of 131I whereas smaller doses either had no effect or enhanced thyroidal activity. Thus, these results affirm that radiolabelled and non-radiolabelled iodine compete in thyroid metabolic processes and furthermore demonstrate that high doses of BGH inhibit thyroid activity. PMID- 7308980 TI - Melatonin concentrations in human serum, ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids as an index of the secretory pathway of the pineal gland. AB - Melatonin was extracted from human sera, ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids taken within an hour from 25 patients undergoing neurosurgical operations such as ventricular shunts and craniotomy. Using a radioimmunoassay procedure, it was possible to measure the melatonin concentrations in 3 groups of patients: (a) those with obstructive hydrocephalus, (b) those with communicating hydrocephalus, and (c) those with normal cerebrospinal fluid flow. It was demonstrated that melatonin levels were higher in sera compared with those in lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluids thus supporting the view that melatonin is primarily secreted into the bloodstream. PMID- 7308982 TI - Effects of sex hormones on hepatic aldehyde oxidase activity in C57BL/6J mice. AB - The effects of sex hormones on the activity of a hepatic enzyme, aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.1, an oxidoreductase), in sexually immature and mature C57BL/6J mice has been investigated. The androgens testosterone propionate and dihydrotestosterone significantly increased enzyme levels in castrated adult males and intact adult females, whereas beta-estradiol-3,17-dipropionate significantly decreased enzyme levels in adult male mice. Increased levels of aldehyde oxidase could not be achieved in immature males with either androgen. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of hepatic cytosol and 3H-androgen revealed a macromolecular binding complex sedimenting at 4.6 S which, by careful examination, appeared to represent serum contamination of the cytosol preparation. PMID- 7308983 TI - Nuclear protein kinases of GH3 cells. AB - Three distinct cAMP-independent nuclear protein kinase activities (PCV, PC-II and PC-III) have been separated by phosphocellulose chromatography of GH3 nuclear NaCl extracts. The kinase activities exhibit distinct substrate specificities and preference for either the basic substrates protamine sulfate and histones H1 and H3 (kinase activity PCV) or the acidic protein substrates casein (PC-II) and phosvitin (PC-III). The three nuclear protein kinases further differ in their estimated molecular weights, apparent Km values and in their sensitivity toward NaCl. All three kinases require Mg2+ for optimal activity. PMID- 7308984 TI - Electron microscopic studies of Dane particles in hepatocytes with special reference to intracellular development of Dane particles and their relation with HBeAg in serum. AB - Electron microscopic observations in 30 cases of HBsAg positive liver disease and 12 asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg suggested the following mechanism of intracellular development of Dane particles: core particles migrated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. Intracytoplasmic core particles protruded into the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum by budding the outer coat of Dane particles being derived from the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. Release of Dane particles into the blood stream by reversed pinocytosis was suggested by the finding of submembranous localization of endoplasmic reticulum containing these particles. No budding from the cell surface of the hepatocytes was encountered. Dane particles in the hepatocytes were detected in 14 of 15 cases positive for serum HBeAg while no particles were seen in 27 HBeAg negative cases, thus suggesting that serum HBeAg reflected ongoing replication of hepatitis B virus in the hepatocytes. PMID- 7308985 TI - The risk of hepatitis B transmission from staff to patients in hemodialysis units -an overrated problem? AB - The staff and patients in hemodialysis units have the greatest hospital risk of acquiring hepatitis B (HB) infection. We followed the patients of two dialysis nurses in two different dialysis units. One nurse dialyzed 19 patients a total of 50 times during the prodrome of acute HB. The second nurse was a known, asymptomatic carrier of HBsAg who was also HBeAg(+) and anti-HBc(+). Over a 2 year period, she dialyzed 30 patients a total of 742 times. Neither group of patients showed evidence of having acquired HB, suggesting that the risk of HB transmission from staff to patient is low even in the high-risk setting of a dialysis unit and a presumably highly infectious HBeAg(+) chronic carrier. In our study, the risk in this latter setting was less than 0.0040 (binomial probability p less than 0.05). The data do not support restricting care of patients by health workers who are chronic carriers of the virus. PMID- 7308986 TI - Effect of chronic alcohol intake on hepatic fibrosis and granulomas in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - In consideration of the vast prevalence of schistosomiasis and heavy alcohol consumption in many parts of the world, the possibility of an interaction between these two conditions inducing liver disease was studied in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Alcohol consumption significantly reduced by 25% the mean granuloma diameter and by about 60% the extent of fibrous tissue deposition determined chemically as hydroxyproline. DNA, as an expression of the inflammatory and cellular components of the granulomatous reaction in the infected animals, was also significantly reduced by alcohol consumption. These results indicate the need for epidemiological studies in the clinical manifestations and course of schistosomiasis in human alcoholics. PMID- 7308987 TI - Acute effects of ethanol on hepatic uptake and distribution of narcotics in the isolated perfused rabbit liver. AB - This study was performed as an initial step in systematically defining the hepatic interactions between ethanol and opioids using a controlled in vitro system. The acute effects of ethanol on the initial uptake and distribution of long- and short-acting narcotics were studied using isolated rabbit liver perfused with rabbit blood without or with ethanol. A pulse injection of 1.5 mg of 14C-labeled narcotic [methadone, 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), morphine, or meperidine] was made into the portal vein cannula followed by perfusion for 2 min. Radioactivity was determined in liver homogenates and subcellular fractions; methadone and its metabolites were measured by thin-layer chromatography with zonal scanning in each fraction. Ethanol preperfusion and concomitant ethanol perfusion did not effect hepatic uptake of methadone, LAAM, morphine, or meperidine. Although subcellular localization of morphine and meperidine differed from that of methadone and LAAM, perfusion with ethanol did not alter the acute hepatic uptake and distribution of any of the narcotics. These findings suggest that acute exposure to ethanol does not alter the acute hepatic disposition of narcotics. PMID- 7308988 TI - Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. AB - A Histology Activity Index has been developed which generates a numerical score for liver biopsy specimens obtained from patients with asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Biopsies are graded in four categories: periportal necrosis, intralobular necrosis, portal inflammation, and fibrosis. Under code, three pathologists and three hepatologists evaluated 14 liver biopsy specimens obtained from five patients with asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Good correlation was seen between severity of liver biopsy lesions as judged by conventional histological descriptions and Histology Activity Index scores. Significant differences in Histology Activity Index score occurred in only 2 or 28 duplicate scorings of biopsy specimens by two observers. This system provides definitive endpoints for statistical analysis of serial changes in liver histology and offers an alternative to the use of conventional pathological descriptions in following the natural history and treatment responses of asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 7308989 TI - Biliary excretion of sulfobromophthalein compounds in normal and mutant Corriedale sheep. Evidence for a disproportionate transport defect for conjugated sulfobromophthalein. AB - Biliary excretion of dye was evaluated in three normal and one mutant Corriedale sheep (characterized by depressed biliary transport of many organic anions) during infusion of unconjugated sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and its preformed glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH). Maximal dye excretion rates in bile in normal sheep were higher when BSP-GSH rather than BSP was administered. In confirmation of earlier studies, dye excretion in bile was markedly depressed in the mutant animal. However, movement of unconjugated BSP from liver cells into bile remained relatively intact whereas transport of conjugated BSP compounds was virtually absent. Preservation of unconjugated dye entry into bile suggests the presence of a transport mechanism for unconjugated BSP which is preserved in mutant sheep and is distinct from that involved in BSP-GSH excretory transport. Renal clearance of conjugated BSP compounds was greater than of unconjugated BSP and clearance values were comparable in the normal and mutant sheep. Thus, no excretory defect comparable to that present in liver was identifiable in the kidney. PMID- 7308990 TI - The HBsAg positive health worker revisited. PMID- 7308991 TI - Dane particle DNA polymerase and HBeAg: impact on clinical, laboratory, and histologic findings in hepatitis B-associated chronic liver disease. AB - Fifty patients with chronic HBs antigenemia and Dane particle-associated DNA polymerase and HBeAg in their serum were contrasted to 46 HBsAg positive patients who had neither serum DNA polymerase or HBeAg. The time from acute onset and the duration of antigenemia were longer in patients who were DNA polymerase and HBeAg negative than in those who had both serum markers. Cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia, and sequelae of chronic liver disease were more common in DNA polymerase, HBeAg negative patients than in those who were positive. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that active viral replication is an early, albeit prolonged stage in the development of advanced HBsAg-associated liver disease. PMID- 7308992 TI - Delayed HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B viral infection. AB - Seven patients are described in whom HBsAg persisted for 13 to 98 months after acute viral hepatitis B and then became nondetectable. All patients subsequently developed anti-HBs. During the period of HBs-antigenemia, liver biopsies in five patients showed persistent viral hepatitis. Retrospectively, impending negativity of HBsAg was predictable in five patients by a decrease in HBsAg titer, and in four patients by persistent normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase. Although delayed clearance of HBsAg in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection is uncommon, it appears to be predictable. PMID- 7308993 TI - Effect of ethanol on the synthesis and secretion of hepatic secretory glycoproteins and albumin. AB - The effects of ethanol on the synthesis and secretion of serum glycoproteins and albumin, a nonglycosylated protein, were studied in rat liver slices. Serum glycoproteins and albumin were determined by immunoprecipitation from either the incubation medium or from the washed slices. When ethanol (10 mM) was present in the incubation medium, [14C]glucosamine incorporation in secretory glycoproteins was decreased. This inhibitory effect was, however, much greater in the secretory proteins released into the medium than in those retained in the liver slices. Similar inhibitions by ethanol were also observed when leucine or valine were used as a label for either total export proteins or albumin. Since ethanol impaired protein synthesis, and inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, was used so that both the control and ethanol-treated slices had identical pools of protein acceptors available for glycosylation. When cycloheximide alone was added to the slices, glucosamine radioactivity of secretory glycoproteins was equally reduced in both the medium and the liver. When cycloheximide and ethanol were both present, decreased appearance of glucosamine-labeled proteins in the medium was observed when compared to the slices containing cycloheximide alone; however, radioactivity of secretory glycoproteins retained in the liver was elevated. Ethanol also decreased the appearance of fucose-labeled glycoproteins in the medium without altering fucose incorporation into the total pool of secretory glycoproteins. The effects of ethanol on hepatic protein secretion independent of its effect on synthesis were further determined by prelabeling proteins with either [14C]leucine or [14C]fucose. Ethanol impaired the secretion of these prelabeled proteins into the medium. The results of this study show that ethanol impairs both the synthesis and secretion of secretory glycoproteins and albumin. PMID- 7308994 TI - Physiologic cholestasis II: serum bile acid levels reflect the development of the enterohepatic circulation in rats. AB - We have shown that serum bile acid concentrations are elevated in human infants reflecting physiologic immaturity of the enterohepatic circulation. To define further the ontogeny of bile acid metabolism in mammals, we examined maturational changes in the serum concentration of total cholate conjugates by radioimmunoassay in fetal, neonatal, suckling, and mature Sprague-Dawley rats. Fetal (21st day) levels were low (1.4 +/- 0.23 microM; X +/- S.E.), possibly due to minimal enterohepatic cycling in utero. The concentrations in samples obtained minutes after birth, prior to suckling were significantly elevated (12.6 +/- 2.37; p less than 0.001 vs. fetal); these high values persisted after feeding was initiated (6 hr = 13.5 +/- 0.99), but fell at 12 hr (5.2 +/- 0.81) and remained unchanged for the duration of the first day. Serum values fluctuated briefly, being 9.6 +/- 0.73 on Day 4, and the rose progressively through the suckling period (Day 10 = 7.2 +/- 9.57; Day 14 = 10.4 +/- 1.70; Day 21 = 16.8 +/- 1.93); there was a dramatic peak after weaning (Day 28 = 21.8 +/- 1.53). The serum concentration of cholate conjugates then fell (5.6 +/- 0.68 on Day 42) to achieve adult levels by 56 days (4.0 +/- 0.55), a value substantially different from that of all developing animals (p less than 0.025). These data corroborate studies which suggest that a period of physiologic cholestasis occurs in the developing rat. Serum cholate conjugate concentrations likely reflect interrelated morphologic alterations (bile canalicular structure and portal blood flow) and physiologic changes (bile acid synthesis, pool size, and transport) occurring in the enterohepatic circulation during early life. PMID- 7308995 TI - Effect of fasting on organic anion uptake by isolated rat liver cells. AB - In order to determine if the delayed clearance of organic anions observed in vivo after fasting can be related to an alteration of cell membrane carriers, kinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) uptake were determined in isolated rat liver cells obtained from 48-hr starved rats. Surprisingly, in fasted rats the existence of two carriers can be directly revealed by classical kinetic plots. The high affinity component, inhibited by Na+-taurocholate, has a Km of 0.5 +/- 0.2 microM and a Vmax of 0.2 +/- 0.1 nmole per min per 10(6) cells; the low-affinity component, which is not sensitive to Na+-taurocholate, has a Km of 21.2 +/- 3.2 microM and a Vmax of 4.8 +/- 0.9 nmoles per min per 10(6) cells. Comparison with control cells shows that fasting does not modify the total capacity of the liver cell membrane carriers to take up BSP. However, alterations in the kinetic parameters of the two uptake components were observed: a 53% decrease in the affinity of the low-affinity component and a 50% reduction in the capacity of the high-affinity uptake. These alterations, together with the observed decrease in hepatic blood flow and/or the increase in BSP efflux from the hepatocytes, could be involved in the delayed clearance of BSP and other anionic compounds occurring in vivo after fasting. PMID- 7308996 TI - Morphologic features of chronic hepatitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis. AB - Histologic, ultrastructural, chemical, and statistical methods were used to study liver biopsy and autopsy specimens from 43 patients who had primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), with or without chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC), and from 19 patients who had CUC without PSC. In all study groups, essentially the same abnormalities were found in the hepatic parenchyma outside the major bile ducts, although nondiagnostic tissue samples were observed also. Specimens from patients with extrahepatic PSC were indistinguishable from those patients with combined extra- and intrahepatic PSC. Common findings included periductal fibrosis and inflammation, portal edema and fibrosis, focal proliferation of bile ducts and ductules, focal bile duct obliteration and loss of bile ducts, copper deposition, and cholestasis. Proliferation of bile ducts in some portal tracts and obliteration or absence of bile duct in others were the most characteristic changes. In most specimens, inflammatory changes appeared mild, yet biliary cirrhosis had developed in 34% of the patients. Specimens from patients with PSC, with or without CUC, more often contained bile and strikingly increased stainable copper (Grades 2 and 3) than did specimens from patients with CUC without PSC. Hepatic copper contents, measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, also were higher in specimens from patients with PSC. Study of PCS specimens by transmission electron microscopy and by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis revealed that most copper was sequestered in lipolysosomes. The recognition of strikingly similar morphologic features in many liver specimens from patients with either PSC or CUC or both suggests that the causes of these conditions are closely related. PMID- 7308998 TI - A peek at the Child-Turcotte classification. PMID- 7308997 TI - Globular hepatic amyloid--an unusual morphologic presentation. AB - Hepatic amyloid, when identified, is usually located in the sinusoids, portal tracts, and arterioles. We report 14 cases of hepatic amyloidosis where eosinophilic globules having the histochemical and electron microscopic features of classic amyloid were found. The globules were round to oval, 5 to 40 micrometer in diameter, and were found within the space of Disse as well as aggregated within the portal tracts. There were no distinctive clinical or laboratory features distinguishing this type of amyloidosis from classic hepatic amyloidosis. However, there were no cases of multiple myeloma and only one of benign monoclonal gammopathy. All seven patients who were studied at postmortem examination had systemic (nonglobular) amyloidosis. This form of hepatic amyloidosis is probably not an early form of the disease but is an original but rare presentation of hepatic amyloid deposition. PMID- 7308999 TI - The interaction between chymotrypsin and horse leucocyte neutral proteinases inhibitor. AB - The inhibition of alpha-chymotrypsin by horse leucocyte neutral proteinases inhibitor was time-dependent with synthetic substrate N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester but not with azo-casein. This time dependence could be used to calculate the rate constant kass for the association of the inhibitor with bovine alpha chymotrypsin (kass = 0.3 X 10(6)M-1 S-1). The inhibitor reacted with chymotrypsin at a molar a ratio of 1 : 1. The dissociation constant Ki = 0.30 X 10(9)M of the complex indicates a very strong interaction between enzyme and inhibitor. PMID- 7309000 TI - The amino acid sequence of a weak trypsin inhibitor B from Dendroaspis Polylepis polylepis (black mamba) venom. AB - The sequence of protein B, a weak trypsin inhibitor from black mamba venom was determined. The sequence differs much from other proteinase inhibitors of snake venom, bovine pancreas, snail and turtle egg. The phylogenetic relationship of B and its homologues, the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz-type group, was investigated. The elapid snake proteins are grouped on a separate branch from the turtle egg - bovine - snail group, the viper inhibitor and the B-chain of beta-bungarotoxin each being a unique position. PMID- 7309001 TI - Liquid-phase synthesis of naturally occurring peptides, I. Syntheses of leucine enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin of a p-alkoxybenzyl-modified soluble support. AB - The liquid-phase synthesis of two pentapeptides corresponding to the amino acid sequence of Leu- and Met-enkephalin is described. Modified monofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) containing a p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol functional group was employed as the soluble polymeric support. Cleavage of the peptides from the polymer, as well as the removal of protecting groups, was achieved with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature. The free peptides were purified by column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, and were identical in both physical and biological characteristics with reference material. The results showed that the proposed support is effective for a mild cleavage of peptides from the soluble polymer during liquid-phase synthesis. PMID- 7309002 TI - Liquid-phase synthesis of naturally occurring peptides, II. Syntheses of three mast cell degranulating tetradecapeptide amides from wasp venoms. AB - The liquid-phase synthesis of three tetradecapeptideamides corresponding to the amino acid sequences of the wasp venoms mastoparan, mastoparan X, and Polistes mastoparan is described. The 4-(aminomethyl)-3-nitrobenzoyl-amino-poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether was employed as the soluble support, and the completed peptideamides were cleaved from it by photolysis at 350 nm. After removal of protecting groups, the free peptide amides were purified by column chromatography on Sephadex G-25, and found to have expected elemental and amino acid composition; a satisfactory recovery of tryptophan from synthetic Mastoparan X and Polistes Mastoparan suggests that no extensive destruction of its indole ring occurred during the photolysis. The peptideamides so obtained are active in degranulating the rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 7309003 TI - The primary structure of the beta I- and beta II-chains of yak hemoglobins (Bovidae). AB - The amino acid sequences of the beta I- and beta II-chains of yak hemoglobins have been determined. The two chains differ by four amino acid residues. The sequences are compared with the two beta-chains of bovine hemoglobins. The oxygen affinity of yak hemoglobin vis-a-vis the primary structure of the beta-chains is discussed. PMID- 7309004 TI - Localisation of the prosthetic sugar groups of bovine colostrum kappa-casein. AB - The study of glycopeptides obtained after enzymic digestions of bovine colostrum kappa-caseinoglycopeptide obtained 15 minutes after calving, demonstrated the presence of two prosthetic sugar groups linked to threonine residues, instead of only one and up to 10 in the case of bovine (normal) and human caseinoglycopeptides, respectively. The secondary structure of bovine kappa caseinoglycopeptide was reinvestigated. PMID- 7309005 TI - The primary structure of adult hemoglobin of musk shrew (Suncus murinus). AB - An alpha chain and two beta chains beta I and beta II) were obtained from adult hemoglobin of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus) by CM-cellulose column chromatography. The S-carboxymethylated alpha chain and the S-aminoethylated beta chains were each digested with trypsin and the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides obtained were established. The ordering of these peptides in the alpha and beta chains was deduced from their homology with the primary structures of the alpha and beta chains of human adult hemoglobin. The sequence of the alpha chain thus determined indicated to be heterogeneous at the 15th position from the N-terminus. On the other hand, comparing the primary structure of beta I chain with that of beta II chain, 4 amino acid exchanges were recognized. Further, the primary structures of the alpha and beta chains of musk shrew hemoglobin were compared with those of alpha and beta chains of human and European hedgehog hemoglobins. PMID- 7309006 TI - Studies on the properties of phospholipase A1 in liver lysosomes of chloroquine treated rats. AB - The influence of chloroquine on phospholipase A1 (acid pH optimum) activity was studied in subcellular fractions of rat liver after intraperitoneal application of the drug for 9, 12 and 21 days. In comparison with other cell fractions lysosomes of treated rats contained the highest enzyme activity with a pH optimum of 4.0. The activity of phospholipase A1 in lysosomes showed a direct relationship to the number of days of chloroquine treatment. The effects of the incubation time, Ca2+, Hg2+, enzyme and substrate concentration on phospholipase A1 activity were studied. PMID- 7309007 TI - Phagocytosis of sialidase-treated rat erythrocytes: evidence for a two-step mechanism. AB - Binding and phagocytosis of rat erythrocytes by liver and peritoneal macrophages were studied with a radioactive in vitro assay which yields quantitative data. Partial removal of sialic acids from the erythrocytes by Vibrio cholerae sialidase resulted in a marked increase of binding of the red cells by both liver and unstimulated peritoneal macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated by thioglycolate or starch, however, did not differentiate between control and desialylated erythrocytes. By inhibition experiments it was confirmed that rat peritoneal macrophages bind homologous sialidase-treated erythrocytes via a beta D-galactose-specific lectin on the macrophage surface. While this attachment already occurs in buffer, serum was required for the subsequent phagocytosis. The possible involvement of factors of the complement system in the phagocytosis step was evidenced by a marked decrease of phagocytosis after heat inactivation of the serum. Based on these experiments, we propose a model of a two-step mechanism for the uptake of sialidase-treated erythrocytes by macrophages, comprising both the lectin and a receptor for serum components. PMID- 7309009 TI - Knife-throwing incident brings sergeant to army psychiatrist. PMID- 7309008 TI - Purification and some properties of a proteinase inhibitor (DE-1) from Peltophorum africanum (weeping wattle) seed. AB - A proteinase inhibitor (DE-1) from the seed of Peltophorum africanum (Weeping wattle) was purified by chromatographic procedures involving Sephadex G-50, DEAE cellulose and DEAE-Sepharose. It comprises 162 amino acid residues (molecular mass 18 000 Da) including 4 half-cystine residues and resembles the Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors. The N-terminal primary structure of DE-1 showed homology with Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor and also with the proteinase inhibitors from Albizzia julibrissin and Erythrina latissima seeds. The inhibitor stoichiometrically inhibited trypsin and also alpha-chymotrypsin in the molar ratio of 1:1 and represents, therefore, a Kunitz-type double-headed proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 7309010 TI - The logic and urgency of primary prevention. PMID- 7309012 TI - Measuring chronic schizophrenic patients attitudes toward their illness and treatment. AB - The right to refuse medication is a legal right now being extended by federal courts to many voluntary and involuntary mental patients. However, little is known of the insight that chronically ill mental patients bring to the decision of whether or not to accept prescribed medication. In this study, the authors interviewed 45 chronic schizophrenic inpatients to determine their understanding of their illness, need for admission, and need for medication and other treatment. Only 13 per cent understood they were mentally ill, and only 27 per cent of the patients understood that they needed medication. The findings suggest that many chronically mentally ill patients lack sufficient insight into their condition to make sound judgments about medication and treatment. Moreover, even those patients who improved with medication did not improve in their insight into their need for treatment. PMID- 7309011 TI - Problems with family therapy in a community mental health center. AB - Family therapy is commonly practiced at most community health centers in this country. Nevertheless, mental health center policies and procedures are often antithetical to family therapy and may seriously impede its conduct. Structural division of services into adult and child programs and a forced individual orientation in referral, diagnosis, treatment, and recordkeeping are major hindrances to the family therapist. Family therapists' collaborative efforts with clinic staff, administrators, and referral sources can help strengthen family systems orientation. PMID- 7309013 TI - Pragmatic issues in design and implementation of a psychotherapy outcome study. AB - Studies of the outcome of psychotherapy are becoming an important part of health policy development, cost control, and program evaluation. The authors describe steps in the design and implementation of an outcome study, including the selection of measurement instruments, the role of human subject review boards, the cost of the study and the desirability of computerization, the time frame for collecting data, and methods of keeping track of the data. They emphasize the importance of staff cooperation and discuss ways it can be fostered. They also stress the need for periodic reviews and identify issues that should be addressed in such reviews to keep the study on course. PMID- 7309014 TI - A psychogeriatric nursing home resocialization program. AB - The institutional atmosphere and programming of a nursing home can often engender a downward spiral of increasing dependence and learned helplessness in its elderly residents. Elderly patients with chronic medical complaints combined with psychiatric and management problems are especially susceptible. An intermediate and skilled-care nursing home began a special program in 1974 to deal with these patients. The program features problem-oriented rather than diagnosis-oriented recordkeeping and the use of a multidisciplinary therapeutic team to treat problem residents. Over the first four years of the program, behavior problems of many residents were resolved, and many of the original residents admitted to the program were released, some into independent community living. Case studies highlight the type of patients successfully handled in the program. PMID- 7309015 TI - A model for training schizophrenics and families to communicate more effectively. PMID- 7309016 TI - Patient participation in facility management at a VA psychiatric hospital. PMID- 7309017 TI - Simulation of the island model of population structure under conditions of population growth. PMID- 7309019 TI - Alterations in feeding patterns and rates of weight gain in South Yorkshire infants, 1971-1977. PMID- 7309018 TI - Maternal stature, fertility and infant mortality. PMID- 7309020 TI - Anatomical distribution of subcutaneous fat: skinfold site choice and construction of indices. PMID- 7309021 TI - The effects of body size on sexual dimorphism in fatness, volume and muscularity. PMID- 7309022 TI - Relationship of brain weight to head circumference in early infancy. PMID- 7309023 TI - New considerations on the distribution of malaria, thalassemia, and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Sardinia. PMID- 7309024 TI - Increase of diaphysial transverse lines in the first metatarsal bones of Japanese of advanced age. PMID- 7309025 TI - Constant median body mass index of Danish young men, 1943-1977. PMID- 7309026 TI - ABO blood group associations with cardiovascular risk factor variables. I. Serum lipids and lipoproteins. The Bogalusa heart study. PMID- 7309027 TI - Kinship dependence and contraceptive use among Navajo women. PMID- 7309028 TI - Genetic determinants of blood pressure level among the Black Caribs of St. Vincent. PMID- 7309029 TI - Germ cell tumors in man, pleiotropic mice, and continuity of germplasm and somatoplasm. PMID- 7309030 TI - Systemic mastocytosis associated with generalized osteopenia. Histopathological characterization of the skeletal lesion using undecalcified bone from two patients. AB - Although mast cell proliferation in the bone marrow frequently occurs in systemic mastocytosis and is often associated with radiographically detectable bone lesions, the pathologic correlates of the skeletal abnormalities are poorly characterized. We therefore examined three nondecalcified transiliac crest biopsy specimens from two patients with systemic mastocytosis and diffuse osteopenia with vertebral crush fractures. Marrow involvement included unusual mast cell aggregates, as revealed by metachromatic staining, that mimicked granulomas. Histomorphometric analysis or trabecular bone revealed accelerated bone remodeling or "turn over" characterized by osteoidosis, peritrabecular fibrosis, increased numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and an increase in osteoclastic resorbing surfaces. Our observations and review of the literature suggest that with the recent development of techniques for assessing undecalcified bone biopsy specimens, mastocytosis will probably be shown to be a more common etiology in "osteoporosis" than previously recognized. Metachromatic staining of the biopsy specimen should be a routine procedure in the investigation of any patient who undergoes diagnostic bone biopsy. PMID- 7309031 TI - Pseudosarcoid granulomas in Hodgkin's disease. AB - The sarcoid-like granulomas encountered in lymph nodes, spleens, and hepatic biopsy specimens removed from patients being "staged" in the course of Hodgkin's disease and, in lower incidence, in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas may, at least in part, be due to reactions to the oily radiographic contrast medium used in lymphangiography. They are seen more often following lymphangiography than when no contrast medium is used. The granulomas in patients who have not undergone lymphangiographic procedures are attributed to the many agents inciting pseudosarcoid lesions. It is speculated that the granulomas seen in Hodgkin's disease after lymphangiography may be the result of a combination of lipogranulomatous reaction and the effects of an immune adjuvant. PMID- 7309034 TI - Endometrioid carcinoma arising from endometriosis of the sigmoid colon: a case report. AB - A case of endometrioid carcinoma arising from endometriosis of the sigmoid colon is reported. The histogenesis of the endometriosis in this patient was thought to be artificial secondary implantation of the endometrial tissue into the invaded wall of the sigmoid colon from the ovarian endometriosis during an operative procedure. PMID- 7309035 TI - Amyloidosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A 59 year old man with systemic lupus erythematosus developed proteinuria and renal insufficiency. Renal biopsy revealed both crescentic glomerulonephritis and amyloid in glomeruli and blood vessels. The amyloid was characterized as secondary because of its sensitivity to potassium permanganate pretreatment of Congo red stained sections. Amyloidosis is very uncommon in systemic lupus erythematosus but may be a cause of steroid unresponsive proteinuria and renal insufficiency. PMID- 7309033 TI - Unusual giant cell tumor arising in a male breast. AB - An unusual giant cell tumor of the breast of a 72 year old man is reported. The microscopic and ultrastructural features of the tumor are presented in detail. Unusual and previously unreported myofibroblastic an myoepithelial differentiation of the spindle cell component is described. The possible histogenesis of the tumor is discussed. PMID- 7309032 TI - Trabecular carcinoma of the skin: a case report. AB - A case of trabecular carcinoma of the skin in a 62 year old Caucasian male is reported. The lesions occurred on the face, ear, chest, abdominal wall, and the upper extremity over a period of four years. At the light microscopic level the lesions were confused with metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and adult neuroblastoma. Ultrastructural study revealed the presence of not only neurosecretory granules but also premelanosomes in the tumor cells. PMID- 7309036 TI - Ultrastructural abnormalities of the liver in total lipodystrophy. AB - The morphology of the liver of a child with total lipodystrophy is presented. Prominent changes include fat deposition, aberrant mitochondrial forms, and an apparent increase in peroxisomes with aberrant morphology. (The latter lack terminal plates and instead have dense matrix granules.) Increased collagen formation is noted; a potential relationship between the increased and aberrant peroxisomes and abnormal lipid metabolism is suggested. PMID- 7309037 TI - Massive pleural effusion and hypoplasia of the lung accompanying extralobar pulmonary sequestration. PMID- 7309038 TI - Ontogeny of human lymphocyte function. PMID- 7309039 TI - MHC restriction of anti-viral immunity. PMID- 7309041 TI - Growth of anchorage dependent mammalian cells on glycine-derivatized polystyrene in suspension culture. AB - Glycine-derivatized polystyrene beads were prepared and used as microcarriers to grow normal cells of human embryonic kidney, rhesus monkey kidney, an human foreskin fibroblasts in suspension cultures. Growth of the cells on polystyrene beads derivatized with other amino acids, peptides, and carboxylic acids also was investigated. PMID- 7309043 TI - Nomenclature and classification (cardiomyopathies). PMID- 7309042 TI - Mouse liver cell culture. II. Primary culture. AB - Mouse hepatocytes in primary culture were characterized. Hepatocytes were isolated by the two-step hepatic portal vein perfusion method described previously. An optimal cell attachment of 43% was noted after 2 h incubation in 10% fetal bovine serum. Minimal attachment (less than 7%) occurred in serumless medium. Serum concentrations above 10% and attachment durations greater that 2 h resulted in no increased attachment of viable cells. Nonviable cells, however, progressively attached when both of these parameters were increased. Survival data of the cells in culture resembled those reported for rat hepatocytes in primary culture. A progressive decrease in survival was noted following initial attachment until only approximately 15% of initially plated cells remained viable and attached after 8 d culture. The decrease in survival was accompanied by morphologic changes including flattening and elongation of the cells, some multinucleation, and disruption of monolayer groups. PMID- 7309040 TI - Effects of plating density and age in culture on growth and cell division of neonatal rat heart primary cultures. PMID- 7309044 TI - Clinical features of cardiomyopathies. PMID- 7309045 TI - Investigative approach to nonobstructive cardiomyopathies. PMID- 7309046 TI - Endomyocardial fibrosis in Kerala State. PMID- 7309047 TI - Cardiomyopathy in children with Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7309048 TI - Electrophysiological studies and cardioactive drugs. PMID- 7309050 TI - A-V bypass tracts (WPW). electrophysiologic assessment & therapeutic consideration. PMID- 7309049 TI - Sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7309051 TI - Value of His bundle electrocardiography in arrhythmias. PMID- 7309052 TI - His bundle electrocardiography. Atrioventricular conduction disorders. PMID- 7309053 TI - Reentrant tachycardias. PMID- 7309054 TI - Wide QRS tachycardias. PMID- 7309055 TI - Chronic intraventricular conduction defects. PMID- 7309056 TI - Newer antiarrhythmic drugs. An electrophysiologic appreciation. PMID- 7309058 TI - Pacing in cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 7309057 TI - Cardiac pacing--an overview. PMID- 7309059 TI - Evaluation of mitral stenosis by echocardiography - "M" mode. PMID- 7309060 TI - Echocardiographic features of non-rheumatic mitral insufficiency. PMID- 7309061 TI - Echocardiography in aortic stenosis. Its value in diagnosis and assessment of severity. PMID- 7309062 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function. PMID- 7309063 TI - Myocardial scar. An echocardiographic evaluation. PMID- 7309064 TI - Echocardiography in diagnosis of heart disease in the neonates. PMID- 7309065 TI - M-mode echocardiography in congenital cyanotic heart diseases. PMID- 7309066 TI - Pitfalls in echocardiography. PMID- 7309067 TI - Two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7309068 TI - Apexcardiography. PMID- 7309070 TI - Vectorcardiography in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 7309069 TI - Impedance plethysmography. PMID- 7309071 TI - Value of predisposing factors in ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 7309072 TI - Current concepts of pathophysiology of angina. PMID- 7309073 TI - Clinical profile of angina. PMID- 7309074 TI - Utility of stress testing in angina. PMID- 7309076 TI - Coronary arteriography in angina. PMID- 7309075 TI - Haemodynamics of angina pectoris. PMID- 7309077 TI - Studies of PHA lectin as obtained on two different affinity systems. PMID- 7309078 TI - Conformational studies of cathepsin B: interaction with specific antibodies. PMID- 7309079 TI - Immobilized starch phosphorylase from mature banana (Musa paradisiaca) leaves. PMID- 7309080 TI - Effect of liposome-entrapped 5-fluorouracil on Ehrlich ascites tumour bearing mice. PMID- 7309081 TI - Preparation & biological activity of fatty acid dimer. PMID- 7309082 TI - Hepatic glucose metabolism in tryptophan-induced fatty liver. PMID- 7309083 TI - Changes in myocardial & aortic lipids, lipolytic activity & fecal excretion of sterols & bile acids in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. PMID- 7309084 TI - Thiamine & metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in rats fed cholesterol-free & cholesterol-containing diet. PMID- 7309085 TI - Transformation of (+/-) flavanone by Gibberella fujikuroi. PMID- 7309086 TI - Affinity chromatography technique for purification of glutamate dehydrogenase of axenically-grown Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. PMID- 7309087 TI - Glucose transport in presence of bile salts. PMID- 7309088 TI - Thermal transition of DNA in presence of aromatic polycationic ionen. PMID- 7309089 TI - Interconversion of vitamin A1 & A2 in freshwater fish. PMID- 7309090 TI - Correlation of toxicity & pyretogenic activity of lysergamides with van der Waals volume. PMID- 7309091 TI - Bacto-arga--a binding matrix for purification of a lectin from Butea monosperma (Lam) Kuntze. PMID- 7309092 TI - Resolution of microheterogeneity in rat liver acid phosphatase using immobilised sialic acid binding lectin. PMID- 7309093 TI - Thermodynamic stability of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes from guinea pig & rabbit. PMID- 7309094 TI - Purification & characterisation of mouse testicular beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. PMID- 7309095 TI - Variation in transfer ribonucleic acid population in liver of young, adult & old female albino rats. PMID- 7309097 TI - Studies on plant gums: Part VIII--Isolation & characterization of a high molecular weight glycoprotein from neem (Azadirachta indica) gum. PMID- 7309096 TI - Solubilization of sucrase & alkaline phosphatase from microvillus membrane of guinea pig intestine using papain & detergents. PMID- 7309098 TI - Network thermodynamic analysis of enzyme-catalysed reactions. PMID- 7309099 TI - Possible role of aminoacetonitrile as condensing agent in chemical evolution. PMID- 7309100 TI - Studies on invertebrate collagens: nature & significance of the compositional changes in the collagen of the outer & inner walls of the mantle of Sepia officinalis. PMID- 7309101 TI - Effect of bioflavonoids on the mechanical & thermal properties of skin & tendon. PMID- 7309102 TI - Studies on heterocyclic compounds: Part I--Thiazole esters as anticholinergics. PMID- 7309103 TI - Interaction of riboflavin-5'-phosphate with poly-(alpha-L-lysine) & poly-(alpha-L histidine) in aqueous medium. PMID- 7309104 TI - Interaction of riboflavin-5'-monophosphate with human serum albumin. PMID- 7309105 TI - Action spectrum of chlorophyll formation in greening organs of Cucumis utilissimus & Phaseolus aureus. PMID- 7309106 TI - General ultrastructure and electron histochemistry of melanin synthesising organelles in melanoma. PMID- 7309107 TI - Multiple primary cancers. PMID- 7309108 TI - Gastro intestinal lymphomas: a retrospective analysis. PMID- 7309109 TI - Mammary duct ectasia. PMID- 7309110 TI - Angiography in bone, soft tissue and internal organ tumours--Part I. PMID- 7309111 TI - Evaluation of contrast radiography in nasopharyngeal malignancy. PMID- 7309112 TI - A technique for safe pancreatico jejunal anastomosis after pancreatico duodenectomy. PMID- 7309113 TI - "Primary mediastinal seminoma". PMID- 7309114 TI - Chordoma presenting in the gluteal region in the child. Report of a rare case. PMID- 7309115 TI - Unilateral gonadoblastoma with dysgerminoma in a normal fertile woman--review and report of a case. PMID- 7309116 TI - Paratesticular tumour (fibroma). PMID- 7309117 TI - Plasmacytoma of the testis. PMID- 7309118 TI - Geographical variations in cancer incidence in two urban populations in India. PMID- 7309119 TI - LDH isoenzyme studies in brain tumours. PMID- 7309120 TI - Resources necessary for the efficient operation of a population-based cancer registry. PMID- 7309121 TI - Synthesis of some substituted pyrimidines as possible anti-cancer agents. PMID- 7309122 TI - Clinical significance of hepatic isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase LDH in the differential diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. PMID- 7309124 TI - A clinico-pathological study of carcinoma of the gall bladder. PMID- 7309125 TI - Tumours of the mucosa of the ethmoid in pigs. PMID- 7309123 TI - An ultrastructural study of mouse lung treated with isoniazid (INH) and its anti toxicants. PMID- 7309126 TI - Angiography in bone, soft tissue and internal organ tumours, Part--II. PMID- 7309127 TI - Transcatheter therapeutic arterial embolization of renal tumours. PMID- 7309128 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis with associated tuberculosis of the kidney. PMID- 7309129 TI - Undifferentiated intestinal lymphocytic lymphoma (Burkitt's type)--a case report. PMID- 7309130 TI - Natural anti-lymphoma activity in C57BL/6 mice: time course of appearance and nature of cytotoxic antibodies. AB - A survey of the appearance of natural antibodies in C57BL/6 mice, measured by a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test against syngeneic radiation leukemia virus induced lymphoma, was performed. Activity could be detected in sera from 5- to 14 month-old animals. This activity could be attributed mainly to IgM antibodies until the age of 10 months, whereas an increasing level of IgG-like antibodies was demonstrated in sera from 12-month-old mice. PMID- 7309131 TI - Involvement of membrane-associated sialic acid in the resistance of sheep erythrocytes to lysis by mouse complement. AB - The sensitivity of the murine complement system to regulation by membrane associated sialic acid was investigated. Therefore the C-mediated lysis of sialic acid-rich sheep erythrocytes, sialic acid-poor rabbit erythrocytes and enzymatically desialylated sheep erythrocytes was studied. Mouse complement differed from human and guinea pig complement in that besides the alternative, also the classical pathway appeared sensitive to regulation by surface sialic acid. The possible reaction mechanisms behind the selective sensitivity of the murine classical pathway to membrane-linked sialic acid are discussed and will be subject of further study. PMID- 7309132 TI - Induction of experimental autoimmune diabetes by low-dose streptozotocin treatment in genetically resistant mice. AB - We have studied the effect of suppressor cell elimination on the induction of experimental autoimmune diabetes in mouse strains which are normally low or intermediate responders to multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment. BALB/c (low responder) and C57BL/6J (intermediate responder) mice received 70 mg cyclophosphamide/kg, 1 or 6 days before the onset of streptozotocin injections. Following cyclophosphamide treatment, BALB/c mice become susceptible to the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin. Similarly the manifestation of diabetes in C57BL/6J mice is enhanced. Thus in both strains immunomodulation by cyclophosphamide treatment significantly increases the susceptibility towards the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin. We therefore conclude that in mice of strains BALB/c and C57Bl/6J suppressor cells control the level of resistance towards the induction of experimental autoimmune diabetes by low-dose streptozotocin treatment. PMID- 7309133 TI - Specificity of deoxycytidylate antibodies. AB - Antibodies to deoxycytidylate (dpC) were elicited in rabbits using a thyroglobulin (Tg) conjugate of dpC. The specificity of the antibodies was determined by measuring the inhibition of the binding of [3H]dpC to the antibodies by various non-radioactive nucleotides or derivatives. The antibodies were found to distinguish dpC from pC and DNA from RNA, probably due to their specificity for the conformation of the deoxycytidylate. PMID- 7309135 TI - Leprosy-a new classification proposed. PMID- 7309134 TI - Role of trace metals in skin pigmentation under drug and hormones; part II: copper. PMID- 7309136 TI - Transmission of scabies from goats to human subjects. PMID- 7309137 TI - Effect of vasectomy on the epididymis of a non-scrotal mammal Suncus murinus L. PMID- 7309138 TI - Effect of exogenous testosterone, estradiol & progesterone on oxidative & glycolytic metabolism of buffalo spermatozoa. PMID- 7309139 TI - Hyperglycemia induced testicular dysfunction after chronic administration of Balanites roxburghii planch fruit pulp extract in dogs Canis indicus L. PMID- 7309140 TI - Intestinal absorption of sugars in hypoinsulinism. PMID- 7309141 TI - Hexaxial reference system for frontal plane cardiac vectors in buffaloes Bubalus bubalis. PMID- 7309142 TI - Critical evaluation of the validity of contralateral muscle as the control in denervation studies: a correlative histochemical & biochemical study. PMID- 7309143 TI - Synergistic action of testosterone propionate & oestradiol benzoate on male genitalia in the Indian gerbil Tatera indica indica. PMID- 7309144 TI - Antispermatogenic effect of Ocimum sanctum. PMID- 7309145 TI - Modulation of natural cytotoxicity by alloantibodies: part II--Effect of anti HLA antisera on the natural killer activity of human peripheral blood leukocytes against a human & a murine cell line. PMID- 7309146 TI - Cytotoxic effect of onion extract on mouse fibrosarcoma 180 A cells. PMID- 7309147 TI - Role of testosterone propionate on spermatogenesis following chronic nicotine administration in immature rats. PMID- 7309148 TI - Preparation & cytochemical properties of Schiff-type dye-SO2 reagents: role of UV rays. PMID- 7309149 TI - Anticonvulsant & MAO inhibitory activity of substituted quinazolones. PMID- 7309150 TI - A comparative study of avian & ovine radioimmunoassay systems for estimation of serum luteinizing hormone in domestic hens. PMID- 7309151 TI - Effect of norethindrone acetate on glycogen & phosphorylase of adult rat testes & epididymis. PMID- 7309152 TI - Reserpine induced changes in pituitary prolactin of the female Indian koel Eudynamys scolopacea scolopacea (L). PMID- 7309153 TI - Turbidimetric assay of ampicillin using Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P). PMID- 7309154 TI - Responses of a free-living population of Rattus rattus (Linn.) towards poisoned baits & new food. PMID- 7309155 TI - Mitochondrial uptake of thyroid hormone in liver & heart of normothermic & hypothermic rats. PMID- 7309156 TI - Studies on protein-bound polysaccharide components & glycosaminoglycans in experimental diabetes--effect of Gymnema sylvestre, R.Br. PMID- 7309157 TI - Pharmacological properties of Go. 7996B (Varsyl). PMID- 7309158 TI - Inhibin in human placenta. PMID- 7309159 TI - Method of chromosomal studies in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7309160 TI - Ancylostoma caninum: immunization through transfer of sensitized lymphoid cells & their effect on the expulsion and/or destruction of worm burden in Swiss albino mice. PMID- 7309161 TI - Voltage & time dependent electromigratory pattern of soluble proteins & succinate dehydrogenase in sheep medulla oblongata. PMID- 7309162 TI - Salinity induced changes in the activities of aspartate & alanine amino transferases & glutamate dehydrogenase in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) leaves. PMID- 7309163 TI - Coronary ligation in rabbits; an experimental model for ischaemia induced heart block. PMID- 7309164 TI - Effect of perhexilene on 86Rb uptake in experimental myocardial infarction. PMID- 7309165 TI - Absorption, distribution & excretion of centperazine in male rats. PMID- 7309167 TI - Movements of Rattus rattus in an artificial environment. PMID- 7309168 TI - Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity by non-cytotoxic (inert) lymphocytes. PMID- 7309166 TI - Cholesterol lowering action of vitamin P-like compounds in rats. PMID- 7309169 TI - Catabolite repression-inactivation of malate dehydrogenase in Candida kefyr. PMID- 7309170 TI - Effect of Liv-52 on membrane lipids in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. PMID- 7309171 TI - Involvement of GABA-aminergic system in endocrine regulation of prolactin. PMID- 7309172 TI - Effect of local application of guanethidine to epididymis on fertility in rats. PMID- 7309173 TI - A preliminary report on tissue pressure in ischaemic primate brain. PMID- 7309174 TI - Procoagulant activity of cerebrospinal fluid in health and disease. PMID- 7309175 TI - Voluntary muscular contraction with reference to agricultural tasks. PMID- 7309176 TI - Study of some physiological and biochemical parameters in subjects undergoing yogic training. PMID- 7309177 TI - Distribution kinetics of 3H--labeled p-phenylene diamine--a hair dye. PMID- 7309178 TI - Haemagglutination inhibition antibodies against influenza virus in bats. PMID- 7309180 TI - Comparative evaluation of selective media for isolation of salmonellae/shigellae from faecal samples. PMID- 7309179 TI - Investigation of the 1975 dengue epidemic in Amalner town of Maharashtra. PMID- 7309181 TI - Evaluation of methoprene (a juvenile hormone) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. PMID- 7309182 TI - Transferable drug resistance in Proteus species. PMID- 7309183 TI - EFfect of metabolic inhibitors on in vitro intracellular development and invasion of Plasmodium knowlesi. PMID- 7309184 TI - Comparative cervical cytology in women using different types of copper IUDs. PMID- 7309185 TI - Unlikely role of tryptophan metabolites in glucose tolerance and gluconeogenesis in oral contraceptive and pyridoxine treated rats. PMID- 7309186 TI - Neonatal risks in postdate pregnancy. PMID- 7309187 TI - Incidence of emphysema in Bombay. PMID- 7309188 TI - Cholesterol content of lipoproteins of different densities in ocular arteriosclerosis. PMID- 7309189 TI - Urinary protein excretion in normal Indian subjects. PMID- 7309190 TI - Pattern and extent of drug intake during pregnancy in Indian women. PMID- 7309192 TI - Evaluation of biocompatibility of polymers for the development of peritoneal dialysis catheter. PMID- 7309191 TI - Impact of alternative method of teaching and continuing education on treatment of illnesses and usage of drugs by community health volunteers. PMID- 7309193 TI - Creatinine metabolism in pre-eclamptic toxemia. PMID- 7309194 TI - Serum proteins and peripheral blood lymphocytes in experimental protein malnutrition. PMID- 7309195 TI - Contaminant iron in foods and its bioavailability predicted by in vitro methods. PMID- 7309196 TI - Prevalence of glossitis and angular stomatitis in urban women from low income group. PMID- 7309197 TI - Use of anthropometric measurements in the estimation of muscle mass in preschool children. PMID- 7309198 TI - The growth pattern of waist, pelvic and hip measurements during adolescence. PMID- 7309199 TI - Serum IgE levels in children with wheezy bronchitis and their first degree relations. PMID- 7309201 TI - Effect of thyroxin on the transport and metabolic functions of the small intestine in albino rats. PMID- 7309200 TI - Isolation and purification of anti-aortic antibodies from rabbit serum. PMID- 7309202 TI - The optimal dose of pentagastrin to elicit maximal acid response in Indians. PMID- 7309203 TI - Effect of various types of jaundice on the digestive and absorptive functions of rat intestine. PMID- 7309204 TI - Vasopressin release does not contribute to pressor action of enkephalin in SHR. AB - The effects of injection of a peptidase-resistant analog of methionine enkephalin, [D-ala2]-methionine-enkephalin, on blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and vasopressin release were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Intravenous injection of [D-Ala2]-methionine-enkephalin (DAME) increased BP in both SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls, with a significantly greater increase in hypertensive rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of DAME produced a biphasic increase in BP and an increase in heart rate in both groups. The initial pressor effect was significantly greater in the SHR, Plasma vasopressin levels in SHR were depressed relative to both untreated hypertensive rats and animals given vehicle control injections. Intravenous pretreatment with a vasopressin vasopressor antagonist, [l-(beta-mercapto-beta-beta cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid),2-(O-methyl)tyrosine] arginine-vasopressin, did not block either component of the central enkephalin response in hypertensive rats. These date indicate that central enkephalin injection does not release vasopressin and that SHR are hyperresponsive to enkephalin. It is concluded that pressor systems other than that of vasopressin mediate the enkephalin-induced cardiovascular effects. PMID- 7309205 TI - Is vasopressin an important hypertensive hormone? AB - To generate quantitative data relating to the potential hypertensive activity of arginine vasopressin (AVP), 140 and 560 microunits AVP/kg/min were infused chronically in both normotensive dogs and dogs made hypertensive by chronic infusion of either angiotensin II (AII) or aldosterone. The lower rate of AVP infusion increased plasma AVP concentration from 0.4 +/- 0.1 microunits/ml. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded 24 hours per day, and all dogs were infused continuously with 800 ml of isotonic saline per day. During the initial days of AVP infusion in normotensive dogs, natriuresis, kaliuresis, and water retention were prominent and MAP increased progressively to a peak on Day 6 (30 mm Hg above control). Subsequently, diuresis ensued, net water retention decreased, and MAP fell progressively to only 13 mm Hg above control by Day 12 of AVP infusion. In contrast, in AII or aldosterone hypertensive dogs during AVP infusion, the natriuresis was greatly attenuated, water balance was unchanged or even negative, and MAP either did not increase or increased only transiently. When AVP infusion was terminated in dogs given only AVP, diuresis occurred, and MAP fell gradually over a period of hours to hypertensive levels. In marked contrast, cessation of AVP infusion in dogs with either AII or aldosterone hypertension was associated with a precipitous fall in MAP of 35 to 40 mm Hg within 1 hour: however, this reduction was only transient - over the subsequent hours, both salt and water retention occurred, and MAP returned to previous hypertensive levels. Thus, in the hypertensive models studied, high plasma levels of AVP had relatively weak hypertensive effects. Although variations in plasma AVP concentration were associated with rather pronounced acute effects on MAP, the long-term changes in MAP produced by AVP were either minimal or, in the case of the animals made hypertensive by other agents, nonexistent. PMID- 7309206 TI - Exaggerated sympathetic responses to bradykinin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Possible defects in blood pressure (BP) regulation were studied by recording responses to centrally-administered bradykinin. Pressor effects accompanied by increased sympathetic nerve activity were elicited by intracerebroventricular injections in intact rats, but significant differences between Kyoto-Wistar normotensive (KNR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were not detected. By contrast, intracarotid injections into cross-perfused head preparations consistently produced more prominent systemic effects in SHR than in KNR, and these differences became even more pronounced following carotid denervation. After destruction of central noradrenergic neurons in KNR by intracerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), responses to bradykinin became the same as those in SHR. These results are in accord with the interpretation that alpha-adrenergic mechanisms for blood pressure regulation in supramedullary brain areas no longer function normally in SHR and that a similar dysfunction can be induced in KNR by pretreatment with 6-OHDA. PMID- 7309207 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in human hypertension. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was measured in 22 normotensive (NT), 31 essential hypertensive (EH), and 11 renal hypertensive (RH) patients. Although no differences were observed in their plasma DBH, the mean CSF-DBH activity and specific activity of EH were significantly lower than those of NT and RH patients. Very low CSF-DBH (less than 0.15 units/ml of CFS or less than 0.5 units/mg of CSF protein) was found only in EH (26% of EH). Of the 31 EH patients, 19(60%) had CSF-DHB activities lower than 0.5 units/ml, whereas only 5 of 22 NT (23%) and no RH fell within this range. Nevertheless, 20% of EH, 55% of NT, and 40% of RH patients had CSF-DBH activities above the mean value for NT (less than 0.9 units/ml). NT subjects with very low plasma DBH (less than 50 units/ml) had CSF-DBH activities that fell within normal range. With the exception of these subjects, the specific activity of CSF-DBH was always lower than that of the plasma enzyme. The concentration of albumin, alpha 1, beta, and gamma globulins was measured in plasma and CSF obtained from the last five NT, four EH, and two RH patients. A positive linear relationship was obtained when the log of the plasma/CSF concentration ratio for these proteins was plotted against their molecular weight. Similar slopes and intercepts were obtained for these patients, suggesting that no major differences seem to exist in their blood-brain-barrier permeability to proteins. The results suggest that measurements of CSF-DBH could be of help in the differential diagnosis of human hypertension and in the neurochemical characterization of EH. If CSF-DBH reflects central noradrenergic activity, its reduction might indicate the existence of a central catecholaminergic defect in a subgroup of EH patients. PMID- 7309208 TI - Pre- and postcapillary vascular responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in DOCA-hypertensive dogs. AB - Measurements of precapillary resistance (Ra),postcapillary resistance (Rv), and mean capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pci) were made during sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) under constant-flow perfusion in isolated hindlimbs from deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-hypertensive dogs. We found that both pre- and postcapillary vascular responses to SNS were greater in the DOCA-hypertensive group when compared to the control group. Intraarterial injections of norepinephrine produced a dose-response curve for precapillary vessels in the hypertensive group that was asymmetrically shifted to the left (increased slope) and exhibited a significant decrease in vasoconstrictor threshold. these results, coupled with our earlier observations, suggest that the hyperresponsiveness of the precapillary segment in DOCA-hypertensive dogs could be attributed to both structural and intrinsic alterations of the resistance vessels. We present evidence that suggests, however, that the increased postcapillary resistance with SNS may be explained by a structural alteration causing a decrease in the diameter of existing postcapillary vessels, or may be due to a decrease in the actual number of postcapillary vessels, or both. It is concluded that in this model of hypertension, postcapillary vascular changes also contribute to the overall increase in total peripheral resistance. PMID- 7309209 TI - Collagen metabolism and reversal of aortic medial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with methyldopa. AB - Collagen synthesis, content, and concentration were determined in the hypertrophied intima media of thoracic aortas from 10-, 15-, and 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Although the rates of aortic collagen synthesis declined with age, the dry weight of the intima media and the total collagen content increased proportionally. Collagen concentration thus remained unchanged. Methyldopa was administered orally to SHR when they were 12 to 15 weeks of age, when their body weight were identical to the untreated group. Blood pressure and the degree of aortic medial hypertrophy, judged by medial dry weight per kilogram body weight, were significantly lower compared with untreated SHR. Collagen synthesis was likewise decreased to a mean rate not significantly higher than age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls. This reduction in collagen synthesis, however, was not sufficient to decrease measurably the total collagen content of the aortas compared with untreated SHR. Since medial dry weights were lower in the treated rats, collagen concentration in aortas from SHR given methyldopa for 3 weeks was actually increased. The increase in collagen concentration also suggests that medial hypertrophy was reversed. PMID- 7309210 TI - Basis for the altered arterial wall mechanics in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Carotid and tail arteries from 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used to compare mechanics and biochemical properties. Measurements of pressure-diameter relations were made on isolated segments under conditions of active (145 mM K+) and passive (O mM Ca+2 and 2 mM EGTA) smooth muscle. Connective tissue, water and electrolyte contents, and extracellular water spaces were determined. Chemical data were also obtained from segments of thoracic aorta. The passive mechanics of arteries from the SHR were stiffer compared to those from WKY. Total connective tissue content (collagen + elastin) and collagen/elastin ratio were both smaller in the SHR arteries. Differences in the characteristics of the connective tissue matrix other than total content must exist in SHR and WKY arteries. Maximum values of active stress (force/area) developed by SHR arteries were larger and occurred at smaller values of wall strain compared to WKY arteries. The maximum reduction in wall diameter with smooth muscle activation was larger in the WKY arteries, but these constriction responses were better maintained at higher pressures by SHR arteries. Extracellular water space was lower in SHR arteries, while total water content was not different. The fraction of the wall of SHR arteries occupied by smooth muscle cells was larger than that of WKY arteries. When values of maximum active stress were normalized to the relative cell content, no difference was found for SHR and WKY carotids, but SHR tail arteries still produced a significantly larger active cell stress than WKY tail arteries. This suggests that intrinsic differences exist in the properties of smooth muscle cells of SHR and WKY tail arteries. PMID- 7309211 TI - Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers. Subcommittee of the AHA Postgraduate Education Committee. PMID- 7309212 TI - Magnitude of problem of poliomyelitis in India. PMID- 7309213 TI - Peak expiratory flow rate of healthy schoolboys from Punjab. PMID- 7309214 TI - The epidemiology and prevention of poliomyelitis in a rural community in south India. PMID- 7309215 TI - Spurt in poliomyelitis in Madras. PMID- 7309216 TI - Influence of environmental factors on underfive morbidity. PMID- 7309219 TI - Intramedullary epidermoid. PMID- 7309217 TI - Necrotising enteritis in children-Part I (A clinical study). PMID- 7309218 TI - The growth pattern of upper and lower extremity during adolescence. PMID- 7309220 TI - Yolk sac tumor of the pineal region. PMID- 7309221 TI - Holt Oram syndrome. PMID- 7309222 TI - Necrotising enterocolitis in older infants. PMID- 7309223 TI - [Carbohydrate infusions in internal diseases. A comparative study on metabolically normal patients, patients with liver diseases and diabetics. Aims, execution and statistics of the studies in long-term infusion of carbohydrates]. AB - We present the problems, methodology and statistics of a large scale clinical trial concerning biochemical events and compatibility of carbohydrate infusions. The presented work serves as introduction to understand the following publications from this study. More specifically we show the results of 48-hour infusion of the following solutions: 1. Glucose, 2. Glucose/Fructose, 3. Glucose/Sorbitol, 4. Glucose/Xylitol, 5. Glucose/Fructose/Xylitol. Each of the infusion series was applicated to patients with liver cirrhosis; diabetes mellitus, and a metabolically healthy control group. PMID- 7309224 TI - [The effect of preoperative food and fluid restrictions on various metabolic parameters in geriatric patients]. AB - This clinical investigation was carried out in order to determine whether the 10 12 hr food and fluid restrictions imposed before elective operations have detrimental effects on older patients according to various metabolic parameters. Thirty male urological patients aged between 60 and 90 years were chosen for study (group I 60-70 years, group II 70-80 years, group III 89-90 years). The following parameters were measured at 7 p.m. the evening before the operation, and at 7. a.m. on the morning of operation: body weight, hematocrit, blood-gas analysis, electrolytes, serum osmolality, urea, creatinine, total protein with electrophoresis and blood glucose. Urine was collected during the period of abstinence and osmolality, electrolytes, total nitrogen, creatinine and urea were estimated. All patients showed a reduced creatinine clearance to a degree that was expected for their age. In all three groups a significant weight reduction (p less than 0,001) occurred during the time of observation. The 12 hr urine volume increased from one age group to the next whereas perspiration decreased, indicating deficient thermal regulations in older patients. The hypohydration on the morning of operation, especially in group II and III, marked a relatively lower hematocrit and hypoproteinemia. In all three groups the urea and creatinine values were slightly lower in the morning than in the evening before, indicating the occurrence of further hypohydration due to fasting. The low elimination of total nitrogen, urea, and creatinine in the urine could be an indication that the 12 hr food and fluid restriction caused no marked catabolism. Our study shows that geriatric patients are indeed able to compensate for a 12 hr-period of abstinence. When however, these patients also have to undergo an operation, possibly associated with a considerable loss of body fluids or when restriction of oral intake extends to 16-20 hrs, decompensation may rapidly occur leading to deleterious consequences. PMID- 7309225 TI - [Behavior of free amino acids in plasma and urine of intensive care patients with multiple injuries during the administration of an amino acid solution with 10% branched-chain amino acids]. AB - The study was performed on eleven severely injured ventilated intensive care patients. Plasma and urine concentrations of free amino acids, nitrogen balance and energy expenditure were studied for a period of six days following trauma. Most of the free amino acids in plasma, especially the BCAA's return to reference range within a few days after trauma on administering the infusion solution investigated. An amino acid imbalance in the plasma of severely traumatized patients could be avoided by infusion of an amino acid solution containing only 10% branched-chain amino acids. The amino acids infused are utilized to an extent of more than 90%. However, a still markedly increased negative nitrogen balance, as well as a clearly negative energy balance indicate, that further investigations on nitrogen - and carbohydrate supply are necessary. PMID- 7309226 TI - [Deep frozen fresh plasma in blood component therapy: preparation--quality control--indications]. AB - Fresh frozen plasma is prepared within 6 hrs after collection in a double bag system. A second centrifugation at 4600 x g is necessary to obtain a platelet poor plasma. A special bag freezing system fitted to a conventional cryostat and cooled with ethanol to -50 degrees C was developed to reach the required cooling rate. It is possible to freeze 25 plasma bags simultaneously within 30 min in this new apparatus. Fresh frozen plasma prepared in this manner contains all coagulation factors and inhibitors with almost normal activities. Freezing at -40 degrees C in the air, prolonged storage of the starting material, or insufficient cooling of the frozen product deteriorate its quality. The influence of these variables with the discussed in detail. Indications of fresh frozen plasma, especially for dilution- and posttraumatic consumption coagulopathy as well as liver disease, are presented. PMID- 7309227 TI - In vitro formation of hybrid toxins between subunits of Escherichia coli heat labile enterotoxin and those of cholera enterotoxin. AB - Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was purified from cells of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from a patient with traveller's diarrhea. Purified LT was separated into A and B subunits by treatment with 6 M urea solution in 0.1 M propionic acid (pH 4.0). Biologically active toxin was reconstituted from isolated A and B subunits of LT. Hybrid toxins with biological activity were obtained in vitro from the A subunit of cholera enterotoxin and B subunit of LT, and from the A subunit of LT and B subunit of cholera enterotoxin. The hybrid toxins show a similar toxicity to that of the parent toxins from which the A subunits were derived. The in vitro formations of the hybrid toxins were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis. PMID- 7309228 TI - Role of lymphocytes in macrophage-induced killing of Coccidioides immitis in vitro. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from normal mice phagocytized arthroconidia and endospores of Coccidioides immitis without affecting the viability of the spores within 4 h after infection. In contrast, macrophages, when infected in the presence of lymphocytes from immune mice, significantly reduced the viability of phagocytized endospores and arthroconidia. The inability of macrophages from normal mice to kill C. immitis may in part be explained by the observation that C. immitis appeared to inhibit fusion of the phagosomes containing fungal spores with the lysosomes within the macrophages. However, fusion of phagosomes containing spores and lysosomes was observed in macrophages infected in the presence of lymphocytes from immune mice. PMID- 7309229 TI - Replication of avian influenza A viruses in mammals. AB - The recent appearance of an avian influenza A virus in seals suggests that viruses are transmitted from birds to mammals in nature. To examine this possibility, avian viruses of different antigenic subtypes were evaluated for their ability to replicate in three mammals-pigs, ferrets, and cats. In each of these mammals, avian strains replicated to high titers in the respiratory tract (10(5) to 10(7) 50% egg infective doses per ml of nasal wash), with peak titers at 2 to 4 days post-inoculation, similar to the pattern of human and other mammalian viruses in these animals. Most avian strains were recovered for 5 to 9 days post-inoculation. One avian H1N1 virus initially replicated poorly in pigs, but was adapted to this host and even transmitted to other pigs. Replication of the avian viruses occurred in the respiratory tracts of mammals, whereas, in birds, they replicate in the intestinal tract as well. The infected mammals had no significant disease signs and produced low levels of humoral antibodies; however, challenge experiments in ferrets indicated that they were immune. These studies suggest that influenza A viruses currently circulating in avian species represent a source of viruses capable of infecting mammals, thereby contributing to the influenza A antigenic pool from which new pandemic strains may originate. PMID- 7309231 TI - Effect of proteins on the immunogenicity of enterobacterial common antigen. AB - Enterobacterial common antigen isolated by two independent extraction procedures was found to precipitate with a number of basic or hydrophobic proteins. Complexes of enterobacterial common antigen with protamine sulfate, with methylated bovine serum albumin or with a fraction of outer membrane proteins of two different Shigella wild types proved to be highly immunogenic in rabbits upon intravenous immunization, in contrast to the enterobacterial common antigen preparations by themselves. This explains why crude isolates of enterobacterial common antigen usually are good immunogens in contrast to the isolated antigen, which was described to be either not or only very poorly immunogenic. PMID- 7309230 TI - Mode of action of staphylococcal leukocidin: relationship between binding of 125I labeled S and F components of leukocidin to rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes and leukocidin activity. AB - The binding of (125)I-labeled S component to rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found to be concentration dependent and saturable at 37 degrees C. Scatchard analysis of the binding curve gave a straight line, indicating that S component binds to a single population of sites. The dissociation constant, K(D), derived from the Scatchard plot was 5.57 x 10(-9) M, and the number of binding sites per leukocyte was calculated to be approximately 5,300. Unlabeled S component (10(-8) M) or subunit B of cholera toxin (10(-7) M) readily competed with (125)I-labeled S component binding, and the labeled S component, preincubated with ganglioside G(M1) at equimolar proportions for 5 min, lost the binding capacity to the leukocyte membranes. The binding number of (125)I-labeled F component to leukocidin-sensitive cells, such as rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the established human myelocytic leukemia cells, in the absence and in the presence of the unlabeled S component (2.1 nM), was calculated to be 50 and 1,300 molecules per cell, respectively. This increased binding of the labeled F component was time and temperature dependent. The binding number of labeled F component to other cell types comparatively insensitive to leukocidin, such as erythrocytes, adipocytes, intestinal cells, and HeLa cells, was calculated to be less than 50 molecules per cell in spite of the sufficient amount of unlabeled S component bound to their cells. These observations are consistent with the view that in rabbit leukocyte the S component, preferentially bound to the cell surface at 5,300 molecules per cell, contributes to enhance the F component binding up to about 1,300 molecules per cell and may thus play a role of synergistic action of both leukocidin components on the cell membranes in the leukocytolysis. PMID- 7309232 TI - Macrophage function during Trypanosoma musculi infection in mice. AB - Quantitative and functional changes in peritoneal macrophages from mice infected with Trypanosoma musculi were investigated. Increase in the number and size and in the protein content of peritoneal macrophages and the presence of parasites in the peritoneal activity were observed during the course of parasitemia. Induced releases of H2O2 by macrophages were increased during parasitemia, but H2O2 release returned to normal after infection. A correlation was also observed between parasitemia and 99mTc colloidal uptake by peritoneal macrophages. These changes in macrophage function may indicate an activation of these cells. PMID- 7309233 TI - Immunization with purified protein antigens from Streptococcus mutans against dental caries in rhesus monkeys. AB - Protein antigens I, I/II, II, and III were prepared from Streptococcus mutans (serotype c). Their immunogenicities and protective effects against dental caries were investigated in 40 rhesus monkeys kept entirely on a human-type diet, containing about 15% sucrose. Antigens I, I/II and, to a lesser extent, antigen II induced significant reductions in dental caries, as compared with sham immunized monkeys. This was achieved with 1 or 2 doses of antigen, the first of which was administered with adjuvant (Freund incomplete adjuvant or aluminum hydroxide). There was no reduction in caries in monkeys immunized with antigen III. The reduction in caries in the animals immunized with antigens I or I/II was comparable to that in monkeys immunized with whole cells. Protection against caries was associated predominantly with serum and gingival crevicular fluid immunoglobulin G antibodies, which appeared to be directed against the antigen I determinant, but antibodies to antigen II, though not to antigen III, were also protective. PMID- 7309234 TI - Protein A effect on alternative pathway complement activation and opsonization of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Twelve Staphylococcus aureus strains with known amounts of protein A were compared with regard to alternative pathway complement activation and opsonization in human serum. "Protein A-poor" strains (less than or equal to 0.16 ng/10(6) bacteria) were, on the average, 3. 4-fold more efficient in alternative pathway complement activation than "protein A-rich" strains (greater than or equal to 0.625 ng/10(6) bacteria) (P less than 0.001). Protein A-poor strains were significantly better phagocytized by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after opsonization in magnesium-ethylene glycol-bis (beta-amino-ethyl ether)-N, N tetraacetic acid-chelated serum than were the protein A-rich strains (P less than 0.001). No significant differences between protein A-poor and -rich strains were found in complement activation and opsonization in normal serum. Cell wall-bound protein A appeared to hinder alternative pathway complement activation by S. aureus, which resulted in decreased opsonization of these bacteria in the absence of an intact classical pathway. These studies suggest that protein A may cover alternative pathway complement-activating sites within the peptidoglycan matrix of the staphylococcal cell wall. PMID- 7309235 TI - Vaccinal properties of Salmonella abortus ovis mutants for streptomycin: screening with a murine model. AB - Streptomycin-dependent and streptomycin-independent reverse mutants of Salmonella abortus ovis were selected on medium with and without added streptomycin. Their in vivo properties were tested with a murine model. Reduced capacities of dissemination and multiplication of all mutant strains were evidenced by means of subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous inoculations of two outbred strains of mice with different susceptibilities to experimental S. abortus ovis infection. A factorial immunization experiment demonstrated the effects of vaccinal strains and doses. It showed large differences among the mutants. First time infection with the fully virulent parent strain excepted, the best protection was given by independent reverse mutants which had kept residual capacity of in vivo dissemination and multiplication. This screening partly determined the selection of strain Rv6 as a potential live vaccine. PMID- 7309236 TI - Role of iron in the pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus infections. AB - Infections with Vibrio vulnificus resulting in septicemia and high mortality have been correlated with pre-existing liver disease and hemochromatosis. As these conditions are associated with impaired iron metabolism and as iron availability in the host has been implicated in the pathogenicity of a number of bacterial infections, the role of iron as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus was examined. Injection of mice with iron resulted in a lowering of the 50% lethal dose from 10(6) to 1.1 cells and in a reduction in the time of death postinfection. Elevated serum iron levels were also produced by damaging livers with injections of CCl4. The inoculum size required to kill these mice was directly correlated with serum iron levels. Since the portal of infection of this organism may be ingestion of contaminated seafood, the effects of iron upon orally induced infection were also studied. The effects of adding iron, transferrin, or Desferal (an iron chelate) upon the growth of V. vulnificus in human and rabbit sera were also examined. Iron appeared to be the limiting factor in the ability of this organism to survive or grow in mammalian sera. These results, both in vitro and in vivo, provided strong evidence that iron may play a major role in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus. PMID- 7309237 TI - Genetics of resistance to African trypanosomes: role of the H-2 locus in determining resistance to infection with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. AB - Susceptibility and resistance to Trypanosoma rhodesiense infections in inbred and H-2 congenic strains of mice were studied. Mean survival times and patterns of parasitemia were examined. C3HeB/FeJ mice were highly susceptible; CBA/J, A/J, and BALB/cByJ mice displayed an intermediate level of susceptibility; whereas C57BL/10 mice were highly resistant. H-2 congenic strains with the BL/10 background resembled the BL/10 parental type, thereby suggesting that the major histocompatibility complex does not play a major role in regulating resistance and susceptibility to infection with T. rhodesiense. PMID- 7309238 TI - Rhesus monkeys protected against Plasmodium knowlesi malaria produce antibodies against a 65,000-MrP. knowlesi glycoprotein at the surface of infected erythrocytes. AB - Sera from 27 rhesus monkeys immunized in various ways against the H strain of Plasmodium knowlesi were analyzed by quantitative crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The reaction of the sera was compared with a reference immune serum only reactive with P. knowlesi-specific 65,000-Mr glycoprotein-immune component 13 (gp65/ic13) in membranes of infected rhesus monkey erythrocytes. Triton X-100-solubilized, 125I-labeled membranes of schizont-infected erythrocytes were used as an antigen. Sera from 9 or 10 monkeys immunized by repeated infections with P. knowlesi reacted with gp65/ic13. In 6 of 10 sera, anti-gp65/ic13 was the only antibody reacting with host cell membrane proteins. In contrast, vaccination of 15 monkeys with predominantly sexual stages or trophozoites of P. knowlesi in Freund complete adjuvant resulted in protection against blood challenges in 7 monkeys, only 2 of which contained precipitating antibody against gp65/ic13. None of the sera from monkeys not protected by infections or vaccinations contained detectable levels of precipitating antibodies against gp65/ic13. Our data indicate that gp65/ic13 acts as a prominent immunogen in vivo during natural p. knowlesi infections of rhesus monkeys. There is a positive correlation suggested between anti-gp65/ic13 antibody and protection in the monkeys analyzed. This correlation does not apply to monkeys protected against P. knowlesi malaria by vaccination, pointing to other effective immune defense mechanisms. PMID- 7309239 TI - Evaluation of iron dextran and mucin for enhancement of the virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 in mice. AB - The pathogenic role of Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes O:3, O:8, and O:9 in human infections is well documented. Whereas the virulence of the O:8 strains can be readily demonstrated in mice by 50% lethal dose determinations, the O:3 and O:9 strains have no lethal effect on mice by any route of inoculation. A mouse virulence test for the O:3 and O:9 strains is described. Y. enterocolitica strains were first tested for the presence of virulence-associated plasmid characteristics by auto-agglutination and gel electrophoresis procedures before mouse virulence determinations. The 50% lethal dose of the O:3 strains injected intraperitoneally with 2.5% mucin was about 10(7) colony-forming units. However, histological examinations showed that mucin allowed the growth of Y enterocolitica on the surface of the livers and spleens of the mice without internal lesions. The 50% lethal dose of the same O:3 strains injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml of 10% iron dextran in saline was about 10(5) to 10(6) colony-forming units, and the nonlethal infective dose with typical lesion development was 20 to 200 colony-forming units. The infected mice developed symptoms and extensive liver and spleen lesions which differed from those in mice infected intraperitoneally with the virulent O:8 strains. These results showed that the virulence of the O:3 Y. enterocolitica strains can be measured by intraperitoneal injection with iron dextran. This procedure was used to test the virulence of food isolates, plasmidless strains, and the effect of growth temperatures. PMID- 7309240 TI - Localization of chlamydial group Antigen in McCoy cell monolayers infected with Chlamydia trachomatis or Chlamydia psittaci. AB - Chlamydial inclusions were demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) with antiserum to the chlamydial group antigen when McCoy cell monolayers infected with either Chlamydia trachomatis or Chlamydia psittaci were fixed in formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde, provided the monolayer was not allowed to dry. If these monolayers were then air dried and restained by IF with the same antiserum but with a different fluorescence conjugate, group antigen associated with inclusion-containing McCoy cells but independent of the inclusions was revealed. This antigen was not restricted to infected cells but appeared to radiate out from them, suggesting that group antigen was released from infected cells. Similar host cell-associated antigen could be shown by IF of glutaraldehyde-fixed, air-dried monolayers, but inclusions could not be stained by IF before these preparations were dried, presumably because antibody could not penetrate glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. Electron microscopic immunoperoxidase studies of paraformaldehyde-fixed, wet monolayers located group antigen within inclusions on the outer membrane of chlamydial organisms and on single-membrane vesicles. However, when dried monolayers were labeled with the same immunoperoxidase technique, no intracellular labeling occurred, but dense staining was seen at the surface of infected cells and on adjacent membranous material. These observations are compatible with the postulate that replicating chlamydiae produce outer membrane blebs containing group antigen, which are excreted by the host cells during the chlamydial developmental cycle. PMID- 7309241 TI - Encephalitogenicity of measles virus in marmosets. AB - Marmosets infected intracerebrally with the wild Edmonston strain of measles virus developed encephalitis, demonstrated histologically and by the fluorescent antibody technique. The infection remained clinically silent over a 14-day observation period. Animals infected intracerebrally with the JM strain of wild measles virus had only mild encephalitic changes but died of the visceral form of measles infection. Marmosets inoculated with measles vaccine had no encephalitis and remained clinically well. Marmosets appear to be a sensitive indicator of the viscerotropic and neurotropic properties of measles virus. PMID- 7309242 TI - Clinical microbiological, and histological manifestations of Streptobacillus moniliformis-induced arthritis in mice. AB - Intravenous inoculation of Streptobacillus moniliformis into mice resulted in an infection in which the predominant feature was progressive polyarthritis that rendered some joints immobile within 6 months. No migration of arthritis from joint to joint or remission and exacerbation were apparent. Viable organisms were apparently removed by the host from blood, liver, and spleen within 28 days post inoculation but persisted in joints for approximately 6 months in some animals. Specific antibody was detectable by complement fixation 7 days post-inoculation and persisted throughout the course of the disease. The inflammatory responses, which was initiated by the appearance of neutrophils in the joint space within 24 h of inoculation, culminated in obliteration of the joint space by fibrosis and exostosis. PMID- 7309244 TI - Strain differences in resistance to infection reversed by route of challenge: studies in blastomycosis. AB - The inbred mouse strains C3H/HeJ and DBA/1J have been shown to represent the extremes of susceptibility and resistance, respectively, to pulmonary blastomycosis. This pattern was completely reversed when challenge was performed by the intraperitoneal route, whether a virulent or an attenuated strain of Blastomyces dermatitidis was utilized. By a third route (subcutaneous), the differences were insignificant. Inhibition of replication of blastomyces in vitro by macrophages from both strains, before or after activation by subcutaneous infection, was similar. PMID- 7309243 TI - Alterations of pulmonary defense mechanisms by protein depletion diet. AB - Pulmonary defense mechanisms were quantitated in mice that were fed a protein free diet (PFD) for periods of 2 and 3 weeks. Despite the severe weight loss and emaciation induced by the diet, the bactericidal mechanisms in their lungs were preserved against aerogenic challenges with staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and Listeria monocytogenes. Phagocytic assays of alveolar macrophages that were retrieved by pulmonary lavage from PFD-fed animals showed a decrease in Fc receptor-mediated binding activity but no alteration in the ingestion of sensitized erythrocytes. In contrast, the PFD induced defects in both the attachment phase and the engulfment phase of the phagocytic process when the challenge organism was Candida krusei. The PFD suppressed the pulmonary inflammatory response after mice were infected with influenza virus strain PR8; such mice also failed to eliminate infectious virus from their lungs. Virus infection in control mice suppressed pulmonary antibacterial defenses against challenges with S. aureus and P. mirabilis, and defect that was ameliorated in the lungs of PFD-fed mice with viral pneumonia. The data demonstrated that pulmonary defense mechanisms were modulated by a PFD but that the observed effect was dependent on the agent used to test host defenses. PMID- 7309245 TI - Suppression of Clostridium difficile by normal hamster cecal flora and prevention of antibiotic-associated cecitis. AB - Administration of normal cecal homogenates decreased numbers of viable Clostridium difficile and prevented cecitis in antibiotic-challenged hamsters. Cecal anaerobes appeared to suppress C. difficile. PMID- 7309246 TI - Failure of hamster macrophages to discriminate between infective and noninfective promastigotes of Leishmania donovani during attachment in vitro. AB - The attachment of infective and noninfective promastigotes of Leishmania donovani to hamster macrophages derived from spleen, lymph nodes, and peritoneal exudate was studied in vitro. Regardless of macrophage origin, no significant differences were observed between attachment of promastigotes that were infective and those that were noninfective for hamsters. PMID- 7309247 TI - Occupational hazards to operating room and recovery room personnel. PMID- 7309248 TI - Anesthetic gas spillage and scavenging. PMID- 7309249 TI - Central nervous system depression: performance decrements, abnormal behavior, suicide. PMID- 7309250 TI - Occupational hazards in the United Kingdom. PMID- 7309251 TI - Toxic metabolites from biotransformation: major organ damage. PMID- 7309252 TI - Effect of anesthetics on the immune system. PMID- 7309253 TI - Faulty cell replication: abortion, congenital abnormalities. PMID- 7309254 TI - Carcinogenesis. PMID- 7309255 TI - Possible role of serum anaphylatoxins in hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 7309257 TI - Macrophage activation by various stimuli is mediated by endogenous C3. PMID- 7309256 TI - Acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine: platelet-activating factor. PMID- 7309258 TI - A role for cytoplasmic vesicles in anaphylactic degranulation of guinea pig basophils. PMID- 7309260 TI - New concepts concerning pathogenesis of the allergic phenotype and prospects for control of IgE antibody synthesis. PMID- 7309259 TI - Solid phase allergens and IgE antibodies for the determination of allergen extract potency. PMID- 7309261 TI - Standardization of allergens: lectins and monoclonal antibodies as primary standards for house dust mite allergens. PMID- 7309262 TI - Criteria for the clinical evaluation of prophylactic agents in bronchial asthma. AB - The clinical investigation of prophylactic agents for bronchial asthma is at once simple and laborious: simple because provocation tests are available for measuring the bronchial reactivity of the asthma patient to numerous stimuli and his response to treatment; but laborious because some of these methods are poorly standardised and above all because bronchial spasticity varies greatly from patient to patient and in the same patient at different times. The fluctuating pattern of asthma, is, moreover, an obstacle to clinical investigation. It has to be taken into account in devising trial protocols. Besides bias associated with the disorder itself, there are other difficulties inherent in the prophylactic nature of the treatment. It is a simple enough matter to evaluate the activity of a bronchodilator since the effect of such a compound is directly measurable. Evaluation of the efficacy of a prophylactic agent is more difficult since the fluctuations in episodes of bronchoconstriction and in the bronchodilator treatment needed for these episodes have to be evaluated jointly. We shall have occasion to revert to the practical consequences of this later. PMID- 7309263 TI - Development and evaluation of polymerized allergens for immunotherapy. PMID- 7309264 TI - Newer developments in immunotherapy for hay fever. PMID- 7309265 TI - Pure 81 Rb for medical use obtained by electromagnetic isotope separation. PMID- 7309266 TI - Restriction of the spread of epileptic discharges in cats by means of Bragg peak, intracranial irradiation. PMID- 7309267 TI - Getting coincidence information from analysis of sum peaks in singles Ge(Li) spectra test, evaluation and improvement of the method. PMID- 7309269 TI - Routine kilogray dosimetry with dichromate solutions. PMID- 7309268 TI - [Metabolism of 103 Ru-ruthenocene--in vitro experiments and a possible in vivo test for hydroxylases]. PMID- 7309270 TI - Synthesis of high specific activity 11C 17 alpha methyltestosterone. PMID- 7309271 TI - Production of 75Br via the 75Kr precursor: excitation function for the deuteron induced nuclear reaction on bromine. PMID- 7309272 TI - Emission probabilities and energies of the prominent gamma-ray transitions from the 240Pu decay. PMID- 7309273 TI - Technetium-99m-ethylenediamine: a new cationic complex of technetium. PMID- 7309274 TI - Enrichment of tritium by thermal diffusion column--I. TH-H2 and TD-D2 systems. PMID- 7309275 TI - The synthesis of some 11C-labelled antiepileptic drugs with potential utility as radiopharmaceuticals: hydantoins and barbiturates. PMID- 7309276 TI - Radiation damage and hydrogen bonding in some aminoanthraquinone dyes. PMID- 7309277 TI - Determination of the KX-ray emission probability in the decay of 103mRh. PMID- 7309278 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to epithelium-specific components of the human milk fat globule membrane: production and reaction with cells in culture. AB - Three hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (IgG), reacting with components of the human mammary milk fat globule have been isolated. When tested for binding to a wide range of human cell lines and strains, all three antibodies show negative reactions with fibroblasts, lymphoblastoid cells, and a large number of epithelial cell lines of non-breast origin. Two of the antibodies (1.10.F3 and 3.14.A3) reacted with seven out of eight breast cancer lines tested, and with epithelial cells cultured from human milk. The other antibody (3.15.C3) reacted with only two of the breast cancer cell lines. PMID- 7309279 TI - Plasma prolactin levels and breast cancer: relation to parity, weight and height, and age at first birth. AB - Plasma prolactin has been measured in over 3,500 women volunteers from a normal population. In premenopausal women there was a significant decrease in prolactin levels with increasing parity. However, this effect was transitory since plasma prolactin concentration rose with increasing time after the birth of the last child. There were no significant differences in prolactin levels with respect to height and weight, although overweight compared to underweight women had approximately 15% more plasma prolactin. If prolactin is a carcinogen, then these results are in keeping with the epidemiological findings that multiparity affords protection and that age at last delivery is a risk factor in the development of breast cancer. PMID- 7309281 TI - Plasma prolactin levels and age in a female population: relation to breast cancer. PMID- 7309280 TI - Characteristics of membrane and cytosol forms of the mammary tumor glycoprotein molecule MTGP in human breast carcinoma cell cultures and tumors. AB - The presence, concentration and selected molecular characteristics of the human mammary carcinoma glycoprotein molecule set MTGP, a trace and apparently tumor specific molecule, were examined in fifteen cell cultures established from mammary carcinomas, tissue from seven mammary carcinomas and control cultures. Both cytosol and membrane-associated forms of MTGP were analyzed, and each was phenotyped by reference to isoelectric point and buoyant density. All cells or tissues of mammary carcinoma origin contained membrane MTGP, whereas cytosol MTGP was undetectable in cell cultures from half of the mammary carcinomas. Neither membrane nor cytosol MTGP were detectable in cells other than mammary carcinomas. Cytosol MTGP could be assigned to three groups by reference to presence, isoelectric point and buoyant density. Membrane MTGP also exhibited heterogeneity between different tumors and could be assigned to three groups by isoelectric point and buoyant density. Each form of MTGP was homogeneous for a given single tumor or cell culture and retained its phenotypic features with passage and cloning. Four general types of MTGP are proposed, through there may be additional fine heterogeneity that cannot be further resolved at this time. These data provide an initial characterization of the membrane form of MTGP and an integrated characterization that is consistent with the concept that tumor specific antigens may possess both constant regions by reference to antigens recognized by the antisera and variable structure by reference to physicochemical characteristics. PMID- 7309282 TI - Moloney virus (M-MuLV) leukemogenesis: virus spread, antibody production and antigenic expression in neonatally virus-inoculated young mice. AB - (A X C57BL) and (A X C57L)F1 hybrid mice were inoculated neonatally with M-MuLV. Virus spread, antigenic expression and antibody production were followed during the preleukemic period. M-MuLV was first detectable in the spleen and later in the thymus. Virus spread was faster and the level of viremia higher in A X C57L than in A X C57BL mice. Also, A X C57L mice had no or only low titers of virus neutralizing antibodies, whereas A X C57BL mice had high titers. Anti-MCSA antibodies, reacting with the surface of syngeneic M-MuLV-induced lymphoma cells, were present in a minority of the mice, but disappeared ultimately in all mice. The two groups of mice differed with regard to the length of the preleukemic latency period. High virus load and a low level of virus neutralizing and anti MCSA antibodies were correlated with an earlier onset of leukemia. PMID- 7309283 TI - The dependence of tumor neutralization on bone-marrow-derived cells. AB - Radiosensitive host cells capable of potentiating tumor neutralization by immunocytes in normal recipients are present only in the bone marrow and not in the spleen or thymus. This was shown by selectively eliminating either the bone marrow, spleen or thymus of groups of mice and then subcutaneously injecting these animals with sensitized splenocytes and tumor cells. Bone marrow ablation was accomplished by the administration of the bone-seeking radioactive isotope 89Sr which did not reduce thymic or splenic cellularity. Sensitized splenocytes completely inhibited the growth of admixed tumor cells in normal, nude, splenectomized, or 88Sr-treated animals, but the sensitized cells were as ineffective in 89Sr-treated recipients as in 900-rad irradiated mice. Bone marrow cells of normal donors admixed with sensitized splenocytes and the sensitizing tumor cells caused a significant inhibition of tumor growth in 900-rad and 89Sr treated mice. Therefore, the radiation-sensitive host cells that potentiate the tumor-inhibitory effect of sensitized splenocytes are unique to the marrow and, in the intact animal, apparently emigrate from this organ to interact with sensitized immunocytes at the site of tumor growth. PMID- 7309284 TI - Carcinogenic activity in rats of combined treatment with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. AB - A total of 240 outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3 different doses of the cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil (CMF) regimen adopted from clinical chemotherapy studies in breast cancer patients. Eighty untreated rats served as controls. Individual and total doses of the drugs applied were lower than corresponding doses used in human adjuvant therapy protocols compared on a mg/m2 basis. Lifelong observation of the animals demonstrated a strong dose related carcinogenic response to the tested scheme. Main target organs of treatment-related neoplasms were the nervous system, the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissue, the urinary bladder, and the suprarenal gland. It is concluded that the CMF drug combination evokes carcinogenic responses in several organ systems in the rat and should be regarded as representing a carcinogenic risk to humans. Uncritical clinical use of the three-drug protocol should be avoided. PMID- 7309285 TI - Phosphorylation of chromosomal proteins from mammary cell lines. AB - Phosphorylation of histone and none-histone chromosomal proteins in two clonal mouse mammary cell lines having low (V-14) and high (T-19) tumorigenicity was investigated. Logarithmic phase cells were incubated in medium containing 125 muCi/ml[32P]-orthophosphate. Cell nuclei were isolated, chromosomal proteins (histones and non-histones) extracted and their amino acid composition, protein/DNA mass ratios, 32P-uptake and gel electrophoretic patterns examined. Significant differences in the histone and NHC-protein phosphorylation of these two cell lines were found. Comparison of radioactivity profiles of electrophoretically separated T-19 and V-14 NHC-proteins showed that 60% of the T 19 bands in the mol. wt range of 160,000 to 15,000 daltons had increased [32P] orthophosphate uptake. Differences in histone radiolabelling between V-14 and T 19 were confined to the H1, H3 and H4 classes. [32P]-ATP-pool measurements of V 14 and T-19 at 30, 60 and 120 min of incubation were similar, hence the difference in 32P-uptake was not due to ATP-pool fluctuations. Results of studies on growth rate, growth potential and the possibility that comparisons were made between cells at different stages of the growth cycle indicated that these variables did not account for the higher phosphorylation of T-19 chromosomal proteins. The increased [32P]-phosphate uptake into T-19 cell protein was correlated with an elevated content of NHC and histone proteins and pointed towards a correlation between the degree of phosphorylation and the high tumorigenicity of this cell line. PMID- 7309286 TI - The usefulness of human tumor cell lines in the study of chemosensitivity. A study of malignant melanomas. AB - The chemosensitivity of human melanoma cells has been studied before and after continuous in vitro culture. Altogether, nine cell lines were studied, two derived from patients' biopsies, and seven from xenografts in athymic mice. The sensitivity to the agents DTIC (Dacarbazine), CCNU (Lomustine), procarbazine, vinblastine, abrin and ricin was assayed. Furthermore, in five cases the chemosensitivity of the cell lines was compared to that of tumors obtained by injecting the cell lines into athymic mice. In all cases the sensitivity was measured in an in vitro soft agar assay. Upon cultivation in vitro, two of the cell lines, one derived from a patient's metastasis and one from a xenograft in athymic mice, showed marked increases in sensitivity to some of the drugs, whereas sensitivity to other drugs showed little or no change. For the other cell lines small, but definite increases or decreases in chemosensitivity were observed. Permanent cultures showed the same chemosensitivity as early subcultures. The tumors formed by injecting the cell lines into athymic mice showed moderate changes in chemosensitivity, as compared to the cell lines in vitro. The data indicate that considerable changes in chemosensitivity may occur when cells are brought from in vitro to in vitro conditions and vice versa and that such changes may be highly specific. Therefore, although cell lines may be useful in some respects, they should be used with caution in attempts to evaluate quantitatively the sensitivity of human tumors to cancerostatic drugs. PMID- 7309288 TI - A note on the role of dietary retinol and carotene in human gastro-intestinal cancer. AB - Dietary data relating in 406 patients with gastrointestinal cancers (cases) and 812 controls have been analysed to test the hypotheses that dietary vitamin A (retinol) and its precursor, carotene, may be protective agents in human carcinogenesis. There was no deficit among cases in the intake of retinol containing food items whereas several of the main carotene-containing fruits and vegetables were eaten less often among cases than among controls. However, when total daily intake was estimated, there was no protective effect of carotene, perhaps implying that some other constituent of the fruits and vegetables is protective. PMID- 7309289 TI - Chromosomal banding patterns in human large bowel cancer. AB - Cytogenetic banding studies were performed on direct preparations from 31 large bowel tumors. Twenty-eight of these were from primary sites and three from metastases. Some distinctive patterns were observed. The 31 tumors were separable into four groups: (1) Tumors with normal karyotypes (three cases); (2) tumors with simple gains of chromosomes (three cases); (3) tumors with gains, losses and structural aberrations (ten cases). Groups 1, 2 and 3 were all in the diploid range; and (4) tumors with hypotriploid-hypotetraploid karyotypes (15 cases). Non random gains of several chromosomes, especially No. 8 and non-random losses of No. 17 were seen in this series. Thirteen cases had sex chromosome abnormalities. The most prominent structural abnormalities involved chromosomes No. 1 and No. 5. Marker chromosomes were sometimes absent, but when present ranged from simple translocations to the most complex rearrangements. Doubling of chromosome and/or marker chromosomes were prominent in Group 4. Double minutes were seen in all three metastatic tumors and three primary cancers. Premature chromosome condensation was observed in three cases in the hypotriploid-hypotetraploid group. PMID- 7309287 TI - Development of resistance to vincristine in a childhood rhabdomyosarcoma growing in immune-deprived mice. AB - A cell line of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) has been grown as a xenograft in immune-deprived mice. The tumor responded to vincristine (VCR), but not to vinblastine, doxorubicin or actinomycin D. The rate and frequency at which resistance developed from administration of VCR once weekly was investigated. Tumor growth could be inhibited for 6 weeks, after which time 11 or 16 xenografts grew progressively despite continued treatment. That this was a tumor-acquired resistance was confirmed by growing both parent and "resistant" lines in the same host. Under these conditions VCR completely inhibited growth of the parent tumor, but not growth of the resistant for 6 weeks, after which time 11 or 16 xenografts grew progressively despite continued treatment. That this was a tumor-acquired resistance was confirmed by growing both parent and "resistant" lines in the same host. Under these conditions VCR completely inhibited growth of the parent tumor, but not growth of the resistant for 6 weeks, after which time 11 or 16 xenografts grew progressively despite continued treatment. That this was a tumor-acquired resistance was confirmed by growing both parent and "resistant" lines in the same host. Under these conditions VCR completely inhibited growth of the parent tumor, but not growth of the resistant line. Continued passage of the resistant line for 10 months in mice either treated with VCR (1.5 mg/kg/wk) or untreated, demonstrated that resistance to VCR was stable in the absence of selection pressure. In addition, the VCR-resistant line acquired a stable change in karyotype with the addition of a number 9 chromosome and an additional, unknown marker. PMID- 7309290 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in lymphoma line and lymphoblastoid cell lines before and after heterotransplantation into nude mice. AB - The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates of cell lines derived from patients with different malignant and premalignant disease were studied before and after intracerebral inoculation into nude mice and were compared to the SCE frequencies of cell lines from healthy controls. Lymphoma lines characterized by chromosomal markers as well as chromosomally normal lymphoblastoid cell lines were used. The SCE frequencies of nude mouse tumor-derived cell lines did not show a homogeneous pattern. They were either as high as, or higher or lower than, the SCE levels of the original cell line. But all cell lines, karyotypically abnormal as well as normal, originating from patients with malignant and premalignant diseases, showed significantly higher SCE rates than the control lines from healthy donors. PMID- 7309291 TI - Increased cancer incidence in the progeny of male rats exposed to ethylnitrosourea before mating. AB - Results from previous experiments have indicated tha persistence of an increased cancer risk in subsequent generations following prenatal exposure to a chemical carcinogen. In the present experiment, the possible role of prezygotic events in determined cancer risk was investigated in the progeny of male rats treated with ethylnitrosourea (ENU) before mating with untreated females. Eight BDVI male rats were given a single i.p. dose of 80 mg/kg bw ENU and each rat was then caged at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 after treatment with three untreated females. Fertility was lower and preweaning mortality higher in the experimental group, as compared to controls, particularly at the 4th-week mating. Survival rates after weaning were similar in the progeny of treated males and controls, as was the total incidence of tumours. However, analysis of tumour incidence at the various organ sites showed an increased incidence of neurogenic tumours in the progeny of ENU-treated males, as compared to that of controls. PMID- 7309292 TI - Embryo-derived teratocarcinoma. III. Development of tumors from teratocarcinoma permissive and non-permissive strain embryos transplanted to F1 hybrids. AB - Seven-day-old mouse embryos of two teratocarcinoma-permissive (C3H and BALB/c) and two teratocarcinoma-non-permissive (C57BL/6 and AKR) strains were transplanted to their F1 hybrids to determine the role of the genetic background of the recipient animals in controlling embryo-derived teratocarcinogenesis. The yield of teratocarcinomas in F1 hybrid recipients of embryonic grafts was either identical with the yield in syngeneic recipients or increased or decreased, depending on the strain of the embryo and the F1 hybrid combination. In certain hybrids, the yield of malignant tumors remained the same as in the syngeneic recipients but the F1 hybrids exerted a stimulatory effect on tumor growth and the tumors weighed more than those in syngeneic recipients. A matroclinous effect was also seen in certain hybrids. These data indicate that embryo-derived teratocarcinogenesis in histocompatible F1 mice depends on the genetic background of adult recipients. The teratocarcinogenic potential of non-permissive and permissive strain mouse embryos can be modified by choosing appropriate F1 hybrids for embryonic transplantations. PMID- 7309293 TI - Correlation of glycosphingolipids and sialic acid in YAC-1 lymphoma variants with their sensitivity to natural killer-cell-mediated lysis. AB - Sialoglycoconjugates and glycosphingolipids were quantitated in a series of variants derived from the YAC-1 lymphoma, known to be highly sensitive to natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated lysis. The variants, which had widely diverging sensitivities to NK cells, were obtained by a number of methods, including selection in the presence of NK cells, antibody to H-2, or antibody to the murine leukemia-virus-induced antigen, and by fusion of sensitive cells with an NK resistant cell line, A9HT. The sensitivities of these cells to NK-cell-mediated lysis did not correlate with their sensitivities to anti-H-2a cytotoxic T cells. While no correlation could be made between the NK-sensitivity of these variants and their total cellular sialic acid, a statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between the levels of percentage neuraminidase releasable surface sialic acid of total labelled sialyl components and sensitivity to NK cells. This correlation with cell surface sialic acid was observed with either endogenous or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced activated NK cells as effectors. Neuraminidase treatment of insensitive target cells caused a moderate increase in sensitivity but failed to render the resistant targets as sensitive as YAC-1. Analysis of glycosphingolipids among the variants revealed a strong positive correlation between the total cell neutral glycolipid with chromatographic migration of asialo-GM2 and sensitivity to endogenous or activated NK-cell-mediated lysis. Significant correlations were not found with any other neutral glycolipids. However, ganglioside homologues with chromatographic mobility of GM1, GD1a, GD1b, And GT also showed a positive correlation with both endogenous and activated NK-cell-mediated lysis. The ratio of asialo-GM2 to GM2 had a highly significant positive correlation with sensitivity. These correlative results suggest that asialo-GM2 and certain gangliosides could be involved in binding or lytic events in NK cell:target cell interactions, and that high levels of sialic acid and sialylation on the surface may inhibit and/or modify such interactions. Further studies with these YAC variants should be useful for examining the biochemical bases of target cell effector cell interactions in the NK-system. PMID- 7309294 TI - Adjuvant reactivity predicts survival in patients with "high-risk" primary malignant melanoma treated with systemic BCG. EORTC Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group Writing Committee. AB - We report the prognostic importance of strength of reaction to BCG, tumor histology and clinical factors in patients with previously untreated high-risk (Clark, III, IV and V) primary malignant melanoma. One hundred and one such patients receive high-dose BCG (1 x 10(8) viable units) by Heaf gun as an adjuvant to standardized primary surgery according to EORTC Protocol 18741. Univariate analysis of disease-free interval (DFI) indicates that the degree of maximum reaction to BCG (p = 0.0003), Breslow thickness (p = 0.0003) and Clark level (p = 0.002) are highly significant prognostic factors. When a multivariate model using Cox's proportional hazard regression was used for DFI, the degree of maximum reaction to BCG and Breslow thickness were by far the most significant criteria. A prognostic equation wa obtained to predict DFI from maximum BCG reaction and Breslow thickness. From analysis of the "scores" calculated in this way it appears that the two variables act independently. This technique permits the determination of values that are predictive of DFI and discriminate between subgroups of patients with different DFI characteristics (5 groups, p less than 0.0001). This exercise was repeated for survival and similar results were obtained. The degree of a patient's immune reaction to BCG administered therapeutically is of paramount importance in determining the likelihood of survival. This factor and the Breslow thickness can be integrated to produce a mathematical equation which accurately predicts survival for appropriately treated melanoma patients. PMID- 7309295 TI - Phenotypic changes of human neuroblastoma cells in culture induced by 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. AB - SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated by 12-)-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate(TPA) express morphological and biochemical changes, which indicate that differentiation towards more mature cells has occurred. The most prominent morphological changes were the development in 40-60% of the cells of cell-surface projections longer than 50 micrometers and cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules demonstrated by electron microscopy. At the biochemical level, TPA induced a two-fold increase in the relative activity of neuron specific enolase and 30- to 40-fold increase in noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations. A decrease in proliferation rate of TPA-treated cells was observed. The biological effects of TPA were slightly potentiated by nerve growth factor. PMID- 7309296 TI - Natural antibodies carrying a cross-reactive idiotype enhance tumor growth in the rat. AB - A population of Fab fragments was identified in the papain-solubilized fraction of membranes of a rat chemically-induced sarcoma, KMT 17. The Fab fragments were partially purified by gel filtration and column electrophoresis. A rabbit antiserum against the partially purified Fab fragments was raised and shown to be specific for Fab fragments by immunoelectrophoresis. Furthermore, four lines of evidence indicated that the KMT 17 Fab fragments carry a cross-reactive idiotype: (1) the antiserum could bind only with a restricted population of normal Fab fragments having a pl of 6.3; (2) an unrelated antibody (WKA anti-SRBC) showed a weak cross-reactivity (less than 6%); (3) syngeneic antisera against the KMT 17 could bind with the 125I-KMT 17 Fab preparation that was purified by an immunoabsorbent column with the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum (anti-idiotype antibody); (4) the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum could bind with neither heavy nor light chains of WKA IgG. The natural antibody carrying the idiotype was found in normal serum and in various organs as well, especially in the lung of the conventional rats. In addition, the fractions containing Fab fragments (Frll) were shown to enhance tumor growth when injected into syngeneic animals, whereas Fab-free fractions that were separated from the Fab fragments by column electrophoresis showed no enhancing activity. These results strongly suggested that a population of Fab fragments carrying a cross-reactive idiotype was responsible for the enhancement of tumor growth. Mechanisms for the biological function of natural anti-tumor antibodies carrying a cross-reactive idiotype are discussed. PMID- 7309297 TI - Induction of target antigens and conversion to susceptible phenotype of NK-cell resistant lymphoid cell line. AB - Two autologous Herpesvirus papio producer lymphoid cell lines and one autologous non-producer line were compared for susceptibility to natural killer (NK) cell mediated lysis. The non-producer cell line, 26CB-1, was more resistant to NK cell killing compared to one viral producer counterpart 13CB-1, but equally resistant when compared to another, 8CB-1. Treatment with chemical agents that affect differentiation or activate the viral cycle, including n-butyrate, IuDR, 5 azacytidine and tunicamycin, increased the susceptibility to killing of the non producer line but had less effect on the 13CB-1 producer line. The increase in susceptibility was due to induction of new target antigens: activated 26CB-1 cells were more effective at inhibiting NK-cell-mediated lysis and were bound by more NK cells than untreated control cells. The expression of NK target structures may be related to the differentiated state rather than to the viral production status to target cells. PMID- 7309298 TI - A fixed combination of oxprenolol slow-release and chlorthalidone once daily in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. AB - In a multicenter, single-blind, interpatient study, 103 outpatients with mild to moderate hypertension were given, after 2 weeks of placebo wash-out, 160 mg oxprenolol slow-release in fixed combination with chlorthalidone (20 mg per tablet) (SROC 160) once daily or conventional oxprenolol (80 mg) in fixed combination with chlorthalidone (10 mg per tablet) (COC 80) twice daily for 8 weeks. Throughout the study 22 of 51 patients on SROC 160 and 24 of 51 on COC 80 received 1 tablet once daily and, respectively, 1 tablet twice daily. The remaining patients of both groups double the corresponding dosage after the first 4 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased on both treatments without and difference observed between the groups. Diastolic blood pressure normalization was achieved in both groups in the same number of patients (35). Minor side effects occurred on both treatments: only one patient on SROC 160 interrupted the study due to severe dizziness and fatigue. The advantages are discussed as regards patient's compliance with administration of fixed combination SROC 160 once daily in treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 7309299 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of carbochromene in man. AB - Sinoatrial and atrioventricular node functions were evaluated by the electrode catheter method in 13 patients with coronary artery disease before and 10 min after the i.v. infusion of 80 mg carbochromene. The drug had no effects on sinus node automatism, lengthened the atrial functional refractory period, and restored a 1 : 1 AV conduction at the same atrial rates at which a Wenckebach phenomenon occurred. These effects on atrial functional refractory period and AV conduction may be useful in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease who present atrial or junctional arrhythmias. PMID- 7309300 TI - Effect of dihydroxydibutylether on the lithogenic index of patients with cholesterol gallstones. AB - Daily administration of 900 mg dihydroxydibutylether (DHBE) produced a significant reduction of lithogenic index in patients with cholesterol gallstones. After treatment with placebo, in the same subjects the lithogenic index rises significantly. The activity of DHBE is not casual. PMID- 7309301 TI - Tubular compensation for glomerular filtration rate decrease in chronic renal failure - the clinicopharmacologic point of view. AB - The decrease of GFR can be compensated for by the tubular functions of residual nephrons while the homeostasis of the internal milieu is maintained. A new method presented here enables us to estimate the adequacy of tubular compensation on the basis of investigations of fractional excretion (FE) of sodium, water, and potassium. If the extrarenal excretion of the determined substance is small in comparison with the intake (I), the adequate value of FE with respect to GFR and I can be calculated according to the following formula: FE = 1.15 I/GFR . S. In patients with GFR less than 0.17 ml/s, FENa reached the values of 20-25%, FEH2O: 30-35%, and FEK: 150-200%. The estimation of these parameters can help in indicating and controlling therapy by diuretics and dietary restrictions. PMID- 7309303 TI - The group-as-a-whole approach: an appraisal. PMID- 7309302 TI - Systemic clearance of prostaglandins in man. PMID- 7309304 TI - Multiple levels in psychoanalytically oriented group supervision. PMID- 7309305 TI - Didactic group psychotherapy with chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 7309306 TI - The relatives group: treatment for parents of adult chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 7309307 TI - Role of lymphocyte transformation in drug allergy. PMID- 7309308 TI - Rheumatoid vasculitis. AB - Today, we cannot conclude comments on the treatment of immune-complex disease without paying our respects to therapeutic plasmapheresis and leukapheresis. Numerous centers are beginning to examine the value of removing either plasma or lymphocytes from patients with many rheumatic diseases. Efficacy appears to be established in hyperviscosity diseases (Waldenstrom's), myasthenia gravis, Goodpasture's syndrome, RH sensitized pregnant mothers, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In active rheumatoid arthritis, it is a useful short term tool but hardly cost effective. Although it would appear to be an advance from the medieval concept of purging out the "evil humors," pheresis for rheumatoid vasculitis must be considered a limited research tool, which may teach us something about mechanism of action. The mechanical removal of immune complexes by pheresis probably requires additional remittive or immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rebound in immune complex production. Effort now need to be directed to the agents that initiate production of immune complexes. Once the host's antibody system is so stimulated, we often find ourselves trying to close the barn door after the horse is long gone. PMID- 7309309 TI - Association of Professors of Dermatology. PMID- 7309310 TI - Topical treatment for erythrasma. PMID- 7309311 TI - Dermoid cysts. PMID- 7309313 TI - ABCs of hepatitis. PMID- 7309312 TI - Acquired cold urticaria. PMID- 7309315 TI - Topical corticosteroids. The need (?) for frequent applications. PMID- 7309314 TI - Clinical, biological, and biochemical aspects of cryoglobulins. PMID- 7309316 TI - Perforating folliculitis. A reappraisal of its pathogenesis. PMID- 7309317 TI - Histologic and clinical findings in human scabies. AB - The epidermal histological findings in the primary scabetic lesion are hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and spongiotic edema and vesiculation. The dermal changes consist of perivascular and diffuse cell infiltrates, mainly mononuclear cells, and sometimes eosinophilic granulocytes. The number of mast cells are slightly greater in primary scabetic lesions compared with secondary lesions and normal skin. Vasculitis is found in those cases showing tissue eosinophils, severe dermatitis, and many mites. A nodular lesion shows perivascular infiltrates mainly containing histiocytes, some with atypical and hyperchromatic nuclei and a few in mitosis, and some lymphocytes and cells with pyroninophilic cytoplasm. Secondary scabetic lesions show acanthosis and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates, mainly mononuclear cells, whereas clinically normal skin presents very slight perivascular and diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrates in half of the patients. Both the number of circulating eosinophilic granulocytes and serum IgE concentrations correlate with the severity of the skin reaction. Ten of 60 patients with scabies had markedly increased numbers of circulating eosinophilic granulocytes during scabies infestation. In most of the patients, however, the number of circulating eosinophils decreased after scabies treatment. PMID- 7309318 TI - Multiple keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma in psoriasis. PMID- 7309319 TI - Unusual clinical presentation of angiolipoma. PMID- 7309320 TI - Weight-for-height as a measure of obesity in English children five to 11 years old. AB - The relation between measurements of height, weight and triceps skinfold for 7758 English boys and girls aged five to 11 are investigated. It is shown that the correlation between weight adjusted for height and triceps skinfold increases from about 0.5 at age five to nearly 0.7 at age 11, but that some curvature in the relation exists, a closer association between the variables being found for relatively heavy children than for relatively light children. However, the relation between the two measurements is not sufficiently great for weight-for height to be used as a proxy measure of obesity. Skinfold measurements are recommended, except in large epidemiological studies or when fully trained observers are not available. PMID- 7309321 TI - Obesity and diabetes in Western Samoa. AB - A study of the effect of obesity on glucose tolerance in a Polynesian population (Western Samoa) has not shown a consistent relationship between the two. Although there was a trend for increasing age-standardized prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus with increasing body mass index in males, no such trend was observed in females. The impressive differences in prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance between rural and urban groups was altered little by adjusting for differences in distribution of body mass index. Environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, and stress, acting independently of adiposity must have contributed significantly to the observed rural/urban differences in prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in Western Samoans. PMID- 7309322 TI - "Treatment of obesity by femoxetine a selective 5 HT reuptake inhibitor'. PMID- 7309323 TI - Risk of obesity and surgical indications. AB - Morbid obesity, defined arbitrarily as greater than 100 percent excess weight, is only rarely the immediate or sole cause of illness or death. In addition to the Pickwickian syndrome, localized adiposity can cause obstruction and/or organ compression resulting in clinical disorders. Most of the obesity-associated risk factors interact to (a) diminish quality of life, (b) impair health, and (c) shorten survival. Severe obesity in childhood and adolescence impairs scholastic achievement and final educational levels are lower than in the nonobese. For the adult, opportunities and promotions are fewer, the quality of jobs and pay are lower. Unemployment is more common. The obese are more apt to remain single or to lose their marriage partners. Sexual adjustment and reproductive capabilities may be impaired. Regarding morbidity, the obese are "high-cost patients'. The specific and common complications or morbid obesity have been extensively examined and are the major factors causing more severe, more prolonged and more frequently recurring illness. Some obscure risk factors are related to "sudden death', to serious hazards of various medical treatment regimens, and to complication arising out of rapid or repeated regain. Excess mortality has been documented in the morbidly obese to be greatest in the younger age categories while morbidity increases with age in the surviving obese population. The dismal results of non-surgical treatment require an alternative approach. Indications for surgery in a particular patient have to be individualized. Rigid criteria are not practical, but in general, surgery is indicated and justified if the benefits expected from surgical treatment can prevent or reverse the hazards arising from unrelieved obesity. Therefore, the resulting weight losses have to be sufficient to reduce the patients to within 30 or 40 percent of desirable weight. The potential surgical complications must not equal or surpass the hazards of chronic obesity. PMID- 7309324 TI - Positive results of jejunoileal bypass surgery: emphasis on lipids with comparison to gastric bypass. AB - The positive results of jejunoileal bypass are briefly reviewed: significant weight reduction, lowering of blood pressure, mitigation of diabetes, improved physical functions, amelioration of osteoarthritis and thrombophlebitis, and improved self-esteem and socialization. A major benefit of jejunoileal bypass is the marked and permanent plasma cholesterol and triglyceride reductions. At one year plasma cholesterol is reduced 42 percent, with plasma triglyceride lowered 35 percent. In a comparable series of gastric bypass patients one year after operation, the plasma triglyceride lowering was identical at 35 percent; however, the plasma cholesterol reduction was only 14 percent. Although we currently perform mostly gastric bypasses as the primary metabolic operation for morbid obesity, we believe the jejunoileal bypass should not be discarded from the armamentarium of the surgeon committed to the treatment of this malignant disease. PMID- 7309325 TI - Gastric bypass criteria for effectiveness. AB - Weight loss patterns and revision rates in three sequential groups of patients with gastric bypasses and loop gastroenterostomies between 1965 and 1978 demonstrate the importance of a 50 ml volume of the upper segment measured at 25 to 30 cm water luminal pressure and a 10 to 12 mm diameter stoma. The need for a secure partition is well known. Reinforcement of the stoma to prevent dilation has contributed greatly to the success of gastroplasty and should be studied in gastric bypass. The importance of quality control and of both revision rate and weight patterns over five to ten years is emphasized. PMID- 7309326 TI - Gastroplasty in intractable obesity. AB - Three hundred patients underwent gastroplasty surgery for morbid obesity. The operation consisted of formation of a 45 to 60 millilitre (ml) proximal gastric pouch with a 10 to 12 millimeter (mm) channel located on the greater curvature of the stomach. The channel was supported by a continued seromuscular inverting layer of 2-0 polypropylene and a second interrupted inverting layer of 4-0 Dacron sutures. The early postoperative complication rate was 18.7 percent, including one cardiac death, for a 0.33 percent mortality rate. Late postoperative complication rate was 27.0 percent, with vomiting heading the list. Staple-line disruption continued to be of concern with stapling in continuity. Liquid or pureed diet restriction for the first 12 postoperative weeks decreased the incidence of vomiting which contributed to early staple-line dehiscence. Two applications of the TA 90 and preservation of adequate blood supply to the pouch were important factors in the prevention of this complication. The department of clinical nutrition was directly involved in the preoperative classes in nutrition designed to assist patients in making the proper psychological adaptation to the newly imposed dietary restrictions. Over 90 percent of total weight loss occurred at 12 months. At 24 months there was a 32.5 percent decrease from preoperative weight and a 63.4 percent excess weight loss. PMID- 7309327 TI - Partial and total biliopancreatic bypass in the surgical treatment of obesity. PMID- 7309328 TI - Truncal vagotomy in morbid obesity. AB - Vagotomy has been shown to reduce body weight in several species of experimental animals. Due to the relative safety and simplicity of the procedure and the long clinical evaluation of vagotomy in ulcer disease, truncal vagotomy without drainage has been performed in a series of 21 morbidly obese patients. The mean maximum body weight was 12.8 +/- 3 kg (s.e.). In the 14 patients observed for 12 40 months, the mean weight decrease is 20 +/- 4 kg (range: 0-51). Apart from lesion of the oesophagus in one patient, there have been no operative complications. In one 45-year-old patient sudden death due to myocardial fibrosis occurred three years after the operation. Four patients have had short episodes of diarrhea, and vomiting has occurred in two patients who "tested the limits'. There is no evidence of gastric dilatation or ulcers, yet gastric stasis is prevalent. Three patients are failures, two not having reduced and the third regaining 28 of her initial 31 kg weight loss postoperatively. Five patients have participated in programs for weight reduction in which they claim greater ease in complying than before operation, due to the characteristic lack of hunger sensations in all of the successful patients. The mechanisms for weight reduction after vagotomy are not known, yet seem to involve other factors than delayed gastric emptying of solids. Longer follow-up is necessary for evaluation of this procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity. PMID- 7309329 TI - Biliointestinal bypass. AB - To eliminate the blind loop in conventional jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and to maintain enteroheptic circulation of bile, thus hoping to diminish important side effects of JIB, biliontestinal bypass was introduced in 1975, entailing anastomosis of the blind jejunal loop to a functioning gallbladder. Twenty-two patients with a mean weight of 126 kg (91-154 kg) have had primary bilio intestinal bypass and another four secondary anastomosis of the gallbladder due to side-effects of the previous JIB. A mean weight reduction of 50 kg was achieved in the 20 patients observed for 24 months, without any serious side effects, corresponding to a reduction of overweight from 89 per cent preoperative to 14 per cent in a subsample of seven patients followed for five years. Without affecting body weight in the four patients subjected to secondary operation, it ameliorated the side-effects of JIB during observation of more than 6 months. Follow-up with i.v. cholangiography and Tc99 HIDA scintigram conclusively revealed open anastomoses in nine of ten patients adequately judged by the scan and no evidence of gallstones on 15 cholangiograms performed so far. Renal calculi were found in three patients, mainly in the first postoperative year but urine oxalate was in the normal range after more than years of follow-up. It is concluded that jejunoileal bypass combined with cholecystojejunostomy in patients with functioning gallbladders is a safe and relatively simple method for treating morbid obesity in selected cases. PMID- 7309330 TI - Appetitive behavior after gastric bypass for obesity. AB - Eating behavior patterns were studied in 80 gastric bypass patients at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Significant reduction occurred in the amount of food eaten and in the frequency of eating. An unexpected result was the selective reduction of food eaten in certain food categories. The reduction of calorically dense high carbohydrate foods indicates that gastric bypass surgery may have an effect on the digestion and absorption of food as well as the mechanical impairment of food intake secondary to the small stomach pouch. PMID- 7309331 TI - Control of body weight by lower gut signals. AB - The importance of the terminal ileum in the control of food intake and body weight was studied in rats made obese by VMH knife cuts and in lean controls. In the first study, 35 rats had either jejunoileal bypass, antibiotic infusion into the bypassed segment, resection of the bypassed segment of sham operation. All three experimental treatments reduced food intake and produced large and statistically equivalent weight losses compared to the sham surgery control. Apparently, physiological signals or bacterial toxins arising in the bypassed segment are not essential to the loss of body weight. In the second study, 38 rats had either 5 or 10 cm segments of the terminal ileum transposed to mid duodenum or upper jejunum or served as surgical controls. As in the previous study, the experimental rats reduced their food intake and sustained a substantial loss of body weight. Stimulation of the terminal ileum with nutrient rich chyme was sufficient to cause most of the weight loss seen after jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 7309332 TI - Intestinal bypass surgery produces conditioned taste aversion in rats. AB - Intestinal bypass surgery reduced the body weight of obese humans and rats primarily by decreasing food consumption. The present study reports that jejunoileal bypass surgery in rats produces a strong and persistent conditioned taste aversion to a novel-flavored solution with which it is paired. This finding indicates that the jejunioleal bypass produces a long-lasting malaise, which may be an important factor in the anorexia and weight loss produced by the operation. PMID- 7309333 TI - Musculo-skeletal abnormalities after jejunoileal bypass. AB - A mixture of osteomalacia and hyperparathyroidism is common after jejunoileal bypass (54 per cent). Bone biopsy is essential for diagnosis. Oral l alpha hydroxyvitamin D3 can rapidly reverse the abnormality. Some patients, however, fail to respond and this may be related to bacterial contamination of the excluded loop. Polyarthralgia is also a common side effect (13 per cent). It occurs in bouts lasting a few days and normally subsides spontaneously. It is often associated with skin lesions of vasculitic type. The attacks can be cut short by metronidazole. In some patients relapses are so frequent and severe that reversal of the bypass is indicated since it brings immediate and lasting relief. The possible immune mechanisms involved are complex. PMID- 7309334 TI - Liver failure after jejunoileal bypass: an appraisal. AB - The jejunoileal bypass until recently was the surgical modality of choice utilized in the treatment of morbid obesity. One of the reasons it has fallen from favor is that in the postoperative period a substantial number of patients (from 5-40 percent) will develop abnormalities of liver function. Of these, approximately 10 percent will require take down of their shunt. Perhaps as many as 30 percent of the remaining patients will show evidence of progressive liver changes, and even cirrhosis, when late biopsies (greater than five years) are compared to preoperative liver histology. PMID- 7309335 TI - The initiation of coiling behaviour prior to desiccation in the infective larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. PMID- 7309336 TI - Populations of strongyloid nematode infective stages in sheep pastures: comparison between direct pasture sampling and tracer lambs as estimators of larval abundance. PMID- 7309337 TI - The influence of thyroxine on the host-parasite relationship of Ancylostoma caninum in Swiss albino mice. PMID- 7309338 TI - Immunity acquired by sheep from an experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus. PMID- 7309339 TI - Proteins and surface proteins of Leishmania promastigotes and their possible relevance to the characterisation of strains. PMID- 7309340 TI - Susceptibility of Oncomelania hupensis formosana recombinants and hybrids with Oncomelania hupensis nosophora to infection with Schistosoma japonicum. PMID- 7309341 TI - Water and electrolyte balance in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus incubated in vitro: general procedures for the determination of water, sodium, potassium and chloride in protoscoleces. PMID- 7309342 TI - Water and electrolyte balance in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus incubated in vitro: effect of metabolic inhibitors. PMID- 7309343 TI - Studies on hydrogen bonds. Part IV. Proposed working criteria for assessing qualitative strength of hydrogen bonds. AB - The data obtained in the earlier parts of this series for the donor and acceptor end parameters of N-H...O and O-H...O hydrogen bonds have been utilised to obtain a qualitative working criterion to classify the hydrogen bonds into three categories: "very good" (VG), "moderately good" (MG) and weak (W). The general distribution curves for all the four parameters are found to be nearly of the Gaussian type. Assuming that the VG hydrogen bonds lie between O and +/- 1 sigma, MG hydrogen bonds between +/- 1 sigma and +/- 2 sigma, W hydrogen bonds beyond +/ 2 sigma (where sigma is the standard deviation), suitable cut-off limits for classifying the hydrogen bonds in the three categories have been derived. These limits are used to get VG and MG ranges for the four parameters 1 and theta (at the donor end) and zeta and xi (at the acceptor end). The qualitative strength of a hydrogen bond is decided by the cumulative application of the criteria to all the four parameters. The criterion has been further applied to some practical examples in conformation studies such as alpha-helix and can be used for obtaining suitable location of hydrogen atoms to form good hydrogen bonds. An empirical approach to the energy of hydrogen bonds in the three categories has also been presented. PMID- 7309344 TI - Beta-structure of polypeptides in non-aqueous solutions. I. Spectral characteristics of the polypeptide backbone. AB - The optical rotatory features of the beta-structure of the polypeptides in non aqueous solutions and films cast from these solutions have been investigated. The beta-structure of poly-S-benzyl-L-cysteine, poly-S-carbobenzoxy-L-cysteine and poly-S-benzyl-L-cysteine, poly-S-carbobenzoxy-L-cysteine and poly-O-carbo-bands of their films. The optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of these polypeptides are found to be very similar in both film and solution. In solvents promoting the beta-structure, the polypeptides are characterized by CD troughs in the n-pi* transition region of the peptide chromophore. The ORD spectra are found to be positive in sign throughout the visible and accessible ultraviolet regions and are interpreted in terms of the possible existence of a relatively much larger positive pi-pi* CD bands as compared with the negative n-pi* band. The rotatory data obtained in the non aqueous solution are compared with those obtained for other poly peptides in aqueous solutions, with respect to the type and extent of beta-structure present. PMID- 7309345 TI - Beta-structure of polypeptides in non-aqueous solutions. II. Side-chain orientation. AB - The specific side-chain orientations of the phenyl group in the polypeptides poly S-benzyl-L-cysteine, poly-S-carbobenzoxy-L-cysteine and poly-O-carbobenzoxy-L serine in the beta-structure have been studied by spectral measurements in solutions. All the three polypeptides exhibit aromatic CD bands, indicating the asymmetric placement of the side-chain phenyl rings when the polypeptide backbone takes up the antiparallel beta-structure. Supporting evidence for this is derived from n.m.r. spectra of the polypeptides, which show upfield shift of the phenyl protons due to the stacking of the aromatic rings. Molecular model building studies reveal the stacking of alternate phenyl groups along the polypeptide chain. PMID- 7309346 TI - Rigin, another phagocytosis-stimulating tetrapeptide isolated from human IgG. Confirmations of a hypothesis. AB - Structure-function and conformational studies of the molecule of phagocytosis stimulating tetrapeptide tuftsin permitted the conclusion that among products resulting from splitting of H-chain of IgG Human EU by trypsin, besides tuftsin (sequence 289-292), tuftsin-like tetrapeptide Gly-Gln-Pro-Arg may be also present; theoretical conformational analysis shows a considerable similarity of spatial arrangement of this tetrapeptide and tuftsin which testifies in favour of potential tuftsin-like activity of the tetrapeptide. Gly-Gln-Pro-Arg was synthesized and its phagocytosis stimulating activity was found equal to that of tuftsin. PMID- 7309347 TI - Computer-aided sequencing of a protein from the masses of its constituent peptide fragments. PMID- 7309348 TI - Synthesis of 8-L-tryptophan-oxytocin and determination of one of its conformational parameters. AB - The hormone analog 8-L-tryptophan-oxytocin was synthesized in solution by stepwise chain lengthening from the C-terminal residue. Active esters of 9 fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-amino acids were used for the incorporation of individual residues and thereby exposure to the tryptophan-containing intermediates both to acid conditions and to alkylation could be avoided. In a parallel experiment the parent compound, oxytocin, was prepared similarly. The final products were purified by countercurrent distribution. The presence of tyrosine (donor) and tryptophan (acceptor) in the chain was used for the measurement of the average intramolecular Tyr2-Trp8 distance by evaluation of intramolecular resonance energy transfer between their fluorescent side chains. Since the 8-L-tryptophan analog has high affinity for oxytocin receptors, it is reasonable to assume that its conformation is similar to that of the parent molecule and that in the latter the leucine-tyrosine distance is of about the same length. The distance of 13.5 Ao between the side chains of tyrosine and tryptophan measured in aqueous solution is compatible with the Tyr2-Leu8 distance determined with molecular models built according to the proposals of Walter for the biologically active conformation of oxytocin. PMID- 7309350 TI - N-methyl peptides. III. Solution conformational study and crystal structure of N pivaloyl-L-prolyl-N-methyl-N'-isopropyl-L-alaninamide. AB - The study of tBuCO-L-Pro-Me-L-Ala-NHiPr (1) by i.r. and n.m.r spectroscopies has indicated that the middle amide group accommodates preferentially the cis arrangement in inert (CCl4) and aprotic (DMSO) solvents. Cis conformers are folded by a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond involving both terminal CO and NH groups whereas the minor trans conformers accommodate an open conformation. The cis folded form is retained in the solid state and its crystal structure was fully characterized by X-ray diffraction. PMID- 7309349 TI - Conformational stability of porcine-pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitors (Kazal inhibitors). PMID- 7309351 TI - Conformational calculations on gastrin C-terminal tetrapeptide. AB - Energy optimizations were performed on some typical conformations of the gastrin C-terminal peptide amide NAc-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2. Two families of lowest energy conformations were found corresponding to: (a) alpha-helical structures; (b) conformations having beta-structure at the level of Trp residue, and C7-structure at the level of Asp residue. The two aromatic rings were folded on the peptide backbone and ca. 5 A distant from each other (centre to centre). The last family, favoured by energy and population probability, can better account for conformational experimental results and biological activity observations. PMID- 7309352 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study on solvent dependence of side chain conformations of tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives. AB - The stereoselectively beta-deuterated species of Ac-Ar-NHMe, Ac-Ar-OH and Ac-Ar OEt (Ar = Tyr and Trp) and H-Trp-NHMe were synthesized. 270-MHz 1H n.m.r. spectra of the normal and deuterated species of these aromatic amino acid derivatives were analyzed. For most of the tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives in various polar and nonpolar solvents, the lower-field and higher-field beta-proton signals were found to be due to the pro-S and pro-R protons, respectively. However, the alternative assignments apply for H-Trp-NHMe in aqueous solution and for Ac-Tyr NHMe and Ac-Trp-NHMe in nonpolar solvents. Such alternative assignments of beta proton signals were also found for H-Phe-NHMe, Ac-PHe-NMe2 and Ac-Phe-OtBu. From the analyses of the 1H n.m.r. spectra of tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives, the vicinal coupling constants and rotamer populations about the C alpha-C beta bond were determined in various solvents. The rotamer populations of H-Trp-NHMe, Ac-Ar NHMe, Ac-Ar-OH and Ac-Ar-OEt depend significantly on solvent polarity. Each of these four types of derivatives exhibits specific solvent-polarity dependences of rotamer populations. The solvent dependences of rotamer populations were substantially reduced on replacement of alpha-carbonyl group by methylene group, suggesting the effect of this carbonyl group in the solvent dependence of rotamer populations. PMID- 7309353 TI - Reaction of osmium reagents with amino acids and proteins. Reactivity of amino acid residues and peptide bond cleavage. AB - We report a study of the relative reactivity of the common amino acids and of their residues in lysozyme with osmium tetroxide, the osmium tetroxide-pyridine reagent, and with the oxo-osmium(VI)-pyridine reagent. With free amino acids, the osmium(VIII) reagents are most reactive with Met, Cys, His, Thr, Ser, Trp, Lys, and Pro; the osmium(VI) reagent only reacts significantly with His, Met, Cys, Thr, and Ser. In lysozyme, only Cys, Met, and Trp react extensively with the osmium(VIII) reagents; with the osmium(VI) reagent, Cys and Met are most reactive. We also note evidence both for cross-linking of proteins and for peptide bond cleavage, which appears to have considerable specificity for tryptophanyl residues. PMID- 7309354 TI - Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies on formaldehyde reactions with polyfunctional amino-acids. AB - Addition and condensation reactions of formaldehyde with polyfunctional amino acids and their N alpha-acetyl derivatives have been studied in neutral or mildly acid solutions using 13 C n.m.r. The first addition reaction, giving hydroxymethyls, is fast and incomplete with the amine, guanidyl, hydroxyl, indole and imidazole groups of the side chains, fast and complete with the sulfhydryl group, slow and complete with the amide group. For asparagine, threonine, histidine and tryptophan, the N alpha-hydroxymethyl condenses with the basic group of the side chain to give a cyclic compound. In the case of cysteine, it is the S-hydroxymethyl which condenses with the alpha-amino group. The value of the chemical shifts of the hydroxymethyls and of the methylene bondings will be of help in the study of the reactions of formaldehyde with proteins. PMID- 7309355 TI - Isolation of alpha-melanotropin and N, O-diacetylserine1-alpha-melanotropin from porcine pituitary extracts. AB - In the course of isolation of alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) from porcine pituitary extracts, a peptide with identical amino acid composition but slightly less polar properties compared to alpha-MSH was detected and isolated by partition chromatography. The new peptide was identified as N, O-diacetyl-Ser1 alpha-MSH by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. N, O diacetyl-Ser1-alpha-MSH was readily converted to alpha-MSH by incubation at pH 9.5. The O-acetyl analog of alpha-MSH was found to be as active as alpha-MSH in stimulating lipolysis in isolated rabbit adipocytes. PMID- 7309356 TI - Preparation of tritiated alpha-melanotropin with high specific radioactivity. AB - alpha-Melanotropin (alpha-MSH) was iodinated and 3,5-diiodotyr2-alpha-MSH was isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Catalytic dehalogenation of the diiodo derivative in the presence of tritium resulted in the formation of 3,5-ditritiotyr2-alpha-MSH. The tritiated peptide was purified by ion exchange and partition chromatography. The radioactive peptide was found to be homogeneous and identical to alpha-MSH by paper electrophoresis and HPLC. The tritiated alpha-MSH stimulated lipolysis in rabbit adipocytes nearly as well as alpha-MSH. The specific radioactivity of tritiated alpha-MSH was 42 Ci/mmol or 73% of the theoretical value. PMID- 7309357 TI - Triple helix coil transition of a blockpolymer with the sequence Boc-(Gly-Pro Pro)5-(Gly-Pro-Leu)5-(Gly-Pro-Pro)5-NH2. PMID- 7309358 TI - Polymeric 2-mercaptopyridine and 2-mercapto-nitrobenzene derivatives. New reagents for peptide synthesis. AB - Insoluble 2-mercaptopyridine and 2-mercapto-nitrobenzene derivatives were prepared by modification of commercially available polystyrene. Applicability of these polymers as reagents for the thiolytic removal of the 2 nitrophenylsulphenyl amino-protecting group and as supports for preparation of polymeric active esters was evaluated. Polymeric 2-mercaptopyridine (PMP) was found efficient for both purposes. It was used in the stepwise synthesis of Leu enkephalin via the polymeric reagent approach, serving as an Nps-cleaver. Polymeric esters derived from PMP and Boc-amino acids proved to be excellent acylators. Their usefulness is exemplified in the preparation of two dipeptides, which were produced rapidly and in high yields and purity. PMID- 7309359 TI - Conformational stability of fructose-1, 6-biphosphate aldolase from Ceratitis capitata. AB - Fructose 1, 6-biphosphate aldolase from Ceratitis capitata is a tetramer of identical subunits with 34% alpha-helix, 22% beta structure and 44% of aperiodic order. Increase of urea concentration up to 4.0 M results in non-cooperative reversible dissociation of the enzyme. Sodium dodecylsulphate 0.06% (w/v) dissociates the tetramer cooperatively with retention of the helical content. Thermal denaturation was a non-reversible cooperative process with a midpoint for the transition at 55 degrees. Cysteine residues are involved in this process and 2-mercaptoethanol preserves partially the enzyme activity. The acidic dissociation of the enzyme is a non-reversible process in contrast to the reversible basic dissociation. Increase of ionic strength results in a more ordered secondary structure for the monomer after acidic dissociation. PMID- 7309360 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of locust adipokinetic hormone. PMID- 7309361 TI - Design, synthesis and 13C- and 1H-N.M.R. investigation of a cyclic octapeptide to mimic the zinc-binding site of carboxyipeptidase A. PMID- 7309362 TI - Synthesis of histone model sequences for immobilization on a cross-linked polyacrylate matrix. AB - The synthesis of three peptide sequences which are useful as histone models, [Lys]5, [Lys]5-Pro and the sequence 17-27 of the lysine-rich histone from rabbit thymus Pro-Ala-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys-Pro is described. Three different methods for the synthesis are applied. [Lys] 5 is synthesized from the amino end beginning with N alpha-acryloyl-N epsilon-Cbo-lysine by successive coupling of Cbo-lysine to yield the pentalysine monomer CH2=CH-CO-[Lys(Cbo)]5 which can be used directly for radical copolymerization. [Lys]5-Pro is synthesized according to the conventional peptide synthesis using the carbobenzoxy group for N alpha protection and the tert,-butyl group for side chain protection. The carboxyl function is protected as tert.-butyl ester. The undecapeptide is synthesized in a similar manner. Instead of purifying the intermediate peptides by extraction, chromatography is used exclusively. The isolation of the unprotected peptides Lys Pro, [Lys]3-Pro, [Lys]4-Pro, [Lys]5-Pro and Pro-Ala-[Lys]4-[Ala]2-[Lys]2-Pro and their characterization using amino acid analysis, electrophoreses and field desorption mass spectrometry is also reported. PMID- 7309363 TI - Conformational characteristics of the N-acetyl-N'-methylamides of the four (Lys, Tyr) dipeptides. AB - The conformational properties of the N-acetyl-N'-methylamides of the dipeptides lysyl-lysine, lysyl-tyrosine, tyrosyl-lysine, and tyrosyl-tyrosine were studied by means of conformational energy calculations, by n.m.r. measurements in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide, and by circular dichroism in water, methanol, dioxane-water, and trifluoroethanol. Since these four dipeptides occur occasionally as bends in proteins, it was of interest to see whether short-range interactions, acting within the terminally blocked dipeptides, are sufficient to stabilize bend conformations significantly over other conformations. It was found that the four dipeptides exist as ensembles of conformations in solution. Therefore, it appears that longer-range interactions, such as those present in proteins, are required if bend conformations of these dipeptide sequences are to exist as stable conformations. Three of the dipeptides behave rather similarly. Both the CD and the n.m.r. experiments and computations indicate that the fourth (Lys-Tyr) differs from the others. It has a preference for compact conformations that appear to be stabilized by strong favorable interactions, primarily hydrogen bonds, between the tyrosyl and the lysyl side chains. The computations suggest that the presence of these interactions, and hence the existence of preferred conformations, is strongly solvent-dependent, and that these interactions are weakened in aqueous solution. PMID- 7309364 TI - Cleavage of dehydroalanine-containing peptides with mercuric acetate. AB - The dehydroalanine containing peptides glycyldehydroalanine and t-butyloxy carbonyl-L-alanyldehydroalanyl-beta-methyl-D, L-aspartic acid methyl ester were synthesized, respectively, from chloroacetamide and pyruvate and from t butyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-S-methyl-L-cysteinyl-beta-methyl-D, L-aspartic acid methyl ester. They were reacted with mercuric acetate in water, 50% methanol and dimethylformamide at 25 degrees and at 80 degrees for various time periods. Reaction proceeded to yield an amino acid amide from the N-terminal side of the unsaturated residue and pyruvate from the C-terminal side. Yields of amino acid amides were 76% for the dipeptide and 40% for the tripeptide. The applicability of the neutral reaction conditions employed to the cleavage of glycoproteins containing both O- and N-glycosidically-linked carbohydrate chains following beta elimination of the serine and threonine linked oligosaccharides is pointed out. PMID- 7309365 TI - Effect of hydration on the thermal stability of protein as measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Chymotrypsinogen A. AB - The thermal denaturation of chymotrypsinogen A was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry in the water-content range 0.09 -1.46 g water per g protein. At water contents above 0.82 g/g, the temperature, Td, and the enthalpy, delta Hd, of denaturation were almost independent of the water content. At lower water contents, however, both Td and delta Hd showed marked dependence on the water content. The Td increased with a decrease in the water content, whereas the delta Hd decreased with a decrease in the water content in the same region. The degree of hydration dependency of delta Hd exhibited a break at approximately 0.41 g/g, which indicated that at least two types of hydration phase contributed to the thermal stability of the protein. This behavior was similar to that noted for lysozyme. PMID- 7309366 TI - Circular dichroism spectra of trypsin and chymotrypsin complexes with Bowman-Birk or chickpea trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 7309367 TI - Synthesis of two analogs of a cyclic hexapeptide with disulfide bridge corresponding to bovine prothrombin precursor sequence 18-23. Extent of carboxylation by Vitamin K-Dependent carboxylase. AB - The synthesis of two analogs of sequence 18-23 of bovine prothrombin precursor is described. Hexapeptides Boc-Cys (Acm)-Leu-Glu(OBzl)-Glu(OBzl)-Pro-Cys (Acm)-OBzl and Ac-Cys(Acm-Leu-Glu(OBzl)-Glu(OBzl)-Pro-Cys(Acm)-OMe were synthesized in solution by stepwise addition of Boc-amino acids using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/N hydroxybenzotriazole as the coupling reagent. The acetamidomethyl groups were cleaved and oxidized, using iodine in methanol, to the protected cyclic disulfide in 62-69% yield. The O-benzyl groups were removed either by treatment with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride or hydrogen bromide in trifluoroacetic acid to give the cyclic hexapeptide disulfides, R1-Cys-Leu-Glu-Glu-Pro-Cys-OR2 where R1 - H or Ac and R2 = H or CH3. The cyclic hexapeptides were evaluated as substrates for vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. Both peptides are unusually poor substrates for the carboxylase, and each appears to inhibit carboxylation of Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu Leu, a good substrate for the enzyme. PMID- 7309368 TI - Potentiation of bradykinin with synthetic peptides on guinea pig ileum. AB - Potentiation of the activity of bradykinin on the isolated guinea pig ileum was studied using a designed test system with the synthetic peptides Leu-Val-Glu-Ser Ser-Lys, Thr-Pro-Val-Ser-Glu-Lys, derivatives of the former coupled to the N- and C-terminals of bradykinin and two peptides with phenylalanine substituted with its isomer L-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid in the 5- and 5,8-positions in bradykinin respectively. On average, two times potentiation effects were obtained at 10-6 to 10-8 M concentrations of the peptides. After elimination of the basic lysine no potentiation occurred with synthetic Leu-Val-Glu-Ser-Ser. With the [beta Phe5,8]-bradykinin a mixed sensitizing/potentiating effect was observed, suggesting that a separation of the two effects may be difficult with an intact receptor structure of this kind. This peptide was not hydrolyzed by carboxypeptidase B or chymotrypsin. PMID- 7309369 TI - Isolation and characterization of gonadotropin isohormones from the pituitary gland of pike eel (Muraenesox cinereus). AB - Pike eel gonadotropins were isolated from pituitary glands by 40% alcohol-6% ammonium acetate, pH 5.1 extraction and were purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and electrophoresis into four electrophoretically homogeneous forms. These four isohormones were biologically identified as gonadotropins by the stimulation of 32 P-uptake in 1 day-old chick testes, by the induction of ovulation in catfish, and by the in vitro production of testosterone from isolated rat Leydig cells and of androgen from carp testes. The amino acid composition of the isohormones were similar to other known piscine gonadotropins (carp and salmon) and were composed of two non-identical subunits with Tyr and Ser as N-terminal amino acid residues. The molecular weights of two subunits were 15000 and 10500, respectively, as estimated by SDS-gel disc electrophoresis. PMID- 7309370 TI - Disulfide bonds of glycoprotein hormones. Their selective reduction in the beta subunits of bovine lutropin and thyrotropin. PMID- 7309371 TI - Crystal structure and conformation of cyclo-L-cystine. AB - X-ray crystallographic investigations on cyclo-L-cystine show that the diketopiperazine ring is in a twisted boat form and the C-S-S-C bridge across the C alpha atoms has a negative chirality with chi 3 angle of - 94 degrees, The two peptides are significantly nonplanar with the omega values of - 10 degrees and - 16 degrees. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 11.216(4), b = 12.874(4), c = 5.978(3) and Z = 4. The structure was solved by heavy atom method and refined to an R index of 0.065. PMID- 7309372 TI - Amino acid composition and sequence analysis of sauvagine, a new active peptide from the skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of sauvagine, a new active polypeptide from the skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei, a frog of Central and South America, has been determined by automated liquid-phase procedure after specific removal of the N terminal pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, and specific cleavages at the single methionine and at the two arginine residues. The proposed sequence is: Pyr-Gly Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ile-Asp-Leu-Ser-Leu-Glu-Leu-Leu-Arg-Lys-Met-Ile-Glu-Ile -Glu-Lys Gln-Glu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Gln-Gln-Ala-Ala-Asn-Asn-Arg-Leu-Leu-Leu-Asp-Thr-Il e-NH2. Sauvagine possesses a number of pharmacological actions on diuresis, the cardiovascular system and endocrine glands; it can be considered the prototype of a new family of amphibian peptides, in addition to the tachykinins, bradykinins, dermorphins, caerulein-like and bombesin-like peptides. PMID- 7309373 TI - Occurrence of asparagine in "disallowed" conformations in proteins. PMID- 7309374 TI - Isolation and characterization of beta-lipotropin from the pituitary gland of the ostrich, Struthio camelus. AB - Avian beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) was purified from adenohypophyseal glands of the ostrich Struthio camelus by a procedure involving acid/acetone extraction, NaCl fractionation, CM-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-75 chromatography and paper electrophoresis (pH 6.7). The 90-amino acid peptide behaved as a single substance during polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing (pI of 6.0) and N-terminal analysis, the N-terminal amino acid being alanine. Ostrich beta-LPH exhibited lipolytic activity corresponding to an average minimal effective dose of 0.088 micrograms in rabbit adipose tissue. PMID- 7309375 TI - beta-Lipotropin: primary structure of the hormone from the ostrich pituitary gland. AB - The amino acid sequence of beta-lipotropin from the ostrich pituitary has been determined. It consists of 79 amino acids. The amino acid sequence has been determined as follows: H-(1)AlA-Leu-Pro-Pro-Ala-Ala-Met-Leu-Pro-(10)Ala-Ala-Ala Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Gly-Gl u-Glu-(20)Glu-Glu-Glu-Gly-Glu-Ala-Glu-Lys-Glu-Asp-(30)Gly Gly-Ser-Tyr-Arg-Met-A rg-His-Phe-Arg-(40)Trp-Gln-Ala-Pro-Leu-Lys-Asp-Lys-Arg-Tyr (50)Gly-Gly-Phe-Met- Ser-Ser-Glu-Arg-Gly-Arg-(60)Ala-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys Asn-Ala-(70)Ile-Val -Lys-Ser-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-(79)Gln-OH. When compared with the primary structures of other known beta-lipotropins, the sequence at the NH2 terminal, beta-melanotropin and beta-endorphin portions of the molecule exhibit considerable variability. PMID- 7309376 TI - Comparative study of the high molecular weight protein fraction of mustard (B. juncea) and rapeseed (B. campestris). AB - A method is described for isolating the high mol. wt. protein fraction of mustard and rapeseed in a homogeneous form. The protein from the two species had nearly identical sedimentation coefficients, molecular weights, intrinsic viscosity and fluorescence emission spectrum. However, differences in the amino acid composition were observed. Data on circular dichroism and rate of hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes suggested differences in the secondary structures and possibly amino acids sequence. PMID- 7309377 TI - Studies on peptides. CII. Synthesis of a heptacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of gastrin-releasing peptide. AB - The heptacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) was synthesized by assembling seven peptide fragments followed by deprotection with a new reagent system, IM trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole in TFA. The deprotected peptide was purified by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose followed by partition chromatography on Sephadex G-25. The latter was found to remove effectively the Met (O) derivative of GRP. The highly purified synthetic GRP was active as synthetic bombesin on the molar basis. A new carboxyl-activating reagent, thiazoline-2-thione, was employed for preparation of the necessary fragments. PMID- 7309378 TI - N-Methyl peptides. IV. Water and beta-turn in peptides. Crystal structure of N pivaloyl-L-prolyl-N,N'-dimethyl-D-alaninamide in the anhydrous and monohydrated states. AB - The model tripeptide tBuCO-L-Pro-Me-D-Ala-MHMe crystallizes in both anhydrous (1) and monohydrated (2) states: 1, monoclinic space group C2 with a = 20.030 (2) A, b = 5.836 (2) A, c = 14.958 (3) A and beta = 94.11 (1) degrees; 2, orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 6.971 (6) A, b = 11.766 (3) A, and c = 22.394 (8) A. Both crystal structures were solved by X-ray diffraction in order to characterize the influence of water on the molecular structure. The anhydrous molecule accommodates the well-known, beta II-folded conformation with three trans amide functions and an intramolecular i + 3 leads to hydrogen bond. In the hydrated molecule, water is inserted in a loop containing 12 atoms and induces some conformational changes of the peptide backbone. PMID- 7309379 TI - Use of perfluoroalkanoic acids as volatile ion pairing reagents in preparative HPLC. AB - This report describes the successful use of the ether soluble, ion pairing reagents perfluoropropoinic and perfluorobutyric acid in the preparative and analytical reserved phase HPLC of underivatised peptides. The preparative separation of a 1-g sample of Pyr-His-Gly, the proposed anorexigenic peptide, is described on C18-silica which was packed in a flexible-walled cartridge and subjected to radial compression. The mobile phase consisted of an aqueous solution of perfluorobutyric acid (5 mM) and a flow rate of 100 ml/min was used. The purified peptide was simply isolated by neutralizing and freeze-drying the corresponding peak and then extracting the excess ion pairing reagent with ether. The product was then shown to be homogeneous by analytical HPLC and amino acid analysis. The tripeptide failed to show any effect on food intake, water intake or body weight in female rats. Similarly no effect was noted on the reproductive cycles of the rat. PMID- 7309380 TI - Ovine prolactin. Isoelectricfocusing and characterization of the separated components. AB - Highly purified ovine prolactin was subjected to preparative isoelectricfocusing. Although complete separation of the isoelectrically different components was not achieved, four enriched fractions of these components were prepared by this method. Studies on the separated fractions revealed that these components of ovine prolactin, probably a result of deamidation processes, have rather different properties. The more acidic components appeared to be less active in both the radioreceptor assay on mammary gland membranes and the pigeon crop-sac assay. However, the more acidic forms appeared to be more immunoreactive as revealed by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 7309381 TI - Specific interactions involving guanidyl group observed in crystal structures. PMID- 7309382 TI - Purification and properties of rat skin acid phosphatases. PMID- 7309383 TI - Synthesis of chromophoric dehydro analog of leucine enkephalin. PMID- 7309384 TI - Role of non-planar peptide unit in regular polypeptide helices. New model for poly-beta-benzyl-L-Aspartate. AB - The effect of non-planarity of the peptide unit on helical structures stabilized by intrachain hydrogen bonds is discussed. While the present calculations generally agree with those already reported in the literature for right-handed helical structures, it is found that the most stable left-handed structure is a novel helix, called the delta-helix. Its helical parameters are close to these reported for poly-beta-benzyl-L -aspartate. Conformational energy calculations show that poly-beta-benzyl-L -aspartate with the delta-helical structure is considerably more stable than the structure it is generally believed to take up (the omega-helix) by about 15 kcal/mol-residue. PMID- 7309385 TI - Use of thiol acids in peptide segment coupling in non-aqueous solvents. AB - Methods for preparing protected peptide thiol acids by solution and solid-phase procedures have been developed. The coupling of boc-Gly-Ala-SH to polymer-bound Leu was effected with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (FDNB), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and heat. In each case, the resulting H-Gly-Ala leu-OH was analyzed for the content of H-Gly-D-Ala-Leu-OH (Izumiya test). The sensitivity of the test (0.1% epimer) was increased to 0.003% by developing a double chromatographic procedure involving partition chromatography prior to ion exchange chromatography. The amounts of DL epimer found in the H-Gly-Ala-Leu-OH for the various tests were (solvent and temperature in parentheses): DCC (CH2Cl2, 0 degrees), 0.012%; DCC (DMF, 24 degrees),0.04%; FDNB (DMF, 24 degrees), 0.53%; NBS (DMF, 24 degrees), 0.46%, heat (DMF, 60 degrees), 0.86%. Under the same conditions conventional couplings of Boc-Gly-Ala-OH gave: DCC (DMF, 24 degrees), 16.5%; DCC/1-hydroxybenzotriazole (DMF, 24 degrees), 0.13%. In a competitive coupling of equimolar amounts of Boc-Gly-Ala-SH and Boc-Gly-Ala-OH with DCC in DMF the level of DL epimer was 0.21%, indicating that the thiol acid can be selectively coupled in the presence of carboxyl groups. In a variation of the test Boc-Gly-Leu-SH coupled with DCC (CH2Cl2, 0 degrees) to resin bound Ala with an epimer level of 0.05%. PMID- 7309386 TI - Interaction of human serum albumin with hematoporphyrin and its Zn(2)+-and Fe(3)+ derivatives. AB - Human serum albumin at pH values above 6.8 has one strong binding site for hematoporphyrin; the stability constant of the 1:1 complex is about 10(6) M-1 as determined by Scatchard plot after estimation of the bound hematoporphyrin induced quenching of the fluorescence emitted by the single tryptophanyl residue of the protein. Determination of the tryptophan-to-hematoporphyrin energy transfer efficiency yields a Forster parameter R0 of 6.2 - 6.9 nm, depending on the value chosen to represent the donor-acceptor mutual orientation, and a tryptophan-to-hematoporphyrin distance of about 1.7 nm. Zn2+- and Fe3+ hematoporphyrin also give a 1:1 complex with albumin, probably binding at the same site as hematoporphyrin, as shown by the identity of the energy transfer parameters; however, the metal ions do not appear to be involved in the formation of the albumin-porphyrin complex. The albumin-hematoporphyrin interaction is drastically affected by the pH of the medium; below pH 6.5 we find a large number of binding sites with weak affinity for hematoporphyrin, which disappear upon increasing the pH. The main site, below pH 6.5, has an affinity comparable with that of the secondary sites. Circular dichroism studies show that the pH effect is due to a change in the protein conformation leading to different interactions between bound porphyrin and specific amino acid side chains. PMID- 7309387 TI - Anorexia nervosa: recent developments. PMID- 7309388 TI - Anorexia nervosa: in quest of the lesions. PMID- 7309389 TI - Anorexia nervosa: let's get going. AB - A psychiatrist and President of the American Anorexia Nervosa Association presents a personal account of the development of his interest in this disorder. Progress in understanding the etiology of anorexia nervosa has been slow. For the benefit of patients and families, there is a need to organize information on treatment of anorexia nervosa and on the practitioners who are qualified to provide such treatment. PMID- 7309390 TI - Anorexia nervosa: a retrospective view. AB - Philosophical and theological notions regarding food and eating are briefly reviewed, as is the history of anorexia nervosa. Modern studies of social, psychological, and biological aspects of anorexia nervosa have failed, as yet, to provide an organized coherent understanding of the etiology of this disorder. PMID- 7309391 TI - Anorexia nervosa at normal body weight!--The abnormal normal weight control syndrome. AB - Disgust with "fatness" and a consequent preoccupation with body weight, coupled with an inability to reduce it to or sustain it at the desired low level, characterizes the abnormal normal weight control syndrome. Individuals remain sexually active in a biological sense and often also socially. Indeed their sexual behaviour may be as impulse ridden as is their eating behaviour, which often comprises phases of massive bingeing coupled with vomiting and/or purgation. The syndrome is unlike frank anorexia nervosa in that the latter involves a regression to a position of phobic avoidance of normal body weight and consequent low body weight control with inhibition of both biological and social sexual activity. In abnormal normal weight control there is a strong and sometimes desperate hedonistic and extrovert element that will often not be denied so long as body weight does not get too low. Individuals nevertheless feel desperately "out of control" and insecure beneath their bravura. The syndrome is much more common in females than in males. There is a clinical overlap with anorexia nervosa and obesity in many cases as the disorder evolves. Depression, stealing, drug dependence (including alcohol) and acute self-poisoning and self mutilation are common complications. Clinic cases probably only represent the tip of the iceberg of the much more widespread morbidity within the general population. Like anorexia nervosa and for the same reasons the disorder is probably more common than it used to be. PMID- 7309392 TI - Diagnostic issues in primary anorexia nervosa. AB - A literature review and clinical case presentation approach are employed to highlight unresolved diagnostic issues in Primary Anorexia Nervosa. The material is examined and discussed along a multidimensional list of variables considered important for the diagnosis, including definitions of weight loss, associated biological symptoms, eating patterns and body image disturbances. PMID- 7309393 TI - The 24-hour LH test in the diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - Studies of patterns of lutenizing hormone (LH) secretion in anorexia nervosa are reviewed. Restoration of ideal weight is not always associated with return to adult circadian LH secretion patterns. Abnormalities in LH secretion (immature patterns) may represent a biological "marker" of active anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7309394 TI - Anorexia nervosa and salivary gland enlargement. AB - Enlargement of the salivary glands can occur in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). This enlargement appears to be related to both the nutritional deficiencies and the bizarre eating habits (particularly the bulimia and vomiting) characteristic of these patients. In some patients, the salivary gland enlargement persists despite return to normal weight. Three patients illustrating this finding are described and the implications of this association between AN and salivary gland enlargement are discussed. PMID- 7309395 TI - Body image in anorexia nervosa: measurement, theory and clinical implications. AB - Clinical manifestations of body image disturbance in anorexia nervosa are described including size misperceptions and faulty beliefs about shape. The empirical investigations of body image aberrations in anorexia nervosa are critically reviewed. Methodological issues such as reliability, validity subject selection and sources of experimental bias are discussed with recommendations for further research. Theoretical explanations for the mechanisms determining self overestimation are presented with data indicating a relationship between self overestimation, body satisfaction and self-esteem. Finally, a therapeutic approach is suggested that is aimed specifically at modifying the patient's faculty beliefs about her body while coping with her refractory self misperceptions. PMID- 7309396 TI - Neuropsychological correlations of anorexia nervosa. AB - Fifteen anorectic individuals were compared with a group of other psychiatric disorders with respect to the incidence of deviation in cognitive performance on a neuropsychological screening battery. A significant incidence of deviations in cognitive performance was found for the anorectic patients. The results are discussed in terms of possible neuropsychological implications that warrant future investigation. PMID- 7309397 TI - Family therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: theory and technique. AB - Family systems theory views anorexia nervosa not only as a product of dysfunctional transactional patterns within a family, but also as a crucial stabilizing element within the family. This paper describes the dysfunctional characteristics of anorexic families as well as the relevance of these characteristics to the anorexic symptoms. Two approaches to the treatment of these families, one developed by Minuchin and the other by Selvini Palazzoli, are described and the compatability of family therapy with individual therapy is briefly discussed. PMID- 7309398 TI - Learning about rehabilitation. AB - Not many teaching hospitals or practices in Britain can offer a single service specialty of rehabilitation as a forum for undergraduate learning, and it is therefore necessary either to create a simulated programme or to draw together a range of services or specialties solely for teaching purposes. In this paper, a short medical undergraduate course at Aberdeen University Medical School, using the second approach, is described. The focus of the course was on the doctor's role, in every patient and specialty, in the active prevention of temporary or permanent dependence and the ultimate aim was to create in medical students a more positive attitude to holistic patient management. A problem-solving framework was used, in which the students were asked to draw up a provisional problem list for patients from nearly all specialties seen in the post-acute phase in Aberdeen hospitals and in the recovering or adapted state at home. In was hoped that in the process of compiling the data-base students would gain some knowledge of the functional consequences of illness and of the profession and services which might be able to help. Students then met clinical staff to discuss their problem lists and the doctor's role in preventing or treating functional problems. Subjective assessments of the course by students and staff suggest that, although the students had difficulty at first in seeing the doctor's role in relation to functional problems, by the end of the course most had acquired, through discussion of particular patients, awareness of the importance of that role in assessment and patient education. On the basis of this attempt, the course will be continued but with some modifications. PMID- 7309399 TI - The development of a co-location system for the treatment of the severely brain damaged. PMID- 7309400 TI - Problems in the management of combined brachial plexus and spinal cord injuries. AB - Despite the fact that spinal cord injury is rarely seen without other injuries, the association with brachial plexus lesions has been very infrequently reported. Eleven cases of such injuries are reported, six as a result of motorcycle accidents. The brachial plexus lesion is often overlooked because clinical attention is naturally directed to the spinal cord. The patient often is unable to give a coherent history due to head injury, and the paralysis may be thought to be due to the spinal cord lesion or the head injury. The brachial plexus lesion greatly complicates rehabilitation and requires attention to detail at all stages, preferably by rehabilitation teams experienced in this field. PMID- 7309401 TI - Measurement of integrated sensory-motor function following brain damage by a computerized preview tracking task. AB - A preview tracking task has been developed which has particular application to neurological assessment and rehabilitation. Generated and monitored by a graphic display computer, it permits accurate global quantification of the upper-limb sensory-motor system. The incorporation of 'preview' into the tracking task is considered to significantly increase its effectiveness and relevance in relation to normal daily activities. Applied to three groups of normal subjects, several features of normal psychomotor performance and learning were identified or verified: hand dominance is not significant in overall arm control; learning does not completely plateau; increase in age (15-59 years) results in only a minor overall decrement in performance; an initial wide performance distribution decreases dramatically in subsequent sessions. Applied to brain-damaged patients, particularly head injury or stroke, the preview tracking task allows assessment at regular intervals enabling sensory-motor recovery curves to be generated. The potential of this technique, to help determine the efficacy of therapeutic procedures on the recovery process, is illustrated with the presentation of results from three brain-damaged patients demonstrating zero, significant and disjointed recovery of sensory-motor function. The usefulness of the preview tracking task can be expanded by combination with a less frequently applied but more component specific neurological assessment battery. PMID- 7309402 TI - Discrepancies between capabilities and performance of activities of daily living in multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Comparisons were made between capabilities in activities of daily living assessed by an occupational therapist and performance as reported by a relative in 25 patients with multiple sclerosis and 25 physically disabled non-brain-damaged patients. No significant differences were found between the two groups. However, discrepancies were found between patients' self-ratings and those of both occupational therapists and relatives, which were significantly greater in the multiple sclerosis group that the controls. These discrepancies were found to correlate with impairment on some measures of intellectual functioning. PMID- 7309403 TI - Socioeconomic effects of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Subjects with ankylosing spondylitis are frequently required to make many adjustments to their lifestyle. As these occur over many years, accommodation to the disease is usually accomplished adequately. However, it is important that the physician is aware of the functional problems, of which the patient will rarely complain, and should be able to advise and summon help, particularly with regard to employment and sexual activity. The problems of women with the illness need further exploration. PMID- 7309404 TI - Cognitive development and cerebral lateralization in children with learning disabilities. AB - Basic assumptions related to research with learning disabled children are critically examined as they pertain to conceptual models of the relationship between cerebral lateralization and cognitive development. Based on this review, it seems that some assumptions regarding the relationship between cerebral lateralization and cognitive development among learning disabled children are without strong empirical support. Consequently, researchers in this area need to be particularly aware of underlying assumptions related to their research and may need to discuss their results from a more current perspective. PMID- 7309405 TI - Lateralized differences associated with semantically varied auditory material. AB - EEGs were recorded from 13 subjects while they listened to four tape-recorded passages differing in semantic content. The distribution of alpha band power over the two hemispheres, measured at T3/T4, was found to show significant task dependent shifts. More reality-oriented passages tended to be processed with greater left-hemisphere involvement, while "pleasurable" material showed significant right-hemisphere involvement. Since the differences in laterality were not related to grammatical measures of linguistic complexity, the apparent shifts were attributed to semantic differences between the tasks. Explanation of the results is made in terms of a theory of the metacontrol of cerebral processing. PMID- 7309406 TI - Effects of stimulus location and pattern upon the visually evoked cortical potential and the electroretinogram. AB - The pattern properties of the visually evoked potential and the electroretinogram have been investigated for phase alternated patterns of checks presented to the near periphery of the retina. When the eye was light-adapted, coarse patterns became relatively more effective for eliciting the evoked potential as the stimulus was moved away from the fovea. Fine patterns were most effective in the center of the field. The electroretinogram responded best to coarse spatial frequencies at all retinal locations. At a lower level of light adaptation the sensitivity of the evoked potential shifted to coarse spatial frequencies in the center of the field, but did not change appreciably in the periphery. The results may reflect some of the dynamic properties of visual fields. PMID- 7309407 TI - Re-examination of the factor structure of the Receptive Language scale of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. AB - The Receptive Language scale of the Luria--Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery assesses verbal comprehension skills ranging widely in complexity. Although a relatively complex factor structure was anticipated, a previous factor analysis of the scale revealed only one strong factor, phonemic discrimination. The present study re-examined the factor structure of the Receptive Language items using a substantially larger number of subjects with a larger proportion of brain damaged subjects than in the earlier study. Seven major factors emerged which varied on a dimension of complexity of comprehension from phonemic discrimination through comprehension of complex grammatical relationships. Reasons for the difference in results obtained in the present study are suggested and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7309408 TI - The assessment of specific neuropsychological skills using scales derived from factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological battery. AB - The major scales of the Luria--Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery have been factor analyzed in a series of recent studies. These factors tend to be organized around one or two basic neuropsychological skills. The present study developed 30 scales of items loading heavily on those factors and determined performance norms on the scales on a group of 81 normal subjects. The Luria--Nebraska Battery was administered to eight groups of subjects with brain-damage localized to the frontal, sensorimotor, parietal-occipital or temporal areas of the right or left hemisphere. The performance of each of these groups on the 30 factor scales is described. The factor scales appear to facilitate assessment of specific skill deficits and appear potentially useful for both diagnosis and rehabilitation. PMID- 7309409 TI - Effects of suggestion on increasing or decreasing skin temperature control. AB - In a 2 x 3 factorial design, 44 college students were assigned the task of either increasing or decreasing their hand skin temperature, receiving either suggestions, pseudo-suggestions, or no suggestions (response-specific instructions only). Subjects receiving suggestions heard imagery phrases related to increasing or decreasing hand skin temperature; subjects in the pseudo suggestion condition heard phrases related to electronics; subjects in the response-specific condition were told only to increase or decrease their skin temperature prior to training. All subjects participated in three training sessions. Analyses of the third session indicated a significant main effect for temperature direction and a significant interaction effect. A marginally significant main effect for suggestion was obtained. The results suggest that the ability of a subject to regulate hand skin temperature is influenced by the combination of required direction of change and type of suggestion. The data support the notion that pseudo-suggestions may act as a distractor which disrupts the ability of a subject to control hand skin temperature in both the increase and decrease directions. PMID- 7309410 TI - Sex differences in the interaction of emotional factors with memory. AB - Subjects were required to freely-associate to a series of words, half of which had high emotionality ratings, and were then randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group had to recall the associates they had produced five minutes, and the other 24 hours, later. This design was adopted to differentiate between word emotionality and subject arousal as explanations of previous findings with this paradigm, that there were memory differences on emotional words. Results were inconsistent with the arousal hypothesis and indicated that word emotionality did appear to interact with memory. Further, measurements of reaction times in the initial association task showed that male subjects had increased latencies to words which followed emotionally rated words. The findings are discussed, and speculatively explained, in terms of sex differences in hemispheric lateralization, and also offer some support for psychodynamic theories of memory effects. PMID- 7309411 TI - Effects of d-amphetamine on colonic and skin temperatures of rats kept at various ambient temperatures. AB - d-Amphetamine-treated rats (15 mg/kg) were compared with untreated controls at various ambient temperatures. Colonic and skin temperatures were recorded and their ratio analyzed as a function of ambient temperature. The interaction of the peripheral receptor system (skin) with the central thermoregulatory mechanisms is discussed. The possible utility of this index as a simpler expression of the functional relationship which neither requires nor contradicts the concept of a "set point" is proposed. PMID- 7309412 TI - Personality type, life events and sudden cerebrovascular attack. AB - The severity of cerebrovascular attack (CVA) in patients having no known history of cardiovascular problems tends to be influenced by two factors: (a) recent life events; and (b) "type A" personality. It was found that the higher the frequency of life events reported by the CVA patients, the more severe were the CVAs. The percentage of CVA patients having no known history of cardiovascular disorders who were of type A personality was much higher among the more severe CVA patients. The results of this study indicate the importance of these factors in precipitating CVA. PMID- 7309413 TI - Nocturnal electrographic features of frequently changing-irregular sleep wakefulness rhythms. AB - Polygraphic characteristics of nocturnal sleep associated with frequently changing-irregular rest-activity schedules were investigated in healthy young adults. Two groups each of 12 male university students were classified according to a priori criteria as either: (a) controls who slept regularly for 7--8 hr at night or (b) whose retiring and arising times combined varied chronically +/- 1.5 hr. Sleep was recorded during three consecutive 8-hr nocturnal periods at fixed clock times. Polygraphic indices generally reflected greater discontinuity and fragmentation associated with the nocturnal sleep in the young adults whose 24-hr rest-activity cycle tended to be frequently changing-irregular. The significantly: (a) larger absolute quantities of (i) transitional stage 1 sleep, (ii) intermittent wakefulness and (b) increases stage shifts provided some indication that the intrasleep cycle becomes disturbed when rest-activity schedules follow no predictable pattern in the everyday environment. Despite, or because of, the enforced hour (11:30 p.m +/- 30 min) for retiring, it is possible that the capacity to fall asleep had become phase-delayed among subjects with irregular rest-activity schedules who experienced more initial wakefulness (on average) before sleep onset stage 1. Finally, the recorded sleep perturbations associated with frequently changing-irregular schedules were extremely variable across nights and among individuals. This was especially pronounced on a nightly basis as reflected by significantly larger variability (SDs): (a) in the latency to sleep onset, for (b) total time asleep, (c) intermittent wakefulness, and (d) the ultradian (90-min) REM cycle. Variability (the SD) between individuals was also more substantial for these same polygraphic measures at statistically significant levels. PMID- 7309414 TI - Sensory interaction, brain activity, and reading ability in young adults. AB - Forty-one Navy recruits were divided into two groups (HIGH versus LOW) based on reading ability. Eight channels of visual (VERP), auditory (AERP), and bimodal (BERP) event related brain potential data were analyzed in order to assess the relationship between sensory interaction and reading ability. The HIGH group showed greater VERP amplitude than did the LOW group, while the lOW group showed greater AERP and BERP amplitude than did the HIGH group. Discriminant analysis provided separation of the two groups when VERP and AERP variables were used but not BERP variables. Sensory modality interaction was assessed through the derived expression. Greatest group differences were found late in the waveform (between 300 and 400 msec) suggesting that sensory interaction also affects higher-order cognitive functioning. Distractability may partially account for the ERP differences found for the two reading groups. PMID- 7309415 TI - Event-related slow potentials and activity of singly neurons in rat frontal cortex. AB - Event-related slow potentials and single unit activity were recorded from frontal cortex of unanesthetized, restrained rats trained to associate an auditory cue with rewarding medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation. The majority of cortical units demonstrated an alteration of firing rate after the cue, with the predominant response being excitatory. The patterns of unit response during the interval between the cue and reinforcement varied considerable and few units showed a pattern which coincided temporally with the wave forms of the negative slow potential responses. These results indicate that negative cortical slow potential responses to meaningful stimuli are associated with an overall increase in activity of cortical neurons. PMID- 7309416 TI - Sleep and human cerebellar pathology. AB - The organization and the quantitative evaluation of sleep stages were studied in patients with cerebellar syndrome. 25 polygraphic night recordings were scored according to the criteria suggested by Rechtschaffen & Kales (1968) and the sleep parameters investigated were referred to those indicated by Williams et al. (1974). The results matched with a homogeneous sample of normal subjects. Significant alterations were observed for several parameters of sleep, and the possible causes discussed. PMID- 7309417 TI - Effects of presenile dementia of the Alzheimer's type on brainstem transmission time. AB - Central transmission time (CTT) between the first and fifth wave of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) was assessed in a group of patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from presenile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. CTT was significantly longer in patients compared to healthy young and elderly volunteers. Age per se did not result in prolonged peak latencies or CTT. These results indicate that far-field and early near-field evoked potentials may be of utility in early diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction associated with diffuse degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and related diseases. PMID- 7309418 TI - Entropy as an index of the informational state of neurons. AB - Techniques were developed for using the classical information theory descriptor, entropy, to quantify the "uncertainty" present in neuronal spike trains. Entropy was calculated on the basis of a method that describes the relative relationships of serially ordered interspike intervals by encoding the intervals as a series of symbols, each of which depicts the relative duration of two adjacent spike intervals. Each symbol, or set of symbols has a specific fractional entropy value, derived from its probability of occurrence; moreover, fractional entropy can describe the relative amount of "information" that is associated with the relative location of a given symbol in a string of symbols. Using spike trains from 12 single neurons in the cerebellar cortex of rats, we determined: (1) the mean and S.D. of information content of each symbol in each specific position in a group of symbols (2-4 symbols/group, based on 3-5 adjacent intervals), (2) the 4-symbol groups which had the least and the most average fractional entropy, (3) that the 4-symbol groups with both low and high fractional entropy had significant positive correlations with the probability of occurrence of those groups after a drug treatment (ethanol), and (4) that the degree of drug-induced change in the incidence of both low- and high-fractional entropy groups did not correlate with predrug entropy. Thus, the entropy of clusters of 3-5 adjacent spike intervals, when computed in this particular way, seems to be a useful measure or index of the informational state of neurons. PMID- 7309419 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of Stroop stimuli: the effect of enhancement of spatial skills. AB - There is a body of evidence which supports the concept of biological determinants of hemispheric asymmetry. In addition, there appear to be environmental influences. the present investigation was designed to determine whether there are differences, on the Stroop phenomenon, between individuals with more developed spatial skills and controls, as well as between males and females. Thirty-six art students and 27 psychology students who had no training in drawing participated in this study. There were 25 males and 38 females, all of whom were right-handed. An analysis of covariance revealed that the covariable, the word, was significantly related to the color score for all groups. There was a significant difference between art students and controls and between males and females. Male art students had a significantly larger corrected color response mean than all other groups. There appears to be not only a significant statistical interaction but perhaps an interaction of biology with environment as well. PMID- 7309420 TI - Ocular sports injuries: a review of cases on file in the Massachusetts eye and ear infirmary pathology laboratory. PMID- 7309421 TI - Ocular sports injuries. PMID- 7309422 TI - Eye injuries in the military. PMID- 7309423 TI - Contact lenses for athletes. PMID- 7309424 TI - Ocular sports injuries. Principles of protection. PMID- 7309425 TI - Ocular sports injuries. Standards of protection and prevention. I. Applications of protective principles from industry. PMID- 7309426 TI - Ocular sports injuries. Standards of protection and prevention. II. The role of government in injury prevention. PMID- 7309428 TI - Ocular sports injuries. Legal aspects. I. Patient's perspective. PMID- 7309429 TI - Ocular sports injuries. Legal aspects. II. Lawyer's perspective. PMID- 7309427 TI - Ocular sports injuries. Economic considerations. PMID- 7309430 TI - The incidence of eye injuries in sports. PMID- 7309431 TI - National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting System: eye injuries in college wrestling. PMID- 7309432 TI - Eye injuries in racket sports. PMID- 7309433 TI - Pigmentary abnormalities of the macula in rhesus monkeys: clinical observations. AB - In a survey of 546 rhesus monkeys of various ages, 6.1% of the animals showed ophthalmoscopically visible hypopigmented spots in their maculas. There was a statistically significant correlation between the age of the animal and the degree of hypopigmentation. Electroretinographic responses and visually evoked potentials were evaluated in a selected group of monkeys with and without hypopigmented macular spots. No significant change in retinal function as a result of the macular abnormalities could be detected. PMID- 7309435 TI - Amblyopic eyes have longer reaction times. AB - The RT (reaction time) to a 0.25 degree spot of light was measured monocularly on 25 normal subjects and 36 strabismic patients. The overall mean RT and the delta RT (difference in RT between the right and left eyes) for the 19 strabismic patients without amblyopia did not differ significantly from that of the normal subjects. The overall mean RT of the dominant eyes of the 17 amblyopic patients did not differ significantly from that of either the faster of slower eyes of the normal subjects. The overall mean RT of the amblyopic eyes was significantly longer than that of the normal subjects. The delta RT was significantly larger in the amblyopic patients. A regression analysis of the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye and the delta RT showed that the data was best fit by a linear equation. The coefficient of correlation was +0.82. Additional experiments showed that the longer Rt of the amblyopic eyes was not caused by eccentric fixation or by the reduced visual acuity. PMID- 7309437 TI - Evaluation and comparison of commercial vitreous fluorophotometers. AB - The Metricon vitreous fluorophotometer and two models by Gamma Scientific were evaluated. The lower limit of detection of the Metricon and the 2900 Gamma Scientific were found to be satisfactory. Because of the DR2 Gamma Scientific high dark noise, an external electronic filter had to be added to achieve a lower limit of detection, which was borderline for vitreous fluorophotometry. The error of the systems was found to be acceptable except for the DR2 Gamma Scientific at low concentrations. However, it was demonstrated that the determining factor for reliability is the level of artifactual readings. It was shown that the level of artifact is acceptable for the Gamma Scientific models but high for the Metricon, in which significant error could be induced in patients with borderline fluorescein leakage. Other technical aspects of the systems are discussed. PMID- 7309434 TI - Aerobic responses of the cornea to ophthalmic preservatives, measured in vivo. AB - A micropolarographic system was used to measure the effects of several concentrations of benzalkonium chloride and thimerosal on oxygen uptake by the cornea. Although the threshold of 0.01% found for benzalkonium chloride generally agreed with other criteria (e.g., clinical and histologic) in the current literature, the threshold for thimerosal was somewhat higher, 1.0%, indicating a substantially greater aerobic activity tolerance of the cornea to initial direct exposures of that agent then to benzalkonium chloride. PMID- 7309438 TI - Induced movement of receptor alignment toward a new pupillary aperture. AB - Bonds and MacLeod (1978) reported on an individual whose receptors, as measured by the peak of the Stiles-Crawford function, were oriented in the direction of a traumatically displaced pupil. In an attempt to demonstrate that this orientational response is caused by an active alignment process and not simply a result of passive forces due to the traumatic ocular injury, we attempted to influence receptor alignment in the same eye by artificially creating a centered pupil. This was accomplished by placing on the subject's dilated eye a soft contact lens containing a centered 2mm artificial pupil. Receptor alignment (inferred from the entrance pupil location of the peak of the Stiles-Crawford function) significantly changed (0.8 mm) in the direction of the "new pupil" over a time course of 5 days. This alignment persisted for as long as the pupil was worn (1 month). With removal of the artificial pupil, the receptor alignment returned to its original eccentric orientation in 5 days. The results indicate that an active phototropic mechanism significantly influences receptor alignment toward the pupillary aperture. PMID- 7309436 TI - Vitreous fluorophotometry: identification of sources of variability. AB - Slit-lamp vitreous fluorophotometry (VF) has been used by several investigators to document the early breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier. After an injection of fluorescein, levels of fluorescein in the vitreous humor are reported to be elevated in diabetic patients compared with controls even when there is no retinal pathologic condition discernible by angiography or ophthalmoscopy. We have examined the technique of VF in normal persons and have identified several potential sources of error in the determination of vitreous fluorescein levels. Fluorescein in the choroidal circulation significantly influences VF readings taken at the retinal surface and in the posterior vitreous. This effect is modulated by ocular pigmentation, with heavy pigmentation of dark-eyed normals more effectively screening out choroidal fluorescence than the light pigmentation of blue-eyed subjects. Influence of choroidal fluorescein extends toward the midvitreous, and the range of influence is directly related to the slit width of the exciting light. At narrow slit widths the effect is diminished but can never be completely eliminated. Blood fluorescein levels decrease with time, and since choroidal fluorescein contributes to VF values, the time after injection that VF reading are taken is a critical parameter. PMID- 7309439 TI - Sensitivity deficits consistent with aberrant crossed visual pathways in human albinos. AB - There is both anatomical and electrophysiological evidence that human albinos have abnormally crossed visual pathways. The present study examined some perceptual consequences of such pathways on the visual abilities of 12 oculocutaneous albinos and one ocular albino. Measurements were made of visual fields in all subjects. For seven subjects, contrast sensitivity functions were obtained for the central, nasal, and temporal retinas. There was a wide variation in the dimensions of the visual fields, but there was no evidence for a loss corresponding to the origin of the aberrant projections. On the basis of their contrast sensitivity functions, however, it was possible to classify the albinos into two groups. One group, with higher overall sensitivity, showed no differences between central, nasal, and temporal retina. The other group showed a marked depression in sensitivity for the temporal retina, indicating that in some albinos, information from the retinal region corresponding to the aberrant pathway is degraded. PMID- 7309440 TI - Serum immuno reactive trypsin and pancreatic isoamylase in older patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7309441 TI - Prolactin and coeliac disease. PMID- 7309442 TI - A comparison of oral cholecystography and ultrasound. PMID- 7309443 TI - Hereditary angioedema--a cause of abdominal pain, often missed? PMID- 7309444 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in acute arsenic poisoning. PMID- 7309445 TI - Extracranial to intracranial vascular anastomosis for ischaemic cerebrovascular disease - a preliminary report. PMID- 7309446 TI - Clinical aspects of familial hemiplegic migraine in two families. PMID- 7309447 TI - Appendicectomy in pregnancy. PMID- 7309448 TI - Tuberculosis as an orthopaedic problem in western Ireland. PMID- 7309449 TI - A prospective study of primary healing in lower limb amputations. PMID- 7309450 TI - Respiratory consequences of burn injury. PMID- 7309451 TI - Cardiac pacing and the sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7309452 TI - The economics of drug prescribing in Ireland. PMID- 7309453 TI - Perinatal mortality 1980. PMID- 7309454 TI - Death in the cradle. PMID- 7309455 TI - Dietary intake. PMID- 7309457 TI - Home monitoring and self-management of diabetes in a rural population. PMID- 7309456 TI - Home monitoring of diabetes: a comparison of four field methods for analysing glucose levels. PMID- 7309458 TI - Alopecia Universalis - Is pituitary function abnormal? PMID- 7309459 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis - initial experience. PMID- 7309461 TI - The prevalence and management of vitamin D deficiency in an acute geriatric unit. PMID- 7309460 TI - The evaluation of iron status in non-dialysis dependent renal failure. PMID- 7309462 TI - An investigation into the source of the small unclassified antepartum haemorrhage. PMID- 7309463 TI - A study of gastric pH at delivery. PMID- 7309464 TI - Epidemiology of breast cancer. Preventive aspects. AB - Descriptive data demonstrate a marked variation in the incidence of breast cancer in distinct populations, which is closely linked to socioeconomic status and correlated with a differential age-specific incidence pattern and time trends. These suggest a westernization effect, and the possible existence of two distinct disease entities--pre- and postmenopausal. Known risk factors may be defined in a number of ways. From a preventive standpoint, a practical classification is suggested whereby risk factors are grouped as preventable, modifiable, unapproachable or spurious. The only risk factors which seem definite at present are estrogen exposure, family history and radiation, with the possible contribution of benign breast disease, replacement hormones, and diet. The only preventable factors are radiation and possibly long-term hormonal replacement, but their contribution to the disease indicence in the population is minimal. Two theoretically modifiable factors are diet and age at first birth, but the latter cannot be easily influenced, and the effect of dietary modification is still unsubstantiated. PMID- 7309465 TI - Epidemiological review of breast cancer in Israel. AB - Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women in Israel. Approximately 1,000 new cases are diagnosed yearly. The peak incidence in all the population groups and periods observed is after the menopause. A steady increase in female breast cancer indicence was observed over a 17-yr period. The greatest increase occurred in the low-incidence group of Jews born in Asia/Africa. PMID- 7309466 TI - Male breast cancer in Israel: selected epidemiological aspects. AB - The 17-yr incidence of male breast cancer was analyzed from data of the Israel Cancer Registry for Jews and non-Jews, and for the Jewish subgroups of European/American-born and Asian/African-born. The 187 observed cases among Jewish males in Israel were compared with the 194 cases reported in the U.S. Third National Cancer Survey and with female breast cancer rates for the same period. Results show that the dependence of male breast cancer (MBC) on the female rate seems to exist in both countries. The disputed observation of a higher rate of MBC among Jews is supported by the higher rates of MBC in Israel than in the USA. Data on the laterality and histological features of MBC are presented. The series included eight cases among non-Jews (Arabs). The on going survey of the Israel Cancer Registry revealed four families in which both husband and wife had breast cancer and one family with breast cancer in both father and son. PMID- 7309467 TI - The Israel Cancer Association's national program for the early detection of breast cancer. AB - Since 1970 the Israel Cancer Association has operated 13 regional clinics in hospitals and 55 voluntary clinics through the country. The original aim of the clinics was the screening of women greater than 35 yr, who were invited for check up by mail based on the registration of local inhabitants. About 25% of the women invited appeared for screening. Over the years, the regional; clinics have become, in part, consulting clinics, since the physicians employed are senior surgeons. During the 10 years surveyed in this report, 108,143 women--30% of whom were less than 35 yr-- visited the clinics on their own initiative. Out of 260,484 examinations performed, 1,841 cases of breast cancer were detected. Th important functions of the clinics are: early detection, public and professional education to increase awareness of the subject, accurate and complete reporting of all biopsies performed, and linkage with the Israel Cancer Registry. Plans for the future include the continued operation of the clinics and a national project for training women in breast self-examination. PMID- 7309468 TI - The early breast cancer detection program of the Israel Cancer Association: a retrospective evaluation. AB - Between 1 January 1965 and 31 December 1975 82,262 women visited an early breast cancer detection center at least once. Subsequent to the visit 1,295 women were found to have breast cancer. The observed survival of these 1,295 patients (the study group) was compared to that of two control groups: 1) all breast cancer patients diagnosed in Israel in the five years preceding the start of the Early Detection program (2,402), and 2) all breast cancer patients diagnosed while the Early Detection Program was in progress, but who never visited an early detection center (6,315). The stage distribution of the study group showed significantly more early-stage cases than controls. The observed survival of the study group was significantly longer than that of the control groups, irrespective of mode of referral of the former to the Early Detection Program (by invitation, self referral, or doctor-referral). The observed survival of study patients was longer than that of controls within each stage group, although most differences were not statistically significant and relatively large number of "unknowns" in key variables may have introduced bias into the study results. Future programs of the Israel Cancer Association should have clearly stated and measurable objectives and built-in mechanisms for ongoing evaluation. PMID- 7309469 TI - Purposes and goals of breast self-examination. AB - The role of breast self-examination (BSE) as a means of detecting early breast cancer is reviewed along with some relatively unknown historical facts relating to the technique. The breast is a most readily accessible site for early detection which accounts for the fact that more than 90% of breast cancer is found by American women themselves rather than at the time of clinical examination or in special cancer detection centers. The technique of BSE is briefly described as well as survey results of evaluation done in Canada, England and the United States. Recent clinical trials reporting on the potential value of routine BSE are presented. PMID- 7309470 TI - The gynecologist and breast cancer. AB - An integral part of the gynecologic examination is examination of the breasts. The gynecologist may be the primary physician, sometimes the only physician, seen on a regular basis by women of childbearing age. Such periodic examinations should continue after menopause. Cancer of the breast is recognized more often by gynecologists than by any other physician, and so gynecologists must be trained in those diagnostic procedures that are important in revealing the nature of breast nodules. Many gynecologists perform not only periodic gynecologic examination, including breast palpation and Pap smear, but a 10-point general cancer examination as well. In addition, the gynecologist must counsel and instruct his patients with respect to breast self-examination, mammography and smoking. In many parts of the world, the surgically trained gynecologic oncologist participates in treatment as well as detection and diagnosis. The fight against breast cancer requires the insights and skills of all physicians and scientists who can make a contribution in this field. PMID- 7309471 TI - Physical methods in breast cancer diagnosis. AB - Physical methods in differential diagnosis of breast cancer are important for early detection of the disease in order to prevent delay in treatment and unnecessary surgical procedures. This is particularly true of mammography, which is unique in being able to detect nonpalpable cancer. The importance of this fact lies in the results of the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York study in which early detection has led to substantial long-term reduction in mortality. The commotion over risk of mammography has resulted in the exaggeration of a minute risk and the minimization of a great potential benefit. Other physical methods, such as thermography, ultrasonography and diaphanography, may be useful in making a diagnosis more definite and, occasionally, in reducing the number of so-called "interval" cancers discovered subsequent to screening or physical examination. PMID- 7309472 TI - Breast pattern as a risk for development of cancer. AB - Between the years 1974-790, 10,400 mammographies were performed in 8,566 women, and 442 prevalent breast cancers were detected. Of these mammographies, 8,400 were performed in 6,556 women for diagnostic purposes, and 2,000 were part of a clinical-radiological screening study. The mammograms were classified according to the patterns described by Wolfe. One-third of our cancer patients presented with the"high risk" P2 and DY pattern; the same pattern was present in 27% of our normal control group. We conclude that patient management and follow-up cannot be based on mammographic pattern alone for this would miss two-thirds of breast cancer cases. The radiologist interpreting mammographies should nevertheless by especially alert in the presence of the high risk pattern. PMID- 7309473 TI - Microprocessor-assisted screening techniques. AB - The important features of microprocessor design of medical instrumentation are discussed, and the Mammoscan dielectric breast scanner being developed in our laboratories is given as a specific example. The principles of dielectric breast scanning are explained, and the implementation of the technique in a working Mammoscan is is described. Typical results of Mammoscan examinations are given, including both normal and suspicious findings. Preliminary attempts at image classification are discussed, as well as the necessity of large-scale clinical data gathering for improving classification methods. The use of microprocessors makes devices such as the Mammoscan possible, both because of the power of microprocessor control and number handling, and because of its ability to store examination data locally and analyze it off-line at a central location. PMID- 7309474 TI - Markers in breast cancer. AB - A large number of markers associated with breast cancer have been tested for potential usefulness in the initial diagnosis, the evaluation of prognosis, the detection of recurrence and the assessment of response to therapy. Useful but limited information has been obtained in some of the cases by measuring the levels of a number of markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin and haptoglobin. None of the known markers are specific for breast cancer and no single marker is elevated in all patients with advanced disease. Studies with multiple markers may provide better coverage. A great deal of attention is being focused on the level of immune complexes that are found in 30 to 50% of the patients. It has been claimed that immune complex levels tend to rise in patients with advanced disease, but these claims await further confirmation. The only makers likely to be useful for early diagnosis are tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Several putative TAA have been identified, but clinical trials employing TAA are still a long way off. Identification of breast cancer TAA may be facilitated by current analyses of immune complexes isolated from patients. Preliminary results of such analyses suggest that immune complexes recovered from patients with breast cancer may contain antigens not present in patients with nonmalignant diseases. PMID- 7309475 TI - Immune complex-like materials in sera of patients with breast cancer: detection by complement-consumption assay. AB - Sera of patients with breast cancer were tested for the presence of immune complexes by a complement-consumption assay. To increase the concentration of immune complexes and thus improve the chances of their detection, sera were first ultracentrifuged and the sedimented material was assayed. Sera were considered to be positive if they consumed at least 75% of the hemolytic activity under the conditions of the test. Of the 60 patients tested, 45% were positive as compared with 13.5% positive sera among health blood bank donors. The presence of immune complexes could not be correlated with the extent of disease, the age of the patients, treatment or lack of treatment at the time of the test, or the time that had elapsed since diagnosis. In a few control tests, treatment of samples with DNase had no effect on their anticomplementary activity, whereas reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol abrogated the activity. These results strengthened the assumption that the substances binding complement were indeed immune complexes. PMID- 7309476 TI - Serum transcobalamin II levels in breast carcinoma patients. AB - Serum levels of transcobalamin II (TCII) were determined in 139 patients with breast carcinoma. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 74 patients with no evidence of active disease at the primary site or in complete remission. Serum levels of TCII were normal (up to 1,500 pg/ml) in 60 patients (81%) and moderatelyy elevated (up to 1,900 pg/ml) in 14 patients (19%) in this group. Group B consisted of 65 patients with active disease. Serum TCII levels were normal in 23 patients (35%) and were markedly elevated (up to 2,500 pg/ml) in 42 patients (65%). In Group B, 56 patients had widespread metastatic disease and 9 had active locoregional disease. Whether the moderately elevated TCII in the 14 patients of Group A with no evidence of disease and the normal TCII in the 23 patients of Group B with active disease is of prognostic value, will be determined by follow-up and close monitoring of the patients. Preliminary results of serial determinations of TCII indicate that changes in the TCII level generally correlate with the clinical course of the disease and the effects of therapy. These data indicate that TCII serum level may be useful as a marker for tumor activity in breast carcinoma. PMID- 7309478 TI - Minimal breast cancer. AB - Minimal breast cancer includes noninvasive cancer (Paget's disease, ductal, or lobular) and/or small invasive cancers which measure less than 0.5 cm. These cancers can be multicentric and bilateral, may have regional or distant metastases, and are occasionally lethal. Surgical treatment ranges from none to radical mastectomy, although total mastectomy in continuity with low axillary lymphadenectomy is the most common. Primary radiation therapy is used to a lesser extent. PMID- 7309477 TI - Breast cancer in Israel. Histopathologic types in the different population groups. AB - The histological sections of 1,605 cases of breast cancer in Israeli women were examined to determine the frequency of the various histological subtypes inthe different population groups. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common type in all groups. Circumscribed and medullary carcinoma were relatively less frequent among women born in North Africa than among immigrants from Europe or Asia. Invasive lobular carcinoma was very rare among women born in Asia. The findings are compared with those in other countries and discussed in relation to survival patterns in the different population groups in Israel. PMID- 7309480 TI - New concepts in the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7309479 TI - The decisive role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the preoperative work-up of breast cancer. AB - During an 18-mo period, 760 palpable mammary lesions were examined and aspirated. When indicated, mammography was performed in addition. Three separate aspirations were performed in each lesion utilizing 23 gauge (0.6 mm) needles. Biopsies were performed following aspiration in 206 lesions; and 470 of the cases in whom biopsies were not performed were followed up clinically for periods of 10 to 26 mo (mean period 15 mo). Accuracy and sensitivity of the cytological examination were found to be far higher than that of clinical evaluation or mammography. Aspiration cytology resulted in only 1.5% false negative, no false positive, and only 1.65% inconclusive reports. On the other hand, clinical evaluation and mammography yielded 35 and 29% false negative, 0.3 and 0.8% false positive, and 6.75 and 8.8% inconclusive findings, respectively. Eleven malignant cases that were considered to be benign both clinically and mammographically, were correctly diagnosed cytologically. Aspiration cytology was found to be the most accurate of the preoperative diagnostic methods. PMID- 7309481 TI - Recent progress in multimodal therapy for resectable breast cancer. AB - Operable breast cancer with histologically positive axillary lymph nodes has been subjected to a number of prospective randomized trials with multimodal therapy in Milan since 1973. Available results indicate that the scientific and biological hypotheses that formed the basis of multimodal therapy were correct. In fact, five years after radical mastectomy, women who had received adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) showed significant improvement in relapse-free and total survival rates. The results were related to the level of drug administered as well as to the number of axillary nodes, but not to menopausal or estrogen receptor status. Future analyses will better define the optimal duration of CMF chemotherapy (12 vs. 6 cycles) as well as the efficacy of sequential noncross-resistant regimens. PMID- 7309482 TI - Primary radiation therapy in the treatment of early breast cancer. AB - The results of the treatment of 184 breast cancers in 176 patients are reported. Local recurrence occurred in 5% of Stage I patients and 7% of Stage II patients. Local control was significantly greater in those who received an iridium implant. By combining these data with those for Stage II breast cancer patients, local control could be shown to occur with a greater likelihood and at a lower dose when gross tumor excision preceded the radiation. PMID- 7309483 TI - Changing concepts in treating early breast cancer. An overview. AB - Localized breast cancer is most effectively treated by operative resection. During the last 10 years, however, several new aspects of the disease have become evident and have had a direct influence on its management. There are indications that breast cancer is a systemic disease even in its early stages, and careful pathological observations have shown that breast cancer is a multifocal disease, although the clinical significance of this is not yet clear. The most important single prognostic factor is the status of the regional nodes. Tumor-induced immunosuppression in the host correlates with tumor burden. Removal of the primary tumor almost certainly accelerates the proliferation of residual tumor cells and so the "cell kill' of chemotherapeutic agents is increased. Several conclusions concerning therapy may be drawn from a consideration of these conceptual changes: a) local surgical control of the disease is frequently insufficient and has to be combined with systemic therapy b) for true staging, axillary node dissection has to be included with any treatment modality, and c) until proven otherwise, the whole breast has to be treated because of the multicentricity of the disease. PMID- 7309484 TI - Principles of surgical management of breast cancer. AB - Until recently surgical ablation was the primary treatment of choice for operable breast cancers. Increasingly, this position has been challenged by concepts of lesser surgical procedures coupled with radiotherapy. The trend of recurrence rates suggests that wide local excision of the primary tumor followed by irradiation may give as good results as more extensive surgical procedures. Long term evaluation of morbidity, treatment time, and costs, must also be included in these comparisons. One of the more attractive features of these lesser procedures is the improved cosmetic result. Good cosmetic results after modified radical mastectomy require a greater appreciation of the importance of the anterior thoracic nerves to prevent atrophy of the pectoral muscles. Adjuvant therapy after mastectomy needs to be evaluated in greater detail. Radiotherapy prevents local recurrence but does not affect the tumor-free interval or survival rates. Adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs the tumor-free interval but its effect on survival rates is not yet known. PMID- 7309485 TI - Hormonal receptors and response to treatment of breast cancer: a retrospective evaluation in 60 patients. AB - Response to several types of endocrine therapy or chemotherapy was evaluated in 60 patients with breast cancer. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were determined by radioimmunoassay. Response to endocrine therapy was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) among estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cases than among ER-negative cases. The response to chemotherapy did not differ significantly between the two groups. The results of this small series support the conclusion that determination of ER is valuable in planning endocrine treatment of the breast cancer patient, whereas response to chemotherapy does not correlate with ER levels. PMID- 7309486 TI - Peroxidase activity as a marker for estrogenicity: studies in uterus and mammary tumors. AB - We examined the possibility that peroxidase activity might be a marker for estrogen activity in established estrogen-dependent tissues: dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumors and human breast cancer. In DMBA-induced tumors undergoing regression after ovariectomy or tamoxifen treatment, tumor size decreased by 50%, estradiol receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) decreased by 25 and 20%, respectively, but peroxidase activity paradoxically increased six- to sevenfold. In DMBA tumors stimulated by estradiol treatment or by the cessation of tamoxifen administration in intact rats, tumor size increased threefold. ER and PgR increased two- and threefold, respectively, while peroxidase activity decreased 50%. These data indicate an inverse relation between tumor growth, ER and PgR on the one hand, and peroxidase activity on the other. In the human breast cancers there was a significant negative relation between the presence of ER and peroxidase activity. By using a calibrated Sephadex G-100 column it was shown that uterine peroxidase differs in molecular weight from the peroxidase of rat mammary tumors and that of human breast cancer. PMID- 7309488 TI - Breast reconstruction after mastectomy. AB - Recent developments in prosthetics and surgical techniques have made breast reconstruction a well-established procedure, producing satisfactory results even in situations with heavy scarring and after excision of the pectoral muscle. Close cooperation between general surgeon, oncologist and plastic surgeon is needed for counseling of patients toward reconstruction. Those patients with relatively early disease and a strong desire for reconstruction were selected. Of the 15 patients who underwent breast reconstruction in our unit, 10 had only a silicone prosthesis implanted, but 5 also needed a myocutaneous flap from the latissimus dorsi to compensate for deficient soft tissues. Although some postoperative complications occurred, they were either self-limited or could easily be corrected at a later stage. Two-thirds of the patients were very pleased with the results and none regarded the reconstruction as a failure. PMID- 7309487 TI - Characterization of the response of a human breast carcinoma cell line (T-47D) to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The response of a human breast carcinoma cell line (T-47D) to various antitumor agents, gamma irradiation, UV light and heat was studied, using the colony forming ability technique. Combinations of radiation with drugs and heat were also tested. The resulting survival curves corresponded to one of five patterns: simple exponential, biphasic exponential, threshold exponential, exponential plateau and ineffectual. Whereas the cells were particularly sensitive to gamma irradiation, the response to UV light was normal. The patient from whom this cell line originated did not respond to Methotrexate therapy. The in vitro results correlated with this observation. PMID- 7309490 TI - Coping mechanisms of postmastectomy women. A group experience. AB - A treatment model using a randomly selected group of patients at various postmastectomy stages is discussed. Our hypothesis predicted that such a group would provide women with a much clearer and more positive understanding of their disease syntonic to each one's life style. At the end of this group therapy, we felt that we had established a self-therapy group, in which patients could sustain themselves and could readjust to new ways of living with their disease. PMID- 7309489 TI - Yad L'hakhlama (Reach to Recovery) in Israel. AB - "Yad L'hakhlama" (YL), initiated in 1967 as part of the Israel Cancer Association, is a national rehabilitation service for patients suffering from breast cancer. In Israel, about 1,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed yearly and about 900 of the patients undergo mastectomy. YL reaches some 97% of these women. The office and central administration in Tel Aviv supervise the chapters in various cities. Eighty volunteers work in 26 hospitals throughout the country. Local and national card indexes of mastectomy patients are kept so that follow-up may be done by phone, through the mail or by additional counseling in the office. Assistance is given to the needy when necessary. YL keeps in contact with American and European manufacturers regarding prostheses and recommends imports to commercial agents for local supply. Fitters are selected and approved by YL, which also provides a temporary prosthetic device and a manual listing available accessories to all mastectomy patients. Lectures and information for professional and medical staff and students are given throughout the year. Some of the specific problems that YL handles are: 1) encouraging the acknowledgement and acceptance of the word "cancer" in certain hospitals and oncological centers, 2) overcoming the myths and superstition surrounding cancer; 3) improving doctor patient relationships; and 4) recurrence of disease among the volunteers. PMID- 7309491 TI - Family relationships of the mastectomy patient: interactions with the spouse and children. AB - The relationships of the breast cancer patient who has undergone mastectomy with her spouse and children can undergo many drastic changes. The data indicate that male partners who are more involved in decision making and hospital visitation are more supportive and cope better themselves. Nonviewing of the surgical site can be a joint psychological problem not confined to the female patients only. Children will tend to express their distress in indirect and potentially symptomatic ways. The symptoms may differ between preadolescents and adolescents. Adolescent girls may be at special risk when their mothers have undergone mastectomy; maternal envy and competitiveness may result in increased friction between mother and daughter. PMID- 7309492 TI - The patient's right to be involved in the decision on treatment. PMID- 7309494 TI - A police informer in a hospital bed. Commentary. PMID- 7309493 TI - Immunoregulation by Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Schistosoma mansoni is known to release an inhibitory factor of lymphocyte proliferation elicited in vitro. The effect of this dialyzable schistosome incubation product (DSIP) was tested in vivo on different aspects of the cell mediated immune response. First, the DSIP injected into C57B1/6 mice markedly inhibited the delayed type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Furthermore, the DSIP injected into S. mansoni infected Fisher rats at the beginning of the infection induced an inhibition of the specific lymphocyte response to S. mansoni antigen and of the spleen cell response to concanavalin A (Con A). The DSIP injected into uninfected rats also inhibited the spleen cell response to Con A. In uninfected as in infected rats injected with the DSIP, the lymphocyte response to Con A was restored after purification of the spleen cells on a nylon wool column. Moreover spleen cells from rats injected wtih the DSIP reduced the proliferative response of normal syngeneic spleen cells induced by Con A. This inhibition was not observed when cells from DSIP-injected rats were previously passed through a nylon wool column. In contrast, nylon wool depletion of spleen cells from infected rats injected with the DSIP did not restore the lymphocyte response to S. mansoni antigen. It seems tht DSIP could partly explain the modulation of the cellular immune responses observed during S. mansoni infection and could represent one of the mechanisms of this parasite's survival in the immunized host. PMID- 7309495 TI - A police informer in a hospital bed. Commentary. PMID- 7309496 TI - Minimalist ethics. PMID- 7309497 TI - Voluntary health risks and public policy. 1. Taking risks, assessing responsibility. PMID- 7309498 TI - Voluntary health risks and public policy. 2. Public policy and the British experience. PMID- 7309499 TI - Voluntary health risks and public policy. 3. Alcohol abuse in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7309500 TI - Fresh thoughts on sociobiology. PMID- 7309501 TI - Dilemma in Danville. PMID- 7309502 TI - Fraud in science: how much, how serious? PMID- 7309504 TI - The migraine connection. PMID- 7309503 TI - Tolfenamic acid and ergotamine abuse. PMID- 7309505 TI - Temporal relationship of EEG abnormalities in migraine to headache and medication. PMID- 7309506 TI - Cluster headache in one year old infant? PMID- 7309507 TI - Short-term psychotherapy and refractory headache. PMID- 7309508 TI - Relationship between headaches and depression. PMID- 7309509 TI - [Erythema anulare centrifugum with pustulation. Successful oral retinoid therapy]. AB - Erythema anulare centrifugum with pustulation (EACP) is an unusual sterile pustulosis, which is believed to represent a rare type of pustular psoriasis. HLA examination in this patient did not show, however, the typical pattern of vulgar of pustular psoriasis. No other signs of psoriasis were found either, except for the spongiform pustule. The EACP most likely corresponds to a special entity in the large group of psoriatic skin diseases. Oral retinoid therapy revealed full remission of the skin lesions. PMID- 7309510 TI - [Cutaneous chromomycosis: therapy with intra-lesional amphotericin B injections]. AB - Three different types of cutaneous chromomycosis, verrucous tumor type, eroded granuloma type and scaly erythematous plaque type, are reported. All these cases were successfully treated with intralesional injections of procaine-amphotericin B solution. This treatment for cutaneous chromomycosis seems to be favorable because of evident clinical efficiency without severe local or systemic side effects. PMID- 7309511 TI - [Glossitis rhombica mediana. A study of 4422 dermatologic patients]. AB - Though known for a long time and by no means rare, median rhomboid glossitis (MRG) still gives rise to questions concerning its dignity and etiology. MRG was found in 54 out of 4,422 stomatologically investigated dermatological patients. The patient's ages ranged from 10 to 69 years, the sex ratio was 3:1 male to female. Candida albicans was found in 18 out of 22 MRG lesions examined mycologically. These findings, the constant location and the stationary course were interpreted as a secondary Candida albicans colonization on a dysembryogenetically determined locus minoris resistentiae. Dysembryogenetic, anatomic and microbial factors contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of MRG. PMID- 7309512 TI - [Treatment of capillary hemangiomas by infrared contact coagulation]. AB - Twenty-two patients with a total of 29 hemangiomas or angiomatous lesions were treated with an infrared light coagulating device. Total clearing of the lesions was obtained with capillary hemangiomas smaller than 1 cm in diameter. Distinct improvement is achieved in senile angiomas, spider nevi and capillary hemangiomas with more than 1 cm in diameter. Using the correct dosages this therapy is nearly free of side effects and represents a practicable alternative to conventional methods. PMID- 7309513 TI - [Pityriasis lichenoides in a sibling pair]. AB - Two brothers are reported, who had pityriasis lichenoides within an interval of eighteen months. The hitherto unknown etiology of this dermatosis is discussed. PMID- 7309514 TI - [Eye protection in photochemotherapy]. PMID- 7309515 TI - Beneficial applications of ionizing radiation in the People's Republic of China: a bird's eye view. PMID- 7309517 TI - Informing the public about the risks from ionizing radiation. PMID- 7309516 TI - My visit to China. PMID- 7309518 TI - An estimate of population exposures due to radon in public water supplies in the area of Houston, Texas. PMID- 7309519 TI - Solar radiation monitoring for high altitude aircraft. PMID- 7309520 TI - X-ray detection efficiencies for 103Pd in lungs: synthesis of data from two laboratories. PMID- 7309522 TI - Effect of the irradiation geometry on dose-equivalent index. PMID- 7309521 TI - Fixation and mobilization of 60Co on sediments in coastal environments. PMID- 7309523 TI - Revised dose estimates at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. PMID- 7309524 TI - Implications of new Hiroshima and Nagasaki dose estimates: cancer risks and neutron RBE. PMID- 7309525 TI - Response of an Andersson-Braun neutron rem counter to various neutron spectra. PMID- 7309526 TI - An extensive study on the dosimetric properties of CaSO4: Dy ribbon, TLD-900, in low dose region. PMID- 7309527 TI - Identification and mapping of Thorotrast in tissue by analytical electron microscopy. PMID- 7309528 TI - Trace content of uranium in spices and condiments. PMID- 7309529 TI - The review of recent developments in personnel neutron dosimeters. PMID- 7309530 TI - The management of carcinoma of the nasal vestibule. AB - Forty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were reviewed. The patients were treated at either the Southern California Permanente Medical Group or the UCLA Medical Center. Thirty-eight patients (90%) had early lesions and 4 (10%) had late disease (involving the nodes or bone). The following conclusions were formed from this study: (1) Patients without bone destruction or lymph node metastases will do well with either irradiation or surgery. Those with bone destruction or lymph node metastases will do poorly in spite of radical treatment. (2) Early lesions can often be cured with either partial rhinectomy or irradiation. (3) A surgical recurrence following partial rhinectomy can be salvaged with irradiation. (4) A radiation recurrence of an early lesion can be salvaged with surgery. (5) The routine use of total rhinectomy for early carcinoma or radiation failure is unwarranted. (6) Other primary cancers are not uncommon when followup is extended to the 5- to 10-year interval. PMID- 7309531 TI - Head and neck neoplasia following irradiation for benign conditions. AB - A retrospective review of 143 patients with head or neck tumors who had received radiation therapy in the head and neck area for benign conditions during childhood or adolescence was conducted. This included an analysis of 1,080 patients from the Evanston Hospital Irradiated Thyroid Evaluation Clinic, which was established to define the relationship between irradiation and the subsequent development of thyroid neoplasia. The data support the following concepts of irradiation-induced neoplasia: (1) The thyroid, parathyroid, and salivary glands can develop benign and malignant changes after irradiation for benign conditions, with latent periods averaging about 30 years; (2) Once a glandular abnormality within the irradiated field appears, the risk of other glands in the field developing neoplastic changes is significantly increased. PMID- 7309532 TI - Exenteration of the orbit using a frontal periosteal flap. AB - The technique of exenteration of the orbit described is used for orbital malignancies confined to the orbit without lid involvement and without overt evidence of metastases. The exenterated orbit is covered by a periosteal flap derived from the frontal bone. The procedure is simple, shortens the duration of the operation and allows for both pre- and postoperative radiotherapy. The procedure is particularly useful in children because of the minimal blood loss compared with exenteration using a temporalis muscle flap. PMID- 7309533 TI - Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus with bilateral pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 7309534 TI - A hemodynamic complication of verapamil therapy in a neonate. AB - The effectiveness and lack of undesirable side-effects has made Verapamil the drug of choice in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in infants without underlying heart disease. The case described demonstrates the occasional severe negative inotropic effect of the drug, independent of its influence on heart rate and conduction. Severe heart failure and shock ensued after a therapeutic dose of i.v. Verapamil in a newborn suffering from atrial flutter with no associated heart disease. Although the arrhythmia was promptly converted to sinus rhythm, the baby required two hours of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and inotropic support. Follow-up during the first year of life revealed a normal healthy baby. Attention to the hemodynamic status in addition to continuous ECG monitoring is mandatory during i.v. Verapamil administration also in patients without underlying heart disease. PMID- 7309535 TI - Trisomy 8 syndrome. The rib anomaly and some new features in two cases. AB - Two further cases of trisomy 8 syndrome are reported. Both displayed characteristic anomalies of the ribs. An index of variation in rib diameter was constructed, and the value was found to differ from that in normal children. Our first patient, who was examined post mortem, had an atresia of the gallbladder and common mesentary. Patient 2 had muscular hypotonia and atrophy. She also showed an anomaly of the perineum, where the posterior commissure of the vulva was absent and the mucosae of the vulva and anus met at the midline, a defect which has not been described previously as a part of the syndrome. Otherwise, both present patients had abnormalities already known typical for the syndrome. The literature is reviewed, and the features of the trisomy 8 syndrome are divided into three groups - major, minor and inconstant, to facilitate the diagnosis. PMID- 7309536 TI - Bilateral femoral dysgenesis with micrognathia, cleft palate, anomalies of the spine and pelvis, and foot deformities. Clinical and radiological findings. AB - Two girls afflicted with bilateral femoral hypoplasia, micrognathia, cleft palate, anomalies of the spine and pelvis, and foot deformities are reported. Based on 10 cases reported in the literature the following points are emphasized: 1. Femoral hypoplasia may be bilateral or unilateral. 2. Many patients show asymmetrical changes. 3. To our knowledge, the complete syndrome including a cleft palate has been reported only in females. 4. Femoral hypoplasia without a cleft palate may represent a different entity, of possibly autosomal dominant inheritance, or may occur in children of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7309537 TI - Precordial pain and electrocardiographic abnormalities simulating myocardial infarction associated with increased intracranial pressure in a child. AB - Precordial pain associated with ECG ischemic pattern is a very rare phenomenon in children. Such findings were observed in an 8-year-old boy concomitantly with clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure resulting from occlusion of a previously installed atrioventricular shunt. When the shunt was replaced, chest pain and the ECG abnormalities disappeared. This experience would warrant alertness to the possibility that clinical and ECG signs of myocardial ischemia and other characteristic ECG abnormalities, as an expression of increased intracranial pressure, may occur not only in adults, but also in children. PMID- 7309538 TI - Are the genes of universal grammar more than structural? PMID- 7309539 TI - Location of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of individuals exposed mainly to petroleum vapors. PMID- 7309540 TI - Gametic products transmitted by rcp(13q--;14q+) translocation heterozygous pigs, and resulting embryonic loss. PMID- 7309541 TI - Localization of NORs in cetacean karyotypes. PMID- 7309542 TI - Banding studies on the gray and sperm whale karyotypes. PMID- 7309543 TI - Genetic basis of intellectual variation in Iceland. PMID- 7309544 TI - Genetics of Zoarces populations. XI. Inheritance of electrophoretic variants of the enzyme adenosine deaminase. PMID- 7309545 TI - Homozygous beta thalassaemia in Egypt. PMID- 7309546 TI - Haematological criteria in haemoglobinopathy-free adult Egyptians. PMID- 7309547 TI - Mental disorder and inversion on chromosome 9. PMID- 7309548 TI - A submerged sporulation and ultrastructural changes in the mycelium of Streptomyces chrysomallus. PMID- 7309549 TI - Hypolipidemic-hypocholesterolemic activity of JA-20, a new polyene macrolide. PMID- 7309550 TI - Epidemiology of mycetoma. PMID- 7309551 TI - Effect of culture filtrate of various fungi on sporulation of betel vine Phytophthora. PMID- 7309552 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics against Pseudomonas strains. PMID- 7309553 TI - Evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters of tetracycline hydrochloride upon oral administration with vitamin C and vitamin B complex. PMID- 7309554 TI - Efficacy of rovrol and mildothane against phytopathogenic fungi. PMID- 7309555 TI - In vitro evaluation of fungicides and antibiotics against Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, the incitant of leaf spot of soybean (Glycine max.). PMID- 7309556 TI - Some pharmacological and toxicological effects of JA-20, a new polyene macrolide. PMID- 7309557 TI - Golgi orientation and cell behaviour in the developing pattern of chondrogenic condensations in chick limb-bud mesenchyme. AB - Using a silver-impregnation method, the occurrence and significance of Golgi apparatus orientation has been studied in cells contributing to the cartilage condensations in the developing skeleton of the chick limb bud, both in normal embryos and in the talpid mutant, in which the pattern of condensation in situ, and cell behaviour in vitro, is abnormal. Analysis of photographed sections made up as photomontages with a final magnification of X 1000, indicates a sequence of changing Golgi orientation in the course of establishing cartilage condensations in the mesenchyme in normal limb buds, including at an early stage an orientation of one population of cells towards the condensation centre and of another population in the contrary direction, and a modification of the sequence in the mutant. The changing patterns of cell orientation has been further analysed in scanning electron microscope studies on the formation of cartilage condensations in vitro. PMID- 7309558 TI - The role of the zone of polarizing activity in controlling the differentiation of the apical mesenchyme of the chick wing-bud: histochemical techniques in the analysis of a developmental problem. PMID- 7309559 TI - Induced cell injury and cell death as a cause of congenital malformations in rats. AB - Embryopathy has been produced by inhibition of histiotrophic nutrition in the rat using a number of agents which prevent this process. The experiments were carried out in vitro at various stages of development before the inception of a chorio allantoic placenta. Dose-dependent effects on the embryo were demonstrated using the acid bisazo dye Trypan Blue, which inhibits endocytosis, and an enzyme inhibitor of bacterial origin known as leupeptin which inhibits cathepsin B, H and L. Homogenates of rat kidney and placenta also produced congenital defects; the concommitant electron microscopical changes in the yolk sac suggest that these effects too are due to alterations in the availability or quality of histiotroph. PMID- 7309560 TI - Effect of beryllium exposure on PPD cellular immunity in guinea pigs. PMID- 7309561 TI - Energy expenditure in manual load carriage. PMID- 7309562 TI - A simplified thin-layer chromatographic determination of hippuric acid and methylhippuric acids. PMID- 7309564 TI - Effect of pregnancy on cadmium-treated rats. PMID- 7309565 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on the induction of metallothionein and acute toxicity of cadmium in mice. PMID- 7309563 TI - Cerebellar dysfunction caused by sniffing of toluene-containing thinner. PMID- 7309566 TI - Transportation of copper in rabbit blood. PMID- 7309567 TI - Measurement of human head vibration. PMID- 7309568 TI - Application of oscillatory measurement of airway resistance in occupational medicine. PMID- 7309570 TI - Mercury uptake in vitro by ferritin. PMID- 7309569 TI - Mercury uptake in vitro by iron compounds, proteins (albumin or globulin), with or without hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 7309571 TI - Accelerated accumulation of methylmercury in the rat fetus at the late pregnant stage. PMID- 7309572 TI - Cadmium, copper and zinc in the urine of welders using cadmium-containing silver solder. PMID- 7309573 TI - Studies on acute cadmium intoxication in ovary and uterus of Funambulus pennanti, Wroughton. PMID- 7309574 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria from polychlorinated naphthalene administered rats. PMID- 7309575 TI - Organ distribution of mercury vapor inhaled by acatalasemia and hypocatalasemia mice. PMID- 7309576 TI - Dealkylation of tetraalkyltin compounds in the intestinal mucosa of rabbits. PMID- 7309577 TI - Inhibition of repair of radiation-induced chromosome breaks: effects of chromium trioxide on cultured human lymphocytes. PMID- 7309578 TI - Fragility of erythrocyte membranes in patients with vibration disease: a preliminary report. PMID- 7309579 TI - [Vestibular neuronitis and its differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The study gives a survey of the different terminologies, opinions regarding etiology, and differential diagnoses. In accordance with animal experiments, and our own experience with 71 patients, an activating therapy, including exercises, is recommended instead of bed-rest. Under special circumstances diagnosis may be difficult. For instance, a centrally reduced thermal reactivity of the healthy labyrinth may mimic a bilateral canal paresis. The vestibular type of Meniere's disease, disseminated encephalomyelitis, herpes zoster oticus, or the complication of a chronic otitis media cannot always be differentiated from a unilateral vestibular paralysis. PMID- 7309580 TI - [Early diagnosis of acoustic neuroma by the vestibular tests. Indication for computerized tomography and cisternomeatography (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 390 cases with suspicion of acoustic neurinomas 78 such tumors could be diagnosed, including 12 early stage neurinomas. This relatively high detection quote of small neurinomas is due to a special diagnostical programme: Every patient with unilateral and sensorineural hearing loss, independent of vertigo anamnesis or of the result of x-rays must be further examined by a vestibular tests. All 78 patients with acoustic neuroma had pathological vestibular findings. The positional test turned out to be the most sensitive examination in the early diagnosis of acoustic neuromas and yields a still higher incidence than the thermic test: 95% of the patients with a neuroma showed pathological findings in the positional test. Every patient suffering from an unidentified unilateral and sensorineural hearing loss combined with a pathological result in the positional tests must be further checked by a cisternomeatography or computerized tomography using airinsufflation. Every fifth of these patients showed typical signs of an acoustic neuroma in the neuroradiological tests. 68 neuromas are operated today and verified histologically, 10 patients are still waiting for surgical treatment. PMID- 7309581 TI - [Computerized tomography in ORL-diseases. II. High resolution-CT of the paranasal sinuses]. AB - Computerized tomography of the paranasal sinuses so far was restricted to imaging soft tissue structures. By means of new high resolution algorithms spatial resolution has been improved significantly without any increase in patient dose. Thereby a clear delineation of fine structures and of the transitions from bone to mucosa and air has been achieved. The scope of applications is thus extended to the diagnosis of purely osseous processes like fractures and osteoplastic changes for example. Computerized tomography, therefore, is the method of choice for most diseases of the paranasal sinuses. PMID- 7309582 TI - [The effect of irradiation on the inner laryngeal lymphatics (author's transl)]. AB - In a combined lymphangioscopical and ultrastructural examination 7 months post telecobalt 60 irradiation with 60 Gy, the morphological and functional aspects of the inner laryngeal lymph capillaries were studied. The prominent feature of the morphological changes was the endothelial damage of the lymphatic capillaries including swelling, vacuolisation and necrosis. Many lymph vessels were dilated but patent. A few capillaries where collapsed and surrounded by increased amounts of fibrous tissue, some capillaries where lacking their endothelial lining. So degeneration of the endothelial cell i.e. of the endothelial junctions and focal increase of interstitial collagen with resulting stenosis of the capillaries may be observed. The clinical and functional aspects of the morphological findings are discussed. PMID- 7309583 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography: its role in the diagnosis and treatment of the jaundiced patient. PMID- 7309585 TI - Radionuclide imaging of the hepatobiliary system. PMID- 7309584 TI - Ultrasound in the evaluation of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 7309586 TI - Radiologic approach to evaluation of hepatobiliary disease in the jaundiced patient. PMID- 7309587 TI - Computed tomography of the abdomen-clinical applications. PMID- 7309588 TI - Multiple aneurysms of the intracranial arteries: computed tomography in detecting the site of bleeding. PMID- 7309589 TI - Uterine sarcomas: an analysis of 69 patient. PMID- 7309590 TI - Suppression of marrow stromal cells and microenvironmental damage following sequential radiation and cyclophosphamide. PMID- 7309591 TI - Selective modification of the X ray survival response of two mouse mammary adenocarcinoma sublines by N,N-dimethylformamide. PMID- 7309592 TI - An iso-effect table for radiation tolerance of the human spinal cord. PMID- 7309593 TI - Dynamic dose-shaping by gravity-oriented absorbers for total lymph node irradiation. PMID- 7309594 TI - The outlook for intraoperative radiotherapy. PMID- 7309595 TI - Importance, implementation, and impact of the adolescent medicine components of the Report of the Task Force on Pediatric Education. AB - The recently published Report of the Task Force on Pediatric Education has had a substantial impact on the growth of the field of adolescent medicine in three areas. First, the report continually emphasized the special needs for improved health services for teenagers and the training of their physicians. Secondly, it intentionally did not suggest a specific method by which to render care or offer training in adolescent medicine. Thus, a wide array of individualized services and training options became immediately available. Finally, the report has had a significant influence on a variety of organizations, in both the private and public sectors. New monies, legislation, and approaches to the delivery of adolescent health care and for those in training to provide that care therefore emerged as a direct consequence of the report. PMID- 7309596 TI - Parents view their adolescents' mental health. AB - A 40-item behavioral checklist was devised for use with adolescent patient and nonpatient samples. A comparable form is used to obtain information about the offspring from the parent or guardian. This report presents the responses of parents and compares them with those of their offspring in two samples. Parents of disturbed adolescents reported a significantly greater frequency of emotional behavioral problems in their offspring than did parents of a medical sample, whereas the two samples of adolescents reported equivalent frequency of problems. Parental responses to items were clustered into six subscales. Effects of race and sex of the adolescent on subscale scores were investigated. Black parents in both samples reported fewer and less frequent problems than did white parents; in contrast, the black teenagers' reports were similar to the white except for the Affective Distress subscale. Parents and adolescents in both samples reported higher scores for girls than boys on this subscale. PMID- 7309597 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in the second decade of life. AB - In 22 (13 females, 9 males) of 224 patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome, onset occurred during the second decade of life. Lipoid nephrosis and its variants (nil, focal segmental, or focal global glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferative) accounted for the disease in the majority of patients (13 patients). In all with nil change (7 patients) and one of the 4 with mesangial proliferation the disease completely resolved with steroids. Forty-one percent of patients had nephrotic syndrome as the result of other forms of glomerulonephritis: 1 patient had nephrotic syndrome secondary to poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis which resolved spontaneously. Three patients had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and developed renal insufficiency. Proteinuria decreased or disappeared in 4 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. One patient had membranous nephropathy that was steroid resistant. Presenting symptoms and laboratory data failed to separate nil change from the more severe glomerular lesions. Early biopsy for diagnosis is suggested for patients presenting with de novo nephrotic syndrome in the second decade of life. PMID- 7309598 TI - Special considerations in pregnancy prevention for the mentally subnormal adolescent female. AB - Eight retarded teenage girls are presented whose cases highlight some of the considerations in pregnancy prevention for this population. Their mean age was 15.8 years, and 7 were considered to be educable (IQ 50-70) and 1 of borderline intelligence. Presenting complaints included pregnancy, sexual molestation, salpingitis, and a request for contraception in 2 patients each. Pelvic examination with no anesthesia was accomplished after multiple educational sessions in 7 patients. Contraceptive choices included an intrauterine device (2 patients), postcoital estrogen (1 patient), abstinence (1 patient), no contraception (2 patients). Of the 2 pregnant teenagers, 1 elected to continue and 1 to terminate. Unique considerations were the need for current information about consent, alternatives to sterilization, specific risks of contraception for the retarded with medical problems, and communication skills for eliciting sexual information and attitudes. The 8 patients presented reflect the special features posed by the interaction of adolescence, sexuality, and retardation. PMID- 7309599 TI - Survey of physician fellows in adolescent medicine. AB - A national survey of physician fellows in adolescent medicine from 1974 to 1979 was made. One hundred forty-six fellows were identified; 107 responded to the questionnaire. Of the 40 listed programs for 1978-1979, 29 had at least one fellow during the survey period. Eleven filled every year. Eighty-three per cent of the respondents had taken a pediatric residency, 48% were in a full-time academic or institutional program, and 56% spent 75-100% of their professional time in adolescent health care. When asked to assess whether 15 different content areas were adequately covered in their fellowships, significant content deficiencies were identified. The most frequently recommended changes were for more inpatient care (30%), opportunity to do research (25%), and more involvement with psychosocial problems (22%). Two-year fellows indicated more satisfaction with the specific content areas. More attention should be given to two-year fellowships for those physicians with serious interest in academic or institutional careers. PMID- 7309600 TI - The fertility of young adolescents. PMID- 7309601 TI - XXYY syndrome discovered on routine physical examination. AB - The XXYY syndrome, an uncommon disorder of chromosome number, was discovered on routine physical examination of a 20-year-old patient. Despite numerous earlier contacts with physicians, including several visits during adolescence, insufficient consideration had been given to his apparent abnormalities. This case is presented to review the syndrome and to emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of pubertal development during the routine physical examination of an adolescent. PMID- 7309602 TI - A rational policy toward consent and confidentiality in adolescent health care. PMID- 7309603 TI - Nitrotoxin metabolism in livestock. PMID- 7309604 TI - When lawyers discuss legal malpractice--some parallels. PMID- 7309605 TI - Profile of AVMA-certified foreign graduates. PMID- 7309606 TI - Induced African swine fever in feral pigs. AB - Feral pigs trapped in Florida were exposed by intranasal/oral inoculation or contact to African swine fever virus isolants from the Iberian peninsula and the Dominican Republic. All exposed pigs became sick and died or were killed after becoming moribund. Necropsy revealed lesions typical of African swine fever, but several pigs had marked hemorrhage surrounding the kidneys or rectum or in the gastric, hepatic, or ventral abdominal region that, in the field, might have suggested trauma or poisoning as a cause of death. Most pigs had severe lesions associated with kidney worms. Virus was detected in the blood and selected tissues of each pig, using the hemadsorption reaction in porcine monocyte cultures; direct or indirect immunofluorescence was used to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 7309607 TI - Volvulus of the bovine abomasum and omasum. AB - Two cows with right-side volvulus (torsion) of the abomasum and omasum were embalmed, and the viscera were dissected to study the topography and mechanisms of the condition. In both cases, the abomasum and omasum were greatly distended and formed a loop with the cranial part of the duodenum. The loop was twisted 360 degrees counter-clockwise, as viewed from the rear or from the right, around an axis through the lesser omentum. The reticulum was drawn caudally on the right side of the rumen by its attachment to the fundus of the abomasum. Study of a model of the stomach and omenta indicated that the more probable mode of rotation was in a sagittal plane. The mode of rotation made no difference in the result or in the method of reduction, which was deflation and rotation in the opposite direction. pressure and tension damage to the ventral vagal trunk and to the blood vessels would indicate a guarded prognosis. PMID- 7309608 TI - Comparison of methods for femoral fracture repair in young calves. AB - The right femurs of 12 Holstein calves were fractured and repaired with intramedullary pins, half-pin assemblies, or bone plates and screws. Nine calves survived the 6-week experiment. One calf with each type of internal fixation was equipped with either a modified Thomas splint, an Ehmer sling, or had no external fixation. At necropsy, 42 days after surgery, the femurs with intramedullary pins were healing with slight malalignment and overriding. The femurs with half-pin assemblies were considered nonunions, with severe overriding, malalignment, and osteomyelitis; the femurs with bone plates and screws were healing, although the screws had loosened and allowed overriding with rotational malalignment of the fractures. The calves equipped with the Thomas splints and those with no external fixation were able to stand and to walk earlier and with less difficulty than the calves with the limb placed in an Ehmer sling. PMID- 7309609 TI - Reconstructive surgical techniques in the horse. PMID- 7309610 TI - Comparison of two surgical procedures for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses. AB - Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses, with 2 screws crisscrossing the joint, was compared with arthrodesis achieved by placement of 3 screws crossing the joint parallel to the long axis of the bone. The comparison was made by means of radiography, gross and histologic examinations, and motion evaluation. Additionally, the fused 1st and 2nd phalanges resulting from each method were subjected to breaking forces. Motion evaluation and direct examination of the fused area demonstrated that either procedure can be used to achieve arthrodesis consistently, and the breaking procedure indicated that the fused joints were as strong or stronger than areas penetrated by the cortical screws used in internal fixation. The fused area resulting from the parallel procedure was stronger than that from the crisscross procedure. The parallel procedure was easier, gave better alignment of 1st and 2nd phalanges, and was prone to less error in screw placement. It was concluded that arthrodesis by either procedure was satisfactory for treating osteoarthritis and related problems of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses, but that the parallel procedure created a superior union between the 1st and 2nd phalanges during the first 120 postoperative days. PMID- 7309612 TI - Clostridium septicum infection in cattle in the United States. PMID- 7309611 TI - Nocardia asteroides abortion in swine. PMID- 7309613 TI - Neurologic disease of fungal origin in three herds of cattle. PMID- 7309614 TI - Disseminated nocardiosis in an Arabian foal. PMID- 7309616 TI - The Xhosa healers of Southern Africa. 2. The songs sung in a healing ceremony. PMID- 7309615 TI - Propylthiouracil in the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7309617 TI - The psychotherapy of the psychoses in analytic training. PMID- 7309618 TI - The robot personality in narcissistic disorder. PMID- 7309619 TI - Novel polyether antibiotics X-14667A and X-14667B from Streptomyces cinnamonensis subsp. urethanofaciens. Discovery, fermentation, biological as well as ionophore properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. PMID- 7309620 TI - Isolation of novel antibiotics X-14667A and X-14667B from Streptomyces cinnamonensis subsp. urethanofaciens and their characterization as 2 phenethylurethanes of monensins B and A. AB - Antibiotics X-14667A (1) and X-14667B (2) are novel monovalent polyether antibiotics of the spiroketal type isolated from fermented cultures of Streptomyces cinnamonensis subsp. urethanofaciens together with monensin (3), its lower homolog, factor B (4) and 1,3-diphenethylurea (6). By a combination of microanalysis, mass spectrometry and 13C nmr, antibiotics X-14667A and B have been shown to be natural 2-phenethylurethanes of monensin B and A respectively. Both structures have been confirmed by reacting the appropriate monensin with 2 phenethylisocyanate to yield semi-synthetic compounds that are identical to the natural products. PMID- 7309621 TI - Setamycin, a new antibiotic. AB - A new antibiotic, setamycin, was extracted from the mycelia of a rare actinomycete strain KM-6054. The antibiotic, the molecular formula of which was found to be C42H61NO12 (tentative), is a yellow powder showing activity against some fungi, trichomonads and weakly against Gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 7309622 TI - Rifamycin Z, a novel ansamycin from a mutant of Nocardia mediterranea. PMID- 7309623 TI - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. II. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of alpha-hydroxyiminoarylacetyl cephalosporins. AB - The synthesis and antibacterial activity in vitro of the 2-aryl-2 hydroxyiminoacetyl cephalosporins (2) are described. Within this cephalosporin series, analogs (9f approximately 13f) with 2-hydroxyimino-2-(3 hydroxyphenyl)acetyl group at the 7-position of a cephem nucleus were found to have the highest antibacterial activity against a wide-range of microorganisms, including beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. Structure-activity relationships of 2 are discussed. PMID- 7309624 TI - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. III. Synthesis and enzymatic stability of 3 acyloxymethyl-7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-3 cephem-4-carboxylic acids. AB - 3-Acyloxymethyl-7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino) acetamido]-3 cephem-4-carboxylic acids (7) were synthesized. The stability of 7 to enzymatic hydrolysis and their antimicrobial activity were evaluated. 7 showed good antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. Cephems (7b and 7c) with sterically more hindered acyl groups such as t-butyl and cyclohexyl were most resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. PMID- 7309626 TI - Inhibition of brain glutamate decarboxylase by 4,5-dihydroxyisophthalic acid and related compounds. AB - Hydroxybenzoic and phthalic acids and their related compounds were tested for inhibitory activity to brain glutamate decarboxylase. Of mono-, di-, and trihydroxybenzoic acids, gallic acid was the most inhibitory, giving 50% inhibition at a concentration of 0.17 mM. Dihydroxybenzoic acids were less inhibitory than the trihydroxyacids but more than monohydroxybenzoic acids. Of the phthalic acid-related compounds tested, 4,5-dihydroxyisophthalic acid was the most potent inhibitor, producing 50% inhibition at 0.61 microM. The inhibition of these compounds was competitive with respect to L-glutamate. The Ki values were 0.02, 1.2 and 4.9 microM for 4,5-dihydroxyisophthalic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and gallic acid, respectively. When administered intraventricularly to mice, 4,5-dihydroxyisophthalic acid produced a significant decrease in the gamma aminobutyric acid content of the brain, resulting in induction of convulsions. PMID- 7309627 TI - A potent prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, P-1894B, produced by a strain of Streptomyces. PMID- 7309625 TI - Semisynthetic cephalosporins. IV. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of parenterally active 7-[4-(substituted methyl)phenyl]-acetamido-3-cephem-4 carboxylic acids. AB - A group of novel 4-substituted phenylacetic acids were prepared and coupled with several 7-amino-delta-3-cephems to afford a family of parenterally active cephalosporins. A compound designated 13I had the broadest spectrum of activity and the highest potency of the group against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The activity of 13I included high potency against penicillinase producing staphylococci and activity against anaerobes, including Bacteroides fragilis. PMID- 7309628 TI - Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. IV. Structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-alkoxyimino-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)acetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids. PMID- 7309629 TI - Biosynthetic incorporation of methyl groups into fortimicins. PMID- 7309630 TI - New chlorinated nitro-pyrrole antibiotics, pyrrolomycin A and B (SF-2080 A and B). PMID- 7309631 TI - Structure of pyrrolomycin B, a chlorinated nitro-pyrrole antibiotic. PMID- 7309632 TI - Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XXVII. The structures of TM-531B (4'-o demethyldianemycin) and TM-531C(3'-hydroxydianemycin), new polyether antibiotics containing sugars other than 4-o-methyl amicetose. PMID- 7309633 TI - Synthesis of 4'-deoxymycaminosyl tylonolide. PMID- 7309634 TI - Syntheses of derivatives of 4'-deoxymycaminosyl tylonolide and mycaminosyl tylonolide modified AT C-23. PMID- 7309635 TI - Syntheses of 4'-deoxy-demycarosyl tylosin and its analogues. PMID- 7309636 TI - The phonochrome: a coherent spectro-temporal representation of sound. AB - Representation of simple stationary sounds can be given either in the temporal form by display of the waveform as function of time or in the spectral form by intensity and phase as function of frequency. For complex nonstationary sounds, e.g. animal vocalisations and human speech, a combined spectro-temporal representation is more directly associated with auditory perception. The well known sonogram or dynamic power spectrum has a fixed spectro-temporal resolution and neglects phase relations of different spectral and temporal sound components. In this paper the complex spectro-temporal intensity density CoSTID) is presented as a coherent spectro-temporal image of a sound, based on the analytic signal representation. The CoSTID allows an arbitrary form of the spectro-temporal resolution and preserves phase relations of different sound components. Since the CoSTID is a complex function of two variables, it leads naturally to the use of colour images for the spectro-temporal representation of sound: the phonochrome. The phonochromes are shown for different technical and natural sounds. Applications of this technique for study of phonation and audition and for biomedical signal processing are indicated. PMID- 7309637 TI - Variability of the hereditary deafness in the white cat. I. Physiology. AB - Electrophysiological investigations, at different levels of the auditory pathway, were performed on 54 white cats. Hearing tests generally consisted of recording electrocochleograms or making audiograms from collicular or cortical responses. Some investigations were performed with chronically implanted electrodes to detect the first appearance of a hearing defect. Results showed no evident relationship between the age of the white cat and the appearance, severity or completeness of hearing loss. A large variety of hearing remnants was encountered in partly deaf animals which is tentatively related to a similar variety of histological damage of the cochlea described in a companion paper (Rebillard, M., Pujol, R. and Rebillard, G. (1981): Hearing Res. 5, 189-200). PMID- 7309638 TI - Variability of the hereditary deafness in the white cat. II. Histology. AB - Cochlear degeneration in white cats was investigated by light- and electron microscopic examinations. A great variety of histological damage was encountered both in completely and partially deaf animals. These variable features are discussed mainly with regard to the rate of degeneration and the site of the first damage. Atypical findings, such as primary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons, are presented. The possibility for some damaged cochleas to work without hair cells is described. These results clearly demonstrate that hereditary degeneration in the cochlea of white cats is not a unique and regular process. PMID- 7309639 TI - Postnatal development of frequency and intensity sensitivity of neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of kittens. AB - Tuning curves and spike count-vs.-intensity functions were derived form tone burst responses of single neurons of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of kittens 4-45 days of age. During the first postnatal week tuning curves are relatively shallow and thresholds are high. With advancing age there is a progressive reduction in threshold and sharpness of tuning. Sharpening of tuning during the first several weeks postpartum seems to be due to a differential reduction in threshold between CF and frequencies below CF. Spike count-vs. intensity functions are steep in young kittens as compared to adults. During the first few postnatal weeks the dynamic range and shapes of the functions take on the characteristics of adult AVCN neurons. PMID- 7309640 TI - The fine structure of the sacculus and lagena of a teleost fish. AB - The ultrastructure of the sensory epithelia in the auditory regions of the ear, the sacculus and lagena, were investigated in the blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus, using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The sensory epithelium consists of sensory hair cells surrounded by supporting cells, both of which are quite similar to comparable cells found in other fishes. The apical surface of each sensory cell contains a ciliary bundle which varies in length in different epithelial regions. Tight junctions and one or more levels of desmosomes are located between supporting cells, and between sensory and supporting cells, just below the apical cell membrane. Peripheral to the actual sensory epithelium is a region of epithelial cells that resemble the supporting cells on the sensory epithelium itself. However, interspersed among these cells are other cells containing large numbers of mitochondria, extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and large vacuoles. Investigations of the orientation patterns of the ciliary bundles on the sensory hair cells demonstrate that the lagena is typical of other Perciform fishes while the position of two of the four orientation groups normally found in the Perciform sacculus are quite different in Trichogaster from that found in other species. Comparisons of the ultrastructure of the sensory and supporting epithelia of Trichogaster and other fishes shows that, with the exception of the mitochondria-filled cells, there are no apparent significant interspecific differences with regard to ultrastructure of the sensory and supporting cells themselves, although there are differences in hair cell orientation patterns among the same fish groups. PMID- 7309641 TI - Effect of asphyxia and aminooxyacetic acid on the slow potential evoked by crossed olivocochlear bundle stimulation. AB - The action of asphyxia and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) on the crossed olivocochlear bundle (COCB), was investigated, in particular, the slow change evoked by COCB stimulation, often called the crossed olivocochlear potential (COCP). Terminating artificial respiration caused the COCP to fall within 2 min to 0.25 mV. It remained at this level for an additional 4 min before declining to zero. If artificial respiration was reinstated, before 3 min had elapsed, the COCP recovered completely within 5 min. Administration of AOAA (40 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a slow reduction in the endocochlear potential (EP) to about 10 mV in 60 min. The COCP initially declined after AOAA administration but fully recovered by the time the EP plateaued at 10 mV. The results with asphyxia could be explained solely by a reduction of the EP; however, in light of the different results observed with AOAA, one might hypothesize an additional action of asphyxia at the efferent nerve-ending-hair cell synapse. PMID- 7309642 TI - Scalp distribution of the auditory evoked brainstem potentials in the guinea pig during monaural and binaural stimulation. AB - Auditory evoked brainstem potentials in response to monaural and binaural sound stimuli were observed by monopolar recording at five positions on the skull of the guinea pig. With monaural presentation the amplitudes of the first two potentials in the complex had a maximum at ipsilateral positions, the third potential was of uniform size at all recording positions, and the fourth and fifth potentials were largest at contralateral positions. The differing maxima of the negative and positive components of the individual potentials proved to be consistent with the theory of volume conduction. When sounds were presented binaurally the amplitudes of all potentials were symmetrical with respect to the vertex. Moreover, binaural interactions at the neural level could be inferred from the brainstem responses. The results indicate that the individual potentials in the complex are associated with activation of specific structures in the auditory pathway. This finding and the observed differences between the two sound modes have implications for clinical practice. PMID- 7309643 TI - Does loud sound influence the intracochlear oxygen tension? AB - The effect of loud sound on the perilymphatic oxygen tension was studied in anesthetized guinea pigs. Pure tone (4 kHz) and broad-band noise were given at 85 130 dB SPL for 3-8 min. No effects were seen either in the animals exposed to pure tone or in the animals exposed to 85 dB broad-band noise. In the animals exposed to noise at 130 dB SPL both increases and decreases of perilymphatic oxygen were measured but the changes were only of about 12% or less. The response to anoxia was normal. In animals with hypotension ( less than 8 kPa) the perilymphatic PO2 fluctuated with the blood pressure. When the sound was delivered directly into the opened bulla the measured PO2 dropped immediately but was found to be caused by the cooling effect of an air current produced by the noise. Flushing the opened bulla with nitrogen, air or oxygen caused the same temperature-induced drop of measured PO2. The results and the artifacts are discussed. PMID- 7309644 TI - Stimulated acoustic emissions in the ear canal of the gerbil. AB - Ear-canal sound pressure and cochlear potentials were monitored inthe anesthetized gerbil to study the origins of acoustic emissions produced by transient and continuous stimuli. No evidence was found of any delayed emissions (echoes) originating within the cochlea in the acoustic or cochlear microphonic (CM) waveforms. However, strong acoustic and CM distortion products occurred when two primary tones of moderate levels were presented to the ear; the site of origin of these products was traced to the cochlea. Further, the levels of distortion followed a complex time course after anoxia, often becoming stronger after animal death for up to one hour, then decaying to the noise floor of the system. The disappearance of the distortion products was coincident with elimination of both the negative endocochlear potential and the CM response to a fundamental tone. PMID- 7309645 TI - Energy transduction in the cochlea. AB - Reasons are presented for considering that the properties of the travelling wave as described by von Bekesy are inadequate by themselves to explain phenomena at the threshold of hearing as regards energetics and speed of acoustic transmission. The degree of "tuning" of the basilar membrane is also insufficient. Alternative propositions based on the physico-chemical properties and macromolecular physics of the tectorial membrane are offered. These proposals have both an experimental and theoretical basis. The final section indicates how several unresolved problems of cochlear function might be approached from this fresh standpoint. PMID- 7309646 TI - Time and Frequency domain processing in the inferior colliculus of echolocating bats. AB - Tone bursts and frequency-modulated (FM) signals were presented to Mexican free tailed bats and tuning curves, discharge patterns, and discharge latencies of single units in the inferior colliculus were recorded. Cells were broadly tuned to tone bursts, with most Q 10 values ranging from 3 to 20. However, in response to FM stimulation the discharges of neurons were closely synchronized to the time of occurrence of restricted frequency components within the FM sweep. These excitatory frequencies (EFs) were generally unaffected by changes in the starting frequency or intensity of the stimulus. Thus, in response to FM signals, the cells exhibited a much greater frequency selectivity than that observed following tone burst stimulation. Across the population of neurons sampled, EFs covering a wide frequency range were found, and the different EFs were represented in a systematic fashion within the colliculus. The frequencies in an FM biosonar signal or echo will thus be neurally represented both by the time of occurrence of neuronal discharges and by the location of the discharging cells within the nucleus. The potential role of this dual frequency coding in spectral and temporal processing of biosonar signals and echoes is discussed, with emphasis on the neural coding of target range. PMID- 7309648 TI - Improving psychoacoustical tuning curves. AB - The probe signal in psychoacoustical tuning curves stimulates more than one neuron, even when presented at low levels. The subject can "listen" to neurons with characteristic frequencies away from the nominal probe frequency and optimize performance. This "off-frequency listening" can account for much of the discrepancy in the sharpness of tuning between psychoacoustical tuning curves obtained in forward masking and neurophysiological tuning curves. By adding a band-reject noise, centred on the probe frequency, to limit off-frequency listening, results in close agreement with the neurophysiological data can be produced. PMID- 7309647 TI - Effect of anesthesia on maximal cochlear microphonics. AB - During prolonged periods of pentobarbital anesthesia (6-8 h), cochlear microphonics (CM) in cats became reduced by approximately 6 dB, but only in the region of maximal responses ("truncation"). For the following reasons, this change is held to be neurally mediated, specifically by an impairment of the olivocochlear bundle (OCB): (1) Its onset coincided with the disappearance of efferent action potentials, normally superimposed on low-frequency CM. (2) OCB stimulation augments CM by approximately 6 dB, once more only in the region of maximal responses [4]. (3) Sectioning of the OCB reduces maximal CM responses [8]. (4) Truncation was produced by two neural blocking agents, azide and DFP [10], most likely also resulting from OCB impairments. (5) At the high input levels required to produce maximal responses, CM ought to become slightly elevated by acoustically-evoked OCB activity. This elevation should cease to occur on impairment of OCB under the effect of pro-longed anesthesia; thus there would be an apparent truncation. PMID- 7309649 TI - Effect of feedback of physiological information on responses to innocent associations and guilty knowledge. PMID- 7309650 TI - Analysis of laboratory animal feed for toxic and essential elements by atomic absorption and inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry. AB - Analytical procedures are described for the determination of arsenic, cadmium, calcium, copper, lead, mercury, selenium, and zinc in animal feed. Mercury is determined by digesting the feed sample in a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids with vanadium pentoxide added as an oxidation catalyst, reducing with stannous chloride, and sweeping the elemental mercury into an absorption tube for measurement by atomic absorption (AA) spectrophotometry. Arsenic and selenium are determined simultaneously by digesting the sample with a mixture of concentrated nitric, sulfuric, and perchloric acids; the hydrides of arsenic and selenium, which are formed with the addition of sodium borohydride, are swept into an argon-hydrogen flame for analysis by AA. A low temperature ash is prepared and dissolved in IN HNO3 for the analysis of calcium, copper, and zinc by emission spectroscopy using the inductively coupled argon plasma source; the same solution is used for the determination of cadmium and lead by flameless AA. Animal feed spiked with 3 levels of each of the 8 elements gave recoveries that ranged from 80 to 107%. PMID- 7309651 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic method fo pyrantel tartrate in swine feeds and supplements. AB - A new method for the determination of pyrantel tartrate in swine feed an supplements has been developed because the current official AOAC method is not applicable to feeds co-medicated with tylosin. The new method involves: (a) leaching of drug from feed with methanolic NaCl solution, (b) removal of interfering substances by ion pair liquid-liquid extraction and high performance liquid chromatography, and (c) quantitation of pyrantel tartrate by monitoring the ultraviolet absorption of the effluent stream at 313nm. The method of standard addition is used to compensate for the effect of the feed matrix on drug recovery. No interference is encountered from tylosin, carbadox, lincomycin, non drug components of feeds and supplements, or potential degradation products of pyrantel tartrate, i.e., cis isomer of pyrantel tartrate and (E)-N-(3 methylaminopropyl)-2-thiopheneacrylamide. Results for the assay of 3 lots each of feeds and supplements containing 0.0106 and 0.106% pyrantel tartrate, respectively, were within +/-4% of label claim. Coefficients of variation ranged from 1.6 to 1.8% for feeds and from 1.9 to 3.9% for supplements. PMID- 7309653 TI - Systematic identification of antioxidants in lards, shortenings, and vegetable oils by thin layer chromatography. AB - A simple and reliable method is described for rapid identification of ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, ethoxyquin, gallates (lauryl, octyl, propyl), nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, tocopherol, t-butylhydroquinone, and 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone in lards, shortenings, and vegetable oils. The antioxidants are extracted with 95% methanol, concentrated under vacuum at less than or equal to 45 degrees C, and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. Three elution solvents, 2 adsorbent types, 2 visualization sprays, and UV viewing at 254 and 36 nm are used. Sunflower and corn oil samples, fortified with 100 ppm antioxidant, were analyzed to establish to validity of the method. PMID- 7309652 TI - Thin layer chromatographic determination of methyl parathion as paraoxon by cholinesterase inhibition. AB - A simple, sensitive, and rapid method is described for the quantitative estimation of nanogram amounts of methyl parathion (O, O-dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) as methyl paraoxon (O,O-dimethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphate) on thin layer chromatograms. Methyl paraoxon is detected by pig liver acetone powder cholinesterase inhibition, using p-nitrobenzenediazoniumfluoroborate as the chromogenic reagent. Commercial pig liver acetone powder is more advantageous than raw liver sources because it is readily available and can be preserved indefinitely. About 0.1 ng methyl parathion can be detected, and amounts from 5 to 50 ng can be quantitatively estimated. PMID- 7309654 TI - Evaluation of ion exchange resins and various enzymes in thiamine analysis. AB - Four ion exchange resins and 9 enzyme preparations are evaluated for use in the official AOAC thiamine method because Decalso and Clarase or Mylase P either are no longer available or are available in a form that is not suitable for use in the assay. The enzymes are prepared in the same manner described for Clarase or Mylase P in the AOAC method and are compared with Clarase T300 for their effectiveness in releasing thiamine from thiamine phosphate, and their ability to produce similar results on samples. Rhozyme S is 90-100% as effective as Clarase T300 in both of these respects. The other enzymes tested were not satisfactory. Further study is necessary because Rhozyme S also is no longer manufactured. The ion exchange resins are prepared for use in the manner described for Decalso in the AOAC method. Recoveries of thiamine range from 95 to 100%, using Bio-Rex 70 (hydrogen form) ion exchange resin. The other resins tested were not satisfactory. PMID- 7309655 TI - Gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection of deoxynivalenol in wheat and other grains. AB - A method for determining deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat has been developed in conjunction with an assessment of contamination in Canada. The sample is extracted with methanol-water; the extract is treated with 30% aqueous ammonium sulfate solution and extracted with 4 portions of ethyl acetate. After further cleanup by column chromatography, the sample extract is derivatized with N heptafluorobutyrylimidazole, and the DON tris-heptafluorobutyrate is determined by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. Mass spectrometric single ion monitoring at m/z 884 is used for confirmation. Detection limits are less than or equal to 0.01 microgram DON/g and recoveries from wheat, using the proposed method, averaged 72 and 80% in 2 different laboratories, with coefficients of variation of 10.2 and 10.0%, respectively. The method is also applicable to determining DON in barley and corn and T-2 toxin in wheat. Virtually 100% contamination by DON of the 1980 Ontario white winter wheat and Quebec red spring wheat crops was found, based on 72 analyses made in this laboratory, but western Canadian wheat contained little or no DON. PMID- 7309656 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination and fluorescence detection of aflatoxins in corn and dairy feeds. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in animal feeds at levels as low as 2.5 ppb. Samples are extracted with acetonitrile-water and initially purified by using a Sep-Pak silica cartridge. The aflatoxins are then reacted with trifluoracetic acid and acetonitrile-water (1 + 1). After filtration, the aflatoxins are completely resolved on a 10 micrometer C18 column using a radial compression separation system with an acetonitrile-water solvent system. Aflatoxins G2a, B2a, G2, and B2 were reported in less than 30 min, using fluorescence detection. The method was successfully applied to samples at levels of 20-2.5 ppb added aflatoxins with recoveries in the range of 82-99%. PMID- 7309657 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in spices. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection is used to determine aflatoxin in 5 common spices. A 10 micrometer microparticulate silica gel column is used with a dichloromethane-cyclohexane-acetonitrile solvent system to resolve aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2. The fluorescence detector contained a silica gel-packed flowcell. Samples of black, white, and red pepper, ginger, and nutmeg were extracted according to a previously published method. Recoveries from aflatoxin-free samples of white pepper, ginger, and red pepper spiked with 1-50 micrograms aflatoxin/kg ranged from 64 to 92%. PMID- 7309658 TI - Comparison of three methods for determination of sulfamethazine in swine tissues: collaborative study. AB - An interlaboratory study of 3 methods for the determination of sulfamethazine in swine muscle and liver tissue was conducted. A gas chromatographic (CG), a combined gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS), and a colorimetric method were evaluated. Four fortified and 2 incurred levels of sulfamethazine ranging from 0.00 to 0.45 ppm were studied. The study revealed that the GC/MS procedure provides the most reliable data and that the GC method provides acceptable data with the incorporation of appropriate controls. The recoveries for the GC/MS method typically ranged from 90 to 100% for swine liver and muscle. The GC and GC/MS methods have been adopted official first action. PMID- 7309659 TI - Multicomponent analysis of meat products. AB - A new method for rapid multicomponent analysis of meat products is reported. The sample is homogenized, and then dispersed by treatment with an alkaline aqueous solution combined with mechanical subdivision. Constituents are determined by infrared transmission spectrophotometry in the fundamental IR absorption bands. It is possible to measure protein, fat, and carbohydrate in about 5 min with an accuracy and precision comparable to that of well established standard methods, and no expensive or dangerous chemicals are used. PMID- 7309660 TI - Interaction between sample preparation techniques and colorimetric reagents in nitrite analysis in meat. AB - The amount of nitrite measured in model and meat systems was a function of the interactions of the chloride and ascorbate concentrations with the method of sample preparation and the combination of Griess reagents used for colorimetric determination. Ascorbate caused loss of nitrite in the samples when heated and interfered in the Griess reaction, increasing the concentration of pigment formed from any given concentration of nitrite if sulfanilic acid and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine were used, and decreasing the amount if sulfanilamide and 1 naphthylamine were used. The interference was eliminated by both the AOAC procedure and mercuric chloride addition, although the former were less effective at higher ascorbate concentrations. Chloride increased the amount of pigment formed from a given amount of nitrite with sulfanilic acid but had no effect on the amount of sulfanilamide pigment. PMID- 7309661 TI - Determination of internal insect infestation of wheat: collaborative study. AB - An improved method has been developed for determining internal insect infestation of wheat kernels. The method involves acid hydrolysis of cracked wheat, wet sieving to remove the acid, transferring to a 2 L Wildman trap flask, deaeration by boiling, and treatment with Tween 80-Na4EDTA. Insects are extracted with light mineral oil. Reports from 6 collaborators showed that recovery was 95.92% for adult insect heads and 97.22% for larvae by the proposed method as compared with 87.05% and 6.12%, respectively, by the official method. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7309662 TI - Ion pairing high pressure liquid chromatographic determination of amaranth in licorice products. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of amaranth (FD&C Red No. 2; Red No. 2) in licorice products. The Red No. 2 is extracted with a basic buffer solution, cleaned up on a Sep-Pak column, Chromatographed on a reverse phase column in the ion pairing mode, and detected at 254 nm. The procedure is time-conservative with accurate and precise results. Recovery data ranged from 93 to 104%, and coefficients of variation were less than 4% for standards and samples. PMID- 7309663 TI - Protein nitrogen unit precipitation procedure for allergenic extracts: collaborative study. AB - Protein nitrogen unit (NU) determination is one of the methods used to test and label the concentration of allergenic extracts. This recently standardized method is applicable to all allergenic extracts. One PNU/mL is equivalent to 1 X 10(-5) mg nitrogen determined to be in the material precipitated from 1 mL allergenic extract by phosphotungstic acid (PTA), a protein precipitant. The nitrogen is quantitated by the Kjeldahl method or another analytical method of equivalent accuracy and precision. A collaborative study of the optimized PNU precipitation method in which 6 samples were analyzed in duplicate by 6 laboratories using the Kjeldahl method for the determination of nitrogen yielded a mean of 0.1358 mg N/mL, a repeatability standard deviation and coefficient of variation of 0.0071 mg N/mL and 5.23%, respectively, and a reproducibility standard deviation and coefficient of variation of 0.0188 mg N/mL and 13.84%, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action. PMID- 7309664 TI - Polarographic analytical study of oxyphenbutazone. AB - The polarographic behaviour of the widely used anti-inflammatory agent, oxyphenbutazone, was studied. It is determined polarographically by conversion to the nitroso derivative characterized by a cathodic, irreversible, diffusion controlled wave. The method is applied to the determination of 2.5-10 mg/100 mL of oxyphenbutazone, with an accuracy of 99.9 +/- 1.38%. By differential pulse polarographic analysis, as little as 10 ppm oxyphenbutazone can be determined with an accuracy of 99.70 +/- 0.99% in pure powder and in some pharmaceutical formulations. PMID- 7309665 TI - Colorimetric determination of certain phenol derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations. AB - Simple colorimetric methods are reported for determining both acetaminophen and oxyphenbutazone. These methods are based on coupling between the phenolic compound and the diazonium salts of both sulfanilic acid and p-nitroaniline; the optimum conditions for the reactions were carefully studied. For acetaminophen, the reaction products with diazosulfanilic acid and diazo-p-nitroaniline show maximum absorbance at 480 and 425 nm, respectively. The mean percentage recoveries for authentic samples were 99.5 +/- 1.1 and 100.6 +/- 0.66, respectively (P = 0.05). For oxyphenbutazone, the obtained colors showed maxima at 385 nm with diazosulfanilic acid and 490 nm with diazo-p-nitroaniline reactions. The mean percentage recoveries for authentic samples were 99.8 +/- 0.27 and 100.1 +/- 0.57, respectively (P = 0.05). The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of commercial preparations; results were statistically compared with those of other methods. PMID- 7309666 TI - Improved 4-aminoantipyrine colorimetry for detection of residual hydrogen peroxide in noodles, fish paste, dried fish, and herring roe. AB - Improved 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) colorimetry was developed for the detection of minute quantities of residual hydrogen peroxide in several kinds of food. Hydrogen peroxide in the sample was stabilized with potassium bromate and extracted with cold methanol. The methanol extract was diluted with phosphate buffer, protein was eliminated with zinc sulfate, and the extract was reacted with phenol, 4-AA, and peroxidase to the stable quinoneimine dye. The weak color solution was purified with Florisil column chromatography, concentrated, and determined by colorimetry. Recoveries of hydrogen peroxide from samples fortified at 0.5, 2, and 10 ppm ranged from 70.7 +/- 8.9 to 98. 5 +/- 1.2%. Color development was linear with amount of H2O2 from 0.5 to 20 micrograms, corresponding to 0.05-2 ppm in samples. PMID- 7309668 TI - Determination and confirmation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in beer. AB - A qualitative method has been developed for the confirmation of N nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in beer by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) from full mass scans after quantitation, using a gas chromatograph interfaced to a thermal energy analyzer (GC/TEA). The GC/MS method has a lower limit of confirmation of 5 ppb. In a survey of 22 imported and 42 domestic beers, NDMA was found in 60 samples by GC/TEA at levels up to 7.7 ppb, and was confirmed by GC/MS in 5 samples. PMID- 7309667 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of ethoxyquin in paprika and chili powder. AB - A method is described for the determination of ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy 2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) in paprika and chili powder. Ethoxyquin is extracted from the spice with hexane and partitioned into 0.3N HCl. After adjusting the solution to pH 13-14, ethoxyquin is extracted into hexane, and the hexane layer is evaporated to dryness. An acetonitrile solution of the residue is then analyzed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase is water-acetonitrile with ammonium acetate buffer. Recoveries from samples fortified at 50, 100, and 200 ppm averaged 92% with a coefficient of variation of 2.3%. The method was applied to a number of commercial samples of paprika and chili powder. Ethoxyquin was found in paprika samples at levels up to 63 ppm and in chili powder samples at levels up to 20 ppm. PMID- 7309669 TI - Gravimetric determination of ethoxylated mono- and diglycerides in bread. AB - A gravimetric method is described for the quantitative determination of ethoxylated mono-and diglycerides (EMGs) in bread at levels as low 0.42% (dry sample). The air-dried pulverized samples are Soxhlet-extracted 22 h with an azeotropic mixture of n-propanol-water. The contents are evaporated to dryness, and then treated with 5% HCl in methanol to trans-esterify the fatty acids present which are then removed by petroleum ether extraction. The EMGs are subsequently precipitated from aqueous solution with phosphomolybdic acid in the presence of barium ions. The precipitate is weighed and compared with known amounts of standard carried through the same procedure. PMID- 7309671 TI - Radiologic findings in parasitic infection of the small bowel. PMID- 7309670 TI - Comparison of yeast and mold counts by spiral, pour, and streak plate methods. AB - Foods with naturally occurring yeast and mold were used in a comparative study of 4 plating techniques. Oats, green beans, and cheese were incubated for 3 and 5 days at 25 degrees C. Although 3 days of incubation would be sufficient for yeast, 5 days were necessary for the mold count. The percent recovery of yeast and molds by the spiral and streak methods ranged from 200 to 357% compared with the pour plating method described in the Bacteriological Analytical manual (BAM). The spiral method had the highest overall recovery and the lowest replicate plating error. PMID- 7309672 TI - [Double contrast radiographic studies of lesions of early Crohn's disease (58 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309674 TI - [RBE of 252 Cf for growth reduction in Vicia faba bean roots (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309673 TI - The silhouette sign on an inspiration-expiration pair of radiographs. PMID- 7309675 TI - To the epidemiology of Hodgkin's lymphogranulomatosis. PMID- 7309677 TI - Acute vitamin B1 deficiency (wernicke's encephalopathy) in connection with radiotherapy for oral cavity cancer. PMID- 7309676 TI - Renoduodenal fistula involving an ectopic kidney. PMID- 7309678 TI - Chemotaxis of Spirochaeta aurantia: involvement of membrane potential in chemosensory signal transduction. AB - The effects of valinomycin and nigericin on sugar chemotaxis in Spirochaeta aurantia were investigated by using a quantitative capillary assay, and the fluorescent cation, 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiodicarbocyanine iodide was used as a probe to study effects of chemoattractants on membrane potential. Addition of a chemoattractant, D-xylose, to cells in either potassium or sodium phosphate buffer resulted in a transient membrane depolarization. In the presence of valinomycin, the membrane potential of cells in potassium phosphate buffer was reduced, and the transient membrane depolarization that resulted from the addition of D-xylose was eliminated. Although there was no detectable effect of valinomycin on motility, D-xylose taxis of cells in potassium phosphate buffer was completely inhibited by valinomycin. In sodium phosphate buffer, valinomycin had little effect on membrane potential or D-xylose taxis. Nigericin is known to dissipate the transmembrane pH gradient of S. aurantia in potassium phosphate buffer. This compound did not dissipate the membrane potential or the transient membrane depolarization observed upon addition of D-xylose to cells in either potassium or sodium phosphate buffer. Nigericin did not inhibit D-xylose taxis in either potassium or sodium phosphate buffer. This study indicates that the membrane potential but not the transmembrane pH gradient of S. aurantia is somehow involved in chemosensory signal transduction. PMID- 7309679 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the multiple molecular forms of staphylococcal clotting activity (coagulase). AB - The clotting activity of Staphylococcus aureus strain 104 was purified 46,000 fold, but absolute purity was not achieved. Carbohydrate content of the purified material was not more than 5%. Elution of clotting activity from denaturing and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of four distinct molecular forms. Molecular weights of the forms were approximately 31,500, 34,800, 44,800, and 56,800 as determined by gel filtration in 8 M urea, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by calculation with determined values for the Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient. Molecular weights determined on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea gels were found to decrease as the gel concentration increased, suggesting that the amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate bound was less than normal. Estimated frictional ratios for the forms showed that they differ in shape from one another and that they are all highly asymmetrical. Each of the forms had an isoelectric point between pH 5.44 and 5.47 when focused in 6% polyacrylamide gels for 9 h; however, prolonged focusing altered the isoelectric point of the forms to within the range of pH 4.35 to 4.65. The multiple clotting forms were not artifacts of the purification procedure and did not appear to be products of the proteolytic degradation of a larger protein. PMID- 7309680 TI - Inactivation of cell-associated fructosyltransferase in Streptococcus salivarius. AB - In stationary phase, 95% of the fructosyltransferase (FTase) activity of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 was found associated with the cells. Within the first 15 min after inoculation into fresh medium, the specific activity of cell-associated FTase decreased by 92% of its initial value. After this period of initial loss, the enzyme was synthesized during exponential growth until a maximum level equivalent to that present before inoculation was obtained. The inactivation of FTase was also demonstrated in a nongrowing system. Washed cell suspensions incubated at 37 degrees C in 200 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 10 microM Cu2+ lost 80 to 95% of their FRase activity after 30 min. This loss could be prevented by the addition of histidine, cysteine, or Ca2+ to the suspension mixture. A factor(s) essential for the inactivation of cell associated FTase could itself be preferentially inactivated by heating cells at 40 degrees C for periods of up to 3 h, or by storage of cells at 0 to 4 degrees C for several days in a low-ionic-strength, low-pH, potassium phosphate buffer. Treatment of cells with the N-acetylmuramidase enzyme M-1, in the presence of 0.5 M melezitose, resulted in the release of FTase from the cell. The released enzyme was recovered in the supernatant fraction after centrifugation at 160,000 x g for 90 min. Comparison of solubilized active and inactivated FTase preparations by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the inactivation of cell associated FTase activity was associated with the loss of specific protein bands. PMID- 7309681 TI - Active transport of amino acids in Thiobacillus thioparus is a low-affinity process. AB - A method for the isolation of amino acid auxotrophs of Thiobacillus thioparus is described. Characterization of a leucine auxotroph indicated that leucine biosynthesis in T. thioparus was not different from that of heterotrophic bacteria. T. thioparus cells accumulated amino acids via an active mechanism. Kt values of amino acid transport were between 15 and 330 microM, and Vmax values were 200 to 350 pmol min-1 mg of protein-1. Amino acid transport was carried out by a limited number of systems, each responsible for the uptake of several amino acids. Amino acid auxotrophs of T. thioparus exhibited transport and growth properties similar to those of transport-deficient mutants of heterotrophs which lost the high-affinity, but retained the low-affinity, amino acid transport systems. PMID- 7309682 TI - Regulation of amino acid transport in Thiobacillus thioparus. AB - Amino acid transport in amino acid auxotrophs of Thiobacillus thioparus was enhanced during growth on rate-limiting amino acid concentration. A pleiotropic mutation enhanced general amino acid transport as manifested by higher values of Vmax of amino acid transport. Affinity constants remained unaltered. Mutants with enhanced transport properties did not show changes in oxidation of thiosulfate, did not oxidize various organic compounds, and did not increase the heterotrophic potential of T. thioparus. The mutations for enhanced transport caused increased synthesis of amino acid transport system components. A method for genetic transformation of T. thioparus is described. PMID- 7309683 TI - Role of the flaR gene in flagellar hook formation in Salmonella spp. AB - Flagellar filaments were reconstituted by polymerization with exogenously supplied flagellin monomers at the tips of normal hooks on Salmonella cells which were missing the filaments because of mutations in either the flaL or flaU gene or the flagellin genes H1 and H2. Reconstitution did not occur at the tips of polyhooks of the flaR mutant cells. Thus, the absence of flagellar filaments in the flaR mutant cells was probably caused by the inability of the polyhooks to work as polymerization nuclei for flagellin. A Phf+ mutant which produced polyhooks with flagellar filaments was isolated from a flaR polyhook mutant. Genetic analysis of the Phf+ mutant showed that it carried an intracistronic suppressor mutation of the original flaR mutation. This result indicated that the flaR gene regulates hook length and initiates flagellin formation. PMID- 7309684 TI - Curing of the killer deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids of Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - Ultraviolet irradiation gave rise to frequent curing of killer plasmids pGKl1 and pGK12 of Kluyveromyces lactis. Almost all of the nonkillers obtained lost both plasmids, but one of them lost only pGKl1. The disappearance of pGKl1 was accompanied by the simultaneous loss of the killer activity and of the resistance to the killer factor. A new plasmid, pGKl1S, was obtained, which arose from a deletion in the central region of pGKl1. Genetic analysis suggested that pGKl1S has the killer gene lost by the deletion and the resistance gene intact and that pGKl1S shares the same replication control with pGKl1. PMID- 7309685 TI - [Electromyographical aspects of myositis in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309686 TI - [Study of a new myorelaxant in neurological affections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309687 TI - How can we avoid unnecessary CT scanning for psychiatric patients. AB - We studied 135 psychiatric patients who had CT scans of the brain in addition to psychiatric mental status examination (ME), neurological examination (NE), EEG and Canter's Background Interference Procedure for the Bender Gestalt Test (BIP). The results suggested that CT scans were unnecessary in about a quarter of these patients. Those who had normal ME, NE, EEG and BIP could safely be excluded. Those who had normal ME and NE but abnormal BIP or EEG could also be excluded if they were 40 years or younger with no history of head injury. PMID- 7309688 TI - Super-obesity: a psychiatric profile of patients electing gastric stapling for the treatment of morbid obesity. AB - This is a preliminary report designed to identify personality characteristics which are unique to those super-obese electing a surgical intervention for weight loss. We have laid the groundwork to determine prognostic signs for the success or failure of the gastric stapling surgical technique for the treatment of morbid obesity, Self-report rating scales, demographic data forms, and MMPI's were administered to super-obese subjects and psychiatric consultations performed preoperatively and at various intervals postoperatively. Patients report satisfaction with their weight loss and few physical or psychological complications in the immediate post-op period. The MMPI and psychiatric consultations identify fairly high levels of psychopathology in this group. An aggregate psychiatric profile of the female and male morbidly obese patient is discussed. PMID- 7309689 TI - Psychotic denial of third-trimester pregnancy. AB - This paper presents a case report of denial of third trimester pregnancy and discusses practical clinical management of the risks to mother and unborn child, including unanticipated and unprotected labor and delivery, the possibility of neonaticide and/or subsequent child abuse and neglect. Ethically challenging decisions must be made concerning involuntary commitment, use of medication, controlled labor and delivery, curtailment and possible termination of parental rights through court action. PMID- 7309690 TI - Monosymptomatic psychoses which progress to schizophrenia. AB - Two cases of paranoid schizophrenia are described in which an olfactory delusion was the predominant symptom at some stage in the illnesses. A distinction is drawn between these cases, and cases of Olfactory Reference Syndrome, in which the olfactory delusion is the main feature and schizophrenic decompensation does not occur. An argument is advanced that the Olfactory Reference Syndrome (ORS) is one subtype of Monosymptomatic Hypochondriacal Psychosis (MHP) and reference is made to evidence suggesting that pimozide may be a specific and effective treatment in the various presentations of MHP. PMID- 7309691 TI - Catatonic stupor: a diagnostically non-specific but distinct syndrome. AB - Catatonic stupor is a severe and potentially life-threatening syndrome Unfortunately, recognition is often delayed hindering the prompt institution of effective therapy. Diagnostic confusion may also preclude appropriate treatment. Despite extensive evidence than catatonia is a diagnostically non-specific cross sectional clinical syndrome it is often assumed to indicate schizophrenia and is treated accordingly with neuroleptics whereas it appears that electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice. A case illustrating these issues is presented. PMID- 7309692 TI - Blood group type glycosphingolipids from the small intestine of different animals analysed by mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography. A note on species diversity. AB - The total non-acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from the small intestine of cat, cod-fish, guinea-pig, hen, mouse, rabbit, and two strains of rat. The samples were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry and for immunological activity. Mass spectrometry of permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced permethylated derivatives allowed the interpretation of the structures (carbohydrate sequence and ceramide composition) of up to 9 glycolipid species in one mixture. The interpretation was facilitated by a temperature programming of the direct inlet probe, leading to a successive evaporation of glycolipid species mainly according to the number of sugars. The structures concluded could in most cases be assigned to the separate bands revealed by thin-layer chromatography. Antigenic determinants proposed by the spectra were settled by immunological analysis. Thus, Forssman glycolipid was identified in cat, guinea-pig, hen and mouse, blood group A glycolipids in cat, rabbit, and rat and blood group B glycolipids in rabbit and rat. No Lewis activity was found. Certain ceramide types were demonstrated to exist preferentially in some glycolipids. Globoside and Forssman glycolipids (globo series) had a less hydroxylated ceramide (one free hydroxyl) compared to most fucolipids and other glycolipids (two or three hydroxyls). In conclusion, glycolipid patterns of intestine vary between species, and individuals of the same species. PMID- 7309693 TI - Roles of charged groups on the surface of membrane lipid bilayer of human erythrocytes in induction of shape change. AB - Shape changes of human erythrocytes were induced by partial hydrolysis of phospholipids in the membrane lipid bilayer outer leaflet as a result of the action of exogenous phospholipase A2 or D at pH 7.4 under non-hemolytic conditions. The extent of the shape change caused by phospholipase A2 or D altered drastically when the cells were put into a medium of more alkaline or acidic pH, whereas the shape of untreated cells and cells treated with phospholipase C showed only a mild dependence on pH. These pH-dependent shape changes of intact and phospholipase-treated cells were reversible. Removal of the majority of exposed sialic acid residues from the membrane outer surface by neuraminidase treatment had no influence on the cell shape, or on the pH dependence of the shape change. These results suggest the importance of the electric charges of polar groups located directly on the surface of the membrane lipid bilayer in inducing cell shape changes. PMID- 7309694 TI - Smooth muscle of scallop adductor contains at least two kinds of myosin. AB - Smooth muscle myosin purified from the small adductor of scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, showed four distinct bands in the region of low molecular weight upon urea-gel electrophoresis. The two components showing the lowest mobilities in the electrophoresis were assigned as regulatory light chains and named as RLC-a and RLC-b. The component showing the highest mobility was SH-light chain, and the other component was not identified. Regulatory light chains of myosin prepared from the opaque portion of smooth muscle were estimated to be 40% RLC-a and 60% RLC-b, while those of myosin from the translucent portion were 20% RLC-a and 80% RLC-b. The rates of both myosin and actomyosin ATPases and of superprecipitation of actomyosin appear to be lower with myosin having RLC-a than with myosin RLC-b. Myosin having RLC-a might be involved in catch contraction, which is seen mainly in the opaque portion of smooth muscle. Amino acid analysis revealed a marked difference in Arg contents between the two regulatory light chains. The amino acid composition of SH-light chains of smooth myosin was almost the same as that of striated myosin of scallop except for a slight difference in Asp content. PMID- 7309695 TI - The amino acid sequences of proteinase inhibitors I-A and I-A' from adzuki beans. AB - Several proteins which strongly inhibit trypsin have been found in adzuki bean seeds. Two of them, designated as adzuki proteinase inhibitors (API) I-A and I A', were analyzed for their amino acid sequences by conventional methods. Inhibitors I-A and I-A' exhibited strong homology with other Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitors from leguminous seeds in spite of belonging to different genera. Inhibitors I-A and I-A' consisted of 78 and 72 amino acid residues and their molecular weights were 9,100 and 8,300, respectively. Inhibitor I-A' lacked the six amino acid residues of the amino terminus of inhibitor I-A and had an asparagine residue in place of the aspartic acid residue at position 40 of inhibitor I-A. The results showed the occurrence of some genetic variants of proteinase inhibitors in adzuki bean seeds. Inhibitor I-A was a double-headed one, and the reactive sites for trypsin were Lys-Ser and Arg-Ser bonds. Therefore, inhibitor I-A' was also assumed to be a double-headed one having Lys Ser and Arg-Ser bonds as the reactive sites for the enzyme. PMID- 7309696 TI - Tritium labeling of alpha-neurotoxins with N-succinimidyl[3H]propionate. AB - The 3H-labeling of alpha-bungarotoxin and erabutoxin b and N-succinimidyl[2,3-3H] propionate was examined by varying the concentrations of the reagents. The reaction yielded mono- and di[3H]propionyl-alpha-bungarotoxins and mono[3H]propionyl-erabutoxin b, which were readily isolated by CM-Sephadex C-25 chromatography and isoelectric focusing. All of these derivatives have essentially the same biological properties as the native toxins. Peptide mapping analysis revealed that monopropionyl derivatives of both toxins, which were sharply focused as single components in isoelectric focusing, were each composed of 2-4 isomers. PMID- 7309697 TI - Purification and characterization of RNase-inhibitor complex from rat reticulocytes. AB - During purification of the RNase-inhibitor complex from rat reticulocytes, two forms of the complex were separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. One complex was purified 10,000-fold from the cell lysate, and the other 1,000-fold. Both complexes were shown to be composed of 1 mol of RNase and 1 mol of inhibitor. Reconstitution experiments revealed that the multiplicity of the complex was primarily due to differences in the RNase. The RNases derived from the two complexes differed in their sensitivities to metal ions and hemin. PMID- 7309698 TI - Calcium-induced calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - Passive permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles for Ca2+ was studied by the Millipore filtration method using 45Ca. The efflux rate of Ca2+ increased in the presence of micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ in the medium when the Mg2+ concentration was low. The dependence of the Ca2+ release rate on the extravesicular Ca2+ concentration was not affected by the intravesicular Ca2+ concentration. The Ca2+ release was enhanced by caffeine, but reduced by procaine and Mg2+. These properties suggest that the Ca2+ release is a similar phenomenon to the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release observed in skinned muscle fiber. Kinetic analysis of the efflux curves suggests that two types of vesicles exist in our preparation; about 2/3 of the vesicles release Ca2+ as described above and the remainder does not. PMID- 7309699 TI - Sulfhydryl groups related to the catalytic activity of gramicidin S synthetase 1 of Bacillus brevis. AB - Gramicidin S synthetase 1 (GS 1) [EC 5.1.1.11] (phenylalanine racemase) of Bacillus brevis contained about six sulfhydryl groups as determined by titration of the enzyme with 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Two types of sulfhydryl groups could be detected in the reaction with DTNB. One sulfhydryl group reacted rapidly with DTNB whereas the other five reacted more slowly with it. Phenylalanine racemizing activity was abolished on the rapid sulfhydryl modification with DTNB. When GS 1 of the wild strain was preincubated with phenylalanine at 37 degrees C in the presence of ATP, MgCl(2), and dithiothreitol (DTT), the rapid sulfhydryl modification with DTNB was prevented. When GS 1 was incubated with L-[14C]phenylalanine in the presence of ATP, MgCl(2), and DTT, 1 mol of L-[14C]phenylalanine was incorporated per mol of enzyme protein as an acid stable phenylalanine thioester-enzyme complex. On the other hand, for GS 1 of a gramicidin S non-producing and phenylalanine racemization-lacking mutant of B. brevis, the substate protection against the rapid sulfhydryl modification was not detected and L-[14C]phenylalanine was not incorporated into the enzyme protein as the thioester complex. These results strongly suggest that one sulfhydryl group of GS 1 which reacts rapidly with DTNB is essential for the racemizing activity. PMID- 7309700 TI - Properties of amino acid composition of the tryptic fragments of the heavy chain of myosin subfragment-1. AB - Limited tryptic digestion of the heavy chain of chymotryptic myosin subfragment-1 gives three major fragments with approximate molecular weights of 50 K, 27 K, and 20 K daltons. We previously reported (Hozumi, T. & Muhlrad, A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 2945-2950) that these fragments can be separated by gel filtration in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. By using this method, the tryptophan content and amino acid composition of fragments were measured. The 27 K and 50 K fragments were found to be rich in tryptophan, in contrast to the 20 K fragment. PMID- 7309701 TI - Fatty acid synthetase from the Harderian gland of guinea pig: biosynthesis of methyl-branched fatty acids. AB - Fatty acid synthetase was isolated from guinea pig Harderian gland. This enzyme complex exhibited a unique character as compared with the fatty acid synthetase from the liver of the same animal. The former enzyme produced many odd-numbered and methyl-branched fatty acids in the presence of methylmalonyl-CoA. These fatty acids are characteristic components of the lipid secreted from this gland. The chemical structure of this lipid has been identified as 1-O-alkyl-2,3 diacylglycerol by previous work from this laboratory (Yamazaki, T., Seyama, Y., Otsuka, H., Ogawa, H., & Yamakawa, T. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 683-691). Apparent Km values (5 X 10(-6) M) for acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA were the same, but the Vmax for propionyl-CoA was much higher than that for acetyl-CoA. The pI value of the fatty acid synthetase from Harderian gland was 5.3, and the molecular weight of the enzyme was 9 X 10(5) daltons. The beta-ketoacyl reductase had pro-S stereospecificity and the enoly reductase had pro-R stereospecificity for NADPH. The results presented in this paper indicate that the fatty acid synthetase from guinea pig Harderian gland can produce a set of fatty acids needed for the synthesis of the lipid secreted from this gland, and that the fatty acid synthetase has a characteristic organ specificity. PMID- 7309702 TI - pH-dependence of the binding constant of monodispersed n-dodecylphosphorylcholine to the phospholipase A2 of A, Halys blomhoffii. Participation of ionizable groups with pK of 5.16 and 7.30. PMID- 7309703 TI - Purification of a new protein stimulating RNA polymerase II from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: comparison with proteins purified before. AB - A protein factor named S-I(b) that stimulates the activity of RNA polymerase II was purified from Ehrlich ascites tumors cells. The final preparation gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein has a molecular weight of 24,000 and is significantly smaller than S-II and S-II', stimulatory proteins of RNA polymerase II purified previously. However, S-I(b) cross-reacted with antibody against S-II and its peptide map obtained after radio-iodination was identical with that of S-II' (a phosphorylated form of S-II), indicating that S-I(b) and S-II share a common primary structure. S-I(b) is suggested not to be a degradation product of S-II produced during the purification process, and the structural relations between S II and S-II' are discussed. PMID- 7309704 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase from rat liver. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase from rat liver was determined. Sequence analyses were performed on the 12 cyanogen bromide peptides isolated after cleavage with cyanogen bromide. The amino acid sequences of all these cyanogen bromide peptides were determined by a combination of tryptic digestion, carboxypeptidase digestion and manual Edman degradation. The large peptides were hydrolyzed with trypsin after maleylation or treatment with 1,2-cyclohexanedione. These cyanogen bromide peptides were aligned by homology with the corresponding cyanogen bromide peptides from pig heart isozyme. The polypeptide chain has 401 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 44,358. Comparison showed that 24 of the 401 residues of mitochondrial glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase from rat liver are different from those of pig heart isozyme and that homology between the two isozymes is 94%. PMID- 7309705 TI - Genome multiplicity and radiation resistance in Micrococcus radiodurans. AB - The number of genome equivalents of DNA per cell of M. radiodurans changed from approximately 5 to 10 depending on the media used. The sensitivity to ultraviolet light or gamma-rays was not different between the cells with different genome multiplicity. This suggests that the efficient repair process for DNA damage expressed in M. radiodurans is not influenced by the multiplicity of genomes in a cell. PMID- 7309706 TI - Rate of transacylation between 2' and 3'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine. AB - The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra of 2'-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine and 3'-O-L phenylalanyladenosine in deuterated phosphate buffer were analyzed. The transacylation between these two isomers was studied by saturation transfer experiments on H1' proton resonances and the transacylation rate was directly determined to be 0.76 s-1 at pD 6.9 and 25 degrees C. This transacylation rate is appreciably slower than the rate of polypeptide chain elongation, suggesting the presence of enzymatic activity for the transacylation of aminoacyl-tRNA in protein biosynthesis. PMID- 7309707 TI - Effects of cathepsin B, H, and D in pectoral muscle of dystrophic chickens (line 413) of in vivo administration of E-64-c (N-[N-(L-3-transcarboxyoxirane-2 carbonyl)-L-leucyl]-3-methyl-butylamine). AB - The total activities of cathepsin B and cathepsin H in pectoral muscle of dystrophic chickens (Line 413) were about two times higher than in control chickens (Line 412), and cathepsin D activity was about 3 times higher in this muscle in the dystrophic chickens. When E-64-c, a synthesized potent thiol inhibitor was injected subcutaneously, in various doses, daily for 80 days into dystrophic chickens (L 413), the activities of cathepsin B and cathepsin H were reduced to the levels in control chickens (Line 412), but cathepsin D activity, which is insensitive to E-64-c in vitro, was not changed. PMID- 7309708 TI - Preparation and characterization of cobalt(II)-substituted bovine serum amine oxidase. AB - The Type-2 copper ion in bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) was first replaced by cobalt(II) ion. The enzymatic activity of Co(II)BSAO was 13.3% of that of native BSAO. The various spectral data indicated that the Co(II) center has tetrahedral geometry (high-spin state) and is linked by two nitrogens and two oxygens. It was also found that the putative organic chromophore suggested by many investigators exhibits a positive CD band near 370 nm and a negative CD band near 440 nm. PMID- 7309709 TI - Studies on the structures of the carbohydrate moiety of human prothrombin. AB - Human prothrombin contains three asparagine-linked sugar chains in one molecule. The sugar chains were quantitatively liberated as radioactive oligosaccharides from the polypeptide moiety by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and Nab3H4 reduction. All of the oligosaccharides contain N-acetylneuraminic acid. The neutral oligosaccharides obtained from all acidic oligosaccharides by sialidase digestion are identical. By the combination of sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis, the structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human prothrombin were confirmed to be as follows: (sequence in text). PMID- 7309710 TI - A large-scale preparation and some physicochemical properties of recA protein. AB - Pure recA protein was easily obtained from Escherichia coli harboring plasmid pTM 2 which carried the recA gene by two chromatographic steps on phosphocellulose and DEAE-cellulose. RecA protein was stable in the pH range of 6 to 9 at 25 degrees C. RecA protein was found to aggregate highly under these conditions. Lowering of the protein concentration, the presence of glycerol, and lowering of the pH in the pH stability region diminished the extent of aggregation. The spectroscopic properties of recA protein were measured in the presence of 10% (v/v) glycerol. RecA protein had an absorption maximum at 278 nm. The value of a1% 1cm at 278 nm was determined to be 5.7. The tryptophyl fluorescence spectrum excited at 295 nm had an emission maximum at 340 nm and the quantum efficiency of recA protein relative to N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide was determined to be 0.65. The CD spectrum of recA protein had negative double maxima at 210 and 220 nm. The alpha-helical content was estimated to be about 40% from the CD spectrum in the region of 200 to 250 nm. All three cysteinyl residues of recA protein were reacted with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and recA protein was found to have neither intramolecular nor intermolecular disulfide bond. The reactivities of the SH groups were changed by the presence of ATP or ADP. The denaturation of recA protein by guanidine hydrochloride was studied by measuring CD at 220 nm and tryptophyl fluorescence. The denaturation curve obtained by CD measurement consisted of two stages, one of which lies between 0 and 1.8 M and the other above 1.8 M guanidine hydrochloride. On the other hand, the denaturation curve obtained by fluorescence measurement consisted of a single transition in the concentration range of about 1 to 2.3 M guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 7309711 TI - Effect of cytochrome b5 on fatty acid omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation catalyzed by partially purified cytochrome P-450 from rabbit kidney cortex microsomes. AB - Cytochrome P-450 was solubilized from kidney cortex microsomes of rabbits treated with 3-methylcholanthrene and partially purified by chromatography on 6-amino-n hexyl Sepharose 4B and heparin-Sepharose CL-6B columns. Fatty acid omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation activity was reconstituted from the partially purified cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, with phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine. The activity was further stimulated by addition of detergent-solubilized cytochrome b5 from rabbit liver microsomes. Trypsin solubilized or boiled detergent-solubilized cytochrome b5 had no effect. Among fatty acids tested, caprate, laurate, myristate, and palmitate were the most effective substrates. When caprate and laurate were used as the substrates, the products were the corresponding omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acids. The ratio of these products was altered by addition of cytochrome b5. On the other hand, when myristate and palmitate were the substrates, small amounts of unknown polar fatty acids were also formed besides omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acids, and the ratio of these products was not affected by addition of cytochrome b5. Benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation activity was also reconstituted from the same cytochrome P-450 preparation, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and phosphatidylserine. However, cytochrome b5 showed only a slight stimulation. The possibility that different cytochrome P-450 species are involved in fatty acid and benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylations is discussed. PMID- 7309712 TI - pH dependence of the binding constant of Ca2+ to the phospholipase A2 of A. halys blomhoffii. Participation of ionizable groups with pK values of 5.16, 6.45, and 7.30. AB - The pH dependence of the binding constant of Ca2+ to the phospholipase A2 of A. halys blomhoffii was studied at 25 degrees C and an ionic strength of 0.1 by the tryptophyl fluorescence method and aromatic circular dichroism (Ikeda and Samejima (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 1175-1184), and was compared with those for cobra venom phospholipases A2 (Teshima et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 13-20) and for porcine pancreatic enzyme (Pieterson et al. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 1439-1445). The shape of the pH-dependence curve was closer to that for the porcine enzyme than those for the cobra enzymes. The data were analyzed on the basis of our previous findings (Ikeda and Samejima (1981) J. Biochem., 90, 799-804) that the pK value of the ionizable group (alpha-amino group) is perturbed from 7.30 to 6.30 on the Ca2+ binding, and that the protonation of another group corresponding to Asp 49 of the porcine enzyme with a pK value of 5.16 competes with the Ca2+ binding. An additional ionizable group with a pK value of 6.45 was found to participate in the Ca2+ ion binding, and this was assigned to the His residue corresponding to His 48 in the active site of the porcine enzyme. PMID- 7309713 TI - Estimation of rate constants in lysozyme-catalyzed reaction of chitooligosaccharides. AB - The rate constants of the cleavage of glycoside linkage, hydration (hydrolysis) and transglycosylation in a lysozyme-catalyzed reaction of substrate chitooligosaccharides were evaluated by computer analysis of the experimentally obtained reaction time-courses. In the computer analysis, the rate equation was numerically solved by use of the known binding constants for each subsite. Because of the complexity of the lysozyme-catalyzed reaction, optimal values of rate constants were determined by checking the sensitivity of each rate constant to the computed time-courses. It was not possible to estimate uniquely the rate constants for transglycosylation and hydration, owing to the nature of the enzymatic reaction, but it was possible to estimate accurately their ratio. The estimated values were 0.94 s-1 for the rate constant for the cleavage of glycosidic linkage and 133 for the ratio of rate constants of transglycosylation and hydration. PMID- 7309714 TI - Cross-linking of intact erythrocyte membrane with a newly synthesized cleavable bifunctional reagent. AB - In order to clarify the interaction of membrane proteins in intact cells (not ghosts), a new bifunctional cleavable reagent, maleimidomethyl-3-maleimido propionate (MMP), was synthesized. Human intact erythrocytes and ghosts were incubated with this reagent. Cross-linked products were analyzed by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with incubation of the first dimensional gel in 0.1 N NaOH for 15 min at room temperature before the second run. In the case of ghosts, newly appeared bands were tentatively identified as a spectrin dimer, a complex of band 2 with band 5 degrees, which runs very slightly more slowly than band 5 and is phosphorylated by 32P in intact cells, a complex of band 3 with band 5, a dimer of band 3 and a dimer of band 5 degrees. In the case of intact cells, the newly appeared bands were complexes of band 3 with bands 4.3, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7 and band 5 dimer, in addition to those seen in the case of ghosts. The technique of membrane phosphorylation permitted the clearer identification of each band. This reagent is useful for studying the relationship among cell membrane proteins in intact erythrocytes. PMID- 7309715 TI - Isolation and partial structural characterization of macroglycolipid from rabbit erythrocyte membranes. AB - A macroglycolipid containing galactose and N-acetylglucosamine as predominant sugar constituents was prepared together with glycophorin from rabbit erythrocyte membranes by extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate and partition in aqueous phenol. The macroglycolipid was effectively separated from the glycophorin fraction by ion-exchange chromatography in the presence of a detergent, Ammonyx LO. Its yield (ca. 4 mg/100 ml erythrocytes) was significantly higher than that of the macroglycolipids from human erythrocytes. The structure of the carbohydrate moiety in the macroglycolipid was analyzed by methylation analysis, Smith degradation, nitrous acid deamination, and chromium trioxide oxidation. Assuming one ceramide residue per molecule, the average number of sugars in the macroglycolipid was about 30. The macroglycolipid had a highly branching structure: Gal(alpha 1 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc sequences are present at nonreducing termini and leads to 3 Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc repeating units are present in the inner core of the sugar chain. Some of the inner galactose residues branch at the C-6 position. Constituents of the ceramide moiety were also characterized. PMID- 7309716 TI - Human spleen histone H3. Isolation and amino acid sequence. AB - The amino acid sequence of human spleen histone H3 was investigated as a study in histone evolution, following previous investigations of human spleen histone H2B [Ohe, Y., Hayashi, H., & Iwai, K. (1979) J. Biochem. 85, 615-624] and H2A [Hayashi, T., Ohe, Y., Hayashi, H., & Iwai, K. (1980) J. Biochem. 88, 27-34]. The H3 fraction was obtained as described previously and further purified by Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography. The reduced and carboxymethylated H3 was digested with an arginine-specific protease, Clostripain, and the peptides were fractionated by repeated column chromatographies with reasonable recoveries. Most of these peptides, together with two tryptic peptides and one chymotryptic peptide obtained similarly, were sequenced by Edman degradation. Thus, the human H3 was deduced to have a sequence of 135 amino acid residues identical with that of the main component of calf thymus H3, except for one complete substitution (Ser for Cys-96) and four partial substitutions (Ser for Ala-31, Ala for Ser-87, Ile for Val-89, and gly for Met-90), which suggest the presence of at least two variants. Three methylated lysines (residues 9, 27, and 36) and two acetylated lysines (residues 14 and 23) were also found. The substitutions and modifications found in the human H3 are compared with those in the known H3 sequences of other eukaryotes, and the implications are discussed. PMID- 7309717 TI - Cell-free synthesis of ornithine aminotransferase of rat liver. AB - Mitochondrial ornithine aminotransferase was synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system using polysomal mRNA from rat liver. Upon analyzing the primary translation product by electrophoresis and fluorography, we found that ornithine aminotransferase is synthesized not as a large precursor but as one with its authentic size. Free ribosomes were found to be the main site of synthesis of ornithine aminotransferase. PMID- 7309718 TI - Increased synthesis of hexacosanoic acid (C23:0) by cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). AB - We studied the metabolism of radioactive stearic acid by cultured skin fibroblasts from patients wtih adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and its variant, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), to clarify the mechanism of the increased content of very long chain saturated fatty acids in cholesterol esters and sphingolipids, which are known to be the characteristic biochemical changes in ALD and AMN. A substantial amount of hexacosanoic acid (C26 : 0) wa synthesized from stearic acid by ALD and AMN fibroblasts, whereas only a trace amount of hexacosanoic acid was synthesized by control fibroblasts. This indicates that the primary biochemical defect in ALD and AMN may involved the elongation system of very long chain fatty acids. PMID- 7309719 TI - Separation and characterization of hematosides with different sialic acids and ceramides from rat small intestine. Different composition of epithelial cells versus non-epithelial tissue and of duodenum versus jejunum-ileum. AB - The hematosides (sialyl-lactosylceramides) of rat small intestine were separated as their acetylated derivatives. The isolated fractions were characterized by mass spectrometry and degradative methods, and the two major fractions also by NMR spectroscopy. From these results hematosides with different sialic acid and ceramide type could be assigned to thin-layer chromatographic bands. This allowed a structural interpretation of the chromatographic patterns observed for different parts of the small intestine. Thus, epithelial cells of ileum contained only hematoside with N-glycoloylneuraminic acid. Duodenum lacked this compound and instead the epithelial cells contained hematoside with N-acetylneuraminic acid. In non-epithelial tissue or both duodenum and jejunum-ileum the major hematoside had N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. The hematosides of epithelial cells had ceramide containing 18 : 0 trihydroxy base combined with 16, 20, 22, 24 : 0, and 24 : 1 hydroxy fatty acids (major part) or non-hydroxy fatty acids. In the non epithelial hematosides the ceramide consisted of 18 : 1 dihydroxy base combined with 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 : 0, and 24 : 1 non-hydroxy fatty acids. PMID- 7309720 TI - Stimulation of protein synthesis in round spermatids from rat testes by lactate. II. Role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). AB - The stimulatory effects of glucose and lactate on protein synthesis by round spermatids (steps 1-8) were further studied. When the cells were incubated with lactate, the response of protein synthesis in round spermatids was closely related to the intracellular level of ATP. The ATP level in spermatids increased to 3.13 +/- 0.20 nmol/10(6) cells from 0.37 +/- 0.02 nmol/10(6) cells after incubation of the cells at 34 degrees C for 60 min in the presence of lactate (20 mM). However, the ATP level fell rapidly to an undetectable level (less than 0.02 nmol/10(6) cells) during incubation for 30 min at 34 degrees C without lactate. The ATP level and the rate of protein synthesis in spermatids increased rapidly when lactate (20 mM) was added to the control cells during incubation. It was also found that incorporation of 32P into ATP was increased by treatment with lactate (20 mM), but glucose (10 mM) had no effect on 32P incorporation into ATP. When the rates of utilization of glucose and lactate by spermatids were examined, using 14C-labeled glucose and lactate, the rate of utilization of lactate was faster than that of glucose. These results suggest that the ATP is probably a major factor in the stimulation of protein synthesis in round spermatids. PMID- 7309721 TI - Isolation and characterization of two potent inhibitors of various NADH dehydrogenases formed during storage of NADH. PMID- 7309722 TI - Identification of residue 103 in hen egg-white lysozyme. AB - Since it has been uncertain whether residue 103 in hen egg-white lysozyme is aspartic acid or asparagine, we reexamined the identity of this residue. To avoid complication, the tryptic peptide T-13 (Ile 98-Arg 112) was further cleaved. The peptide containing residues Gly 102-Arg 112 was obtained by tryptic digestion of lysozyme modified at Asp 101 with diethylenetriamine. The peptide containing residues Ile 98-homoserine 105 was obtained by BrCN treatment of peptide T-13. Both Edman degradation of the former peptide and carboxypeptidase X digestion of the latter peptide identified residue 103 in hen egg-white lysozyme as asparagine. PMID- 7309723 TI - A comparative study of the transport of pyruvate in liver mitochondria from normal and diabetic rats. AB - A comparative study of the transport of pyruvate in liver mitochondria from normal and diabetic rats has been carried out. The Km for the pyruvate uptake in diabetic, ketotic mitochondria is practically equal to that measured in normal mitochondria, while the Vmax is significantly lower. The lower activity of the pyruvate translocator in diabetic mitochondria compared to normal mitochondria is also shown by swelling experiments as well as by following the rate of pyruvate supported respiration. Pre-exposure of mitochondria from normal rats to the ketone body acetoacetate and to 2-oxobutyrate results in a decrease of the Km for pyruvate uptake. This effect is impaired in mitochondria from diabetic animals. The results indicate that the activity and the properties of the mitochondrial pyruvate translocator are modified in the diabetic, ketotic condition. PMID- 7309724 TI - Natural electrical RF oscillation from cells. AB - Electrical oscillatory rf phenomena are present during the division of cells. These were examined by studying the attraction of cells for polarizable powders. They are understood to occur by a process termed microdielectrophoresis (micro DEP), the motion induced by a nonuniform electric field acting on a polarizable body. The suggestion that an electrical oscillatory aspect may also be involved in the "contact" or density inhibition of cell division and the mechanisms that may cause invasiveness of oncogenic cells are theoretically explored (i.e., changes in either the power level or the frequency of the oscillatory phenomena associated with cell division, or in the degree of electrical insulation of the cell from electrical damping by nearby cells). A number of experiments to test this hypothesis are suggested. PMID- 7309725 TI - Relative locations of the beta and delta chains of the acetylcholine receptor determined by electron microscopy of isolated receptor trimer. AB - The monomeric unit of the acetylcholine receptor of electric tissue of Torpedo californica has previously been shown to have a subunit composition of alpha 2 beta gamma delta. Receptor in membrane isolated from Torpedo electric tissue occurs as both monomer and dimer. In the dimer which is the predominant form, the monomeric units are cross-linked via a disulfide bond between delta chains. The addition of diamide to receptor-rich membrane causes the formation of trimer and higher oligomers in which the monomeric units are linked by disulfide bonds alternately between pairs of delta chains and between pairs of beta chains. We have isolated receptor trimer and determined the relative locations of the monomeric units by scanning transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations. In face view, the trimer appears as three approximately 90 A disks, each with a central, densely staining pit. From the angles of the triangle formed by the lines connecting the centers of the monomers in the trimer, we infer that the beta-beta disulfide bond is separated from the delta delta disulfide bond by an angle in the range of 50-80 degrees. PMID- 7309726 TI - 26-Hydroxycholesterol. Identification and quantitation in human serum. AB - Using isotope dilution mass spectrometry, 26-hydroxycholesterol was identified in the serum of normal adults. Total values ranged from 9.2 to 25.6 micrograms/100 ml of which 31-35% was free sterol. Density gradient ultracentrifugation indicates that the steroid is distributed among the low and high density lipoproteins. PMID- 7309727 TI - Ryanodine alters the rate of acetylcholine receptor synthesis in chick skeletal muscle cell cultures. PMID- 7309729 TI - The formation of erythrocyte membrane proteins during erythropoietin-induced differentiation. AB - The effect of erythropoietin on the synthesis of the proteins characteristic of mature erythrocyte membranes was studied in cultures of bone marrow cells from adult, polycythemic rats. Stimulated synthesis of the major glycoprotein, glycophorin, was maximal at 30 h and fell to control level by 66 h. Stimulated synthesis of the major integral membrane protein, band 3, occurred at about 18 h was maximal at 66 h, and fell to control level by 114 h. In contrast, stimulated hemoglobin synthesis did not start until after 24 h, was maximal at 96 h, and was at control level at 114 h. Erythropoietin had, in addition, a transient effect on the synthesis of some membrane proteins found in marrow cells but not in mature red cells. PMID- 7309728 TI - A simple, efficient method for coupling DNA to cellulose. Development of the method and application to mRNA purification. AB - A simple, efficient method to couple covalently DNA to cellulose is described. It utilizes the bifunctional oxirane 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether to activate cellulose and subsequently to link DNA to the cellulose. The optimal conditions for the latter reaction included use of a dehydration technique whereby DNA and activated cellulose were allowed to react on a glass slide in 0.1 N NaOH. Initial volume of the reaction was important; less than or equal to 250 microliters/50 mg cellulose was necessary for maximum efficiency. At DNA concentrations of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/mg cellulose, efficiency of binding was 90%. Binding studies using nucleotide homopolymers indicated that the order of the relative efficiencies of binding was poly(dT) greater than poly(dC) = poly(dA) greater than poly(dG). DNAs subjected to the binding conditions had an average of 0-1 breaks/molecule (for a 915-base DNA). A cloned double-stranded cDNA was coupled to cellulose by this technique. The cDNA was coupled to cellulose by this technique. The DNA-cellulose matrix was successfully used to purify the complementary mRNA from total poly(A)-enriched RNA by affinity chromatography. This method is very simple and highly efficient and can be conveniently adapted for the covalent coupling of various DNA species to cellulose for affinity chromatography. PMID- 7309730 TI - The reaction of oxygen with protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida. Characterization of a new oxygenated intermediate. AB - The reactions of protocatechuate dioxygenase (protocatechuate:oxygen 3,4 oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.3) with substrates and oxygen have been studied at 4 degrees C using rapid kinetic techniques. In this study, two oxygenated intermediates were kinetically and spectrally characterized. The rate of oxygen addition to the enzyme-substrate complex was determined to be 5 X 10(5) M-1 s-1. This oxygenated complex rapidly converts (450 s-1) to another spectrally identifiable compound which then breaks down into free enzyme and the product, beta-carboxy-cis,cis-muconic acid. To carry out these experiments properly, it was necessary to use hyperbaric oxygen, thus obtaining approximately 6 mM final concentration of oxygen. The procedure is described in this work. It was also shown that the normally slow substrate, dihydroxyphenyl propionate, when reacted with the enzyme and oxygen, rapidly forms two sequential intermediates. However, the second intermediate was not spectrally the same as that observed with protocatechuate, but was more like that of enzyme-product complexes. Similar, although less extensive, studies using the protocatechuate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that very analogous behavior occurred with both substrates as did with the Pseudomonas putida enzyme. PMID- 7309731 TI - Comparison of proteoglycans extracted from high and low weight-bearing human articular cartilage, with particular reference to sialic acid content. AB - Proteoglycan subunits extracted in the presence of proteinase inhibitors from autologous knee and shoulder cartilage were examined in different donors of various ages, in order to determine the effect of weight bearing on the age related changes in proteoglycan structure. At each age, high density proteoglycans from the two joints of the same individual were virtually identical with respect to chemical composition, hydrodynamic size, ability to aggregate with hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate chain length. The proteoglycan content of the cartilage decreased with age, as did the size of the proteoglycan subunits. In contrast, the proportions of keratan sulfate to chondroitin sulfate, protein to glycosaminoglycan, and chondroitin 6 sulfate to chondroitin 4-sulfate all increased with age. These changes occurred to the same extent in both knee and shoulder cartilage. There was no change in the ability of the proteoglycan to aggregate with hyaluronic acid. The sialic acid profile on Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography, following alkaline borohydride degradation, showed the presence of both keratan sulfate and oligosaccharide chains. The oligosaccharide content of the core protein of the proteoglycan appeared to decrease during the aging process, but it could not be ascertained whether this was related to the increased abundance of keratan sulfate. PMID- 7309732 TI - Induction of hemoglobin synthesis by xylosyladenine in murine erythroleukemia cells. Metabolism of xylosyladenine and effects on transmethylation. AB - The adenosine analog xylosyladenine is a potent inducer of hemoglobin synthesis in Friend virus-infected murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In cultures treated with 0.1 microM xylosyladenine and an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, 80% of the cells accumulated hemoglobin. Under these conditions, cell growth was inhibited by 50%. No effect was observed in the absence of adenosine deaminase inhibition. An adenosine kinase-deficient MEL subline was isolated and was found to be resistant to induction by xylosyladenine. Treated cells accumulated substantial amounts of the xylofuranosyl analogs of ATP, S-adenosylmethionine, and S-adenosylhomocysteine, indicating that metabolites of xylosyladenine participate in S-adenosylmethionine-mediated transmethylation reactions. Measurements of in vivo nucleic acid methylation showed that xylosyladenine causes a marked inhibition of 2'-O-methyluridine, 2'-O-methylcytidine, 5 methyluridine, and 5-methylcytidine formation in the RNA of treated cells. DNA methylation was not inhibited. These data suggest that the xylofuranosyl analogs of S-adenosylmethionine and/or S-adenosylhomocysteine can inhibit intracellular RNA methylation in MEL cells while having little or no such effect on DNA methylation. PMID- 7309733 TI - Hormonal modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in gonadotropin-stimulated and -desensitized testicular Leydig cells. PMID- 7309734 TI - Characterization of hybrid molecules containing fragment A from diphtheria toxin linked to concanavalin A or the binding subunit of ricin toxin. AB - Earlier we described the synthesis of a toxic, disulfide-linked conjugate between Fragment A from diphtheria toxin (DTA) and the lectin concanavalin A (Con A). Here we report further characterization of this Con A-SS-DTA conjugate and of a nontoxic conjugate containing DTA linked through a disulfide bridge to the binding subunit of ricin toxin, RTB. The Con A-SS-DTA conjugate preparation was heterogeneous, and contained both divalent and tetravalent forms of Con A linked to DTA. The divalent form of the conjugate, which lacked hemagglutination activity, was as toxic as the tetravalent form for 3T3 cells. Consistent with this result, Con A-SS-DTA analogs prepared with the chemically modified dimeric derivatives of Con A, succinyl-Con A and acetyl-Con A, were as toxic as DTA disulfide linked to tetravalent Con A. Two analogs of Con A-SS-DTA containing nonreducible intermolecular linkages between DTA and Con A were at least 1000 fold less toxic than Con A-SS-DTA, although they were indistinguishable from unmodified Con A in binding to 3T3 cells. This suggests that reduction of the disulfide bridge between Con A and DTA may be necessary for conjugate toxicity. Con A-SS-DTA was equally toxic for a variety of cell lines varying in sensitivity to diphtheria toxin, including Vero, CHO, HeLa, and 3T3. The conjugate was also toxic for a diphtheria toxin-resistant variant of V79 cells (V79 Dtxr-3) that has lower affinity than wild type cells for diphtheria toxin. Chloroquine, colchicine, cytochalasin B, and ammonium chloride had no effect on Con A-SS-DTA toxicity for Vero cells, although ammonium chloride and chloroquine inhibited diphtheria toxin action. PMID- 7309735 TI - A re-examination of some properties of fatty acyl-CoA micelles. AB - Three separate techniques have been employed to estimate the critical micelle concentration: spin labeling using 6-doxylstearoyl-CoA, gel permeation chromatography, and analytical ultracentrifugation. The first method is a labeling technique. The latter two methods utilize no potentially interfering probe and provide a value for the aggregation number for palmitoyl-CoA. All three methods provide a critical micelle concentration for palmitoyl-CoA no lower than 30 to 60 microM. The latter methods provide an aggregation number near 40 and certainly no larger than 200. These values are inconsistent with the values suggested earlier (Zahler, W. L., Barden, R. E., and Cleland, W. W. (1968) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 164, 1-11). The spin-labeled analogues, 6- and 16 doxylstearoyl-CoA, were shown not to micellize, yet these analogues were good inhibitors for citrate synthase. These observations will require the re examination of a large body of literature in which inhibition of enzymes by fatty acyl-CoA at concentrations below 30 microM was simply ascribed to the formation of micelles. PMID- 7309736 TI - Rat liver ferrochelatase. Purification, properties, and stimulation by fatty acids. AB - Ferrochelatase from rat liver mitochondria was purified 628-fold with a 25% yield to apparent homogeneity. The purification procedure involved solubilization of the enzyme with sodium cholate, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and blue Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 42,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Sepharose 6B gel filtration gave a molecular weight of 240,000. The purified enzyme was analyzed for amino acid composition and shown to have abundant amounts of lysine (11%) and hydrophobic amino acid residues (48%). The enzyme was quite stable in a buffer containing 20% glycerol and 1 mM dithiothreitol. When the enzyme was assayed in the presence of palmitic acid, the specific activity for mesoheme synthesis was approximately 12,000 nmol formed/30 min/mg of protein at 37 degrees C; for protoheme synthesis, a value of 3,500 nmol formed/30 min/mg of protein was obtained. The optimum pH for the reaction was 7.8, and the Km values for the substrates were as follows: protoporphyrin IX, 28.5 microM; mesoporphyrin IX, 26.7 microM; iron with protoporphyrin IX, 33.1 microM; and iron with mesoporphyrin IX, 37.4 microM. Enzyme activity was inhibited by metals such as Co, Zn, Pb, Cu, or Mn and was highly sensitive to sulfhydryl inhibitors. The purified enzyme contained fatty acids, and its activity was markedly stimulated by their addition. Phospholipids slightly stimulated enzyme activity. Short chain carbonic acids and neutral lipids produced no effects. PMID- 7309737 TI - Kinetics of protein synthesis inactivation by diphtheria toxin in toxin-resistant L cells. Evidence for a low efficiency receptor-mediated transport system. AB - In an attempt to gain an understanding of the mechanism by which toxins enter cells, we have analyzed the intoxication of diphtheria toxin in the toxin resistant L cell and compared these results with those previously reported for toxin-sensitive HeLa and KB cells (Uchida, T., Pappenheimer, A. M., Jr., and Harper, A. A. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 3845-3850; Moehring, J. M., and Moehring, T. J. (1976) Infect. Immun. 13, 221-228). The inactivation of protein synthesis in diphtheria toxin-treated L cells is characterized by first order inactivation kinetics and a concentration-dependent lag phase. The log rate of inactivation of protein synthesis when plotted versus toxin concentration yields a complex hyperbola with a saturable component detected in the range of 5 to 10 X 10(-5) M. We conclude that the intoxication of L cells by diphtheria toxin in the range of 10(-8) to 5 X 10(-6) M occurs via a saturable process and that the saturable component probably represents a plasma membrane toxin receptor with an affinity 200-fold lower than that found in sensitive HeLa cells. Since L cells require a 10(4)- to 10(5)-fold higher toxin dose than HeLa cells, a 200-fold affinity difference cannot fully explain the resistance of L cells to diphtheria toxin. In addition, L cells must have either fewer toxin receptors or a deficiency in the transport step(s). Because toxin-exposed L cells in contrast to sensitive cells exhibit different behavior with respect to pH and pH reversal of NH4Cl protection, a deficiency in the transport step is considered the more likely case. PMID- 7309738 TI - Sodium/proton exchange in mouse neuroblastoma cells. AB - The sudden addition of Na+ to mouse neuroblastoma cells suspended in Na+-free medium causes a rapid but transient increase in the rate of H+ release from the cells. Li+ can substitute for Na+, but addition of choline, K+, or Ca2+ has no effect. This process has the following properties: it is distinct from metabolic acid production, it does not require ATP, and it saturates at about 40 mM external Na+; it is independent of membrane potential and can be mimicked by addition of the Na+/H+ ionophore monensin to cells in Na+-containing media. In contrast, a net uptake of protons is observed when Na+-loaded cells are suddenly exposed to Na+-free medium. Na+-induced H+ extrusion is accompanied by a rise in intracellular pH, as inferred from an enhanced net uptake of weak acids and from direct pH measurements on lysed cells. Conversely, Na+ uptake by the cells is stimulated upon lowering the intracellular pH with externally applied acetate. Na+-dependent proton transport, intracellular alkalinization, and acetate stimulated Na+ uptake are completely inhibited by the diuretic amiloride (0.2 mM) and do not occur in digitonin-permeabilized cells. It is concluded that the plasma membrane of neuroblastoma cells contains an electroneutral Na+/H+ exchange system which is involved in the regulation of intracellular pH. PMID- 7309739 TI - Binding of lipoprotein lipase to endothelial cells in culture. AB - Equilibrium-binding data of highly purified avian lipoprotein lipase to cultured bovine endothelial cells demonstrate the presence of a class of high affinity sites. Analysis of the binding function by weighted least squares technique yielded an association constant of K = 0.7 X 10(7) M-1 and a maximum binding capacity of 1.6 micrograms/1.9 X 10(6) cells. Lipoprotein lipase was monitored both by its catalytic activity and a sensitive radioimmunoassay which permitted the accurate measurement of nanogram quantities of enzyme protein. Specific activity of the bound enzyme was similar to that of the initial purified enzyme. Lipoprotein lipase binding to endothelial cells was inhibited 80% by preincubating cells in 0.1% trypsin for 3 min at 37 degrees C, 92% by 0.01% pronase, and 91% by 0.008% proteinase K. Heparin was most efficient in releasing lipoprotein lipase from endothelial cells. Fifty per cent of the enzyme appeared in the medium at a concentration of 3 micrograms/ml of heparin. At the same concentration of heparan sulfate, 20% of the enzyme was released. Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate were not effective in stimulating enzyme release. Preincubating endothelial cells with purified human platelet endoglucuronidase for 1 h at 37 degrees C led to a 90% reduction in lipoprotein lipase binding. Endoglucuronidase was purified 20,000-fold as compared to the initial platelet lysate by a 5-step purification method. The extent of inhibition of binding was shown to be dependent on concentration of endoglucuronidase in the preincubation medium. The specificity of platelet endoglucuronidase and the demonstration that the preparation utilized contained no detectable protease activity is further evidence that lipoprotein lipase is bound to endothelial cell heparan sulfate or heparan sulfate-like molecules. PMID- 7309740 TI - The biosynthesis of oligosaccharide-lipids. Partial purification and characterization of mannosyltransferase II. AB - A mannosyltransferase that catalyzes transfer from GDP-mannose to tetrasaccharide pyrophosphoryl-lipid with the formation of the alpha-1,3-mannosyl-mannose linkage in Man alpha 1-3(Man alpha 1-6)Man beta-GlcNAc beta-GlcNAc-P-P-lipid has ben purified 660-fold from rabbit liver microsomes. The enzyme was completely separated from mannosyltransferases that synthesize alpha-1,2-mannosyl-mannose linkages, but the purified preparation still contained some activity which synthesized alpha-1,6-mannosyl linkages. The enzyme has a requirement for divalent cations and a pH optimum between 6.8 and 7.3, and the purified enzyme was very sensitive to detergent concentration with optimal activity at 0.0225% Nonidet P-40. The extent of purification of the enzyme and its resistance to inhibition by amphomycin strongly suggest that the enzyme catalyzes direct transfer from nucleotide-sugar to the oligosaccharide-lipid acceptor. PMID- 7309741 TI - Oxidation-reduction states of pyridine nucleotide and cytochrome P-450 during mixed-function oxidation in perfused rat liver. AB - The spectral changes of cytochrome P-450 associated with mixed-function oxidation of hexobarbital and aminopyrine were investigated in perfused rat liver, using reflectance spectrophotometry. Simultaneously, the oxidation-reduction state of pyridine nucleotide(s) and oxygen uptake were measured from the same liver. Difference spectra were observed after infusion of hexobarbital or aminopyrine. Spectra obtained from livers of fasted, sodium phenobarbital-treated rats were similar to those of cytochrome P-450 . substrate complex (type I); the spectrum from fed, sodium phenobarbital-treated rats was a mixture of substrate . cytochrome P-450 complex and reduced (an oxygenated) cytochrome P-450. In fed, sodium phenobarbital-treated rats, the steady state level of reduced (an oxygenated) cytochrome P-450 was dependent on the concentration and the kind of substrates added, and the level correlated well with mixed-function oxidase activity. In the absence of exogenous substrates, the degree of the formation of reduced (an oxygenated) cytochrome P-450 was small. These results indicate that mixed-function oxidase activity in the intact cell is regulated by substrate binding to cytochrome P-450. In fasted, sodium phenobarbital-treated rats, a substantial oxidation of pyridine nucleotide was observed in the presence of hexobarbital. The increase of oxygen uptake was a 2- to 2.5-fold smaller rate than in livers from fed, sodium phenobarbital-treated rats. Infusion of sorbitol (2 mM), a glycogenic substrate in fasted rats, stimulated oxygen uptake about 3 fold. Furthermore, reduced (an oxygenated) cytochrome P-450 increased in the presence of sorbitol. These results indicate that the rate of NADPH supply is rate-limiting for mixed-function oxidation in livers of fasted, sodium phenobarbital-treated rats. Finally, the difference spectrum of cytochrome P-450, the surface fluorescence of pyridine nucleotide, and the oxygen uptake were compared using livers from untreated, alloxan-treated and sodium phenobarbital treated rats. PMID- 7309742 TI - Steady state and kinetic analysis of the binding of asialoorosomucoid to the isolated rabbit hepatic lectin. AB - The binding of 125I-asialoorosomucoid and the isolated rabbit hepatic lectin were studied at 0 degrees C. The steady state binding data were analyzed both by a direct curve-fitting procedure that utilizes nonlinear least squares regression analysis, and by conventional Scatchard plot analysis. Two classes of binding sites, present in approximately equal concentrations, were detected by both analytical procedures. The total amount of 125I-asialoorosomucoid bound was between 0.2 and 1.0 mol/mol of lectin for each class of lectin binding sites, if the molecular weight of the lectin is between 100,000 and 500,000. The estimated apparent equilibrium dissociation constants were Kapp = 0.87 nM and 1100 nM using the direct curve-fitting method and 0.63 nM and 43 nM from Scatchard plot analysis. Analysis of the forward binding reaction yielded apparent rate constants k1 = 6.8 X 10(6) M-1 and k-1 = 1.5 X 10(-2) min-1, and, therefore, Kapp = 2.1 nM. (Kapp is the apparent dissociation constant of the complex between asialoorosomucoid and hepatic lectin, K1 is the bimolecular rate constant for association of asialoorosomucoid and hepatic lectin, and K-1 is the rate constant for dissociation of the asialoorosomucoid-hepatic lectin complex.) In contrast, the reverse reaction was too slow in the presence of excess unlabeled asialoorosomucoid, and too fast in the presence of methyl beta-D galactopyranoside to be accommodated by the simple bimolecular reaction model. PMID- 7309743 TI - Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of oxidative phosphorylation by inverted inner membrane vesicles of rat liver mitochondria. AB - The relationship of the phosphate potential (delta GP) to the free energy released by the oxidation of NADH (redox potential or delta GR) was studied in suspensions of inverted inner membrane vesicles prepared from rat liver mitochondria. At delta GR values less negative than -52.2 kcal/mol, delta GP was a linear function of delta GR during oxidative phosphorylation at static head. At more negative delta GR, delta GP no longer increased but remained, more or less, at a constant value. At all values of delta GR, delta GP increased as Pi decreased. At high Pi, ATP/ADP was relatively independent of Pi, but at low Pi there was a strong interdependence of ATP/ADP and Pi. The experimental data were analyzed in terms of the theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The degree of coupling, q, averaged 0.8 as estimated from the dependence of respiratory rate on delta GP. From measurements of -delta GR/delta GP at static head and from the estimates of q, an average value of four was calculated for Z, the phenomenological stoichiometry. The results support a 4-proton model of chemiosmotic coupling in which proton stoichiometries are 4H+/site, 3H+/ATPase, and 1H+/translocation of ATP for ADP and Pi. The results further indicate that the site by site reactions of oxidative phosphorylation operate close to thermodynamic equilibrium. This implies that ATP/site ratios are proportional to the redox potentials across each site at static head. Based on the oxidation reduction potentials of NADH, ubiquinone, and cytochrome c, it follows that the ideal ATP/site ratios of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are 1, 1/2, and 1 1/2, respectively, for sites 1, 2, and 3. PMID- 7309744 TI - Intermembrane transfer of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol. Facilitation by supernatant protein (SCP). AB - The dehydrogenation of 5 alpha-cholest-7-en-3 beta-ol (lathosterol) to cholest 5,7-dien-3 beta-ol (7-dehydrocholesterol) was studied in rat liver microsomes with [3H]lathosterol as substrate. Microsomal delta 5-dehydrogenase activity was stimulated by purified "squalene and sterol carrier protein" (SCP) (Dempsey, M. E., McCoy, K. E., Barker, H. N., Vafiadou, A. D., Lorsbach, T., and Haward, J. B. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1867-1873). When the integrity of microsomal membranes was perturbed by treatment with detergents such as 0.2% Triton X-100 or 0.05% sodium deoxycholate or by phospholipase A2, the stimulatory effect of SCP was abolished, indicating that an intact membrane system is required for the response to SCP. Dehydrogenase solubilized with 2% Triton X-100 was not stimulated by SCP. Lathosterol was effectively incorporated into microsomes in the presence or absence of SCP. The effect of SCP on the enzymatic dehydrogenation of lathosterol previously incorporated into microsomes was significantly greater than on the conversion of exogenous substrate. Kinetically, the effect of SCP was not on initial velocity except to maintain it for much longer periods of time. Tryptic digestion of previously lathosterol-loaded microsomes inactivated the delta 5 dehydrogenase. When such trypsin-treated microsomes containing [3H]lathosterol (donor microsomes) were incubated with normal, enzymatically active microsomes (acceptor microsomes), formation of 7-dehydrocholesterol could not be detected. However, if SCP was included in this assay system, dehydrogenation occurred rapidly, suggesting SCP-mediated intermembrane translocation of lathosterol. When the membranes of acceptor microsomes were damaged by detergent or phospholipase A2, the SCP effect disappeared. SCP-mediated lathosterol transfer was shown more directly by sucrose density gradient centrifugation to separate trypsinized and normal microsomes. These findings show that cytoplasmic proteins promote not only intermembrane transfer of squalene (Friedlander, E. J., Caras, T. W., Liu, L.-F. H., and Bloch, K. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8042-8045) but also of later intermediates in cholesterol biosynthesis. PMID- 7309745 TI - Rat liver phosphorylase kinase. Stimulation by heparin. AB - Rat liver phosphorylase kinase activity was increased up to 7-fold by low concentrations of heparin, but other glycosaminoglycans were relatively ineffective. A half-maximal effect was seen with 0.5 units of heparin/ml, corresponding to 150 nM. The stimulation was rapid, i.e. occurring within 15 s, and was prevented or reversed by addition of the heparin-binding protein antithrombin III. The action of heparin was also sharply reduced by prior activation of the enzyme by MgATP. In the absence of heparin, the time course of the phosphorylase kinase reaction was concave upward, whereas in the presence of heparin, a constant rate was seen. The stimulatory effect of heparin was inversely proportional to the concentration of phosphorylase b. The data suggest that heparin reversibly stimulates a low activity form of liver phosphorylase kinase to a degree similar to that found with activation by phosphorylation. PMID- 7309746 TI - Isolation and characterization of a calcium-sensitive alpha-actinin-like protein from human platelet cytoskeletons. AB - Platelet cytoskeletons were isolated by extracting these highly contractile cells with a solution containing 1% Triton X-100 and 10 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid as recently described (Rosenberg, S., Stracher, A., and Lucas, R. C. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 91, 201-211). The Triton insoluble cytoskeleton consists mostly of actin, a high molecular weight actin binding protein and a previously unidentified protein with an apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of 105,000 (+/- 5,000). We describe the purification of this 105,000-dalton protein from the platelet cytoskeleton using ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion exchange chromatography. This 105,000 dalton protein was found to cross-react with antibodies to beef cardiac alpha actinin. One-dimensional partial proteolysis maps showed similarity to, but not identity with, the major peptides of the platelet 105,000-dalton protein and skeletal muscle alpha-actinin. The platelet 105,000-dalton cytoskeletal protein binds to and causes the sedimentation of skeletal muscle F-actin under comparatively low centrifugal force. This process, however, is inhibited by calcium ions, unlike the binding of any of the muscle alpha-actinins described to date. Thus, it is likely that the 105,000-dalton protein is the platelet form of alpha-actinin, its different structure accounting for its different actin-binding behavior. PMID- 7309747 TI - Physical characterization of lymph chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins from nonhuman primates fed saturated dietary fat. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction studies were performed on chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), from nonhuman primates fed saturated fat, isolated from lymph at two different temperatures (15 and 39 degrees C). When heated from -10 leads to 60 degrees C, chylomicrons and VLDL isolated at 15 degrees C had two endothermic transitions resulting from the melting of triglycerides (TG). Cooling resulted in the onset of crystallization of the TG core at 16-19 degrees C; 50% of the TG in the particles remained fluid at 4 degrees C. The initial DSC pattern was reproduced not on immediate reheating, but by storing samples at 4 degrees C overnight. Chylomicrons isolated at 39 degrees C contained a metastable (undercooled) TG core until cooled to the onset of TG crystallization at 16-19 degrees C. Reheating the particles with crystalline TG to body temperature (39 degrees C) resulted in a partially crystalline TG core, not an undercooled liquid. To ascertain the effect of particle structure on the TG physical properties, intact particles were compared with heat denatured particles and extracted lipids. The onset of crystallization was lower and the time necessary for isothermal crystallization was much greater for intact versus denatured particles or lipids. Only minor differences in physical properties as a function of particle size were found. It was concluded that: 1) the physical state of chylomicrons and VLDL TG core can be modified by isolation temperature; 2) particle structure affects crystallization but not melting of chylomicrons and VLDL TG; and 3) chylomicrons particle size does not markedly influence the physical properties of the TG core. PMID- 7309748 TI - Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine by at least two methyltransferases in rat pituitary extracts. AB - Rat pituitary extracts contain at least two methyltransferases that methylate phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. The first enzyme methylates phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and has a high Km (40-42 microM) for S adenosylmethionine, whereas the second enzyme(s) catalyzes two successive methylations of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine to phosphatidyl-N,N dimethylethanolamine and then to phosphatidylcholine and has a low Km (6.7 microM) for S-adenyl-L-methionine. The first enzyme is loosely bound to the membrane fraction; therefore it appears in both particulate (20,000 X g) and supernatant (20,000 X g) fractions, whereas the second enzyme(s) is tightly bound to the membrane and thus appears only in the particulate fraction. Both methyltransferases have two pH optima of 6.5 and 9.5 (9.5 activity greater than 6.5 activity) and they do not require Mg2+. PMID- 7309749 TI - Effects of maleate on the content of CoA and its derivatives in rat kidney mitochondria. AB - Effects of maleate on the content of CoA derivatives in isolated mitochondria and in the tissues of maleate-intoxicated rats have been studied. The addition of maleate to kidney mitochondria incubated with 2-oxo-glutarate decreased CoA-SH and acid-soluble acyl-CoA concentrations while acid insoluble acyl-CoA content remained unchanged. As a result, a substantial loss (depletion) of the total CoA occurred. Similar changes in CoA content were found in vivo in the kidneys of maleate-treated rats. Neither in the isolated liver mitochondria nor in the liver of intoxicated animals have such changes been observed before. Acetoacetate, the substrate for CoA transferase, added to kidney mitochondria before maleate, abolished its inhibitory effect on oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate and prevented the decrease of CoA content. The data are in accord with the previous findings indicating that maleate can bind and sequester CoA in the form of a stable and metabolically inert compound. PMID- 7309751 TI - Assay of oxysterol-binding protein in a mouse fibroblast, cell-free system. Dissociation constant and other properties of the system. AB - Procedures for determining a 7.5 S oxysterol-binding protein in the cytosol fraction of cultured mouse fibroblasts were developed. The methods involved precipitation of cytosolic proteins between 0.3 and 0.4 saturation with (NH4)2SO4, incubation of the proteins with 25-hydroxy[3H]cholesterol at 0 degrees C and analysis by velocity sedimentation of 7.5 S radioactivity or of specific binding using dextran-charcoal to adsorb free sterol. By these means it was shown that binding of the ligand to the protein in a citric acid-phosphate buffer was optimal at pH 5.5 and that the sedimentation rate of the complex was greater at pH 7.4 (7.5 S) than at pH 5.5 (6.9 S). The binding protein was essentially saturated at a diol concentration of about 20 X 10(-9) M. The apparent Kd of the sterol-protein complex was approximately 3.9 X 10(-9) M. Cholesterol did not bind to 25-hydroxycholesterol-binding sites on the 7.5 S protein, whereas several oxysterols that are potent suppressors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase also inhibited the binding of 25-hydroxycholesterol. One of these sterols, 5 alpha-cholest-8(14)-en-3 beta-ol-15-one was shown to compete for sites occupied by 25-hydroxycholesterol. PMID- 7309750 TI - The phosphorylation of beta-glucuronidase oligosaccharides in mouse P388D1 cells. AB - High mannose-type oligosaccharides of acid hydrolases are phosphorylated by the transfer of N-acetyl-glucosamine 1-phosphate to the 6 position of mannose. This is followed by removal of the covering N-acetyl-glucosamine residue to expose a phosphomonoester. We have examined the kinetics of this phosphorylation pathway in the murine macrophage line P388D1. Cells were labeled with [2-3H]mannose for 15-20 min and then chased with unlabeled mannose for various times up to 5 h. The lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase was immunoprecipitated and its oligosaccharide units examined for extent of phosphorylation and uncovering. The first phosphorylated oligosaccharides were detected after 20 min of labeling. Most of the phosphorylation occurred during the first 40 min of the chase period, and a maximum of 30% of the oligosaccharide units were eventually phosphorylated. Oligosaccharides with one and two phosphodiesters were found. The earliest detectable phosphorylated species were devoid of the glucose residues known to be present on the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor. Uncovering of the phosphodiesters began shortly after the oligosaccharides were phosphorylated and occurred concomitantly with the removal of outer mannose residues. Taken together, these data demonstrate that phosphorylation of lysosomal enzyme oligosaccharides is a post-translational event. Proteolytic fragmentation of [3H]mannose-labeled beta-glucuronidase and partial digestion of [3H]leucine labeled beta-glucuronidase with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H suggest that there are 3 glycosylation sites per subunit. Each glycosylation site is partially phosphorylated. A portion of the high mannose oligosaccharides at one site are processed to complex-type units. PMID- 7309752 TI - Effects of phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, dexamethasone, and formamidoxime on the turnover of inducible microsomal proteins in cultured hepatocytes. AB - Microsomal proteins from cultured chick embryo hepatocytes were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their rate constants of degradation (Kd) were estimated using double isotope techniques. The proteins were found to be heterogeneous in their turnover rates, proteins, or subunits, with higher molecular weights being more rapidly degraded than those with lower molecular weights. The Kd values of three selected microsomal proteins with Mr 52,000, 54,000, and 56,000 presumed to represent cytochrome P-450 apoproteins were found unaltered following treatment of cultured hepatocytes with inducers of cytochrome P-450 such as phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone. Based on their Kd values, the half-lives of these inducible microsomal proteins were estimated to be 10.4, 9.6, and 11.3 h. The response to phenobarbital was markedly modified when cells were either pretreated with dexamethasone or formamidoxime, agents inhibiting replicative DNA synthesis. Under these conditions, the phenobarbital-mediated de novo synthesis of several microsomal proteins was enhanced. Our turnover data may offer an explanation for the rapid changes in cytochrome P-450 concentration and function following drug exposure of cultured chick embryo hepatocytes. PMID- 7309753 TI - A gelatin-binding 70,000-dalton glycoprotein synthesized distinctly from fibronectin by normal and malignant adherent cells. PMID- 7309754 TI - Spicule formation by cultured embryonic cells from the sea urchin. PMID- 7309755 TI - Testosterone effects on the induction and urinary excretion of mouse kidney glycosphingolipids associated with lysosomes. AB - Male C57BL/6J mice were shown to excrete in their urine approximately 50 times as much glycolipid as do female mice. These lipids were primarily galabiglycosylceramides and globotriglycosylceramides which contained nonhydroxy and hydroxy fatty acids, sphingosine, and phytosphingosine as components of their ceramide moieties. The lipids were shown to be associated with multilamellar bodies. Neutral glycosphingolipids from kidney and urine were separated and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Male kidneys were shown to contain about twice as much neutral glycosphingolipid as female kidneys. The female kidneys were virtually devoid of galactosylceramides and galabiglycosylceramides. Implantation of testosterone pellets in female mice resulted in a concomitant increase in urinary glycosphingolipids (greater than 100-fold) and in urinary lysosomal enzymes (about 10-fold). In mutant light ear mice, which are defective in excretion of lysosomal enzymes, the urinary excretion of glycolipids is also blocked. Taken together these data suggest that testosterone induces the formation of multilamellar kidney lysosomes which contain a complement of glycosphingolipids and which are normally excreted in the urine. PMID- 7309756 TI - Cross-linking of hemoglobin to the cytoplasmic surface of human erythrocyte membranes. Identification of band 3 as a site for hemoglobin binding in Cu2+-o phenanthroline catalyzed cross-linking. AB - The addition of hemoglobin to isolated membrane ghosts of human erythrocytes followed by catalytic oxidation with Cu2+-o-phenanthroline results in the covalent attachment of hemoglobin to the membrane. A decrease in the mobility of Band 3 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to an increase in molecular weight of approximately 16,000 suggests that Band 3 is a site for the covalent attachment of hemoglobin to the membrane under these conditions. This conclusion was confirmed using two-dimensional gels in which the covalent linkage was cleaved with 2-mercaptoethanol in the second dimension. 14C labeled hemoglobin was used to show that the new band was composed of one globin monomer per Band 3 monomer. Additionally, it was demonstrated that only the beta chain of hemoglobin is covalently bound to the Band 3 protein. PMID- 7309757 TI - The isolation of a hexaheme cytochrome from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and its identification as a new type of nitrite reductase. AB - Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (ATCC 27774), a strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria, is able to perform anaerobic nitrate respiration in which nitrate is first reduced to nitrite by the action of nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase then catalyzes the six-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia. The nitrite reductase was found to be a membrane-bound enzyme and has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purified enzyme has a minimal Mr = 66,000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and contains 6 c-type heme groups/molecule. Pure nitrite reductase exhibits a typical c-type cytochrome absorption spectrum with reduced alpha-band at 552.5 nm. NADH and NADPH do not function as direct electron donors for the nitrite reductase. Desulfovibrio vulgaris hydrogenase, however, is able to transfer electrons from H2 to the nitrite reductase using FAD as the electron transfer mediator. The dithionite reduced nitrite reductase was demonstrated to be auto-oxidizable even in the presence of potassium cyanide. On addition of nitrite, the dithionite-reduced enzyme is re-oxidized immediately. Hydroxylamine, however, can only partially re oxidize the reduced enzyme. Ascorbate reduces the enzyme to a limited extent and the partially reduced enzyme is neither auto-oxidizable nor re-oxidizable by nitrite or hydroxylamine. Purified nitrite reductase has a pH optimum in the range of 8.0-9.5 and optimal activity at 57 degrees C. Purified nitrite reductase also has hydroxylamine reductase activity, and the Km for nitrite was determined to be 1.14 mM and that for hydroxylamine is 113.5 mM. The difference in Km values seems to exclude the possibility of hydroxylamine being a free intermediate in the reduction of nitrite. PMID- 7309758 TI - A lymphocyte ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease. Isolation and properties. AB - An ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease was isolated from lymphocyte nuclei. The enzyme preparation sediments with about 4 S through sucrose gradients and shows one stainable band after sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. We find three, possibly four, activities associated with the enzyme: a DNA-independent ATPase activity; an ATP-independent endonuclease; an ATP-dependent nuclease which degrades nicked DNA to acid-soluble material; and an unwinding activity producing single-stranded regions in nicked DNA. PMID- 7309759 TI - Monoclonal antibodies directed against the human Leb blood group antigen. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas obtained from a mouse immunized with a human adenocarcinoma cell line SW1116 (Koprowski, H., Steplewski, Z., Mitchell, K., Herlyn, M., Herlyn, D., and Fuhrer, P. (1979) Somatic Cell Genet. 5, 957-972) are directed against the Leb antigen of the human Lewis blood group system. Their specificities were established by binding studies using purified Leb-active ceramide hexasaccharide and by hapten inhibition studies involving oligosaccharides obtained from human milk. PMID- 7309760 TI - NH2-terminal processing of Dictyostelium discoideum actin in vitro. PMID- 7309761 TI - Extracellular, surface, and intracellular proteoglycans produced by human embryo lung fibroblasts in culture (IMR-90). PMID- 7309762 TI - Determination of partition coefficients of acrylates, methacrylates, and vinyl monomers using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB - Retention times (Rt) for acrylates, methacrylates, and vinyl monomers were measured with two different columns (C18 Corasil and C8 LiChrosorb) using reverse phase HPLC in order to obtain their partition coefficients between 1-octanol and water (log P). The log P values of test compounds were determined from the regression curves between RT and log P values of a number of standards using C8 LiChrosorb. The log P values obtained in this manner agreed closely with the log P values observed in previous studies. However, the peaks of these compounds were not sharp and some compounds were eluted for more than 10 min. Thus, the measurement of accurate Rt values is tedious. C18 Corasil was therefore used for this experiment in a mobile phase (methanol : water = 85 : 15). The Rt of some methacrylates with P values over 4 were delayed due to the hydrophobic interaction between these compounds and the C18 packing material. However, in the measurable region of the log P values (about -1 to +4), log P correlated linearly with log Rt following two different regression curves: one for aliphatic and aromatic compounds with the functional groups (r = 0.92), and the other for compounds without these groups (r = 0.99). It is concluded that log P values of methacrylates widely used in dentistry can be determined easily and accurately by HPLC. PMID- 7309763 TI - Toxicology and biocompatibility of bioglasses. AB - Evidence for the lack of toxicity of various bioglass formulations has been deduced from studies carried out, both in vivo and in vitro, in several different centers. Recent studies of the authors, described here, include testing of solid bioglass implants in the soft tissues of rats and rabbits for time periods of up to eight weeks. Two new techniques are described for the toxicological testing of particulate biomaterials. These tests, which involve rat peritoneal macrophages in culture and a mouse pulmonary biomaterial embolus model, indicate the biocompatibility of bioglass powders. Thus, the surface activity so critical in bone adhesion is without toxic effect in non-osseous tissues in contact with solid bioglass implants. Should wear occur and produce particulate bioglass, the material should be eliminated without consequence. PMID- 7309764 TI - Effect of age on the creep of a high-copper amalgam. AB - A previous study of the effect of final Hg content on the static creep of a single-composition high-Cu amalgam alloy showed a sudden increase or jump in creep at a specific Hg content, and the presence of the Sn-Hg phase (gamma 2) at final Hg contents subsequent to this creep jump. This observation is consistent with the less-than-optimum clinical performance reported for this alloy. A repetition of these tests conducted on test specimens 3 months and 6 months of age showed the creep jump to shift to higher Hg contents. However, even at 6 months of age, the final Hg content to be expected in clinical restorations was still positioned after the initiation of the creep jump where a small amount of gamma 2 is known to be present. PMID- 7309765 TI - Work hardening and forming behavior of cast dental alloys. AB - The work hardening characteristics several casting alloys were determined from true stress-true strain data. A regression technique was used to fit the data to linear or nonlinear mathematical expressions. Manipulation of the expressions made it possible to calculate the work necessary to deform the alloys. Several nonprecious alloys proved to be as easy to cold form as a conventional, high gold containing alloy. PMID- 7309766 TI - Organic surface film contamination of Vitallium implants. AB - Conventional finishing and polishing techniques used to prepare Vitallium subperiosteal dental implant castings were found to produce low energy surfaces as measured by critical surface tension. Standard metallographic preparation gave slightly higher values. Glow discharge cleaning of both types of polished surface gave much higher critical surface tension values. This suggests the presence of an organic film after surface polishing of the implant which may later affect tissue reaction, in particular attachment, as has been noticed in related animal studies. PMID- 7309767 TI - A study of bone remodeling using metal-polymer laminates. AB - Bone remodeling due to stress-shielding has been studied using a model system consisting of metal-polymer laminated fixation plates securely fixed to canine femurs. The plate stiffness was controlled by varying the ratio of metal facing to polymer core thickness in the laminate design while secure fixation to bone was achieved by providing a porous bone interfacing surface for the ingrowth of bone from the periosteal surface. Observations of laterally and medially placed plates indicated resorption in the area of the periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces respectively, for the higher stiffness composite plates used. The results indicate that plate stiffness greater than approximately 70 GPa (axial) and 6 N m2 (flexural) will result in extensive bone remodeling in the canine femur after a six month implantation period. PMID- 7309768 TI - Crevice and fretting corrosion of stainless-steel plates and screws. AB - Mechanisms of corrosion at the areas of contact between screw heads and plate holes were investigated using electrochemical potential recording techniques. Static crevice corrosion was studied with plates and screws in isotonic and hypertonic saline solutions (0.9 to 7.2% NaCl). Fretting corrosion was studied in vitro with plates screwed to tubular bone analogs which were subjected ty cyclic axial loads, and was studied in vivo with plates screwed on the tibia of sheep. Static tests showed that crevice corrosion does not occur in isotonic saline for periods up to one year, but can occur in hypertonic saline solutions. Dynamic loading tests demonstrated immediate potential changes which were related to the magnitude of the applied load, indicating fretting corrosion due to motion between screw head and plate, both in vitro and in vivo. A mechanism for screw plate relative motion is proposed. It is hypothesized that corrosion seen in clinically retrieved implants is due to fretting corrosion which predisposes the contact area to crevice corrosion attack. PMID- 7309769 TI - The influence of implant elastic modulus on the stress distribution around LTI carbon and aluminum oxide dental implants. AB - A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) has been used to determine the effect of implant elastic modulus on stresses in tissues around LTI carbon and aluminum oxide dental implants. The finite element model was constructed to represent a baboon mandible containing a blade type dental implant. A three unit fixed bridge was modeled connecting the dental implant to a natural molar. The results of the study indicate that stress levels of approximately a factor of 3 lower in the crestal region can be expected for aluminum oxide implants when compared to the LTI carbon implants. It was also observed that the use of LTI carbon and aluminum oxide dental implants as an abutment in a fixed bridge results in a reduction of stresses in tissues around the natural tooth when compared to normal physiological stress levels. PMID- 7309770 TI - The role of the fibrous capsule in the function of implanted drug-polymer sustained release systems. AB - Numerous studies have been carried out on drug-polymer sustained release systems designed for implantation. The majority of these efforts have been directed toward determining the in-vitro rate of drug release from specific systems or drug polymer combinations and the in-vivo studies have attempted to utilize analysis of the blood serum and excretory products as a measure of the release rate and behavior. To gain a better understanding of the influence of the local tissue environment and implant site on release behavior, we have investigated the release behavior of a gentamicin-silicone rubber system implanted in canines. Particular attention has been directed toward investigating the role that the fibrous capsule which eventually surrounds the implant plays in determining the rate and pattern of drug release. The drug burst effect was decreased by the use of a drug-free silicone rubber membrane on the gentamicin-silicone rod implant. Analysis for gentamicin in the tissue adjacent to the implant for periods up to four weeks indicated that the release rate was retarded by the development of the fibrous capsule. The temporal and spatial variations in gentamicin levels in the tissue surrounding the rod implants were determined. In addition, the influence of implant coating and gentamicin loading level in the implant on local tissue concentrations with time were also investigated. These studies provide evidence that the fibrous capsule surrounding a drug-polymer sustained release implant may influence the release behavior of the drug in an advantageous or disadvantageous manner depending upon the desired function of the sustained release system. PMID- 7309771 TI - SEM ultrastructure studies of N-acyl- and N-benzylidene-chitosan and chitosan membranes. AB - Fine ultrastructures of the cross sections of membranes, which are derived from chitosan and utilizable as artificial kidney, are examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of unique ultrastructure of the membrane cross sections are present: N-acylchitosan membranes [N-acetyl (1), N-propionyl (2), N butyryl (3), N-pentanoyl (4), N-hexanoyl (5), N-octanoyl (6), and N-benzoyl (7)], N-benzylidenechitosan membranes (8) and chitosan membranes (9). The vertical cross sections of membranes 1-7 consist of orderly arranged layers that are formed by an assembly of particle units of fibrils. Neither fibrils nor layers are present and a smooth surface is characteristic of the cross sections of (8). On the other hand, the particle units of fibrils are absent and a nappy rough surface is characteristic of the cross sections of (9). N-Acetylation of (9) affords the article units of fibrils that are disorderly oriented. Low- and middle-molecular compounds (MW less than 2000) pass through small pores among these fibrils present in orderly arranged layers of the membranes. Properties of these N-acyl-chitosan membranes well meet the requirements of artificial kidney membranes. PMID- 7309772 TI - A quantitative microassay for in-vitro toxicity testing of biomaterials. AB - A quantitative tissue culture method is described for toxicity testing of biomaterials. The material to be evaluated, or in the case of insoluble materials -an extract of the material, is incubated on a monolayer of fibroblasts in 24 well culture plates. The activity of the fibroblasts is ascertained by measuring the rate of mitosis (3H-thymidine incorporation), the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (35SO4= incorporation) or production of total protein (3H tryptophan incorporation). By proper choice of label, the effect of the biomaterial on cellular proliferation or production of macromolecules or both may be assessed. Materials with a cytotoxic effect cause inhibition of incorporation of radioactive label in the above assays. The cell monolayers can also be inspected microscopically for evidence of cytotoxicity. The method is quantitative, simple, reproducible, rapid, and suitable for screening of a large number of samples. PMID- 7309773 TI - Surface roughness and edge geometries in hemolysis with rotating disk flow. AB - Judging biocompatibility of materials with blood includes assessment of hemolysis resulting from flow in contact with those materials. Such hemolysis is influenced in part by the surface roughness and specific hydrodynamic features of the device used. Using a rotating-disk device, with polyethylene disks and human blood, it was shown that roughness under 4 microns has negligible effect and that hemolysis increases sharply for roughness above about 11 microns. Gross roughness (65 microns) causes qualitatively different hemolysis kinetics but not as severe hemolysis as extrapolated from low-roughness data. In the disk geometry, the corner is a key region which generates high hemolysis and thus minor alterations cause hemolytic variations which may tend to obscure materials influences. A series of corner-beveled polycarbonate disks were tested in comparison with the normal square corner and were found always to cause greater hemolysis. Tapering the bevel inward, so the taper angle was on the order of 2 degrees-4 degrees, reduced hemolysis relative to the 45 degree bevel but still was more hemolytic than the flat disk. Evidence suggests that glassy plastics can be machined with more reproducibility at the corners than plastics above their Tg such as polyethylene. General device design problems regarding hemolysis are discussed. PMID- 7309774 TI - Fibromyxoma of the femoral neck. AB - A case of fibromyxoma of the long bone is presented. This benign bone tumor is more often found in the bones of the jaw, but is a rare lesion in extragnathic bones. IN the presented case of a 28-year-old man the tumor was situated in the right femoral neck. In the roentgenograms it showed a cast-like osteolytic defect with unclear marginal sclerosis and patchy densities within the lesion. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a proliferating hypocellular myxomatous tissue with some focal calcification and fibrous areas. No chondroid pattern was present and there was no clear lobulation. Differential diagnostic considerations include ganglia of bone, chondromyxoid fibroma, chondrosarcoma and fibrosarcoma, all of which may contain prominently myxoid zones. PMID- 7309775 TI - Chordoma with a predominant retrosacral tumor mass. AB - Chordomas are malignant tumors with lobulated structure which usually consists of vacuolated physaliferous cells in a mucoid stroma (Enzinger et al. 1969). These cells originate from remnants of the chorda dorsalis. Most chordomas are located either at the end of the vertebral column, i.e., in the sacrococcygeal region or at the base of the skull near the sphenooccipital synchondrosis. More than half of all tumors are located in the sacrococcygeal region. In contrast to most cases of sacrococcygeal chordomas which show a predominant presacral tumor infiltration we report on a patient suffering from a sacrococcygeal chordoma with a retrosacral tumor mass. Here, the presacral tumor infiltration became apparent only much latter. It was nevertheless of great prognostic relevance as tumor infiltration of the urinary bladder lead to lethal septicaemia. PMID- 7309776 TI - Pindborg tumor. AB - Clinical and histopathologic features of the Pindborg tumor are described. The diagnosis is based on the histological examination revealing areas of polyhedral neoplastic cells, amyloid, and calcified deposits. Since calcifications were missing in the present case, it is considered to be a variant of the Pindborg tumor. Although the features of the hyaline deposits did not fulfill all the morphological criteria of amyloid in other cases, there was difference in the course of the disease. The tumor may recur after excision. Metastases, however, have not been described. PMID- 7309777 TI - The Mafucci-Kast Syndrome. Dyschondroplasia with hemangiomas and frontal lobe astrocytoma. AB - The authors describe radiologic and pathoanatomic findings in the very rare Mafucci-Kast syndrome. In a 39-year-old Libyan patient multiple enchondromas of the fifth ray of the left hand were found with signs of malignant transformation. Furthermore, there were angiomas of the skin, of the soft meninges, and the bone. In addition, there was a low-grade malignant astrocytoma of the frontal lobe of the brain. Chromosome analysis revealed a normal male chromosome set. The tendency to develop malignant tumors which is repeatedly emphasized in the literature was also shown in the present case. The reason for this, especially for the high spontaneous rate of malignant transformation of multiple enchondromas, is unknown. The occurrence of angiomas and multiple enchondromas in cartilaginous performed bone suggests the presence of mesodermodysplasia. PMID- 7309778 TI - CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): its role as a marker in the management of cancer. AB - A consensus Development Conference was held at the National Institutes of Health from September 29-October 1, 1980, to address issues concerning the role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a marker in the management of cancer. The panel met following formal presentations and discussions to assess the issues based on the evidence presented. These issues included: Should CEA be used in cancer screening? Is CEA helpful in cancer diagnosis? What does CEA tell about the extent and outcome of cancer? Is CEA helpful in monitoring cancer treatment? This paper constitutes the panel's findings. PMID- 7309779 TI - Morphology of neoplastic lesions in the clitoral and prepucial gland of the F334 rat. AB - Three hundred fifty-nine neoplasms of the prepucial and clitoral glands of F344 rats were reviewed to classify the different types of tumors in relation to the normal anatomy and histology of the glands. Most tumors originated from the acinar of ductal cells, while only one tumor could be found originating from the mesenchymal tissue. They were classified as adenomas, adenocarcinomas, papillomas, squamous cell or basal cell carcinomas, and mixed cell carcinomas with different structural formations. Only one tumor metastasized to the lung. PMID- 7309780 TI - Anticoagulants and experimental metastases-evaluation of antimetastatic effects in different model systems. AB - Intravenous tumor cell injection and spontaneously metastasising transplantable tumors have been used as models for haematogenous tumor spread. To evaluate the validity of these two experimental approaches for the study of blood coagulability and metastases, the effect of anticoagulants on "secondary" tumor growth was investigated in both models and the results were compared. The B16 melanoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL mice were employed throughout the study, and anticoagulation was rendered through the use of phenprocoumon, heparin and ancrod. All anticoagulants were capable of reducing lung colonies after i.v. tumor cell injection, whereas only phenprocoumon significantly diminished the formation of spontaneous metastases. A review of the current literature on anticoagulants and tumor dissemination and the observations described lead to the following conclusions: (1) Results from studies with i.v. introduced tumor cells cannot be extrapolated to spontaneously metastasising tumors. (2) Spontaneously metastasising tumors represent the preferable model for the study of antimetastatic effects of anticoagulants. (3) Little evidence exists to support the concept of the pathogenetic role of fibrin formation in the establishment of spontaneous metastases from blood-borne tumor cells. (4) Coumarin derivatives are potent antimetastatic drugs, their mode of action appears to be independent of their anticoagulant activity. PMID- 7309783 TI - Sensitivity determination of cancer screening programmes with the aid of "interval cases". AB - The determination of "interval cases" bears great significance in the estimation of the diagnostic sensitivity of a cancer screening programme and the setting of an appropriate periodicity of the screening terms. The concept can only be applied purposefully with regard to tumor kinetics and its relationships to the probability of tumor detection through the examination methods applied. The methodical considerations presented also result in a criticism of the "length biased sampling" which has constantly been pointed out in the screening theory in recent years. PMID- 7309782 TI - Alkyl-lysophospholipids inhibit the growth of hypernephroid carcinomas in vitro. AB - Synthetic alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALPs) inhibit the proliferation of human hypernephromas in vitro. Cells of ten different tumors were incubated with 4 ALPs for periods of more than 24h. Eight of ten cell lines showed proliferation rates below 1% of the controls after cultivation. One microgram of ALPs per 10(6) tumor cells was effective, in some experiments a dose response relation was found for even lower concentrations. Equivalent concentrations of cytostatic drugs did not show reproducible higher antitumor effects in vitro. In two of the tested cell lines ALPs did not show any reproducible tumor growth inhibition, whereas at least some of the cytostatic drugs revealed slight cytostatis. PMID- 7309781 TI - Antitumor activity of new nitrosoureas on Yoshida sarcoma ascites cells implanted into the colon wall of rats. AB - The chemotherapeutic activity of 12 newly synthesized nitrosoureas was compared in tests using Yoshida sarcoma ascites cells implanted into the wall of the descending colon in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cyclophosphamide and the nitrosoureas BCNU, MeCCNU, and chlorozotocin served as positive controls. Among the nitrosoureas tested, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (hydroxyethyl-CNU), chlorozotocin, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(4-morpholino) urea, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(1-piperidino) urea, 4-[1-(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitroso-3-[4-(2,6-dimethylmorpholino)] urea, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3 (3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl) urea were found to be the most active compounds in this tumor model. Based on the present results, morpholino-CNU is considered the most promising compound among these newly synthesized BCNU analogues. PMID- 7309784 TI - [Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene and 3-methylcholanthrene plus piracetam on the gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) content of several cerebral regions (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic application of Piracetam decreases 3-methylcholanthrene-induced increased GABA content in the brains of rats and delays tumor appearance. The most active inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, amino oxyacetic acid (AOAA), increases the GABA content in the brain and appears to increase the tumor rate in 3-MC rats. Despite some reservations in view of results derived from investigations of only two compounds (3-MC and Piracetam) we suppose that a relation exists between effects on central nervous system and peripheral carcinogenesis. We will try to support our hypothesis further by using other compounds influencing the GABA-content of the brain. PMID- 7309785 TI - Crystalline actin sheets: their structure and polymorphism. AB - Crystalline sheets of Acanthamoeba actin induced by the trivalent lanthanide gadolinium exist in three different polymorphic forms, which show different striation patterns and surface topographies. We have called these different forms "rectangular" and "square" sheets, and "cylinders" and have shown that each of the three forms is constructed from common "basic" lattices associated in different ways. We have used image processing of electron micrographs to obtain a model for the actin molecule in projection to a resolution of 1.5 nm. The overall dimensions observed in these images are 5.6 x 3.3 x 4.5 nm, and the molecule itself appears distinctly bilobed with the two lobes separated by a cleft. actin monomers in the sheets are arranged with P2 symmetry and are therefore packed in a manner different from that of the molecules in actin filaments. Because approximately 35% of the surface area of the actin molecule is exposed on the surface of these sheets, the sheets should be useful to study the stoichiometric binding of actin-binding proteins to the actin molecule. PMID- 7309786 TI - Multiple forms of tubulin in the cytoskeletal and flagellar microtubules of Polytomella. AB - The alga polytomella contains several organelles composed of microtubules, including four flagella and hundreds of cytoskeletal microtubules. Brown and co workers have shown (1976. J. Cell Biol. 69:6-125; 1978, Exp. Cell Res. 117: 313 324) that the flagella could be removed and the cytoskeletans dissociated, and that both structures could partially regenerate in the absence of protein synthesis. Because of this, and because both the flagella and the cytoskeletons can be isolated intact, this organism is particularly suitable for studying tubulin heterogeneity and the incorporation of specific tubulins into different microtubule-containing organelles in the same cell. In order to define the different species of tubulin in polytonella cytoplasm, a (35)S- labeled cytoplasmic fraction was subjected to two cycles of assembly and disassembly in the presence of unlabeled brain tubulin. Comparison of the labeled polytomella cytoplasmic tubulin obtained by this procedure with the tubulin of isolated polytomella flagella by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that, whereas the beta-tubulin from both cytoplasmic and flagellar tubulin samples comigrated, the two alpha-tubulins had distinctly different isoelectic points. As a second method of isolating tubulin from the cytoplasm, cells were gently lysed with detergent and intact cytoskeletons obtained. When these cytoskeletons were exposed to cold temperature, the proteins that were released were found to be highly enriched in tubulin; this tubulin, by itself, could be assembled into microtubules in vitro. The predominant alpha-tubulin of this in vitro- assembled cytoskeletal tubulin corresponded to the major cytoplasmic alpha-tubulin obtained by coassembly of labeled polytomella cytoplasmic extract with brain tubulin and was quite distinct from the alpha-tubulin of purified flagella. These results clearly show that two different microtubule-containing organelles from the same cell are composed of distinct tubulins. PMID- 7309787 TI - Identification of minor components of coated vesicles by use of permeation chromatography. AB - Coated vesicles are thought to be vehicles for the intracellular transport of membranes. Clathrin is the major protein component of coated vesicles. Minor components of these organelles can be identified in highly purified preparations if they can be shown to copurify with clathrin. To show copurification we have made use of the relatively uniform diameter of coated vesicles (50-150 nm) to fractionate conventionally purified coated vesicles according to size in glass bead columns of 200-nm pore size. We have found that bovine brain coated vesicles prepared by the standard procedure of Pearse can be contaminated with large membrane fragments that are removed by permeation chromatography on such glass bead columns. Gel electrophoretic analysis of column fractions shows that only three major polypeptide chains, and a family of polypeptides with molecular weights close to 100,000 are always in constant ratio to clathrin, and are unique to fractions containing coated vesicles. Two other major polypeptides that appear to be components of coated vesicles are also present in other membrane fractions. We have also used permeation chromatography to monitor artifactual membrane trapping during vesicle isolation. Pure radiolabeled synaptic vesicle membranes were added to bovine brain tissue before homogenization. Considerable amounts of the added radioactivity could be recovered in the fractions conventionally pooled in the preparation of coated vesicles. After permeation chromatography, the radioactivity in the coated vesicle peak was reduced essentially to background. PMID- 7309788 TI - Status of mitochondria in living human fibroblasts during growth and senescence in vitro: use of the laser dye rhodamine 123. AB - Rhodamine 123, a fluorescent laser dye that is selectively taken up into mitochondria of living cells, was used to examine mitochondrial morphology in early-passage (young), late-passage (old), and progeric human fibroblasts. Mitochondria were readily visualized in all cell types during growth (mid-log) and confluent stages. In all cell strains at confluence, mitochondria became shorter, more randomly aligned, and developed a higher proportion of bead-like forms. Treatment of cells for six days with Tevenel, a chloramphenicol analog that inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis, brought about a marked depletion of mitochondria and a diffuse background fluorescence. Cyanide produced a rapid release of preloaded mitochondrial fluorescence followed by detachment and killing of cells. Colcemid caused a random coiling and fragmentation of mitochondria particularly in the confluent stage. No gross differences were discernible in mitochondria of the three cell strains in mid-log and confluent states or after these treatments. Butanol-extractable fluorescence after loading with rhodamine 123 was lower in all cell strains in confluent compared to mid-log stages. At confluence all three cell strains had similar rhodamine contents at zero-time and after washout up to 24 h. At the mid-log stage, young cells contained more rhodamine initially and lost it more rapidly than old or progeria cells, in that order. The data indicate no gross derangement in the morphology or number of mitochondria in old and progeria fibroblasts but there is a reduction of protonmotive force evident in these cells at the mid-log stage that may be growth limiting. PMID- 7309789 TI - Cholera toxin can catalyze ADP-ribosylation of cytoskeletal proteins. AB - Cholera toxin catalyzes transfer of radiolabel from [32P]NAD+ to several peptides in particulate preparations of human foreskin fibroblasts. Resolution of these peptides by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis allowed identification of two peptides of Mr = 42,000 and 52,000 as peptide subunits of a regulatory component of adenylate cyclase. The radiolabeling of another group of peptides (Mr = 50,000 to 65,000) suggested that cholera toxin could catalyze ADP-ribosylation of cytoskeletal proteins. This suggestion was confirmed by showing that incubation with cholera toxin and [32P]NAD+ caused radiolabeling of purified microtubule and intermediate filament proteins. PMID- 7309790 TI - Serial propagation of human endothelial cells in vitro. AB - Human umbilical vein (HUV) endothelial cells were grown for 15 to 21 passages at a split ratio of 1:5 (at least 27 population doublings) on a human fibronectin (HFN) matrix in Medium 199 supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and endothelial-cell growth factor (ECGF). This system also permitted the growth of HUV endothelial cells at cell densities as low as 1.25 cells/cm2. In addition to delaying the premature senescence of HUV endothelial cells, ECGF also reduced the serum requirement for low-density HUV endothelial-cell growth; 2.5% serum and ECGF yields half-maximum growth as compared to high serum controls. Significant HUV endothelial-cell growth was also observed in medium supplemented with either ovine hypophysectomized (HYPOX) serum, plasma-derived serum (PDS), or HYPOX-PDS in the presence of ECGF, suggesting that neither the pituitary nor the platelet contributes to HUV endothelial-cell growth. PMID- 7309791 TI - Mechanics of chromosome separation during mitosis in Fusarium (Fungi imperfecti): new evidence from ultrastructural and laser microbeam experiments. AB - The anaphase-telophase spindle usually elongates, and it has been assumed that the spindle pushes the incipient daughter nuclei apart. To test this assumption, we used a laser microbeam to sever the central spindle of the fungus, Fusarium solani, and measured the rate of separation of incipient daughter nuclei. When the microbeam was aimed beside the spindle separation occurred at a rate (8.6 micrometer/min) that did not differ significantly from the rate (7.6 micrometer/m) in unirradiated cells. But when the spindle was irradiated, it broke, and the separation was much faster (22.4 micrometer/min). Irradiation of cytoplasm lateral to one spindle pole resulted in a 1.5 micrometer/min reduction in the rate (6.1 micrometer/min) of separation. From these and other data, we infer that extranuclear forces, presumably involving astral microtubules, pull on the incipient daughter nuclei and that the central spindle limits the separation rate. Astral microtubules are associated with the plasma membrane or, sometimes, with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Most of the spindle microtubules that are present at metaphase are depolymerized during anaphase and early telophase. PMID- 7309792 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration through human amnion membrane. AB - A new in vitro model has been developed for studying migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through living native cellular and matrix barriers. Human amnion membrane consists of a single layer of epithelium bound to a continuous basement membrane interfacing an avascular collagenous stroma. Living amnion was placed in plastic chambers with separate compartments on each side of the membrane. PMN were introduced on the epithelial side of the amnion, and a Millipore filter (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.) was placed against the stromal side. In response to N-formylmethionyl-leucyl- phenylanlanine (FMLP) chemoattractant, PMN penetrated the full thickness of the amnion and were collected and counted on the filter. The rate of PMN traversal of the amnion was dependent on the concentration of FMLP (optimal at 10(-8)M) as well as the slope of the FMLP gradient across the amnion. The route of PMN migration was studied by transmission electron microscopy. PMN first attached to the epithelial surface, then infiltrated between intercellular junctions. PMN migrated around or through tight junction and hemidesmosome attachments. The PMN then penetrated the basement membrane and migrated through the dense collagenous stroma. The present amnion migration system has characteristics of the in vivo inflammatory state not described in any previous method for monitoring PMN migration in vitro. Prior methods have not used native epithelium, whole basement membrane, or collagenous stroma. PMN penetration of these barriers occurs in the normal inflammatory response and probably involves biochemical mechanisms not required for simple migration through the pores of an artificial filter. The amnion system can be useful for future biochemical and morphological studies of PMN penetration of these barriers and possible repair processes that may follow. PMID- 7309793 TI - Intercellular communication in normal and regenerating rat liver: a quantitative analysis. AB - We have compared intercellular communication in the regenerating and normal livers of weanling rats. The electrophysiological studies were conducted at the edge of the liver, and we have found that here as elsewhere in the liver there is a dramatic decrease in the number and size of gap junctions during regeneration. The area of hepatocyte membrane occupied by gap junctions is reduced 100-fold 29 35 h after hepatectomy. By combining observations made with the scanning electron microscope with our freeze fracture data we have estimated the number of "communicating interfaces" (areas of contact between hepatocytes that include at least one gap junction) formed by hepatocytes in normal and regenerating liver. In normal liver a hepatocyte forms gap junctions with every hepatocyte it contacts (approximately 6). In regenerating liver a hepatocyte forms detectable gap junctions with, on average, only one other hepatocyte. Intercellular spread of fluorescent dye and electric current is reduced in regenerating as compared with normal liver. The incidence of electric coupling is reduced from 100% of hepatocyte pairs tested in control liver to 92% in regenerating liver. Analysis of the spatial dependence of electronic potentials indicates a substantial increase in intercellular resistance in regenerating liver. A quantitative comparison of our morphological and physiological data is complicated by tortuous pattern of current flow and by inhomogeneities in the liver during regeneration. Nevertheless we believe that our results are consistent with the hypothesis that gap junctions are aggregates of channels between cell interiors. PMID- 7309794 TI - Motion of particles adhering to the leading lamella of crawling cells. AB - Time-lapsed films of particle motion on the leading lamella of chick heart fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages were analyzed. The particles were composed of powdered glass or powdered aminated polystyrene and were 0.5-1.0 micrometer in radius. Particle motions were described by steps in position from one frame to the time-lapse movies to the next. The statistics of the step-size distribution of the particles were consistent with a particle in Brownian motion subject to a constant force. From the Brownian movement, we have calculated the two-dimensional diffusion coefficient of different particles. These vary by more than an order of magnitude (10(-11)-10(-10) cm2/s) even for particles composed of the same material and located very close to each other on the surface of the cell. This variation was not correlated with particle size but is interpretable as a result of different numbers of adhesive bonds holding the particles to the cells. The constant component of particle movement can be interpreted as a result of a constant force acting on each particle (0.1-1.0 x 10(-8) dyn). Variations in the fractional coefficient for particles close to each other on the cell surface do not yield corresponding differences in velocity, suggesting that the frictional coefficient and the driving force vary together. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the particles are carried by flow of the membrane as a whole or by flow of some submembrane material. The utility of our methods for monitoring cell motile behavior in biologically interesting situations, such as a chemotactic gradient, is discussed. PMID- 7309795 TI - Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein. AB - An 11S protein composed of six polypeptide chains was previously purified from a salt extract of dog pancreas microsomal membranes and shown to be required for translocation of nascent secretory protein across the microsomal membrane (Wistar and Blobel 1980 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77:7112-7116). This 11S protein, termed signal recognition protein (SRP), has been shown here (a) to inhibit translation in the wheat germ cell-free system selectively of mRNA for secretory protein (bovine preprolactin) but not of mRNA for cytoplasmic protein (alpha and beta chain of rabbit globin); (b) to bind with relatively low affinity (apparent KD less than 5 x 10(-5)) to monomeric wheat germ ribosomes; and (c) to bind selectively and with 6,000-fold higher affinity (apparent KD less than 8 x 10( 9)) to wheat germ ribosomes engaged in the synthesis of secretory protein but not to those engaged in the synthesis of cytoplasmic protein. Low- and high-affinity binding as well as the selective translation-inhibitory effect were abolished after modification of SRP by N-ethyl maleimide. High-affinity binding and the selective translation-inhibitory effect of SRP were largely abolished when the leucine (Leu) analogue beta-hydroxy leucine was incorporated into the nascent secretory polypeptide. PMID- 7309797 TI - Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum III. Signal recognition protein (SRP) causes signal sequence-dependent and site-specific arrest of chain elongation that is released by microsomal membranes. AB - The previously observed (Walter, et al. 1981 J. Cell Biol. 91:545-550) inhibitory effect of SRP selectively on the cell-free translation of mRNA for secretory protein (preprolactin) was shown here to be caused by a signal sequence-induced and site-specific arrest in polypeptide chain elongation. The Mr of the SRP arrested nascent preprolactin chain was estimated to be 8,000 corresponding to approximately 70 amino acid residues. Because the signal sequence of preprolactin comprises 30 residues and because approximately 40 residues of the nascent chain are buried (protected from protease) in the large ribosomal subunit, we conclude that it is the interaction of SRP with the amino-terminal signal peptide of the nascent chain (emerged from the large ribosomal subunit) that modulates translation and thereby causes an arrest in chain elongation. This arrest is released upon SRP-mediated binding of the elongation-arrested ribosomes to the microsomal membrane, resulting in chain completion and translocation into the microsomal vesicle. PMID- 7309796 TI - Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. II. Signal recognition protein (SRP) mediates the selective binding to microsomal membranes of in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein. AB - Translocation-competent microsomal membrane vesicles of dog pancreas were shown to selectively bind nascent, in vitro assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein (bovine prolactin) but not those synthesizing cytoplasmic protein (alpha and beta chain of rabbit globin). This selective polysome binding capacity was abolished when the microsomal vesicles were salt-extracted but was restored by an 11S protein (SRP, Signal Recognition Protein) previously purified from the salt extract of microsomal vesicles (Walter and Blobel, 1980. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77:7112-7116). SRP-dependent polysome recognition and binding to the microsomal membrane was shown to be a prerequisite for chain translocation. Modification of SRP by N-ethyl maleimide abolished its ability to mediate nascent polysome binding to the microsomal vesicles. Likewise, polysome binding to the microsomal membrane was largely abolished when beta-hydroxy leucine, a Leu analogue, was incorporated into nascent secretory polypeptides. The data in this and the preceding paper provide conclusive experimental evidence that chain translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane is a receptor-mediated event and thus rule out proposals that chain translocation occurs spontaneously and without the mediation by proteins. Moreover, our data here demonstrate conclusively that the initial events that lead to translocation and provide for its specificity are protein-protein (signal sequence plus ribosome with SRP) and not protein-lipid (signal sequence with lipid bilayer) interactions. PMID- 7309798 TI - Externalization of an endogenous chicken muscle lectin with in vivo development. AB - Chicken-lactose-lectin-I (CLL-I), an endogenous lectin that is developmentally regulated in embryonic muscle, was localized by immunohistochemical techniques in tissue samples taken at various stages of in vivo development and in primary muscle cultures. Lectin, which was diffusely distributed in myoblasts, became localized in myotubes in a distribution similar to that of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules. Later in development, lectin was predominantly extracellular. This sequence suggests that externalization may have occurred by migration in the T tubules, which are continuous with the extracellular space, although alternative explanations are possible. Only traces of lectin were found in the adult. These studies did not reveal the function of CLL-I in muscle development. However, we infer that it acts by organizing complementary glycoconjugates in the intracellular tubular network, on the muscle surface, and/or in extracellular materials. PMID- 7309801 TI - Surface changes during retraction-induced spreading of fibroblasts. AB - Retraction of the trailing edge of an embryonic chick heart fibroblast results in an abrupt increase in protrusive activity at the leading edge of the cell. This increase was studied with time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy. Increased spreading following retraction results primarily from an increase in the duration of the extension phase of lamellipodial spreading. Much ruffling accompanies this increased spreading, particularly during its earliest phase. Upon retraction of the trailing edge, folds appear on the surface of the retracted tail and adjacent cell body and, soon after, microvilli-like structures appear as well. Once the moving cell has fully respread, however, the upper surface is once again smooth and free of folds and microvilli. Artificial detachment of a spreading lamella with a microneedle, and its consequent retraction, also causes increased protrusive activity of the remaining lamellae of the cell. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that retraction of one part of the cell makes surface membrane and cytoplasm available for forming protrusions elsewhere. PMID- 7309800 TI - Distribution of microtubule organizing centers in migrating sheets of endothelial cells. AB - This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the position of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and the direction of migration of a sheet of endothelial cells (EC). Using immunofluorescence and phase microscopy the MTOC's of migrating EC were visualized as the cells moved into an in vitro experimental wound produced by mechanical denudation of part of a confluent monolayer culture. Although the MTOC's in nonmigrating EC were randomly positioned in relation to the nucleus, in migrating cells the position of the MTOC's changed so that 80% of the cells had the MTOC positioned in front of the nucleus toward the direction of movement of the endothelial sheet. This repositioning of the MTOC occurred within the first 4 h after wounding and was associated with the beginning of migration of EC's into the wounded area as seen by time-lapse cinemicrophotography. These studies focus attention on the MTOC as a cytoskeletal structure that may play a role in determining the direction of cell movement. PMID- 7309802 TI - Biophysical and morphological correlates of kinetic change and death in a starved human melanoma cell line. AB - An investigation was made of the sequential biophysical and morphological changes that occur as cultured human melanoma cells (MM96) outgrow their supply of nutrient. Simultaneous buoyant-density and velocity-sedimentation fractionation experiments were used to characterize cells from 3 kinetically differing types of culture. Cells from exponential cultures were large, moderately dense and rapidly sedimenting; cells from post-exponential cultures were of intermediate size, less dense and much more slowly sedimenting; and dye-excluding cells from reproductively non-viable late post-exponential cultures were small, of widely variable though generally high density and sedimented moderately rapidly. Although reproductive viability was high in cells from both exponential and post exponential cultures, depletion of clonogenic cells was seen at the extremes of the distribution profiles of cells fractionated by either method. This was particularly evident at the low-density extreme of the buoyant-density profiles where cells retained viability despite their loss of proliferative potential. As cells became post-exponential, nuclear size diminished in parallel with cell size, the number of microvilli declined, mitochondria condensed, cytoplasm vacuolated, the frequency of osmiophilic vacuolar inclusions rose, chromatin clumped and nucleoli became prominent. Progression to a reproductively non-viable late post-exponential state resulted in a continued parallel fall in nuclear size, increased cytoplasmic blebbing, further mitochondrial condensation, an increased proportion of cytoplasmic vacuoles containing osmiophilic material, the major part of which was melanin, and further clumping and margination of chromatin. Cells progressed rapidly from this newly described pre-apoptotic state to death by apoptosis, a process characterized by the budding and division of cells into a number of ultrastructurally well-preserved membrane-bound fragments. PMID- 7309799 TI - Identification of histone H2b as a heat-shock protein in Drosophila. AB - Total cell polypeptides synthesized, in cultured Drosophila cells under control (25 degrees C) and heat-shock (37 degrees C) conditions have been compared in two different two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems which, together, resolve polypeptides having a wide range of isoelectric points, including the most basic polypeptides of the cell. The electrophoresis of basic proteins showed that the most prominent basic polypeptide synthesized in heat shock comigrated with histone H2b. This heat-shock polypeptide was identified as histone H2b by two criteria: (a) it comigrated with authentic histone H2b in Triton-urea-acetic acid acrylamide gel electrophoresis after solubilization from nuclei with acid; and (b) partial proteolysis peptide maps of the basic heat shock protein and histone H2b were identical. The synthesis of histone H2b was induced threefold in heat shock, whereas synthesis of the other histones was reduced from two- to tenfold. The noncoordinate synthesis of histones in Drosophila in heat shock provides an interesting system in which to investigate transcriptional and translational controls of histone synthesis as well as assembly of histones into chromatin. PMID- 7309803 TI - Non-selective junctional communication between some different mammalian cell types in primary culture. AB - Intercellular transfer of tritium-labelled uridine nucleotides has been used to detect junctional communication between various cell types in primary culture. Epidermal keratinocytes, melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts from new-born-mouse skin, and epithelial cells from baby mouse kidney form communicating junctions in all possible homologous and heterologous combinations. This lack of detectable communication specificity between cells in primary culture contrasts with the specificity shown by some established cell lines. PMID- 7309804 TI - Evolutionary constraints on quantitative variation and regulation of macronuclear dna content in the genus Tetrahymena. AB - Fluorescence cytophotometry was used to examine quantitative variation and regulation of macronuclear DNA content in 44 clones representing 13 species in 3 species-complexes of the genus Tetrahymena. Mean DNA amounts for G2 macronuclei generally ranged from 20-50 pg, with extreme means of 10 and 196 pg. Both intra- and interspecific variation was usually significant at the 5% level, and in some instances DNA amounts for the same clone in repeated experiments were significant different. Nevertheless, intraclonal ranges both within and among species frequently showed considerable overlap and, in the context of all the ciliates, the range of means is small. Calculations suggest that a biologically more meaningful measure, gene dosage, is also evolutionarily conserved. Additional evolutionary constraints are found in the regulation of macronuclear DNA content. Analysis of G1 and G2 intraclonal variances shows that in all species the variance added by regular unequal macronuclear division is removed by modification of cell-cycle events according to Model II regulation. In Model II, macronuclei with a small amount of DNA undergo an additional S phase before nuclear and cell division, whereas macronuclei with a large amount of DNA omit an S phase. Chromatin extrusion is also a regular feature of macronuclear division in most species, but its role in regulation is unclear. Extrusion regulates downward the mean amount of DNA but may actually contribute to unequal division and therefore add rather than remove variance. PMID- 7309805 TI - Desmosome frequency: Experimental alteration may correlate with differential cell adhesion. AB - Differential cell adhesion, a suggested guiding force for tissue rearrangement during embryogenesis, could be affected by desmosome frequency. A model system for studying embryonic tissue-positioning behaviour involves combining different tissues and following their rearrangements. We have previously shown that for one tissue, embryonic chick heart ventricle, direction of tissue positioning can be altered experimentally. Heart tissue precultured for 2.5 days tends to segregate internally, while tissue pre-cultured for just half a day tends to segregate externally. Also, intact fragments of tissue tend to segregate internally, while reaggregates of trypsin-disaggregated tissues tend to segregate externally. We show here that treatments that increase the tendency to internalize also increase the frequency of adherens junctions and treatments that increase the tendency to externalize decrease the frequency of junctions. An identical hierarchical ordering of the 4 experimental tissues occurs with respect to positioning behaviour and desmosome frequency. In the hierarchy, 2.5-day-cultured fragments greater than 2.5-day-cultured reaggregates greater than 0.5-day-cultured fragments 0.5-day-cultured reaggregates, tissues to the left tend to segregate internally and to have more desmosomes. Tissues to the right segregate externally and have fewer desmosome. This is what is expected if desmosome are organelles for adhesion and if differential adhesion is a factor in tissue-positioning behaviour. PMID- 7309806 TI - The interpretation of interference-reflection images of spread cells: significant contributions from thin peripheral cytoplasm. AB - In interference-reflection microscopy, used for investigating cell-substratum separation, it is commonly believed that cytoplasmic thickness can be ignored, provided a high illuminating numerical aperture (INA) is used. It is shown here that even when a maximal INA is used, cytoplasmic lamellae of I micrometer or less can be major determinants of the image. The leading lamella of spreading tissue cells and large peripheral areas of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae on adhesive substrata are less than I micrometer thick and it is argued that hitherto unexplained features of the interference images of these cells may be interpreted in terms of the theory used here. PMID- 7309807 TI - Determination of secretory vesicle production rates by dictyosomes in pollen tubes of Tradescantia using cytochalasin D. AB - Pollen tubes of Tradescantia were grown in vitro and exposed to 0.3 microgram/ml cytochalasin D for 5 or 10 min. Fine-structural observations revealed no visible effect of the drug on the organelles. Stereological analysis, using a method recently developed by Rose (1980) to obtain sphere size-distributions corrected for section thickness, revealed substantial increase in the number of secretory vesicles present in the cytoplasm around the dictyosomes. Equating the rate of vesicle accumulation with the rate of vesicle production, a total of 5388 vesicles per minute are formed by a growing tube. This corresponds to 2.4 vesicles per minute per dictyosome, and a turnover rate of 3.7 min for a single dictyosome cisterna, or about 15-18.5 min for a complete dictyosome. The calculated vesicle production rate agrees well with that required to sustain the observed growth rate of such tubes, based on the addition of membrane or wall material to the tube tip. PMID- 7309808 TI - Binding of isovaleraldehyde, an attractant, to zoospores of the fungus Phytophthora palmivora in relation to zoospore chemotaxis. AB - The interaction of isovaleraldehyde, an attractant, with zoospores of the fungus Phytophthora palmivora was investigated by using binding techniques. The amount of isovaleraldehyde bound diminished with time, an effect that may be related to sensory adaptation. In addition to non-specific binding, specific and saturable isovaleraldehyde binding was demonstrated. Cooperativity occurred at intermediate but not at low and high ligand concentrations. [3H]isovaleraldehyde was displaced by unlabelled isovaleraldehyde and by a number of chemically related ligands known to be chemotactic agents.l Their dissociation constants as calculated from the displacement experiments paralleled their potency as attractants and it is suggested that these attractants act through the same receptor. Some other chemotactic agents did not displace [3H]isovaleraldehyde, and these presumably act through one or more other receptors. PMID- 7309809 TI - Mechanisms of nutritive endocytosis. I. Phagocytic versatility and cellular recognition in Chlorohydra digestive cells, a scanning electron microscope study. AB - The quantity of surface membrane internalized during phagocytosis by Chlorohydra digestive cells was estimated for a range of particle types. Challenge with 2 of these particles, freshly isolated symbiotic algae (FIS) and latex spheres (LS), resulted in a greater (2.5 X) quantity of surface membrane interiorized than with heat-treated symbiotic algae (HTS) and free living algae (FA), Chlorella vulgaris. This discriminatory process was investigated further by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) comparison of the surface events associated with phagocytosis of each of these 4 particles. Those particles that were avidly phagocytized, FIS and LS, were both enveloped by a tightly fitting extension of digestive-cell surface, and obtained a prominent surface coating after their injection into the gut of Chlorohydra. Phagocytic challenge with FIS resulted, furthermore, in the rapid formation of a dense microvillar cover on digestive-cell surfaces. HTS and FA, on the other hand, were enveloped by a less closely fitting extension of digestive-cell surface, did not obtain a prominent surface coating, and did not induce the formation of microvilli. In addition, SEM revealed that at least 3 morphologically distinct phagocytic modes were utilized by the versatile nutritive phagocyte of Chlorohydra: (I) envelopment by the progressive movement of numerous, overlapping tubular protrusions (microvilli) over the particle (FIS) surface, forming first a network of tubular interlocking members, and finally a continuous but rough enclosing surface; (2) envelopment by a single, smooth-surfaced, funnel-like extension of digestive-cell surface (FIS, LS, HTS, FA); and (3) envelopment by multiple, broad folds, often of unequal size, and with overlapping margins (Artemia particles). PMID- 7309810 TI - The effect of various cooling rates on the membrane ultrastructure of frozen human erythrocytes and its relation to the extent of haemolysis after thawing. AB - Human erythrocytes suspended in buffered isotonic saline were frozen to the temperature of liquid nitrogen at various cooling rates of 3, 140, 700, 1800, 3500, 8000 and 11 500 deg. C/min. The membrane ultrastructure in the frozen state and the extent of haemolysis after thawing were examined at each cooling rate. As the cooling rates increased from 3 to 3500 deg. C/min, the extent of lysis gradually decreased, but further increase in cooling rates in excess of 8000 deg. C/min resulted in an abrupt increase of lysis. Membrane-associated vesicles devoid of intramembrane particles (IMPs) were formed in the erythrocyte membranes frozen at cooling rates slower than 1800 deg. C/min. The frequency and size of these vesicles were highly cooling-rate-dependent and they were no longer formed in the erythrocyte membranes frozen at cooling rates faster than 3500 deg. C/min. Another membrane ultrastructural change associated closely with the formation of intracellular ice crystals appeared at cooling rates faster than 8000 deg. C/min. The membrane regions in direct contact with intracellular ice crystals were physically damaged and had an appearance resembling worm-eaten spots. The erythrocytes frozen at a cooling rate of 3500 deg. C/min exhibited ultrastructural integrity of the membrane by avoiding the membrane changes caused by either slow or fast freezing. It is suggested, from the close relation between membrane ultrastructure and the extent of haemolysis, that the ultrastructural integrity of membrane in the frozen state is important for avoiding haemolysis after thawing, and that the membrane ultrastructural changes caused by both slow and fast freezing were responsible for the lysis after thawing. PMID- 7309811 TI - Ultrastructure of sheep erythrocyte plasma membranes and cytoskeletons bound to solid supports. AB - Sheep erythrocyte plasma membrane monolayers were formed on positively charged supports by means of controlled lysis and squirting of cells so that the original protoplasmic or inner surfaces (PS) were exposed. The appearance of the surface was studied by transmission electron microscopy of platinum/carbon replicas following freeze-drying of the membranes. After gentle washing with water or dilute buffer, a network of filaments and particles was found to cover the surface. Whole cells bound to positively charged supports were treated with Triton X-100 and hypertonic KCl, which left the protein components of the cytoskeleton on the support. Stereo electron microscopy of Pt/C replicas of these residues showed complex networks of filaments, similar to those seen on the cytoplasmic surfaces of the intact membranes. In both cases the lengths of the filaments correspond to that of the spectrin dimer. Removal of spectrin, actin and other proteins by alkaline treatment led to loss of this network and revealed 15.4-nm particles on the membranes PS. These particles, which were also visible after negative staining, could be removed by treatment with trypsin and were found to correspond to band 4 protein (the equivalent of human erythrocyte band 3 protein). Membranes freeze-fractured following treatment with alkali showed normal intramembranous particles with frequencies similar to those of native membranes. This indicates that band 4 protein spans the sheep erythrocyte membrane and forms a very high proportion of the intramembranous particles. The protoplasmic portions of these particles may be membrane binding sites for the cytoskeleton in sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 7309812 TI - Structure of the chloroplast and its DNA in chloromonadophycean algae. AB - The arrangement and ultrastructure of chloroplasts is described for the Chloromonadophycean algae gonyostomum semen Diesing and Vacuolaria virescens Cienkowsky. The chloroplasts are present in large numbers and are discoid structures approximately 3-4 micrometer in length by 2-3 micrometer in width. In Gonyostomum semen the chloroplasts form a single layer immediately interior to the cell membrane; frequently their longitudinal axis parallels the longitudinal axis of the cell. The chloroplasts in Vacuolaria virescens are more than I layer deep and do not appear to be preferentially oriented. In both organisms, chloroplast bands usually consist of 3 apposed thylakoids, although fusion and interconnections between adjacent bands frequently occur. External to the girdle band (the outermost thylakoids) is the chloroplast envelope. This is bounded by endoplasmic reticulum but there is no immediately apparent continuity between this endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope. Electron-dense spheres in the chloroplast stroma are thought to be lipid food reserve. Ring-shaped electron translucent regions in the chloroplast contain chloroplast DNA. The DNA is distributed along this ring in an uneven fashion and, when stained, resembles a string of beads. Each plastid has I ring, and the ring is unbroken in the intact plastid. PMID- 7309813 TI - Influence of molecular charge upon the endocytosis and intracellular fate of peroxidase activity in cultured arterial endothelium. AB - The molecular charge of the macromolecule, horseradish peroxidase (HRPase, 40 000 mol. wt), was modified to yield highly anionic (PI less than 3.68) and cationic (PI = 9.5-10.5) derivatives. The effects upon the interactions between HRPase and arterial endothelium were then studied in vitro. The net rate of uptake of HRPase into endocytic vesicles and vacuoles of confluent endothelium was influenced by its molecular charge, there being less internalization of the anionic HRPase than of the native (pI = 7.9-8.2) and cationic derivatives. The molecular diameter was not significantly different between the cationic (Ae = 28.8 A), anionic (Ae = 31.2 A) and native (Ae = 29.6 A) HRPase. The rate of uptake of [U-14C]sucrose, a tracer of bulk fluid endocytosis, was unaffected by the presence of the differently charged HRPase, indicating that the volume of vesicles formed per cell per hour remained constant. The intracellular fate of HRPase of different charge was investigated biochemically and morphologically. The rate of loss of internalized HRPase activity in the endothelial cells approximated first-order kinetics. The rate of disappearance of intracellular HRPase activity was much greater for cationic (t1/2 = 8 h) and native (t1/2 = I 8 h) than for anionic HRPase (t1/2 = 80-100 h). By electron microscopy, all 3 forms of HRPase were restricted to intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles and vacuoles consistent with a vesicle-lysosomal pathway. Studies with purified lysosomal cathepsin D indicated that the differences in the intracellular half-lives of HRPase may be attributable in small part to decreased and increased rates of lysosomal proteolysis of anionic and cationic HRPase, respectively, in comparison with native HRPase. Pre-labelling of endothelial secondary lysosomes by inhibitors of phagosome-lysosome fusion (dextran sulphate, polyglutamate) lengthened the intracellular half-life of native HRPase, while introduction of cationic ferritin to cells pulsed with anionic HRPase greatly decreased its half-life. Thus an influence of molecular charge upon endosome-lysosome fusion cannot be excluded. The studies indicate that the net charge carried by exogenous HRPase influences both its internalization in endocytic vesicles and its subsequent intracellular fate, which in turn may be modified by the introduction of other differently charged macromolecules. These results are discussed in relation to macromolecular transport by vascular endothelium in vivo. PMID- 7309814 TI - Phonetic analysis of late babbling: a case study of a French child. PMID- 7309815 TI - Timing in late babbling. PMID- 7309816 TI - Early language and nonverbal representation: a reassessment. PMID- 7309817 TI - Content and context in early lexical development. PMID- 7309818 TI - Semantic roles and residual grammatical categories in mother and child speech: who tunes into whom? PMID- 7309819 TI - Language development and language knowledge: evidence from the acquisition of Hebrew morphophonology. PMID- 7309820 TI - To attend or not to attend to unwelcome reanalyses? A reply to Pinker. PMID- 7309821 TI - Possible worlds semantics for early syntax. PMID- 7309822 TI - It's easier in German, isn't it? The acquisition of tag questions in a bilingual child. PMID- 7309823 TI - A note on empiricism and structure-dependence. PMID- 7309824 TI - Measuring the quality of life of cancer patients: a concise QL-index for use by physicians. PMID- 7309825 TI - Incidence of juvenile onset diabetes in Montreal-demonstration of ethnic differences and socio-economic class differences. PMID- 7309826 TI - Inter-observer error among surgeons and nurses in presymptomatic detection of breast disease. PMID- 7309827 TI - Parental anxiety and other psychosocial factors associated with childhood asthma. PMID- 7309828 TI - [Morphometric studies on the calyx minor of the Japanese adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309829 TI - [Evaluation of antiarrhythmic agents by means of artificial provocation of supraventricular tachycardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309830 TI - [Pathology of the aged]. PMID- 7309831 TI - Changes in visual evoked potentials by amitriptyline in patients with endogenous depression. PMID- 7309832 TI - Post-operative myelography in lumbar intervertebral disk herniations. PMID- 7309833 TI - Free fat transplants around the spinal dura. PMID- 7309834 TI - [A histopathological study of pulmonary lesions of the patients who died in the ICU and CCU (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309835 TI - [On the immunoserological modification of the human type A influenza virus in animals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309836 TI - [Induction and termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by electrical stimulation of the right atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309837 TI - [Circulatory changes during barium enema examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309838 TI - [A polygraphic study of delirium tremens: with special reference to eye movements in awake patients with the eyes closed (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309839 TI - [Effect of cigarette smoking on human gastric function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309840 TI - [A study on a change of evoked responses as an indication of mental workload (author's transl)]. PMID- 7309841 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni from Bangladeshi children. AB - To determine the prevalence of infection with Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in Bangladesh, culture surveys were conducted among three populations. In Dacca, Campylobacter was isolated from 5.2% of 97 individuals with clinical dysentery and from 12.3% of 204 patients with only diarrhea. This difference may have resulted from a greater representation of young children in the second group. Campylobacter was isolated from 17.7% of the 141 healthy village children aged 1 to 5.5 years and from 38.8% of the 1-year-old children. More infected children (48%) had a history of recent diarrheal illness than did a group of matched controls (20%; P = 0.016). These findings suggest that campylobacter infection is common for Bangladeshi children. However, this organism may not cause diarrheal illness in all instances in which it is isolated. PMID- 7309842 TI - Rifampin as a selective agent for isolation of oral spirochetes. AB - Spirochetes indigenous to the healthy gingival crevice of the human mouth were isolated directly from colonies in agar medium containing rifampin as a selective agent. PMID- 7309843 TI - Room temperature storage of Legionella cultures. AB - Charcoal-yeast extract agar slant cultures of Legionella representing all four named species were stored at room temperature in the dark. Some L. pneumophila strains survived 2 months, L. bozemanii and L. dumoffii strains were viable at 4 months, and L. micdadei strains remained viable after 1 year in storage. PMID- 7309844 TI - Probing for enterotoxigenicity among the salmonellae: an evaluation of biological assays. AB - Sixty-eight Salmonella strains representing 39 serotypes were variously screened for enterotoxigenicity by using the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), Y1 adrenal, and Vero cell tests, rabbit skin tests for delayed permeabiltity factor (DPF) and rapid permeability factor (RPF), the rabbit ileal loop test, and the infant mouse test. An iron-sufficient medium, YT-1, and a deferrated medium, DF, were compared. Of the culture supernatant fluids of strains grown in DF medium, 66% yielded positive reactions in the CHO cell test compared with only 10% with TY-1 medium. The corresponding performances with supernatant fluids of DF medium cultures in Y1 adrenal and Vero cell tests were 85 and 69% positive, respectively. The overall agreement between the Y1 adrenal or CHO cell test and the rabbit skin test for DPF, i.e., positive or negative in both tests, was about 70%. Positivity in DPF tests was a better predictor of positivity in either the Y1 adrenal or rabbit ileal loop test than vice versa. CHO cell, DPF, and rabbit ileal loop reactivities of unheated culture filtrates were each neutralized by anticholera antitoxin. Only four strains gave positive reactions in the infant mouse test, whereas up to 66% were positive for RPF in rabbit skin, based on positivity in Ty-1 or DR medium or both. DPF and RPF were produced by 35% of the strains. Of the 28 isolates from human stools, 82 and 92% and all of 11 strains tested were positive in the DPF, Y1 adrenal cell, and rabbit ileal loop tests, respectively. The corresponding data for 17 sewage isolates, representing 17 different serotypes rarely isolated from human stools in Sweden, were 63 and 69% and 8 of 8 tested. On the basis of this investigation, rabbit skin tests for both DPF and RPF provide the most reliable means of screening for enterotoxigenicity among salmonellae. PMID- 7309845 TI - Clinical comparison of ethyl acetate and diethyl ether in the formalin-ether sedimentation technique. AB - A substitute for the volatile solvent diethyl ether has been actively sought for the Formalin-ether sedimentation technique. Ethyl acetate has recently been shown to be a comparable substitute. In an effort to verify these findings and evaluate ethyl acetate under clinical conditions, comparison studies with 62 fresh human stool specimens were performed. Parallel concentrates with diethyl ether and ethyl acetate were prepared for each specimen, and the quantity and appearance of recovered parasite species were determined. Ethyl acetate was found comparable to diethyl ether in the quantitative recovery of parasite eggs, cysts, and larvae; no distortion or alteration of parasite morphology was observed with either solvent. More care was required, however, to completely remove the interface plugs of ethyl acetate and prevent their remixing the concentrate sediment. In addition, wet mounts prepared from ethyl acetate concentrates were occasionally obscured by liquid bubbles probably composed of remaining insoluble ethyl acetate. Clinical laboratories considering substituting ethyl acetate for diethyl ether in the Formalin-ether sedimentation technique should be aware of these problems and take the appropriate precautions to avoid them. PMID- 7309846 TI - Characteristics of human isolates of unidentified fluorescence pseudomonads capable of growth at 42 degrees C. AB - Five strains of an unidentified fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. which were capable of growth at 42 degrees C were isolated over a 3-year period and were examined and compared with chosen strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, and P. putida. The strains were examined in a range of biochemical and carbon substrate alkalinization tests. The outstanding properties of the unidentified fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. included monopolar arrangement of flagella, gelatin liquefaction, litmus milk peptonization, and growth on cetrimide and Salmonella-Shigella agars. All strains failed to produce pyocyanin, 2-ketogluconate, and nitrogen gas, failed to acidify mannitol and xylose, and failed to alkalinize acetamide and allantoin. Similarities to P. fluorescens and P. putida were reflected in their resistance to carbenicillin and susceptibility to kanamycin and tetracycline. PMID- 7309847 TI - Rapid and direct staphylocoagulase assay that uses a chromogenic substrate for identification of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A rapid and direct assay of staphylocoagulase that uses chromogenic substrate Chromozym TH was developed for the routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus. False-positive and false-negative reactions were eliminated by measuring the activity of staphylocoagulase-prothrombin complex directly. The method was compared with three clotting assays. The results show that the new assay is specific, quantitative, and easily automated. If offers clinical laboratories a more reliable assay of staphylocoagulase and is a valuable aid for the rapid identification of S. aureus. PMID- 7309848 TI - Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by inhibition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed for the demonstration of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus immunoglobulin G antibodies was used for the detection of RS virus in specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) obtained from children with acute respiratory disease. Samples of NPS were incubated with a fixed amount of standard serum (human serum antibodies to RS virus) before being added to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test plate. A decrease in the optical density value determined for this standard serum was seen with majority of NPS specimens from which RS virus had been isolated in tissue culture. The reliability and the specificity of this inhibiton test were supported by experiments with purified RS virus and by tests with NPS specimens containing other respiratory viruses. PMID- 7309849 TI - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition in a seroepidemiological study of influenza type C infection. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of antibodies to influenza type C. Based on replicate testing it was decided that an increase of more than three times the standard error of the mean from one serum specimen to the next represented a significant increase in antibody content. After removal of potentially chicken egg albumin antibodies, the test appeared to be more sensitive for the detection of rises in antibody levels than was hemagglutination inhibition. In some cases, heat treatment of the serum before use in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay increased the readings. The strains C/AA/1/59 and C/NJ/1/76 were used in a pilot epidemiological study of influenza C infection in Tecumseh, Mich. Sera tested were collected from autumn of 1976 to autumn of 1978. The overall incidence rate for influenza C infection in the 2 year period was 7.8%. Most cases occurred in children aged 5 to 9 years, and the rates decreased rapidly with increasing age. There appeared to be no relationship to influenza C infection with influenza A or B coinfection. All 17 influenza C infections observed occurred during the 1976 to 1977 respiratory disease season. This indicates that type C virus may not occur endemically, but may exhibit year to-year variation in infection frequency, as is the case with types A and B. PMID- 7309850 TI - Extraction of group A streptococcal M protein with nitrous acid. AB - Specific precipitating and opsonic neutralizing antigens were identified in dilute-nitrous acid extracts of group A streptococci. This was done by decreasing the temperature and time of exposure of the streptococcal cells to the nitrous acid. Ninety percent of 31 strains of group A streptococcal dilute-nitrous acid extracts formed precipitin lines of identity with conventional Lancefield extracts of the same group A streptococci. PMID- 7309851 TI - Hospital cluster epidemic with Morganella morganii. AB - A cluster epidemic of 13 Morganella morganii infections involving 11 patients occurred over a 3-month period in 1977. This epidemic was unusual in that it involved four services and five hospital floors. The outbreak was effectively terminated when strict asceptic techniques were reinforced. PMID- 7309852 TI - Infection of a brain abscess of Mycoplasma hominis. AB - Persistent fever in a young man after evacuation of a subdural hematoma caused by a depressed skull fracture made it necessary to carry out a computerized tomographic exam of the head that demonstrated a left frontal lobe brain abscess. Mycoplasma hominis was recovered from this abscess as the sole infecting organism. Serial computerized tomographic scans showed resolution after aspiration and antibiotic therapy. PMID- 7309853 TI - Effect of moisture content of the medium on colony morphology of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. AB - Reduction in the moisture content of the medium produced a profound effect on the colony morphology of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. Fresh medium produced flat, grayfish, spreading colonies with an irregular shape and variety appearance. Plates that were incubated at 30 degrees C for 48 h produced round, convex, butyrous colonies with an entire edge. Plates incubated at 30 degrees C for 24 h before inoculation produced colonies of an intermediate nature; they were round and raised, but not convex, and slightly water or mucoid in nature. This marked effect produced by moisture content of the medium was reproducible and may account for the variation in colonies observed by other investigators. PMID- 7309854 TI - Effects of physiol and chemical factors on the viability of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. AB - Alternative methods of storing bovine fecal specimens for delayed culture of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was studied. Significant (P less than 0.05) losses of viability were sustained by storage at 23 degrees C for 10 days and by treatment with 0.03 Zephiran for 4 and 10 days. Losses were moderate after storage at -70 degrees C for 15 weeks but significant (P greater than 0.05) after storage at 23 degrees C for 4 days. The alternative methods were compared with the standard method of processing specimens upon receipt and after 2 days in transit. Fecal specimens from 18 cattle were cultured. PMID- 7309855 TI - Mycobacterium thermoresistibile: a new pathogen for humans. AB - The first evidence of the potential pathogenicity of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile is presented. This mycobacterium, initially identified as Mycobacterium gordonae, was isolated repeatedly from sputum, a bronchoscopy specimen. and later, an open lung biopsy. The distinctive characteristics are described, including the unique ability of the organism to grow at 52 degrees C. PMID- 7309856 TI - Enteric group 15 (Enterobacteriaceae) associated with pneumonia. AB - A gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fermentative rod belonging to enteric group 15 of Enterobacteriaceae was isolated in mixed culture from two patients with pneumonia. Both were elderly patients with chronic heart disease. PMID- 7309857 TI - The minimax problem of Personal Construct organization and schizophrenic thought disorder. AB - The minimax problem states that optimal construct organization involves two limiting levels of "too many" and "too few" available construct, dimensions for flexible, accurate discrimination of interpersonal events. Measures of thought disorder derived from personal construct theory, such as the Bannister-Fransella Grid, detect only "too many" constructs. The present study (N = 60) hypothesized that Ss with the least and most number of Functionally Independent Constructs (FIC) would evidence more thinking errors characteristic of a schizophrenic thought disorder than would Ss between the minimum and maximum groups. A grid form of the Role Construct Repertory Technique and the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST; Forms A & B) were administered to 60 psychiatric inpatients. FIC scores were used to assign the Ss to five levels of construct organization and WIST scores served as the dependent variable. Two WIST scores confirmed the experimental hypothesis. PMID- 7309858 TI - A test of the Broen-Storms theory of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. AB - Broen and Storms have developed a popular behavioristic theory to explain schizophrenic thought disorder. It holds that thought disorder results from schizophrenics' having higher drive levels and lower response-strength ceilings than non-schizophrenics. As a result, the strength of appropriate (usually strong) responses is rivaled by that of inappropriate, ordinarily-weak responses. This, in Broen and Storms' theory, is the cause of disorganized, schizophrenic behavior. We tested several hypotheses derived from Broen and Storms' assumptions that schizophrenics have higher drive and lower response strength ceilings than controls in a paired-associates learning study. We did not find support for our hypotheses that schizophrenics would show better early-trials learning than controls, that a presumably drive-inducing threat of pain would enhance early trials learning in schizophrenics or controls, that either threat of pain or schizophrenia would be associated with a low learning asymptote, or that either the positive or negative effects of pain would be accentuated in schizophrenics. The results did not support the theory. PMID- 7309859 TI - The post-acute functioning of the schizophrenic. AB - Assessed 44 chronic schizophrenic and 38 chronic nonschizophrenic patients recently discharged from psychiatric hospitals; symptoms as well as social and vocational functioning were evaluated. Results indicated that the recently discharged schizophrenics suffered more from social and vocational dysfunction than acute symptom distress. Furthermore, "neurotic-like" symptoms appeared to be more generally characteristic of this post-acute phase than psychotic symptoms. The nonschizophrenic sample differed in no significant respect from the schizophrenic group. Results were interpreted to support the concept of multidimensional outcome for schizophrenic psychopathology and to suggest that chronicity may be a syndrome in itself, characterized by performance deficit and neurotic-like symptoms, which transcends traditional diagnostic categories. PMID- 7309860 TI - The influence of stress upon symptom structure. AB - Evaluated the influence of stress on the factor structure of symptoms in a nonclinical population. A random sample of 299 persons in the process of divorcing were subdivided into those high and low on stressful life events. Separate factor analyses of symptoms for each group provided evidence that stress does affect symptom structure. Ruminative Depression was the only stable factor. Two anxiety factors from the low stress group merged into one factor among the high stressed, while agitated depression appeared only in the low stress condition. A factor suggestive of stress response syndrome was evident among the high stressed. PMID- 7309861 TI - Dimensions of construing in psychiatric patients. AB - Analysis of the perceptions of schizophrenics suggests that there are significant differences between their constructions of the social world and those of normal Ss. The development of heuristic classifications, such as "psychological" and "nonpsychological," has demonstrated some of the dimensions on which perceptual differences may exist. The results of this study (N = 170) suggest that simple heuristic classifications may obscure some of the complexity involved in the analysis of social perceptions. X PMID- 7309862 TI - A comparative analysis of primary anorexics and schizophrenics on the MMPI. AB - Although only a very small number of studies have described personality testing in primary anorexia nervosa (patients), they seem to suggest a deeper personality disturbance than commonly suggested by psychiatric interview. These results represent an attempt to define the contribution of psychological test data to differential diagnosis and personality organization in primary anorexia nervosa. Fourteen female schizophrenic and 14 female anorexic patients were compared on the MMPI. No significant differences were found on any of the validity or clinical scales. A product-moment correlation between the two profiles, obtained via a measure of distance between profiles, revealed remarkable similarities in their overall profiles (D2 = .83). The Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, Paranoia and Schizophrenia scales occupied the first five rankings for both groups (although in a different order) and were elevated over a T-score of 70 (for the anorexics, the Psychopathic Deviate scale score approached 70). The results are consistent with the few studies that utilized psychodiagnostic tests with anorexics and that point to extremely poor personality integration and to a more serious disorder than a neurotic disturbance. PMID- 7309863 TI - Self-efficacy expectancies, response-outcome expectancies, emotionally based expectancies, and their relationship to avoidant behavior and its reduction through therapy. AB - Investigated the relationship of four types of expectancy to snake avoidant behavior and its reduction through modeling. Response-outcome expectancies are beliefs about the consequences of a behavior; self-efficacy expectancies are beliefs about one's ability to perform the behavior. Intellectually based expectancies are views of oneself or the world that are perceived to be accurate representations of reality; emotionally based expectancies are views of oneself or the world that may be perceived as inaccurate or irrational by the person who holds them. Experiments I and II investigated the relationship of intellectually and emotionally based versions of both response-outcome expectancies and self efficacy expectancies to snake avoidant behavior. It was found that all four expectancy variables correlate significantly with behavior on a snake avoidance task. Self-efficacy expectancies are not clearly better predictors of behavior than are response-outcome expectancies. Experiment III found that all four variables are changed as a consequence of modeling. It was concluded that a four variable expectancy model is necessary to explain avoidant behavior. PMID- 7309864 TI - In vivo distraction-coping in the treatment of test anxiety. AB - Two groups (N = 19) of clinically test anxious college students received a common core treatment program of cognitive behavior therapy, progressive muscular relaxation training, and thermal biofeedback assisted relaxation training. The experimental group received an additional treatment component that consisted of in vivo distraction-coping training designed to facilitate focusing attentional processes onto task relevant variables and away from external distractors and dysfunctional self-statements. The overall efficacy of the program was demonstrated with reductions in test, trait and state anxiety, and increases in the rationality of personal belief systems. Performance on an anagram solution task conducted under highly distracting conditions and evaluative interactions was improved significantly, as was motoric performance on a manual dexterity task. In vivo distraction-coping was not found to result in more efficacious treatment as measured by self-report and performance variables. PMID- 7309865 TI - Purpose in life and occupational interest in a gerontological sheltered workshop. AB - Measured the concept of purpose-in-life and underlying occupational interests and aspirations of older men (N = 25) and women (N = 29) in a gerontological sheltered workshop. The relationship among the Purpose-in-Life Test, Vocational Preference Inventory, Will-to-Live scale, and demographic information, is explored. Findings, which include that the construct of purpose in life and vocational aspirations are poorly related for workshop participants, are discussed in terms of previous research. PMID- 7309866 TI - Changes in future time perception of day hospital psychiatric patients in response to small group treatment approaches. AB - Attempted to assess the effects of small group approaches on future time perception of psychiatric patients in a day hospital. The research employed two patient groups within the day hospital: A control group, (N = 12) which received routine day hospital treatment, and an experimental group, (N = 12) which received, in addition, the small group treatment. Measures of future time perception were administered to both groups before and after a 12-week treatment. Results indicated significant positive changes in response to group treatment on Future Events and the dimension of Importance. However, no positive significant differences were found on Time Extension, Directionality, and Quality of Affect. While it is not within the scope of this research to evaluate whether the secured change can be maintained, it was clear that in immediate posttesting important changes had resulted from the treatment strategy. PMID- 7309867 TI - A note on unwitting replication: quantitative studies of transference and resistance twenty years apart. AB - There are precious few quantitative studies of psychoanalytic variables, and fewer still replications of earlier works. When an opportunity presents itself to examine repetition of an experiment, especially when the similarity is unwitting, it should not go unreported. The recent work of Graff and Luborsky (1977), who published a quantitative study of transference and resistance variables, parallels the author's own earlier work (Rawn, 1958). The similarities between the two studies are remarkable given their complete independence and 20-year lag. Both studies achieved a successful quantification of transference and resistance in the sense of reaching adequate levels of statistical reliability and clarity of ratings. In addition, both showed statistically significant concordances of pattern identifications. PMID- 7309868 TI - The personality of clinical types: an empirically derived taxonomy. AB - Studied the development of a theory of multivariate personality styles that are considered to correspond to the character of specific diagnostic types. Theoretical descriptions of the personality styles of the hysteric, compulsive, character disorder, manic, and depressive were operationalized by predicting specific combinations of personality dimensions measured by previously validated personality measures. A test battery composed of scales hypothesized to operationalize these characteristics was administered to samples of male and female college students (N = 95). A short scale, the Multivariate Personality Inventory, was devised to measure these styles and was found to be reliable and to exhibit concurrent validity with the full test battery. A cluster analysis methodology isolated clusters of males and females who corresponded to the predicted profiles of the hypothesized personality styles. Strongest support was found for the female hysteric, the male and female compulsive, the female character disorder, and the male manic personality style. PMID- 7309869 TI - Additional data on the reliability and validity of the brief lists of the Depression Adjective Check Lists. PMID- 7309870 TI - The Matching Familiar Figures Test: a primary, secondary, and tertiary evaluation. AB - Analyzed the Matching Familiar Figures (MFF) Test, which has been employed by researchers to determine conceptual tempo, for potential use as a tool for the clinician. The literature indicates that the test is valid in terms of range and structural clarity of information provided. The psychological factors inherent in impulsivity are discussed, along with some significant implications of the MFF that justify its further development. Currently, the primary deficits are a lack of norms as well as an alternate form. Several crucial advantages of this test are listed that favor its use in a clinical environment. PMID- 7309871 TI - Factor structure of the Health Locus of Control Scale. AB - Examined the factor structure of the Health Locus of Control Scale in a group of domiciled veterans (N = 456). Results indicate that expectancies for health control are not distributed along the unidimensional continuum implied by the format of the scale. Instead, health locus of control appears to be at least bidimensional, with factors defined by internally and externally worded items. Alternative methods for scoring the scale that make use of factor score coefficients and for classifying Ss as "health-internals" and "Health-externals" are suggested. PMID- 7309872 TI - The use of a modified administrative procedure (MAP) for the Bender-Gestalt Test with schizophrenic patients and normals. AB - Advocated a modified procedure for administering the Bender Gestalt Test that involves administering the BG in a conventional way and, after a brief intervening period, a second administration with specific instructions to copy the BG designs exactly. Three subtypes of schizophrenia and a normal control group were studied: 25 paranoids, 25 chronic undifferentiated, 25 schizoaffectives, and 25 controls. Each schizophrenic subgroup demonstrated significant improvement in performance on the BG when the modified administrative procedure was employed. Some implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7309874 TI - Prediction of the WAIS-scores from the 1973 Henmon-Nelson revision. AB - Administered the 1973 revision of the Henmon-Nelson and the WAIS to 100 psychiatric patients. The correlation of Henmon-Nelson raw scores with WAIS Full Scale scaled score was .83, which compared favorably with correlations run between several other short IQ tests and the WAIS in similar samples drawn from the same setting in earlier studies. However, the Henmon-Nelson did not appear able to estimate the WAIS IQs of low-intelligence Ss or aged persons with consistent accuracy. The validities of short IQ tests and current practices in the selection of WAIS surrogates were discussed. PMID- 7309875 TI - Comparative validity of the verbal IQ as a short form of the WAIS. AB - Wildman and Wildman's (1977) conclusion concerning the effectiveness of the Verbal IQ as a Short Form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) was investigated further using the three Resnick and Entin criteria for validation. Influence of age and IQ range was controlled. In addition, the Verbal IQ was compared statistically with another six-subtest short form. The WAIS protocols of 100 psychiatric inpatients provided the basic data. Only for ages 18 to 44 and the IQ range of 90 and above were both short forms found to satisfy all three of the validity criteria. The Verbal IQ significantly overestimated the Full Scale IQ in the total sample, while the comparison short form significantly underestimated it. Correlations for both short forms with the standard WAIS were high. The Verbal IQ correctly classified 73% of the Ss in the Wechsler intelligence levels compared to 81% for the comparison WAIS abbreviation. The overall performance of the two forms was not significantly different. PMID- 7309873 TI - MMPI correlates of affective disorders. AB - Compared 24 unipolar depressives with 24 chronic intermittent depressives on the MMPI. The mean profiles did not differ significantly. However, an MMPI clinician was able to sort the profiles, at an above-chance level, into two groups. The rules for such classification are stated. The results are contrasted with the findings of significant differences between unipolar and bipolar depressives. The hypothesis is offered that unipolar and chronic depressives may not differ on severity of symptomatology. PMID- 7309876 TI - Test-retest reliability of the Wechsler Memory Scale, Form I. AB - Administered the Wechsler Memory Scale, Form I (WMS) twice to 34 normal Ss and 30 hospitalized patients with psychiatric or neurological disorders. In the normal group, the Memory Quotient (MQ) test-retest reliability was r(32) = .75, p less than .001. The mean retest gain in points was 7.2, median gain was 7, and range of gain was from -18 to +28. The increase in mean MQ over time was significant, t(33) = 3.95, p less than .001. In the psychiatric-neurological group, the MQ test-retest reliability was r(28) = .89, p less than .001. The mean retest gain points was 4, median gain was 4.5, and range of gain was from -12 to +23. The increase in mean MQ over time was significant, t(29) = 2.32, p less than .05. Although the WMS possesses acceptable psychometric reliability, the clinician must keep in mind that the MQ may change significantly over time for individual Ss. PMID- 7309877 TI - Comparison of verbal IQ, Tactual Performance, Seashore Rhythm and Finger Oscillation Tests in the blind and brain-damaged. AB - Presented a brief clinical report that compared the performance of blind patients (N = 60) with and without neurologic disorder on verbal subtests of the WAIS, Tactual Performance Test, Seashore Rhythm Test and Finger Oscillation Test. Results suggest that the tactual performance test is the most useful neuropsychologic measure in differentiating non-brain-damaged and brain-damaged blind patients. Results also suggest the possibility of limited recovery of right hemisphere functioning in blind, brain-damaged patients because of loss of visual input. PMID- 7309878 TI - Consistency among commonly used procedures for assessment of abnormal children. AB - Administered the Stanford-Binet and/or its downward extension the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale to 22 children in a school for severely behaviorally disordered boys and girls. Assessments also were made with the Vineland Social Maturity Scale and with a scale of language development. A subgroup of 17 children were assessed with Rimland's E-2 Scale, which is designed to assess the presence and degree of the condition of autism. Correlations among these commonly used assessment procedures are reported. Findings are discussed with respect to the construct validity of the tests and with respect to practical problems of implementation. Issues that concern the distinctiveness of specific classification dimensions and the heterogeneity of the syndrome of autism also are discussed. PMID- 7309880 TI - Patterns of disturbance in behaviorally maladjusted children and adolescents. AB - Factorially-based dimensions of disturbance in children vary markedly across adjusted and maladjusted subpopulations; hence, maladjusted children's behavior patterns must be assessed against dimensions of disturbance found among other maladjusted children. Within this context, 510 5- to 15-year-old children (viz., 307 boys and 203 girls) were identified as the significantly maladjusted segment of the random normative population for the revised Bristol Social Adjustment Guides (BSAG). Teacher's behavioral ratings of these children on the BSAG's core syndromes and associated item groupings were subjected to principal-components factor analysis with varimax rotation. Two dimensions emerged: The first, a unique bipolar continuum of generally overreactive vs. unforthcoming behavior; the second, a dimension of constricted socioemotional reactions. Tests for significance of exclusive syndromic variation further revealed that several of the BSAG's syndrome carry enough stable and distinct variance to warrant their consideration as specific qualities of disturbance among maladjusted children and adolescents. PMID- 7309879 TI - The body-image of physically abused and normal adolescents. AB - Compared the human figure drawings of physically abused adolescents with those of normal adolescents. The Draw-A-Person test was administered to 60 adolescents, 30 of whom were victims of physical abuse. Significant differences were found between the drawings of the two groups on six of the eight scoring criteria utilized. Significant DAP aspects included erasure, clothing, detail, fingers, symmetry and arm position. The drawings of the physically abused adolescents, taken as a whole, seemed to be indicative of poor body image with signs of insecurity, inadequacy, withdrawal, and interpersonal problems. PMID- 7309881 TI - A comparison of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Psychological Screening Inventory in a delinquent sample and a comparison group. AB - Administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI) to a group of technical college students (N = 100) who were taking trade training courses. The groups were similar in terms of age and socioeconomic status. A factorial analysis was performed on both of the resulting sets of intercorrelations, and two factors were found to account for over 85% of the variance in each group. The first factor was common to both groups and was labelled neuroticism. While the second factor in the delinquent group clearly could be seen to be extraversion, the second factor in the student group was not interpreted easily, but appeared to be a dimension that represented psychiatric and antisocial problems. PMID- 7309882 TI - The CIP battery: identification of depression in a juvenile delinquent population. AB - Delinquent adolescents (N = 32) aged 10-16 were given a battery of three psychometric measures to determine characteristics of depressive symptomatology, The CIP battery consisted of the Children's Depression Inventory the Nowicki Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale. On the three measures the delinquent adolescent sample showed evidence of reduced self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, and characteristically external locus of control orientation. Implications for identification and remediation using this battery are discussed. PMID- 7309884 TI - Personality evaluation of doctoral applicants: a survey of clinical psychology training directors. AB - The growing dissatisfaction with traditional criteria used to select doctoral applicants has led clinical faculties to consider alternative selection criteria, including the use of a formal personality evaluation. A survey of training directors of APA-approved clinical psychology programs was conducted to assess their opinions with regard to this proposal. The results showed that 75.3% of the respondents opposed the use of a personality evaluation. Opposition was based primarily on the applicant's right to privacy and the inadequacies of assessment alternatives. PMID- 7309885 TI - Differentiating roles of clinical and counseling psychology interns. AB - Asked 60 clinical psychology interns and 54 counseling psychology interns from 18 APA approved university training programs to complete a survey form that involved rating the amount of emphasis placed upon various roles, functions and duties at internship and university training programs. Supervisors of the interns at the respective internship settings completed analogous forms, rating their perception of the degree of emphasis placed upon various roles, functions and duties. The data were analyzed via stepwise discriminant analysis to determine whether some roles would be more typical to one specialty. Finally, suggestions were offered for the improvement of university training programs and for the conduct of further research on roles of the two specialties. PMID- 7309886 TI - Evaluation of clinical practice: forms of communication by which counselors receive self-evaluation information. AB - In a world with increasing demands for competent evaluation of counseling services, professional counselors are challenged to study and understand all facets of their unique methods of self-evaluation. This research report specifically discusses the type of communicated information used by counselors (N = 45) and suggests some improvements in self-evaluation based on the research results. The author discusses the use of behavioral, verbal cognitive and written communication because these types of information are used differentially to assess input or outcome of treatment. The sources of each form of information also are identified because this impacts the validity and reliability of self evaluative decisions. PMID- 7309883 TI - Sex, race, age, and education variables in Shipley-Hartford scores of alcoholic inpatients. AB - Administered the Shipley-Hartford Institute of Living Scale to 376 inpatients at a municipal hospital for the treatment of alcoholism. The results indicate that all of the independent variables under study-sex, race, age, and education - have a significant effect on one or more of the Shipley-Hartford scores. As these are considered extraneous variables whether the test is used to measure intelligence or organicity, group means ae provided as rough approximations to correct for bias. The results also provide some support for the validity of the Conceptual Quotient as an indication of organic impairment. PMID- 7309887 TI - Paraprofessional and patient assessment criteria of patients' recovery: why the discrepancy? AB - Explored paraprofessionals' and patients' assessment criteria of therapeutic goals, especially patient recovery, in light of the increased use of mental health paraprofessionals in mental health settings. Patients (N = 146) and psychiatric technicians at a large state mental hospital were asked to make evaluative judgments about patients. The judgments were composed of four global ratings and 22 items that concerned behavior or inferences about behavior. Results indicate that psychiatric technicians utilize a multidimensional hierarchal decision model, while patients utilize a unidimensional and undifferentiated evaluation framework. This incongruence could lead to problems for both patients and staff. PMID- 7309888 TI - Is copper hepatotoxic in primary biliary cirrhosis? AB - In primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) liver copper retention occurs as a complication of cholestasis. By analogy with Wilson's disease, it has been suggested that copper retention is hepatotoxic in PBC, and this has been the rationale for the use of D-penicillamine in this disease. The hypothesis that copper is hepatotoxic in PBC has not been tested and in this study we have evaluated the role of liver copper retention in the pathogenesis of PBC. Sixty four patients with PBC have been studied. Fifty-four had increased liver copper concentrations. Liver cell synthetic function was well preserved. All the patients had normal prothrombin times, and only two had subnormal serum albumin concentrations. There was no correlation between liver copper concentrations and the degree of liver cell damage assessed biochemically (aspartate transaminase), and histologically. Electron microscopy was performed on liver biopsies from five patients with markedly increased liver copper concentrations. The liver cell ultrastructure was compatible with cholestasis. Liver cells contained electron dense lysosomes, which were shown to contain copper and sulphur by x-ray probe microanalysis. The characteristic organelle changes associated with copper toxicity in Wilson's disease were not observed. The biochemical, histological, and histochemical differences between PBC complicated by liver copper retention, and Wilson's disease, indicates that there are differences in the handling of copper in these disease. In this study we could find no evidence to suggest that copper plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction in PBC. PMID- 7309889 TI - Quantitative study of the immunoglobulin-containing cells in trephine samples of bone marrow. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) was demonstrated in paraffin sections of 12 trephine bone marrow biopsies by means of the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The Ig-containing cells, which were counted with the Reichert-Jung (Kontron) MOP-AMO(3) user-controlled image-analyser, were found to constitute approximately 4.2% of all the nucleated cells in the marrow, a figure significantly higher than those reported by previous workers. PMID- 7309890 TI - Production of freeze-dried human antihaemophilic cryoprecipitate. AB - Concentration of factor VIII from fresh plasma by cryoprecipitation remains the basis for preparation of products used to treat haemophilia A. This paper describes the preparation of a factor VIII concentrate from small plasma pools in transfusion centres with drying facilities. The dried concentrate from one litre of plasma dissolves very well in 50 or 100 ml of distilled water and contains around 500 IU per bottle. The specific activity per mg protein is 0.19 IU and the fibrinogen concentration is half that in frozen cryoprecipitate. This method of drying causes no appreciable loss in the factor VIIIC activity and little denaturation as shown by the factor-VIII-related antigen/factor VIIIC ratio of 1.7. PMID- 7309891 TI - Amniotic fluid fluorescence polarisation values for assessing fetal lung maturation. AB - The fluorescence probe 1,6, diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene was used to determine the micro-viscosity of third trimester amniotic fluid samples utilising an Aminco Bowman spectrofluorometer fitted with a polariser prism. The results were related to the lecithin sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio. A fluorescence polarisation value of 0.360 corresponded to an L:S ratio of 2.0 in uncomplicated and diabetic pregnancies. Pregnancies complicated by Rhesus disease gave significantly different fluorescence polarisation values when compared with the uncomplicated pregnancies. PMID- 7309893 TI - Diffusion in gel-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-a new serological test for leptospirosis. AB - A new serological test, diffusion in gel-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG ELISA) was developed and compared with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. The results suggest that DIG ELISA is a viable alternative to the MAT because of its simplicity, sensitivity, versatility and potential for standardisation. PMID- 7309892 TI - Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in Paget's disease of bone, compared with neoplastic invasion of bone. AB - Urinary glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline excretion was studied in 11 patients with clear evidence of Paget's disease of bone. Urinary hydroxyproline, cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC)-precipitable uronic acid and CPC-precipitable hexosamine were expressed as ratios to urinary creatinine. Urine samples were concentrated x 1000 by vacuum dialysis and the glycosaminoglycans examined by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate followed by staining with alcian blue. All the cases studied showed markedly raised hydroxyproline excretion, whereas the uronic acid excretion was normal or only slightly raised in 10 of the 11 cases studied. One patient who had a raised uronic acid and raised hydroxyproline concentration was shown to have osteosarcoma as a complication of Paget's disease. THE VERY HIGH HYDROXYPROLINE: creatinine ratio in all cases of Paget's disease (mean 241.8 mmol hydroxyproline/mol creatinine) contrasted sharply with the cases of disseminated neoplasm, where the ratio was either normal or slightly raised (mean 29.3 mmol hydroxyproline/mol creatinine). The ratio of hydroxyproline to CPC-precipitable uronic acid was also markedly raised in cases of Paget's disease (mean 77.3 mmol hydroxyproline/mmol uronic acid) and was lower in the neoplastic group (mean 14.1 mmol hydroxyproline/mmol uronic acid) but showed no advantage over the hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio in differentiating the two groups. THE URINARY HYDROXYPROLINE: creatinine ratio promises to be of value in differentiating between Paget's disease of bone and neoplastic invasion of bone. A marked rise in CPC-precipitable uronic acid excretion alone is more suggestive of neoplastic invasion of bone, and if associated with a marked increase in hydroxyproline excretion, it raises the possibility of neoplastic change in Paget's disease of bone. The results of this study also suggest that bone collagen, rather than bone tissue in general, is primarily affected in Paget's disease. PMID- 7309894 TI - An on-line computer system for hospital bacteriology: description of its development and comments after five years' use. AB - The development over several years of a computer system for hospital bacteriology reporting is described. The system was developed from a manual method to a punch card batch processing system and finally to a real-time on-line system. The value of the system to the clinical departments and laboratory is discussed. Apart from minor defects the system has been of immense advantage to all who make use of its facilities. PMID- 7309896 TI - Ectopic vestigial lesions of the neck and shoulders. AB - A series of five vestigial lesions of the shoulder and back is reported. Their derivation is discussed and in four cases a branchial rather than a bronchial origin is favoured. The fifth case is held to represent skin involvement by thyroglossal duct elements. PMID- 7309895 TI - Effect of oxygen on the lungs after blast injury and burns. AB - In March 1979 there was an explosion in a coalmine in Lancashire. As a result three men were found dead down the mine and a further seven men, all with extensive burns, died between the third and thirteenth day after the explosion. The lungs were studied in all the cases. Pulmonary infection was the commonest cause of death. Despite high levels of oxygen being given to these seven men, only one case showed a focal intra-alveolar fibrosis. In this case the inspired oxygen requirement came down before death. The toxicity of oxygen in the short term management of patients with severe trauma is questioned. PMID- 7309897 TI - Myocardial fibre calcification. AB - Three cases of myocardial fibre calcification found at post-mortem examination are described. In one case there was antemortem hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia and the case was clearly an example of metastatic calcification. In the other two cases there was ischaemic myocardial necrosis and calcification was seen in fibres which were not overtly necrotic, but which were both in proximity to (the majority) and remote from the necrotic zones. Since renal failure with hyperphosphataemia was present in both cases, these were considered to be examples of augmented (by the hyperphosphataemia) dystrophic calcification. The histological, histochemical and ultrastructural features were identical in the three cases. Hydroxyapatite formation was observed initially in mitochondria, followed by spillage of crystals into the cytosol and ultimately into the interstitium. It is suggested that the fundamental lesion is a dysfunction of the fibre membrane; the similarity of this reaction with the calcification seen in skeletal muscle fibres in various myopathies is noted and a unifying hypothesis of the mechanism of skeletal and cardiac muscle fibre calcification is thereby suggested. PMID- 7309898 TI - Measurements of intestinal villi non-specific and ulcer-associated duodenitis correlation between area of microdissected villus and villus epithelial cell count. AB - Measurements of villus height, villus area, together with counts of epithelial cells in individual villi, were performed on endoscopic duodenal biopsies from five groups of patients: controls, ulcer-associated duodenitis, mild and severe non-specific (non-ulcerative) duodenitis, cimetidine healed ulcer-associated duodenitis and cimetidine healed non-specific duodenitis. The objectives of the study were two-fold: to establish if epithelial cell count correlated with simpler measurements of villus height or area; and to compare the findings in ulcer-associated and in non-specific duodenitis. Villus area correlated well with epithelial cell count per villus (r = 0.96); villus height correlated less well (r = 0.66). When compared with controls, there was a significant decrease in the epithelial cell count per villus in ulcer-associated and severe non-specific duodenitis, but this was confined to the visually inflamed area of the duodenal bulb. After healing of inflammation with cimetidine villus height, area, and epithelial cell count returned to values similar to those in controls. This study confirms that the effects of ulcer-associated and severe non-specific duodenitis on duodenal villi are identical. PMID- 7309900 TI - Multiple-dose phase I trials--normal volunteers or patients? One viewpoint. AB - Traditionally, Phase I tolerance trials have been done with normal volunteers to establish single- and multiple-dose tolerance. We feel that the justification for doing multiple-dose tolerance studies in normals is open to question and that, in fact, more pertinent data can be generated by using the appropriate patient populations for these studies. PMID- 7309899 TI - Comparison of the Dicopac with the conventional Schilling test. PMID- 7309901 TI - Impairment of digoxin clearance by coadministration of quinidine. AB - Seven healthy volunteers received a single 1.0-mg dose of intravenous digoxin in a drug-free control trial and again during concurrent therapy with therapeutic doses of quinidine. Digoxin kinetics were determined from multiple serum digoxin concentrations measured during 72 hours after dosage. Compared to the control state, quinidine coadministration reduced mean digoxin volume of distribution (15.1 vs. 12.4 l./kg), prolonged its elimination half-life (47.7 vs. 75.7 hours), and significantly reduced total clearance (6.06 vs. 2.18 ml/min.kg). Both renal and extrarenal digoxin clearances were impaired by quinidine. In nine cardiac patients receiving long-term digoxin therapy (0.25 mg twice daily), quinidine coadministration elevated mean morning digoxin levels from 1.37 to 2.0 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) and evening levels from 1.44 to 1.97 ng/ml (N.S.). If digoxin concentrations at the site of action are increased by quinidine, the interaction is likely to be of clinical importance in many patients. PMID- 7309902 TI - Absorption, biotransformation, and pharmacokinetics of salicylsalicylic acid in humans. AB - The absorption, biotransformation, and pharmacokinetics of the antiinflammatory drug salicylsalicylic acid (SSA) were studied. Healthy adult males received 1000 mg SSA and 1300 mg aspirin according to a crossover design either as a single oral dose (12 subjects) or three times a day for five days (4 subjects). A newly developed, high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay permitted selective, direct measurement of SSA in the presence of high concentrations of salicylic acid, one of its metabolites. Following a single dose, SSA was promptly absorbed (mean time to peak level 1.5 hour) and was eliminated from plasma with a mean half-life of 1.1 hour. Less than 1 per cent was excreted in the urine as unchanged SSA. SSA did not accumulate in the plasma during multiple dosing. Plasma levels of salicylic acid following single and multiple doses of SSA indicate that SSA is extensively hydrolyzed to salicylic acid in the body. The slightly lower levels of salicylic acid after SSA than after aspirin may reflect direct biotransformation of some of the SSA to an SSA conjugate, without hydrolysis to salicylic acid. PMID- 7309903 TI - Dyphylline elimination kinetics in lactating women: blood to milk transfer. AB - A population of 20 normal lactating females between the ages of 20 and 35 years was treated with a single 5 mg/kg intragluteal dose of dyphylline, 7-(2,3 dihydroxypropyl)theophylline. The distribution of the drug between blood and milk and its pharmacokinetics of elimination were determined. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of dyphylline was found to be 0.505 +/- 0.162 l./kg, the elimination rate constant (Kel) was 0.228 +/- 0.055 hr-1, the biological half life (t1/2) was 3.21 +/- 0.76 hr, and the total body clearance (CI) was 0.109 +/- 0.036 l./kg/hr. The ratio described by dyphylline distribution between milk and serum (M/S) was 2.08 +/- 0.52. The elimination rate from milk was equivalent to that from blood. PMID- 7309904 TI - Lincomycin serum and saliva concentrations after intramuscular injection of high doses. AB - Serum and saliva levels of lincomycin were determined in 15 normal adult male volunteers after a single intramuscular injection of 600, 1000, or 1500 mg lincomycin in a three-way crossover study. The area under the serum concentration time curve did not increase in proportion to the increase in dose. The increase in concentration of lincomycin in saliva was greater than expected for the increase in dose. There were not significant differences in elimination half-life between doses. These results suggest that the apparent clearance of lincomycin increases with increasing dose possibly because of a decrease in serum protein binding of lincomycin at high serum concentrations. PMID- 7309905 TI - Effects of chronic prazosin treatment on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in man. AB - The effects of chronic prazosin treatment (3 mg/day for three weeks) on plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) levels were evaluated in 12 hypertensive patients, under conditions of metabolic balance. After three weeks of drug administration no significant change occurred in PRA as well as PA levels, with respect to pretreatment values, both in basal conditions and following 2 hours of ambulation. No change was observed in heart rate, while a fall in both systolic (P less than 0.02) and diastolic (P less than 0.05) blood pressure occurred in supine as well as in deambulation-stimulating condition. A mild increase in body weight (P less than 0.05) and a decrease in serum sodium (P less than 0.05) was induced by prazosin treatment. These findings are in keeping with the pharmacologic properties of prazosin, which is a selective blocker of postsynaptic alpha adrenoreceptors and therefore lowers vascular resistance without reflex sympathetic overactivity. The moderate volume expansion after prazosin does not appear to be aldosterone mediated. PMID- 7309906 TI - Influence of kaolin-pectin suspension on steady-state plasma digoxin levels. AB - The effect of a kaolin-pectin antidiarrheal mixture on steady-state plasma levels of orally administered digoxin in subjects receiving chronic digoxin therapy was evaluated when the antidiarrheal and the cardiac glycoside were given concomitantly and when two doses of antidiarrheal were given, one 2 hours before and the other 2 hours after digoxin. Although simultaneous administration of both products decreased peak digoxin levels by 36 per cent, 24-hour areas under the curve were reduced by only 15 per cent, indicative of a slight decrease in digoxin bioavailability. In contrast, when their times of administration were separated by 2 hours, no evidence of a drug interaction was noted. Hence, the effect of one or two doses of kaolin-pectin suspension on steady-state plasma levels of digoxin appears inconsequential in patients on chronic digoxin therapy. Saliva levels were poorly correlated with plasma levels, presumably because of complexation in the oral cavity. PMID- 7309907 TI - A theory of reading. AB - This article presents an explanatory model of reading competence, correlating different levels of linguistic, procedural, and neurological description in an information-processing paradigm. The overall design is an orthographic-to phonological base form coding, differentiated lexical access, syntactic structural derivation by means of an analysis-by-synthesis algorithm, and optional phonological and semantic interpretive processes at the level of syntactic surface structure. The model seeks to integrate and explain a representative sample of experimental phenomena. Major conclusions are that intact simultaneous functioning and awareness of abstract linguistic entities are necessary elements in the development of adult reading competence. PMID- 7309908 TI - Multidimensional scaling analysis of communicative disorders by race and sex in a mid-south public school system. AB - During the past decade, there was renewed interest in determining the prevalence of communicative disorders. Reasons for this interest were to better understand personnel resources and utilization and cultural differences and dynamics. The purpose of this study was to obtain demographic data on the prevalence of communicative disorder is the Nashville public schools. From administrative sources, 2.88% of the population manifested primary handicaps in the broad categories of speech, language, and hearing. Of the overall percentage, the several disorders accounted for 86.3%, 9.0% and 4.7% of the handicaps. Prevalence figures for race were proportional to their incidence in the population; differences noted were qualitative rather than quantitative. The data further indicated that sex was independent of handicaps, but the incidence of disorders for males was much greater than females and was statistically significant PMID- 7309909 TI - The verbal environment provided by hearing mothers for their young deaf children. AB - A quantitative and qualitative analysis was made of the speech directed by three hearing mothers to their young deaf children. Each mother spoke in short sentences that were usually grammatically complete, used a repetitious and restrictive vocabulary, and repeated her own utterances far more frequently than do mothers of hearing children. The mothers missed many opportunities for involving their children in verbal interaction. This, as well as the differences in speech patterns found among the mothers, is discussed. PMID- 7309910 TI - Children's use of four semantic cases in tow conditions. AB - The production of agent + action + object + locative relations by 3;6- and 5;6-yr old normal children and language-disordered children was investigated These utterances were produced after children observed object manipulation or while copying object manipulation. The results indicated a developmental trend in the use of case relations. The manipulation task enhanced the use of case relations by the language-disordered group, whereas the observation task was more effective (or equally effective) for the normal groups. PMID- 7309912 TI - Improving listening in the elementary grades. AB - A single stratagem was taught to 36 students: 12 each in the second grade, the fourth grade, and the sixth grade, to improve their listening skills. The basic six stratagem taught the children how to ask who, what, when, where, why, and how questions. The children were seen three times a week in groups of six. The results of a pre - post test showed statistically significant improvement for the children in the listening program. The second-grade group showed an average improvement of 3.92 correct answers, a 23% improvement. The fourth-grade group showed an average improvement of 5.75 correct answers, a 23% improvement. The sixth-grade group showed an average improvement of 4.55 correct answers, a 12% improvement. Their classmates in the fourth and sixth grades, who also took the pre - post test, show no improvement in their pre - post test scores. The second grade classroom children showed a significant improvement of 1.55 correct answers, which was a 9% improvement. The listening skills of children in the elementary grades can be improved through a direct teaching of a specific stratagem in a small group setting. PMID- 7309911 TI - Instrumentation and validity for direct-readout voice onset time measurement. AB - Methods and instrumentation for direct readout of voice onset time (VOT) are presented along with sample measurements for three subjects. Mean VOT and intrasubject variability are compared with data obtained from wide-band spectrograms. The results suggest that the instrumentation described yields VOT values comparable to those obtained from wide-band spectrograms. Implications for diagnosis are discussed and research needs are identified. PMID- 7309913 TI - Quantitative study of synapse formation in the duck olfactory bulb. AB - Synaptic emergence and development in the duck olfactory bulb was quantitatively studied by electron microscopy from the 14th day of incubation (E 14) to the adult stage. Overall synaptic density in this bulb grew considerably during the last weeks of embryonic life and the first postnatal week. The pattern of synaptic density development was similar in the four main architectonic layers of the bulb. However, lower density values were observed in the mitral and inner granule cell layers. In the glomerular layer (GL), axodendritic synapse density was always higher than dendrodentritic synapse density. In the external plexiform layer, most synapses were dendrodendritic and were established between the gemmules of the granule cells (GC) and the dendrites of the mitral cells (MC) or tufted cells (TC). Synapses established by MC and TC on GC gemmules, or by GC on MC and TC dendrites had densities very similar to each other at all the stages studied. Reciprocal synapses already appeared at E 14; their density grew until a week after birth (P7) and thereafter remained stable. In the internal granular layer, the density of asymmetrical synapses was always higher than that of symmetrical synapses. Excitatory synapses formed earlier on MC and TC than inhibitory synapses. The ratio of inhibitory-to-excitatory synapses rose rapidly after birth, reaching 2.5 in the adult duck. The density of excitatory synapses received by granule cells was as high in the external plexiform layer as in the inner granule layer, at all stages of GC development. However, the ratio of received-to-formed synapses fell in these cells from 8.42 at E 14 to 2 after birth. These results are discussed as a function of the evolution of the different synaptic balances during olfactory bulb development. Synaptic development in the duck olfactory bulb at birth is relatively close to the adult state. It appears sufficiently advanced to enable the olfactory system to function in a way compatible with the relatively independent behavior displayed by the duckling. PMID- 7309914 TI - Morphologically distinct classes of inhibitory synapses arise from the same neurons: ultrastructural identification from crossed vestibular interneurons intracellularly stained with HRP. PMID- 7309915 TI - Morphological study of noradrenaline innervation in the caudal raphe nuclei with special reference to fine structure. AB - Previous histofluorescence studies have demonstrated that the caudal raphe nuclei (CRa) of the rat, particularly the ventral portion (VCRa), contains a very high density of noradrenaline (NA) terminals and in the present study we attempted to elucidate the origins and free structure of the NA terminals in this region. The majority of NA terminals found in the VCRa originated from A1 and A3 NA neurons and disclosed that a small number of very strongly fluorescent fibers located along the blood vessels arise from the superior cervical ganglion (SGC). Electron microscopic analysis after potassium permanganate fixation demonstrated that the NA terminals originated from A1 and A3 NA neurons are connected with neuronal elements, while NA fibers from the SGC were identified among the vascular elements. Axodendritic contacts were found to be predominant among the synapselike contacts of NA terminals in this area. PMID- 7309916 TI - Pulpal axons in developing, mature, and aging feline permanent incisors. A study by electron microscopy. AB - The ingrowth, maturation, and aging of pulpal axons was followed by electron microscopy in permanent mandibular incisors of 44 cats aged 35 days-11 years. The first axons entered the incisor pulps about 2 months after birth. Cells resembling Schwann cells, but lacking an axonal relation, were also observed at this time. Axonal ingrowth and maturation continued until 7 months, when the pulps contained 92-394 axons, 81-88% of which were unmyelinated. Between month 7 and 20 months the character of the incisor pulpal axons remained largely unchanged. In adult cats the myelinated pulpal axons had diameters of 1-6 micrometer. The relation between the number of myelin lamellae and the axon size correlated better with linear + logarithmic than linear functions. The g-ratios were higher than in most peripheral nerves, and tended to increase with axon diameter. In the old adult this tendency was more evident and the g-ratios were generally lower. From 3 years on the incisors displayed various age-related or pathological alterations. These were accompanied by axonal changes and axon loss. In contrast to earlier stages perineuriumlike sheaths were frequent in old teeth. The findings are discussed in relation to axon development in the inferior alveolar nerve and in primary incisor pulps. PMID- 7309917 TI - Developmental growth and degeneration of pulpal axons in feline primary incisors. AB - The life history of pulpal axons in primary mandibular incisors was examined by light and electron microscopy in 56 kittens aged from 25 days postconception to 120 days after birth. Cells resembling Schwann cells preceded the first arrival of pulpal axons, 1 week postnatally. myelination was initiated during the second week. Two months after birth the incisors were fully grown and each pulp contained about 100 axons. Between 10 and 20% of these were myelinated and ranged in size from 1 to 5 micrometer. The relation between number of myelin lamellae and axon size appeared nonlinear and differed markedly from that in similarly sized inferior alveolar nerve axons. During the third month many unmyelinated axons showed signs of degeneration. With progress of root resorption an increasing proportion of both unmyelinated and myelinated axons degenerated. In highly resorbed incisors necrotic Schwann cells were associated with degenerating axons and there was a generalized pulpal tissue reaction. In some teeth with advanced root resorption pulpal axons were lacking. A progressive derangement of all pulpal tissue elements continued until shedding during the second half of the fourth month. In incisor nerve branches below the incisor teeth axon degeneration was very limited. PMID- 7309918 TI - Alterations in cerebellar germinal cell division induced by graft-versus-host disease. AB - A systemic immunological syndrome, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which does not cause inflammation or cell death in the cerebellum, is shown to retard granule cell production by decreasing the rate of DNA synthesis (S phase) and prolonging mitosis (M), at metaphase. The rate of cell production in diseased animals at postnatal day 14, quantitated by analysis of the rate of labeling of DNA with 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr), revealed decreased ability to synthesize new DNA. The number of cells taking up 3H-Tdr label per mm2, as detected by autoradiography, was similar in 14-day-old GVHD and control tissue as was the area of the germinal matrix zone and the number of mitotically active germinal cells per mm2 in sagittal sections near the midline. However, because the total volume of the cerebellum was less, the total number of mitotically active cells in the whole cerebellum of 11-, 14-, and 17-day-old diseased animals was less than in littermate controls. Furthermore, DNA synthesis per mitotically active germinal cell was less in diseased animals at each age examined. The mitotic index was unaffected until late in the disease (day 17), suggesting that a prolongation of the cell cycle was responsible for this GVHD-induced decrease in DNA synthesis. Consistent with a prolongation of the cell cycle was the finding that the mitotic figures in 14-day-old GVHD cerebella were mostly metaphase figures, whereas those in control cerebella were, as predicted, mostly prophase. Prolongation of the cerebellar cell cycle in 11- and 14-day-old diseased animals may explain the dramatic decrease in the mitotic index, the thickness of the germinal matrix zone, and the number of germinal cells at postnatal day 17. PMID- 7309919 TI - Target dependency of developing motoneurons in Xenopus laevis. AB - The effect of complete and partial limb bud removal on motoneuron survival was studied in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Amputation of both hind limb buds at stage 49 before limb innervation begins caused the subsequent death of all motoneurons. This result confirms that there are no exceptions to the rule that developing motoneurons must contact the limb to survive. Partial removals of the limb at early stages of innervation caused the subsequent death of motoneurons that normally project to the deleted segments while motoneurons for the remaining segments survived. Before dying, the motoneurons deprived of their normal targets invaded the remaining limb segments thereby forming erroneous projections. Since the motoneurons died despite contacting limb tissue, it is concluded that they must be dependent on contact with specific limb regions and that errors of projection lead to death. Since large-scale errors of the type induced by this experiment affect only a minority of developing motoneurons in normal embryos, the possibility of small-scale errors is discussed in an attempt to equate all naturally occurring motoneuron death with error correction. PMID- 7309920 TI - The dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the normal ferret and its postnatal development. AB - The anterograde transport of 3H proline and of horseradish peroxidase has been used to study the retinogeniculate pathway in normal adult ferrets and in young ferrets during postnatal development. the lateral geniculate nucleus in adults shows a characteristic "carnivore" pattern, with layers A, A1, C, C1, C2, and C3, and a medial interlaminar nucleus recognizable either cytoarchitectonically or on the basis ofth retinogeniculate innervation. In addition, there is a well defined, rather large perigeniculate nucleus. At birth the lateral geniculate nucleus is unlaminated and essentially all parts are reached by afferents from both eyes. The crossed component is by far the larger. It extends from the optic tract medially well into the perigeniculate field, in contrast to the uncrossed component which barely reaches the perigeniculate field. During the first 3 postnatal days the uncrossed fibers restrict their arbors to a small posterior and medial region, the precursor of the biocular segment of the nucleus. The crossed fibers gradually retreat from the region within which the uncrossed fibers have concentrated. Between the fourth and eighth postnatal days the field occupied by the ipsilateral component expands again to form a major focus that will define lamina A1 and a minor focus that will define C1. At this stage the crossed and the uncrossed fibers overlap at the borders of lamina A1 and the whole region of lamina C1 is also occupied by arbors of the crossed component. The perigeniculate field becomes clearly distinguishable from the lateral geniculate nucleus and the medial interlaminar nucleus is becoming clearly recognizable between days 3 and 8. Between days 8 and 15 the cytoarchitectonic borders between layers A and A1 become clearly defined, but the retinogeniculate axons from each eye still extend across this border. These axons retreat into their appropriate lamina after the 15th postnatal day an the nucleus reaches its essentially adult structure by about the fourth postnatal week. Segregation of retinofugal axons in the C layers occurs after segregation in the A layers, but many of the cells within the C layers show signs of cytological maturity earlier than those of the A layers. The nucleus undergoes a series of migrations and changes of shape as the ipsilateral and contralateral components become segregated. Whereas in teh newborn the nucleus is roughly comma-shaped and on the lateral aspect of the dorsal thalamus, in the adult it is "L"-shaped and mainly on the posterior aspect of the dorsal thalamus. PMID- 7309921 TI - Afferent sources of a lateral midbrain tegmental zone associated with the pinnae in the cat as mapped by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - A paralemniscal zone in the lateral midbrain tegmentum of the cat has been identified in a possible pathway from the superior colliculus to the facial nucleus that may control pinna movements (Henkel and Edward, '78). Other brainstem afferent projections to this paralemniscal zone have been mapped in the present study using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing method and are discussed in three groups. First, potential sources of auditory afferents were limited mainly to the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus, the nucleus sagulum, and the dorsomedial periolivary cell group. Labeled cells in other superior olivary regions and the dorsal cochlear nucleus were apparently related to uptake of horseradish peroxidase from the axons of the lateral lemniscus. Second, afferents from several premotor regions involved in aspects of gaze control were identified. These were mainly from the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and adjacent pontine reticular formation, but also included projections from the medial vestibular an abducens nuclei and possibly subthalamic regions such as the zona incerta and fields of Forel. Third, a relatively large group of midbrain afferents was closely related to the origin of the collicular projection to the paralemniscal zone. This group consisted of labeled cells in the periaqueductal gray matter, nucleus cuneiformis, and pretectum. The relatively sparse labeling in auditory regions that projected to the paralemniscal zone seems to indicate that the sensorimotor integration necessary to guide pinna movements does not take place primarily in the lateral midbrain tegmentum. The interaction of gaze related sources with the pinna-related pathway is also discussed. PMID- 7309922 TI - Orderly anomalous retinal projections to the medial geniculate, ventrobasal, and lateral posterior nuclei of the hamster. AB - Experiments were performed to determine (1) under what conditions early brain surgery can cause sensory afferents to the thalamus to form connections at abnormal thalamic sites and (2) the extent to which such ectopic projections are receptotopically organized. In newborn Syrian hamsters, two of the retina's principal synaptic targets, the superior colliculus and dorsal lateral genicultae nucleus, were destroyed, respectively, by a direct lesion and by retrograde degeneration following a lesion of the occipital cortex. In th same brains, alternative terminal space for the retinofugal axons was made available in auditory (medical geniculate) or somatosensory (ventrobasal)thalamic nuclei by lesions of ascending auditory or somatosensory pathways, respectively; additional terminal space was made in the lateral posterior nucleus by degeneration of afferents from the superior colliculus. The projections of the contralateral retina were traced in neonatally operated adults by making one or two small peripheral retinal lesions and intraocular injections of 3H-proline 5 days and 1 day, respectively, prior to sacrifice. The neonatal surgery reliably produced anomalous crossed retinal projections to the partially deafferented structures. These projections terminate preferentially at the nuclear surfaces. Computer reconstructions from serial sections demonstrated several signs of spatial order suggestive of receptotopic organization in the anomalous retinothalamic projections. In order of increasing stringency, these signs (which are not mutually exclusive) are: (1) In each nucleus, a restricted retinal sector gives rise to a limited part of the abnormal projection. (2) In each nucleus, different parts of the retina give rise to different parts of the anomalous projection. (3) In each nucleus, there is more or less consistent polarity of the anomalous connection. Each small retinal sector appears to be represented along a "line of projection" in each of its abnormal thalamic targets, as it normally is in the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei and in the superior colliculus. In some brains, some of the abnormal projections produce only a partial representation of the retina. However, in a single animal, a retinal sector not represented in the anomalous projections to one nucleus can contribute to the abnormal connections with another nucleus. In additional experiments, and attempt was made to direct developing auditory and somatosensory fibers normally terminating in the medial geniculate and ventrobasal nuclei, respectively, to anomalous thalamic targets. The axons were deprived of some of their normal thalamic sites of termination and alternative terminal space was made available in another thalamic sensory nucleus. These experiments failed to produce reliable evidence of ectopic auditory or somatosensory thalamic projections. PMID- 7309923 TI - 3H-thymidine long survival autoradiography as a method for dating the time of neuronal origin in the chick embryo: the locus coeruleus and cerebellar Purkinje cells. AB - Contrary to previous assumptions, we have found that a single dose of 3H thymidine (25 muCi), injected into the yolk sac of White Leghorn chick eggs on 2 days of incubation (d.i.) only remains available for DNA-synthesizing (proliferating) cells for 48 hours following the time of injection. This finding now makes it possible to date the time of neuronal origin in the avian embryo using a single injection of isotope and a long survival time (30 days posthatch) as in mammalian studies where 3H-thymidine is only available as a short "pulse." Using this method, we have determined that neurons in the chick locus coeruleus (LC) cease proliferation on 2-6 d.i. with a peak of neuronal genesis on 3-5 d.i. In addition, neuronal genesis is not homogeneous throughout the LC cell population, but occurs in a predominantly caudorostral gradient. Conversely, the cerebellar Purkinje cells cease division on 3-8 d.i. with a peak of heavy labeling on 4-6 d.i., 1 day later than that observed in the LC. PMID- 7309924 TI - Histopathological reactions an axonal regeneration in the transected spinal cord of Hibernating squirrels. AB - The failure of axonal regeneration in the transected spinal cord of mammals has been attributed to many factors, including an intrinsic lack of regenerative capacity of mature CNS neurons, mechanical obstruction of axonal elongation by glial-connective tissue scars, necrosis of spinal tissue resulting in cavitation, lack of trophic influences sufficient to sustain outgrowth, and contact inhibition resulting from the formation of aberrant synapses. Assessment of te relative importance of each of these factors requires animal models in which one or more of these pathological processes can be eliminated. We therefore examined the effects of spinal transection in the hibernating animal because, during hibernation, collagen formation is depressed while nerve regeneration and slow axonal transport are maintained. Midthoracic spinal transections were performed in hibernating ground squirrels and the spinal cords were examined histologically 1-6 months later. The lesion site was composed primarily of a loose accumulation of macrophages and showed minimal glial and collagenous scarring, or cavitation. There was extensive regeneration of intrinsic spinal cord and dorsal root fibers. These axons grew to the margin of the lesion where they turned abruptly and continued growing along the interface between the lesion and the spinal cord. We conclude (1) that mammalian spinal-cord neurons have considerable regenerative potential; (2) that such mechanical impediments as collagenous and glial scarring, cyst formation, and cavitation cannot provide the sole explanation of why regeneration in the mammalian CNS is abortive; and (3) that specific physical and chemical properties of the cells in the environment of the growth cone regulate the extent and orientation of regenerative axonal outgrowth. PMID- 7309925 TI - Visual preferences of imprinted ducklings are altered by the maternal call. AB - This study determined whether the visual characteristics of a familiar (imprinted) model or the auditory characteristics of the species maternal call are more important in determining the maternal preferences of visually imprinted ducklings. Domestic mallard (Peking) ducklings were visually imprinted to a stuffed model of a mallard duck during a 30-min following trial at 24 hr after hatching. Simultaneous choice tests between the familiar mallard model and an unfamiliar red-and-white striped box at 48 hr and 72 hr confirmed the efficacy of the imprinting procedure: When both models were silent, subjects preferred to follow the familiar mallard model. However, when a recording of the mallard maternal assembly call was played from a speaker mounted inside the red box, subjects imprinted to the mallard preferred to follow the unfamiliar box rather than the familiar mallard model (Experiment 1). That preference was not due merely to the audiovisual stimulation provided by athe box, since when a recording of intermittent tones was played from the mallard model, subjects imprinted to the mallard still preferred to follow the red box emitting the mallard call (Experiment 2). Playing only the tones from the red box disrupted the stability of the subjects' imprinted preferences between the first and second tests but did not produce a preference for the box (Experiment 3). These results show that the mallard maternal call is more important than visual experience with an inanimate model in determining the maternal preferences of visually imprinted Peking ducklings. PMID- 7309926 TI - Homeostatic regulation and Pavlovian conditioning in tolerance to amphetamine induced anorexia. AB - A series of experiments on the role of Pavlovian processes in tolerance to amphetamine-induced anorexia in rats was conducted. In Experiment 1A, tolerance to the suppressant effect of d-amphetamine (4.0 mg/kg) on milk consumption was substantially diminished in an environment not previously associated with drug administration. Experiment 1B supported the interpretation that Pavlovian compensatory conditioning rather than a nonassociative mechanism mediated this phenomenon. Experiment 2 examined the hypothesis that "contingent tolerance" results from an inadvertent manipulation of Pavlovian cues. As in previous research, tolerance was contingent in that it did not develop if the rats were not exposed to food under the influence of the drug. Tolerance developed only if access to food occurred under the influence of amphetamine, but as in Experiment 1A, it was substantially diminished in an environment not previously associated with drug administration. Thus, tolerance to amphetamine-induced anorexia was shown to be both contingent on previous experience with food in the drugged state and subject to Pavlovian control. No current explanation for the occurrence of contingent tolerance or for the control of tolerance by Pavlovian processes can at once account for both of these findings. Experiment 3 confirmed the hypothesis that interaction with the food stimulus would be necessary to extinguish tolerance. This finding is also problematic for any current behavioral theory of tolerance. It is proposed that interaction with food is necessary for the homeostatic regulation of disturbances in eating caused by amphetamine. When activated, this regulatory process operates by means of Pavlovian conditional compensatory processes. PMID- 7309927 TI - Morphine tolerance in rats: congruence with a Pavlovian paradigm. AB - Evidence for associational and nonassociational mechanisms of tolerance development was found in four experiments using an automated flinch/jump assessment of morphine's analgesic effects. Rats receiving morphine in a distinctive environment displayed greater tolerance when tested in that environment than animals receiving equal but unpaired exposure to the drug and environment. This context effect occurred at low (5 mg/kg) and moderate (20 mg/kg) doses and was attenuated by predrug exposure to the tolerance-test environment. This attenuation was found to be due to latent inhibition rather than to stress induction or novelty reduction. In general, results of this series of experiments support a Pavlovian model of contextually mediated tolerance and are inconsistent with other explanations. PMID- 7309929 TI - Prolactin-steroid influences on the thermal basis for mother-young contact in Norway rats. AB - Norway rat dams have a chronic elevation in core temperature throughout the first 2 wk postpartum, a situation that makes them vulnerable to a further, acute rise in body temperature during contact with their young. Prolactin appears to contribute to the chronic elevation of maternal temperature, probably by stimulating the secretion of progesterone, which then elevates the maternal thermal set point. PMID- 7309930 TI - Environmental constraints on motor abilities used in grooming, swimming, and eating by decorticate rats. AB - In a number of successive tests, grooming, swimming, and eating behaviors of decorticate rats were reexamined by evoking the behaviors in various circumstances (stimulus conditions). The rats showed normal-length grooming sequences during spontaneous home cage grooming; when grooming was elicited by removing the rats from their home cage and soaking their fur by a brief swim, grooming-sequence length was abbreviated. In cold (18 degrees C) water, they swam well and with exaggerated vigor and frequently inhibited forelimb movements; in warm (37 degrees C) water, they swam poorly and paddled with all four limbs. To eat small pieces of food, they sat up and used their forepaws as do normal rats, but they frequently dropped the food; they did not use their forepaws to eat large pieces of food. When given powdered food, they first tried to grasp it in their mouth while they scratched at the floor surface with their front limbs; thereafter, they became increasingly proficient in licking it up. Thus, in a narrow range of stimulus conditions, decorticate rats can make movements resembling those of normal rats. They also improve with practice in some (eating powdered food) but not other (forepaw immobility, eating large food pellets) tasks. The study shows that in order to elucidate the role of the cortex in control of motor behavior, it is necessary to obtain "behavior profiles" of each behavior by testing the animals repeatedly and under widely varying test conditions. PMID- 7309931 TI - Habituation of startle response, lick suppression, and exploratory behavior in rats with hippocampal lesions. AB - Rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions and controls with neocortical lesions were compared on the habituation of lick suppression and startle response. The animals with hippocampal lesions showed no consistent differences from controls on any measure within these two response systems. Importantly, the rats with hippocampal lesions showed significant retention of habituation over periods of 24 hr and 21 days. Experimental and control differences were not revealed when stimulation was presented on a 1-sec interstimulus interval. None of these results varied with the extent of the hippocampal lesions, which ranged from relatively small lesions restricted to the dorsal hippocampus to large lesions that damaged the hippocampus in its dorsal, posterior, and ventral aspects. In contrast to the startle response and lick suppression results, hippocampal lesions significantly disrupted Y-maze exploratory behavior, and the disruption was directly related to the extent of hippocampal damage. The data suggest that the hippocampus is not involved in any important way in the control of either short-term or long-term habituation of elicited, reflex-like behaviors but is importantly involved in the control of emitted, exploratory behaviors. PMID- 7309928 TI - Cholinergic influences on estrogen-dependent sexual behavior in female rats. AB - The ability of cholinergic agents to influence hormone-dependent sexual behavior in female rats was examined. In the first experiment, female sexual behavior, indicated by the incidence of lordosis, was significantly increased in estrogen treated female rats following bilateral infusion of a cholinergic receptor agonist, carbachol (.5 microgram/cannula), into the medial preoptic area of the brain. Infusion of an artificial cerebrospinal fluid vehicle failed to facilitate lordosis. The incidence of lordosis was normally highest 15 min after carbachol infusion, began to wane by 45 min, and had returned to control levels by 90 min. Further, centrally administered carbachol activated lordosis at lower levels of estrogen priming than did systemically administered progesterone. In a second experiment, female rats, brought into sexual receptivity by administration of estrogen and progesterone, received preoptic infusions of an acetylcholine synthesis inhibitor, hemicholinium-3. Significant reductions in the incidence of lordosis were observed following bilateral infusion of hemicholinium-3 (1.25 microgram/cannula). This inhibition of lordosis was prevented when carbachol (.5 microgram/cannula) was infused along with hemicholinium-3. Results confirm the importance of cholinergic influences on sexual behavior in female rats. PMID- 7309933 TI - Schwann cell features in neurotropic melanoma. AB - Schwann cell features were found on ultrastructural examination of a neurotropic melanoma (de novo type) of the lip. A neurotropic pattern of growth was retained in metastatic tumors in lymph nodes and lung. Melanin was not demonstrable in extra-epidermal tumor cells. PMID- 7309932 TI - Pinch-induced catalepsy in mice. AB - Pinch-induced catalepsy was readily obtained in five strains of mice following repeated administration of strong pinches at the scruff of the neck. This catalepsy outlasted the pinch by minutes and was more easily induced on retests 48 hr after the initial acquisition tests. Repetitive tail pinches and/or exposure to the testing procedure without pinches also resulted in immobility; however, this was weak in magnitude and short in duration. Treatments designed to prevent immobility between trials (swimming in water or housing in the home cage with normally behaving littermates) failed to block or modify pinch-induced catalepsy. Spacing the trials up to one pinch per 10 min did not affect the emergence of pinch-induced catalepsy, but at one pinch per 30 min it was abolished. Pinch-induced catalepsy is strikingly similar to the behavior elicited in mice when attacked by a cat. In both cases, immobility is produced by pinches or bites at the scruff of the neck, and it outlasts the duration of the stimulus. These results support the notion of pinch-induced catalepsy as an adaptive coping strategy, increasing the chance of survival in predator/prey confrontations. PMID- 7309934 TI - Ultrastructure of trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex. AB - The following features of trichoepithelioma papulosum multiplex (TPM) were revealed by electron microscopy: 1. Proliferation of basaloid cells similar to that in basal cell epithelioma (BCE). 2. Abortive hair shafts and hair papillae. 3. Keratinous cysts surrounded by flat keratinocytes, the cytoplasm of which had small-sized keratohyalin and Odland's bodies. 4. Glycogen deposition near the nuclei, vacuoles filled with amorphous materials and lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. 5. Extracellular compartments, in which fibrous materials, cell fragments, and mucinous substance were found. 6. Melanocytes containing melanosomes in stage II, Langerhans cells involving Birbeck's granules, Merkel cells and other dendritic cells. PMID- 7309935 TI - Hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation of the skin after long term PUVA therapy. Light and electron microscopic observations on three patients. AB - An electron microscopic study was performed to demonstrate the pathological changes induced by long term PUVA treatment in recalcitrant psoriasis. Three patients developed mottling (hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation) during two to three years of treatment. Three different types of morphological changes were found: disarrangement of keratinocytes, clustering and stimulation of melanocytes and homogenization of papillary dermis. Furthermore, the superficial blood vessels were loaded with the same type of amorphous granular substance. These changes might be specific to PUVA treatment or they might occur only in patients with previous treatment with, e.g., arsenic, methotrexate, anthralin + UVB or a combination of these. PMID- 7309937 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the skin. Case report and review. AB - A carcinosarcoma of the skin in a 74-year-old man is reported. The epithelial element consisted of a highly anaplastic basal cell carcinoma with focal keratinization. The mesenchymal component included elements of fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. This is, to our knowledge, the second reported case of carcinosarcoma arising in the skin. PMID- 7309936 TI - Darier's keratosis follicularis: an ultrastructural study during and after topical treatment with retinoic acid alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil. AB - An ointment containing 0.05% retinoic acid (RA) was applied to the anterior surface of the chest in a patient suffering from Darier's keratosis follicularis. A mixture of two ointments containing equal amounts of 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 0.05% RA was used on the dorsum of the same patient. Biopsies were taken 30 days and 70 days after treatment started. Retinoic acid gave rise to an initial disorganisation of desmosomes; the "corps ronds" and "grains" disappeared, the lacunae gradually decreased in size, and the epidermis was practically normal when the clinical manifestations of the skin had disappeared. The damage induced with the RA + 5-FU mixture was more serious, but when the skin lesions relapsed they did so later and in a less severe way than the recurrences observed after treatment with RA alone. PMID- 7309938 TI - Peforating calcinosis cutis presenting as milia. AB - Two children with unusual milia-like lesions on the pubic and groin area were found to have idiopathic perforating calcinosis cutis. The inconspicuous clinical appearance may escape detection unless a biopsy is performed. PMID- 7309940 TI - Sebaceous adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7309939 TI - Macromelanosomes in dermal macrophages. PMID- 7309941 TI - Scanning electron microscopic evidence of bacterial overgrowth in intertrigo. AB - A scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of intertrigo is presented. Marked changes of the keratinocyte surface characteristics and in the number and distribution of bacteria in the various stages of intertrigo are reported. Bacterial overgrowth was significant. This study confirms the value of SEM in the study of the skin surface and in cutaneous microbiology. PMID- 7309943 TI - Rudimentary polydactyly (cutaneous neuroma) case report with ultrastructural study. AB - A case of rudimentary polydactyly (cutaneous neuroma) on the ulnar aspect of the left fifth finger of a 38-year-old male was examined and the skin was studied by light and electron microscopy. In addition to a proliferation of nerve fibers and encapsulated corpuscles, normal Merkel cells were often present in the basal portion of the epidermis. It is suggested that proliferation of various neural components is the essential feature of the affected skin. PMID- 7309942 TI - Characterization of surface markers and cytoplasmic organelle in benign and malignant lymphoid lesions of skin; immunohistochemical and electron microscopic evaluation. AB - In order to characterize the benign and malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells in skin, we compared surface markers and cytoplasmic organelles of cells in cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH), lymphomatoid papulosis (LP), mycosis fungoides (MF), Sezary's syndrome (SS) and primary cutaneous malignant lymphoma (ML). The immunohistochemical study showed cells with both T - and B-cell markers in CLH,LP and early MF, whereas cells with only the T-cell marker were seen in late MF, SS and ML. T-cells in all cutaneous lesions possessed the surface marker common to T-cells of peripheral lymph nodes, and not that of central thymus cells. Cutaneous T-cells contained clustered or scattered dense core granules. Although no specific organelles indicative of benign or malignant lymphoid proliferation were found, there were several ultrastructural features that could help identifying each form of cutaneous lymphoid lesions. These included clustered or scattered dense-core granules, the variable degree of nuclear convolutions as well as dendritic arborization, and the presence or absence of 10 nm filaments. PMID- 7309944 TI - Generalized pediculosis corporis. Microscopic study of hairs. AB - A case generalized pediculosis corporis is presented. Microscopic study of sectioned hairs stained with hematoxylin and eosin and of hairs under polarized light allowed identification of larval content and eggs. The value of microscopic examination of hairs is shown. PMID- 7309945 TI - Recruitment and attendance of high-risk adolescent mothers for training in parenting. PMID- 7309946 TI - Evaluations of different types of aggressive acts among a variety of male adolescent samples. PMID- 7309948 TI - Defined delinquency and adult attitudes to youth. PMID- 7309947 TI - Psychiatric problems and first year examinations in overseas students at Edinburgh University. PMID- 7309949 TI - Early brain lesions: ontogenetic-environmental considerations. PMID- 7309950 TI - Effects of cerebral dysfunction on neurolinguistic performance in children. PMID- 7309951 TI - Use of Neuropsychological tests to predict adult patients' everyday functioning. PMID- 7309952 TI - Interventions for cognitive deficits in brain-injured adults. PMID- 7309953 TI - Geriatric neuropsychology. PMID- 7309954 TI - Emergent trends in neuropsychology: an overview. PMID- 7309955 TI - Long-term effects of behavioral versus insight-oriented therapy with inpatient alcoholics. PMID- 7309956 TI - Differential patterns of wife abuse: a data-based typology. PMID- 7309958 TI - Teaching cognitive and social skills to high school students. PMID- 7309957 TI - Acceptability of alternative treatments for children: evaluations by inpatient children, parents, and staff. PMID- 7309959 TI - Family problem solving versus home notes as early intervention with high-risk children. PMID- 7309960 TI - Relationship enhancement versus a traditional approach to therapeutic/preventative/enrichment parent-adolescent programs. PMID- 7309961 TI - Correlation of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery with the WAIS. PMID- 7309962 TI - Visual motor performance of psychotic children. PMID- 7309964 TI - Rebuttal to and constructive comments on "Construct validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale.". PMID- 7309963 TI - A comparison of social skills in delinquent and nondelinquent adolescent girls using a behavioral role-playing inventory. PMID- 7309965 TI - Methodological issues and the construct validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale: a response to the rebuttal and constructive comments of Merenda and Sparadeo. PMID- 7309966 TI - Publication records of women clinicians in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. PMID- 7309967 TI - Are lateral and perceptual asymmetries related to WISC-R and achievement test performance in normal and learning-disabled children? PMID- 7309968 TI - A comparison of matched clinical and analogue subjects on variables pertinent to the treatment of assertion deficits. PMID- 7309970 TI - Stamps commemorating medicine. "Alcoholism". PMID- 7309969 TI - Maintenance of smoking cessation: effect of follow-up letters, smoking motivation, muscle tension, and health locus of control. PMID- 7309972 TI - Tumor conference #38. Lymphangioma of the scrotum and penis. PMID- 7309971 TI - An instrument and a technique to facilitate biopsies of lesions of the structures of the mouth and within the oral cavity. PMID- 7309973 TI - Dermabrasion of lesions of adenoma sebaceum. PMID- 7309974 TI - Cigarette smoking and malignant melanoma. Prognostic implications. AB - In a prospective study of 178 patients with malignant melanoma, a subset of 33 patients (18.5%) was identified to be at significantly higher risk for developing metastatic disease based on history of cigarette smoking. Patients in this high risk group (current smokers with a greater than 15 pack-years of smoking history) had two-year disease-free survival rates of 74.2%. versus 92.3% for the remaining patients (p = 0.008). A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that chronic smoking diminishes host defense mechanisms and results in an adverse affect on the biologic behavior of established malignant melanomas. PMID- 7309975 TI - The nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome. Simultaneous extirpation of numerous basal-cell carcinomas on the face by curettage and electrodesiccation under general anesthesia. AB - The case of a young, mentally retarded woman with the nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome is presented in whom about 150 basal-cell carcinomas on the face were treated simultaneously be curettage and electrodesiccation with the patient under general anesthesia. Such a method is excellent for eradicating numerous carcinomas rapidly, effectively, and at once, especially when cooperation of the patient is not optimal. PMID- 7309977 TI - Pigmented Pilomatricoma. A clinical simulator of malignant melanoma. PMID- 7309976 TI - Spontaneous regression of a giant keratoacanthoma. Photographic documentation and histopathologic correlation. AB - An 84-year-old woman developed a keratoacanthoma on the dorsum of her left hand. Photographic documentation of spontaneous resolution of the lesion over a period of eight months is presented. Biopsy of the site of the resolving lesion revealed extensive scarring and granulomatous inflammation. PMID- 7309978 TI - Serum zinc levels in patients with basal-cell carcinoma. AB - Basal-cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm that arises from the germinative cells of the epidermis and its appendages. Various causative factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that alterations in serum zinc concentration may relate to neoplastic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not a relationship exists between abnormal serum zinc levels and basal-cell carcinomas. The data indicate that a statistically significant elevation in mean serum zinc levels is associated with this neoplasm. This may, however, not be of clinical significance because of variation in environmental or statistical sampling factors. PMID- 7309979 TI - Atypical fibroxanthoma. PMID- 7309980 TI - A supernumerary nipple in a rare site. Report of a case. PMID- 7309981 TI - [Prediction of shifts in animal radioresistance as affected by different exposures]. PMID- 7309982 TI - [Lymphocyte DNA-polymerase activity in the blood of cattle normally and in chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 7309983 TI - [Effect of fluctuations in the host population count on ixodid tick population dynamics]. PMID- 7309984 TI - Residues of methyl bromide in fumigated grapefruit determined by a rapid, headspace assay. PMID- 7309985 TI - Identification of a nonenylnitrolic acid in corn treated with nitrous acid. PMID- 7309986 TI - Metabolites of diuron, linuron, and methazole formed by liver microsomal enzymes and spinach plants. PMID- 7309987 TI - Determination of residues of mesurol and its sulfoxide and sulfone in plant, animal, and soil samples. PMID- 7309988 TI - Matacil residue determination in foliage, fish, soil, and water. PMID- 7309989 TI - Low-resolution multiple ion detection gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric comparison of six extraction--cleanup methods for determining 2,3,7,9 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in fish. PMID- 7309991 TI - Composition and digestibility of albumin, globulins, and glutelins from Phaseolus vulgaris. PMID- 7309990 TI - Protein quality of vegetable proteins as determined by traditional biological methods and rapid chemical assays. PMID- 7309992 TI - Investigation of sulfur-containing components in roasted coffee. PMID- 7309993 TI - Determination of methyl 2-benzimidazolylcarbamate in black walnut fruit. PMID- 7309994 TI - Natural occurring levels of dimethyl sulfoxide in selected fruits, vegetables, grains, and beverages. PMID- 7309995 TI - Studies on desi and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum l.) cultivars. 3. Mineral and trace element composition. PMID- 7309996 TI - Formation of N-nitrosoproline by reacting nitrite with L-citrulline and L arginine. PMID- 7309997 TI - Shelf life indicators for encapsulated diazinon. PMID- 7309998 TI - Transformations of potato glycoalkaloids by rumen microorganisms. PMID- 7310001 TI - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ascorbic acid and combined ascorbic acid-dehydroascorbic acid in beverages. PMID- 7309999 TI - Lipids of guar seed meal (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub). PMID- 7310002 TI - Identification of new volatile amines in grapes and wines. PMID- 7310000 TI - Determination of vitamin B-6 in animal tissues by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7310004 TI - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey from Echium plantagineum L. PMID- 7310005 TI - Rye prolamins: extractability, separation, and characterization. PMID- 7310003 TI - Furfural accumulation in stored orange juice concentrates. PMID- 7310006 TI - Diphenyl ether herbicides remarkably elevate the content in Spinacia oleracea of (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2 propenamide. PMID- 7310008 TI - Limitations of the use of hospital statistics as an index of morbidity in environmental studies. PMID- 7310007 TI - Pentachloronitrobenzene metabolism in peanut. 3. Metabolism in peanut cell suspension cultures. PMID- 7310009 TI - Perception of aircraft noise in India. PMID- 7310010 TI - Exercise-induced urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylactoid episodes. AB - Six subjects with exercise-induced anaphylactoid symptoms were evaluated by exercise challenge. Five of the six patients developed symptoms during free running. One subject developed only periorbital angioedema; another developed giant urticaria, wheeze, and hypotension; and three subjects developed cholinergic urticaria. One of the subjects with cholinergic urticaria also became hypotensive. Both of the subjects who developed hypotension also exhibited elevations in plasma histamine (11.2 and 23.2 ng/ml). Subjects who exhibited only cutaneous or subcutaneous manifestations failed to develop elevated levels of plasma histamine. Serum complement determinations (C'3, C'4) remained normal in all subjects at all time intervals. Thus exercise-induced anaphylactoid reactions can appear with a variety of cutaneous manifestations, including angioedema only, giant urticaria, and cholinergic urticaria. Elevated levels of plasma histamine are found only when systemic symptoms such as hypotension occur concomitantly. PMID- 7310011 TI - Identification of a new physically induced urticaria: cold-induced cholinergic urticaria. AB - Four patients with symptoms suggestive of either cold urticaria or a combination of cold and cholinergic urticaria were studied. However, all patients were negative to an ice-cube test or cold-immersion test and had no urticaria after exercise in a warm environment. When each patient was seated in a cold room (4 degree C) for 5 to 15 min, generalized urticaria appeared, consisting of puncture wheals and surrounding erythema as seen in cholinergic urticaria. Two patients had weakly positive methacholine skin tests and the other two had completely negative tests. When serial venous blood samples were obtained to test for mediator release, three of four patients had evidence of histamine release and the time course was similar to that previously reported for patients with cholinergic urticaria. These four cases represent a new syndrome with features suggestive of cold and/or cholinergic urticaria, but the results of all the tests usually utilized to diagnose these conditions were negative. We have called this disorder cold-induced cholinergic urticaria to indicate that it is cold dependent and visually indistinguishable from cholinergic urticaria. PMID- 7310012 TI - Effect of inhaled iodoxamide tromethamine in prevention of antigen-induced bronchospasm. AB - Lodoxamide tromethamine, a new cromolyn-like drug, was studied to determine its effectiveness and duration of action in preventing antigen-induced bronchospasm in 15 subjects with clinically stable extrinsic asthma. All subjects underwent antigen inhalation challenge 15 min after inhalation of an aerosolized solution of 0.1 mg of lodoxamide in saline or of saline solution alone (placebo) administered on separate days according to a double-blind, random-allocation protocol. Those subjects demonstrating a protective effect of lodoxamide subsequently underwent antigen inhalation challenges at various time intervals (2 to 8 hr) after lodoxamide treatment. Thirteen of 15 subjects (87%) showed a protective effect of lodoxamide administered 15 min prior to antigen challenge. Six of the 13 subjects who were protected initially remained protected 4 hr after lodoxamide treatment and one of these six subjects was also protected at 6 to 8 hr. One additional subject not protected at 4 hr was protected at 3 hr. Lodoxamide exhibited no bronchodilator activity and was not associated with any significant side effects. Further studies are warranted to compare the effectiveness of lodoxamide with that of cromolyn sodium in protection against antigen-induced bronchospasm and to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of lodoxamide in long-term clinical trials. PMID- 7310014 TI - Aspirin-sensitive asthma. PMID- 7310013 TI - Evaluation of a patient with both aquagenic and cholinergic urticaria. AB - An 11-yr-old girl presented with a history of urticaria induced by warm or cool showers, exercise, and emotional stimuli. During evaluation she repeatedly developed generalized punctate urticaria, pruritus, palpitations, and headaches after warm baths or exercise, and she had a positive methacholine skin test. She developed similar lesions and pruritus after local application of sterile water, tap water, ethanol, normal saline, or 3% saline. The diagnosis of combined aquagenic and cholinergic urticaria was made and presented a unique opportunity to study and compare mediator release and clinical symptoms in both conditions. The patient was submerged in bath water at either 37 degree or 41 degree C to induce either aquagenic or cholinergic urticaria, respectively. Histamine was released into the systemic circulation in both conditions in a similar time course; however, systemic symptoms occurred only after the 41 degree C bath. After failure to induce tolerance to the 41 degree C bath water, hydroxyzine therapy was instituted. One week later she was rechallenged; few symptoms appeared, and a rise in serum histamine was not detected as had been shown in previous challenges. The data suggest that in our patient, hydroxyzine may have contributed to the inhibition of both histamine release and the appearance of symptoms during hot bath challenging. PMID- 7310015 TI - Epidemiology and child psychiatry. Introduction. PMID- 7310016 TI - Methods in epidemiology. PMID- 7310017 TI - Estimating the prevalence of childhood psychopathology. A critical review. PMID- 7310018 TI - Why teenagers come for treatment. A ten-year prospective epidemiological study in Woodlawn. PMID- 7310019 TI - The epidemiology of low-level lead exposure in childhood. PMID- 7310020 TI - Epidemiological/longitudinal strategies and causal research in child psychiatry. PMID- 7310021 TI - The epidemiology of suicide in children and young adolescents. PMID- 7310022 TI - Epidemiological approaches to natural history research. Antisocial disorders in children. PMID- 7310023 TI - Comments on some ethical, legal, and clinical issues affecting consent in treatment, organ transplants, and research in children. PMID- 7310024 TI - Evaluation of differential data sources. Application of the diagnostic process in child psychiatry. PMID- 7310025 TI - The assessment and enhancement of development of a child being raised in reverse isolation. PMID- 7310026 TI - Hallucinatory phenomena in childhood. A critique of the literature. PMID- 7310027 TI - The psychological effects of moving and living overseas. PMID- 7310028 TI - Federal focus on nutrition and dietetics. PMID- 7310030 TI - Agreement between dietary interviews. AB - The nutrient intake for 86 male myocardial infarction patients was calculated from data based on the interview methods studied both one and two years after infarction. The dietary history method resulted in systematically higher mean daily intakes than the other methods. The differences in mean intakes calculated from the recall methods were, in general, rather small. The agreement, measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient, varied from 0.42 to 0.69. The pattern of mean differences between methods was consistent one and two years after infarction. PMID- 7310029 TI - The economics of nutrition planning. AB - Economic theory suggests that consumers act to maximize their utility subject to constraints on their income and time. An individual's actions in the market (demand) generally reflect preferences based on his or her perception of utility, or welfare. Economic research has indicated that consumers purchase food, not nutrients, and that public programs and decisions concerning nutrition which have ignored consumer preferences have often been ineffective and heavily criticized. Approaches which integrate consumer demand and nutrition planning may be more successful in achieving national and institutional goals. PMID- 7310031 TI - Effects of nutrition education. AB - A group of 86 male myocardial infarction patients receiving diet therapy in the form of individual counseling and lectures or food-preparation classes and a group of 78 control subjects were studied. The desired changes in food and nutrient intake were greater in the treatment than in the control group. For the lecture and food-preparation groups, the changes in dietary intakes were similar. The reduction in the patients' weights and in the level of serum lipids also indicated the effectiveness of nutrition education in comprehensive rehabilitation. PMID- 7310032 TI - Dietary-atherosclerosis study on deceased persons. AB - Relation of certain market foods to raised coronary lesions. By M. C. Moore, M. A. Guzman, P. E. Schilling, and J. P. Strong, J. Am. Dietet. A. 79:668, 1981. Dietary patterns of 253 deceased men, as reported by their spouses, were related significantly to atherosclerotic lesions when assessed by the food sources in their diets. Using the macronutrients--protein, fat and carbohydrate--to identify and quantify the food sources in their diets, researchers found lesser lesions to be related to intakes of legumes, grains, and vegetables, while higher lesions were related, but to a lesser degree, to intakes of beef, milk, and fruit. It is concluded that dietary mixing of foods could have either enhanced or obscured the degree of these relationships. PMID- 7310034 TI - Improving the flow of customers in a hospital cafeteria. AB - Customer flow through a hospital cafeteria was modeled as a queuing system for the purpose of analyzing the problems of long lines and excessive waiting by customers during lunch hours. Different policies of the hospital affecting the arrival times of customers to the cafeteria were simulated on a computer. The key factor was found to be group arrivals because of the pattern in which the hospital departments released their employees for lunch. Alternative policies were simulated, and performance with those policies in effect was measured and reported. PMID- 7310033 TI - Model workshop on nutrition counseling for dietitians. AB - The purpose of the workshop on nutrition counseling was twofold: (a) to enhance nutritionists' and dietitians' knowledge of counseling and basic interviewing skills, behavioral weight control counseling skills, and adherence counseling skills and (b) to quantitatively evaluate improvement and maintenance of the newly acquired skills. Changes in these areas indicated that it is possible to improve certain skills and to maintain those improvements over time. PMID- 7310035 TI - Methods and techniques for inservice education. PMID- 7310037 TI - Identification of clinical dietetic practitioners' time use for the provision of nutrition care. PMID- 7310036 TI - Absenteeism in health care food service. PMID- 7310038 TI - The future for the elderly. AB - This tentative look into the future for the elderly covers such aspects as population statistics, the unique role of Medicine in contributing to the quality of life, the problems engendered by dementia patients and the "staff factor" involved in their care. The development of personality in the aged is stressed. Being attractive to others in the time of disability and old age is a valuable asset. There is great need for education of the public about the elderly. PMID- 7310039 TI - Ethical considerations in critical and terminal illness in the elderly. AB - In a Baltimore geriatric center and hospital, a program was developed to individualize the treatment of critically and terminally ill patients. Part of this program was an effort to involve the patients themselves in the discussion of their personal wishes, and the provision of a set of guidelines for staff members to help them individualize the care of the patients. Some of the practical problems involved the the application of these ethical ideals are discussed. Merely implementing the protocol helped staff members to become more aware of these complex questions. Physicians should deal forthrightly with "right to-die" and associated issues. The decision-making should remain in medical hands, and out of the courts and legislatures. PMID- 7310040 TI - Senile dementia, Alzheimer's type: the family and the health care delivery system. AB - Senile dementia is one of the important medical-social-economic problems facing our society, estimated to affect some 60% of nursing home patients and of persons residing in the community. The course of dementia in these patients is affected not only by their age, medical complications, and the disease itself, but also by where and with whom they live. A study was made of patients with senile dementia, Alzheimer's type (SDAT) in the community, and the kinds of caretakers involved. The implications of these patterns for management of the patients are discussed. PMID- 7310041 TI - The aging game: a new teaching method in geriatric medicine. AB - The aging game, a simple yet effective educational method for teaching gerontology and geriatric medicine, is described. Groups of up to 20 students participate. A series of 100 cards bearing statements about old age, some of which are true and some of which are false, are distributed among them. By exchanging cards and by gradual grouping of the students, the participants endeavor to secure a hand in which all the statements are true. The game ends with all cards being reviewed by the teacher and the participants together. The aging game has been used with physicians, medical students, nurses, therapists, social workers and mixed groups of health professionals. A modified version has been used in pre-retirement education and public education on aging. PMID- 7310042 TI - Treatment results at a multi-specialty clinic for the impaired elderly and their families. AB - Geriatric and Family Services at the University of Washington provides a comprehensive evaluation and treatment program for the impaired elderly, and also offers support, counseling and practical advice for their families. Although most of the 76 patients in this first-year study had cognitive impairment, about one fourth of them showed unequivocal motor, cognitive and/or affective improvement with treatment for previously undetected illnesses. The rating of "unequivocal improvement" required objective data, as well as corroboration by the patient and family. These therapeutic gains and the increased public interest led to expansion of the program. PMID- 7310043 TI - Subcutaneous infusions in the elderly. AB - 1,850 subcutaneous infusions were given to 270 elderly patients (average age, 82) in a hospital geriatric department and in two nursing homes. The side effects were few and not serious. In 4 patients there was anasarca of the gluteal and genital regions but this disappeared promptly after giving diuretics. In a case of disseminated intravascular coagulation, ecchymoses appeared in the thighs. Sepsis, shock, tissue necrosis and other dangerous side effect mentioned in textbooks were not observed. The method is acceptable to most elderly patients and causes less discomfort than does the intravenous method. Since the infusion last only 2 to 4 hours, it enables the patient to be out of bed most of the day. Infusion by the subcutaneous route can be safely administered by trained nurses in institutions without a resident medical staff. It seems to be the method of choice for giving fluid supplements to elderly patients in nonemergency situations. PMID- 7310044 TI - Improved viscometric assay for cellulase. AB - A viscometric assay for the determination of carboxymethylcellulase activity is described. The method, which is developed from a direct theoretical approach, takes into account a kinetic energy correction and the non-Newtonian behaviour of carboxymethylcellulose solutions. The enzymic hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose shows strong competitive inhibition by the products of the reaction and a method is presented for estimating the initial velocity of such reactions. A direct chemical determination of reducing end groups was used to confirm the validity of this approach. PMID- 7310045 TI - A new method for the isolation of the simple and highly complex glycosphingolipids from animal tissue. AB - The most widely used methods for the extraction of glycosphingolipids from animal tissues are based on the use of chloroform/methanol mixtures. These methods, although suitable for a great majority of lipids, fail to remove highly complex glycosphingolipids. Reported here is a method for the isolation of the entire population of glycosphingolipids by means of a gradual degradation of tissue components and enrichment in carbohydrate conjugates resistant to alkali and proteases. Fresh gastric mucosa was homogenized and treated with alkali (beta elimination) and RNAase and DNAase to decrease the viscosity of the homogenate, followed by pronase digestion. Each treatment was completed by exhaustive dialysis against distilled water. The resultant tissue digest was partitioned with chloroform/methanol (2:1) to remove simple glycosphingolipids. The aqueous portion of the system was adjusted to 1.0% with Zwittergent TM- 314 and solubilized for 24 h by mixing. Thus, prepared sample subjected to Bio-Gel P60 column chromatography afforded five fractions. Of these, three were free of protein and contained carbohydrates, fatty acids and sphingosine. Further fractionation on Bio-Gel P 10 and P6 columns followed by thin-layer chromatography afforded homogeneous components with all the characteristics of highly complex glycosphingolipids. PMID- 7310046 TI - Ultracentrifugation in polyethylene tubing: an efficient method to concentrate protein solutions on the microliter scale. AB - An ultracentrifugation procedure is described to concentrate protein solutions on the microliter scale. Protein solutions were centrifuged in U-shaped lengths of polyethylene tubing at 160000 X g for 15 h and thereafter fractionated by cutting the tubing. The method can be performed in a conventional ultracentrifuge and needs no special equipment. PMID- 7310047 TI - Cardiovascular responses elicited by hypothalamic stimulation in rabbits reveal a mediolateral organization. AB - Heart rate and blood pressure response patterns were elicited by relatively low intensity (approximately 0.2 mA) stimulation (10 s trains; 100 pulses/s; 0.25 ms pulse duration) in different regions of the hypothalamus in anesthetized rabbits. A bradycardia/depressor pattern was elicited from both anterior and posterior stimulating electrode sites in the far lateral hypothalamus. Medial sites including the ventromedial hypothalamus elicited a tachycardia/pressor pattern. A bradycardia/pressor pattern was elicited from both the anterior and posterior hypothalamus at sites between the lateral hypothalamic (bradycardia/depressor) and the medial hypothalamic (tachycardia/pressor) zones. Paralysis by injection of decamethonium in conjunction with artificial ventilation did not reveal systematic differences in cardiovascular response threshold, form, or magnitude between the paralyzed and non-paralyzed state, indicating that the cardiovascular response patterns were not secondary to changes in respiration. Bilateral vagotomy abolished the bradycardia responses evoked by hypothalamic stimulation indicating that the cardiodeceleration was mediated by the vagus nerves; vagotomy attenuated tachycardia responses indicating that the responses in part reflected a decrease in vagal restraint. Bradycardia responses to ipsilateral but not contralateral hypothalamic stimulation were attenuated or abolished when examined 10-14 days after unilateral destruction of the central nucleus of the amygdala. This indicates that the bradycardia responses elicited by hypothalamic stimulation are in part mediated by fibers of passage. Stimulation of lateral hypothalamic sites eliciting a bradycardia/depressor pattern in anesthetized rabbits, evoked mild orienting in the same animals when conscious, whereas medial hypothalamic sites producing the tachycardia/pressor response pattern in anesthetized animals elicited intense excitement with autonomic concomitants in the nonanesthetized state. The results indicate that the rabbit hypothalamus has a mediolateral organization in terms of at least some cardiovascular and behavioral responses to intracranial stimulation. PMID- 7310048 TI - The distribution of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting onto the stellate ganglion of the guinea pig. A horseradish peroxidase study. AB - After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the stellate ganglion (SG) of the guinea pig, labelled cells were found in the C8-T11 spinal cord segments. The HRP-positive neurons were located in the nucleus intermedio-lateralis pars principalis and funicularis (ILp and ILf) and in the nucleus intercalatus proprius and pars paraependymalis (ICp and ICpe). The ICp and ICpe neurons represented approximately one-fourth of the total number of labelled cells. The ILp and ILf neurons were mainly located in the T2 and T3 segments whereas the ICp and ICpe neurons occurred mainly in the T4 to T6 segments where the ICpe cell group formed a continuous cell column dorsal to the central canal. The possible correlation between the segmental distribution and peripheral sympathetic effects was discussed. PMID- 7310049 TI - Characteristics and functions of two types of efferent fibers in the adrenal nerve. AB - Two types of adrenal nerve fibers, AD and NA types, were identified by the presence or absence of inhibition of efferent activity after an intracarotid injection of isoproterenol (a beta-adrenergic stimulant). Efferent activity of both types was suppressed by adrenaline or noradrenaline injection. In AD-type fibers, suppression due to adrenaline or isoproterenol injection was blocked by a beta-adrenergic blocking agent (propranolol). In NA type fibers, the suppressive effect of adrenaline or noradrenaline was blocked by an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (phenoxybenzamine). Dose-response characteristics showed that in AD-type fibers suppressive effect of adrenaline was always larger than that of noradrenaline, whilst in NA type fibers the two catecholamines caused the same degree of suppression of nerve activity. Two negative feedback loops for catecholamine secretion are suggested; one is between adrenaline level in the circulating blood and AD type nerve activity mediated be beta-adrenergic receptors, and the other is between noradrenaline level and NA type nerve activity, mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors. Considering that AD-type fibers terminate on adrenaline-storing cells and NA type fibers terminate on noradrenaline-storing cells, it is suggested that beta-receptor--AD-type fibers- adrenaline-storing cell system controls adrenaline level and alpha-receptor--NA type fibers--noradrenaline-storing cell system controls noradrenaline level. PMID- 7310050 TI - Brain stem sites mediating adrenergic and non-adrenergic vasodilatation in the dog's nose and tongue. AB - The brain stem of anesthetized, immobilized and artificially ventilated dogs was probed with concentric bipolar electrodes, and those points were determined from which vasodilation or vasoconstriction of the nose and tongue could be elicited by electrical stimulation of the brain stem (ESB). Blood flow was measured with electromagnetic flowprobes in the lingual (LA) and the infraorbital (IA) arteries. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate and temperatures of the ear and hindlimb were measured. The following results were obtained: (1) vasodilatation by ESB in the LA and/or IA could be induced from an area extending parasagittally through the ventral part of the brain stem from the hypothalamus to the upper pontine region. The most potent area was in the supraoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus, but no representation was found in the dorsolateral part of the central gray matter, one of the most excitable mesencephalic vasodilatator areas in the defence reaction. Sites in which ESB was followed by vasoconstriction in LA and IA were distributed in regions closely related to the dilatator sites within the brain stem; (2) the vasodilatation in LA and IA was not correlated with changes in skin temperatures of the ear and hindlimb; (3) blood pressure and heart rate decreased, in general, during ESB; (4) the additional analysis revealed that vasodilatation by ESB; (a) was not altered by atropine; (b) was abolished by transection of the cervical vagosympathetic trunk only in IA; (c) was abolished by spinal cord transection at C2 only in IA; and (d) was abolished only in IA by either preceding catecholamine depletion with reserpine or by blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors with phenoxybenzamine, and disappeared in both LA and IA after ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium; (5) the results demonstrate circumscribed vasoconstrictor as well as vasodilatator sites in the brain stem influencing nose and tongue blood flow. The centrally elicited atropine resistant vasomotor responses of the nose are mediated by adrenergic fibres, which are conducted in the cervical sympathetic trunk. In contrast, the centrally elicited vasodilatation of the tongue is due to non-adrenergic, non cholinergic efferents with pre- and postganglionic synapses running apart from the cervical sympathetic trunk. The anatomical origin of these efferents suggests that they belong to the parasympathetic section of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 7310051 TI - Autonomic neuropathy in the trembler mouse. AB - There is little detailed histological information concerning the autonomic nervous system in hereditary demyelinating neuropathies in man. An opportunity was therefore taken to study the autonomic nervous system of the trembler mouse which suffers from a dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathy. Schwann cell myelination in trembler vagus and splanchnic nerves was abnormal. Morphometric analysis of myelinated and unmyelinated fibres in these nerves showed a marked reduction in myelinated fibre density distribution, whilst unmyelinated fibre densities were within the control range. The trembler vagus contained increased numbers of large diameter unmyelinated fibres probably as a result of trembler Schwann cell failure to form myelin around axons of the appropriate diameter for myelination. The trembler splanchnic nerve, however, contained increased numbers of small diameter unmyelinated fibres, possibly postganglionic fibres which fail to achieve their expected diameters. PMID- 7310052 TI - Time-compressed speech. PMID- 7310053 TI - A lighting attachment for clinical photography. PMID- 7310054 TI - An electronic flash bracket for the operating microscope. PMID- 7310055 TI - Television and video in the medical school: facilities, scope and management of a small production unit. PMID- 7310057 TI - Clinical photography in liver disease. PMID- 7310058 TI - Facial photoradiography: practical considerations. PMID- 7310059 TI - Suggestions for standardized clinical photography in plastic surgery. PMID- 7310056 TI - Infrared transillumination using photography and television (videodioscopy). PMID- 7310060 TI - [Amylosis today]. PMID- 7310061 TI - [In vivo alterations in intra-ocular suture materials (author's transl)]. AB - The stability of implants depends in part of intraocular sutures but only if these present sufficient guaranties in their physical properties at short and long time. The scanning electron microscopy allows a comparative study of the ageing and the tolerance of non-resorbable suture after a time of residence in the anterior chamber, particularly of nylon and polypropylene. PMID- 7310062 TI - [Iridocapsular lenses: limbus versus pars plana approach in secondary cataract surgery (author's transl)]. AB - We operated on 55 eyes with secondary-cataract following implantation of a Binkhorst's irido-capsular lens. The procedure was through the limbus in 27 cases and via pars plana in 28 cases. For the limbus approach, we made a discission ("membranotomy") in all cases. By pars plana approach, we made a discission in 6 cases and an excision ("membranectomy") by means of phacophage (lensectomy instrument) in 22 cases. We observed that discission frequently yields deceptive or transitory results, requiring one or more reinterventions, while excision of the pupillary membrane by means of phacophage always results in a broad and definitive opening Pars plana approach has the advantage that it facilitates transformation of membranotomy to membranectomy. None of the 55 cases has presented retinal detachment. PMID- 7310063 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of intraocular cysticercosis (author's transl)]. AB - Operative treatment was employed in 19 cases of intraocular cysticercosis: 6 subretinal (3 in the macular region) and 13 intravitreal (3 mobile, 10 fixed). The essential diagnostic sign is the appearance of the parasitic vesicle (iridescent tint, movements of the wall and the scolex), but difficulties may arise because of severe intraocular lesions : vitreous clouding, chorioretinitis, detachment of the retina. The site of the vesicle must be determined before and during operation. Fixed cysticerci require that the globe be opened by a well placed incision. If they are mobile, they can be aspirated through the pars plana with the erysiphake or a trocar, depending on the size of the vesicles. Aspiration is also necessary when there is total detachment of the retina of a fixed intravitreal vesicle, after freeing adhesions. Successful results were obtained in 15 of the 19 cases treated. PMID- 7310064 TI - [Possible vascular factor in idiopathic detachment of the retina (author's transl)]. AB - The possible influence of a vascular factor in idiopathic detachment of the retina was studied by comparing the frequency of hypertension and hyperlipidemia in groups of myopic and non-myopic subjects within the age group 50 to 65 years. Hypertension was present in 37.1 p. cent and hyperlipidemia in 60 p. cent of the non-myopic subjects, against 9.7 p. cent and 33.33 p. cent respectively in the myopic subjects. These results, together with the fact that there was a later age of onset in the non-myopic group, suggest that a vascular factor could be of etiological significance in idiopathic detachment of the retina in non-myopic subjects. PMID- 7310065 TI - [Arterial vascularization of the musculi rectus verticalis and obliquus oculi (author's transl)]. AB - In a recent article, we described arterial vascularization of the musculi rectus medialis and lateralis, using a radiological technique. We have now studied, in the cadaver, arterial vascularization of the musculi obliquus and rectus verticalis, from 30 new orbital contents. The posterior two thirds of the ocular face of each muscle and its edges are particularly rich in vascular inlets. The musculus rectus superior often has one pedicle only, in the shape of a tuning fork, stretched over nearly the whole length of the muscle. The musculus rectus inferior often has only a single central pedicle clearly visible in the anterior third of the muscle only. The musculus obliquus superior has two vascular sources which form one or two central axes. The arrangement of the arterioles in the musculus obliquus inferior is always the same, the main point of entry being located in the middle of the posterior face of the muscle. The anterior eiliary arteries in arising the two musculi rectus verticalis, are particularly large. PMID- 7310066 TI - [Degenerative choroidal atrophy (author's transl)]. AB - Based on of 10 personal observations, the authors discuss the modes of onset and the various clinical, functional and genetic aspects of primary degenerative choroidal atrophies. Central areolar atrophy may be the only lesion or is sometimes associated with other signs of a more extensive degeneration (fundus flavimaculatus, degeneration of the posterior pole). Among the diffuse forms a familial case is reported which can be interpreted as a sectorial hypoplasia, and a case similar to a choroideremia, but with recessive transmission. PMID- 7310067 TI - [Electro-oculographie study of vergence movements. II. Asymmetric vergence (author's transl)]. AB - In relation to symmetrical vergence, a study of asymmetrical vergence reveals, in normal cases, particular kinetic phenomena of the most marked degree. In binocular fixation, Johannes Muller's phenomenon is noticed on the axial eye. It exhibits reflex competition between fast and slow vergence, and is always impaired in amblyopias. Monocular fixation with the centered open eye induces a pure and slow consensual vergence on the excentric occluded eye. The movement is mainly be accommodative in nature, and anomalies are shown to very frequent. Monocular fixation with the excentric open eye induces a relative vergence characterized by a fast version phase, limited and corrected by a slow vergence phase. Relative vergence is largely impaired in amblyopias, convergence deficiencies, functional squints and oculo-motor palsies. Generally, the different methods for investigating kinetic vergence patterns reveal a more or less physiological asymmetry in sensori motor potentialities of each eye. This asymmetry strongly increases in nearly all oculo-motor disorders. PMID- 7310068 TI - [Different manifestations of tapetoretinal degeneration in the same family (author's transl)]. AB - A family with two siblings with six cases of tapetoretinal degeneration is reported. In the first case one individual present a degeneration of both scotopic and photopic visual systems, whereas another patient had macular degeneration of the Stargardt type. In the second, there was one case of photopic and stotopic degeneration, one case of fundus flavimaculatus, one case of Stargardt disease, and one case of retinitis pigmentosa inversa. The study of this family suggests on the one hand that Stargardt disease and fundus flavimaculatus are expressions of the same disease. On the other hand, the simultaneous presence of central and diffuse alterations of the fundus raises the question as to whether these various forms of hereditary degeneration may be included in a single class of disease. PMID- 7310069 TI - [Acute choriocapillary occlusion and Elschnig's bodies in the course of pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7310070 TI - [Demyelinating diseases and the optic pathways]. PMID- 7310071 TI - The role of microsurgery in hand surgery. PMID- 7310072 TI - Reduction flexor tenoplasty. Treatment of stenosing flexor tenosynovitis distal to the first pulley. AB - Trigger finger due to stenosing flexor tenosynovitis distal to the first annular pulley is not a common finding; however, when present, it introduces a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Resection of the second annular pulley for release of triggering at this level may leave the patient with impaired function. The pulley can be preserved by removing an elliptical portion of the center of the tendon through a lateral incision. PMID- 7310073 TI - Abnormal metacarpal heads in brachymesophalangy--report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of brachymesophalangy in which ossicles related to metacarpal heads became detached, causing joint locking, is presented. A distinction has been made by arthrography between this lesion and the loose bodies seen in osteochondritis dissecans, which were previously thought to be the origin of the ossicles and the cause of the locking. PMID- 7310074 TI - Infection following pulp pull-through technique of flexor tendon grafting. AB - A sinus tract was formed and an abscess occurred in the pulp space after a flexor tendon graft was anchored to the distal end of the nail. Treatment included drainage of the abscess and excision of the sinus tract. PMID- 7310075 TI - Anomalous muscles in the hand and wrist--report of three cases. AB - Three cases of anomalous muscles were encountered recently during separate surgical procedures. The first caused a carpal tunnel syndrome by compressing the medium nerve; the second presented as a tumor-like mass in the wrist; and the third was an incidental finding at operation. PMID- 7310076 TI - Osteoma cutis--a rare skin tumor in the finger. PMID- 7310077 TI - Plastic surgery for the cleft hand. AB - A new procedure is described for cleft hands with absence of the middle finger associated with a palmar cleft. Three skin flaps are made within the cleft. The index ray is transferred ulnarward--not merely shifted ulnarly, but supinated--to prevent overlapping of the fingers when they flex. Length of the finger ray can be adjusted by shortening or lengthening the second metacarpal. The common extensor tendons to the index and ring fingers are interconnected with a free tendon graft to prevent the fingers from excessive spreading. The appearance is improved without disturbing the function of the hand. PMID- 7310078 TI - Trapezial ridge fractures. AB - Three patients with trapezial ridge fractures are reviewed. All three patients sustained a fracture of the palmar ridge of the trapezium from falls on the dorsiflexed wrist. They presented with symptoms of pain and tenderness over the base of the thenar eminence and thenar pain upon resisting wrist flexion. The fracture was demonstrated only when the carpal tunnel radiologic view of the wrist was obtained. A type I fracture at the base of the trapezial ridge healed with immobilization. Type II avulsion fractures of the tip of the ridge did not heal with immobilization. PMID- 7310079 TI - Free palmar skin grafts for resurfacing digital defects. AB - Since 1968, lost skin from the volar aspects of digits has been replaced by full thickness skin grafts from the thenar area in 40 patients. Durable coverage was obtained in all. No morbidity occurred in the donor site. PMID- 7310080 TI - Intramedullary fixation for fractures of the hand. AB - Twenty-seven fractures in 22 patients were treated with an intramedullary rod, introduced through the fracture fragments, without violating the joint surfaces. Twenty-six fractures united. There was one nonunion and one migration of the pin into the joint; there were no infections. Advantages of this procedure are (1) that it is quicker and easier to perform than a procedure requiring Kirschner wires or plates, (2) no special equipment is needed, and (3) motion can often be started as early as 10 days after the operation. PMID- 7310081 TI - Cleft hand and pectoral aplasia. AB - An association of congenital musculoskeletal anomalies is described. This association is characterized by ipsilateral absence of pectoral muscles, generalized mild hypoplasia of the upper extremity, and severe cleft hand deformities. The importance of recognizing this association lies mainly in genetic counseling. PMID- 7310082 TI - Recurrent turret exostoses--case report. AB - Two turret exostoses in one hand were simultaneously excised--one with good results, one with recurrence of adhesions. Photographic documentation, starting with the original injury, shows that the periosteum was widely lacerated. Tenolysis with fat tissue graft interposition failed. A second tenolysis with interposition of Silastic membrane was successful. PMID- 7310083 TI - A simple method for assessing abduction of the thumb. AB - A simple method of assessing thumb-web contracture by fitting an appropriate precalibrated triangular wooden disc in the gap between the first and second metacarpal is described. Abduction of the thumb in the plane of the palm can also be measured in a similar manner using a different set of discs. PMID- 7310084 TI - Osteotomy for digital deformity. AB - Osteotomy may be indicated in digital phalanges to correct angular or rotational deformity resulting from malunited fracture, epiphyseal arrest, or congenital or developmental causes. The use of fine power tools facilitates precise correction. lateral angulation is corrected by closing wedge osteotomy, dorsal angulation by opening wedge and bone graft, rotational deformity by transverse osteotomy, and derotation through the involved phalanx. Smooth Kirschner wires stabilize the osteotomies to permit early joint motion. These procedures can safely be performed in children. PMID- 7310085 TI - Snapping scapholunate subluxation. AB - Three patients were treated for snapping scapholunate subluxation in four wrists, with disabling pain in three wrists. Conventional roentgenographic techniques were not helpful in diagnosing any of these wrist problems. No complete description of the precise abnormality encountered was found in the surgical or roentgenographic literature. Three of the involved wrists have had surgical correction with good early results. PMID- 7310086 TI - Prototheca wickerhamii--an alga infecting the hand. AB - This report describes a hand infection caused by an alga. Prototheca wickerhamii. This rare organism presents most often as chronic dermatitis or bursitis of the upper extremity. Routine stains and cultures are easily confused with fungi. Only early, radical excision of the involved structures will effect a cure. PMID- 7310087 TI - Avulsion of a profundus tendon with simultaneous intraarticular fracture of the distal phalanx--case report. PMID- 7310088 TI - Stener lesion after lateral dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint- indication for open reduction. AB - The management of lateral dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint is controversial. Absolute indications for operative management are few, and most dislocations can be treated nonoperatively. In this case, the ulnar collateral ligament was trapped between the lateral hand and central slip of the dorsal apparatus and required open reduction for a satisfactory functional result. PMID- 7310089 TI - "Seal finger". AB - Two young women developed septic arthritis in an interphalangeal joint following a seal bite. One patient was cured with tetracycline: the other required joint arthrodesis. This entity known as "seal finger" is common among sealers. Although the infection may be cured with tetracycline, in late treated or untreated cases joint destruction may occur. No causative organism has been isolated. PMID- 7310090 TI - Congenital anomaly of the thumb--unusual bifurcation of the flexor pollicis longus and its unusual insertion. AB - A rare case of bifurcation of the muscle belly of flexor pollicis longus in the distal portion of the forearm is described. The major portion inserted onto the transverse carpal ligament as a tendon, and the lesser portion passed through the normal compartment of the flexor pollicis longus to the terminal phalanx. PMID- 7310091 TI - Intrinsic tendon cell proliferation in tissue culture. AB - This study examines the potential of tendon cells to participate in tendon repair. Explants were prepared from chicken sublimis tendons and studied in tissue culture. Under defined culture conditions, in the absence of tendon sheath, tendon cells were observed to migrate in a limited concentric fashion around the margin of a 2 mm window in the explant. When a plasma clot was present in the window, tendon cell migration and proliferation were accelerated and continued until the window was confluent with cells. Electron micrographs demonstrated that these tendon cells were fibroblasts associated with extracellular collagen fibrils. Specific biochemical analyses confirmed that these tendon fibroblasts were synthesizing collagen. This in vitro study demonstrates that tendons contain active fibroblasts capable of proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis. These findings support the hypothesis that tendons can heal by intrinsic processes. PMID- 7310092 TI - Bilateral scapholunate dissociation with degenerative arthritis. AB - A case of bilateral idiopathic scapholunate dissociation with degenerative arthritis is reported. This case suggests a multifactorial causation combining congenital deficiency and synovitis, with trauma of a minor or repetitive nature. PMID- 7310093 TI - Simplified technique for replantation of the thumb. AB - Replantation of the thumb is more difficult than that of the fingers since the palmar vessels are out of the plane of the hand. A simplified technique is presented, in which vein graft extensions are anastomosed to the proper digital vessels prior to osteosynthesis. Utilizing this technique, arterial reconstruction can proceed at a more rapid rate with fewer positioning problems. PMID- 7310094 TI - Osteochondroma of the distal phalanx. PMID- 7310095 TI - Recurrent dislocation of extensor carpi ulnaris tendon. AB - Four cases of symptomatic extensor carpi ulnaris tendon subluxation secondary to extensor carpi ulnaris tendon sheath attenuation of the wrist are presented in an attempt to provide greater awareness of this frequently undiagnosed clinical entity. Sheath reconstruction has been successful in relieving symptoms. PMID- 7310096 TI - Poliomyelitis antibodies in normal immunoglobulin preparation from placental blood. PMID- 7310097 TI - Complement fixing antigen in rabies. IV. Sequential development of CF antigens and their relationship. PMID- 7310098 TI - Sero-conversion following DPT immunization-comparison of two immunizing agents. PMID- 7310099 TI - Electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in filaria cases in coal mines area. PMID- 7310100 TI - Distribution pattern of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in a selected rural community. PMID- 7310101 TI - Insecticide resistance: tackling the problem areas. PMID- 7310102 TI - Prevalence of intestinal parasites in the Indian community in Libya. PMID- 7310103 TI - In vitro cultivation of microfilaria of Dirofilaria immitis. PMID- 7310104 TI - Isolation of Salmonella dahlem from man. PMID- 7310105 TI - Attempts to infect small laboratory animals with the infective larvae of Onchocerca lienalis. PMID- 7310106 TI - Hydatid disease in man in the Negev region of Israel: a retrospective study of histologically proven cases 1970-1979. PMID- 7310107 TI - Studies on trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Odhner, 1914) in Iran: 1. Preliminary epidemiological surveys in man and carnivores in Khuzestan. AB - Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae in man and carnivores were studied in Khuzestan, south-west Iran. Eight hundred and eleven stool samples from a population of 3400 in 13 villages in a swampy area located in central Khuzestan were examined by the formalin-ether concentration technique. The following helminths were found: Ascaris lumbricoides 7%, Trichostrongylus spp. 53%, hookworms 4+, Trichuris trichiura 5%, Hymenolepis nana 12% and heterophyid spp. 8%. Post-mortem examination of carnivores revealed that 14.2% of jackals, 33.3% of foxes and 2.5% of dogs were infected with heterophyids, namely Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes heterophyes and H. katsuradai. The freshwater snails Melanoides and Melanopsis spp. and brackish water fishes Barbus spp. and Mugil spp. were thought to be the intermediate hosts of these flukes in this area. This is the first report of heterophyid infection in man and carnivores in Iran. PMID- 7310108 TI - Resistance to Fasciola hepatica in sheep harbouring primary Schistosoma bovis infections. AB - A substantial level of resistance to a heterologous challenge with Fasciola hepatica was demonstrated in sheep harbouring primary non-patent (two- to three week-old) and newly patent (seven- to eight-week-old) Schistosoma bovis infections, the liver-fluke burdens being reduced by 70% and 93%, respectively, (p less than 0.01) in these groups compared with that of the challenge control group. The resistance was also reflected in less pronounced F. hepatica-induced liver damage and presumably also in a reduction of the egg-production capacity per established liver-fluke. In contrast, a corresponding heterologous resistance to challenge with F. hepatica could not be demonstrated in sheep harbouring primary 16- to 17-week-old S. bovis infections. Possible, presumably immunological, mechanisms involved in the observed cross-resistance are discussed, as is the possible practical relevance of this cross-resistance phenomenon in attempts to vaccinate sheep against F. hepatica. PMID- 7310109 TI - Comparative efficacy of standard antihookworm drugs against various test nematodes. AB - The chemotherapeutic responses of three test nematodes, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Nematospiroides dubius and Ancylostoma ceylanicum to standard antihookworm drugs were assessed in order to select a suitable host-parasite system for the primary screening of potential antihookworm compounds. N. dubius behaved inconsistently and, with some infections, required more drug to achieve 100% clearance. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was found to be sensitive to thiabendazole, tetramisole and levamisole but the broad spectrum anthelmintic mebendazole was ineffective. A. ceylanicum was very sensitive to mebendazole, sensitive to tetramisole and levamisole and refractory to thiabendazole. In vitro, none of the compounds had any lethal effect against any of the nematodes, except mebendazole against A. ceylanicum. A. ceylanicum does occur in man and its chemotherapeutic reactions are similar to those of target hookworm infections of economic importance. As such, although not equally sensitive to standard anthelmintics, it is recommended for routine primary screening. PMID- 7310110 TI - Application of a 'standardized factor' to egg counting techniques for better prediction of worm burdens. AB - The reliability of Stoll's dilution egg count technique, Beaver's direct smear technique and Katz's modified thick smear technique were evaluated on patients with ascariasis. Studies revealed that the modified thick smear technique appears to be more reliable and accurate. The use of these three techniques revealed a significant correlation between the number of eggs per gram (e.p.g.) and worm load. Following the introduction of a standardized factor in a study of 30 patients with worm infections, a highly significant correlation was obtained between the e.p.g. and the worm load for all three techniques. The use of a Standardized Factor is recommended for better prediction of the worm burden. The results of this study reveal that a female Ascaris lumbricoides lays an average of 218,094 (range 82.251-365,200) eggs daily. The ratio of male to female A. lumbricoides was 1 : 1.4. PMID- 7310111 TI - The effect of Trichinella spiralis on the rate of clearance of 51Cr-labelled sheep red blood cells and 125I-polyvinyl pyrrolidone from the bloodstream of mice. AB - Mice infected for one to eight weeks with Trichinella spiralis cleared either 51Cr-labelled sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or 125I-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) given intravenously. PVP was cleared more rapidly from the blood of mice infected for one week than from uninfected mice with older infections which behaved in a similar manner to the controls. SRBC were consistently cleared faster from the blood of mice infected for one week than from normal mice. If the infections were older than this a more rapid clearance was also demonstrated as long as the infections were reasonably heavy. PMID- 7310112 TI - Experimental ancylostomiasis in Swiss albino mice: adrenal and thyroid histopathology. AB - Remarkable hypertrophic changes were observed in the adrenal and thyroid glands of male mice after 7 to 16 days of infection with the filariform larvae of Ancylostoma caninum, but not in females. The adrenal gland revealed enormous enlargement of cells in the zonae glomerulosa, fasciculata and medulla, and also the formation of big vacuoles in the glomerular zone, whereas the thyroid gland showed distinctly hypertrophied follicular epithelium with marked acolloidal condition and follicular mass formation. These changes in the cellular diameter were highly significant (P greater than 0.001 to less than 0.005). The possible reasons for hyperactivity of these glands are discussed. PMID- 7310113 TI - [The postnatal development of the lamina V pyramidal cells in the temporal cortex of the albino rat]. AB - 1. The development of layer V pyramidal neurons is analysed quantitatively in albino rat temporal ("auditory") cortex from the 1st to the 90th postnatal days (12 stages). The length of apical dendrites, the number of primary dendrites and the total amount of apical dendrite spines are registered in Golgi-Cox preparations (55 animals). The diameters of the nucleus, length and width of the perikaryon and the relation between nucleus and perikaryon are measured in Nissl series (45 animals). 2. Two types of development can be recognised by the examined parameters: --Length of apical dendrites, number of primary dendrites and of apical dendrite spines aspire more or less continuously to a maximum value. --Sizes of nucleus and perikaryon show intermediately a higher value than the terminal one ("overshooting growth"). 3. The postnatal development of the parameters suggests that the dendritic growth (also after initiated phase) starts from the perikaryon and relates with dendritic neuroplasmic flow. 4. In order to give general statements about the evolution of layer V pyramidal neuron's rates of growth are counted and their degree of maturity is determined. The biggest rates of growth are reached up to the 12th day post partum. At this time the pyramidal neurons have a relatively high degree of maturity. 5. There are two periods with especially marked alterations of structure of the layer V pyramidal neurons. These alterations are regarded as morphokineses according to Scharf. I. The morphological changes between the 8th and the 12th day are regarded as "morphokinesis as a reaction to planned crises" (2.2., according to Scharf 1970). In this case the critical situation is the beginning of hearing of the young rats, which is to be prepared. II. The morphological changes between the 24th and 36th day take place in the critical period of primary socialization (Scott et al. 1974). This could be understood as "morphokinesis as a reaction to environmental influences" (2.1., according to Scharf 1970). In this period it is possible, that the layer V pyramidal neurons of the temporal cortex of the rat play a role in learning and memory. PMID- 7310114 TI - Morphology of the pineal organs of Mystus aor (Ham.) and Puntius sophore (Ham.) with special reference to their innervation. AB - In Puntius sophore and Mystus aor the pineal end-vesicle (EV) has prominent lumen which is in open communication with the third ventricle through the long hollow stalk. In both the species the EV as well as the stalk have all the three component cell types namely sensory epithelial, supportive and nerve cells. The outer segments of the photoreceptor cells gave positive reaction to PAS, alcian blue, aldehyde fuchsin, sudan black, acetic thionin and Heidenhains' iron haematoxylin, but almost negative to toluidine blue. Apart from the Palmgren, Cajal and Golgi, nerve impregnation techniques, the neurons could be identified with the aid of Heidenhains' iron haematoxylin, acetic thionin and toluidine blue. They are arranged in all planes generally in contact with the synaptic pedicles of the sensory epithelial cells. The axons of the neurons present both in EV and stalk contribute to the formation of the pineal tract which courses down the pineal stalk. Rapid Golgi technique is apparently selective as only less number of neurons are impregnated. But with Cajal and Palmgren the intense maze of axons present in the pineal could be demonstrated. In both the species bulk of the pineal tract could be traced into posterior commissure (PC) and subcommissural organ (SCO). However, in P. sophore some projections are seen entering the optic tectum and the ependymal lining of the third ventricle. PMID- 7310115 TI - Studies on the histomorphology of the caudal neurosecretory system and its neurohaemal organ of a freshwater teleost, Colisa fasciatus (Bloch and Schneider) (Anabantidae, Perciformes). AB - The caudal neurosecretory system of Colisa fasciatus has been studied light microscopically. It consists of Dahlgren cells present in the spinal-cord corresponding to the last three vertebrae, their processes and a lobate neurohaemal organ (urophysis) situated inside the centrum of the urostyle. Spinal cord behind the urophysis continues as filum-terminale. Urophysis may be divided into feabily developed central medulla and well developed peripheral cortex. Herring-bodies are present in the medullary part of the urophysis. Dahlgren cells, their axons and Herring bodies show similar tinctorial responses. They are stainable with acid dyes but do not take up Aldehyde fuchsin and Gomori's chromealum hematoxylin. Present histomorphological study revealed that the urophysis and the caudal neurosecretory system of this fish is highly developed. No sex dependent variation have been observed in the histology of the urophysis and Dahlgren cells of adult females and males. PMID- 7310116 TI - Age-related classification of pyramidal and stellate cells in the rat visual cortex: a Nissl study with the 'Morphoquant'. AB - (1) Using Nissl preparations and the automatic picture processing system 'MORPHOQUANT', VEB Carl Zeiss JENA, age-related classification of pyramidal and stellate cells of the layer IV in the rat's visual cortex was performed. (2) 12, 16, 20, 30, 90, and 420 days old animals were investigated. (3) Due to the high cell density and immature stage the neurons of an 8-day-old animal could not be measured. (4) A review is given about the automatic picture processing system 'MORPHOQUANT' and the applied computer program. (5) The analysis of one cell soma with the 'MORPHOQUANT' amounts to about 30 seconds. (6) The computer accepted 30 to 50% of the offered objects. The remaining ones could not be discriminated from the neighbourhood. (7) 14 standard features are registered and 7 statistically evaluated preferential taking into consideration area, form and texture of the objects. (8) 4 features are statistically relevant: soma area in picture points (KOFL) and whole extinction (EXTS) correspond to soma size; compactness (KOMP) and concentration of high grey values in the central part of the object (ZNTR) correspond to structural features of the soma, i.e. the structural density and the distribution patterns of strong coloured RNA and DNA particles. Form factors are not statistically relevant. (9) With increasing age the morphological features are clearer and the performance of the classificator is higher. (10) Soma size and structure of pyramidal and stellate cells develop similarly to an overshooting growth curve. The values reach the maximum approximately on postnatal day 16. (11) Age-related methodological and neurobiological problems are discussed. PMID- 7310117 TI - [Metric examinations on the development of apical dendrites of cortical pyramidal cells during the postnatal time in the rat]. AB - 1. It is explained the postnatal evolution of some selected features of Golgi impregnated layer V pyramidal neurons in the rat sensorimotor cortex from the 1st to the 90th day after birth (13 stages) quantitatively. Especially it is reported about the development of the length and the quantity of apical main dendrites and of the apical lateral branches from the 1st to the 3rd order as well as the branching behaviour of the dendrites (free ends of dendrites, branching points, ramification index). 2. The evolution of mean length of apical dendrites is represented by a sigmoidal polygon trace - like the classic growing curve. 3. During the 3rd month of the postnatal life the lateral branches of the apical dendrites show a distinct growing increase relating to the mean values of the total length of dendrites, their quantity and the branching behaviour. This intensification of growth is in contrast to the growing stagnation of the apical main dendrites in this time. 4. From this point of view it is deduced that relating to the maturation of pyramidal cells - contrary to the papers of other writers and contrary to a previous private conception - albino rats in the age of 3 months do not are differentiated cortical completely. 5. The several marks of pyramidal dendrites do not form themselves in the same time but successively. The maturing process of new dendrites or dendrite branches is the base of significant increase of the length. 6. It seems, that the formation of dendritic "tree" takes place in growing batches. In this context there are discussed the correlations between the morphometric conceivable changes in the cortical pyramids and the accession of functions in the animal. PMID- 7310118 TI - The raphe-reticular connection. An experimental study using the silver impregnation and horseradish peroxidase techniques in the rat. AB - The raphe-reticular connection in the rat was studied using the silver impregnation and peroxidase techniques. The raphe nuclei, were found to constitute two independent groups: the oblongata (ncl. raphealis magnus et parvus) and the pontomesencephalic groups (nuclei lineares, ncl. raphealis dorsalis and ncl. centralis superior). Inside each group the nuclei of either group are interconnected through the raphe-raphe projection but no such raphe raphe connection exists between the two groups. The raphe reticular connection follows much the same pattern of development in either group: each group of raphe nuclei supplies the medial as well as the lateral reticular formation at its frontal level and at all more rostral levels. Through their efferents the raphe nuclei of the oblongata supply the ncl. ventralis medullae oblongate, the ncl. gigantocellularis, ncl. pontis caudalis et oralis, ncl. pedunculo-pontinus, ncl. cuneiformis, and area prerubralis. The raphe nuclei of the oblongata do not send any projections to the more rostral levels. In the small-cell, lateral reticular formation the raphe efferents of the oblongata contribute to the ncl. dorsalis medullae oblongate and ncl. parvocellularis. The raphe-reticular fibres run in a diffuse bundle localized in the dorsolateral parts of the reticular formation along the dividing line between the medial and lateral reticular formations. The ponto-mesencephalic raphe nuclei send their efferents into the ncl. pontis oralis, ncl. pedunculo-pontinus, ncl. cuneiformis, and into the area prerubralis. The ascending fibres then extend on rostrally into the diencephalon. The raphe reticular bundle of these fibres passes diffusely through the dorsomedial portions of the reticular formation. Most of the efferents of the raphe nuclei of the ponto-mesencephalic group arise from the ncl. raphealis dorsalis and ncl. linearis caudalis. The ncl. centralis superior sends mainly raphe-raphe connections to the two above mentioned nuclei. The rest of the efferents of the ncl. centralis superior are merely poorly developed. PMID- 7310119 TI - Modulation of secretory activity in nucleus sacci vasculosi of Scylliorhinus canicula (L). AB - Data about the nervous regulation of secretion in nucleus sacci vasculosi of Scylliorhinus canicula are provided in the present study. The existence of cholinergic synapsis over secretory processes and electric synapsis among amyelinic fibers is shown. Likewise, images that demonstrate the existence of a type of merocrine secretion in which the secretory granules coming from the nucleus sacci vasculosi are emptied into the vessels, conserving their completeness while they pass through the pericapillary basal membrane are provided. PMID- 7310120 TI - Caudal neurosecretory system of a fresh water percid teleost, Colisa fasciatus (Bl. and Schn.): a histocytochemical study. AB - Histocytochemical aspects of the caudal neurosecretory system of C. fasciatus have been studied. Caudal neurosecretion is proteinaceous and contains free-NH2 groups. It does not contain-SH/-SS groups and carbohydrates. Dahlgren cells show positive reaction for RNA, and Nissl bodies. Small amount of lipid may be associated with the secretion. Neurosecretory axons are nonmyelinated. PMID- 7310121 TI - Reducing the endotoxic activity of pertussis vaccine. AB - Unadsorbed, regular production pertussis vaccine was treated with polymyxin B sulphate at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 microgram/ml. The toxic activity of treated and untreated vaccines was compared using both the limulus amoebocyte lysate test and the mouse-weight-gain test. Protective efficacy was also assessed by the mouse protection test. No discernible effect on either toxicity or efficacy of the pertussis vaccine was observed. When the vaccine was treated with 5000 microgram/ml of polymyxin, endotoxic activity assessed by the limulus lysate test appeared to be abolished. PMID- 7310122 TI - Antibody responses after repeated influenza A virus immunizations among schoolchildren in Japan. AB - Antibody responses to influenza virus immunizations were examined among junior high school students. The students received two doses of a commercial split product vaccine containing influenza A H1N1 during a 2-year period following the first appearance of H1N1 virus in the winter of 1977-78. In haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, the students who had been infected with H1N1 virus in 1977 78 showed a better response and wider cross-reactivity to the drift strain than the students who had not experienced earlier H1N1 influenza infection. Neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) antibody titres after immunization depended upon a history of natural infection with H1N1 virus, since students not previously infected showed no significant NAI antibody rise after immunization. PMID- 7310123 TI - The bacteriology of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and associated diseases. AB - Ninety-five patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis had a range of specimens taken at laparotomy for bacterial culture. Bacteria were isolated from 68% of cases. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen. Other aerobic and anaerobic intestinal bacteria were also isolated. Liver biopsy, bile and gallstones were the most rewarding specimens for culture. Infection was usually localized, but systemic infection occurred occasionally. The site of infection is probably in the liver parenchyma; however, the route by which intestinal bacteria invade the liver is not known. Sixty per cent of the cases of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis had gallstones and 20% were infected with Clonorchis sinensis. PMID- 7310124 TI - The occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in fresh food and survival under different conditions. AB - Campylobacter jejuni was an almost regular finding in chickens and in minced meat from pigs and cattle sold in ordinary food stores. The bacteria survived on the food at 4 degrees C for one week and frozen at -20 degrees C for three months. None of the strains tested survived heat treatment at 60 degrees C for longer than 15 min. C. jejuni is apparently a frequent guest in most kitchens. Correct food handling and heat treatment to at least 60 degrees C for 15 min should be enough to prevent infection. PMID- 7310125 TI - Ecological aspects of the epidemiology of infection with leptospires of the Ballum serogroup in the black rat (Rattus rattus) and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) in New Zealand. AB - Epidemiological aspects of infection with leptospires of the Ballum serogroup in black rats (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are described. Rats inhabiting a variety of habitats were investigated and isolates identifed as belonging to the Ballum serogroup were obtained from 21 of 61 black rats (34%) and 63 of 243 brown rats (26%). The high level of endemic ballum serogroup infection in these species reported here has not been described in other countries. A statistical relationship was shown between the prevalence of infection in brown rat populations and population density but this was not evident for black rats. Epidemiological data indicates that the black rat is a maintenance host for leptospires of the Ballum serogroup in New Zealand. The brown rat does not appear to be an efficient maintenance host for these leptospires, however endemic infection can be maintained in high-density populations inhabiting synanthropic foci. An hypothesis of 'competitive exclusion' (preferential maintenance of a particular serovar by a host species) is introduced with regard to leptospiral infection in brown rats. It is concluded that the establishment and maintenance of an endemic focus of leptospirosis is dependant on: introduction of a particular serovar; a suitable host; and a suitable host habitat. Within a maintenance population direct transmission appears to be more important than indirect transmission via the environment. PMID- 7310126 TI - Hepatitis in dialysis units in the United Kingdom: a Public Health Laboratory Service Survey. AB - A prospective study of hepatitis that began in 1968 and continues to include more than half the dialysis units in the United Kingdom shows that type B infection has been completely controlled in such units since the last outbreak ended in 1973. Though occasionally a single patient has developed hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in the course of dialysis or after transplantation, the infection has not spread to other patients or staff in the survey units. A detailed analysis of the results in 1974-75 shows clustering of patients with raised aminotransferase levels in about one-fifth of the units but, unlike past outbreaks of hepatitis B, these clusters are not accompanied by clinical hepatitis among staff. The possibility that some of the clusters are caused by hepatitis viruses other than type A or B is discussed. It is concluded that, when reliable tests for type non-A non-B infections become available, the continued existence of the survey will allow prompt assessment of any viral hepatitis problems that may still exist in UK units. PMID- 7310127 TI - A study of the incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Malaysian shrimp undergoing processing for export. AB - The incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in products of the Malaysian export shrimp processing industry was investigated through the stages from the catch to that of the cooked, peeled and frozen product. The organism was commonly found in freshly caught and landed shrimp, and could be detected by enrichment culture at all stages of processing. The number of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp varied from nil to 4x10(4), and 19 of the 50 serotypes in the current antigenic scheme were found, O1-K38 and O1-K32 occurring most often. All the isolates were Kanagawa negative; one strain was a sucrose-positive variant. The study indicated that specifications of 10(2) g-1 for V. parahaemolyticus in raw tropical shellfish are too stringent but that the Malaysian shrimp industry should be able to meet this requirement for cooked shrimp. PMID- 7310128 TI - Salmonella dublin infection of calves: use of small doses to simulate natural infection on the farm. AB - Small numbers of Salmonella dublin were used to infect calves in an attempt to simulate natural infection on the farm. Twenty calves were exposed to S. dublin by one or more of the following methods: Sucking cows which were excreting S. dublin in their faeces (less than 10(2)-10(5) organisms/g). Housing on S. dublin contaminated bedding. Drinking S. dublin contaminated water (10(2)-10(4) organisms/ml). During this experiment some calves were given therapeutic does of oxytetracycline. After exposure the calves were examined for faecal excretion of S. dublin (in some instances mouth swabs and blood samples were also examined) and for clinical signs of illness. Most of the calves became infected with S. dublin but excretion was usually sporadic and the numbers of salmonellas excreted were small. No clinical signs of salmonellosis were observed by S. dublin was isolated from one calf at post-mortem. Another six calves, dosed orally with either 10(6) or 10(8) S. dublin, showed signs of mild illness and although three calves had diarrhoea excretion of salmonellas was intermittent. S. dublin was isolated from one of these calves at post-mortem. PMID- 7310129 TI - Effect of cooking and cold storage on biologically active antibiotic residues in meat. AB - An investigation was undertaken to see if cooking or cold storage would destroy or decrease the level of biologically active antibiotic in tissues from animals given therapeutic doses of antibiotic on three occasions prior to slaughter. The effects of cooking and cold storage on the biological activity of the residues of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, streptomycin and sulphadimidine were varied; in some instances the effects were minimal, in others nil. PMID- 7310130 TI - An unusual sequel to imported Salmonella zanzibar. AB - In August, 1980 a rare serotype S. zanzibar was isolated in the North of Scotland from a man home on leave from Malaysia, whence he returned in November having been bacteriologically negative 2 months previously. In December however, S. zanzibar was isolated from a bulk milk sample taken at a nearby dairy farm. No illness occurred among milking cows which had been brought inside from pasture in mid-October. Since 1972 a variety of different salmonella serotypes had been identified in cattle, milk and other samples at this farm, with seagulls being implicated as the vector transmitting infection from the sewage of a local town on to farmland and an adjacent loch. Although water from this source has not been used in recent years for drinking by cattle, it is utilized for washing floors within the dairy premises. Since 1979, following an outbreak affecting consumers, all milk produced at the farm has been pasteurized. PMID- 7310131 TI - Human monocyte function in vitro: influence of conditions during transport of blood from patient to laboratory. AB - Monocyte functional tests were carried out on samples of peripheral human blood which had been subjected to 4 different conditions of transport and temperature. There was no difference in cell viability or pinocytic, phagocytic and chemotactic activity of monocytes isolated from blood exposed to these different conditions. However, the yield of monocytes obtained after metrizoate/polysucrose centrifugation was very low when blood samples in transit were kept for 2 h at 0- 4 degrees C. It is concluded that a period of transport up to 24 h is acceptable, provided the temperature of the blood sample is kept between 15 and 25 degrees C. PMID- 7310132 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis under agarose: a statistical analysis and comparison of the chemotactic response of cells from different donors. AB - Distance of migration and cumulative cell count were determined in parallel to quantitate migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) of healthy volunteers in the chemotaxis-under-agarose assay. The cumulative percent distributions of the rates of spontaneous migration in the absence of an attractant, of chemokinetic migration in zymosan-activated human serum (ZAS) incorporated in agarose, and of chemotactic migration toward ZAS were approximately normal. Cord blood PMNs are known to respond poorly to ZAS in vitro; this was used to determine whether the chemotactic indices (CI: ratio of migration toward ZAS to spontaneous migration) and the chemotactic differentials (CD: difference between migration toward ZAS and spontaneous migration) correlated with impaired chemotaxis under agarose. Both CI and CD values of cord PMNs were significantly low, indicating a positive correlation. The CI values of healthy volunteers correlated negatively with spontaneous migration, whereas the correlation of the CD values was neither negative nor positive. Since spontaneous migration of PMNS varies, the results support the use of CD values when comparing chemotactic responses of PMNs from different donors; e.g., the CD values were determined to evaluate the responsiveness of HLA-B27-positive PMNs, which we recently found to migrate under agarose toward ZAS more than HLA-B27-negative PMNs. The CD values of HLA-B27-positive PMNs were significantly high, indicating that the cells were high responders. PMID- 7310133 TI - Pneumococcal typing by polyvalent counterimmunoelectrophoresis (PIE). AB - A one-step polyvalent counterimmunoelectrophoresis (PIE) method for the typing of pneumococci is describe. Only one antiserum is used (omniserum, containing antibodies to greater than 80 pneumococcal types) and it is not necessary to stock large numbers of monospecific typing sera. By observing reactions of identity between the precipitin lines produced by the pneumococcus under test, and the specific capsular polysaccharide precipitin lines in a reference pattern produced by the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine 'Pneumovax', a cumulative percentage of 64.6% of pneumococcal types isolated could be typed. The method is simple, reproducible, inexpensive and provides a permanent stained record. PMID- 7310134 TI - Statistical aspects of cell motility determinations with a modified chemotaxis assembly for multiwell filter assays. AB - A multiple chamber assembly for determination of neutrophil migration consisting of disposable lower plastic chambers and an easily cleaned and inert upper chamber made of stainless steel was constructed and used in experimental work. Using results of chemotaxis determinations in the assembly and a statistical model the consequences of various ways to present cell migration data are discussed. With any method for multiple measurements of chemotaxis of cells from a given sample, there are occasional extreme results ('outliers') deviating considerably from other determinations. We show that the medians of chemotaxis determinations performed in triplicate are less influenced by such outliers than the mean values. The risk of an outlier affecting the median value was in our assembly about 0.2%, compared with a 10% chance of influencing the mean value. PMID- 7310135 TI - Immune response to immobilized sheep erythrocyte monolayer. AB - Spleen cells from adult specific pathogen-free miniature swine were exposed to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) 2 monolayers to follow the course of the immune response to immobilized particulate antigen. Spleen cells in medium were incubated for various time intervals on the monolayers, removed and cultured in new dishes without further exposure to SRBC antigen for 5.5 days. Spleen cells from unimmunized "normal" animals responded maximally with 6-h exposure to a monolayer consisting of 75% SRBC and 25% autologous pig red blood cells. Spleen cells from SRBC primed animals also responded optimally to monolayers of 75% SRBC but required only 2-h exposure before culturing. Only minimal numbers of SRBC were released from the monolayers, and carryover of antigen from the monolayer to the fresh tissue culture dishes was not a factor in promoting response. This method of in vitro immunization provides for pulse exposure to particulate antigen and facilitates precise evaluation of the role of antigen during the course of the immune response. PMID- 7310136 TI - Comparison of methyl-para-hydroxybenzimidate and 1,3,5-trichlorotriazine in producing sensitive target cells for use in the hemolytic spot assay. AB - Two bifunctional reagents were shown to be useful in the coupling of immunogens to the surface of either nucleated or non-nucleated cells. The heterobifunctional reagent methyl- para -hydroxybenzimidate was used to couple aromatic amino haptens to the surface of SRBC which resulted in a stable and sensitive target cell capable of detecting as little as 20 pg of purified anti-hapten antibody in the hemolytic spot assay. The multifunctional reagent 1, 3, 5-trichlorotriazine yielded similar results when coupling amino-haptens to the surface of SRBC for use in the hemolytic spot assay. This reagent was also used to couple protein to the surface of SRBC which were able to detect as low as 1 ng of purified anti protein antibody in the hemolytic spot assay. The sensitized SRBC produced using either of these coupling reagents were shown to remain stable for several months giving reproducible results from one test to another. Lastly, 1, 3, 5 trichlorotriazine was used to couple the hapten 4-aminophthalate to the surface of nucleated cells with retention of greater than 90% cell viability with continued growth and cellular division in culture. PMID- 7310137 TI - Use of a computer to evaluate sigmoidal curves in serology by a new procedure. AB - Serological standard curves are mostly sigmoidal in shape. Their transformation into straight lines by linear regression can be the source of serious error. Log/log or logit/log handling of the values can straighten the curve but only if their distribution is normal. A new way of calculating concentrations of antibody or antigen which leaves the standard curve unmanipulated is described. Computer programs for TI 59 (Texas Instruments) and--in BASIC--for a personal computer have been written and greatly facilitate routine work. PMID- 7310138 TI - Paraformaldehyde fixation of hematopoietic cells for quantitative flow cytometry (FACS) analysis. AB - The objective of this study was to find a simple method to preserve cells for subsequent flow cytometry (FACS) analysis. We determined that fixation in 1% paraformaldehyde-0.85% saline solution did not significantly alter the Coulter volume, light scatter of fluorescence properties of the cells. This method was suitable for all cell types analyzed, including mouse, human and rat lymphoid cells, erythrocytes and transformed cell lines. Furthermore, fixed cells, previously stained with fluorescein conjugated antibodies, could be stored at 4 degrees C in the dark for at least a week prior to FACS analysis. This method should prove useful to those who work with in vivo derived specimens or have limited access to flow cytometry facilities. PMID- 7310139 TI - Monocyte purification with counterflow centrifugation monitored by continuous flow cytometry. AB - Continuous monitoring of cell light scatter during counterflow centrifugation of a mononuclear cell suspension allows counting and size recognition of the cell types elutriated. With this method an optimal separation point between monocytes and lymphocytes, determined for each individual donor, may be established. With a constant flow of 15 ml/min this separation point is found at centrifugal velocities ranging from 2348 to 2444 rpm (n = 10). From 50 ml venous blood, 84.1% +/- 4.1% (15.7 +/- 8.6 x 10(6)) of all elutriated monocytes, with a purity of 92.4% +/- 1.4%, is collected in a volume of 50 +/- 1 ml. In the same run, 92% +/- 4.3% of the lymphocytes is gathered in one fraction with a purity of 98.9% +/- 0.7%. After counterflow centrifugation, 91.6 +/- 10.5% of the cells loaded is recovered; viability exceeds 98%. PMID- 7310140 TI - A new radioimmunoassay for IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors, based on a double antibody method. AB - A new radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors. Diluted sera from donors and patients were incubated with immunoprecipitates prepared from sheep serum and rabbit anti-sheep IgG antiserum. The precipitates were washed, and radioiodinated rabbit F(ab')2 fragments specific from human IgM or IgG were added. The precipitates were isolated from filtration and measured in a gamma counter. With this assay IgM rheumatoid factors were detected in sera from all patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and in sera from 40% of patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. IgG rheumatoid factors were found in sera from 68% of the seropositive and 40% of the seronegative patients. Gel filtration experiments demonstrated that it is possible to detect monomeric IgG rheumatoid factors and IgM rheumatoid factors of molecular weight smaller than pentameric IgM. Furthermore it has been shown that IgG rheumatoid factor activity is still present after reduction of IgM rheumatoid factors with dithiothreitol. PMID- 7310141 TI - Measurement of staphylococcal protein A and detection of protein A-carrying staphylococcus strains by a competitive ELISA method. AB - A competitive ELISA for the estimation of staphylococcal protein A is described. Tetanus toxoid is insolubilized on polystyrene and incubated with human antitoxin, which renders the Fc-piece of this antibody freely accessible to protein A. The binding of the latter is demonstrated by its competition with protein A-phosphatase conjugate. The method has been shown to be sensitive and reproducible. It has been used for the detection of protein A in culture supernatants and on living pathogenic staphylococci. The test could therefore be of diagnostic value. Protein A is also present in extracts of food contaminated with enterotoxic staphylococci. It can be eliminated by a simple absorption with insoluble porcine IgG. PMID- 7310143 TI - Peritoneal biopsy suspected cases of tuberculous peritonitis with ascites. PMID- 7310142 TI - Serum protein pattern in tuberculosis in children. PMID- 7310145 TI - A study of accident injury cases among children (1-12 years) in an industrial township of West Bengal. PMID- 7310144 TI - Post- tubal ligation hysterectomy. PMID- 7310146 TI - Functioning carcinoid of the appendix. PMID- 7310147 TI - An unusual case of choriocarcinoma. PMID- 7310148 TI - Modification of Berger's operation for forequarter amputation. PMID- 7310149 TI - Surgical problems of acute onset in leprosy patients and their management in Leprosy Control Programme. PMID- 7310151 TI - Osteomalacia associated with haemangiopericytoma. PMID- 7310150 TI - Phototherapy. PMID- 7310153 TI - Medical education. PMID- 7310152 TI - Tuberculoma of the liver. PMID- 7310154 TI - Arthritis in childhood. PMID- 7310155 TI - Maternal mortality in Indiana: a report of maternal deaths in 1979. PMID- 7310156 TI - The benefit of ultrasound imaging in evaluation of the breast: review of a 3-year clinical program. PMID- 7310157 TI - Umbrellas and mole beans: a warning about acute ricin poisoning. PMID- 7310159 TI - Public health notes: raw milk. PMID- 7310158 TI - Clinical use of glycosylated hemoglobin. PMID- 7310160 TI - [Secondary amputation of the penis in the sequelae of local therapy with iridium 192 for carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports 4 cases of severe delayed irradiation complications which required partial or complete secondary amputation of the penis for sequelae of local therapy with Iridium. After reviewing the modes of spread of carcinoma of the penis and the various therapeutic possibilities in the light of these 4 cases, the author raises the question as to whether such conservative treatment by interstitial radiotherapy is well-founded. He would tend to suggest immediate surgery giving an identical result at the price of much shorter treatment and which would be free of the complications reported following radiotherapy. PMID- 7310161 TI - [Iatrogenic stenosis of the male urethra. 50 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The iatrogenic aetiology of urethral stenosis now plays a considerable role : 40.6% of stenoses seen between 1966 and 1980. It would appear to be increasing in frequency : 10 new cases per year during the past 4 years. The role of the indwelling urethral catheter is particularly troublesome despite the constant improvement in the material used. With the exception improvement in the material used. With the exception of 11 meatal stenosis after circumcision, 2 apparently post-radiotherapy stenosis and 3 strictures after cytoscopy, a urethral catheter was alone responsible in 14 cases and apparently the principal factor in 20 others (i.e. 34/50). The treatment of iatrogenic stenosis of the urethra involves all methods, with a marked preference for internal urethrotomy. Finally, prevention is based essentially upon more caution in the use of indwelling urethral catheters. PMID- 7310162 TI - [Early repair of rupture of the posterior urethra in males. Report on 10 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Repair operations were performed in 10 men with recent ruptures of the posterior urethra, between 1972 and 1980. One-stage segmental urethrectomy and end-to-end urethrorrhaphy was performed immediately (5 cases) or deferred to a late date (5 cases), with (2 cases) or without (8 cases) protective cystostomy. The origin of the lesions in these cases is discussed. The results obtained in these 10 patients are compared with those observed in 6 other cases treated urgently by cystostomy, with or without perineal drainage, followed by urethral reconstruction after a period of 2 to 6 months. Healing occurred within a mean period of 27 days in the first group, and 185 days in the second. Urinary fistulae developed in 20 p. cent of the patients in the first group, and 17 p. cent of those in the second group. Urinary continence was good in 100 p. cent of the first and 67 p. cent of the second group, a sterile urine being obtained in 100 p. cent and 83 p. cent of cases respectively. Sexual disorders were reported in 10 p. cent of the first and 67 p. cent of the second group. The authors conclude that urgent immediate or deferred reconstruction should be conducted in recent ruptures of the posterior urethra in men. Micturition urethrography after IVU. and retrograde urethrography, are essential investigations for detecting the lesions. Retrograde urethrography should be conducted with a small quantity (10 ml) of contrast medium, as soon as possible after plastic surgery. The authors employ segmental urethrectomy followed by end-to-end urethrorrhaphy, which has given better results than Solovov-Badenoch's urethroplasty. PMID- 7310163 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of fetal urinary malformations (author's transl)]. AB - Echotomography performed during the last third of the pregnancy is able to demonstrate congenital malformation of the urinary tract in the foetus. Two main types of malformations can be distinguished from a practical point of vue : the obstructive uropathies (hydronephrosis, megaureters, urethral valves) and non obstructive malformations (multicystic kidneys, polycystic disease). It is mainly in the first group that early knowledge of the malformation will allow earlier surgical correction, hopefully before infectious complications develop. PMID- 7310164 TI - [Sub-costal xypho-umbilico flap. A new approach to the neoplastic kidney (author's transl)]. AB - The authors suggest a new approach to the kidney tumors: the xypho-umbilical subcostal flap incision. This incision offers the advantages of the transversal as well as of the longitudinal approaches and gives a very satisfactory exposition of the surgical field. The authors report 52 cases of renal tumors operated on with this approach in the last 5 years: because of the optimal view it allows and of the lack of complications they suggest this incision as a method of choice in the majority of the cases of renal tumor. PMID- 7310165 TI - DNA measurements by single nuclei flow cytometry in human actinic skin lesions. AB - A basal cell carcinoma, a Bowenoid carcinoma and clinically normal nonexposed skin from a 76-yr-old male with numerous epidermal tumors on sun-damaged skin were investigated by DNA flow cytometry and the results were compared with data obtained from normal skin of a control group. From each type of skin lesion 3 different biopsies were examined. Each of the DNA frequency distribution histograms showed bimodal configuration revealing no more than one DNA stem line, which was diploid in the unaffected skin and the Bowen carcinoma and hyperdiploid in the basal cell carcinoma. The 3 different types of skin could be clearly separated by means of at least 1 of 3 parameters: S-fraction, G2 + M fraction or S/G2 + M index. The S/G2 + M index came out as the most sensitive discriminator for the tumors. The S-fraction level was higher in the clinically normal skin of the investigated male than in the control group and further high in the tumors. PMID- 7310166 TI - Ultraviolet light sensitivity and prolonged UVR-erythema. AB - We have compared the erythema and tanning responses in skin type I (n = 15) and skin type IV (n = 17) Caucasoids following a single exposure to solar simulated radiation. The former sunburn easily and do not tan while the latter do not burn and tan readily. The dose of radiation was 5 times the Minimal Erythema Dose (MED). The test sites were the extensor aspect of the forearm (exposed site) and flexor aspect of the upper arm (nonexposed site). The responses were monitored at 24 and 48 hr and then twice weekly for 8 weeks. The group of skin type I individuals had a lower MED and a much more prolonged erythema on both the exposed and nonexposed sites than the group of type IV individuals. All differences were highly significant (p less than 0.005). After 4 weeks erythema remained present in all of the type I subjects but had disappeared in 16 of the 17 type IV subjects. Within the groups there was no difference between erythema duration on exposed vs. nonexposed sites, but there was a highly significant difference (p less than 0.005) between the lower MED on the upper arm and higher MED on the forearm. These results contrast with those of other reports in which prolonged erythema could not be correlated with fair complexion, sunburn sensitivity, ethnic background, or skin type but was instead found to be a distinct feature of persons who had developed nonmelanoma skin cancer. Since prolonged erythema is related to skin type it is therefore not solely a feature of patients with skin cancer. PMID- 7310167 TI - Fine structural and morphometric studies of the Merkel cell during fetal and postnatal development. AB - The morphological and morphometric changes of the Merkel cells during fetal and postnatal development were studied in the glabrous digital pads of rats. In 20 day-old fetus rats, the Merkel cells we observed were present in the lower spinous and basal layers, and not associated with axon terminals. The Merkel cell granules were few and sparse. The Merkel cell had clumps of fibrils and formed many desmosomes with surrounding keratinocytes. In postnatal rats, innervation was followed by an increase in the number of Merkel cell granules, and their specific accumulation. The fibrils of the Merkel cells were not prominent. It was found by t-test that the numerical density of the Merkel cell granules significantly increased from the fetal stage to 4-day-old postnatal rats. These results suggest that the Merkel cells are present in the epidermis without nerve contact in 20-day-old fetus rats, and that innervation is necessary for the increase of cellular activity in Merkel cells. PMID- 7310169 TI - Ultrastructural studies of elastotic material and elastic fibers in aged skin before and after autoclaving. AB - Elastotic material and aged elastic fibers of patients with solar elastosis before and after autoclaving was studied using the tannic acid stain as well as the conventional stain. The amorphous matrix of the elastotic material and the elastic fibers stained positive with the tannic acid stain. In the fibrous form of elastotic material and in the elastic fibers both electron-dense inclusions and the amorphous matrix remained unchanged after autoclaving, while microfibrils were removed. In the amorphous form the fine granular component and round bodies were removed after autoclaving, and the moderately electron-dense amorphous component with a reticular or net-like appearance remained. It has been suggested that the elastotic degenerative changes are (1) expansion of the electron-dense inclusions to form a larger part of the fiber; (2) transformation of the inclusions into moderately electron-dense material, composing mainly of a fine granular component and an amorphous one; and (3) disorganization of the moderately electron-dense material. PMID- 7310168 TI - Morphological changes induced by Naftifine, a new antifungal agent, in Trichophyton mentagrophytes. AB - The morphological changes in the hyphae of Trichophyton mentagrophytes treated with Naftifine (0.01-0.5 micrograms/ml) were studied by light and electron microscopy. The most striking changes observed following treatment with this new antimycotic agent were bulb-shaped thickenings at the hyphal tips and dose dependent, spherical, or drop-shaped depositions of varying size within the cells. The abnormal formations were not only visible in the cytoplasm (discrete or aggregated in vacuoles), but also in the region of the cell membrane, in all layers of the cell wall and on the cell surface. Their lipid nature can be deduced from several significant characteristics including osmiophily, the conchoidal fracture surface observed in freeze-fracture replicas and their extractability with acetone. This evidence suggests that the antimycotic action of Naftifine results from interaction of the agent with fungal lipid metabolism and possibly from alterations of the cell wall structure. The latter is also suggested by the changes observed in the hyphal tips. PMID- 7310170 TI - IgA-associated inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in neutrophilic dermatoses. AB - The chemotactic activity of normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) confronted with heat inactivated sera from patients with psoriasis as well as various chronic proliferative diseases was determined using modified Boyden chambers. By the addition of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at a concentration of 1 ng/ml the chemoattractant activities of the sera were greatly potentiated. However, the chemotactic migration of normal PMNs was strongly inhibited by sera from patients with long standing and wide spread psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum, severe acne conglobata, Sweet syndrome, and some patients with chronic arthritis following rheumatoid fever. In acute guttate psoriasis and atopic dermatitis increased migratory activities were seen. The inhibition of chemotaxis correlated with increased serum IgA levels as determined by radial immuno diffusion. Column chromatography (Sephacryl S-300) revealed serum fractions of strong inhibitory potency at a molecular weight near 200,000 Dalton. These inhibitory fractions were seen in patients with long standing neutrophil related diseases and could not be detected in normal control sera. It appears that inhibition of PMN chemotaxis is a secondary phenomenon and may play an autoregulatory role in PMN related inflammation. PMID- 7310172 TI - A method for partial purification of lamellar granules from fetal rat epidermis. AB - A subcellular fraction enriched with lamellar granules was obtained from homogenates of fetal rat epidermis by means of density gradient fractionation in metrizamide. 62% of organelles in this fraction were bounded by single membranes and measured 80-130 nm in the shorter diameter. About 10% of these had characteristic lamellae. Other structures in this fraction were larger vesicles (20%) or smaller organelles and vesicles (18%). The fraction had a low buoyant density (1.08-1.10) suggesting a high lipid content and contained a sharply localized peak of acid phosphatase activity. The 80-130 nm organelles reacted with bismuth after oxidation with periodic acid and were positive for acid phosphatase. Other intracellular organelles (e.g., lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes) as well as keratin fibrils and keratohyalin were not present. It is concluded that most of this fraction consists of lamellar granules, permitting for the first time detailed investigations of the composition and metabolism of these organelles. PMID- 7310171 TI - The separation of susceptibility to psoriasis from age at onset. AB - The prevalence of psoriasis among first-degree relatives of 1209 patients with severe psoriasis was studied by means of a questionnaire survey. Siblings of patients with an affected parent were more than 4 times as likely to have psoriasis as siblings of patients without an affected parent. Siblings of patients with onset before age 15 were more than 3 times as likely to have psoriasis as siblings of patients with onset after age 30. The increased prevalence associated with each factor was independent of the other factor. This relation suggests that determinants of susceptibility to psoriasis are separate from factors that influence age at onset in those who are susceptible. This separation is important because the genetics and biochemistry of susceptibility may be less complex than for age at onset. Prevalence among offspring was less than age-adjusted prevalence among siblings with an affected parent which suggests the major determinant of susceptibility is not a single dominant allele. PMID- 7310173 TI - Recurrent bacterial meningitis associated with C8 and IgA deficiency. AB - A patient with recurrent bacterial meningitis who lacked circulating C8, serum IgA, and secretory IgA is reported. The combined absence of C8 and IgA deficiency has not been previously noted. Although the association of disseminated neisserial infection and absence of the terminal complement components is now well established, the deficiency of bactericidal capability as well as mucosal humoral defense may have been additive in predisposing the patient to recurrent meningitis. The pedigree was uninformative regarding possible linkage of these two uncommon genetic errors. PMID- 7310174 TI - Epidemic measles and rubella in air force recruits: impact of immunization. AB - The safety of attenuated viral vaccines against measles and rubella and their efficacy in controlling a massive outbreak of these two diseases in air force recruits at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, were studied. Recorded cases of measles declined from a high of 1,345 in 1976 to a low of 227 in 1979. Similarly, rubella cases declined from a peak before the immunization program of 1,361 in 1977 to a low of 67 in 1979. A controlled study of morbidity related to immunization revealed that there is less immediate local morbidity from immunizations against measles and rubella than with other routine immunizations. Recruits who received the attenuated viral vaccines reported fever, myalgias, and diarrhea only slightly more frequently than did recruits in the concurrent control group. The present data indicate that measles and rubella, increasingly consequential diseases among young adults, can be safely and effectively controlled with attenuated viral vaccines. PMID- 7310175 TI - Infection with Schistosoma mekongi in Southeast Asian refugees. AB - Schistosoma mekongi is a newly recognized species of Schistosoma that is closely related to Schistosoma japonicum and is pathogenic to humans. Like the other forms of schistosomiasis in which the parasites reside in the mesenteric vasculature, S. mekongi infection has hepatosplenomegaly and portal venous hypertension as its most common serious sequelae. Schistosomiasis, although endemic in certain areas of Southeast Asia, has not been recognized as a health problem in Asian refugees who are currently entering the United States. In the present study 12 Laotian immigrants with S. mekongi infection were examined. The clinical, laboratory, and parasitologic findings in these patients are discussed. The diagnosis was made by examination of stool specimens in 11 patients and rectal biopsy specimens in one patient. All patients were asymptomatic, although the six youngest children had hepatomegaly. It is suggested that specific serologic tests may be useful in screening Asian refugees for infection with Schistosoma. PMID- 7310176 TI - Nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. AB - Based on five years of surveillance in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), host and therapeutic risk factors for nosocomial infection were determined and the impact of staffing and environment on the rate of nosocomial infection was evaluated. From January 1974 to February 1977, infants occupied a crowded, hectic NICU that lacked basic infection control features, and 5.2% of the infants had at least one major nosocomial infection. The risk of nosocomial infection was associated with low birth weight, patent ductus arteriosus, surgery, and multiple supportive measures. After a new NICU opened in February 1977, 0.9% of the patients had major nosocomial infections (relative risk [old nursery/new nursery] = 5.06; P less than 10(-5); 95% confidence interval, 2.62-9.73). Improvements included 50% more nurses, increased space per infant, convenient sinks, and isolation facilities. Host and therapeutic risk factors for nosocomial infections were comparable in the old and new nurseries. The decrease in the rate of nosocomial infections therefore appeared to be due to improved staffing and environment. PMID- 7310177 TI - Stability of cephalosporins in commercial sera. PMID- 7310178 TI - Decreased antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis under anaerobic culture conditions. PMID- 7310180 TI - Cardiac surgery in infancy. PMID- 7310179 TI - Immunity induced by formalin-inactivated mumps virus vaccine: suppression of IgM antibody response. PMID- 7310181 TI - [From assisted circulation to artificial heart (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310182 TI - [Valve replacement with special reference to studies on improvement of the direct results]. PMID- 7310183 TI - [Palliative surgery of congenital heart diseases in infants]. PMID- 7310185 TI - [Surgical treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 7310184 TI - [Surgical therapy of achalasia of esophagus]. PMID- 7310186 TI - [Pneumonectomy in the aged]. PMID- 7310187 TI - [Esophagoplasty and postoperative metabolism]. PMID- 7310188 TI - [Clinical application of the right ventricle-pulmonary artery jump graft]. PMID- 7310189 TI - [Pulmonary emphysematous cyst]. PMID- 7310190 TI - [Assisted circulation]. PMID- 7310191 TI - [Laser microprobe mass spectrometer (LAMMS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310192 TI - [Enzymatic cycling (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310193 TI - [Physiological chemistry of branched chain amino acid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310194 TI - [A comment on the evolution of urea cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310195 TI - [The role and secretion of prolactin in the human fetus and neonate (author's transl)]. AB - Prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and estradiol-17 beta (E2-17 beta) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in umbilical venous serum from 118 full term normal infants and 11 anencephalic infants. In anencephalic infants, the concentration of GH:2.4 +/- 1.6 ng/ml (mean +/- SD, n = 11) and E2-17 beta:2.3 +/ 1.4 ng/ml (n = 6) were significantly lower than those in normal infants (GH: 16.5 +/- 9.0 ng/nl n = 65; E2-17 beta:12.4 +/- 8.0 ng/ml, n = 108). There was no significant difference of PRL levels between normal infants (324 +/- 118 ng/ml, n = 118) and anencephalic infants (253 +/- 86 ng/ml, n = 10). There was significant positive correlations between PRL and E2-17 beta levels in normal infants (p less than 0.01), and was significant negative correlation between PRL levels and birth weight (p less than 0.01). These results suggested that PRL secretion is affected by estrogens during fetal period and fetal PRL has some effects for the regulation of fetal growth as somatogenic hormone. PMID- 7310196 TI - [Effect of pregnancy on hemoglobin A1 in normal and diabetic women (author's transl)]. AB - Hemoglobin A1, a normal minor variant of adult HbA in which the N-terminal valine of the beta chain is glycosylated by a Schiff base. The increased levels of HbA1 in diabetic subjects have been correlated with various indicators of diabetic control during preceding weeks, suggesting that HbA1 measurement is an index of long term blood-glucose control. Considerable attention is now paid to diabetic control during pregnancy because maternal hyperglycemia is believed to be partly responsible for increased prevalence of fetal morbidity and mortality. HbA1 was assayed during pregnancy with the Helena glycosylated hemoglobin quik column kit using an ion exchange resin. 1. HbA1 correlated with HbA1c during pregnancy, r = 0.834, p less than 0.001. 2. HbA1 did not alter during pregnancy as compared to the non-pregnant group, 7.26 +/- 0.85% vs 7.09 +/- 0.60%. 3. There was no relationship between HbA1 and hemoglobin. 4. A significant direct relationship was not found for HbA1 and the infant weight. 5. The diabetic group had elevated levels of HbA1 to the normal group but gradually decreased to normal levels after a rigid control was achieved. 6. None of pregnant diabetics whose HbA1 was normal on presentation gave large baby for gestational age. It is speculated that these fluctuation in HbA1 are most likely due to changes in long-term blood glucose control. HbA should decline to reach a constant, low level as soon as possible in diabetic pregnancy. This tool should add in management of diabetic pregnancy to improve the outcome of pregnancy. PMID- 7310197 TI - [Serum ferritin levels in patient with gynecological malignancy--especially the judgement of therapeutic response and the monitor during the post-therapeutic follow-up period (author's transl)]. AB - Serum ferritin levels in patients with gynecological malignancy were measured by radioimmunoassay and in addition CEA, AFP and CRP were measured simultaneously. No samples had elevated values more than 200 ng/ml in none malignancy. The serum ferritin levels was elevated (greater than 200 ng/ml) in many patients with advanced cervical cancer and its recurrence, while early stage were almost within normal ferritin range. Patients with ovarian cancer showed normal ferritin levels, but its recurrence showed almost within normal levels than other groups. Serial measurements of serum ferritin showed a fall in patients who responded to radiation therapy or chemotherapy. In patients with tumor progression during therapy, ferritin values increased. The highest ferritin levels were found in patients with the time of recurrence and death. Ferritin levels showed low values in 5 cases of ovarian cancer without symptoms of recurrence on follow-up over 18 months. No correlation was found between ferritin and CEA or AFP levels in different patients except some cases. These results suggest that determination of serum ferritin may be useful to detect recurrence and to monitor the result of treatment. PMID- 7310198 TI - [Synthesis of prolactin by human decidua in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Human decidua, chorion, amnion and placenta from 1st., 2nd. and 3rd. trimesters of gestation were investigated for synthesis and secretion of prolactin by in vitro incubation of these tissue fragments in medium 199. Prolactin content in decidua was found to be significantly higher than those in chorion, amnion or placenta at any stages of gestation. During 6 hours of incubation, decidua secreted significantly more prolactin into medium than did chorion, amnion or placenta. Amount of prolactin secreted by decidua was significantly higher than prolactin content in tissue before incubation. Decidua were also incubated in medium 199 with or without actinomycin-D (20-200 microgram/ml), puromycin (200 microgram/ml) or cycloheximide (100-200 microgram/ml) for 12 hours. Both total prolactin secretion into medium and prolactin content in tissue after incubation were significantly lower as compared to control without inhibitor. Decidua of 2nd. trimester of gestation was noted to secrete more prolactin into medium than decidua of 1st. or 3rd. trimester of gestation. In further studies, radioleucine (200 uCi) was incubated for 12 hours with decidua (10 grams) from 2nd. trimester of gestation, the incorporated radioprotein in medium or tissue was extracted, fractionated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography and by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Peaks of radioactivity and immunoreactive prolactin in gel slices were coincident with the peak of human pituitary prolactin (NIAMDD, hPRL, Friesen No. 1) at Kf = 0.62 (gel slice No. 31). In addition, mRNA was extracted from decidual tissue by oligo-d (T)-cellulose chromatography, which was then used for cell-free system translation study. The translation product of decidual mRNA and rabbit reticulocyte lysate was shown to be identical to human pituitary prolactin by analysis of gel electrophoresis. These results demonstrate that prolactin synthesized and secreted by human decidua is identical to human pituitary prolactin. The synthetic activity is most prominent in the decidua of 2nd. trimester of gestation. PMID- 7310199 TI - [Changes of plasma ribonuclease activities according to the method of treatment in gynecologic cancer patients (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma RNase activity was studied in normal and females with gynecological malignancies. Basic experimental data of RNase showed linear regression to the incubation period up to 20 min., optimal pH at 8.0, maximal absorption at 260 nm and sufficient substrate concentration with 120 microgram/0.02 ml. Coefficient of variation was 6.2% (n = 15) intra-assay study. Mean plasma RNase of 32 normal subjects was 0.24 +/- 0.04 (mean +/- SD) delta OD/0.01 ml/20 min. Values deviating mean + 2SD (0.32) were regarded as abnormal. Mean value at pre treatment was 0.27 +/- 0.04 for benign tumor and abnormal value rate was 11% (2/19). The values in cervical cancer patients were 0.29 +/- 0.06 [91.7% (11/12)] for recurrent cases. The values and abnormal rates raised as clinical stage advanced. The values were also high in advanced ovarian and endometrial cancer patients. It came into normal range with the complete surgery in early stage. Pre and post-treatment RNase value were analysed on 29 advanced cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer patients. Abnormal value rate was lowered from 60% (9/15) to 26.6% (4/15) in therapy-responding group, but were kept high in 14 therapy-resistant group. The value was raised again as the disease recurred. Evaluation of plasma RNase value is useful means in biochemical diagnosis and in prognosing gynecological malignancies. PMID- 7310200 TI - [Studies on the ovarian pathophysiology by exogenous gonadotropin stimulation in combination with adrenal suppression (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the steroidogenesis of dysfunctional ovaries, adrenal suppression and ovarian stimulation tests were performed on 32 patients with ovulatory defect and 3 volunteers with normal menstrual cycles. The protocol of this study was as follows; 3 mg of dexamethasone (DXM) was given daily for 11 days. From 5th day of DXM, 225 IU of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was injected for 3 days, followed by 5,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Serum estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by radioimmunoassay. In the patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO) which was confirmed under laparotomy and biopsy, serum E2 levels were markedly elevated by hMG stimulation. The E1 levels were similarly elevated by hMG stimulation and increased further by hCG stimulation. The A levels were significantly high (p less than 0.05), and increased remarkably by hCG. The T levels were very high. And they decreased to 2/3 of the basal level following DXM administration, and they increased again by hCG stimulation. Similar secretion patterns of these steroids in PCO patients were also seen in controls and in some patients with moderately atrophic ovaries (MA). THe secretion pattern of DHA suggested that DHA was also secreted from the PCO, normal ovary and MA ovary. From these results it is presumed that excessive production of androgens is not specific in PCO, but it is the result of continuous intrinsic LH stimulation. PMID- 7310201 TI - A case of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and malignant transformation of adenomyosis uteri. AB - The perusal of literatures revealed that simultaneous malignant transformation of predisposing ovarian endometrioid tumor and uterine adenomyosis is a rare occurrence. A case report of endometrioid carcinoma in the right ovary and malignant transformation of adenomyosis in the uterus in a 52-year-old female was described. Both foci were histologically classified as mature adenoacanthoma and separately originated from the so-called endometriosis. There is no continuity associated with metastasis between the two carcinoma foci. PMID- 7310202 TI - [Clinical results of synovectomy for rheumatoid wrist compared with the opposite side (author's transl)]. AB - In the preoperative state, there were similar local findings on both sides of the wrist joint involved by rheumatoid arthritis in the roentgenogram. Synovectomy was performed on the one side of the wrist joint. Thirty six cases were compared with untreated controls and evaluated annually for eight years. From the roentgenological point of view, both wrists have almost similarly taken a turn for the worse. In spite of synovectomy, prevention of joint destruction has been unsuccessful. In the operated wrists it was due to ROM and pronation-supination which significantly improved wrist joint function. Although this improved level has been favorably maintained, there was a decline in dorsipalmar flexion and radio-ulnar flexion year after year. The results in the operated wrists were adequately better than the untreated wrists. Relief of pain was reported as follows: 94.4% : 2 years after the operation 84.8% : 4 years 81.3% : 6 years 80.0% : 8 years Synovectomy was followed by significantly less pain and satisfaction of treatment as reported by most patients. However analgetic effects of early synovectomy that was performed was ineffective and prevention of the destruction of joints roentgenologically met with negative results. The validity and the permanency of this synovectomy study was proved by the comparative evaluations made between the treated wrist joints and the untreated wrist joints, and also by the established clinical results. PMID- 7310203 TI - [Development of clear zone after total hip replacement (author's transl)]. AB - For studying the durability of Charnley-Muller's total hip prosthesis, 141 joints of the cases which had past at least 5 years from the operation were followed up by means of X-ray pictures to reveal the processes of CZ (clear zone at the interface between bone and cement) progress and loosening generation. Results 1) CZ which occurred once never disappeared and progressed in many cases. 2) The progress of CZ was supposed to be related to age and disease, but no relation was recognized with biomechanical factors. 3) The incidence of CZ was 83.7% on the acetabular side and 49.6% on the femoral side. 4) CZ of Stage I and II occurred within 1 year after the operation in many cases and CZ of Stage III and IV tended to increase about 3 years and 4 years after the operation, respectively, in the acetabular side, while in the femoral side Stage I occurred within 1 year in many cases, Stage II and III increased about 3 years after and Stage IV did about 4 years after. 5) The term for progressing from a stage to the next one considerably varied till Stage III, including non-progressive cases, but the term from Stage III to Stage IV was within 3 years in all the cases. 6) The durability of Charnley-Muller's total hip prosthesis observed in X-ray pictures was as low as 63.1%, 89 out of 141 joints 5 years after the operation, and it would be lower for a long time. The durability was particularly low in young cases of osteoarthritis. 7) The X-ray findings of loosening preceded clinical findings; thus precise interpretation of X-ray findings is useful for decision of prognosis and therapy. PMID- 7310204 TI - [Studies on the cervical facet joints using arthrography of the cervical facet joint (author's transl)]. AB - In order to elucidate the pathological changes of the cervical facet joint probably representing one of the causes of the neck and shoulder pain, the author developed the arthrography of the cervical facet joint and applied this method to 157 joints of 83 patients. Eight cadavers were also used to evaluate the method based on an anatomical basis. Cervical facet joints of patients with tenderness on the lateral side of the neck were studied. The technic used in this method using X-ray T.V. was described and the arthrograms obtained on the dissected specimens were compared with the anatomical findings. The arthrogram of the middle and lower cervical facet joint was classified into the type with regular joint margin, the type with slightly irregular one and the type with irregular one, or the type with sharp lateral margin and the type with unsharp one. In 80% of the 142 joints in total, a communicating pathway was found from the facet joint to the interlaminar portion, interspinous portion, contralateral facet joint, para-extradural space and cervical extradural space. These arthrograms were analyzed. The visualization of the atlanto-axial joint was also achieved. Even in normal subject, a communication to the contralateral side via the surface of the axial spine was demonstrated. PMID- 7310205 TI - [Postnatal histogenesis of the cartilage plate of the spinal column -light and electron microscopic observations (author's transl)]. AB - In mice ranging in age from birth to 45 weeks, the cartilage plate in the spinal column was systemically examined by light and electron microscopy. In addition, the proximal end of tibia in 3 week-old mice was studied for comparison. In early life immediately after birth, the nucleus pulposus was separated by cartilage tissue from the ossified vertebral body. The cartilage could be divided into two portions, one portion close to the nucleus pulposus and the other close to the vertebral body. At 1 week, the cartilage toward the nucleus was further divided into two layers, a superficial thin cartilaginous layer close to the nucleus and a deep layer composed of degenerating and degenerated chondrocytes and calcified matrix. After 8 weeks, the deep layer was invaded with numerous irregularly shaped cavities which contained osteoblasts, osteoclasts and blood vessels. Thus, the deep layer could be considered to be ossified. On the other hand, the cartilage which was near the vertebral body in early life, consisted of chondrocytes which were arranged in column. Thus the cartilage near the vertebral body was thought to be involved in ossification and development of the vertebrated body. From a comparison with the proximal end of tibia, the superficial layer close to the nucleus pulposus, the succeeding deep portion, and the cartilage close to the vertebral body seemed to correspond to the articular cartilage, the secondary ossification center, and the epiphyseal plate of long bones, respectively. Thus, the junction of vertebral bodies was thought to be similar in structure to the joint between long bones. Therefore, the cartilage plate of the spinal column can be regarded to belong to a component of the vertebral body. PMID- 7310206 TI - The fine structure of the synovial membrane of the knee joint in rats with special reference to regional differences. AB - The synovial membranes (SM) in the infrapatellar fat pad (fat pad) and the suprapatellar recessus (recessus) of the rat knee joint were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The architecture of microvasculature in these two regions was also examined by scanning electron microscopy, using the resin casting method. The SM of the rat did not exhibit any species-specific variance in basic structure, however, there were apparent differences in ultrastructure between the two regions; i.e., synovial cells and capillary networks in the fat pad were more tightly packed than those in the recessus. In addition, the occurrence of fenestrated capillaries was higher in frequency in the fat pad than in the recessus. In the experiments using horseradish peroxidase (MW, 40,000) as a tracer material, it was strongly suggested that the SM in the fat pad mediated a more rapid and massive exchange of synovial fluid between the joint cavity and the bloodstream than the SM in the recessus, in which the fenestrated capillaries played a most important role. PMID- 7310207 TI - [Walking pattern of patients with hip disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the walking pattern of patients with hip disorders. The materials consist of 37 cases of osteoarthritis, ten cases of fused hips and two cases of congenital hip dislocation which had not been treated. Of the 37 cases with osteoarthritis, seven cases were in pre arthrosis or in the early stage of it. They had slight hip pain and an almost normal range of motion. Thirty cases were in advanced arthrosis and were treated by total hip replacement. For the purpose of examining the walking pattern of the above mentioned patients, three-dimensional components of the floor reaction force were measured by Matake's force plate, and three loop diagrams were made by taking two dimensions at a time and plotting them on an X-Y recorder in order to easily understand the walking as a pattern. In the present paper only the alpha diagram, which is composed of the vertical, forward and backward components, was used. In the patients with osteoarthritis, the figure of the alpha-diagram decreases and the unweighting effect in the vertical floor reaction disappears as the degree of the hip pain increases, while, on the normal side, some compensatory function was seen in the characteristic figure. In the cases of untreated congenital hip dislocation, the figures of the alpha-diagram were similar to the pattern of a painful hip with osteoarthritis. From these facts it is concluded that the most important factor influencing the walking pattern is hip pain. PMID- 7310208 TI - [Experimental study of cervical spondylotic myelopathy--spinal cord blood flow in cervical canal stenosis (author's transl)]. AB - There exists the view that ischemia in the spinal cord accounts for the paralysis caused by cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), but little work has been done to study the change of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in CSM. To clarify this situation, the experimental model designed by Tanaka (1978) was used as a model of CSM (Fig. 1). Among 27 cats in which the spinal canal was narrowed between C4 and C6, 13 cats developed delayed paralysis 33 weeks after operation in an average. Spinal cord blood flow was measured by the reference sample method using isotopelabeled microspheres of 15 +/- 3 mu in diameter. The mean SCBF values for each spinal segments in normal animals ranged from 23.0 g/min . 100 g in T11 to 40.2 g/min . 100 g in C8, resulting in that blood flow in the cervical and lumbar enlargements was constantly higher than that in the other regions of the cord (Fig. 3). The mean blood flow values for the gray matter, ventral white matter, lateral white matter, and dorsal white matter in cervical region were 99.1, 5.0, 5.9, and 11.4 g/min . 100 g respectively, without significant difference between each spinal segments (Fig. 4). In an animal with acute spinal cord compression, the SCBF decreased significantly 15 minutes after spinal cord compression was induced (Figs. 5, 6). On the other hand, in two delayed paralysis animals SCBF in the narrowed segments was within normal limits (Figs. 5, 6). These results suggest that paralysis as seen in CSM may develop without ischemia of the spinal cord. PMID- 7310209 TI - [Application of the hydrogen washout technique to orthopedic research (author's transl)]. AB - Since the first description by Aukland and co-authors in 1964, the hydrogen washout has been shown to be an accurate method in determining regional tissue blood flow. The presence of hydrogen molecules within the tissue is detected with a platinum electrode where a small amount of current is generated by oxidation of molecular hydrogen to hydrogen ions. Therefore, construction of the suitable electrode for the tissue to be measured is essential. The author applied the hydrogen washout technique to the blood flow measurement of bone, muscle, skin, digit and peripheral nerve, and found that the technique was valuable in basic and clinical studies in orthopedics. As a typical experimental study using the hydrogen washout technique, the study on the effect of adrenaline on bone blood flow was presented and the experimental method was explained in detail. Although the hydrogen washout technique has been developed to measure the blood flow, the technique has been found useful in detecting the pathways of microcirculation between different tissues. As an example, the study on nutritional pathways of the intervertebral disk was described. Since the hydrogen gas is harmless, it is possible to apply the technique to the clinical studies including the blood flow measurement of replanted digits, diagnosis of the compartment syndrome and the blood flow measurement of skin flaps. Furthermore, several problems in the hydrogen washout technique were discussed. PMID- 7310210 TI - [Discography--cervical and lumbar discography]. PMID- 7310212 TI - Substance abuse: how physicians recover. PMID- 7310211 TI - [Congenital muscular torticollis--surgical management and results]. PMID- 7310213 TI - Alcohol -- drugs -- W.A.R.T.S.: with alcohol related troubles starting. PMID- 7310214 TI - Acute renal failure: clinical course and management. PMID- 7310216 TI - A team concept. Helping the diabetic patient through surgery. PMID- 7310215 TI - The road retaken. PMID- 7310217 TI - Isoniazid toxicity. Pyridoxine controlled seizures in a dialysis patient. PMID- 7310218 TI - Adriamycin toxicity. Effects in subsequent anesthesia and surgery. PMID- 7310219 TI - Abdominal gunshot wounds. A review from low volume trauma centers. PMID- 7310220 TI - Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis. A case presenting as fever of unknown origin. PMID- 7310221 TI - B.A.E.R. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in brainstem compression and displacement from posterior fossa tumor. PMID- 7310222 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7310223 TI - Amyloidosis: the hereditary disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7310224 TI - Amyloid fibril protein in type I familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Japanese. AB - Amyloid fibrils were isolated from the kidneys of two Japanese patients with type I FAP and fractionated on Sephadex G-100 gel column. The elution pattern showed three peaks. Molecular weight of the third peak protein was about 14,000, which was absent in the chromatogram obtained from the tissue of a nonamyloidotic patient. Antisera raised against whole denatured amyloid fibril components reacted with this protein, giving rise to a precipitin arc on immunoelectrophoretic analysis in the area almost corresponding to prealbumin but slightly cathodal to it. The amino acid composition of this protein was different from those of AA protein. AL protein, or normal human PreA subunit. The major subunit GAM III of amyloid fibril protein (AFj) appears immunologically related to PreA. PMID- 7310225 TI - Rapid in vivo clearance of C5ades arg: a possible protective mechanism against complement-mediated tissue injury. AB - C5ades arg is an important mediator of the tissue injury associated with intravascular complement activation and exerts its effects by causing granulocyte aggregation, leukoembolism, and oxidative damage to endothelial cells. We have now investigated some of the mechanisms responsible for deactivation of this potent complement fragment by studying the clearance of C5ades arg from the plasma of New Zealand white rabbits in vivo. Quantitative aggregation of human granulocytes was used as a bioassay for rabbit C5ades arg. After a bolus intravenous infusion of activated autologous plasma complement, athe plasma C5ades arg content peaked within 60 sec and was cleared rapidly and exponentially, with a mean half-life of 3.0 +/- 0.6 (S.E.M.) min. In neutropenic animals the half-life of C5ades arg was prolonged by 57% +/- 22 and splenectomy, but not hepatectomy, also significantly lengthened the half-life by 48% +/- 18. The most striking delay in C5ades arg clearance was induced by inhibition of endogenous proteases with EACA and aprotinin, which prolonged the half-life by 87% +/- 4 and 94% +/- 12, respectively. These data demonstrate that like other complement fragments such as C3a, C5ades arg has a very brief functional half life in experimental animals and that although other mechanisms may be operative, endogenous proteases, circulating granulocytes, and the spleen may be important in deactivating this biologically important complement fragment. Impairment of these and other clearance mechanisms could lead to prolonged and excessive complement activation and subsequent exaggerated tissue injury. PMID- 7310226 TI - Elevated blood taurine levels in acute and evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Blood samples obtained from 97 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital for chest pain were analyzed for taurine concentrations. The mean value of the maximum taurine concentration in whole blood from AMI patients were greater than the mean value of the maximum taurine concentration in patients without AMI. There was no difference in plasma taurine levels between AMI and non-AMI patients, indicating that a cellular component(s) of whole blood was sequestering taurine. The increased blood taurine concentrations in the AMI patients evolved over the course of 70 hr and paralleled the increase in total CK levels. Blood taurine concentrations, in general, did not rise in patients who had chest pain of unknown etiology, skeletal muscle trauma, pleuritic pain, SVT/VT plus CV, acute pericarditis, acute cholecystitis, or angina pectoris. It is concluded that blood but not plasma taurine concentrations rise after acute myocardial injury and tend to be higher the more extensive the infarction. The mechanism of the blood taurine rise is unknown, but a myocardial source is probable. Also, there is evidence that the myocardium selectively leaks taurine, and not other amino acids. Monitoring blood taurine concentration in AMI may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information. PMID- 7310228 TI - Bovine parathyroid hormone-(41-84), a hormone fragment with desirable properties for use as radioligand. AB - Radioiodinated bPTH has been widely used as the labeled ligand in the radioimmunoassay of PTH. We now report the properties of a carboxyterminal fragment of bPTH that has several favorable characteristics when used as radioligand. This peptide, the chief component of a commercial preparation of bPTH, was isolated by gel filtration, where it migrated more slowly than did authentic bPTH-(1-84). It yielded lower nonspecific binding values and more sensitive hPTH assays than were seen with the intact hormone. By immunological criteria this peptide lacked the aminoterminal region of PTH, since hPTH-(1-34) did not inhibit its binding to any of 11 different antisera with known ability to recognize the aminoterminal region of PTH. The peptide did not contain most or all of the carboxyterminal region, however, since its binding to anti-PTH sera was inhibited by hPTH-(44-68) or hPTH-(53-84). Sequential Edman degradation of the iodinated peptide released iodotyrosine at the third cycle, suggesting the structure, bPTH-(41-84). The lower nonspecific binding and enhanced assay sensitivity provided by this peptide suggest that the use of other natural or synthetic fragments of PTH as radioligands might enhance the performance of PTH assays. PMID- 7310227 TI - Erythropoietin production in fasted rats. Effects of thyroid hormones and glucose supplementation. AB - The effect of T3 replacement and glucose supplementation on erythropoietin production was investigated in fasted hypoxic rats. It was found that 48 hr of fasting significantly reduced the circulating levels of thyroid hormones and the production of renal and extrarenal erythropoietin in response to hypoxia. These effects of fasting were completely abolished when the animals had free access to 25% glucose solution as drinking water, despite their lack of protein intake. Replacement doses of T3 (0.5 micrograms/100 gm per day) restored erythropoietin production in the fasted animals but also increased the response of the fed controls. To avoid the effect of endogenous T3, the experiments were repeated in thyroidectomized rats. Erythropoietin production in athyroid rats was found to be markedly decreased, with values equivalent to those found in normal fasted animals, and were not affected by fasting or glucose supplementation. Replacement doses of T3 increased erythropoietin production in all three groups, but the fasted animals needed five times as much T3 to obtain a response similar to that observed in the fed group. Glucose supplementation enhanced the effect of T3 in the fasted animals but did not completely restore it. These results indicate that caloric deprivation is primarily responsible for the decreased erythropoietin production induced by fasting and that this effect is probably mediated by both a decreased level of T3 and a decreased responsiveness to it. PMID- 7310229 TI - Electromyogram of rabbit colon and cecum in vitro. AB - The rabbit colon is unique in that the proximal colon has taenia coli, but the distal colon has none. Electromyograms were studied from the mucosal and serosal sides of the proximal (taenial) and distal (nontaenial) rabbit colon and cecum. In the proximal colon, similar electromyograms could be obtained from either the mucosal (circular muscle) or serosal (taenia coli) side. Spike bursts occurred in 18.6% of slow waves from the serosal side; however, there were none from the mucosal side. Unlike the proximal colon, the serosal side of the distal colon gave a better electromyographic recording which showed electrical silent periods and variable amplitudes of slow waves. Recordings could also be obtained equally well from both the mucosal and serosal sides of the rabbit cecum. Acetylcholine significantly increased (p less than 0.05) the percentage of slow waves with spikes in taenial colon and the electrical active period in nontaenial colon, whereas atropine, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and tetrodotoxin produced a significant decrease (p less than 0.05). This study showed that the electromyograms of the rabbit colon and cecum were complex. Although differences existed between the taenial and nontaenial colon, they exhibited similar responses to some autonomic drugs. Furthermore, recordings could be obtained from both sides of the proximal colon and cecum. PMID- 7310231 TI - Variability in the degree of opsonization and phagocytosis of strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. AB - Patients with septicemia due to Staphylococcus aureus occasionally manifest DIC. We studied the ability of organisms isolated from 30 patients with S. aureus (5 with DIC) to be opsonized and phagocytosed by normal human PMNs in the presence of normal human serum chelated with MgEGTA as a possible measure of alternative complement pathway activation. By this assay, nine S. aureus strains were found to be opsonized at 50% level or greater. Five of those organisms were isolated from the five patients who had clinical and laboratory manifestations of DIC, three of whom died. Patients from whom the other four activating strains were isolated were more seriously ill (by a method of grading clinical severity of disease) than the remaining 21 patients. Four of the nine patients from whom activating strains were isolated died compared to only four of the other 21 patients. The accelerated phagocytosis of staphylococcal strains from patients with DIC after incubation in MgEGTA-chelated serum suggests that surface factors on these strains interacted with serum factors differently than did strains from patients not developing DIC. However, all (except one) staphylococcal strains, from patients both with and without DIC, depleted hemolytic complement activity in MgEGTA-chelated serum; therefore a direct relationship between activation of the alternative complement pathway and opsonization seems not to exist. Thus strains of S. aureus capable of being opsonized by PMNs in human serum chelated with MgEGTA were associated with more severe infections often associated with DIC. PMID- 7310232 TI - Typhoid fever. PMID- 7310230 TI - Abnormalities of blood coagulation in patients with cancer. Mononuclear cell tissue factor generation. AB - Activation of blood coagulation, as characterized by the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, increased levels of plasma FPA, and the local deposition of fibrin, is common in both experimental animals and patients with malignant tumors. Many mechanisms have been proposed for the mediation of this response to tumors, including tumor-associated proteases, platelet adherence to tumors, surface activation of blood coagulation by tumor cells, and activation of coagulation by tissue factor derived from either tumor tissue or reactive leukocytes. We have investigated the hypothesis that MTF generation may contribute to increased fibrin generation in cancer patients. Plasma FPA levels and in vitro unstimulated MTF generation were measured simultaneously in samples obtained from 35 patients with lung cancer. FPA levels were significantly elevated in these patients as compared to a group of 20 normal volunteers (p = 0.03). Although unstimulated MTF generation showed considerable variability in both the patients and the normal volunteers, a high degree of correlation was observed between simultaneous levels of FPA and MTF regardless of whether MTF was expressed per cell (r = 0.83), per monocyte (r = 0.95), or per volume of peripheral blood (r = 0.96). MTF generation was also significantly decreased in a group of patients receiving sodium warfarin (p less than 0.001). These results suggest a potential role for MTF generation in the activation of blood coagulation in neoplasia and also suggest the possibility that inhibition of MTF generation by warfarin may be partially responsible for the decreased FPA values previously reported in anticoagulated cancer patients. PMID- 7310233 TI - Accidental hypothermia--advanced life support. PMID- 7310234 TI - 1981 constitution and bylaws of the Kentucky Association. PMID- 7310235 TI - A rationale for the optometric treatment and management of children with learning disabilities. PMID- 7310236 TI - The psychologist-educator views the relationship of vision to reading and related learning disabilities. PMID- 7310239 TI - Visual implications of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. PMID- 7310237 TI - Research on the relationship between reading and vision-what does it mean? PMID- 7310238 TI - Vision: its role and integrations in learning processes. PMID- 7310240 TI - Visual imagery as an information processing strategy. PMID- 7310241 TI - Visual electrophysiology and reading/learning difficulties. PMID- 7310242 TI - Administration and socioeconomic level effects on auditory discrimination of elementary school children. PMID- 7310243 TI - Discrimination of neurological impairment in the learning disabled adolescent. PMID- 7310244 TI - A comparison of learning disabled adolescents with normal learners on an anaphoric pronominal reference task. PMID- 7310245 TI - Perceptions of classroom teachers, principals, and resource room teachers of the actual and desired roles of the resource teacher. PMID- 7310246 TI - Research and teachers: the interface remains fractured. PMID- 7310247 TI - Foreign bodies of gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7310248 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysms simulating urologic disorders. PMID- 7310249 TI - Pulse therapy in severe form of dengue shock syndrome. PMID- 7310250 TI - A clinical judgement of pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) in tumors of the periampullary region : report of 4 cases without mortality. PMID- 7310251 TI - The incidence of diabetes mellitus in superficial dermatomycosis. PMID- 7310252 TI - Red cell and serum cholinesterase activities in adult and cord blood. PMID- 7310253 TI - Typhoid meningitis and primary peritonitis : a case report. PMID- 7310255 TI - Postpartum intracranial cortical venous thrombosis complicated by intracerebral and subdural haemorrhage. PMID- 7310256 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of combiflex and indomethacin in traumatic diseases. PMID- 7310254 TI - Familial isolated growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 7310257 TI - Morphogenesis of gap junctions in rat amelogenesis. PMID- 7310259 TI - An inexpensive freeze-dryer. PMID- 7310258 TI - Lamellar bodies associated with satellite cells of human skeletal muscle. PMID- 7310260 TI - Health and ecological assessment of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 7310261 TI - The local organization of behavior: discrimination of and memory for simple behavioral patterns. AB - A procedure was developed to enable nonverbal organisms to report what they remember of the temporal organization of their recent behavior. A baseline behavior with known temporal structure was established by a concurrent variable interval variable-interval schedule for two temporal patterns of behavior (two different classes of reinforced inter-response times). The five pigeon subjects emitted these two temporal patterns on a center key and were occasionally given a short-term memory probe for their most-recently-emitted pattern. The probes consisted of symbolic delayed matching-to-sample tests, in which a response on a green side key was reinforced if the most recent pattern belonged to the shorter reinforced class, and a response to a red side key was reinforced if the most recent pattern belonged to the longer reinforced class. All subjects could report with over ninety percent accuracy what their most recently emitted behavioral pattern was when a retention interval separating the pattern from the memory probe was only .1 seconds. The retention interval was then manipulated, and it was found that recall for a pattern was frequently above chance after a delay of as much as eight seconds. Thus, pigeons can remember their most recent interresponse time not only right after it is emitted, but for several seconds thereafter. In other conditions, the patterns themselves were manipulated. It was found that as the patterns became more similar, discrimination became poorer. These results agree with the view that reinforcement tends to organize and integrate the local structure of behavior to the extent to which that structure is remembered. PMID- 7310263 TI - Note on delay-interval illumination effects on retention in monkeys (Cebus apella). AB - Two monkeys experienced with delayed matching to sample were given a 30-day baseline training period during which the delay interval was illuminated. Both subjects showed an increase in matching accuracy when shifted to dark delay intervals, and accuracy declined when the illuminated delay interval was reinstituted. These results, as well as earlier reports of facilitation of delayed matching behavior by dark delay intervals, support the view that the absolute level of delay-interval illumination can importantly affect visual retention in monkeys and may be indicative of significant differences in the retention mechanisms employed by monkeys and birds. PMID- 7310262 TI - Selective antagonism of the error-increasing effect of morphine by naloxone in a repeated-acquisition task. AB - Pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors. The response chain was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio schedule. Errors produced a brief timeout but did not reset the chain. When either morphine or naloxone was administered alone, the overall response rate decreased with increasing doses. The rate-decreasing effect was accompanied by an increase in percent errors with morphine but not with naloxone. Both effects of morphine were antagonized by doses of naloxone that were ineffective when given alone. The antagonism was selective in that naloxone (3 mg/kg) completely blocked the error-increasing effect but not the rate-decreasing effect of the higher doses of morphine. The view that naloxone is a specific narcotic antagonist was supported by the finding that naloxone failed to antagonize the rate-decreasing and error-increasing effects of d-amphetamine, pentobarbital, and phencyclidine. PMID- 7310264 TI - Blastoderm formation in the silkworm egg (Bombyx mori L). AB - Embryogenesis in the egg of the silkworm. Bombyx mori, up to 24 h after oviposition was studied by light microscopy with special reference to nuclear migration and blastoderm formation. In Bombyx eggs blastoderm cells seem to form in a mechanism different from that usually seen in many other insect species; that is, in Bombyx eggs no typical cleavage furrows were seen. Cleavage nuclei which had migrated, accompanied by the associated cytoplasm, to the egg surface pushed up the plasma membrane and protruded beyond the initial level of the periplasm. The periplasm fused with their associated cytoplasm was partitioned among the pulled around the nuclei. Then each nucleus was separated by a laterally-invading limiting membrane from the yolk-granules-occupied region to yield a blastoderm cell. PMID- 7310266 TI - The in vitro transmission frequency of the t12 mutation in the mouse. AB - Male mice which are heterozygous for a recessive lethal mutation (+/tL) transmit the tL mutation in non-Mendelian ratios. In the present studies, spermatozoa obtained from +/t12 males were used to fertilize ova from +/t12 females in vitro. The frequency of transmission of the t12 mutation determined from these in vitro studies was compared with the frequency of transmission of this mutation in normal and delayed matings. The data show that the transmission frequency of the t12 mutation, in vitro, is Mendelian and is the same as the transmission frequency of the t12 mutation in vivo when matings are delayed until the time of ovulation. PMID- 7310265 TI - Regeneration of optic nerve fibres from a compound eye to both tecta in Xenopus: evidence relating to the state of specification of the eye and the tectum. AB - Xenopus with one double-nasal (NN), double-temporal (TT) or double-ventral (VV) eye were induced to regenerate optic fibres from the compound eye to both tecta after metamorphosis. The extent of the projection from the compound eye was then estimated autoradiographically at various intervals after nerve section. The regenerated projection covered the whole of the contralateral tectum but covered only a restricted part of the ipsilateral tectum; thus NN eyes innervated caudomedial tectum only, TT eyes innervated rostrolateral tectum only and VV eyes innervated medial tectum only. Since the tectum ipsilateral to the compound eye also received the projection from the normal eye these results are taken to indicate that NN, TT and VV eyes are unregulated systems in terms of the retinal positional markers that they carry; each such eye bears only the appropriate half set of such markers. PMID- 7310267 TI - Preimplantation development of microsurgically obtained haploid and homozygous diploid mouse embryos and effects of pretreatment with Cytochalasin B on enucleated eggs. AB - Haploid embryos were obtained by microsurgical removal of one pronucleus, followed by doubling of the haploid chromosome set with Cytochalasin B (CB), either at the first or second mitosis. This procedure provides a source of fully homozygous diploid embryos which were grown in vitro or in vivo. The effect of CB treatment before and during operation on the course of enucleation and further development of embryos was studied. Out of 81 eggs made diploid at 2-cell stage and transplanted into the oviducts of immature or pseudopregnant recipients 27 morulae and blastocysts were recovered, but not a single case of implantation occurred by the eighth or ninth day of development. After 72-80 h of in vitro culture, most of the homozygous embryos were morulae but after an additional 24 h the majority of them transformed into blastocysts. The rate of development of homozygotes was markedly better than that of haploids, which progressed beyond morula stage. The immediate survival rate of operated eggs was dependent on whether or not the eggs were pre-incubated and the enucleation was performed in the presence of CB. In the former case the immediate survival rate was nearly twice as high as in the absence of CB, but more of the treated eggs underwent fragmentation and early developmental arrest. PMID- 7310268 TI - Differential localization of [35S] sulfate within ectodermal basement membrane in relation to initiation of chick limb buds. AB - This study examined the possible developmental relationship between differential amounts of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) within the ectodermal basement membrane and initiation of limb outgrowth. Chick embryos at stages 11-20 were labeled in ovo with 35SO4 and processed for autoradiography. After exposure to sulfate for 15 min. The label was localized within the surface ectoderm whereas after 3 h the label was localized within the subjacent basement membrane. The label was sensitive to chondroitinase ABC. These experiments suggest that the labeled material was ectodermally derived chondroitin sulfate. At all stages, examined, intense labeling of the basement membrane was associated with relatively undifferentiated, mitotically active tissue, e.g. limb-bud mesoderm. The labeling was less intense in regions with decreased mitotic activity, e.g. the flank. Thus, the labeling pattern of the basement membrane correlated with differential mitotic rates presumed to be associated with limb outgrowth. These observations support the hypothesis that communication between tissues of different origin resulting in altered mitotic behavior of limb and flank mesenchymal cells is facilitated by the ectodermal basement membrane. PMID- 7310269 TI - The cellular basis of epiboly: an SEM study of deep-cell rearrangement during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis. AB - Measurements of several indices of shape, contact, position and arrangement of deep cells in the late blastula and gastrula were made from scanning electron micrographs of carefully staged, fractured embryos in order to describe the cellular processes which account for the increased area of the deep region of the gastrula during extension of the dorsal marginal zone and epiboly of the animal region. At the onset of gastrulation, the deep cells of the dorsal marginal zone become elongated, extend protrusions between one another along radii of the embryo and interdigitate to form fewer layers of cells of greater area in a process of radial interdigitation. When interdigitation, is complete, the deep region consists of one layer of columnar cells which then flatten and spread and thus account for additional increase in area of the deep region. During epiboly of the animal region, interdigitation occurs and the number of cell layers decreases without the changes in cell shape seen in the dorsal marginal zone. These differences may be related to the anisotropy of expansion (extension and convergence) in the dorsal marginal done as opposed to uniform spreading in the animals region, or they may reflect an active cell motility in the dorsal marginal zone as opposed to a passive behavior in the animal region. A cellular and mechanical model is presented in which active (autonomous) spreading is brought about by active, force-producing interdigitation and subsequent flattening of deep cells. A model of passive spreading (stretching) is also presented. These observations suggest experiments that would determine the relationship of cell behavior to the mechanics of gastrulation. PMID- 7310270 TI - Correlative light and electron microscopy of dissociated immature rat testicular cells undergoing morphogenesis in vitro. AB - Immature rat testicular cells undergo morphogenesis in primary culture (Davis, 1978). Depending upon the number of dissociated testicular cells added to the culture dish, spherical or tubular aggregates were formed. Spherical aggregates resulted from movement of cells into centers of aggregation and the detachment of these cells from the substratum; on the other hand, tubular aggregates resulted from detachment and retraction of the cell monolayer at certain points along its outer edge. In this investigation, the different methods of formation of aggregates by immature rat testicular cells in primary culture were examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cell types involved in such morphogenesis and their associations within completely formed structures were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the rates of formation of aggregates were established by time-lapse cinemicroscopy. During formation of spherical aggregates, the rate of recruitment of cells into centers of aggregation (0.4 +/- 0.006 micrometer/min; means +/- S.E.M., n = 78) was much slower than the rate of cell detachment during formation of tubular aggregates (11.7 +/- 1.8 micrometer/sec; means +/- S.E.M., n = 110). Although specific roles for each cell types in formation of aggregates have not been determined, the associations of cells within the two types of reformed aggregates appeared to be similar. Myofibroblast cells were located in outer cell layers and Sertoli cells were observed to underlie the layers of myofibroblasts in both types of aggregates. Germinal cells, however, were found on the outer surface of spherical aggregates, but in tubular aggregates they were located on the inner surface. Since spherical and tubular aggregates are formed by different methods, this observation suggests that rearrangement of cells, within the aggregates takes place and contributes to the internal morphology of newly formed aggregates. PMID- 7310271 TI - Evidence that the premature death mutation (p) in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is not an autonomous cell lethal. AB - Cell-lethal developmental mutations, which are presumed to affect the viability of all cells in a mutant embryo, have been distinguished from other development lethals on the basis of the results of parabiosis and transplant experiments. Premature death (p), previously classified as a cell lethal, does not survive parabiosis. However, transplants involving mutant eye, flank epidermis and primordial limb tissue all survived on a normal recipient. The mutant, therefore, cannot be considered a true cell lethal, though it suffers from serious and widespread abnormalities that cannot be corrected by parabiosis. In addition, transplants of mutant branchial mound tissue did not develop into normal gills on a normal recipient. These transplants were the only ones involving mutant endoderm, and their failure supports our hypothesis that the mutation leads to a specific endoderm defect. PMID- 7310272 TI - The time required for positional signalling in the chick wing bud. AB - An estimate of the time required for positional signalling in the chick wing bud was obtained by grafting irradiated quail polarizing regions to host wing buds and removing them at various times. Such polarizing regions must be present for at least 15 h to induce additional structures in the host wings. This results is discussed in terms of a diffusible morphogen model. PMID- 7310273 TI - The eye margin and compound-eye development in the cockroach: evidence against recruitment. AB - The compound eye of the cockroach nymph grows from stadium to stadium by the addition of new ommatidia to the growing edge of the eye. By a series of transplant operations on Periplaneta americana and from SEM studies on Gromphadorhina portentosa it is shown that the proliferating region of the eye margin is a budding zone. There is no recruitment of larval head-capsule epidermis into the eye. PMID- 7310274 TI - Pattern regulation and the origin of extra parts following axial misalignments in the urodele limb bud. AB - Pattern regulation following axial misalignments in the stage-38+to stage-40 urodele limb bud was studied on one newt and two salamander species. Grafts of the distal tip of the limb bud were made to the stump of a host limb bud from which a similar piece had been removed. The grafts were positioned with either their anteroposterior, dorsoventral, or both of these axes reversed with respect to the host axes. Mirror-imaged duplications, positioned posteriorly or both anteriorly and posteriorly, occurred nearly all (96%) of the time when the anteroposterior axis was reversed. Dorsoventral axial misalignment rarely promoted the generation of mirror-imaged duplication (8%) but did affect the organization along the anteroposterior axis by causing a serial repetition of either digit 2 or digit 3. Regulation, therefore, does not always occur along each axis independently of the others. Consistent with the data derived from reversing individual axes, most of the duplications which occurred when both axes were reversed were in the anteroposterior plane. Some were in the dorsoventral plane, and a few had intermediate positions. Of these duplications a few were neither right not left hands, rather they were of mixed handedness with a change in the dorsoventral polarity from the anterior border to the posterior border. Whether extra parts which result from axial misalignments arise from the graft, the host, or both the graft and the host was investigated using heteroplastic grafts and grafts exchanged between triploid and diploid axolotls. Duplications were found to have cellular contributions from both the graft and the host. In some cases on source would dominate but usually both made a substantial contribution. The diploid-triploid material suggests that a considerable mixing of host and graft cells may occur in duplications. Additionally, some digits of the graft sequence of digits can be derived from host tissue. The extra digit in those hands displaying a serial repetition was derived from host tissue in some cases and graft tissue in other cases. PMID- 7310275 TI - Ommatidium assembly and formation of the retina-lamina projection in interspecific chimeras of cockroach. AB - By grafting operations, interspecific eye chimeras of the cockroaches Gromphadorhina portentosa and Leucophaea maderae were produced. Mechanisms involved the development of both the compound eye and the retina-lamina projection have been studied. Most cell types composing the eyes of these cockroaches are cytologically distinguishable in the chimera; also, retinula axons forming the retina-lamina projection in the two species are of vastly different lengths. At the border between host and graft eye tissue, individual ommatidia are formed containing cells of both types. It particular, it is shown that the four cone cells can be found in any of the possible combinations of the two cell types. This shows that the cone cells within one ommatidium are not necessarily related by lineage. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that cells within an ommatidium are determined by position rather than by a lineage mechanism. Furthermore, formation of mosaic ommatidia suggests that mechanisms governing eye formation are similar in these two species. The formation of the projection from donor retina to host lamina shows that axon elongation is not rigidly programmed, but that the axons grow until they reach a suitable target at which point connexions are made. PMID- 7310276 TI - Paternal gene expression in developing hybrid embryos of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis. AB - We have studied protein synthesis in the viable hybrid Xenopus laevis (female) X Xenopus borealis (male) using 2D gel electrophoresis. Fourteen borealis-specific proteins were studied. Two of these proteins appeared by the gastrula stage, five in the gastrula and the rest later. Where homologous laevis proteins were tentatively identified, androgenetic haploid hybrids were used to study whether the protein was encoded by stored maternal mRNA, and how long this mRNA persisted. The two proteins appearing in blastulae were probably initially coded by stored maternal mRNA. This was not detectable by the tailbud-tadpole stage, and presumably had been destroyed. PMID- 7310277 TI - Commitment of stem cells to nerve cells and migration of nerve cells precursors in preparatory bud development in Hydra. AB - Budding in Hydra starts as an evagination of the double-layered tissue in the parent animal's gastric region. Five hours later the density of nerve cells in the bud's tissue doubles, representing the first detectable difference from the cellular composition of the surrounding tissue. These new nerve cells derive from multipotent stem cells which are in S-phase one day before evagination starts. Some of the bud's new nerve cells derive from stem cells which have migrated into the future bud's tissue after their commitment, apparently attracted by the bud anlage. The bud anlage recruits precursors of nerve cells even during starvation, during which nerve cell production ceases in other parts of the body. Furthermore, the bud anlage controls the duration of the development from commitment to final differentiation of the resulting nerve cells. Experiments with an inhibitor purified from hydra tissue indicate a tight correlation between stages of preparatory bud development and stages of recruitment of nerve cells for the bud. Whether or not precursors of nerve cells are involved in the control of bud formation in normal hydra, as compared to epithelial hydra which still bud though consisting of epithelial cells only, will be discussed. PMID- 7310278 TI - The haemoglobins of developing duck embryos. AB - Three haemoglobins were isolated by ion-exchange chromatography from the haemolysates of embryonic duck erythrocytes up to 8 days of development. The component globins were characterized both by electrophoresis in dissociating conditions and by finger-printing analysis. The major haemoglobin fraction E1 appears to be an embryonic tetramer since its constituent globins are different from all the others synthesized during embryonic and adult life. The two minor fractions E2 and E3 show alpha-type subunits that are very similar to those of the two adult haemoglobins A1 and A2 respectively. They are present all through embryonic life, as demonstrated by chromatographic analysis. For these reasons they have been considered foetal. The two haemoglobins typical of the adult animal are found in the red cells of the embryo from 8 days of incubation. Their relative amounts change continuously during embryonic development and reach the adult value after hatching. PMID- 7310279 TI - The control of trophoblastic growth in the guinea pig. AB - The growth of mouse trophectoderm depends upon the presence of the inner cell mass. Whether this applies to other species of mammals is not known. To investigate this problem, the guinea pig was selected for two reasons. Firstly the growth of guinea-pig trophoblast resembles that of man. Secondly, earlier studies suggest that the proliferation of guinea-pig trophectoderm may not be under ICM control. Therefore, in the present study, the guinea-pig blastocyst was cut microsurgically to yield two tissue fragments. These contained roughly equal numbers of trophectodermal cells, one fragment being composed only of trophectoderm and the other containing ICM tissue as well. Subsequently, the growth of these mural and polar fragments was followed in vitro since numerous technical difficulties make an in vivo analysis of this problem impracticable. In the manner similar to the mouse, the isolated mural trophectoderm of the guinea pig stopped dividing and became giant. In contrast, guinea-pig polar fragments formed egg-cylinder-like structures. The latter contained regions structurally similar to two presumptive polar trophectodermal derivatives namely the ectoplacental and extraembryonic ectodermal tissues. These findings suggest that guinea-pig trophectodermal growth may occur in a manner similar to the mouse and thus be under ICM control. PMID- 7310280 TI - Hormonal control of head-wart development in the snail, Euhadra peliomphala. AB - The terrestrial snail, Euhadra peliomphala, has a peculiar organ between the optic tentacles named the head-wart, which releases a sex pheromone just before courtship. The development of the head-wart was closely correlated with the sexual maturity of the snail. Castration led to the atrophy of the head-wart. Subsequent injection of hermaphrodite gland homogenate into the body cavity of castrated individuals induced the development of the head-wart. The peripheral regions of the acini in the hermaphrodite gland showed a positive reaction for 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase. Furthermore, preliminary radioimmunoassay also showed that the hermaphrodite gland of the snail contained testosterone and estradiol. When the immature head-wart was cultured for 10 days in a medium containing testosterone and estradiol respectively, development of the head-wart was found only in medium containing testosterone. From these results, it is concluded that head-wart development in the snail, Euhadra peliomphala, is under direct control from the hermaphrodite gland, probably by means of testosterone. PMID- 7310281 TI - Essential role of the polyamines in early chick embryo development. AB - The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine were analyzed in chick embryos during the first 2 days of development. A rapid increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, was observed immediately after onset of incubation. Peak activities were found at 15 and 23 h of incubation. The first peak coincides with gastrulation and the second peak with early neurulation in the embryo. All three polyamines varied in a similar manner as did ODC, with putrescine and spermidine at about the same level and spermine at a lower level. The ODC activity was blocked by alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor. The inhibitor was administered to embryos in ovo at 5 h of incubation, i.e. prior to the first major increase in ODC activity. This block prevented the accumulation of the polyamines and inhibited development as gastrulation, suggesting a decisive role for polyamines in this developmental event. PMID- 7310282 TI - Distribution of antibody- and lectin-binding sites on dissociated blastomeres from mouse morulae: evidence for polarization at compaction. AB - The distribution of binding sites for rabbit anti-species antiserum, Concanavalin A (Con A) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) on dissociated blastomeres from 2- to 16 cell mouse embryos has been investigated using direct and indirect fluorescence techniques. With each ligand, paraformaldehyde-fixed blastomeres from 2- to 8 cell precompact embryos were uniformly surface labelled; the majority (77%) of late compact 8-cell blastomeres showed quantitative polarization of surface labelling; and 16-cell blastomeres were either polarized (53.3%) or uniformly surface labelled. Binding of fluorescein-conjugated PNA increased at the 16 cell stage. Labelling patterns on unfixed blastomeres were similar to those on fixed blastomeres except that surface label was patched and became internalized, most rapidly from the less heavily labelled areas of 8- and 16-cell blastomeres. Quantitative polarization of binding sites at postcompaction stages was detected after (i) fixation, (ii) pretreatment and labelling in the presence of azide, cytochalasin D and/or colcemid, or (iii) labelling with monovalent Fab1 antibody fragments. It is probably due, therefore, to the presence of microvilli at the heavily labelled pole, which increase surface area and are known to become to the outer surface of the compact morula (Ducibella, Ukena, Karnovsky & Anderson, 1977). The possibility that the cleavage of polarized blastomeres into dissimilar daughter blastomeres could provide a mechanism for the spatial differentiation of the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of the blastocyst is briefly discussed. PMID- 7310283 TI - Amphibian pronephric duct morphogenesis: segregation, cell rearrangement and directed migration of the Ambystoma duct rudiment. AB - The axolotl pronephric duct rudiment is readily accessible to both SEM observation and surgical manipulation. The rudiment segregates from the dorsal part of the lateral mesoderm and then extends caudally along the ventrolateral border of the segmenting comites, eventually contacting the cloacal wall. The marked thinning of the rudiment which accompanies this migration is paralleled by a corresponding reduction in cell number across the duct's diameter and by caudad translocation and elongation of vital dye marks applied to the duct mesoderm. Duct extension thus involves appreciable cell rearrangement. The morphology of duct mesoderm and its substratum (somite and lateral mesoderm) suggests that active locomotion of cells near its tip marshals the duct's caudad elongation. Filopodia and small focal areas of intercellular contact may mediate the adhesions between the cells which must be broken and reformed as the cells rearrange. PMID- 7310284 TI - Hepatic induction in the avian embryo: specificity of reactive endoderm and inductive mesoderm. AB - Mesoderm of precardiac and cardiac region ('cardiac' mesoderm) of chick, quail and mouse embryos could induce hepatic epithelium in the endoderm of the anterior half of young quail or chick embryos (anterior endoderm) in vitro as well as in vivo. No species specificity in the induction of hepatic epithelium by the 'cardiac' mesoderm could be observed. The hepatic induction, was controlled strictly by tissue specificity of both endoderm and mesoderm. Replacement of the 'cardiac' mesoderm or the anterior endoderm by non-cardiac mesoderms or endoderms other than the anterior endoderm resulted in failure of hepatic induction. Only the anterior endoderm was found to have competence for hepatic induction, indicating that it was committed, in unknown ways, to react with 'cardiac' mesoderm, and can properly be called pre-hepatic endoderm. Comparison between the development of hepatic endoderm and the hepatic induction potency of 'cardiac' mesoderm, which was most intense during 1- to 1.5- incubation days and decreased gradually with the increase of the stage, suggests that in normal development the 'cardiac' mesoderm actually induces hepatic epithelium in the competent endoderm. Hepatic-induction potency remained up to 6 days, and was found in truncus arteriosus, ventricle and auricle areas and in endocardial and myocardial layers of the heart. PMID- 7310285 TI - Pattern formation along the anteroposterior axis of the chick wing: the increase in width following a polarizing region graft and the effect of X-irradiation. AB - A study is made of the widening of the chick limb bud that occurs after a graft of an additional polarizing region. Such buds are about 50% wider than controls, after 36 h. By contrast, growth along the proximodistal axis in unaffected. This widening is reduced by treating the host embryo with 10 Gy X-irradiation and the altered pattern of digits is consistent with a diffusible morphogen model for the specification of positional information along the anteroposterior axis. PMID- 7310286 TI - Positional signalling along the anteroposterior axis of the chick wing. The effect of multiple polarizing region grafts. AB - We have proposed that positional information along the anteroposterior axis is specified by a signal from the polarizing region and that position may be specified by the concentration of a diffusible morphogen. While this model can account for a variety of results it is now clear that a model based on intercalation by growth of positional values can do the same. The distinction between the two models lies in whether a grafted polarizing region can alter existing positional values and in the distance over which it exerts its influence. The two models make different predictions as to the effect of grafting two polarizing regions. The intercalation model predicts that this effect will be the sum of two single grafts, whereas the morphogen model predicts different results depending on how close together the two polarizing regions are placed. The pattern of digits following grafts of two polarizing regions show that it is sensitive to the distance between the grafts and consistent with a model based on long-range interaction, such as a diffusible morphogen. PMID- 7310287 TI - The control of growth and the development of pattern across the anteroposterior axis of the chick limb bud. AB - Two grafts of zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) were made to host limb buds. The grafts define the width of the shared responding field lying between them. They cause a change in the growth pattern of the bud so that there is an increase in the width of the tissue between the grafts. Concurrently they redefine (respecify) cell states in the responding tissue so as to cause formation of a mirror-image reduplicate hand between them. The number and type of digits formed depends on the initial distance between the grafts. The results suggest that the initial presumptive hand field is very small (approximately 300 micrometers), that it is not a classical morphallactic system, and that it is able to regulate its growth pattern. A point-source diffusion model is presented. PMID- 7310288 TI - Proteoglycan synthesis by sternal chondrocytes perturbed with vitamin A. AB - Proteoglycan synthesis by sternal chondrocytes was studied in the presence of excess vitamin A (10 i.u./ml). Proteoglycans synthesized by the treated cells were smaller, and had larger amounts of chondroitinase ABC-resistant materials than control cells. Vitamin A-pretreated cells, when provided with normal feeding medium, failed to revert back to normal morphology and synthetic processes. Chondrocyte cultures prelabelled with [35S]-sulphate, when maintained in the presence of excess of vitamin A, showed: (1) increased release of labelled proteoglycans into the medium, and (2) increased (19%) degradation of the proteoglycans. The proteoglycans synthesized by the vitamin A-treated chondrocytes are also incapable of binding with exogenous large molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Thus, high levels of vitamin A modulate the differentiation of chondrocytes by altering cellular synthetic processes. PMID- 7310289 TI - Sexual differentiation of the urogenital tract in the chicken embryo: autoradiographic localization of sex-steroid target cells during development. AB - The determinant role ascribed to steroid hormones in sexual differentiation of the reproductive tract of the embryo implies the presence of target cells for sex steroids. An autoradiographic technique adapted for diffusible compounds was employed to characterize and localize cells which concentrate either [3H]oestradiol (E2) or [3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in their nuclei. This paper describes the topographical distribution of cells containing receptor sites for oestrogen or androgen in various tissues of the reproductive tract of chicken embryos from day 6 to 15 of incubation. Receptor sites for oestradiol are present in the mesenchyme of the cloaca and in urodeum and vascular body. In the lower part of the Wolffian duct, only epithelial cells display nuclear labelling. In the Mullerian duct, nuclear receptor sites for [3H]oestradiol are observed not before day 15. Receptor sites for DHT are localized in the mesenchyme of the cloacal region from day 7 to 15. The Wolffian, but not the Mullerian duct contains receptor sites for DHT in the nuclei of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Cross-competition experiments between [3H]E2 or [3H]DHT and unlabelled DHT or E2 respectively, show that 2 different types of receptor sites exist. The observations indicate: (a) complementary roles forffian, but not the Mullerian duct contains receptor sites for DHT in the nuclei of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Cross-competition experiments between [3H]E2 or [3H]DHT and unlabelled DHT or E2 respectively, show that 2 different types of receptor sites exist. The observations indicate: (a) complementary roles forffian, but not the Mullerian duct contains receptor sites for DHT in the nuclei of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Cross-competition experiments between [3H]E2 or [3H]DHT and unlabelled DHT or E2 respectively, show that 2 different types of receptor sites exist. The observations indicate: (a) complementary roles for oestrogenic and androgenic hormones in embryonic sexual differentiation; (b) precocity of receptors for sex hormones during embryonic development; (c) importance of mesenchyme in differentiation processes which are sex-steroid dependent. PMID- 7310290 TI - The bursa of Fabricius of the chicken embryo: localization and ontogenic evolution of sex-steroid target cells. AB - Androgenic hormones induce inhibition or regression of the bursa of Fabricius in the chick embryo. The high doses of hormones necessary to this involution raises the question of the processes involved and their putative role in the normal development of the bursa. If androgens play a role it is mediated by receptor sites in target cells. Using an autoradiographic technique, receptor sites for androgenic hormones were localized in mesenchymal cells of the bursa from the primordium (7-day embryo) up to the fully differentiated immune organ (15-day embryo). No target cells containing receptor sites in their nuclei were observed in the endodermic epithelium or the follicles. Oestrogen target cells in very small number are found in the mesenchyme of the bursa, in 15-day embryos. The early presence of receptor sites for steroid hormones in the bursa of Fabricius shows that the normal development may be influenced by androgens, but the actual effects are yet to be demonstrated. PMID- 7310291 TI - The effect of delay on the expression of the t6/t6 genotype. AB - In vivo, t6/t6 embryos are developmentally arrested between gestation days 5.5 (short-egg-cylinder stage) and 6.75 (long-egg-cylinder stage). In the present series of studies we used both in vivo and in vitro blastocyst delay followed by in vitro outgrowth to determine whether the t6/t6 lethality is time- or stage specific. The results show that the t6/t6 genome is expressed differently in vivo and in vitro and that the in vitro expression of the homozygous t6 genome differs with different methods of effecting developmental delay. Although delay increases the life span of t6/t6 embryos it does not alter the stage of lethality. One method used to effect delay (ovariectomy) causes the t6/t6 embryos to remain as blastocysts for a significantly longer period of time than their wild-type littermates when placed into outgrowth medium. This distinction provides a unique method for obtaining a sample composed entirely of t6/t6 embryos at a stage prior to the lethal period. PMID- 7310292 TI - Naturally occurring abnormalities (Bruchdreifachbildungen) in the chelae of three species of Crustacea (Decapoda) and a possible explanation. AB - Naturally occurring abnormalities (Bruchdreifachbildungen) in decapod crustacean appendages are described. They are similar to the range of structures experimentally produced by cutting notches in the sides of insect legs (Bohn, 1965). It is argued that they result from failure of wounds to heal. Regeneration from a free surface along the proximodistal axis is always in a distal direction. Surfaces regenerating circumferentially can regenerate in either direction around the circumference. Regeneration will proceed until the two surfaces of the wound meet. Then, where the two surfaces on either side are non-congruent, intervening tissues will be intercalated. This explanation accounts for the range of structures observed after notching experiments (Bohn, 1965) and seen in crustacean Bruchdreifachbildungen. The explanation says that regeneration will occur wherever wounds fail to heal. This avoids the difficulties of the complete circle rule (French, Bryant & Bryant, 1976) and explains why appendages with mirror-image symmetry are often capable of regeneration. PMID- 7310293 TI - Significance of cell-to cell contacts for the directional movement of neural crest cells within a hydrated collagen lattice. AB - Neural tubes whose neural crest had just begun migration were isolated from stage 14 chick embryos, cleaned with 0.1% trypsin, and cultured in transparent hydrated collagen lattices (HCL) in an effect to stimulate in part the three-dimensional environment through which neural crest cells migrate in situ, in the embryo. The concentration of collagen in the lattices varied from 50 microgram/ml to 390 microgram/ml. The mode of movement and contact behaviour of neural crest cells migrating from the neural tube under these conditions were recorded directly with time-lapse cinemicrography. Both their shape and their rate of translocation were dependent on the concentration of collagen in the HCL. In low concentrations (50 microgram/ml to 105 microgram/ml), neural crest cells have elongate spindle shapes and translocate at an average rate of 1 micrometer/min, whereas in high concentrations (190 microgram/ml to 390 microgram/ml), their shape is rounded, and they translocate at an average rate of only 0-5 micrometer/min. Neural crest cells migrate from neural tubes in these preparations principally in loose clusters, with a few single cells in the lead. The cells in these groups display leading-to-trailing edge adhesions and form tongues or streams of cells directed away from the neural tube. The paths of migration of both individual cells and groups of cells are aligned with the collagen fibrils of the HCL, which radiate from the neural tube. The classical visible characteristic of contact inhibition of movement, change in direction of cell movement after contact with other cells, was not observed; neither the rate of translocation nor the time spent migrating away from the tube is dependent on the number of contacts between cells. It is concluded that the directional movement of neural crest cells in HCL cultures does not depend on contact inhibition of movement. PMID- 7310294 TI - Active role of embryonic facial epithelium: new evidence of cellular events in morphogenesis. AB - Epithelial cells of the C57B1/6J mouse embryo participate in a temporal sequence of events associated with the approximation, fusion and consolidation of components of the facial primordia into a definitive structure. These cells lose their surface microvilli, and after a brief period of quiescence they begin to fill the grooves separating facial constituents by producing a series of surface projections that increase in size and complexity as the process of fusion nears termination. Cessation of surface activity and the restoration of epithelial microville indicate the end of the temporal sequence. Significantly, the epithelial cells of primary palates of embryos with genetically-and phenytoin induced cleft lip remain unchanged and do not participate in fusion. This epithelial sequence has not been described previously and we suggest that all of its steps may be critical to the normal development of the mammalian face. PMID- 7310295 TI - An ultrastructural study of the maternal-effect embryos of the ac/ac mutant of Pleurodeles waltl showing a gastrulation defect. AB - Embryos of the ac/ac maternal-effect mutant in Pleurodeles waltl show disturbed epibolic movement during gastrulation. At the early gastrula stage, ectoderm cells begin to sink in at random sites in the animal half of the embryo. At the advanced gastrula stage the ectodermal pits develop into grooves. Electron microscopical analysis shows that many cells in the bottom of the pits and grooves have narrowed apices and bear many microvilli, while the cortical cytoplasm is dense, filamentous and underlain by a stratum of vesicles. These findings are interpreted as indicating that ectoderm cells contract rather than expand leading to disturbed epibolic movement. PMID- 7310296 TI - X-chromosome activity in foetal germ cells of the mouse. AB - A cycle of inactivation and reactivation of one X chromosome in the female (XX) germ line is shown by analysis of gene dosage effects on activity of an X-linked enzyme. The ratio of activities of the X-linked enzyme HPRT and an autosomal enzyme APRT are determined in XX and XY germ cells from embryonic gonads from the 12th to the 17th day of pregnancy. Mitotic stages of XX and XY germ cells on the 12th day have similar HPRT:APRT ratios, but on the 13th day the ratios are significantly higher in XX than XY germ cells. As the XX germ cells enter meiosis they show a marked increase in HPRT:APRT ratio which is primarily due to a rise in X-linked HPRT activity. Comparisons are made with XO germ cells on the 12th and 14th day. On the 12th day, XO do not differ from XX and XY germ cells, suggesting that only one X chromosome is active in XX germ cells at this stage. On the 14th day, on the other hand, the HPRT:APRT ratios in XO and XY germ cells are similar but in XX germ cells the ratio is significantly higher. The twofold difference between the ratio in XX and XO germ cells suggests that by this stage both X chromosomes are active in XX germ cells. The subsequent large increase of the ratio in XX relative to XY germ cells is thought to reflect their differing cell states. PMID- 7310297 TI - A gradation of hyaluronate accumulation along the proximodistal axis of the embryonic chick limb bud. AB - We are currently investigating the mechanism by which the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the embryonic chick limb bud exerts its negative effect on the cytodifferentiation of limb mesenchymal cells directly subjacent to it, and the mechanism by which cytodifferentiation is triggered when the cells leave the influence of the AER. Since there is a gradation of differentiation along the proximodistal axis of the limb bud, we have dissected limb buds into discrete segments along the proximodistal axis, and biochemically examined the accumulation of hyaluronate (HA) and other glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in each segment. The unspecialized subridge region of stage-25 limb buds was separated into distal (segment 1) and proximal (segment 2) regions, and the remaining proximal portion of the limb was separated into four segments (segments 3, 4, 5 and 6) along the proximodistal axis. Stage-24 limb buds were separated into corresponding regions. Since in the proximal regions of the limb (segment 3 through 6), only the cells comprising the central cores of the limb are involved in chondrogenic differentiation, the central core tissue was surgically separated from the peripheral tissue. We have found that HA is by far the predominant GAG accumulated by cells comprising the distal subridge region (representing greater than 50% of the total GAG accumulated during a 90-min labelling period with [3H]glucosamine), and that there is a progressive decline in HA accumulation along the proximodistal axis. The relative and total amount of HA accumulated is highest in the distal subridge region (segment 1), intermediate in the proximal subridge region (segment 2) and lowest in the proximal central core regions of the limb (segments 3 through 6). The striking decrease in HA accumulation in the central core of segment 3 is accompanied by a striking increase in the accumulation of chondroitin sulphate, one of the major constituents of cartilage matrix. In contrast to the central core regions of segments 3 through 6, the relative and total amount of HA accumulated by the peripheral non-chondrogenic regions of these segments remains relatively high, being similar to the accumulation observed in the proximal subridge region. These results indicate that there is a gradation of HA accumulation along the proximodistal axis of both stages-24 and -25 limb buds which correlates with distance of cells from the AER and the state of differentiation of the cells. PMID- 7310298 TI - In vitro studies of mouse embryos bearing mutations in the T complex: effects of culture in suboptimal medium upon t6/t6 and normal embryos. AB - We have compared the behaviour of normal and t6/t6 embryos in PCMF, a suboptimal 'delay' medium which arrests normal development. Morphologically, the two types of embryos are indistinguishable in this medium. Although beta-glucuronidase activity in embryos does not rise as quickly in delay medium as in cNCTC, a nutritive medium, the rate of increase is similar in t6/t6 and normal embryos. We conclude from these observations that the lethality of t6/t6 embryos is not a consequence of their reaching a given absolute age. Together with previous studies, our data suggest that embryo lethality correlates more closely with metabolic state than with morphological stage. Blastocysts maintained in PCMF are unable to give rise to trophoblast outgrowths but do so upon transfer into cNCTC medium. When a mixture of fourth-day t6/t6 and normal embryos are transferred to cNCTC medium after lengthy pre-incubation periods in PCMF, trophoblast outgrowth is initiated from both types of embryos at approximately the same time. However, when embryos are removed from the genital tract on the second or third day of gestation, t6/t6 embryos are slower to produce trophoblast outgrowths than are normal embryos upon transfer from PCMF to cNCTC medium. Although the reason for this differential behaviour is not yet clear, it is hypothesized that some product(s) required for the outgrowth process is (are) more unstable in third-day t6/t6 embryos than in normal third-day embryos or fourth-day t6/t6 embryos. Our ability to separate t6/t6 from normal embryos by their delayed initiation of trophoblast outgrowth provides us with a convenient way to identify, and to isolate for analysis, enriched populations of homozygous mutant embryos prior to the time at which they show gross morphological abnormalities. PMID- 7310299 TI - Induction of cleft lip in cultured rat embryos by localized administration of tunicamycin. AB - Whole-embryo culture techniques have advanced to the point where the study of normal and abnormal primary palate development in vitro is possible. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether localized administration of tunicamycin (TM) an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, into the region of the developing primary palate would induce cleft lip in culture. Rat embryos were explanted on late day 11 of gestation and cultured with open yolk sacs for 40 h. TM was administered by implanting a sterile eyelash soaked in TM into the nasal placode region. The contralateral placode was used as the control by implanting an eyelash lacking TM. Under these conditions, TM-treated placodes were found to develop cleft lip in 14 out of 15 embryos compared to 0 for the controls. These experiments demonstrate that localized administration of TM results in cleft lip formation in whole embryo culture. The technique of localized administration of drugs and teratogens in whole embryo culture should prove useful for similar studies on embryonic development. PMID- 7310300 TI - Proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells during compensatory growth in mouse embryos. AB - Primitive-streak-stage mouse embryos were treated with Mitomycin C injected intraperitoneally into pregnant females at 6.75--7.0 days post coitum. The newborn mice developed poorly and mortality was high during the suckling period. Many weaned survivors showed impaired fertility and poor breeding performance. Histological examination revealed a paucity of germ cells in the adult gonads. The deficiency was mainly caused by a severe reduction of the primordial germ cell population in early embryonic life, which was not fully compensated for during the compensatory growth phase of the Mitomycin C-treated embryo. Also contributing to such impaired fertility were retarded migration of the primordial germ cells into the genital ridges, poor development of the foetal gonad and secondary loss of the germ cells during gametogenesis in males. PMID- 7310301 TI - Muscle nerve branches do not develop in chick wings devoid of muscle. AB - If the somitic mesoderm of a 2-day chick embryo is destroyed by X-irradiation, the adjacent limb develops with a normal pattern of connective tissues, but is devoid of muscle. The innervation of muscleless wings produced in this way was examined in silver-stained whole mounts, fixed 3 to 8 days later. The main nerve trunks and their cutaneous branches developed normally; but the nerve branches which in a normal limb would lead to individual muscles were generally absent. In almost all those exceptional cases where muscle nerve branches were present, muscle was found to be present also, despite the X-irradiation. Where there was no muscle, the muscle nerve branches apparently did not even begin to form. As a control for side effects of the X-irradiation, wing buds were grafted from normal to irradiated embryos and vice-versa, and again analysed for their innervation. The results confirmed that the absence of muscle nerve branches was due to the absence of muscle cells in the limb. Thus (1) the routes taken through a limb by the main mixed nerve trunks and by their cutaneous branches are determined by the connective tissues, and not by any mechanisms requiring muscle cells; but (2) muscle cells are necessary to provoke the formation of the side branches leading to the sites of individual muscles. PMID- 7310302 TI - Somitogenesis in the amphibian Xenopus laevis: scanning electron microscopic analysis of intrasomitic cellular arrangements during somite rotation. AB - The intrasomitic changes in cell arrangement which accompany somite rotation during somitogenesis in Xenopus laevis were analysed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Longitudinal, horizontal fractures of whole embryos were examined at various dorsoventral levels of stage-22 to -24 embryos. Observations of the gross morphological features of somitogenesis, and the cellular changes which accompany somite segmentation and somite rotation were made. Several of these observations lead to modifications of previous models for the cellular basis of somitogenesis in Xenopus. Individual cellular rearrangements, rather than simultaneous block rotation of a whole somite, appear to be responsible for the 90 degrees rotation of myotomal cells within a single somite. Cellular arrangements in fused somites were also examined. Some ultraviolet-irradiated embryos displayed a complete lack of a notochord. The somites in those embryos were fused across the midline beneath the neural tube. The dorsal and ventral arms of the somites are not fused. Normal rotation occurs only in the dorsal and ventral arms while, in the majority of cases, cells in the fused region fail to rotate normally. In some cases, individual cells in the fused region undergo partial rearrangement. Those observations support the notion that individual cellular rearrangements account for the rotation of the whole somite. PMID- 7310303 TI - Presence of serotonin in the palate just prior to shelf elevation. AB - Since serotonin and its antagonists affect shelf rotation in mouse embryo culture, experiments were carried out to determine whether a serotonergic system is present in the palate. Employing [3H]5-HT, day-14.5 embryos incorporated the monoamine into palates. Active uptake of [3H]5-HT was shown since excised palates incorporated 9-fold more radioactivity at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Synthesis of palatal serotonin was measured. Embryos were cultured in the presence of the serotonin precursor, [3H]5-HTP, and radioactive 5-HT was monitored in the palate by thin-layer chromatography. Furthermore, excised palates were incubated with [3H]5-HTP and radioactive 5-HT was measured. Incorporation was linear for about 6 h. In addition, another radioactive compound was detected which had the same Rf as the methylated derivative, 5 methoxytryptamine. Synthesis of this compound was appreciable, about 30% of that of serotonin. Levels of serotonin in the palate were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Palates at day 14.5 of gestation contained 0.40 ng serotonin/mg protein, which was greater than that of tongue (0.33), body (0.14) but less than that of brain (3.09). Serotonin in palate and other embryonic tissues increased with time of development. Dopamine levels in the palate and other tissues were also determined. The distribution of serotonin in the palate was analyzed by culturing day-14.5 embryos in the presence of [3H]5-HTP, and after aldehyde fixation, paraffin embedment and sectioning, autoradiography was performed. Grains were observed throughout the palate in cells of regions 2 and 3, internal mesenchyme, tooth germ, and epithelium. Surprisingly, the pterygopalatine nerve, maxillary nerve and pterygopalatine ganglion contained an appreciable concentration of grains. Thus, the presence of serotonin in the palate is consistent with the neurotransmitter playing a role in shelf elevation. PMID- 7310304 TI - Random X-chromosome inactivation in female primordial germ cells in the mouse. AB - The pattern of expression of the two X chromosomes was investigated in pre meiotic germ cells from 12 1/2-day-old female embryos heterozygous for the variant electrophoretic forms of the X-linked enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK 1). If such germ cells carry the preferentially active Searle's translocated X chromosome (Lyon, Searle, Ford & Ohno, 1964), then only the Pgk-1 allele on this chromosome is expressed. This confirms Johnston's evidence (1979, 1981) that Pgk 1 expression reflects a single active X chromosome at this time. Extracts of 12 1/2-day germ cells from heterozygous females carrying two normal X chromosomes show both the A and the B forms of PGK; since only one X chromosome in each cell is active, different alleles must be expressed in different cells, suggesting that X-chromosome inactivation is normally random in the germ line. This result makes it unlikely that germ cells are derived from the yolk-sac endoderm where the paternally derived X chromosome is preferentially inactivated. In their pattern of X-chromosome inactivation, germ cells evidently resemble other tissues derived from the epiblast. PMID- 7310305 TI - Early erythropoiesis in foetal rat bone marrow: evidence for a liver-to-bone marrow relay. AB - Erythropoietic activity of foetal rat femoral marrow was examined during the last four days of intra-uterine life. Insignificant at day 18, it develops slowly thereafter until birth. In the non-suckled neonate (not older than two hours), it appears notably enhanced. In order to test the potential of the foetal marrow to develop precocious or increased erythropoiesis, the activity of the erythropoietic organ predominant at this time, the liver, was altered by modifying the level of circulating corticosteroids, which govern its function. Maturation and involution of the hepatic erythron wee prevented by corticosteroid deprivation of the foetus (maternal adrenalectomy and foetal hypophysectomy). Precocious maturation and exhaustion of the hepatic erythron was induced by submitting foetuses to corticosteroids excess from day 14. Both corticosteroid deprivation and excess increase the erythropoietic activity of the femoral marrow. This activity can reach and even exceed by day 20 of intrauterine life that in neonatal marrow. Foetal hepatic erythron misfunction can therefore initiate and stimulate bone marrow erythropoiesis. The study of circulating red blood cells demonstrates that : (1) anaemia initiates medullary erythropoietic activity; (2) this anaemia is largely corrected by the bone marrow. The regulatory mechanism is presumably erythropoietin mediated. PMID- 7310306 TI - The formation of somites and early myotomal myogenesis in Xenopus laevis, Bombina variegata and Pelobates fuscus. AB - Myogenesis in Xenopus laevis and in Bombina variegata is similar despite differences in the structure of the nonsegmented mesoderm and in the formation of the myotomes. In X. laevis the nonsegmented mesoderm consists of two cell layers with the premyocoel between them. During somitogenesis the premyoblasts rotate covering subsequently the whole myotome length. In B. variegata the premyocoel is absent. The myotomal cells change their shape and elongate, attaining ultimately the whole myotome length. The morphologically mature mononuclear muscle cells in both species result from myogenesis beginning in similarly arranged myoblasts. The multinuclear myotubes arise in the swimming tadpole (stage 45). The structure of the nonsegmented mesoderm and of the newly formed myotomes in Pelobates fuscus is similar to that of B. variegata, while the process of myogenesis is different. It begins in the multinuclear myotubes. The stage of morphologically mature mononuclear muscle cells was not observed in the light microscope. The results suggest that myotomal myogenesis is related neither to any particular type of nonsegmented mesoderm structure nor to any specific mode of myotome formation. PMID- 7310307 TI - The induction of neural crest-derived cartilage and bone by embryonic epithelia: an analysis of the mode of action of an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. AB - The formation of membrane bone from neural crest-derived mesenchyme of the maxillary and mandibular processes of the embryonic chick depends upon prior interactions between the mesenchyme and maxillary or mandibular epithelia. The present study explores the specificity of these interactions using tissue recombinations between heterotypic epithelia and mesenchyme. Mandibular and maxillary mesenchyme responded to maxillary and mandibular epithelia by forming bone. A third osteogenically inductive epithelium, the scleral epithelium with its specialized scleral papillae, also allowed mandibular mesenchyme to form bone, indicating that mesenchyme can form bone in response to osteogenic epithelia other than its own. Epithelia which normally do not induce membrane bone formation in situ (wing and leg bud, back and abdominal epithelia) also allowed mandibular epithelia to ossify as did mandibular epithelia from the 10 day-old foetal mouse. Thus this tissue interaction is neither site nor species specific. Mandibular epithelium allowed bone to form in osteogenic mesenchyme from the maxilla and the sclera of the chick and from the mouse mandible but would not induce bone formation from normally non-osteogenic mesenchyme of the limb buds, chorioallantoic membrane or trunk neural crest. The results obtained with all of the tissue recombinations were consistent with the epithelial mesenchyme interactions that initiate osteogenesis in both the mandibular and the maxillary processes being permissive interactions. The distinction between permissive and instructive interactions is discussed. PMID- 7310308 TI - Experimental evidence for autonomous action of the periodic albinism (ap) gene within developing retinal pigment cells and melanophores of Xenopus laevis. AB - Genes which affect pigment elaboration may do so by autonomous action within the developing pigment cells or by way of tissue interactions leading to pigment cell differentiation. The site of action of the periodic albinism (ap) gene was investigated by substituting presumptive neural ectoderm of gastrulae of one genotype with uncommitted ectoderm of different genotype. Retinal pigment cells and melanophores arising from such grafts were found to differentiate according to their own genotype in spite of having spent their entire developmental history in tissues of different genotype. This finding demonstrates autonomous action of the ap gene within pigment cell derivatives and does not support recent proposals that the ap gene is involved in inductive interactions leading to melanogenesis. Experiments in which portions of presumptive dorsal mesoderm, implanted in gastrulae of different genotype, induced secondary pigment cells of host phenotype further support the proposal that the ap effect on pigment cells is not mediated by inductive interactions. PMID- 7310309 TI - On the 'clock' mechanism determining the time of tissue-specific enzyme development during ascidian embryogenesis. II. Evidence for association of the clock with the cycle of DNA replication. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a tissue-specific enzyme of the muscle cells of ascidian embryos and its synthesis begins at the neurula stage. Embryos which had been permanently cleavage-arrested with cytochalasin B could develop AChE activity. The time of first AChE occurrence in embryos which had been arrested in the 32-cell stage with cytochalasin was about the same as in normal embryos. The nucleus in the cell of cytochalasin-arrested embryos divided in good synchrony with that of normal embryos. Embryos which had been continuously arrested with colchicine could also produce AChE activity at nearly the same time as did normal embryos. In the cell of colchicine-arrested embryos normal nuclear divisions did not occur, but the cell showed repeated cycles of nuclear envelope breakdown and nuclear envelope reformation in almost parallel with cell cycles of normal embryos. The cell of colchicine-arrested embryos incorporated [3H]thymidine. Aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, prevented cleavages of ascidian eggs. Embryos which had been permanently arrested with aphidicolin in the cleavage stages up to the 64-cell stage did not develop AChE activity, while embryos which had been treated with it from the 76-cell stage onwards were found to be able to differentiate AChE activity. Based on these findings it was proposed that DNA replication is prerequisite for development of the histospecific protein and that the cycle of DNA replication is closely associated with the clock mechanism which is determining the time of initiation of the enzyme development. PMID- 7310310 TI - Location of pre-hepatic cells in the early developmental stages of quail embryos. AB - The location of the pre-hepatic cells which can respond to the inductive influence of the cardiac mesoderm and differentiate to the hepatic epithelium was investigated in quail embryos between the unincubated and 8-somite stages. These cells were found to exist in the whole area of the blastoderm of unincubated and prestreak stages. At the short-streak stage, just before the beginning of gastrulation, pre-hepatic cells are confined to the anterior part of the primitive streak. During gastrulation, prehepatic cells invaginate through this area of the primitive streak and enter the endoblastic layer. They are found in the anterior half of the endoblastic layer as well as in the lower half of the anterior part of the primitive streak at the medium- to definitive-streak stages. After gastrulation, they are consistently found only in the anterior half of the endoblastic layer. From the 1-somite stage, at least up to the 8-somite stage, the pre-hepatic cells are localized in the endoderm, anterior to the level of the 3rd somite. Since the pre-hepatic cells or their progenitors were always found within the definitive endoblast which invaginates from the epiblast during gastrulation, it can be presumed that the pre-hepatic cells originate from the epiblast, invaginate through the anterior part of the primitive streak between the short- and the definitive-streak stage, and enter the definitive endoblast. PMID- 7310311 TI - An autoradiographic analysis of the potency of embryonic ectoderm in the 8th day postimplantation mouse embryo. AB - The potency of 8th day mouse embryonic ectoderm cells has been studied by injecting them into synchronous embryos which were subsequently cultured for 36 h. The development of injected embryos in vitro was comparable to that of embryos maintained in vivo. Tritiated thymidine was used to label the donor cells so that chimaerism could be analysed histologically. The results demonstrate the pluripotency of embryonic ectoderm in situ in the late primitive-streak-stage embryo. In addition, the patterns of donor cell colonization vary according to the site of origin and injection of the donor tissue. PMID- 7310313 TI - A co-operative approach to acoustic schwannomas. PMID- 7310314 TI - Photographing microsurgery--still and dynamic techniques. PMID- 7310312 TI - Electrical activity and relative length changes of dog limb muscles as a function of speed and gait. AB - Electrical activity and length changes of 11 muscles of the fore- and hind- limbs of dogs walking, running, and galloping on a treadmill, were measured as a function of forward speed and gait. Our purpose was to find out whether the activity patterns of the major limb muscles were consistent with the two mechanisms proposed for storage and recovery of energy within a stride: a 'pendulum-like' mechanism during a walk, and a 'spring-like' mechanism during a run. In the stance phase of the walking dog, we found that the supraspinatus, long head of the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius underwent only minor length changes during a relatively long portion of their activity, Thus, a major part of their activity during the walk seems consistent with a role in stabilization of the joints as the dog 'pole vaulted' over its limbs (and thereby conserved energy). In the stance phase of trotting and/or galloping dogs, we found that the supraspinatus, lateral head of the triceps, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius were active while being stretched prior to shortening (as would be required for elastic storage of energy), and that this type of activity increased with increasing speed. We also found muscular activity in the select limb flexors that was consistent with storage of kinetic energy at the end of the swing phase and recovery during the propulsive stroke. This activity pattern was apparent in the latissimus dorsi during a walk and trot, and in the biceps femoris during a trot and gallop. We conclude that, during locomotion, a significant fraction of the electrical activity of a number of limbs muscles occurs while they undergo little or no length change or are being stretched prior to shortening and that these types of activities occur in a manner that would enable the operation of pendulum-like and spring-like mechanisms for conserving energy within a stride. Therefore these forms of muscular activity, in addition to the more familiar activity associated with muscle shortening, should be considered to be important during locomotion. PMID- 7310315 TI - Preserved arterial grafts in microvascular surgery. AB - The patency rates of arterial grafts preserved by immersion in 70% alcohol and arterial grafts preserved by ficin digestion and dialdehyde tanning were compared with the patency rate of fresh autogenous vein grafts in 5-mm defects in the femoral arteries of 50 rats. The overall patency rate for the fresh vein grafts was 90%. The patency rate at 2 weeks for the alcohol-preserved arterial grafts was 40%; the patency rate for the dialdehyde-tanned arterial grafts at 2 weeks was 30%. The difference between the rates for the fresh vein grafts and the alcohol-preserved and dialdehyde-tanned grafts was statistically significant (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001, respectively). At 2 months there was no statistically significant difference in the rates between the autogenous vein grafts and the preserved arterial grafts, probably because of recanalization of grafts that had occluded primarily. From the data, it is concluded that fresh autogenous vein grafts are still superior to preserved arterial grafts in microvascular surgery. PMID- 7310318 TI - Experimental aortocaval fistulae in rats. PMID- 7310316 TI - Revascularization of the heart by laser. AB - The possibility of revascularizing the myocardium with high-energy laser was investigated based on the finding that the laser beam could produce small channels in the tissue of the myocardium that were devoid of debris and scarring. The technique was investigated in 4 groups of 6 mongrel dogs each. In 3 of the groups, the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligated above the first diagonal branch and the myocardium was treated with the laser energy according to the protocol of that group. In the fourth control group, the LAD artery was ligated but the myocardium was not subjected to laser treatment. In the first 3 groups, the myocardium was protected by the channels produced by the application of the laser energy. The animals were subsequently sacrificed at various intervals. In the control group, all of the animals died within 20 minutes of ligation of the artery. At autopsy, the epicardial sites of the channels created by the laser were clearly visible and a lack of charring in the channels was demonstrated. The penetration through the endocardial surface could be demonstrated. Microscopically, the channels were patent and endothelialized. It is concluded that the channels created in the myocardium effectively helped to protect the myocardium from acute coronary artery occlusion in this model in dogs. PMID- 7310317 TI - Revascularization of autotransplanted ovine eyes by microsurgical anastomosis. PMID- 7310319 TI - A sensory innervated latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous free flap: case report. PMID- 7310320 TI - Survival of a myocutaneous free flap after prolonged ischemia: a case report. PMID- 7310321 TI - Stability of macro creatine kinases and creatine kinase isoenzymes compared: heat inactivation test for determination of thermostable creatine kinases. AB - Creatine kinase isoenzymes showed decreasing thermal stability and increasing lability towards pH changes in the order: MM, MB, and BB. The three isoenzymes exhibited their highest stability between pH 6.5 and 7.0. At 37 degrees C and an almost physiological pH of 7.5 the decay constants were 0.025, 0.164 and 0.580 h 1 (MM, MB, and BB isoenzyme), respectively. In contrast to free creatine kinase BB, immunoglobulin-linked creatine kinase BB (macro creatine kinase BB, type 1 macro creatine kinase) showed a markedly higher stability; this accounts for the persistence of creatine kinase BB activity in macro creatine kinasaemia. In addition we identified a second type of macro creatine kinase in patients' sera, which is also thermostable. A simple heat inactivation test (20 minutes, 45 degrees C, immunoinhibition of the M-subunits) differentiates thermostable macro creatine kinases from thermolabile creatine kinases and thus completes isoenzyme diagnosis. PMID- 7310322 TI - An evaluation of the automated OLLI CD discrete analyser. AB - We report the evaluation of a novel clinical chemical analyser, the OLLI CD, which is highly automated compared to its predecessor, the OLLI 3000 analyser. The precision of the dispensing unit, the OLLI D, was assessed with the aid of aqueous solutions of 131I. Sample pipetting of 10 microliter resulted in a coefficient of variation of 0.81%. Lower volumes were unreliable. However, precision of the addition of start reagent for kinetic methods appeared to be only 2.7% for 20 microliter, 1.7% for 50 microliter and 2.1% for 250 microliter. The linearity of response and the precision of the photometer unit, the OLLI C, was assessed with cobalt(II)sulfate solutions. The linearity ranged up to an absorbance of 2.5. The reproducibility of the colorimeter ranged from A510nm 0.0011 to 0.0047. With this analyser good correlations were obtained for alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) vs LKB 8600 reaction rate analyser; for creatinine vs Mark II Autoanalyzer; and for total protein vs SMA 6/60 Autoanalyzer. These three determinations showed acceptable between-day variations. General instrument performance was acceptable. PMID- 7310323 TI - Reference values of renal excretion of fluoride. AB - Fluoride was measured in the spontaneous urine of a group of persons (n = 397) occupationally non-exposed to fluoride. At a concentration less than 2 . 10(-4) g/kg fluoride in drinking water the mean fluoride excretion in urine is 0.61 mg/l F with an upper limit of 2.00 mg/l F. The 95-percentile of normal fluoride excretion is 1.0 mg/l F. By correcting the values for the specific gravity of 1.024 the mean value of the fluoride excretion is 0.74 mg/l F with an upper limit of 3.9 mg/l F. The measured pH and calcium contents had no influence on the fluoride excretion. PMID- 7310325 TI - [Systematic errors due to phosphate and sulphate in human and control serum in the determination of calcium by atomic absorption spectroscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310326 TI - The levels of serum enzymes, plasma proteins and lipids in normal infants and small children. AB - A group of 291 children aged 3 weeks to 6 1/2 years was examined at a public maternal and child health center and 260 of them - who were considered to be healthy - were included in the present study. By venipuncture, serum was obtained for the analysis of 6 enzymes, and plasma for the estimation of 9 proteins and for lipid analyses. In different age groups, high levels were found for alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, prealbumin and transferrin were present at low concentrations during the first months of life. Transferrin rose later in childhood to above adult levels. Only immunoglobulin M showed a sex difference, with higher values for girls. Breast-fed infants had higher (non-fasting) concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides than formula-fed babies, and they also had higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. PMID- 7310324 TI - Experiences using chloramine-T and 1, 3, 4, 6-tetrachloro-3 alpha, 6 alpha diphenylglycoluril (Iodogen) for radioiodination of materials for radioimmunoassay. AB - A comparison of labelling compounds with chloramine-T and with 1, 3, 4, 6 tetrachloro-3 alpha, 6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril (Iodogen) has been carried out. For human transferrin, human calcitonin, 1-84 bovine parathyrin, fibrinopeptide A, human thyrotropin and F-CB3, a cyanogen bromide cleavage peptide of human fibrinogen, the quality of tracer produced by the Iodogen method was better. For rat lutropin, human growth hormone and human prolactin, labelling with Iodogen produced a tracer of unsatisfactory quality. For a further 13 peptides, the results from both methods were comparable. Optimal reaction times using Iodogen were of the magnitude of two to three times longer than when using chloramine-T. Reduction of the volume of radioactive waste by up to 90% could be achieved when the Iodogen method was coupled with a short cation-exchange column to separate unreacted iodide from the labelled compound. Data is presented on the quality of tracer, expressed in terms of elution profiles and radioimmunoassay standard curves. A novel "combi-method" of labelling proteins without tyrosine or histidine moieties is presented where N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate is labelled at pH 7.5 using Iodogen to give "Bolton-Hunter" reagent, which is then transferred to a vessel containing the peptide to be labelled at ph 8.6. PMID- 7310327 TI - Role of the thiazolyl sulphur of ambilhar as an electron donor in metal chelation. AB - Administration of ambilhar or its N-acetyl derivative to rabbits resulted in a significant increase in urinary iron excretion, due to chelation. Substitution of the sulphur of thiazole by nitrogen abolished its metal chelating power. In vitro three different iron chelates were obtained, containing one or two iron atoms per mole of drug. However, in vivo studies revealed the presence of an ambilhar iron complex in which 6 molecules of the drug were chelated with one iron atom. Reduction is an important factor in the process of metal chelation by the thiazole sulphur of the drug. PMID- 7310328 TI - [Effect of anaesthesia on the metabolism of noradrenaline in rat brain (author's transl)]. AB - A specific and sensitive method is described for the separation and determination of metabolites of radioactively labelled noradrenaline in very small amounts of brain tissue. This method gives reproducible results, it allows the direct determination of all major metabolites of noradrenaline from the same extract, and is suitable for quantitating a large number of samples in relatively short time. This method was used to investigate how the half-life (turnover) and the metabolism of noradrenaline in rat brain may be influenced by anaesthesia with nembutal. It was found that both the half-life time as well as the metabolism of noradrenaline are reduced during nembutal anaesthesia; in addition, the release of metabolites of noradrenaline into the blood is delayed. When studying the metabolism of neurotransmitters, it has to be considered that nembutal-narcosis influences the metabolic pattern of noradrenaline as well as its temporal changes. PMID- 7310329 TI - [Evaluation of test strips for the semi-quantitative screening for proteinurias (author's transl)]. AB - Commercial test strips using the protein error of certain indicators for the colorimetric detection of protein (especially albumin) were compared with a quantitative nephelometric method. The study proved that there is good agreement between the results from the quantitative method and those from the test strips (Rapignost Protein/Combur-8-Test). Both test strips generally shoed a good separation of the segments for semi-quantitative determinations. There was a very good agreement between the test strips in protein-containing urines. In protein free urines, however, the Combur-8-Test showed a slightly higher proportion of false-positive results. PMID- 7310330 TI - [Comparison of analytical methods for the estimation of glycosylated haemoglobins (author's transl)]. AB - The glycosylated haemoglobins of 26 different blood samples were analysed by six different methods; the regression lines and the correlation coefficients were calculated from the analytical data. The best separation and estimation of the fast haemoglobin fractions were achieved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore HPLC is regarded as the reference method for the analysis of fast haemoglobin fractions. Microcolumn chromatography or the thiobarbituric acid method are recommended for routine analysis in clinical laboratories. Since the labile aldimine (Schiff's base) can be calculated from the analytical data or destroyed by appropriate methods, this glycosylated haemoglobin fraction does not interfere with the results. PMID- 7310331 TI - Direct spectrophotometric determination of serum and urinary oxalate with oxalate oxidase. AB - A new enzymatic method for direct photometric determination of oxalate in serum and urine is described, using oxalate oxidase. The resulting H2O2 is measured with a coupled enzyme system of catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Percentage recovery of added oxalate was 99 +/- 4 in serum, and 98 +/- 4 in urine (n - 10). Oxalate serum levels varied from 16.9 to 44.8 mumol/l. Oxalate values can be determined within 20 minutes, without time consuming pretreatment of samples. The detection limit is 5 mumol/l. PMID- 7310332 TI - [Optimization of sample splitting in a centralized clinical chemical institute (author's transl)]. AB - Mechanized sample splitting machines controlled by a laboratory data processing system have been realized in only a few centralized laboratories. Bottlenecks and mistakes in sample processing are avoided by means of direct machine readable identification and parallel splitting of the secondary tubes. Our previous experience has shown that a strategy for sample splitting has to go far beyond these basic functional requirements. The splitting process must be suited to the organization of the particular laboratory, and it must be adjusted to deal with problems of individual samples containing analytically interfering substances, or variable splitting may be required in cases of inadequate sample volumes. In addition to sample identification, the secondary tube has to be coded with the date and the type of material. This allows cumulative on-line processing and series of analyses of different materials. A suitable positional arrangement of containers for control material must be born in mind for quality control performances. We have realized these additional requirements by means of a consequent mutual adaptation in the layout of the request form (marking of priority and additional information), the file structure of the data processing system and the control program of the sample splitting machine. PMID- 7310333 TI - Prognostic significance of CEA in colorectal cancer: a statistical study. AB - Pretreatment and serial posttreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serum levels were studied with respect to the course of disease in 222 patients with colorectal cancer. The CEA values during the subsequent six years were expressed in actuarial or cumulative plots in relation to tumour-free period, time of diagnosis of recurrence and other parameters. The pretreatment CEA value was highly significant but gave no more prognostic information than the Dukes classification. The pretreatment CEA had prognostic significance only in inoperable patients. Elevated pretreatment CEA did not exclude the possibility of curative treatment. Normalization of CEA after resection did not indicate completeness of cure. In patients with local or distant recurrences CEA occasionally rose before recurrences became clinically apparent. Positive lead time was 0-625 days. However, in about 40% of the patients clinical diagnosis of recurrence preceded a rise of CEA. Maximal negative lead time was 585 days. Statistically, recurrence without a rise of CEA was exceptional. The results strongly suggest that serial CEA determinations cannot replace physical examination and follow-up. PMID- 7310334 TI - [Quantitative laser-nephelometric detection of rheumatoid factor, using IgG coated latex particles (author's transl)]. AB - The laser-nephelometric test (Latex RF test) detects rheumatoid factor activity, and is based on immune complex formation between IgG coated latex particles and rheumatoid factor. This test requires little time and gives qualitative results in good precision. The latex nephelometric test and the frequently used agglutination tests (Waaler-Rose, Latex agglutination test) give the same qualitative results. In the quantitative assay higher nephelometric results correlate on average with higher titers in the Waaler-Rose and Latex agglutination test. The high standard deviation could be explained by the fact that other factors (IgG rheumatoid factor, IgG and IgG-IGM immune complexes), in addition to the IgM rheumatoid factor concentration, influence the immune complex formation in vitro. PMID- 7310335 TI - The importance of a blind control in the establishment of assigned values in control sera. The establishment of assigned values in control sera, I. AB - We describe a study by which the establishment of assigned values of a control serum was simulated. The study covered two controls: The internal known control and a blind control. Seven constituents were analyzed in 10 or 11 laboratories, respectively, yielding a total of 72 sets of analytical values. Each set covered double determinations within approximately 18 series for each sample. The course of a blind control correlates better with the unknown sample for which assigned values are to be determined than does a known control. Out of 72 sets 5 sets were found incorrect. Out of these, 2 sets could be recognized exclusively by means of the blind control, and 2 others primarily by means of the known control; one of these could be detected by means of the double determinations. Consequently, a blind control has a greater control efficiency than double determinations. PMID- 7310336 TI - The inadequacy of normal distribution models for the establishment of assigned values in control sera. The establishment of assigned values in control sera, II. AB - We compare 4 statistical models for the establishment of assigned values in a control serum which are based on the assumption of a normal distribution. The first model results in mean +/- 2s, whereas each of the following 3 models are based on a special analysis of variance. We studied by means of appropriate statistical tests the distributional properties of the data of the study described in part 1 of this series (Passing, H. et al. (1981) this j. 19, 1137 1144). Many model assumptions are violated: The totality of data of each method was never normally distributed, normal distribution within laboratories was not given in 27 out of 67 cases, and precision and accuracy varied from reference laboratory to reference laboratory. Moreover, assigned values and uncertainty intervals calculated by means of these methods can be misleading to the customer. Therefore, these models cannot be applied, and a distribution-free procedure has to be used instead. PMID- 7310337 TI - Reimbursement for mental health services in primary care: lessons from the Canadian experience. PMID- 7310338 TI - Preventive medicine in family practice. PMID- 7310339 TI - Drug samples in a model unit. PMID- 7310340 TI - A study of patients with psychosocial problems in a family practice. AB - This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that family practice patients with intrapersonal psychosocial problems are likely to be identified as having more health problems in general than patients not afflicted in this way. A second general objective of the study was to provide a health profile of patients having intrapersonal problems as compared with patients who do not. The total number of patients identified as having intrapersonal problems was 321 patients, 30.5 percent of this teaching practice population, but for purposes of the study a small sample (n = 94) was randomly selected. A control group was randomly selected from patients matched by age and sex in the practice. Study group patients were found to have a significantly greater number of family problems, hospital admissions, major surgical procedures, number of visits to the practice, gastrointestinal disorders, and illness due to inflammatory causes when compared to controls. This group was also found to have received more psychiatric care, more attention from allied health professionals, and more frequent psychotropic drugs. This study suggests that family physicians care for a cohort of patients with a high frequency of psychosocial problems and that these patients have an increased use of health care services. PMID- 7310341 TI - Negotiation as an integral part of the physician's clinical reasoning. AB - Recent interest in the clinical process and its teaching has been based on research which has more clearly defined what actually happens. However, the way in which the physician interacts with the patient has not been given enough emphasis. It is proposed that the concept of negotiation be added to the other components of the physician's activity in clinical reasoning. Negotiation stresses the essential personal equality between physician and patient and the necessity for agreement between them about the problem and its management before the clinical encounter can be successful. Patients may negotiate directly or indirectly. This is dependent upon their perceived power of negotiation. The power to negotiate is at its strongest in the ambulatory patient and at its weakest in the patient who is admitted to the traditional university teaching center. It therefore behooves university teachers to negotiate meaningfully with the patient in the teaching center. This will ensure that students and residents observe negotiation as an important aspect of the clinical process, avoid learning it painfully, if at all, in practice. PMID- 7310342 TI - Truth: treatment of choice, scarce resource, or patient's right? AB - Two approaches are described for addressing ethical problems of truth telling. In neither approach is truth telling an ethical absolute, but rather a means of attaining the goal that is assumed for medicine. The first approach, based upon the aim of benefiting the patient, is the view that information is to be disclosed or withheld according to the anticipated effect upon the patient's well being. The second approach, based upon the aim of facilitating patient autonomy in health matters, is the view that informed decision making requires access to all information the patient considers relevant. While the choice between the two views belongs to the individual practitioner, the author proposes that the autonomy position affords the greatest benefit to both patient and physician. PMID- 7310343 TI - A family data base for the family oriented medical record. AB - A family data base is defined along with the method for obtaining it. It can be used in its entirety to evaluate troubled families, or it can be abbreviated for intake and screening functions. Once complete, the data base is incorporated into the family oriented medical record, serving a purpose for the family analogous to that of the traditional history and physical examination for the individual. It provides for family medical and social information to be kept in one place, obviating the necessity of recording the information separately for each family member. The primary focus of the data base is psychosocial, but other problems, such as inherited or infectious disease in the family, are also included. This method has been used to teach concepts of family oriented care and to facilitate health care delivery in a variety of settings. PMID- 7310344 TI - Teaching styles in the faculty-resident relationship. AB - As part of an effort to train family physicians to be more effective teachers in family medicine, a teaching styles workshop program was developed. The aim of the program is to help physician teachers to become more flexible in matching a teaching style to a particular teaching context. The program consists of three components: (1) a scheme for classifying teaching behaviors as belonging to one of the four basic styles identified, (2) videotaped models of each of the four basic styles, and (3) structured role playing by workshop participants in which the four styles are practiced and critiqued. The program, as used in two different sets of faculty development workshops, is described and recommendations for its use by others given. PMID- 7310345 TI - Recognition of a heritable disorder. AB - The question, Does the patient have a heritable disorder? is often the problem of the primary care physician. This paper presents an approach to the patient or family who possibly has a heritable disorder. Emphasis is placed on the need for appropriate planning to obtain the exact diagnosis and the resources available to the primary care physician. The role and process of genetic counseling in primary care are described. PMID- 7310347 TI - The educational pelvic examination. PMID- 7310346 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a middle-aged male. PMID- 7310348 TI - Family physicians as consultants. PMID- 7310349 TI - Comparison of family practice in the United States and the United Kingdom. PMID- 7310350 TI - Use of pediatric prenatal visits by family physicians. AB - A questionnaire regarding the use of pediatric prenatal counseling interviews was mailed to 235 randomly chosen family physicians. From 164 responses, 69 practicing family physicians who see a minimum of ten newborns per year were identified. Thirty-five (51 percent) of this study group conducted pediatric prenatal visits with the expectant parents. They saw a mean of 65 percent of mothers (or couples) for such an interview and were unanimously in favor of fathers" attending the session. Whether members of the study group did or did not conduct prenatal visits did not correlate with geographic location, number of years in practice, or board certification. Those who did conduct prenatal interviews saw significantly more newborns per year than those who did not. The average prenatal visit lasted significantly longer than a well-baby visit. Study group members, regardless of whether they conducted prenatal interviews, had positive attitudes about their use. High consensus regarding the usefulness and importance of prenatal visit combined with the low prevalence of their actual use suggest the need for more parent and physician education around this aspect of the care of infants and parents. PMID- 7310351 TI - Hospital privileges for graduates of family practice residency programs. AB - In 1979 the American Academy of Family Physicians, as the first phase of a long range study of family practice residency outcomes, surveyed graduates for the years 1970 through 1978 who were diplomates of the American Board of Family Practice. This report is limited to an overview analysis of the hospital admission and practice privileges of the 3,021 respondents actively practicing family medicine in the United States. A higher percentage of respondents in census regions west of the Mississippi River were more likely to have privileges in obstetrics and surgery than were respondents in eastern regions. Respondents in nonmetropolitan areas were more likely to have hospital privileges than were respondents in metropolitan areas. PMID- 7310353 TI - Multiple choice questions for continuing education in family medicine. AB - Multiple choice questions used in continuing medical education may require characteristics different from those used in tests and examinations. The questions of three continuing education exercise were assessed by 48 board certified family physicians. Each physician answered one third of the questions and then judged them on usefulness in patient management, as discriminators of quality of medical care, and on educational value. The relevance of each question was determined by a composite index based on these factors. The content of each question was independently analyzed by three physicians. Relevant questions tended to be those concerned with surgery, symptoms, and management, and those requiring more than simple factual recall. Questions on office management or concerning specific diagnoses were considered less relevant. Neither the manner of asking the question nor the severity of the illness appeared to influence relevance. This information should benefit those developing continuing education programs for family physicians, especially those designed for self-administered individual learning. PMID- 7310352 TI - Teaching alcoholism to family medicine students. AB - Alcoholism is a major health problem in the United States, yet it has not received high priority in medical education. Although it affects many patients who attend the offices of family physicians, it frequently remains unrecognized. It is therefore an appropriate topic for a family medicine course and has been integrated into a third year clerkship at the University of Washington. Students are taught basic diagnostic and management skills by sensitizing them to the magnitude of the problem and addressing some professional attitudinal blocks. history taking skills emphasizing early recognition and intervention are stressed, and the role of community resources in treatment is demonstrated through discussion and site visits. PMID- 7310355 TI - Difficulties in disability Assessment. PMID- 7310354 TI - Fitness evaluation and exercise prescription. AB - Proper exercise positively affects most of the risk factors of coronary heart disease and frequently enhances the quality of life. Maximum exercise test evaluation is recommended for adults over 35 years of age prior to initiating an exercise program. Key elements for an adult exercise program include activities for flexibility, muscular tone, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Proper warm-up may improve performance and reduces the potential for injury. Exercise motivation is enhanced by variation. PMID- 7310356 TI - The kinked Cantor tube syndrome. PMID- 7310357 TI - Resident evaluation of current practice management training. PMID- 7310359 TI - Student selection of family practice residencies: a ten-year view. PMID- 7310358 TI - Family practice education and the evolution of disease. PMID- 7310361 TI - Current treatment of status epilepticus. AB - Generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus is a relatively common neurologic emergency. The differential diagnosis of this condition includes decerebrate spasms and hysterical seizures. Initial therapy includes establishing an airway and securing an intravenous line. Blood should be obtained for chemistries and anticonvulsant levels. Administration of anticonvulsants should not be delayed until laboratory results are obtained. Intravenous diazepam will usually stop continuous tonic-clonic seizure activity, but because of a rapid redistribution phase, it necessitates administration of a longer acting anticonvulsant such as phenytoin or phenobarbital. Intravenous phenytoin should be administered slowly at a dose of 15 mg/kg while carefully monitoring vital signs. Intravenous phenobarbital produces sedation and may cause respiratory depression. Occasionally, other anticonvulsants such as paraldehyde, lidocaine, and general anesthesia will be needed to break status epilepticus. Careful follow-up of the patient and monitoring of the anticonvulsant levels may prevent future bouts of status epilepticus. PMID- 7310360 TI - Control of hypertension in a family practice model office. AB - The treatment of hypertension has been shown to decrease morbidity; however, the effectiveness of the primary care physician in lowering blood pressure has not been extensively studied. This study examines the outcome of patients during their first year of follow-up from two family practice model offices. A total of 182 cases of hypertension were diagnosed during the study period; the patients" ages ranged from 12 to 88 years. Over the first year of follow-up, weight, blood pressure, and treatment plan were recorded for each visit. The mean weight did not change during follow-up. The mean diastolic pressure at diagnosis was 104 mmHg and had dropped to 91 mmHg by the end of the year. Fifty-six percent of patients obtained a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or below and maintained this control for the remainder of the study. An additional number of patients (13 percent) maintained at least a 10 mmHg decrease in diastolic pressure, eight patients were lost to follow-up, and the remainder showed no improvement or were lost to follow-up during the year. The outcome for both male and female patients was similar. This study shows that family practice residents can be effective in lowering blood pressure in the majority of patients during the first year of follow-up. PMID- 7310363 TI - The search for truth--a policeman's reflections. PMID- 7310362 TI - Beliefs that foster physician avoidance of psychosocial aspects of health care. AB - Although training in family medicine emphasizes a biopsychosocial approach to patients, many residents experience difficulties in carrying out the appropriate psychosocial part of their diagnosis and treatment. Through teaching family medicine residents in a year-long Balint and Difficult Patient seminar, there has emerged a consistent set of core tacit beliefs which inhibit physicians from thinking psychosocially about their patients. These beliefs appear to be rigidly held but not examined or challenged. This paper presents the major of these beliefs and for each a more realistic therapeutic reply. They are grouped into three categories: (1) beliefs concerning physician's role (eg, I must rule out organic disease; only then can I focus on psychosocial problems), (2) beliefs concerning what the patient supposedly wants or does not want (eg, my patients want me to rule out organic problems), and (3) physicians" fears about approaching patients as people (eg, if the patient has the same problem I do, how can I help if I have not helped myself). By making overt these tacit assumptions, this paper attempts to highlight core barriers to the implementation of biopsychosocial care, increase understanding of effective alternatives, and challenge physicians to examine their hidden beliefs about patient care and their approach to patients. PMID- 7310364 TI - The production and evaluation of an antiserum for the detection of human saliva. PMID- 7310365 TI - The identification of human bloodstains by means of thin-layer immunoassay: a preliminary report. PMID- 7310366 TI - The concentration and analysis of volatile hydrocarbons in fire debris using Tenax-GC. PMID- 7310367 TI - Postmortem activity of alkaline phosphatase in serum from different sites of the cadaver cardiovascular system. PMID- 7310369 TI - An effective material and method for casting vehicle identification numbers. PMID- 7310368 TI - Forensic odontology--assistance in a problem of identity. PMID- 7310370 TI - A case of handwriting on an unusual surface. PMID- 7310372 TI - Photographic negatives as evidence--a case report. PMID- 7310371 TI - A case involving the identification of an adding machine. PMID- 7310373 TI - The use of "Calflex" infrared reflecting mirrors to enhance infrared luminescence. PMID- 7310375 TI - Video system for glass refractive index measurement. PMID- 7310374 TI - Photography of stress marks on fractured surfaces. PMID- 7310376 TI - Ionic mechanisms of two types of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina. II. The responses to annular illumination. AB - On-center bipolar cells in the dark-adapted carp retina were divided into four types (A, B, C, and D) on the basis of response wave forms, spectral response properties, and electrical membrane properties. Type A and B cells responded to a spot of light with a transient depolarization followed by a plateau, whereas the response of type C and D cells were approximately rectangular in shape. The center and surround responses of type A cells had maximum spectral response of approximately 525 nm in the lower mesopic range; the polarity of both responses was reversed at positive membrane potentials as the membrane was depolarized by extrinsic current. The center and surround responses of type D cells had a maximum spectral response of approximately 625 nm in the mesopic or photopic range; the polarity of both responses was reversed at membrane potentials that were more negative than those at the dark level. The results suggest that the center and surround responses mediated by rods are generated by changes in sodium conductance, but in opposite ways; whereas those mediated by red cones are generated by changes in potassium and/or chloride conductances. In type B and C cells, which probably receive inputs from both rods and/or green cones as well as red cones, the center responses were composed of the two ionic mechanisms described above. The surround responses of many type B and C cells were dominated by only one ionic mechanism with a negative reversal potential, but in some type B cells the surround responses were resulted from two ionic mechanisms similar to those of the center responses. PMID- 7310377 TI - phi 6-resistant phage-producing mutants of Pseudomonas phaseolicola. AB - phi 6R mutants of Pseudomonas phaseolicola HB10Y were isolated and 12 out of 129 spontaneous mutants were found to produce phages during cellular growth. Following mitomycin C treatment 39 out of 82 isolated resistant mutants were phage-producing ones. The decrease in growth rate of these mutants corresponded roughly to the number of phages liberated into the medium. Prolonged storage of the mutants resulted in loss of production which could be regained by growing them with a high multiplicity of phages. The phage production phenomenon was independent of phage adsorption since both adsorbing and non-adsorbing phage producing mutants were found. Occasionally, the phage-producing strains showed abnormally high numbers of intracellular phage particles in sectional material. The producers were found to be 2 to 5 times more resistant than the normal host or non-producing phi 6R strains to the lytic enzyme associated with the phi 6 virion, indicating that they had an altered cell wall structure. The lytic enzyme of phi 6, needed both in penetration and progeny release, was less active on the altered cell wall, leading to diminished infection efficiency and deficient plaque formation. PMID- 7310378 TI - A comparison of proteins among various influenza B virus strains by one dimensional peptide mapping. AB - The major virus-specific proteins (HA, NA, NP, NS1 and M) of five different isolates of influenza B virus (B/Lee/40, B/Osaka/2/70, B/Yamagata/1/73, B/Aomori/1/76 and B/Yamagata/26/77) were compared by limited proteolysis with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The peptide patterns of matrix (M) proteins from all five strains were virtually identical. The nucleoproteins (NP) as well as the non structural proteins (NS1) were also very similar among strains although the peptides of B/Lee/40 could be distinguished from those of the strains isolated from 1970 to 1977. In contrast, the peptides from haemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins were largely different even among the strains isolated later than 1970. It therefore appears that the HA glycoproteins of influenza B virus are more changeable than any of the non-glycosylated proteins. Furthermore, it was found that the maps of HA1 were markedly different among strains while the maps of HA2 were very similar, which suggests that the structural changes in the HA polypeptide occur preferentially in the HA1 portion. The neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins also showed strain-dependent differences in their mapping patterns. PMID- 7310379 TI - Growth patterns of temperature-sensitive mutants of Western equine encephalitis virus in cultured Aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells. AB - Several temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) have been isolated previously from persistently infected cultures of mosquito cells and divided into three groups: early passage RNA- mutants, early passage RNA+ mutants and late passage RNA- mutants (Maeda et al., 1979(. The growth patterns of these groups, as well as of several ts mutants isolated after chemical mutagenesis and of wild-type (wt) WEEV, have been compared in BHK cells and in two strains of mosquito cells. The late passage ts mutants grew much better in mosquito cells than either the wt WEEV or the chemically induced mutants. When mosquito cells were co-infected with a late passage mutant (A125) and Wt WEEV, infectious virions of both parental types as well as phenotypically mixed particles were produced. Infection of mosquito cells with WEEV resulted in a slight suppression of host DNA and protein synthesis during the acute stage of the infection (the first 1 or 2 days). Virus growth in a line of cloned mosquito in which WEEV produced a cytopathic infection (c.p.e.) was analysed with the result that the viruses could be divided into two groups: one in which wt WEEV, chemically induced ts mutants and early passage RNA+ mutants all induced maximal c.p.e., and another in which late passage RNA- mutants and one early passage RNA- mutant induced very little c.p.e., but released much more infections virus into the culture fluid. Electron microscopy showed that in these cloned mosquito cells infected with a virus of the first group, large amounts of virus accumulated on or in the plasma membrane. PMID- 7310380 TI - Isolation of plaque variants differing in virulence from the 17D strain of yellow fever virus. AB - Two preparations of yellow fever vaccine (17D) were studied by clonal analysis. From one (17D-England) three types of clones were isolated, each differentiated by plaque size in Vero cells and virulence for intracerebrally inoculated mice: small plaque (SP) and large plaque (LP) clones were lethal, whereas medium plaque (MP) clones failed to kill at doses up to 10(6) p.f.u. Analysis of 24 randomly selected clones showed the original vaccine to be a mixture of predominantly MP and SP variants; 58% and 42% respectively. A single passage in suckling mice modified this composition to 90% SP and 10% LP variants. The response of six inbred strains of mice to intracerebral inoculation of the MP variant varied from complete resistance to complete susceptibility. From another 17D substrain (17D South Africa) two types of variants were isolated (a SP avirulent type and a LP type of intermediate virulence), both different from the previously described variant. PMID- 7310381 TI - Intratypic electrophoretic variation of structural and non-structural polypeptides of human influenza A viruses. AB - Intratypic electrophoretic mobility differences in high resolution SDS polyacrylamide gels were detected between corresponding matrix (M) proteins, nucleoproteins (NP), haemagglutinin (HA) and the non-structural polypeptides NS1 and NS2 induced in Vero cells by human influenza A viruses of the antigenic subtypes H1N1 and H3N2. Such phenotypic differences were distinguishable in both H1N1 and H3N2 viruses isolated in single school and city outbreaks. Additional intratypic variation was detected in the biological property of virus plaquing in MDCK cells. Although the biochemical basis is not established, phenotypic variation could represent an additional factor influencing the epidemiology of influenza A viruses. PMID- 7310383 TI - A study of phosphorylation of the measles membrane protein. AB - A polypeptide (designated X) which migrates with a mobility similar to the membrane protein (M) of measles virus has been found in virus-infected cells. This polypeptide appears to be phosphorylated. However, limited proteolysis has shown that this protein is not a phosphorylated form of the M protein, but appears related to the P protein of measles virus. PMID- 7310382 TI - On the origin of the H1N1 (A/USSR/90/77) influenza virus. AB - The influenza virus H1N1 (the A/USSR/90/77 strain) that reappeared in 1977 after the H1N1 influenza viruses had disappeared from the human population, is compared with the A/FM/1/47 and the A/FW/1/50 influenza viruses by the method of oligonucleotide mapping of individual segments of the viral RNAs. Seven genes of the A/USSR/90/77 virus appear to be very similar to the corresponding genes of the A/FW/1/50 virus, whereas the gene coding for the M protein displays considerable homology to the corresponding gene of the A/FM/1/47 virus. The data demonstrate that the A/USSR/90/77 strain is a recombinant virus. PMID- 7310384 TI - Plaque assay for titration of bovine enteric coronavirus. AB - The plaquing ability of two isolates of bovine enteric coronavirus (BECV) was studied in HRT18 (human rectal adenocarcinoma) cell monolayers. Both isolates were able to induce plaque formation within 2 to 3 days; plaques appeared as round opalescent areas which remained colourless after neutral red or crystal violet staining. A good correlation was found between the titres as determined either by counting the plaques that were visible to the naked eye before and after neutral red staining, or by enumerating fluorescence or haemadsorption foci. PMID- 7310385 TI - A model integrating risk variables involved in the development of the schizophrenia spectrum. AB - A theoretical model of the etiology of schizophrenia, the schizophrenia spectrum, and normal development is proposed. This model is based upon replicated research. A selected review of the literature on the etiology of schizophrenia indicated that schizophrenia may be a developmental disorder of the quality of attachment interacting with the development of the reticulothalamocortical system, beginning in the earliest months of life. A genotype, phenocopy, and stress are specified, based upon replicated research results. We hypothesize that schizophrenia results from a continuing malforming transaction, beginning at birth, between a temperament genotype of a sensitive, easily aroused to high peaks of arousal baby and an environmental stress of an unempathic/insensitive, physically rejecting, noncontingent mother. This results in a classical conditioning paradigm wherein people become an aversive stimulus for an anxiously/avoidant attached infant. This anxious/avoidant response may have permanent biochemical and structural effects. It is also hypothesized that the same genotype interacting with an empathic, sensitive, physically affectionate, contingent mother may also account for artistically or musically creative superphrenics. PMID- 7310386 TI - Attention in schizophrenia. Signal detection in the visual periphery. AB - Earlier evidence has suggested a differential deficit in visual preattentive processes in schizophrenia. An understanding of the level of information processing at which such deficits might occur and links to a possible structural basis for such deficits were sought in an investigation of signal detection in the visual periphery. Acute and chronic schizophrenics alternatively classified as paranoid or nonparanoid and normals were tested in a task requiring simultaneous discrimination of foveal targets as well as detection of peripheral targets at either of two display angles where the use of scanning eye or head movements was experimentally controlled. An analysis of peripheral sensitivity indicated that chronic and particularly nonparanoid subjects were less able to detect peripheral targets than acute or paranoid schizophrenics and normals. An analysis of criterion indicated that paranoid subjects tended to be more conservative in the most difficult detection condition. Corresponding analyses of trial validity and response latency yielded no results indicative of systematic differences in motivation. Differences in sensitivity were therefore attributed to a deficit in early preattentive processes. The performance of nonparanoids also raised the question of differences in midbrain activity associated with the processing of ambient visual information. PMID- 7310387 TI - Major depressive disorder. Initial results from a one-year prospective naturalistic follow-up study. AB - The authors present a 1-year prospective, naturalistic, longitudinal follow-up of 101 patients with the Research Diagnostic Criteria diagnosis of definite major depressive disorder. Seventy-four per cent of patients recover by 1 year. Of those who do recover, 36 per cent have subsequent Research Diagnostic Criteria affective episodes within the year. Episodes are of long duration for both the recovered and nonrecovered patients, being 30 weeks and at least 99 weeks, respectively. Certain commonly accepted ideas about the effects of age, sex, and marital status on the course and outcome of depression are not confirmed. It is demonstrated that factors which predict recovery and relapse must be differentiated. Duration of illness predict recovery but not future relapse, whereas number of previous episodes does not predict recovery but does predict future relapse. PMID- 7310388 TI - Psychosis and depression arising in the midlife period. A comparison. AB - Two groups of hospitalized psychotic patients were compared to a hospitalized nonpsychotic group composed mainly of major unipolar depressives. In the main, demographic and historical dimensions did not differ. Interpersonal and social role development favored the nonpsychotic group, but only employment history and maternal function reached significance. All groups were judged to be under substantial stress in association with the index hospitalization. Loss of a supportive relationship was the most frequent stress category for all groups but was relatively more frequent in the nonpsychotic (depressive) group. Medical stress was significantly higher in the psychotic groups. PMID- 7310389 TI - Addition of time-limited psychotherapy to medical treatment in a general medical clinic. Results at one-year follow-up. AB - This study compares 72 patients screened for significant emotional problems and treated only by internists of a general medical clinic with 62 patients also treated by internists but completing in addition 10 weekly psychotherapeutic visits. Forty-one patients did not keep their initial appointments and 69 patients dropped out of treatment but are not considered in this report. These patients, from inner-city Baltimore, were socially and economically a highly disadvantaged group. At intake, the 62 patients who completed psychotherapy and the 72 patients treated only by internists were equal demographically and in diagnosed physical illnesses. The two groups were approximately equal in the extent of emotional disturbance. All patients were followed up at 4 months and 1 year after intake. Methods of evaluation included a 7-point self-report of global improvement, the 58-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist, the primary target complaint, scaled clinical estimates of psychosocial adjustment, and scaled data from systematic review of medical charts. Significantly more patients undergoing the psychotherapy remained improved at 1-year follow-up, independent of age, sex, degree of disability, diagnosed medical illnesses, level of emotional disturbance, and employment status. While there was evidence of a common denominator to therapeutic results in both groups, the data strongly suggests specific effects of psychotherapy. PMID- 7310390 TI - The relationship between learning disability, neurological impairment, and delinquency. Results of a follow-up study. AB - In a follow-up study of 203 adolescents and young adults who between the age of 8 and 12 had been referred to a neuropsychology clinic because of learning problems and of 52 control subjects, encounters with the police, offenses, and penalties were explored through a structured interview with the former clients and with their parents. Subgrouping of learning-disabled (LD) subjects into brain damage, suggested brain damage, and no evidence of brain damage in a neurological examination showed that no association between brain damage and delinquency can be demonstrated. The presence of learning disability (LD) generally did not confirm an increased likelihood of encounters with the police or a greater number of offenses although the LD group without neurological handicap did receive a slightly higher number of somewhat more severe penalties than then neurologically handicapped groups or the control group. The results of the study are at variance with the results of retrospective studies demonstrating a close association between LD and delinquency and with the association between LD and neurological disorder frequently assumed on the basis of psychological test indicators of neurological dysfunction. These discrepancies with previous studies are discussed in relation to the prospective/retrospective research design and to test vs. clinical indicators of neurological impairment. PMID- 7310391 TI - The development of the dog nigrostriatal system in organotypic culture. AB - Portions of the midbrain and the caudate nucleus from newborn dog (1-3 days old) were maintained in explant culture for periods up to 15 weeks. During that time, nerve cells developing in the midbrain explants projected axons into the explants of caudate. Fluorescence microscopic observations indicated that a large number of projective fibers contained catecholamines with many fluorescing terminals visible in caudate explants. Ultrastructural study disclosed synapses in both midbrain and caudate explants. Some axonal profiles in the caudate were compatible with the appearance of catecholaminergic synapses. Neurochemical analysis showed that the nigrostriatal cultures were capable of dopamine uptake and release. PMID- 7310392 TI - Predictors for improvement after electroconvulsive therapy in parkinsonian patients with on-off symptoms. AB - The antiparkinsonian effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was investigated in nine parkinsonian patients with "on-off" phenomena. The patients were maintained on previously adjusted doses of antiparkinsonian drugs during and after ECT. Parkinsonian as well as mental symptoms were rated before and after treatment. Basal serum levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) as well as apomorphine induced changes (0.24 mg i.v.) in these levels were investigated three days before start of treatment. Marked improvement of parkinsonian symptoms was seen in five patients. Two further patients showed slight improvements. The improvement persisted for 2-41 weeks. Improvement after ECT was found to correlate with age at the time of treatment and with duration of L-dopa therapy as well as the estimated life-dose of L-dopa. No correlation was found between depression before treatment, basal serum levels of GH and PRL or apomorphine induced changes in these hormone levels. The investigation indicates that ECT is a valuable adjuvant in the treatment of a selected group of parkinsonian patients with "on-off" phenomena. Furthermore, the results support our earlier proposal that ECT increases the responsiveness in postsynaptic dopamine sensitive structures. PMID- 7310393 TI - Arginine vasotocin, an endogenous neuropeptide of Aplysia, suppresses the gill withdrawal reflex and reduces the evoked synaptic input to central gill motor neurons. AB - The superfusion (15 min) of arginine vasotocin (AVT; 10(-9)--10(-12) M) over the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica suppressed the amplitude of the gill withdrawal reflex evoked by tactile stimulation of the siphon, increased the rate of gill reflex habituation, and decreased the evoked synaptic activity to central gill motor neurons. The suppressive effects of AVT on gill reflex behaviors were not due to toxic effects of the hormone since the effects were completely reversible following washout and 3 h rest. The results obtained with AVT were similar to those previously found using the mammalian neuropeptide arginine vasopressin. AVT may act by increasing the activity of central neurons which exert suppressive control over both gill reflex behaviors and evoked activity to central gill motor neurons. PMID- 7310394 TI - Increased effectiveness of a motorneuron after partial denervation of its target muscle in the cricket Telegryllus oceanicus. AB - Fibers of the metathoracic extensor tibia muscle of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus are innervated by a slow excitatory axon (slow fibers), a fast excitatory axon (fast fibers), or by both slow and fast axons (dual fibers). Sectioning metathoracic nerve 5 removes the fast axon input to the muscle but not that of the slow axon. Following such partial denervation, the mechanical responses initiated by the slow axon increase progressively for at least 30 days; twitch tensions reach 5-10 times those of control muscles and tetanic tensions 10 30 times control values. After sectioning nerve 5, resting membrane potentials decrease in those fibers which originally received fast axon input and the input resistance of all fiber types increases, including that of slow fibers which are not innervated through nerve 5. Excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) initiated by the slow axon become larger following partial denervation, accounting in part for the larger contraction amplitudes. The increased input resistance is adequate to account for the larger EJPs in slow fibers but not for the proportionally greater increase in EJP amplitude in fibers which were formerly dually innervated. The change in EJP amplitude is abrupt in slow fibers and gradual in formerly dual fibers. PMID- 7310395 TI - Dynamic analysis of cockroach giant interneuron activity evoked by forced displacement of cercal thread-hair sensilla. AB - This investigation involved extracellular recordings of cockroach abdominal giant interneuron (GI) action potentials evoked by cercal "threadlike" hair sensilla (THS) stimulation with a galvanometric device, by controlled displacements of about seven THS. Small and large GIs, distinguished by their amplitudes, were studied simultaneously. Only the small GIs were spontaneously active. Responses to sine, pulse, and ramp stimulation of sensilla produced phasic responses in both GI types. Some GIs were directionally sensitive and had shorter response latencies in the direction of best sensitivity while others were omnidirectional. Contralateral stimulation decreased responses to homolateral stimuli. In experiments using paired pulses (less than 50-ms intervals) there is a period of hyperexcitability, in large GIs, in which the response to the second stimulus is greater. Repeated stimulation caused an exponential decline in the response which was steeper in GIs at higher stimulating frequencies and had a faster time course in large GIs. Because of this last property GIs function as low-pass filters limiting the flow of information, with large GIs having a lower frequency "cutoff" than smaller GIs. PMID- 7310396 TI - Serotonergic inhibition of afterdischarge in peptidergic bag cells. PMID- 7310397 TI - Studies on the localization of newly added membrane in growing neurites. AB - Explant culture of the adult goldfish retina results in vigorous neuritic growth, provided that the optic nerve has been previously crushed in vivo. The site of new membrane addition in these growing neurites was studied with a a membrane binding lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) in conjunction with a fluorescent indirect antibody method. Explant cultures were labeled with Con A followed by rabbit antibodies to Con A. This treatment was shown to immobilize Con A receptors while permitting growth. Twenty-four hours later, the washed preparation was treated with fluorescent goat antirabbit antibodies. The bound fluorescent antibodies appeared as a pattern of contiguous fluorescent speckles confined to the area of old growth while regions near the distal end of the neurite were not fluorescent. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that new membrane is added in the region of the growing tip of the neurite. PMID- 7310398 TI - The molluscan cardioactive neuropeptide FMRFamide: subcellular localization in bivalve ganglia. AB - Ganglia of the mollusk Macrocallista nimbosa were pooled, homogenized, and subjected to differential centrifugation. The neuropeptide Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) was concentrated in the microsomal pellet. When the medium-speed supernatant was centrifuged in a discontinuous sucrose gradient, three separate peaks of activity were detected and identified as acetylcholine, 5 hydroxytryptamine, and FMRFamide. The relative concentration of FMRFamide in each fraction was determined by bioassay and by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Both determinations revealed a peak of peptide in the middle of the sucrose gradient. Electron micrographs of each of the gradient interfaces were analyzed. The interface containing the peak of biological FMRFamide activity was enriched in two- to fivefold in neurosecretory granules with a mean diameter of 104 nm and various electron densities. Morphologically similar vesicles were also seen in intact ganglia. These findings support the notion that FMRFamide is a neurosecretory product. But the physiological function of the peptide in bivalve ganglia remains unknown. PMID- 7310399 TI - Serotonin has both excitatory and inhibitory modulatory effects on feeding muscles in Aplysia. AB - Serotonin (10(-8) M) produced opposite long-lasting (up to 10 min) effects on acetylcholine-elicited contractions of different buccal mass muscles of Aplysia. Contractions of the dorsal extrinsic muscle and accessory radula closer muscle were enhanced by serotonin; whereas contractions of the ventral extrinsic muscle were inhibited by serotonin. The effect of higher concentrations of serotonin on dorsal and ventral extrinsic muscles was in the same direction as at 10(-8) M but was greater in both magnitude and duration. The phase of feeding-protraction or retraction--during which a muscle is active--is not correlated with the direction of modulation produced by serotonin. PMID- 7310400 TI - Molecular interpretation of kinetic-ionic strength effects. AB - A recent and important approach to investigating electron transfer mechanisms of redox proteins has been through kinetic-ionic strength studies. There is, however, significant controversy as to whether such studies (1) yield information regarding the charge (or location) of the electron transfer site or (2) more simply reflect the influence of net or overall protein charge on the electrostatic interactions. A critical analysis using different theoretical approaches is made of our recent work and of the bulk of the published non physiological small molecule-protein and protein-protein kinetic ionic strength studies; it is concluded that (1) the approximated Bronsted-Debye-Huckel equation can not be used at all for protein redox reactions, (2) irrespective of the theoretical approaches discussed, such studies do not provide information regarding the charge of the electron transfer site, (3) it is the net charge of the reactants that control the electrostatic interactions, (4) both the equation derived by Wherland and Gray and the full Bronsted-Debye-Huckel equation provide reasonably good approximations of net protein charge, (5) pH changes quantitatively modulate net protein charge, and (6) thus, protein redox rates need to be electrostatically corrected if relevant interpretations of kinetic ionic strength experiments are to be made. PMID- 7310401 TI - Enhanced bismuth digestive absorption in rats by some sulfhydryl compounds: nmr study of complexes formed. AB - In a preliminary paper [Therapie 34, 397 (1979), we showed that cysteine enhances bismuth digestive absorption in rats. In this paper, we have studied in rats the effects of various thiol compounds (mercaptopropionic acid, penicillamine, cysteine, homocysteine, 2-mercaptoethylamine, mercaptoethane) and nonthiol compounds (methionine, serine, alanine) orally administered on the absorption and elimination of bismuth also given orally. Bismuth was measured in blood and urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All of the thiol substances, and particularly cysteine, homocysteine, and mercaptopropionic acid, have considerably enhanced bismuth absorption and elimination; whereas, nonthiol substances have had no effect. Moreover, the acute toxicity of bismuth was enhanced when bismuth was given as a complex with cysteine (LD50 = 156 +/- 20 mg/kg). Studies by nmr spectroscopy of interactions between bismuth and these organic compounds have shown that bismuth induces an important chemical shift of the protons of the alpha carbon of the sulfhydrile group. Mainly, studies of C and N have confirmed this fact. The selectivity of such a complexation, in our pH conditions, may be tentatively explained on the ground of hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory. We have suggested that an increase in the concentration of thiol compounds in the gastrointestinal tract arising from food, or more probably from microorganism synthesis, could be an explanation for human encephalopathies. PMID- 7310402 TI - Alterations in ribonucleic acid synthesis by chromium (III). AB - The effect of Cr(III) on in vitro RNA synthesis directed by DNA and chromatin isolated from mouse liver was investigated in comparison with other inorganic metals. At 1 mM, CrCl3 significantly stimulated RNA synthesis when incubated with DNA or chromatin prior to the addition of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, while other metals inhibited it. This stimulation by Cr(III) was caused even at 1 muM CrCl3 on either DNA- or chromatin- directed RNA synthesis. The Cr(III)-complexes of DNA and chromatin also showed significantly enhanced template activities. On the other hand, when RNA polymerase was preincubated with Cr(III), a remarkable inhibition was observed in RNA synthesis directed by both DNA and chromatin. In isolated mouse liver nuclei with endogenous RNA polymerases, Cr(III) stimulated Mg2+-activated RNA synthesis but not Mn2r-(NH4)2SO4-activated synthesis. These results suggest that Cr(III) may alter or regulate gene expressions in mammals. PMID- 7310403 TI - A comparison of the binding of imidazole to valence hybrid and methemoglobin: an assignment of individual heme reactivity. AB - The ferric hemes of valence hybrid hemoglobins combine with imidazole in a manner analogous with the hemes of methemoglobin. Equilibrium studies show that imidazole binding to methemoglobin is minimally described by the sum of two independent processes (k1 = 200 M-1 an K2 = 37 M-1), both of which contribute equally to the observed difference spectrum. Using valance hybrid hemoglobins, which show single binding processes under similar conditions, it is possible to identify the high affinity sites in methemoglobin with the alpha chains and the low affinity sites with the beta chains. Kinetic studies show that the valance hybrid hemoglobins react in a single exponential fashion with imidazole in contrast with methemoglobin which shows a biphasic reaction (k1 = 85 M-1 sec-1 k2 = 25 M-1 sec-1). A comparison of the rates of reaction of the hybrids allows the assignment of the fast phase in methemoglobin to the beta chains and the slow phase to the alpha chains. The heterogeneity of the imidazole reaction with methemoglobin occurs over the pH range 5.5-9.5 within which two ionization processes are discernable at pH 6.9 an 7.5. PMID- 7310404 TI - The effect of glucose tolerance factor in glucose uptake by yeast cells. PMID- 7310405 TI - Hereditary "pure" spastic paraplegia: a clinical and genetic study of 22 families. AB - In 22 families with the "pure" form of hereditary spastic paraplegia inheritance was autosomal dominant in 19 and autosomal recessive in three. Examination of intrafamilial correlation of age of onset in the dominant cases suggested that the disorder is genetically heterogeneous. Two forms of dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia were identified: one with an age of onset mostly below 35 years (type I), and the other onset usually over 35 years (type II). In the type I cases, delay in walking was not infrequent and spasticity of the lower limbs was more marked than weakness. The disorder was very slowly progressive and was extremely variable in terms of severity. Sixteen per cent of the patients aged over 20 years were asymptomatic but clinically affected. In the type II group muscle weakness, urinary symptoms and sensory loss were more marked. This form of the disease evolved more rapidly. In the three families demonstrating autosomal recessive inheritance the clinical features were very similar to those of the dominant cases. Biological fitness of patients from both the dominant groups was not impaired and no definite evidence of new mutation was observed. A cumulative frequency curve of age of onset in the type I group was constructed with suggested that an asymptomatic child of an affected parent has a 20% chance of developing the disease at the age of 25 years; the risk is probably even less if the child is clinically normal. PMID- 7310406 TI - Stimulus-sensitive spinal myoclonus. AB - Two cases of spinal myoclonus are described; in both patients myoclonus was responsive to stimuli and absent during sleep. The first patient was considered to have viral neuronitis and the condition resolved spontaneously. The second patient had spinal cord ischaemia; there was electro-physiological evidence of abnormal alpha motor neurone activity and histological study of the spinal cord revealed a severe reduction in small and intermediate neurones. This supports the theory that spinal myoclonus may result from abnormal activity of alpha motor neurones released from control by spinal internuncial neurones. PMID- 7310407 TI - Memory and information processing capacity after closed head injury. AB - The relation between duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), performance on memory tests, and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) was examined in two samples of young adult closed head injury patients. Three different effects were isolated: (1) an attention and concentration factor, related to PASAT scores, (2) a deficit in the ability to place material into long-term memory storage, related to PTA durations, and (3) an impairment in the ability to retrieve material once it has been stored, which was not predicted by either PTA or PASAT. PMID- 7310409 TI - Rectal diazepam in the treatment of absence status: a pharmacodynamic study. AB - Rectal administration of diazepam is highly effective in terminating absence status as judged by reduction of spike-wave activity in the EEG. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that diazepam can have antiepileptic properties at serum levels well below those previously reported as being necessary to achieve a therapeutic effect. PMID- 7310408 TI - Circulating immune complexes in myasthenia gravis: a study in relation to thymectomy, clinical severity and thymus histology. AB - Circulating immune complexes were assayed employing the method recently described by Barnett and Chia in a group of patients with myasthenia gravis. The subjects were classified according to clinical severity and immune complexes were sought before and after thymectomy. The operated subjects were further divided into those with thymoma or thymic hyperplasia. Antigen-antibody complexes were higher before thymectomy than after, in hyperplasias than in thymomas, and in severe myasthenia gravis than in mild disease. Circulating immune complexes and anti acetylcholine receptor antibodies did not correlate. PMID- 7310410 TI - Brain damage after cardiopulmonary by-pass: correlations between neurophysiological and neuropathological findings. AB - Ischaemic lesions along cerebral arterial boundary zones were present in nine patients dying after cardiopulmonary by-pass. Their intra-operative cerebral function monitor recordings had shown at least 7 min major depression, its severity correlating with degrees of neurological deficit after operation and EEG abnormality and extent of infarction. In contrast eleven patients with normal or minimally abnormal cerebral function monitor recordings had macroscopically normal brains. PMID- 7310413 TI - Depth sense aesthesiometry: an advance in the clinical assessment of sensation in the hands. AB - Fingertip depth sense threshold has been examined in fifty normal subjects using the simple pocket aesthesiometer invented by Renfrew. Index fingers possessed the lowest thresholds and little fingers the highest, whilst there were no significant differences between the same fingers of either hand. Sex and age (at least up to 70 years) had no significant influence on depth sense threshold, but thickened skin and low intelligence tended to raise thresholds. Fingertip depth sense thresholds were then compared with the results of conventional sensory testing in fifty patients with sensory symptoms in the hands. The depth sense threshold of affected fingers was more often abnormal than were the results of clinical tests for light touch appreciation, joint position sense and two-point discrimination. Depth sense aesthesiometry is recommended as a simple, sensitive and quantifiable routine technique for the evaluation of sensory disturbance in the hands. PMID- 7310412 TI - Proprioceptive modulation of somatosensory evoked potentials during active or passive finger movements in man. AB - The effects of active and passive finger movements on somatosensory potentials evoked by stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist or of finger I were investigated in 15 healthy volunteers. As compared to the resting condition, both active and passive movements of the stimulated hand fingers induced a marked reduction in the amplitude of the primary cerebral response (N20-P25 complex) as well as of the N17 SEP component, which is supposed to reflect the activity of the thalamo-cortical radiation. The following cerebral SEP components, within 100 ms after the stimulus, were also depressed during motor activity. Neither N11 nor N13 components of the cervical response, reflecting the activation of dorsal columns and dorsal column nuclei respectively, were modified. The SEP changes induced by active or passive movements were absent after ischaemic block of large group I afferent fibers from the hand, thus suggesting the relevance of the feedback generated by such peripheral afferents during movement. The results indicate that the activation of peripheral receptors (probably muscle spindle endings) during both active and passive finger movement would induce a gating effect at both cortical and subcortical (thalamic) level, which might modulate selectively the different sensory inputs to the cortex. PMID- 7310411 TI - Point localisation in patients with unilateral brain damage. AB - The ability to reproduce the position of points in a plane was examined by a copying test in a control group and in unilaterally brain damaged patients. The procedure was designed to minimise the influence of visual field defects and of spatial hemi-inattention on performance. Accuracy of of localisation and direction of errors were studied in each half of the plane. Analysis showed a greater impairment of localisation ability in the patients with right hemisphere disease; however, the performance of both hemispheric groups was characterised by a reduction of accuracy in half of the plane contralateral to the side of the lesion. Both hemispheric groups showed an abnormal direction of errors in the left half of the plane, but the two groups presented a different pattern of errors. PMID- 7310414 TI - Withdrawal akinesia. PMID- 7310415 TI - The pathogenesis of pneumatic tourniquet paralysis in man. AB - The relative importance of ischaemic and direct mechanical injury to nerves compressed by a tourniquet, in the pathogenesis of tourniquet paralysis in man has not been established. To investigate this question, conduction in ulnar or median nerve fibres has been measured in healthy subjects both at the level of the pneumatic tourniquet and distal to the tourniquet. Measurement was prior to, for the period of tourniquet inflation, and following release of the tourniquet. The earliest conduction delays and block were observed at the level of the tourniquet, particularly across the proximal tourniquet border zone. However, a proximal to distal progression in conduction abnormalities distal to the tourniquet suggested that the earlier conduction abnormalities at the level of the tourniquet were primarily ischaemic in origin. Mechanical compression, however, probably contributed to disproportionate conduction delays and blocks across the border zones of the tourniquet. PMID- 7310416 TI - Tri-cresyl phosphate neuropathy in Sri Lanka: a clinical and neurophysiological study with a three year follow up. AB - Clinical and neurophysiological findings in twenty patients intoxicated with tri cresyl phosphate following consumption of contaminated gingili oil are reported. Marked distal axonopathy, high incidence of pyramidal tract dysfunction and minimal sensory abnormalities were the cardinal features. Despite pronounced motor weakness in the early stages, the patients showed remarkable improvement during a three year follow up. PMID- 7310417 TI - Adrenoleucodystrophy: neurophysiological aspects. AB - Neurophysiological investigations (EEG, ERG, VEP) were carried out in 14 boys with adrenoleucodystrophy, and in two siblings with adrenocortical deficiency, but without neurological symptoms. Irregular large amplitude (200-800 microvolts) slow activity was found in the EEG of all adrenoleucodystrophy patients, usually more prominent over the posterior regions of the brain. No short duration spikes or complex wave were seen in any of the EEGs, even in those patients who had had seizures. Clinical deterioration was not always accompanied by an increase in EEG abnormalities. The ERG was of usual amplitude and wave form, while the VEP (flash) was altered in four cases. The two clinically unaffected siblings had normal ERG/VEP, and only a modest excess of slow waves in the EEG. The neurophysiological findings in adrenoleucodystrophy are not seen in other diseases with similar clinical symptoms in the same age group. PMID- 7310418 TI - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity and headache. AB - Mean platelet monoamine oxidase activity was reduced compared with control values in groups of headache-free male (but not female) patients suffering from classical migraine and from tension headache. Mean activity in male cluster patients, headache free, both during acute and quiescent phases of their illness, was also notably reduced. Retesting some migraine subjects after up to four years, showed that low activity may be a persistent feature: the correlation coefficient for repeated assays was 0.91 (p less than 0.01). There was no relationship between platelet monoamine oxidase activity and history of dietary migraine. A subgroup of headache patients with permanently low monoamine oxidase activity values may have been defined. PMID- 7310419 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations in patients with viral and tuberculous meningitis. AB - Serial measurements have been made of the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma amino acid concentrations in 11 patients with viral meningitis and in four with tuberculous meningitis. A small increase in the concentrations of a few amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid has been found in a viral meningitis in contrast to a marked increase in most amino acids in tuberculous meningitis. The findings are compared with those found in patients with purulent meningitis and the possible causes and the diagnostic significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7310420 TI - Evoked potentials in severe head injury--analysis and relation to outcome. AB - Somatosensory, visual and auditory cortical and brainstem evoked responses were obtained from 32 patients with severe head injury. A simple count of the number of waves present in the various responses provided the optimum method of analysing the data. The results of each cortical response, but not of the brainstem response, correlated with outcome, and a combined assessment gave the highest correlation. The data provided only slight improvement on predictions based upon clinical features. PMID- 7310421 TI - The role of two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of potentially embolic intracardiac masses in patients with cerebral ischaemia. AB - The M-mode and two dimensional echocardiographic data of 62 consecutive cardiac patients referred from neurology centres were analysed retrospectively to establish the use of these techniques in detecting underlying cardiac pathology. All patients had presented initially to a neurologist with transient or permanent focal cerebral or retinal ischaemia, and had been referred for cardiac assessment after neurological investigations failed to establish the underlying cause of the neurological event. Patients were divided into two groups. In 30 patients the referring neurologist had found no evidence of cardiac disease (Group I); in the other 32 patients either heart disease or an arrhythmia had been diagnosed prior to cardiac referral (Group II). One of the patients in Group I had echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse not detected by the neurologist prior to referral; no cardiac pathology was recognised in the other 29 patients in this group. In seven of the 32 (22%) patients from Group II, a cardiac mass presumed responsible for the neurological manifestations was demonstrated echocardiographically, and in six of these histological confirmation was obtained following surgery or at necropsy. Two dimensional echocardiography was the only investigation which visualised the intracardiac pathology in four patients. In the remaining three patients, valve vegetations (two cases) and an atrial tumour (one case) were demonstrated by both echocardiographic methods. In patients with either clinical evidence of cardiac disease or an arrhythmia who have experienced one or more episodes of cerebral or retinal ischaemia, the presence of an intracardiac mass is not uncommon. Two dimensional echocardiography was the method of choice for detecting cardiac thrombus but the use of both methods of ultrasound should be considered as complementary techniques in the investigation of these cases. Routine echocardiography is unlikely to be of value in screening patients who have had a cerebrovascular event and who do not have clinical evidence of heart disease or an arrhythmia. PMID- 7310423 TI - Physiological observations in Sydenham's chorea. AB - Involuntary movements in a patient with Sydenham's chorea were usually characterised by bursts of EMG activity lasting more than 100 ms, occurring asynchronously in antagonist muscles. The "hung-up" knee jerk was a choreic movement induced by the tendon tap. Exaggerated voluntary movements were produced with EMG burst longer than normal. PMID- 7310422 TI - Cerebellar astrocytomas in children and young adults. AB - A clinical and pathological review of 43 cases of cerebellar astrocytomas in children and young adults was undertaken. Thirty-one of the 36 surviving patients were examined by computed tomography. Twelve patients with asymptomatic tumour were detected. Histology was necessary to identify the higher risk "diffuse" group, but no histological features helped to identify tumours liable to recur. Improvements in the prognosis may occur with long term CT scanning. PMID- 7310424 TI - Cerebral compression by myeloma. AB - A patient presented with right hemiparesis, dysphasia and a large, palpable, left frontoparietal mass arising from the calvarial diploe. A diagnosis of multiple myeloma was made on radiological and biochemical grounds, together with bone marrow examination. Few cases of cerebral compression by a massive plasmacytoma have been reported, but in some surgical management produced clinical deterioration. The present case was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with satisfactory results. PMID- 7310426 TI - Dyspnoea during generalised spasms in tetraplegic patients. AB - Dyspnoea during generalised spasms is reported in three tetraplegic patients. Intraoesophageal electromyographic evidence strongly suggests that the dyspnoea is a result of diaphragmatic spasms. Utilisation of this EMG technique in other tetraplegic patients may add to our knowledge of variations in the distribution of the phrenic nerve nucleus within the spinal cord. PMID- 7310427 TI - Asymmetry of the aura and pain in migraine. AB - Patients with classical migraine whose auras included paraesthesiae or numbness in the hands have been reviewed. In 55 of 111 patients the symptoms were on the same side of the body as the headache and in only 20 on the opposite side to the headache. In the remaining 36 patients one or other was incompletely lateralised. Five right handed patients described dysphasia at the same time as paraesthesiae in the their non-dominant hand. These findings are incompatible with the notion that the headache is due to reactive hyperaemia following localised cerebral ischaemia, and it is suggested that the ischaemic and hyperaemic processes are both the result of some more generalised vasomotor disturbance. PMID- 7310425 TI - Electromyographic investigation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in tetraplegics. AB - Local electromyographic activity has been demonstrated in the intercostal muscles of tetraplegic patients by using a combination of surface, fine-wire and intra oesophageal diaphragmatic electrodes. This activity is first present and most evident in the lower chest, the point of maximum deformation in the tetraplegic's thorax. In patients with long standing injury the activity is present and prominent in the more superior intercostal muscles. We believe this activity to be reflex in character and that it develops and facilitates over time, so improving the ventilatory capacity of tetraplegics. PMID- 7310429 TI - Speech disorder in Parkinsonism; use of delayed auditory feedback in selected cases. PMID- 7310428 TI - HLA antigens in multiple sclerosis amongst Indians. AB - The infrequency of multiple sclerosis in India may have genetic implications. We found (a) the HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 haplotypes amongst Indians to be lower than those reported in Caucasians, (b) no excess of HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 amongst our 27 multiple sclerosis patients compared to 330 controls; instead it was the reverse, (c) HLA-B12 as high as 74% in the "clinically definite" cases, against only 9% in controls, (d) a significant relative risk of MS amongst Indians with HLA-B12 haplotype. Attention is drawn to th higher incidence of MS amongst the small Parsee community and the high association of HLA-B12 in these patients. PMID- 7310430 TI - Myotonic dystrophy and thymoma. PMID- 7310431 TI - Cortical organization of voluntary motor activity as revealed by measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in conjunction with carotid angiography using the intra-arterial xenon-133 injection method. Measurements were made in 9 patients in the left hemisphere and in 6 patients in the right hemisphere. It was confirmed that there was no significant differences in the blood flow, in either the right or the left hemisphere, between measurements taken while patients carried out various types of voluntary activity and preceding measurements of total mean hemisphere blood flow taken during rest. However, the pattern of flow distribution changed significantly during various types of voluntary motor activity, In general, the contralateral Rolandic motor and sensory areas were activated during execution of voluntary movements. The supplementary motor area appears to play a major role in the integration of information from various cortical regions; such integration is, of course, necessary in the preparation of the ultimate motor action. PMID- 7310432 TI - Hexachlorophene retinopathy in suckling rats. A light- and electron-microscopic study of short-term and long-term effect of hexachlorophene intoxication on the retina of young rats. AB - Hexachlorophene (HCP) in very large doses has a toxic effect on the retina of adult rats. The present study examined the sensitivity of the developing retina to smaller doses and its ability to recover from neurotoxic damage. Suckling rats were intoxicated with HCP added to the mothers' diet. The retinae of the pups were examined by light and electron microscopy for early and late effects. All dose levels above 100 ppm caused vacuolar degeneration of the outer segments of photoreceptor cells within 14 days of intoxication, followed by degeneration of the inner segments after 28 days. The cell bodies of photoreceptor cells and all other retinal layers remained normal. Suckling intoxicated with HCP (100 - 500 ppm) added to the mothers' diet for 28 days and then withdrawn, showed no recovery of the outer or inner segments o photoreceptors when examined up to 150 days later. In addition, extensive degeneration and loss of photoreceptor cell occurred after withdrawal of HCP and the degenerative process extended to involve the inner nuclear layer. The rate of appearance of pathological changes was proportional to the total amount of ingested HCP. This study showed that photoreceptor cells in newborn rats are highly sensitive to HCP. The retinal lesions were irreversibly an continued to progress by continued trans-synaptic degeneration after withdrawal of the toxic agents. PMID- 7310433 TI - Criteria for the diagnosis of the Guillain-Barre syndrome. A critique of the NINCDS guidelines. AB - The publication of "official" criteria for the diagnosis of the Guillain-Barre syndrome designed for the purpose of aiding epidemiological studies, has resulted in excluding from consideration a number of fragmentary and atypical cases. Because it is a syndrome and not a disease entity, the limits are arbitrary. Several of the criteria are confusing and contradictory; they ignore a vast amount of literature which clearly documents the variability of the signs and symptoms. PMID- 7310435 TI - A typical presenile dementia. Report of an anatomo-clinical case and review of the literature. AB - A clinico-pathological report is given of a case of dementia of frontal type with EEG changes, associated with a diffuse neuronal loss, subcortical gliosis and laminar spongiosis in the superficial part of the 2nd cortical layer. The authors discuss the cortical biopsy and the post-mortem findings in their case. They draw a comparison between their case an two conditions known as "progressive sub cortical gliosis" and "Kraepelin's disease" which might be a single entity "atypical presenile dementia". PMID- 7310434 TI - Conduction velocity and conduction block after experimental ischaemic nerve injury. AB - The effect of ischaemic nerve injury on conduction in the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve has been studied in rabbits. Ischaemic nerve damage wa produced in 40 animals by ligation of the common and external or the internal and external iliac arteries. Conduction in the motor fibres to the small foot muscles was examined at internals after operation, with nerve stimulation in the thigh and at the ankle. Ascending nerve action potentials in the tibial nerve were also studied. In 8 animals there was evidence o widespread degeneration of myelinated fibres; muscle action potentials could not be activated by nerve stimulation nerve action potentials were absent. In contrast there were 14 animals in which arterial ligation appeared to produce little, if any, nerve degeneration; in this group there was no significant change in motor or afferent velocity. The remaining 18 animals showed changes of intermediate severity. While nerve degeneration was extensive, it was never complete, and in 9 nerves examined 5 - 11 days after surgery, conduction block between the thigh and ankle could be demonstrated in surviving fibres. In the other 9 nerves there was no block in surviving fibres but maximal motor velocity was significantly reduced. In no case did the conduction block affect more than a minority of the motor fibres, the remainder undergoing complete degeneration. This was in keeping with the histological appearances which showed a relatively small amount of paranodal and segmental demyelination compared with the amount of Wallerian degeneration. PMID- 7310436 TI - Glycogen accumulation in tibial nerves of experimentally diabetic and aging control rats. AB - Tibial nerves of streptozotocin-diabetic, alloxan-diabetic, and age-matched control rats were examined at 2 weeks and 2, 4, 8, and 12 months following the induction of diabetes. Glycogen-like granules accumulated within perineurial and Schwann cells of only the diabetic animals. This accumulation may reflect a metabolic abnormality in these cells which could account for the reduced conduction velocities seen in the peripheral nerves of these same diabetic rats (Moore et al. 1980a). Glycogen-like granules were also present and increased with age in myelinated axons of both diabetic and control rats. Quantitative data suggest that axonal accumulation of glycogen-like granules is related to aging or injury related phenomena to which diabetic axons may be more susceptible. PMID- 7310437 TI - Scapuloperoneal syndrome. Report on two families with neurogenic muscular atrophy. AB - Scapuloperoneal syndrome is a more or less clinically distinct neurologic entity with predominant involvement of scapular and peroneal muscles. The disease shows a variable mode of inheritance. Electromyography and muscle biopsy has shown the presence of denervation and dystrophic changes, sometimes both in the same patient. Cardiac manifestations when present add a graver prognosis to an otherwise relatively benign disease. Study of two cases in this report, one with significant sensory changes and another with cardiopathy, showed degeneration of peripheral nerve and mixed features in muscle biopsy. It is postulated that the myopathic or dystrophic features in the muscle of these cases and other patients with scapuloperoneal syndrome is likely to be secondary to slow denervation and reinnervation. PMID- 7310440 TI - Embryonic and foetal myosins in human skeletal muscle. The presence of foetal myosins in duchenne muscular dystrophy and infantile spinal muscular atrophy. AB - Recently described techniques for separating myosin isoenzymes have been adapted for analysis of myosins from diseased and developing human skeletal muscle. The method is highly suitable for analysis of human myosins because only 2 - 3 mg of muscle are required for routine analyses. Human embryonic/foetal myosins are electrophoretically distinct from mature skeletal myosins, and are not normally detected beyond the first month of post-natal life, except in premature infants. They have a high alkaline calcium-activated ATPase activity. This would account for the histochemical classification of foetal fibres as "Type II", although physiological differences between adult fast-twitch muscle and foetal muscle are well recognized. Foetal myosins are also synthesized in human skeletal muscle under certain pathological circumstances. Their presence in Duchenne dystrophy probably reflects the associated marked muscle regeneration, with immaturity of some muscle cells. The large amounts of foetal myosin present in many cases of infantile spinal muscular atrophy is evidence that innervation is necessary for the normal cessation of foetal myosin synthesis. PMID- 7310439 TI - An ultrastructural examination of dorsal root input to the sacral secondary visceral gray. AB - Dorsal root input to the sacral secondary visceral gray was examined in the adult cat using an orthograde degeneration technique. Five days after unilateral, intradural section of sacral dorsal roots electron-microscopic evidence of synaptic degeneration was seen throughout the nucleus ipsilateral to the side of the lesion. Degenerating sacral primary afferents in this nuclear region were associated mainly with S and GS type boutons. S type synapses showed two distinct degenerative responses. Some of the degenerating boutons were swollen with synaptic vesicles clustered tightly near the presynaptic membrane. Others appear shrunken with consequent packing of vesicles and mitochondria within the presynaptic terminal. Degenerating S terminals were found mainly on dendrites. S type synapses on nerve cell bodies appeared to be unaffected by dorsal root section. The degenerative response of sacral primary afferents associated with GS boutons was characterized by marked swelling of the presynaptic terminal and the presence of significant amounts of glycogen. Degenerating GS boutons were observed on both cell bodies and dendrites. These observations provide morphologic evidence of a direct synaptic link between dorsal root afferents and nerve cells in the sacral secondary visceral gray. PMID- 7310438 TI - [Unilateral involvement of IX, X, Xi and XII in cervical zoster. Cranial nerve contribution to vascular pathology]. AB - The authors report a case of a cervical zoster (C2 - C4) with unilateral involvement of the IXth, Xth, XIth and XIIth cranial nerves. Angiography failed to opacify the ascending pharyngeal artery on the same side, presumably because of a thrombosis secondary to the zoster infection. As the ascending pharyngeal artery is known to supply the last four cranial nerves, this study should be seen as a further example of the varied cranial nerve involvement which may arise on a vascular basis. PMID- 7310441 TI - Effect of early postnatal division of the postganglionic nerves on the development of principal cells and small intensely fluorescent cells in the rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - The three main postganglionic nerve branches of the superior cervical ganglion were divided on one side in 3--4-day-old rats. Five, 10, 20 and 60 days after the operation, the number of principal cells and small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, and the ganglion volume were estimated from a complete series of sections through each ganglion, in which catecholamines were histochemically demonstrated by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence. As compared with the contralateral, intact ganglion, the operated ganglion showed a rapid loss of principal cell bodies to about 1/20th of the control value, and the normally large postnatal increase in the volume of the ganglion failed to take place in the operated ganglion. Sham operation experiments showed that these changes were due to nerve division rather than disturbed blood supply and manipulation. The number of SIF cells increased in the intact ganglia from about 200 cells/ganglion at birth and reached the adult value, about 600 cells/ganglion by the 23rd postnatal day. An essentially similar postnatal increase in Sif cell number occurred in the experimental ganglia in spite of the marked loss of principal cells. The relative number of SIF cells increased from less than 1% of all cells (SIF cells and principal cells) in the control ganglia to over 10% in the operated ganglia, in which large aggregates of SIF cells formed 20 and 60 days after nerve division. It is concluded that different sets of developmental rules may apply to the SIF cells and the principal cells. PMID- 7310444 TI - The uptake and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase--polylysine conjugate by ligated postganglionic sympathetic nerves in vitro. AB - The uptake and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and horseradish peroxidase-poly-L-lysine conjugate (HRP-PL) were compared using a system comprising the guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) and ligated hypogastric hypogastric nerves maintained in vitro in a twin chamber apparatus. 0.5 mg of HRP-PL applied to the ligated nerves produced stronger retrograde labelling of neurons within the IMG than did 10 mg of HRP. This may have been due to the greater uptake of HRP-PL in a vesicular form by the axons immediately proximal to the ligation. The possible roles of large rounded vesicles and elongated cisternae in retrograde axoplasmic transport are discussed. PMID- 7310443 TI - Lectin cytochemistry of carbohydrates on cell membranes of rat cerebellum. AB - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinis communis agglutinin (RCA) and Lens culinaris (LC) lectins have been used to characterize carbohydrates of neuronal membrane systems in rat and chick cerebellum. WGA and RCA both label Golgi membrane cisternae on the side of the membrane facing the cisternal space but they do not label other elements of the granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). WGA labels the plasma membrane generally and WGA binding sites are concentrated within the synaptic cleft and at specialized sites along the axolemma at the node of Ranvier. RCA labelling of plasma membranes is sparse. Neuraminidase treatment of tissue slices prior to lectin cytochemistry does not alter the Golgi membrane distribution of WGA and RCA binding sites and other ER membranes remain unlabelled. The plasma membrane staining with WGA is decreased and that with RCA is increased after neuraminidase pretreatment. The pattern of lectin labelling with LC resembles that seen with concanavalin A (con A) in that all elements of the ER within cell bodies label on the side of the membrane facing the cisternal space. A major difference when compared to con A labelling is that the hypolemmal cisternae lying adjacent to the plasma membrane of Purkinje cell axons and dendrites do not label with LC. Collectively, these results suggest that elements of the ER of Purkinje cells are heterogeneous with respect to their lectin binding properties in a manner which is consistent with the formation of more complex oligosaccharides on membranes of the cell periphery. PMID- 7310442 TI - Enhanced visualization of peripheral nerve and sensory receptors in the scanning electron microscope using cryofracture and osmium-thiocarbohydrazide-osmium impregnation. AB - Two methods of specimen preparation for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been combined for the reliable exposure and examination of nervous system tissue. When the specimen is postfixed with OSO4 prior to aqueous cryofracturing, large internal surfaces of nervous tissue are exposed, with minimal distortion to the cytoarchitecture. All tissue surfaces and interstices are subsequently impregnated with a conductive, metallic layer of osmium using a modified osmium thiocarbohydrazide-osmium technique (OTOTO). This OTOTO technique permits SEM examination without any additional vacuum evaporated or ion-sputtered metallic layers, and has been found to eliminate specimen charging reliably. Nervous tissue has been examined in the secondary electron mode of the SEM with unrestricted use of beam currents varying from 1.3 to 60 microamperemeter, at accelerating voltages ranging from 2.5 to 80 kV, and at both low (10 X) and high (80 000 X) magnifications. In addition, a differential deposition of osmium in the tissue after the OTOTO technique has been identified using both transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The enhanced mass density of myelin resulting from the amplification of osmium's natural affinity for unsaturated lipids was best demonstrated by the backscatter electron mode of the SEM. This mode of imaging was found useful in the identification of myelin sheaths. PMID- 7310445 TI - Fine structural study of the abdominal muscle receptor organs of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Sensory endings and synaptic structures. AB - The sensory endings, neuromuscular junctions and interneuronal synapses in the crayfish muscle receptor organ have been studied by electron microscopy. The dendrites of the receptor neuron terminate as endings which are either free in the connective tissue matrix of the central region of the receptor strands, or abut on the muscle membrane forming a specialized junction with a narrow cleft of about 18 nm. Efferent nerve endings are classified into three types on the basis of their fine structural features. Type 1 endings contain mainly spherical vesicles with a diameter of about 55 nm and a few large granular vesicles with a diameter of about 100 nm, and synapse exclusively on muscle fibres. Type 2 endings have a high proportion of elongated vesicles measuring about 30 X 80 nm and a few large granular vesicles, and synapse on both sensory neurons and muscle. Type 3 endings are characterized by the high electron density of the axoplasm and numerous large granular vesicles with a diameter of about 100 nm; they synapse only on the sensory neuron of the slow receptor unit. It is suggested that Type 1 endings are excitatory, and Type 2 and 3 endings are inhibitory. Several differences in postsynaptic structure were observed between the putative excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular junctions. Axo-axonal synapses between endings of Type 1 and Type 2, the latter being presynaptic to the former, are also found. Functional implications and possible roles of these structures are discussed. PMID- 7310446 TI - Synaptic regeneration and glial reactions in the transected spinal cord of the lamprey. AB - We have examined axonal growth and synaptic regeneration in identified giant neurons of the transected lamprey spinal cord using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Wholemounts together with serial section light and electron microscopy, show that axons from identified Muller and Mauthner reticulospinal neurons grow across the lesion and regenerate new synaptic contacts. Relatively normal swimming returns in these animals by 3-4 weeks after spinal transection. This occurs despite the formation of regenerated synapses in regions of the cord that are not usually occupied by these neurons. The regenerating axons branch profusely in contrast to their unbranched state in the normal animal. In addition to showing the two synaptic configuration found normally, synapses may be formed by slender sprouts from the growing giant axon. These 'sprout' type synaptic contacts appear unique to the regenerating neuron. Only regenerated chemical synapses were seen; the morphologically mixed chemical and electrical (gap junction) synaptic complex common in the normal animal was not observed at regenerated synapses. The site of spinal transection in the functionally recovered animal shows an increase in the number of ependymal and glial cells. Ependymal-like cells appear in regions away from the central canal. The expanded ependymal and glial processes covering the peripheral surface of the injured cord become convoluted, in contrast to their normal smooth configuration. There is no collagen within the cord at the site of transection but a considerable deposition is seen external to the cord surface. Axonal growth across a spinal lesion and subsequent synaptic regeneration can be examined in single identifiable giant interneurons in the spinal cord of the larval lamprey. This preparation may be used as an assay to investigate factors that could contribute to functional recovery following central nervous system injury in the higher vertebrates. PMID- 7310448 TI - Internodal distribution of phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic activity in teased peripheral nerve fibres: an autoradiographic study. AB - Radioactive choline injected into mouse sciatic nerve is rapidly incorporated into into phosphatidylcholine. Sites of deposition of this phospholipid have been localized along the internode in autoradiography prepared from individually teased fibres. The newly synthesized lecithin formed during 20 min or 2 h labelling periods is concentrated in the perinuclear region of the Schwann cell and in strands radiating from this portion of the cell. This labelling pattern, representing a complex of enzyme activities, is distributed in a similar, though not identical, fashion to that of Schwann cell mitochondria as localized by histochemical methods. These findings suggest that soluble and membrane associated enzymes required for phosphatidylcholine formation are distributed in Schwann cell cytoplasm along superficial longitudinally oriented channels as depicted in recent freeze-fracture studies. PMID- 7310447 TI - Ultrastructural observations on synapse elimination in neonatal rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - Electron microscopic techniques were used to investigate two main questions about mammalian neuromuscular development. One, does neonatal synapse elimination proceed by the degeneration of synaptic terminals and preterminal axons, or are the terminals retracted into the parent axon, in a process analogous to the resorption of axonal growth cones? Two, is there any discernible relationship between the elimination of supernumerary synapses and the myelination of preterminal axons? Examination of several hundred sections through endplates fixed at the peak time of synapse elimination revealed no signs of degeneration. This result is not consistent with the proposal that the major mechanism of synapse elimination is terminal degeneration, according to calculations based on the time course of terminal degeneration following neonatal nerve transection. Serial and semi-serial reconstruction of terminals and preterminal axons suggest that myelination of intramuscular axons lags behind synapse elimination and that elimination can proceed while axons bear an immature relationship to Schwann cells. In addition, reconstruction of serial sections through neonatal synapses revealed that their three-dimensional configuration is more complex than that of mature neuromuscular synapses; this feature may be indicative of a dynamic relationship between nerve and muscle at early stages. PMID- 7310449 TI - Growth of nerve-cell body and myelinogenesis in mouse trigemnal ganglion and root: a combined cytofluorometric and morphometric study. AB - Postnatal growth of mouse trigeminal ganglion cells and myelinogenesis in the central and peripheral portions of the trigeminal root were studied in animals aged 0-120 days. The trigeminal ganglion cells were dispersed into single cell suspensions. The growth of individual nerve cells was quantitated by measuring total protein content with a new cytofluorometric method based on o phthaldialdehyde binding to cells fixed in a mixture of ethanol and acetic acid. White matter from the C.N.S. protrudes from the brainstem into the trigeminal root, comes into direct contact with the P.N.S. in a transitional region. C.N.S. and P.N.S. and myelinogenesis were studied in the same population of trigeminal sensory nerve fibres. Myelinogenesis was quantitated at the ultrastuctural level by morphometric techniques. A prominent peak in nerve cell body growth occurred between 3 and 6 days. Myelinogenesis in terms of established contacts between axons and their myelinating cells started at the same time in C.N.S. and P.N.S. and the transformation from nonmyelinated to promyelinated and myelinated fibres occurred concurrently in the central and peripheral parts of the trigeminal root. The growth of the myelin sheath, that is, the addition of myelin lamellae, was faster and more intense in P.N.S. than in C.N.S. This could reflect the fact that a Schwann cell myelinates only one internode, whereas an oligodendrocyte provides myelin for several internodes in different axons. These results support the concept of a common 'signal' for myelinogenesis in C.N.S. and P.N.S. PMID- 7310451 TI - Large dense-core vesicle exocytosis and membrane recycling in the mossy fibre synapses of the rabbit hippocampus during epileptiform seizures. AB - The ultrastructure of the hippocampal mossy fibre layer was studied in ultrathin sections and freeze-fracture preparations of rabbits under deep Nembutal anaesthesia, after recovery from ether anaesthesia, and 40 min after a single injection of methoxypyridoxine, that is, during the second generalized seizure discharge. The giant mossy fibre boutons contain two types of vesicles: evenly distributed, small round clear vesicles (50 nm) and a few scattered large dense core vesicles (100 nm). In rare instances fusion of dense-core vesicles with the presynaptic membrane was observed. No differences in the morphology of the mossy fibre synapses were found between anaesthetized and unanaesthetized animals. During epileptiform seizures, however, the size and shape of clear and dense-core vesicles varied greatly. The active synaptic zones were covered with large, core containing omega profiles or bumps and indentations. Only dense-core vesicles seem to undergo exocytosis. A fusion of clear vesicles with presynaptic membrane was not observed. Various explanations for the fact that only dense-core vesicles seem to undergo exocytosis are discussed. The hypothesis is put forward that in the mossy fibre bouton two morphologically and functionally distinct populations of synaptic vesicles exist and that only one of them undergoes visible irreversible exocytosis, whereas the majority, that is, the small vesicles discharge their transmitter by reversible fusion. After MP injection features of membrane retrieval were also prominent. Frequently, at the borders of the active synaptic zones coated membrane convolutes of both pre- and postsynaptic membranes had invaded the terminals as well as the postsynaptic spine. Thus, in contrast to electrical stimulation, the self-sustained seizures allows energy-expensive processes such as extensive membrane internalization to take place during the interictal pauses. PMID- 7310450 TI - A freeze-fracture study of photoreceptor presynaptic membranes during ribbon synapse formation. AB - The outer plexiform layer (OPL) of the developing chick retina from 11 embryonic days to 11/2 weeks posthatching has been studied by freeze-fracture to characterize changes in the membrane structure of photoreceptor terminals during synaptogenesis. At early stages, the undifferentiated photoreceptor synaptic base is characterized by a sparse distribution of intramembrane articles on the inner leaflet (P-face). Later, as the synaptic base begins to differentiate by extending filopodia into the OPL, numerous small aggregates of large particles appear between and on filopodial surfaces. Many of the aggregates occupy crater like expressions, which are seen in cross-fractures through the underlying cytoplasm to be associated with vesicular invaginations of the presynaptic membrane. Corresponding thin sections through these regions at this time reveal immature arciform densities and coated vesicles fusing with the presynaptic membrane adjacent to these densities. At later stages, many of the particle aggregates on the photoreceptor membrane appear to have coalesced into longer arrays overlying ridges surrounded by numerous vesicle fusion sites. These intramembrane changes correlate with the formation of the mature arciform density synaptic ribbon specialization in the photoreceptor presynaptic terminal and with physiological maturation of the chick retina. PMID- 7310452 TI - A method to separate spatially the temporal sequence of axon-Schwann cell interaction during nerve regeneration. AB - This paper describes a surgical method of manipulating feline peripheral nerve regeneration to separate spatially the temporal sequence of events of axon Schwann cell interaction during nerve fibre formation. The method allows regenerating axons from the peroneal nerve to reinnervate the distal stump of a axon- and myelin-free, Schwann cell-enriched, chronically denervated tibial nerve distal stump. Three zones can be morphologically delineated in the tibial nerve stump after three weeks of reinnervation: (1) a proximal myelinated zone, (2) a more distal, non-myelinated, axon-Schwann cell contact zone, and (3) a distal axon-free Schwann cell non-contact zone. The distal limit of the second zone can be determined accurately by the front of an axonally transported label. The large volume of available tissue makes this method suitable for interdisciplinary studies to elucidate the control of axon elongation, axon growth, and axon Schwann cell inter-relationships. PMID- 7310453 TI - Lack of restriction at the blood-brain interface in Limulus despite atypical junctional arrangements. AB - Tracer and freeze-fracture techniques are used to evaluate the capacity of the central and peripheral nervous system of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus to admit or exclude molecular or ionic constituents of the blood intercellularly. Both the peripheral and central nervous systems are contained within blood sinuses so there is intimate contact between the haemolymph and the neural lamella. No discrete perineurium exists so any protection afforded to the nerve cells must be provided by the ensheathing glial cells and any junctions between them. Using ionic lanthanum as a pre-fixation incubation medium the system is seen to be completely "open', with the tracer gaining access to all regions of the nervous tissue. Cellular association in the peripheral nervous system, as revealed by thin-section and freeze-fracture, consist only of small scattered gap junctions between glial cells which afford no restriction to tracer entry. Gap junctions are again present between glial cells in the C.N.S. but here they are far more numerous, sometimes forming extensive sheets of almost continuous gap junctional plaques. Between certain glial cells there also exists a junctional system of linear PF ridges and complementary EF grooves; these may associate with or surround, often discontinuous arrays, the gap junctional plaques. Given their characteristics and the freedom of tracer entry, they seem unlikely to represent either typical occluding tight junctions or septate junctions. PMID- 7310454 TI - The periaxonal space in an experimental model of neuropathy: the mutant Syrian hamster with hindleg paralysis. AB - The periaxonal space of peripheral myelinated axons was studied in the mutant Syrian hamster with hindleg paralysis, an experimental model of neuropathy. Despite pronounced alterations of the axon and the surrounding sheath, sometimes leading to demyelination, the periaxonal space showed remarkable resistance to change in most instances. When the space was widened as the result of the infiltration of extracellular fluid, the axon was found at the periphery of the enlarged inner perimeter of the sheath. Even under these extreme conditions the axon maintained close to normal distance from the inner collar of cytoplasm. The significance of these findings with regard to both the normal anatomical relationship within the sheath and to the mechanisms of demyelination are discussed. PMID- 7310455 TI - An ultrastructural analysis of the developing enteric nervous system of the guinea-pig small intestine. PMID- 7310456 TI - Architecture and synaptic relationships in the intermediolateral nucleus of the thoracic spinal cord of the rat: HRP labelling, catecholamine histochemistry and electron microscopic studies. AB - The organization of the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) of the thoracic spinal cord was examined using glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence histochemistry, retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelling and electron microscopy. In serial sections of T2, it was found that the distribution of catecholamine nerve terminals was intimately related to the neuronal perikarya of IML. Potassium permanganate fixation and 5-hydroxydopamine treatment revealed small dense-cored vesicles in axon varicosities with or without synaptic specializations. A gelatinous region, composed of small diameter dendrites and unmyelinated axons, formed a narrow longitudinal bundle in the centre of the nucleus. The population of the axon varicosities in the IML was 0.17 +/- 0.02/micrometer2 in 75 nm sections. The average size of the axon varicosities with flat synaptic vesicles was 1.44 +/- 0.05 micrometers2 and that of varicosities with spherical vesicles was 0.97 +/- 0.02 micrometers2. After HRP injection into the superior cervical ganglion, ipsilateral IML neurons were labelled in T1-T3 segments of the spinal cord. Axon varicosities with flat and others with spherical synaptic vesicles synapsing on the dendrites labelled by HRP. Among axon varicosities synapsing on the preganglionic sympathetic neurons, 74.8 +/- 7.1% at axo-somatic synapses and 46.0 +/- 6.7% at synapses on proximal dendrites contained flat synaptic vesicles. PMID- 7310457 TI - Ultrastructure of identified fast excitatory, slow excitatory and inhibitory neuromuscular junctions in the locust. AB - The specialized jumping muscle of the locust, the metathoracic extensor tibiae (ETi), is innervated by four physiologically different motoneurons, including FETi, a phasic excitor, SETi, a tonic excitor, and CI, a tonic common inhibitor. FETi neuromuscular junctions were examined in three phasic ETi bundles innervated by FETi. FETi terminals were characterized by patchy contacts on to granular sarcoplasm. The ETi accessory extensor, innervated by both SETi and CI, contains two morphologically different types of axon ending. When this muscle was soaked in horseradish peroxidase, stimulation of SETi led to selective uptake in vesicles in terminals similar to those of FETi axons but containing smaller vesicles, while stimulation by CI caused increased uptake into terminals with more extensive contact directly on to fibrillar sarcoplasm. As has been observed in excitatory and inhibitory synapses in some crustacean and vertebrate nervous systems, the synaptic vesicles in the locust excitatory endings are round and electron-lucent while those in the inhibitory endings are more irregular in shape. The tonic neuromuscular junctions, SETi and CI, are more densely packed with vesicles, larger in cross-sectional area and appear to be of more complex shape than the smaller, vesicle-sparse, phasic FETi terminals. Following long duration stimulation at 10 Hz, the tonic neuromuscular junctions showed little morphological change. FETi endings, which fatigue within minutes at the same stimulation frequency, showed a 20% decrease in synaptic vesicle density and an increase in irregularly shaped membrane inclusions. PMID- 7310458 TI - Anomalous migration of central nervous tissue to transplanted autonomic ganglia. PMID- 7310459 TI - Radioautographic evidence for an innervation of the subcommissural organ by GABA containing nerve fibres. AB - Light-and electron-microscopic radioautographic studies were carried out in rats after intraventricular injection of [3H]GABAergic elements in the subcommissural organ (SCO). This amino acid is specifically accumulated in SCO ependymocytes and numerous nerve terminals and fibres. Some labelled terminals contain clear round vesicles and large granular vesicles and sometimes display synaptic contacts on the SCO ependymocytes. They disappear after 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) treatment or lesions of mesencephalic raphe nuclei. They are morphologically and pharmacologically similar to the serotonin-containing terminals of the basal SCO. The other labelled terminals contain exclusively clear round vesicles, are dispersed throughout the SCO and survive after the 5,7-DHT treatment or raphe nuclei lesions; some of them are in synaptic contact with neuronal elements of the basal SCO. In both SCO ependymocytes and fibres or terminals, [3H]GABA is accumulated according to the pharmacological criteria of a GABA neuronal uptake. Under the same experimental conditions [3H[glutamine and beta[3H]alanine fail to label the SCO: [3H] glutamate produces a very light labelling and [3H] serotonin is accumulated only in nerve profiles of the basal SCO. These results, and the presence of a glutamate decarboxylase activity in the SCO, suggest the existence of GABA-synthesizing elements in the SCO and could indicate the possible involvement of GABA in the secretory activity of the SCO. PMID- 7310460 TI - Ultrastructural evidence for axon retraction during the spontaneous elimination of polyneuronal innervation of the rat soleus muscle. AB - This study provides morphological evidence for axon retraction during the elimination of polyneuronal innervation in postnatal rat soleus muscle. The motor innervation of muscles from animals 7-15 days and two months of age was examined in silver-stained preparations at the light microscopic level and in serial sections with the electron microscope. Transection of the soleus nerve in immature muscles revealed that the pattern of terminal and preterminal degeneration was similar to, but much more rapid than, that reported for adult muscles. During normal development, less than 1% of the preterminal axons sampled exhibited a denervation-like morphology and none of the neuromuscular junctions exhibited dense terminal degeneration. This indicates that autotomy and phagocytosis of the excess axons play a minor role in the development of connections. From estimates of the number of axons lost per day, about 20% of the endplates in 14-day-old muscles would be expected to have involuting axons associated with them. Slender axons terminating in vesicle-laden enlargements were associated with 18% of the endplates examined ultrastructurally which is consistent with the predicted rate of axon removal. These structures are interpreted as morphological manifestations of axon retraction because they were not present in adult material and they were not produced by nerve transection. Furthermore, they are comparable in shape and location to the putative retraction fibres identified in silver-stained sections at the light microscopic level. The present results indicate that retraction is the major means by which all but one of the multiple inputs per endplate are removed during the establishment of the adult pattern of motor innervation. PMID- 7310461 TI - Quantitative analysis of axodendritic and axosomatic collateral terminals of two feline spinocervical tract cells. AB - The initial axon collaterals of two feline spinocervical tract cells have been ultrastructurally investigated after intracellular injection with horseradish peroxidase. A total of 200 axodendritic and 43 axosomatic terminals were analysed in serial section. The following variables were measured: the diameter and area of the bouton profiles, the areal densities of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria of the bouton profiles, the width and length of the synaptic clefts, the width of the postsynaptic densities, the width of the postsynaptic dendrites, and the width and length of axons between the boutons. Ten boutons were reconstructed for an investigation of the relation between measurements in two and three dimensions. All the measured variables showed wide ranges of variation. They were analysed statistically for significant differences between the cells and between the axodendritic and axosomatic boutons of each and both cells. Significant differences were mainly observed in the former comparison but they were also found between the axodendritic and axosomatic terminals of the individual cells. PMID- 7310462 TI - An infraciliary network in statocyst hair cells. AB - Ultrastructural analysis of the statocyst, a primitive vestibular organ, of the nudibranch mollusc Hermissenda crassicornis, indicates that in addition to the basal foot, there is an infraciliary rootlet system between basal bodies of adjacent sensory cilia. These rootlets project perpendicularly from the basal bodies and parallel to the cell surface in an astral array. A polarity within the network also appears to exist; the array is longest and most extensive on the side of the basal body directed away from the cell centre, but the overall arrangement of the basal bodies indicates a multidirectional sensitivity for each of the 13 sensory cells. This rootlet system, in conjunction with the attachment system of the basal bodies to the cell membrane (button anchors), may serve an integrative function for the mechanical stimuli experienced by sensory cells and/or be involved with their transductive processes by maximizing the stress to, and membrane distortion of, the transductive site caused by weighting of the cilia. Evidence was also obtained for the intracellular synthesis of statoconia by the nonsensory supporting cells. PMID- 7310463 TI - Gap junctions in the outer plexiform layer of te chick retina: thin section and freeze-fracture studies. AB - Previous studies have established that gap junctions between presumptive retinal neurons of the chick retina disappear during the course of embryogenesis. The present study examines the 2-3-week-old chick retina to determine if gap junctions are present in the outer plexiform layer of the more mature animal as would be in accordance with evidence from morphological and physiological studies on a variety of other vertebrates. Thin section and freeze-fracture techniques are used in a complementary manner to demonstrate that gap junctions are present between horizontal cell processes in the distal regions of the outer plexiform layer. These junctions appear to be between axon terminals and between spines that project from axon terminals to rods and double cones. Gap junctions are also observed between photoreceptors. They are seen on the synaptic terminals of all classes of cones and are located between the cone synaptic terminals and cone basal processes. Gap junctions are also seen between unidentified photoreceptor basal processes within the neuropil of both distal and proximal parts of the outer plexiform layer. Gap junctions are also present between cone synaptic terminals and deeply invaginated, vesicle-containing processes the origin of which remains to be determined. PMID- 7310464 TI - The sequential development of nodal sprouts in mouse muscles in response to nerve degeneration. AB - Nodal sprouting in response to axonal degeneration was studied in silver-stained, wholemount preparations of the thin, sheet-like mouse muscles tensor faciae latae (TFL) and the inferior and superior gluteus maximus. Axon degeneration in TFL and gluteus was produced by cutting the L14 spinal nerve (partial denervation). Axon degeneration in the gluteus was also produced by superior gluteal and TFL nerve section (hemidenervation). Two days after partial or hemidenervation motor nerve nodal sprouts begin to appear in the intramuscular nerves. Sprout growth is rapid, since only a small percentage of sprouts are ever seen not to terminate at endplates. Sprouts continue to appear for at least three weeks after partial denervation, when there are up to five times as many endplates innervated by sprouts as by remaining intact axons. Sprouts arise at nodes near the denervated endplates, which they innervate by growing directly down the degenerating nerve. Sprout initiation proceeds sequentially in partly and hemidenervated muscles, since the average length of sprouts contacting endplates increases with time. Analysis of silver-stained muscles by combined light and electron microscopy shows that this sequential development is unlikely to be a consequence of slow growth and maturation of submicroscopic sprouts initiated nonsequentially throughout the intramuscular nerves. The observations are consistent with a nodal sprouting mechanism which requires a cellular or structural change in the denervated Schwann cell pathway to spread disto-proximally from the terminal ends of the nerves and thereby to permit the growth of nodal sprouts. The initiation of sprout growth may require a diffusible substance from degenerating nerve or denervated muscle. PMID- 7310465 TI - Membrane structures and physiology of an immature synapse. AB - Immature synapses, developing moth neuromuscular junctions, were studied using electro-physiological and ultrastructural techniques, and were compared with synapses from the flight muscles of adult moths. Neuromuscular junctions, formed by short side branches of the single fast motor axon, were assessed for functional state by stimulating the nerve and recording the endplate potential intracellularly from the muscle fibre. The muscle was then fixed and prepared for scanning, thin-section, and freeze-fracture microscopy. The immature stage differs from the adult by having very small (average 7.8 mV, compared with 20-30 mV), long duration ejp's that fatigue rapidly. The immature junctions are, however, only 13% shorter than those of the adult. Within the junction, the nerve terminal comes into direct contact with the muscle membrane in a series of oval patches separated by glial processes. These regions of apposition or 'plaques' in the immature synapse are about half the diameter of the adult plaques. In freeze fractured material, the nerve terminal membrane in the plaque region bears an irregular band of particles on the cytoplasmic leaflet; the length of the band is essentially the same in the immature synapse as in the adult. This band marks the location of the active zone, an electron dense bar of the same length in thin section. The apposing external leaflet of the muscle membrane bears a patch of postsynaptic particles; the patch is much smaller than in the adult plaque. These immature patches, presumably representing clusters of receptors, range in size from a dozen particles to a hundred or more. We consider it likely that a lack of postsynaptic receptors may partially explain the very small ejp in the developing synapse, but that other factors may also be limiting. Desmosome-like contacts between glial cells and the muscle fibre were observed. Small wisps of electron dense material appear to bridge the extracellular space between the nerve terminal and the muscle fibre or between the glial processes and the muscle fibre in some locations. They are found in the same regions of the neuromuscular junction as small groups of large particles, suggesting that these two features are different aspects of the same structure. From their location one could hypothesize that they have either a mechanical function of stabilizing the glial invaginations, or a role in communication between the three types of developing cells. PMID- 7310466 TI - Identification of pericellular baskets in the cat striate cortex: light and electron microscopic observations after uptake of horseradish peroxidase. AB - This paper presents one of the few descriptions and the first light and electron microscopic reconstruction of a pericellular basket in the cat striate cortex. A pericellular basket and its related pyramidal cell in cortical layer V were labelled by nearby injection of horseradish peroxidase. The basket and pyramidal cell, contained in a cortical transverse section embedded in plastic, were analysed by light microscopy. Subsequently, similarly transverse serial sections of 4 micrometer thickness were cut through a basket and pyramidal cell, and these sections were also documented by light microscopy. Finally, serial ultrathin sections were made from each 4 micrometer section and analysed electron microscopically. Graphic reconstructions of the basket and its pyramidal cell were then made from the 4 micrometer and ultrathin sections. The basket had the characteristic appearance of axon stalks and terminal boutons intertwined around the soma and basal dendritic processes of the pyramid. Basket boutons contained mitochondria and a large number of tightly packed dark vesicles, round or oval in shape. Subsynaptic densities were discrete and extended for only a fraction of the basket bouton/pyramidal cell contact. With some reservations, these synapses can be classed as symmetrical. The basket was connected to several axons, and these were myelinated right to the level of the stalks and boutons. This was an unexpected finding since pericellular baskets have been shown to arise from local interneurons. PMID- 7310467 TI - Serial analysis of microtubules in cultured rat sensory axons. AB - A fascicle of axons in an organotypic culture of rat dorsal root ganglion was analysed in 190 serial transverse sections, a total fascicle length calculated to be 12.8 micrometer. The number, position and continuity of microtubules and components of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) were examined. The 187 microtubules traced in 27 axons showed a total of 32 terminations in the series; 14 of these were 'starts' and 18 were 'stops' in relation to progression away from the neuronal soma; three tubules began and ended in the series. Microtubules overall were long, their lengths calculated to average 108 micrometer. Terminations usually occurred close to the plasma membrane but otherwise exhibited no obvious morphological specialization. Microtubules in some axons were concentrated in the periphery of the axon, a region from which neurofilaments were excluded. The relative position of tubules in the axon did not change in any systematic way (for example, by rotation) throughout the series. The SER showed marked variation in form, from the expected membrane bounded vesicle to profiles that resembled a microtubule or a thinner densely stained filament. PMID- 7310468 TI - Location and size of carotid body-like organs (paraganglia) revealed in rats by the permeability of blood vessels to Evans blue dye. AB - We determined the number, distribution size, and morphology of paraganglia near the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and sympathetic nerves of rats. The location of paraganglia was revealed by a method that takes advantage of the comparatively high permeability of their blood vessels to Evans blue dye. Rats were fixed by vascular perfusion of glutaraldehyde 2 min after receiving an intravenous injection of Evans blue dye. Paraganglia appeared as circumscribed, intensely blue structures that were readily distinguished from unstained nerves associated with them. Similarly, some groups of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in autonomic and sensory ganglia were surrounded by Evans blue at a time that other portions of the ganglia contained little detectable dye. An average of 92.5 (range 41-134) paraganglia and 41 (range 17-68) blue spots in ganglia were found in the neck, thorax and abdomen of each of 10 rats. Carotid bodies had a mean length of 601 +/- 123 micrometer, width of 275 +/- 65 micrometer, and volume of 25.1 +/- 11.2 micrometer 3 X 10(6). Other paraganglia had an average length of 168 +/- 108 micrometer, width of 77 +/- 41 micrometer, and volume of 0.87 +/- 1.55 micrometer 3 X 10(6). The total volume of paraganglion tissue averaged 128 micrometer 3 X 10(6) (range 62-215 micrometer 3 X 10(6)), 59% of which was due to paraganglia other than the carotid bodies. By using fluorescence microscopy, we verified that small catecholamine-containing cells, visible because of their yellow-green fluorescence induced by formaldehyde gas, were located in regions along nerves and within ganglia that contained extravascular dye, visible because of its red fluorescence. Electron-microscopic studies confirmed that blue-stained organs (presumptive paraganglia) associated with the superior laryngeal nerve and other branches of the vagus nerve contained cells morphologically similar to glomus cells of the carotid body. Celiac ganglia contained, in addition, some cells similar to chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Paraganglia (but not in SIF cells in ganglia) were encapsulated by layers of perineurium, which may constitute a barrier to diffusion. Tortuous thin-walled blood vessels, some with a fenestrated endothelium, were present in all paraganglia examined and were near most groups of SIF cells in ganglia. Neural connections of the small catecholamine-containing cells varied. Most nerve terminals on cells in paraganglia resembled sensory nerve endings on glomus cells of the carotid body, although some were morphologically similar to preganglionic nerves on chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. PMID- 7310469 TI - Ultrastructural features of the carotid body after in vitro experiments: correlation with physiological results. AB - We have studied the ultrastructure and physiological properties of the rabbit carotid body superfused in vitro. After 3 h superfusion, the ultrastructural features of the carotid body cells, nerve fibres and nerve endings are similar to those observed after in vivo perfusion with fixative. After 5 h superfusion, the fluorescence of type I cells and sympathetic post-ganglionic nerve fibres appears normal, as demonstrated by the Falck method. After 6 h superfusion, some type I cells are characterized by a highly vacuolated cytoplasm whereas most of the nerve fibres and nerve endings still show a normal ultrastructure. Damaged cells are not more abundant in the centre of the organ than in the surface layer. Recordings from chemoafferent units demonstrate the possibility of superfusing the carotid body with an air-equilibrated medium without any noticeable excitation. Large and reproducible responses to hyperoxic and hypoxic superfusions are recorded. It is concluded that the in vitro superfused rabbit carotid body is a reliable and useful preparation for studying the mechanism of chemoreceptor excitation. PMID- 7310470 TI - The structural integrity of neurons in the hippocampal slice preparation as revealed by intracellular injection of Lucifer Yellow. AB - Hippocampal neurons in slice preparations were injected with the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH. Pyramidal neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions and granule cells in the area dentata were identified and their processes traced. The perikarya and dendrites of injected neurons were clearly visible. Axons could be traced in some cases for up to 500 micrometer before they passed out of the slice. In several cases dye was observed in more than one neuron after a single neuron alone was injected. PMID- 7310471 TI - High resolution analysis of [3H]2-deoxyglucose incorporation into neurons and glial cells in invertebrate ganglia: histological processing of nervous tissue for selective marking of glycogen. AB - The 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique, in conjunction with 3H labelled 2-DG and glutaraldehyde fixation, was applied to the isolated ganglia of the leech and the snail in order to analyse its potential use for the understanding of energy utilization in these simple nervous systems. Approximately 50% of the label is retained in these tissues after histological processing, and the method can be satisfactorily applied at the subcellular level. In both species most neurons progressively accumulate radioactivity over 15 min-1 h, although to different extents. In the leech the glial cells showed greater uptake than the neurons. Paired homologous neurons in contralateral buccal ganglia of the snail were equally labelled. In all structures studied by electron-microscope autoradiography the label was positively associated with glycogen. Freshly extracted glycogen from ganglia previously exposed to 2-DG was significantly labelled (2-10% of total radioactivity in the ganglia); thus the glutaraldehyde fixation did not appear responsible for artifactual binding of the label. The significance of the glycogen labelling and the potential of the technique for metabolic mapping in these nervous systems are discussed. PMID- 7310473 TI - Histochemistry of glycogen deposition in perinatal rat brain: importance of radial glial cells. AB - Changes in the glycogen content and patterns of deposition in the developing rat brain were studied using a light microscopic periodic acid-Schiff method on embryonic days (ED) 14, 16, 18, 20 and postnatal days (PD) 1, 3, 7, 12, 16 and 21. Regional and temporal differences were quantified with an automatic image analyser by estimation of stained material in subpial regions of cerebral cortex, thalamus, superior colliculus and medulla. The cellular localization of glycogen particles was investigated by electron microscopy on ED 18, ED 20 and PD 2. On ED 14 the first signs of glycogen storage were found in parts of the immature choroid plexus and in radial glial cells in the midbrain and medullary raphe. With advancing foetal age these structures retained their high capacity for glycogen storage but, in addition, an increasing number of radial fibres in most of the brain stem regions and in the cerebral cortex of older foetuses (ED 18-20) showed significant amounts of glycogen. The storage of glycogen in cerebral cortex was relatively low at all foetal age intervals studied. In new born animals the distribution of glycogen particles was similar to that found in the late foetal brain. A decrease of glycogen content commenced from PD 1 to 3 and reached the pattern of the adult brain between PD 7 and 21. Glycogen storage by radial glial cells in the developing rat brain might indicate their possible role as an energy source in perinatal carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7310472 TI - A light and electron microscopic investigation of the neurosecretory bag cells of Aplysia. AB - The two bilateral clusters of neurosecretory bag cells of Aplysia were studied with both light and electron microscopy. Autoradiography revealed that the bag cells rapidly accumulate 3H-labelled amino acids and that after 1-2 h, heavy concentrations of silver grains appear over Golgi complexes and in the proximal axons. Intrasomatic injections of CoCl2 or lucifer yellow showed clear branch points and numerous varicosities along individual axons. Many of the bag cells are multipolar. Electron-microscopic observations confirmed that individual fibres branch and showed that the varicosities are packed with dense-cored vesicles similar in size (180 nm diameter) and electron density to those found in the somata. The axons of several cells are usually associated into bundles that travel (within the connective tissue sheath) either rostrally up the pleurovisceral connective or toward the contralateral bag cell cluster. Bundled in groups of tens to hundreds, a total of many thousands of axons fill the sheath around each cell cluster and around the proximal 2-5 mm of the pleurovisceral connective; the number of axon bundles in the sheath decreases rapidly with distance from the cluster. Individual axons reaching the outer edges of bundles from neurosecretory endings near blood sinuses in the sheath, creating an extensive neurohemal release area. Dense-cored vesicles are packed into the endings, often in very close apposition to the plasma membrane. Possible release profiles (omega-shaped) and smaller clear vesicles (85 nm diameter) were observed in the axon endings. A number of axons also enter and travel among the conventional (non-neurosecretory) axons in the core of the pleurovisceral connective nerve. These 'core' bag cell axons project for several millimetres beyond the terminations of the bundled axons of the sheath. The findings support the hypothesis proposed in physiological studies that the distribution and branching of the axonal tree are the basis for the extracellularly recorded wave forms and of the potentiation of electrical signals during bag-cell activity. Additional evidence indicates that exocytosis is the means by which bag-cell hormone is released during afterdischarges. PMID- 7310474 TI - The fine structure of the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. I. The ganglia, neurons, Schwann cells and neuropil. AB - A fine structural study was made of the ganglia, neurons, Schwann cells and neuropil of the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. The arrangement of the plexus as seen by light microscopy is briefly described. Submucous ganglia are small, containing an average of eight neurons per ganglion (compared with 43 in myenteric ganglia) and are connected with each other by fine nerve strands. The cell bodies of neurons and Schwann cells and a neuropil consisting of neuronal and Schwann cell processes from the ganglia. No other cell types or blood vessels are found within the ganglia. Ganglia are surrounded by a continuous basal lamina but lack a well-defined connective tissue investment. The glial investment of neurons is incomplete: many neurons lie directly beneath the basal lamina with no intervening Schwann cell processes, and the plasma membranes of adjacent neurons are often directly apposed over large areas. Other areas of apposition occur between the cell bodies and processes of neurons and Schwann cells. Desmosome like membrane specializations may be seen between neurons and other neurons or Schwann cells. Submucous neurons could not be categorized according to size, shape, organelle content or types of processes. Processes emerging from nerve cell bodies were placed into four broad categories on the basis of shape and microtubule content. Many bundles of closely apposed small nerve profiles lacking intervening Schwann processes are found in the neuropil in addition to a large number of vesiculated varicosities, some of which are directly apposed to the plasma membranes of nerve-cell bodies. A small proportion of vesiculated profiles from synapses with nerve cell bodies, their processes and profiles in the neuropil. From their structure, submucous neurons appear to form a more homogeneous population than myenteric neurons. Because of their incomplete investment they are more likely to be freely exposed to substances diffusing in the extraganglionic tissue than are neurons of sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 7310475 TI - The fine structure of the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. II. Description and analysis of vesiculated nerve profiles. AB - A fine structural study has been made of the vesiculated nerve profiles of the submucous plexus of both normally innervated and extrinsically denervated segments of guinea-pig ileum. Two types of nerve profiles could be readily distinguished by their vesicular content after conventional fixation. The first type, comprising 5% of all intrinsic profiles, consisted of predominantly small vesicles containing electron dense material which usually formed a ring around the inner face of the vesicular membrane but sometimes partially or completely filled the vesicle. These profiles, termed ring-vesicle-containing profiles, remained after extrinsic denervation, and their vesicular content did not change following injection of reserpine or 5-hydroxydopamine. Thus ring-vesicle containing profiles are not adrenergic. Profiles which were positive for the uranaffin method were similar in morphology and frequency of occurrence to ring vesicle-containing profiles, although it is not possible to say that they are the same. The second type of profile, comprising 95% of all intrinsic profiles, contained varying proportions of large granular and small clear vesicles. These heterogeneous profiles were present in both normally innervated and extrinsically denervated tissue. Their vesicular content did not change following injection of reserpine, however, some profiles of this type in normally innervated, but not in extrinsically denervated, intestine contained electron dense deposits after injection of 5-hydroxydopamine. This means that noradrenergic profiles are a subpopulation of the heterogeneous profiles in normally innervated tissue. Analysis of intrinsic heterogeneous profiles showed that the proportion and packing density of large granular vesicles formed continuous distributions which did not provide any basis for further subdivision of this type of profile. Ring vesicle-containing and heterogeneous profiles often formed synapses with neuronal cell bodies and processes. Two rarer types of profiles were also seen. The first type contained mainly small flattened vesicles which took up 5-hydroxydopamine and was not present in extrinsically denervated tissue. This type, like the group described above, is considered to be noradrenergic. The second rare type contained large numbers of lysosome-like dense bodies and vesicles of different sizes and content and was seen in both normally innervated and denervated tissue. This type probably represents spontaneously degenerating nerve profiles. PMID- 7310476 TI - Non-neuronal cells in the spinal cord of nude and heterozygous mice. I. Ventral horn neuroglia. AB - A quantitative light microscopic analysis of the ventral grey matter in the lumbar spinal cord of homozygous nude (nu/nu) and heterozygous (nu/+) mice was performed to determine the possible contribution of lymphocytes to normal C.N.S. tissue. If lymphocytes were present in the neuropil, they could be mistaken for neuroglial cells. Athymic nude mice offer a good model, since they lack T lymphocytes and symptoms of neurological involvement. Mean cell counts from 1 micrometer sections were tested by analysis of variance. There were not strain differences for the area and number of neurons. The total neuroglial cell count was also similar, but the number of oligodendrocytes decreased 28%, astrocytes increased 51% and microglia were unchanged in the nude compared with the heterozygous mouse. There were no qualitative differences at the ultrastructural level among the neuroglia of either strain. Either the genetic defect retards and alters neuroglial cell development, or some of the small, round dark nuclei belong to lymphocytes, which have earlier migrated into the C.N.S. parenchyma. Lymphocytes could then participate in a cell-mediated immune response with brain macrophages, which are thought to be primarily derived from mononuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7310477 TI - Non-neuronal cells in the spinal cord of nude and heterozygous mice. II. Agranular leukocytes in the subarachnoid and perivascular space. AB - The lumbar spinal cord of the athymic nude mouse and its heterozygous control were examined at the light and electron microscopic levels for differences in the cellular constituents of the subarachnoid and perivascular spaces. Both macrophages and lymphocytes were found in these spaces associated with the adventitial and leptomeningeal cells. Occasionally, fixed-cells were associated with extensions of the basal lamina and subjacent astrocytic processes. The appearance of the basal lamina of the external glia limitans and perivascular space was enhanced by tannic acid treatment. There were twice as many macrophages as lymphocytes, but no significant strain differences. Comparison was made between cells in the lumina of incompletely perfused vessels and neuroglial cells in the spinal cord. The cellular morphology is distinct in each of these compartments and no cell migrations were observed between the blood, cerebrospinal fluid and C.N.S. interstitial space. The normal presence of both macrophages and lymphocytes in the subarachnoid and perivascular space suggests that these cells could penetrate the basal lamina and gain access to the C.N.S. PMID- 7310479 TI - Shaking pups: a disorder of central myelination in the spaniel dog. II. Ultrastructural observations on the white matter of the cervical spinal cord. AB - The ultrastructure of the cervical cord is described in a new canine mutant with severe hypomyelination of the C.N.S. Axons were either non-myelinated or surrounded by a myelin sheath that was markedly reduced in both its thickness and length of internode. Myelinated and non-myelinated zones were present on a single axon. There was no paucity of oligodendrocytes but many of those present contained empty or granular vacuoles within the cytoplasm. Features suggesting immaturity of myelination were commonly found at paranodes and along the internode. Abnormal inter-relationships of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were present at many paranodes. These observations suggest an intrinsic defect of oligodendrocyte metabolism such that they are incapable of normal extension of their plasma membranes, while the cytoplasmic vacuoles may represent breakdown of defective lipids. PMID- 7310480 TI - Myelinated perikarya and dendrites in lateral geniculate nucleus of adult cat following chronic cortical deafferentation. AB - Chronic (one year) cortical deafferentation resulted in the appearance of myelinated neuronal perikarya and dendritic processes in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat. Four per cent of all nerve cell bodies, both large and small, were observed to be covered partially or totally by compact myelin sheath. The myelination of the dendrites was confined to the most proximal portion of the processes. A comparison of the fine structural features of the myelinated cell bodies and dendrites with those from intact LGN indicate that both surviving projection neurons and local interneurons may become myelinated. It is suggested that the unorthodox myelination of nerve cell somata and dendrites is caused primarily by the massive deafferentation of the nucleus. This indicates a relationship between synaptic input and the process of myelination of the postsynaptic nerve cells. PMID- 7310478 TI - Genetically associated similarities and differences in the generation of neurons comprising an early developing reflex pathway in mouse spinal cord. AB - Tritiated thymidine autoradiography has been used to study the generation of lateral motor neurons (LMNs), association interneurons (ANs) and dorsal root ganglion cells (DRGNs) in the spinal cords of genetically diverse strains of mice. The neuronal populations analyzed in this study form an early developing reflex pathway and the ontogeny of this circuit exhibits genetically associated variability. The strains of mice used in this investigation have been shown to differ in the embryonic age at which forelimb reflex movements are first manifest and in the timing of synapse formation within the reflex pathway. A precocious development of these reflex traits occurs in strain C57BL/6J in comparison to embryos of intermediate (CBA/CaJ) and late developing (LP/J) strains. All three inbred strains show the same basic generation sequence for the neuronal populations comprising the forelimb reflex pathway. The generation of LMNs precedes that of ANs, and the generation of ANs, in turn, precedes that of DRGNs. Since this is the same sequence as that observed for the formation of synaptic junctions in all three strains, it is suggested that synaptogenic sequences in reflex circuits may be determined by the generation sequence of the component neuronal populations. Although the strains all exhibit the same basic sequence of neuronal generation, the temporal relationships of the generation of each cell population within this sequence show significant strain dependent variations. C57BL/6J displays a larger temporal separation between the generation of each cell type than LP/J, and CBA/CaJ is intermediate to the other two strains in this respect. The fact that this strain order is identical to that observed for the development of reflex traits suggests that genetically associated differences in the timing of neuronal birthdays within a common generation sequence may have a substantial influence on the timing of synaptogenesis within the reflex pathway. PMID- 7310481 TI - Serotoninergic axon terminals in the rat dorsal accessory olive: normal ultrastructure and light microscopic demonstration of regeneration after 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine lesioning. PMID- 7310482 TI - The concentration of choline into specific regions of the thoracic ganglion in B methylcholine fed houseflies. AB - When larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica, are reared on a diet in which most of the choline has been replaced by a choline analogue, B-methylcholine, the small amount of choline available to the insect is largely taken up into the nervous system where it is incorporated into phosphatidylcholine and acetylcholine. Using autoradiographic techniques it is shown that, in the thoracic ganglion, the phosphatidylcholine component of this preferentially accumulated choline is not evenly distributed throughout the tissue but that a well-defined pattern of patches of silver grains is found over certain areas of the neuropile. Underlying this pattern are axons and glial processes structurally indistinguishable from the axons and glia of adjacent areas which show a much lighter autoradiographic reaction. It is concluded that the axons which produce this high density of silver graining are cholinergic and have a high affinity for choline. PMID- 7310483 TI - A freeze-fracture study of synaptogenesis in the distal retina of larval Xenopus. AB - Synapse formation between photoreceptor, bipolar and horizontal cells of the larval Xenopus retina was studied by the freeze-fracture technique. Photoreceptors and horizontal cells were joined by ribbon synapses; photoreceptor and bipolar cells by basal junctions. Gap junctions were found between photoreceptors and between horizontal cells. Horizontal cell dendrites invaginated receptor bases before the plasma membrane of either cell showed zones of intramembrane (IMP) particle accumulation. Subsequently the receptor cell began to form a synaptic ridge where P-face IMPs aggregated at a protrusion of the surface membrane. The length of the ridge and the density of its IMPs increased between larval stages 40 and 56. Cross-fractured views of receptor cytoplasm at different larval stages showed that synaptic ribbons and synaptic vesicles developed in conjunction with the ridge. Plasmalemmal deformations suggesting sites of vesicle fusion or uptake were noted adjacent to the apex of the ridge. Horizontal cell dendritic membrane first accumulated P-face IMPs at several small regions; subsequently the IMPs became aligned over a broad membrane area. Both rod- and cone-related horizontal cell dendrites also manifested a loose patch of E-face IMPs which subsequently was transformed into a linear array. Basal junctions were characterized by a P-face IMP aggregate in the photoreceptor membrane and an E-face IMP aggregate in the bipolar cell membrane. Basal junctions appeared suddenly in a mature configuration at larval stage 42. PMID- 7310484 TI - Freeze-fracture ultrastructure of rat C.N.S. and P.N.S. nonmyelinated axolemma. AB - The axolemma of nonmyelinated fibres from the corpus callosum and cerebellar cortex (C.N.S.) and the vagus nerve (P.N.S.) was investigated with freeze fracture electron microscopy. The major observations of this study are as follows: (1) there is a highly asymmetrical distribution of intramembranous particles between the E- and P-fracture faces in both C.N.S. and P.N.S. fibres; (2) the total number of particles on the P-faces of all axonal types studied is considerably greater than that on the E-face; (3) the number of particles on the E-faces of C.N.S. axons is greater than that on the E-faces of P.N.S. axons; and (4) the percentage of large (greater than 9.6 nm) particles is greater on the E face than on the P-face regardless of the axon studied. The results are compared with previous freeze-fracture investigations on the nodal and intermodal membranes of myelinated fibres. PMID- 7310485 TI - The distribution of melanin in the developing optic cup and stalk and its relation to cellular degeneration. AB - The early distribution of melanin in the developing optic cup and stalk and its relationship to cellular degeneration have been studied during intrauterine development in hamsters, mice, ferrets, and humans. The extensive degenerative changes that occur in the region of the optic fissure do not involve any pigment bearing cells. Melanin is not formed at the site of the fissure until after the processes of fusion and the associated degenerative changes are complete. In contrast to this, there is a small region near the junction of the cup and stalk where melanin is particularly related to degenerative changes. Melanosomes form dense clumps associated with basophilic, apparently degenerate areas of cytoplasm, and these melanosome complexes themselves undergo further degenerative changes. The two types of degenerative changes, pigmented and unpigmented, are limited to the same two regions of the developing eye in all four species. However, the pigment degeneration is more extensive in ferrets and humans than in mice and hamsters. These observations raise the possibility that the lysis of melanosomes plays a significant but undefined local role in ocular development. PMID- 7310487 TI - Visual responses of single neurons in the caudal lateral pulvinar of the macaque monkey. AB - Single unit recordings were made in the portion of the lateral pulvinar which forms the lateral aspect of the caudal pole of the thalamus, i.e., PL gamma (Rezak, M., and L. A. Benevento (1977) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 3:573; Rezak, M. (1978) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 4: 642), of macaque monkeys. PL gamma receives convergent inputs from the occipital cortex and has strong reciprocal interconnections with the visual association cortex, including the inferotemporal cortex (areas 20 and 21). It was found the that PL gamma has a poor or nonexistent retinotopic organization. Many of the neurons had large, unflanked, overlapping receptive fields which often included the fovea. A few neurons could be influenced by a visual stimulus placed anywhere in the visual field described by a tangent screen. The receptive fields could be bilateral or located entirely within the contralateral or ipsilateral hemifields. The majority of units were binocular and exhibited various types of binocular interaction which could be quite complex. The binocular response was not predictable from the algebraic sum of the monocular responses and could be of the opposite sign (e.g., excitatory when the monocular response was inhibitory). Neurons which were also sensitive to the direction of movement of stimuli projected upon the tangent screen formed a major group. Of the units sensitive to tangentially moving stimuli, two special subgroups were found. One group of neurons gave sustained responses to static levels of luminance, while the other group was sensitive to simuli which moved toward or away from the eyes. The nonlinear rate of change of the apparent size of approaching or receding stimuli was described by a mathematical function which also describes the response of the neurons to the same stimuli. For many of these units which were sensitive to tangentially moving stimuli and one other class of stimuli, such as luminance levels of movement in depth, the responses to one class were seemingly unrelated to the responses to the other class. The same statement may be made for monocular and binocular responses. It may be, then, that different wiring diagrams describe these different types of inputs. These physiological results are discussed in terms of the inputs to PL gamma as well as its cortical targets. PMID- 7310486 TI - Cellular localization of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor. AB - In rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells treated with nerve growth factor (NGF), there are several molecular forms of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which sediment on sucrose density gradients at 4 to 6, 10, and 16 S, respectively. We have investigated the cellular localization of these forms in PC12 cells. In order to determine which forms are soluble and which are membrane bound, we extracted PC12 cells in buffers of various ionic strengths and detergent compositions. To distinguish internal from external forms of the enzyme, we examined the effect of di-isopropyl fluorophosphate and BW284c51 dibromide, membrane-permeable and -impermeable inhibitors of AChE, respectively, AChE forms in intact cells. We also determined the susceptibility of the forms in intact cells to collagenase treatment. Based on these studies, we conclude that the globular G1 and G2 (4 to 6 S) forms are internal and consist of both soluble and membrane-associated species. Thirty percent of the G4 (10 S) form is bound to cytoplasmic membrane structures, while the remainder occurs as an integral component of the plasma membrane. The asymmetric A12 (16 S) form is also a surface protein but is extracted by high salt without detergent and is released from intact cells by collagenase. This form thus contains a collagenous domain and is located outside of the plasma membrane, where it may be associated with an extracellular matrix. PMID- 7310488 TI - The induction of "stress" proteins in organ slices from brain, heart, and lung as a function of postnatal development. AB - The proteins synthesized in vitro by rat brain, heart, and lung slices were compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A protein, P71, which is related to one of the heat shock proteins induced in many cultured cells by hyperthermia and other harsh conditions, was the major protein synthesized by all slices from rats 3 weeks old and older. In vivo synthesis of P71 was not detected in brain, heart, or lung from these animals nor was there any detectable Coomassie brilliant blue-stained protein coinciding with P71 on the gels. P71 thus appears to be a minor protein species in normal unstressed brain, heart, and lung. While both heart and lung slices synthesized large quantities of P71 at all stages of postnatal development, brain slices synthesized little, if any, P71 until 3 weeks postnatal. There was a dramatic decrease in protein synthesis in all tissue slices during postnatal development. During this decrease, the relative abundance of newly synthesized P71 remained almost constant in heart and lung slices, but the relative abundance of P71 increased by approximately 50-fold in brain slices. The cells synthesizing P71 in brain slices were enriched in a microvascular fraction. The increase in P71 synthesis by these cells, occurring between the 3nd and 3rd postnatal week, coincides with the final maturation of brain capillaries and the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 7310490 TI - The role of extracranial carotid abnormalities in the genesis of cerebral aneurysms. AB - The incidence of extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) abnormalities, namely kinks, coils, and stenoses, was evaluated in a consecutive unselected series of 76 cases of single supratentorial saccular aneurysms submitted to bilateral carotid angiography. These patients were compared with a control group of 120 patients who had undergone either uni- or bilateral carotid angiography for causes other than cerebrovascular occlusive diseases or intracranial arterial aneurysms. Both groups had a total of 152 angiograms. Extracranial carotid abnormalities were significantly higher in aneurysm patients (p less than 0.001). Arterial kinks and coils were seen on 42 of 152 angiograms in the saccular aneurysm group and 17 of 152 in the control group (p less than 0.001); however, there was no significant difference regarding ICA stenoses (0.16 greater than p greater than 0.15). In the 76 aneurysm patients, abnormalities were mostly either located or more pronounced on the side opposite the aneurysm (in 22 as opposed to 11 on the same side, p less than 0.004). It is suggested that extracranial ICA anomalies have a role in the pathogenesis of intracranial arterial aneurysms, possibly by increasing the hemodynamic stress on the side opposite to the carotid lesion. The combination of the hydrodynamic theory, suggested by the present study, with other possible factors, might lead to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying development of human cerebral arterial aneurysms. PMID- 7310489 TI - Characterization of abnormalities in the visual system of the mutant mouse pearl. AB - Mice of the mutant strain pearl (pe/pe) differ from the wild strain by a single gene mutation, which leads to a lightening of the coat color. We tested this strain to see if this mutant gene also expressed itself in one or more visual abnormalities. Pearl mice were found to lack totally the optokinetic nystagmus reflex that was present in every normal mouse that we examined. This lack of optokinetic nystagmus was not due to oculomotor defects, since postrotatory nystagmus was normal. As described for other pigmentation mutants, we found that pearl mutants had a reduced ipsilateral projection to the lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, and visual cortex. We recorded from single cells in the superior colliculus and found response properties and light sensitivities to be normal over the luminance range at which optokinetic nystagmus was tested. However, at very dim backgrounds (scotopic levels), the incremental sensitivities of these cells in pearl mice were about 100 times lower than those of normal mice. This reduction in sensitivity was restricted to scotopic backgrounds and was not due to abnormalities in either the time course of dark adaptation or the receptive field sizes of single cells. In recordings of the electroretinographic response, both the waveforms and the normalized magnitudes of the A and B waves of pearl were indistinguishable from those of normal mice, which seems to indicate that the cause of pearl's sensitivity defect is located central to the main electrical events in the photoreceptors. The normality of many aspects of the visual system of pearl mice contrasts sharply with the complete absence of optokinetic nystagmus, with the reduced ipsilateral projection, and with the reduced dark sensitivity of the cells in the superior colliculus. PMID- 7310491 TI - Anastomosis between internal carotid artery and anterior cerebral artery with other anomalies of the circle of Willis in a fetal brain. AB - A rare vascular anomaly was found in a 21-week-old fetal brain. It consisted of an anastomotic loop between the internal carotid artery and the anterior cerebral artery. Other variations and anomalies were also found. Anomalies and variations of the circle of Willis are probably genetically determined and develop at an early embryonic stage. They are frequently found in association with other cerebrovascular diseases, such as aneurysms. PMID- 7310492 TI - Changes in extracellular potassium concentration in cortex and brain stem during the acute phase of experimental closed head injury. AB - A high potassium concentration ([K+]o) in brain tissue impedes neuronal activity, as observed in spreading cortical depression. Experimental studies were performed on mice and rats to determine the role of changes of [K+]o in cerebral concussion. In the first experiment, a 600 gm-cm impact was delivered to the vertex of the mouse skull. This impact induced arrest of spontaneous movement for 465 +/- 55.9 seconds (mean +/- SD), accompanied by apnea, bradycardia, and low voltage electroencephalographic recordings (EEG). The injury was also frequently followed immediately by epilepsy. This impact induced an increase of cortical [K+]o from the control level of 4.1 +/- 1.8 mM to 20-30 mM, with gradual recovery within 30 minutes to the control level. In the second experiment, an impact of 9000 gm-cm was delivered to the midline parieto-occipital area of the rat and produced concussion-like phenomena similar to those elicited in mice. This level of trauma induced a significant increase of cortical [K+]o from the control level of 4.2 +/- 0.8 mM to 20-50 mM in all of the rats, and also a significant increase of brain-stem [K+]o from 3.9 +/- 0.6 to 20-30 mM in 73% of the rats. In these latter rats, the impact also induced apnea and a transient elevation of blood pressure, and resulted in low-voltage EEG recordings. In 23% of the rats in which [K+]o changes in the brain stem were not significant, the impact caused a transient reduction of blood pressure. The present study disclosed that an increase of [K+]o in the cerebral cortex and also in the brain stem is an important element in the phenomenon of concussion. PMID- 7310493 TI - Hemostasis and computerized tomography in head injury. Their relationship to clinical features. AB - Coagulation studies (plasma fibrinogen, ethanol gelation test, and fibrin fibrinogen degradation product concentration) and computerized tomography (CT) scan examinations were performed in 55 patients with blunt head injury. The frequency of abnormalities in both coagulation study results and CT scans was higher in patients with severe clinical features and clinical course than in less severely injured patients; in these same patients the coagulation results were abnormal (64%) more frequently than the CT scans (40%). Very high fibrin fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) concentrations were found to be associated with combined hemorrhagic lesions and mass effect on CT scans, but not with a specific localization of brain-tissue damage. It was concluded that: 1) FDP concentration reflects the amount of brain-tissue damage rather than its location, and 2) in the absence of other possible causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation, coagulation studies may be more sensitive than CT scanning in demonstrating brain contusion. PMID- 7310494 TI - Oxygenated fluorocarbon perfusion as treatment of acute spinal cord compression injury in dogs. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the therapeutic value of subarachnoid perfusion of the traumatized dog spinal cord with the fluorocarbon, Fluosol-DA (20%). Control dogs without lesions, but which had durotomy, subarachnoid catheter placement, and saline irrigation for 4 hours, did not have any residual neurological deficit. A series of 41 dogs underwent an acute spinal cord compression using an epidural balloon inflated to a pressure of 160 mm Hg and maintained for 1 hour. Treatment included durotomy only (11 dogs), durotomy with saline perfusion at room temperature (15 dogs), and durotomy with oxygenated Fluosol-DA perfusion at room temperature (15 dogs). The dogs underwent daily grading of neurological status for a 60-day period. Dogs undergoing perfusion of the spinal cord with either saline or oxygenated Fluosol-DA had significantly improved motor recovery (p less than 0.004) compared with dogs undergoing durotomy only. Perfusion with oxygenated Fluosol-DA resulted in significantly better motor recovery (p less than 0.05) than did perfusion with normal saline. Microscopic examination of the traumatized spinal cords failed to reveal a substantial difference between the three groups. However, dogs with better functional results tended to have less destruction of the white matter. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the central gray matter was consistently observed in all traumatized spinal cords. PMID- 7310495 TI - Evoked somatosensory potentials to common peroneal nerve stimulation in man. AB - This study was undertaken to identify the normal somatosensory evoked potential pattern from stimulation of the common peroneal nerve in order to provide basic data for clinical use in diagnosis and management of patients with spinal cord lesions. Thirty-four adult volunteers, free of neurological disease, and 12 patients were tested. The recording technique is described and is similar to that reported by Perot. The primary evoked response (P1) was easily visualized in 88% of the recordings from normal subjects. The peak latency of the primary response was 38.9 msec, and the deflection was positive. A vertex potential (P4) was a relatively consistent peak that appeared at approximately 240 msec in 78% of the subjects. Additional components of the waveform are also described and are compared to previous studies. Clinically, the presence of primary response seems to correlate with a favorable neurological outcome, and recovery of the primary response may precede major clinical improvement. The literature is reviewed and results compared to the current study. PMID- 7310496 TI - High-dose cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for recurrent CNS tumors in children. AB - A Phase Ii chemotherapy trial was conducted in 18 children with recurrent brain tumors, using high doses (80 mg/kg or greater) of intravenous cyclophosphamide cyclophosphamide. All eight patients with medulloblastomas responded; two patients with systemic metastases had complete responses and six others had partial responses. In seven patients with gliomas, there were one complete and four partial responses. In a third group, all three patients with intracranial germ-cell tumors had partial responses. The overall response rate was, therefore, 89% (16 of 18 patients), and the mean duration of response was 7 months (range 2 to 24 or more months). The hematological toxicity was considerable, with two deaths possibly related to chemotherapy: one patient, a recipient of unirradiated packed cells, died from a graft versus host reaction, and the other died from an intracranial hemorrhage during a thrombocytopenic episode. Four patients had prior chemotherapy, and 10 patients had prior neuraxis radiation therapy. These patients tolerated aggressive chemotherapy reasonably well. The results are sufficiently encouraging to justify a Phase III trial in patients with newly diagnosed disease. PMID- 7310497 TI - A study of glucocorticoid receptors in intracranial tumors. AB - Tissue samples from 20 patients with various intracranial tumors and one case of cerebral contusion were analyzed for the cytosolic glucocorticoid-receptor concentration using isoelectric focusing in slabs of polyacrylamide gel. It is pointed out that the clinical response to dexamethasone in brain edema associated with various intracranial lesions is, to some extent, parallel to the glucocorticoid-receptor concentration in these tumors. The findings in this investigation suggest that the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor might be responsible for the initiation of a series of biochemical effects of steroids affecting brain edema. It is possible that the first step in eliciting a beneficial clinical response to dexamethasone in patients with brain tumors is the formation of a steroid-receptor complex in the peripheral parts of the tumor. PMID- 7310498 TI - "Subacute" postoperative subdural empyema. AB - Although subdural empyema (SDE) has long been a recognized postoperative complication, little has been written to suggest that SDE's following operative procedures are different from those occurring in patients who have not had previous surgery. Four cases of postoperative SDE are reported which seem to have several distinguishing features and are grouped under the title of "subacute" subdural empyemas. These include: occurrence in a previous craniotomy site, a prolonged course, the insidious onset of symptoms, and the absence of signs of constitutional illness. The presence of an inner subdural membrane which limits the size of the empyema and separates it from the underlying brain is thought to be the reason for the relatively benign nature of the presenting symptoms and the extremely good prognosis. Computerized tomography scanning was not able to provide a preoperative diagnosis of empyema in any case. PMID- 7310499 TI - External ventricular drainage for control of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants. AB - Over a 3-year period, 11 premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus were managed initially with prolong external ventricular drainage via a subcutaneously tunneled catheter. The mean duration of drainage for this group was 20.7 days. Although two patients died before shunting was considered, no morbidity or mortality was observed to result from this technique. Seven patients required a shunt after stabilization of their medical problems. Two patients, followed for 24 and 40 months, have not required shunting procedures. External ventricular drainage via a subcutaneously tunneled catheter has been found to be a safe and reliable initial method of treating posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants. PMID- 7310500 TI - Prostaglandin metabolism in experimental cerebral vasospasm. AB - Experimental cerebral vasospasm was produced in the canine basilar artery by an intracisternal injection of fresh autogenous arterial blood, and prostaglandins generated in spastic and nonspastic arteries were assessed by thin-layer chromatography. Prostaglandins synthesized in normal arteries were 6-keto prostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and PGD2; 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was the most abundant prostaglandin. The study of platelet aggregation suggested that prostacyclin (PGI2)-like activity was manufactured by the normal basilar artery. At 5 minutes after the intracisternal blood injection, no significant changes were evident in syntheses of prostaglandins generated by spastic artery. However, PGE2 synthesis was significantly increased in spastic artery 2 days after the intracisternal blood injection, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha synthesis and PGE2 synthesis were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in spastic artery 6 days after the intracisternal blood injection. No significant changes were found in syntheses of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, and PGE2 manufactured by nonspastic arteries at any stage. Formation of thromboxane B2 was not detected in normal, spastic, or nonspastic arteries. PMID- 7310501 TI - Hydrocephalus in cerebral cysticercosis. Pathogenic and therapeutic considerations. AB - The cases of 11 patients with hydrocephalus secondary to cerebral cysticercosis are analyzed. Most of the patients had suffered from epilepsy before they developed hydrocephalic symptoms, and computerized tomography showed that infestation of the parenchyma coexisted with ventricular or cisternal colonization. In four cases, the parasitic vesicles compromised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the ventricular system, resulting in internal hydrocephalus. Communicating hydrocephalus, caused by the presence of Cysticercus larvae in the basal cisterns (Cysticercus racemosus), or by the occurrence of a chronic basal meningitis, or both, developed in seven more patients. Changes in CSF pressure were related to the number and location of the cysts and to the leptomeningeal inflammatory reactions evoked by them. The majority of patients presented with a chronic and relatively normotensive hydrocephalus. All patients except one had identifiable ventricular or cisternal Cysticercus larvae; these patients were treated with open removal of the cysts, and did well. However, most of them had impairment of CSF flow through the basal cisterns and required permanent CSF shunting. Communicating hydrocephalus due to leptomeningeal scarring was also successfully managed with extracranial shunting. Epilepsy was controlled with anticonvulsant therapy. Although good lasting results may be obtained with aggressive treatment of neurocysticercosis, patients are liable to relapse because surgery is only palliative in most instances. PMID- 7310502 TI - Brain abscess: a review of 400 cases. AB - The author reviews 400 cases of brain abscess treated in China over 20 years. The commonest cause was chronic ear infection, with abscesses in the temporal lobe and cerebellum. Signs of increased intracranial pressure were present in most cases, localizing neurological signs in two-thirds, and clinical signs of infection in only 57%. The difficulties of early diagnosis may be considerable. Definitive diagnosis was dictated by the techniques available: when clinical features and ultrasound indicated a localized abscess, a burr hole and exploratory aspiration were used; otherwise, and in complicated cases, angiography or ventriculography were required. Antibiotics were given in full doses for an extended period. Aspiration was the initial treatment in 253 cases, with 22% mortality. Excision was the sole treatment in 128 patients, of whom 17.2% died. A further 76 patients underwent aspiration followed by excision; 25% of these patients died. There was no significant difference in mortality in these treatment groups. The most important predictor of outcome was the patient's condition when first seen. In 103 cases, signs of brain herniation were present; the mortality was 64% in these patients. In the 297 without herniation, mortality was only 8.4%. Early referral for specialist care, computerized tomography, correct choice and dosage of antibiotics, and the surgical methods in present use should make this a benign disease. PMID- 7310503 TI - Detection of skull expansion with increased intracranial pressure. PMID- 7310504 TI - Giant traumatic false aneurysm of the internal carotid artery associated with a carotid-cavernous fistula. Case report. AB - A case of giant traumatic false aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) with a concomitant carotid-cavernous fistula is reported. The fistula and the aneurysm persisted after ipsilateral cervical ICA ligation was performed elsewhere. Successful obliteration of the aneurysm and the fistula, with preservation of cross filling of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery system, was accomplished by ligation of the intracranial ICA proximal to the origin of the posterior communicating artery with a 7-0 prolene suture, followed by transaneurysmal packing of the fistula. PMID- 7310505 TI - Pathology of arteriovenous malformations embolized with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate). Report of two cases. AB - There is controversy as to the possible toxic effects of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (bucrylate) when this substance is used for purposes of therapeutic embolization. Two cases are presented in which cerebral arteriovenous malformations were resected, one 42 days and the other a year after bucrylate embolization. In both, pathological examination revealed a brisk intimal foreign-body giant-cell reaction wherever bucrylate was present in a vessel, along with chronic inflammation in the vessel walls and adjacent brain parenchyma. The findings are discussed in the light of other observations on the histotoxicity of bucrylate. PMID- 7310506 TI - Transient encephalopathy and asterixis following metrizamide myelography. Case report. AB - A case is presented in which cervicolumbar myelography with metrizamide was followed by transient encephalopathy and asterixis. Metabolic etiology was excluded. A large degree of intracranial penetration of metrizamide was demonstrated by computerized tomography. Residual symptoms persisted for 10 days. PMID- 7310507 TI - Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow by persistent epitrochleoanconeus muscle. Case report. PMID- 7310508 TI - Fibrous ankylosis of the mandible following frontotemporal craniotomy. Case report. PMID- 7310509 TI - Symptomatic subependymoma of the fourth ventricle. Case report. AB - Symptomatic subependymomas of the fourth ventricle are rare and usually not included in the preoperative differential diagnosis of tumors in this region. The case of a 63-year-old man with fourth ventricle subependymoma is described. For several years he had suffered with nausea and vomiting, and now presented signs of direct involvement of the posterior fossa. He was investigated preoperatively with computerized tomography, but the ultimate diagnosis was not suspected at that time. The tumor was diagnosed as an subependymoma at operation and was totally excised. This tumor type can easily be recognized on intraoperative frozen section, and its diagnosis should always lead to an attempt at complete surgical removal. PMID- 7310510 TI - Recurrent osteoma overlying cranioplasty. Case report. PMID- 7310511 TI - Modified skull tongs for cervical traction. Technical note. PMID- 7310512 TI - Middle fossa arachnoid cysts. PMID- 7310513 TI - Significance of extrathyroidal uptake of Tc-99m and I-123 in the thyroid scan: concise communication. AB - Areas of extrathyroidal uptake were noted on thyroid scans obtained with Tc-99m and I-123 in five subjects. Four of them had palpable lymph nodes corresponding to the extrathyroidal uptake. All the palpable nodes that showed radionuclide uptake contained metastatic thyroid carcinoma, with predominantly well differentiated follicular cells. Extrathyroidal areas of uptake on a routine thyroid scan with pertechnetate and/or radioiodine most probably indicate thyroid carcinoma with regional metastases. PMID- 7310514 TI - Ventilation-perfusion mismatch due to obstruction of pulmonary vein. AB - A lobar perfusion defect in the presence of a normal arterial phase in the pulmonary angiogram may be due to stasis secondary to compression of a pulmonary vein by a hilar or perihilar mass. In this report we present a patient with metastasis to the right lung and hilum by malignant melanoma. A lobar perfusion defect was present in an area of lung tht appeared normal by radiograph. This defect was shown to be due to stagnating blood flow reflected by delayed intense capillary phase in that lobe and late opacification of the corresponding draining vein. PMID- 7310515 TI - A measure of Anger-camera linearity: results with and without a corrector. AB - A method for measuring the X and Y linearity of an Anger camera coupled to a computer is presented. It has similarities to, and differences from, the method recommended by the National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA). Test images are taken through a lead plate with parallel and equally spaced slots, and the locations of the lines in the images are fitted by least-squares with an equation that allows for slight misalignment. Discrepancies from the fit are calculated and displayed as a distribution over the camera field. The maximum and average discrepancies are tabulated. The field of view that is of interest is selectable within the analysis program. Among four large-field-of-view uncorrected cameras, three 37-tube types (two measured using Tc-99m and one with Au-195) show a similar degree of nonlinearity. However, the maximum and average discrepancies from linearity for a 61-tube prototype camera, measured using Tc 99m over a 15-in. field of view, are 40% of those for the other three. For the four cameras, an event-shifting on-line corrector with best-case sampling improves linearity by an average factor of 5.5, including both 15-and 11.25-in. fields of view. PMID- 7310516 TI - Quality control of scintillation cameras using a minicomputer. AB - A minicomputer-based technique compiles objective indicators of scintigraphic system performance. The evaluation begins with the acquisition of a single image of an orthogonal hole pattern from which quantitative and regional measurements of point-source sensitivity, spatial resolution, and spatial linearity are derived. Two computer programs offer the user different but complementary features. The first program is the basis of an evaluation performed by a technologist for purposes of quality control. Operator intervention is minimal, and the entire protocol, including data acquisition and processing, can be completed in 20 min. The results are automatically compiled and displayed as graphs showing 100 consecutive sets of daily performance measurements. A second computer program is designed as an interactive diagnostic and research tool to display measurements as histograms and functional images. The operator can use the program to determine the quantitative and spatial characteristics of the system's intrinsic performance measurements made during the quality-control evaluations. PMID- 7310518 TI - Recommended methods for the measurement of vitamin B 12 absorption. International Committee for Standardization in Hematology. PMID- 7310517 TI - An inexpensive auxiliary display station for a nuclear medicine computer system. PMID- 7310519 TI - Re: "abnormal" response of ejection fraction caused by region-of-interest selection. PMID- 7310520 TI - Re: evaluation of adrenal scintigraphy in hyperandrogenism. PMID- 7310521 TI - Prostatic metastases masquerading as an iliac artery aneurysm on radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7310522 TI - Components of professional competence of nuclear medicine physicians. PMID- 7310523 TI - External quality control for T3 and T4 assays in Italy: outline of the scheme and results of the first semester experience. PMID- 7310524 TI - Parathyroid scintigraphy with 131Cs and 201Tl. PMID- 7310525 TI - Normal values for serum ferritin in infants and children using a new radioimmunoassay system utilizing a solid-phase second antibody (lyso-phase). PMID- 7310526 TI - Preparation of radioiodothyronines for tracer turnover studies in man. PMID- 7310527 TI - Radioimmunoassay of thyroglobulin in human serum: concentrations in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid disease. PMID- 7310528 TI - The significance of tumor marker assay in the staging of breast cancer. Assessment of ferritin and beta-HCG levels. PMID- 7310529 TI - Sulphated proteoglycan synthesis by rheumatoid synovial membrane and rheumatoid synovial tissue cells in culture: an autoradiographic study. PMID- 7310530 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay for cholic and chenodeoxycholic conjugates using 125I tracers. PMID- 7310531 TI - Effect of maternal dietary restriction on fetal growth and placental transfer of alpha-amino isobutyric acid in rats. AB - Maternal net weight gain, plasma clearance, and placental and fetal accumulation of I.V. administered 14C-alpha amino isobutyric acid (AIB) on day 20 of gestation were measured in pregnant rats: 1) fed ad libitum throughout gestation (Control), 2) fed 50% of the normal daily food intake during the last week of gestation (catabolic phase), and 3) fed 50% of the normal daily food intake throughout gestation. Dietary restriction during the catabolic phase only resulted in a loss of 54% of the net maternal weight gained during the first two weeks of gestation, while dietary restriction throughout gestation resulted in a net loss of 5.4% of the dams prepregnant weight. Both dietary regimens caused significant growth retardation of the fetus. Maternal plasma clearance of AIB was rapid and occurred at the same rate in all three groups. Placental accumulation and transfer of AIB to the fetus was reduced relative to the controls only in dams fed the restricted diet throughout gestation. Fetal to placental AIB concentration ratios were similar for each group indicting no difference in ability of placentas to release amino acid into the fetal circulation. The results indicate that mechanisms other than reduced nutrient transfer may be responsible for fetal growth retardation induced by maternal malnutrition during the catabolic phase of pregnancy only. PMID- 7310532 TI - Influence of dietary cholesterol and fat on serum lipids in men. AB - The effect of changes in dietary cholesterol and fat on serum lipids was studied in 32 healthy men (mean age = 24.8 years). Subjects were fed a controlled diet for 10 days providing 42 to 45% of the total calories from fat, a P/S ratio of 0.3 to 0.5 and two eggs per day. During the next eight weeks, 16 subjects received each of the following diets for four weeks in a crossover design: 1) a control diet with two eggs per day or 2) the control diet with eggs replaced by a cholesterol-free egg substitute. The remaining 16 subjects received each of the following diets in a similar crossover design: 1) a modified-fat diet containing 35% of the total calories from fat, a P/S ratio greater than or equal to 1.0 and two eggs per day or 2) the same modified-fat diet with the egg substitute replacing the eggs. The two-week cycle of menus repeated throughout the study included a wide variety of foods commonly consumed in this country. Although the response of individual subjects varied, analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol related to replacement of eggs with the egg substitute and to modification in the type and amount of dietary fat. A significant diet-treatment interaction or sequencing effect was not found. Change in cholesterol intake related to addition or deletion of two eggs in the daily diet had no significant effect on serum triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, or relative lipoprotein concentrations. PMID- 7310533 TI - Bread (white and whole wheat) and nonfat dry milk as sources of bioavailable calcium for rats. AB - These studies examined the bioavailability of calcium in bread (white and whole wheat) and nonfat dry milk. Most of the calcium in breads originated from nonwheat sources such as yeast food, milk replacer (a whey-soy blend) and calcium propionate. Bioavailabilities were calculated by the slope ratio technique. Slopes were determined using increases (over calcium-free diet) in femur calcium content of rats fed calcium-containing diets plotted against their actual calcium intakes as the test criterion. Compared to calcium in calcium sulfate (considered as 100%), the bioavailability of calcium in milk was 113.3%, and that in white and whole wheat bread 99.4% and 104.4% respectively. Thus, calcium in bread appears readily available, but still somewhat less than that in milk. PMID- 7310534 TI - Vitamin K-dependent reactions in rat liver: role of flavoproteins. AB - The role of flavins in vitamin K function was assessed by examining blood coagulation and in vitro activities of hepatic vitamin K-dependent enzymes from control and riboflavin-deficient rats. One-stage prothrombin times and Factor VII activities were lower in flavin-deficient rats than in ad libitum or pair-fed controls. Fibrinogen, prothrombin, and Factor X activities were normal. Hepatic vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity was severely depressed in flavin deficient rats when assayed with [vitamin K + NADH] and somewhat depressed with reduced vitamin K (vitamin KH2) as substrate. One-hour flavin repletion appreciably restored [vitamin K + NADH]-dependent activity, but vitamin KH2 dependent activity was not restored even after 16 hours repletion. These results suggest that the carboxylating enzyme itself is not a flavoprotein, but that the microsomal NADH dehydrogenase required for [vitamin K + NADH]-dependent carboxylation is a flavoprotein. This dehydrogenase may differ from the cytosolic Warfarin-inhibitable 'DT-diaphorase' in that the activity of the latter, which is reduced 50% in flavin-deficient rats, is not at all restored by one-hour flavin repletion. Flavin status-dependent differences in NADH-dependent or vitamin KH2 dependent epoxidation of vitamin K paralleled differences in the carboxylase. Flavin deficiency had no effect on vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase activity nor on its inhibition by Warfarin. PMID- 7310537 TI - Intestinal synthesis and absorption of vitamin B-12 in channel catfish. AB - A feeding experiment conducted in a controlled environment and using a vitamin B12-deficient, but otherwise nutritionally complete, purified diet revealed that intestinal microorganisms in channel catfish synthesized approximately 1.4 ng of vitamin B12 per gram of bodyweight per day. Removal of cobalt from the diet or supplementation with an antibiotic (succinylsulfathiazole) significantly reduced the rate of intestinal synthesis and liver stores of vitamin B12. Radiolabeled vitamin B12 in the blood, liver, kidneys, and spleen of fish fed 60Co in the diet indicated that the intestinally synthesized vitamin was absorbed by the fish. The primary route of absorption was directly from the digestive tract into the blood because coprophagy was prevented in the rearing aquariums and the amount of vitamin B12 dissolved in the aquarium water was too low for gill absorption. Dietary supplementation of vitamin B12 was not necessary for normal growth and erythrocyte formation in channel catfish in a 24-week feeding period. A longer period, however, may have caused a vitamin deficiency since liver-stored vitamin B 12 decreased between the 2nd and 24th weeks. PMID- 7310535 TI - Alteration, by early underfeeding, of cellular multiplication and differentiation in the inguinal fat pads of rats. AB - The effect of litter size on the incorporation of labeled thymidine (TdR) into DNA was studied in the stromal and the adipocyte fractions of the rat inguinal tissue. In experiment 1 the animal were kept in litters of 18 (UF) or 6 (control) from birth till 10 days. They were injected with [2-14C] TdR at day 3 and killed at 60 minutes, 1, 3 and 7 days post-injection. In experiment 2, the pups were raised in litters of 18 during 3 (RF3), 6 (RF6) or 10 (RF10) days, and distributed again in litters of six. They were injected with [2-14C] TdR or [14CH3]TdR at the beginning of the refeeding and killed as described previously. In all experiments the weight of the inguinal tissue was more reduced than the total body weight. In the UF, the proliferation was markedly reduced in cellular fractions as was the differentiation of stromal cells into adipocytes from six days of underfeeding. In the RF3 and the RF6 there was an attempt to recover the cell number as suggested by the recycling of the degradation products of TdR for DNA synthesis. In the RF10, cell multiplication and differentiation were strongly affected by the length of the deprivation period. PMID- 7310536 TI - Sulfur amino acid requirements of immature Beagle dogs. AB - The methionine and total sulfur amino acid requirements of growing Beagle dogs were determined using diets containing purified L-amino acids as the sole nitrogen source. In the presence of 0.60% dietary L-cystine, optimal growth, feed efficiency, and nitrogen retention were attained in dogs fed diets containing 0.20% or more L-methionine. Two additional experiments revealed that maximal growth, feed efficiency, and nitrogen retention occurred in growing dogs fed diets containing 0.20% L-methionine and supplemented with 0.15% or more L cystine. Therefore, the total sulfur amino acid requirement was estimated to be 0.39% methionine. Cystine, on an isosulfurous basis could effectively supply up to approximately 50% of the total sulfur amino acid requirement. In crystalline amino acid diets, D-methionine, DL-methionine, N-acetyl-L-methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue were effective in replacing the L-methionine requirement of growing Beagles. N-acetyl-D-methionine, however, was not efficiently utilized as a substitute for dietary methionine. PMID- 7310538 TI - Effect of protein deficiency on the lysosomal enzyme activities of the spleen and thymus of weanling rats. AB - The effect of a low protein (4%) diet on the activity of the hydrolytic enzymes ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, acid and alkaline phosphatases, beta glucuronidase and lysozyme has been studied in the spleen and thymus of weanling Wistar rats. Experimentation was carried out over 20 and 30 days, and comparisons were made with well-nourished (12% protein) controls. Body weight decreased during the terminal period in protein-deficient animals (P less than 0.001). Spleen and thymus absolute net weights also dropped significantly (P less than 0.001). In terms of organ weight relative to body weight, there was a clear decrease in thymus compared with controls (P less than 0.001). Enzyme activities expressed per total organ fell significantly. Thus, in spleen at 20 days the decrease was maximum in ribonuclease activity (91.15%) and minimum in acid phosphatase activity (44.09%). Thymus decreases ranged from 83.60% activity in beta-glucuronidase and 93.56% in ribonuclease. At 30 days decreases were accentuated; the maximum value in spleen was 92.34% lysozyme and, in thymus, 97.09% acid phosphatase. A large increase in hydrolytic activity expressed per milligram of protein was registered, especially at 30 days. This increase reached a maximum of 78.08% beta-glucuronidase in thymus and a minimum of 56.1% alkaline phosphatase; acid phosphatase and ribonuclease activities were not modified. In spleen, however, acid phosphatase (34.00%), alkaline phosphatase (62.50%), deoxyribonuclease (39.25%), and beta-glucuronidase (36.01%) increased, but lysozyme and ribonuclease enzymes decreased. We concluded that a low protein diet increases catabolism in spleen and thymus through an enhancement of lysosomal hydrolase activities. PMID- 7310539 TI - Intestinal calcium transport: effect of cimetidine. AB - Recently cimetidine (Tagamet), a widely used drug for peptic ulcer disease, was found to decrease serum levels of calcium and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Since parathyroid hormone action is closely related to calcium homeostasis, we studied the effect of cimetidine on intestinal calcium transport. An in vivo perfusion technique was used for the study of net transport and lumen to mucosa flux of 45calcium. Our results indicate a significant decrease in net calcium transport and lumen to mucosa flux of 45calcium in the rats injected with cimetidine, compared to control rats. Direct addition of cimetidine to the perfusion solution did not alter transport rates significantly. The mechanism by which cimetidine affects calcium transport may be secondary to its effect on the release of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid gland or an effect on vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 7310540 TI - Effects of obesity, food restriction and pregnancy on fetal and maternal weight and on body composition in rats. AB - The effects of obesity and food restriction on fetal and maternal body weight and on maternal body composition were determined in pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Obesity was induced by several weeks of ad libitum feeding of a varied diet of retail food products which continued until experimental day 5 (gestational age in pregnant groups). From day 5 all groups were fed a standard diet. Ad libitum-fed obese pregnant rats gained less weight during pregnancy than non-obese rats. All rats which were 60% food restricted lost body weight. Weight loss in obese rats was due to loss of body fat whereas non-obese rats lost lean tissue as well. Obese pregnant rats ended the food restriction period 62 g heavier than non-obese restricted pregnant rats and had the same carcass weight and composition as ad libitum fed non-obese nonpregnant rats. Fetal and placental weight was reduced 25 percent by food restriction in obese as well as non-obese groups. These results indicate that during food restriction the fetal rat cannot parasitize maternal nutrient stores to prevent growth retardation, even if the mother is obese. PMID- 7310541 TI - Water-soluble fluorescent compounds in liver, lung, spleen, kidney, heart, and brain of vitamin E deficient and supplemented mice. AB - A systematic search was conducted to find fluorescent compounds in water-soluble mouse tissue extracts which may be related to dietary vitamin E. Female weanling mice were fed a vitamin E deficient or a vitamin E supplemented diet for 14 months. The lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and brain were homogenized and extracted with 2:1 chloroform:methanol and water. The water was lyophilized and the fluorescent compounds were separated by Sephadex G-15 or G-25 column chromatography. For each tissue, thorough excitation and emission spectra were determined for the eluting fractions, then the fluorescence of each fraction was measured at the resulting excitation and emission wavelength maxima. Up to four fluorescent water-soluble compounds responded to dietary vitamin E, depending on the tissue. Vitamin E in the diet led to the decreased accumulation of three of the fluorescent compounds, with excitation and emission wavelengths of: 275 nm/350 nm, 270 nm/310 nm, and 275 nm/350 nm. The fourth compound (320 nm/380 nm) is probably protected by vitamin E in the diet. PMID- 7310542 TI - Nutritional availability to rats of selenium in tuna, beef kidney, and wheat. AB - Weanling male rats were fed a selenium (Se)-deficient 40% Torula yeast diet for 4 weeks and were then continued on depletion for another 4 weeks or were repleted with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 ppm Se as sodium selenite or 0.2 ppm Se as tuna, beef kidney, or high-Se wheat. There were no significant differences in young red blood cell Se, unfractionated red blood cell Se, or liver Se levels in groups fed diets containing 0.2 ppm Se. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in young red blood cells was lower in the three groups fed food Se than in the group fed selenite (0.2 ppm Se). Young red blood cell GSH-Px was significantly lower in rats fed tuna than in rats fed wheat. Unfractionated red blood cell GSH-Px was lower in rats fed tuna than in rats fed selenite, but did not differ significantly among groups fed food Se sources. Liver GSH-Px was significantly lower in rats fed tuna than in rats fed kidney, wheat, or selenite. Availability of Se was only 54-58% as great from tuna as from selenite for induction of GSH-Px in liver and in red blood cell populations. Therefore, low availability of Se from fish may have to be considered when assessing Se status of human beings from dietary intake. PMID- 7310543 TI - Influence of dietary nitrogen intake on mammalian branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase activity. AB - Male albino rats (100-130 g) were fed diets of varying casein contents for a period of six days. Increasing the casein content from 0.38% to 22% led to an elevation of hepatic branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) activity. Km values measured with alpha-ketoisocaproate and alpha-ketoisovalerate as substrates were not influenced by the dietary treatment. Replacing the casein content (22%) of the diet by an equivalent amount of amino acids resulted in a significant decrease in hepatic BCKAD activity. The decrease in Vmax values was not accompanied by changes in Km-values. No enhancement of hepatic enzyme activity was observed when increasing the amino acid content of the diet from 17.5% to 25%. Changes in enzyme activity due to alterations of the dietary nitrogen source were not observed in kidney and brain. PMID- 7310544 TI - Response of glutathione peroxidase and catalase to excess dietary iron in rats. AB - Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities were evaluated during intake of excess dietary iron. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into seven dietary treatments. The treatments included three levels of dietary iron (35, 305, and 1255 ppm) plus deficiencies of Se or Se and vitamin E at the two high iron levels. Lipid peroxidation in liver and GSH-Px and catalase activities in erythrocytes and liver were measured. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in all high iron groups compared to controls. Total GSH-Px in erythrocytes and liver remained constant or decreased in animals receiving high iron, but non Se GSH-Px increased significantly in liver from rats fed high iron (305 ppm: 155% and 1255 ppm: 131%) and increased additionally in Se and vitamin E deficient groups. No differences in RBC catalase activity were observed. Liver catalase activity increased at least 72% during deficiencies of Se and vitamin E. In summary, GSH Px did not respond to increased oxidative stress associated with elevated dietary iron except for the non Se GSH-Px which accounts for a relatively small amount of total activity in liver. Catalase increased in liver only when GSH-Px and vitamin E are limiting. PMID- 7310545 TI - Influence of diet on amino acid absorption in beef cattle and sheep. AB - Six sheep and three steers were fed pelleted alfalfa hay prior to and during the first blood sampling period (BSP) and then switched to an 85% concentrate (HC) diet at least 28 days before a second BSP. Portal plasma flow rates were higher in steers than sheep (7.9 versus 5.0 liters/hr per kg0.75). With HC feeding, sheep and cattle had higher plasma femoral arterial concentrations of glycine and 3-methylhistidine and lower concentrations of valine and isoleucine than when fed hay. When fed HC diets, sheep, but not cattle, had lower glutamate and histidine and higher serine concentrations than when fed hay. Sheep had higher concentrations of aspartate, asparagine, threonine, glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, citrulline, arginine, lysine, 3-methylhistidine and histidine than cattle. Diet did not affect the portal venous-arterial concentration difference or the net portal amino acid appearance (NPAAA) rate of any of the amino acids in sheep or cattle. With sheep, there was a tendency for the NPAAA rate to be higher for all amino acids, except aspartate, with HC compared to hay feeding. Expressed on the basis of metabolic body size, NPAAA rate was qualitatively and quantitatively similar between sheep and cattle. PMID- 7310546 TI - Comparative measurement of zinc absorption in rats with stable isotope 70Zn and radioisotope 65Zn. AB - The use of stable isotopes in a study on zinc bioavailability was evaluated in rats by comparing the zinc absorption of a stable isotope 70Zn and a radioisotope 65Zn simultaneously. The rats of low zinc status were obtained by feeding 1.2% phytic acid from sodium phytate and 12 ppm zinc from zinc sulfate in a semipurified diet for 14 days. The rats were then randomly assigned into five groups of ten rats. The rats were intubated with a test diet mixture with a phytate:zinc molar ratio of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 along with one microCi of 65Zn and 0.02 mg of 70Zn in 2.5 ml of intubating solution. Four hours after the intubation, rats were allowed to consume the diets having the same phytate:zinc ratio as used for intubation ad libitum. Feces were collected every 24 hours for a total of 168 hours. The 65Zn and 70Zn content of diets and fecal samples were determined and the percent of zinc absorption was calculated. The results of this study indicated that the zinc absorption determined by these two isotopes were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient ratio of 0.914. PMID- 7310547 TI - Zinc binding ligands in milk: both arguments err seriously. PMID- 7310548 TI - Inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase and reactivation by histidine. AB - Histidine was found to be an activator of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase activity with a K1/2 value of 0.6 mM. Carnosine and anserine are also effective, but only at much higher concentrations. Hyperbolic kinetics with phosphoenolpyruvate of the enzyme were found in either the presence or absence of histidine. Of a number of divalent cations tested, only Zn2+ was found to be an effective inhibitor of enzyme activity at low concentrations. The kinetic data suggested that Zn2+ acted as inhibitor as well as activator for the enzyme activity; a high affinity binding site was associated with Ki of approximately 4.8 microM Zn2+ and a catalytic site was associated with Km of approximately 80 microM Zn2+ Zn2+, which is associated to a high affinity binding site of the enzyme, was removed by the addition of histidine with a K1/2 of approximately 0.6 mM. From these findings, histidine including anserine and carnosine in muscle may act as a chelating agent for the enzyme activity. PMID- 7310549 TI - Effect and fate of orally administered lactic acid in rats. AB - We investigated the effect and the fate of an extremely high amount of orally administered lactic acid in rats. The dosed amount of lactic acid, 390 mg per 200 g body weight (30 times higher than that normally detected in the stomach of rats), was determined from the results of observation of acute toxicity of lactic acid in rats. Six hours after the administration of excess lactic acid together with 10 muCi of L-[U-14C]Lactic acid and 10 muCi of D-[U-14C]lactic acid, rats were sacrificed and the pH of the blood, the amount of lactic acid in each organ, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and some other enzyme activities and incorporation of radioactivities in each fraction of certain organs were measured. The control rats were given the labeled lactic acid and the same volume of water in place of cold lactic acid. Significant decrease of blood pH (delta- pH = 0.14) and increase of blood lactic acid concentration (2-fold) were observed. However, these differences were no longer observed at 24hr after the administration. The amount of lactic acid degraded to expired CO2 was 42.4% in the experimental group, whereas it was 61.3% in the control group. Radioactivities incorporated into protein and lipid fractions in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, 3.8 and 4.9 times, respectively. It was suggested that an extremely high amount of orally administered lactic acid was utilized as an energy source, and that an excess of lactic acid was incorporated into protein and lipid in addition to degradation into CO2. PMID- 7310550 TI - Effect of quality and quantity of dietary protein on free amino acids in plasma and tissues of adult rats. PMID- 7310551 TI - Effects of dietary protein or amino acids in the perfusion medium on amino acid metabolism in perfused adult rat liver. AB - To elucidate the response of amino acid metabolism in the liver to dietary protein and plasma amino acids, the livers of adult rats fed on diet containing 10% (control) or 3% (low-protein) egg protein for 3 weeks were perfused for 120 min with amino acid-free medium in Experiment 1 or medium containing an amino acid mixture simulating that in plasma in Experiment 2. During perfusion about 40% of the free amino acids were lost from the liver in Exp. 1, and about 30% in Exp. 2. During this period, in Exp. 1 the releases of free amino acids and urea into the medium were 140 mumol and 2.52 mg, respectively, in the control group and 207 mumol and 1.10 mg respectively, in the low-protein group. Thus release was greater than decrease in free amino acids in the liver. Essential amino acids, particularly lysine and branched chain amino acids, were released preferentially. The results suggest that the amount of breakdown of liver protein in the two groups was similar, but that the nitrogen was mainly released as free amino acids in the low-protein group, and as urea in the control group. On the contrary, in Exp. 2 the amount of nitrogen released from the liver was comparable to the decrease in amino acids in the liver, and the releases of urea were also less, being 1.83 mg in the control group and 0.54 mg in low-protein group. The results show that amino acid metabolism in the liver is greatly affected by the nutritional state of the animal and the amino acid content of the perfusion fluid. PMID- 7310552 TI - Elevation of hemoglobin and work tolerance in iron-deficient subjects. AB - Selected parameters related to work tolerance were measured in 31 adult subjects with hemoglobin (Hb) concentration from 2.5 to 14.0 g/100 ml. Work tolerance was closely related to Hb concentration (r = 0.74) regardless of the adequacy of storage iron level. One male and six females with a mean Hb of 3.5 g/ml (27-55 years old) were studied before and 24h after transfusing 570ml of whole blood. The mean maximal work load tolerated increased 83% within 24h after transfusion in these seven subjects. Post-exercise venous blood lactate was markedly lower after transfusion. Work tolerance of these subjects within 24h after transfusion was the same as in other subjects who had had the equivalent Hb level as the post transfusion subjects presumably for at least several weeks. These data suggest that the decrement in work performance capacity in iron-deficient and anemic subjects is, in a large part, a reflection of the level of anemia rather than other non-Hb related biochemical changes that could accompany prolonged iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 7310553 TI - Work capacity after iron treatment as a function of hemoglobin and iron deficiency. AB - The relative importance of hemoglobin (Hb) and non-Hb iron for physical work capacity was studied in 45 adult male and female subjects, with a range of Hb and serum iron levels. Maximal work capacity, heart rate, venous blood lactate and serum protein were measured before and after 1 week of treatment with Imferon, i.v. Even though some non-Hb related effects on parameters indicative of maximal work capacity were found, the main factor was Hb related. Subjects with low Hb high serum iron worked longer than ones with low Hb-low iron. When work performed was similar, the marginal Hb-low iron group had a higher blood lactate concentration than the high Hb-high iron and marginal Hb-high iron groups. The coefficient of correlation between serum iron and post-exercise lactate levels was -0.41 (p less than 0.05). Even though neither of these groups showed a Hb response within 1 week of iron treatment, the initial low serum iron groups had significantly lower heart rates at a given work load relative to subjects with high iron but with a similar Hb level. This occurred both at rest and during light to heavy exercise. These results suggest that a rather rapid benefit of iron treatment is gained in iron-deficient subjects with severe and moderate anemia which cannot be accounted for by Hb changes. Although the primary factor which affects the physical work capacity of iron-deficient anemic subjects seems to be the Hb level, there also seems to be a significant non-Hb related effect of iron treatment as well. PMID- 7310554 TI - Effects of maternal nutrition on the development of rat offspring: the postnatal period. PMID- 7310555 TI - Surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas: early or late diagnosis and treatment? A preliminary study on 50 patients operated upon transsphenoidally according to Cushing, Guiot, and Hardy. PMID- 7310556 TI - Epistaxis in hospitalized patients. A study of a 3-year material from the Oslo population. PMID- 7310557 TI - Treatment of acute peripheral arterial occlusion. Results in 125 patients. PMID- 7310558 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in a medical intensive care unit during a 3 year period, 1977-79. PMID- 7310559 TI - A comparison between surface measurements and water displacement volumetry for the quantification of leg edema. PMID- 7310560 TI - [The 82nd Congress of the Japanese Society of Otolaryngology. Abstracts]. PMID- 7310561 TI - The present and future of otolaryngology in the United States. PMID- 7310562 TI - [Theoretical and clinical concepts of Meniere's disease]. PMID- 7310563 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of olfactory dysfunctions]. PMID- 7310564 TI - [A correlation between the sense of nasal obstruction and the value of nasal resistance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310565 TI - [Some consideration about progress of glottic carcinoma--relation between duration of hoarseness and tumor size (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310567 TI - [Statistic observations on Bell's palsy and Ramsay-Hunt's syndrome--investigation on clinical pictures and differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310566 TI - [Idiopathic laryngeal nerve palsy and prevalence of influenza (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310568 TI - [Incidence of chronic rhino-sinusitis in primary school children--a result of otorhinological mass survey (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310569 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on the development of the rabbit submandibular gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310570 TI - [An evaluation of ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310571 TI - [Hypertrophied tonsils and upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 7310572 TI - Fat accumulation in the rat heart during fasting. AB - Following a short period of fasting, with free access to water, lipid droplet accumulation (LDA) occurs in many glandular organs as well as in the heart of several species. The present work describes the changes in the hearts of male and female rats of different ages (6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks) deprived of food for 1, 2 and 3 days. LDA was demonstrated by staining with Oil Red O and a special "scoring" system was developed based on sections arbitrarily divided into five regions for each ventricle and two for each atrium. Three standard sections were studied from each heart. This system largely avoided problems arising from the uneven distribution of fats in different parts of the heart. In control animals very little fat was seen in any part of the heart. The pattern of changes was similar in males and females but the degree of LDA was usually much greater in the male. In both sexes LDA increased after 1 day and usually reached a peak by the second day, followed by a sharp decrease, returning to almost normal. However in both sexes the response in the 18-week-old animals was minimal, with no clear peak. The LDA was always maximal in the R ventricle, followed by the L ventricle. The heaviest deposition occurred in the superior parts of the ventricles, close to the atria. LDA was comparatively rare in the atria. Fat appeared to be retained longest in the most heavily loaded regions. Recovery from LDA was rapid, being almost complete 24 hr after returning to a normal diet. Again the most heavily loaded regions retained fat longest. These findings are discussed in related to possible anatomical factors such as the distribution of blood vessels. It is unlikely that such factors offer an adequate explanation abd it is suggested that since the uptake of fats into the heart is probably controlled by lipoprotein lipase the distribution of this enzyme in difference parts of the heart should be investigated. The histochemical changes are also discussed in relation to previous biochemical work. Finally it is pointed out that it is common procedure to fast experimental animals overnight and even such a brief period could bring about considerable histological and metabolic changes. PMID- 7310573 TI - Microfocal radiography in the quantitative assessment of experimentally induced inflammatory arthritis in guinea-pigs. AB - Microfocal projection radiography was used to examine a new model of experimentally induced inflammatory arthritis, developed at Roche Projects Ltd. The high resolution and magnification of the stereoprojection radiographs provided a non-destructive and three-dimensional assessment of the changes in the arthritic knee joints and enabled direct measurements to be made from the radiographs. During the time course study it was possible to quantify the increase in the size of the suprapatella bursa in the early stages of the inflammatory process, the onset and development of erosions in the articular bones and both juxta-articular and systemic osteoporosis. The results of the quantitative radiographic study when compared with standard arthritis assay techniques of knee diameter and flexion showed maximum damage when the latter were near normal. Histology confirmed the radiographic results, although, alone it did not contribute substantially to the assessment of the changes occurring in the diseased joints. The measurements from the projection radiographs showed that the destruction of the articular bone progressed rapidly subsequent to subperiosteal erosions and consequent invasion of pannus into the epiphyses. The rate and degree to which articular bone was destroyed was independent of the extent to which juxta-articular and systemic osteoporosis had developed. Microfocal projection radiography has considerable advantages over any other method in quantifying the changes in arthritic joints for evaluating the pathogenesis of the arthritis and in screening different compounds. PMID- 7310574 TI - Uric acid crystal-induced nephropathy: evidence for a specific renal lesion in a gouty family. AB - Gout is principally a disease of middle-aged men. There has been a lot of discussion over the cause of the renal lesion, whether it is age, hypertension or crystal induced, as single factors or in combination. We have recently been able to study renal biopsies from three related young women with an hereditary gout, and another girl with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal nephropathy. All were normotensive. These findings were compared with the findings of a crystal-induced nephropathy in pigs. In the renal biopsies many stages of acute and chronic nephritis were found which were similar to the crystal nephropathy in pigs. We concluded that the cause of the original lesion in the women was crystal deposition in the tubules, that crystals were not necessary to keep a non specific nephritis active and that age and hypertension need not be contributory factors. PMID- 7310575 TI - Salivary phenytoin concentrations. PMID- 7310576 TI - Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 7310578 TI - Long-term significance of bronchiolitis. PMID- 7310577 TI - False-positive sweat tests. PMID- 7310579 TI - Neonatal aortic thrombosis. PMID- 7310580 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the reserve bilirubin-binding capacity of albumin. PMID- 7310581 TI - Recurrent infections and delayed separation of the umbilical cord in an infant with abnormal phagocytic cell locomotion and oxidative response during particle phagocytosis. AB - An 18-month-old infant with delayed separation of the umbilical cord and severe recurrent bacterial infections since the newborn period was found to have depressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte locomotion and oxidative metabolic response to particulate stimuli. Both her polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes demonstrated a markedly delayed chemiluminescence response to zymosan, but there was a normal chemiluminescence response to soluble stimuli, phorbol myristate acetate and calcium ionophore A23187. The patient also had a marked delay in uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The patient's polymorphonuclear leukocytes were normal morphologically, and myeloperoxidase was present in histochemical stains. The dichotomy between normal oxidative response to soluble stimuli and abnormal response to opsonized particulate stimuli, plus abnormal cell locomotion and phagocytosis, suggest an abnormality of cell membrane fluidity or contractility. PMID- 7310582 TI - Measurement of ventilation in children using the respiratory inductive plethysmograph. AB - A new technique to measure ventilation, based on the separate contributions of rib cage and abdomen to tidal volume, the respiratory inductive plethysmograph was evaluated in 20 healthy children. The accuracy of the method was determined by simultaneously measuring tidal volume with a pneumotachograph in the standing, sitting, supine, left lateral decubitus, and prone postures. Comparison of these two techniques showed mean correlation coefficients greater than 0.96, mean slopes between 0.98 and 1.11, and mean SEE of less than 8% in all postures studied. Breathing through a mouthpiece connected to a pneumotachograph resulted in a substantial change in the pattern of breathing and a mean increase in tidal volume of 32% (P less than 0.05). In the standing and sitting postures, rib cage contribution to tidal volume was predominant (greater than 65%) whereas in the recumbent postures abdominal contribution was predominant (greater than 61%). We conclude that the RIP is an accurate means of measuring ventilation in children and that it avoids the artifacts caused by using a conventional respiratory measuring apparatus. PMID- 7310583 TI - Oral chloramphenicol therapy. PMID- 7310584 TI - Phototherapy: a new twist to bilirubin. PMID- 7310585 TI - Association between persistence of pneumococcal meningitis and dexamethasone administration. PMID- 7310586 TI - Femoral head necrosis in uremic children without steroid treatment or transplantation. PMID- 7310587 TI - Partial ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency simulating Reye syndrome. PMID- 7310588 TI - A syndrome of congenital hypoplasia of the alae nasi, situs inversus, and severe hypoproteinemia in two siblings. PMID- 7310589 TI - Racial differences in the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 7310590 TI - Is intensive care justified for infants weighing less than 801 gm at birth? AB - During 1974-1977, 158 infants of birth weights less than 801 gm were referred from outlying hospitals. The survival rate was 25% for the whole group and 35% for those weighing 700 to 800 gm. Many were in a poor condition on arrival. One hundred and nineteen died. The most common causes of death were intracranial hemorrhage (39), RDS (26), and infection (13). Thirty-seven of the 39 survivors were followed until 18 months postterm. Growth failure was common--57% were below the third percentile in weight, 37% in length, and 17% in head circumference. Three had retrolental fibroplasia. Five children (14%) had major neurologic sequelae. Eight were severely handicapped with a Bayley score of less than 70 and ten were moderately handicapped with a Bayley score between 70 and 84, resulting in a neurodevelopmental handicap rate of 49%. Significant factors correlating with survival and intact outcome were birth weight greater than or equal to 700 gm, gestation greater than or equal to 26 weeks, the absence of asphyxia, and good condition on arrival at the NICU. There was no intact survival below 700 gm birth weight. The handicap rate of survivors between 700 and 800 gm was only 39%. Although intensive care in a referral unit may not be justified for those less than 700 gm, every effort should be made in the care of those 700 to 800 gm. PMID- 7310591 TI - Effect of heat shielding on convective and evaporative heat losses and on radiant heat transfer in the premature infant. AB - Ten premature infants nursed on servocontrolled radiant warmer beds were studied in three environments designed to alter one or more factors affecting heat transfer (convection, evaporation, and radiation). In the control environment, infants were nursed supine on an open warmer bed. The second environment (walled chamber) was designed to reduce convection and evaporation by placing plastic walls circumferentially around the bed. In the third environment convection and evaporation were minimized by covering infants with a plastic blanket. Air turbulence, insensible water loss, and radiant warmer power were measured in each environment. There was a significant reduction in mean air velocity in the walled chamber and under the plastic blanket when compared to the control environment. A parallel decrease in insensible water loss occurred. In contrast, radiant power demand was the same for control and walled environments, but decreased significantly when infants were covered by the plastic blanket. This study suggests that convection is an important factor influencing evaporation in neonates nursed under radiant warmers. The thin plastic blanket was the most effective shield, significantly reducing radiant power demand. PMID- 7310592 TI - The failure of phototherapy to reduce plasma bilirubin levels in the bile duct ligated rat. PMID- 7310593 TI - Relative bioavailability of intravenous chloramphenicol succinate and oral chloramphenicol palmitate in infants and children. AB - The relative bioavailability of intravenously administered chloramphenicol succinate and orally administered chloramphenicol palmitate was compared in 18 children, age 2 months to 14 years. The area under the serum concentration vs time curve of chloramphenicol and urinary excretion of chloramphenicol succinate were determined in each child under steady-state conditions while receiving chloramphenicol succinate and again while receiving chloramphenicol palmitate. The mean AUC was significantly greater during oral therapy compared to intravenous therapy (110 vs 78 mg hr/L, P less than 0.001). The relative bioavailability of chloramphenicol succinate was 70% compared to chloramphenicol palmitate. This could be explained by the mean loss of 36% of the intravenous dose in the urine as unhydrolyzed chloramphenicol succinate. The intravenous dose of chloramphenicol succinate did not correlate with AUC (r = 0.193). However, there was a significant correlation between the oral dose of chloramphenicol palmitate and AUC (r = 0.429, P = 0.025). The bioavailability of orally administered chloramphenicol palmitate is superior to that of chloramphenicol succinate given intravenously. Furthermore, there is a greater correlation between dose and amount of active drug in the body when the oral preparation is used. Oral administration of chloramphenicol palmitate appears to offer significant therapeutic advantages in patients who can tolerate medication given orally. PMID- 7310594 TI - The efficacy of caffeine in the treatment of recurrent idiopathic apnea in premature infants. AB - This prospective controlled study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of caffeine in treating recurrent idiopathic apnea in the premature infant. Eighteen preterm infants (29 to 35 weeks' gestation) were studied. Recordings during the first 24 hours and on the fifth day of caffeine treatment showed a significant decrease of severe apnea (P less than 0.01) and of mild apnea (P less than 0.001) in the treated group (group 1) as compared with the control group (group II). No treatment of apnea other than caffeine was required in group I, whereas six neonates in group II had such severe and frequent apneic episodes for more than 48 hours that withholding additional treatment was believed to be unethical. No undesirable side effects of caffeine treatment were observed. PMID- 7310595 TI - The newly abbreviated and revised Denver Developmental Screening Test. PMID- 7310596 TI - Reappraisal of endorectal pull-through procedure. II. Animal experiment. AB - Anorectal manometry and pelvic histology following endorectal pull-through and simple abdominoperineal pull-through procedures were studied experimentally in dogs. dogs that had undergone endorectal pull-through preserved normal resting pressure of the anal canal, rectoanal reflex response, and intact perirectal anatomy. Dogs that had simple abdominoperineal pull-through, on the other hand, showed low anal canal pressure, loss of rectoanal reflex, and damage of the pelvic muscles. good continence following endorectal pull-through operation was supported by these physiologic and anatomic studies. PMID- 7310597 TI - The manometric evaluation of the rectosphincteric reflex in total colonic aganglionosis. AB - The manometric assessment of rectosphincteric function in 33 patients with histologically proven aganglionosis is reviewed. The age of the patient at first assessment and the presence of total colonic aganglionosis influenced the results obtained. Overall, a 67% accuracy rate was achieved at first assessment. This rate fell to 43% when the test was carried out during the first 7 days of life. Six cases had total colonic aganglionosis. In only a single patient of this group was the first test result positive for aganglionosis. Attention is drawn to this finding. PMID- 7310598 TI - Blunt renal trauma in the pediatric patient. AB - Injury to the kidney from blunt trauma occurs rather frequently in the active, pediatric patient. Early evaluation and treatment of these children is essential in order to preserve maximum renal function. Ninety cases of pediatric renal trauma from blunt injury have been reviewed. The majority of these responded well to careful conservative, non-operative management. Many of those requiring surgical intervention responded well to initial conservative treatment followed by surgical intervention conducted as an elective procedure within the first week after injury. Five case reports with associated radiographic studies are presented. PMID- 7310599 TI - A new and simplified method for concealing the hypertrophied clitoris. AB - Current surgical procedures that are utilized in the management of patients with an enlarged clitoris are both complex and challenging. We report a new method of concealing the hypertrophied clitoris between the labia majora instead of resorting to the more difficult clitoral amputation or recession. This concealment of the clitoris is simple, may be done on an outpatient basis, and accomplishes the goal of creating normal-appearing female external genitalia. PMID- 7310600 TI - Richardson retractor for newborn surgery. PMID- 7310601 TI - Technetium-99m biliary imaging in pediatric surgical problems. AB - The results of scintigraphic imaging of the hepatobiliary system with 99mTc PIPIDA (IDA derivative p-isopropylacetanilidoiminodiacetic acid) in forty children are reported. 99mTc-PIPIDA imaging is a noninvasive, rapid, safe examination that provides both functional and anatomical information about the hepatobiliary system. Although interpretation is limited by elevated direct serum bilirubin, this agent allows diagnostic information to be obtained with direct serum bilirubin levels up to 8 mg/dl. PMID- 7310602 TI - Xeroradiographic evaluation of obstructive lesions of the larynx and trachea. AB - Xeroradiography is a useful technique to evaluate the larynx and trachea for masses, granulation tissue, and, in general, to separate normal from abnormal morphology. Because of the edge enhancement effect, there is more information on the xeroradiograph than on the conventional radiograph, but the radiation exposure is 8-10 times greater. Thus, xeroradiography should be reserved for the evaluation of the airway in a child with respiratory difficulty where conventional imaging modalities have been unsuccessful. PMID- 7310603 TI - The treatment of retained peripheral foreign bodies in the pediatric airway. AB - Aspiration of foreign bodies into the pediatric airway is a common surgical emergency condition. Once impacted into the peripheral airway, repeated attempts at removal may push these objects into segmental bronchi, causing endobronchial bleeding, and prolonged anesthesia time. In addition to standard endoscopic techniques, the use of fluoroscopy, endobronchial contrast material, topical vasoactive medications, and diverse retrieval instruments in eight such cases has avoided the need for either bronchotomy or segmental pulmonary resection. By using such supportive intraoperative techniques, the morbidity and mortality from impacted airway foreign bodies can be greatly reduced. PMID- 7310604 TI - Dose requirement of d-tubocurarine and metocurine used for chronic respiratory paralysis in neonates. AB - Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are being used with increasing frequency in neonatal intensive care units. However, information concerning the chronic use of these agents and their dose requirements of d-tubocurarine and metocurine in neonates in whom respiratory paralysis was used as an adjunct to mechanical ventilation. All infants with gestational age greater than or equal to 38 wk demonstrated a dramatic daily increase in dose requirement of metocurine during the initial 8 days. However, infants with gestational age greater than or equal to 33 wk did not demonstrate a statistically significant daily increase in dose requirement. The 4 infants who received metocurine for more than 10 days exhibited a plateau of the dose requirement after 8-10 days. In contrast to the infants receiving metocurine, infants who received d-tubocurarine did not demonstrate a significant change in daily dose requirement. Four infants who received metocurine and four who received d-tubocurarine had acute renal failure and were not included in the above analysis. These infants had a significantly decreased dose requirement compared to the expected dose requirement for infants of comparable gestational age. There was no relationship between the dose requirement and the pH, serum potassium, or the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 7310605 TI - Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: 1 30-year experience. AB - A retrospective analysis of 20 patient with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation admitted to the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles since 1948 is presented. Symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and methods of management are reviewed. Based on this experience, we consider this entity a surgical emergency in the neonatal period. Rapid diagnostic evaluation with abdominal and chest roentgenograms and upper gastrointestinal contrast studies is mandatory. Lobectomy is the procedure of choice since segmental resections led to increased complications and prolonged hospitalizations. PMID- 7310606 TI - Angiographic evaluation of neuroblastoma. PMID- 7310607 TI - The effect of partial splenectomy on experimental pneumococcal bacteremia in an animal model. AB - The effect of total and partial splenectomy on the blood stream clearance of type 23B Streptococcus pneumoniae was studied in chinchillas 2 wk and 2 mo following surgery to determine the amount of splenic tissue necessary for protection against overwhelming sepsis. Significantly more pneumococci were found in the blood of totally splenectomized chinchillas than in the blood of sham-operated animals throughout the 6-hr sampling period after intravenous inoculation of pneumococci. Animals that had two-thirds of their spleen removed demonstrated a significant delay in clearance of pneumococci compared with sham-operated and hemisplenectomized animals. The rate of pneumococcal clearance was similar for the sham-operated and the hemisplenectomized group, and was significantly prolonged but similar among totally splenectomized and two-thirds splenectomized animals. Pneumococcal opsonic activity was reduced only in the sera of totally splenectomized chinchillas 2 mo after surgery. There was no positive relationship between pneumococcal clearance and change in pneumococcal opsonic activity. These results suggest that the impaired clearance of circulating pneumococci in splenectomized animals is due to the loss of splenic reticuloendothelial cells as a mechanical filter, rather than deficient serum opsonic activity. There appears to be a critical splenic mass required for optimal bacterial clearance, and hemisplenectomy may protect against overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. PMID- 7310608 TI - Familial occurrence of accessory tragus. PMID- 7310609 TI - Another complication of continuous upper pouch suction in esophageal atresia. PMID- 7310610 TI - Tracheobronchial and pancreatic remnants causing esophageal stenosis. PMID- 7310611 TI - Chronic relapsing pancreatitis in childhood. AB - A case of idiopathic, chronic relapsing pancreatitis arising in childhood is presented and compared with the 12 previously reported cases. This entity is a rare cause of severe, recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. The diagnosis is suggested by elevated serum or urine amylase values or pancreatic calcifications. Ultrasound, computerized tomography, or as in this case, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can aid in the diagnosis. Surgery yields excellent results. PMID- 7310612 TI - Splenic flexure volvulus. PMID- 7310613 TI - Glucose malabsorption in Hirschprung's disease: a case report. PMID- 7310614 TI - Disseminated neonatal hemangiomatosis: successful hepatic resection with subsequent development of hydrocephalus. AB - This is a report of an infant with cutaneous hemangiomas who underwent successful resection of an extensive hemangioma of the liver as well as multiple intestinal hemangiomas. Later, he developed hydrocephalus due to a cerebellar cystic hemangioblastoma. This case documents the usefulness of cranial computed tomography (CCT) in determining the extent of involvement in disseminated neonatal hemangiomatosis. PMID- 7310615 TI - Neonatal death following in utero traumatic splenic rupture. AB - Perinatal death due to maternal injury is unusual unless associated with extensive maternal trauma or death. An unusual case of neonatal death due to in utero traumatic splenic rupture in the absence of significant maternal injury is presented. The case alerts physicians responsible for neonatal care to the existence of treatable causes of neonatal distress following maternal trauma. PMID- 7310616 TI - Approaches to the diagnosis of borderline conditions by use of psychological tests. AB - The use of psychological tests in the diagnosis of borderline conditions by application of five approaches to the test battery is illustrated on a patient who was diagnosed as borderline by the criteria of both Gunderson and Kernberg. These approaches in terms of (a) structural variables, (b) response to confrontation, (c) severity of illness, (d) symptom diagnosis, and (e) differential response to tests of varying structure, may be used to strengthen each other and to facilitate the diagnosis of borderline patients. PMID- 7310617 TI - Effect of test order on Rorschach human and movement responses. AB - Clinicians have traditionally tended to administer the Rorschach last in a test battery, despite some concern that projectives may be particularly susceptible to the influence of immediately preceding stimuli, including other tests. Research in this area has suffered from methodological problems and has produced equivocal results. In the present study the effect of administration of the Hand Test immediately before or immediately after the Rorschach was investigated. Each group consisted of 50 subjects, both children and adults, and matched for age, sex, IQ, examiner, and responsivity on the Rorschach. There were no significant differences on any of the Rorschach categories investigated between subjects who received the Rorschach first and those who received the Hand Test first. This suggests that the Rorschach may not be as susceptible to test order effects as some have feared. PMID- 7310618 TI - Predicting offspring vulnerability to psychopathology from parents' test data. AB - Interpretation of parents' psychological test data was used to predict vulnerability to psychopathology of male offspring ages 4, 7, and 10. Families were chosen for the study according to the previous psychiatric diagnosis of at least one parent. The prediction of procedure was styled after methods used in previous studies with adolescent and young adult offspring. Vulnerability was measured by a global rating score obtained from the Rochester Adaptive Behavior Inventory, a scale based on behavioral observations of the offspring's behavior. Evaluation of 11 families at each age level resulted in significantly accurate predictions at the 10-year-old level, but less than significantly accurate predictions at the 7- and 4-year-old levels. These findings have important implications for the family development of schizophrenia and related disorders. PMID- 7310619 TI - Clinical prediction of medical rehospitalization: psychological assessment with the Battery of Asthma Illness Behavior. AB - Psychomaintenance in chronic illness refers to the perpetuation of chronicity or the defeat of medical management because of psychological, as opposed to strictly physical, reasons. The Battery of Asthma Illness Behavior (BAIB) has been developed to assess psychomaintenace potentials among chronic asthmatics. In this study of 57 adult asthmatic patients, the clinical utility of the BAIB was assessed by having two psychologists predict the likelihood of rehospitalization within six months following intensive medical treatment. Independent, blind predictions using the BAIB, but in the absence of any demographic or medical information, enabled hit rates of 70% and 84% by te psychologists. Moreover, the predictions were independent of the objective severity of the patients' asthma, indicating that the clinical judgments were not merely readings of the patients' asthma severity on the basis of the BAIB scores. The need for rapid, clinical assessment of psychological factors maintaining chronic illness was discussed. PMID- 7310620 TI - Factor structure of the Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (FAM) in a psychiatric population. AB - Factor analysis of the Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI (FAM) identified factors of Absence of Distress, Depression, Low Morale, Feminine Interests, Somatization, and Extroversion. These results are consistent with previous MMPI factoranalytic studies, with the first factor being a reflected factor of major psychopathological disturbance. This reflected factor is explained as a function of the elimination of clinically invalid profiles from the analysis. Implications concerning standard profile selection procedures are discussed in light of these results. PMID- 7310621 TI - Reliability and validity of four anger scales. AB - To assess the test-retest reliability of four anger scales: the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), the Reaction Inventory (RI), the Anger Self Report (ASR), and the Anger Inventory (NI), 60 student volunteers were twice administered the four inventories (two weeks apart). They also filled out a Personal Incidents Record of all anger-provoking incidents for two weeks of their daily life, and participated in imaginal and role-play laboratory provocations, after which physiological readings and self-reports of anger arousal were assessed. The BDHI and RI evidenced good test-retest reliability, the ASR fair reliability, and the NI poor reliability. Many ASR subscales demonstrated good predictive validity. The RI and BDHI possessed some ability to predict the experience of anger, but most of the BDHI subscales did not seem to be measuring specific states or behavior. The NI did not correlate with any of the criterion measures. PMID- 7310622 TI - [Preoperative hand hygiene in hospital]. PMID- 7310624 TI - Assessing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents applied to living tissues. PMID- 7310623 TI - Disinfectants as an aid for good manufacturing practice in the pharmaceutical industry. PMID- 7310625 TI - [Biological analysis of Harpagophytum procumbens D.C. II. Pharmacological analysis of the effects of harpagoside, harpagide and harpagogenine on the isolated guinea-pig ileum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310627 TI - [Availability of phenobarbital from suppository form (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310628 TI - [Equipments and aqueous coating procedures with low viscosity HPMC at laboratory scale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310626 TI - [Comparative bioavailability of ampicillin after administration of two drug dosage forms (hard gelatin capsule and suspension) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310629 TI - Effects of atmospheric electricity on some substrates of disordered social behavior. AB - Epidemiological data indicate that increased small positive air ionization due to changing weather conditions is associated with increases in industrial and automobile accidents, suicide, and crime as well as depression, irritability, and interference with central nervous system (CNS) function. Laboratory research is less consistent, with several studies reporting no effects on mood or performance indicative of CNS disturbance. We have designed an experiment that begins to resolve these contradictory data by examining individual differences in response to small positive air ions. Analysis of these data indicates that whereas mood changes were present for most subjects when exposed to positive ions, assessment of individual differences in susceptibility was essential for detecting effects on performance and physiological activation. For most subjects, mood changes induced by ion exposure were characterized by increased tension and irritability. For susceptible (ion-sensitive) subjects, skin conductance measures showed depressed activation and reaction time increased during exposure to ions. For non sensitive subjects, skin conductance measures revealed increased activation, with no effects of ions on reaction time. PMID- 7310631 TI - An overview of a multifactor-system theory of personality and individual differences: III. Life span development and the heredity-environment issue. AB - In Part III of this three-part series on multifactor-system theory, multivariate, life-span development is approached from the standpoint of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the ontogenesis of factors in each of the six systems. The pattern of quantitative development (described via the Gompertz equation and three developmental parameters) involves growth, stability, and decline, and qualitative development involves changes in the organization of factors (e.g., factor differentiation and convergence). Hereditary and environmental sources of variation are analyzed via the factor gene model and the concept of heredity dominant factors, and the factor-learning model and environment-dominant factors. It is hypothesized that the sensory and motor systems are heredity dominant, that the style and value systems are environment dominant, and that the cognitive and affective systems are partially heredity dominant. PMID- 7310630 TI - Effects of social interaction and children's relative inputs on older women's psychological well-being. AB - This study examines the influence of social interaction and relative inputs of parent and children (as perceived by the other) on older women's social and psychological well-being and their satisfaction with their children. The sample consisted of 719 Anglo-American women between the ages of 60 and 75. Half of the women were widows and the other half were currently married and were living with a spouse. For each marital status group the sample was further stratified so that approximately half of the women selected were childless and half had living children. Multiple regression analysis of survey results revealed that contact with other relatives, friends, and associates was more important for older women's well-being than was contact with children and that well-being was enhanced by quality, as compared to quantity, of interaction. Perceived quality of child contact also appeared to be influenced by the women's perceptions of other social relationships. Weak support for equity theory explanations of relationship satisfaction was found: If children provided much better input to the relationship than did the parent, distress and dissatisfaction were likely to exist for the parent. Finally, whereas for women with children amount of interaction appeared unimportant (perhaps because most parents had a certain level of minimal contact with others), for childless women amount, as well as quality, of contact with others was positively related to well-being. PMID- 7310632 TI - [Studies on antihemorrhagic principles in the crude drugs for hemostatics. I. On hemostatic activities of the crude drugs for hemostatics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310634 TI - [Radioimmunoassay and mass fragmentographic determination of cyclazocine in human serum and urine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310633 TI - [The study of trace elements in organisms by neutron activation analysis. IV. The binding metal elements in cytosol proteins of normal and Cd injected rat liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310635 TI - [Antitumor activity of hot water extract of dandelion, Taraxacum officinale correlation between antitumor activity and timing of administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310636 TI - [Kinetic isotope effect on metabolism of deuterated aminopyrines (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310637 TI - [Effect of fluid volume on gastric emptying and gastro-intestinal absorption of thiopental-Na and aminopyrine in mouse (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310638 TI - [Biopharmaceutical studies of drugs. III. Serum concentration level of o ethoxybenzamide and N-(beta-hydroxybutyryl)-p-phenetidine after simultaneous administration to rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310639 TI - [Alteration of biogenic amines, serotonin, histamine and polyamines, in cases of diarrhea induced by sugar alcohols (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310641 TI - Pharmacokinetics of propranolol. AB - The pharmacokinetics of propranolol after the administration of 40, 80, and 120 mg p.o. and 10 mg i.v. was studied in nine healthy male volunteers. Propranolol was analyzed after extraction and derivatization by gas-liquid chromatography. A multiexponential curve-stripping program was used for the pharmacokinetic analysis. The volume of distribution was about 6 liters . kg-1, bioavailability around 25%, with a mean terminal half-life of 6 hr. There was no evidence of either dose dependent disposition kinetics or an oral threshold dose. A slight increase in urine volume was observed after propranolol administration. PMID- 7310640 TI - Dose dependent pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone in man. AB - Six healthy male volunteers were given 5, 20, and 50 mg of oral prednisone and 5, 20, and 400 mg doses of intravenous prednisolone. Plasma and urine concentrations of prednisone and prednisolone were determined by HPLC, and the binding of prednisolone to plasma proteins was measured by radioisotopic and equilibrium dialysis techniques. The pharmacokinetics of both oral prednisone and intravenous prednisolone were dose-dependent. The mean oral dose plasma clearances of prednisone ranged from 572 ml/min/1.73 m 2 for the 5 mg dose to 2271 ml/min/1.73 m 2 for the 50 mg dose. Changes in prednisone half-life were insignificant, but increases in the half-life of its metabolite were dose-dependent. The systemic plasma clearance of i.v. prednisolone was dose-dependent and increased from 111 to 194 ml/min/1.73 m 2 over the 5 to 40 mg i.v. dosage range. The steady-state volume of distribution also increased, but little change in mean transit time and half-life was found. The binding of prednisolone to plasma proteins was markedly concentration-dependent, and a two compartment, nonlinear equation was used to characterize the effective binding of prednisolone to transcortin and albumin. The apparent pharmacokinetic parameters of protein-free and transcortin-free prednisolone were relatively constant with dose. The interconversion of prednisone and prednisolone varied with time and dose, although prednisolone concentrations dominated by 4- to 10-fold over prednisone. In urine, 2-5% of either administered drug was excreted as prednisone and 11-24% as prednisolone. The apparent renal clearances of both steroids were also nonlinear and unrelated to protein binding. These studies indicate that the pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone are dose-dependent and that protein binding does not fully explain their apparent nonlinear distribution and disposition. PMID- 7310642 TI - Pharmacokinetics of bendroflumethiazide after low oral doses. AB - The pharmacokinetics of bendroflumethiazide after oral administration of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg were studied in nine healthy male volunteers. Bendroflumethiazide was analyzed by GLC after extractive alkylation. After the lowest dose, the plasma concentration, could be followed to 14 hr, and the data were adequately fitted by a one-compartment model; the half-life was 3.1 hr. After the 2.5 and 5.0 mg doses, the plasma concentration was followed for 24 hr, and the data were fitted by a two-compartment model with half-lives of 8.9 hr. The urinary sodium concentration was doubled after bendroflumethiazide intake, but the urinary potassium concentration remained almost constant. The renal clearance of bendroflumethiazide was around 30 ml . min-1. PMID- 7310643 TI - Effects of pH on the accumulation of sulfonamides by fish. AB - The pH of water affects the accumulation of weak electrolytes by fish in the water. However, the relationships among water pH, weak electrolyte pKa and the rate and extent of accumulation of the weak electrolyte are poorly characterized. To better define these relationships, goldfish were immersed for varying periods of time in solutions of sulfonamides that were buffered at pH values from 5.4 to 9.4. Sulfapyridine, sulfisomidine, and sulfadimethoxine were chosen for investigation, because their pKa's, 8.4, 7.4, and 5.9, respectively, bracketed the pH of fish body fluids. Each fish carcass was assayed for the amount of sulfonamide that had accumulated. Several pharmacokinetic models were used to analyze the data. The model that best described the accumulation of the sulfonamides represented the fish as a single compartment having an apparent volume of distribution (V) and clearance constants for absorption of both the nonionized (kHA) and ionized (kA) forms. Values of V were between 5 and 60% of the body weight of the fish. Values for kA were all approximately 0.2 microliters/min/g fish, while values of kHA were 3-100 times larger than the corresponding kA values. The kHA values correlated with the isoamyl acetate/water partition coefficients of the nonionized forms. The extent of accumulation of the sulfonamides showed two pH-independent regions, with the low pH having the greater accumulation. The pH midway between the two regions was equal to the pKa of the sulfonamide. The accumulation half-lives were 1.5-4.5 hr and independent of the pH of the water. PMID- 7310645 TI - Metabolite pharmacokinetics: the area under the curve of metabolite and the fractional rate of metabolism of a drug after different routes of administration for renally and hepatically cleared drugs and metabolites. AB - A model comprised of four compartments, a central and liver compartment for a drug, and a central and liver compartment for a metabolite, is presented to describe the interrelationships between the area under the curve of the metabolite and physiological parameters after intravenous and intraportal administration of the drug. The model includes renal and hepatic eliminatory mechanisms for both drug and metabolite as long as the metabolite is formed only by the liver. It is found that when competing renal eliminatory pathways exist for a drug, the area under the curve for the metabolite will change according to the route of drug administration. Also, the fractional rate of metabolism of a drug to form the metabolite will be underestimated by the normal use of the ratio areas under the curve of the metabolite. Other properties of the model are also discussed. PMID- 7310644 TI - Saturable kinetics of intravenous chlorothiazide in the rhesus monkey. AB - A range of bolus doses of 14C-chlorothiazide and unlabeled drug (6.7-30 mg/kg) were administered to each of three unanesthetized rhesus monkeys with and without concurrent probenecid dosing. Plasma up to 4 h and urine up to 24 h were sampled frequently. Apparent terminal plasma half-lives ranged from 18 to 25 min in the absence of probenecid. No apparent trend was noted for the volume of distribution of the central compartment calculated from estimated plasma concentrations at time zero. For chlorothiazide studies, an average of 92% of the dose was recovered in urine by 24 hr. Plasma and urinary clearances at low doses were 20 to 50% higher than those found with higher doses. These dose-dependent clearances for chlorothiazide were found at doses parallel to the most often prescribed clinical doses in humans on a g chlorothiazide per kg body weight basis. Clearances in the presence of probenecid decreased two- to four-fold over those seen without probenecid. Incremental renal clearances of chlorothiazide in the studies with and without probenecid were also evaluated. Curvilinear segments characteristic of dose-dependent kinetics were demonstrated in graphs of urinary excretion rate versus plasma concentrations. Values of Michaelis-Menten constants Vmax and Km were calculated for renal excretion of chlorothiazide by active transport after intravenous doses in all three monkeys. The contribution of glomerular filtration to chlorothiazide renal clearance was found to be negligible. Values of the constant KI (the concentration of the probenecid competitive inhibitor of chlorothiazide, which double the apparent Km value of chlorothiazide) were calculated using the previously calculated Vmax and Km values. PMID- 7310646 TI - Metabolite to parent drug concentration ratio as a function of parent drug extraction ratio: cases of nonportal route of administration. AB - The ratio of metabolite to parent drug concentration (Cm/Cp) of a medium or high extraction ratio (E greater than 0.1) drug administered intravenously has been shown to depend on intrinsic clearance of drug by other metabolic routes (CLr,int) as well as on organ blood flow (Q). In contrast, for a low extraction ratio drug given intravenously or for any drug given by a portal route, this ratio is equal to the ratio of formation clearance (CLf,int) and metabolite clearance (CLm,int). The sensitivity of Cm/Cp to changes in CLr,int and CLf,int has been analyzed quantitatively. It was shown to be dependent on the fraction metabolized to that particular metabolite (fm). PMID- 7310647 TI - The efficient use of NONLIN for unbalanced multiple dose data. AB - One of the uses of pharmacokinetic modeling is the fitting and prediction of blood levels after multiple dosing. The equations that govern this process are readily available for the case of equally spaced dosing intervals. For unequally spaced intervals, some rather inefficient methods have been suggested for use with NONLIN (1). This article shows how to implement parameter estimation and fitting of such data by means of NONLIN by summing the appropriate single-dose equations. PMID- 7310648 TI - Some suggestions for measuring predictive performance. AB - The performance of a prediction or measurement model is often evaluated by computing the correlation coefficient and/or the regression of predictions on true (reference) values. These provide, however, only a poor description of predictive performance. The mean square prediction error (precision) and the mean prediction error (bias) provide better descriptions of predictive performance. These quantities are easily computed, and can be used to compare prediction methods to absolute standards or to one another. The measures, however, are unreliable when the reference method is imprecise. The use of these measures is discussed and illustrated. PMID- 7310649 TI - N-hydroxymethyl derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles as possible prodrugs I: N hydroxymethylation of uracils. AB - Solid samples of 1,3-dihydroxymethyluracil, 3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyluracil, and 1 hydroxymethyl-3-methyluracil were prepared, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the formation of N hydroxymethylated uracils in aqueous formaldehyde solutions also were studied. The equilibrium constants for formation of N-1-hydroxymethyl derivatives were approximately twice those for formation of N-3-hydroxymethyl derivatives, and they were formed more rapidly throughout the pH 3--8 range. Substituents at C-5 of uracil had little effect on the thermodynamics of N-hydroxymethylation. The potential usefulness of N-hydroxymethyl compounds as prodrugs is discussed. PMID- 7310650 TI - N-hydroxymethyl derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles as possible prodrugs II: possible prodrugs of allopurinol, glutethimide, and phenobarbital. AB - Solid samples of 1-hydroxymethyl- and 1,5-dihydroxymethylallopurinol, 1 hydroxymethylglutethimide, and 1-hydroxymethylphenobarbital were prepared, and equilibrium constants for their formation from formaldehyde and allopurinol, glutethimide, or phenobarbital were calculated. The N-hydroxymethyl derivatives had higher water solubilities and faster dissolution rates than the parent drugs, and they appear to be potentially useful as prodrugs. PMID- 7310651 TI - Determination of oxfendazole in cow milk by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of oxfendazole in cow milk is described. Oxfendazole was extracted from milk using a mixture of acetone and chloroform under alkaline conditions. The solvents were evaporated, and the oily residue was purified by hexane acetonitrile partition and acid-base extraction. The residue obtained after cleanup was redissolved in methanol for chromatographic analysis. Chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase column with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. As low as 0.005 microgram of oxfendazole/g can be measured by this method using 50 g of milk. The method was applied to measure oxfendazole in the milk of a cow given an oral 5-mg/kg dose. PMID- 7310652 TI - GLC determination of itanoxone in biological fluids. AB - A sensitive and reliable method for the quantitative determination of itanoxone, 4-[4'-(2-chlorophenyl)phenyl]-4-oxo-2-methylenebutanoic acid, in biological fluids is described. A quantitative ethyl acetate extraction of the plasma samples is followed by reduction and methylation of itanoxone. Quantification is achieved by GLC using electron-capture detection and an internal standard. The minimum concentration of itanoxone detected in plasma is 0.1 microgram/ml. Recovery of the titrated compound added to human plasma averaged 100.9 +/- 2.92% (RSD). PMID- 7310653 TI - Urinary excretion of meperidine and its metabolites. AB - The urine of male and female mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and dogs, given meperidine hydrochloride, 20--40 mg/kg ip, was analyzed by GLC for meperidine, normeperidine, p-hydroxymeperidine, and total (free and conjugated) meperidinic and normeperidinic acids. More than 90% of the excreted drugs was found in the 24-hr urine. Meperidine was observed in the urine of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and cats, but only a trace amount was observed in the urine of rabbits and dogs. Normeperidine, p-hydroxymeperidine (except in the mice), and total meperidinic and normeperidinic acids were observed in all species. All of the species studied have the capacity to N-demethylate meperidine to normeperidine and to hydrolyze meperidine and normeperidine to their respective acids. The male has a higher N-demethylating activity that the female with the exception of mice. Ester hydrolysis is a major metabolic pathway for meperidine metabolism. PMID- 7310655 TI - Size exclusion chromatography of liposomes on different gel media. AB - Unchanged and negatively and positively charged liposomes of egg lecithin were prepared by sonication and chromatographed on three different gel media. The column effluent was investigated by turbidimetric measurements. The operational parameters were selected to obtain baseline separation of the liposomes. Liposome peaks were fractionated and identified by their Kav (distribution coefficient) values. Baseline separation into two fractions was obtained with cross-linked dextran gel, and three fractions were obtained with cross-linked agarose gel. PMID- 7310654 TI - GLC-mass fragmentographic determination of saccharin in biological fluids. AB - A specific and sensitive method is described for the determination of saccharin in biological fluids. The compound is extracted as its methyl derivative following a salt-solvent pair procedure and assayed by GLC with either flame ionization or mass fragmentographic detection using ethylated or trideuteromethylated saccharin, respectively, as the internal standard for quantitation. Detector response was linear over concentrations of 50 mg/ml--10 micrograms/ml with multiple-ion detection mass fragmentography and from 2 micrograms/ml up to milligram levels with flame-ionization detection. Interference from endogenous substrates was never observed. Plasma kinetics and urinary elimination of saccharin in healthy human volunteers given the sweetener orally, acutely (50 mg/60 kg of body weight) or for 5 days (130 mg/60 kg of body weight/day divided over the three main meals), also are reported. PMID- 7310656 TI - Amino acid esters of phenols as prodrugs: synthesis and stability of glycine, beta-aspartic acid, and alpha-aspartic acid esters of p-acetamidophenol. AB - pH-rate profiles were calculated for the hydrolysis of the glycine (II), beta aspartic acid (III), and alpha-aspartic acid (IV) esters of p-acetamidophenol (I) at 25 degrees and mu = 1.0 M. The hydrolysis of esters II and III occurred predominantly via intermolecular reactions involving water, hydroxide ion, and the various ionic forms of the substrates. The hydrolysis of ester IV occurred predominantly via intramolecular reactions. The catalytic effects of formate, acetate, and phosphate ions as well as of tromethamine on the degradation on ester II were similar to their effects on the hydrolysis of ethyl dichloroacetate. The efficient catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester II in bicarbonate buffers was consistent with a mechanism that involved carbon dioxide and the formation and decomposition of a carbamate intermediate. PMID- 7310657 TI - Influence of serum albumins on decomposition rates of para-substituted 1-phenyl-3 methyltriazenes and 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide in near physiological conditions. AB - The influence of human serum albumin on the decomposition rates of some arylmonomethyltriazenes in buffered aqueous solution was investigated. From the experimental data, a model for the triazene-albumin interaction was derived, and the thermodynamic parameters were systematically calculated by two independent methods. The results show marked dependence of the energetics of binding on the substituent in the triazene aromatic ring. For most of the triazenes studied, the binding with albumin was mainly enthalpy driven. Measurements also were performed using bovine and murine serum albumins. PMID- 7310658 TI - Extreme vertexes design in formulation development: solubility of butoconazole nitrate in a multicomponent system. AB - The extreme vertexes design was shown to be an efficient method for the study of mixture problems, for generating points in the factor space that define a region for response surface analysis. By using this method, the solubility of butoconazole nitrate, an imidazole antifungal agent, was studied as a function of four components, polyethylene glycol 400, glycerin, polysorbate 60, and water, whose levels were subject to given constraints. A fifth component, poloxamer 407, was held constant. The design was used to generate 14 points in the region defined by the constraints. The G efficiency of the design, with the assumption of a quadratic model for the response surface, was 79%. By using the solubilities determined at the 14 points and regression analysis, an equation was generated to characterize the response surface. Contour plots of the response surface illustrate the relationship of the solubility as a function of the components, and solubilities calculated at other points (in the region) agree well with the observed data. PMID- 7310659 TI - Radioimmunoassay of flunisolide in human plasma. AB - A simple radioimmunoassay was developed for the measurement of flunisolide in human plasma or serum. Plasma extraction was not required. Antiserums were produced in rabbits by immunization against the flunisolide 21-hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin conjugate. Cross-reactivities were determined for cortisol and a major metabolite of flunisolide and were 0.02 and 0.06%, respectively. Assay sensitivity is in the 100--200-pg/ml range. Accuracy studies gave regression lines of y = 1.06x, r = 1.00, for a 0.1-ml plasma aliquot and y = 0.99x, r = 0.99, for a 0.2-ml plasma aliquot. The accuracy of the method was estimated to be at least +/- 15%. The method was used to determine plasma concentration-time profiles in human subjects after the administration of a 1.0 mg iv dose. PMID- 7310660 TI - Fluoride remineralization of demineralized bovine tooth enamel and hydroxyapatite pellets. AB - Both bovine enamel and hydroxyapatite pellets were remineralized in a fluoride containing remineralization solution after prior demineralization for various lengths of time. In both the enamel and pellet systems, the degree of remineralization attainable was directly related to the extent of prior demineralization, although the demineralized material was never 100% recovered in remineralization. In some cases, fluoride levels up to several thousand parts per million were found at depths as great as 50 micrometers from the surface. The stoichiometry of the remineralized material and electron microprobe examination were consistent with the formation of fluoridated hydroxyapatite rather than calcium fluoride. PMID- 7310661 TI - Novel topical fluoride delivery system I: remineralization of ground bovine teeth. AB - Laboratory studies were carried out on a newly conceived fluoride-containing remineralizing system with bovine teeth. The prototype fluoride delivery device involved micronized calcium fluoride maintained at the tooth surface with a cellulose film. Together with salivary calcium and phosphate (or simulated saliva), this system was able to generate and maintain the appropriate thermodynamic activity driving force for significant fluorapatite deposition in a reasonably short time (approximately 48 hr). PMID- 7310662 TI - Novel topical fluoride delivery system II: remineralization of human teeth. AB - A recently conceived calcium fluoride-containing remineralization system was tested using human teeth in vitro. The influence of several variables (surface pretreatment, demineralization time, and remineralization time) was studied. Appreciable levels of fluoride taken up by pumiced human teeth were found at depths up to 50 micrometers when remineralization was carried out in either the remineralizing solution or saliva. The successful performance of the delivery device in these laboratory studies is encouraging and indicates that the logical evolution of the crude devices studied thus far could lead to clinically practical fluoride delivery devices. PMID- 7310663 TI - Preparation of spherical matrixes of prolonged-release drugs from liquid suspension. AB - A simple and less expensive method for the preparation of spherical matrixes of prolonged-release drugs was developed from liquid suspension. The drugs dispersed in distilled water were agglomerated with a small amount of organic solution or melt of matrix material. The process, called a "solution" or "melting" method, depended on the state of matrix material. In the present study, sulfamethoxazole and sulfanilamide were agglomerated with white beeswax and ethylcellulose. Furthermore, the parameters affecting the average size and release behavior of the resultant matrixes were investigated. Increasing the amount of matrix material used yielded large matrixes and prolonged-release action. The drugs rendered hydrophobic by surface treatment produced larger matrixes that released drug more slowly than untreated drugs. The sizes of the matrixes decreased and became uniform with increasing agitation speed. The sulfamethoxazole matrixes with wax proved to be enteric coated since the release rate was fast in the alkaline test solution (pH 7.5) but slow in the acidic one (pH 1.2). PMID- 7310664 TI - GLC analysis of hydrocortisone, triamcinolone acetonide, and desonide in culture media of mouse and human dermal fibroblasts using flame-ionization detection. AB - A quantitative GLC assay with flame-ionization detection capable of detecting nanogram quantities of hydrocortisone, triamcinolone acetonide, and desonide in biological fluids was developed. This assay consisted of two extractions of the glucocorticoids from 1 N sodium chloride-treated cell culture media into ethyl acetate and subsequent double derivatization with methoxyamine and N trimethylsilylimidazole. The chemical structures of methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives were confirmed by GLC-mass spectrometry. The methoxime-trimethylsilyl derivatives were stable for 24 hr. The applicability of this assay was demonstrated by studies of the glucocorticoid levels in L-929 and human dermal fibroblasts cell culture media over prolonged incubation (0--96 hr). PMID- 7310665 TI - Powder flow studies III: tensile strength, consolidation ratio, flow rate, and capsule-filling-weight variation relationships. AB - The tensile strength of consolidated powder beds was studied by applying a series of loads to the surface of the powder beds in a tensile tester. The results were plotted as tensile strength versus consolidation pressure. The linearity of these plots suggests a direct relationship between tensile strength and consolidation pressure. The following plots gave linear relationships: (1) tensile strength versus consolidation ratio, (b) tensile strength versus coefficient of variation of the filled weight of the capsules, and (c) logarithm of the tensile strength versus logarithm of the flow rate. These results suggest a direct relationship between tensile strength and consolidation ratio and their usefulness in studying powder flow. The physical significance of the empirical equation used in consolidation studies was explored. A comparison of the empirical equation with a theoretically derived equation, under certain assumptions, suggests that the consolidation ratio is a function of the ratio of the initial volume to the net volume and a function of the coefficient of Rankine. The coefficient of Rankine is a function of the angle of internal friction in the static powder bed. PMID- 7310666 TI - Quantitation of solvent polarity based on molecular structure. AB - A numerical index is proposed that ranks solvents according to their polarity. It is based entirely on structure, encoding the relative content of exterjacent electrons in the molecule. The index is the first-order valence molecular connectivity index, 1Xv. The index is modified for the number of isolated functional groups in the molecule. A comparison with solvent polarity indexes based on several experimental methods reveals a good relationship. The polarity index proposed can be quickly calculated, it does not depend on the availability of the actual molecule, and it permits prediction of solvent polarity or the polarity of mixtures. PMID- 7310667 TI - Structure-activity studies on sulfamate sweeteners II: semiquantitative structure taste relationship for sulfamate (RNHSO-3) sweeteners-the role of R. AB - With the use of Corey-Pauling -Koltun space-filling models, measurements of defined parameters (x, y, and z) were made of the R groups in a large number of carbosulfamates, RNHSO-3. The correlation between sweet and nonsweet sulfamates and the defined parameters for R is good. As a test, 12 new carbosulfamates were synthesized and tasted. The predictions of their sweetness or nonsweetness based on the correlation were greater than 90% correct. To elicit a sweet taste, the R group of the sulfamate should have x greater than or equal to 5.2 A and less than or equal to 7.2 A and V (i.e.,xyz) less than or equal to 250 A3 and probably greater than or equal to 90 A3. The receptor site is seen (as for aspartame) as a rather narrow cleft into which R has to fit "properly" or be "locked" so that the AH,B mechanism for initiating the sweet stimulae can operate. Possible applications of this approach are indicated. PMID- 7310668 TI - Investigation of gel structure of aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel using a tension cell. AB - A tension cell was designed to measure the gel structure of aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel. Equilibrium measurements of the total water outflow versus applied tension given insight into the rigidity of the gel structure. Dynamic measurements of the rate of outflow of water at various applied tensions yield the capillary conductivity of the gel, which is related to the apparent surface area, particle size, and porosity. An aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel with a high apparent viscosity exhibited an increase in viscosity upon aging at 25 degrees, which was accompanied by an increase in the equilibrium tension of the water phase, an increase in delta (-)GH2O, and a decrease in capillary conductivity. In contrast, the apparent viscosity of a low viscosity aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel, which was precipitated from the same reagents but with different precipitation temperature, pH, and stirring speed, exhibited a decrease in equilibrium water tension, a decrease in delta (-)GH2O, and an increase in capillary conductivity during aging at 25 degrees. PMID- 7310669 TI - Effect of complex formation between 4-hexylresorcinol and ethyl myristate on release rate of 4-hexylresorcinol from petrolatum base. AB - The effect of ethyl myristate on the release rate of 4-hexylresorcinol from petrolatum base was studied at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees. 4-Hexylresorcinol was analyzed spectrophotometrically at 278 nm. The release rate of hexylresorcinol from the ointments was directly proportional to the square root of time and depended on the percentage of ethyl myristate in the ointment base. For 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5% of ethyl myristate, the release rates were 29.6, 35.4, 38.3, 55.7, and 70.0 micrograms/hr1/2/cm2, respectively. The solubility of hexylresorcinol in the petrolatum base was determined as a function of ethyl myristate using partitioning techniques. The enhancement in hexylresorcinol solubility was rationalized on the basis of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes between hexylresorcinol and ethyl myristate. The complexation constants of these complexes were estimated to be 10 M-1 and 206.1 M-2, respectively. The diffusion coefficient of hexylresorcinol in the petrolatum base was estimated to be 1.31 x 10(-8) cm2/sec. PMID- 7310670 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of ibuprofen in plasma. AB - A sensitive, simple, and rapid method for the quantitation of ibuprofen in plasma, using 1-(p-fluorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole acetic acid as the internal standard, was developed. The method is based on reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile--0.1 M acetic acid (55:45 v/v). The chromatographic elution time was 8.5 min, and ibuprofen quantities as low as 0.1 microgram/ml can be assayed. The suitability of the method is demonstrated. PMID- 7310671 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of triamterene and p hydroxytriamterene in plasma. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for triamterene and 6-p-hydroxytriamterene in plasma. Plasma (0.5 ml), after addition of the internal standard, was extracted with 10 ml of ether-isopropanol (95:5). After thorough mixing and separation of phases, the organic layer was evaporated to dryness under nitrogen. The residue was reconstituted with 500 microliters of mobile phase [acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (60:39.5:0.5)], and 100 microliters was injected into the chromatograph. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 muBondapak column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection of compounds in the column eluent was by UV absorption at 365 nm. The retention times for 6-p-hydroxytriamterene, triamterene, and the internal standard were 7.5, 9.0, and 12.0 min, respectively. The lower limit of detection for each compound was 20 ng/ml. Recoveries of triamterene and 6-p-hydroxytriamterene were 91--99 and 828--95%, respectively, over a 40--240-ng/ml range. PMID- 7310672 TI - Antimicrobial activity of phenolic constituents of Magnolia grandiflora L. AB - Three phenolic constituents of Magnolia grandiflora L. were shown to possess significant antimicrobial activity using an agar well diffusion assay. Magnolol, honokiol, and 3.5'-diallyl-2'-hydroxy-4-methoxybiphenyl exhibited significant activity against Gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria and fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for each compound using a twofold serial dilution assay. PMID- 7310674 TI - Physicochemical properties of magnesium salicylate. AB - Magnesium salicylate tetrahydrate is a nonhygroscopic, crystalline powder, whereas anhydrous magnesium salicylate is amorphous and very hygroscopic. Magnesium salicylate tetrahydrate tablets formulated with gelatin as a binder showed a dissolution half-life (t1/2) of 12 min, whereas a formulation using pregelatinized starch as a binder showed a t1/2 of 33 min. The optimum level of calcium stearate in the formulation was determined by the oscilloscope tracings of compressional and ejectional forces from an instrumented rotary tableting machine. Increasing the level of calcium stearate from 1 to 1.5 and 2% resulted in dissolution t1/2 values of 12, 18, and 21 min, respectively, and a higher incidence of softer tablets and capping. PMID- 7310676 TI - Antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine gluconate against natural and artificial contamination during simulation of in-use conditions. AB - Commercial bottles containing chlorhexidine gluconate (antimicrobial skin cleanser), whether exposed to room atmosphere or experimentally inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Proteus mirabilis, did not exhibit microbial growth. PMID- 7310675 TI - Succinimides with oxyacetate side chain as potential anticonvulsant agents. AB - Two new compounds, ethyl N-succinimidoxyacetate and methyl N succinimidoxyacetate, were prepared by reacting a solution of freshly recrystallized N-hydroxysuccinimide in tetrahydrofuran with a mixture of the corresponding halogenated ester and triethylamine. The compounds possessed some anticonvulsant properties. PMID- 7310673 TI - Synthesis of new polyamine derivatives for cancer chemotherapeutic studies. AB - Selected homologs, analogs, and acylated derivatives of spermine and spermidine, together with several heterocyclic and aromatic compounds containing a novoldiamine side chain, were prepared and evaluated biologically. Several compounds possessed activity against B-16 melanoma and human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx. PMID- 7310677 TI - Analysis of methoxsalen in plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of methoxsalen in plasma was developed. The method includes extraction from plasma of the drug and the internal standard (5-methoxypsoralen) into methylene chloride. Chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase C8 column connected with a UV detector set at 254 nm. The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile water (2:30:68). For a plasma sample of 0.25 ml, the maximal sensitivity was approximately 10 ng/ml. Accuracy was within 7.5% for therapeutic plasma levels, and the coefficient of variation varied between 4.3 and 0.9% for 28 and 300 ng/ml of plasma, respectively. PMID- 7310678 TI - Simplified physiologically based method to estimate steady-state volume of distribution. PMID- 7310680 TI - Observed artifacts due to pellet preparation in IR spectrometry. PMID- 7310679 TI - Modified USP assay of calcium gluceptate. PMID- 7310681 TI - First-pass clearance of lidocaine in healthy volunteers and epileptic patients: influence of effective liver volume. PMID- 7310682 TI - Solubility and partitioning V: dependence of solubility on melting point. PMID- 7310683 TI - Effect of pancreatic polypeptide and its C-terminal hexapeptide on meal and secretin induced pancreatic secretion in dogs. AB - 1. Gastric acid and pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion as well as immunoreactive serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations in response to a meal and secretin have been measured before and after infusion of bovine pancreatic polypeptide or its C-terminal hexapeptide. 2. Liver extract meal kept in the stomach at pH 5.5 (by intragastric titration) produced a marked increase in gastric acid and pancreatic protein secretion accompanied by a rise in serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide levels. Exogenous bovine pancreatic polypeptide caused little change in gastric secretion and serum gastrin but resulted in a profound suppression of pancreatic secretion. 3. Ordinary feeding a liver meal produced a marked increase in pancreatic bicarbonate and protein secretion that was dose-dependently inhibited by bovine pancreatic polypeptide or its C-terminal hexapeptide, the degree of inhibition being closely correlated with the increments in plasma pancreatic polypeptide. 4. Bovine pancreatic polypeptide and its C-terminal hexapeptide also inhibited secretin and caerulein induced pancreatic secretion in a dose-dependent manner. 5. This study shows that bovine pancreatic polypeptide inhibits pancreatic secretion at least in part by acting directly on the exocrine pancreas and that its biological activity resides in its C-terminal hexapeptide fragment. PMID- 7310685 TI - The direction of growth of differentiating neurones and myoblasts from frog embryos in an applied electric field. AB - 1. Disaggregated single neurones and myoblasts obtained from the neural tube and somites of Xenopus laevis embryos (stages 17-21) were cultured in the presence of steady small electric fields. 2. Neurites grew preferentially towards the negative pole, or cathode, in field strengths of 7-190 mV/mm. Many turned through considerable angles to do so. This effect disappeared below a threshold level of about 7 mV/mm. 3. Greater numbers of neurones sprouted neurites in cultures exposed to an electric field compared to control cultures. The difference could be as much as tenfold. The threshold level of this phenomenon was about 6-8 mV/mm. Other cell types such as pigment cells and fibroblasts were also stimulated to differentiate in culture by an electric field, although to a lesser extent than neurones. 4. Applied electric fields had no effect on the location of the origin of neurites on the cell body. 5. Spherical myoblasts cultured in applied electric fields (36-170 mV/mm) elongated with a bipolar axis of growth which was perpendicular to the electric field. The response was graded and disappeared at field strengths below 36 mV/mm. 6. It is suggested that in vivo, the direction of neural outgrowth from the neural tube and the strict spatial organization of somites might be under the control, in part, of endogenous electric fields. Possible sources of these are discussed. PMID- 7310684 TI - Spatial and temporal properties of cat geniculate neurones after prolonged deprivation. AB - 1. Extracellular recordings were made from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of monocularly deprived, dark-reared and normal cats. The spatial and temporal properties of the neurones were studied. 2. The mean acuity of X-cells with receptive fields 3 degrees of the area centralis was 3.9 c/degree for deprived eye cells from monocularly deprived cats, compared was 3.8 c/degree for normal cells. 3. The mean activity of X-cells with receptive fields within 4 degrees of the area centralis was 4.3 c/degree for a dark-reared cat compared with 4.0 c/degree for a normal cat. 4. The peak response rates of X-cells to their best spatial frequency were determined. The mean values for the normal, monocularly deprived and dark-reared populations were all similar. 5 Measurement of the temporal frequency tuning of a number of cells was made. The mean peak temporal frequency for the dark-reared X-cells was lower than for monocularly deprived or normal X-cells. 6. The results are discussed with reference to the location of the primary neural deficit induced by visual deprivation. PMID- 7310686 TI - Electrophysiology of pig distal colon measured during early post-natal development. AB - 1. Brush border membrane (Vm) and transepithelial (Vms) potential differences, transepithelial resistance (Rep) and the brush border membrane/basolateral membrane resistance ratio (Rm/Rs) have been measured in distal colons taken from new-born and 4-day-old pigs. 2. Vm remained independent of the age of the animal. Substituting choline or Tris for Na+ hyperpolarized Vm; substituting SO4(2-) for Cl- or increasing the concentration of K+ depolarized Vm in colons taken from new born pigs. K+ depolarization was not seen using colons taken from 4-day-old animals. 3. The effect of Na+ or Cl- replacement on Vms and Rm/Rs was in agreement with the hypothesis that the brush border membrane of the distal colon possessed a conductance for both these ions. The brush border membrane of the new born, but not the 4-day-old pig colon possessed an additional conductance for K+. 4. These electrical measurements were repeated using 4-day-old pig distal colons in the presence of amiloride, to enable values for the electromotive force across the brush border membrane (Em) and the basolateral membrane (Es) to be calculated. The Em of the 4-day-old pig colon was found to be about 23 mV negative with respect to the mucosal solution. Cl- conductance appears to predominate in colons taken from these very young animals. 5. Separate experiments showed net transport of Na+ and measured short-circuit current to be partly dependent upon the presence of Cl. Na+ transport measured in the absence of Cl- was approximately equal to that calculated from the measurement of short circuit current. 6. It is suggested that the brush border membrane of the neonatal pig colon is conductive to both Na+ and Cl-, that the transport of these ions are partly coupled in some way and that this alone is sufficient to explain the discrepancies noted previously when measuring Na+ flux and short-circuit current in Cl- -containing medium. The possible physiological importance of this transient transport function is discussed. PMID- 7310687 TI - Diminished response to beta-bungarotoxin in neonatal rat diaphragm. AB - 1. The effects of beta-bungarotoxin on acetylcholine turnover were studied in neonatal rat diaphragms using a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay to measure acetylcholine and choline. 2. Injection of neonatal rats (1-15 days old) with a fixed dose of beta-bungarotoxin resulted in a shorter time to death in the older animals. 3. This increased lethal potency of beta-bungarotoxin in the older rats was correlated with an enhancement of the stimulatory effect of the toxin on acetylcholine synthesis in diaphragm in vivo and in vitro. 4. The reduced effect of beta-bungarotoxin in promoting the accumulation of acetylcholine in new-born rat diaphragms was not due to an enhancement by the toxin of acetylcholine output from these preparations. 5. These results demonstrate that the stimulatory effect of beta-bungarotoxin on acetylcholine synthesis in diaphragm is a function of the age of the rat. Thus, beta-bungarotoxin may be valuable as a probe of the maturation of presynaptic function in rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 7310688 TI - Brain stem sites mediating specific and non-specific temperature effects on thermoregulation in the pekin duck. AB - 1. Thermodes were chronically implanted into various levels of the brain stem of sixteen Pekin ducks. The effects of local thermal stimulation on metabolic heat production, core temperature, peripheral skin temperature and respiratory frequency were investigated. 2. Four areas of thermode positions were determined according to the responses observed and were histologically identified at the end of the investigation. 3. Thermal stimulation of the lower mid-brain/upper pontine brain stem (Pos. III) elicited an increase in metabolic heat production, cutaneous vasoconstriction and rises in core temperature in response to cooling at thermoneutral and cold ambient conditions and, further, inhibition of panting by cooling and activation of panting by heating at warm ambient conditions. The metabolic response to cooling this brain stem section amounted to -0.1 W/kg. degrees C as compared with -7 W/kg. degrees C in response to total body cooling. 4. Cooling of the anterior and middle hypothalamus (Pos. II) caused vasodilatation in the skin and did not elicit shivering. The resulting drop in core temperature at a given degree of cooling was greater than the rise in core temperature in response to equivalent cooling of the lower mid-brain/upper pontine brain stem. 5. Cooling of the preoptic forebrain (Pos. I) and of the myelencephalon (Pos. IV) did not elicit thermoregulatory reactions. 6. It is concluded that the duck's brain stem contains thermoreceptive structures in the lower mid-brain/upper pontine section. However, the brain stem as a whole appears to contribute little to cold defence during general hypothermia because of the inhibitory effects originating in the anterior and middle hypothalamus. Cold defence in the duck, which is comparable in strength to that in mammals, has to rely on extracerebral thermosensory structures. PMID- 7310690 TI - Responses of pontine units to skin-temperature changes in the guinea-pig. AB - 1. The responses of fifty-five single units to changes in skin temperature were recorded in twenty-three guinea-pigs anaesthetized with urethane. Skin temperature changes were induced by changing the temperature of the water perfused support plate of the stereotaxic apparatus and that of the double-walled Perspex jacket that was put on the support plate.2. Thirty-three units were stereotaxically and histologically verified as being within a circumscribed area of the pontine dorsomedial reticular formation (subcoeruleus region). Twenty-one units were located in the surrounding areas, and one unit in the nucleus raphe magnus region.3. Twenty-seven of thirty-three recorded subcoeruleus units were specifically excited by cooling of the abdominal or leg skin, whereas only five units were non-thermoresponsive and one unit was warm-responsive. The cold responsive units had peak activity at skin temperatures between 22 and 29 degrees C, in accordance with the maximum activity in cutaneous cold-receptors.4. A markedly different distribution of units was found in the surrounding areas. Only four units were cold-responsive. Thirteen units were non-thermoresponsive, and four units were warm-responsive.5. The cold-responsive subcoeruleus units were situated in regions which are known to contain accumulations of noradrenergic cell bodies, and to project to hypothalamic neurones. Electrical stimulation of these regions is known to cause excitatory metabolic responses in unanaesthetized guinea-pigs. It is concluded that part of the cutaneous cold-afferents projects to hypothalamic thermointegrative neurones via noradrenergic pathways that ascend from these subcoeruleus regions. PMID- 7310689 TI - Critical bands in cat spatial vision. AB - 1. The ability of cats to detect sinusoidal grating patterns superimposed on one dimensional visual noise was assessed using behavioural methods. 2. The magnitude of elevation in contrast threshold due to noise increased monotonically within limits with increasing noise contrast. 3. Visual noise was filtered using various techniques (band-reject, low-pass, high-pass and band-pass noise); filtered noise resulted in threshold elevation only when it contained frequencies similar to the test frequency. 4. In all cases the masking functions indicated that the band widths of the channels mediating detection ranged from +/- 0.50 to +/- 0.75 octaves across three spatial frequencies and that the channel sensitive to low spatial frequencies was asymmetrical in its tuning. 5. The spatial properties of these psychophysical detecting channels closely resemble the spatial frequency selectivity exhibited by some cat cortical neurones, both in the general narrowness of tuning and the asymmetry in tuning at lower, but not higher, spatial frequencies. PMID- 7310691 TI - Signal transmission from rods to ganglion cells in rat retina after bleaching a portion of the receptive field. AB - 1. Recordings from single axons of retinal ganglion cells in the rat's optic tract in response to small flashing test lights were used to follow the course of dark adaptation after exposing half of the receptive field to a bleaching light. 2. The recovery of log sensitivity followed an exponential time course in the exposed and unexposed half-fields. The curves had different time constants, with the exposed side taking longer to recover. 3. The time constants of recovery were increasing functions of exposure, but the rate of increase was different in the exposed and the unexposed half-fields. Direct exposure increased the time constant at a greater rate than did indirect exposure. 4. Comparison of the time constants of recovery in the exposed half-fields with those for pigment regeneration suggests that sensitivity recovers with the time course of rhodopsin regeneration. 5. Increment thresholds were determined using steady backgrounds which illuminated half of the receptive field. A greater threshold elevation was produced in the directly illuminated half-field compared with the half-field illuminated only by scattered light. Comparisons of the threshold-raising capacity of direct and indirect illumination were used to establish an 'upper bound' on the magnitude of light scatter. The time courses of the recovery of sensitivity after two different bleaches were compared. First, thresholds were measured in the unexposed half-field after a half-field bleach. Secondly the recovery of sensitivity after direct bleaching-exposure to the predetermined scatter upper bound' was measured. Recovery was more rapid in the latter case than the former, thus indicating that adaptation spreads laterally via some process other than light scattering. PMID- 7310692 TI - Electrophysiological analysis of mitral cells in the isolated turtle olfactory bulb. AB - 1. An in vitro preparation of the turtle olfactory bulb has been developed. Electrophysiological properties of mitral cells in the isolated bulb have been analysed with intracellular recordings. 2. Mitral cells have been driven antidromically from the lateral olfactory tract, or activated directly by current injection. Intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) show that turtle mitral cells have long secondary dendrites that extend up to 1800 micrometer from the cell body and reach around half of the bulbar circumference. There are characteristically two primary dendrites, each supplying separate olfactory glomeruli. 3. Using intracellular current pulses, the whole-neurone resistance was found to range from 33 to 107 M omega. The whole-neurone charging transient had a slow time course. The membrane time constant was estimated to be 24-93 msec by the methods of Rall. The electrotonic length of the mitral cell equivalent cylinder was estimated by Rall's methods to be 0.9-1.9. 4. The spikes generated by turtle mitral cells were only partially blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the bathing medium. The TTX-resistant spikes were enhanced in the presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA), and blocked completely by cobalt. 5. The implications of the electrical properties for impulse generation in turtle mitral cells are discussed. The mitral cells have dendrodendritic synapses onto granule cells, and the TTX-resistant spikes may therefore play an important role in presynaptic transmitter release at these synapses. PMID- 7310693 TI - Analysis of synaptic potentials in mitral cells in the isolated turtle olfactory bulb. AB - 1. The synaptic responses of mitral cells have been analysed in intracellular recordings from the isolated olfactory bulb of the turtle. 2. The response of a mitral cell to a single volley in the lateral olfactory tract consisted of and antidromic impulse and a complex hyperpolarizing potential that had the properties of an inhibitory post-synaptic potential. The inhibitory response consisted of two successive components I1 and I2, followed by a prolonged hyperpolarization. 3. High-gain recordings revealed miniature hyperpolarizing potentials during the I1 and I2 responses. Both the miniature potentials and the I1 and I2 responses were increased in amplitude by depolarizing injected currents, and decreased and reversed in polarity by hyperpolarizing currents. The input conductance was increased during the I2 component. In some cells the I1 and I2 components, recorded with micropipettes filled with potassium acetate or potassium citrate, were depolarizing. 4 A single orthodromic volley in the olfactory nerves elicited a complex depolarizing-hyperpolarizing potential in mitral cells. The depolarization consisted of two successive components, E1 and E2. The hyperpolarization consisted of two successive components, I1 and I2, followed by a prolonged hyperpolarization. 5. The depolarizing components had the properties of excitatory post-synaptic potentials. They decreased in amplitude with depolarizing current injection and increased with hyperpolarizing injection. The hyperpolarizing components resembled the I1 and I2 components of the tract evoked responses in their timing and properties. 6. It is postulated that the E1 component reflects the initial excitation by olfactory nerve terminals of the mitral cell dendritic tufts in the olfactory glomeruli. The I1 component is postulated to arise from dendrodendritic synaptic input mediated by interneurones, mainly granule cells. The E2 and I2 components are likely to arise mainly from intrinsic synaptic circuits within the olfactory bulb. PMID- 7310694 TI - Analysis of a long-duration inhibitory potential in mitral cells in the isolated turtle olfactory bulb. AB - 1. An inhibitory potential of long duration has been analysed in intracellular recordings from mitral cells in the isolated turtle olfactory bulb preparation. 2. A single volley in the olfactory nerves or lateral olfactory tract elicited synaptic inhibition in mitral cells, followed by a long-lasting hyperpolarization of the cell. This slow potential has been termed the Is component, to distinguish it from the earlier I1 and I2 components to the inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s). 3. The slow Is component was inhibitory, as shown by the interruption of spontaneous discharges, and the blockage of responses to injected current and incoming volleys. The duration of the hyperpolarization following a single volley usually lasted up to 5 sec, and occasionally longer. 4. The Is response decreased in amplitude with either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing current injection, without showing a reversal potential. This contrasted with the earlier I1 and I2 components, which showed reversal potentials characteristic of i.p.s.p.s. 5. Tests of membrane conductance showed that the conductance, which was increased during the preceding i.p.s.p., decayed to control values during the early part of the Is potential. 6. The Is response shares some characteristics with slow potentials reported in certain other vertebrate neurones. This type of response may be involved in longer-term neuromodulatory control of the excitability of the mitral cell. PMID- 7310695 TI - The anatomical location of the series elastic component in rat vascular smooth muscle. AB - 1. Flash photomicrographs using Nomarski optics have been taken of the smooth muscle cells in an activated arterial resistance vessel preparation (i.d. approximately 150 micrometers) before and after a quick release of internal circumference in an attempt to determine the location of the series elastic component (s.e.c.). 2. If the s.e.c. lies mainly within the smooth muscle cells, then, while the position of an intracellular structure would change during a release, there would be little change in its position after the release during tension recovery. 3. The movement of intracellular structures during a quick release, x, and the corresponding movement during tension recovery, y, was determined by taking double flash exposures at the appropriate times and measuring the separation of the double images on the film. In eighty-five pairs of measurements from seven vessels the ratio y/x was equal to 0.21 +/- 0.02 (S.E.). 4. The results show that less than half of the smooth muscle s.e.c. resides in extracellular components. The active dynamic stiffness of smooth muscle cells is substantially less than that of skeletal muscle fibres. PMID- 7310696 TI - Sympathetically induced changes in the responses of guard hair and type II receptors in the cat. AB - 1. Sympathetic effects on the activity of single guard hair receptors and slowly adapting, type II mechanoreceptors were studied in anaesthetized cats. 2. Spontaneous activity in type II receptors and mechanically evoked activity in both type II and guard hair receptors was recorded both without and with electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk. 3. Almost all guard hair receptors were desensitized by sympathetic stimulation, the mean effect being an increase in threshold to 2.2 times the unconditioned value. 4. One third of the more slowly adapting guard hair units showed sympathetically induced spontaneous activity. 5. These sympathetic effects on guard hair receptors appear not to be related to pilomotor responses or to changes in central arterial pressure. 6. Individual type II receptors were found to be excited by skin stretch along one of two axes: either parallel or perpendicular to the long axis of the leg. Intermediate orientations were not observed. 7. 'Perpendicular' units showed marked increases in resting discharge but no change in mechanical sensitivity during sympathetic stimulation. 'Parallel' units were unaffected. 8. The sympathetic effect appeared not to be related to changes in blood pressure or skin tension. 9. It is suggested that the location and orientation of stretch sensitivity of these receptors make them well suited for detection of limb movements; however, no satisfactory functional explanation was found for the pronounced sympathetic facilitation of only one subset of the receptors. PMID- 7310698 TI - Electrical activity of the pulmonary vein and its interaction with the right atrium in the guinea-pig. AB - 1. The tunica media of the proximal segments of the pulmonary vein is made up of cardiac muscle cells. The electrical activity of this cardiac portion of the pulmonary vein was studied with intracellular micro-electrodes in isolated preparations. 2. All-or-none action potentials were recorded in all cardiac muscle cells in response to electrical stimulation. These action potentials did not propagate into the adjoining smooth muscle cells. 3. There were differences in properties between cells at the distal end of the cardiac pulmonary vein close to the smooth muscle and those close to the heart. In quiescent preparations, cells at the distal end had resting potentials which averaged 66 mV compared with 71 mV at proximal sites. Action potentials were also smaller and shorter in duration in cells at the distal end. 4. In spontaneously active preparations, pace-making potentials were observed in cells at the distal end while cells close to the heart showed a stable diastolic potential between action potentials. The spontaneous activity of the pulmonary vein was influenced by both inhibitory and excitatory nerves. 5. The interaction between the pulmonary vein and atrial activities was studied in spontaneously active atrial-pulmonary vein preparations. Action potentials recorded from the pulmonary vein always followed those from the right atrium. Electrical stimulation at the pulmonary vein generated action potentials that propagated back into the right atrium. 6. This study demonstrated that isolated pulmonary veins were capable of independent pace making activity. However the activity of the pulmonary vein was dominated by the SA node in atrial-pulmonary vein preparations under normal conditions. PMID- 7310697 TI - Intestinal bicarbonate secretion in Amphiuma measured by pH stat in vitro: relationship with metabolism and transport of sodium and chloride ions. AB - 1. Isolated Amphiuma small intestine exposed on both surfaces to buffered or unbuffered media generated gradients of pH under short-circuited conditions consistent with secretion of HCO3(-). 2. When unbuffered mucosal medium was maintained at pH 7.4 by addition of acid, alkalinization of the mucosal medium occurred at a rate of 1-2 microequiv/hr cm2 under short-circuit conditions (Isc) and was reduced by anoxia, acetazolamide or removal of CO2. 3. The rate of HCO3( ) secretion (JHCO3(-)) was reduced at a mucosal pH above or below 7.4 and was proportional to serosal HCO3(-). 4. JHCO3(-) was reduced in Na+-free (choline) and Cl-free (SO4(2-) media and after exposure to the stilbene SITS. 5. The difference JHCO3(-)--Isc was consistent with net Cl- absorption. 6. The tissue resistance (Rt) was elevated upon exposure to serosal HCO3(-) and lowered by mucosal HCO3(-). 7. The intestinal mucosa exhibited carbonic anhydrase activity that was sensitive to ethoxazolamide. 8. It is concluded that HCO3(-) secretion is active, influenced by intracellular carbonic anhydrase activity and coupled to Cl- and possibly Na+ absorption. PMID- 7310699 TI - The action-potential duration and contractile response of the intact heart related to the preceding interval and the preceding beat in the dog and cat. AB - 1. Simultaneous measurements were made in anaesthetized dogs of monophasic action potentials from the right ventricle and of the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dP(lv)/dt(max)). Atrio-ventricular dissociation was induced and the heart paced via right ventricular electrodes.2. A control period of steady pacing was followed by a test stimulus after a variable interval called the ;test-pulse interval'. The duration of the action potential of the test beat (measured at 70% repolarization) increased with test-pulse interval and reached an approximately steady value at intervals of 1.0-1.5 sec. This constitutes the ;electrical restitution curve'.3. An increase in the frequency of stimulation prior to the introduction of the test pulses caused a downward displacement of the electrical restitution curve.4. Stimulation at 2 Hz and paired pulse stimulation at 1 Hz (same number of stimuli per min) were introduced prior to the test pulses and produced very similar electrical restitution curves.5. For a constant frequency of stimulation in the control period, adrenaline produced downward displacement of the restitution curve.6. It is concluded that there is no obvious relationship between the restitution of the action potential duration and of the contractile response. We suggest therefore that electrical and mechanical restitution occur through separate processes, the former through time dependent recovery in membrane conductances and the latter through time-dependent increase in availability of intracellular calcium for release.7. Contractions were introduced with a test-pulse interval shorter than the optimum, and were followed by a second test pulse fixed at the optimum interval of 0.8-1.0 sec. The second test beats were potentiated (post-extrasystolic potentiation). In isolated ejecting cat hearts, there was an optimum interval for the first test pulse to produce the greatest potentiation of the second test beat. This interval was 0.2 0.3 sec, and was shortened by an increase in frequency of stimulation prior to the first test beat.8. The interval preceding the first test pulse was then varied within a range (0.8-2.0 sec) which did not produce potentiation. These first test pulses were sometimes preceded by one extrasystole. The timing of this extrasystole was altered to vary the post-extrastolic potentiation of the first test pulse.9. Multiple regression analysis, carried out between dP(lv)/dt(max) of the second test pulse (DP(2), the dependent variable) and the action potential duration (AP(1)) and dP(lv)/dt(max) (DP(1)) of the first test pulse (independent variables) yielded correlation coefficients between 0.88 and 0.99. Each determination of the coefficient included data from beats with and without post extrasystolic potentiation.10. It is postulated that the coefficient relating DP(2) to DP(1) in the multiple regression analysis (mean value 0.75) is an index of the proportion of calcium stored during relaxation which is released again on the next beat.11. When the decay of post-extrasystolic potentiation was examined in consecutive beats at the optimum interval, the action potential durations of these beats were found to be nearly constant. A plot of dP(lv)/dt(max) of each beat against dP(lv)/dt(max) of the previous beat yielded a curvilinear relationship which was less steep than that relating DP(2) to DP(1) in the two test pulse analysis; this was attributed to inconstancy of calcium ion entry during the action potential. PMID- 7310701 TI - An analysis of the regulation of sodium excretion during induced changes in plasma sodium concentration in anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1. Renal sodium excretion (UNaV) was studied during acute changes in plasma sodium concentration (PNa) induced by altering the concentration of a sodium chloride infusion in anaesthetized dogs. 2. The change in PNa induced other changes, notably in blood pH, the degree of blood dilution, and in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. No attempt was made to restrain these changes and their effects on UNaV were assessed using factor analysis. This defined new variables ('factors') that are linear functions of the primary variables. Four factors were defined, two of which were related to UNaV. 3. Factor 1 was strongly correlated with UNaV and PNa: its other correlations described the acidosis and plasma dilution of hypernatraemia. Further examination of these inter-relationships by regression analysis and data selection showed that the increase in UNaV with rising PNa depended upon a fall in both the blood pH and PCO2. 4. Factor 2 was negatively correlated with UNaV: its correlations with plasma protein concentration, haematocrit, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow implied that it represented post-glomerular plasma protein concentration and its influence on sodium reabsorption. 5. Thus, two independent processes may regulate UNaV during acute salt loading: one is initiated by changes in PNa and plasma dilution but requires a concomitant acidosis and ventilatory adjustment for its full expression; the second relates UNaV to several variables whose influences could be understood by changes they produce in the peritubular capillary plasma protein concentration. PMID- 7310700 TI - Monoamine release from cat spinal cord by somatic stimuli: an intrinsic modulatory system. AB - 1. Superfusates taken from spinal cords of cats anaesthetized with chloralose and urethane were assayed for endogenous serotonin and noradrenaline by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 2. Stimulating the dorsolateral funiculus, caudal to a spinal transection, enhanced in a frequency dependent manner the levels of monoamines in the spinal superfusate. 3. Tyramine added to the superfusate enhanced the release of noradrenaline and serotonin. 4. In cats with intact neuraxes, stimulation of the sciatic nerve at high, but not low intensities produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in the levels of monoamines in the spinal superfusate. This evoked monoamine efflux was attenuated by cold block of the cervical spinal cord. 5. Stimulation of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve evoked the release of noradrenaline and serotonin from the lumbar cord in animals with intact neuraxes. Cold block of the cervical cord blocked trigeminal-evoked release of lumbar serotonin and noradrenaline. 6. That the monoamine efflux was not due to elevations in blood pressure was indicated by the failure of vasoxyl, an alpha-agonist producing hypertension, to evoke any changes in spinal monoamine levels. 7. The monoamine release was not dependent upon either an opiate-sensitive link or upon the activation of the sympathetic ganglia, because systemic administration of naloxone (an opiate antagonist) and chlorisondamine (a ganglionic blocking agent) failed to antagonize the evoked release of amines. 8. These results suggest the existence of a spinopetal monoamine system which is activated by peripheral stimuli. The modulatory influence associated with increasing monoamine tone in the spinal cord clearly indicated that somatic stimuli may activate a descending monoamine pathway which serves to modulate the magnitude of the ascending sensory message. PMID- 7310703 TI - Thermogenesis in normal rabbits and rats: no role for brown adipose tissue? AB - 1. The occurrence of dietary and cold-induced thermogenesis in young rabbits was unaffected by noradrenaline or propranolol, and it is concluded that the brown adipose tissue, although detectable histologically, is non-functional. 2. Noradrenaline treatment caused an increase in oxygen consumption in albino, but not in hooded rats, suggesting that the former breed may possess brown adipose tissue capable of thermogenesis. PMID- 7310702 TI - A comparison of the horizontal and vertical vestibulo-ocular reflexes of the rabbit. AB - 1. The gain and phase of the horizontal (H.v.o.r.) and vertical (V.v.o.r.) vestibulo-ocular reflexes were measured in rabbits. The V.v.o.r. was evoked by sinusoidal rolls about the longitudinal axis of the rabbit. This axis was maintained at different orientations with respect to the earth horizontal axis: V.v.o.r. 0 degrees , prone; V.v.o.r. 90 degrees , ;nose-up'; V.v.o.r. 180 degrees , supine; V.v.o.r. 0 degrees L, left side down.2. In contrast to the H.v.o.r., the V.v.o.r. 0 degrees had a higher gain (eye velocity/head velocity) and a smaller phase lead (eye position + 180 degrees with respect to head position) at low frequencies of sinusoidal vestibular stimulation (+/- 10 deg, 0.005-0.05 Hz). At higher frequencies (0.05-0.8 Hz), the H.v.o.r. and V.v.o.r. 0 degrees were equivalent in both gain and phase.3. The low-frequency gain of the V.v.o.r. was smallest in the ;nose-up' orientation. The V.v.o.r. 90 degrees was equivalent in both gain and phase to the H.v.o.r. over the entire range of frequencies tested (0.005-0.8 Hz). Threshold angular accelerations for the H.v.o.r. and V.v.o.r. 90 degrees were below 0.04 deg/sec(2).4. The compensatory eye movements of the H.v.o.r. were frequently interrupted by anticompensatory re-setting eye movements. These anticompensatory re-setting eye movements were present in the V.v.o.r. 90 degrees , but not in the V.v.o.r. 0 degrees .5. An estimate gain and phase of the otolithic component of the V.v.o.r. 0 degrees was derived by subtraction of the V.v.o.r. 90 degrees (semicircular canal signal) from the V.v.o.r. 0 degrees (semicircular canal signal+otolith signal). This procedure was based on the assumption that the signals from the otolith organs and vertical semicircular canals combine linearly.6. The V.v.o.r. 180 degrees provided an interesting test of the assumption of linear combination of otolithic and semicircular canal signals by reversing the phase of the modulated otolithic signal. The data indicated that the V.v.o.r. 180 degrees is non-linear. PMID- 7310704 TI - Slow potassium contractures in mouse limb muscles. AB - 1. Mouse extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles respond to a sudden maintained increase in external K ion concentration with a fast contracture which inactivates and is followed by a slow contracture. 2. The slow contracture could not be selectively eliminated by altering the tonicity, ionic strength, anionic composition or buffer system of the external solution and depended only on the increase on external potassium concentration. The slow contracture differed from the fast K contracture in its time course, temperature sensitivity, fibre type dependence, and inactivation kinetics. The fast and slow contractures were similarly altered by changes in external anion species, by changes in external divalent cations, and by the presence of 20 mM-caffeine. 3. The mechanism and functional significance of the slow contracture are obscure. The results suggest that its generation is not identical to that of the fast contracture, but may depend, in part, upon the normal activation processes. PMID- 7310705 TI - Studies of a gastric fundic mucosal factor which affects absorption from the antrum and jejunum in the rat. AB - 1. A rat bio-assay has been developed in which the tracer ion technetium 99 m (99mTc) was used to monitor absorption from both the antrum and the jejunum of the rat. 2. Evidence has been obtained for the release of a humoral substance from the rat gastric fundus after alkalinization of the mucosa at pH 8, and this fundic factor has been shown to reduce the absorption of the tracer ion 99mTc from both the lumen of the antrum and of the jejunum in the rat. 3. Intravenous infusion of a neutral extract of porcine fundic mucosa, distension of the rat fundus with air or exposure of the fundic mucosa to alkaline buffer all decreased absorption of the tracer ion virtually to the same extent from the lumen of the antrum (P less than 0.001) and to a lesser extent from the lumen of the jejunum (P less than 0.05). This effect does not appear to be due to histamine. 4. Preliminary biochemical data have indicted that the biological activity in the mucosal extract is protein in nature and has a molecular weight of less than 10,000. PMID- 7310706 TI - On the action of the anticonvulsant 5,5-diphenylhydantoin and the convulsant picrotoxin in crayfish stretch receptor. AB - 1. The effects of the anticonvulsant drug 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and the convulsant drug picrotoxin (PTX) on various membrane properties and GABA-ergic inhibition were investigated in the slowly adapting neurone of the isolated crayfish stretch receptor. The soma was penetrated with two micro-electrodes to allow accurate determination of membrane conductances. 2. Neither DPH nor PTX at 10(-4) M had any significant effect on parameters of the anti- or orthodromic action potential or on the amplitude and duration of post-tetanic hyperpolarization. This suggests that the pharmacological properties of the two drugs are unlikely to be mediated by effects on cationic movements in this preparation. 3. DPH increased the amplitude and duration of the inhibitory post synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.) within the range 10(-9) to 10(-4) M. The response to ionophoretically applied GABA was similarly prolonged. 4. PTX decreased the amplitude of the i.p.s.p. and prolonged its rising phase within the range 10(-8) to 10(-4) M. The response to ionophoretically applied GABA was similarly depressed. 5. A slow component of fluctuations in the resting potential was accentuated by DPH at 10(-4) M and eliminated by PTX 10(-4) M. This may reflect effects on the random opening and closing of inhibitory channels. 6. We conclude that the action of both drugs is post-synaptic and suggest that DPH decreases the probability of closing, and PTX the probability of opening, of the transmitter activated channels. 7. The lack of any structural similarity between the two drugs suggests that they modify post-synaptic inhibition at separate sites. These sites appear to be interdependent since analysis of the shift in the DPH dose response curve by PTX and vice versa, showed neither truly non-competitive nor competitive interaction. PMID- 7310709 TI - The effect of knee joint afferent discharge on transmission in flexion reflex pathways in decerebrate cats. AB - 1. Changes in excitability of reflex arcs mediating flexion withdrawal ad crossed extensor reflexes have been examined in decerebrate cats. 2. The excitability of flexion withdrawal and crossed extensor reflexes was shown to be modulated by knee joint position. Flexion withdrawal reflexes were most easily elicited when the knee was extended and crossed extensor reflexes were most easily elicited when the knee was flexed. 3. The modulation of transmission was not confined to reflex pathways to muscles acting at the knee but also included pathways to muscles acting at the hip and ankle, as well as pathways to muscles in the contralateral limb. 4. The changing excitability of reflex pathways caused by movement of the knee joint was unrelated to the stretch applied to muscles acting at the knee and to cutaneous afferent discharge. Modulation of reflex excitability by joint movement was totally abolished by local anaesthesia of the knee joint in an otherwise intact limb. 5. The results of the present experiments indicate that transmission in flexion reflex pathways can be inhibited by knee joint afferent discharge. PMID- 7310710 TI - Mechanics of competition walking. AB - 1. The work done at each step to lift and accelerate the centre of mass of the body has been measured in competition walkers during locomotion from 2 to 20 km/hr. 2. Three distinct phases characterize the mechanics of walking. From 2 to 6 km/hr the vertical displacement during each step, Sv, increases to a maximum (3.5 vs. 6 cm in normal walking) due to an increase in the amplitude of the rotation over the supporting leg. 3. The transfer, R, between potential energy of vertical displacement and kinetic energy of forward motion during this rotation, reaches a maximum at 4-5 km/hr (R = 65%). From 6 to 10 km/hr R decreases more steeply than in normal walking, indicating a smaller utilization of the pendulum like mechanism characteristic of walking. 4. Above 10 km/hr potential and kinetic energies vary during each step because both are simultaneously taken up and released by the muscles with almost no transfer between them (R = 2-10%). Above 13-14 km/hr an aerial phase (25-60 msec) takes place during the step. 5. Speeds considerably greater than in normal walking are attained thanks to a greater efficiency of doing positive work. This is made possible by a mechanism of locomotion allowing an important storage and recovery of mechanical energy by the muscles. PMID- 7310707 TI - Effects of efferent stimulation on the saccule of goldfish. AB - 1. The effect of single or repetitive stimulation applied to efferent nerve fibres on afferent nerve activity and microphonic potentials was studied in the saccule of goldfish. 2. The sound-evoked excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) recorded intracellularly from afferent eighth nerve fibres were reduced in size or completely abolished by efferent stimulation. The maximum inhibitory effect produced by repetitive efferent stimulation was equivalent to reducing the sound intensity by 10-25 db. Spontaneous miniature e.p.s.p.s were also suppressed by efferent stimulation. 3. The effect of single efferent stimulation appeared with a delay of 607 msec and lasted for about 40 msec, reaching its peak at about 12 msec. The slow and prolonged time course makes a sharp contrast with the very fast time course of afferent synaptic action. 4. The application of hyperpolarizing current through the recording micro-electrode revealed no sign of a post-synaptic increase in membrane conductance during inhibition. Hence, the inhibition was mostly attributable to a presynaptic action, i.e. to a suppression of transmitter release from hair cells. 5. Individual e.p.s.p.s were evoked in response to each wave of sound without any change in latency, but reached their peak much earlier during inhibition than in the control period. A likely explanation for this finding is that transmitter is released from hair cells during inhibition only in the early part of the stimulatory phase of the sound wave. 6. The extracellularly recorded microphonic potentials showed a slight increase in amplitude during efferent stimulation. 7. The nature and site of action of efferent nerve action are discussed along with some drug effects. PMID- 7310708 TI - Osmosensitivity of the hepatic portal vein area and vasopressin release in rats. AB - 1. The role of intraperitoneal osmoreceptors in hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal control was studied in urethane- or nembutal-anaesthetized rats. Plasma samples were taken for radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin, and the electrical activity of single supraoptic endocrine neurones and of the hypothalamo neurohypophyseal tract were monitored during superfusion of the hepatic portal vein with hypo-, iso- and hypertonic solutions. 2. Plasma arginine vasopressin increased within 1 min following superfusion with 0.3-0.9 osmolal NaCl solutions in a dose-related manner from basal levels of 30 pg/ml, to 170 pg/ml. Prior superfusion with xylocaine or intravenous infusions of 800 micrograms atropine methyl bromate abolished this response, although vasopressin was still released to nicotine in atropine-blocked rats. 3. Portal vein superfusions had no significant effects on arterial blood pressure, plasma osmolality and plasma Na concentrations. 4. Forty supraoptic neurones were antidromically activated from the neural lobe/stalk region. Superfusions of the portal vein with NaCl solutions (0.33-1.20 osmole/kg, 37 degrees C, 5-120 sec) stimulated seven out of eight phasically firing and eight out of twenty-four continuously firing neurones. One phasically active, ten continuously firing and four silent cells were not affected, and six continuously firing neurones were inhibited by the superfusions. 5. The amplitude decreases of antidromic compound action potentials in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract, reflecting an increase of the orthodromic nerve impulse traffic, ranged from 17 to 22% for superfusions with 1.2 osmolal NaCl or LiCl solutions, from 8 to 11% for 1.2 osmolal Na isethionate or choline Cl and from 3 to 9% for 1.2 osmolal glucose; there was no effect when 1.2 osmolal urea and isotonic or hypotonic NaCl solutions were applied. 6. Responses of the amplitude of compound action potentials to superfusions with 1.2 osmolal NaCl solutions or with 0.1 mumole ACh, but not to electrical stimulation of the portal vein or its superfusion with 1.2 osmolal KCl, were abolished by prior application of 0.3 mumole atropine sulphate. Prior superfusions with xylocaine abolished the responses to all stimuli above. 7. These results suggest that within the hepatic portal vein area there are osmosensitive receptor cells and/or nerve terminals which activate the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system through a peripheral cholinergic mechanism. PMID- 7310711 TI - Modification, by tractive loading, of the energy cost of walking in sheep, cattle and man. AB - 1. A study was made in sheep and cattle walking on a treadmill, of the alteration to the energy expenditure that was caused by voluntarily exerted tension in the tether between animal and treadmill. 2. An additional experiment was carried out to investigate in human subjects walking on a treadmill, the alteration to the energy expenditure as a result of positive and negative tractive loads applied at waist level through a rope parallel to the plane of the treadmill. 3. Alterations to the net energy expenditure when walking were generally similar in the three species and varied with speed and gradient up to a maximum value of approximately 0.04 J per metre walked per gram of tension or negative load. PMID- 7310712 TI - Non-linearities in the responses of turtle hair cells. AB - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from single cochlear hair cells in the isolated half-head of the turtle. Receptor potentials were recorded while the ear was stimulated with high-intensity tones in order to examine the cochlear non linearities which shape the hair cell responses.2. The size of a hair cell's voltage response to a tone burst was reduced, abolished and then reversed by steady depolarizing currents of increasing strength. The average current needed to produce reversal was about 0.3 nA, the reversal potential being close to zero with respect to the scala tympani.3. Short current pulses injected on the peaks and dips of the receptor potential showed that the membrane resistance and time constant were decreased on the depolarizing phase of the receptor potential. These changes were not due to non-linearity in the hair cell's current-voltage curve in the absence of acoustic stimulation. The results are consistent with the idea that the transducer causes the cell to depolarize by increasing the membrane conductance to ions with an equilibrium potential close to zero.4. Saturated receptor potentials from poorly tuned cells exhibited a pronounced asymmetry, with the maximum depolarizing excursion being several times the maximum hyperpolarizing excursion. This asymmetry was not seen in sharply tuned cells. It is proposed that the asymmetry is present in the transducer conductance change and in sharply tuned cells is reduced in the receptor potential by subsequent filtering.5. For high sound pressures which produced close to a saturated response, the hair cell voltage wave form displayed a number of non-linear features dependent upon the frequency of stimulation relative to the characteristic frequency (c.f.). The most prominent feature occurred at very low frequencies where the potential exhibited damped oscillations on the depolarizations and hyperpolarizations; these ;ringing frequencies' lay above and below the c.f. of the cell respectively.6. The ;ringing frequencies' varied with the c.f. of the cell but for a given cell were largely independent of the frequency of stimulation. The ;ringing frequencies' could be changed by injecting steady currents into the cell during acoustic stimulation; depolarizing currents increased the ringing frequencies and hyperpolarizing currents decreased the frequencies.7. The hair cell's response to a continuous test tone at the c.f. of the cell could be suppressed by simultaneous addition of a second tone whose sound presure was comparable to, or greater than, the test tone. The degree of suppression varied with the intensity and frequency of the second tone, and was maximal close to the c.f. of the cell. The sound pressure required to produce a constant suppression as a function of frequency was sharply tuned, and the tuning of the suppression showed similarities to the frequency selectivity of two-tone suppression described in the auditory nerve.8. An attempt was made to reconstruct the main features of the receptor potential at high intensities. PMID- 7310713 TI - The human ventilatory response to stimulation by transient hypoxia. AB - 1. The detailed pattern of transient changes in breathing pattern has been studied following a brief hypoxic stimulus (three breaths of nitrogen) in nine healthy subjects. All showed an increase in ventilation of which the magnitude and relative contributions of volume and frequency varied between subjects. 2. Ventilation, tidal volume, inspiratory, expiratory and total breath time were recorded or derived breath-by-breath; for each of these variables, several test sequences were time-averaged at half-second intervals for each individual; similarly, time-averages were obtained for percentage changes from base line over all nine subjects. 3. There ws an increase in inspiratory time accompanying the increasing tidal volume, in all but two subjects. This was statistically significant over all subjects, and in five individuals. Frequency changes were the resultant of alterations in the two phases; when total breath duration decreased it was always linked to a decrease in expiratory time. 4. Further analysis of the initial part of the response suggests that an increase of the duration of an inspiration may be the first change allowing an increase in tidal volume, before the 'drive' increases; this may be a dynamic feature of the control system whatever the nature and site of action of the stimulus. PMID- 7310714 TI - The effect of prolonged propranolol administration on myocardial transmural capillary density in young rabbits. AB - 1. As a sequel to previous evidence that prolonged beta-adrenoceptor blockade in young rabbits led to a relative increase in the capillarity of ventricular muscle, an attempt has been made to localize and quantify the capillary density from epicardium to endocardium in 12-week old rabbits treated for 6 weeks with propranolol (3 mg kg-1) S.C. twice daily and in litter-mates treated with saline (controls). 2. Full-thickness 0.5 micrometers sections of the left ventricular wall were point-counted in 200 micrometers steps. In the controls the capillary 'volume density' decreased progressively below the epicardial surface from a value of 9% to reach a minimum of 7.1% at a depth of 2.5 mm. Capillary density then increased again towards the endocardium, reaching a maximum of 11.5% in the trabeculae carnae (depth 3.5 mm). 3. In the treated animals the capillary density was increased in the mid wall at 2.3 and 2.5 mm, but significantly decreased in the trabeculae at 3.7 mm (P less than 0.05). 4. A more detailed analysis was undertaken at depths of 0.7 (Epi), 2.3 (Endo) and 3.5 mm (Trab), comprising estimates of capillary number, capillary diameter and intercapillary distance, via the stereological parameters of mean intercept length and mean free distance. 5. In the controls the order was Epi greater than Trab greater than Endo for number, Trab greater than Endo greater than Epi for diameter and Endo greater than Epi greater than Trab for intercapillary distance. 6. In the treated rabbits the mean intercapillary distance was significantly reduced in the epicardial (by 17.5%, P less than 0.05) and endocardial zones (by 32%, P less than 0.005), but was not significantly altered (+3.7%, P greater than 0.05) in the trabeculae. 7. The non-uniform distribution of capillaries in the controls illustrates that detection of changes in transmural capillary density requires that the depth of samples be measured from the epicardial surface and not, owing to the presence of trabeculae carnae, from the endocardium. 8. If similar treatment effects were to occur in man, they would suggest that prolonged beta-blockade could induce an increase in capillary density which would render the ventricular mid wall less susceptible to ischaemia. PMID- 7310716 TI - Epithelial solute permeability, ion transport and tight junction morphology in the developing lung of the fetal lamb. AB - 1. Experiments were performed on exteriorized fetal lambs of between 69 days' gestation and term (147 days) in order to observe changes in lung volume and lung liquid secretion rate, and to delineate any alterations in solute permeability, ion transport and tight junction morphology in the maturing lung epithelium. Whilst it was technically possible to measure solute permeability as early as 69 days it was not feasible to apply the Ussing flux ratio technique before 84 days.2. Fetal lung liquid volume and secretion rate, when normalized for body weight, increase linearly with gestation, whereas tracheal volume expressed in the same manner remains constant.3. When expressed in terms of pore theory, epithelial permeability to small polar non-electrolytes does not change between 69 days and term (equivalent pore radius 0.66 nm and 0.64 nm respectively).4. In the immature fetus of 69-76 days, mean epithelial tight junction strand number is 8.3, whereas by the end of gestation it has fallen to 4.6.5. The transfer constants (min(-1)) for sodium and chloride movement in the direction lung liquid to plasma are, respectively, some 6 and 4 times greater at 84-87 days than at term.6. As in the mature fetus, the lung epithelium at 84-87 days actively transports chloride from plasma to lung lumen, albeit with a slightly reduced transport e.m.f. Sodium movement does not, at any gestational age, differ from the predictions for passive transfer.7. In lung liquid the concentrations of chloride and potassium increase and that of bicarbonate decreases during gestation, whilst that of sodium does not change. The rises in lung liquid chloride and potassium concentrations follow those in plasma, maintaining plasma/lung liquid ratios of 0.7 and 0.95 respectively. However, plasma bicarbonate remains constant and the plasma/lung liquid ratio for bicarbonate rises from 3 at 69-76 days to 20 near term as the lung liquid bicarbonate falls from 9.8 to under 2 m-mole kg(-1) H(2)O.8. Whereas lung liquid protein concentration remains constant and low at about 0.35 g l.(-1), plasma protein concentration rises from 23 g l.(-1) at 69-76 days to 43 g l.(-1) near term. During the same period arterial blood pressure doubles. PMID- 7310715 TI - Diastolic scattered light fluctuation, resting force and twitch force in mammalian cardiac muscle. AB - 1. When coherent light was passed through isolated isometric cardiac muscles during the diastolic or resting period, intensity fluctuations were observed in the scattered field. The frequency of these intensity fluctuations (f((1/2))) varied with many experimental interventions known to enhance Ca(2+) flux into the cell.2. In rat muscles stimulated at low frequencies (0.1 +/- 2.0 min(-1)) stepwise increases (0.4-10 mm) of [Ca(2+)] in the bathing fluid ([Ca(2+)](e)), or addition of ouabain (10(-6)-6 x 10(-4)m) to the perfusate caused stepwise increases in f((1/2)). These were paralleled by increments in resting force (RF) such that the changes in f((1/2)) and RF were highly correlated. Substitution of K(+) for Na(+) in the perfusate resulted in parallel transients in RF and f((1/2)).3. In contrast to the rat, most cat muscles stimulated at low frequencies in the steady state exhibited neither diastolic intensity fluctuations nor Ca(2+)-dependent changes in RF in [Ca(2+)](e) of 10 mm or less; when [Ca(2+)](e) was increased to 12-32 mm, however, steady-state Ca(2+) dependent f((1/2)) and RF were observed. In a given [Ca(2+)](e) reduction of [Na(+)](e) increased f((1/2)). In the transient state following cessation of regular stimulation at more rapid rates (12-96 min(-1)) intensity fluctuations were present in all [Ca(2+)](e) and decayed with time (seconds to minutes); the f((1/2)) and time course of the decay of the fluctuations were determined by the rate of prior stimulation and [Ca(2+)](e).4. Maximum potentiation of twitch force in response to the above inotropic interventions was associated with an optimal level of f((1/2)) which was similar in both species; when higher levels of f((1/2)) were produced by more intense inotropic intervention, twitch force declined. Over the range of inotropic intervention up to and including that at which maximum twitch potentiation occurred, the increase in diastolic f((1/2)) predicted the extent of twitch potentiation with a high degree of accuracy (r > 0.97) both in the transient and steady states.5. In contrast to the other inotropic interventions studied, catecholamines were unique in that neither f((1/2)) nor RF increased over a full range of concentrations that resulted in maximum potentiation of the twitch.6. It is concluded from these observations that f((1/2)) reflects diastolic Ca(2+)-dependent myofilament interaction; the increase in the extent of this interaction by inotropic interventions that do not alter the affinity of the myofilaments for Ca(2+) probably reflects an increase in diastolic myoplasmic [Ca(2+)], an optimal level of which is associated with maximal potentiation of twitch force; the difference in f((1/2)) in rat and cat muscles under a given set of in vitro conditions may be related to the marked species difference in the effectiveness of excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 7310717 TI - Role of a renal arginylesteropeptidase in the production of a renotrophic factor in unilaterally nephrectomized rats. AB - 1. Renal cortical slices incubated for 4 hr in culture medium in the presence of either dibutyrylguanosine-3': 5'-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic GMP, 10( 6)m) or freeze-dried normal rat plasma (35 mug mg(-1) wet wt. tissue) did not show any change in dry weight or protein content. However, addition of freeze dried normal plasma together with dibutyryl cyclic GMP led to an increase in both parameters.2. Unilateral nephrectomy produced a marked increase in the level of arginylesteropeptidase in the renal cortex of the remaining kidney. A similar increase was observed in renal cortical slices incubated with dibutyryl cyclic GMP in vitro.3. The renal cortical esteropeptidase was inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF, 2 mm). The inhibitor did not, however, prevent the normal increase of dry weight and protein content of renal cortical slices incubated with plasma from unilaterally nephrectomized rats. Similarly, control normal plasma incubated with cortical slices from a kidney removed 10 min after unilateral nephrectomy became endowed with renotrophic activity (Dicker & Morris, 1980b) but this activation was abolished by PMSF.4. Control plasma treated with a purified arginylesteropeptidase and incubated for 4 hr with renal cortical slices produced a hypertrophy of the slices similar to that evoked by plasma from a unilaterally nephrectomized rat.5. Since following unilateral nephrectomy there is a rapid increase in the level of cyclic GMP in the renal cortical tissue of the remaining kidney (Dicker & Greenbaum, 1977) it is suggested that this increase leads to the induction of a specific arginylesteropeptidase. The possibility that the enzyme then cleaves a renotrophic precursor normally present in the plasma, so converting it to an active form, is discussed. PMID- 7310718 TI - A comparison of the recurrent inhibition of alpha- and gamma-motoneurones in the cat. AB - 1. The degree of recurrent inhibition of tonically firing alpha- and gamma motoneurones to triceps surae muscles was assessed in decerebrated cats by measuring the change in probability of firing caused by an antidromic volley in other motoneurone axons. 2. In nine cats 91% (thirty-one out of thirty-three) of alpha- and 54% (twenty-five out of forty-six) of gamma-motoneurones could be inhibited by antidromic volleys in alpha-motoneurone axons. 3. The degree of recurrent inhibition, expressed as the average reduction in probability of firing during the response, was typically in the range of 59-95% for alpha-motoneurones compared to 20-85% for gamma-motoneurones. 4. The duration of recurrent inhibition was 20-50 msec for alpha-motoneurones and 5-40 msec for gamma motoneurones. The duration was dependent upon the frequency of firing of a neurone, being shorter at high frequencies than at low frequencies. When alpha- and gamma-motoneurones had similar frequencies of discharge the durations of their recurrent inhibition were comparable. 5. Raising the strength of electrical stimulation to elicit an antidromic volley in gamma- as well as alpha-motoneurone axons never produced or increased recurrent inhibition in either type of motoneurone. 6. The quantitative differences in recurrent inhibition of alpha- and gamma-motoneurones are discussed in relation to the control of firing frequency. PMID- 7310719 TI - An ATP-dependent sodium-sodium exchange in strophanthidin poisoned dialysed squid giant axons. AB - 1. Dialysed giant axons from the squid have been used to study some of the properties of the Na+ fluxes when the Na+ pump is fully inhibited by strophanthidin. 2. In axons which had been depleted of ATP, strophanthidin had no effect on Na+ efflux. Similar negative results were obtained in axons dialysed with and without internal or external K+, and with or without 100 microM-internal Ca2+. 3. In the presence of 60 mM-internal Na+, 440 mM-external Na+ and strophanthidin, the fluxes of Na+ had the following characteristics. (i) ATP stimulated an efflux and an influx of Na+ of similar magnitude. The K1/2 for ATP, measured from its effect on Na+ efflux, was about 200 microM. (ii) The non hydrolysable ATP analogue adenylyl(beta, gamma-methylene)-diphosphonate (AMP PCP), at 2 mM concentration, either alone or in combination with 2 mM-internal phosphate, failed to stimulate any efflux of Na+. (iii) The ATP-dependent Na+ efflux was not affected by removal of internal or external K+, or external Mg2+ or Ca2+, and was not dependent on internal Ca2+. (iv) within the resolution of the method, all the ATP-dependent Na+ influx required internal Na+, and all the ATP-dependent Na+ efflux required external Na+. From the magnitude of the unidirectional Na+ fluxes the stoichiometry seemed to be a 1 to 1 Na+--Na+ exchange. 4. The ATP-internal Na+-dependent influx of Na+ in the presence of strophanthidin was not affected by 1 mM-vandate in the dialysis solution, a concentration which fully inhibits the Na+ efflux through the Na+ pump that is activated by external K+. 5. In the presence of external Na+, the external K+ sites of the Na+ pump are completely saturated with 100 mM-external K+. In unpoisoned axons incubated with 100 mM-external K+, replacement of external Na+ with Tris+ produced no change in the efflux of Na+. However, in axons poisoned with 50 microM-strophanthidin, replacement of external Na+ with Tris+ resulted in a reversible inhibition of Na+ efflux. This could suggest that strophanthidin poisoning might induce Na+ (cations?) fluxes which are not present in normal conditions. PMID- 7310720 TI - Mechanisms of static and dynamic stereopsis in foveal cortex of the rhesus monkey. AB - 1. The sensation of stereoscopic depth rests on the central neural processing of signals evoked by the two retinal images of a single object in space. It was our purpose in this study to investigate in the behaving monkey the binocular cortical mechanisms that might underlie the ability to recognize the relative position and motion of objects in three-dimensional space.2. The large majority of neurones studied in A17 (n = 245), and all neurones studied in A18 (n = 21), were functionally connected to both eyes, and a substantial proportion (75%) of these neurones were sensitive to positional binocular disparity. On the basis of their depth sensitivity profile, four types of stereoscopic neurones were recognized, each type characteristically sensitive to visual contours appearing in depth farther than, at, or nearer than the point of binocular fixation.3. Tuned excitatory and tuned inhibitory neurones display binocular facilitation and binocular suppression respectively, to stimuli over a narrow range of small disparities, including zero disparity, with more or less pronounced reciprocal responses to stimuli with larger disparities. These neurones, the tuned excitatory in particular, may be considered to be the substrate for central fusion of slightly disparate retinal images, and to provide the basis for the neural mechanisms leading to three-dimensional perception of objects with high stereoacuity (fine stereopsis).4. Two other sets of reciprocally organized neurones, near and far neurones, respond differentially to wider ranges of crossed and uncrossed disparities. The near neurones are activated by stimuli in front of and inhibited by stimuli behind fixation. The far neurones have the reciprocal depth sensitivity. These neural elements may be regarded as active in the processing of binocular information leading to qualitative depth estimates in the presence of double vision (coarse stereopsis).5. Binocular response selectivity for the direction of object motion-in-depth depends chiefly upon monocular sensitivity to the direction of retinal image motion, a property we observed in about one half of the foveal neurones. Cortical neurones with the same directional sensitivity for monocular stimuli in both eyes display coarse binocular selectivity for the trajectory of object motion but provide unambiguous signals for the direction of motion, towards the right or towards the left within the depth domain of the neurone. A small group of neurones (3%) displays opposite and opponent directional sensitivity for stimuli in the two eyes. Their binocular response, therefore, is best when the two retinal images move in opposite directions at the same time, a condition that obtains with motion directly towards or away from the animal with little or no lateral movement. These directionally dual-opponent cells usually have coarse or no selectivity for position-in-depth.6. The results of this study indicate that basic mechanisms for the stereoscopic analysis of the position (static) and motion (dynamic) of objects in space relative to one another are present at early stages of binocular interaction in the visual cortex of primates, and that they are in effective action during normal binocular vision. PMID- 7310721 TI - The effect of external potassium on the removal of sodium inactivation in squid giant axons. AB - 1. The effect of external and internal electrolytes on the parameters of the Na conductance, in particular on the time constant of removal of Na inactivation, was studied in intact and perfused squid giant axons under voltage-clamp conditions. 2. Adding 20-40 mM-KCl, -CsCl or -RbCl to K-free sea water reversibly increased the time constant of removal of inactivation by a factor of about 1.3; adding 20 mM-NaCl had no effect. The time constant of development of inactivation was decreased. The results are consistent with a -5 mV shift of the tau h(V) curve. The sodium activation (m infinity 3) and inactivation (h infinity) curves were shifted by the same amount. 3. Raising external Ca, by contrast, decreased the time constant of removal of inactivation and increased the time constant of development of inactivation, i.e. shifted the tau h(V) curve to more positive internal potentials. A free Ca concentration of 0.1 mM in the internal solution had no effect on Na inactivation. 3. The observations are compatible with the idea that external K, Cs or Rb interfere with the binding of Ca to negative fixed charges at the outer side of the membrane, thereby causing a shift in the opposite direction to the shift produced by raising external Ca. 5. Replacing two thirds of the internal K by Na reversibly increased the time constant of removal of sodium inactivation and moved the tau h(V) curve in the vertical direction. PMID- 7310722 TI - Properties and distribution of ionic conductances generating electroresponsiveness of mammalian inferior olivary neurones in vitro. AB - The electrophysiological properties of the high- and low-threshold Ca spikes described in inferior olivary neurones were analysed in detail. 1. During hyperpolarization the low- and high-threshold Ca action potentials can coexist as two distinct spikes, demonstrating non-mutual exclusion. 2. The high-threshold Ca spike shows a lack of refractoriness, is generated remotely from the site of recording and is composed of several all-or-none components, the last two properties suggesting a dendritic origin. 3. Hyperpolarization of the neurones allows the activation of the low-threshold Ca spike, which has activation properties resembling those of the early K conductance described in invertebrates. This low-threshold Ca spike shows refractoriness. 4. The relation between membrane polarization and low-threshold Ca spike is S-shaped. Low threshold Ca spikes become apparent at -70 mV and have a maximum rate of rise (saturation) at polarization levels more negative than -85 mV. Thus, hyperpolarization removes a voltage-dependent Ca inactivation which is present at normal resting membrane potential (-65 mV). 5. Replacement of extracellular Ca by Ba or addition of tetraethylammonium to the bath corroborates the lack of fast inactivation for the high-threshold Ca spike and the inactivation properties of the low-threshold Ca conductance. It also demonstrates that the duration of the after-depolarization is determined by an interplay between inward Ca current and both voltage-dependent and Ca-dependent K currents. 6. Extracellular recordings from single cells indicate that the Na-dependent spike and the low-threshold Ca action potential are somatic in origin, while the high-threshold Ca spike (after depolarization) and the hyperpolarization that follows are apparently located in the dendrites. 7. The ionic conductances comprise the main components of the oscillatory behaviour of these cells. The sequence of events leading to oscillation entails initially a low-threshold Ca spike or Na spike, followed by an after-depolarization/after-hyperpolarization sequence and then a post-anodal exaltation product by a rebound low-threshold Ca spike. PMID- 7310723 TI - The recruitment order of gamma-motoneurones in the decerebrate rabbit. AB - 1. The order of firing (i.e. recruitment order) of gastrocnemius medialis gamma motoneurones to natural stimulation of the limbs has been studied in the precollicular decerebrate rabbit. 2. Recruitment order was not invariable. However, when a fixed order occurred there was a significant tendency for neurones to be recruited in order of increasing axonal conduction velocity. The functional significance of this finding is discussed. 3. In the preparation used, many gamma-motoneurones were spontaneously active. 4. Two types of gamma motoneurone were distinguished on the basis of their resting discharge characteristics and responses to natural stimulation. 5. A significant correlation between resting discharge frequency and axonal conduction velocity was found for gamma-motoneurones that were predominantly excited by natural stimulation. PMID- 7310724 TI - Spatial contrast sensitivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat. AB - 1. The responses to visual stimuli of cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat were recorded with micro-electrodes. 2. Maps made with small spots of light showed that most units had concentrically organized receptive fields. Some units gave 'on-off' responses to spots flashed anywhere within the receptive field. These units were not directionally selective. 3. By the use of grating patterns as stimuli, units with concentrically organized receptive fields could be divided into groups that showed linear or non-linear spatial summation. Those unit showing linear spatial summation behaved like the 'X' cells of the cat, those showing non-linear summation like 'Y' cells. 4. 'On-off' units showed non-linear spatial summation of a kind that readily distinguished them from Y cells. 5. Measurements of spatial contrast sensitivity made with moving gratings showed, for both X and Y cells, peak sensitivities for spatial frequencies between 0.05 and 0.09 c/deg X and Y cells were not distinguished by their preferred spatial frequencies at any eccentricity. PMID- 7310725 TI - Responses of carotid body chemosensory activity and blood flow to stimulation of sympathetic nerves in the cat. AB - 1. The effects of electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves on sinus nerve chemosensory activity and carotid body blood flow were investigated in anaesthetized cats. 2. Two categories, designated as types I and II, of excitatory responses of chemosensory discharges to sympathetic stimulation were distinguished. Type I responses displayed elevations in impulse frequencies which were usually maximal in the initial 10-20 sec of stimulation, resisted alpha adrenoceptor antagonism induced by phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine and were enhanced after administration of the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol. Type II responses showed increases in impulse frequencies which became more pronounced as stimulation progressed. These responses were susceptible to alpha-adrenoceptor blockade, were unaffected by haloperidol administration and were usually recorded during systemic hypotension. 3. Inhibitory changes due to activation of sympathetic fibres were recorded in 10% of chemosensory preparations. These effects were usually either abolished or replaced by type I excitatory responses after haloperidol administration. 4. Sympathetic stimulation caused reductions of carotid body blood flow during both natural and artificial perfusion of the organ. This effect was abolished or considerably attenuated by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonism and was unaffected by haloperidol administration. 5. Possible mechanisms which could account for the influences of sympathetic stimulation on chemoreceptor activity and carotid body blood flow are discussed. It is concluded that inhibitory and type I excitatory responses probably arise from activation of sympathetic fibres with non-vascular terminations within the carotid body. Type II excitatory responses are most likely due to blood flow changes. PMID- 7310726 TI - L-proline transport by brush border membrane vesicles prepared from human placenta. AB - 1. Brush border microvillous plasma membranes were prepared from syncytiotrophoblast of human term placenta by a method of differential centrifugation. 2. Such plasma membranes form closed, osmotically active, right side-out vesicles into which L-proline (188 microM) is shown to be transported in a time-dependent manner. There is no detectable metabolism of L-proline within the vesicles during 30 min of incubation. 3. Transient accumulation of L-proline to levels of up to three times its equilibrium value occurs in the presence of an inward gradient of sodium chloride. The proline and sodium are shown to have reached electrochemical equilibrium by 30 min, at which stage there is about 100 pmol L-proline mg protein-1. 4. This transient accumulation is abolished by the prior equilibration of the sodium chloride gradient, or by the replacement of sodium by inwardly directed gradients of other cations. Entry of the amino acid into the vesicles is also shown to be influenced by the permeability of the anion in the medium and by an imposed potassium diffusion potential. L-Proline transport across the brush border membrane of human placental syncytiotrophoblast is thus a sodium-dependent, electrogenic process. 5. Studies of the transport processes indicate saturation at higher concentrations of L-proline with a 'Km' of about 1 mM; Vmax averaged about 2 nmol mg protein-1 min-1 varied considerably between preparations. 6. L-Proline (188 microM) transport is inhibited competitively by the presence of many amino acids and by the dipeptide glycyl-L proline. The Ki for inhibition by methyl AIB is 300 microM. 7. These findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of transplacental amino acid transfer. PMID- 7310727 TI - The effects of stimulation of autonomic nerves on carotid body blood flow in the cat. AB - 1. The effects of electrical stimulation of the distal ends of cut preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunks and cut sinus nerves on carotid body total blood flow, local blood flow and tissue PO2 (Pt,O2) were studied in anaesthetized cats. 2. Sympathetic stimulation caused reductions, often marked, of the total blood flow through the carotid body, yet did not influence local flow or Pt,O2 recorded by electrodes whose tips lay in deep locations within the carotid body. Intraglomeral electrodes did respond to reductions of perfusion pressure and to perfusions of the carotid body with saline solutions. 3. Values of Pt,O2 recorded from superficial tissues of the carotid body were higher than those from deeper locations and were increased by blowing oxygen over the surface of the organ. In these locations, sympathetic stimulation increased Pt,O2. 4. An increase in the frequency of sinus nerve chemosensory discharges during sympathetic stimulation was obtained in the presence of an unchanged Pt,O2 recorded from deep glomeral locations. 5. Stimulation of the distal end of the sinus nerve increased the total blood flow through the carotid body but did not affect local flow or Pt,O2 recorded from deep glomeral locations. 6. It is concluded that autonomic nerves supplying the carotid body mainly influence arteriovenous anastomotic and/or other shunt vessels, with little control being exerted on vessels regulating the flow through the capillary network of the specific tissue. This investigation also indicates that the flow in the capillary network of the specific tissue is a small proportion of the total flow. Support is given to the view that autonomic nerves can influence chemoreceptor activity by non-vascular mechanisms. PMID- 7310728 TI - Patterns of activity evoked in cerebellar interpositus nuclear neurones by natural somatosensory stimuli in awake cats. AB - 1. Stable extracellular unitary recordings were made from 138 cerebellar interpositus nuclear neurones (IPNs) in awake cats. Mean background discharge, in animals in a state of relaxed wakefulness and in the absence of overt movement, was 41.0+/-2.6 impulses/sec (mean+/-s.e.m).2. Animals were trained to accept a variety of sensory testing procedures without producing detectable motor reactions. Mechanical taps (1 mm amplitude; 20 msec overall duration) applied to the main pads or dorsal surfaces of the forepaws and/or hind paws modified discharge in forty-eight of 110 IPNs tested. Response patterns to taps generally comprised one or more of three basic components, namely: short-latency excitation, e(1), at onset latencies of 13.0+/-0.9 msec (mean+/-s.e.m.) for ipsilateral forepaw (iF) and 17.0+/-0.7 msec for ipsilateral hind paw (iH); a period of reduced discharge, at latencies 25.6+/-2.6 msec for iF and 32.3+/-2.1 msec for iH; a delayed acceleration of discharge, e(2), at latencies 47.4+/-4.6 msec for iF and 46.4+/-4.1 msec for iH. The component e(1) was the most common (present in 80% of responses) and e(2) the least common (present in 18% of responses).3. The majority (> 70%) of responses of IPNs to tap stimulation of the paws comprised net excitation.4. Convergence of tap-evoked sensory input from iF and iH on to individual IPNs was evident in eight of the thirty-five units tested with stimulation of both afferent sites.5. Approximately one third of IPNs so tested were sensitive to passive manipulation of limb joints in the quiet, awake cat. Sixteen of the forty-three IPNs so tested responded to displacement of the ipsilateral wrist and/or elbow joints and three of ten IPNs so tested responded to movement of contralateral forepaw joints. Corresponding proportions of IPNs responding to passive ankle and/or knee joint displacements were sixteen of thirty-six units tested and three of three units tested for ipsilateral and contralateral hind paws respectively. Convergence of input generated by manipulation of iF and iH joints on to individual IPNs was apparent in only three of twenty-four units tested at each site.6. Tactile stimulation (brushing fur, gentle pressure on the skin) of iF influenced discharge in twelve of thirty-seven IPNs tested and comparable iH-related cutaneous sensory fields were found for fourteen of twenty-eight IPNs tested.7. The modulations of discharge of IPNs associated with active movements of the stimulated limb were usually far more pronounced than those elicited by somatosensory stimulation in the quiet, relaxed animal.8. Responses of IPNs to natural somatosensory stimulation in the awake cat are compared with those previously described for anaesthetized or decerebrate preparations and with those found for electrical stimulation of cutaneous nerves in awake cats. In general IPN response patterns to precisely timed tap stimulation of the paws in the awake animal closely resembled those that would have been predicted from the earlier studies, although the time course of responses differed in certain respects. PMID- 7310729 TI - Amino acid transport in Myxicola giant axon: stability of the amino acid pool, taurine efflux, and trans effect of sodium. AB - 1. The giant axon of Myxicola infundibulum was assessed for its suitability as a model preparation for study of amino acid transport mechanisms.2. The amino acid composition of axoplasm was measured and compared with those of coelomic fluid, muscle and axon sheath. The axoplasmic composition is unique. Axoplasm/coelomic fluid concentration ratios are all much larger than 1. The axoplasmic amino acid concentrations are (mmol/kg plasm): cysteic acid (104), aspartic acid (75), glutamic acid (10), taurine (64), serine (5), glycine (191) and alanine (5). Other amino acids or primary amines, if present, must have concentrations of less than 1 mm.3. The size of the sheath amino acid pool is 12% or less of the axoplasmic pool.4. The amino acid pool of axons soaked in sea water for up to 24 h is stable. Removal of Na from sea water causes a large increase of net efflux and net production of amino acids.5. Net amino acid production can not be detected in sheath. Metabolic production occurs in axoplasm with little accumulation. Time scales for production and net efflux are therefore similar.6. The Myxicola axon has a vigorous amino acid metabolism and transport systems capable of relatively large fluxes. Homeostasis is strongly linked to Na and may involve Na-coupled co-transport. Conservation of transmembrane amino acid gradients could be promoted in part by trans inhibition of efflux by external Na.7. Taurine is a useful model substrate because it is not catabolized in Myxicola and its net efflux is sensitive to Na. [(3)H]taurine efflux was measured from injected axons. Fluxes and internally recorded action potentials are stable for up to 6 h.8. Axon sheaths take up [(3)H]taurine from 10 mm-taurine sea water with an apparent half-time of 5 h. [(3)H]taurine washout from the apparent extracellular space has a half-time of 5 min. Washout from sheath cells has a half-time of 2-3 h. Sheath is not an important parallel compartment for taurine fluxes in the axon.9. Taurine efflux has a Q(10) of 1.8.10. Taurine efflux is insensitive to external taurine concentrations up to 10 mm.11. Taurine efflux is sensitive to external Na, but only if internal Na is high.12. Taurine is transported by a low-affinity Na-dependent system in Myxicola axon. Results could be explained by a carrier which is more mobile in the empty state than in the substrate-loaded state. Trans inhibition of taurine efflux by external Na is an important property of the system, and contributes to conservation of axoplasmic taurine. PMID- 7310730 TI - Electrical current-induced contraction in the smooth muscle of the rabbit aorta. AB - 1. In the smooth muscle of rabbit aorta, the relationship between the change in membrane potential and the concentration evoked by current application was studied. 2. In normal Krebs solution, outward current produced contraction when the membrane was depolarized to about -45 mV and the membrane resistance was decreased. Further increase in the outward current intensity produced an increase in tension development with very small additional depolarization but with a marked decrease in membrane resistance. 3. With arteries depolarized to about -20 mV, in excess K solution of concentration more than 60 mM, outward current failed to produce further contraction. However, contraction was produced when the inward current was switched off. This may be due to removal of an inactivation process by hyperpolarization of the membrane. 4. In excess K solution, no relaxation was observed with inward current application. However, when artificial stretch was applied to the preparation immersed in 98 mM-K solution, a prolonged hyperpolarizing current of more than 3 sec could cause relaxation. 5. Ca-free solution and Mn ion (0.5 mM) blocked the concentration induced by outward current. Phentolamine and tetrodotoxin had not effect. 6. It is suggested that increased membrane conductance associated with depolarization by outward current increased the Ca influx which causes contraction. PMID- 7310731 TI - The dependence of sodium pumping and tension on intracellular sodium activity in voltage-clamped sheep Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. Intracellular Na activity (aiNa) was measured in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres using a recessed-tip Na+-sensitive micro-electrode. The membrane potentials was controlled with a two-micro-electrode voltage clamp. Tension was measured simultaneously. 2. Removing external K produced a rise of aiNa and both twitch and tonic tension. On adding 4-10 mM-[Rb]0 to reactivate the Na-K pump aiNa and tension declined. An electrogenic Na pump current transient accompanied the fall of aiNa. 3. The half-time of decay of the electrogenic Na pump current transient was similar to that of aiNa, (mean tNa0.5/tI0.5 = 0.97 +/- 0.03 (S.E.M.; n = 28)). Following the re-activation of the Na-K pump, the electrogenic Na pump current transient was linearly related to aiNa. 4. The duration of exposure to K free, Rb-free solutions was varied to change the level of aiNa. On subsequently re-activating the Na-K pump with 10 mM-[Rb]0, the ratio of the charge extruded to the total change of aiNa was constant. It is concluded that the fraction of Na extruded electrogenically is unaffected by changes of aiNa. About 26% of the total Na extrusion appeared as charge transfer. 5. The relationship between tonic tension and aiNa was usually different during Na-K pump inhibition in a K-free, Rb-free solution compared with the relationship during Na-K pump re-activation. In general, a given aiNa was associated with a greater level of tonic tension during Na-K pump inhibition compared with that during pump re-activation. A similar hysteresis was often seen between twitch tension and aiNa. PMID- 7310732 TI - The effects of rubidium ions and membrane potentials on the intracellular sodium activity of sheep Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. Intracellular Na activity, aiNa, was measured in voltage-clamped sheep cardiac Purkinke fibres. 2. Increasing [Rb]0 from 0 to 4 mM in K-free solutions (at a fixed membrane potential) decreased aiNa. Further increases of [Rb]0 (up to 20 mM) had little or no effect. 3. Following exposure to Rb-free, K-free solution, the addition of a test concentration of Rb produced an exponential decrease of aiNa. The rate constant of decay of aiNa increased with increasing [Rb]0 over the measured range (0-20 mM). 4. The accompanying electrogenic Na pump current transient decayed with the same rate constant as aiNa over the range of [Rb]0 examined. During this decay the electrogenic Na pump current was a linear function of aiNa. Increasing [Rb]0 increased the steepness of the dependence of the electrogenic current on aiNa. 5. A constant fraction of the net Na efflux was electrogenic. This fraction was not affected by varying [Rb]0 over the range 0-20 mM. 6. Using a simple model, it is shown that the dependence of steady-state aiNa on [Rb]0 is half-saturated by less than 1 mM-[Rb]0. The rate constant of decay of aiNa and the slope of the relationship between electrogenic Na pump current and aiNa are, however, better fitted with a lower affinity for Rb (K0.5 = 4 mM [Rb]0). 7. Depolarizing the membrane potential with the voltage clamp decreased aiNa; hyperpolarization increased it. These effects persisted in the presence of 10(-5) M-strophanthidin. An effect of membrane potential on the net passive Na influx can account for the observations. 8. The effects of membrane potential on the net passive Na influx were examined by measuring the maximum rate of rise of aiNa at different holding potentials after inhibiting the Na-K pump in a K-free, Rb-free solution. Depolarization decreased the Na influx. 9. Using the constant field equation, the net passive Na influx was used to estimate the apparent Na permeability coefficient, PNa. This was between 0.8 x 10(-8) and 1.5 x 10(-8) cm sec-1. PMID- 7310734 TI - Exchange characteristics of the noradrenaline-sensitive calcium store in vascular smooth muscle cells or rabbit ear artery. AB - 1. The amplitude of the noradrenaline-sensitive Ca stores has been estimated by measuring the amplitude of the transient contraction induced by the agonist in Ca free solution. or by measuring the amount of 45Ca released under these conditions. 2. The rate of filling of this store after depletion is much faster than the rate of depletion in Ca-free solution, and depends on [Ca]o in the bathing solution. The degree of filling also depends on [Ca]o. 3. At the same [Ca]o the degree of filling is higher in K-depolarized tissues than in control tissues. However at 10 mM-[Ca]o and 5.9 mM-K the amount of Ca taken up by the store is larger than that after loading in 0.2 mM-Ca and 141.4 mM-K, although the tissues remain relaxed during loading at 5.9 mM-K and contracted at 141.4 mM-K. 4. The Ca antagonists D600 and nicardipine selectively block the contraction induced by K depolarization, but do not affect appreciably the noradrenaline induced contraction. 5. The filling of the store is not significantly reduced by the presence of the Ca antagonists in solutions containing 5.9 mM-K. However these antagonists reduce the degree of filling in K-rich loading solution to a level which is lower than that observed in the control. 6. Mn blocks both the contraction induced by K-rich solution and the tonic component of the noradrenaline-induced contraction and its also inhibits filling of the store. 7. The results suggest that the filling of the store under physiological conditions occurs by a direct pathway between the store and the extracellular medium. PMID- 7310733 TI - The kinetics of ouabain-sensitive ionic transport in the rabbit carotid artery. AB - 1. Ouabain (0.1 mM)-sensitive 42K influx and 24Na efflux have been measured in rabbit carotid arteries under conditions of high cellular potassium, [K]i, as well as sodium, [Na]i. About 50% of the total fluxes are ouabain-sensitive (active) under conditions of high [K]i. 2. The extracellular space, determined by 60Co-EDTA, was relatively large in comparison to cellular water. The ionic concentrations in normal solution, estimated from isotope flux components, are: [Na]i = 24; [K]i = 169; [Cl]i = 68 mmol/l cell water. 3. The ouabain=sensitive 42K influx and 24Na efflux in high-K tissues were measured at varying external concentrations of potassium, [K]o, and normal concentrations of external sodium, [Na]o. Sigmoidal kinetics were observed and fitted to a co-operative interaction model. The maximal efflux of 24Na, 0.245 muequiv/g wet weight per minute, was about 1.4 times that for 42K influx. Half-maximal stimulation was achieved at [K]0.5o of 2.4 mM for Na, and 3.4 mM for K transport. The flux ratio of Na to K approximated 1.5. 4. Increased 42K efflux was found in the presence of ouabain and the passive influx of 42K was corrected for this effect. In the absence of this correction the ouabain-sensitive 42K influx would be reduced, and the Na/K flux ratio raised to about 2. 5. The [K]o-dependence of ouabain-sensitive fluxes was measured on Na-loaded tissues. 24Na efflux exhibited saturation kinetics with a maximum of 1.18 muequiv/g wet weight per minute and [K]0.5o = 3.1 mM. The 42K influx was two thirds the active Na efflux for [K]o less than or equal to 5 mM. At high [K]o, however, the influx greatly exceeded the predicted levels. Evidence is presented for a ouabain-sensitive membrane hyperpolarization being responsible for an additional influx of 42K. 6. The ouabain-sensitive 24Na efflux showed a sigmoidal dependence on [Na]i in the presence of [K]o = 10 mM and normal [Na]o. The maximal efflux was 0.88 muequiv/g weight per minute and [Na]0.5i = 49 mmol/l cell water, which is about twice the physiological operating point. 7. It is concluded that active Na and K transport in rabbit carotid artery follow sigmoidal kinetics and the flux ratio is about 1.5. Changes in [K]o and [Na]i over the physiological range can markedly affect transport, and may regulate vascular contraction by their action on electrogenic transport. PMID- 7310735 TI - Calcium-activated force responses in fast- and slow-twitch skinned muscle fibres of the rat at different temperatures. AB - 1. Force responses from mechanically skinned fibres of rat skeletal muscles (extensor digitorum longus and soleus) were measured at different temperatures in the range 3-35 degrees C following sudden changes in Ca2+ concentration in the preparations. 2. At all temperatures there were characteristic differences between the slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibres with respect to the relative steady-state force-[Ca2+] relation: such as a lower [Ca2+] threshold for activation and a less steep force-pCa curve in slow-twitch muscle fibres. 3. At 3 5 degrees C the force changes in both types of muscle fibres lagged considerably behind the estimated changes in [Ca2+] within the preparations and this enabled us to perform a comparative analysis of the Ca2+ kinetics in the process of force development in both muscle fibre types. This analysis suggest that two and six Ca2+ ions are involved in the regulatory unit for contraction of slow- and fast twitch muscle fibres respectively. 4. The rate of relaxation following a sudden decrease in [Ca2+] was much lower in the slow-twitch than in the fast-twitch muscle at 5 degrees C, suggesting that properties of the contractile apparatus could play an essential role in determining the rate of relaxation in vivo. 5. There was substantial variation in Ca2+ sensitivity between muscle fibres of the same type from different animals at each temperature. However the steepness of the force-[Ca2+] relation was essentially the same for all fibres of the same type. 6. A change in temperature from 5 to 25 degrees C had a statistically significant effect on the sensitivity of the fast-twitch muscle fibres, rendering them less sensitive to Ca2+ by a factor of 2. However a further increase in temperature from 25 to 35 degrees C did not have any statistically significant effect on the force-[Ca2+] relation in fast-twitch muscle fibres. 7. The effect of temperature on the Ca2+ sensitivity of slow-twitch muscle fibres was not statistically significant, mainly because of the large variation in sensitivity amongst these preparations at room temperature. 8. Two types of oscillatory processes not associated with intracellular membranes were observed in the force response of all slow-twitch muscle fibres when submaximally activated (less than 60% maximum force) at 25 and 35 degrees C, but never at 3-5 degrees C. The frequency of oscillations increased with temperature. 9. Maximum Ca2+-activated force in both muscle fibre types was greatly dependent upon temperature over the range 0-25 degrees C, but increased only slightly above 25 degrees C. 10. Experiments on the rigor state suggest that the number of possible actomyosin interacting sites diminishes considerably as temperature is decreased below 25 degrees C. PMID- 7310736 TI - Cross-correlation analysis of the maintained discharge of rabbit retinal ganglion cells. AB - 1. Simultaneous recordings were made from pairs of rabbit retinal ganglion cells. Physiological tests were used to classify the receptive field properties of each cell and the receptive field locations were mapped. 2. The statistical dependence between simultaneously recorded retinal ganglion cells was assessed by cross correlating the maintained discharge of the simultaneously recorded cells. Cross correlations from cell pairs in which the constituent cells had non-overlapping receptive field centres were statistically flat, reflecting no statistical dependence. 3. Most cell pairs consisting of transient and sustained concentric cells and having overlapping receptive field centres exhibited a correlated maintained discharge indicative of statistical dependence. The strength of the statistical dependence varied approximately inversely with the degree of overlap between the two cells comprising the cell pair. 4. Cell pairs consisting of two ON-centre cells or two OFF-centre cells and having overlapping receptive field centres possessed incremental cross-correlations which were characterized by a peak centred near zero. Cell pairs consisting of an ON-centre cell with an OFF centre and having overlapping receptive field centres possessed decremental cross correlations which were characterized by a valley centred near zero. 5. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a noise source provides shared input to two or more retinal ganglion cells. Bipolar and photoreceptors are the most likely sources of noise responsible for the statistical dependency between retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 7310737 TI - Single photon signals in fly photoreceptors and first order interneurones at behavioral threshold. AB - 1. The contrast sensitivity of the optomotor response of the fly Musca domestica was measured using a moving sinusoidal grating as the stimulus. In parallel experiments intracellular recordings were made from photoreceptors and first order visual interneurones to to determine their responses to the same threshold stimuli. Measurements of the spatial modulation transfer function for photoreceptors confirm that the optics of the eye were intact during recordings. 2. At the lowest intensity at which one can obtain an optomotor response, the photoreceptor signal is a train of discrete depolarizations, or bumps. With constant intensity stimuli, the temporal distribution of bumps followed the Poisson distribution with a mean rate of proportional to luminance. The mean bump rate at the threshold intensity for a behavioural response is 1.7 +/- 0.7 s-1 (mean +/- S.D., n = 25). 3. Calibrations and the statistical properties of the bump train indicate that a bump represents one effective photon, implying that the bump : photon ratios are quantum capture efficiencies. 4. At low intensities the first order interneurones (the large monopolar cells or LMCs) show hyperpolarizing bumps each triggered by a receptor bump. Using a point source stimulus, centred in the field of view, the LMC bump rate is six times that in a single receptor viewing the same stimulus, as expected from the known projection of six receptor axons to each LMC. When using an extended stimulus (the grating), the bump rate is 18-20 times that in receptors. Comparison with earlier work suggests that this increased lateral summation of receptor inputs to LMCs only occurs at very low intensities. 5. In both receptor and LMCs the amplitudes and wave forms of bumps depend upon the position of a point source stimulus within the field of view. With the light in the periphery of the field the bumps are smaller and slower than when the light is in the centre. This difference in response suggests that spatial stimulation is brought about by lateral interactions, possibly between receptors. 6. At higher mean intensities the signal-to-noise ratios in receptors responding to the appropriate threshold stimuli increase with intensity. This is suggestive of a decrease in the extent of spatial and/or temporal summation in the optomotor pathway. PMID- 7310738 TI - Acetylcholine receptors in singly and multiply innervated skeletal muscle fibres of the chicken during development. AB - 1. The properties of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors of the singly innervated posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) and the multiply innervated anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles of the chicken were investigated. Studies were made on chicks from 17 days in ovo to 14 weeks after hatching. Focal extracellular recordings and intracellular recordings in voltage clamped fibres were made. 2. Peak amplitudes of miniature end-plate currents (m.e.p.c.s) of the two muscles were not significantly different. The time constants of decay (tau D) were similar in both muscles, although tau D in the PLD was generally smaller than in the ALD (usually by less than 25%). M.e.p.c. decays in both muscles were well described by a single exponential. 3. The conductance (gamma) and average lifetime (tau N) of end-plate channels activated by ionophoretically applied ACh were calculated from records of current fluctuations. Noise spectra were well fitted by a single Lorentzian function. Values obtained in PLD did not differ significantly from those obtained in the ALD. There was not difference in the ACh null potential. 4. The voltage and temperature sensitivities of the ACh-activated channels in both muscle types were very similar. 5. With age there was a slight decrease in tau D: from about 6 to 5 msec in the PLD and from about 7 to 5 msec in the ALD (at -40 mV). The change in tau N with age was even less marked. However, during development, gamma almost doubled in both muscles, increasing from about 20 to 35 pS. 6. The results provide no evidence for the hypothesis that the different pattern of innervation causes marked differences in the ACh-activated channels of singly and multiply innervated muscles. PMID- 7310739 TI - Episodic growth hormone secretion in sheep in relation to time of feeding, spontaneous meals and short term fasting. AB - 1. Blood samples were taken every 20 min (for at least 28 hr) from five castrate male and two anoestrus female and libitum fed sheep. Analysis for plasma growth hormone (GH) showed that two of the males, on two occasions, had regular, although individually specific, patterns of GH secretion (peaks 3.5-5 hr). The other animals all had irregular patterns of GH release. 2. Throughout the experiments, meal sizes and frequency were recorded and it was found that out of eighty spontaneous meals of at least 50 g, 57 (71%) occurred in the hour after GH peaks, which accounted for 50% of the total time. Furthermore, on twenty out of twenty-four occasions GH levels were found to be falling before the 'expected' feeding time when fresh food was offered and the animals normally consumed a large meal. The removal of the food from three of the males for 10 hr during an experiment prompted an increase both in the size and frequency of the GH peaks. After re-feeding, GH levels immediately fell and remained low for 1-2 hr. 3. We believe that these results show an association between GH secretion and meal feeding in sheep, and that GH secretion quickly responds to fasting. As GH levels fell before, or in the early stages of meals, this indicates a neural reflex in the inhibition of GH before a meal. PMID- 7310740 TI - Ionic and metabolic dependence of axotomy-induced somatic membrane changes in crayfish. AB - 1. Axotomy induces a transient change in the soma membrane from non-spiking to spiking in many neurones of the crayfish abdominal C.N.S. The ionic and metabolic dependence of this phenomenon was investigated in one identified neurone. 2. The inward current of axotomy-induced soma spikes is carried primarily by Na ions. 3. Addition of 50 mM-tetraethylammonium to the external saline unmasks predominantly Ca-mediated soma spikes in control cells. The calcium spikes are not affected by axotomy. 4. Axotomy induces a transient increase in delayed rectification of the soma membrane. 5. Membrane potential is dependent on the external potassium concentration as predicted by the Nernst function while external sodium has essentially no effect. This is not changed following axotomy. 6. The inward current of the axon spike is primarily carried by sodium ions both before and after axotomy. The overshoot of the axon spike is not dramatically changed between the time when axotomy-induced soma spikes are present and when they have disappeared. 7. Following axotomy, both the onset and offset of axotomy-induced soma spikes occur earlier when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees C. 8. Cycloheximide retards or prevents soma spikes normally seen following axotomy. 9. The results indicate that axotomy induces a transient increase in voltage dependent Na and K conductances but not Ca conductance, and that these changes are dependent on axotomy-inhibited protein synthesis. PMID- 7310743 TI - Histological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites with mouse omentum in experimental infection. AB - Mouse omentum was studied after intraperitoneal challenge with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites inhabit omental histiocytes, fibroblasts, mesothelial cells, and free peritoneal macrophages. Recently infected cells showed enhanced metabolic and functional activity. Villous projections of the parasitophorous vacuole wall appeared, usually opposite the anterior pole of the parasite. In mesothelial cells, projections formed terminal swellings not observed in other infected cells. Activation of host cells was followed by reduction of the density of the cytoplasmic matrix, autophagosome formation, and intracellular edema, indicating the damage. The wall of the parasitophorous vacuole loses the supporting host cell endoplasmic reticulum that was attached to the vacuole just after entrance of the parasite into the cell. Then lysis of the parasitophorous vacuole and complete cell destruction occurs. The growth of parasites in undamaged cells does not coincide with the inflammatory response. Inflammation of the peritoneum develops only after the start of mass destruction of infected cells. Thus tachyzoites of Toxoplasma exert significant pathogenic effects by their ability to activate the host cell, causing lysis of the parasitophorous vacuole and subsequent destruction of the entire cell. PMID- 7310742 TI - Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of the micronemata of Trypanosoma gambiense. AB - The structure of micronemata arising from the surface of the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma gambiense was studied by electron microscopy. In order to produce micronemata, trypanosomes were incubated in either 1) phosphate buffered saline supplemented with glucose (PBSG), 2) immune mouse serum or 3) PBSG after passage through a DEAE-cellulose column. Electron microscopic examination of the parasite revealed the presence of thread-like micronemata arising from the anterior end and from the flagellar pocket regardless of the incubation conditions. Negative staining revealed a distinct peripheral fringe layer with nodular protrusions covering the entire surface of the micronema. The distribution and number of intramembrane particles (IMP) on the P and E faces of the micronema were similar to those of the flagellum of T. gambiense, indicating a close relationship between the membrane structure of the micronema and the flagellum. Micronemata became fragmented and adhered to each other after incubation of the parasite in the media for 12 h. Since micronemata tend to have the characteristics of adhesiveness and fragmentation, fragments of these structures might adhere to various host organs. Dispersal of potential antigenic material might be responsible, in part, for the induction of the host immune response. PMID- 7310741 TI - Modification of cation permeability of rabbit descending colon by sulphydryl reagents. AB - 1. Addition of the organic mercurials mersalyl, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and p chloromercuribenzene sulphonate to the Ringer solution (140 mM-Na) bathing the luminal side of isolated epithelia of rabbit descending colon increases short circuit current (Isc) and tissue conductance (Gt) when the spontaneous Isc is below 2-3 muequiv/cm2 hr. 2. The stimulation of Isc by mersalyl is due to an increase in Na absorption, simultaneously K secretion is induced, whereas Cl absorption is not affected. 3. Mersalyl inhibits Isc at Na concentrations below 50 mM. The Na concentration at which Isc is half-maximal (KNa) is shifted by mersalyl from 25 to 133 mM. The overshoot in Isc to a peak volume of 5 muequiv/cm2 hr observed when Na-depleted tissues are suddenly exposed to Na is markedly depressed by mersalyl. 4. Mersalyl inhibits non-competitively the blocking effect of amiloride on Isc. Both the stimulation of Isc and the inhibition of the amiloride effect by mersalyl have the same time course (half time of the effects 30-40 min) and similar concentration-response curve (half maximal effects with 2.0-2.6 x 10(-4) M), indicating a common mechanism. 5. The mersalyl effects on Isc and on the amiloride action are only partially reversed by dimercaptopropanol. p-Chloromercuribenzoate conjugated with dextran (mol. wt. 10,000) elicited the same effects as mersalyl. 6. The stoichiometry of the mersalyl-amiloride interaction, estimated by use of the Hill plot, is 1:1; a Hill coefficient of 1 was also obtained for the stimulating effect of mersalyl on Isc. 7. It is concluded that one sulphydryl group per luminal Na entry site controls both its Na conductance and cation selectivity. Titration of these sulphydryl groups by organic mercurials appear to fix the conductance of the luminal Na entry mechanism in a submaximal position and prevent its modulation by amiloride or variations in intra- and/or extracellular Na concentrations. PMID- 7310744 TI - Cell surface carbohydrates in Tritrichomonas foetus. AB - The cell surface of Tritrichomonas foetus was characterized by using 18 highly purified lectins with specificities for N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, galactose, mannose, and sialic acid. The specificity of the lectin induced cell agglutination was verified by inhibition of the agglutination with the specific sugars. By using cytochemical techniques associated with electron microscopy, carbohydrates were detected on the cell surface of T. foetus. The following techniques were used: periodic acid--thiosemicarbazide--silver proteinate, concanavalin A--horseradish peroxidase, and ruthenium red. Anionic sites were detected on the cell surface of the protozoan at pH's 1.8 and 7.2 with the use of colloidal iron hydroxide and cationized ferritin particles, respectively. The binding of colloidal iron particles, as well as the agglutination induced by the lectin from Limulus polyphemus, indicated the presence of sialic acid on the cell surface of T. foetus. PMID- 7310745 TI - Rapid in vitro prescreen for chelators as potential trypanocides based on growth of Crithidia fasciculata. AB - A rapid in vitro prescreen for Fe-binding chelators has been developed with growth of Crithidia fasciculata and the sparing of its heme requirement in a defined medium as a test system. The prescreen functions as an index of chelator mediated Fe transport and as an index of growth inhibition, presumably by the interference with Fe and/or heme metabolism at intracellular chelatable sites. Of 161 chelators examined, 84 were active heme-sparers; 32 of these inhibited growth at low chelator concentrations. Twenty-eight other chelators inhibited growth and another 49 were inactive. Such chelating activity directed at Fe and heme targets in hemoflagellates may provide leads for chemotherapy. PMID- 7310746 TI - An electron microscopical study of the interaction of monoclonal antibodies with gametes of the malarial parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum. AB - Anti-malarial gamete antibodies prevent the fertilization of gametes in the mosquito midgut and prevent transmission of malaria. Recently, hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (10G3 and 11C7) against gametes of the malarial parasite have been developed. These antibodies act synergistically to mediate 80--90% suppression of the infectivity of gametocytes, although neither monoclonal antibody alone has a significant effect on gametocyte infectivity. We performed immuno-electron microscopy to characterize the interactions of these monoclonal antibodies with gametes of Plasmodium gallinaceum. Male gametes exposed to either 10G3 or 11C7 agglutinated into loose clusters, while those exposed to a mixture of 10G3 and 11C7 agglutinated into long, rope-like bundles. This difference appears to be related to the distribution of the antibodies on the surface of the gametes. When 10G3 or 11C7 labeled with a ferritin-conjugated anti-mouse Ig were used singly, the ferritin particles were distributed in focal areas over the surface of the parasites. By contrast, when the male gametes were exposed to a mixture of 10G3 and 11C7, the ferritin particles were distributed over their entire surface. Female gametes reacted similarly to these antibodies. These observations indicate that combinations of antibody specificities that reduce fertilization efficiency coat the entire surface of the gametes. On the other hand, focal interactions resulting from a single antibody are unable to block fertilization. PMID- 7310747 TI - Surgical problems presenting at sea during 100 British Polaris submarine patrols. PMID- 7310748 TI - The prevention and treatment of alcoholism in the Royal Navy -- 3. Preliminary report on a pilot study of naval alcoholics. PMID- 7310749 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen: a further case report. PMID- 7310751 TI - Casualty handling: the "Davidson" Canvas Casualty Carrying Sheet Mk 1. PMID- 7310750 TI - Skin disinfection in the hyperbaric environment: a pilot study. PMID- 7310752 TI - The role of the professor at the Royal Army Medical College. PMID- 7310753 TI - Neural tube defects in the newborn. A survey of cases in 1980. PMID- 7310754 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7310755 TI - Dermatobia hominis--in Belize. PMID- 7310756 TI - Tuberculosis in Gurkhas. Is there a greater incidence in those from East Nepal? PMID- 7310757 TI - Medical problems of a high altitude Himalayan expedition. PMID- 7310758 TI - Leg ulcers past and present. PMID- 7310759 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis--a difficult diagnosis. AB - This five-year study of 108 patients with giant cell arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica drawn from all departments of a district general hospital emphasizes the difficulties of diagnosis. A correct diagnosis was made by the referring doctor in 33 per cent of patients and on initial attendance at hospital in 67 per cent of patients. Symptoms were present for more than three months before referral to hospital in 39 per cent of patients, and the delay before diagnosis at hospital was greater than one month in 20 per cent. Systemic illness (present in 83 per cent of cases), anaemia (33 per cent), elevated alkaline phosphatase (73 per cent) and raised immunoglobulin levels (48 per cent) caused diagnostic problems in 28 patients at primary care level and in 23 patients at hospital. PMID- 7310760 TI - Management of urinary incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - We investigated the management of urinary incontinence in 50 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in two London boroughs. Only seven appeared to be satisfied with the management of their bladder problems. A total of 51 suggestions was made for improving management in 33 of the patients. Most of these suggestions involved services which were available though not being used. The management of urinary incontinence in patients with MS should be tailored to the requirements of the individual. Alternative forms of management may often not be reaching patients who might benefit from them. PMID- 7310761 TI - Would more mental illness services help general practitioners manage their difficult patients? AB - It is argued that the type of local specialist services and the extent of their use are largely the outcome of negotiations between general practitioners and their patients. A study was carried out on behalf of a health care planning team for the mentally ill to discover whether more mental illness services would help general practitioners manage their difficult patients. The findings led to some developments in problem-oriented services but not mental illness services in general. PMID- 7310762 TI - Why not explore a possible link between psoriasis and cancer? PMID- 7310763 TI - Current concepts of the mechanisms of ejaculation. Normal and abnormal states. PMID- 7310765 TI - Tubal occlusion with silicone rubber. Update, 1980. PMID- 7310764 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix in Newark, New Jersey, 1970-76. A very low in situ: invasive ratio. AB - Both blacks and whites in Newark had significantly lowered incidences of in situ cervical cancer as compared to the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS) population. In contrast, Newark blacks' invasive cancer rates were higher than those found in any individual geographic area surveyed in TNCS except for Minneapolis as compared to Newark whites, who had lower rates than all individual TNCS areas except Colorado and San Francisco. Newark blacks had a relative risk of 4.0 for invasive cancer as compared to Newark whites, whereas the corresponding relative risk for blacks versus whites in the TNCS population was 2.0. Newark blacks and whites together had the lowest in situ invasive ratio as compared to women in other parts of the United States. The invasive cancer incidence and mortality rates for both Newark blacks and whites were significantly higher than in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) population, but incidence:mortality ratios for Newark and SEER were not different. The most likely explanation for the low in situ rates and high invasive rates among Newark blacks is their failure to obtain Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The low in situ rate among Newark whites in the absence of a high invasive rate is difficult to explain. It seems that the problem among blacks can be alleviated by the widespread use of Pap smears, which reduce the frequency of invasive cancer and the associated mortality. PMID- 7310766 TI - Counseling for sterilization. PMID- 7310767 TI - Macrophages and resistance to tumors. The effects of tumor cell products on monocytopoiesis. PMID- 7310768 TI - Effects of cell concentration on chemotactic responsiveness of mouse resident peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7310769 TI - Peroxidatic activity in endoplasmic reticulum of normal human Langerhans cells. PMID- 7310770 TI - Patterns of gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 7310771 TI - Uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase in rheumatoid synovial cells in culture. AB - Extracts containing uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.22) activity were prepared from rheumatoid and from normal human synovial cell lines using previously standardized techniques. Although no significant differences in the enzyme from the 2 sources were detected with respect to activity, substrate affinities, or responses to temperature and pH, these determinations have demonstrated that the enzyme is very sensitive to alterations in these parameters. The ultimate activity of the enzyme in vivo will be dependent upon the extent of the increased temperature, acidity, and altered glucose metabolism in the rheumatoid joint. PMID- 7310772 TI - In vitro responses of lymphocytes in juvenile arthritis: effects of time and concentration of PHA-P. AB - The effects of concentration of PHA-P and time in culture on cells from patients with systemic, polyarticular and pauciarticular juvenile arthritis have been studied. Responses to suboptimal concentrations are depressed at 3 days, particularly of systemic and polyarticular patients, but normal by 5 days and probably prolonged at 7 days. The responses approach normal with 5 micrograms/ml PHA-P. This delay also occurs in cells from children with cystic fibrosis and acute pneumonia and so is not disease specific. Kinetic studies show a slower recruitment of cells. The delay is corrected by 1 microgram/ml indomethacin. After 7 days, cultures from patients with juvenile arthritis have fewer E, heat stable E, and EAC rosetting cells than do cultures from normal children or children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7310773 TI - Annual fluctuations in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A literature survey revealed many reports implicating the microclimate and seasonal changes in arthritic diseases. Therefore, a retrospective study of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration of 2,802 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was performed. No statistically significant fluctuation was found when analyzed according to the month of the year in which blood was taken. The significance of this is discussed in relation to other RA symptoms, meteorologic phenomena, microclimate, and the joint circulatory responses in RA. The observations reported are consistent with the concept that seasons and microclimate may affect some of the symptoms of RA, but not the inflammatory processes represented by the ESR and CRP. PMID- 7310774 TI - Levamisole - a possible alternative to gold and penicillamine in the longterm treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? AB - One hundred and twenty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied to compare different dose regimens of levamisole with gold and penicillamine. In the first study, in 75 patients, 450 mg of levamisole weekly was found to be as effective as gold or penicillamine, but considerably more toxic. In the second study, in 48 patients, 150 mg of levamisole weekly was found to be less toxic than 450 mg, but when compared with gold, no significant benefit could be demonstrated after 6 months of therapy. PMID- 7310775 TI - Subclinical liver disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - In a detailed retrospective analysis of 81 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), elevated serum "liver enzymes" were recorded in 45 (55%) subjects. In 9 cases, the cause was non-hepatic and in 14 cases liver dysfunction was probably drug induced. Aspirin was the most common offender. Of the remaining 22 patients, 3 had congested livers secondary to heart failure and 19 had no obvious cause for liver dysfunction other than SLE itself. Liver histology was reviewed in 7 of these 19 patients. An inflammatory infiltrate of the portal areas was seen in 5, fatty liver in one and chronic active hepatitis in one. The frequency of liver dysfunction and the associated portal inflammation support the view that subclinical liver disease is a concomitant feature of SLE. PMID- 7310776 TI - Hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factor in synovial fluid. AB - Synovial fluid (SF) of 16 adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 9 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) was investigated for the presence of hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factor (RF). SF was incubated with 500 IU hyaluronidase/g of SF, dialyzed against acetate buffers at decreasing pH, centrifuged and subjected to chromatography on a Sephadex G-200 column. The resulting IgM-containing fraction of SF from 5 seropositive patients (3 adult RA, 2 JRA patients) demonstrated RF activity by the complement-dependent hemolytic assay. Hidden 19S IgM RF was not found in the IgM-containing fractions of SF from 13 adult seronegative RA patients. Hidden 19S IgM RF was shown in the IgM containing fraction of SF in 4 of 7 children with seronegative JRA. PMID- 7310777 TI - Localized nodular myositis. AB - Two patients presenting with painful, localized swelling in a single muscle are described. Biopsies of involved areas showed inflammatory changes characteristic of polymyositis, but serum levels of muscle-derived enzymes were consistently normal. Both patients later developed evidence of mild diffuse myositis. A review of 4 similar cases in the literature suggests that localized nodular myositis is a heterogeneous condition, in which vascular inflammation may be a prominent feature, with frequent evolution into a generalized myopathy. PMID- 7310778 TI - Amyloidosis in adult onset Still's disease. AB - A patient with adult onset of Still's disease who developed secondary amyloidosis is described. This is the first report of the association of these 2 disease states. The association of amyloidosis and other rheumatic disorders is discussed. PMID- 7310779 TI - Acute pseudogout and chrondrocalcinosis in a man with mild hemophilia. PMID- 7310780 TI - Multiple myeloma and amyloid bone lesions complicating rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Multiple myeloma developed in a woman with a 7-year history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An unexpected finding was the presence of massive amyloid deposits in the left femur and traces of amyloid in the synovium. Detailed histopathologic studies, however, conclusively excluded amyloid arthropathy. Although definitive tissue classification was not possible, this patient in all likelihood had 2 types of amyloid: massive bone lesions of myeloma associated (AL) amyloid, and focal subsynovial deposits of RA-associated secondary (AA) amyloid. PMID- 7310781 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with disease activity. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) have been detected in the majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their usefulness in monitoring disease activity is still controversial. Thirty-five patients with RA have been studied for the presence of CIC by the C1q binding assay. Abnormally high levels of CIC were detected in 83% of the patients and in 76% of 46 serum samples. Mean C1q binding activity for all serum samples was 27.4 +/- 25 compared to 7.5 /+- 2% in a control group of healthy individuals. A highly significant correlation was observed between C1q binding activity and the following indices of disease activity: the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the latex and Rose-Waaler tests and a systemic index. The level of CIC in RA patients seems to be a reliable index of disease activity. PMID- 7310782 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis complicated by carpal tunnel syndrome. AB - A case of eosinophilic fasciitis in a 64-year-old woman had all the characteristics of severe fascial involvement and was complicated by bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome requiring surgical decompression. The course was followed with repeat biopsies and biochemical analyses. No medication was given except for occasional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. The patient recovered completely and remains well at an age of 69 years. PMID- 7310783 TI - Clinical forms of gonococcal arthritis: further observations. PMID- 7310784 TI - Pachydermoperiostosis: arthropathy aggravated by episodic alcohol abuse. PMID- 7310785 TI - Pseudogout and normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism secondary to a parathyroid cyst. PMID- 7310786 TI - Attempted treatment of canine ehrlichiosis with imidocarb dipropionate. AB - Six clinical and 10 experimentally-induced cases of canine ehrlichiosis were treated with imidocarb dipropionate. The treatment did not result in clinical cure and failed to sterilize the infection. The infection was successfully transmitted from treated dogs to splenectomized and non-splenectomized dogs. PMID- 7310787 TI - Plasma progesterone levels in the mare during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. AB - Plasma progesterone was determined with the aid of a competitive protein-binding assay in mares during the oestrous cycle, early pregnancy (45--60 days) and later pregnancy (2--10 months). Progesterone levels were low during oestrus (less than 1 ng per ml) (3,18 nmol/l) and reached high levels (often in excess of 10 ng per ml) (31.8 nmol/l) within 3--4 days after ovulation. The high luteal levels were maintained for approximately 5--8 days and then declined sharply over a period of approximately 24--48 hours to reach low levels at the subsequent oestrus period. In mares conceiving after service, the progesterone levels rose rapidly to 5--9 ng per ml (15,9--28,6 nmol/l) 21 days after service. Levels of 4--10 ng per ml (12,7--31,8 nmol/l) were found between 30 and 60 days after successful service with a tendency towards lower levels from 30--42 days and higher levels from 42- 60 days. Progesterone levels remained between 7 and 10 ng per ml (22,3--31,8 nmol/l) from 60--110 days and thereafter fell to a relatively constant level of 3 -6 ng pe ml (9,5--19,1 nmol/l) until the tenth month of pregnancy. PMID- 7310788 TI - Plasma progesterone in cattle. II. Levels during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and parturition. AB - Plasma progesterone was determined in cattle with a competitive protein binding assay during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy and parturition. Peak luteal phase levels of 4--7 ng/ml (12,7--22,2 nmol/l) were found 12--16 days after clinical oestrus followed by a rapid decline to less than 0,5 ng/ml (1,6 nmol/l) on the day of oestrus. Levels of 3--7 ng/ml (9,5--22,3 nmol/l) were found 3 weeks after artificial insemination while levels of 3,8--6,5 ng/ml (12,1--20,7 nmol/l) and 3- 7 ng/ml (9,5--22,3 nmol/l) were found at 6 and 7--8 weeks respectively. Between the second and third month of pregnancy levels of 3,5--6,5 ng/ml (11,1--20,7 nmol/l) were measured increasing to 3--8 ng/ml (9,5--25,4 nmol/l) from the fifth month until shortly before parturition. Levels of approximately 3--4 ng/ml (9,5- 12,7 nmol/l) were found until 3 d before parturition with a drop to 2 ng/ml (6,4 nmol/l) 1 d before calving. Less than 1 ng/ml (3,2 nmol/l) was measured on the day of parturition and during the first 3 d after calving. PMID- 7310789 TI - Oxytetracycline plasma levels in dogs after intramuscular administration of two formulations. AB - Plasma levels of oxytetracycline in dogs were compared in a cross-over study. A long-acting formulation and a polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation were injected intramuscularly. Symptoms of histamine release were recorded after the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation. Higher peak plasma concentrations but shorter maintenance of therapeutic concentrations were recorded in the case of the polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation than with the long-acting formulation. PMID- 7310790 TI - A residual anthelmintic 2,6-diiodo-4-nitrophenol (Disophenol). Methods of testing its anthelmintic efficacy. AB - A subcutaneous injection of 2,6-diiodo-4-nitrophenol (Disophenol) at 10 mg/kg sheep leaves a residue bound to serum albumin which is lethal to Haemonchus contortus for 3 months after treatment. In the larval anthelmintic test, susceptible worm free sheep are dosed so that either third stage larvae (L3), or fourth stage larvae (L4) or 5th and adult stages are present on the day of treatment but slaughter is delayed to allow these larval stages to develop to adults because the larger worms are more easily seen, identified and counted. The larval anthelmintic test in sheep had to be altered and sheep killed within a few days of treatment, because the residues may be more effective against subsequent stages of development. Disophenol was greater than 60% effective against L3 of Oesophagostomum columbianum and L4 of H. contortus in greater than 60% of sheep (Class B). It rose to greater than 80% effective against adult H. contortus in greater than 80% of sheep (Class A). Against H. contortus it maintained Class A for 32 days, fell to Class B from 45--76 days and Class C (greater than 50% effective in greater than 50% of sheep) at 91 days after treatment respectively. In the RSA a treatment in December followed by another in March would protect sheep adequately against H. contortus for the entire season. PMID- 7310791 TI - Host specificity and the distribution of the helminth parasites of sheep, cattle, impala and blesbok according to climate. AB - The helminth parasites recovered from sheep, cattle, impala and blesbok during several surveys conducted in the Republic of South Africa are listed as definitive, occasional or accidental parasites of their respective hosts. Their distribution according to the various climatic zones of the Republic are also listed. PMID- 7310792 TI - The efficacy of anthelmintics against Thysaniezia giardi in South Africa. AB - Two field cases of apparent inefficacy of albendazole against cestodes in lambs were investigated. In both farms Thysaniezia giardi was identified and 2 critical controlled trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of 5 anthelmintics against T. giardi. Albendazole dosed at 3,8 mg/kg or 7,6 mg/kg live mass, mebendazole at 15 mg/kg were totally ineffective against T. giardi. Treatment with resorantel at 65 mg/kg or niclosamide at 50 mg/kg however, caused expulsion of the strobilae within 16--24 hours after treatment and at autopsy, lambs were free of scoleces of T. giardi. PMID- 7310793 TI - Strobiloestrus sp. larvae in cattle. AB - A number of calves and a two year-old heifer in the Middelburg District of the Transvaal were found to harbour Strobiloestrus sp. larvae in nodules along their sides. Each nodule contained a single larva and these larvae developed from the early second stage to the third stage during the 25 day period between the first and last visit to the district. A particular set of circumstances involving the presence of klipspringers, which are considered to be the normal hosts of Strobiloestrus clarkii, grazing practice, hair colour of the calves and tick control probably resulted in the cattle becoming infested. A pour-on formulation of an insecticide was highly effective against the larvae. PMID- 7310794 TI - The electrocardiogram of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). AB - Electrocardiograms were recorded on 19 cheetahs immobilized with the steroidal anaesthetic-hypnotic agent Saffan comprising 0,9% m/v alphaxalone and 0,3% alphadolone. Sinus rhythm was recorded in all animals and heart rate was rapid averaging 173 +/- SD 18 beats per minute. The average of mean electrical axes in the frontal plane was + 76 degrees +/- SD 13 degrees. Mean +/- SD durations in milliseconds on lead II were: P 47 +/- 6,5; PR 93 +/- 11,5; QRS 53 +/- 7,5; QT 193 +/- 19,7. The amplitude of limb lead electrocardiographic complexes were low, resembling those of the domestic cat more closely than those of the dog. PMID- 7310795 TI - Saffan induced poikilothermia in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). AB - The steroidal anaesthetic agent Saffan (a 1,2% m/v mixture of alphaxalone and alphadolone) induced a state of poikilothermia in cheetahs. On a warm day (maximum temperature 29 degrees C) rectal temperatures rose in 7 of 8 male cheetahs given Saffan. The highest rectal temperature recorded was 41 degrees C. On a cool day (minimum temperature 19,5 degrees C) rectal temperature fell in 6 of 6 male cheetahs. The lowest rectal temperatures recorded was 36,2 degrees C. Saffan at 3 mg/kg intravenously in cheetahs is an excellent and safe hypnotic but should be used with caution on both hot and cold days. PMID- 7310796 TI - Spastic paresis in two littermate pups caused by Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The clinical and pathological findings in 2 sibling Bloodhound pups with spastic paresis of the pelvic limbs due to toxoplasmosis are described. Macropathology consisted of bilateral atrophy of the musculature of the affected limbs. Histopathology revealed meningo-encephalitis involving the cerebellum and medulla oblongata, diffuse meningomyelitis, radiculoneuritis of the lumbar spinal nerves and polymyositis and atrophy of skeletal muscle. Epizootological investigations failed to determine the source of the infection. Dissemination of the infection by a route other than the haematogenous pathway is considered and discussed. PMID- 7310797 TI - Cerebellar cortical atrophy in a puppy. AB - A description is given of the history and neuropathology of a mongrel puppy which had suffered from cerebellar cortical atrophy. The condition was attended by intractable cerebellar ataxia and characterised by selective degeneration of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. Cerebellar dysfunction is briefly reviewed. The lesion and possible aetiology are briefly discussed. PMID- 7310798 TI - Bovine cryptosporidiosis. AB - Intestinal cryptosporidiosis was detected at necropsy in a 2-week-old calf that had diarrhoea. Cryptosporidial organisms were embedded in the microvillous border of the epithelium of the distal small intestine. The most significant histological change was a mild enteritis characterized by decreased villus length and hypercellularity of the lamina propria. PMID- 7310799 TI - [Acute acidosis in a bovine]. AB - A case of acute acidosis due to over-ingestion of maizemeal is reported. The cow was in sternal recumbancy, unable to rise and showed signs of severe dehydration, metabolic acidosis and rumen stasis. Examination of rumen contents revealed changes consistent with those of lactic acidosis. Treatment included correction of the metabolic acidosis, restoration of intravascular volume, manipulation of rumen contents including rumen lavage and other supportive treatment. Some pathophysiological aspects and the need for a systematic and vigorous treatment regime are discussed. PMID- 7310800 TI - Congenital hypoplasia of the lymphatic system in an ayrshire calf. PMID- 7310801 TI - Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues nondegradable to steviol. PMID- 7310802 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of some stable multisubstrate adducts as inhibitors of catechol O-methyltransferase. AB - A new series of methylase inhibitors has been designed in which the nucleophilic methyl acceptor is attached to the adenosine and/or homocysteine fragments of the methyl donor, S-adenosylmethionine, to form a "multisubstrate adduct". In the present case, catecholamine analogues attached through a phenethyl sulfide linkage to 5'-thioadenosine or homocysteine have been synthesized, together with the corresponding methylsulfonium salts. These compounds were assayed as inhibitors of catechol O-methyltransferase, and the adenosylsulfonium salts (4) were found to be inhibitors of the enzyme. PMID- 7310803 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of some stable multisubstrate adducts as specific inhibitors of spermidine synthase. AB - A new series of aminopropyltransferase inhibitors has been designed in which the nuclephilic aminopropyl acceptor is attached to the aminopropyl donor, S-adenosyl 1-(methylthio)-3-propylamine (decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine), to form a "multisubstrate adduct". In the present case, S-adenosyl-1,8-diamino-3-thiooctane (2b) and the corresponding methysulfonium salt (3b) have been synthesized. Several compounds of this type were assayed as inhibitors of spermidine synthase, and both 2b and 3b were found to be potent inhibitors of the enzyme. The thioether 2b is the most potent inhibitor of spermidine synthase described to date and is almost totally devoid of inhibitory activity against the closely related aminopropyltransferase, spermine synthase. This type of compound should have use as a specific inhibitor of spermidine biosynthesis in vivo. PMID- 7310804 TI - Acidic epinephrine analogues derived from 1H, 3H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole 2,2 dioxide and from trifluoromethanesulfonanilide. A new synthesis of 1H,3H-2,1,3 benzothiadiazole 2,2-dioxide. AB - Treatment of N,N'-dibenzyl-1,2-diaminobenzene (2) successively with thionyl chloride and then m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave N,N'-dibenzyl-1H,3H-2,1,3 benzothiadiazole 2,2-dioxide (4), which gave (via routes analogous to standard epinephrine syntheses) four bicyclic catecholamine analogues 7a-d. Hydrogenolysis of 4 yielded the parent heterocycle 5 in the first practicable synthesis avoiding expensive sulfamide (Scheme I). The trifluoromethanesulfonamidoacetophenones 8m and 8p on similar elaboration gave triflanilide catecholamine analogues 14m, 14p,17m, and 17p (Scheme II). 4,4'Dimethoxybenzhydrylamine (15) is recommended for the regiospecific synthesis of primary amines from epoxides (Scheme II). Series 7,14, and 17 were inactive in animal cardiovascular screens. Selected compounds were also screened in bronchodilator and in in vitro dopamine-, clonidine-, and prazosin-receptor binding assays as appropriate; again no activity was observed. Steric lipophilicity, and acidity factors are discussed, and the inactivity is ascribed to the high acidity of both systems (pKa approximately equal to 4). PMID- 7310805 TI - Alkylating angiotensin II analogues: synthesis, analysis, and biological activity of angiotensin II analogues containing the nitrogen mustard melphalan in position 8. AB - Melphalan derivatives suitable for peptide synthesis, i.e., Boc-Mel and Mel-OBzl HCl, have been prepared, and the integrity of their nitrogen mustard alkylating groups was examined by NMR, Volhard chlorine analysis, and colorimetric assay with 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine. By using the sensitive colorimetric assay, the stability of melphalan toward conditions commonly used for peptide synthesis, purification, and bioassay was evaluated. Further qualitative and quantitative assessment of the integrity of nitrogen mustard groups in angiotensin II was attempted in order to evaluate the significance of the observed biological results. [Ac-Asn1,Mel8]angiotensin II was a potent competitive antagonist of angiotensin II in vitro (rat uterus) but a transient and reversible inhibitor in vivo. PMID- 7310807 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1-(arylamino)-1H-pyrroles and 4-(1H pyrrol-1-ylimino)-2,5-cyclohexadienes. AB - The syntheses of 1-(arylamino)-1H-pyrroles and 4-(1H-pyrrol-1-ylimino)-2-5 cyclohexadienes are described. Several of these compounds express in vitro antibacterial activity or can be metabolized to show in vitro antibacterial activity, and a few examples have shown efficacy against tuberculosis in mice. One compound, N,N'-(2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-diylidene)bis-1H-pyrrol-1-amine, is completely effective at 6.25 mg/kg against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. PMID- 7310806 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some ester, amides, and hydrazides of 3 carboxyrifamycin S. Relationship between structure and activity of ansamycins. AB - Esters, amides, and hydrazides of 3-carboxyrifamycin S were synthesized by oxidizing the cyanohydrin of 3-formylrifamycin SV to 3-(cyanocarbonyl)rifamycin S, followed by treatment with alcohols, amines and hydrazines. The in vitro microbiological activity of the derivatives was quite low, especially toward Gram negative bacteria. This poor activity was not shown to be due to the inadequate inhibiting action on the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase but to the poor penetration of the compounds through the bacterial cell wall. The microbiological activity was correlated to the chemical properties of the substituent on C3. PMID- 7310809 TI - Synthesis and antimetastatic properties of steroeoisomeric trycylic bis(dioxopiperazine) analogues in a B16 melanoma model. AB - The synthesis for trans and cis tricyclic bis(dioxopiperazine)s 5 and 6 from pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide (7) is described. Stereoselective antimetastatic activity differences for these analogues were observed following pretreatment of B16-F10 melanoma cells in vitro. Activities for these isomers were compared with selected intermediates, and the data are discussed in relation to previous results obtained with cis- and trans-cyclopropane analogues. PMID- 7310811 TI - Side-chain effects on phenothiazine cation radical reactions. AB - The cation radical of each of the phenothiazine tranquilizers is a likely intermediate in the metabolism of the drugs to at least two of the three major metabolic classes, the sulfoxides and the hydroxylated derivatives. Previous work has shown that the reactions of the radical are highly dependent on the environment, particularly the presence of nucleophiles. The present report discusses the effect of cation radical structure on the formation of sulfoxide and hydroxylated metabolites in vitro. Cyclic voltammetry, spectrophotometry, and liquid chromatography were used to examine reactions of various phenothiazine radicals in aqueous buffers. A radical with a three-carbon aliphatic side chain (e.g., chlorpromazine) forms solely sulfoxide and parent unless amine nucleophiles are present, in which case hydroxylation occurs. A shorter side chain (e.g., promethazine) causes radical dimerization and pronounced hydroxylation, regardless of external nucleophiles. A piperazine side chain (e.g., fluphenazine) promotes hydroxylation, with some sulfoxide observed. The results indicate that a deprotonated amine is necessary for hydroxylation and that the amine may be present in the original drug rather than an external nucleophile. In addition to information about cation radical reactions, the redox properties of several different phenothiazines are presented. PMID- 7310810 TI - New dimeric analogues of ethidium; synthesis, interaction with DNA, and antitumor activity. AB - Three new dimeric analogues of ethidium cation in which the monomeric moieties are linked at the 3' positions by alpha,omega-diethers of varying length and composition have been synthesized. The circular dichroism spectra of all three compounds indicate that they double intercalate, and their effects on the thermal helix-coil transition profile of poly(dA-dT) show extremely high affinity for helical DNA, with details of the binding interaction depending on the length and composition of the connecting chain. The ability of the compounds to inhibit nucleic acid synthesis in L1210 cell culture also differed significantly, as did their antitumor effects against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma. Compound 2, with 10 methylene groups in the connecting chain, is 5-20 times as potent as ethidium against murine P388 leukemia. These results clearly illustrate the advantage gained by incorporating a weak antitumor agent in a double-intercalating analogue. PMID- 7310808 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a series of 8-substituted 1-oxa-3,8 diazaspiro[4.5]decan-2-ones. AB - Forty-three new 1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4,5]decan-2-ones optionally substituted with 2-(3-indolyl)ethyl, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl, or 2-(1,4-benzodioxan 2 yl)-2-hydroxyethyl at the 8 position were prepared for screening as antihypertensive agents in the spontaneous hypertensive rat. For the 8-[2-(3 indolyl)ethyl] compounds the most active were those substituted in the 4 position, where activity was at maximum with the 4-ethyl compound (1). The 8-[3 (2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl] compounds were less active than their 1,4 benzodioxane counterparts, which were tested as mixtures of erythro and threo diastereoisomers. Both the 4-ethyl-8-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl] substituted 38 and (S)-3-methyl-8-[3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl] substituted 42 were designed as mixed alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Bother compounds lowered blood pressure, but they gave no evidence of working as beta-adrenergic blockers. Examination of 8-[2-(3-indolyl)ethyl]-1-oxa 3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]-decan-2-one (8) and 3 methyl-8-[2-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2 hydroxyethyl]-1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4,5]decan-2-one (29) in the dog showed them to be alpha-adrenergic blockers. Compound 29 was primarily an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, while 8 was more skewed toward alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonism. Tilt response studies for evaluating the potential for producing orthostatic hypotension showed that both 8 and 29 had little potential for avoiding orthostatic hypotension at therapeutically effective doses. PMID- 7310812 TI - Sulfur analogues of psychotomimetic agents. Monothio analogues of mescaline and isomescaline. AB - Two monothio analogues of mescaline and three monothio analogues of 2,3,4 trimethoxyphenethylamine (isomescaline) have been synthesized and characterized. Only the two mescaline analogues (3-and 4-thiomescaline) were found to be psychotomimetics in man, being 6 and 12 times more potent than mescaline, respectively. All five compounds can serve as substrates for bovine plasma monoamine oxidase in vitro, but no positive correlation is apparent between the extent of enzymatic degradation and human psychotomimetic potency. PMID- 7310813 TI - Antimycotic imidazoles. 5. Synthesis and antimycotic properties of 1-[[2-aryl-4 (arylalkyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazoles. AB - The synthesis of 1-[[2-aryl-4-(arylalkyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1H-imidazoles is described starting with phenylacetyl bromides or 1-(phenylacetyl)imidazoles. The compounds were generally obtained as cis/trans mixtures and and found to be active in vitro against dermatophytes, yeast, other fungi, and Gram-positive bacteria. Some also showed good activity against Candida albicans in vivo. PMID- 7310815 TI - Cell-specific ligands for selective drug delivery to tissues and organs. AB - Various numbers of D-mannose residues have been attached via spacer arms to lysine, dilysine, and oligolysine backbones. These D-mannosyl peptide analogues were found to be potent competitive inhibitors of the uptake of 125I-labeled D mannose-bovine serum albumin conjugate by rat alveolar macrophages. The inhibitory potency of these synthetic ligands increased with increasing number of carbohydrate moieties. The chirality of the peptide backbone did not appear to play a major role in binding, whereas variations of the length and linkage of the spacer arm notably affected the inhibitory activities. The saccharide specificity of the macrophage receptor was demonstrated by the inactivity of the corresponding D-galactosyl peptide analogues. The L-fucosyl peptide derivative was only weakly active. The trimannosyldilysine ligand (KI = 3.9 microM) and its analogues are potentially useful in selective delivery of therapeutic agents to macrophages. PMID- 7310814 TI - Adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Conversion of a single chiral synthon into erythro- and threo-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenines. PMID- 7310816 TI - 5-Fluoro- and 5-chlorocyclophosphamide: synthesis, metabolism, and antitumor activity of the cis and trans isomers. AB - In seeking analogues of cyclophosphamide (1) having improved antitumor activity by virtue of accelerated formation of the cytotoxic metabolite phosphoramide mustard, cis and trans isomers of 5-fluoro- and 5-chlorocyclophosphamide (9, 10, 11 and 12, respectively) were synthesized by condensation of the appropriate 3 amino-2-halopropan-1-ol (13 or 26) with N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramidic dichloride (14). The metabolism of the halocyclophosphamides by rat liver microsomes was stereoselective; the cis isomers (9 and 11) were poorly metabolized, whereas the trans isomers (10 and 12) were metabolized with efficiency comparable to that of cyclophosphamide. However, there was no evidence that the yield of phosphoramide mustard produced by the trans analogues were significantly greater than that from cyclophosphamide following microsomal 4 hydroxylation. Hence, the halogen substituents did not accelerate beta elimination of acrolein from the acyclic aldehydo tautomers. As expected, the poorly metabolized cis-5-fluoride (9) had little activity against the ADJ/PC6 tumor in mice. However, the cis-5-chloride (11) was as active as the trans isomer (12) and each had approximately half the therapeutic index of 1. The trans-5 fluoride (10) was much less active, having an ED90 value some 16-fold that of 1. PMID- 7310817 TI - Synthesis of 3-hydroxycyclophosphamide and studies related to its possible role in the metabolism of cyclophosphamide. AB - Hydrogenolysis of 3-(benzyloxy)cyclophosphamide (10) using Pd/C catalyst and ethyl acetate as solvent leads to the formation of 3-hydroxycyclophosphamide (3, approximately 20%) and cyclophosphamide (1, approximately 10%), accompanied by regioselective hydrogen-exchange reactions at the C-4 and C-5 positions in 3 and 1. A variety of oxidizing reagents and liver microsomal incubation failed to provide evidence (31P NMR) for conversion of 1 into 3, whereas identical incubation of 3 led to its reduction to 1. Compound 3 is stable at pH 6.5-8.2, 37 degrees C, and exhibits anticancer activity comparable to 1 when tested against L1210 leukemia in mice. Data are discussed with regard to a previously reported suggestion that metabolism of 1 may involved oxidation to give 3 followed by rearrangement of 3 to 2. PMID- 7310818 TI - Photoelectron spectra of psychotropic drugs. 6. Relationships between the physical properties and pharmacological actions of amphetamine analogues. AB - The valence ionization potentials of seven additional members of a series of 2,4,5-trisubstituted amphetamines (1-phenyl-2-aminopropanes) were measured by UV photoelectron spectroscopy. These and previously published data provide experimental measures of the gross electron-donor ability of the aromatic rings of 23 amphetamines. Analogues bearing the 2,5-dimethoxy orientation were found to possess the lowest ionization potentials (IPs); for the analogously X-substituted compounds, the IPs increased in the order of 2,5-(OMe)2-4-X less than 2,4-(OMe)2 5-X less than 4,5-(OMe)2-2-X. Relationships between human psychotomimetic activity (MU), rabbit hyperthermia (SRU), serotonergic receptor affinity (pA2), and charge-transfer complex stabilities (KDNB) were evaluated statistically. A good correlation (r2 = 0.92) was established between the human and rabbit potencies, but poorer correlations were obtained between animal potencies and pA2's (r2 = 0.68-0.69) or KDNB's (r2 = 0.03!). Analysis of the regression relationships between these pharmacological measures and two physical properties, IP and lipid solubility (as modeled by log P), were explored. In general, greater potency is associated with decreasing IP and increasing log P. However, numerous exceptions to single parameter regressions are found. The unusually great potency of the 2,5-(OMe)2-4-X analogues, while qualitatively related to the physical properties, is quantitatively underestimated by these predictors. However, inclusion of a parameter (pi 4) which explicitly acknowledges the type of the 4 substituent leads to much improved correlations. These results support previous suggestions that 4-substituents interact directly with the receptor. PMID- 7310819 TI - Structure-activity relationships of the cycloalkyl ring of phencyclidine. AB - In order to investigate the structural requirements for a cycloalkyl moiety in the potent hallucinogen 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (PCP, 1), a series of structural analogues was synthesized in which the size of the cycloalkyl ring was varied from three carbons to eight carbons. Biological activities of these compounds were assessed in an in vitro assay (phencyclidine binding assay) and an in vivo assay (discriminative stimulus assay). As the cycloalkyl ring size decreased from that of cyclohexane (PCP), PCP-like activity declined in both assays, but as the cycloalkyl ring size became larger than cyclohexane, a sharp decline in PCP-like activity was observed in the in vivo assay, while activity in the in vitro assay was only slightly less than that of PCP. 1-(1 Phenylcyclooctyl)piperidine (8) had potent competitive binding properties in the in vitro binding assay but produced no observable PCP-like effects in the in vivo assay. The importance of the cycloalkyl ring in the structure of PCP was demonstrated by testing benzylpiperidine (2), which had almost no measurable activity in either assay. PMID- 7310820 TI - (-)-4-Hydroxymorphinanones: their synthesis and analgesic activity. AB - A facile procedure is described for the conversion of morphine, via the diphosphate ester derivative 1 followed by catalytic reduction and treatment with Li/NH3, to 3-deoxy-7,8-dihydromorphine (3). Oxidation with benzophenone tert butoxide converted 3 to the ketone 4, which on treatment with Zn/NH4Cl formed (-) 4-hydroxymorphinan-6-one 5. Reaction of 5 with diazomethane formed the methyl ether 6. The N-cyclopropylmethyl analogues of 4 and 5 were also prepared, i.e., 8c and 9 from 4. The antinociceptive activity of these compounds was tested. Compounds 5, 6, 8c, and 9 showed potent antiwrithing activity and, based on these data, a structure-activity relationship in morphinans is discussed. PMID- 7310821 TI - Aporphines, 36. Dopamine receptor interactions of trihydroxyaporphines. Synthesis, radioreceptor binding, and striatal adenylate cyclase stimulation of 2,10,11-trihydroxyaporphines in comparison with other hydroxylated aporphines. AB - The presence of the A ring of aporphines and the addition of substituents to it and to other portions of the aporphine ring systems can extend explorations of the dimensions and other characteristics of the dopamine receptors. Accordingly, the synthesis and some physical and pharmacological properties of a series of (-) 2,10,11-trihydroxyaporphines (3a-g) are described. Structure-activity relationships among mono-, di-, and trihydroxyaporphines were evaluated against the high-affinity (nanomolar) binding of [3H]apomorphine (APO) and [3H]spiroperidol (SPR) with a subcellular fraction (P4) of caudate nucleus from bovine brain. In addition, DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity was evaluated in homogenates of rat brain striatal tissue. The rank order of displacement of [3H]APO by potent aporphines (IC50 less than or equal to 30 nM) correlated approximately with their ability to stimulate cyclic AMP synthesis. Potency orders against two ligands were dissimilar; for example, increasing the size of N6-alkyl substituents increased potency vs. [3H]SPR but not vs. [3H]APO binding. Moreover, [3H]SPR binding correlated poorly with cyclase activity or [3H]APO binding, suggesting a closer relationship of [3H]APO binding to dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 7310823 TI - Antihypertensive pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolinones. AB - The synthesis of a variety of pyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and pyrrolo[1,2 c]quinazolinones is described. Several of these compounds have exhibited antihypertensive properties in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Structure-activity comparisons have indicated that optimal activity is obtained in both the 2-carbethoxydihydroquinazoline series (C) and 2 carbethoxyquinazolinone series (D) when there is either a carbethoxy or cyanoethyl group at position 6 and no substitution in the benzene ring, while optimal activity is obtained in the 2-methyl-quinazolinone series (D) when both position 6 and the benzene ring are unsubstituted. PMID- 7310822 TI - Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 8. 7 alpha-Alkyl-4,5 alpha-epoxymorphinan-6-ones. AB - The preparation of a series of 7 alpha-alkylated dihydrocodeinones is described. N-(Cyclopropylmethyl) (P series) or N-(cyclobutylmethyl) (B series) 7 alpha methyl (a series) or 7 alpha, 8 beta-dimethyl (b series) substituted dihydronorcodeinones (7) were prepared from the appropriately substituted N (cycloalkylmethyl)-4-hydroxymorphinan-6-ones (5) by dibromination, 4,5-epoxy ring closure, and catalytic debromination. Treatment of 7 with BBr3 gave low yields of the corresponding 3-phenols 8. Alternatively, reaction of dihydrocodeinone (10) with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal gave the 7-[(dimethylamino)methylene] adduct 11, which was hydrogenated to 7 alpha-methyl- (12) or 7 alpha (hydroxymethyl)dihydrocodeinone (13). Treatment of 11 with lithium reagents, followed by hydrogenation, gave a mixture of 7 alpha-alkyl (15c-f) compounds and the corresponding 4,5-epoxy-cleaved products 16. Reaction of 11 with alpha ethoxyvinyllithium gave intermediate 17, which on hydrolysis and hydrogenation yielded the 6,7-furyl (18) or pyrroyl (19) derivative. N-(Cycloalkylmethyl)-14 hydroxydihydronorcodeinones 23P,B reacted with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal to give 25P,B, which were hydrogenated to the 7 alpha-methyl compounds 26P,B and O-demethylated to give 27P,B. The 7 alpha-methyl-N-methyl compounds were about equipotent with dihydrocodeinone. Derivatives with larger alkyl groups were less potent. Corresponding N-(cycloalkylmethyl) compounds did not show strong mixed agonist-narcotic antagonist activity. PMID- 7310824 TI - Isomeric phenylthioimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridines as anthelmintics. AB - A series of isomeric imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine-2-carbamates was prepared for testing as anthelmintics. The analogues were synthesized by reacting the appropriate 2-aminopyridine and methyl chloroacetylcarbamate. Steric hindrance in the 2,6-disubstituted derivative resulted in the formation of the isomeric 3 substituted analogue as the major product. Carbon-13 NMR proved useful in the structural assignments in this series. None of the analogues exhibited the potency of methyl 6-(phenylsulfinyl)imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine-2-carbamate when tested against Nematospiroides dubius in mice. PMID- 7310826 TI - Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial property of o-carborane derivatives. AB - Various o-carboranes and nido-type dicarbollide anions have been synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. Nearly all of the dicarbollide monoanions investigated were active in vitro against fungi such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Tricophyton asteroides, as well as against Gram positive bacteria. From a consideration of the structure-activity relationships, it seems most reasonable to conclude that the introduction of lipophilic alkyl or o-carboranyl groups to the hydrophilic dicarbollide anions leads to the antimicrobial activity. PMID- 7310827 TI - Synthesis and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of 4,5-bis(aryl)-2 substituted-thiazoles. AB - In our continuing effort to discover compound which inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation, we have screened compounds in a mouse pulmonary thromboembolism screen. Methyl 4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazoleacetate (3) was very active in the above screen. However, 3 was active for less than 5 min when given orally to guinea pigs. As a result, our synthetic goal was to prepare 2 substituted thiazoles with a much longer duration of activity. This paper describes the preparation of a number 4,5-bis(aryl)-2-substituted-thiazoles and their in vitro and ex vivo activity against collagen-induced platelet aggregation. It was determined that 4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2 (trifluoromethyl)thiazole (16) is the most promising compound. PMID- 7310825 TI - Chemical modification of aminoglycosides. 3. Synthesis of 2"-deoxykanamycins from neamine. AB - The preparation of 2"-deoxykanamycin B (12) and 2",3',4'-trideoxykanamycin B (14) from neamine (1) is described. Key intermediates in the synthesis of these 2" deoxyaminoglycoside antibiotics are 3',4'-bis-O-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-1,2',3,6' tetrakis-N-(trifluoroacetyl)neamine (6) and 3',4'-dideoxy-1,2',3,6'-tetrakis-N (trifluoroacetyl)neamine (9). The amino groups of these intermediates are blocked by the trifluoroacetyl group, a blocking group not widely used in aminoglycoside chemistry. PMID- 7310828 TI - 5'Chloropuromycin. Inhibition of protein synthesis and antitrypanosomal activity. AB - A facile, two-step conversion of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) into 5'-deoxy PAN (5) via 5'-chloro-5'-deoxy-PAN (1) was accomplished. Replacement of the 5'-OH group of PAN with H or Cl resulted in the elimination of kidney toxicity associated with the administration of PAN. The corresponding puromycin derivatives, 5'-chloro-5'-deoxypuromycin (4) and 5'-deoxypuromycin (6), derived from 1 and 5, respectively, were compared in a ribosomal peptidyltransferase assay. Both compounds were excellent substrates for the transpeptidation reaction, confirming our previous observations with 6 that the 5'-OH of puromycin is not essential for activity at the ribosomal level. Thus, 4 represents a new puromycin derivative that retains puromycin-like activity at the ribosomal site but is capable of releasing only a nonnephrotoxic aminonucleoside upon enzymatic release of the p-methoxyphenylalanyl side chain. The chloro derivative 4 exhibited significant antitrypanosomal activity in mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. The 5'-deoxy derivative 6 was inactive against trypanosomes. PMID- 7310829 TI - Synthesis of S-(3-deazaadenosyl)-L-homocysteine. PMID- 7310830 TI - Substituted imidazo[2,3-alpha]pyridine-2-carbamate anthelmintics. AB - Anthelmintic efficacies of a series of 6-substituted methyl imidazo[1,2 alpha]pyridine-2-carbamates were compared to similarly substituted benzimidazole 2-carbamates. With only one exception, methyl 6-benzoylimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine 2-carbamate, both classes of compounds exhibited similar activity vs. Nematospiroides dubius in mice. Preliminary screening indicated methyl 6-(1,2,2 trichloroethenyl)imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine-2-carbamate to be the most potent derivative in the series. However, evaluation in sheep indicated that its anthelmintic spectrum was inferior to methyl 6-(phenylsulfinyl)imidazo[1,2 alpha]pyridine-2-carbamate. PMID- 7310831 TI - Chemistry and hypoglycemic activity of benzimidoylpyrazoles. AB - A series of benzimidoylpyrazoles was synthesized and evaluated as hypoglycemic agents. Methyl 1-(N-cyclohexylbenzimidoyl)-5-methyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate (13) and methyl 1-[N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzimidoyl]-5-methyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate (33) are two of the more interesting compounds. A comparison of these benzimidoylpyrazoles with classical standards (tolazamide, phenformin, and buformin) in several experimental models show that these compounds seem to combine in one molecule some of the biological activities of the beta-cytotrophic sulfonylureas and some of the activities of the biguanides. A synthetic scheme for the preparation of the benzimidolypyrazoles and a preliminary structure activity relationship are presented. PMID- 7310832 TI - Efficient synthesis of 14-hydroxymorphinans from codeine. AB - Codeine is converted to 7,8-dihydro-14-hydroxynorcodeinone (noroxycodone) in six steps and 52% overall yield of the noroxymorphone in seven steps and 43% overall yield. N-Demethylation and oxidation of codeine afford N (ethoxycarbonyl)norcodeinone, which is converted to its dienol acetate derivative and oxidized with singlet oxygen to give N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-14 hydroxynorcodeinone in the key step. Hydrogenation of the latter affords N (ethoxycarbonyl)noroxycodone, which upon acid hydrolysis yields noroxycodone. Alternatively, O-demethylation of N-(ethoxycarbonyl)noroxycodone with boron tribromide and subsequent acid hydrolysis gives noroxymorphone. The results of the singlet oxygen oxidation of the pyrrolidine dienamine derived from N (ethoxycarbonyl)norcodeinone are also described. PMID- 7310837 TI - Using communication specialists in the teaching of interview skills. PMID- 7310839 TI - Research budget 'set-asides' for small business: an unwise public policy. PMID- 7310834 TI - An analysis of empathy in medical students before and following clinical experience. AB - The nature and direction of changes in empathy as measured by Hogan's empathy scale was explored over time (1975, 1976, and 1979) for medical students in the class of 1979 at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine. Results indicated that empathy scores declined slightly over time, correlated negatively with Medical College Admission Test scores, and were unrelated to academic performance or performance on Part I or Part II examinations of the National Board of Medical Examiners. PMID- 7310838 TI - Therapeutic decision-making for second-year medical students. PMID- 7310836 TI - The validity of reference letters in predicting resident performance. PMID- 7310833 TI - Interaction of aromatic dyes with the coenzyme A binding site of choline acetyltransferase. AB - The interaction of a series of aromatic dyes with the coenzyme A binding site of choline acetyltransferase was studied. Several of the dyes were very potent inhibitors of the enzyme. With few exceptions, inhibition was competitive with respect to acetylcoenzyme A and noncompetitive with respect to choline. It appears likely that inhibition by dyes such as Reactive Blue 2 (Cibacron Blue F3GA) or Congo Red, as in the case of coenzyme A interactions, involves hydrophobic bonding, as well as a coulombic interaction with an arginine residue. PMID- 7310840 TI - Inflation and medical school faculty salaries. PMID- 7310835 TI - Faculty supervision of residents in an internal medicine practice. AB - This study examines the supervision of residents by faculty members in an outpatient internal medicine practice. For the study, the investigators developed a methodology to analyze the cognitive content and the focus of residents' thoughts during conversations between faculty members and residents. The residents also identified characteristics of productive and less productive exchanges with the faculty. The study shows that both residents and faculty members use the majority of their part of conversations to present information. Residents in early training appear to be more challenged by diagnostic issues, while residents later in training are more concerned with therapy and management. The study results suggest that effective supervision may relate more to the ability of faculty members to display their reasoning as they present information to residents than to the quantity and types of questions they pose to residents. PMID- 7310841 TI - Comparative predictive validity of the new MCAT using different admissions criteria. PMID- 7310842 TI - Sociomedical issues in the curriculum: a model for institutional change. AB - An institutional strategy has been developed that permits consideration of sociomedical issues in some depths throughout the undergraduate curriculum. A major component of the strategy is the appointment by the dean of multidisciplinary education committees, each concerned with one sociomedical problem area. Eight such committees have been appointed, and each has developed a small group seminar course in its area. In the freshman year, each student is required to choose one of these seminars, or "selectives," and to participate in it for two semesters. Analysis of grades in the required basic science courses has demonstrated that participation in the selectives has no adverse effect on student performance in the other courses. These and other activities of the education committees have brought about changes elsewhere in the educational program. PMID- 7310843 TI - Health and society education in a liberal arts college: a curricular strategy. AB - This paper examines the curricular response of colleges and universities to conflict among scientific and medical experts regarding the application of professional knowledge and technical expertise to public policy and patient care. Two types of interdisciplinary science programs now exist on many campuses: those that attempt to increase the "scientific literacy" of humanities and social science students and those that try to enrich the "social consciousness" of physical and life science students. An alternative philosophy of education is proposed that is based on three objectives: to introduce the logical processes for establishing causes in the health sciences; to identify limits of scientific and technical knowledge in health-related areas; and to develop familiarity with problems of decision-making under conditions of scientific or clinical uncertainty. Illustrative cases in clinical medicine and public health suggest how to apply this educational philosophy. The paper concludes by observing that premedical education reform is impossible without redefining the "liberal arts" tradition of undergraduate education. PMID- 7310844 TI - Detection of enterotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila by a suckling-mouse test. AB - The suckling-mouse assay was reliable for detecting enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila when standard conditions for growth and toxin testing were used. Enterotoxins were produced by bacteria grown in tryptone soya broth supplemented with yeast extract and aerated by shaking in an environmental incubator or water bath. When culture supernates together with dye were administered intragastrically to mice less than 6 days old, the presence of enterotoxin was assessed on the basis of a scoring system that incorporated the ratio intestinal weight: remaining body weight, and production of diarrhoea. This method should facilitate the detection of enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas in epidemiological studies. PMID- 7310845 TI - Toxoplasma gondii: its effect on the ovine popliteal lymph node. AB - Four non-immune sheep and two with naturally acquired antibody were inoculated subcutaneously in the lower part of the leg with 100 cysts of Toxoplasma gondii. Two other non-immune sheep were given a control inoculum. Efferent lymph from the popliteal nodes on the side of the injection was collected via a cannula and injected into mice. Live toxoplasms were present in the lymph of non-immune sheep from day 2 until day 15, at which time the experiment was terminated. Corresponding samples of lymph from the one immune animal tested were almost always negative. Severe pathological changes were present in lymph nodes from non immune sheep. Gross enlargement, loss of architecture, haemorrhages, and some necrosis occurred, and the sinuses were packed with plasma cells and plasmablasts. Changes in the nodes of immune sheep were similar but less striking, with retention of architecture, no haemorrhages and no necrosis. It was concluded that the lymphadenopathy in sheep is similar to that in rabbits, mice and man with toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7310846 TI - Effect of klebsiella capsular antisera on lymphocytes from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The cytotoxicity of klebsiella capsular antisera for lymphocytes from 10 HLA B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and eight B27-negative normal control subjects was examined. None of the antisera was cytotoxic for lymphocytes from nine patients but several antisera were cytotoxic for the lymphocytes from one patient. There were no differences between the results obtained with lymphocytes from the nine patients and those with lymphocytes from the normal controls. If klebsiella carriage is important in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis, the results of this investigation suggest that the capsular antigen is probably not involved. PMID- 7310847 TI - Yeast flora of the mouth and skin during and after irradiation for oral and laryngeal cancer. AB - The quantitative and qualitative changes occurring the fungal flora of 22 patients with oral and 9 with laryngeal carcinoma were studied during and after radiation therapy. Each patient received 6000 rad of externally applied radiation in divided doses for 5 weeks. The fungal flora was isolated from the patients' oral cavity and irradiated skin sites during irradiation and 2 weeks and 4-6 months afterwards. The number and types of fungi increased in both groups of patients after the start of irradiation and persisted at high levels for at least 4-6 months after treatment. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis were the principal yeasts isolated throughout the period studied but seven other species were also identified. All the yeast isolates were sensitive in vitro to miconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and nystatin. Any of these antifungal agents should be appropriate for therapy. PMID- 7310848 TI - Attempts to produce gynaecological disease in grivet monkeys with Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - Attempts were made to infect grivet monkeys with Ureaplasma urealyticum, including strains freshly isolated from patients with infection of the genito urinary tact, laboratory reference strains and simian strains. The organisms were inoculated directly into the uterine tubes exposed at laparotomy, or through the cervical canal into the uterine cavity before endometrial curettage; but only colonisation, of up to 5 months' duration, was achieved, without evidence of inflammation in the genital tract or elsewhere, and without an antibody response. PMID- 7310850 TI - Ca-K bi-ionic action potential in squid giant axons. AB - Under intracellular perfusion with a solution containing K+ as the sole cation species, squid giant axons were found to be capable of developing all-or-none action potentials when immersed in a medium in which CaCl2 was the only electrolyte. The adequate range of ion concentration for demonstrating this capability was mentioned. The reversal potential level measured by the voltage clamp technique varied directly with the logarithm of the concentration of extracellular Ca-ion; the proportionality constant was close to RT/2F. The action potential observed under this Ca-K bi-ionic condition could not be suppressed by addition of tetrodotoxin or saxitoxin to the external medium. The external Ca-ion could be replaced with Co- or Mn-ion without eliminating the capability of the axons to develop action potentials. D-600 could not suppress the inward current observed under the voltage-clamp condition, but 4-aminopyridine could suppress it. The experimental findings were interpreted based on the current channel hypothesis and on the macromolecular theory. PMID- 7310849 TI - Microscopical determination of the filtration permeability of the mucosal surface of the goldfish intestinal epithelium. AB - The rate of shrinkage of the mucosal folds of goldfish intestine in response to mucosal hypertonicity was measured by microscopic means. Because of the geometry of the intestinal folds the rate of shrinkage could be directly related to the loss of volume from the fold through the brush border membranes and tight junctions. Experimentally a wide range of velocities was observed, reflecting the difficulty of rapidly establishing a uniform osmotic gradient at the preparation's mucosal surface. The initial velocity of volume loss provided a measure of the filtration permeability (Pf) of the mucosal surface. From the highest velocities observed the filtration permeability was estimated to be approximately 14 X 10(-3) cm/sec related to the folded mucosal surface and 65 X 10(-3) cm/sec related to the straight serosal surface. Consideration of the experimental errors and unstirred layer effects make it probable that the latter value is still an underestimate of the true Pf. The series barriers of the epithelium cause the total tissue Pf to be less than the Pf of the mucosal surface alone. In addition the Pf measured in the presence of an osmotic gradient may differ substantially from the tissue filtration permeability which exists in the absence of a change in osmolarity. PMID- 7310851 TI - Periodic responses in squid axon membrane exposed intracellularly and extracellularly to solutions containing a single species of salt. AB - A periodic membrane potential change was found to occur in squid giant axons which were internally and externally perfused with solutions of an identical composition and were hyperpolarized by passing a sustained inward current. The solution contained Co2+ or Mn2+ as the sole cation species at a concentration of 1-10 mM. The amplitude of the response was roughly 100 mV. The current intensity and the ion concentration had large effects on the response. The voltage-clamp technique revealed an N-shaped I-V characteristic of the membrane system. The membrane emf of the resting and excited states was almost the same but the membrane conductance was increased in the excited states. The response was suppressed with 4-aminopyridine reversibly but unchanged with tetrodotoxin or D 600. Those unusual ionic conditions did not deprive axons of their ability to produce ordinary action potentials in physiological solutions. The experimental conditions employed and the results obtained were very close to those for some of the artificial membrane models. Applicability of the physico-chemical theories developed for these models is discussed. PMID- 7310852 TI - General and transport properties of hypotonic and isotonic preparations of resealed erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Resealed human erythrocyte ghosts are regarded as valuable tools for the study of membrane properties. In order to investigate to what extent preparation procedures affect the yield of ghosts, their general properties, and their permeability, ghosts prepared by lysis at low (hypotonic media) and high (isotonic media) ionic strength were compared with each other and with native erythrocytes. For isotonic lysis, cells were either subjected to dielectric breakdown or suspended in isotonic NH4Cl solutions. In spite of very different characteristics of the lysis and the resealing process in the three types of preparations, the resulting ghosts do not differ in a number of features except for somewhat varying yields and for properties resulting from the mode of lysis. Specific transport properties, as characterized by the mediated fluxes of m erythritol, L-arabinose, L-lactate, and sulfate, proved to be unaltered with a few unsystematic exceptions. The simple nonmediated fluxes of all these permeants, as measured in the presence of inhibitors, however, were enhanced between 1.5- and 4-fold, indicating a somewhat increased ground permeability (of the lipid domain) in all ghost membranes. PMID- 7310854 TI - Reaction of internal forms of the choline carrier of erythrocytes with N ethylmaleimide: evidence for a carrier conformational change on complex formation. AB - The choline carrier of human erythrocyte membranes exists in distinguishable outward-facing and inward-facing conformations, and previous studies demonstrated that only the latter reacts with N-ethylmaleimide, producing an irreversible inhibition of transport. We now report experiments to determine the individual reaction rates for the two inward-facing forms: the free carrier and the complex. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for the complex with a substrate analog, di n-butylaminoethanol, is found to be nearly double that for the free carrier, showing that the carrier conformation is altered following addition of a ligand (with 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide at pH 6.8, 37 degree C, the constants are 0.57 +/- 0.05 min-1 and 0.33 +/- 0.02 min-1, respectively). Hence three different conformational states have been distinguished by experiment: (1) the inward facing free carrier; (2) the inward-facing complex; and (3) the outward-facing carrier. PMID- 7310853 TI - Potassium transport across rabbit descending colon in vitro: evidence for single file diffusion through a paracellular pathway. AB - The results of previous studies indicate that the bidirectional fluxes of K across short-circuited rabbit descending colon are attributable to passive diffusion through paracellular pathways and that this route is ten times more permeable to K than to Na and Cl. However, transepithelial diffusion potentials in the presence of large transepithelial Na and K concentration differences are much lower than those predicted by the "constant field equation" and appear to be inconsistent with this high K selectivity. The results of the present studies, designed to resolve this apparent contradiction, indicate that: (a) The ratios of the bidirectional transepithelial fluxes of K determined over a wide range of combined chemical and electrical potential differences conform reasonably well with those predicted by the Ussing flux-ratio equation. (b) The permeability coefficient of K (PK), determined from the net fluxes in the presence of concentration differences and from unidirectional fluxes under short-circuit conditions, decreases with increasing K concentration; in the presence of low K concentrations, PK is approximately ten-times PNa, but it approaches PNa in the presence of high K concentrations. PNa is not affected under these conditions. These results provide an explanation for the failure to observe large transepithelial diffusion potentials in the presence of large transepithelial Na and K concentration differences. In addition, these results are consistent with the notion that K diffuses across this preparation through two parallel pathways, one that does not discriminate among K, Na and Cl (a "free-solution" shunt) and another that is highly K selective and involves an interaction with one, or at most two, sites along the route. PMID- 7310855 TI - Time course of active Na transport and oxidative metabolism following transepithelial potential perturbation in toad urinary bladder. AB - The use of an Ussing chamber with well-defined mixing characteristics coupled to a mass spectrometer permits the concurrent evaluation of transepithelial current and oxidative metabolism with improved temporal resolution. The time-course of the amiloride-sensitive current Ia and the rate of suprabasal CO2 production JsbCO2 were observed in 10 toad urinary bladders at short-circuit and after clamping delta psi at 100 mV, serosa positive. Following perturbation of delta psi (0 leads to 100 mV), Ia declined sharply within 1/2 min, remaining near constant approximately 15 min, and then increased slightly. JsbCO2 declined more gradually, remained near constant at approximately 4-7 min, and then declined further. Detailed analysis revealed an early quasi-steady state with near constancy of JsbCO2 starting at 2.9 +/- 1.1 (SD) min and lasting 4.7 +/- 1.8 (SD) min, followed by relaxation to a later steady state at about 15 min. During the early quasi-steady state, Ia was also nearly constant. Considering that in steady states Ia/F approximately or equal to JaNa, the rate of transepithelial active Na transport, during the early quasi-steady state mean values +/- SE of JaNa, JsbCO2 and (JaNa/JsbCO2) were, respectively, 29.9 +/- 1.7%, 59.4 +/- 3.2%, and 56.4 +/- 5.7% of values at short-circuit. Corresponding values during the late steady state were 41.4 +/- 6.0%, 38.2 +/- 6.1%, and 111.3 +/- 8.6%. Thus the flow ratio JaNa/JsbCO2 was depressed significantly during the early quasi-steady state, but returned later to the original value. The results of measurements of Ia and JsbO2 in three hemibladders were qualitatively similar. In terms of a phenomenological "black-box" treatment the findings are consistent with earlier studies indicating incomplete coupling between transport and metabolism. Further studies will be required to clarify the molecular basis for these observations. PMID- 7310857 TI - Lipid vesicle-mediated alterations of membrane cholesterol levels: effects on Na+ and K+ currents in squid axon. AB - We demonstrate that cholesterol can exchange from sonicated lipid vesicles to a perfused squid axon membrane and that vesicles with varying cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) mole ratios can be used to achieve either net loading or net depletion of axon membrane cholesterol. Two types of evidence were obtained which show that net loading or depletion of cholesterol was achieved: (i) changes in the cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) mole ratios of axons, and (ii) visualization of cholesterol depleted from the preparation by cholesterol-free vesicles by thin-layer chromatography. The C/P mole ratios indicate that cholesterol levels in the preparation were increased or decreased by 30-40%. Increasing or decreasing membrane cholesterol levels were ineffective in altering the Na+ or K+ occurrents in voltage-clamped axons. In addition, we determined that cholesterol "flip-flop" across the axonal membrane occurred with a t 1/2 of 7.3 to 15.3 min. PMID- 7310856 TI - Interpretation of current-voltage relationships for "active" ion transport systems: I. Steady-state reaction-kinetic analysis of class-I mechanisms. AB - This paper develops a simple reaction-kinetic model to describe electrogenic pumping and co- (or counter-) transport of ions. It uses the standard steady state approach for cyclic enzyme- or carrier-mediated transport, but does not assume rate-limitation by any particular reaction step. Voltage-dependence is introduced, after the suggestion of Lauger and Stark (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 211:458-466, 1970), via a symmetric Eyring barrier, in which the charge-transit reaction constants are written as k12 = ko12 exp(zF delta psi/2RT) and k21 = ko21 exp(-zF delta psi/2RT). For interpretation of current-voltage relationships, all voltage-independent reaction steps are lumped together, so the model in its simplest form can be described as a pseudo-2-state model. It is characterized by the two voltage-dependent reaction constants, two lumped voltage-independent reaction constants (k12, k21), and two reserve factors (ri, ro) which formally take account of carrier states that are indistinguishable in the current-voltage (I-V) analysis. The model generates a wide range of I-V relationships, depending on the relative magnitudes of the four reaction constants, sufficient to describe essentially all I-V datas now available on "active" ion-transport systems. Algebraic and numerical analysis of the reserve factors, by means of expanded pseudo-3-, 4-, and 5-state models, shows them to be bounded and not large for most combinations of reaction constants in the lumped pathway. The most important exception to this rule occurs when carrier decharging immediately follows charge transit of the membrane and is very fast relative to other constituent voltage independent reactions. Such a circumstance generates kinetic equivalence of chemical and electrical gradients, thus providing a consistent definition of ion motive forces (e.g., proton-motive force, PMF). With appropriate restrictions, it also yields both linear and log-linear relationships between net transport velocity and either membrane potential or PMF. The model thus accommodates many known properties of proton-transport systems, particularly as observed in "chemiosmotic" or energy-coupling membranes. PMID- 7310858 TI - Active sulfate absorption in rabbit ileum: dependence on sodium and chloride and effects of agents that alter chloride transport. PMID- 7310859 TI - Sulfate transport in rabbit ileum: characterization of the serosal border anion exchange process. PMID- 7310861 TI - Surgical management of rectal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 7310860 TI - The flux ratio equation under nonstationary conditions. AB - The time dependent (i.e., nonstationary) unidirectional fluxes through a multilayered system consisting of sandwiched layers of arbitrary composition and exhibiting arbitrary potential and resistance profiles have been calculated, assuming that the flux is governed by the Smoluchowski equation (i.e., a flux resulting from a diffusion process superimposed upon a migration and/or a convection process, where part of the latter may arise from an active transport process). It is shown that during the building up of the concentration profile of the isotope inside the system towards the stationary value the ratio between the two oppositely directed, time-dependent unidirectional fluxes is, from the very first appearance of the isotope in the surrounding solutions, equal to the value of the stationary flux ratio. The practical implications of this result are discussed. PMID- 7310862 TI - Radiologic Seminar CCXVIII: pyopneumoperitoneum simulating colon dilatation: computed tomography for abdominal abscess definition. PMID- 7310863 TI - Evaluation of the adolescent for scoliosis after positive school screening. PMID- 7310865 TI - Messenger RNA sequences in nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles are complexed with protein as shown by nuclease protection. PMID- 7310864 TI - The stimulated granulocyte as an effector of immune injury or, the fickle phagocyte: friend or foe? PMID- 7310866 TI - Repeated seeding technique for growing large single crystals of proteins. PMID- 7310868 TI - X-ray diffraction studies of the RNA tetramer GpGpCpUp. PMID- 7310867 TI - Mutants of satellite virus P4 that cannot derepress their bacteriophage P2 helper. PMID- 7310869 TI - Mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication in mouse L-cells. Replication of unicircular dimer molecules. PMID- 7310870 TI - Ribosomal RNA genes with an intervening sequence are clustered within the X chromosomal ribosomal DNA of Drosophila hydei. PMID- 7310871 TI - Nucleotide sequence from the genetic left end of bacteriophage T7 DNA to the beginning of gene 4. PMID- 7310873 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene for bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. PMID- 7310872 TI - Product analysis of RNA generated de novo by Q beta replicase. PMID- 7310874 TI - A symmetric lipovitellin-phosvitin dimer in cyclostome yolk platelet crystals: structural and biochemical observations. PMID- 7310875 TI - Preliminary X-ray study of a dimeric form of hemerythrin from Phascolosoma arcuatum. PMID- 7310876 TI - Crystallization, crystal structure analysis and molecular model of the third domain of Japanese quail ovomucoid, a Kazal type inhibitor. PMID- 7310877 TI - Repetitive sequences of the sea urchin genome. II. Subfamily structure and evolutionary conservation. PMID- 7310878 TI - Repetitive sequences of the sea urchin genome. III. Nucleotide sequences of cloned repeat elements. PMID- 7310879 TI - The ribosomal DNA of Calliphora erythrocephala. The cistron classes of total genomic DNA. PMID- 7310880 TI - Mechanisms of inhibition of DNA replication by ultraviolet light in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts. PMID- 7310881 TI - Ribosomal DNA of Caenorhabditis elegans. PMID- 7310882 TI - Reconstitution of intermediate-sized filaments from denatured monomeric vimentin. PMID- 7310883 TI - Dynamics of B-DNA in the solid state. PMID- 7310884 TI - "Active" conformation of an inactive semi-synthetic ribonuclease-S. PMID- 7310885 TI - Mutations that detoxify an aberrant T4 membrane protein. PMID- 7310886 TI - Translational reinitiation in the rIIB cistron of bacteriophage T4. PMID- 7310887 TI - Interpretation of the meridional x-ray diffraction pattern from collagen fibrils in corneal stroma. PMID- 7310888 TI - Double-helical structures for polyxanthylic acid. PMID- 7310889 TI - Structure of the poly(2-thiouridylic) acid duplex. PMID- 7310890 TI - Structural interpretation of the two-site binding of troponin on the muscle thin filament. PMID- 7310891 TI - Unravelled nucleosomes, nucleosome beads and higher order structures of chromatin: influence of non-histone components and histone H1. PMID- 7310892 TI - Interaction of lanthanide ions with Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin: evidence for vicinity of some of the cation binding sites. PMID- 7310893 TI - Effects of tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine upon canine sinus node. PMID- 7310894 TI - Importance of exogenous substrates for the energy production of adult rat heart myocytes. PMID- 7310895 TI - Effects of adriamycin on rat heart cells in culture: increased accumulation and nucleoli fragmentation in cardiac muscle v. non-muscle cells. PMID- 7310896 TI - A procedure for measuring the contributions of intracellular and extracellular tyrosine pools to the rate of myocardial protein synthesis. PMID- 7310897 TI - A relationship between adenosine triphosphate, glycolysis and ischaemic contracture in the isolated rat heart. PMID- 7310899 TI - An immunochemical approach for the analysis of membrane protein alterations in Ca2+-loaded human erythrocytes. AB - An increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in human erythrocytes results in the formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine cross-linked membrane protein polymers. Following solubilization of the membranes with SDS, these polymers can be isolated on a Lubrol-containing sucrose gradient. Immunoelectrophoresis of the polymeric material with a polyspecific rabbit antibody against human ghosts gave rise to a single, but heterogeneous, precipitate. The polymer was amphiphilic and, on addition to Triton-solubilized erythrocyte membrane proteins, it coprecipitated with spectrin. When the antihost antibody was absorbed with the polymer prior to cross immunoelectrophoresis of normal erythrocyte membrane proteins, the precipitates of glycophorin, acetylcholinesterase, and hemoglobin were normal, whereas the antibody titers against band 3 protein, spectrin, and ankyrin became reduced. Furthermore, a rabbit antibody raised against the isolated human polymer reacted selectively with the same three membrane proteins. No reactions occurred with lysate proteins. PMID- 7310898 TI - Molecules involved in cell--cell adhesion during development. PMID- 7310901 TI - Flagellar adhesion and deadhesion in Chlamydomonas gametes: effects of tunicamycin and observations on flagellar tip morphology. AB - The aggregation-dependent loss of flagellar adhesiveness in chlamydomonas reinhardi has been correlated with changes in flagellar tip morphology during adhesion and deadhesion. As aggregating mt- and impotent (able to adhere, but not fuse) mt+ gametes begin to disaggregate in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, there is a concomitant change in flagellar tip morphology from the activated bulbous form to the nonactivated tapered shape. the requirement of protein-synthetic activity for the maintenance of flagellar adhesiveness during aggregation may be due in part to turnover of proteins involved in formation or stabilization of activated flagellar tips. Incubation of aggregating gametes with tunicamycin indicates that, like protein synthesis inhibitors, this inhibitor of glycosylation also causes adhering gametes to deadhere. The results suggest that protein glycosylation may be essential for maintenance of adhesiveness during aggregation. PMID- 7310902 TI - Effect of serum, fibronectin, and laminin on adhesion of rabbit intestinal epithelial cells in culture. AB - Rabbit intestinal epithelial cells, obtained after a limited hyaluronidase digestion, were incubated in medium with or without calf serum, on bacteriological plastic dishes. The dishes, either plain or coated with an air dried type I collagen film, were pretreated with medium alone or eith medium containing purified laminin or purified fibronectin. Cells did not attach in significant numbers to untreated bacteriological plastic, even in the presence of serum. Cells did attach to collagen-coated dishes, and were judged viable on the basis of their incorporation of radiolabeled leucine into cell protein. Cell adhesion to the collagen substrate increased in proportion to the concentration of serum in the medium, with maximal attachment of 5% serum or greater. Pretreatment of plain or collagen-coated dishes with increasing amounts of fibronectin enhanced cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Either serum, or fibronectin-free serum in the medium enhanced cell attachment to substrates pretreated with either fibronectin or laminin. Thus, intestinal epithelial cells appear to possess surface receptors for both laminin and fibronectin. The evidence further suggests that calf serum may contain factors, other than fibronectin, capable of enhancing intestinal epithelial cell attachment to collagen substrates. PMID- 7310903 TI - Esophageal manifestations of multisystem diseases. AB - The esophagus may be involved directly or indirectly by numerous disease conditions. On occasion, the esophageal process may be the key to the diagnosis. In some situations, the esophageal manifestation of a disease may be more immediately life-threatening than the primary process. PMID- 7310900 TI - Cellular transformation by radiation: induction, promotion, and inhibition. AB - Mammalian cell cultures offer powerful tools for evaluating qualitatively and quantitatively the oncogenic potential of radiation over a wide range of doses with particular importance at the low dose range that is relevant to human exposure and risk. Our studies have shown that early events in the process of radiation induced transformation in both rodent and human cells requires initial replication for fixation of transformation as a hereditary property of cells and further clonal expansion for full expression. Early events (fixation) are inhibited by cell-cell contact and high cell density but can be modified at low temperature where repair processes are slowed. Cell-cell contact and communication in tissue organization may be in part responsible for our findings that radiation oncogenesis induced in utero in hamsters is expressed at a lower frequency than that induced in vitro. Quantitative studies carried out on hamster embryo cells indicate that neutrons are more effective in their carcinogenic potential than x-rays but also more toxic, that splitting the dose of x-rays at low doses leads to enhanced transformation, but that at high doses protracted radiation has a sparing effect. At all dose ranges survival was increased by protracting the radiation dose, thus suggesting that different repair processes must be involved for survival and transformation. Similar observations were seen when the protease inhibitor Antipain was found to enhance transformation in rodent and human cells when present at the time of radiation, but was protective when added after radiation. Survival was not modified under any of those conditions, and Antipain did not affect DNA replication and repair. In our qualitative studies, once cells are transformed by radiation, they exhibit a wide range of structural and functional phenotypic changes, some of which are membrane associated and are expressed within days after induction. Our current studies on nutritional and hormonal influences on radiation transformation indicate the following: Pyrolysate products from broiled protein foods act in synergism with radiation to produce transformation, whereas vitamin A analogs are powerful, preventive agents. Retinoids inhibit both x-ray-induced transformation and its promotion by TPA; these modifications (enhancement by TPA, inhibition by retinoids) are not reflected in sister chromatid exchanges, but are reflected in the level of membrane associated enzymes Na/K ATPase. Whereas retinoids modify late events (expression, promotion), we find that thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in the early phases of radiation and chemically induced transformation. Under hypothyroid conditions no transformation is observed. The addition of triiodothyronine at physiological levels results in a transformation rate that is dose-related. Our recent success in transforming human skin fibroblasts will enable quantitative and qualitative studies of radiation carcinogenesis in a system relevant to man. PMID- 7310904 TI - Challenge of treating acute renal failure in developing countries. AB - Acute renal failure remains a major cause of death in some developing countries. The author reports findings and experience in managing various types of renal diseases in a university hospital in West Africa. PMID- 7310908 TI - President's column: survival of black health care providers. PMID- 7310905 TI - A new look at peripheral vascular disease in blacks: a two-year update. AB - A comprehensive overview of 66 patients-the majority of whom were black undergoing distal lower extremity revascularization for severe atherosclerotic ischemia with impending limb loss is presented. Twenty-five patients are presently two-years postoperative, 19 are one-year post revascularization, and 22 are new additions having undergone revascularization within the last year.Patients in the study group are presented according to race, sex, and age. Their histories and pre-operative clinical conditions, along with angiographic and operative findings lead to the identification of a previously undescribed atherosclerotic phenomenon present among blacks. The impact of an aggressive program for limb salvage is reported and the prospect of avoiding needless limb loss is discussed. PMID- 7310906 TI - Open pulmonary valvotomy: report of the first successful open heart surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - Although cardiac surgery has become the standard procedure for management of intracardiac and extracardiac defects in developed countries, it is still relatively new in Africa. This report describes our first successful open heart surgery on a 16-year-old Nigerian boy who underwent open pulmonary valvotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital pulmonary stenosis at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, on September 18, 1979. PMID- 7310907 TI - Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. AB - Sunlight induced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is common and produces low incidence of metastases. Non-actinic squamous cell carcinoma, however, possesses a metastatic potential even when well differentiated. A representative case of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma arising in a lower extremity with development of widespread metastases is discussed. The prognostic factors associated with metastasizing de novo squamous cell carcinoma of the extremity include: site of origin, duration of lesion, degree of differentiation, sex of patient, and size of the primary lesion. Organs prone to metastasis include: regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and bone. As skin cancers of this variety metastasize, the clinician must recognize this potential when considering therapeutic strategy. PMID- 7310909 TI - Mitral valve prolapse syndrome associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve. AB - Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) associated with congenital bicuspid aortic valve (CBAV) is an uncommon finding. In a study of 257 black patients with MVP, the author identified eight patients with associated CBAV. This paper discusses the association of the two lesions in relation to etiologic and surgical implications. PMID- 7310911 TI - Hodgkin's disease: problems in treatment planning and staging. AB - From the standpoint of treatment of Hodgkin's disease, it is crucial that staging, correct radiation therapy, and chemotherapy techniques be established prior to individualizing patients for national protocols.We present two patients with Hodgkin's disease who suffered a relapse after treatment because of geographic site misplacement of disease during radiation therapy and misjudgment of staging. PMID- 7310910 TI - Group B streptococcal pharyngitis in the compromised adult: therapeutic considerations. AB - Group B streptococci (GBS) have been infrequently recognized as a cause of pharyngitis. We report three cases of GBS pharyngitis in patients with underlying diseases, two of whom were treated with and responded incompletely to oral beta lactam antibiotics. The susceptibility of 20 clinical isolates of GBS was tested by a broth dilution method to six antibiotics which could conceivably be used in the therapy of GBS pharyngitis. Penicillin G, clindamycin, and erythromycin were most active with mean minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.06 MUg/ml or less. Rifampin and cefaclor were least active with mean MICs of 0.71 ug/ml or more. Ampicillin was intermediate in its activity. Therapy traditionally used for Group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis may, at times, be suboptimal for GBS pharyngitis in compromised patients. This may be due to higher minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of GBS than GAS, to inadequate penetration of penicillins into pharyngeal tissues or to host factors. It is suggested that GBS can cause pharyngitis in adults, particularly the compromised patient, and that in cases where there is a poor response to penicillin or ampicillin therapy, alternative drugs (erythromycin or clindamycin) may be used. PMID- 7310912 TI - The child and the fear of death. AB - The central hypothesis of this paper is that the innate fear of death in the human being is universal and that the child, least of all, is immune to death fear and its symbolic representation. This cuts across all ages and developmental levels. This paper is not concerned with the empirical knowledge of death, an area that has been extensively explored by others such as Nagy (1948), Piaget (1929), and Anthony (1940).Examination of the child and his relationship to death is important in order to reach the truth and understand the human meaning of the fear of death.The child's conception of himself and his relationship to the world is an ironic paradox. On one hand, he feels endowed with magical feelings of omnipotence. This feeling is the main defense against the fear of death. On the other hand, his wishes, both benevolent and malevolent, have power independent of him to influence events. The concept of chance is alien, and the differentiation between objective and wishful causation is obscured. Thus, the way in which the child perceives his world makes the terror of death more formidable.SEVERAL CONCLUSIONS ARE REACHED IN THIS PAPER: (1) that even in childhood, loss, endings, separations, and death are core concerns of the individual; (2) that fear of death in children is intensified by the absence of the intellectual equipment and the absence of the necessary defense mechanisms essential for comprehending the experience of loss; and (3) that repression of the fear of death is an evolutionary process which has its origin in childhood. PMID- 7310913 TI - Thrombophlebitis migrans in association with ulcerative colitis. AB - A case of thrombophlebitis migrans in a patient with ulcerative colitis is presented. The occurrence of thrombophlebitis was associated with an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis and responded well with the treatment of the underlying colitis. Evidence for a hypercoagulable state in ulcerative colitis is presented. PMID- 7310914 TI - Torsade de pointes. AB - Torsade de pointes is a distinct electrocardiographic entity, characterized by a periodic undulation of the ventricular complex (QRS) around an imaginary line, simulating a cardiac ballet. It usually manifests in patients with abnormalities of repolarization, as evidenced on the surface electrocardiogram by a prolonged ventricular recovery (QT) interval and may degenerate into a fatal ventricular fibrillation following use of conventional antiarrhythmic agents. Therapy includes correction of the underlying cause, overdrive pacing, and isoproterenol infusion. PMID- 7310915 TI - The pill and the thoracic outlet and bilateral carpal tunnel syndromes. PMID- 7310916 TI - Preoperative use of antibiotics. AB - Basic surgical research has demonstrated that bacterial infection is a function of the dose of bacteria times virulence over resistance of the host. This risk of infection can be lowered by the use of preoperative antibiotics. Preoperative use of antibiotics has few if any complications. However, one can not use preoperative antibiotics as a replacement for good surgical technique and sound surgical principles. PMID- 7310917 TI - Cardiovascular mortality among blacks, hypertension control, and the reagan budget. PMID- 7310918 TI - Communitas and charisma in a black church service. AB - The authors describe the midweek evening service of an independent black church which employs prayer, testimony, and spirit possession. They compare this religious group experience to the theoretical model of the healing community and emphasize the concepts of "communitas" and "healing charisma." The authors suggest that the model of a healing community, as represented by this form of the black church service, represents culturally relevant and functional therapeutic assets for some black people. PMID- 7310920 TI - Advanced skin cancer in Tanzanian albinos: preliminary observations. AB - Ten cases of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in albinos, treated by radiotherapy from 1973 to 1979 at the Muhimbili Medical Center of Dar-es-Salaam, have been reviewed. Age, sex, duration of symptoms, anatomic distribution, stage of disease, and treatment are reviewed. The relationship between albinism, sunlight, and skin cancer is discussed and a practical program of prevention is suggested. Advanced carcinoma of skin in albinos may be managed successfully with judicious radiation therapy. Excellent objective responses have been noted. No assessment of long-term control is made due to poor follow-up of patients. PMID- 7310922 TI - Multiple primary malignancies in black patients. AB - Charts of 42 black patients with multiple malignant neoplasms were among 1,953 cancer patients selected for review during the period of 1959 through 1979. The incidence was 2.15 percent. Most patients were female and the breast was the most frequent initial primary carcinoma. With this relatively small number of cases, there was no consistent cluster of initial and second primaries about which to make inferences. In the absence of a regional registry of primary tumor incidence, no generalities could be obtained concerning a matched non-black population on the incidence of multiple primaries. However, comparison of this group could be made with data previously recorded. PMID- 7310919 TI - Effect of maternal age on pregnancy outcome. AB - Adolescent pregnancies represent 20 percent of deliveries in this country. It is commonly mentioned that adolescent pregnancies are often associated with increased obstetrical and pediatric risks. Two groups of "high risk" parturients (adolescents, N=130; older, N=150) are compared. Demographic characteristics, complications of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and postpartum are evaluated.The outcome of pregnancy is similar for both groups of women in most of the parameters studied. Adolescent pregnancies have serious socioeconomic implications, but adolescence per se does not increase the risks of complications to mother and fetus. PMID- 7310921 TI - Carcinoma of the ovary. AB - The data for this paper are based on 50 patients discharged from the Queen of Angels Hospital with a diagnosis of carcinoma of the ovary from 1972 to 1978.Currently, ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death of all pelvic malignancies. Peak incidence of ovarian cancer is found in women between 40 to 65 years of age. Symptomatology includes often vague abdominal discomfort, dyspepsia, and other digestive disorders which may be present for several months prior to diagnosis.The workup for suspected ovarian cancer should include a careful history, physical examination, pelvic, and rectal examinations, Pap smear, CBC, urinalysis, SMA 12 (blood chemistries), chest x-ray, and intravenous pyelography as indicated. Sonography, lymphangiography are optional.Traditionally, operative treatment has been the keystone of management for ovarian carcinoma. In view of the unsatisfactory results with operation and radiotherapy in disseminated disease, chemotherapy has been used widely. Hope for the future lies in further development of immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy. PMID- 7310923 TI - Midtrimester abortion experience in a community hospital. AB - The midtrimester abortion experience in a community hospital serving a population of approximately 250,000 people was reviewed over a four-year period. During the 48-month study period, 744 patients were aborted, utilizing intra-amniotic infusion of hypertonic saline and/or prostaglandins F(2)A augmented by a weak pitocin infusion. The combination of 20 percent saline, prostaglandins F(2)A preoperative placement of intracervical laminaria, and pitocin augmentation was found to be most efficacious, resulting in an average injection to abortion time of 10.5 hours and reduction of hospital stay from three to two days. The established protocol is reviewed. PMID- 7310924 TI - Chloroquine psychosis: a chemical psychosis? AB - Psychotic states are mimicked by the use of many drugs including amphetamines, cannabis, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin, mescaline, isoniazid, and L dopa. A paranoid psychotic picture in a clear sensorium is characteristic of amphetamine psychosis. In developing countries, malaria among other diseases is a frequent indicator of chloroquine administration. The present communication reports a series of chloroquine-induced psychosis in a clear sensorium simulating affective illness, such as mania, mixed affective states, or depression. The psychosis disappeared after cessation of the drug, combined with or without the use of low dosage phenothiazines in excited patients. From our cases, two types of presentation of chloroquine psychosis could be seen: (1) psychic with clear sensorium, mood changes, alteration in motor activity, delusions, and hallucinations; and (2) psycho-organic with clouded sensorium, disorientation, and fleeting hallucinations. The precise nature of the mechanism of the psychosis is not clear because of the limited number of reported cases. PMID- 7310925 TI - Calcified sebaceous cyst existing for 30 years in a pedunculated lipoma: report of a case. AB - A pedunculated lipoma present for 30 years developed an inclusion cyst in its most dependent apex. The walls of the inclusion cyst became calcified. This paper presents an unusual and interesting lesion. The probable reasons for calcifications are enumerated. An interesting x-ray and the gross pathologic specimen are demonstrated. PMID- 7310926 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and lentiginosis profusa. AB - This report describes the first case of mitral valve prolapse associated with lentiginosis profusa. PMID- 7310928 TI - [Studies on toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate -1. Acute toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate and its analogues in mice, rats and dogs (author's transl)]. AB - The acute toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP), hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (HB17) and hydrocortisone 21-butyrate (HB21) were investigated by three administration routes (s.c., i. p. and p. o.) in mice, rats and dogs. In the case of HBP, LD50 by oral administration was the highest, and followed by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration in mice and rats. And LD50 of HB17 and HB21 were not different from HBP in mice by subcutaneous administration. The depression of spontaneous movement and respiratory rate, ptosis, larcrymation and the collapse were commonly observed in all drugs, and it was independent of administration routes. The autopsy revealed the atrophy of thymus, spleen and adrenal glands, the supprative nodules of heart and liver and the ulcers of alimentary tract in mice and rats. But the changes observed in mice and rats were recognized when 1000 mg/kg of HBP was administered to dogs subcutaneously. Many of these changes were common to glucocorticoids, and the LD50 of HBP was rather high compared with other synthetic steroids; therefore, HBP was among less toxic steroid. PMID- 7310929 TI - [Studies on toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate -6. Subacute toxicity in dogs by percutaneous administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310927 TI - Hypothyroidism: a rare cause of the bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome--a case report and a review of the literature. AB - Reported herein is a patient who developed symptoms of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome following radioactive iodine induced hypothyroidism. A review of the literature is presented. PMID- 7310930 TI - [Influence of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate on the visual and the auditory organs (author's transl)]. AB - The visual toxicity and the ototoxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21 propionate (HBP), a newly synthesized anti-inflammatory steroid, was investigated using rats and dogs. (1) Electroretinogram (ERG) and visually evoked potential (VEP) in rats were not changed when HBP was administered intravenously and intraperitoneally, even at the semilethal doses. Consequently, it was suggested that HBP had no effect on the visual nervous system. (2) Similar to other corticosteroids, the intra ocular pressure rose in the dogs received HBP. Nevertheless, these dogs showed neither the remarkable changes in ERG, in the fundus of the eye, in the histological examination, nor the turbidity of the cornea and the lens. Based on these facts, it was reasonable to think that the the rise in the intra ocular pressure caused by HBP was not so severe that induce the secondary influence to other visual functions. (3) The rats received HBP did not show any changes in the auditory function by the audiometry. As the result, HBP was thought to be one of the rather safety corticosteroids concerning the visual toxicity and the ototoxicity. PMID- 7310931 TI - [Studies on antigenicity, phototoxicity and other specific toxicities of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP) (author's transl)]. AB - The present experiments were undertaken to determine the antigenicity and other toxicities of HBP; such as phototoxicity, photosensitivity, ulcerogenicity, adrogenic-myotropic, estrogenic and progestational activities, and mutagenicity. No antibody formation and delayed type skin reaction of HBP were seen in rabbits. Active systemic anaphylaxis was not observed in guinea pigs challenged by HBP. In the phototoxicity and photosensitivity test, 0.1% HBP ointment, 0.1% HBP cream and 10% HBP acetone solution did not show any skin reaction with or without irradiation of ultraviolet light. Repeated subcutaneous administration of HBP irritated the gastric and intestinal mucosa dose dependently in rats as hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and betamethasone 17-valerate (BV). HBP had neither androgenic-myotropic nor estrogenic activity, but antiestrogenic activity was observed. The progestational activity of HBP in immature rabbit pretreated with estrone was less potent than BV. In the mutagenicity test os HBP investigated by the reverse mutation according to the method by Ames, no significant increase in the number of revertants was observed in the presence or absence of S9 mixture. PMID- 7310933 TI - [Studies on toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate -3. Subacute toxicity in rats by percutaneous administration (author's transl)]. AB - Subacute toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP) was studied in rats. HBP was percutaneously given to rats with 0.1% and 0.5% creame (0.1% HBP C, 0.5% HBP-C) and ointment (0.1% HBP-O, 0.5% HBP-O) at the daily dose level of 150 mg per 100 g body weight for 1 month. Rats receiving HBP-C and HBP-O showed some dose-dependent symptoms such as the suppression of body weight gain, emaciation, decrease in the number of white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum total cholesterol level, regressive changes in adrenals, skin, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, which are known as toxic effects of synthetic corticosteroids. These symptoms were comparatively high toxic in male rats and in cream groups, and almost disappeared in rats elapsed recovery time of 1 month after withdrawal of HBP. PMID- 7310932 TI - [Studies on toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate -2. Subacute toxicity in rats by subcutaneous administration (author's transl)]. AB - Subacute toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP), a new synthetic corticosteroid, was studied in rats, using betamethasone 17-valerate (BV) and hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (HB) as the reference drugs. HBP was subcutaneously injected to rats at the daily doses of 0.08, 0.4, 2.0, 10 and 50 mg/kg for 30 days. BV and HB were also administered at the daily doses of 0.08, 0.4 and 2.0 mg/kg. The recovery test was performed for 4 weeks after administration of HBP, BV and HB. The suppression of body weight gain by HBP was observed at the doses more than 0.08 mg/kg in male and more than 2.0 mg/kg in female rats. In addition, at the doses more than 0.4 mg/kg of HBP induced the dose-dependent symptoms such as decrease in the number of circulating white blood cells, lymphocyte counts and S-ALP level, increase in total cholesterol, GOT and GPT level of serum, and regressive changes in adrenals, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues. There were fatal cases in rats given 50 mg/kg of HBP. These changes are considered to be common phenomena to other corticosteroids, and less toxic in female than male rats. Changes of symptoms caused by the administration of HBP 2.0 mg/kg were almost recovered after withdrawal. The toxicities of three corticosteroids were in the order of BV greater than HB greater than or equal to HBP in strength. As the result, maximum non-toxic dose of HBP was estimated to be 0.08 mg/kg in female and lower than that in male rats. PMID- 7310934 TI - [Studies on toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate -4. Chronic toxicity in rats by subcutaneous administration (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate (HBP), a new synthetic corticosteroid, was studied in rats. HBP was subcutaneously injected to rats as the daily doses of 0.001, 0.01, 0.01, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg for 6 months, and the following recovery test was carried out for 4 weeks. Hydrocortisone 17 butyrate (HB) and betamethasone 17-valerate (BV) were used as the reference drugs at the doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg. The suppression of body weight gain by the administration of HBP was observed at the doses more than 1.0 mg/kg in male and more than 0.1 mg/kg in female, and the dead animals were sent at the highest dose of HB and BV. Mainly at the doses more than 0.1 mg/kg HBP induced the dose dependent symptoms such as decrease in the number of white blood cells and total protein level in serum, and increase in total cholesterol, GOT and GPT level in serum, and atrophic changes of adrenals, lymphatic tissues, skin and subsexual organs. No usual abnormality was recognized at the doses less than 0.01 mg/kg of HBP. These symptoms were more toxic in male, and the strength of toxicity was in the order of BV greater than HB greater than HBP. Many of these findings have known as common effects of corticosteroids. The changes observed in this study were almost recovered after withdrawal of HBP at the doses less than 0.1 mg/kg. As the result, it was suggested that the maximum non-toxic dose of HBP was 0.001 mg/kg. PMID- 7310936 TI - Fine structure of sense organs on the antennal pedicel and scape of the male cockroach, Periplaneta americana. PMID- 7310935 TI - [Studies of toxicity of hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate -5. Chronic toxicity in rats by percutaneous administration (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic toxicity of a new synthetic corticosteroid, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21 propionate (HBP), was investigated in rats of both sexes. HBP was percutaneously given to rats with 0.1%, 0.5% cream and ointment at the daily dose level of 150 mg per 100 g body weight for 6 months. For the comparison, the percutaneous toxicity with 0.12% betamethasone 17-valerate (BV) cream and ointment, and 0.1% hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (HB) cream and ointment at the daily dose level of 150 mg per 100 g body weight were studied. Rats receiving HBP showed the dose dependent changes such as the suppression of body weight gain and food intake, emaciation, decrease in the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, total protein, increase in the number of red cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood sugar and total cholesterol, regressive changes in adrenal cortex, lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues and skin, and gastric erosion, which have been well known as toxic effects of synthetic corticosteroids. These findings were comparatively high toxic in male, and almost disappeared in rats elapsed recovery time of month after withdrawal of HBP. The toxicities of HBP, BV and HB were qualitatively same. However, the grade of effects of HBP toxicity was similar to that of HB, weaker than of BV. PMID- 7310937 TI - Lysosomes and the modulation of cell morphology in the isthmus region of the outer mantle epithelium in the estuarine clam, Rangia cuneata. PMID- 7310938 TI - Analysis of membrane structure in the transitional epithelium of rat urinary bladder. 3. Localization of cholesterol using filipin and digitonin. PMID- 7310939 TI - Atypical mitochondria in the lung of newts, Triturus alpestris, Laur. PMID- 7310940 TI - Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus, Phipps) with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride. AB - Free ranging polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were immobilized using a concentrated solution of 200 mg ketamine HCl and 200 mg xylazine HCl per ml. A mean dosage of 6.8 mg (n = 21) of each drug/kg body weight was successful in immobilizing polar bears older than one year and 2.8 mg (n = 6) of each drug/kg body weight was effective for cubs of the year (COY). Mean induction time for bears other than COY was 13.2 min. Mean induction time for COY was 2 min. Bears were tractable for a minimum of 30 min. Male and female polar bears responded similarly to the drugs. Immobilization was characterized by slow deep breathing, relaxed muscles, no excess salivation and no convulsions. The combination of ketamine HCl and xylazine HCl appears to be a useful alternative to drugs previously used for immobilizing polar bears, PMID- 7310941 TI - Fentanyl and azaperone produced neuroleptanalgesia in the sea otter (Enhydra lutris). PMID- 7310942 TI - Attempted experimental transfer of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei, Acarina: Sarcoptidae) among red fox, coyote, wolf and dog. PMID- 7310943 TI - A survey of trichinosis among black bears of Arizona. PMID- 7310944 TI - Studies on cross-transmission and pathogenicity of Haemonchus contortus in white tailed deer, domestic cattle and sheep. AB - Experiments were conducted to compare the relative pathogenicity and infectivity of deer- and cattle-derived Haemonchus contortus for three hosts, viz., white tailed deer, cattle and domestic sheep. Parameters evaluated for all animals were: general physical condition, basic hematologic values, fecal egg counts and parasite infectivity rates. Clinical signs attributable to H. contortus infections were not observed in any of the experimental animals. Deer harboring H. contortus burdens greater than 70 worms/kg body weight had decreased packed cell volume, hemoglobin and total serum protein values. Statistical analyses indicated there was not a significant difference (P greater than .05) in infectivity of deer-derived H. contortus in these hosts. No significant difference (P greater than .05) in infectivity for deer was noted between deer derived H. contortus and cattle-derived H. contortus. Morphometric comparisons of helminths recovered indicated that parasites of deer and cattle origin were both compatible with the description for H. contortus. Results suggest that cross transmission of H. contortus occurs between deer and domestic livestock. PMID- 7310945 TI - Coccidia of Aleutian Canada geese. PMID- 7310946 TI - The coccidia of quail in the United States. AB - Intestinal contents from 12 scaled quail (Callipepla squamata), 10 bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), 20 harlequin quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae), 35 California quail (Lophortyx californicus), 15 Gambel's quail (Lophortyx gambelii), and 29 mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) were examined for coccidian oocysts. Only 18 (14.9%) of 121 birds had coccidian oocysts in their feces at the time of collection; these included 9 L. californicus and 9 O. pictus. Four eimerians and an isosporan were found in the 18 infected birds. Eimeria lophortygis and E. okanaganensis had been previously described from L. californicus, but were also seen in O. pictus. Eimeria crusti sp. n. and Eimeria oreortygis sp. n. are described from O. pictus; E. oreortygis was also found in L. californicus. Broadly ellipsoid oocysts of E. crusti had a rough outer wall, were 26.0 X 21.2 (24-28 X 20-23) microns, and contained ovoid sporocysts 15.7 X 7.5 (14-18 X 7 8)microns. Micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent but a polar granule, sporocyst residuum, Stieda and substieda bodies were present. Slightly ovoid oocysts of E. oreortygis had a smooth outer wall, were 24.4 X 18.7 (21-28 X 17 23) microns, and contained ovoid sporocysts 14.1 X 7.21 (13-16 X 6-9) microns. Micropyle and polar granules were absent but a small oocyst residuum, large sporocyst residuum, Stieda and substieda bodies were present. Oocysts of an isosporan were found and compared to oocysts of Isospora lacazei isolated from sparrows in a previous study. PMID- 7310947 TI - Polycystic liver in four white-tailed deer. PMID- 7310948 TI - Leiomyomas in two sea otters, Enhydra lutris. PMID- 7310949 TI - A squamous cell carcinoma in a California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). PMID- 7310951 TI - Hematological and blood chemical values of mallard, Anas p. platyrhynchos, drakes before, during and after remige moult. AB - Hematological and blood chemical values were determined for wild and captive mallards, Anas p. platyrhynchos, for the late spring period prior to remige moult through early fall migration. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, erythrocyte and total leukocyte counts, as well as the number of heterophils and lymphocytes, declined significantly during and after remige moult compared to values recorded prior to remige moult. During fall migration mallard drakes had elevated levels of glucose and uric acid. No significant changes were observed in total protein, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase or creatine phosphokinase in pre- or post-moult periods. The hematological and biochemical values should prove useful in providing background information on mallard drakes, and documenting baseline data for intra and interspecies comparisons with diseased birds. PMID- 7310950 TI - Oral melanoma in a captive wallaby, Wallabia rufogrisea. PMID- 7310952 TI - Effects of lead shot ingestion on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, hemoglobin concentration, and serum chemistry in bald eagles. AB - Lead shot ingestion by bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is considered to be widespread and has been implicated in the death of eagles in nature. It was recently demonstrated under experimental conditions that ingestion of as few as 10 lead shot resulted in death within 12 to 20 days. In the present study hematological responses to lead toxicity including red blood cell ALAD activity, hemoglobin concentration and 23 different blood serum chemistries were examined in five captive bald eagles that were unsuitable for rehabilitation and release. Eagles were dosed by force-feeding with 10 lead shot; they were redosed if regurgitation occurred. Red blood cell ALAD activity was inhibited by nearly 80% within 24 hours when mean blood lead concentration had increased to 0.8 parts per million (ppm). By the end of 1 week there was a significant decrease (20-25%) in hematocrit and hemoglobin, and the mean blood lead concentration was over 3 ppm. Within as little as 1-2 weeks after dosing, significant elevations in serum creatinine and serum alanine aminotransferase occurred, as well as a significant decrease in the ratio of serum aspartic aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase. The mean blood lead concentration was over 5 ppm by the end of 2 weeks. These changes in serum chemistry may be indicative of kidney and liver alterations. PMID- 7310953 TI - Experimental malignant catarrhal fever (African form) in white-tailed deer. AB - White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were experimentally infected with the African form of malignant catarrhal fever (AMCF) virus by inoculation of whole blood from experimentally infected cattle, from whole blood obtained from a greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and from virus isolated in cell culture. The incubation period from AMCF in experimentally infected deer ranged from 13 to 18 days. Clinical disease was characterized by lacrimation, an elevated body temperature, conjunctivitis and swelling of the external lymph nodes. Histologic lesions were primarily characterized by widespread vasculitis and lymphadenopathy. The organs most severely affected were liver, lymphoid tissue, brain and lungs. Successful recovery and identification of AMCF virus was accomplished from one experimentally infected deer. PMID- 7310954 TI - Characterization of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from a parrot (Psittacus erythracus) in Nigeria. AB - The characteristics of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from a parrot (Psittacus erythracus) in Nigeria were examined using standard laboratory tests. Minimum lethal dose in embryos was 10(-10), mean death time 44.8 h. The intracerebral and intravenous pathologic indices were 1.65 and 2.42, respectively. The virus was resistant at pH 3 and pH 7.2 and the hemagglutinin was thermostable at 56 C for 120 min. Of 10 mammalian species of erythrocytes examined, those of equine and rat were not agglutinated. The isolate was typed as a velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 7310956 TI - CT scanning of the brain: a revolution in only eight years. PMID- 7310955 TI - Urine sampling techniques for captive white-tailed deer. AB - Three urine sampling techniques were employed in nutritional experiments with captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Urethral catheterization permitted successful urine collection from females. Furosemide induced urination in male fawns 36.4 +/- 3.1 min (SE) after injection. Significant (P less than 0.05) variation in the responses of individual fawns to this drug were detected. Xylazine hydrochloride induced urination in adult males 91.8 +/- 4.7 min after injection. Significant (P less than 0.01) differences in responses to this drug were detected among individual deer and sample months. The applicability of these urine sampling techniques is discussed. PMID- 7310958 TI - Routine temperature monitoring during anesthesia. PMID- 7310959 TI - Serum levels and digoxin toxicity. PMID- 7310957 TI - Vaginal spermicides and congenital disorders. PMID- 7310960 TI - Teaching geriatrics. PMID- 7310962 TI - Pancreatitis after administration of sulindac. PMID- 7310961 TI - Nitroprusside-induced intracranial hypertension. PMID- 7310964 TI - The range of intensive care services today. AB - During the past 20 years, there has been a large increase in the number of hospitals with intensive care units (ICUs). To discover what services are provided to the growing number of ICU patients, we studied 624 consecutive admissions to a general surgical-medical ICU within a university hospital. We recorded the proportion of admissions and services involving intensive treatment as opposed to concentrated nursing care or monitoring. We found that for nearly half (49%) of the admissions and during two thirds (65%) of the nursing shifts, the emphasis was on close nursing care and observation, not intensive treatment. Of 252 patients admitted for monitoring, 216 (86%) never required active treatment before discharge. The average length of stay of these 216 patients was 2.1 days. If this distribution of services and admissions within one university hospital is also found at other institutions, it suggests that a substantial portion of ICU services may now be directed at monitoring stable, noncritically ill patients. PMID- 7310965 TI - Use of nutritional supplements by family practice patients. AB - Sixty patients and their physicians were interviewed to assess their attitudes and practices with respect to nutritional supplements. Forty patients (67%) used nutritional supplements on a regular daily basis or had used them to treat an illness. Thirty-two (80%) of the supplement users believed supplements were effective in increasing energy, vitality, and physical strength. The majority of supplementation was suggested by friends, family, and lay publications. Thirty seven (62%) of the supplement users had never discussed nutritional supplements with their physicians. For the most part, physicians were unaware of supplement use in their patients and did not regard this as their responsibility. Implications of the independent and unmonitored action of the patient in this aspect of health maintenance is discussed. PMID- 7310966 TI - Bacterial endocarditis and right atrial vegetation. Detection by two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 7310968 TI - Intra-abdominal abscess. Radiological diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7310967 TI - Images and reflections. PMID- 7310969 TI - Diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice. PMID- 7310963 TI - Terbutaline and maternal cardiac function. AB - The effect of terbutaline sulfate on left ventricular size and performance was studied by M-mode echocardiography in pregnant women with premature labor. Patients with uterine activity initiated during either oxytocin challenge testing or induction of labor served as a comparison group. During terbutaline therapy, heart rate, ejection fraction, and cardiac output increased significantly. End diastolic volume and systolic blood pressure (BP) were unchanged, and diastolic BP and end-systolic volume fell. No changes in echocardiographic or hemodynamic parameters were present during oxytocin-induced uterine activity. Terbutaline, as currently used to prevent premature labor, is a potent inotropic and chronotropic agent. Pulmonary edema accompanying terbutaline treatment is probably not due to cardiac failure. PMID- 7310971 TI - False-negative bone scans. PMID- 7310970 TI - Postoperative ulnar neuropathy. PMID- 7310972 TI - Aspirin and perioperative blood loss. PMID- 7310973 TI - Palpable breast masses. The importance of preoperative mammography. PMID- 7310974 TI - Informed consent in resuscitation research. PMID- 7310975 TI - The occupational and environmental health history. AB - Occupational and environmental diseases frequently masquerade as routine medical disorders. Yet environmental factors rarely enter into the clinician's differential diagnosis. This article provides a sequence of steps that can be used by the practicing physician for detecting occupational diseases: Step 1: Routine screening questions for all patients (List of job titles? Exposure to fumes, dusts, chemicals, loud noise, or radiation? Temporal relationship of the chief complaint to activities at work or at home?). Step 2: Consideration of sources of exposure (workplace or home surroundings). Step 3: Identification and handling of the hazardous agent. Step 4: Follow-up, consultation, and resolution of the problem. Equipped with this approach, the clinician can play an important role in the detection and prevention of occupational- and environmental-related diseases. PMID- 7310976 TI - Transverse myelitis associated with cat-scratch disease in an adult. PMID- 7310977 TI - Laetrile-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 7310978 TI - The role of surgery in the management of lymphoma. PMID- 7310979 TI - Splenomegaly. An algorithmic approach to diagnosis. PMID- 7310980 TI - Recent events of special interest to medication education. PMID- 7310981 TI - Undergraduate medical education. PMID- 7310982 TI - Graduate medical education in the United States. PMID- 7310983 TI - Continuing medical education. PMID- 7310984 TI - Allied health education and accreditation. PMID- 7310985 TI - Medical education programs sponsored by government agencies. PMID- 7310986 TI - [Studies on myocardial infarct size and the release of myocardial enzymes in experimental infarction: correlation of infarct size and released myocardial enzymes after coronary artery ligation and reperfusion with special reference to CPK-MB]. PMID- 7310987 TI - [The difference between carcinomatous and tuberculous pleural fluid in fibrin and fibrinogen metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310988 TI - [A case of hemophilia A associated with hemophilic pseudotumor, cerebral thrombosis and arteriovenous fistulae (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310989 TI - [A case of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) associated with huge thymoma responsive to corticosteroid therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7310990 TI - [Plasma exchange and thoracic duct drainage in autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 7310991 TI - [Immunomodulation mechanism of polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, with special reference to PSK]. PMID- 7310992 TI - [Use of immunomodulators in the management of autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 7310993 TI - [Development and clinical use of membrane oxygenators]. PMID- 7310994 TI - [Background of immunologic diseases]. PMID- 7310998 TI - [Maintenance hemodialysis]. PMID- 7310997 TI - [Cancer research--its validity]. PMID- 7310995 TI - [Acquired heart diseases. Congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 7310996 TI - [Digestive tract diseases and cybernetics. 2. Approach to organ function tests]. PMID- 7310999 TI - [Anatomy of defense system in the body]. PMID- 7311000 TI - [Complement system and bacteriolysis]. PMID- 7311001 TI - [Plakin and beta-lysin in natural defense system]. PMID- 7311002 TI - [Phagocytes and bacteriocidal mechanisms]. PMID- 7311003 TI - [Infections and natural killer cell]. PMID- 7311007 TI - [Subclinical infection]. PMID- 7311004 TI - [Perinatal infections]. PMID- 7311005 TI - [Carrier state and its significance]. PMID- 7311006 TI - [Change in bacterial flora and superinfection]. PMID- 7311008 TI - [Age difference in the clinical pictures of infectious diseases]. PMID- 7311009 TI - [Role of bacterial products with special reference to Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 7311010 TI - [Mutation of virulence in pathogenic bacteria]. PMID- 7311011 TI - [Cell wall defective variant, with special reference to pathogenic significance of L-form bacteria]. PMID- 7311012 TI - [Mechanism of drug resistant strain of bacteria]. PMID- 7311014 TI - [Influenza vaccine]. PMID- 7311016 TI - [Agents against drug resisting bacteria]. PMID- 7311015 TI - [Prospects in the development of antiviral agents]. PMID- 7311017 TI - [Antitoxin preparations]. PMID- 7311013 TI - [Appearance of drug resistant strains in major causative bacteria]. PMID- 7311019 TI - [Chemoprophylaxis of hemolytic streptococcal infections]. PMID- 7311020 TI - [Global control of malaria]. PMID- 7311021 TI - [Modern interpretation of sterilization and disinfection]. PMID- 7311018 TI - [Roles and possibilities of Lactobacillus supplements]. PMID- 7311022 TI - [Background of immunologic diseases. 6]. PMID- 7311024 TI - [Bacterial infections in India]. PMID- 7311023 TI - [Neoplasm research--its validity]. PMID- 7311025 TI - [Blood pressure determination in clinical situation]. PMID- 7311027 TI - [Blood pressure telemetry]. PMID- 7311026 TI - [24-hour blood pressure measurement and its significance]. PMID- 7311028 TI - [Radioisotope determination of cardiac output]. PMID- 7311029 TI - [Determination of cardiac output with computerized tomography]. PMID- 7311030 TI - [Extracorporeal simultaneous determination of renal circulation and glomerular filtration rate with radioisotopes]. PMID- 7311031 TI - [Blood volume determination with plethysmography]. PMID- 7311032 TI - [Extracorporeal electromagnetic velocity probe]. PMID- 7311033 TI - [Thermographic determination of blood volume in ischemic area]. PMID- 7311034 TI - [Progress of cardiac dynamics]. PMID- 7311035 TI - [Length-tension-contraction speed in the determination of myocardial contraction]. PMID- 7311036 TI - [Evaluation of ventricular function by cardiac blood flow-- ultrasonic pulse Doppler method]. PMID- 7311037 TI - [Valsalva's maneuver]. PMID- 7311038 TI - [Echocardioangiography]. PMID- 7311039 TI - [Thrombosis at the site of abdominal aortic aneurysm with repeated myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7311040 TI - [Primary aldosteronism with left adrenal gland adenoma found by CT scanning with negative findings by dexamethasone-modified adrenal scintigraphy]. PMID- 7311041 TI - [Malignant diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma--an autopsy case]. PMID- 7311042 TI - [Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome associated with kidney disease]. PMID- 7311043 TI - [Chronic nephritis with silicosis, with small-type hematoxylin-like small bodies in the lung]. PMID- 7311045 TI - [Primary malignant nephrosclerosis (Bohle, 1973) -- an autopsy study]. PMID- 7311044 TI - [Endolymphatic stromal myosis with pulmonary metastasis]. PMID- 7311047 TI - [Computed tomography of the venous structure along the aortic arch- differentiation from aortic arch lymph nodes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311046 TI - [Serum lipoprotein abnormalities in renal diseases - a comparative study with histopathological diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311048 TI - [Fate of the false lumen of aortic dissection - evaluation by CT scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311049 TI - [Topographic diagnosis of parathyroid tumor by CT scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311050 TI - [Clinical evaluation of chest X-rays, gallium-67 scans and CT scans in sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311051 TI - [Clinical significance of ultrasonography in diagnosis of pediatric diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311052 TI - [Combination treatment of radiation and hyperthermia for superficially recurrent tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311057 TI - [Ultrasonically guided percutaneous pancreatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311056 TI - [A case of traumatic intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm with hemobilia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311054 TI - [Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in a patient with desquamative interstitial pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311055 TI - [A case of rounded atelectasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311058 TI - [Right lower lobe cancer silhouetting out the right cardiac border (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311059 TI - [Demonstration of abscess on 67Ga scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311053 TI - [Computed tomography in diagnosis of acute traumatic epidural hematoma in posterior fossa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311060 TI - [Miliary tuberculosis in recent years - studies of chest roentgenograms]. PMID- 7311061 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bronchial arteriography in metastatic lung tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311064 TI - [Angiography in transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney: angiographic feature and indication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311062 TI - [Investigation of spinal subarachnoid space with metrizamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311063 TI - [Roentgenologic diagnosis of smooth-muscle tumors with extraluminal growth of the small intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311065 TI - [Three cases of primary atypical pneumonia with multiple round infiltrations in the upper lung field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311066 TI - [A case of pulmonary papillomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311067 TI - [A case of neurinoma of the stomach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311068 TI - [Cases and diagnosis of duodenal tumors originated from other organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311069 TI - [A case of systemic amyloidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311070 TI - [A case typical familial polyposis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311071 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a case of the external iliac artery obstruction treated with use of Gruntzig balloon catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311072 TI - [A case of thanatophoric dysplasia with long survival (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311073 TI - [Vacuum forming machine for radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311074 TI - [Pelvic extraperitoneal hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311075 TI - [67Ga scintigraphy in adrenal tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311076 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in two inbred guinea pigs. II. Strain differences in susceptibility to passive transfer of EAE. AB - Two inbred strains of guinea pigs, Strain 13 and JY-1, were compared with regard to their susceptibility to the elicitation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by passively transferred sensitized lymph node cells. Recipient guinea pigs were injected with more than 2 X 10(8) of viable lymph node cells from donors that had been immunized for the elicitation of EAE 8 days prior to the cell transfer. 1) Clinical course of EAE in all adult guinea pigs passively transferred with adult and juvenile sensitized lymph node cells was acute. 2) Sensitized cells required for successful passive transfer of EAE was less in JY-1 guinea pigs than in Strain 13 guinea pigs. 3) The sensitized cells from juvenile Strain 13 guinea pigs were less competent to transfer EAE than the adult ones whereas in JY-1 guinea pigs the juvenile cells were as effective as the adult ones. PMID- 7311077 TI - Application of liposomal membranes to the analysis of the triggering mechanism of sperm acrosomal reaction. AB - The analysis of the triggering mechanisms of the sperm acrosomal reaction was attempted by using multilamellar liposome model membranes. The permeability of liposomes composed of egg lecithin, cholesterol and dicetylphosphate was increased by addition of the acrosome reactive substance which was obtained from the jelly coat of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. An identical but more rapid response was also observed with liposomes containing sialoglycosphingolipids isolated from spermatozoa of the sea urchin. CA++ ions enhanced the reaction with both types of liposomes. The multilamellar liposomes were found to be useful as a model membrane of the sperm acrosomal reaction, and an involvement of sialoglycosphingolipids in the sperm acrosomal reaction was suggested. PMID- 7311078 TI - Schistosoma japonicum: ultrastructural changes in the tegument during cercaria schistosomulum transformation. AB - The tegumental changes of Schistosoma japonicum cercaria were initiated when introduced into NCTC 109 containing antibiotics for axenizing. In some regions the tegument was covered with a penta- or heptalaminate membrane, and the surface coat changed into an electron-dense, amorphous material. Large vacuoles limited by a multilaminate membrane were evident in the tegumental cytoplasm, and some appeared to join or open to the tegument. After 4 h incubation in NCTC 109 containing 50% fresh rabbit serum, the outer tegumental membrane of schistosomulum became heptalaminate. The amorphous material was still present on the surface of the tegument. Within 72 h the tegument was covered with a heptalaminate membrane over a greater part of the body, and the amorphous material was very reduced. Large vacuoles in the tegument disappeared and tegumental folds developed in some regions. No amorphous material existed on the surface of 10-day schistosomulum and the outer membrane of the tegument was heptalaminate in almost all regions of the body. PMID- 7311080 TI - [The inhibitory effect of sulpiride on arginine-stimulated serum gastrin and growth hormone in normal subjects and peptic ulcer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311079 TI - Fractionation of IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 immunoglobulins from mouse serum by protein A-sepharose column chromatography. AB - Normal mouse serum was fractionated on protein A-Sepharose column by the elution with citrate buffer of different pH. At pH 8.0 IgG of all subclasses were retained on the column and main portion of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG3, and IgG2b were eluted at pH 6.0, 5.0, 4.0 and 3.0, respectively, as assessed by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. Pure IgG1 and IgG2b were obtained by elution at pH 6.0 and 3.0, respectively, from normal serum. The identity of IgG1 globulin was confirmed by its antibody activity in chromatography fraction of anti-sheep red blood cell antiserum and also by its inability to fix complement. IgG3 globulin was eluted at pH 4.0 and also at pH 5.0. The identity of IgG3 was confirmed by the formation of M-bow-like precipitin line in gamma region of immuno-electrophoresis. The affinity of IgG3 to protein A was reduced by the treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). From 2-ME treated normal serum, therefore, pure IgG2a could be obtained at pH 4.0, although the recovery was low. Otherwise, IgG2a was always eluted with other subclass, IgG1 or IgG3. PMID- 7311081 TI - [Experimental studies on mechanism of formation and prevention of cimetidine and vagotomy in stress ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311082 TI - [Diagnostic value of oral bile acid tolerance test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311083 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies on human colonic tumors: with special reference to secretory component localization and IgA transport mechanism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311084 TI - [A study of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with chronic active hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311085 TI - [Correlation of cell injuries to the intracellular lipid peroxide formation in ADCC-mediated liver cell damages (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311086 TI - [Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by the experimental chronic alcoholic liver injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311088 TI - [New techniques for percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage: one under fluoroscopic control and the other with real-time ultrasonic guidance. Procedures and therapeutic effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311089 TI - [Zinc and magnesium output in pancreatic juice after pancreaticoduodenectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311087 TI - [Lower esophageal sphincter function and its clinical implication in liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311091 TI - [A case of Crohn's disease with hepatic granuloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311090 TI - [The effect of pancreatic juice diversion on plasma secretin level and pancreatic secretion in postprandial state in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311092 TI - [A case of pancreatic liposarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311093 TI - [Hepatic functional reserve capacity and hepatic blood flow, hepatic oxygen consumption and glucose tolerance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311095 TI - [The significant role of liver lysosomes on manganese metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311094 TI - [Serum ribonuclease activity in obstructive jaundice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311097 TI - [The relationship between the number of disease names and the number of patients observations on inpatients in a university hospital - (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311096 TI - [Clinico-chemical studies on chronic cadmium poisoning. (Part 5) Renal functions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311098 TI - [Comparative study on airway irritability response to smoking assessed by whole body plethysmography and forced oscillation method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311099 TI - [Effects of learning schedules on operant behavior in toluene inhaled rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311100 TI - [Alteration of cardiac function in rats acutely exposed to nitrogen dioxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311101 TI - [Microbiological studies on waste water treatment by medical schools and hospitals. (IV) Identification of bacteria which degrade disinfectants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311102 TI - [Implantable telemetry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311106 TI - Neorickettsia-like organism isolated from metacercaria of a fluke, Stellantchasmus falcatus. AB - "Hyuga" fever, reportedly caused by Rickettsia sennetsu, occurring in the west of Japan was suspected to be an endoparasite-borne rickettsiosis. No R. sennetsu, however, was detected in metacercariae found in the muscles of grey mullets (Mugil cephalus) ingested raw by most "Hyuga" fever patients. Instead, another neorickettsia-like organism (SF strain) was isolated occasionally from metacercariae of Stellantchasmus falcatus. A dog was inoculated with SF strain. It developed mild fever after an incubation period of 10 days. No other clinical sign nor any macroscopic change upon autopsy was noted. The organisms were detected in its blood, lymph nodes and spleen, but not further transmissible. From these findings, the pathogenicity of SF strain to the dog seemed to be much lower than that of Neorickettsia helminthoeca or the Elokomin fluke fever agent of neorickettsia. These experiments support our presumption that SF strain may be a new member of neorickettsia, although no comparison of the antigenicity between SF strain and other neorickettsiae has been made. PMID- 7311105 TI - [Biotelemetry for obstetrics and gynecology. (A) Transmission of fetal informations via telephone line (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311104 TI - [Some aspects of new biometry systems (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311103 TI - [Value of ECG-ratio-telemetry in cardiac patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311107 TI - Eradication of smallpox and elimination of poliomyelitis: contrasts in strategy. PMID- 7311108 TI - Separation of Clostridium botulinum type A derivative toxin into two fragments. AB - Two fragments with molecular weights of 105,000 (fragment I) and 58,000 (fragment II) were separated chromatographically from each other after Clostridium botulinum type A derivative toxin adsorbed onto a QAE-Sephadex column was treated with dithiothreitol and urea. They were antigenic and formed crossing precipitin lines against anti-derivative toxin in agar gel diffusion tests. Upon removal of dithiothreitol and urea by dialysis, the two fragments reassembled to reconstruct the derivative toxin molecule. PMID- 7311109 TI - Serological survey for SV5, measles and herpes simplex infections in newly imported cynomolgus monkeys. AB - On 592 cynomolgus monkeys of newly-imported 14 different groups, sero epidemiological follow-up surveys of natural infections with SV5, measles (MV) and herpes simplex (HSV) were conducted both at the time of arrival and at the end of the 9-week quarantine period at Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science (TPC). At the time of arrival, the positive rate of antibodies against these viruses greatly varied with different countries of origin. As regards SV5, the positive rate ranged widely from 0 to 94.9% among different import-groups, being markedly low in the Philippine monkey groups. The positive rate of MV antibody was generally very high, varying from 11.1 to 78.2% in almost all import-groups except two groups from Indonesia in which no positive case was detected. Concerning HSV, every import-group had a very high positive rate though the average antibody titer was not so high. Generally, the positive rates of SV5 and MV markedly increased by the end of quarantine period. Especially, MV positive rate reached 100% in almost all of the import-groups. However, two Indonesian groups showed no increase of SV5 and MV positive rates during the quarantine period. No increase of SV5 positive rate was detected either with any of three Philippine groups. As for HSV, the positive rate remained unchanged or rather decreased during the quarantine period in almost all groups except two Indonesian groups having shown a significant increase. PMID- 7311110 TI - Suppression of delayed hypersensitivity by measles virus infection in guinea pigs. AB - A guinea pig model of mild measles virus infection was established by the intranasal inoculation with Toyoshima strain. The infection was confirmed by the development of both humoral and cell-mediated immunities to measles virus as well as by the demonstration of transient virus growth in the lymphoid tissues. The virus infection caused a transient suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) at both the induction and expression phases, whereas Jones-Mote-type hypersensitivity to ovalbumin developed in a normal fashion. In the virus-infected animals, the suppressed response to the skin reacting factor was observed as well, however in vitro responsiveness of lymphocytes to PPD was not suppressed. On the other hand, transient enhancement of skin reactivity to phytohemagglutinin by virus infection was noticed. These results may indicate subtle alterations of immune functions in guinea pigs during measles virus infection. PMID- 7311111 TI - Isolation and serological characterization of influenza A virus from a pig in Thailand. AB - A hemagglutinating agent was isolated from a pig in Thailand in 1978 during the early febrile stage of an influenza-like illness and identified as influenza A virus. The isolate contained hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens that were antigenically indistinguishable from those of A/Tokyo/6/73 (H3N2), a Port Chalmers-like strain isolated in Japan. Serological tests also indicated that prevalence of H3N2 virus in the swine population in Thailand. PMID- 7311112 TI - A new Salmonella serovar: Salmonella itami (9,12:1,z13:1,2). AB - A new Salmonella serovar, here names Salmonella itami, was isolated from a traveller suffering from gastroenteritis, who had just returned from Thailand. The isolate belonged to the subgenus I of Salmonella, and the antigenic formula was determined to be 9,12:1,z13:1,2. PMID- 7311113 TI - Hepatitis B antigen and antibody prevalence of Japanese sera selected from the 1972 year's collection at National Serum Bank, National Institute of Health of Japan. PMID- 7311114 TI - Acid phosphatase activity of normal and Masugi nephritis in mice. PMID- 7311116 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of vascular lesions in chronic glomerulonephritis: the relationships of arteriolar and small artery lesions and mesangial reactions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311115 TI - [Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical observation of the mesangial deposition in smoldering glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311117 TI - [Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats. (10) Changes in coagulation-fibrinolysis system in the course of anti-GBM induced nephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311118 TI - [Studies on antinephritic action of dipyridamole (1). The effect of dipyridamole on anti-GBM induced nephritis in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311119 TI - [A case of familial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus accompanied with hypertension and atonic bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311120 TI - [Applicability of hemagglutination inhibition method using anti-antibody for measurement of circulating immune complexes in renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311121 TI - [Circulating EgA immune complexes in patients with renal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311122 TI - [Noninvasive evaluation of heart function by angiotensin II infusion test in the patients on chronic hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311123 TI - [Amino acid metabolism in chronic renal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311124 TI - [Analysis of phenols in uremic serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311125 TI - [A case study of tuberous sclerosis with subdural hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311126 TI - [Role of aldosterone in the potassium excretion in patients with advanced chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311127 TI - [Early detection of drug-induced pneumonitis by gallium-67 lung scan in six patients with normal chest radiographs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311128 TI - [Clinical evaluation of bone metastases from carcinoma of the digestive system by scintigraphy with 99mTc-phosphorous compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311129 TI - [Evaluation of regional wall motion using phase analysis of gated blood pool study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311130 TI - [Measurement of regurgitant fraction and shunt ratio by left and right ventricular stroke count ratio (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311131 TI - [Localization of Ga-67 in rat liver cell: the role of ferritin and lysosomes in intracellular gallium transport and storage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311132 TI - [Diagnostic value of myoglobin quantification by radioimmunoassay as an index of muscle damage in patients with vibration disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311133 TI - Physical and observer performance on the image quality with scintillation camera. PMID- 7311134 TI - [An evaluation of digoxin radioimmunoassay using solid phase method -SPAC digoxin kit- (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311135 TI - [A new bone scanning agent: clinical experience of 99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate (HMDP) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311136 TI - [A radioimmunoassay kit for measurement of human prostatic acid phosphatase (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311137 TI - [Fundamental studies of thyro-SHure kit (TSH) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311138 TI - gamma-aminobutyric acid in the murine brain: mass fragmentographic assay method and post-mortem changes. AB - An improved mass fragmentographic assay method for the determination of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain is described. Applicability of the method was examined in a study of the effect of semicarbazide on GABA levels and in a separate study to confirm post-mortem increase in GABA. The method itself is based on Cattabeni's procedure in which GABA is assayed as trimethylsilyl derivative. Three improvements were made: a) application of a more suitable mass spectrometry system for GABA determination; b) use of 6-aminocaproic acid as the internal standard; c) selection f a high intensive ion (m/z 174) for mass fragmentographic analysis. The mass spectrometer used is accurate to as little as 25 pg. GABA levels after semicarbazide treatment decreased 54.4% in rat whole brain and 44.2% in the dorsal hippocampus. Rapid post-mortem increases in GABA levels were confirmed by application of the improved assay method; decreases were most clearly observable following microwave irradiation. Post-mortem changes in GABA were observed within 3 min after death, as reported by other researchers. PMID- 7311139 TI - Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of aliphatic diamines on ingestive behavior in the rat. AB - We examined the pharmacological effects of intracerebroventricularly administered aliphatic diamines on ingestive behavior in male rats adapted to a 4 hr per day feeding and drinking schedule. 1,2-Ethanediamine (ETD), 1,3-propanediamine (PRD), 1,4-butanediamine (putrescine, PUT), 1,5-pentanediamine (cadaverine, CAD) and 1,6 hexanediamine (HED) suppressed feeding and drinking behavior in a dose-dependent manner, but not unless a relatively high dose (over 80 micrograms) was given. The approximate anorectic potency was HED greater than CAD divided by PUT greater than ETD greater than PRD. A sedation was also produced in fairly good parallel to these alterations in feeding and drinking behavior. Thus, there appears to be a relationship between the length of the carbon chain and the potency of the pharmacological action, and these inhibitory effects on feeding and drinking behavior are probably not due to a specific action on the regulatory system for ingestive behavior, but rather to a nonspecific action. PMID- 7311140 TI - Increased pressor responses to nicotine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Intraventricular administration of nicotine produced a biphasic effect, consisting of an initial rise than a slight fall in blood pressure in unanaesthetized rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rate (SHR) showed increased pressor responses, but these responses were within normal limits in renal hypertensive and DOCA-saline hypertensive rats. The blood pressure response to nicotine in SHR was abolished by intraventricular administration of hexamethonium, but not by atropine given via the same route. Central phentolamine and 6-hydroxydopamine did not affect the pressor response to nicotine. The pressor effect of nicotine in SHR was markedly diminished after removal of the adrenals and abolished after bilateral adrenalectomy plus peripheral 6 hydroxydopamine. These results indicate that the pressor response to intraventricular nicotine is increased in SHR. The pressor effect of nicotine may result from the activation of the central nicotinic receptor sites, which may cause the release of catecholamines both from the adrenal medulla and adrenergic nerve terminals. PMID- 7311141 TI - Elevation of the maximal seizure threshold produced by calcium hydroxide in rats. AB - The effect of calcium hydroxide on the maximal seizure threshold was studied in 18-day-old rats using the up-and-down method. The maximal seizure was induced by administering an electric shock through the eyes. When calcium hydroxide was given orally once a day (0.04 m moles/kg) for 10 days from the 8th to 18th day after birth, the maximal seizure threshold was raised by 4.8 mA, which corresponded to 16% of the threshold current in the control. the serum calcium concentration was not significantly altered after the treatment. When calcium chloride was given intraperitoneally, the maximal seizure threshold markedly increased with the increase in serum calcium. It is suggested that the mechanism of calcium hydroxide is different from that induced by increasing the serum calcium. PMID- 7311142 TI - Effects of pH on cytotoxicity of carboquone. AB - To assess the effects of pH on the cytotoxicity of carboquone (CQ), use was made of the mouse tail skin and HeLa cells in culture. CQ had the most potent cytotoxic effect at pH 6 rather than at pH7 or 8. Regarding the interaction between 14C-CQ and HeLa cells, both the intracellular accumulation of free 14C-CQ and the ratio of bound 14C-CQ to total 14C-CQ uptake were enhanced at pH6. Among the fractionated biomolecules of DNA, RNA and protein, DNA was the most active in binding CQ, under the same conditions of pH. The 14C-CQ binding to nucleic acids at pH 6 was more apparent than was the binding to protein. Thus, the enhancement of CQ cytotoxicity at low pHs is probably due to an increase in the intracellular accumulation of free CQ as well as to an enhanced reactivity of CQ with DNA, within the ranges of a lower pH. PMID- 7311143 TI - Dopamine receptor in anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis. AB - Effects of dopamine, N-methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-derivatives of dopamine, and alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulants on catch contraction of anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis were tested. The test drugs except the beta adrenoceptor stimulants relaxed catch contraction. Dopamine was most active and substitution of amino group in dopamine with ethyl and propyl decreased activity considerably. The concentration-curves of dopamine, its derivatives and norepinephrine shifted in parallel with application of haloperidol but were not influenced by the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. These results suggest that relaxation of catch contraction by catecholamines is mediated through a dopamine receptor. This muscle is considered to be suitable for a study of the dopamine receptor. PMID- 7311144 TI - Effects of methylxanthines on urinary prostaglandin E excretion in rats. AB - Effect of methylxanthines (theophylline, theobromine and caffeine) on urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion in male rats was studied. Oral administration of xanthines significantly increased the urinary excretion of PGE. Dose-response studies showed that the maximal excretion of urinary PGE and water was obtained by administration of theophylline (50 mg/kg), where the increase in PGE was about 20 times that of the control. The excretion of urinary sodium, potassium and chloride was also markedly increased by xanthines, particularly, theophylline. Increases in urinary PGE excretion, urine volume and electrolytes excretion were inhibited by 10 mg/kg of indomethacin administered prior to theophylline. The increase of urinary PGE excretion after theophylline administration (50 mg/kg) preceded increases in water and sodium excretion. These results suggest that renal PGE mediates, at least in part, the diuretic effect of theophylline. PMID- 7311145 TI - Central action of bradykinin (I). Electroencephalogram of bradykinin and its degradation system in rat brain. AB - Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to elucidate the relationship between the action of bradykinin (BK) and the possibility of release of pharmacologically active fragments from BK in the rat brain. In in vivo experiments, the activities of electroencephalogram (EEG) increased immediately after the intracerebral administration of 5 nmole BK. The effect was prolonged by intracerebral pretreatment of o-phenanthroline which inhibits plasma kininases. In vitro experiments, o-phenanthroline inhibited partially purified enzyme of rat brain which released fragments of BK possessing phenylalanine, serine, proline and/or arginine as N-terminal amino acids. Only arginine and minute amounts of phenylalanine were observed after the incubation with o-phenanthroline. The evidence suggests that the inhibition of the enzyme by o-phenanthroline resulted in a prolongation of the excited phase produced by BK on the EEG and on behavior. Supporting evidence indicates that Ser-Pro containing fragments derived from BK are concerned with the sedative phase of BK which was observed after the excitative stage. PMID- 7311146 TI - Effect of cimetidine on deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis in gastrointestinal mucosa of rats. AB - Using oxyntic and duodenal rat tissues, we investigated the effects of cimetidine, an antisecretagogue and a H2-receptor antagonist, on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosynthesis, determined according to the 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA fraction. Serum gastrin concentration and DNA biosynthesis in the tissues increased significantly in the fed rats, and administration of cimetidine significantly increased both serum gastrin concentration and the DNA biosynthesis in the oxyntic tissues. There was a significant correlation between the oxyntic DNA biosynthesis and the serum gastrin concentration. Cimetidine in concentrations of 0.01 to 1.0 mM, added to the incubation mixture, had no stimulatory effect on the DNA biosynthesis in the oxyntic tissues. These results support the hypothesis that DNA biosynthesis in oxyntic mucosa of rats may be regulated by the circulating gastrin. PMID- 7311147 TI - Effects of imipramine on frequency-force relationship in isolated right atrial muscle of the dog. PMID- 7311148 TI - Effect of acetazolamide on the secretion of pancreatic juice induced by dopamine in dogs. PMID- 7311149 TI - Butanol extracts from myelin fragments: colorimetric assay of gangliosides in myelin butanol extracts and its binding capacity for 5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 7311151 TI - Effect of 13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha on steroid biosynthesis in rat ovary. PMID- 7311150 TI - Ontogenesis of the dopamine uptake into P2 fractions and slices of the rat brain. PMID- 7311152 TI - Actions of desoxynupharidine hydrochloride in the central nervous system of experimental animals (I). AB - The effects of desoxynupharidine hydrochloride (DN) as the extractive component of the Nuphar japonicum DC on the central nervous system were studied. In the acute cats, DN (1-3 mg/kg, i.v.) produced 8-10 Hz waves in the hypothalamus lateralis and amygdala, and the hippocampal arousal wave gave way to the irregular high amplitude slow waves. In the midbrain reticular formation, nucl. reticularis and cortex, 12-13 Hz waves and high amplitude slow waves increased. A sleep-like pattern with spindle burst-like waves formed the general pattern of all EEGs. These spontaneous EEG activities were significantly inhibited by epinephrine hydrochloride and were potentiated by tolazoline hydrochloride and dibenamine hydrochloride etc. The above EEG changes were obtained even in the spinal cats. DN depressed the EEG arousal response produced by high frequency stimulation of the sciatic nerve and increased the threshold of stimulation. In the chronic cats, DN (1 mg/kg, i.v.) produced spindle burst-like waves of 12-14 Hz in the cortex and sedation concomitantly. These findings suggest that DN has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system and that adrenergic neurons are probably involved. PMID- 7311153 TI - Interactions between bacterial pyrogen and proteolipid extracted from the cerebrum (I). AB - As proteolipid of the myelin sheath and its parent glial membrane may possible interact with bacterial pyrogen (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) during penetration into the brain, we investigated the interaction of LPS with proteolipid derived from the cerebrum of rabbits, rats and chickens. Intravenous administration of LPS (1 microgram/kg) produced a febrile response in rabbits, but not in rats and chickens. Marked hyperthermia was observed in these three species after intracisternal administration of LPS (0.01-0.1 microgram/kg). Dinitrophenol (30 mg/kg s.c.) induced a high fever in these three species tested, particularly in the chickens. The pyrogenicity of LPS given intravenously to rabbits was inactivated by incubation of LPS with proteolipid in vitro. Inactivation effects of proteolipid extracted from the three species was in the order of: chickens, rats and rabbits. In rats, the inactivation effects of proteolipid from the adult animal were more potent than in the case of newborn animals. The febrile response induced by dinitrophenol and leucocytic pyrogen in rabbits, however, was not suppressed by incubation with proteolipid extracted from the rabbit brain. These results suggest that proteolipids do play an important role in the mechanism of penetration of LPS into the brain. PMID- 7311154 TI - Interactions between bacterial pyrogen and proteolipid extracted fom the cerebrum (II). AB - Our previous finding that the cerebral proteolipid could inactivate the pyrogenicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro was also studied by Sephadex LH 20 column chromatography and the following results were obtained. When rabbit cerebral proteolipid was chromatographed, two main protein peaks were obtained. One appeared in the chloroform (C)/methanol (M) 6:1 and the other C/M 4:1 effluent, designated as fraction IV and fraction V, respectively. When the incubation mixture of proteolipid and LPS was chromatographed, a new protein peak appeared in the C effluent. The new protein peak was suggested to be a complex of proteolipid protein and LPS, because pyrogenicity could be detected in the protein fractions only after treatment with 2% SDS. Fraction V but not fraction IV inactivated the pyrogenicity of LPS in vitro. By re-chromatography of the incubation mixture of fraction V and LPS, a complex of protein and LPS was also eluted in the C effluent. On the other hand, by rechromatography of the incubation mixture of fraction IV and LPS, such a complex was not detected in the C effluent. The present results suggest that the proteolipid apoprotein eluted in the C/M 4:1 effluent on a Sephadex LH-20 column plays an important role in the inactivation of the pyrogenicity of LPS. PMID- 7311155 TI - Thebaine metabolites in the urine of rhesus monkeys. AB - The metabolic fate of thebaine in rhesus monkeys was investigated. Using thin layer chromatography, more than four metabolites were detected in the urine of monkeys given thebaine (8 mg/kg, s.c.). Two of the metabolites isolated by high performance liquid chromatography were not consistent with those reported previously. With the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the structures were identified as oripavine (3-O-demethylthebaine) and nororipavine (3-O,N-di demethylthebaine) from the mass spectra of their trimethylsilyl and propionyl derivatives. Further experiments with liver microsomes from rhesus monkeys showed that, in addition to these metabolites, northebaine was also formed from thebaine in the presence of NADPH. PMID- 7311156 TI - Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on tetrabenazine-induced depletion of brain monoamines in rats. 2. Dopamine. AB - We studied the effects of tricyclic antidepressants on the tetrabenazine (TB) induced depletion of brain dopamine (DA) using rats. The test drugs were generally administered orally 3 hours before sacrifice and 2 mg/kg of TB or reserpine (RES) was administered subcutaneously 2 hours before sacrifice. The TB induced DA depletion was enhanced by pretreatment with desmethylimipramine (DMI, 12.5-100 mg/kg), imipramine (12.5-100 mg/kg), chlorimipramine (25-100 mg/kg), amitriptyrine (100 mg/kg), maprotyrine (50 mg/kg) and chlorpromazine (5-20 mg/kg i.p.), while these drugs did not enhance RES-induced depletion. Observations to elucidate the action mechanism of antidepressant-induced enhancement were as follows. After TB administration, brain DA content was at the minimal level at 30 min after and on the way to recovery at 2 hours, but it approached the minimal level at 2 hours after RES administration. DMI pretreatment did not enhance the DA depletion at 0.5 hours after TB administration. In pargyline-pretreated rats, TB produced a decrease of brain DA with an increase of 3-methoxy-tyramine (3-MT), while RES showed only a slight effect on DA and 3-MT up to 2 hours. Amphetamine sulfate (10 mg/kg i.p.) slightly increased, while combinations with DMI decreased brain DA. These results suggest that tricyclic antidepressants inhibit DA reuptake from the synaptic cleft in vivo. PMID- 7311157 TI - Decrease in the lethal effect of isoproterenol in chronic hypocalcemic state but not in acute hypocalcemic state produced by parathyroidectomy in rats. PMID- 7311158 TI - A new biological bradykinin-like peptide in rat stomach. PMID- 7311159 TI - Induction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenases in female rats given various substituted phenols and hydroquinones. PMID- 7311160 TI - Norepinephrine detection in the anterior pituitary of microwave irradiated rats. PMID- 7311161 TI - Identification and quantitation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the retinae of cow, pig and chick by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. PMID- 7311162 TI - Effect of adenosine on the frequency-force relationship in the isolated dog atrium. PMID- 7311163 TI - Effect of theophylline on the release and contents of prostaglandins E and F in rat renal medulla. PMID- 7311164 TI - Actions of desoxynupharidine hydrochloride in the central nervous system of cats (II). AB - Effects of desoxynupharidine hydrochloride (DN) on the central nervous system of cats were studied using electric physiological techniques. With regard to the EEG arousal responses, DN (1-3 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited the responses induced by midbrain reticular formation and posterior hypothalamus (P-Hypo) stimulation. The threshold voltage of stimulation was elevated. DN decreases the amplitude of the augmenting response and the recruiting response induced by the stimulation of specific and non-specific pathways in the thalamus. As to the evoked potentials in the somatosensory area I, DN decreased the amplitude of the fast and late components. This compound slightly inhibited the monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, in the spinal cats. With regard to autonomic responses on stimulation of the P-Hypo, DN decreased contractions in the nictitating membrane, the hypertensive action and the galvanic skin response. Our findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of DN on the central nervous system may be related to the brainstem reticular formation and the hypothalamus activating system, the non specific pathway, the specific pathway and the limbic system etc., and may involve the central anti-adrenergic actions. PMID- 7311165 TI - Effects of penicillin on electrical activities of neurons in guinea-pig hippocampal slices. AB - Epileptogenic action of penicillin (PC) was investigated in thin slices prepared from the guinea-pig hippocampus. Bath-applied PC (1.7 mM) provoked an epileptiform activity. A series of cellular events before during and after application of PC were shown by stable intracellular recording from the same neuron. The effect of PC became progressively pronounced when the temperature of the medium was raised from 30 degrees C to 40 degrees C. PC-induced epileptiform activity showed odd time courses, i.e., recurrent reduction during perfusion of PC and abrupt reversion during washing. Increased potassium concentration in the medium increased the rate of occurrence of the spontaneous epileptiform activity induced by PC. Removal of chloride from the medium converted the PC-induced epileptiform activity to colonic relapsing discharges. In the laminar field potential analysis, 'sink' for the epileptiform activities induced by PC appeared at a broad region of the middle and distal portions of the apical dendrite, whereas 'sink' for potentials considered to reflect mainly synaptic events appeared at a relatively restricted region of the proximal and middle portions of the apical dendrite. Together with other observations, these results led to the conclusion that not only the synaptic but also the non-synaptic process is involved in initiation of the epileptiform activity. PMID- 7311166 TI - Neuropharmacological effect of methylmercury in mice with special reference to the central cholinergic system. AB - Effect of methylmercury chloride (MMC) on behavior was studied in male ICR-JCL mice. In order to clarify the causal relationship between the potent suppressing action of MMC on the central cholinergic system and toxic manifestations, behavioral changes induced by MMC were compared with those induced by the two reference drugs, hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and 3'-chloro-4-stilbazole (CS; a potent choline acetyltransferase inhibitor). When administered intraperitoneally, daily in a dose of 5 mg Hg/kg/day, MMC caused a decrease in spontaneous motor activity, rotarod dysfunction, and hypothermia before an abrupt loss in body weight and the appearance of overt signs. These behavioral changes were similar to some extent to those induced by HC-3 or CS. A single intracerebral injection of HC-3 (51 or 100 micrograms/kg) caused hypothermia and rotarod dysfunction over a period of 40 250 min. A single intraperitoneal administration of CS (100 or 200 mg/kg) induced a decrease in spontaneous motor activity, hypothermia, and rotarod dysfunction over a period of 1-5 hours after injection. These results suggest that the prior toxic behavioral changes caused by MMC may be related to suppression of the cholinergic system. PMID- 7311167 TI - Further investigations on potassium-induced automaticity of isolated human renal artery. AB - Experiments were designed to investigate generation of automaticity of isolated human renal arteries induced by administration of potassium in vitro. Helical strips of human renal arteries showed marked oscillations in the potassium induced contractions which persisted for 2 hr. Indomethacin and aspirin dose dependently inhibited these oscillations. Tranylcypromine and mepacrine also had an inhibitory action on the oscillations of the strips induced by potassium. In the strips which reached a steady state 2 hr after administration of potassium, phospholipase A2 and bradykinin produced marked oscillations. Our results indicate that human renal arteries can generate automaticity in the contractions induced by potassium, and that such automaticity may be related to the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. PMID- 7311168 TI - Effects of nicardipine on the cross-perfused canine atrium. AB - Effects of nicardipine, a newly synthesized dihydropyridine vasodilator exhibiting cyclic phosphodiesterase inhibitory properties, were studied in the isolated canine atrium which was cross-perfused with blood from a donor dog. When nicardipine (1.0-10 micrograms/kg) was administered intravenously to the donor dogs, the systemic blood pressure decreased and the heart rate did not significantly change. However, the contraction and beat rate of the isolated atrium were only slightly decreased. At larger doses (30-100 micrograms/kg, i.v.), the systemic blood pressure fell markedly and was usually accompanied by marked bradycardia, which was greater than that of the isolated atrium. Nicardipine injected into the sinus node artery of the isolated atrium caused dose-related negative chronotropic and inotropic effects which were less pronounced than those of verapamil. In contrast, papaverine increased right atrial rate and contractile force. Nicardipine similarly to verapamil and unlike manganese ion caused greater inhibition of the right atrial contraction at higher than lower pacing frequencies. From these results, it is concluded that nicardipine may produce predominantly cardiac depressant properties as a calcium antagonistic, and that such may not be related to phosphodiesterase inhibition in cardiac tissues. PMID- 7311169 TI - Effect of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane on amine oxidase activity in dog brain, liver and serum and in human placenta. AB - The effect of Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane on mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in dog brain and liver and in human placenta was studied and the results obtained were compared with results on dog serum amine oxidase. With benzylamine as substrate, Tris did not inhibit mitochondrial MAO activity in these preparations, whereas inhibited mitochondrial MAO activity in these preparations, whereas it inhibited amine oxidase activity in a serum preparation. However, with tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or beta-phenylethylamine as substrate, Tris inhibited MAO activity in all these preparations and its mode of inhibition was found to be non-competitive and reversible. The inhibition of Tris of MAO activity in these preparations was not due to decrease in the extent of extraction of aldehydes produced during the enzyme reaction. Moreover, increase in the oxygen tension did not change the extent of inhibition of MAO activity by Tris. From these results, it is concluded that with benzylamine as substrate, there is a remarkable difference in the effects of Tris on amine oxidase activity in mitochondrial and serum preparations. This difference in the inhibitions of mitochondria and serum is discussed. PMID- 7311170 TI - Thalamic generalized seizure induced by tungstic acid gel in cats and its suppression by anticonvulsants. AB - The experiments were performed electroencephalographically on gallamine immobilized cats with the thalamic foci induced by application of tungstic acid gel (gel). The gel (50 microliters) applied to n. centralis lateralis (CL) caused generalized seizure (GS) with high frequency components triggered by slow wave, and GS recurred with a regular interictal period. The application to n. centralis medialis or n. medialis dorsalis did not induce recurring GS, indicating the heterogeneity in the epileptogenesis of the thalamus. The GS induced by the gel application to the CL was of thalamic origin. Anticonvulsants used were found to prolong the interictal period of the GS, without modifying its duration. There was a difference between the drugs effective against grand mal and petit mal epilepsies in that the prolongation by the former drugs, diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, was more pronounced at low doses than that by the latter drugs, trimethadione and dipropylacetate. These results suggest that the gel-induced epileptic model with thalamic foci is useful for analyzing the pathophysiological process of epilepsy and for evaluating the drugs effective against grand mal epilepsy. PMID- 7311171 TI - Effect of pentazocine on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The effect of pentazocine, a non-narcotic analgesic, on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was examined in vitro and in vivo. To test the in vitro effect of pentazocine, Ehrlich tumor cells suspended in Hanks balanced salt solution (BSS, pH 7.4) supplemented with 2% bovine albumin were incubated with various concentrations of the drug (0.10-1.0 mM) at 37 degrees C for 120 min. After incubation, the tumor cells in BSS were inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank of mice (10(6) cells/mouse). All mice given the tumor cells incubated alone developed solid tumor. However, no tumor growth was observed in groups of mice given the tumor cells pretreated with 0.3 or 1.0 mM pentazocine. The in vivo effect of pentazocine was then examined against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Ehrlich tumor cells in BSS (2 x 10(6) cells/mouse) were given various doses of pentazocine (20-80 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally once a day for 5 successive days. The average survival time in a group of mice given the tumor cells alone was about 19 days, and the survival time was about 29 days in a group of animals treated with pentazocine in a dose of 80 mg/kg/day (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7311172 TI - Effects of adrenal demedullation and peripheral noradrenaline-depleting agents on adrenocortical function and spleen in rats. AB - Adrenocortical functions of adrenal-demedullated rats (ADMx rats) and peripherally chemical-sympathectomized ADMx rats were studied by examining changes in the levels of serum and adrenal corticosteroids (CS). Resting levels of serum and adrenal CS were not influenced by adrenal-demedullation and peripheral chemical-sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. Diurnal variation in serum CS concentration was also unchanged, suggesting that peripheral adrenergic systems do not influence the basal function of hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical axis. Exposure of ADMx rats to the stressful stimuli, however, resulted in lowered adrenocortical response with a lesser increase in serum CS concentration, while peripheral chemical-sympathectomy of ADMx rats with 6 hydroxydopamine or guanethidine caused a significant enhancement of adrenocortical response to the stress with elevation of the serum CS concentrations. These findings suggest that increased peripheral adrenergic activity may suppress the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system as the animals were exposed to the stressful stimuli. Adrenal demedullation produced no increase in spleen weight while chemical-sympathectomy by peripheral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine did produce a significant increase in the weight of this organ. Histological features following chemical sympathectomy are described. PMID- 7311173 TI - Effect of various diuretics on lipid peroxidation in rat renal cortical mitochondria and in the supernatant. AB - Effect of various diuretics of lipid peroxidation in rat kidney cortical mitochondria and in the supernatant (11,000 x g) was studied. Mersalyl (mercurial diuretic) markedly stimulated the lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and in the supernatant at a concentration of 1 mM, and metolazone (sulfonamide derivative, 1 mM) stimulated only that in the supernatant. Mersalyl-induced lipid peroxidation was markedly inhibited by several classical radical scavengers such as sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and N,N'-diphenyl-p phenylenediamine, but metolazone-induced lipid peroxidation was not inhibited by these scavengers. The addition of superoxide dismutase to the reaction mixture inhibited the mersalyl-induced lipid peroxidation, but did not inhibit the peroxidation by metolazone or ascorbate. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation by mersalyl is mediated by free radicals or superoxide anion, which were probably produced by mersalyl, and the mercurial diuretics-induced nephrotoxicity may be due to the lipid peroxidation in the kidney. PMID- 7311176 TI - Blood pressure response in rats to intracisternal administration of choline. PMID- 7311174 TI - Electrophysiological investigations on the mode of action of nefopam, a novel analgesic agent. AB - The mode of action of nefopam, a novel analgesic, on the splanchnic afferent pathway was investigated using electrophysiological methods. Nefopam (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) caused arousal patterns in spontaneous rabbit EEG. In intact cats, nefopam (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) suppressed the evoked potentials recorded from the posterior sigmoid gyrus of the cortex, N. ventralis posterolateralis and N. centralis medialis of the thalamus and the ventrolateral funiculus of the spinal cord following splanchnic nerve stimulation without inhibiting potentials in the thalamocortical pathways. These depressant effects were not antagonized by a narcotic antagonist, levallorphan (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.). The inhibitory effect of nefopam on the spinal potential evoked by splanchnic nerve stimulation was not observed in spinal cats (C1-C2 transection) and pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. These results suggest that nefopam may inhibit the splanchnic afferent pathways in the spinal cord by reinforcing descending inhibitory systems originating in the supra-spinal structure, in a manner which differs from that seen with morphine. PMID- 7311175 TI - Choleretic effect of Artemisia capillaris extract in rats. PMID- 7311178 TI - Effect of glycyrrhizin on hepatic lysosomal systems. PMID- 7311180 TI - [Modes of information processing underlying hemispheric functional differences (author's transl)]. AB - Functional hemispheric differences were investigated from the point of modes of information processing. The subject's task was to judge a set of stimulus letters same (all are identical) or different (one item differs from the rest). The set was consisted of letters of alphabet or Japanese character (Kana and Kanji), which number varied from two to five. The reaction time was recorded and plotted as a function of the number of letters in the set. When the task was name or upright matching of alphabet or Kana, RT was increased linearly for both hemispheres, suggesting serial processing. On the other hand, in the case of inverted matching of all stimuli and upright matching of Kanji, RT showed no increase as in parallel processing. PMID- 7311179 TI - Urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid and effect of some anti-inflammatory drugs in cotton pellet inflammation. PMID- 7311177 TI - Effects of betahistine on the binding of nicotine to nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 7311181 TI - [Effects of control on cardiovascular changes and coronary-prone behavior pattern (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of control on systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate. Variables included cold pressor and surgical film as uncontrollable stressors and reaction time to avoid aversive stimulation. Diastolic blood pressure was more elevated during cold pressor, while systolic elevations were not significantly differentiated between cold pressor and reaction time task. Heart rate was kept considerably lower during surgical film. The relationship between Type A and Type B behavior patterns and the stress condition was examined on cardiovascular measures. The results revealed no differences between Type A and Type B subjects. PMID- 7311182 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis--report of 227 cases. AB - In our series, long pancreaticojejunostomy appears to be the most effective treatment of chronic pancreatitis in the alcoholic, with 87% good to fair results, and with 90% good results in the non-alcoholic. The Whipple operation is the second most effective treatment for alcoholics with 45% good results, as opposed to 100% in non-alcoholics. Less than 40% good and fair results were achieved for alcoholics with 80-95% resection, sphincteroplasty, 40-80% resection, and total pancreatectomy. These operations were much more effective in non-alcoholics. The main differences between patients seen in Japan and in the United States seems to be a much lower incidence of alcohol-induced pancreatitis in the Japanese. Our findings in cases of congenital and non-alcoholic pancreatitis are similar to those reported in the case of chronic pancreatitis among Japanese, except that biliary trace procedures such as sphincteroplasty seem to have been more effective for the Japanese patients. PMID- 7311184 TI - An evaluation of mass screening for breast cancer. AB - In Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, 41,922 women (26,669 in actual number) were subjected to mass screening with physical examination from 1970-1977. In 42 including 10 of so-called "interval cancer", breast cancer was detected. Those with breast cancer detected by mass screening were in the earlier stage of the disease as compared to those diagnosed through regular medical care at our patient clinic during the same period. Procedures such as inspection and palpation are readily carried out and early occurrences of breast cancer can be detected. PMID- 7311183 TI - Results following surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism. AB - In the years 1965-1978 1,222 patients with different types of thyrotoxicosis underwent surgical treatment at the 1st Department of Surgery, University of Vienna. Wherever possible a sparing selective surgical approach was considered preferable: autonomous adenoma (45%) enucleation resection or subtotal uni lateral resection; multinodular toxic goiter (36%) and Graves disease (5%) uni- or bilateral subtotal resection. The remaining 5% were rather rare types of goiter (recurrent goiter, thyroiditis, adenocarcinoma). Overall mortality due was 0.7%. One-hundred and seven patients (8.76%) were over 70 years old at the time of the operation. Post-operative death occurred in the group of patients with toxic adenomas (2.7%). Four-hundred and ninety-five patients were followed up from 3-13 years postoperatively: the rate of recurrent thyrotoxicosis was 4.4%, 4.8% of the patients with hypothyroidism. In this paper the significance of the rapid effect of surgery in cases of hyperthyroidism is discussed and the results are compared with findings in other studies. PMID- 7311186 TI - The usefulness and limitations of CEA assay in the management of colorectal cancer. AB - We investigated the usefulness and limitations of the measurement of CEA in the evaluation of tumor resection and the detection of recurrence in colorectal cancer patients. Preoperatively, 46 of 90 patients (51.1%) had CEA values of 5.0 ng/ml or higher. The percentage of patients with elevated CEA in whom the CEA values returned to normal one month postoperatively was significantly higher in those who had undergone a curative resection than in those who had undergone a non-curative resection (p less than 0.02). Among patients with normal CEA values, the changes were nil or only slight in CEA values, one month postoperatively. Among 28 with recurrences, 24 (85.7%) had CEA values of 5.0 ng/ml or higher. All 11 with liver recurrences had values of 10.0 ng/ml or higher. In 4 with liver recurrences and in cases where CEA measurements were made, CEA values were found to be abnormal 3 to 10 months before the recurrences and a rapid elevation occurred for a short period. However, 4 out of 10 with local or lymphnode recurrences showed normal CEA values. CEA measurement was useful in detection of liver recurrences, but not so useful in detecting local or lymphnode recurrences. PMID- 7311185 TI - Further investigations of immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colorectal cancer patients--with particular emphasis on the correlation between immunoreactive CEA levels in tissue, feces and blood. AB - Immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigen (IR-CEA) levels in colorectal cancer and mucosal tissues, feces and blood were measured in 14 colorectal cancer patients to study the correlation. IR-CEA levels in colorectal cancer tissues were about 30 times higher than those in colonic mucosal tissues. The correlation coefficient between IR-CEA levels in the tumor tissue and serum was 0.654 (p less than 0.02). We assumed that the total tumor IR-CEA levels were the product of the tumor IR-CEA level, by the estimated tumor weight. The correlation coefficient between the serum IR-CEA level and total tumor IR-CEA level was 0.750 (p less than 0.001). When the patients were divided into two groups with more and less a total tumor IR-CEA level of 65,000 ng, respectively, the statistical difference in serum IR-CEA levels was p less than 0.001. The differences in fecal IR-CEA levels between these two groups, however, are statistically insignificant (p less than 0.3). We assumed that there was a positive correlation between the IR-CEA levels in blood and tumor from the consideration that circulating IR-CEA originates from the metabolic imbalance of its production in colorectal cancer tissues over its degradation in the liver. Moreover, it is essential to consider that the fecal IR-CEA levels may be influenced by the following three factors: the intraluminal direct release of CEA from tumor, no degradation process of CEA in the gut lumen, and the intraluminal transport rate of colonic contents. PMID- 7311187 TI - A case report of venous aneurysm of the neck vein. AB - We treated a 37 year old woman with venous aneurysm along left side of the neck. In the beginning, she was asymptomatic and with increase in size of the venous aneurysm she experienced severe pain. Pathohistological examinations revealed a destructive change of the venous wall and thrombosis. Therefore, in cases of venous aneurysm along the neck, such aneurysm should probably be treated surgically to prevent the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7311188 TI - Report of a case of precancerous primary duodenal polyp and a review of the related literature. AB - A 62-year-old woman with a precancerous duodenal polyp in the suprapapillary region of the second portion of the duodenum was surgically treated by pancreato duodenectomy. The postoperative course and follow-up was uneventful. A statistical analysis of primary duodenal tumor cases (excluding tumors of the duodenal papilla) reported in Japan during the period from 1962 to 1977 was also reported. PMID- 7311189 TI - Malignant duodenocolic fistula--a case report. AB - A 63 year-old woman with a malignant duodenocolic fistula of colonic origin was so diagnosed following radiological examination. She had symptoms of feculant vomitus, persistent diarrhea and emaciation. Following preoperative treatment of the nutritional and electrolyte disorders with intravenous hyperalimentation, a one-staged right hemicolectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed successfully. We emphasized that an en-bloc removal of all the possibly involved structures is the most successful procedure for malignant duodenocolic fistula of colonic origin. PMID- 7311190 TI - Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus--a case report. AB - We report a case of true esophageal carcinosarcoma, in which well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and spindle-shaped cell sarcoma were intermingled in the primary and metastatic lesions. PMID- 7311191 TI - Experimental studies on the treatment of nonresectable liver cancer. AB - In cases of metastatic cancer of the liver in rats, the effect of ligation of the hepatic artery (HAL) or portal vein (PVL) with or without intraportal chemotherapy with Mitomycin C (MMC) was studied in Experiment I. HAL or PVL alone and chemotherapy alone induced only a slight anti-cancer effect. The most striking effect was found in the group treated with HAL plus MMC. PVL plus MMC produced intermediate results. To evaluate which route, via the hepatic artery or portal vein, is more effective for the adjuvant chemotherapy after HAL, Experiment II was conducted on the rats with a minute and/or a rather advanced metastatic cancer of the liver. Chemotherapy with MMC by either route alone and HAL alone did not substantially prolong the survival time, irrespective of the tumor size. HAL plus chemotherapy via both routes produced a statistically longer survival time compared with the control, however, better results were obtained by intraarterial chemotherapy. When compared with the two groups treated by the same procedures but at the different times, the earlier treatments produced better results. In the light of the present studies, it can be concluded that if cytocidal drugs with dose independent effects are given in a single bolus, HAL in connection with intra-arterial chemotherapy is a beneficial modality for the treatment of nonresectable liver cancer. PMID- 7311192 TI - Extented esophago-gastretomy as surgical treatment for carcinoma of the cardia. AB - With the object of designing a feasible and more radical surgical intervention for the treatment of carcinoma of the gastric cardia and improving the long term survival of these patients, a procedure was described which entails total esophagogastrectomy and resection of the distal pancreas, spleen and regional lymphnodes. The esophagus was mobilized via the diaphragmatic hiatus without thoracotomy. Intestinal continuity, installed isoperistaltically was restituted in the same operation using a segment of transverse and descending colon transferred to the left lateral cervical aspect by way of the posterior mediastinum. The procedure was used in four patients and mortality and serious complications were nil. PMID- 7311193 TI - Comparative studies on cytological and histological evaluations of disseminating peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer. AB - Macroscopic disseminating peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (P) was investigated in relation to its compatibility with microscopic findings (p) in 52 (P1 19, P2 21, P3 12) cases among 240 gastrectomized cases by cytological, histological, clinical and postmortem findings. In total, numbers of the evaluations for yes (P is p), probable (P is probably p), possible (P is possibly p), probably not (P is probably not p) and no (P is not p) were 28 (53.8%), 8 (15.4%), 14 (26.9%), 2 (3.8%) and 0, respectively, These results indicate that macroscopic disseminating peritoneal metastasis is compatible with microscopic findings, in most cases. Although histology is the most contributory factor for the evaluation of peritoneal dissemination, cytology of lavaged saline from the Douglas pouch also is important. PMID- 7311194 TI - Significance of pelvic retroperitoneal pneumography in the assessment of extramural invasion of rectal carcinoma. AB - Pelvic retroperitoneal pneumography (PRP) and barium enema were performed simultaneously in 34 patients with rectal carcinoma in an attempt to assess whether there was extramural cancer invasion. In 9 patients, no free air was visualized in the retroperitoneal cavity surrounding the mass, and histological evaluation of the excised specimens showed extramural invasion in all 9. The mean maximum diameter was 4.1 cm. In 25 patients, free air was seen around the mass, and 10 had tumors limited to the rectal wall, the remaining 15 manifested extramural invasion, however, the mean diameter was small (2.0 cm). In a mass whose center was located along the anterior rectal wall, it was difficult to assess from the free air findings whether there was extramural invasion. Based on the present findings, we concluded that PRP is useful in determining preoperatively whether there is extramural invasion in cases with rectal carcinoma involving the posterior and lateral walls. PMID- 7311195 TI - Sensitivity of anticancer agents of human gastric cancers transplanted into nude mice. AB - In the chemotherapy for gastric cancer, the most sensitive anticancer agent against individual tumors should be prescribed. The establishment of a sensitivity test using nude mice as an in vivo model is urgently awaited by clinicians and researchers alike. Seventy-three tumors derived from human gastric cancer were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice and these mice were then treated intraperitoneally with anticancer agents. Mitomycin C (MMC), 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and cyclophosphamide (CPM) were used. The doses given were 3 mg/kg of MMC, 75 mg/kg of 5-FU and 200 mg/kg of CPM. IN 52 of the 73 cancers, chemosensitivity was evaluated by the microscopic changes in the tumors. The rate of positive sensitivity against gastric cancer was 42.2% in MMC, 34.6% in 5-FU and 30.8% in CPM, respectively. The sensitivity of each agent tested by this method indicated a good correlation with the clinical therapeutic effects. Our results suggest the feasibility of evaluation of the sensitivity of various agents from the microscopic changes on tumors transplanted into nude mice. PMID- 7311196 TI - Effects of hypothermia on energy metabolism of metabolically loaded liver. AB - The effects of hypothermia on adenine nucleotide level, mitochondrial metabolism and redox state of the remnant liver were studied in 25, 50, 70 and 93% hepatectomized rabbits. In 25% of the hepatectomized rabbits, energy charge levels and mitochondrial phosphorylative activities remained unchanged, while in 50 and 70% hepatectomized rabbits, the energy charge levels decreased maximally at 24 hours after hepatectomy with a concomitant rise of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity. In 93% hepatectomized rabbits, the energy charge levels decreased rapidly without enhancement in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity and these rabbits died within 12 hours after hepatectomy. Body cooling significantly increased the energy charge of the remnant liver with further enhancement in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity in 25, 50 and 70% hepatectomized rabbits, but did not increase the energy charge in 93% hepatectomized rabbits. On the other hand, during body rewarming, the energy charge levels of the remnant liver decreased. More than 60% of 70% hepatectomized rabbits died during body rewarming, while all of 50% or less hepatectomized rabbits remained alive. Thus, body cooling may provide remarkable protection for the remnant liver from an energy crisis under the condition that compensatory mitochondrial enhancements are present. PMID- 7311197 TI - Processess of revascularization between the jejunal submucosal vessel and implanted epiploic vascular pedicle. AB - Revascularization between the proper submucosal vessels of the jejunum and the epiploic vessels implanted in the submucosal layer of the jejunum was experimentally studied by a panoramic montage technique of micro-angiograms in dogs. A vascular network was found between the implanted epiploic vessel and the submucosal vessels of the jejunum two weeks after the operation and the anastomosis was completed six weeks after the operation. The communicating blood vessels transformed themselves into a "fork" shape. PMID- 7311198 TI - Treatment of splenic artery aneurysm after distal splenorenal shunt. A case report. AB - A patient with splenic artery aneurysm which developed after creation of selective distal spleno-renal shunt for hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension was presented. Three months after operation, an aneurysm of the splenic artery with a diameter of about 20 mm was detected. This aneurysm reached 4 cm three months later, and a resection was carried out. An arterial continuity was established by means of end-to-end anastomosis of the sectioned arterial ends. Because the flow through the splenic artery was about 60% of the total flow of the selective distal spleno-renal shunt, it is important to maintain continuity in order to avoid thrombosis of the shunt. PMID- 7311199 TI - Liposarcoma of the breast, review of the literature and a report of a case. AB - A case of gigantic liposarcoma of the breast in a 52-year-old woman was reported. She had a small indolent mass in the left breast for twenty years. The mass grew rapidly from the summer of 1979 and became gigantic and penetrated the skin over the mass. Her general condition on admission was poor but resection of the tumor was carried out. She suddenly died of cardiac failure with electrolytes imbalance 13 days after the operation. The diagnoses of liposarcoma, predominantly myxoid, was made on the basis of light and electron microscopic findings. Forty cases of liposarcoma of the breast were collected from the literature. The possibility of malignant transformation of a benign tumor was suggested. PMID- 7311200 TI - Positioning of simultaneous intracardiac repair and/or ascending aorta and descending aorta surgery. AB - A convenient positioning for simultaneous intracardiac repair and/or ascending and descending aorta surgery is presented. A Rastelli operation for pseudotruncus is described step by step as an example. PMID- 7311202 TI - [Acute respiratory failure associated with miliary tuberculosis or tuberculous pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311201 TI - Vascular access for intra-arterial chemotherapy for nonresectable hepatic tumor. PMID- 7311203 TI - [Relationship between ventilatory change of the inferior vena cava and central venous pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311204 TI - [The mechanism of phases III and IV in a single breath nitrogen washout studied from the regional distribution of inspired gas into the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311205 TI - [Newly recognized primary sensitizers, methyl heptine carbonate and costus root oil to evaluate cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity on various chest diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311206 TI - [Morphological studies on mediastinal teratoid tumors transplanted in nude mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311207 TI - [A case of empyema due to Actinomyces israelii (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311208 TI - [A case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311209 TI - [Course and prognosis in emphysema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311210 TI - [Studies on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of diffuse interstitial lung disease (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311212 TI - [Transdermal pleural biopsy in the patients with pleural effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311211 TI - [Effect of acute hemorrhagic shock on pulmonary vascular permeability in anesthetized dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311213 TI - [A case polymyositis preceded by interstitial pneumonia--proved by open lung biopsy and serial muscle biopsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311214 TI - [A case of bronchial foreign body (bullet) which required left upper lobectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311215 TI - [Significance of left atrial pressure as a postoperative hemodynamic index after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311216 TI - [Surgical correction of congenital heart disease over 40 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311217 TI - [A successful surgical treatment of adult patent ductus arteriosus with aortic, mitral, pulmonary and tricuspid regurgitation due to bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311219 TI - [Report of a case of myocardial squeezing successfully treated by simple myotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311220 TI - [Resection of lung cancer involving the heart and great vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311218 TI - [Intraoperative myocardial protection in aortic valve replacement - comparative study between topical cooling and cold potassium cardioplegia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311221 TI - [Fluosol-DA in extracorporeal circulation - an experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311222 TI - [The use of packed red cells during extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311223 TI - [Treatment of two cases of mediastinal lymphangioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311224 TI - [Intraoperative autotransfusion in open heart surgery with simple deep hypothermia - a clinical assessment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311225 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot associated with dextrocardia transformation from VSD, PH in infancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311227 TI - [A report of surgical correction of recurrent aortopulmonary window (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311228 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Surgery, Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Cancer, Tohoku University. 2. Case of pulmonary cystoma with diagnostic difficulty]. PMID- 7311226 TI - [A surgical case of coronary sinus ASD (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311229 TI - [Clinical study of intra-aortic balloon pumping in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311230 TI - [Application of IABP and its evaluation in cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311231 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic effects of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) for high risk coronary surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311232 TI - [Efficacy and limitation of IABP for severe pump failure following acute myocardial infarction or cardiac operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311233 TI - [Colloid osmotic pressure as a indicator of employing IABP and its prognostic indicator in patients of LOS after cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311234 TI - [Intraaortic balloon pumping-indication and weaning criteria on the basis of the changes in the arterial lactate levels and myocardial lactate metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311235 TI - [An experimental study of the efficacy of intrapulmonary balloon pumping (IPBP) for acute right heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311236 TI - [Clinical study of assisted circulation following cardiopulmonary bypass - veno arterial bypass combined with intra-aortic balloon pumping (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311238 TI - [Clinical evaluation on pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311237 TI - [Prolonged V-A bypass for cardiogenic shock after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311240 TI - [A new look at left atrial-to-aortic bypass for left heart assist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311239 TI - [The effects of pulsatile perfusion on canine myocardial hemodynamics and metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311241 TI - [Clinical conference at the 2nd Department of Surgery, Okayama University. 1. Transposition of great vessels associated with VSD and PS]. PMID- 7311242 TI - [Clinical results of the intra-aortic balloon pumping after cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311243 TI - [Predictors influencing on the decision and optimal timing of operation for valvular heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311245 TI - [Catamenial pneumothorax -- a case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311244 TI - [Frozen section diagnosis of obstructive pulmonary vascular disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311246 TI - [Cause of left ventricular rupture associated with mitral valve replacement, and prophylactic means against it (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311247 TI - [Prosthetic valve implantation without removal of mitral apparatus, report of a case with mitral regurgitation in Marfan's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311248 TI - [The influence of respiratory care to the cardiac function - especially in the aspect of tissue O2 tension of respiratory muscle and myocardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311250 TI - [A case report of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311249 TI - [Valve replacement in childhood - follow-up results and complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311251 TI - [A case of surgical treatment of congenital mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311252 TI - [Single ventricle - report of a successful corrective surgery in a one year old boy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311253 TI - [A case report on patch-closure of intimal tear for progressive dissecting aneurysm of DeBakey IIIb type (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311254 TI - [Follow-up study on successful anatomical total correction for transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311255 TI - [Clinical conference at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kansai Medical University. 1. Case of tetralogy of Fallot with Brock's operation performed 16 years ago (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311256 TI - Fever, shock and chills in gram-negative bacillemia: clinical correlations in 100 cases. AB - Patterns of fever, shock, and chills in 100 episodes of febrile, Gram-negative bacillemia were retrospectively analyzed to determine features predictive of the site of infection, organism, and prognosis. Pneumonias most often produced morning temperature rises, whereas infections in other sites were usually associated with an afternoon or evening peak. Peritonitis (usually due to Bacteroides fragilis) tended to cause an indolent temperature rise (over a day or more), whereas pyelonephritis and cholangitis typically produced an abrupt "spike." Relatively low fevers characterized Enterobacter pneumonias while very high fevers were noted in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with leukemia. Chills occurred with unusually high frequency in cholangitis and in Klebsiella bacteremia. Patients going into shock had higher fevers than those who did not. More importantly, the development of shock was shown to be related to severity of underlying disease. Shock never developed if the disease was not serious, unless the bacteremia was caused by instrumentation, but occurred in 73% of patients with leukemia or lymphoma. The clinical setting, pattern of fever, and presence or absence of a chill can in many cases usefully guide diagnosis and therapy in patients with Gram-negative bacillemia. PMID- 7311257 TI - On the heritability of rickets, a common disease (Mendel, mammals and phosphate). PMID- 7311258 TI - Minoxidil. PMID- 7311259 TI - The use of computed tomography in psychiatry: recent applications to schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness and dementia syndromes. PMID- 7311260 TI - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Presbycardia. PMID- 7311261 TI - Renovascular hypertension: results of medical and surgical therapy. AB - Results of medical and surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension were compared retrospectively in 28 patients. Renal function remained normal throughout the study in all patients. After six months of follow-up, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the 15 patients treated surgically than in the 13 patients treated medically. At 12 months however, a significant difference could be demonstrated only for systolic blood pressure and at 24 and 36 months, no difference in systolic or diastolic pressure could be demonstrated between the two groups. This failure to find a significant difference between surgical and medical therapy resulted from return of hypertension among the patients in the surgical group with arteriosclerotic renovascular hypertension; 6 of 7 patients with fibromuscular dysplasia as the etiology of the renovascular hypertension were cured by surgery and none of these relapsed during follow-up. All patients with arteriosclerotic renovascular disease who were operated upon required medication for the control of their blood pressure within 12 months after operation. The findings in this retrospective study emphasize the importance of prolonged follow-up when assessing the value of different therapies in renovascular hypertension and provide evidence indicating that medical management is acceptable and appropriate, particularly for high risk patients. The results also force recognition of the need for a randomized prospective trial of medical and surgical therapy in arteriosclerotic renovascular hypertension. PMID- 7311262 TI - Kawasaki disease associated with serologic evidence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. PMID- 7311263 TI - Holistic medicine--a view from the fence. PMID- 7311265 TI - [Host lipids in tuberculous infection. IV. Supplementary problems and a summary (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311264 TI - Human neurophysins during pregnancy, puerperium and menstrual cycles. PMID- 7311266 TI - [Comparison of MacConkey's agar medium and hydroxylamine medium for differentiation of Mycobacterium fortuitum complex from other rapidly growing mycobacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311267 TI - [Immunological study on the background factors of intractable pulmonary tuberculosis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311268 TI - [Cybernetic analysis of the heart rhythm in the measured physical loading test with crew members of the Saliut-6 orbital station]. AB - The authors report on the study of the members of four lengthy expeditions on the orbital station "Saliut-6" in the exercise test with the bicycle ergometer at the station. The cybernetic analysis of the cardiac rhythm during its adaptation to weightlessness shows the definite changes of the controlling systems of the body. It is shown that the "cost" od adaptation to exercise is determined by the results of the cybernetic analysis of the cardiac rhythm. PMID- 7311269 TI - [Use of the intra-aortic balloon pump in treating severe cardiac contusions (an experimental study)]. AB - In experiments on 20 dogs the authors studied haemodynamics and the myocardial contractility after severe contusion of the heart treated by counterpulsation with intraaortic balloon pump. The heart contusion leads rapidly to a marked decrease in the contractile function of the myocardium and to the development of the hypodynamic syndrome. If untreated, the trauma leads to ventricular fibrillation and death of animals 1-1 1/2 h after contusion. Counterpulsation started 30-45 min after trauma and lasting 1 1/2-2 1/2 h prevented ventricular fibrillation and improved the myocardial function. PMID- 7311270 TI - [Characteristics of the structural state of the erythrocyte membrane in rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension]. AB - The structure of the surface and internal hydrophobic areas of the erythrocyte membranes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was studied by means of fluorescent probes. The dependences on temperature of the fluorescence intensities of 1-aniline-naphthalene-8-sulfonate and N-phenyl-1-naphthylanine as well as the fluorescence spectra of pyrene and NN fluorescence polarization anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene wee analysed. It was found that the structure of the SHR erythrocyte membranes is altered. This alteration was interpreted as increasing of the membrane microviscosity at the areas of lipid -- protein contacts. PMID- 7311271 TI - [Mitral restenosis and its surgical treatment]. AB - The study of late results (from 1 to 16 years) of mitral commissurotomy in 1254 patients showed that restenosis supervened in 11% of cases, and among children and youths below 18 in 19.4%. Immediate results of mitral recommissurotomy were analysed in 747 patients operated on by the "close" method. Complications during the operation were seen in 13.8% of patients, and after operation in 23.1% of cases. The main reasons of lethal outcomes were haemorrhage and cerebral thromboembolism. Low operation mortality and considerable improvement in the majority of cases enable us to consider the "close" operation as the main method to treat mitral restenosis. Calcinosis, gross fibrosis of the valve and marked mitral regurgitation require valve prosthesis. PMID- 7311272 TI - [Results of the lst 100 open-heart operations for mitral valve annuloplasty]. AB - The paper describes the results of 100 annuloplastic operations for the mitral valve with the aid of support rings of varying constructions. Hospital mortality rate was 10%, late mortality rate 4.6%. Five-year survival was 85.5%. In 87.1% of patients the result was good or satisfactory. Unsatisfactory results are due to the initial state of the valve (gross fibrosis, subvalvular adhesions, calcinosis), exacerbation of rheumatic carditis, septic endocarditis. Six patients with unsatisfactory results were reoperated. In 5 the valve was replaced by artificial prosthesis, in one case additional sutures were placed on the fixing ring. PMID- 7311273 TI - [Surgical treatment of mitral valve insufficiency]. AB - The paper reports on 127 operations on the open heart for mitral incompetence, including 112 prostheses and 15 annuloplasties on the support ring. After operation 28 (22.0%) patients died. Among the operated on patients with stage II A circulatory insufficiency mortality was 9.3%, in those with stage II-B it was 28.5%. Mortality with mitral valve prosthesis was 24.1%, with annuloplasties 6.7%. The use of hypothermia and pharmaceutical agents for myocardium protection permitted the mortality decrease to 12.1%. The ten-year survival among patients subjected to prosthesis for mitral incompetence was 54.6%, the mortality in patients with stage II-A circulatory insufficiency was 75.4%, and in those with stage II-B it was 40%. The operations for mitral incompetence must be undertaken before the degenerative changes in the myocardium and other organs develop. In mitral competence prosthesis is indicated only in cases where the valve sparing operation is impossible. PMID- 7311274 TI - [Effect of the preoperative status indices on the late results of aortic valve prosthesis]. AB - The authors studied late results of replacement of the aortic valve by a ball prosthesis in 292 patients up to 11 years. Good results were obtained in 82.2% of the patients, satisfactory in 7.4%, unsatisfactory in 3%; 7.4% of patients died during late periods. The factors that deteriorate the late results of aortic valve prosthesis are the duration of subjective symptomatics over 5 years before the operation, the presence of the right ventricular decompensation, cardiomegaly, high end diastolic pressure in the left ventricle, neglected stage of the disease. These data are confirmed by the analysis of actual curves of survival and stability of the good late results of the operation. PMID- 7311276 TI - [Assessment of myocardial contractile function in the ventricles in acquired heart defects with planned surgical treatment]. AB - The paper analyzes haemodynamic and myocardial parameters in 200 patients with rheumatic heart diseases (mitral and aortic) obtained during catheterization of cardiac cavities and angiocardiography. A relationship of certain haemodynamic parameters with contractility disorders in the left ventricle myocardium has been established. The analysis of all the myocardial and haemodynamic changes can characterize the degree of disorders in the contractility of the myocardium. Disorders in the contractility of the left ventricle myocardium were considered as marked, with the contractility index of the left ventricle myocardium less than 850 relative units, the end diastolic pressure of 15 mm Hg and over and the ejection phase below 55%. The determination of haemodynamic and myocardial parameters and clinical data are of great importance in the evaluation of indications and contra-indications for surgical treatment of patients with valvular defects of the heart. PMID- 7311275 TI - [Rehabilitation problems with heart valve prosthesis patients]. AB - A vast experience of over 1500 patients with prostheses of the heart valves is being summarized. A method of physical and psychological rehabilitation of these patients is described and data are given proving the efficacy of such measures: increased physical endurance in work by 92%, decrease of psychic disorders by 41.5%. The efficacy of the sanatorium stage of post-operative treatment is shown. Not infrequently the degree of invalidity of patients with cardiac valve prostheses is exaggerated, it is stressed that the use of exercise tests by the rehabilitation commission is essential. PMID- 7311277 TI - [Quantitative determination of blood regurgitation via the mitral valve]. AB - A method of quantitative determination of blood regurgitation through the mitral valve is considered. Verification experiment on 5 animals with the determination of correlation coefficient of true and predicted regurgitation has shown it to be 0.855 on the average. Besides, observations were undertaken on 621 patient with varying pathology of the heart. A quantitative characteristics of blood regurgitation in patients with mitral defects is given. The method can be used not only under operation conditions, but also in catheterization of the cardiac cavities without administering of an opaque substance. PMID- 7311278 TI - [Variants in the course of the postoperative period of heart defect patients depending on myocardial ultrastructure and the contractile state]. PMID- 7311279 TI - [Effect of paired stimulation on the electrical and mechanical activity of myocardial cells in congenital and acquired heart defects]. AB - Thin myocardial strips were dissected from the papillary muscles of patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (group I) and atrial tissue of patients undergoing the correction of congenital septal defects (group II) and mitral stenosis (group III). Electrical activity and isometric tension were measured. Paired stimulation (PS) with time intervals of 250-350 ms and 380-440 ms activated two action potentials (AP) for each potentiated contraction (80 and 70% of force increase, respectively) in bundles of groups I and III. Strips of group III had depressed level of resting potential (RP) and different types of AP including AP with additional spike activity in the plateau phase. The inotropic effect of PS depends on the level of the resting potential. If RP was more than 45 mv PS activated two AP or one doubled AP for each potentiated contraction (80 120% of force increase). If RP was less than 35 mv PS was not able to initiate doubled AP and to initiate the increase of contractility. Epinephrine (10(-6) g/ml) increased the depressed RP and AP in group III bundles and potentiated the inotropic effect of PS in groups I and III. Verapamil (2 X 10(-6) g/ml) inactivated the doubled AP and abolished the inotropic effect of PS in group III strips. It is supposed that additional inflow of Ca during excitation produces the inotropic effect of paired stimulation in human myocardium. PMID- 7311282 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse: central and pulmonary hemodynamics and general and regional left ventricular contractility according to angiocardiographic data]. PMID- 7311281 TI - [Noninvasive diagnosis of mitral insufficiency due to chordal rupture]. AB - The paper describes the main signs of the rupture of chordae tendineae as a cause of mitral incompetence. The main place is given to the echocardiographic signs of this syndrome. The rupture of chordae tendineae is characterized by a certain combination of symptoms including the etiological factors of rupture, the clinical picture of cardiac insufficiency, a tendency to atrial fibrillation, auscultative picture of papillochordal insufficiency and the typical echocardiographic signs of this condition. PMID- 7311280 TI - [Nature of the heart rhythm, size of the left atrium and cardiac volume in aortic stenosis]. AB - Examination of 32 patients with aortic stenosis permitted the author to establish quantitative relationships between the dimensions of the left atrium and the continuous form of atrial fibrillation, between the dimensions of the left atrium, the heart volume and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation develops in aortic stenosis in the terminal stage of the disease. Quantitative relationships between the dimensions of the left atrium and continuous atrial fibrillation are similar to those in mitral incomperence which is evidence by the similarity of hemodynamic disorders in the left atrium in mitralism during aortic stenosis and mitral insufficiency. PMID- 7311285 TI - [Method of conducting a staged rehabilitation of patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. AB - Stage rehabilitation with the use of special centres is a combination of physical culture, physiotherapeutic, psychological and medicinal effects. The patients is early passed, contraindications excepted, with an average hospital treatment of 22 days with bicycle ergometry examinations at dismissal. A whole round method of assessment of the patients condition during rehabilitation is being used. Results achieved are reinforced during out-patient examination of all patients who had had myocardial infarction in a cardiological centre. PMID- 7311284 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse study in families]. AB - A study of 82 cases with the prolapse of the mitral valve (PMV) and 169 of their first degree relatives has shown that PMV can be a symptom of a number of hereditary diseases, in the first place of the diseases of the connective tissue. Intrafamilial variations of cardiac changes have been recorded. It is established that the idiopathic PMV is aetiologically variable, which makes it difficult to evaluate the type of heredity of PMV as a whole. PMID- 7311283 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of the mitral valve cusp flotation syndrome]. AB - The flotation of the mitral cusps is one of the forms of non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation due to disorders in the chordal fixation of the cusps. The authors have examined 26 patients with echocardiographic signs of flotation of the anterior or posterior mitral cusps. In 21 patients there was flotation of the posterior cusp and 5 had flotation of both the cusps. The comparative diagnostic value of separate echocardiographic signs of flotation of the anterior and posterior cusps of the mitral valve is discussed. It is stressed that echocardiography is a valuable method of investigation. PMID- 7311286 TI - [Comparison of the behavior characteristics of men smokers and nonsmokers]. AB - The authors studied the relationship of smoking with the behavioristic and psychological parameters in men aged 40-59, 3713 inhabitants in Kaunas who participated in the program of multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease. The comparison of groups of men who had never smoked, of those who gave up the habit and the smoking group showed that the smokers had a lower intellectual level and exhibit a negativistic attitude toward medicine and the preventive measures. It is difficult to convince the smokers to come for the health check-ups (p less than 0.0001) as compared to the other groups. Individuals who gave up smoking show themselves to be more cooperative, however their anamnestic data as to health are worse than in the other two groups. PMID- 7311287 TI - [Clinical variants of the recovery period in myocardial infarct and their importance in patient rehabilitation]. AB - During one year 279 patients were observed after myocardial infarction while working. Four clinical variants during the restorative period with concrete symptomatics have been isolated: the congestive cardiac insufficiency, angina pectoris, neurotic and with few symptoms. These symptoms can serve to differentiate selection of treatment and also to help the physician in selecting rehabilitation and to offer opinion as to prognosis. PMID- 7311288 TI - [Age-related changes in the cholin- and adrenergic innervation of the human heart]. AB - The hearts of 35 patients of different age have been studied. The cholinergic innervation reaches full differentiation by the age of 30, its involution begins after 50. The adrenergic innervation is most manifest in children, its involution begins from 30. After 60 the nervous plexuses of the heart are fully devoid of catecholamines. The sensitivity of the myocardium to adrenalin at different age levels is roughly the same. PMID- 7311289 TI - [Dynamics of a necrotic focus development based on data from determining the activity of the MB CPK fraction and from precardiac mapping]. AB - In the 26 patients dead during the acute (necrotic) period of the disease comparisons in the changes of activity of MB CPK and the data of the precardial charting with the results of the histological analysis of the hearts is made. The histological analysis served to assess the date of the necrosis in different areas of the heart. It is established that the repeated rises of activity of MB CPK and the increase in the number of the complexes QS are determined by the development of new foci of necrosis. PMID- 7311290 TI - [Current problems of controlling arterial hypertension]. AB - A representative selection of the inhabitants of Kaunas has shown that the referral of the population to the medical institutions for detection of hypertension is being insufficiently used. The results of the experiment with arterial pressure measurements in all the people coming to the polyclinic speak in favor of the arterial pressure taking: half of them did not know that they had hypertension. Among people under 60 not attending the polyclinic arterial hypertension was found just as frequently as among those who attended the polyclinic. PMID- 7311291 TI - [Correlation of the central and peripheral hemodynamic components in the mechanism of hypertension under emotional stress]. AB - Tetrapolar chest rheography was used to study the blood circulation in healthy males and in patients with hypertensive disease of the I-II stage during mental activity and under conditions of emotional stress; 15 patients were given 40 mg anapriline 80-90 min before the examination. A progressing increase in the peripheral resistance was characteristic for all the patients with hypertensive disease in the rehabilitation period after emotional stress. Hemodynamic reaction to the emotional stress in the presence of beta-receptor block is characterized by an intensive growth of the peripheral resistance. Beta-blockers inhibit and shorten the hypertensive reaction during the rehabilitation period. PMID- 7311293 TI - [Significance of a differentially amplified ECG in the diagnosis of paroxysmal tachycardias]. AB - For differentiation of tachycardias the authors offer a method of recording the curves of differentially increased spike potentials (DISP) of atriae from the surface of the chest wall, based on the recording of the electrical activity of the atriae in the shape of a high amplitude atrial spike complex. The DISP curves have been recorded in 36 patients with tachycardias, in whom by usual ECG it was difficult to determine the tachycardia type, in some cases it was impossible, for instance in confluence of the P wave with the QRS complex or the T wave. The typical and constant form of the atrial spike complex on the DISP curve in the sinus rhythm permits determining the sequence of the stimulations of atriae and the type of disorders of the cardiac rhythm. The recording of the DISP of atriae as to complexity does not differ from the recording of the usual ECG. PMID- 7311294 TI - [Experience in using multiple electric defibrillation for atrial fibrillation in ischemic heart disease]. AB - The authors describe observations of 60 patients with ischaemic heart disease complicated by atrial fibrillation, who with the aid of repeated electrical defibrillations (from 2 to 24) during a number of years had their sinus rhythm maintained. In the majority of them the sinus rhythm has been maintained for 6-9 years from the beginning of arrhythmia. It is established that the time of preservation of the sinus rhythm after repeated defibrillations gradually shortens and the tension of the defibrillating discharge grows. PMID- 7311292 TI - [Characteristics of operations on the heart conduction pathways in the preexcitation syndrome. I. Destruction of the bundle of Kent in the free cardiac wall]. AB - The authors describe the technique and the results of the operation of the dextra located Kent's bundle in patients with the Wolff - Parkinson - White syndrome. In all 10 patients the interruption of the pathological conductivity was successful (1 patient was operated on again). In the left-sided localization in 8 out of 11 patients the stimulation syndrome was removed permanently, in 2 temporarily and in 1 the operation was unsuccessful. In 1 patient radio-frequency cardiostimulator has been grafted to stop the attacks. PMID- 7311295 TI - [Modern concepts of the ECG changes in branch block of the bundle of His and of the ramifications of the left branch]. AB - The author reports on the modern conceptions on the structure of the interventricular conduction system, classification and the diagnostic signs of the block of pedicles of His bundle and the branches of the left pedicle. ECG signs of the block of the left and right pedicles of His' bundle are described. ECG changes in the block of the anterior and posterior branches of the left pedicle are given. The combined types of blocks are discussed: block of the right pedicle of His' bundle and the anterior branch of the left pedicle, block of the right pedicle and the posterior branch of the left pedicle. It is pointed out that the combination of the block of the left pedicle and of the anterior branch of the left pedicle is possible. The symptoms of a bilateral and three bundle blocks are given. A focal intraventricular and non-specific intraventricular blocks, and masked block of the pedicle are described. The intraventricular blocks are subdivided into complete and incomplete and their ECG characteristics are given. PMID- 7311296 TI - [Organizational experience in ischemic heart disease control in the Lithuanian SSR]. AB - The paper describes the organization and the structure of the system of the ischaemic heart disease control as exists in the city of Kaunas. The importance of the epidemiologic link of the system is stressed, as well as the unity in the work of the prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic and rehabilitation links in the system. PMID- 7311297 TI - [Diagnosis of an infarct of the interventricular septum by integral cardiotopography]. AB - A total of 135 patients with myocardial infarction of different localization have been studied by the accepted ECG and the method of integral cardiotopography (ICTG). In 18 cases pathomorphological investigations were made to determine the picture of lesion of the cardiac muscle with the subsequent comparison with results shown by ECG and ICTG. It was shown that myocardial infarction of the interventricular septum was better seen by ICTG than with the usual ECG. The diagnosis of interventricular septum infarction with the integral radiotopography is better seen than with the usual ECG from 12 leads. PMID- 7311299 TI - [2-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of heart aneurysms]. AB - The authors observed 157 patients with the myocardial infarction, of them 88 were in the acute phase of the disease. They compared different noninvasive methods of diagnosis of aneurysms. They believe that the method of sectoral scanning is the best. The mono-dimensional echocardiography is effective in detecting apical aneurysms. Dynamic echocardiography is essential for early detection of cardiac aneurysms. Taking of the apical section of the heart is to be preferred. PMID- 7311298 TI - [Various methods of determining left ventricular stroke volume by using echocardiography]. AB - The determinations of stroke volume (SV) were used with the aid of different formulae in patients with the ischaemic heart disease with areas of akinesia of the left ventricle, and those with the acquired mitral and aortal valve disease, congestive cardiopathy and in healthy individuals. Tetrapolar rheography was used as control. The calculation of SV with echocardiogram of the left ventricle in patients with areas of akinesia of the left ventricle and valvular regurgitation gives unduly high figures. The same data have been obtained in determining the SV with echocardiogram of the mitral valve with relative insufficiency. The figures of SV calculated with the echocardiogram of the aortal valve in patients with the disease of the aortal valve are lower as compared to the rheographic data. PMID- 7311300 TI - [Possibilities of improving the diagnosis of coronary heart disease by an angiographic method]. AB - A method for quantitative analysis of coronarograms permitting the determination of average total caliber of the coronary arteries and the angiographic coronary index is being reported. These parameters enable assessment of the degree, localization of not only segmentary but also diffuse lesions of the coronary arteries. The angiographic coronary index, which reflects the coordination of the coronary bed to the mass of the blood-fed myocardium, can be used for assessment of the relative insufficiency of the coronary blood flow. PMID- 7311301 TI - [Determination of the myocardial reserve by ergometry]. AB - An analysis has been made of the data of direct and indirect methods for evaluation of myocardial reserve and occult cardiac insufficiency in varying groups of patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and hypertensive disease. Absolute and relative values of the systolic AD, cardiac contraction rate and ECG data have been studied. A combined characteristics of the hyposystolic type reaction and the scheme for the examination of patients are presented. PMID- 7311302 TI - [Registry data on acute myocardial infarct in Kaunas]. AB - An analysis of the register data on acute myocardial infarction in Kaunas is made covering the period of 1969-1979. The results show the increase in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction over the period studied from 1.0 to 1.67 per 1000 population and the decrease in the general mortality from 46.0 to 30.4%. The decrease in the general mortality is due to the organizational methods and the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7311303 TI - [Experimental prophylactic and prospective epidemiological studies of ischemic heart disease in Kaunas]. AB - The authors report on the data of two epidemiological investigations of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) that were undertaken in Kaunas (Kaunas-Rotterdam Intervention Study 1972 - 1974) to study the efficacy of the multifactorial prevention of IHD. The comparison of the screening data of representative selections in men 45-59 years no significant spread of IHD and its risk factors have been found. On the strength of the data of prospective observation of selection of the first investigation a statistically significant relationship between the risk factors and the spread of the stenosing atherosclerosis in the coronaries have been recorded. A nomogram for the determination of the individual risk of IHD development has been constructed. The analysis of the results of the 2nd investigation showed that the active effect at the level of the factors of risk, in the first place by nonmedicinal agents, helps their significant decrease. PMID- 7311304 TI - [Mortality and its determining factors in patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. AB - The two-year mortality in 993 patients aged from 29 to 86 years included into the register of the acute myocardial infarction and survived during the first 4 weeks totalled 22.9%. The more frequent causes of lethal outcome was sudden death (31.3%) and progressing circulatory insufficiency (19.1%). A system of factors has been established acting favourably or unfavourably on the late results. Attention is drawn to the fact that different factors act differently in persons of different age. PMID- 7311305 TI - [Polyclinic detection of hyperlipoproteinemia and arterial hypertension as risk factors of ischemic heart disease]. AB - The authors examined 825 males aged from 40 to 49 and who accounted for 78.5% of all individuals that had to be examined. Ischemic heart disease was found in 12.3% of those examined, and arterial hypertension in 8.9%. Hyperlipoproteinemia phenotyping was carried out according to the upper normal values of cholesterol and triglycerides. Types IIa and IIb of hyperlipoproteinemia were most common, type IV was encountered less frequently. Repeated examination revealed highest variations in the content of triglycerides; the cholesterol content was more stable. Groups of patients subject to primary and secondary prevention of coronary disease were distinguished. PMID- 7311306 TI - [Multiyear prospective study of ischemic heart disease among a selected male population from one of the districts of Moscow. A comparison of the data from repeat examinations of the chosen population after 6 1/2 years]. AB - The findings of a prospective follow-up of a selective male population whose ages ranged from 50 to 59 years are discussed. Two one-stage examinations were conducted at an interval of 6 1/2 years. A marked increase in the incidence of various forms of ischemic heart disease and its risk factors was noted. Growth of the entropy of the distribution of the forms of ischemic heart disease, ECG changes, and risk factors was also revealed, which reflected the unidirectional process of ageing of the population associated with the accumulation of "pathology" with time. PMID- 7311308 TI - Renal handling of potassium in dogs with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - The dynamics of potassium excretion were examined in normal dogs and dogs with chronic renal insufficiency of at least 4 weeks' duration (remnant model). All animals, in balance on diets providing 15, 50, or 100 mEq of potassium and 100 mEq of sodium, were challenged with 50 mEq of potassium chloride. Immediately thereafter, hourly clearances were obtained for 5 hours. Irrespective of dietary potassium, mean fasting serum potassium and urinary potassium excretion (UKV) were similar in normal and remnant dogs with mean GFR's of 57 +/- 3 and 16 +/- 3 ml/min, respectively. After orogastric administration of 50 mEq potassium, serum potassium rose significantly more in remnant (2.2 to 2.5 mEq/liter) than in normal (0.9 to 1.2 mEq/liter) groups (P less than 0.001). Conversely, UKV increased significantly less, 70 to 96 vs. 151 to 194 micro Eq/min, respectively (P less than 0.001). In 5 hours, normal animals excreted 61 to 67% of the load, but remnant dogs only 30 to 37% (P less than 0.001). In all groups, UKV correlated directly with serum potassium concentration. But this relationship was markedly attenuated in the remnant groups (P less than 0.001) and independent of dietary potassium. In contrast, the same slope describes the relationship between UKV/GRF and serum potassium for all, normal and remnant, animals. The blunted kaliuresis occurred despite the more severe hyperkalemia in remnant than in normal dogs; it was not associated with significant changes in acid-base, diuresis, natriuresis, serum glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations and occurred despite prolonged hyperaldosteronism. The results demonstrate a severe limitation of the remnant kidney's ability to rapidly excrete a potassium load. Changes in serum potassium, or a consequence thereof, are important for the urinary excretion of potassium following its acute administration. PMID- 7311307 TI - Feedback-mediated reduction of glomerular filtration rate during infusion of hypertonic saline. AB - An acute rise in plasma sodium concentration from 146 +/- 2.6 to 155 +/- 1.7 was produced in rats by the intraarterial infusion of 0.6 M sodium chloride (0.25 ml/min for 4 min followed by 0.25 ml/hr). A parallel fall in whole kidney GFR (from 0.45 +/- 0.02 to 0.36 +/- 0.04 ml/min per 100 g of body wt) and SNGFR measured in the distal tubule (31.4 +/- 3.01 to 27.9 +/- 2.40 nl/min) was observed. In contrast, proximally measured SNGFR (with feedback interrupted) rose from 32.7 +/- 2.73 to 37.1 +/- 2.84 nl/min. The loop of Henle flow, determined from distal SNGFR and (TF/P) inulin in late proximal fluid collected without interrupting tubular flow, rose from 13.7 +/- 1.50 to 17.0 +/- 1.42 nl/min as a consequence of a fall in proximal reabsorptive rate from 15.8 +/- 1.87 to 11.0 +/ 1.37 nl/min. Intraarterial infusion of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate resulted in comparable increases in plasma sodium concentration and inhibition of proximal reabsorption but did not produce a fall in filtration rate. We conclude (1) acute infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride results in an inhibition of proximal reabsorption and therefore in an increased rate of loop of Henle flow, (2) this increase in flow causes a fall in GFR through the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, and (3) acute infusion of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate does not result in a feedback-mediated fall in GFR, presumably because increased delivery of bicarbonate-rich fluid does not activate the feedback mechanism. PMID- 7311310 TI - Brain metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 7311309 TI - Antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein associated with renal damage and urinary tract infections in adults. AB - Forty-seven adults with urinary tract infection (UTI), 9 with recent acute pyelonephritis and 38 with previous renal infection, were investigated for the presence of autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP). All patients except 6 had or had had vesicoureteric reflux (VUR). In patients with recent acute pyelonephritis, only IgA antibodies were significantly elevated. Among the patients with previous UTI, more than 6 months before the time of testing, a graded response was found for IgG and IgM specific antibodies, with the lowest value in those with renal damage and elevated serum creatinine and the highest in those with a normal X-ray. A negative correlation was found between IgG antibodies to THP and elevated serum creatinine (r = -0.76, P less than 0.02). No significant correlation was found between VUR itself and antibodies to THP. A low IgG antibody level to THP in patients with a history of previous UTI seems to be a useful indicator of renal scarring. Possible immunologic mechanisms behind the low antibody level and the renal damage are discussed. PMID- 7311311 TI - Cyst fluid antibiotic concentrations in polycystic kidney disease: differences between proximal and distal cysts. AB - The concentrations of several antibiotics were measured in the cyst fluid of six adult patients with polycystic kidney disease. Seventy-nine cysts were aspirated at surgery or autopsy. Sixty-one cysts could be categorized as arising from the proximal nephron and 16 from the distal nephron by cyst fluid to serum sodium ratios. Serum, urine, and cyst fluid were simultaneously analyzed for sodium, creatinine, and various antibiotics. Gentamicin, tobramycin, cephapirin, and ticarcillin were either undetectable or present in low concentrations in renal cysts. Cyst fluid antibiotic concentrations did not correlate with cyst volume or creatinine clearance. Cysts of proximal nephron origin had higher antibiotic concentrations than distal cysts. In one patient with normal renal function, inulin was undetectable in renal cysts after a continuous 36-hour i.v. infusion. Para-aminohippurate, however, was detected in the renal cysts of this patient. These data help explain the poor clinical response of infected renal cysts to antibiotic therapy. They also suggest that antibiotics and other solutes may enter cyst fluid across tubular cells in addition to entry by glomerular filtration. PMID- 7311312 TI - Noninvasive characterization of renal artery blood flow. AB - Noninvasive characterization of renal artery blood flow variables in the human has not been reported. Using a unique dual-frequency real-time two-dimensional echo Doppler (Duplex scanner) that was calibrated in vitro, we characterized renal artery blood flow patterns in 16 normal subjects (6 females). Calculated mean values of systolic diameter (Ds), maximal spatial average blood velocity (Vmsa), and volume flow rate (Q) were as follows: 4.5 +/- 0.6 mm right, 4.4 +/- 0.6 mm left; 67.6 +/- 9.4 cm . sec-1 right, 69.6 +/- 12.0 cm . sec-1 left; and 403 +/- 127 ml . min-1 right, 395 +/- 98 ml . min-1 left; respectively. Direct linear regression correlation of body surface area (BSA) with Ds and Q were statistically significant (P less than 0.01, r = 0.70; and P less than 0.01, r = 0.72, respectively). In a blind prospective series, six of seven angiographically normal renal arteries were noninvasively identified by normal geometry and blood velocity patterns. One angiographically normal artery was incorrectly classified as mildly stenotic. Eleven angiographically documented abnormal renal arteries were noninvasively identified by their abnormal blood flow patterns and/or geometry. This study suggests that dual-frequency Duplex scanning with careful sample volume control and Doppler audio spectra/blood velocity waveform analysis can be used to characterize blood flow variables in normal and diseased human renal arteries. PMID- 7311314 TI - [Pathological pneumothorax in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 7311313 TI - [Diagnosis and the surgical treatment results of lung cancer in the pulmonary surgery department of a noncancer hospital]. PMID- 7311316 TI - [Diagnosis of developmental lung defects]. PMID- 7311315 TI - [Residual manifestations of lung diseases after partial resections for chronic bronchopulmonary pathology of a nonspecific nature]. PMID- 7311317 TI - [Surgical approaches to the trachea]. PMID- 7311318 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophagotracheal fistulae]. PMID- 7311319 TI - [Modeling the blood circulation in a segment of the large intestine in creating a graft for esophagoplasty]. PMID- 7311320 TI - [Surgical treatment of cardiospasm]. PMID- 7311322 TI - [Treatment of lung abscesses complicated by pleural empyema]. PMID- 7311321 TI - [Esophageal motor function in cardiospasm based on x-ray cinematographic data]. PMID- 7311323 TI - [Postoperative polychemotherapy of glandular lung cancer in association with preparations that increase the antiblastic action of the drugs]. PMID- 7311324 TI - [Surgical treatment of chest wounds]. PMID- 7311325 TI - [Treatment results in penetrating chest wounds]. PMID- 7311326 TI - [Use of low-frequency ultrasound in treating pleural empyema]. PMID- 7311327 TI - [Contralateral spontaneous pneumothorax after double wedge resection of the superior lobe of the lung]. PMID- 7311329 TI - [Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 7311330 TI - [Foreign bodies of the diaphragm]. PMID- 7311328 TI - [Morphometric changes in the intact lung after experimental contralateral pulmonectomy]. PMID- 7311331 TI - [Circular tackle method of closing the lumen of the main bronchus in removing the lung]. PMID- 7311332 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hernias of the esophageal hiatus and of chalasia of the cardia]. PMID- 7311334 TI - [Surgical treatment of cholecystitis]. PMID- 7311335 TI - [Extraction of stones from the hepaticocholedochus and bougienage of the major duodenal papilla via the cholecystostoma]. PMID- 7311333 TI - [Emergency repeat operations in lung surgery]. PMID- 7311336 TI - [Gallbladder torsion]. PMID- 7311338 TI - [Opisthorchiasis in combination with stenosis of the major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 7311339 TI - [Rare case of a biliary tract anomaly]. PMID- 7311337 TI - [Isolated gallbladder injuries]. PMID- 7311341 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the bile ducts within the hepatic portal]. PMID- 7311340 TI - [Blood transfusion as a tissue transplant]. PMID- 7311342 TI - [Treatment of acute cholecystitis patients suffering from diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7311344 TI - [Use of nasobiliary drainage in treating mechanical jaundice and cholangitis]. PMID- 7311345 TI - [Congenital cysts of the extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 7311346 TI - [Denervation of the common hepatic artery in treating cholestatic hepatitis]. PMID- 7311343 TI - [Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in assessing the state of the choledochus and gallbladder in chronic biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7311347 TI - [Surgical correction of obstruction of the major duodenal papilla]. PMID- 7311348 TI - [Prognosis of the course of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 7311349 TI - [Effectiveness of current treatment methods in acute destructive pancreatitis]. PMID- 7311350 TI - [Late results of combined operations with pancreatic resection in stomach cancer]. PMID- 7311351 TI - [Papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 7311352 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of surgical diseases of the liver, biliary tracts and pancreas]. PMID- 7311353 TI - [Liver microcirculation in experimental extrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 7311354 TI - [Perforation of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 7311356 TI - [Treatment of echinococcal cyst perforation into the biliary tracts]. PMID- 7311355 TI - [Prevention and treatment of pancreatitis after operations for gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7311357 TI - [Intraoperative inspection of the extrahepatic bile ducts]. PMID- 7311358 TI - [Needle for surgical cholangiography]. PMID- 7311359 TI - [Method of measuring the diameter of the common bile duct during surgery]. PMID- 7311360 TI - [Posterior vitreous detachment with collapse, and peripheral retinal degeneration in the aetiology of idiopathic retinal detachment. A synapsis of clinical observations and anatomical studies (author's transl)]. AB - The crucial aetiological factors of idiopathic retinal detachment are posterior vitreous detachment with collapse, and degenerative lesions in the fundus periphery. Posterior vitreous detachment does not imply diagnostic problems to the expert in this field. On the other hand, the peripheral retinal degenerations include wide range of lesions the clinical and pathoanatomical study of which has so far not resulted in a complete picture. The author of the present paper attempts to get closer to a clearly arranged classification and terminology of those peripheral retinal degenerations, which are of importance to the aetiology, prophylaxis and treatment of idiopathic retinal detachment. PMID- 7311361 TI - [30 years of cataract operation (author's transl)]. AB - A survey is given of 26443 cataract operations at the University Eye Hospital of Graz in the years 1950-1980. Different phases are evident: 1. Extraction with a forceps. 2. A phase of expression. 3. Extraction by means of an erysiphake. 4. Extraction with a cryo-extractor. Enzymatic zonulolysis is of particular importance and performed with trypsin only. Almost all cataract operations are performed by enzymatic zonulolysis with trypsin. Details of the operation technique are pointed out. The connections between cataract surgery and increased intraocular pressure, vitreous body complications and retina and mentioned. Complications during and after operation and problems of anesthesia are discussed. Different special questions like cataract diabetes, cataract and myopia, cataracta complicata, cataracta congenita, cataracta traumatica and cataracta secundaria are pointed out. Our opinion is also given on combined operations like cataract and glaucoma, cataract and keratoplasty or binocular cataract operation. The correction of aphakia by means of intraocular lenses or refractive keratoplasty is discussed. PMID- 7311362 TI - [The ocular pulse (author's transl)]. AB - The author discusses the possibilities of registering the ocular pulse. With the help of sphygmography, the so-called pressure pulse can be registered. These techniques yield information about carotid arterial occlusive disease. The purpose of plethysmography is to measure the extent of intraocular blood flow. Yet quantitative determination of the intraocular blood flow rate is not yet possible. The author gives a critical review of the various methods and their limitations. PMID- 7311363 TI - [The fine structure of the oncocytes of the lacrimal sac (author's transl)]. AB - The lacrimal sac of a 79-year-old woman was examined in an electron microscope. Groups of oncocytes were found. The oncocytes are packed with mitochondria, the cristae of which have suffered damage. PMID- 7311364 TI - [Vitelliform macular degeneration (Best's disease) (author's transl)]. AB - The report concerns an 11-year-old boy with a fresh chorioretinal lesion in the macula of the right eye and an "egg-yolk-like" cyst in the left eye. The contents of the cyst sedimented 4 weeks later in the manner of a pseudo-hypopyon. The typical findings in the macula of the one eye permitted the diagnosis: vitelline macular degeneration, with the full picture of the intact cyst (disc) on the left and the scarred area following the degenerative change of the cyst on the right. In vitelline macular degeneration, we are dealing with the same condition (Brayley and Spivey, Remky, W. Jaeger) as Best's juvenile macular degeneration. PMID- 7311365 TI - [Direct cyclopexy in the treatment of the persistent hypotony syndrome due to traumatic cyclodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Persisting hypotony in 8 eyes due to traumatic cyclodialysis extending from 75 degree - 240 degree was cured by a modified technique of "direct cyclopexy". Our approach consists of the following elements: 1.4 mm lamella limbal based scleral window in the area of the cyclodialysis. 2. Incision of the basal scleral lamella directly behind and parallel to the scleral spur. 3. Bipolar cautery of the ciliary muscle. 4. Under direct visual control, suture of the insertion of the ciliary muscle to the scleral spur with 10/0 nylon. In all cases intraocular pressure was normalized, no anterior synechiae and no secondary glaucoma ensued. Postoperative tonographic C-values were below the upper normal limit. The degree of functional improvement depends on the duration of hypotony and other contusional changes. Early "direct cyclopexy" is recommended. PMID- 7311366 TI - [Retinal holes - cause and therapeutical key of retinal detachments. Iatrogenic holes (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports on 20 hopeless cases of retinal detachment with no visible retinal hole after vitrectomy and membrane-peeling procedures. Nearly all these cases showed a funnel-shaped rigid retinal detachment. In order to perform an internal drainage and air tamponade from inside a iatrogenic hole was cut in the periphery of the retina. The hole was necessary for the internal drainage of the subretinal fluid. The air tamponade forced the retina to unfold. Astonishingly, in 12 out of these 20 cass the retina became reattached. PMID- 7311367 TI - [Timolol versus Diamox (author's transl)]. AB - Comparisons between tonography results confirm an almost identical action of timolol and diamox: With both, the intraocular pressure and the minute volume of aqueous flow are significantly reduced, while the resistance to the aqueous outflow remains unchanged. In a consecutive tonometric study it was proved that timolol, when fully developed, inhibits the pressure-lowering effect of diamox (500 mg i.v.) when applied two hours before the latter. Thus the action of timolol is not additive but rather substitutive to the action of diamox. Its maximal pressure-lowering effect corresponds to the half of the aqueous outflow pressure gradient. PMID- 7311369 TI - [Mathematical reflections on the use of the cross-cylinder (author's transl)]. AB - The optical effect of the cross-cylinder in checking the position of the axis of a correcting cylinder-lens is based on the laws of obliquely crossed cylinders. The corresponding formulae are specified, since relevant calculations are more precise than graphic diagrams, especially for comparisons in tabular form. Some examples are given. PMID- 7311368 TI - [The influence of phospholine iodide on the squinting angle (author's transl)]. AB - The author discusses the results of phospholine iodide therapy on 112 children with convergent strabismus and comes to the conclusion that the possible complications of this therapy are not outweighed by its only very modest success. PMID- 7311370 TI - [Cryo-marker for scleral marking of retinal holes (author's transl)]. AB - According to the Lincoff's procedure, a cryoprobe is used for the localization of retinal holes. A cryo-marker developed for Keeler-cryoprobes simplifies the marking of the scleral impression of the cryoprobe, which is often invisible after thawing. The cryo-marker is fixed on the cryoprobe before cryotherapy. During thawing the toothed ring of the cryo-marker is pushed downwards and placed on the sclera. The centre of the ring on the sclera can now be marked by cauterization after the removal of the cryoprobe. PMID- 7311371 TI - [Morphological changes in the retina and choroid following photocoagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311373 TI - [Retinal panphotocoagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311372 TI - [Late results of xenon photocoagulation of retinal diabetic lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311374 TI - [Retinal ultrastructural changes caused by general anaesthetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311375 TI - [Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in eye diseases: II. LDH level in vitreous and aqueous humor in eyes with uveal malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311377 TI - [Surgery of retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311376 TI - [Electroretinographic investigations in subjects in chronic exposure to carbon disulphide: IV. ERG compared with light sensitivity of the macula and width of retinal vessels (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311379 TI - [Choroidal detachment as a complication of retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311378 TI - [Late observations of patients with retinal detachment treated by cerclage (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311380 TI - [Development of preretinal membranes after operations for retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311381 TI - [Densitometry applied for quantitative assessment of fluorescence intensity in macular holes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311382 TI - [Early and late vitreous changes after trauma to the eyeball (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311383 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of retinoblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311384 TI - [Trials of trental in treatment of diabetic angiopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311385 TI - [Irvine's syndrome: incidence and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311386 TI - [Analysis of retinal function in the morning glory syndrome and similar anomalies of the optic disc: I. Morning glory syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311387 TI - [Analysis of retinal function in the morning glory syndrome and similar anomalies of the optic disc: II. Optic nerve papilla dysplasia. Pathogenesis of lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311388 TI - [Papilloedema followed by partial atrophy after electric shock from a high voltage arc (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311389 TI - Pseudohypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemic "myopathy". A case report. AB - A patient with the clinical features of pseudohypoparathyroidism and elevated concentrations of serum CK and LDH, which normalized after successful therapy, is described. Clinical signs of myopathy did not exist. The bioptical material from the m. tibialis anterior was microscopically normal. The biochemical analysis revealed a reduced phosphorylase-a-activity with the total phosphorylase-activity (a and b) being within the normal range. The significance of these findings as well as possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 7311390 TI - [The value of poly-C-specific serum ribonuclease and CEA in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The possible role of poly(C)RNase serum activity and CEA serum level for early detection and differentiation of pancreatic carcinoma and its specificity and valuability were critically analyzed: Serum RNase (median, min-max) with polycytidin as substrate was determined in 13 "normal" patients (14.6 E/ml, 4.3- 29.8 E/ml), 16 patients with pancreatic cancer (T3 or metastases) (17.6 E/ml, 6- 49-9 E/ml), 15 patients with chronic pancreatitis (9.5 E/ml, 4.9--26.5 E/ml), 7 patients with acute pancreatitis (14.2 E/ml, 5.5--67.3 ng/ml), and 13 patients with other types of malignomas (15 E/ml, 4.3--42.5 E/ml). Serum CEA level was evaluated in 18 "normal" patients (1.15 ng/ml, 0--4.3 ng/ml), 12 patients with pancreatic carcinoma (T3 or metastases) (6.5 mg/ml, 2--456.5 ng/ml), 13 patients with chronic pancreatitis (2.3 ng/ml, 0--8.5 ng/ml), 8 patients with acute pancreatitis (2.7 ng/ml, 0.1--4.6 ng/ml) and 5 patients without operative verification of suspected pancreatic carcinoma (0.9 ng/ml, 0--1.7 ng/ml). The serum RNase activity in pancreatic cancer patients did not show any significant increase in comparison to the other groups, and these patients could not be distinguished from those with the other diseases when excluding other factors influencing serum RNase level such as: Renal insufficiency, nutrition, age, sex. Their CEA level was significantly higher in comparison to the other groups (p less than 0.05). Using 2.5 ng/ml as the limit, the sensitivity was found to be 80% (10/12 of pancreatic carcinomas positive) and the specificity being 70.5% (31/44 of other groups without malignant diseases negative). The presented study and data in the literature show that poly (C) RNase measurement is not useful in early detection of pancreatic carcinoma, but the CEA test could be helpful in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic diseases due to its specificity (70.5%) and seems to be valuable in detection of residual and in monitoring for recurrent pancreatic carcinoma in view of its sensitivity and correlation with the stage of cancer. PMID- 7311391 TI - [Erythropoietin assay. Comparison of a biological test system with an haemagglutination inhibition test (author's transl)]. AB - The results from a biological test for erythropoietin (using the rate of iron absorption in polycythemic mice) and a commercially-available immunological test (haemagglutination-inhibition test) were compared. Of 19 batches of the immunological test which were investigated, 7 batches were completely inactive and a further 3 batches reacted only with the test serum supplied with the test. There was a poor correlation between the results from the biological and the immunological measurements, both on patients with high and those with low serum erythropoietin levels. The difficulty of the immunological erythropoietin test is that pure erythropoietin is not sufficiently available. The immunological test investigated here does not use pure erythropoietin. Aside from this, pathophysiological considerations would lead one to expect basic differences between the results from immunological and biological tests. PMID- 7311392 TI - Disposition of hydrochlorothiazide (Hct) during phenytoin (Ph) treatment. AB - Plasma levels and urinary recovery of Hct were determined in seven healthy male volunteers. 75 mg Hct were administered as a tablet in a randomised fashion with or without phenytoin pretreatment (300 mg/d). Bioavailability of Hct showed considerable intra- and interindividual variation (32--87% and 42--77% respectively), but phenytoin did not influence the disposition parameters of the diuretic. PMID- 7311393 TI - [Plasma catecholamines, metabolic substrates, aerobic and anaerobic capacity during exercise in supine and sitting position (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of a graduated bicycle ergometric test in supine and sitting position on the work capacity, the plasma catecholamines, the carbohydrate (glucose and lactate) and lipid metabolism (free fatty acids and glycerol) and the heart rate and oxygen intake was examined in six healthy subjects. The work capacity is approx. 30% higher in sitting position. In supine position, adrenaline and nor-adrenaline are lower at rest, at all submaximum levels and during maximum ergometric exercise. Glucose, free fatty acids and glycerol show no differences dependent on the body position at the same submaximum levels, only the lactate level is approx. 30% higher (200 Watt) in supine position. During maximum graduated exercise in sitting position the glucose level is 10% higher than in supine position, the free fatty acids show no difference; the lactate level is approx. 37% higher, the glycerol level approx. 40% than in supine position. The heart rate and the oxygen intake don't show any position dependent differences at rest and at the same submaximum levels. During maximum ergometric exercise they are 15% (heart rate) and about 30% (oxygen intake) higher than in supine position, corresponding to a higher exercise level. PMID- 7311394 TI - [Blood pressure reactivity to emotional stress in uncomplicated forms of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Blood pressure behavior under basal conditions and emotional stress was examined in 48 patients with elevated casual blood pressure values who had no hypertensive cardiovascular complications and in 48 normotensives of the same age. In order to study possible interactions with age and sex each group was divided in two age and two sex subgroups respectively. Under basal conditions the blood pressure values of the hypertensive group were within the normal range but markedly higher than the values of the normotensive group. During stress the difference between both groups increased because the hypertensive group exhibited a stronger reactivity of blood pressure. There was an interaction between sex and hypertension in that in contrast to the hypertensive group normotensive women had lower blood pressure values at rest and under emotional stress than men. There was an influence of age consisting in a stronger blood pressure reactivity of the older subjects; this effect could be found in the hypertensive as well as in the normotensive group. Patients with uncomplicated forms of hypertension exhibit a blood pressure hyperreactivity on emotional stress independently of age and sex. According to previous investigations normotensive subjects with a family history of hypertension show stronger blood pressure reactivity, too. Therefore this phenomenon must be regarded as important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 7311396 TI - Effect of pentoxifylline on single red cell deformability. AB - In the present investigation the effect of pentoxifylline on single red cell deformability was determined. The deformability of human red blood cells were measured in a Singlepore Erythrocytes Rigidometer (SER). The new method determines optoelectronically the passage of each individual cell through a singlepore membrane (6 micrometers diameter and 50 micrometers length) under a driving pressure gradient (delta p = 100 Pa, tau = 3 Pa). Venous human blood samples were taken, prepared and divided into three samples. Sample A served as a physiological control, while to sample B and C CaCl2-solution was added. After Ca2+ stress sample C was incubated with 0.36 mmol/l pentoxifylline. The medium passage time (MPT) for sample A was 43.3 +/- 6.5 ms and for sample B 87.5 +/- 14.7 ms. The addition of pentoxifylline to the Ca2+-treated red cell suspension (sample C) reduced the MPT to 51.6 +/- 11.3 ms. PMID- 7311395 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients: studies on parathyroid regulation and classification problems (author's transl)]. AB - In a series of 22 patients undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis the response in secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to an acute increase in serum calcium (Ca) concentration was studied. All patients had raised levels of predialysis PTH. Ca concentrations were measured by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and PTH concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. A close, significant, linear, negative correlation was demonstrated by regression analysis when Ca concentrations were correlated to changes in PTH, expressed as a percentage of the initial predialysis PTH value (100%). This finding supports the assumption that the function of the parathyroid gland at cellular level is similar in all patients, irrespective of very different predialysis PTH concentrations in peripheral blood. The results together with findings in literature were used to describe secondary hyperparathyroidism as a disease which shows typical phases during progression. Some still obscure phenomena of secondary hyperparathyroidism can be explained by discriminating between parathyroid function at a cellular and an organ level. The classification of hyperparathyroidism in regulative and autonomous forms only seems to be applicable when referred to the cellular level. PMID- 7311399 TI - Acute muscular syndrome after bezafibrate. PMID- 7311400 TI - Renovascular hypertension due to spontaneous thrombus formation - a successful case treated by saphenous vein bypass grafting. PMID- 7311401 TI - [Combination of diabetes mellitus and chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 7311402 TI - [Hereditary oculodentodigital syndrome]. PMID- 7311398 TI - [Alcohol induced changes in hemopoiesis (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective trial with 120 chronic alcoholics (July, 1978 to January, 1980) on admission the following haematological values significantly different from those of the normal population were found: elevated erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (64%), increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (32%), thrombocytopenia (48%), increased percentage of bone marrow sideroblasts (35%), decreased percentage of sideroblasts (37%), megaloblastic bone marrow changes (55%) including nuclear abnormalities (32%), and vacuolization in red cell (20%) and white cell (16%) precursors. These changes were independent of liver cirrhosis with hypersplenism (increased mean corpuscular volume in 52% of the patients who did not have liver cirrhosis, increased mean corpuscular volume in 76% of the patients who were cirrhotic but not suffering from major bleeding). Platelets returned to normal values within 6 days of discontinuation of alcohol ingestion. In respect to iron metabolism we found the following changes: decreased serum iron concentration (32%), increased iron concentration (42%), increased total iron binding capacity (54%), increased ferritin (41%), decreased transferrin (20%). In contrast to data from the Anglo-American literature, serum folate concentrations were mostly normal in our patients (87%). This may be due to different eating and drinking habits. The percentage of bone marrow sideroblasts was also lower in our patients than those described in the literature mentioned above. The changes in maturation are likely to be caused partially by a toxic effect of alcohol on nuclear metabolism of bone marrow cells. PMID- 7311397 TI - [The effect of anaesthesia and surgery on immune function. A review (author's transl)]. AB - This paper reviews the literature concerning the question, how the immune functions might be affected by anaesthesia and surgery. General and local anaesthetics inhibit in vitro and in vivo important functions of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and macrophages. However, the postoperative immunosuppression is not attributable to the anaesthesia but rather appears to depend on the tissue trauma itself. PMID- 7311404 TI - [Programmed examination test on a course of propedeutics in internal diseases]. PMID- 7311403 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis in acute pains in the abdomen]. PMID- 7311405 TI - [Student and patient interrelationships in the infectious disease clinic]. PMID- 7311406 TI - [Controversial nature of some theses advanced in the study of viral hepatitis (apropos of A. F. Bliuger's article, "Clinical Problems of Chronic Hepatitis", Klin. meditsina, 1980, No. 9, pp. 16-21)]. PMID- 7311407 TI - [Importance of gastrin, cyclic nucleotides and calcium in regulating digestive tract functions in salmonellosis]. PMID- 7311408 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7311409 TI - [Diagnostic value of determining middle molecules in the blood plasma in nephrological diseases]. PMID- 7311410 TI - [Mortality in urinary system diseases]. PMID- 7311411 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 7311412 TI - [Diagnosis of the pain syndrome following cholecystectomy]. PMID- 7311413 TI - [Symptomatic characteristics of ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 7311414 TI - [Current problems of the prevention of internal diseases]. PMID- 7311415 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical x-ray manifestations of gastric peptic ulcer depending on the size of the niche]. PMID- 7311416 TI - [Body detoxication in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7311417 TI - [Immunoglobulins of the duodenal secretion proper in gastroduodenitis with a past history of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7311418 TI - [Hemorrhagic pleurisy as a mask of exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7311419 TI - [Clinical characteristics of A2/Texas/79 influenza]. PMID- 7311420 TI - [Causes of death in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 7311421 TI - [Blood rheological properties in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7311422 TI - [Heart rhythm characteristics in assessing the severity of patients' status]. PMID- 7311423 TI - [Involvement of peripheral and cranial nerves in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7311424 TI - [Pathogenetic classification of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7311425 TI - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of early cerebral atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7311426 TI - [Clinical course of stroke complicated by pneumonia]. PMID- 7311427 TI - [Rheoencephalography and jugular rheophlebography in diagnosis of disorders of cerebral venous circulation]. PMID- 7311429 TI - [Effect of a number of psychoactive agents on indices of cerebral circulation in patients with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency]. PMID- 7311430 TI - [Effect of diet and drug therapy on the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 7311428 TI - [Use of thermography and ultrasound dopplerography for evaluating efficacy of complamin in the treatment of patients with disorders of cerebral circulation]. PMID- 7311431 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients after surgical treatment of saccular aneurysms of cerebral vessels]. PMID- 7311432 TI - [Clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of neurological complications in Osler Rendu disease]. PMID- 7311433 TI - [Role of somatic diseases in the thanatogenesis of cerebral stroke]. PMID- 7311434 TI - [Clinical manifestations of long-term sequelae of war contusions, wounds, and diseases]. PMID- 7311435 TI - [Disseminated variants of herpes zoster]. PMID- 7311436 TI - [Differential diagnosis between botulism and viral encephalitis]. PMID- 7311437 TI - [Treatment of severe variants of botulism]. PMID- 7311438 TI - [The health of working collective farm workers of retirement age]. PMID- 7311439 TI - [Mechanism of hypoglycemic effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7311440 TI - [Late skin porphyria in a patient with alcoholism]. PMID- 7311441 TI - [Case of Werner's syndrome]. PMID- 7311442 TI - [Methodological problems of preliminary diagnosis]. PMID- 7311443 TI - [Systemic and cerebral hemodynamic status of flight personnel under moderate hypoxia]. AB - For the purposes of medical expertise the state of systemic and cerebral hemodynamics has been investigated in 66 pilots with autonomic-vascular instability and in 36 healthy subjects exposed to moderate hypoxia (in an altitude chamber). The pilots have shown noticeable tachycardia or systolic hypertension as well as certain changes in cardiac output and stroke volume. These alterations have been accompanied by rheoencephalographic changes of two types one of which can be regarded as an adverse response of cerebral circulation to hypoxia. It is concluded that the study of systemic and cerebral circulation in hypoxia yields an important diagnostic information that allows better expertise estimates. PMID- 7311445 TI - [Physiological and hygienic evaluation of the vibrations in a transport helicopter cockpit]. AB - In the cockpit of five helicopters the floor and the chair vibrated in a band of 8 Hz at a frequency of 112.5 and 114.0 dB, respectively. Before and after the flying shift 66 crewmembers were interviewed and examined. Vibration was referred to as the most unpleasant factor by 30.4% of them, noise was defined as the most unpleasant factor by 6.5% of them; 63.1% described both factors as similarly adverse. The level of psychophysiological changes was proportional to the flight time. The first signs of fatigue were seen after flights of up to 5 hours in duration to increase drastically after flights of 6 and 7 hours. PMID- 7311444 TI - [Causes of fatigue in civil aviation helicopter crews]. AB - Vibration and noise play an important part in fatiguing crewmembers of helicopters. The exposure to these factors during the flying shift results in an early and marked fatigue of pilots the level of which depends on the vibration effects to a larger extent than on the noise effects. The fatigue is followed by a decline of the psychophysiological parameters characterizing the visual and motor functions as well as the ratio of the basic processes in the central nervous system. PMID- 7311446 TI - [Assessment of human tolerance for local pressures on the head and an objective statement of the requirements for the hygienic characteristics of protective helmets]. AB - To obtain reference data for a statistically substantiated evaluation of man's tolerance to the local pressure on the head (as applied to protective helmets kept on for a long time), 86 experiments were carried out in which 11 test subjects participated. The local pressure of 0.05-0.5 kg/cm2 was applied to 8 areas of the head. The tolerance time was measured as the time interval from the beginning of the exposure to the emergence of localized sensations of the type: unpleasant, painful, very painful or intolerable. As a result, statistically significant relationships between the tolerance time and the level of the local pressure were obtained for the 8 locations and 3 grades of subjective sensations. These data can be used in evaluating protective helmets to be worn for a long time as well as in developing hygienic requirements for the advanced helmet-like devices. PMID- 7311448 TI - [Modeling of human movements under conditions of varying gravitational force]. AB - The control of man's movements during adaptation to an altered gravity field was modelled by mathematical methods. Two types of movements were investigated: forearm displacements with various loads and repulsions from a support in zero-g and at high g's. It has been shown that movement coordination in altered gravity fields can be maintained due to a rearrangement of the control over muscle contraction which includes changes in the amplitude and pattern of joint momenta in harmony with the gravity changes. PMID- 7311447 TI - [Effect of transmeridional flights on the biorhythm of zone formation in Streptomyces levoris]. AB - The transmeridional transportation of the temperature controlled colonies of Streptomyces levoris exerted a marked effect on its biorhythms. This included changes in the growth and zone formation rates and differences in the vector of changes as related to the flight direction. The vector of changes during the East oriented air-borne flight coincided with that in the orbital flight with a similar direction of transportation. These findings as well as the results of studies of seasonal and diurnal rhythms of the actinomycete zone formation suggest the synchronizing effect of the periodicity of geophysical factors. PMID- 7311449 TI - [Postures, movements and equilibrium functions of rats after flights on biosatellites]. AB - Examinations of the Wistar-SPF rats flown on board the biosatellites Cosmos-782, 936 and 1129 demonstrated significant changes in their postural, motor and equilibrium reactions. The use of artificial gravity inflight, produced a beneficial effect on the health state, motor activity and simple reflex acts of the animals but worsened their movement coordination and equilibrium function. PMID- 7311450 TI - [Cathepsin activity of skeletal muscle and myocardial myofibrils after exposure to weightlessness and G force]. AB - The rats flown on board Cosmos-605 and exposed to a synchronous experiment for 22 days showed an increased activity of myofibrillar cathepsins in skeletal muscles of different groups. In the flight rats the increase was greater than in the synchronous ground-based animals. This suggests a significant effect of weightlessness on the cathepsic activity. The parameter was partly normalized at R + 25 or 26. The exposure of rats to accelerations of 4 and 5 G for 20 min daily during 2 weeks also increased the cathepsic activity of skeletal and myocardial myofibers. The parameter returned to normal a month after completion of acceleration exposures. Thus, changes in the proteolytic activity of myofibers of different muscles induced by weightlessness and acceleration are reversible. The significance of changes in the muscle tension as related to the mechanism of stimulation of proteolytic reactions is discussed. PMID- 7311451 TI - [Cytokinetic evaluation of erythropoiesis on prolonged orbital flights]. AB - The purpose of the investigation was to understand better the mechanisms of erythropoietic changes at the cellular level during a prolonged exposure to weightlessness. Following 96-, 140- and 175-day space flights cytokinetic and morphological changes in erythropoiesis were observed. The count of circulating erythrocytes decreased inflight and their life time reduced postflight. The shortening of the life time of erythrocytes postflight was paralleled by increased proliferative activity of erythroid cells. The erythrocytic balance was not reached as late as R + 36. It is recommended that the number of research methods be enlarged. PMID- 7311453 TI - [Wave-like reaction phenomena of the human body in head-down tilt]. AB - The biorhythmological analysis of the data obtained from 7 healthy male test subjects in the head-down position at -8 degrees revealed phenomena of sine shaped reactions. This pattern was seen in the range (the difference between mean day-time and mean night-time values) of heart rate, amplitude (the difference between the maximum and minimum) of variations of body temperature and renal potassium excretion, and the evening-morning difference of body temperature variations. PMID- 7311454 TI - [Results of studying the hemodynamics and phase structure of the heart cycle in a functional test with lower body negative pressure exposure on an 140-day flight on the Saliut-6 station]. AB - The two members of the 140-day permanent Salyut-6 space flight were exposed to 5 LBNP tests at -25 and -35 mm Hg for 2 and 3 min, respectively. Circulation responses to the LBNP tests were measured with respect to the heart rate, arterial pressure, chronocardiogram and cardiac output. As compared to the preflight data, inflight responses were characterized by a greater tachycardia, preload insufficiency, and vascular tone in the absence of orthostatic intolerance. Possible mechanisms of the changes in the circulation responses are discussed. PMID- 7311452 TI - [Noradrenaline and the enzymes of its synthesis and breakdown in the rat hypothalamus after a flight on the Kosmos-936 biosatellite]. AB - In the hypothalamus of the weightless and centrifuged rats flown for 18.5 days on board the biosatellite Cosmos-936 the noradrenaline concentration and activity of the enzymes involved in the catecholamine synthesis and degradation were measured. It was found that under the space flight influence the noradrenaline concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase activities remained unaltered. These findings indicate that a prolonged exposure to weightlessness was not a stressogenic agent that could activate the adrenergic system in the rat hypothalamus. PMID- 7311455 TI - [Lipid spectrum characteristics of the myocardium of white rats in hypoxic hypoxia]. AB - By a modified microthin-layer chromatography in the total lipid spectrum of the cardiac muscle of white rats exposed to acute oxygen deficiency in an altitude chamber was investigated. It was found that the content of total lipids, phospholipids, free cholesterol, free fatty acids and triglycerides decreased during acute hypoxia. The exposure induced changes in the amount of glycerophosphatids whose content diminished significantly. The concentration of phosphatidyl serines and phosphatidyl ethanol amines lowered to a lesser extent while that of sphingomyelins increased. Acute oxygen deficiency accelerates the release of inorganic phosphate from the heart, thus, together with other factors, leading to disorders in the heart energetics. These findings indicate an important role of hypoxic hypoxia in the disturbances of lipid metabolism of the myocardium. This needs to be taken into consideration in the diagnostics and treatment of such states. PMID- 7311458 TI - [Method of recording the rotatory reflexes of the eyes]. PMID- 7311459 TI - [Electrode block for studying the human H-reflex]. PMID- 7311457 TI - [Clinical characteristics of radiation sickness with radiation exposure of different parts of the human body]. AB - The clinical picture of radiation sickness of 139 radiological patients exposed to local irradiation of the head, chest and stomach with efficient doses of 210 rad was examined. It was found that at fractionated local irradiations the clinical symptom-complex of radiation sickness was identical to that seen as a result of total-body irradiation. During head irradiation the major symptom was headache and during stomach irradiation nausea. The severity level of radiation damage measured with respect to the clinical symptom-complex as a whole with the aid of the bioinformation model was similar during irradiations of the head and stomach much higher during irradiation of the chest. During head and stomach irradiations the severity level of radiation damage was proportional to the efficient dose. During chest irradiation there was no correlation between the severity level and the exposure to doses of 210 rad. PMID- 7311456 TI - [Exposure to permanent magnetic fields and the reticular effects on the adrenergic and cholinergic systems]. AB - An exposure of rats to a constant magnetic field of 0.4 T for 1 hour caused increases in the blood content of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine, and in the adrenal content of adrenaline. Stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation led to a significant increase of the blood concentration of catecholamines and acetylcholine. After an exposure to the constant magnetic field the stimulatory effects of the reticular formation on the adrenergic systems diminished and on the cholinergic systems remained elevated. PMID- 7311461 TI - Diagnostic exercise: ulcerative stomatitis ("mouth rot") and enteritis associated with maladaptation syndrome. PMID- 7311462 TI - Lethal doses of pentobarbital sodium in albino versus pigmented rats: a within strain comparison. PMID- 7311460 TI - [State of the neural apparatus of the meninges of the brain under multiple transverse G forces]. PMID- 7311463 TI - Feeding pattern and gastrointestinal transit rate of rats under different room lighting schedules. AB - Food consumption, fecal production, and excretion of an orally administered, nonabsorbed fecal marker were measured in rats housed in continuously-lighted animal quarters or in a room with alternating 12-hour light and dark periods. After a 3-week adaptation period, animals kept in alternate-lighting consumed 75% of their 24-hour food intake and produced 61% of their 24-hour fecal output during the 12 dark hours. In rats subjected to continuous-lighting, food intake and fecal output during the 12 hours corresponding to the dark in alternate lighting were only 39% and 46% of the 24-hour totals, respectively. A radioactive chromic chloride fecal marker was presented for voluntary consumption to half of the animals in the morning and to the other half in the evening in each lighting situation. Rats offered the 51Cr dose at the beginning of their more active feeding period excreted about 40% of the radioactivity in each of the first two 12-hour collection periods. When the fecal marker was offered at the beginning of the less active feeding period, less than 10% of the 51Cr appeared in the first 12-hour collection, and over 70% was excreted during the second 12-hour collection. Thus, changes in food consumption patterns that occurred with alteration of room lighting were accompanied by parallel changes in fecal production and gastrointestinal transit rates. PMID- 7311465 TI - Comparative responses of rabbits and rats to elevated noise. AB - New Zealand white rabbits and Wistar rats were exposed, in an acoustic chamber, to 1.5 hours of white noise per day at intensities of 107--112 decibels. Compared to the control condition of 60 decibels (background noise level), both rabbits and rats displayed increased adrenal weights (p less than 0.05). Rabbits also had decreased spleen and thymus weights (p less than 0.05). Rats had increased total leukocyte counts and a relative eosinopenia (p less than 0.05). Also, noise exposed rats exhibited a decrease (p less than 0.05) in food intake by the third day of noise exposure. There were no observed changes in hematocrit or plasma protein concentrations. PMID- 7311466 TI - Plasma cortisol response to different methods of weaning in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) infants. PMID- 7311467 TI - Genetic selection for small body size in Yucatan miniature pigs. AB - Yucatan miniature swine exhibiting smaller than average size and weight were selected as foundation stock for a miniaturization program. The F1 progeny from four matings of parent stock were evaluated based on weight through 24 months of age. Those animals with a mature weight at least 20% below the average of the population were selected as breeding stock for the succeeding generations. The selected F1 boars, when compared in size to the mean weight of unselected adult boars, were significantly lighter (p less than 0.01). Selected F1 sows were significantly lighter (p less than 0.001) compared to unselected sows of a comparable age. PMID- 7311468 TI - Modification of vaginal opening time in rats by light-dark cycle. PMID- 7311464 TI - Pasteurella associated rhinitis of rabbits: efficacy of penicillin therapy. AB - Thirty adult New Zealand white rabbits with chronic rhinitis were obtained from a commercial breeding colony. Penicillin sensitive strains of Pasteurella multocida were isolated from the upper respiratory tract of 28 (93%) of these rabbits. The diseased rabbits were treated with either intramuscular penicillin or penicillin nasal spray for 10 days and monitored for clinical signs of rhinitis and for the presence of Pasteurella multocida in the nasal passages. Rabbits receiving penicillin therapy by either route showed significant remission of the clinical signs of rhinitis during the study period; however, following treatment there was not significant difference in the prevalence of rhinitis between the treated groups and the untreated group. This was due in part to the considerable but non significant improvement shown by the untreated group. This improvement which was not due to penicillin therapy may have been due to stabilization of environmental factors. The prevalence of Pasteurella multocida in the upper respiratory tracts of either the treated or untreated rabbits did not change significantly during the study period. PMID- 7311469 TI - Domestic breeding of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). AB - Two reproductive strategies were used in the management of a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) breeding colony. The first strategy involved placement of all animals into one-male harem units for breeding, parturition, and infant rearing. The second strategy involved a reduction in the number of males, movement of pregnant females to individual cages, and formation of new groups with females and neonates. The second strategy resulted in an increased percentage of females having successful births and an increased survival of neonates. The percentage of females becoming pregnant did not change. PMID- 7311470 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus antibodies in nonhuman primates and domestic animals. PMID- 7311472 TI - A technique for fixation of intercondylar humeral fractures in immature small dogs. PMID- 7311471 TI - Iron dextran-induced anaphylaxis in a goat (Capra hircus). PMID- 7311473 TI - The diseases of ornamental fishes. PMID- 7311474 TI - The hobby of ornamental fishkeeping. PMID- 7311475 TI - Ornamental fishkeeping and the veterinary surgeon. PMID- 7311477 TI - Parasites of ornamental fish. PMID- 7311476 TI - An overview of ornamental fish diseases and therapy. PMID- 7311478 TI - Anaesthetics in fishes. PMID- 7311479 TI - Anaesthesia in fishes. PMID- 7311480 TI - Tuberculosis in fishes. PMID- 7311481 TI - The intra-uterine position of canine foetuses and their sequence of expulsion at birth. PMID- 7311482 TI - Nasopharyngeal polyps arising in the middle ear of the cat. PMID- 7311483 TI - A generalized chondropathy of joint cartilage leading to deformity of the elbow joints in a litter of Newfoundland dogs. PMID- 7311484 TI - Discospondylitis in the dog. PMID- 7311485 TI - Children of alcoholics: a role-theoretical perspective. PMID- 7311486 TI - Physiological arousal and perceptions of a member of the opposite sex. PMID- 7311487 TI - The significance of electromechanical and osmotic forces in the nonequilibrium swelling behavior of articular cartilage in tension. AB - Studies were conducted of some of the nonequilibrium, electrolyte-activated, electromechanical and osmotic processes that can affect the tensile properties of articular cartilage. We measured changes in tensile force that were induced by altering the ionic environment of strips of cartilage held at fixed length. We compared the kinetics of changes in these macroscopically measured isometric tensile forces to theoretical estimates of the time constants that characterize the underlying physical and chemical mechanisms occurring within the cartilage specimens during the experiment. Changes in the tensile force induced by changing the bath neutral salt concentration surrounding the specimen appear to be rate limited by the diffusion of the salt into the specimen. That is, the mechanical stress relaxation process resulting from changes in salt concentration seems to be occurring at least as rapidly as the diffusion of salt into the matrix. When the bath concentration of CaCl2 or HCl is varied, the rate of change in the resulting isometric stresses indicates that Ca++ and H+ ions are binding to the cartilage matrix macromolecules. PMID- 7311488 TI - Structural properties of immature canine bone. AB - Structural properties of growing canine long bones were determined from three and four-point bending tests. Mechanical and geometric properties were found to follow a biphasic growth process, with a rapid increase in bending strength and moment of inertia from l to 24 wk of age and a substantially decreased rate thereafter to maturity. Predicted bone tissue material properties were also found to follow this biphasic developmental process. PMID- 7311489 TI - Analysis of model variables and fixation post length effects on stresses around a prosthesis in the proximal tibia. AB - A two-dimensional, finite element model of a single-posted, metal, tibial prosthetic component implanted with PMMA in the proximal tibia is developed. The effects upon the stresses at the PMMA-bone interface and in the cancellous bone around the component due to the inclusion in the model of the cortical shell and the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the cancellous bone, are demonstrated. Various lengths of the fixation post are considered. The cortical shell adds support and stiffness to the bone structure, and allows generation of significant stresses proximally. The heterogeneity of the cancellous bone, as assumed here, dictates the form of the stress distributions and the magnitudes and locations of the peak stress values around the post of the component. Peak stress values can occur at locations proximal to the post tip. The anisotrophy of the cancellous bone significantly alters the magnitudes of the stresses. Lower stresses along the post interface and higher stresses beneath the plate of the prosthesis are seen in the anisotropic models. Lengthening of the fixation post reduces stresses proximally, but the effects of post lengthening upon the maximum stress values around the post are highly dependent upon the assumed properties of the cancellous bone. PMID- 7311490 TI - An analytical model of Pauwels' functional adaptation mechanism in bone. AB - In this paper it is argued and partially demonstrated that the features of Pauwels' qualitative theory of functional adaptation of bone tissue are expressed mathematically by the cubic approximation to the theory of internal remodeling presented by Cowin and Hegedus. Complete solutions for the steady stress and steady strain situations in the cubic approximation to the theory of internal remodeling are presented. The cubic remodeling rate equation is shown to correspond closely to the remodeling equation suggested by Kummer for the qualitative theory of Pauwels. PMID- 7311491 TI - Pulse-decay method for measuring the thermal conductivity of living tissues. AB - The present communication presents a single microprobe technique for measuring tissue thermal properties based on the dissipation of a measured amount of energy and the observation of the resulting temperature rise a given time later. An advantage of this method is that the effective sampling volume can be varied by varying the measurement time. Using a measurement time of a few seconds, the sampling volume was estimated to be several orders of magnitude greater than the probe volume. Hence artifacts due to probe-induced trauma or stress would be insignificant. Additional advantages of the technique are: the results were independent of the probe shape, size and properties, and hence represents absolute measurements without the need for calibration; the required electronics and computations are simple; the determination of thermal conductivity requires only a single measurement; and comparison of data at different measurement times yields a clear and unequivocal indication of nonconductive contributions of heat transfer, if present. PMID- 7311492 TI - A one-dimensional model of simultaneous hemodialysis and ultrafiltration with highly permeable membranes. AB - A one-dimensional model of combined convective and diffusive mass transfer in a hemodialyser is presented. Solutions and results are given for two regimes of ultrafiltration (UF): at low transmembrane pressures when UF flow is proportional to transmembrane pressure and in the limit of large transmembrane pressures when UF is limited by protein concentration polarization. It is found that the overall clearance is always less than the sum of dialytic and UF clearances due to interaction between convective and diffusive transfers. For a given UF flow the clearance is not sensitive to UF flux distribution along the membrane. Model predictions of urea clearance are in good agreement with measurements obtained in vitro with saline on hemodialysers equipped with a polyacrylonitrile membrane. PMID- 7311493 TI - Experimental measurements of the flow-induced shear stress distribution in the vicinity of prosthetic heart valves. AB - The present study examines the local shear stress distribution occurring during flow through prosthetic valves. The electrochemical technique is a powerful tool for the study of mass transfer related phenomena and was selected for this investigation. The present investigation attempts to establish the viability of the particular application of the technique. Three test section geometries were analyzed: a straight tube, a ball-in-cage valve, and a model disk-in-cage valve, and the tests were conducted at six Reynolds numbers range from 1000 to 6000 under steady-state conditions. The model disk valve provided a base-case check on the validity of the technique since it has been employed in several previous studies and the flow through it is well documented. High shear and low shear regions are clearly evident and their locations can be pinpointed. The ball-in cage valve was tested over the full range of Reynolds numbers. The shear profiles demonstrate a double peak in the region of the ball, a result which was unexpected. Careful study revealed that this was a result of the test section geometry. The frequency of the fluctuations in wall shear for the ball valve were found to be different than those for the disk valve indicating that the environment at the aortic wall is definitely affected by valve design. This study showed the electrochemical technique to be a valuable tool for the study of the flow through prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 7311494 TI - Transient study of couple stress effects in compact bone: torsion. AB - Couple stress theory, which admits an internal moment per unit area as well as the usual force per unit area, is a generalization of classical elasticity. Experimentally we have demonstrated the existence of couple stress by measuring the effect of size on apparent stiffness of compact bone in quasi-static torsion. From these measurements, we obtain the characteristic length for bone in couple stress theory. PMID- 7311495 TI - Oscillatory compressional behavior of articular cartilage and its associated electromechanical properties. AB - The compressive stiffness of articular cartilage was examined in oscillatory confined compression over a wide frequency range including high frequencies relevant to impact loading. Nonlinear behavior was found when the imposed sinusoidal compression amplitude exceeded a threshold value that depended on frequency. Linear behavior was attained only by suitable control of the compression amplitude. This was enabled by real time Fourier analysis of data which provided an accurate assessment of the extent of nonlinearity. For linear viscoelastic behavior, a stiffness could be defined in the usual sense. The dependence of the stiffness on ionic strength and proteoglycan content showed that electrostatic forces between matrix charge groups contribute significantly to cartilage's compressive stiffness over the 0.001 to 20 Hz frequency range. Sinusoidal streaming potentials were also generated by oscillatory compression. A theory relating the streaming potential field to the fluid velocity field is derived and used to interpret the data. The observed magnitude of the streaming potential suggests that interstitial fluid flow is significant to cartilage behavior over the entire frequency range. The use of simultaneous streaming potential and stiffness data with an appropriate theory appears to be an important tool for assessing the relative contribution of fluid flow, intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity, or other molecular mechanisms to energy dissipation in cartilage. This method is applicable in general to hydrated, charged polymers. PMID- 7311496 TI - The time and history-dependent viscoelastic properties of the canine medical collateral ligament. AB - The viscoelastic properties of the canine medial collateral ligament (MCL) were investigated. Stress-strain relationships at different strain rates, long-term stress relaxation and cyclic stress-strain curves of the MCL were obtained experimentally using a bone-MCL-bone preparation. The experimental data were used in conjunction with the quasi-linear viscoelastic theory as proposed by Fung [15] to characterize the reduced relaxation function, G(t) and elastic response sigma e (epsilon) of this tissue. It was found that the quasi-linear viscoelastic theory can adequately describe the time and history-dependent rheological properties of the canine medial collateral ligament. PMID- 7311498 TI - Thermoplastics for prosthetic applications. AB - The rapid and accurate thermoforming of plastics for prosthetic applications has been the subject of considerable research and development by the Bioengineering Centre. This paper outlines the progress in the general concepts that have been effected to date. The original below knee (B/K) socket vacuum forming technique has been extended to above knee (A/K) and supracondylar cases, and there have been developments in rotational casting technology. The work is necessarily based on a sound understanding of the properties of the materials concerned and of the associated manufacturing processes. The contribution of the Bioengineering Centre is outlined together with summaries of collaborative work carried out with other organizations. PMID- 7311499 TI - The life of neurological prostheses. PMID- 7311500 TI - Biomechanical assessment of patients treated by joint surgery. AB - Surgical replacement of lower limb joints has been practised for twenty years although there is little quantitative information on loads transmitted either by implants or by other related joints. The results of tests are presented which evaluate the variation in external forces developed between the ground and foot during walking, together with the configuration of the lower limbs and the moments acting about the hips and knees. Two groups of patients were investigated; patients who were assessed prior to joint replacement and at intervals thereafter, and patients for whom the Girdlestone procedure was performed following a failed implant. The results area compared with those from similar tests on clinically normal subjects. There is a significant improvement post-operatively in the mechanical aspects of hip function for the replacement patients. The improvement continues after the first six months post-operatively and may result in abnormally high loading at other joints. At twelve months the performance of the patients with joint replacement differs significantly from the normal subjects and is generally better than the Girdlestone patients. PMID- 7311497 TI - A method of analyzing the three-dimensional stiffness properties of the intact human lumbar spine. PMID- 7311501 TI - Assessment of a car conversion to ease access for wheelchair users. PMID- 7311502 TI - A rapid-fit limb using alternative technology in India. PMID- 7311503 TI - Biomedical engineering--priorities for research in external aids. PMID- 7311504 TI - A study of dexamethasone receptor protein in human gliomas. PMID- 7311505 TI - Patterns of epidermal cell polarity in healing open wounds. PMID- 7311506 TI - Portal venous-total hepatic flow ratio by radionuclide angiography. PMID- 7311507 TI - The detection of unipolar and bipolar cardiac electrograms with a movable coaxial electrode. PMID- 7311508 TI - The Kock ileostomy reservoir: an experimental study of the value of reservoir fixation in improving valve stability and facilitating catheterization. PMID- 7311509 TI - Liver cell membrane alterations during hemorrhagic shock in the rat. PMID- 7311510 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis--a major recent advance for high-risk patients. PMID- 7311511 TI - Clemastine fumarate in the treatment of urticaria. PMID- 7311513 TI - Medical care in the '80s: health maintenance organizations. PMID- 7311514 TI - Indications and contraindications for exercise testing. PMID- 7311512 TI - Post tubal ligation syndrome or iatrogenic hydrosalpinx. PMID- 7311515 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conference summary--Cesarean childbirth. PMID- 7311516 TI - EKG of the month. (1) Muscular tremor (simulating atrial flutter); (2) Inferior lateral infarction probably evolving, with strictly posterior component. PMID- 7311517 TI - Public Health Report--Tennessee hemophilia program. PMID- 7311519 TI - Medical care in the '80s. The new role for government and health in the 1980s. PMID- 7311518 TI - Scoliosis associated with tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 7311521 TI - EKG of the month: myocardial infarction. PMID- 7311522 TI - CAT scan of the month: xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. PMID- 7311523 TI - Emergency medical service: advances in the care of amputated parts. PMID- 7311524 TI - Child restraint. PMID- 7311520 TI - Diabetes Clinical Care Conference. Hyperlipoproteinemia in diabetes. PMID- 7311526 TI - Synthesis and mass spectrometric analysis of hexahydrogenated products of aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone. PMID- 7311525 TI - Metabolism of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione by human placental microsomes. Enzyme properties and kinetic parameters in the formation of estrogens and 17 beta hydroxy-1,4-androstadien-3-one. PMID- 7311527 TI - Affinity cytochemistry visualizes specific estrogen binding sites on the plasma membrane of breast cancer cells. PMID- 7311528 TI - The effect of endogenous angiotensin on the biosynthesis of aldosterone in the rat. PMID- 7311529 TI - Luminescent immunoassay (LIA) of cortisol--2. Development and validation of the immunoassay monitored by chemiluminescence. PMID- 7311530 TI - Isolation and characterization of a new steroid 3 alpha-hydroxy-17-methyl-18-nor 5 beta-androst-13(17)-ene-16-one occurring in human urine. PMID- 7311531 TI - Inhibition of cholesterol conversion to pregnenolone in submitochondrial particles from bovine adrenal cortex and bovine and human placenta by benzidine derivatives. PMID- 7311532 TI - Job characteristics and drinking practices in the Boston Metropolitan Area. PMID- 7311533 TI - Alcoholism and criminality. Confounding and differentiating factors. PMID- 7311534 TI - Relationship of cerebral ventricular size to alcoholics' performance on the Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. PMID- 7311535 TI - Neuropsychological changes in recovering men alcoholics. PMID- 7311536 TI - MMPI-based personality subtypes of alcoholics. Relationships to drinking history, psychometrics and neuropsychological deficits. PMID- 7311537 TI - Interpersonal functioning of alcoholism counselors and treatment outcome. PMID- 7311539 TI - The role of tourism in measures of alcohol consumption, alcohol availability and alcoholism. PMID- 7311538 TI - Ethnicity, distilled spirits consumption and mortality in Pennsylvania. PMID- 7311540 TI - Personality disorder, social adjustment and treatment outcome in alcoholics. PMID- 7311541 TI - Behavioral--chemical treatment of alcoholism: an outcome replication. PMID- 7311542 TI - Effect of ethanol on the isolated, blood-perfused canine pancreas. PMID- 7311544 TI - Anthropological research. Its relevance to the treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction. PMID- 7311543 TI - Nonmedical treatment of alcoholism with emetic drugs and disulfiram in Brazil. PMID- 7311545 TI - Alcoholism as a folk disease. The paradox of beliefs and choice of therapy in an urban American community. PMID- 7311547 TI - The alcoholic patient as an ethnographic domain. The anthropologist's role in the therapeutic process. PMID- 7311546 TI - The role of anthropology in interdisciplinary research on Indian alcoholism and treatment outcome. PMID- 7311548 TI - Social networks of alcoholics. PMID- 7311549 TI - Tobacco use in Micronesia. A preliminary discussion. PMID- 7311550 TI - The primary and secondary prevention of cancer. AB - Prevention of cancer is now divided into primary and secondary prevention. Primary prevention is that set of interventions that keeps a cancerous process from ever developing and includes health counseling and education, environmental controls. and product safety as examples. Secondary prevention is that set of interventions leading to the discovery and control of cancerous or precancerous processes while localized, i.e., screening, early detection, and effective treatment. Risk is lifelong for all, though it may vary in intensity among different groups. Jointly, primary and secondary prevention must be synthesized into optimum life time strategies that are best understood and evaluated under certain basic concepts of the epidemiology of cancer and operations research. The purpose of this report is to provide a brief review of these concepts applied to primary and secondary prevention of human cancer. Improved understanding of these concepts is essential for planning, implementation, and evaluation of prevention programs. PMID- 7311551 TI - Endocrine ablation in breast cancer patients who have failed cytotoxic therapy. AB - Between 1972 and 1979, forty-six women underwent endocrine ablative surgery, having failed combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery (including oophorectomy). All had clinically measurable disease; nearly half were afflicted with bone pain. Each was judged to be a candidate for the procedure by estrogen receptor studies (52%), response to L-dopa (39%), or response to prior oophorectomy (8%). All were followed to their death or to the present, with a minimum of 12 months for those alive. Thirty-one (67%) were improved, and disease was arrested in five (11%) for a median time of 13.5 months. There was no difference in response rates or intervals between estrogen receptor-positive and L-dopa-positive groups. Response was not correlated with disease-free interval or menopausal status. Best results were achieved in those with metastases confined to an organ system, particularly the skeletal complex. The procedure is withheld in those with brain metastases. Postablative chemotherapy appeared to prolong the control interval, though numbers are small. The low morbidity and mortality (one death) of midline adrenaloophorectomy combined with the high incidence of recapture of disease leads us to recommend this procedure in appropriately selected patients who have previously failed other therapeutic modalities. PMID- 7311552 TI - Purification of antigens from urine of a sarcoma patient by affinity chromatography. PMID- 7311553 TI - Regional chemotherapy via the pulmonary artery for pulmonary metastases. AB - Regional chemotherapy with Adriamycin via the pulmonary artery produces significantly higher tissue levels in the infused canine lobe than systemic administration. Seven patients with soft tissue sarcomas who had received the maximum dose of Adriamycin and had shown metastatic tumor recurrence to the lungs, received small doses of 10 to 20 mg of Adriamycin in the lobar arteries supplying areas with tumor via a Swan-Ganz catheter, temporarily occluding with its inflated balloon the infused artery. One partial objective regression was noted. A total of 56 injections of Adriamycin was given through individual lobar arteries in the seven patients. This preliminary experience indicates the feasibility and relative safety of the use of the pulmonary artery for regional chemotherapy of pulmonary malignant tumors and suggests further cautious exploration of this method. PMID- 7311554 TI - Ethmoid sinus adenocarcinoma metastatic to breast. PMID- 7311555 TI - Ovarian carcinoma complicated by gastric outlet obstruction. PMID- 7311557 TI - Biliary cystadenocarcinoma: report of a case presenting with osseous metastasis and a review of the literature. AB - Biliary cystadenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy, and osseous metastasis resulting from this tumor have been recorded in only one of the 19 documented cases in the literature. The case report of this 59-year-old male is unusual in that the patient's initial clinical manifestations of the disease were that of osseous metastases, while the primary tumor eluded discovery for greater than 1 year. Although this is the first documented case in which radiation and chemotherapy were used to control the disease, the use of these agents may have contributed to the delay in establishing the primary site of the tumor. The clinical and pathologic features of this and the previously reported cases are reviewed with an emphasis on the newer diagnostic modalities being used in more recent cases to establish the diagnosis for this tumor. PMID- 7311556 TI - Exploratory thoracotomy on a patient with previous malignancy--"metastasis" or "new primary" or "unrelated lesion". AB - Surgical resection of a solitary pulmonary metastasis is an established procedure. A medical generation ago when such a shadow appeared on chest roentgenogram of a patient who had known cancer elsewhere in body, it was assumed to be "metastasis" from an extrathoracic site. With increasing advances in knowledge, the occurrence of second primary or new lesion is now no more curiosity in clinical practice. To one's surprise, the lesions that are assumed to be metastatic have often turned out to be "fresh" lesion or even unrelated benign, granulomatous, inflammatory, or parasitic lesion. This paper analyses 66 patients during a period of 20 years who underwent thoracotomy for such solitary pulmonary lesions, and emphasizes the role of diagnostic-cum-therapeutic thoracotomy in such a clinical situation where in prethoracotomy tissue diagnosis is not forthcoming. PMID- 7311558 TI - Clonal growth of normal and malignant human breast epithelia. AB - We have developed an efficient method for the growth of colonies from single breast epithelial cells derived from nonmalignant [6], primary [7], and metastatic [1] surgical specimens. The immediate sources of the cells were primary and secondary mass cultures. An enriched culture medium and fibroblast feeder layers were used. A linear relationship between the number of cells cultured and the number of colonies obtained was found. Efficiency of colony formation was higher for those derived from nonmalignant specimens (mean 24%) than those derived from malignant specimens (mean 11%). Fibroblast feeder layers increased the efficiency of colony formation and also supported extended growth of colonies. PMID- 7311559 TI - In vitro perfusion technique for investigations on the intestinal transport of water soluble substances. AB - A new method for the in vitro perfusion of isolated intestinal segments of laboratory animals is described. Everted intestinal segments are used in an "open perfusion system," and are incubated in a buffer solution containing the substrate to be absorbed as a radiolabeled compound. The solutes absorbed are removed from the serosal side in a buffer solution that is collected by a fraction collector. The technique permits studies on the mechanism and the kinetics of the intestinal transport of water soluble substances. PMID- 7311560 TI - Protein binding of methotrexate in sera from normal human beings: effect of drug concentration, pH, temperature, and storage. AB - Ultrafiltration through dialysis tubing was used to assess factors influencing methotrexate (MTX) binding to serum proteins. Determinations of percentage bound by this method either using addition of radioactive tracer or measuring absolute concentrations by radioimmunoassay were not significantly different. Likewise, similar values were obtained using equilibrium dialysis and ultracentrifugation for assessment of percentage bound. Reduction in the pH of serum from 7.9 to 7.2 resulted in a significant decrease in binding, whereas reduction in temperature from 37 to 21 degrees C resulted in a significant increase. Binding was also observed to decrease significantly in serum samples containing MTX that had been stored frozen at -20 degrees C for a month. No significant reduction in the percentage bound was observed on increasing MTX concentration from 10(-10) M until it had risen to 10(-4)--10(-3) M. Analysis at 37 degrees C of fresh sera with 10(-6) M MTX added and pH 7.4 from 19 healthy volunteers gave a mean percentage bound 46.5 +/- 2.7 (SD) with range 41.5-51.0%. No significant difference was found between males and females, and no significant linear correlations were observed between the extent of binding with serum concentrations of total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin or triglycerides, or with age. PMID- 7311564 TI - Regional cerebral and extracranial blood flow measurements in acutely and chronically implanted cats: hydrogen clearance technique. AB - A technique is described for measuring regional blood flow concomitantly in the brain and in extracranial tissues of the cat. Hydrogen clearance using the tissue polarographic electrode appears to be a useful technique for intermittent measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in relatively small areas. H2 was administered by inhalation for 10 min. Both chronic and acutely implanted electrodes were placed at different depths in the cat brain, on the surface of the cortex, and in extracranial tissues. Clearance rates in gray matter of 75 to 119 ml/min/100 g tissue have been obtained and of 11 to 14 ml/min/100 g tissue in white matter. Clearance curves have invariably been monoexponential in character in white matter and biexponential in gray matter. Successful recordings of H2 clearance curves were obtained from both chronically (up to 5 months) and acutely implanted electrodes. A new type of electrode is described. The "paperclip" electrode is placed at the surface of the cortex, has a reactive surface much greater than that of needle electrodes, thus limiting the possible variations due to vascularization differences from one local area to the next, and induces no damage to the brain tissue. To test the reliability of the technique, blood flow was measured during hypercapnia and progressive exsanguination. All electrodes indicated increased rCBF following 5-7% CO2 inhalation. A marked decrease in blood flow was seen with peripheral electrodes during exsanguination, whereas it was necessary to lower arterial blood pressure by more than 60% of the baseline value to record decreased flow in brain tissues. The constancy of response from electrodes and the lack of obvious tissue damage on dissection of the brain renders the method an adequate one. It provides highly focal recording of both CBF and extracranial flow in chronically implanted animals. PMID- 7311563 TI - Desensitization to the anticholinergic effects of atropine on isolated guinea pig ileum. AB - Guinea pig ileums in Tyrode solution develop a progressive desensitization to the effects of atropine (2-min exposure). This desensitization, followed carefully by a simplified method, is significant from the fourth hr. On the other hand, no desensitization develops to the effects of equilibrium exposure to atropine. PMID- 7311561 TI - Rapid, automated measurements of urinary protein and glucose concentrations. AB - Procedures are described for the quantitative determination of urinary protein and glucose concentrations using assay methodologies that are readily automated. Glucose was measured by the hexokinase method and protein by interaction with the dye Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250. Both assays can be performed with a centrifugal analyzer. The linear range for the glucose assay was 10-500 mg/dl, encompassing the normal range of 10-30 mg/dl for glucose in rat urine. The linear range for the protein assay was 5-45 mg/dl, necessitating dilution of the urine (normal range for rats of 100-400 mg/dl) by a factor of 10. As with many other protein assay methodologies, response to gamma globulins was less than that to albumin. The procedures described herein require only minute quantities (5-10 microliters) of sample and are sufficiently simple and rapid to be used as screening procedures. Moreover, they provide quantitative results and are more sensitive than many of the more commonly used diagnostic tests for urine protein and glucose. PMID- 7311566 TI - A new system for the continuous direct recording of blood pressure and heart rate in the conscious rat. PMID- 7311562 TI - Design for an inexpensive unit for measuring tail flick latencies. AB - A reflex action timer for use in rat tail flick tests is described. This timer utilizes a photoelectric sensor to detect reaction times accurately. It was designed to avoid the sensing groove required in some other such units, can be used as a chronometer/controller in a number of other experimental paradigms, and can be built at low cost. PMID- 7311565 TI - A comparative study of the respiratory responses to bronchoactive agents in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Respiratory responses to a variety of known bronchoactive agents were compared in anesthetized rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. Administration of 0.1 to 1.0% histamine aerosols resulted in an increase in airway resistance of 50 to 200% and a decrease in lung compliance of 30 to 80%. Aerosols of prostaglandin E2 (1 mg/ml), terbutaline (10 mg/ml), and isoproterenol (10 mg/ml) or iv aminophylline (up to 7.0 mg/kg) administered concomitantly with histamine produced a transient reversal of the histamine induced changes in both species. Since the rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys responded in a comparable manner to these bronchodilator agents, the cynomolgus monkey appears to be an additional valuable model for the evaluation of potential bronchoactive compounds. PMID- 7311567 TI - A superfusion method for the study of secretion activity of isolated cerebral and endocrine tissues. AB - This paper describes a new kind of superfusion technique that allows for the maintenance of small fragments of nervous tissue, such as of the hypothalamus and the pituitary and pineal glands, suspended in a very small perfusion chamber with a continuous flow of medium that reproduces "in vivo" conditions. Easy reproducibility; continuous flow of medium, which avoids short feedback phenomena; controlled conditions that are very close to those "in vivo" and the possibility of sequential treatments for the study of the dynamics of hormone release are some of the advantages of this method. PMID- 7311568 TI - Blood sampling by chronic cannulation technique for reliable measurements of catecholamines and other hormones in plasma of conscious rats. AB - An optimalized technique for chronic venous and arterial cannulation of rodents that permits repeated blood collections in unstressed, freely moving animals is presented. The indwelling catheter can also be used for chronic and/or acute drug administration in rats or other small laboratory animals, as well as for the recording of blood pressure and heart rate. The attachment device of minimal size is easily fixed on the head of the animals, allowing the additional implantation of a chronic cannula for intracerebral injections. No residual effects on the resting levels of plasma catecholamines (CA) were present 24-hr after surgery and anesthesia for implanting the cannula. No variations of plasma CA concentrations were observed at the different times of day examined or as a consequence of withdrawal of subsequent blood samples. Training the animals to be handled prevented the increase in plasma prolactin levels produced by decapitation; training had no influence on the decapitation-induced rises in plasma CA concentrations. PMID- 7311569 TI - Method for localized and sustained administration of drugs to the vas deferens of rats. AB - A simple method is described for constructing collars (15 mm long, 6.5 mm diameter with a central hole 2.8 mm diameter) consisting of powdered tyramine HCI dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane polymer (Silastic). Release rate was measured (1) by incubation at 37 degrees C in 100 ml of tris buffer at pH = 7.4 (in vitro) and (2) after fitting to the vasa deferentia of rats, by collection of their urine and analysis for p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (in vivo). Collars containing 50% tyramine released their load over about 7 weeks both in vivo and in vitro. The rate of release was initially linear and later proportional to (time) 1/2, these kinetics being consistent with the matrix model. The useful life of these devices is about 3 weeks since this is the period of substantial daily release. The rate of release is greater when the proportion of tyramine in the tyramine/Silastic mixture is increased (useful range = 25-50%). Release is prolonge and further localized by partly coating the collar with a layer of drug free Silastic. PMID- 7311570 TI - A simple restraining device for chronic pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies in rats. AB - The construction of a simple Plexiglas restraining device for chronically cannulated rats is described. The apparatus is ideally suited for blood sampling and the collection of urine and feces during chronic pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism studies. PMID- 7311572 TI - A simplified method for the quantification of renal artery occlusion in the production of renal hypertension. PMID- 7311571 TI - Evaluation of drug effects in a new experimental model of angina pectoris in the intact anesthetized rat. PMID- 7311573 TI - Inhibition of adrenaline-induced compensatory vagal discharge in the rat as an in vivo tool for predicting the mechanism of action of antispasmodics. PMID- 7311574 TI - The effect of electron transport on the kinetics of the manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 7311575 TI - Polyelectrolyte theory and chromatin-DNA quaternary structure: role of ionic strength and H1 histone. PMID- 7311576 TI - Is recombination advantageous in fluctuating and spatially heterogeneous environments? PMID- 7311577 TI - Optical activity and evolution. PMID- 7311578 TI - Can tumorigenesis result from in vivo "transfection' of a normal cell with DNA escaped from disintegrating nontransformed cells? PMID- 7311579 TI - The average lifetime of a population in a varying environment. PMID- 7311581 TI - A dynamic model for in vivo virus replication. PMID- 7311580 TI - Optimal design of experiments for the estimation of precise hyperbolic kinetic and binding parameters. PMID- 7311582 TI - Does sucrose space exist? PMID- 7311583 TI - A statistical model indicates that miniature end-plate potentials and unitary evoked end-plate potentials are composed of subunits. PMID- 7311584 TI - Interactions between micellar ligand systems and acceptors: forms of binding curves. PMID- 7311585 TI - A note on the choice of substrate concentration in enzyme kinetic experiments. PMID- 7311586 TI - Chemical Mutagens: Dosimetry, Haber's Rule and Linear Systems. PMID- 7311587 TI - Simultaneous sensory adaptation to light. PMID- 7311588 TI - The dynamics of an open, isothermal homogeneous, single enzyme, two substrate system. PMID- 7311590 TI - Modelling of the Vertebrate Visual system 3. Topological Analysis of the cone mosaic. PMID- 7311589 TI - Three-step food chains in Gompertz and Lotka-Volterra models. PMID- 7311591 TI - A computer simulation of the binding between flexible ligands and their polymeric receptor binding sites. PMID- 7311593 TI - The sliding filament model of muscle contraction. IV. The effect of variation of ATP concentration. PMID- 7311594 TI - Diploidy and sex as the selective advantages for retaining genes transferred from mitochondrial and plastid ancestors in the nuclear genome. PMID- 7311595 TI - Botanical remedies of South and Central America, and the Caribbean: an archival analysis. Part I. PMID- 7311592 TI - The sliding filament model of muscle contraction. III. Stability analysis and sinusoidal perturbations. PMID- 7311596 TI - Studies on medicinal plants of Sri Lanka: occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and hepatotoxic properties in some traditional medicinal herbs. AB - There is a paucity of data on the occurrence of hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants, and there are no data on the hepatotoxic properties of herbal medicines that are used in the traditional pharmacopoiea of Sri Lanka and other Asian and African countries. In view of the extensive consumption of these herbs and the occurrence of chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular cancer in this and other countries of South Asia, we have screened fifty medicinal plants for pyrrolizidine alkaloids and have obtained positive results with three species, namely Crotalaria verrucosa L., Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Br., and Cassia auriculata L. Feeding trials in rats with materials from these three species produced liver lesions--disruption of the centrilobular veins, congestion or haemorrhage in the centrilobular sinusoids, centrilobular or focal hepatocellular necrosis--and histopathology in the lungs and kidneys which were compatible with the action of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The presence of alkaloids in C. auriculata has not been previously reported nor has the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in H. antidysenterica. It is suggested that the consumption of herbal medicines that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids could contribute to the high incidence of chronic liver disease including primary hepatocellular cancer in Asian and African countries. PMID- 7311597 TI - Folk remedies as indicators of common illnesses: examples from the United States Mexico border. AB - A sample of 1235 case examples of remedios caseros (home remedies) were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the ethnopharmacological resources currently in use in Mexican American communities along the eastern end of the United States Mexico border. The data analysis confirms that there is a core group of most frequently used remedies that constitute the bulk of the home treatment of common ailments in that area. The data further indicate that there is a relatively well defined group of ailments that are considered to be more amenable to ethnopharmacological intervention than to treatment by the conventional medical system. Some of the remedios (both botanical and non-botanical) are presented, and a preliminary model of ailments that receive treatment from home remedies, as opposed to medical treatment, is proposed. PMID- 7311598 TI - Scientific evidence on the role of Ayurvedic herbals on bioavailability of drugs. AB - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the scientific basis of the use of the trikatu group of acrids (long pepper, black pepper and ginger) in the large number of prescriptions in Ayurveda. [3H] vasicine and [3H] sparteine were taken as test drugs. Piper longum (long pepper) increased the blood levels of vasicine by nearly 233%. Under the influence of piperine, the active principle of Piper species, sparteine blood levels increased more than 100%. The results suggest that these acrids have the capacity to increase the bioavailability of certain drugs. It appears that the trikatu group of drugs increase bioavailability either by promoting rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, or by protecting the drug from being metabolised/oxidised in its first passage through the liver after being absorbed, or by a combination of these two mechanisms. PMID- 7311599 TI - Ocotea quixos, American cinnamon. AB - Among the three South American Lauraceae with cinnamon odours, Ocotea quixos Lam. is distinguished with the richest historical legacy. Cinnamaldehyde, its odoriferous principle, occurs besides o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and methyl cinnamate in the fruit calyx. In contradistinction, 1-nitro-2-phenylethane is responsible for the cinnamon odour of bark and leaves of Aniba canelilla (H..B.K.) Mez and Ocotea pretiosa (Nees) Mez. PMID- 7311600 TI - Diabetic polyradiculopathy: clinical and electromyographic findings in 105 patients. PMID- 7311601 TI - Evaluation of the Del Mar Avionics automatic ambulatory blood pressure-recording device. AB - We have the opportunity to evaluate a portable ambulatory device for the recording of sequential indirect arterial blood pressure and continuous electrocardiogram (Del Mar Avionics automatic ambulatory blood pressure recording device). With careful attention to technique, only 11% of systolic and 5% of diastolic blood pressure readings differed by more than 10 mm Hg as compared with a trained technician's observations simultaneously in the same arm. The device has been useful in the evaluation of borderline (labile) hypertension, hypertensive drug therapy programs, and various episodic cardiovascular phenomena -for example, vasodepressor syncope and pheochromocytoma crises. PMID- 7311602 TI - Therapeutic experience with patients referred for "prolonged grief reaction"- some second thoughts. PMID- 7311603 TI - Statistics for clinicians. 12. Sequential methods. PMID- 7311604 TI - Spontaneous bilateral ovarian hemorrhages as a cause of premature ovarian failure. PMID- 7311605 TI - Orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 7311606 TI - One minute with diabetes. PMID- 7311607 TI - The importance of serial white-blood-cell counts on diagnostic peritoneal dialysates in blunt trauma: a preliminary report. PMID- 7311608 TI - The nurse shortage (revisited). PMID- 7311609 TI - Carcinoma of the breast: part 1, epidemiology, screening and diagnosis. PMID- 7311610 TI - Nondoctoral therapists in psychiatric outpatient clinics/part 1: training programs. PMID- 7311611 TI - Recovery room policy manual: a model. PMID- 7311612 TI - Metastatic melanoma of the vulva. PMID- 7311613 TI - Pericardial-peritoneal window for chronic pericardial effusion. PMID- 7311614 TI - Physician awareness of alcoholism among patients; a survey of the membership of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland. PMID- 7311615 TI - Sex and strain dependency of age-related changes in protein synthesis of isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - In previous studies, a decrease in protein synthesis by hepatocytes isolated from female WAG/Rij rats was observed in the first year of life, while an increase was seen in advanced age. In the present study, no change in protein synthesis in early age was found for hepatocytes isolated from male WAG/Rij and female BN/Bi rats, suggesting that the decline in protein synthesis is sex and strain dependent. In contrast, the increase in protein synthesis in advanced age could be demonstrated with hepatocytes from male WAG/Rij and female BN/Bi rats and therefore seems to be independent of strain and sex. The increase in protein synthesis in advanced age could be attributed to increased excretion of protein in the urine. PMID- 7311616 TI - Effect of age on the in vitro glucocorticoid-binding activity of rat adipocytes. PMID- 7311617 TI - An immunological hypothesis for plasma protein catabolism. AB - A selective mechanism of plasma protein catabolism is suggested, based on three main assumptions: (1) plasma proteins are submitted to molecular ageing thus achieving "modified" forms after a given time period; (2) the system recognizing the "modified" molecules consists of preformed physiological autoantibodies; (3) the elimination of the immune complexes formed between "modified" proteins and the corresponding autoantibodies takes place via binding to Fc receptor bearing cells. PMID- 7311618 TI - Decreased protein synthesis by polysomes, tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases isolated from senescent rat liver. AB - A cell-free in vitro protein-synthesizing system isolated from adult(10-13-month) and senescent(24-30-month) female Wistar rat liver is described. Optimal concentrations of polysomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, tRNA, Mg 2+, K+, and labeled amino acids are reported for this in vitro system. Both are rate and extent of protein synthesis are lower with the system from senescent liver compared to that from adult liver. Senescent polysomes, tRNA synthetases, and tRNA all contribute to this decrease. Free adult or senescent polysomes support protein synthesis to the same extent. However, compared to adult polysomes, senescent membrane-bound polysomes support less protein synthesis and account for an increased proportion of the total polysome fraction. Ribonuclease and protease activities are low in the adult and the senescent in vitro systems and do not account for the decreased protein synthesis with the latter. PMID- 7311619 TI - Modeling cellular systems and aging processes: I. Mathematics of cell system models-a review. AB - A review of the literature on mathematical models of populations of cellular systems is presented. Continuous, discrete, and stochastic models are presented in a semihistorical manner as a prelude to answering the question of how to model an asynchronously dividing cellular system. This analysis is then broadened, in an attempt to broach the more general question of modeling the distribution of a set or collection of cell properties through an asynchronously dividing cellular system. Such properties might be cell motility, cell cycle length, time to mitosis, or number of epigenetic particles. It is shown that one fruitful approach to this modeling question is a coupled continuous-probabilistic model. The ramifications of this type of formalism are discussed. PMID- 7311620 TI - Age-related increases in mitogenic responses and natural immunity to a syngeneic fibrosarcoma in rats. AB - An increase in natural (innate) immunity with age (through 65 weeks) of NBR rats to a syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCA) is described. This increase is characterized by the appearance of spontaneous tumor regressor animals and an increase in the incidence of tumor non-takes by rats 45 weeks of age and older when compared to younger animals. Age-related changes were observed in the in vitro proliferative responses of normal unfractionated and nylon wool fractionated spleen cells to Con A, PHA and irradiated MCA tumor cells. Certain of these different proliferative responses either increased and/or decreases independently at different ages. Relative to normal spleen cell proliferative responses, tumor progressors have decreased proliferative responses and tumor regressors display increased proliferative responses. The significance of this in light of current aging research is discussed. PMID- 7311621 TI - Regulation of proliferation of fibroblasts of low and high population doubling levels grown in collagen lattices. AB - While IMR 90 and AG 1519 fibroblasts of low and high population doubling levels grow to confluency when plated on plastic surfaces, they cease to divide within four days when incorporated into collagen lattices. Growth inhibition in the lattices is not due to exhaustion of the medium or isotope, or to contact inhibition; nor is it due to impermeability of the lattice to the materials in the medium. While cells in a lattice arrest in G0, this state is reversible when cells are permitted to leave the lattice and populate a plastic substrate. We conclude that fibroblasts in tissue-like lattices may be responsive to some of the same controls as cells in connective tissues. PMID- 7311622 TI - Molecular basis for the accumulation of acidic isozymes of triosephosphate isomerase on aging. AB - Triosephosphate isomerase exhibits acidic electrophoretic subforms in many tissues and these isozymes appear to increase during aging of erythrocytes and the eye lens. Incubation of the pure enzyme under mild alkaline conditions results in the generation of acidic forms which are identical to those found in vivo. Structural analysis of these isozymes from both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that they are the result of deamidation of two specific asparagines (Asn-15 and Asn-71). These labile asparagines are located in the subunit-subunit contact sites, and the deamidations introduce a total of four new negative charges in the contact site. The positions of the new aspartic acid residues are juxtaposed, thus creating charge-charge interactions which cause the dimeric enzyme to dissociate more readily. These studies (1) explain the molecular basis for the acidic isozymes observed in many tissues, (2) show that the deamination process is spontaneous and requires no intrinsic cell factors, (3) show that the deamination occurs in a sequential fashion with the deamidation of Asn-71 preceding the deamidation of Asn-15, and (4) suggest that proteolytic degradation processes may become altered during aging resulting in the accumulation of the deamidated intermediates of the normal catabolic process. PMID- 7311623 TI - A new murine model of accelerated senescence. AB - Five senescence-prone series of mice (P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4 and P-5) and three senescence-resistant series (R-1, R-2 and R-3) were obtained by continuous sister brother breeding from five original litters of AKR mice with severe deterioration, and the three original litters of AKR mice with normal aging, respectively. A grading score system was adopted to evaluate the degree of senescence of these mice and a steady and irreversible increase in this grading score was seen with advancing age in both the R and P series. The high grading score in the P series was due to an earlier onset of loss of passivity and reactivity, loss of skin glossiness and increased coarseness, hair loss, periophthalmic lesions, increased lordokyphosis of the spine and a more marked increase in their severity with advancing age as compared to the R series. Among the P series, P-2 showed a 100% incidence of systemic amyloidosis after 6 months of age and P-3 a 70% incidence of cataract over 16 months of age. The life span in the P series was shortened by about 26% of that of the R series. In view of the evidence obtained from the survivors, the growth rate and Gompertz function, the aging pattern in the P series was considered to be an acceleration of senescence. The P series has been named "SAM" ("Senescence Accelerated Mouse"). PMID- 7311624 TI - Relationship between in vivo mitomycin C exposure, sister chromatid exchange induction and in vitro mitogenic proliferation. I. Development of murine splenic cell system. AB - In vivo administration of mitomycin C (MMC) to C57BL/6J mice induced a rapid, initial suppression (24 hours post injection) of in vitro mitogenesis. This was followed by of the mitogen concentration-response curves were found of the three mitogens, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, but not for lipopolysaccharide. By 144 hours post injection, the dose-response curves and magnitude of the responses had returned to approximately control (untreated) levels. This approach provides a model system for the functional assessment of in vivo cellular damage by MMC. PMID- 7311625 TI - Relationship between in vivo mitomycin C exposure, sister chromatid exchange induction and in vitro mitogenic proliferation. II. Effect of aging on spleen cell mitogenesis and sister chromatid exchange induction. AB - In vivo administration of mitomycin C (MMC) produces an increase in both the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) as well as inhibition of in vitro mitogenic responses. At low concentrations of MMC (2 mg/kg) spleen cell suspensions from both young and old mice showed similar patterns of mitogen inhibition and increased SCE frequencies. At high MMC concentrations (5 mg/kg) significant differences between young and old responses were observed. Spleen cells from young animals displayed mitogen-inhibition curves which plateaued with increasing doses of MMC, while the cells from old animals displayed a continuing increase in mitogenic inhibition. MMC-induced SCE frequencies revealed a complementary pattern: increasing SCE frequencies as a function of MMC concentration in young spleen cells while SCE levels plateaued in old spleen cell populations. The results of these studies suggest (1) that an inverse relationship exists between sister chromatid exchange induction and mitogenic response, (2) that cells from older animals may have an increased sensitivity to high levels of DNA damage (5 mg/kg MMC), and (3) that this sensitivity may be expressed functionally by increased inhibition of in vitro mitogenic responses. PMID- 7311626 TI - Purkinje nerve cell changes caused by electric fields - ultrastructural studies on long-term effects on rabbits. AB - Albino rabbits exposed to E-field (50 Hz AC, 14 kV/m, undisturbed field) from foetal life period "in utero" up to 7.5 weeks postnatally gained only about half the weight of controls reared in a Faraday's cage or outside measurable E-field. The Purkinje nerve cells in the cerebellum of E-field-exposed rabbits were reduced in size and the number of Nissl's bodies was reduced, as were the profiles of endoplasmic reticulum. A new structure, not observed in the controls, appeared in large numbers, namely, lamellar bodies concomitant with loss of hypolemmal cisterns. These structures were shown to be derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. The structural changes observed are interpreted as reflecting effects of exposure to an E-field. PMID- 7311627 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of the abortive effect of 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. AB - Administration of repeated large doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)(100 mg/kg) to pregnant rats causes a 75% decrease in the litter size, which is accounted for a corresponding increase in the number of foetuses resorbed or stillborn. Guanethidine, which like 6-OHDA, causes a prolonged sympathectomy did not interfere with the course of the pregnancy nor did bethanidine which interferes with sympathetic transmission without causing ultrastructural damage. When 6-OHDA was given only prior to mating the abortive effect was no longer present, even though the concentration of noradrenaline in the peripheral sympathetic nerves was reduced for the entire duration of the pregnancy. The reported alpha adrenoreceptor blocking effects of 6-OHDA are not exclusively responsible for the abortive effect, since injection of sympathectomised rats with phentolamine (10 mg/kg) had no abortive effect. There were normal concentrations of noradrenaline in the brains of pups born to mothers treated during pregnancy with 6-OHDA. Whether the same is true of those foetuses resorbed, remains unresolved. It seems likely that the abortive effect is not related to the depletion of noradrenaline but is due to other effects of 6-OHDA. PMID- 7311628 TI - Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by blood platelets incubated in plasma from rats and humans treated with amitriptyline and imipramine. AB - Blood platelets and [3H]-5HT ([3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine) were incubated in plasma samples taken from rats and humans treated with tricyclic antidepressants. The inhibition of 5-HT uptake detected in plasma was used as a bioassay of the drug concentration, and this was compared with gas chromatographic (GC) measurements of the same samples. With rats 5-HT uptake inhibition in plasma was studied one hour after five different doses of imipramine or amitriptyline i.p., and the time course of uptake inhibition was studied from plasma samples taken 1, 2, 3 and 6 hours after injecting 10 mg/kg imipramine in to rats. Under long-term treatment, uptake inhibition was studied in samples taken from 20 patients treated with amitriptyline for 2 weeks or longer. In the samples with tricyclics, within the therapeutic range as detected by GC, the uptake inhibition was well over 50%. Bioassay based on uptake inhibition gave higher apparent results than did GC. The demethylated derivatives of the tricyclics, which were also measured by GC, did not explain the discrepancy. Thus, it is possible that other active metabolites formed in vivo also contribute to uptake inhibition. PMID- 7311629 TI - Neurotensin as a gastrointestinal hormone. PMID- 7311630 TI - Gallstone formation in guinea pigs under different dietary conditions. Effect of vitamin C on bile acid pattern. AB - Guinea pigs formed gallstones when fed chow supplemented with cholesterol and cholic acid. Although the stones contained little or no cholesterol the changes in biliary bile acid and lipid composition were similar to those observed in other rodents under conditions of cholesterol gallstone formation. Addition of cholestyramine to chow had a midly lithogenic effect. Hypovitaminosis C in animals given cholesterol and cholic acid resulted in an increase of the cholesterol content of the gallstones. The composition of biliary bile acids was markedly changed. Reductive formation of deoxycholic acid decreased and oxidative formation of ketonic bile acid increased. The results show that vitamin C may influence the redox state of the intestinal microorganisms microorganisms responsible for these conversions. PMID- 7311631 TI - Changes in the magnesium content of tissues following myocardial damage in rats. AB - The magnesium content of blood, heart and striated muscle, liver, spleen, kidney and bone was determined in rats, 15, 30 and 60 minutes, 6 and 24 hours after isoprenaline induced myocardial damage. The magnesium concentration increased significantly in the serum (but not in the red cells) in the first three groups of animals, while the magnesium concentration of heart muscle fell in all groups. There was no evidence of magnesium flux in the other tissues. PMID- 7311632 TI - Changeable phenotypic expression of HLA type. PMID- 7311633 TI - Determination and differentiation of the nephron. PMID- 7311634 TI - Use of ambulatory medical care by the poor: another look at equity. AB - Access to health services by the poor and other disadvantaged groups has improved considerably over the past 15 years. These circumstances have led some to question whether the poor now have equal access to health care. This article presents recent evidence from the 1976-78 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) comparing utilization among age, race, and income groups. Without adjustment for health status, the poor have more physician visits than those with higher incomes. After adjusting for age and health status, however, these differences are reversed. Depending on which measure is used, the poor have between 7 per cent and 44 per cent fewer visits than those with income above twice the poverty level. Furthermore, the age- and health-adjusted data show blacks have significantly fewer visits than their white counterparts. In addition, there are large differences among race and income groups in the characteristics of the ambulatory care obtained. Blacks and the poor are much more likely to use hospital clinics and less likely to use private physician offices or telephone consultations. The poor also receive less preventive care. It would appear from the present evidence that still further progress is required to achieve the goal of equity in the distribution of medical care services. PMID- 7311635 TI - Improving hospital discharge data: lessons from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. AB - The most recent study by the Institute of Medicine of the reliability of hospital discharge data abstracted from patients' medical records documents the continuing presence of a substantial level of imprecision and error, affirming the findings of earlier studies. The most obvious factors leading to unreliability stem from inadequacies in the face sheets of medical records. Significant improvements could be attained if the discharge summary were routinely used to abstract information on patient disposition and principal diagnosis and if the operative report were routinely used to abstract information on principal procedure. Additional recommendations are offered for developmental activities intended to improve the designation of diagnosis, diagnostic classification schemes and hospital medical records systems. PMID- 7311636 TI - Hospital medical staff organization and quality of care: results for myocardial infarction and appendectomy. AB - This article examines the relationships among hospital structural characteristics, individual physician characteristics, medical staff organization characteristics and quality of care for two conditions: acute myocardial infarction and appendicitis. Using data obtained from the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities (CPHA), approximately 50,000 acute myocardial infarction cases and 8,183 appendectomy cases collected from 96 hospitals in the East North Central Region of the country (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin) were examined. These data were merged with medical staff organization and related data on hospital characteristics obtained from the American Hospital Association. The results indicate that such medical staff organization factors as involvement of the medical staff president with the hospital governing board, overall physician participation in hospital decision making, frequency of medical staff committee meetings and percentage of active staff physicians on contract are positively associated with higher quality-of care outcomes, independent of the effects of hospital and physician characteristics. Further, the medical staff organization factors appear to be somewhat more strongly associated with higher quality-of-care outcomes than the hospital and physician characteristics. For acute myocardial infarction, higher volume of patients treated per family practitioner and internist and presence of a coronary care unit were also associated with better outcomes. Given the restricted number of conditions studied, the geographically limited sample and the fact that specific variables were not consistently related to quality of care for both conditions, the results area viewed as preliminary. However, they are consistent with and extend other developing findings in this area. They also suggest that more attention needs to be given to the organization of the hospital medical staff and its articulation with the overall hospital decision-making structure and process in attempts to improve outcomes of hospitalization. PMID- 7311637 TI - Noninvestigational use of unapproved drugs--experience from the Scandinavian countries. AB - In the Scandinavian countries it is possible to use unapproved drugs for treatment purposes with special permission from the drug control authorities (individual licenses). The Scandinavian practice and the problems connected with it are described. The basic principle underlying the laws and regulations has been and is the same in each country: unapproved drugs should be used only in exceptional cases for special reasons. However, the practice has become different: many individual licenses have been granted, giving physicians much greater opportunity to prescribe drugs of their choice than the apparently tight Scandinavian licensing laws and practices would suggest. The great number of individual licenses has become an administrative problem and has also undermined the principle underlying the law. PMID- 7311638 TI - Screening for noncompliance among patients with hypertension: is self-report the best available measure? AB - The substantial prevalence of noncompliance with drugs in populations of patients with treated hypertension suggests that a reliable, clinically applicable screening test for this behavior is needed. Among employed white males, patient response to a nonjudgmental clinician inquiry has been reported to be highly predictive of noncompliance when positive but relatively insensitive (40 per cent). We assessed the performance of patient self-report in a demographically different population and confirmed the generalizability of prior observations. A compound decision rule combining blood pressure and verbal inquiry observations, however, had higher sensitivity (83 per cent) for noncompliance in our population than self-report alone (55 per cent) and could be considered for use when the prevalence of noncompliance among uncontrolled hypertensives is sufficiently high. Because 40 per cent of well-controlled hypertensives in our test population were noncompliant by pill-count, a question is raised regarding the need for "stepping down" drug therapy in some individuals under treatment for high blood pressure. PMID- 7311639 TI - Mode of payment as a predictor of health status, use of health services and preventive health behavior: a report from the Los Angeles Health Survey. AB - Several issues relevant to Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) were examined in this article using data collected from the Los Angeles Health Survey. No support was found for the hypothesis that HMOs disproportionately attract people in poorer health. In fact, HMO members actually reported lower rates of acute or occasional illness and disability than fee-for-service subscribers (FFS). HMO members also reported lower total family incomes and educational status than FFS subscribers and they were less likely to report having a regular doctor. Few differences were found between the two groups in reports of using health services and practicing preventive health behavior. However, HMO members were more likely to report a recent physical examination--but only after taking into account the fact that they were less likely to have a regular doctor. It has been shown that these findings are consistent with recent evidence, and serve to amplify serveral key findings reported in other studies. PMID- 7311640 TI - [Pre- and peroperative studies in the indications and surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7311641 TI - [Gastric heterotopy of the cystic duct. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7311642 TI - [Action of Poly-Karaya in functional colopathies. Results of a multicenter study of 114 patients]. PMID- 7311643 TI - [The colon, a natural reservoir for candidiasis. Therapeutic conclusions]. PMID- 7311644 TI - [Chenodeoxycholic acid and the Vichy cure]. PMID- 7311645 TI - [Comparative study of Kaologeais and Smectite in the treatment of colopathies]. PMID- 7311646 TI - [Acute poisoning: study of 673 cases]. PMID- 7311647 TI - [The complement system in mixed essential cryoglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311648 TI - [Fever of unknown origin: true dimensions of the diagnostic problem (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311649 TI - [Diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasonography in fever of unknown origin. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311651 TI - [Cerebral moya-moya disease with bilateral kidney infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311650 TI - [Hemoglobin A1 in the control of pregnant diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311652 TI - [Effectiveness of 2 methods of isolation of common antigen of enterobacteriaceae (CAE)]. PMID- 7311653 TI - [Biochemical properties and differentiation of Vibrionaceae isolated from water and water-oil emulsion]. PMID- 7311654 TI - [Evaluation of nutrient culture media for isolation and growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum]. PMID- 7311655 TI - [Characteristics of Ureaplasma urealyticum strains isolated from patients with inflammation of the urogenital tract]. PMID- 7311656 TI - [Inhibition of Newcastle disease virus synthesis by ethyl ester of 2-(4 chlorophenoxy) isobutyric acid]. PMID- 7311657 TI - Is diarrhoea a major cause of cataract in some tropical countries? PMID- 7311658 TI - Evaluation of trabeculectomy in buphthalmos. PMID- 7311659 TI - Fundus complications in meningitis. PMID- 7311660 TI - Plasma zinc levels in high myopia and retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7311661 TI - Eye manifestations in beta-thalassaemia major. PMID- 7311662 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa in the Navajo. PMID- 7311664 TI - Local reaction to subconjunctival injections of MER/BCG. PMID- 7311665 TI - [Asbestosis health control during 1976-1980. Unexpected findings among 62.000 examined elderly subjects]. PMID- 7311663 TI - Genetic studies of congenital cataract. PMID- 7311666 TI - [Safer health care through analysis and studies of the patients' insurance charts]. PMID- 7311667 TI - [Malaria - 5 years' material fran Malmo and Stockholm]. PMID- 7311668 TI - [Airway obstruction in sleeping children caused by tonsillar hyperplasia]. PMID- 7311669 TI - [Cancer of the oral cavity in relation to smoking, AHH-inducibility and oral health]. PMID- 7311670 TI - [Prenatal cardiotocographic changes in an infant with uncertain gestational age]. PMID- 7311671 TI - [Esophageal ulcerations in children induced by cetiprin]. PMID- 7311673 TI - [Who has the responsibility for the unborn?]. PMID- 7311672 TI - [Value of hemoglobin A1 determination in patients with type II diabetes mellitus registered at a treatment center]. PMID- 7311674 TI - [Can we trust the results from laboratories?]. PMID- 7311675 TI - [Range of diseases at a public pediatric clinic in Saudi Arabia]. PMID- 7311676 TI - [New weight and height tables for Swedish middle aged and elderly men and women]. PMID- 7311677 TI - [Symptom poor defects after severe brain injuries]. PMID- 7311678 TI - [Neontal infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes]. PMID- 7311679 TI - [Water intoxication]. PMID- 7311680 TI - [Rereduction of unstable distal radius fractures. Transfixation therapy with Kirschner wires and plaster]. PMID- 7311681 TI - Perceptual characteristics of female voices. PMID- 7311682 TI - [The myoarchitecture of the pylorus (author's transl)]. AB - The gastric pylorus is not a constricting sphincter but a valve closing on distension, resembling the situation in the lower esophageal sphincter. Both contiguous segments (stomach and duodenum) are able to regulate its function physiologically allowing also some degree of reflux. PMID- 7311683 TI - [The use of fibrin tissue adhesive in parenchymal organs of the abdomen. An experimental study in rabbits and dogs (author's transl)]. AB - In rabbits and dogs standardized lesions of the liver, kidney, and spleen were treated by application of human fibrinogen tissue adhesive. In all cases this procedure resulted in a complete control of bleeding as well as a stable and lasting closure of the wounds. During the postoperative observation time of one month, the fibrinogen tissue adhesive was initially infiltrated by leucocytes and macrophages and subsequently resorbed by a granulating tissue, characterized by the early appearance of numerous fibroblasts. Our clinical experience, until now, confirms these promising experimental results. PMID- 7311684 TI - [Wound healing of liver and kidney after repeated thermocoagulation (author's transl)]. AB - Two focal thermolesions were made on rats liver and kidney at an interval of 4 weeks, and comparative histological and cell kinetic studies were performed on the wound healing process after a single and repeated thermolesion(s). The wound healing after the thermolesion took place very gradually. An active granulation tissue was found till the 4th--5th week after the thermolesion. The resorption of the necrotic carbonized material was particularly difficult. Only after 6--8 weeks did the fibrous scarring start. The histological analysis of the granulation tissue and of the scar tissue showed no significant difference in cell components and cell density after the single and after the double thermolesion(s). Autoradiographically, however, it was shown that the proliferation maximum of fibroblasts in the granulation tissue and of mesenchymal cells in the surrounding uninjured tissues after the double thermolesions occurred 24 h later than after the single thermolesion. Furthermore, the labelling index of the fibroblasts in the granulation tissue was lower after double lesions than after the single lesion. Once the scar tissue was formed, there was no significant difference between the labelling indices of mesenchymal cells after single and double lesions. By the present study it was suggested that delayed wound healing after thermolesions may be caused by decreased proliferation activity of mesenchymal cells, combined with delayed resorption of carbonized material. An implication of altered T cell system in the delayed wound healing was also discussed. PMID- 7311685 TI - [Esophagus replacement by an isoperistaltic gastric tube (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 patients the esophagus was replaced by an isoperistaltic gastric tube. Cervical esophagogastrostomy was performed. Postoperatively motility, histology, gastric secretion, and emptying time of the gastric tube were investigated. The esophageal replacement showed residual motility, pyloric motility, atrophic gastritis, decreased basal and stimulated secretion and normal emptying time, except in two patients. There were no essential drawbacks in function of the intrathoracic gastric tube. Patients with esophagectomy are comparable to patients with partial gastrectomy. PMID- 7311687 TI - [Hemodynamics of the gastroduodenal circulation (author's transl)]. AB - The regional blood flow of the dog's stomach and upper part of the duodenum is measured by radioactive microspheres. A complete surgical interruption of vascular connections between antrum and corpus changes blood flow distribution, as measured 2 weeks after operation. We find a significant fall of flow to the mucosa of the corpus and the muscular layer of the antrum. Mucosa and muscularis of the canine stomach are supplied by different sources: The arteries of the muscularis, which show extramural origin, are mainly supplied by the left gastric vessels. The gastric mucosa--even of the corpus--shows main blood supply from the arteries of the gastroduodenal region. Gastric secretion shows normal response on stimulation by Pentagastrin. Thus an accidental vagotomy is excluded as a possible cause of the registered flow changes. The effect of Pentagastrin on the gastroduodenal circulation is interpreted an an occlusion of arteriovenous shunts. PMID- 7311686 TI - [Quantification of duodenogastric reflux in patients with different gastric resections (author's transl)]. AB - The duodenogastric reflux was measured quantitatively in patients with classic gastric resections (Billroth I, Billroth II with and without enteroanastomosis) as well as in patients without gastric operations. A total of 43 patients with gastric resection and 6 without gastric operation were studied. Patients operated according to B II without Braun's enteroanastomosis (n = 10) had a bile reflux of 50.4 +/- 4.1% (SEM) during the study. Patients having been operated according to B II- and Braun's-enteroanastomosis (n = 15) and those having undergone B I operation (n = 17) had a duodenogastric reflux of 21.5 +/- 3.7% (SEM) and 23.1 +/ 3.5% (SEM), respectively. In 6 control subjects without gastric operation bile reflux into the stomach averaged 0.5 +/- 0.4% (SEM). PMID- 7311688 TI - [Intraoperative mural pressure measurements in the papilla of Vater (author's transl)]. AB - The mural pressure in the papilla of Vater was measured in fifteen patients with benign stenosis of the papilla of Vater and in fifteen patients with normal papillary function by intraoperative water manometry. There was a zone of high pressure in the papilla of a few millimeters. The mural pressure in normal papillary function ws much higher than in papillary stenosis. There was only a tiny difference of pressure in functional and in fibrotic stenoses. Functional stenoses showed a non-linear pressure-diameter relationship when extended by probes of increasing diameter. Fibrotic stenoses could not be probed or could only be probed minimally. It is concluded that high mural pressures in the papilla of Vater do not represent pathologic papillary function. Functional and fibrotic stenoses can only be differentiated by probing. PMID- 7311690 TI - Kveim test in leprosy: a clinical and histopathological evaluation. PMID- 7311689 TI - Qualitative studies of serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in leprosy. PMID- 7311691 TI - Leprosy in the Cape Verde Islands. PMID- 7311692 TI - [Medical study in Osijek and Split (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311693 TI - [Development of blood donating in Croatia]. PMID- 7311694 TI - [On transmission of hepatitis by blood transfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311695 TI - [Blood transfusion incidents and preventive measures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311696 TI - [The possibility of blood component therapy in Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311697 TI - [Blood and blood components therapy in oncological patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311698 TI - [Our results in directed blood transfusion therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311699 TI - [Some observations on tattooing and the incidence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the population (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311700 TI - [An epidemiological study of cerebrovascular insults based on autopsy findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311701 TI - [Skin changes in patients on regular dialysis treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311702 TI - [Plasma and hemofiltrate composition in patients with chronic kidney failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311703 TI - [Lung abscesses in patients on haemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311704 TI - [Iridopexy in perforative eye injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311706 TI - [An investigation of the pharmacokinetic properties of talampicillin and ampicillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311707 TI - [Some statistical data on the epidemiology of bronchopulmonary carcinoma in the Trieste region (1973-1977) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311708 TI - [The importance of movements for normal growth and development in the prevention of dysplastic deformations and for early treatment of luxative anomalous hip (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311705 TI - [The role of minoxidil therapy in severe and refractory hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 7311709 TI - Selective killing of Leishmania infected mouse macrophages by 6-methylpurine 2' deoxyriboside. PMID- 7311710 TI - Effect of reduced atmospheric pressure and fasting on transferrin synthesis in the rat. PMID- 7311711 TI - Developmental changes in the characteristics of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation system in rat liver. PMID- 7311712 TI - Chronic hypertension increases tyrosine transport across the blood-brain barrier in the rat. PMID- 7311713 TI - Decreased muscarinic binding sites in small intestine from mice treated with neostigmine. PMID- 7311714 TI - Effects of early neonatal thyroxine treatment on development of the thyroid and adrenal axes in rats. PMID- 7311715 TI - Determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. PMID- 7311716 TI - Sensitization to the hyperthermic and catecholamine-releasing effects of morphine. PMID- 7311717 TI - Radioimmunoassay of haloperidol in human serum: correlation of serum haloperidol with serum prolactin. PMID- 7311718 TI - Protection of the ischaemic dog heart by oxfenicine. PMID- 7311719 TI - The induction of ornithine decarboxylase by tumor promoting phorbol ester analogues in Reuber H35 hepatoma cells. PMID- 7311720 TI - Phthalate ester hydrolases and phthalate ester toxicity in synchronously developing larvae of the brine shrimp (Artemia). PMID- 7311721 TI - Differential inhibition of globin chain synthesis by tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone. PMID- 7311722 TI - Heroin reward is dependent on a dopaminergic substrate. PMID- 7311723 TI - Dynorphin-(1-13) induces spontaneous feeding in rats. PMID- 7311724 TI - Vasopressin and epinephrine stimulation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown in the plasma membrane of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7311725 TI - Effects of acutely and chronically administered antidepressants on the brain regional 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate in the forced swimming rat. PMID- 7311726 TI - Cholinergic receptors in human hippocampus-- regional distribution and variance with age. PMID- 7311727 TI - Cardiovascular effects and pharmacokinetics of the carboxylic ionophore monensin in dogs and rabbits. PMID- 7311728 TI - Smoking of phencyclidine: disposition in man and stability to pyrolytic conditions. PMID- 7311729 TI - Action of thyroid hormones, diazepam, caffeine and amitriptyline on memory decay ("forgetting"). PMID- 7311730 TI - Greatly extended viability of rat brain storage vesicles in an intracellular medium based upon a non-permeant polyanion. PMID- 7311731 TI - Modulators of monoamine oxidase in plasma. PMID- 7311732 TI - Differential binding of 3H-imipramine and 3H-mianserin in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 7311733 TI - Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein C-III in two cases with sialidase deficiency. PMID- 7311734 TI - Ascorbic acid enables reversible dopamine receptor 3H-agonist binding. PMID- 7311735 TI - The influence of oral corticosterone replacement on plasma prolactin levels of adrenalectomized female rats. PMID- 7311736 TI - Rapid measurement of free amino acids in serum and CSF using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7311737 TI - Metabolism of epoxidized phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 and epoxide hydrolase. AB - The isolation and measurement of phospholipid epoxides as major peroxidation products in biomembrane preparations prompted an investigation of enzymatic mechanisms which may be responsible for their elimination. Analysis of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and phospholipase A2 activity against a phospholipid epoxide commonly encountered in tissues indicated it to be a poor substrate for epoxide hydrolase, but rapidly hydrolyzed by phospholipase A2. Microsomal and purified phospholipase A2 preparations hydrolyzed the phospholipid epoxide at rates 2-fold greater than were observed with a monoenoic phospholipid from which the epoxide would be derived. The product fatty acid epoxide, cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid, was rapidly hydrated by microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. On the basis of earlier reports demonstrating increased phospholipase activity against oxidized phospholipids, and on the results of the present study, a model for the metabolism of oxidized membrane phospholipids is proposed. PMID- 7311738 TI - Endogenous lipolytic activities during autolysis of highly enriched hepatic lysosomes. AB - High enriched (50- to 70-fold) fractions of "native" lysosomes were isolated using continuous flow electrophoresis from livers of rats which had not been pretreated with Triton WR-1339. Incubation of lysosomes for 30 min at pH 5.0 in the presence of 5 mM EDTA resulted in a dramatic loss in the content of fatty acids bound to triacylglycerols (137 down to 10 mumol/mg protein) and to phospholipids and an elevation in the level of unesterified fatty acid. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin concentrations decreased whereas those of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (0.8 up to 8.5% of total lipid-P) and lysophosphatidylcholine (1.9 up to 16.7%) rose in a manner parallel to their respective, fully acylated lipids. Other phospholipids, including phosphatidylinositol, did not change in concentration during incubation. These results indicate that lysosomal phospholipase A, sphingomyelin and triacylglycerol lipase are activated by incubation at acid pH, enabling them to hydrolyze endogenous lysosomal lipids. However, lysosomal phosphatidylinositol directed phospholipase C is apparently unable to interact with phosphatidylinositol of the lysosomal membrane. PMID- 7311739 TI - Identification and quantification of prostaglandin E3 in renal medullary tissue of three strains of rats fed fish oil. AB - Three strains of rats were fed a fish oil diet to verify their ability to incorporate and convert dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 omega 3) into trienoic prostaglandins. Our results show that such conversion indeed occurs in kidney medullae homogenates. Specifically, the presence of prostaglandin E3 (PGE3) was established by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. That compound was conclusively identified by comparison of fragment ions and their relative intensities with those obtained from authentic PGE3. Further evidence was provided by studying the recovery of exogenously added PGE3. Further evidence was provided by studying the recovery of exogenously added PGE3. The crude ethyl acetate extracts of the medullary homogenates were methylated and cleaned up by liquid-gel chromatography with Lipidex-5000 prior to conversion to PGB3 for GC-MS analysis. The PGE3 was quantified by selected ion monitoring (SIM) with [3,3,4,4-2H4] PGE2 as internal standard. The levels of PGE3 were similar, about 3 ng/mg of wet tissue, in the 3 strains of rats. Identical in vivo conversion of the 2.0:5 omega 3 fatty acid to PGE3 could not be positively established by analysis of pooled urine specimens. PMID- 7311740 TI - Inhibition of LCAT in plasma from man and experimental animals by chlorpromazine. AB - Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a major tranquilizer, was found to be a potent inhibitor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT, EC 2.3.1.43) in the plasma of normal man, rat, rabbit and dog in vitro. The inhibitory effect of CPZ reached 35-50% at 0.5 mM depending on species; dog plasma LCAT appeared to be somewhat more sensitive than that of the other species. In rats fed CPZ or lidocaine for 14 days (0.05% in the diet), there was no statistically significant change in total plasma cholesterol levels or the size of the plasma-free (unesterified) cholesterol pool. However, 5 hr after an intracardial injection of [14C]cholesterol, the percentage of plasma [14C]cholesterol that was esterified was significantly lower (ca. 6%, p less than 0.05) in the CPZ-treated group, suggesting that CPZ may also inhibit LCAT To some extent in vivo. The percentage of plasma [14C]cholesterol esterified in the lidocaine-treated group was similar to control values and did not reflect its ability to inhibit LCAT in vitro. PMID- 7311742 TI - Glycerolipid biosynthesis in rat adipose tissue: VIII. Effect of obesity and cell size on [14C]acetate incorporation into lipids. AB - [14C]Acetate incorporation into different lipid fractions was measured as a function of adipocyte size by using the larger and smaller adipocytes derived from Sprague-Dawley rats. In both the larger and smaller adipocytes, [14C]acetate was incorporated into phospholipid, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid and triacylglycerol fractions. Although the rates of lipid formation were significantly higher in the larger adipocytes compared to the smaller ones, the proportions of the various lipids formed from [14C]acetate did not change significantly as a function of cell size. In some experiments, isolated adipocytes derived from obese Zucker rats were fractionated further to isolate an adipocyte preparation which was similar in size to those obtained from lean animals. The matching adipocytes derived from lean and obese animals did not differ significantly with respect to lipid formation from [14C]acetate. These studies suggest that the larger adipocytes are more active in lipogenesis from [14C]acetate than the smaller ones and that the increased capacity of lipogenesis in obese adipose tissue noted previously (Biochem. J., 170, 153-160, 1978) is not an intrinsic property of all the obese adipocytes, but is limited mainly to the larger adipocytes. PMID- 7311741 TI - Influence of lipid peroxidation on lipoprotein secretion by isolated hepatocytes. AB - Isolated rat liver cells have been exposed to 3 different lipid peroxidation inducing agents, CCl4, FeCl3 and cumene hydroperoxide, and the rates of malonaldehyde production and of lipoprotein secretion have been compared. Results indicate that it is possible to induce a high degree of lipid peroxidation without inducing strong changes in lipoprotein secretion. Only in CCl4-poisoned hepatocytes is lipoprotein secretion strongly impaired. In this experimental condition, the effect of free radical scavengers, or inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, as well as the behavior of both lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein secretion, have been evaluated. Promethazine and propyl gallate prevented malonaldehyde production, but neither agent reduced covalent binding nor improved secretion. Menadione, on the contrary, besides inhibiting malonaldehyde production, decreased covalent binding and protected against the impairment of secretion. These data lead to the conclusion that covalent binding of CCl4 metabolites, rather than lipid peroxidation products, accounts for the derangement of lipoprotein secretion in CCl4-poisoned liver cells. PMID- 7311743 TI - Absence of cholesterogenesis regulation in the liver and prostate of the BIO 87.20 hamster. AB - Normal, adult golden Syrian hamsters and the inbred stain BIO 87.20 Syrian hamsters were maintained on either control, cholesterol, candicidin or clofibrate diets for time periods of up to 4 months. The ventral prostate gland in both species was found to synthesize cholesterol at a greater rate than the liver. Also, our results show that, while hepatic cholesterol synthesis in the normal Syrian hamster is under feedback control with dietary cholesterol, hepatic cholesterol synthesis in the BIO 87.20 hamster, and prostatic cholesterol synthesis in either species, is under no such control. This apparent regulatory defect in the BIO 87.20 hamster, which results in a dramatic accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and serum, renders this animal a potentially valuable in vivo model for the study of cholesterol-related disorders. PMID- 7311744 TI - Potential bile acid metabolites: IV. Inversion of 7 alpha-hydroxyl; ursodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 7311745 TI - The loop catheter technic. PMID- 7311746 TI - Incomplete rotation of the midgut in the newborn. A clinical and radiologic investigation of 54 patients. PMID- 7311747 TI - [A particular form of depression: larvate psychogenetic depression]. PMID- 7311748 TI - [Chronicization of endogenous depressive episodes]. PMID- 7311749 TI - [Differentiated therapy of endogenous depressions]. PMID- 7311751 TI - [Emotional implications of the therapist in relation to the patient who tends to act out]. PMID- 7311752 TI - [The Capgras syndrome as a borderline example of female role crisis]. PMID- 7311750 TI - [Preliminary considerations of emotional problems in physician and cancer patient relationships]. PMID- 7311753 TI - [Remarks on the "Manual of Provisional Psychiatry" by Roger Gentis]. PMID- 7311754 TI - [Cognitive disorders in patients with craniocerebral injuries. Critical evaluation of the correlation with the gravity indices of the injury]. PMID- 7311755 TI - [The physician and primary health cares (author's transl)]. AB - For many years in developing countries, rural or sub-urban populations are trying to set up some structures, through community effort, capable to provide to them elementary but indispensable health cares. Because of its fundamental commitment, medical and Public Health staff must participate to the improvement of such structures which are out of the local government health facilities, but have to be integrated in the National Health Plan. Therefore, simple but effective and locally adapted technology has to be set up. The physician must go beyond his conventional technical responsibility, and must supervise and stimulate the village health teams composed essentially of first-aid and sanitation workers and rural matrons, all of them selected by the concerned communities themselves. PMID- 7311756 TI - [The health community auxiliaries; their capital role in remote and scattered areas. The example of Tuamotu-Gambier Islands (author's transl)]. AB - To provide adequate health care in many islands or atolls scattered on a surface equal to Europe, raises many problems. Physicians cannot have a full-time presence. Sanitary education given to the local population by auxiliaries born in the islands or living in, seems the recommendable way to improve the health situation. This on-the-spot basic action must associate Officers from various Departments (Health and Social Welfare, Fisheries, Agriculture, Education). PMID- 7311757 TI - [Amoebic liver abscess in children (study of 47 cases observed from 1964 to 1979 in the clinic of pediatrics of Kinshasa University) (author's transl)]. AB - This retrospective study of hepatic amoebiasis cases observed in the clinic of Pediatrics from 1964 to 1979 brings evidence of its low frequency in children. The disease is mainly observed in young patients from 1 to 6 years (76,5%) and specially in males. Suspected from the evidence of a tender and enlarged liver associated with fever, the diagnosis is rapidly confirmed by a highly positive specific serology. Prognosis is severe with complications in 7% and death in 15% of the cases. Treatment is essentially medical and based on metronidazole. Surgical treatment has few indications which have been recently fixed by Nussaume and Cherbonnel. PMID- 7311758 TI - [Airports malaria: findings of a survey in Paris airports (author's transl)]. AB - From 1976 to 1978, thirteen cases of malaria have been reported from France. Ten of them occurred in the vicinity of the airport Roissy-Charles de Gaulle. The entomological investigation which is described there have been performed to evaluate risk of local transmission and to plan prophylactic measures. PMID- 7311759 TI - [Tropical sprue (author's transl)]. AB - Tropical sprue is a disease of the small intestine characterized by a malabsorption syndrome with a subtotal or partial mucosal atrophy. It is observed in Asia and Central America. It appears to be rare in Africa but its real frequency is unknown as small bowel biopsys are not routinely done. Bacterial overgrowth as well as giardiasis may be trigger factors of the disease the pathogenesis of which is still incompletely understood. The disease beginning as chronic diarrhea is later on characterized by an aphtoid stomatitis and a macrocytic anemia. Treatment with antibiotics and folic acid is efficient and has a diagnostic value. If treatment is started lately, vitamin B 12 is then also necessary. In any intestinal syndrome observed in tropical areas without an ascertained etiologic diagnosis, peroral biopsie of the small intestine is requested. However, with the use of pediatric endoscope it will be possible to appreciate the respective incidence of tropical sprue and asymptomatic tropical sprue in Africa South of the Sahara. PMID- 7311760 TI - [Vascular surgical acute care. Observations of 56 cases]. PMID- 7311762 TI - [Problems of reoperation in hip joint total endoprostheses. Requirements, complications and results]. PMID- 7311761 TI - [Intracondylar rotation prosthesis of the knee joint. An experience report on 65 implantations]. PMID- 7311763 TI - [The external fixation. Its historical development, its possibilities for use, various examples for use with special reference to external fixation according to Raoul-Hoffmann and the halo fixation]. PMID- 7311765 TI - [Contamination of glacier layers in alpine glaciers with radioactive split products]. PMID- 7311764 TI - [Revisions in infected total endoprostheses of the hip with refobacin-Palacos R]. PMID- 7311766 TI - [Society, illness panorama and therapeutic possibilities in change before the background of sensors and reactors to this change: our brain (I)]. PMID- 7311767 TI - [Extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7311768 TI - [Physical therapy of coxarthrosis]. PMID- 7311769 TI - [Still syndrome in adults. A contribution to the differential diagnosis of "fever of unknown origin"]. PMID- 7311771 TI - [New aspects in the treatment of vertebral syndromes]. PMID- 7311772 TI - [Old and new ways of massage therapy]. PMID- 7311770 TI - [New aspects of physical therapy and rehabilitation - health resort indications]. PMID- 7311773 TI - [Physical treatment of heart and vascular diseases in the clinic and the continuation in general practice and healing procedures]. PMID- 7311775 TI - [Eritis sicut deus - medicine and law]. PMID- 7311774 TI - [The prescribing of physical-therapeutic procedures]. PMID- 7311776 TI - [Risk readiness of smokers and non-smokers]. PMID- 7311777 TI - [Procedure in congenital total virilization of the external genitalia (pseudohermaphroditismus femininus)]. PMID- 7311778 TI - [Frequency and significance of obesity in diabetics]. PMID- 7311779 TI - [Is the so-called periodontosis in its course a fate related disease?]. PMID- 7311780 TI - [Recurrent Q-fever in the Mosel-Hunsruck district]. PMID- 7311781 TI - [What does bioclimatology achieve?]. PMID- 7311782 TI - [Lung parenchyma sealing with the help of fibrin adhesive after lung resections]. PMID- 7311783 TI - [Infection prophylaxis with cefamandole in heart and vascular surgery]. PMID- 7311784 TI - [Prazosin in combination with various conventional antihypertensives]. PMID- 7311785 TI - [Psychological examination on the desire of the patient for knowledge and information]. PMID- 7311786 TI - [Life prolongation as task and limit of the physician's dealings from the physician's view]. PMID- 7311787 TI - [Forensic problems of organ transplantation]. PMID- 7311788 TI - [Moral-theological aspects of transplantation surgery]. PMID- 7311789 TI - [Fetal organ donors: pregnancy termination to acquire organs?]. PMID- 7311790 TI - [Life prolongation as the duty and limit of the physician's task from the philosophical and economic view]. PMID- 7311791 TI - [The surgical treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7311792 TI - [Ulcer surgery on the stomach. 100 years after Billroth]. PMID- 7311794 TI - [Surgical treatment of the dumping syndrome]. PMID- 7311793 TI - [Calcium and phosphate metabolism after stomach resection. Examination results from patients with B-II stomach resection 10-15 years after surgery]. PMID- 7311795 TI - [Disease course, conservative and surgical therapy in Crohn disease. Observations in 55 patients]. PMID- 7311796 TI - [Surgical therapy and course of colon perforation]. PMID- 7311797 TI - [Late results after en-bloc resection of juvenile and aneurysmal bone cysts]. PMID- 7311798 TI - [The surgical treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation]. PMID- 7311799 TI - [Anticoagulants and tumor metastasis. Clinical examination]. PMID- 7311800 TI - [The psychosocial stress situations]. PMID- 7311801 TI - [Communication disorders and their course. Diagnostic scale]. PMID- 7311802 TI - [Cognition and perception under clinico-psychiatric views]. PMID- 7311803 TI - [Diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]. PMID- 7311804 TI - [Meningoencephalitis with gram negative rods. A bad prognosis despite high dosage antibiosis]. PMID- 7311805 TI - [Fatal disorder of the central blood pressure regulation in Wernicke encephalopathy]. PMID- 7311806 TI - [Esophageal varices in recurrent struma]. PMID- 7311807 TI - [Suggestions for the pharmacokinetics and for the therapy control of anticonvulsants]. PMID- 7311808 TI - [Are nurses allowed to inject?]. PMID- 7311809 TI - The hypocalciuric or benign variant of familial hypercalcemia: clinical and biochemical features in fifteen kindreds. PMID- 7311810 TI - [Measurement and hygienic evaluation of electromagnetic fields in the environment of diathermy, welding machines and induction heaters]. AB - Measurements of electromagnetic field intensity at work-stations, as well as in the environment of 36 induction heaters, 24 welders and 6 diathermies have been taken. Maximum values of field E intensity at the work-stations with induction heaters ranged from below 2 V/m to 96 V/m, and for field H -- from below 0.5 A/m to 8.2 A/m. Maximum values of field E intensity at the work-stations with welders ranged from 25 V/m to 480 V/m. And Maximum values of field E with diathermy exceeded 300 V/m near electrodes. At the work-station of medical staff operating diathermy, the field intensity values ranged from 5.1 to 16 V/m. Basing on the obtained values of the e-m intensity at work-stations and in the environment of the mentioned instruments, protective zones ranges have been determined: intermediate, weerning and dangerous. In addition, effective e-m field exposure duration, at specific instruments, has been determined. PMID- 7311811 TI - [Brucellosis in Poland during the years 1976-1978]. AB - Throughout 1976--1978, 757 brucellosis cases have been found in Poland. Mostly such occupational groups have been afflicted with brucellosis as: veterinary service, cowkeepers, Bacutil workers and workers of meat plants. The greatest prevalence occurred in the following age groups: 41--50 (22.0%) and 51--60 (17.1%). PMID- 7311812 TI - [Dynamics and severity of occupational injuries at the A. Warski Shipyard in Szczecin during the years 1967-1977]. AB - In the period concerned, the number of accidents was increased by 91.7%, and the number of work disablement days -- by 65.1%, as compared to 1967. The accident severity rate was reduced in 1977 by 15.7%, as compared to 1967. Two periods could be clearly singled out: a) 1967--1970 described by low number of accidents (311.5 +/- 38.7) and work disablement days (7436 +/- 394) and high severity rate (24.05 +/- 1.95), and b) 1971--1977 described by a great number of accidents (636 +/- 55.9) and work disablement days (12325 +/- 547) and lowered severity rate (19.50 +/- 2.29). The decrease in the severity index, especially since 1972, resulted surely from an extension of the range of activities of the Surgical Dispensary, initiation of the Medical Rehabilitation Dispensary, and appropriate organization of occupational rehabilitation. PMID- 7311813 TI - [Study of occupational exposure to toxic compounds based on the example of polyvinyl chloride production]. PMID- 7311814 TI - [Studies of sudanophilia and PAS-positive substances in the neutrophils of persons chronically exposed to carbon disulfide]. AB - In 30 men chronically exposed to CS2, p.a.S. -- positive substances (glycogen) and sudanophilia (lipids) have been investigated in peripheral blood neutrophils. No statistically significant differences have been found in the intensity of p.a.S. reaction and sudanophilia, estimated by the "score" method, between the neutrophils of those chronically CS2 exposed and neutrophils of healthy blood donors. Mean intensities of both test reactions have been higher in CS2 exposed subjects. The decrease in the ability of phagocytosis of neutrophils in those chronically CS2 exposed, found in the previous studies, does not result from the deficiency of spare substances in those blood cells. PMID- 7311817 TI - [Transferrin and ceruloplasmin levels in long-term occupational exposure to gasoline, tungsten, vanadium, cobalt and titanium]. PMID- 7311815 TI - [Analysis of the methods of evaluation of occupational exposure to benzene and phenol of petrochemical industry workers]. AB - 209 workers exposed to airborne benzene and phenol at the Mazovian Refining Petrochemical Works, at three different plants, i.e. of Phenol, Gasoline Composing and Water -- Wastes, have been examined. It has been demonstrated that urine phenol content in workers working in an open plant area is very often inadequate to the airborne time-weighted averaged concentration of benzene and phenol. It has been shown more advisable to determine urine phenol concentrations twice: before and after the work shift. At the same time some specific methods have been recommended for determining phenol concentrations in urine. These are: gas chromatographic method of Dirmikis and Darbre, modified in this laboratory, and Gibbs' colorimetric method modified by Bardodej with 4-amino-antipyrine or Gibbs' colorimetric method with 2,6-dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide modified by Hanke et al. The Theis-Benedict method should not be applied in medical analytical laboratory because of its low specificity to phenol. PMID- 7311816 TI - [Lead concentration in the blood and aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in the erythrocytes depending on sex, age, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking in the group of persons exposed to industrial dust]. AB - A population of 399 persons (180 women and 219 men) has been examined. Anamnesis included detailed inquiries about smoking habit and alcohol drinking. In the laboratory, lead concentration in blood and ALAD activity in erythrocytes have been determined on empty stomach. No differences have been found in the mean lead concentration determined by sex, whereas the mean ALAD activity is higher in women than in men. The subjects' age has affected the test parameters neither in men nor women. In smoking men no changes in the mean lead concentration in blood and mean ALAD activity in erythrocytes hav been found. In smoking women, the mean lead concentration is not changed, but the mean ALAD activity is lower. Alcohol drinking in men does not change the values of the test parameters. Whereas drinking women have revealed higher mean blood lead concentration. PMID- 7311818 TI - [Biochemical changes in vinyl chloride poisoning. I. Effect of different conditions of vinyl chloride exposure on lipid metabolism in rats]. AB - Lipids metabolism was evaluated in rats chronically exposed to vinyl chloride concentrations of 50, 500 and 20 000 ppm. The studies involved: 1) estimation of lipids content in serum; 2) estimation of cholesterol and triglycerides content in some tissues (liver, muscles, connective tissue, aortic wall), 3) evaluation of the rate of incorporating 14C-acetate into 14C-cholesterol in liver and the rate of its transition into blood. The studies were carried out after 1, 3, 6 and 10 months of vinyl chloride exposure. The results prove that under effects of vinyl chloride exposure some tendencies of an increase in the total and esterified cholesterol in serum vary with the magnitude of exposure (vinyl chloride airborne concentration, intoxication time). As to triglycerides and phospholipids at the final phase of intoxication (after 10 months) a significant increase in their serum content is found at the 20 000 ppm. concentration, whereas there are no changes in the free fatty acids level. As to the examined tissue only in liver some tendencies are found of a decrease in cholesterol content and much greater decrease in triglycerides level, which is progressing with intoxication time and exposure magnitude. No effect of vinyl chloride on the level of lipids in muscles, aortic wall and connective tissue were found. Studies of cholesterol synthesis in liver showed some increase in the rate of building 14C-acetate into cholesterol only in two highest vinyl chloride concentrations (500 and 20 000 ppm) after 10 months of exposure. The results demonstrate that chronic vinyl chloride exposure only slightly affects lipid metabolism. The most significant changes occur only after 10 months of exposure at the concentration of 20 000 ppm. It is supposed that the disturbances in lipid metabolism have no important contribution to vinyl chloride poisonings pathology. PMID- 7311819 TI - [Coronary disease risk factors in persons holding responsible positions with negative and positive results of exercise test on the electrocardiogram]. AB - Following an electrocardiogram after a submaximum effort on cycle ergometer and authors selected, of a group of 41 men holding responsible positions, 1 persons with electrocardiographic features of cardiac anaemia. In this group overweight and radiological symptoms of aortic atherosclerosis were found. In all the subjects physical activity deficiency was found. The authors discuss the role of stress in the development of cardiac anaemia. In the prophylaxis of cardiac anaemia also relaxant exercises should be used, including the "hygienic dose" of physical activity. PMID- 7311820 TI - [Colorimetric method of determination of P-phenetidine in the air]. PMID- 7311821 TI - [Difficulties of early diagnosis of liver damage in persons exposed to vinyl chloride]. AB - The authoress presents results of examinations of 228 vinyl chloride exposed workers. Considerable exposure is revealed by 5 cases of acroosteolysis and 45 cases of vascular disturbances in peripheral segments of extremities. The statistical analysis of numerical values of GPT, GOT, GGTP, AP, serum Che, bilirubin, prothrombin and proteinogram did not show any significant differences between the vinyl chloride exposed group and 70 controls. Of 50 persons in whom additionally BSP test and liver scintigram were performed and half-life of activity decrease was determined after intravenous administration of Bengal rose 131-J, 26 cases of moderate megalohepatia (scintigram) and 9 cases with positive BSP test were found. The half-life of 131-J elimination from blood lasted about 10-26 minutes and did not correlate with BSP test. The authoress draws attention to the lack of reliable and generally accessible methods of early diagnosis of hepatopathy in vinyl chloride exposed workers. PMID- 7311822 TI - [Inhalation therapy of upper respiratory tract diseases in metallurgists at the Ciechocinek health resort]. AB - Since 1972, 265 metallurgists of the Warsaw Steel-works have been treated at the ENT Department, Research Centre in Ciechocinek, for chronic atropic catarrh of upper respiratory tract mucous membrane. The treatment involved saline inhalations, respiratory exercises at a saline pool and in the open air near chimney coolers. Pathological changes were found in the mucous membrane of the metallurgists working over 5 years at high temperature and in great dustiness, and the ailments were getting intensified with the length of employment. The treatment was effective. Analysis of the collected material demonstrates that the treatment should be started already during the first 5 years of metallurgist's work. It should be meant as prophylaxis of upper respiratory tract diseases. PMID- 7311823 TI - [Morbidity among forestry workers]. AB - The past and presently diagnosed diseases (excluding vibration disease and occupational hearing impairment) were analysed in 1105 sawers operating combustion drive mechanic saws and in 295 controls. The greatest rate, both in the sawers and controls, was that of the diseases of respiratory tract, circulatory system and osseo -- articulo -- muscular system, nervous system and sense organs. These constituted 86% of all diseases that afflicted sawers and controls. No specific general morbidity accompanying vibration disease or occupational hearing impairment was found in the sawers exposed to noise and vibration. PMID- 7311824 TI - [Energy expenditure in soldiers working on the public road and railroad construction]. AB - The studies consisted in the determination of energetic expenditure of soldiers building roads and railway lines in different regions of the country and in different local conditions. In eight-hours' working days the calorific cost of 53 activities was determined. The studies involved 155 soldiers. The soldiers were occupied at earth work, surface work, production of asphalt and concrete, tract and sewage construction, operation of mechanized equipment. The energetic cost of the activities performed by the soldiers ranged between 3.1--13.0 kcal/min. and when converted per body weight kilogram 0.0435--0.1866 kcal/min/kg. As we miss the data on the energetic expenditure of workers building roads and railway lines the obtained results may be used at the ergonomic analysis of workplaces and at setting-up of an appropriate caloric value of food. PMID- 7311825 TI - [Comparative analysis of seasonal incidence of accidents and temporary disability at the Szczecin Shipyard in 1976]. AB - The authors comparatively analysed the seasonality of accidents and general temporary work disablement in the Szczecin Shipyard in 1976. The seasonality of work disablement was found to be much higher in case of other causes than accidents. The months characterized by the greatest differences were: February -- 96 accidents, 156 -- other causes, July -- 114 accidents, 63 -- other causes. Throughout April -- June and August -- September the seasonality rates were under 100 in both groups; during October -- January they surpassed 100. The seasonality of other work disablement causes was more than twice that of accidents. PMID- 7311826 TI - Spatial relationships between the location of state and county psychiatric hospitals and concentration of the general population, United States, 1960, 1970, and 1980. PMID- 7311827 TI - Trends among core professionals in organized mental health settings: where have all the psychiatrists gone? PMID- 7311828 TI - The effect of weight reduction on biliary lipid metabolism in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV. AB - Nine slightly obese patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV were studied, before and after a mean weight reduction of about 15 kg, with respect to bile acid kinetics, cholesterol balance and biliary lipid composition. The bile acid pool size was not consistently changed. The synthesis of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid was decreased by about 65% and 50%, respectively. The net steroid balance, calculated as bile acid synthesis plus fecal excretion of neutral steroids minus dietary cholesterol intake, was reduced by about 50%. In all but one of the patients bile was supersaturated with cholesterol but weight reduction was not associated with any change in cholesterol saturation. The results indicate that hyperlipoproteinemia type IV may be associated with some metabolic defects which are not corrected for by weight reduction. PMID- 7311829 TI - Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance of lipid bilayers. PMID- 7311830 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides. PMID- 7311832 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of triglycerides. PMID- 7311831 TI - Flame ionization detection applied to thin-layer chromatography on coated quartz rods. PMID- 7311833 TI - Structure determinations of unsaturated fatty acids by oxidative fission. PMID- 7311834 TI - Determination of choline, phosphorylcholine, and betaine. PMID- 7311837 TI - Spectrophotometric procedure for measuring mitochondrial beta-oxidation. PMID- 7311835 TI - Total phosphorus determination by spectrophotometry. PMID- 7311836 TI - Assay of fatty acid synthase using a bicyclic dione as substrate. PMID- 7311838 TI - Continuous measurement of free fatty acid release from intact adipocytes by pH Stat titration. PMID- 7311839 TI - Synthesis of long-chain fatty acyl-coA thioesters using N-hydroxysuccinimide esters. PMID- 7311840 TI - Separation of S-acyl-CoA thioesters and related compounds by reversed-phase ion pair chromatography. PMID- 7311842 TI - Chemical synthesis of furanoid fatty acids. PMID- 7311843 TI - Pyrenedecanoic acid and pyrene lecithin. PMID- 7311841 TI - Preparation of long-chain hydroxyacyl thioesters: 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-coA. PMID- 7311844 TI - Parinaric acid from Parinarium glaberrimum. PMID- 7311845 TI - Preparation of parinaric acid derivatives. PMID- 7311846 TI - Hydroxycitrate. PMID- 7311848 TI - Extraction of tissue lipids with a solvent of low toxicity. PMID- 7311847 TI - Agaric acid. PMID- 7311849 TI - Clofibrate. PMID- 7311850 TI - Separation of partially deuterated methyl palmitate from nondeuterated methyl palmitate by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7311851 TI - 2-Tetradecylglycidic acid. PMID- 7311852 TI - 5-(Tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid. PMID- 7311853 TI - Lipid analysis by liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry. PMID- 7311854 TI - 2-Bromoacetyl-SCoA. PMID- 7311855 TI - Methoxycarbonyl-CoA disulfide: an active site-directed sulfhydryl reagent. PMID- 7311856 TI - Chloromethyl ketone derivatives of fatty acids. PMID- 7311857 TI - 4-Pentenoic acid. PMID- 7311858 TI - Hypoglycin and metabolically related inhibitors. PMID- 7311859 TI - 4-Pentenoylcarnitine, cyclopropanecarbonylcarnitine, and cyclobutanecarbonylcarnitine. PMID- 7311860 TI - Synthesis of cyclopentanoid analogs of diacylglycerophosphate. PMID- 7311861 TI - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors. PMID- 7311862 TI - Growth and cytodifferentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PMID- 7311863 TI - Isolation of plasma membranes from adipocytes. PMID- 7311864 TI - Polyunsaturation systems from higher plants. PMID- 7311865 TI - Preparation and use of protoplasts for studies of lipid metabolism. PMID- 7311867 TI - The meaning of the term "data protection" in health care. PMID- 7311866 TI - Isolation and subfractionation of glyoxysomes. PMID- 7311868 TI - KRAZTUR--a generator for medical documentation and information systems. PMID- 7311870 TI - Long-term studies--a challenge to medical informatics. PMID- 7311869 TI - Doctors' attitudes to a computer-based clinical information system. PMID- 7311871 TI - A method for estimating prognosis based on physician's decision-making process. PMID- 7311872 TI - Use of posterior probabilities to evaluate methods of discriminant analysis. PMID- 7311873 TI - The computer in the doctor's office. PMID- 7311874 TI - Mixed culture studies of Streptococcus mitis and oral enterococci. AB - Strains of Streptococcus mitis and oral enterococci were grown in mixed culture in 0.5% peptone, 1.0% peptone and 1.0% peptone supplemented with 0.5% glucose. In all three media the enterococci inhibited the S. mitis strains. The inhibition was strongest in the glucose supplemented broths, probably due to pH toxicity. Inhibition in the unsupplemented broths was not similarly caused, but no other inhibitory factors could be isolated from these culture. PMID- 7311875 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of L-forms of Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - An SEM study upon the developmental cycle of Yersinia enterocolitica added further confirmation to its being an L-cycle. It was not found easy to demonstrate flagella by the method, but the conclusion was reached that it has potential as a method for the rapid identification of bacterial L-forms. PMID- 7311876 TI - Feeding by Actinophrys sol (Protista, Heliozoa): 1 light microscopy. AB - The feeding behavior of the heliozoon Actinophrys sol was investigated using the ciliate Colpidium colpoda as food. The ciliate is caught by adhesion to the arms of the heliozoon. Within 20 min the prey is enclosed by a funnel-shaped pseudopodium which progresses over the prey by the action of its differentiated leading edge. Independent Actinophrys cells may fuse together during prey capture and the early stages of prey digestion. After prey ingestion, the ciliate is lysed and the contents of the food vacuole coagulate. Much of the fluid is removed from the food vacuole and, within 4 h of feeding, the food vacuole has condensed around its coagulated contents. As food vacuole condensation occurs, the peripheral region of the heliozoon cell becomes vacuolated. The appearance of the cell and of the food vacuole remain the same for about 12 h, after which time the undigested residues in the food vacuoles are egested, fused masses of cells separate as uninucleate cells and nuclear division may occur. During feeding, the extrusomes are greatly depleted. These bodies are implicated in the processes of food capture and in the production of food vacuole membrane. PMID- 7311877 TI - [A controlled-temperature microscope stage for extended observations of living materials (author's transl)]. AB - We have designed a controlled-temperature stage for the observations of live microorganisms under all magnifications of the compound microscope. The use of water-immersion objectives eliminates the need for a cover-slip and permits interventions such as liquid medium changes, microsurgery or the insertion of microelectrodes. Simple in design and relatively inexpensive this stage has an observation area of 50 X 75 mm. PMID- 7311878 TI - Michigan physicians learning health promotion makes them more effective. PMID- 7311879 TI - There are many benefits for doctor with good patient education programs. PMID- 7311880 TI - Sen. Sederburg influential member of Senate Health and Social Services Committee. Interview by Willah Weddon Stockbridge. PMID- 7311882 TI - MSU's entering medical class over 50 percent female. PMID- 7311881 TI - MSMS Council hears new public health director. PMID- 7311883 TI - Here are latest data on MSMS malpractice claims study. PMID- 7311884 TI - Sensitivity in detection of monoclonal immunoglobulins by thin-layer isoelectric focusing and certain electrophoreses in laboratory use. AB - By applying sera containing various myeloma proteins to thin-layer isoelectric focusing at various pH ranges, we found that the best range of pH gradient for the detection of the band group specific for monoclonal immunoglobulin was from 5 to 8. The lowest concentration of monoclonal immunoglobulin detected by this method was approximately 0.1 mg/ml which was 8 to 32 times lower than the concentration detectable by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis or immunoelectrophoresis in routine laboratory use. Monoclonal protein concentration from 0.1 to 20 mg/ml was determined quantitatively. Blind tests on sera resulted in a disagreement between the concentration of monoclonal immunoglobulin assumed from the results of cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis and that determined by isoelectric focusing. These results suggest that isoelectric focusing is useful for the surveillance of monoclonal immunoglobulinemia provided that the technique and equipment are improved for laboratory tests. PMID- 7311885 TI - An endotoxin-induced serum factor that depresses hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity and cytochrome P-450 levels in mice. PMID- 7311886 TI - Agglutination, toxigenicity and sorbitol fermentation of Clostridium difficile. AB - A total of 79 Clostridium difficile strains from different sources (50 strains from the fecal specimens of healthy adults, 13 from patients receiving antibiotics without gastrointestinal complications, 13 from antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) or diarrhea patients, and three strains from ATCC) were investigated for agglutinability, using formol-treated cells as antigen, in relation to toxigenicity. C. difficile strains tested were divided into four serovars, I, II, III, and IV, by the cross-agglutination test. The agglutinin absorption test revealed that strains of serovar I, agglutinable with high titers (5,120-10,240) to antiserum prepared against a highly toxigenic C. difficile strain, ATCC 17859, possessed the serovar-specific antigen. All of the strains of serovar I were highly toxigenic and all 13 strains isolated from the fecal specimens of antibiotic-associated PMC or diarrhea patients belonged to this serovar, whereas 19 (38%) out of 50 strains from healthy adults and four (30.8%) out of 13 strains from patients receiving antibiotics without gastrointestinal complications possessed this antigen. None of the strains of other clostridial species than C. difficile were agglutinated by the three reference antisera used. Further study on the sugar fermentation test disclosed that sorbitol-fermenting property of C. difficile if very closely related to the toxigenicity and agglutinability. PMID- 7311887 TI - An L-form of Staphylococcus aureus adapted to a brain heart infusion medium without osmotic stabilizers. AB - An L-form derived from halotolerant Staphylococcus aureus Tasaki was adapted to growth in a brain heart infusion medium without any supplemental osmotically protective solutes (360 mOsm/kg). This L-form had no chemically detectable peptidoglycan residues on its surface. Electron microscopic observations confirmed morphologically the absence of the structures and also of other osmotically protective polymers within or exterior to the cytoplasmic membrane. The osmotic stability and susceptibility to bacitracin, D-cycloserine, and vancomycin of the L-form adapted to growth in 360 mOsm osmotically unprotective medium was higher than that of the L-form grown in 1,950 mOsm supplemented with 4.5% NaCl. The adapted L-form tended to be more sensitive to almost all of the antibiotics examined, other than the inhibitors for cell wall-synthesis, than the original L-form strain requiring osmotic protection for growth. Chemical analysis of the membrane of the adapted L-form indicated 16.3% total lipids and 20.6% proteins by dry weight of the membrane, and it contained larger amounts of lipid phosphorus (20.0 microgram/mg). PMID- 7311888 TI - Mode of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus infection in tissue culture cells. III. Neurovirulence of cell-free SSPE viruses of Niigata-1, Kitaken-1, and Biken strains. AB - Cell-free viruses recovered from virus-carrying cultures of the Niigata-1, Kitaken-1, and Biken strains of SSPE virus were examined for neurovirulence. The cell-free viruses were prepared by freezing and thawing or by EDTA treatment of the virus-carrying cultures and inoculated into adult mice intracerebrally. A considerable number of the inoculated mice showed clinical signs about 1 to 5 weeks after the inoculation. The first symptom was hyperreactivity, which was followed by paresis and myoclonus. All of the affected mice fell in paralysis and finally died. The virus could be recovered from the moribund mice by cocultivation of the brain cells with Vero cells. Immunofluorescence staining of the brain tissue revealed that infected cells containing viral antigens were distributed sparsely. No inflammatory feature, however, was observed in the brain as far as examined and neutralizing antibody against SSPE virus was not detected in sera from the mice inoculated with the cell-free SSPE viruses. PMID- 7311889 TI - Mitogenicity and adjuvanticity of a marine bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum, in mice. AB - The effects of whole cells of three different O serotypes of Vibrio anguillarum on the murine immune response were studied. The addition of different doses (1 100 microgram/ml) of V. anguillarum cells, as well as Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide, markedly increased the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into in vitro cultured spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice. All three serotype strains of V. anguillarum were able to induce the mitogenic effect at 10 microgram /ml and 100 microgram/ml, but serotype I strains were more potent than the others. Since pretreatment of spleen cells with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte antiserum did not affect the mitogenic activity of V. anguillarum, Vibrio cells may be a B lymphocyte mitogen. When sheep or horse erythrocytes and Vibrio cells were injected intraperitoneally into ddY mice, Vibrio cells exhibited an enhancing effect on antibody response in vivo, regardless of the different serotypes. Vibrio cells, when injected intraperitoneally into mice before the antigen, markedly suppressed the antibody response. Several days after the injection of Vibrio cells, these mice showed an enhanced carbon clearance activity. Acid phosphatase activity in their peritoneal cells was also augmented, suggesting that Vibrio cells activated macrophages in the mice. PMID- 7311890 TI - Isolation of antigenically active components from leptospiral serovar-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen by alkaline treatment. AB - The serovar-specific main antigen (TM antigen) of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, which as lipopolysaccharide properties, was treated with 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. This treatment degraded the antigen into two major antigenic components, one of high and one of low molecular weight. The component with the lower molecular weight (approximately 4,000 daltons) consisted mainly of carbohydrates, having lost almost all of the fatty acid and protein components of the original antigen. Although the substance lacked immunoprecipitable activity, it continued to show serovar-specific inhibitory potency in a radioimmunoassay system as well as in a microscopic immunoagglutination reaction of the organisms. The antigenic activity of the compound was also reduced by periodate oxidation as was that of the TM antigen. A component with the same chemical and physicochemical properties was also produced by alkaline treatment from a different serotype TM antigen (serovar kremastos Kyoto), but it showed no antigenic activity. PMID- 7311891 TI - Electrophoretic properties of RNA coliphages. PMID- 7311892 TI - [Growth characteristics of Candida boidinii on methyl alcohol]. PMID- 7311893 TI - [Effect of the mineral components of the medium on the growth and chemical composition of methanol-assimilating yeasts]. PMID- 7311894 TI - [Possibility of yeast cytomembrane formation on preexisting membranes]. PMID- 7311895 TI - [Presence of fused loci in the nucleolemma of yeast cells of the genus Candida]. PMID- 7311896 TI - [Acid-soluble nucleotides of Propionibacterium shermanii in the case of a varying cobalt supply to the cells]. PMID- 7311897 TI - [Nature of the action of Candida tropicalis K-41 mannan on tobacco mosaic virus infectivity]. PMID- 7311898 TI - [Comparative study of the action of Candida tropicalis K-41 polysaccharides on the infectivity of the tobacco mosaic virus and its RNA]. PMID- 7311899 TI - [Radioactive precursor incorporation into Yersinia pseudotuberculosis cells]. PMID- 7311900 TI - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the survivability and occurrence of atypical forms of Rhodosporidium diobovatum]. PMID- 7311901 TI - [New species Coelomomyces arsenjevii Koval et Kuprijanova sp. nova found on mosquitoes in the Maritime Territory]. PMID- 7311902 TI - [Mycelial protein fractional composition of Fusarium moniliforme var. lactis]. PMID- 7311903 TI - [Characteristics of influenza virus proteins in persistent infection]. PMID- 7311904 TI - [Detection of virus-specific RNA in cell systems persistently infected with the influenza virus]. PMID- 7311905 TI - [3-oxosteroid-delta 1-dehydrogenase localization in Mycobacterium rubrum and Arthobacter globiformis cells]. AB - Osmotically susceptible forms were obtained from Mycobacterium rubrum and Arthrobacter globiformis (Mycobacterium globiforme) cells. The activity of 3 oxosteroid-delta 1-dehydrogenase was comparatively estimated in subcellular fractions after differential centrifugation of cell homogenates prepared either mechanically or by lysis of osmotically susceptible forms. The results indicate that the enzyme is located in the cells of the above microorganisms in both the free state (in the fraction of soluble proteins) and the membrane-bound form. PMID- 7311906 TI - [Comparative study of methods for isolating glucose isomerase from Streptomyces albogriseolus mycelium]. AB - Different procedures for disintegrating the biomass of Streptomyces albogriseolus were compared, and the recovery of glucose isomerase was analysed for each of the procedures. The following techniques were tested: disintegration of the mycelium with ultrasound and with pressure, autolysis in the presence of lysozyme and in its absence. The yields of the enzyme and total protein were found to depend on the time during which the biomass was treated. The effect of different procedures for isolating the enzyme on its recovery and activity is discussed. PMID- 7311907 TI - [Methylcobalamin-dependent enzymatic methylation of DNA in a cell-free extract of Propionibacterium shermanii]. AB - The regulation of the functional activity of Propionibacterium shermanii cells by cobalamin is accompanied by an increase in the methylation of their DNA at the cytosine residue: the DNA from B12-deficient cells is undermethylated as compared with the DNA from control cells, i. e. cells synthesizing corrinoids. The results of in vitro experiments make it possible to correlate this phenomenon with the capability of DNA methylases from B12-deficient and control cells to function with different donors of methyl groups. Just as the enzymes methylating adenine and cytosine in B12-deficient cells, adenine DNA methylase from cells synthesizing corrinoids is active in vitro with S-adenosylmethionine. Cytosine DNA methylase from P. shermanii control cells is inactive with S adenosylmethionine and transfers methyl groups only in the presence of cobalamins. PMID- 7311908 TI - [Coincidence of the process of hydrogen-oxidizing bacterial culture and nutrient medium electrolysis]. AB - The main factors limiting the possibility of organizing the cultivation of the hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Alcaligenes eutropha Z-1 in combination with electrolysis were determined: accumulation of the oxidizing agents (hypochlorite, persulfate ions, hydrogen peroxide) in the process of electrolysis and deposition of microelements contained in the growth medium on the cathode. The limits for the susceptibility of the bacterium to the oxidizing agents were established. The rate of accumulation of the oxidizing agents and formation of the cathode deposit were found to depend on the current density, the pH and composition of a solution, and several other factors. The concentration of hypochlorite decreased if the content of chloride ions in the growth medium was reduced to approximately 10(-5) g/l; the concentrations of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide is decreased using a certain electrolysis regime and adding ferrous ions which reduce the oxidizing agents. The cathode deposit is dissolved by periodically reversing the current in the course of electrolysis. PMID- 7311909 TI - [Lag phage in Candida tropicalis growth on phenol]. AB - When Candida tropicalis CD5 was grown on phenol, substances eliminating the inhibiting action of phenol accumulated in the cultural broth during the lag phase of growth. C. tropicalis CD5 was cultivated on the filtrate of the cultural broth obtained after the lag phase and containing 0.18% of phenol as a carbon source; in that case, the culture grew by 24 h earlier since the lag phase was reduced. C. tropicalis CD5 was capable of growing on a filtrate containing 0.21% of phenol though the culture could not grow at this phenol concentration on the original medium. The filtrate preserved its properties after dialysis through a half-permeable membrane. PMID- 7311911 TI - Simultaneous determination of catecholamine metabolites in urine by mass fragmentography with application to diagnostic examination. PMID- 7311912 TI - Infantile genetic agranulocytosis in three siblings. PMID- 7311910 TI - [Decomposition of 3,4-dichloroaniline by an Alcaligenes faecalis culture]. AB - Under the conditions of co-oxidation at a considerable excess of the co substrate, Alcaligenes faecalis performs oxidative deamination of 3,4 dichloroaniline yielding 4,5-dichloropyrocatechol and cleaves its aromatic cycle. Formation of a chlorinated derivative of hydroxymuconic acid as an intermediate product, as well as the 100% liberation of chloride ions under these conditions, indicate that 3,4-dichloroaniline can be completely mineralized by A. faecalis. PMID- 7311913 TI - Effects of respiratory movement on the amplitude and configuration of H-wave. PMID- 7311914 TI - Enzymatic studies on the mechanism of creatinuria in rats with experimental thyrotoxic myopathy and dystrophic mice. PMID- 7311916 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7311915 TI - High incidence of subclinical hypovitaminosis of B1 among university students founds by a field study in Ehime, Japan. PMID- 7311917 TI - [Postoperative anticoagulant treatment in vascular surgery is reliable]. PMID- 7311918 TI - [Laxatives more critically prescribed]. PMID- 7311920 TI - [What can the "clinical medicine-sociology" do for clinical research?]. PMID- 7311921 TI - [What diagnosis would you make?]. PMID- 7311919 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism must not be an indication for surgery]. PMID- 7311923 TI - [Rat bite disease with meningoencephalitic involvement]. AB - Reported is the case of a 32 years old man, who developed a severe condition with recurrent fever episodes, lymphadenopathy, liver and spleen enlargement, and severe headaches 6 weeks after having been bitten by a rat. The headaches even increased during the further course. Psychological tests indicated an increased instability and irritability. The brain scan revealed diffuse cerebral ischemias (on the basis of an increased cerebrovascular resistance). Following the treatment with penicillin, the symptoms cleared almost completely. Although the pathogenic organism could not be identified, the findings and the clinical course of the disease indicate the presence of sodoku with meningoencephalopathic involvement. PMID- 7311922 TI - [Functional colonic disorders: constipation and diarrhea]. PMID- 7311924 TI - [Occult splenic rupture difficult to diagnosis]. AB - The recognition of an occult rupture of the spleen is very difficult if there is no anamnesis of a trauma. Computer-tomographically the diagnosis can be made quickly and convincingly. An own case demonstrates the superiority of computer tomography to conventional radiologic and ultrasonic methods. PMID- 7311925 TI - [What diagnosis would you make?]. PMID- 7311926 TI - [Heart insufficiency: current aspects of physiopathology and therapy]. PMID- 7311927 TI - [Melanotic tumors of the uvea and retina]. PMID- 7311928 TI - [New developments in the field of interstitial lung diseases]. PMID- 7311929 TI - [In ulcer perforation, benign pyloric stenosis and malignant transformation always operate!]. PMID- 7311930 TI - [Anabolic therapy in metastatic breast cancer]. AB - The medical records of 66 women treated with metenolone for metastasized breast carcinomas were analysed. In 26 patients a remission developed with a mean duration of 8.2 (3-29) months. Patients whose treatment started in the first year after the menopause as well as patients with a beneficial effect of a therapeutic ovariectomy in the past were more often improved by metenolone than average. Metenolone had a better effect against osseous metastases than against visceral metastases. In most cases the treatment was well tolerated. In four patients, however, the treatment had to be interrupted because of cholestasis, pulmonary embolism and hypercalcaemia. PMID- 7311931 TI - [Presystemic elimination and biological availability of drugs]. PMID- 7311932 TI - [Measures for the improvement of the quality of blood gas analyses]. PMID- 7311933 TI - [The diagnostic value of the determination of hepatitis virus markers in the serum]. PMID- 7311935 TI - [Drugs and visual acuity in automobile driving]. PMID- 7311934 TI - [Changes in the Technicon MT-II-analyzer]. PMID- 7311936 TI - [Hypersensitivity reactions--manifestations, origins, diagnosis and prevention]. PMID- 7311937 TI - Immunizations and chemoprophylaxis for travelers. PMID- 7311938 TI - Isoflurane (Forane): a new inhalation anesthetic. PMID- 7311939 TI - Cancer education objectives for medical schools. PMID- 7311940 TI - Closed-chest myocardial ischaemia in dog. AB - Myocardial ischaemia in dog was induced with releasable material in the distal segment of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Three releasable materials were tested: gel foam, wax microspheres (120-200 micron) and latex balloons, using different methods of introduction. The left carotid route was selected for introduction of a preformed catheter. The gel foam and wax microspheres caused transitory ischaemia, which was proximal for the foam and distal for the microspheres. The balloons made it possible to standardize the ischaemia as its localization and duration could be selected. This material therefore provided a model for stable chronic ischaemia. Nine dogs were observed by means of precordial mapping (36 electrodes) during the phase following ischaemia or for a period of 4 weeks. The results of these experiments are analysed and correlated with histological results for the post-mortem phase. PMID- 7311941 TI - A kinesiologic electromyography system for the computer-controlled analog and digital recording and processing of muscle action potentials of walking subjects. AB - A computer-controlled electromyography (EMG) System has been developed for the kinesiologic examination of orthopedic patients. A major objective in the design of the system was its convenient operation in the daily clinical routine. The EMG signals are transduced by specially constructed electrode-preamplifier units and filtered and further amplified in a cable distribution box fixed to the subject's belt or back. The amplified signals are transmitted to the stationary signal conditioning, display, and recording units by an easily tractable trailing cable guided in a ceiling rail. The test gait sequence is performed on a level walkway 14 m in length. A functional partition into periodically recurring gait is achieved either by foot-floor contact sensors or by optional goniometric measurements in the lower extremity. Patient safety is provided by an opto coupling interface. The EMG signals are displayed on specially constructed large screen oscilloscopes for convenient real-time monitoring by the examiner. An analog recording is carried out by a multi-channel strip chart recorder. The digital recording and processing of the EMG signals and the control of the analog recording unit are implemented by an on-line system. This paper describes the main constructional features of the system and its components, discusses the basic problems involved in the digital recording and processing of EMG signals, and gives an outline of the digital processing mode employed so far in our electromyographical examination of orthopedic patients with various gait disorders. PMID- 7311942 TI - A test-subject-tracking measuring carriage with optoelectronic position-feedback control for the kinematic analysis of the gait of orthopedic patients. AB - A measuring carriage system has been developed in our biomedical motion-analysis laboratory for the continuous optoelectronic measurement of angular coordinates or point coordinates in the sagittal plane of a walking patient. The carriage is automatically driven on a guide rail in parallel with the advancing test subject along a level walkway 14 m in length. The carriage propulsion is effected by a servomotor which is controlled by an object-tracking optoelectronic position feedback control system. The paper describes the constructional principles of the system and gives a basic analysis of its feedback-control behavior. PMID- 7311943 TI - A sheathed micro thermoprobe for local temperature measurements in tissue. AB - A sheathed thermocouple with an outer diameter of 0.18 mm has been constructed. The response time constant is 6 ms. This miniature thermocouple presents possibilities for measuring the temperature in small objects where measurements hav until now been almost impossible. As an example, the temperature distribution in a tumor is recorded. Measurement errors are discussed. PMID- 7311944 TI - [Behavior of coagulation parameters in the Schonlein-Henoch syndrome. Diagnostic value of factor XIII]. PMID- 7311945 TI - [Clinical study of a new bronchodilator molecule in pediatrics (Th 1165, Fenoterol-Berotec)]. PMID- 7311946 TI - [Hepatotoxicity of the rifampicin-isoniazid combination in children]. PMID- 7311947 TI - [Concentrations of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse T3, thyrotropin and thyroglobulin in umbilical-cord and maternal blood]. PMID- 7311948 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. A case with complex clinical and biohumoral aspects and severe arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7311949 TI - [A case of infantile ectopic ureterocele]. PMID- 7311950 TI - [Prolonged QT interval and sudden death in infancy. A very early manifestation]. PMID- 7311952 TI - [Behavior of the electroencephalographic examination in the acute period and in the follow-up of purulent meningitis in children]. PMID- 7311951 TI - [A recent cephalosporin: cefadroxil. Clinical study and comparative blood levels after administration during fasting and after a meal]. PMID- 7311953 TI - [Visceral larva migrans caused by Ancylostoma caninum]. PMID- 7311954 TI - [Male Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 7311955 TI - [Growth of low-weight newborn infants fed different types of milk]. PMID- 7311956 TI - [Liddle's syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment in a 10-month-old girl. Study of the physiopathology of the syndrome]. PMID- 7311957 TI - [Clinical considerations on a probable new case of the Coffin-Siris syndrome]. PMID- 7311958 TI - [Diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis. Description of an unusual case]. PMID- 7311959 TI - [Incidence of biliary calculosis in beta-thalassemic syndromes]. PMID- 7311960 TI - [Evaluation of lactose tolerance by means of the breath test in children with atrophic intestinal mucosa]. PMID- 7311961 TI - [Fundamental concepts concerning diagnosis and therapy of closed renal trauma in children]. PMID- 7311962 TI - All wrist masses are not ganglions. A review of the extensor digitorum brevis manus. PMID- 7311963 TI - The community hospital vascular laboratory. PMID- 7311964 TI - Management of impotence by the inflatable penile prosthesis: six-year followup. PMID- 7311965 TI - President's message: "Politics" and physicians. PMID- 7311966 TI - Hiring a new doctor for your practice. PMID- 7311967 TI - Calcium blockers in coronary heart disease. Part I. PMID- 7311968 TI - Biological effects of glutamic acid and its derivatives. Part 2. PMID- 7311969 TI - Formation of striated muscle from myoblasts in vitro: inhibition of myotube formation by cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline and its reversal by native or denatured collagen (gelatin). AB - Previous efforts to define the nature of the complex requirements for the development of striated muscle in vitro led us to the finding that the presence of collagen in the extracellular environment is essential for the formation from myoblasts of the multinucleated myotube (1). In the present report we demonstrate that the proline analog, cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline, will inhibit myotube formation in vitro without affecting the aggregation of cells (fusion?). The presence of collagen or gelatin as a culture substratum overcomes the action of the analog. The role of collagen in the development of the myotube is discussed. PMID- 7311970 TI - Sequence-dependent conformations of short polypeptides in a hydrophobic environment. AB - Surfactants, which provide a hydrophobic environment, may induce an ordered conformation in polypeptides and proteins that contain a sequence with helix-or beta-forming potential. This hypothesis has been illustrated in circular dichroic studies of oligopeptides and short polypeptides. These peptide-surfactant complexes can form (1) a helix, (2) a beta-form, (3) either form (depending on experimental conditions), or can remain in (4) an ordered form. The induced helix is stable in a surfactant solution below or above its critical micellar concentration, whereas the induced beta-form is usually converted back to an unordered form when the surfactant used is above its critical micellar concentration, or it is transformed into a helix in excess surfactant solution if the peptide has both the helix- and beta-forming potential. In most cases the observed conformations agree with those predicted from the amino acid sequences of the peptides. The induced conformation of a peptide can be destabilized by charges on the side groups having the same sign as that of surfactant ions. Disulfide bonds can inhibit the formation of induced conformation because of steric hindrance. The terminal effect can prevent a peptide from forming an ordered conformation near the NH2- and COOH-terminus. PMID- 7311971 TI - Effects of adenosine and adenosine-analogs on adenylate cyclase activity in the rat adipocyte plasma membrane: comparison of the properties of the enzyme with Mn2+ and Mg2+ as divalent cations. AB - We investigated the influence of Mg2+ and Mn2+ on the effects of adenosine and some derivatives on basal adenylate cyclase activity in rat fat cell membranes as well as on enzyme activity stimulated by isoprenaline or sodium fluoride. Adenosine and derivatives modified in the ribose function were inhibitory, irrespective of the stimulant used, both in the presence of MgCl2 or MnCl2. Inhibition of basal and sodium fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was more pronounced in the presence of MnCl2 than in the presence of MgCl2. N6 substituted adenosine analogs proved to be inhibitory in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2, but in the presence of 1 mM MnCl2 the fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was potentiated, while basal and isoprenaline stimulated activity were not significantly inhibited. These effects of adenosine and derivatives could not be blocked by theophylline with or without guanyl nucleotides. The potentiating effect of N6-substituted adenosine derivatives on sodium fluoride activated adenylate cyclase is dependent on the structure of the N6-substituent and consists of an enhancement of Vmax in combination with a small decrease of the Km for MnATP2-, indicative of an allosteric effect on adenylate cyclase. No potentiation by N6-phenylisopropyladenosine of sodium fluoride stimulated cyclase was found on digitonin solubilized cyclase, while the inhibitory effect of adenosine was retained. The relevance of these findings is discussed in connection with the current hypothesis concerning the presence of two adenosine-sensitive sites on rat fat cell membranes. PMID- 7311973 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity in Xenopus laevis ovarian follicles. PMID- 7311974 TI - Protein A as a molecular probe for the detection of antigen induced conformational change in Fc region of rabbit antibody. PMID- 7311972 TI - GTP, as well as ATP, can act as a substrate for the intrinsic protein kinase activity of synaptic plasma membranes. AB - GTP as well as ATP can act as phosphate donor for the intrinsic protein kinase activity of synaptic plasma membranes. There are many similarities between the activities observed with ATP or GTP. Both need a divalent cation, Mg2+ being preferred, both are slightly inhibited by Na+, and more strongly by K+, both are inhibited by theophylline and adenosine. The Km for GTP (0.13 mM) is similar to that ATP (0.12 mM). There are, however, some differences in properties. When GTP instead of ATP is the phosphate donor the pH optimum is 6.5 instead of 7.4. In addition NH4+ inhibits the transfer of phosphate from GTP but not from ATP. More importantly, cyclic AMP only stimulates the transfer of phosphate from ATP not from GTP. SDS gel electrophoresis reveals that similar membrane proteins are phosphorylated by GTP and ATP in the presence or absence of cyclic AMP. This suggests that there may be two different types of protein kinase in the synaptic plasma membrane which act on similar membrane proteins. One is stimulated by cyclic AMP and is specific to ATP while the other is unaffected by cyclic nucleotides and can use either ATP or GTP as phosphate donor. PMID- 7311975 TI - Restriction in IgM expression-II. The VH regions of murine anti-lactose antibodies. PMID- 7311976 TI - Kinetics of Ig VH region gene expression: allotypic and idiotypic specificities of anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies produced by a1-suppressed a1a3 rabbits. PMID- 7311977 TI - Soluble C5b-9 complex of guinea pig complement: demonstration of its heterogeneity and the mechanism of its C9 hemolytic activity as transfer of reversibly bound C9 molecules from the complex. PMID- 7311978 TI - Structural requirements for recognition of vasopressin by antibody; thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the interaction. PMID- 7311979 TI - Antibody restores catalytic activity of a small molecular weight fragment of human prostatic acid phosphatase. PMID- 7311981 TI - The effect of cell size and receptor density on ligand--receptor reaction rate constants. PMID- 7311980 TI - On the contribution of tryptophan to the affinity and specificity of anti dinitrophenyl antibodies. PMID- 7311982 TI - Physicochemical characterization of fluid phase (SC5b-9) and membrane derived (MC5b-9) attack complexes of human complement purified by immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography or selective detergent extraction. PMID- 7311983 TI - Immunochemistry of apamin--bee venom neurotoxin--I. Radioimmunoassay with apamin and its derivatives. PMID- 7311984 TI - Partial amino acid sequences of human and dog post-gamma globulins. PMID- 7311986 TI - The site of IgG2a catabolism in the rat. PMID- 7311985 TI - Specific binding of non-glycosylated IgE to Fc epsilon receptor. PMID- 7311987 TI - The obtention of high-titer antibodies of restricted heterogeneity against lysozyme methyl ester in rabbits vaccinated with Micrococcus lysodeikticus. PMID- 7311988 TI - Increased [32P]-phosphorylation of tryptic peptides of erythrocyte spectrin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Increased [32P]-incorporation in tryptic peptides of the erythrocyte membrane protein spectrin Band 2 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was studied in a consecutive series of 10 matched DMD/control pairs. Spectrin was [32P] phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-independent endogenous membrane protein kinase in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP. [32P]-labeled spectrin was isolated, purified, and subjected to tryptic cleavage with excess trypsin. The resulting peptides were separated on a high-resolution 5%/15% stacking SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system. Liquid scintillation counting was performed on sequential slices of unstained gels. A broad [32P]-labeled band containing a number of [32P] polypeptides was found to be more highly [32P]-phosphorylated in DMD patients than in their matched controls. This band migrated with an apparent molecular mass of 4.8-5.2 kilodaltons and contained approximately 55% of total [32P] radioactivity covalently bound to spectrin peptides. These data demonstrated an increased [32P]-phosphorylation of an identifiable tryptic peptide fraction in DMD that is consistent with previous reports of increased spectrin Band 2 [32P] phosphorylation in DMD. PMID- 7311989 TI - Limb myokymia. AB - Thirty-eight patients with myokymic discharges localized to limb muscles on needle electromyography had various neurologic lesions, both acute and chronic. Of the 38 patients, 27 had had previous radiation therapy and the clinical diagnosis of radiation-induced plexopathy, myelopathy, or both. For the remaining 11 patients, the diagnoses included multiple sclerosis, inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, ischemic neuropathy, inflammatory myopathy, and chronic disorders of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The clinical presentations and results of local ischemia, peripheral nerve block, and percutaneous stimulation suggest that most limb myokymic discharges arise focally at the site of a chronic peripheral nerve lesion. PMID- 7311990 TI - Activity, molecular forms, and cytochemistry of cholinesterases in developing rat diaphragm. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were studied in the diaphragm of early postnatal rats, using radiometric determination of enzyme activities, velocity sedimentation for separation of molecular forms, and electron microscopic cytochemistry to localize enzymes. AChE activity did not change significantly during the first 2 months after birth. The level of 16 S AChE was high at early stages, but decreased to adult levels between days 19 and 32 after birth. In newborn and 8-day-old rats, 16 S and 13 S AChE were present in both endplate and extrajunctional muscle. In newborn muscle, BuChE activity was higher than AChE activity, but decreased 6-fold by day 32. Newborn muscle contained 16 S, 10 S, and 4 S BuChE. The principal form throughout development was 4 S BuChE, but all forms diminished as total BuChE activity decreased with maturation. At early postnatal neuromuscular junctions, end product of both AChE and BuChE was present in the cleft, as well as in Schwann cells. More Schwann cells wee present in early stages than in later stages, and this might account for part of the later decrease of BuChE activity measured biochemically. PMID- 7311991 TI - Nerve conduction velocity varies inversely with height. AB - Even when all known factors affecting the determination of nerve conduction velocity are controlled, large individual variations persist. In 40 normal controls, we found that peroneal and sural conduction velocities varied inversely with body height (P less than 0.001). This height effect is not due to temperature differences, and it explains almost 50% of the intersubject variability in conduction velocity. We hypothesize that the height influence reflects abrupt, rather than gradual, tapering of axons distally. This mode of tapering may help explain the decrements in conduction velocity from proximal to distal nerve segments and from upper to lower extremities, which have long been observed in clinical electromyography. Clinical recognition of this height effect is important lest one label as abnormal an individual with mildly slowed peripheral nerve conduction velocity solely related to large stature. PMID- 7311992 TI - Plasmapheresis as a guide for azathioprine therapy in prednisone-resistant myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7311994 TI - Law-medicine notes. Package inserts for patients: informed consent in the 1980s. PMID- 7311995 TI - Echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary artery wedge pressure. PMID- 7311993 TI - A comparison of plasma vasopressin measurements with a standard indirect test in the differential diagnosis of polyuria. AB - The diagnoses provided by a standard indirect test of vasopressin function were compared with those obtained by radioimmunoassay of plasma vasopressin in 24 patients with nonglucosuric polyuria. All seven cases of severe neurogenic diabetes insipidus diagnosed by the indirect tests were confirmed by the vasopressin assay. However, two of six patients with partial neurogenic diabetes insipidus by indirect criteria had normal vasopressin secretion by the direct assay; one was found to have primary polydipsia, and the other nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Moreover, three of 10 patients diagnosed as having primary polydipsia by the indirect test had clear evidence of partial vasopressin deficiency by the direct assay. The inability of the indirect test to distinguish accurately between partial neurogenic diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia may be explained by increased sensitivity to low concentrations of vasopressin in the former disorder and a reduction of maximal concentrating ability in both. We conclude that the incorporation of a vasopressin assay improves accuracy in the differential diagnosis of polyuria. PMID- 7311996 TI - Rectal administration of metronidazole provides therapeutic plasma levels in postoperative patients. PMID- 7311997 TI - Urolithiasis due to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine in an adult. PMID- 7311998 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 52-1981. A 51-year-old man with upper-airway obstruction and lymphadenopathy. PMID- 7312000 TI - Sounding Board. Falling in boinng again. PMID- 7311999 TI - Verney was right, but... PMID- 7312001 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome associated with diaphragm use. PMID- 7312002 TI - Amiodarone for ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 7312003 TI - Acupuncture and the right to privacy. PMID- 7312004 TI - Anatomy of backpack-strap injury. PMID- 7312005 TI - Drawsheets for prevention of decubitus ulcer. PMID- 7312006 TI - The Ingelfinger rule. PMID- 7312007 TI - Effects of estrogens and progestins on the biochemistry and morphology of the postmenopausal endometrium. AB - To study the effects of exogenous estrogens on the postmenopausal endometrium, and to determine the time course and minimum dosage of added progestins necessary to oppose estrogen stimulation, we obtained endometrial specimens from symptomatic postmenopausal women being treated with various preparations of estrogens and progestins. Morphologic changes were assessed with light and electron microscopy, and biochemical effects through measurement of DNA synthesis, estradiol and progesterone receptors, and isocitric and estradiol dehydrogenase activity. For comparison, identical studies were carried out on specimens from premenopausal women in the proliferative and secretory phases of their cycle. All the estrogens exerted stimulatory effects in the postmenopausal specimens that were comparable to those observed in the premenopausal proliferative-phase specimens. Estropipate, subcutaneous estradiol, and conjugated estrogens had some hyperphysiologic effects. Maximal progestational effects occurred in the postmenopausal specimens only after norethindrone was administered for six days, and a constant level of activity equal to that in premenopausal secretory-phase specimens was then observed until the 10th day of exposure. Similar maximal effects occurred after six days of treatment with D/L norgestrel (150 and 5 mg daily [10 mg daily produced less complete changes]). We conclude that many estrogen preparations subject the endometrium to a potent stimulus. Norethindrone and norgestrel are protective because they counteract the proliferative effects of estrogens, but the currently recommended daily dosages of these progestins can be greatly reduced without loss of response. PMID- 7312008 TI - Ventricular-assist pumping in patients with cardiogenic shock after cardiac operations. AB - A ventricular-assist pump was used to support the circulation in eight patients who could not be separated from cardiopulmonary bypass after open-heart operations. In five patients with left ventricular failure, the systemic circulation was maintained with pumping from the left atrium to the aorta for 7.0 +/- 1.8 days (mean +/- S.E.M.); three of these patients were well four to 17 months after surgery. In two patients with biventricular failure, right and left ventricular bypass supported the circulation, but neither patient survived. One other patient had isolated right ventricular failure; pumping from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery maintained the pulmonary circulation for 2.2 days. This patient lived for 18 months. Use of the ventricular-assist pump in our patients provided complete support of the systemic or pulmonary circulation or both. Profoundly depressed ventricular function is potentially reversible if technical problems in employing the pump can be avoided. PMID- 7312009 TI - Estrogen plus progestin in postmenopausal women. PMID- 7312011 TI - Sounding Board: alcoholism in a medical-school faculty. PMID- 7312010 TI - Ventricular-assist pumping. PMID- 7312012 TI - Suspected Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the winter--epidemic typhus? PMID- 7312013 TI - Treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7312014 TI - Aplastic anemia due to pentachlorophenol. PMID- 7312015 TI - Prevention of narcotic-induced constipation. PMID- 7312016 TI - Pneumoperitoneum complicating status epilepticus. PMID- 7312017 TI - Absorption of staphylococcal toxin in toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7312018 TI - "Data still pending". PMID- 7312019 TI - A bitter cure. PMID- 7312020 TI - Superficial mycoses in Italy. AB - A total of 1244 cases suspected of superficial mycoses were analysed in a period of 12 months in Italy. Dermatophytoses were found in 62.4%; the other common disease was Pityriasis versicolor (44.1%)., The predominant species Epidermophyton floccosum (34,2%) was strikingly high in relation to other statistics; this species was commonest in tinea cruris. Among the other dermatophytes M. canis was predominant (31.3%) commonest in tinea corporis, followed by T. mentagrophytes (17,8%) and T. rubrum (10,3%). A high rate of yeasts was found in tinea manum (81.6%) and tinea pedis (47.7%). ? PMID- 7312021 TI - Moldy walnut toxicosis in a dog, caused by the mycotoxin, penitrem A. AB - Penitrem A was found in moldy walnuts that were involved in an intoxication of a dog in California. Penicillium crustosum was isolated from the walnuts and penitrem A was isolated from extracts of the mycelium of this fungus when it was grown on a synthetic medium. PMID- 7312022 TI - [Preliminary experiments with rats on alkylresorcinols in rye]. AB - Alkylresorcinols are present in some cereals, mainly in rye. Two feeding, growth and nitrogen balance experiments have been performed on rats to investigate the effects of 5-alkylresorcinols contained in a variety of rye. The results obtained from this investigation, tentative though they are because of the small number of animals, suggest that, in growing albino rats, neither the ingestion of feed nor the live weight gain nor the nitrogen retention is influenced by the application of extracted rye (freed from alkylresorcinols) or the excessive addition of rye oil or resorcinol to the diet. PMID- 7312023 TI - Optimalization of the protein content of canned baby-foods based on their nutritive value. AB - When planning canned foods the protein value Net Dietary-protein Energy percent = 8% of a 5-month old infant's requirement was considered as constant. The nutritive value required for this purpose was calculated on the basis of amino acid composition, making use of the Morup-Olesen index. Canned foods were made of two protein-containing components, of sunflower-oil and (occasionally) of starch, by computer, keeping the energy value constant, i. e. 1250 kJ, which covers half of the infant's daily requirement. The optimalization based on the protein value is illustrated by the examples of egg-potato, beef-peas and flour-beans pairs, considering the practical requirements as well. PMID- 7312025 TI - Careers of non-medical graduates in British medical research. PMID- 7312024 TI - [Body composition of light and heavy rats in a high or low fat diet group]. AB - The authors studied the body composition of light and heavy male Wistar rats (approximately 11 and 21 weeks of age) from two diet groups fed a high-fat (HFD, 50 per cent (w/w) fat) and a low-fat diet (LFD, 3 per cent (w/w) fat), respectively. In both age-groups the heavy HFD rats showed a considerably higher fat proportion (as compared with light LFD rats) associated with a correspondingly reduced body water content and an approximately identical body protein concentration. On comparing light and heavy rats (11 and 21 weeks of age) from the same diet group as to their body composition, the authors found greater differences only in the 21-week-old HFD animals; as against light animals, the heavy animals exhibited a highly significant increase in body fat content and a highly significant decrease in body water content. A comparison of LFD and HFD animals of approximately the same weight revealed an increase of the relative body fat content and a decrease of the percentage of body water content in light 11-week-old and also in 21-week-old HFD animals as against heavy LFD animals. PMID- 7312026 TI - The biology of oligodendroglia. PMID- 7312027 TI - Geometry of neonatal neurones and the regulation of synapse elimination. PMID- 7312028 TI - Formation of inverted micelles in dispersions of mixed galactolipids. PMID- 7312029 TI - Malaria debated. PMID- 7312030 TI - The role of gene dosage and genetic transpositions in carcinogenesis. PMID- 7312031 TI - Structure of vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein from bovine intestine. PMID- 7312032 TI - Epithelial cells of Hydra are dye-coupled. PMID- 7312033 TI - Immunization against blood-stage rodent malaria using purified parasite antigens. PMID- 7312034 TI - Lateral diffusion of lipids in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is area limited. PMID- 7312035 TI - Molecular dynamics of hydrogen bonds in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor protein. PMID- 7312037 TI - Increase in faecal nitrosamines in Japanese individuals given a Western diet. PMID- 7312038 TI - Persistent behavioural effect in apomorphine in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. PMID- 7312036 TI - Dual function transcripts specifying tRNA and mRNA. PMID- 7312039 TI - Multiple tubulin forms are expressed by a single neurone. PMID- 7312040 TI - Enrichment of satellite DNA on the nuclear matrix of bovine cells. PMID- 7312042 TI - Parasites affect behaviour of mice. PMID- 7312041 TI - New pathways for chlorinated dioxins. PMID- 7312043 TI - Dipoles of the alpha-helix and beta-sheet: their role in protein folding. PMID- 7312044 TI - The regulatory subunit of adenylate cyclase interacts with cytoskeletal components. PMID- 7312045 TI - Non-muscle alpha actinins are calcium-sensitive actin-binding proteins. PMID- 7312046 TI - Stress does not alter the conformation of a domain of the myosin cross-bridge in rigor muscle fibres. PMID- 7312047 TI - Synthesis of an unspliced cytoplasmic message by an adenovirus 5 deletion mutant. PMID- 7312048 TI - Pulmonary vein as an ectopic focus in digitalis-induced arrhythmia. PMID- 7312049 TI - Hybridoma technology identifies protective malaria antigens. PMID- 7312050 TI - Two conserved sequence blocks within eukaryotic tRNA genes are major promoter elements. AB - The split promoter sequences of a tRNALeuCUG gene of Xenopus laevis have been mapped to nucleotides 13-20 and 51-64 of the tRNALeu coding sequences. The sequences closely coincide with two conserved sequence blocks present in all eukaryotic tRNA genes. The two conserved sequence blocks were found to be exchangeable between tRNA genes as chimaeric tRNAMet--tRNALeu genes proved transcriptionally active. Furthermore, two prokaryotic tRNA genes exhibiting strong homologies with the two blocks yielded specific transcripts when tested in an eukaryotic transcriptional system. PMID- 7312051 TI - Human immunoglobulin D segments encoded in tandem multigenic families. AB - A family of germ-line immunoglobulin D-region genes has been cloned and mapped at regular intervals along a 33-kilobase length of human chromosomal DNA. Each member of the family varies slightly in sequence, but precisely conserves the recombinational signals and spacing that flank each gene. This region seems to have been formed by the tandem amplification of large and still well conserved segments of genomic DNA. Further, structural comparisons of germ-line and rearranged D segments suggest that D segments may recombine with each other. PMID- 7312053 TI - [Intercostal hernia]. PMID- 7312052 TI - Polycythaemia- and anaemia-inducing strains of spleen focus-forming virus differ in post-translational processing of envelope-related glycoproteins. PMID- 7312054 TI - [A measuring apparatus for pacemaker interference by electromagnetic fields]. PMID- 7312055 TI - [Clinical pharmacology in the Netherlands - research, education and authorities]. PMID- 7312056 TI - [Plasmapheresis as a component of treatment]. PMID- 7312057 TI - [Contact allergy to an arsenic containing drug administered intravaginally]. PMID- 7312058 TI - [Cervix carcinoma and carcinoma in situ in the Haarlem region in the period 1965 1979]. PMID- 7312059 TI - [Experiences in the care of elderly heart patients following the acute stage]. PMID- 7312060 TI - [A partial myocardial risk function calculated on the basis of a Dutch case reference study]. PMID- 7312061 TI - [Gangrene following intra-arterial injections]. PMID- 7312062 TI - [Addiction to drugs in physicians]. PMID- 7312063 TI - [A patient with thirst and increasing reduction in vision]. PMID- 7312064 TI - [The anamnesis in urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 7312065 TI - [Congenital dysplasia of the hip joint; a study in well-baby clinics in Groningen]. PMID- 7312066 TI - [The effect of rehabilitation following a first heart infarct in middle-aged men on longevity and cardiac health]. PMID- 7312067 TI - [The effect of rehabilitation following a first heart infarct in middle-aged men on resumption of work after 3-5 years]. PMID- 7312068 TI - [Cimetidine and stomach carcinoma]. PMID- 7312069 TI - [Surgical leg lengthening; a preliminary report]. PMID- 7312070 TI - [Dysplastic nevus syndrome, familial predisposition toward getting melanomas]. PMID- 7312071 TI - [Coumarin resistance and vitamin K1]. PMID- 7312073 TI - Electrophoretic mobility profiles of mouse leukemias: I. Electrophoresis of normal mouse thymus and lymph node cell populations. AB - Anodic electrophoretic mobility of thymocytes and lymph node cells from random bred ICR Swiss mice was examined. Three cell populations were identified which differed in their surface charge as reflected in their distinct mean AEM and in their time of appearance during the course of life. The first electrophoretically slow-moving population with a mean AEM of 0.97 microns sec-1 V-1 cm was detected in the early postnatal period. In the first month after birth, the first population was replaced by a second, slower-moving population with a mean AEM of 0.83 microns sec-1 V-1 cm. In the second month after birth, a third, fast-moving population with a mean AEM value of 1.24 microns sec-1 V-1 cm appeared in addition to the second cell population. The third population constituted only a minority of thymus cells and continued to be present, as well as the second cell population, up to two years of age. Lymph node cells of ICR mice showed a typical bimodal electrophoretic distribution; fast LNC displayed a mean AEM of 1.18 microns sec-1 V-1 cm whereas slow LNC that of 0.76 microns sec-1 V-1 cm. The percentage of cells in the fast- and slow-moving LNC subpopulations was similar to the expected percentage of T and B LNC. Fractionation of the ICR LNC on nylon wool columns revealed that the majority of the fast-moving LNC corresponded to the nonadherent Thy 1.2+ lymphocytes and the majority of the slow-moving LNC to the nylon wool-adherent sIg+ lymphocytes. PMID- 7312072 TI - Nucleolar silver stained granules in rat Yoshida sarcoma cells after RNA synthesis inhibition. AB - The number of nucleolar silver stained granules representing nucleolus organizer regions in interphase nuclei was studied in Yoshida ascitic sarcoma cells without and after the inhibition of the nucleolar RNA synthesis with actinomycin D or cyclophosphamide. The results demonstrated that the number of nucleolar silver stained granules decreased after the inhibition of the nucleolar RNA synthesis with these drugs disregarding the mode of their action. In addition, the decrease of nucleolar silver stained granules in number produced by actinomycin D was dose dependent. Similarly, the number of nucleoli without silver stained granules increased depending on the dose of the administered actinomycin D. PMID- 7312074 TI - Effectivity of living and non-living BCG vaccine on experimental metastatic spread in mice and the stimulation of the reticulohistiocytic system (RHS). AB - Heat-killed or formalin-killed BCG vaccine caused statistically significant increases in weight of lungs, spleen and liver, which were in the same range as after administration of equal doses of viable BCG vaccine. Similarly, there was no quantitative or temporal difference in the phosphatase-positive proliferations of the RHS in liver spleen and lungs when using identical doses of viable or heat or formalin-killed BCG vaccines. The metastasis-prophylactic effect demonstrated for viable BCG was present also after administration of the killed vaccines to a statistically significant degree. The increases in organ weight, extent of phosphatase-positive proliferation foci in liver, spleen and lungs as well as the metastasis-prophylactic effect were entirely identical; they seem to be in a close relationship with each other. PMID- 7312075 TI - Carcinogenicity of trichloromethine hydrochloride (TS-160 Spofa) and morphological damage after its intraamniotic injection. AB - The cytostatic TS-160 (trichloromethine hydrochloride, tris-/2-chloroethyl/amine hydrochloride) was injected subcutaneously into SPF Wistar rats of both sexes. After all doses used, spindle-cell or even polymorphocellular sarcomas developes at the injection sites in both sexes: after the dose of 0.1 mg/kg daily for 6 months, in 70%; after 0.25 mg/kg, in 79%; and after 1.0 mg/kg weekly for 6 months, in 45% of the rats. Besides, in 21% of the rats receiving the dosage of 0.25 mg/kg mucus-secreting intestinal adenocarcinomas were found. A relationship was apparent between the incidence figures of subcutaneous tumors on the one hand and the daily injection of the low dose versus the intermittent injection of the dose higher by a decimal order on the other hand. In a concurrent test, TS-160 was given to rats in intraamniotic injection on day 18 of pregnancy in doses of 1, 2.5, and 5 micrograms per embryo. On the first postnatal days, in the affected young rats there were observed morphogenetic disturbances: splanchnocrania and juvenile hair alopecia. These changes became repaired in the further course of postnatal development. PMID- 7312076 TI - Human malignant melanoma heterotransplanted to nude mice. AB - Five different human malignant melanoma were heterotransplanted subcutaneously to nude mice. When small tissue pieces were used 3 out of 5 tumors grew. Subcutaneous injections of suspended tumor cells were also made, but all failed to take. Metastatic or infiltrative growth was never seen in the mice observed for up to 2.5 months. The successful grafts largely retained the original morphologicaL features. The three successfully transplanted tumors could all be serially transferred with 100% tumor take. In one case passage time was reduced from 40 days to 15 days. As measured with 3H-thymidine incorporation the proliferation rate increased during the passages. These changes might be due to a selection of more rapidly growing tumor cells in the nudes. PMID- 7312077 TI - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity in patients with neoplasma during surgical treatment. AB - In 22 patients with alimentary tract neoplasma, granulocyte alkaline phosphatase activity was determined using the Kaplow's histochemical method. The enzyme activity was determined in peripheral blood before surgical intervention, in blood from vessel draining of tumor before its excision and in peripheral blood 2 -3 weeks after excision of tumor. In paralleled tests the enzyme activity was estimated in peripheral blood of 22 healthy individuals. The study indicates that alkaline phosphatase activity of granulocytes is evidently lower in comparison to the controls. Decrease of this enzyme activity in granulocytes from vessels draining tumor and increase of this activity after removal of the tumor suggest that tumor may affect the activity of this enzyme. It seems possible that for decrease of bactericidal capacity of granulocytes in patients with neoplasma the reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity of granulocytes may partly be responsible. PMID- 7312078 TI - Results of radiotherapy of carcinoma laryngis in relation to the mode of dose fractionation. AB - The effectiveness of a new fractionation scheme of radiotherapy of carcinoma laryngis was investigated. The irradiation was applied every second day 3 times a week with a fractionation dose of 4 Gy and 3.5 Gy--TD 52 or 52.5 Gy. The results from 95 patients were compared with those from 129 patients irradiated with the conventional fractionation. The cumulative results of primarily healed patients treated with the new fractionation scheme proved significantly better. In supraglottic carcinoma the results of primary healing were on the whole better, although statistical significance could be proved only in stages I and II. In glottic carcinoma, a difference of statistical significance was found in the total number of patients in stages I and III. A higher effectiveness was noted in the 3.5 Gy as against the 4 Gy fractionation. A higher frequency of stronger mucous reactions and delayed radiation oedema occurred with the new fractionation scheme. No complications of a serious degree occurred. PMID- 7312079 TI - Detection of early forms of breast cancer by mass screening examinations. AB - Data are presented on the results of the complex prophylactic examinations of women at Prof. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of Health for the period of 1976--1980. Four annual prophylactic examinations (clinical method, thermography, mammography, biopsy) of 4823 women over 35 years of age revealed breast cancer in 51 persons (i.e. in 1.05% of the examined women). In 52.9% of cases tumors were revealed by clinical examination + mammography, in 29.4% by mammography alone, in 17.5% by clinical examination alone. In 38 out of 51 breast cancer patients (i.e. in 74.5% of cases) the detected tumors were less than 2 cm in diameter (stage I, "minimal" and preinvasive carcinomas). PMID- 7312080 TI - 14C-arginine-rich basic proteins in ascitic fluid of Ehrlich tumor. AB - With the use of 14C-arginine it is shown that among the ascitic fluid proteins of Ehrlich tumor there appear basic proteins rich in arginine with the content of amino acid about 14%. The amount of these proteins is about 3%. They exhibit great similarity in respect to arginine content, electrophoretic mobility to the arginine rich basic proteins isolated previously from the cytosol of Ehrlich tumor cells. PMID- 7312081 TI - Renal tubular acidosis and osteopetrosis in siblings. PMID- 7312082 TI - Consumption coagulopathy in acute renal failure induced by hypolipotropic diets. AB - Weanling male rats fed on a hypolipotropic diet develop acute renal failure whose morphological features vary from focal tubular necrosis to cortical necrosis. We have sequentially studied the hemostatic mechanism in correlation with the morphology of various tissues, mainly renal and hepatic, in choline-deficient rats as well as in three control groups. No important changes were observed in the hemostatic mechanisms before the development of tubular necrosis. Along with tubular necrosis a consumption coagulopathy was found, evidenced mainly by a decrease in the activity of factors V and VIII as well as a prolongation in PTTK and Quick's time and a decrease in platelets. Fibrin degradation products were found in serum and urine and soluble fibrin monomer complexes in the former. Following tubular necrosis thrombi were found in the renal microvasculature. It is possible to speculate that the tubular necrosis induced by choline deficiency could produce an activation of the coagulation system which in turn would lead to thrombosis of the renal microcirculation and cortical necrosis. PMID- 7312084 TI - Impaired intestinal digoxin absorption in experimental chronic uremia. PMID- 7312083 TI - Iron absorption in patients on regular dialysis therapy. AB - Various haematological, ferrokinetic and iron absorption measurements were carried out on 15 patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing regular haemodialysis. There was no evidence that the rate of iron absorption was impaired significantly by the depressed erythropoietic activity present in these patients. In contrast, there was a significant inverse correlation between the rate of iron absorption and the serum ferritin concentration, which has been shown to be an index of the size of the iron stores. This relationship, which was shown with both small (3 mg) and large (50 mg) doses of ferrous iron, was no different from that previously noted in subjects with normal renal function. These results suggest that iron deficiency in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing regular haemodialysis can be adequately prevented or treated with oral iron therapy, since the absorptive mechanism for iron appears to be normal. PMID- 7312085 TI - Peritonitis during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: improving patient defense by type of buffer of dialysate? PMID- 7312086 TI - Serum reverse triiodothyronine (3,3',5'-L-triiodothyronine) in end-stage renal failure. PMID- 7312087 TI - [Arteriovenous malformations in deep cerebral area. Topographic classification. Therapeutic possibilities and results about 46 cases (authors' translation)]. AB - The authors study the clinical dispositions of 46 arteriovenous malformations developed in deep cerebral area and detected in 41 cases by an haemorrhagic accident and after make a radiological classification. They class the M.A.V. of nucleus centralis with the localizations of the nucleus caudate's head, the insula and lentiformis nucleus and the capsulo thalamic area; the ventriculo cisternalis M.A.V., the corpus callosum M.A.V. and complicated forms. With this classification they analyse the different operative technics that permit to obtain a complete extirpation in 26 cases about 39 operated patients. The results are excellent in 19 cases, good for 8 cases and mediocre in 4 cases. Eight patients are died during post operative time. The most important factors for the final result are the disturbance of consciousness before operative time and the malformations developed about several anatomical area. At last the authors insist on the fact that, if during next years, the embolism technics are not effective, the operation will be indicate in spite of the technical difficulties because the spontaneous evolution is always dangerous. PMID- 7312088 TI - [Critical Study of 100 intracranial sustentorial aneurysms operated (authors' translation)]. PMID- 7312089 TI - [Occlusion of vertebral artery. About 33 cases. Therapeutic implications (authors' translation)]. AB - 33 occlusions of the vertebral artery on 29 patients were observed from 44 vertebro-basilar strokes and 20 sylvian infarcts (respectively 17 and 5 cases). 7 other cases were related to tumour, trauma or surgical ligation and were asymptomatic. In 10 out of 13 strokes could be related to a reduction of flow because of bilateral lesions onr on dominant artery. In 7 out of 9 occlusions without controlateral lesion embolism could be evoked. These results are analysed with the aim of defining indications for anastomosis on the vertebral artery. PMID- 7312090 TI - [Surgical treatment in Cushing's disease (authors' translation)]. AB - We are presenting a series of 23 patients with Cushing disease selected from a larger study in which the ectopic production of ACTH (paraneoplastic or tumoral), adrenal adenoma or carcinoma were discarded. Sixteen were female and seven male. Diagnosis was fundamentally realized by clinical manifestations derived from hypercortisolism (obesity, muscular atrophy, diabetes, osteoporosis or polyglubulia). The polytomography demonstrated a deformed sella in 19 patients. Endocrine exams showed an alteration in rhythm of Cortisol and elevated levels of urinary metabolites. Others exams, Liddle Test, Metopirona Test, or stimulation of exogenic ACTH did not always permit diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. Plasmatic dosage of ACTH is the best test although results did not always agree with clinical manifestations. In each case we performed clinical treatment in preparation for surgery and later selective removal of adenoma or total pituitary ablation by transphenoidal approach. Of 21 patients, we found an adenoma during surgery in 15; the other 6 on whom we performed a total hypophysectomy, the pathological study showed an adenoma in 5 and a hyperemic gland with thick capillaries in 1. Another type of treatment was used on 2 due to their age. Nine patients were given post-operative radiotherapy. We conclude that microsurgery by transphenoidal approach offers the best possibilities for patients with Cushing disease. PMID- 7312091 TI - [Comparative trial of a new epidural transducer for intracranial pressure monitoring (author's translation)]. AB - The measurement of intracranial pressure using a new epidural pressure transducer has been compared with the classical method of measuring intraventricular pressure. Comparative measures in vitro have been carried out with acid of an enclosure in which the hydrostatic pressure can be varied. Four positions of the epidural transducer with the respect to the dura mater have been studied; of these, only one, coplanarity between the epidural transducer and the dura, gives an excellent correlation between values of epidural pressure and hydrostatic pressure. Twenty-nine prolonged recordings have been carried out in vivo. Fifteen of these have given comparable recordings for E.D.P. and I.V.P. In the other fourteen cases the recordings were considered non comparable, either because of a significant difference between the average values of E.D.P. and P.I.V. or because the two curves were not parallel. It is considered that these differences are due to the problems of correctly positioning the epidural pressure transducer and hence an inability to achieve the condition of coplanarity. These problems should be resolved by a modification of the method of positioning the epidural pressure transducer. The use of this type of materiel is of interest for the monitoring of the I.C.P. of neurosurgical patients, as the epidural pressure follows the variations of I.C.P. and indicates pressures waves when they exist. PMID- 7312092 TI - [Anatomy of intradural anastomoses between cervical nerve roots (authors' translation)]. AB - In cases of cervical radiculopathy manifested by neural deficit, the exact localization of nerve root compression is hampered by anatomical variations such as anastomoses between bundles of adjacent segmental nerve roots inside the dural sac. A dissecting microscope study of the microsurgical anatomy of cervical nerve roots was carried out on 23 spinal cords, and four types of anastomoses were described. On the basis of embryological observations, the occurrence of such connections between neighboring posterior nerve roots can be explained. PMID- 7312093 TI - [Aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull (authors' translation)]. PMID- 7312094 TI - [Intrasellar abscess into a cyst of the Rathke's pouch (authors' translation)]. AB - The authors report a case of abscessified cyst the pouch of Rathke similar to that published by Obenchain in 1972 and Menault in 1979. The clinical picture was determined for recurrent meningeal burst without signs of intracraneal pressure nor optochiasmatic involvement. The spinal fluid showed pleocitosis and hyperprotein. No bacterial growth was demonstrated. Antibiotic therapy had no effect on the clinical follow-up. C.T. was unable to show the location of the lesion evidenced by pneumocisternography. Though a subfrontal approach was emptied an abscess in the sella turcica, with walls formed for tissue of he Rathke's pouch. A few months later a new meningeal burst occurred and a recurrence of the abscess was confirmed at operation. The follow-up was of progressive neurological deterioration with exitus letalis a few days later. Abscessified sella tumors ahd been rarely reported in the literature : chromophobe adenoma appeared most frequently and only in 3 cases within craniopharyngiomas. Diagnostic difficulties arise from the lack of focal symptoms and from the failure of some neuroradiological procedures to demonstrate the lesion. The high risk of recurrence and the poor prognosis of these abscess will be discused. Although a similar embryological origin the cyst the Rathke's cleft and the craniopharingiomas present pathological aspects that made each other differenciable. PMID- 7312095 TI - Molecular mechanism of sweet taste: relationship of hydrogen bonding to taste sensitivity for both young and elderly. AB - Taste detection thresholds for 11 sweeteners varying widely in chemical structure were determined for young and elderly subjects. The rank orders of the thresholds for young and elderly were highly correlated (Spearman's rho=0.976) although the thresholds were 2.72 times higher on the average for the elderly when compared with the young. This decreased sensitivity was statistically highly significant, p=0.000266. Sweeteners with the lowest detection thresholds tended to have the greatest number of units (AH-B systems) capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. In addition, use of the method of magnitude estimation with 10 sweeteners revealed that the elderly perceived less growth in intensity with increasing concentration than young subjects. The slopes of the psychophysical functions relating concentration and perceived intensity were flatter in all cases for elderly subjects; the mean ratio, slope(young)/slope(elderly), was 2.06. The largest relative decline in slope was found for those stimuli with the greatest number of possible AH-B types, suggesting that the possibilities for concerted intermolecular hydrogen bonding may decline with age. If the elderly compensate for their diminished taste acuity with increased consumption, they may constitute a population with higher than average risk of any adverse dose-related biological effects of artificial sweeteners. PMID- 7312097 TI - Aging and haloperidol-induced dopamine turnover in the nigro-striatal pathway of C57BL/6J mice. AB - The responsiveness of male C57BL/6J mice to acute haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg, IP) was studied throughout the average adult lifespan (4, 8, 12, 21, 28 months) by effects on dopamine (DA) turnover, as estimated by DA loss after alpha-methyl-p tyrosine (AMPT). Previously, striatal receptors for spiroperidol (a related butyrophenone) decreased progressively after 3 months to a loss of 40% by 28 months [29]. Haloperidol treatment (2 hours) accelerated striatal DA turnover similarly in all age groups, by about 100%. The haloperidol-induced accumulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was not significantly impaired in AMPT treated mice with age. These results suggest that the age-related loss of butyrophenone binding sites may not limit acute compensatory responses to blockade of the remaining sites by a large dose of haloperidol. Regional differences in DA metabolism were detected between the substantia nigra (cell bodies and dendrites) and striatum (axonal terminals). Dopamine turnover and DOPAC levels were less in striatum than in substantia nigra; each region had a characteristic DOPAC/DA ratio (nigra, 38%; striatum, 7%); and, DOPAC levels did not precisely covary with DA turnover between regions. The constancy of DOPAC/DA ratios in controls and after AMPT treatment, in all ages suggests that a constant fraction of DA continued to be released and catabolized to DOPAC despite major decrease of DA after blockade of synthesis of DA. PMID- 7312096 TI - Life-span alterations in visually evoked potentials and inhibitory function. AB - Visually evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited by patterned and unpatterned flashes were recorded from 211 healthy males aged 4-90 years. A measure of similarity between the two kinds of VEPs was obtained by correlating the digital values comprising the two waveforms. Across the life-span, correlations followed a U shaped curve; patterned and unpatterned flash VEPs were most alike for the youngest and oldest subjects. This age effect, localized to scalp areas overlying visual cortex, is compatible with a concept of reduced inhibitory functioning within the visual systems of the young and the old. At central scalp, patterned and unpatterned flash VEP waveforms were more effectively differentiated by the right hemisphere. This observation agrees that the right hemisphere specializes in analyses of spatial material. PMID- 7312098 TI - Choline chloride fails to improve cognition of Alzheimer's disease. AB - Seven mildly to moderately demented patients with Alzheimer's disease were treated with either placebo or choline chloride (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/24 hrs) in a double blind, crossover study. Detailed psychometric analysis was carried out at the end of each two-week period of drug or placebo administration. No subjects showed significant overall improvement at any dose level despite more than a doubling of the baseline plasma choline level. PMID- 7312099 TI - Behavioral effects of phosphatidylserine in aged rats. AB - The behavioral effects of 5 days of administration of phosphatidylserine (PS) was studied in aged rats. The intraperitoneal (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular (5, 10, and 20 micrograms/2 microliters) injection of PS liposomes caused a facilitated acquisition of active avoidance behavior as studied in shuttle-box and pole jumping test situations. The retention of active and passive avoidance responses was also improved. No substantial difference between PS-treated and control animals was apparent either in the responsiveness to electrical footshock or in the motor activity tested in an open field. Grooming behavior appeared to be enhanced in rats treated with the highest dose of the substance. Since PS affects both central catecholaminergic and cholinergic transmission, which is known to be impaired in old animals, the possibility that the behavioral effects of PS involve brain dopamine and/or acetylcholine systems is discussed. PMID- 7312100 TI - Differential effects of age on motor performance in two mouse strains. AB - The performance of male A/J and C57BL/6J mice from three age groups (4, 18, and 24 months) was observed in a battery of tests designed to assess age-related impairments in motor abilities. A/J mice were superior to C57BL/6J mice in tasks requiring upper body strength, such as tests of grip strength and tightrope performance. C57BL/6J mice were superior performers in tasks requiring balance and coordination, such as movement on stationary and rotating rods. In addition, the C57BL/6J strain generally exhibited greater locomotor activity, such as measured in open field and wheel-running tests. Significant age-related deficits were observe among A/J mice in tests of grip strength, balance rod, rotorod, and wheel activity; and among C57BL/6J mice, in balance, rod, tightrope, exploratory activity, and wheel activity tests. Except for scores of exploratory activity (free versus forced exploration), the test measures tended to be uncorrelated; however, the degree and magnitude of intercorrelation among test scores increased with age. The results underscore the need to consider genotype in the assessment of age-related motor impairments in animal models. PMID- 7312101 TI - Levels and syntheses of cerebrosides and sulfatides in subcellular fractions of jimpy mutants. AB - During the period of brain development, the levels of nonhydroxy- and hydroxycerebrosides in the cytosol from brains of jimpy mutants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and compared to those in the rest of the particulates from the same brains as well as those in the littermate controls. The concentrations of cerebrosides in jimpy brain preparations were much lower than in controls at all ages. In another experiment, [U-14C]glucose was injected intraperitoneally into jimpy mutants and their littermate controls. The amounts of radioactivity incorporated into cerebrosides and sulfatides in brain cytosol, the microsome-rich fraction, and the rest of the heavier particles were determined. Although the total radioactivity incorporated into these lipids was much lower in jimpy, the specific activities were 2-3 times the control value in all subcellular fractions. PMID- 7312102 TI - An efficient washing procedures for thymidine kinase assay. PMID- 7312103 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography of the common carotid artery in persons of different age]. AB - The author carried out ultrasonography of the common carotid arteries by the method based on Doppler's phenomenon in 100 subjects aged 16--86 years. The maximal, minimal and mean flow velocity, vascular resistance, and symmetry and shape of the recorded curve were evaluated. Early and progressing with age changes were found in the curve indicating decreasing vascular wall elasticity. The maximal flow velocity decreased also rapidly. On the other hand, the mean and the minimal flow velocity and the index of vascular resistance remained without substantial changes up to the age of 70 years. In later age the minimal and mean flow velocity decreased rapidly and the index of vascular resistance increased greatly. This suggested accelerated rate of atherosclerosis development and/or exhaustion of compensatory mechanisms. In 3 cases of considerable asymmetry of the curve was observed caused by asymptomatic stenosis of one artery. Doppler ultrasonography could be useful at the time of intensification and evolution of atherosclerotic changes in the carotid arteries, and their effect on the condition of cerebral circulation. PMID- 7312104 TI - [Venous Doppler ultrasonography in early diagnosis of lower limb thrombophlebitis in stroke]. AB - Patients with brain strokes are particularly prone to development of venous thrombosis in the paretic extremities, and the diagnosis of this thrombosis is very difficult. This raises the risk of pulmonary embolism. The authors studied venous circulation in 50 patients with brain strokes using the method of ultrasonography based on Doppler's phenomenon. Signs of venous thrombosis were demonstrated in 11 cases. Venous thrombosis was diagnosed when the following signs were simultaneously present: slowing down of venous flow of considerable degree (by above 50%), abolition of cyclic fluctuations in flow velocity depending in respiration, and absence of blood flow acceleration after pressure exerted on muscles. Thrombosis can be diagnosed, frequently, before the appearance of local signs or in case of doubtful clinical manifestations. Doppler ultrasonography is a simple diagnostic method which can be repeated without restrictions and makes possible conduction of motor rehabilitation of patients under steady control of venous circulation. Owing to this venous thrombosis can be diagnoses early and treated accordingly reducing the risk of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7312105 TI - [Electroencephalographic studies in thrombosis of extracranial arteries]. AB - In 60 patients with arteriographically confirmed changes in extracranial arteries EEG investigations were carried out. In 15 of them surgical interventions were performed for restoring the patency of the involved artery. EEG curves were studied for finding abnormalities in cases of changes in definite groups of arteries (internal carotid, arteries of the aortic arch), and correlations were sought for between the extent of thrombosis and EEG curves. In the patients treated surgically EEG curves were compared before and after the operation. The author concludes that changes limited to the internal carotid artery lying which is situated nearer to the head can produce larger foci of cerebral ischaemia and greater intensity of EEG changes. In the surgically treated patients EEG records were improved after the operation in most cases, which shows that restoration of arterial patency exerts a favourable effect on the cerebral circulation evidenced in EEG improvement. PMID- 7312106 TI - [Immunoglobulins A, M, and G in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ischemic stroke]. AB - In 70 cases of ischaemic brain strokes and 25 cases serving as a reference group the levels of immunoglobulin A, M, G were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid. The obtained results demonstrated that in the studied group the mean levels of IgA and IgM and total protein were increased in the cerebrospinal fluid. The value of IgG was unchanged in relation to the control group. The rise in the mean levels of IgA and IgM was not always parallel with the rise in the total protein level. The authors discuss the importance of blood-brain barrier. Its role seems plausible in cases with raised levels of immunoglobulins and total protein. These changes in the levels of immunoglobulins can be a result of various concomitant local and systemic factors. PMID- 7312107 TI - [Effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine treatment on nonspecific immunological reactivity in epilepsy]. AB - Immunological investigations were carried out assessing the humoral and cell mediated immunity in 22 patients with epilepsy before starting treatment and at least one year after the onset of treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine. Sixteen patients were treated with phenytoin and 6 with carbamazepine. In the group treated with phenytoin a statistically significant fall was observed in the serum level of IgG and a decrease in the value of blastic transformation of lymphocytes after stimulation with PHA and PPD with a rise in the number of lymphocytes forming total rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. In the group treated with carbamazepine only a statistically significant fall was observed in blastic transformation of lymphocytes stimulated with PHA, and a trend was noticed for increasing serum IgG and IgM levels. The observed changes in immunological reactivity caused by administration of phenytoin and carbamazepine show that these drugs exert an immunomodulating effect, but changes produced by them are slight and caused no immune deficit in the observed group. PMID- 7312108 TI - [Health status of children born to mothers with epilepsy]. AB - The authors studied 168 children of mothers with the diagnosis of epilepsy, with 94 of them aged below 15 years whose conception occurred already during the disease of the mother. The control group included 94 children of healthy mothers. These groups of children were matched for sex and age. The general condition was analysed with particular reference to congenital anomalies, neurological condition and psychological investigation. A statistically significantly higher frequency of seizures was observed in the children of epileptic mothers as compared with controls. Occurrence of epileptic seizures and treatment with anticonvulsants in pregnancy create an additional risk of congenital anomalies developing in offsprings, it is possible that they predispose also to premature labours. No significant effect on the psychic state of the children was found. PMID- 7312109 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the amygdaloid body and hippocampus on bioelectrical activity recorded from these structures and from skull surface in epilepsy]. AB - The authors discuss the morphology of records of spontaneous and stimulated bioelectric activity in an analysis of selected 15 EEG records using electric stimulation of deep temporal structures using relatively low parameters of stimulation (optimal: 2--3 V, 50 Hz, 1 msec, duration 5 sec). Attention is called also to the fact that seizure activity is absent in leads from skull surface during long-lasting bioelectric seizure activity in deep cerebral structures. It is concluded that induction of afterdischarges and analysis of the directions of their spread may be of practical importance from the point of view of diagnosis and therapy. The authors state also that induction of bioelectric afterdischarges in deep temporal structures, particularly in the hippocampus caused in these patients no disturbances of consciousness and memory. PMID- 7312110 TI - [Remote results of treatment of dorso-medial intervertebral disk displacement]. AB - The paper contains a clinical analysis of 23 cases of dorsomedial intervertebral disc prolapse in the lumbar spine treated surgically with stress laid on late results, which were evaluated in follow up. The results were compared with the rate of increase of clinical manifestations, clinical conditions of the patients, and time from the onset of prolapse to the operation. The methods of operation were not analysed. The results were compared with those reported in the literature and were found unsatisfactory. Particularly unsatisfactory results were found in the group of patients with sudden onset of the disease and with development of serious neurological manifestations in a short time. It is stressed that early surgical intervention in such cases can prevent development of irreversible changes and can improve significantly the results of surgical treatment of dorsomedial intervertebral disc prolapse with full blockade of the cerebrospinal fluid spaces in the lumbar part of the spine. PMID- 7312111 TI - [Multiple intracranial aneurysms]. AB - Thirteen patients treated surgically for multiple intracranial aneurysms are described. They accounted for 12% of all patients with intracranial aneurysms diagnosed by arteriography. The incidence of multiple intracranial aneurysms, their location, surgical tactics and results of surgical intervention are discussed in the light of an analysis of own results and a survey of the pertinent literature. PMID- 7312112 TI - [Case of myasthenia gravis preceded by viral encephalitis in a 13-year-old girl]. PMID- 7312114 TI - [Bathtub stretcher for bathing seriously ill patients]. PMID- 7312113 TI - [Case of moyamoya disease complicated by depression]. PMID- 7312115 TI - [Circulation of the spinal cord (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312116 TI - [Surgical treatment of IC-ophthalmic aneurysm (technical note) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312118 TI - [Laboratory application of the specific gravimetric technique for the study of brain edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312117 TI - [Evaluation of CPK isoenzyme in head injury (author's transl)]. AB - Total creatine phosphokinase (t-CPK) and its isoenzyme were measured frequently after admission in 25 case of head injuries. Interesting changes of CPK were detected especially in initial stage. T-CPK increased up to 3-4 days after admission and subsided to normal level within 2 weeks. CPK-BB was demonstrated in 15 cases, and the elevated CPK-BB disappeared within 24 hours in most cases. In relation to the findings of computed tomography (CT), CPK-BB was demonstrated more frequently in the cases showing complex of high density area (HDA) and low density area (LDA) or LDA only, than in those showing HDA. PMID- 7312119 TI - [Computed tomography in the foramen magnum and high cervical cord lesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312120 TI - [Measurement of regional blood flow using hydrogen gas generated by electrolysis (author's transl)]. AB - Electrolytically generated hydrogen gas used to measure local blood flow by Stosseck et al. The data obtained by their method, however, did not correlated well with that obtained by original Aukland's method, hydrogen clearance method. We have tried to record the concentration of hydrogen gas after electrolytic generation of hydrogen gas at the white matter of the mongrel dogs. As a result, we found that its curves could be approximated to monoexponential curves during the first several minutes. This fact was also noticed in the experiment, in which circulation had been stopped due to cardiac arrest. A simple equation to calculate the regional blood flow was brought out through the approximation mentioned above. The values calculated by this new equation correlated well with that obtained by original hydrogen clearance method. This new method to detect the regional blood flow is simple and easy. Therefore it may contribute to some experiments, especially to the experiments with small animals. PMID- 7312122 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of the CNS - case report with pathological and immunological studies (author's transl)]. AB - A 43-year-old man underwent a surgical total removal of a tumor followed by radiotherapy (a total of 6,000 rad of 60Co) and chemotherapy. In the preoperative CT scan, a well-defined, nodular-shaped tumor was found in the left parietal region. This tumor disappeared when the combination treatment had been completed. Subsequently, CT scan demonstrated multifocal tumors with involvement of the roof of the fourth ventricle, frontal cortex and lateral ventricle. The patient expired 20 months after the onset of symptoms. The tumors in the frontal lobes, left thalamus and subdural space of the upper cervical cord showed dense sheets of polymorphous, large to medium-sized lymphocytes. The microscopic findings were interpreted as showing malignant lymphoma, lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, diffuse. Immunologically, E rosettes were formed by sheep red blood cells around the tumor cells. Immunofluorescence technique failed to demonstrate IgG, IgM and/or IgA in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. By scanning electron microscopy, the tumor cells were devoid of microvilli. PMID- 7312121 TI - [Neurological manifestations of nasopharyngeal malignant tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312123 TI - [Vertebral angiography of cervical dumbbell neurinomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312124 TI - [Postoperative epidural hematoma - five case of epidural hematomas developed after supratentorial craniotomy on the contralateral side (author's transl)]. AB - Postoperative epidural hematomas developed far from the operative field are generally recognized as a complication of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, ventricular drainage or suboccipital craniotomy. It is very rare but may occur after supratentorial craniotomy on the contralateral side. Five such cases are presented with a review of the relevant literature. The mechanism of this complication is not clearly understood. In hydrocephalus, these massive epidural hematomas are probably caused by dura-skull detachment when the brain volume is strikingly reduced by a decompressive procedure. On rare occasions, pins of head rest may detach the dura and cause epidural hematomas. When sudden brain swelling during craniotomy is encountered, attention should be directed not only to intracerebral hemorrhage but also epidural hematoma developed on the contralateral side. PMID- 7312125 TI - [A case of acoustic neurinoma simulating subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - A 49-year-old male, who had been suffering from left hearing disturbance before 5 years, suddenly developed severe headache, nausea and vomiting on January 3, 1979. Both plain and enhanced CT performed on the day of admission showed a nearly round high density area at the left cerebello-pontine angle. The left trans-axillary VAG showed no aneurysm or AVM. From the above-mentioned course and findings, hemorrhage from a tumor of the left c-p angle was suspected, but considering the size of the high density area, radical operation was considered to be contraindicated and v-p shunt operation was performed. However, plain CT performed on January 19th, showed only a small, ill-defined high density area at the c-p angle. The tumor was quite large, but considered to be operable, so that excision was performed on January 22nd. The tumor, 5 X 5 X 4 cm in size, was totally extirpated together with the clot. Histologically the tumor was acoustic neurinoma with hemorrhage and necrosis. Postoperative course was favorable. We discussed the massive hemorrhage from primary intracranial tumors, especially acoustic neurinoma. Radical operation on the tumor should be performed as early as possible, provided that the patient's condition permits. PMID- 7312126 TI - [Penetrating craniocerebral injuries - report of two unusual cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312127 TI - [A huge frontal sinus pyocele extending into the cerebral falx - a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A 50-year-old male was admitted to us presenting a bulging of 5 X 6 cm in size on the forehead. His general condition was excellent and neurological status was normal. The mass in the forehead was soft and showed a fluctuation. On the plain skull films, a lobulated bone defect of 5 X 4 cm in size was noticed in the frontal bone and the frontal sinus completely disappeared. Carotid angiograms revealed posterior displacement of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid arteries and the proximal part of the anterior cerebral arteries, and elevation and posterior displacement of both frontopolar arteries. Capillary and venous phase of the carotid angiograms demonstrated an avascular area in the frontal cranial fossa. Branches of the anterior cerebral artery were stretched and displace surrounding the avascular mass. These angiographic findings indicated a huge avascular both frontal lobes posterolaterally. CT scanning revealed a large isodensity mass and the periphery of the mass was enhanced in a ring-like fashion with contrast medium. The mass protruded as a subcutaneous mass through the defect of the frontal bone. The content of the mass was surgically evacuated. The mass was a pyocele containing thick yellowish purulent fluid. It arose from the frontal sinus and extended into the anterior cranial fossa through the destroyed posterior wall of the sinus to separate the falx into two leaves of the dura mater and displace both frontal lobes laterally and posteriorly. Extension of the frontal sinus mucocele and pyocele to the anterior cranial fossa was discussed. PMID- 7312128 TI - [The indication for full-time hospitalization in child psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312129 TI - [Hospitalization in a children's psychiatric ward in a general hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312130 TI - [Suppression of hospitalization in child psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312131 TI - [The therapeutic function of full-time hospitalization (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312132 TI - [Full time hospitalization and parent-child separation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312134 TI - [Hospitalization of adolescents : houses in town (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312133 TI - [Notes on the success or failure of hospitalization. Discussion of the case of Joelle, A girl suffering from anorexia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312135 TI - [The structure of the sector of child psychiatry and the modes of taking into charge (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312136 TI - [The children's hospital and the therapeutic management of psychiatric disorders in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312137 TI - [The role of the psychiatrist and the psychologist in a pediatric ward (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312138 TI - [Can hospitalization of very young children in psychiatric wards be useful in certain situations? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312139 TI - [Hospitalization of adolescents for suicide attempts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312140 TI - [Semiweekly hospitalization for very young children who are at high risk for psychosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312141 TI - [Hospitalization of children in a psychiatric ward: synthesis]. PMID- 7312142 TI - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in spasmodic torticollis. A sibship study. AB - Spasmodic torticollis remains an ill-understood disease. A central deficit in neurotransmitter activity in the basal ganglia may be present in this disorder. In the present study, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity has been evaluated in the plasma of patients suffering from spasmodic torticollis and in their sibship in 4 informative families. In 1 of these families, 2 brothers are affected with torticollis and they have high plasma DBH levels. In the 3 other families the plasma DBH values are within normal ranges in the probands and their first-degree relatives. The genetic study of plasma DBH activity allowed to discriminate between two forms of spasmodic torticollis, one, which is most likely linked to familial torsion dystonia, appears to be associated with altered dopaminergic activity, while the other, nonfamilial with normal sympathetic activity, is probably an idiopathic or sporadic form of spasmodic torticollis. PMID- 7312144 TI - Suicide rates in the Lundby study: mental illness as a risk factor for suicide. AB - In the present investigation we have used a longitudinal psychiatric epidemiological study of 3,563 persons who, at a certain date 1947 or 1957, were registered in a geographically well-defined area in Sweden, "Lundby". This population has been observed and psychiatrically evaluated for 25 and 15 years, respectively. During the observation period 23 men and 5 women committed suicide. In the total Lundby cohort the age-standardized male suicide rate was 51 per 100,000 person years. The corresponding rate in men without a psychiatric diagnosis was 8.3, among men who had suffered some kind of psychiatric disorder other than depression 83, and among men with depression 650. The study thus indicates that mental illness, especially depressive disorder, implies a considerably increased risk. PMID- 7312143 TI - Cell membrane predictors of response to lithium prophylaxis of affective disorders. AB - HLA antigens and RBC/plasma lithium ratio were studied in a sample of 49 patients, diagnosed as bipolar affective psychotics (n = 22), unipolar depressive psychotics (n = 18) and cycloid psychotics (n = 9), receiving prophylactic lithium for 1-4 years and maintained at lithium plasma levels of 0.6-1.2 mEq/1. Mean values of the ratio were found to be significantly higher in patients who responded to treatment when compared with non-responders, whereas the frequency of the HLA-A3 antigen was significantly higher in non-responders. The only 6 patients with a lithium ratio above the median and the absence of the HLA-A3 antigen coexistent with bipolarity and a family history of the illness were all good responders to treatment. Further research in this field will probably bring about the isolation of a subgroup of lithium-responsive patient with well-defined clinical and biological features. When patients were divided into two subgroups according to their lithium ratios (above and below the median), the HLA-A3 and Aw26 antigens were found to be significantly more frequent in those with ratios below the median. It can be hypothesized tha these antigens disturb transport in some way, leading to low lithium ratio values. PMID- 7312145 TI - Haloperidol blood levels during dosage reduction in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Haloperidol levels were measured by radioreceptor assay in 12 schizophrenic patients during gradual dosage reduction (at 10-day) intervals) from 60 to 0 mg/day. Serum levels were highly correlated with the oral dose in each patient, but poorly correlated across patients. Clinical deterioration appeared only 10-20 days after total cessation of the oral drug, and so it was not possible to determine an optimal blood level for chronic maintenance. Below oral dosage of 10 mg/day of haloperidol many patients' blood levels are undetectable by the radioreceptor method. PMID- 7312146 TI - Neuroleptic drug effects on average evoked response augmentation-reduction in rats. AB - The hypothesis that one of the effects of neuroleptic medication is the induction of a reducing response in the average evoked response (AER) was explored in rats. Periodic AER recordings were made in rats receiving either haloperidol or chlorpromazine, and following the drugs discontinuance. When compared to a group of rats which received no drugs, the drug groups showed a significant trend toward increased AER reducing. This effect was delayed from the beginning of drug administration, and reached a maximum following drug discontinuation. Suggestions are made regarding the significance of these findings for further investigations into mechanisms of neuroleptic effect and mechanisms of the augmentation reduction phenomenon of the AER. PMID- 7312148 TI - A new look at the Token Test using probabilistic test models. PMID- 7312147 TI - Antidepressants inhibit enkephalin binding to synaptosome-enriched fractions of rat brain. PMID- 7312149 TI - How similar is immediate memory in amnesic patients to delayed memory in normal subjects? A replication, extension and reassessment of the amnesic cueing effect. PMID- 7312150 TI - Further similarities between amnesia and normal attenuated memory: effects with paired-associate learning and contextual shifts. PMID- 7312151 TI - Tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Hangul words, handedness and shift of laterality difference. AB - Nonsense Kana words as verbal stimuli and Hangul words (Korean orthographic characters) as non-verbal were presented tachistoscopically in the left or right visual field to normal right-handed, non-familial left-handed Japanese subjects, who have not seen Hangul characters. Right-handers showed a significant right (or left) field superiority for the recognition of verbal (or non-verbal) stimuli. This pattern of differences found in right-handers is, though to a slightly lesser degree, also present in non-familial left-handers, while it is absent in familial left-handers. Initial left field superiority for Hangul word recognition shifted to no laterality difference in left-handers as well as in right-handers during the learning period for Hangul words. PMID- 7312153 TI - Handwriting posture and manual motor asymmetry in sinistrals. PMID- 7312152 TI - Perceptual framing and cortical alpha rhythm. PMID- 7312155 TI - Lateralization in the human newborn at birth: asymmetry of the stepping reflex. PMID- 7312154 TI - The relationship between right-handed children's assessed and familial handedness and lateral specialization. AB - Eighty right-handed males (6-12 yr of age) stratified into age x degree of handedness x family history of handedness groups were administered three dichotic (digit, syllable, environmental sound) tests. Older subjects accurately identified more stimuli than the younger subjects across tasks. There were significantly laterality differences for both verbal and nonverbal stimuli between family history of handedness groups regardless of the subjects' age and degree of handedness. Those subjects with familial sinistrality had attenuated right-side advantage for verbal and non-verbal stimuli and decreased nonverbal accuracy scores compared to the familial dextral subjects who evidenced at right ear (left hemisphere) advantage for verbal stimuli and a left-ear (right hemisphere) advantage for nonverbal. PMID- 7312156 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry for classifying upright and inverted letter pairs: handedness and sex differences. PMID- 7312158 TI - Hemispheric asymmetry: the effect of orientation on same-different comparison. PMID- 7312160 TI - Cranial computed tomography of patients with malignant melanoma. AB - Sixty-eight patients with malignant melanoma were examined by CCT and the findings analyzed. Cerebral metastases were detected in 19 patients. Meningiomas were found in three patients, one with neurological symptoms and two without. Typical metastases less than 10 mm in diameter were located superficially in the grey matter, regular, homogenous, hyperdense, with no edema. Extensive peripheral edema was often associated with metastases measuring more than 10 mm. CCT revealed cerebral metastases in 6 (13%) of 46 asymptomatic patients. The metastases measured less than 10 mm in four and less than 20 mm in two of these patients. Scintigraphy was falsely negative in six patients with metastases smaller than 10 mm. Therefore, CCT is the method of choice for screening asymptomatic patients. Angiography may be of value in the differentiation between meningioma and melanoma metastases. PMID- 7312159 TI - CT of meningiomas on the Posterior surface of the petrous bone. AB - A detailed analysis of the CT findings in 16 surgically verified cases of meningioma of the posterior surface of the petrous bone is presented. The results indicate that a correct preoperative diagnosis is possible in almost every case. Frequently occurring specific CT criteria for meningioma of the posterior surface of the petrous bone include: hyperdense, homogeneously enhancing, extra-axial, CPA mass; inverse relationship between precontrast attenuation value and degree of contrast enhancement of the tumor; oval shape; obtuse angle between lateral tumor border and posterior surface of petrous bone, and evidence of transcisternal supratentorial tumor extension. Infrequently occurring specific CT criteria include: tumor calcification; hyperostosis or exostosis of the posterior surface of the petrous bone; a comma-shaped tumor configuration in cases with transcisternal tumor extension and evidence of transtentorial tumor extension. Oxygen CT cisternography is the most sensitive and reliable technique for detecting small tumors. The CT differential diagnosis of meningioma of the posterior surface of the petrous bone is discussed. PMID- 7312157 TI - Spatial abilities, sex differences and EEG functioning. PMID- 7312161 TI - Contrast bolus technique with rapid CT scanning. A reliable diagnostic tool for the determination of brain death. AB - Twenty-three patients complying with the clinical criteria for brain death were studied by contrast-enhanced CT. In all but one, the great intracranial vessels escaped visualization; accordingly, angiography demonstrated cerebral circulatory arrest. In the remaining case, faint enhancement of the circle of Willis corresponded to angiographic demonstration of the proximal segments of cerebral arteries. Neither in normal brain nor in dead brain did slow CT scanning disclose any postcontrast increase in parenchymal attenuation. An improved technique is proposed to demonstrate the transit of the contrast bolus by rapid CT with image splitting. If cerebral blood flow is preserved, the grey and white matter will enhance significantly following administration of contrast medium. Vice versa, the absence of enhancement confirms brain death, even in instances in which the great cerebral vessels are obscured by hemorrhage or other extensive lesions. Two additional cases of brain death were evaluated by rapid CT scanning. As to brain death, the technique obviates the need for angiography or radionuclide angiography, usually applied in prospective organ donors, because its informative content is superior to that of either method. The CT technique described affords a reliable and safe diagnosis of brain death, and can be interpreted easily. PMID- 7312162 TI - Relative value of computed tomography and hypocycloidal tomography in the diagnosis of pituitary microadenoma. A radio-surgical correlative study. AB - The relative value of a second generation CT scanner and complex motion polytomography are compared in 36 patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery due to clinical and biological evidence of pituitary hypersecretion. CT findings of focal glandular hypodensity in 17 patients and upward convexity of the sellar contents in 15 patients suggested the presence of a pituitary microadenoma. Complex motion tomographic findings suggesting a microadenoma were found in 21 of 32 cases and included bulging of the sellar floor or localized thinning of the lamina dura. Selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy was performed on 34 of the 36 patients and the preoperative location based on CT scanning data was positively correlated with surgical results in 75% of the cases. When there is a strong clinical suspicion of pituitary hypersecretion both CT and polytomography may suggest the existence and location of a microadenoma. CT should be the radiographic technique of choice since it produces accurate information as to the size and density of the pituitary gland. PMID- 7312163 TI - Leigh's subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy: possible diagnosis by CT scan. AB - A 28-month-old Korean girl developed a rapidly progressive disease, characterized by disturbance of consciousness, tremor, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, irregular deep respiration and vomiting. The patient succumbed 2 weeks after the onset of the illness. CT scan disclosed bilaterally symmetrical, low density lesions in the white matter and lateral basal ganglia. Distinctive histopathological findings at postmortem included spongiotic necrosis of the neuropil, marked capillary vascularity, persistence of relatively normal neurons in severely damaged zones, and comparatively little astrocytosis. The bilaterally symmetrical distribution of these changes in the putamen and periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain were compatible with Leigh's disease. PMID- 7312164 TI - The contribution of internal scatter to radiation dose during CT scan of the head. AB - An acrylic head phantom was irradiated during a computed tomographic scan with four commercial scanners. Measurements of the spatial distribution of the radiation dose on the surface and internal to the phantom were performed for the scan plane and the scattered beam at various distances from the scan plane. The surface scatter dose was found to be considerably smaller than that for internal scatter. A significant increase in radiation exposure within the head phantom due to internal radiation scatter, and an asymmetrical primary beam profile for dual slice scanners were also noted. PMID- 7312165 TI - Parasellar chondrosarcoma in a patient with Ollier's disease. AB - Cartilaginous intracranial neoplasms are rare and are located most commonly at the base of the skull in the parasellar region. They may occur with similar lesions in the rest of the skeleton (Ollier's disease) or present with multiple enchondromas and soft tissue hemangiomas (Maffuci's syndrome). PMID- 7312166 TI - Craniolacunia without associated anomalies. PMID- 7312167 TI - Spontaneous pneumatocele during radiation of a giant meningosarcoma. AB - A man, aged 66 years, sustained a pneumatocele after radiotherapy for a frontabasal meningeal sarcoma. There was improvement initially, but a fall was experienced without injury to the head and the condition worsened. X-rays of the skull revealed a pneumatocele which was treated conservatively and disappeared within 4 weeks. The literature on spontaneous pneumatocele is reviewed briefly and the etiology discussed. PMID- 7312168 TI - Nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea from a fistula between the trigeminal cistern and sphenoid sinus. AB - The radiological appearances of the trigeminal cistern on metrizamide cisternography and metrizamide CT cisternography are described. The frequent demonstration of this cistern on metrizamide cisternography is emphasised. A case of nontraumatic CSF rhinorrhoea produced by a CSF leak between the trigeminal cistern and the sphenoid sinus is described. PMID- 7312169 TI - Chronic epidural haematoma with partial rim enhancement. A case report. PMID- 7312171 TI - [Changes in indices of contractility and relaxation of human cardiac muscle after administration of thyroid hormone]. PMID- 7312172 TI - [Left deviation of the QRS electrical axis in relation to age]. PMID- 7312170 TI - [Enzyme markers in the calculation of the extent of infarction. Criteria of prognostic evaluation]. PMID- 7312173 TI - [Heart and diabetes. Anatomo-clinical correlations]. PMID- 7312174 TI - [Analysis of prehospitalization time in myocardial infarct in a provincial hospital]. PMID- 7312175 TI - [Sequential evaluation of lymphocytic blastogenesis in cancer patients after surgical treatment]. AB - Sequential evaluation of lymphocyte blastogenic response (LBR) to PHA was performed in 10 melanoma patients and in 10 gastric cancer patients undergoing radical operations. Preoperative determinations showed a significant depression of LBR in both patient groups as compared to healthy controls. In patients operated for melanoma the average duration of anesthesia was 101 minutes and in patients who underwent gastric resection it was 192 minutes. In both patient groups a further significant depression of LBR was observed in the early postoperative period; however the LBR returned to preoperative levels more promptly in patients who underwent melanoma excision than in those who underwent gastric resection. PMID- 7312176 TI - [Peridural anesthesia. Study of the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils]. PMID- 7312177 TI - [Prevention of postoperative immunodepression with levamisole]. PMID- 7312178 TI - [Behavior of the immune response studied with the lymphocyte blastogenesis test in vitro in the pre- and post-operative period]. PMID- 7312179 TI - [Granulocyte function in patients in the acute phase of severe diseases]. PMID- 7312180 TI - [Changes in the parameters of humoral immunity due to surgical operations or trauma]. AB - Humoral immunity (immunoglobulins and C3) as well as nutritional conditions (serum albumin, transferrin) have been investigated in 23 patients in the acute phase after surgery and/or trauma. Immunoglobulin deficiency, well correlated with the severity of trauma, was observed in the most critically ill patients in the very early phase, followed by a rapid rise to near to normal values and typical immunologic response. There is no evidence that this depression of humoral immunity may enhance the risk of infectious complications in the postoperative period. Very different immunological patterns were observed in surgical patients with chronic sepsis. PMID- 7312181 TI - [Respiratory complications in resuscitation after open-heart surgery]. PMID- 7312182 TI - [Intraoperative hypothermia in newborn infants]. PMID- 7312183 TI - [Sodium nitroprusside in neurosurgery. Clinical considerations]. AB - The authors present their experience with SNP as hypotensive drug in surgery at cerebral aneurysms. They stress the effectiveness of SNP which they use to control deep hypotensive in 22 cases. SNP induces hypotensive in few minutes, without depressing myocardial and renal functions. The authors present also some criteria at selection of patients (to be treated with SNP during surgery) and stress the importance of monitoring blood gases during SNP hypotensive, especially te pO2 arteriovenous gradient. Using SNP at the recommended doses, and hydroxycobalamin as preventive treatment, no CN- toxicity was noted. The authors think SNP is the drug of choice for inducing deep hypotension in neurosurgery. PMID- 7312184 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of a new anesthesiological method. Hyperanalgesia with tilidine]. PMID- 7312185 TI - [Control of acid-base equilibrium in open-heart surgery]. PMID- 7312186 TI - [Cerebral amino acid metabolism in acute barbiturate poisoning]. AB - An experimental study on the protein and aminoacid cerebral metabolism in Barbiturate poisoning coma has been carried out. Some significant alterations in central aminoacid pattern have been found. These changes suggested Hypothesis on particular biochemical pathways of brain tissue related to the pathological status. An attempt of correlation between the aminoacid alterations and cerebral energetic need is also reported. PMID- 7312187 TI - [Venous catheter embolisms: risk and remedy]. PMID- 7312188 TI - [Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and intestinal contractility]. PMID- 7312189 TI - [Use of the lactate ion in hyperventilatory syndromes due to acute cerebral damage]. PMID- 7312190 TI - [Papillosphincteroplasty and wirsungsphincteroplasty. 10 years of experience]. AB - Authors personal experience during ten years in surgery Oddi's sphincter is reported. Indications and technique of papillosphincteroplasty and wirsungsphincteroplasty are described; results obtained in 504 surgical treatment of PSP (combined with WSP in 121 cases) are referred; failures and complications are described and estimated; long-term results are reported and methods used for their evaluation illustrated. Authors conclude with a favourable Judgement on PSP and WSP, since on the basis of investigations and indications described, they are the surgical treatment of choice in biliary and pancreatic pathology. PMID- 7312191 TI - [A case of voluminous gastric fibroleiomyoma. Diagnostic problems]. AB - The Authors present a case of gastric fibroleiomyoma characterized by its remarkable size (at least in this anatomic site) and, this notwithstanding, by the fact that, of all instrumental investigations, only abdominal echotomography supported the clinic relief of a neoplastic "mass" situated in the left hypochondriac region. Echotomography quite exactly, though not specifically, informed the Authors on the localization and conformation of the neoplasm, and on its not-infiltrating tendency and not belonging to parenchymal organs. The Authors therefore consider echotomography a determinant investigation for the surgeon willing to perform an explorative laparotomy, being in front of an abdominal "mass" of doubtful provenance. PMID- 7312192 TI - [Angiolipoma of the breast]. PMID- 7312193 TI - [4th Turin seminar on diet therapy. Nutritional and metabolic aspects of the critical patient. I. Turin, 29 February-2 March 1980]. PMID- 7312194 TI - [New trends in analgesic therapy: subarachnoid, peridural, and perineural perfusion of morphine using a micropump]. AB - Attention is drawn to the suitability of employing morphine in long and medium term antalgic management. Exceptionally good results are observed when the drug is administered very near dolorific receptors located in the peripheral and central nervous systems. An account is also given of experience gained at the Antalgic Therapy Centre, University of Trieste, in the use of morphine via several routes: peridural, perinervous, subarachnoid, per os, i.m., and i.v. A new feature of major importance in this respect is the continuous perfusion of the peridural space, nerve trunks, and subarachnoid space by means of a micropump. PMID- 7312196 TI - [Importance of microcirculation in the pathogenesis of various disease conditions, especially hyperplasia and neoplasms]. AB - The possibility is considered that a contraction or an increase in the tone of the smooth muscular fibrocells of the vessels may direct the blood flow prevalently thorough preferential channels, with elusion of much of the capillary circulation. This event may lead to a slowdown or change in the function of organs and systems. The persistence of preferential route circulation leads to respiratory and metabolic trouble in the cells of tissues and basic and fibrillar substance of connectives. The main consequences of such a condition are thought to be a reduction in cationic pump activity, a reduction in synthesis of highly energetic products and a numerical increase in the synthesis of structurally simpler proteins. The possibility that a microcirculatory disturbance, triggering tissue hypoxia and permitting the presence of substrates, may be considered as the promoter of neoplastic proliferation, is suggested. Finally, the principles by which von Ardenne instituted prophylaxis of neoplasia and the diffusion of metastasis are enhanced. PMID- 7312195 TI - [Epidemiology and social significance of post-phlebitic limb]. PMID- 7312197 TI - [Biopsy of the bone marrow as a diagnostic procedure in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 7312198 TI - [Correlations between clinical diagnosis and necroscopy in geriatric patients]. AB - The clinical data of 68 patients who died in a geriatric ward have been compared with their necropsies to identify discrepancies between clinical diagnosis and necropsy. A percentage of error of 32.78% was observed with respect to the clinical diagnosis of the main death-causing disease. It proved impossible to reach clinical diagnosis in 7 cases and in one not even necropsy cleared up the situation. An overestimate of neoplastic diseases was observed with an underestimate of diseases of the cardiocirculatory and respiratory apparatus. Other important pathological conditions associated with the main cause of death have also been considered and among these a total error percentage of 29.5% was found. A further 22 conditions were not diagnosed in life. The highest incidence of error was encountered in diagnoses judged to be clinically uncertain. Necropsy should therefore be encouraged as it remains the best way assessing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. PMID- 7312200 TI - [Diagnosis and methodological principles of clinical pathology. I]. PMID- 7312199 TI - [Tardive dyskinesia. AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) as a diagnostic and research tool]. AB - This work is part of a research project designed to investigate the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia among patients treated with fluphenazine decanoate. The Authors present to clinicians and researchers the Italian version of the AIMS (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale), a rating scale presently considered to be the most valuable diagnostic and research instrument available to study tardive dyskinesia. The Authors stress the severity of the problem as it appears from the growing number of worried reports from several countries. the Authors also present a set of problems and questions still unresolved, calling for deeper and more systematic investigations. PMID- 7312201 TI - [Clinical aspects and microcirculation findings in the treatment of arthrotic arthropathies with difenpiramide]. PMID- 7312202 TI - [Comparison of 2 protocols of polychemotherapy in the treatment of invasive carcinoma of the breast]. AB - Two protocols, namely VAME (VCR, ADR, MTX, DEDX) and CMF (CTX, MTX, 5 FU), were used in the treatment of 77 menopausal patients with invasive breast cancer at the Savona Oncological Hospital between December 1976 and November 1980. CR + PR was obtained in 81.25% of those treated with VAME (group 1) and 55.18% of those treated with CMF (group B). The median and overall percentage of survival was higher in group A, and the free interval was longer, especially in patients with PR. This protocol also caused fewer subjective and objective disturbances and is thus regarded as more satisfactory, particularly since the main aim of antiblastic management is to improve and length and the quality of life. PMID- 7312203 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation. I. Pathogenetic mechanisms, physiopathological changes and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7312204 TI - [Hospitalized aged patients as a social problem. Preliminary study]. AB - Hospitalisation of an aged person is undertaken for various reasons, partly medical, and partly (even primarily in some cases) social. Exaggerated hospitalisation can upset the functional efficiency of a hospital. In some instances, admission itself may be the cause of serious psychophysical deterioration. An investigation of 40 aged patients successively admitted to a hospital department was carried out to identify the medical and social factors responsible for the above-mentioned phenomena. The preliminary results appear to suggest that geriatric hospital 34 departments are almost solely peopled by subjects belonging to the lower social classes, and that both autochthonous and immigrant aged women and culturally ostracised subjects are exposed to the greatest risk. PMID- 7312205 TI - [A new technic for modified radical mastectomy with immediate reconstruction using a myocutaneous thoracodorsal flap]. AB - A new mastectomy technique, offering partial preservation of the greater pectoral muscle at the axilla, and immediate reconstruction with a greater dorsal myocutaneous flap is proposed. PMID- 7312206 TI - [Hirschsprung's disease in adolescents and adults]. AB - Megacolon must be considered as a diagnosis in any case of intractable constipation also in the adult. Besides the Hirschsprung's disease and the idiopathic megacolon, which have no apparent organic cause, many other pathologic conditions may produce a marked dilatation of the large bowel. The differential diagnosis depends, after a valuation of the clinical and radiologic features, also from enzymatic, histologic and functional tests. The Hirschsprung's disease can be observed after the infancy in: 1) Patients in whom diagnosis is made only in adult age; 2) Patients with a diagnosis made in infancy or childhood, with moderate symptoms, treated with a conservative methods, who are getting worse; 3) Adult relapsers after a previous inadequate operation. Group II also includes the patients who need an emergency operation, because of a perforation or a volvolus of a dilatated loop. We report three cases of adult Hirschsprung's disease and two adult "idiopathic megacolon". The patients with aganglionic megacolon were admitted to our Hospital respectively for an abdominal palpable mass, a volvolus and incontinence. The two patients with idiopathic megacolon showed the same clinical picture of those with Hirschsprung's disease. We choose a surgical therapy in all five patients, with good long-term results. PMID- 7312207 TI - [CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) in breast cancer. Clinical value]. AB - The investigation of clinical markers, i.e. substances produced and released by tumours, has been encouraged by the need for early diagnosis to increase the chances of successful treatment, and for biological parameters indicative of the progress of the disease itself. A study designed to appraise the usefulness of tumour-associated antigens in this respect in cases of breast cancer has been in operation for about 3 years at Oncological Service of the 2nd Obstetric and Gynaecological Clinic, University of Rome. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values in 71 patients in the initial stages and with metastases followed for 24 months are presented. CEA levels are related to tumour stage, progression, and prognosis. High values appear to be associated with diffusion of the disease: 48% in initial cases; 69% in advanced cases. CEA is specific for this type of tumour. Even so, high values give an effective expression of its progress by identifying patients with a greated likelihood of recurrence. It is particularly useful as an early indication of recurrence itself. In addition, it is of assistance in monitoring the progress of treatment. PMID- 7312208 TI - [Significance and limits of serum transaminases in the diagnosis of viral hepatitis]. AB - The Authors considering four cases of obstructive jaundice with hepatocellular onset, point out the possibility of errors and of misleading diagnostic views resulting from the excessive credit given to the increase of serum transaminases also in viral hepatitis diagnosis. PMID- 7312209 TI - [Oxygen therapy with an oxygen concentrator]. AB - An account is given of the employment of an O2 concentrator (De VO2 955) in chronic bronchopneumopaths with respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension. An assessment was made of the gas supply modalities, particularly with Venturi masks. In patients with normal or low ventilation, 24% and 28% FiO2 masks gave suitable results, whereas those with a higher concentration were unusable, since the present FiO2 value was not reached. This was probably due to the fact that there is a fall in O2 concentration at high low flow rates, and as a result of an insufficient Venturi effect. PMID- 7312210 TI - [The role of penile Doppler sonography in impotent diabetics]. AB - Penile systolic pressure has been evaluated by the Doppler-sonographic method in 15 diabetic patients suffering from erectile impotence. Urodynamic tests have also been carried out in some patients for a diagnosis of neurological impotence. The results obtained show the possibility of a double or sole origin (neurogenic or vascular, or both) in the pathogenesis of this symptom in diabetic subjects. PMID- 7312211 TI - [Risk of vascular accidents with regard to the systolic pressure and the rigidity of the arteries]. PMID- 7312212 TI - [Update on antibiotic therapy 1. Cefamandole]. PMID- 7312213 TI - [Monitoring of HPL, estriol and estetrol in high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 7312214 TI - [Fetal ultrasonic cardiography in real time]. PMID- 7312215 TI - [A case of megalocystis and megaloureter diagnosed during gestation by means of ultrasonography]. PMID- 7312216 TI - Iatrogenic kwashiorkor in California. PMID- 7312217 TI - Systemic carnitine deficiency. PMID- 7312218 TI - Decreased taste acuity in chronic renal patients. PMID- 7312219 TI - Gastrointestinal tolerance of iron-fortified proprietary infant formulas. PMID- 7312220 TI - Short-term regulation of urea synthesis. PMID- 7312221 TI - Energy requirements: how much is enough. PMID- 7312222 TI - Immunodeficiency in undernutrition and overnutrition. PMID- 7312223 TI - Influence of dietary protein and carbohydrate on oxidative biotransformation of drugs in normal adults and children with asthma. PMID- 7312224 TI - Cobalamin-dependent leucine and beta-leucine synthesis in higher animals. PMID- 7312225 TI - Nutrient toxicity. PMID- 7312226 TI - Symposium on drugs in pregnancy. PMID- 7312227 TI - Symposium on drugs in pregnancy: introduction. PMID- 7312228 TI - Acceleration of fetal pulmonary maturity. AB - Neonatal pulmonary complications attributable to pulmonary immaturity are among the more serious problems attending premature birth. Various observations indicate that glucocorticoids play an important role in the maturation of the fetal lung. Moreover, prenatal maternal administration of corticosteroids has been attended by significantly improved neonatal outcome, including a reduction in the incidences of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), hyaline membrane disease, and mortality due to intraventricular hemorrhage. Success of treatment is related directly to gestational age, with best results occurring between 30 and 32 weeks' gestation. Significant effects have been reported as early as 28 weeks' and as late as 34 weeks' gestation. The potential maternal and neonatal risks of this therapy have not yet been established. Animal studies using relatively high doses of corticosteroids have resulted in an inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and mitosis, leading to profound complications and a rise in fetal mortality. Although follow-up of human subjects has been limited and of short duration, no consistent postnatal effects have been noted. The apparent lifesaving benefits of the treatment, combined with only rare and usually correctable fetal, neonatal, and maternal complications, indicate that the use of corticosteroids for prevention of neonatal respiratory problems may be an important advance in reproductive medicine. It remains to be established, however, what the optimal agent and dose are, and what, if any, are the long-term effects of this therapy. PMID- 7312230 TI - The effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compounds on fetal circulation and pulmonary function. AB - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compounds that act by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid have been shown to have various and sometimes profound effects on fetal and neonatal circulation. Agents such as acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, and naproxen pass readily across the placenta and have been shown to cause severe constriction and, in some cases, closure of the ductus arteriosus, resulting in an increase in pulmonary blood pressure and a significant pressure gradient between the pulmonary artery and the aorta of the fetus. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis produce only a mild increase in systemic vascular resistance under normal conditions, but have been observed to potentiate vasoconstriction under conditions of hypoxia. Umbilical-placental and myocardial blood flow was increased by these agents. Although single doses of these agents do not appear to affect fetal pulmonary vessels, prolonged pulmonary arterial hypertension resulting from chronic administration may stimulate an increased development of medial smooth muscle in fetal precapillary vessels, resulting in persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis have also been shown to produce a marked increase in fetal respiration, resulting in an increased oxygen requirement. PMID- 7312229 TI - Neonatal intracranial hemorrhage and maternal use of aspirin. AB - A prospective study of 108 infants born at 34 weeks' gestation or earlier or weighing 1500 g or less was carried out to determine the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and the multiple risk factors that may cause or aggravate this hemorrhage in premature infants. On day 2 post partum, mothers were questioned regarding maternal risk factors, including the use of either aspirin or acetaminophen during the last week of pregnancy. Between days 3 and 7 post partum, computed tomographic scanning was performed on the 108 infants. Of the total, 53 (49%) developed intracranial hemorrhage. The incidence of hemorrhage in the infants whose mothers had ingested aspirin was significantly greater (P less than .05) than that seen in infants whose mothers did not take either aspirin or acetaminophen (control group). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage among infants whose mothers ingested acetaminophen was not significantly different from that of the control group. This study indicates that aspirin is associated with an increased incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in the authors' population. The use of aspirin in the last 3 months of pregnancy is highly questionable and probably inappropriate. PMID- 7312231 TI - Intrauterine device usage and fetal loss. PMID- 7312232 TI - Anthropometric determinants of birth weight. AB - The correlation of maternal and paternal physical characteristics to the weight of the newborn infant was investigated. It was found that a different anthropomorphic variable best explained the outcome in each group when mothers were divided by weight for height. In women of low weight for height, weight gain was most significantly associated with birth weight (P less than .01); and in women of intermediate weight for height, the significant variable was maternal prepregnancy weight (P less than .01); in women of high weight for height the outcome was best explained by maternal height (P less than .05). The model accounted for 17, 21, and 32% of the variance in birth weight in the 3 weight-for height groups, respectively. It appears that the relative value of genetic and environmental factors may be different depending on the body type of the mother. It is postulated that other genetic and environmental factors, including smoking, alcohol ingestion, and exact gestation age, may be of significance. The conclusions of this study differ from those of previously reported studies. Possible explanations include variable population homogeneity and different socioeconomic groups studied as well as the obscuring of biologically significant variables if outcomes in subjects with different body types are not analyzed separately. PMID- 7312233 TI - Aggressive obstetric management in late second-trimester deliveries. AB - A 3-year experience during which fetal welfare was a major factor in the management of patients delivering between 24 and 27 weeks' gestation is presented. Sixty-two cases of women for whom prenatal assigned gestational age was between 24 and 27 weeks and who had a live fetus on admission were reviewed. Using discharge from the hospital as definition for survival, 34 of the 62 infants (55%) survived. Survival rates ranged from 36% at 24 weeks' gestation to 76% at 27 weeks' gestation. Three of the 34 survivors had major continuing problems at discharge. Of the various strategies used to improve perinatal outcome, the antenatal administration of betamethasone was associated with a significant (P less than .03) improvement in infant survival. The authors are encouraged by these results, which indicate that aggressive antenatal and postnatal efforts for pregnancies with gestational ages between 24 and 27 weeks are cost-effective, productive, and worthwhile. PMID- 7312234 TI - Primary cesarean section: a critical analysis. AB - A detailed analysis of 465 primary cesarean sections (10.4% of total deliveries) performed at St. Mary's Health Center during 1977 and 1978 was undertaken. Cephalopelvic disproportion, malpresentation, and fetal distress were the 3 most common primary indications for cesarean section. An analysis of the effects of fetal monitoring seemed to indicate that the procedure was not a significant factor in increased use of cesarean section. PMID- 7312236 TI - An out-of-hospital birth center using university referral. AB - Out-of-hospital birth centers are controversial. A retrospective chart review was performed for 150 consecutive patients who had their prenatal care at The Birthplace, a Seattle birth center with certified nurse-midwives licensed by the state of Washington. Seventy-two percent of the women were nulliparous. Antepartum or intrapartum hospital referral was necessary for 28% of the patients. An additional 17% of the patients would have been transferred if specific written criteria for transfer had been precisely followed. The cesarean section rate was 6% (9 of 150). Nonoptimal 1-minute Apgar scores of 6 or less were more common in nulliparas (20%) than in multiparas (3%) who delivered at The Birthplace (P less than .05). All 5-minute Apgar scores were 7 or more. Three infants had birth weights less than 2500 g. Noncompliance with the transfer criteria was associated with untoward outcome. Patients considering out-of hospital delivery should be counseled that a high rate of hospital transfer is necessary to minimize risk. PMID- 7312235 TI - Spacing the injection interval with paracervical block: a randomized study. AB - To test the hypothesis that spacing the injection interval by 10 minutes would reduce the incidence of post-paracervical block bradycardia, 42 healthy subjects at low risk with normal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns were included in a randomized trial. Twenty patients were given a conventional paracervical block (ie, almost simultaneous injection of the 2 sides), whereas 22 patients were given the second injection after a 10-minute interval. All patients were laterally positioned for 30 minutes before and 60 minutes after administration of the paracervical block. There were no cases of post-paracervical block bradycardia in either group, but a decrease in the baseline FHR of 5 beats per minute or more occurred in one half of each group. Both groups experienced significant decreases in the mean FHR. The authors conclude that patient selection and perhaps lateral positioning are more important than is spacing the injection interval. Furthermore, in properly selected subjects paracervical block offers simple, effective, and safe analgesia. PMID- 7312237 TI - Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among DES-exposed women. AB - The increased occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is described. Among 335 self referred women exposed to DES, 14.9% (50) had a least 1 cytologic smear interpreted as CIN, and 16.2% (54) had at least 1 biopsy interpreted as CIN. Excluding those with grade 1 CIN, 8.7% (29) had at least grade 2 CIN on biopsy and 4.2% (14) had biopsies interpreted as grade 3 CIN. No invasive lesions were detected. Because the problem of differentiating true intraepithelial neoplasia from morphologically indistinguishable but benign lesions in DES-exposed women remains unresolved, the authors believe a conservative approach to treatment is still indicated. This study supports the recommendation that DES-exposed women merit continued thorough gynecologic evaluation, including regular cytologic evaluation and colposcopy, with biopsies as indicated. PMID- 7312238 TI - Cryotherapy in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - Cryotherapy was used to treat 516 patients with various degrees of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ over a 7-year period. Seventy-one percent of patients had either severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. In 88% of the patients treated, a single treatment session was successful in eradicating the lesion. Treatment was defined as successful when cytologic and colposcopic findings were negative 1 year after treatment. Five percent of patients were lost to follow-up. The criteria for selection of patients and possible causes of treatment failure are discussed. PMID- 7312239 TI - Primary, papillary peritoneal neoplasia. AB - Subsequent to the recognition of the intraperitoneal tumors of low malignant potential, clinicians have repeatedly faced the ambiguities inherent in a disease that seems aggressive on the basis of its wide distribution in the peritoneal cavity but benign on the basis of its histopathology and clinical course. Whereas the occasional case has been associated with extensive local reaction and ascites, except for a rare exception these tumors result in prolonged survival and in an absence of extraabdominal extension. The current review of 154 cases followed from 2 to 40 years, performed in an attempt to understand this perplexing disease, leads to the following conclusions: 1) Whereas frequently beginning on the ovary and showing a predilection for the pelvis, there are examples of widely disseminated peritoneal disease with minimal, if any, ovarian involvement; 2) the outcome without adjunctive therapy is excellent and thus such therapy is contraindicated in view of the death of only 2 of the 154 patients with disease, 1 of whom had had adjunctive intraperitoneal isotope therapy; and 3) this disease is best understood as a diffuse primary peritoneal tumor probably developing on the basis of irritating agents' reaching the abdominal cavity from the lower genital canal, a process similar to that proposed for the genesis of endometriosis. Such a low-grade primary in situ tumor that may involve the entire peritoneal cavity is compatible with prolonged survival. PMID- 7312240 TI - Maternal drug exposure and perinatal intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 7312241 TI - Conservative treatment of cervical pregnancy. PMID- 7312242 TI - Impending gestosis. AB - Five cases of pregnant woman with symptoms of right upper quadrant pain, hemoconcentration, liver dysfunction, and thrombocytopenia are presented as representative of impending gestosis. Plasma volume expansion achieved by either bed rest or intravenous albumin administration appeared to be effective therapy. It is presumed that impending gestosis represents an early form of severe toxemia (edema/proteinuria/hypertension [EPH[ gestosis). PMID- 7312243 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis during pregnancy presenting as acute abdomen. PMID- 7312244 TI - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in pregnancy. AB - Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in association with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is reported in 3 pregnant women. The management of such arrhythmia is discussed, and it is suggested that pregnancy may predispose asymptomatic patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome toward exhibiting arrhythmia. The diagnosis and etiologic considerations of this syndrome in association with pregnancy are reviewed, and it is concluded that further investigations are needed to determine the incidence of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome-induced arrhythmia in pregnancy. PMID- 7312245 TI - Long-standing virilism in a woman with hyperplasia and neoplasia of ovarian lipidic cells. AB - A woman with bilateral hyperplasia of ovarian hilar cells, stromal lipidic cells (hyperthecosis), and unilateral adenoma of Leydig cells is described. Her clinical course was characterized by long-standing virilism with a recent exacerbation suggesting growth of a tumor from the hyperplastic stromal lipidic cells. Evidence for this hypothesis included similar light and electron microscopic features of the hyperplastic and neoplastic cells and identical patterns of secretion of steroid hormones. Comparison of the in vivo steroid biosynthesis of the hyperplastic lipidic cells with that of testicular Leydig cells showed several similarities. These included 1) secretion of 5 and delta 4 steroids; 2) greater secretion of the delta 4 hormones, progesterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone, than of the delta 5 steroids, pregnenolone and 17 hydroxypregnenolone; 3) prominent secretion of testosterone but not androstenedione; and 4) limited secretion of estrogens, with estradiol as the principal estrogen. These findings support prior microscopic evidence that ovarian lipidic cells and testicular Leydig cells represent cells of common function and, likely, common origin. PMID- 7312246 TI - Amniocentesis and premature labor. PMID- 7312247 TI - Evaluation and treatment of cervical disease. PMID- 7312248 TI - Endometriosis and spontaneous abortion. PMID- 7312249 TI - Noise assessment among Alaska pipeline workers. AB - Hearing levels were studied in 948 Alaska pipeline workers. The subjects studied here consist of various kinds of industrial workers and office employees. Hearing threshold of office employees are in general agreement with those of non industrial populations reported in a few surveys from the literature. Consequently, these data of the office employees are used for controls. Industrial workers over 25 years old are significantly affected with hearing loss, particularly those who work as pipefitters, carpenters, and mechanics. With advancing age, deterioration of hearing occurs in all employees studied here. PMID- 7312250 TI - A practical guide for non-epidemiologists: part II. PMID- 7312251 TI - Assessing toxic agents: maximizing nurses' proficiency. PMID- 7312253 TI - Stimulating excitement in first aid training. PMID- 7312252 TI - Uses and limitations of male/female data. PMID- 7312254 TI - Protecting the providers of emergency care. PMID- 7312255 TI - Internal conductors: how to assess burn severity. PMID- 7312256 TI - Tailoring first aid to fit company needs. PMID- 7312258 TI - In search of medicine's morals. PMID- 7312257 TI - Anxiety and the doctor-patient relationship. PMID- 7312259 TI - The psychological aspects of parkinsonism. PMID- 7312260 TI - [Results of the use of magnetic field in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7312261 TI - [Alternating magnetic field in the treatment of various eye diseases of vascular etiology]. PMID- 7312262 TI - [Use of continuous magnetic field of magnetoelasts in ophthalmological practice]. PMID- 7312263 TI - [Effect of continuous and impulse magnetic fields on the ultrastructure of various parts of the eye]. PMID- 7312264 TI - [Effect of magnetic field and cholinergic preparations on intraocular pressure under experimental conditions]. PMID- 7312265 TI - [Clinical characteristics of early stages of Stargardt's disease]. PMID- 7312266 TI - [Light diffraction as a basis of color vision]. PMID- 7312267 TI - [Complicated cataract after uveitis in children. Clinical characteristics and results of treatment]. PMID- 7312268 TI - [Resorptive effect of electrotherapy in traumatic cataract]. PMID- 7312269 TI - [Correlation between myopia and muscular strength in the arms]. PMID- 7312270 TI - [Ocular accommodation in engineering-technical workers of a design institute]. PMID- 7312271 TI - [Study of AC/A-coefficient in the light of stability of accommodation-convergence relationship]. PMID- 7312272 TI - [Skin delayed hypersensitivity reaction to 2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene in patients with melanoblastoma of the vascular tract of the eye]. PMID- 7312273 TI - [Prevention of choroid detachment and postoperative intraocular hemorrhage]. PMID- 7312274 TI - [Widening the possibilities of ortho-clinostatic test in early diagnosis of open angle glaucoma]. PMID- 7312275 TI - [Etiology and results of surgical treatment of complicated and associated pathology of the lacrimal apparatus]. PMID- 7312276 TI - [Morphological analysis of various complications after corneal prosthesis in corneal opacity]. PMID- 7312278 TI - [Classification of diabetic changes in the fundus oculi]. PMID- 7312277 TI - [Use of polarized light in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7312279 TI - [Training of the interns in ophthalmology]. PMID- 7312281 TI - [Table for determination of eye rigidity coefficient by applanation tonometry]. PMID- 7312280 TI - [Device for microphotography of the microcirculatory bed of the eye]. PMID- 7312282 TI - [Device for ophthalmoscopy in a non-darkened room]. PMID- 7312283 TI - [Use of a manikin for training in measurement of intraocular pressure]. PMID- 7312284 TI - [Electron microscopic study of chick embryo myogenic cells in a suspension culture]. AB - Cell aggregates arising in the suspension culture of the chick embryo myogenic cells were studied by means of electron microscope. The small aggregates are formed by mononuclear myoblasts. The large aggregates are characterized by the tissular organization with the orderly distribution of different cell types. The periphery of such aggregates is occupied by polynuclear myosimplasts in different parts of which individual characters of muscle fiber are expressed to different extent. The cells similar with fibroblasts, chondroblasts, chondrocytes and even fatty cells, as well as collagenous extracellular matrix are situated in the centre of large aggregates. The possibility of origin of different cell types from myoblasts under the specific conditions of suspension culture is discussed. PMID- 7312285 TI - [Action of mutant genes on crystallin synthesis in the developing mouse lens. III. The aphakia gene]. AB - The synthesis of crystallins was studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence in 10-18 days old embryos and newborn ak/ak mice. Immune gamma-globulins to alpha , beta- and gamma-crystallins of adult mice were used. A small amount of alpha crystallins was found in an abnormal lens vesicle of 14 days old ak/ak embryo. The initiation of synthesis of these proteins is, hence, delayed by 4 days, as compared with that in the normal mice. In 15 days old mutant embryos the amount of alpha-crystallins increased markedly and was kept at about the same level till the end of embryogenesis. In the newborn ak/ak mice, the lens material containing alpha-crystallins is distributed among the retinal folds and is not readily identified without immunofluorescence. No lens material was found in the adult mutant mice. gamma- and beta-crystallins were not found in the abnormal lens at all developmental stages studied. PMID- 7312286 TI - [Rat thyroid ultrastructure during aging]. AB - The thyroid glands of 3 year old rats were studied by means of electron microscope. The epithelial activity and the maintenance of tissue very markedly in different parts of the organ. The most thyreocytes are characterized by hypofunction. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed, the formation of secretory vesicles is decreased, the signs of colloid resorption from the follicular cavity are absent, and many cells are overloaded with pigment-lipid granules. Some thyreocytes have intranuclear inclusions and others have polyploid nuclei. As a rule, mitochondria are swollen and have light matrix and disconnected cristae. Cells with large branchy mitochondria having dense matrix and tubular cristae were found which may be classed as a particular state of thyreocytes. Psammous bodies and desquamated epithelium were observed in some follicles. The amyloid-like material and large bundles of collagen fibrils appear among the follicles and capillaries and are, sometimes, in direct contact with the thyreocytes. The condensation and spreading of stromal elements contribute to the development of hypothyroidism. PMID- 7312287 TI - [Changes in the glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme spectrum in the rat liver and skeletal muscles in ontogeny]. AB - Changes in the isozyme patterns of glycogen phosphorylase in the rat liver and skeletal muscles were studied during ontogenesis. The presence of a minor component both in the muscles and the liver during embryogenesis was shown by means of immunochemical titration and disc-electrophoresis. The possible nature of this component, its identity with the "embryonic" phosphorylase isozyme [1] and the hybrid form of IL enzyme [2,3]. PMID- 7312288 TI - Choreocapillaries and pigment epithelium involvements in macular diseases. PMID- 7312289 TI - Controversies on submacular choroidal circulation. PMID- 7312290 TI - Distribution of arterioles, capillaries and venules in the equatorial choroid of the human eye. PMID- 7312291 TI - Macular choriocapillaris pathology. PMID- 7312292 TI - Tumors and tumor-like lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 7312293 TI - Pathology and pathogenesis of cystoid macular edema. PMID- 7312294 TI - Morphology of the submacular choroid: vascular structure. PMID- 7312295 TI - [Contribution to clinic and pathohistology of keratotorus (author's transl)]. AB - In a case of keratotorus on both sides with extreme thinning of the cornea first a lamellar and in a second sitting a perforating keratoplasty was performed. Surgical approach and postoperative results are discussed. PMID- 7312296 TI - Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a clinical and histological study. AB - A description is given of a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome clinically and histologically ascertained in a middle-aged male with typical localization and later chronicity of the ocular involvement. Besides, an outline is drawn of its clinical picture and of the etiopathogenetical hypothesis, dwelling upon the allergic hypothesis though not excluding the iatrogenic one. PMID- 7312298 TI - Operative difficulties in removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies by vitreous surgery. AB - The presentation deals with operative difficulties during vitreous surgery for the removal of long-retained intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs). The cases described and the problems discussed are: (1) IOFBs embedded deeply in dense fibrous tissue which cannot be exposed and removed, (2) IOFBs located in a 'dead space' at the anterior pars plana and ciliary body regions, (3) readherence of a residual stump causing traction retinal detachment, and (4) abnormal hyperviscosity of the vitreous in perforation injuries with long-standing retained IOFBs, without vitreous hemorrhage. The presentation shows that an envelope of dense fibrous tissue does not prevent the spread of metallic ions. It emphasizes that an early surgery, before fibrous organization develops, is imperative. PMID- 7312297 TI - Prognosis of visual acuity after surgery for detached retina, with special reference to the unaffected eye. AB - In 600 patients with successfully operated unilateral retinal detachment, the visual acuity prognosis of the operated eye was studied in relation to that of the normal eye. Within 2 years after operation, most of these patients were in the following three groups: (1) visual acuity worse than 0.5 in the non-detached retina and worse than 0.1 in the reattached one; (2) visual acuity better than 1.0 in the non-detached retina and worse than 0.3 in the reattached one; and (3) visual acuity better than 1.0 in the non-detached retina and better than 0.8 in the reattached one. Some of the patients in group 2 showed greater improvement of the visual acuity in the reattached retina, which occasionally became superior to that in the non-detached one. In spite of possible improvement until 2 years after operation, the visual acuity in the reattached retina was apt to decrease after more than 5 years following operation. The presence of macular detachment was ill for the recovery of visual acuity. About 30% of the patients with a visual acuity of about 1.0 in the non-detached retina showed no improvement of the visual acuity in the reattached retina. About 50% of the patients with successful surgery for retinal detachment had a difference of more than 0.6 in visual acuity between the non-detached and the detached retinas. PMID- 7312299 TI - Planning surgery in Duane's syndrome. AB - We present 14 patients with Duane's syndrome and discuss our experience in the surgical management of this condition applying a method that takes into account the abnormal neural mechanism involved. PMID- 7312300 TI - [First experiences with serial computed tomography in choroidal melanomas (author's transl)]. AB - 22 patients with extending intraocular lesions are examined by serial computed tomography after a bolus injection of contrast medium. The changes of X-ray density of the tumor areas are compared with those of the vitreum and of brain tissue. Choroidal melanomas exceeding 2 mm in prominence are identified as highly vascularized areas in which contrast enhancement according to certain brain tumors takes place. A differentiation from large pseudotumors seems to be possible. The value of this method for the differential diagnosis of choroidal melanomas is discussed. PMID- 7312301 TI - [Computer perimetry of glaucomatous visual field defects at different stimulus sizes (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of stimulus size in computer perimetry of central visual field defects was investigated in 30 glaucomatous eyes of 30 patients. 12 eyes had been studied utilizing stimulus size 1 and 3, 18 eyes with stimulus size 3 and 5 at the computer perimeter Octopus (program 31). Using large test targets small scotomata can be overlooked and identified field defects appear smaller and less deep. To evaluate this well-known phenomenon quantitatively by computerized perimetry was the aim of the present study. The mean threshold values in the diseased areas of the glaucomatous fields were about 6--10 db higher with stimulus size 3 than 1 and again 6--10 dB higher with stimulus 5 in comparison to 3. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed for different types of perimetry. PMID- 7312302 TI - The Kodak TP 2415: a good negative film for fluorescence angiography. AB - The Kodak TP 2415 is a panchromatic film which at the exposure index of ASA 200 combines a high resolving power (320 lines/mm) with an extremely fine granularity (RMS 8). It can be processed within 150 s by a modified Kodak Prostar I-L processing machine. These properties make this film very suitable to be used in clinical fluorescence angiography. PMID- 7312304 TI - Attempts to transmit Anaplasma marginale with Hippobosca rufipes and Stomoxys calcitrans. AB - Three attempts to transmit anaplasmosis with field collections of Hippobosca rufipes were unsuccessful, despite the fact that the flies had been fed initially on splenectomized cattle acutely infected with Anaplasma marginale. However, 1 out of the 3 attempts, made concurrently with the others, to transmit this organism with Stomoxys calcitrans was successful. The prepatent period was 27 days. PMID- 7312303 TI - An investigation into the toxic principle in eggs of the tick Amblyomma hebraeum. AB - A purification procedure involving iso-electric focusing by means of which a toxic principle may be obtained in a pure form from crude egg extracts of Amblyomma hebraeum is described. The molecular mass of the toxin is approximately 10 000 according to sedimentation equilibrium sedimentation, Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) gradient gel electrophoresis and calculations from the amino acid composition. Non-competitive proteinase inhibitory activity was found to be associated with the toxin. Histopathological lesions, observed in guinea-pigs inoculated with crude egg extracts or the purified toxin, included the following: focal areas of necrosis in the liver, with mineralization and oedema of the mucosa of the urinary bladder, the vacuolation of the lining epithelium. The genesis of the lesions in the various organs appears to be vascular. PMID- 7312305 TI - Isolation and significance of anaerobic bacteria isolated from cases of bovine mastitis. AB - The role of obligate anaerobic bacteria in the aetiology of mastitis of lactating dairy cows was investigated. Anaerobes were isolated from 12% of lactating mastitic cows, which were representative of 50% of the 10 dairy herds examined. Bacteroides fragilis was the most frequently isolated organism of (50%), followed by Peptococcus indolicus (33%), Eubacterium lentum (33%), E. aerofaciens (17%), Propionibacterium granulosum (17%) and an anaerobic Streptococcus sp. (17%). These obligate anaerobes were always isolated together with organisms classically involved in mastitis. It was possible to induce overt clinical mastitis in healthy lactating udders within 24 hours by infection with single pure cultures of anaerobes via the teat canal. All B. fragilis strains were resistant to penicillin G and tetracycline. In addition, one strain was also resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin and amoxicillin. Anaerobic gram positive cocci and bacilli were sensitive to most antibiotics. These findings imply an important role for anaerobes in the aetiology of mastitis. PMID- 7312306 TI - Attempted transmission of canine ehrlichiosis to the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus). AB - Blood from a domestic dog infected with Ehrlichia canis was injected into 3 adult vervet monkeys Cercopithecus pygerythrus. The monkeys did not develop any clinical or haematological signs of disease, nor did they seem to be able to harbour the parasite. Furthermore, neither morulae of E. canis nor haematological evidence of ehrlichiosis were seen after these monkeys had been splenectomized. The splenectomized monkeys did, however, develop a severe parasitaemia of their red cells with Entopolypoides macaci. They also showed a transient haematuria, mild inappetence and listlessness. PMID- 7312307 TI - A comparative study of the toxicity of Fusarium verticillioides (= F. moniliforme) to horses, primates, pigs, sheep and rats. AB - An isolate of Fusarium verticillioides (MRC826) that induced experimental leukoencephalomalacia, also caused acute toxicity when fed to pigs and administered per rumen fistula to sheep. Pigs developed severe pulmonary oedema while sheep manifested severe nephrosis and hepatosis. A less toxic isolate (F. verticillioides MRC602), fed to baboons, resulted in acute congestive heart failure or hepatic cirrhosis, depending on the dose. Both isolates were toxic to rats and caused similar lesions, namely, hepatic cirrhosis and intraventricular cardiac thrombosis. PMID- 7312309 TI - Studies on schistosomiasis. 10. Development of Schistosoma mattheei in sheep infested with equal numbers of male and female cercariae. PMID- 7312308 TI - Levels of glucose, serum albumin and somatic cells before and during early stages of acute clinical mastitis artificially induced in cows by means of human strains of group-B streptococci (GBS) administered intracisternally. AB - The investigation was performed on 3 cows, sampled repeatedly before and during the initial 48 h of artificially induced, acute, clinical mastitis. The results of the investigation both augment and support those of earlier work on the levels and significant correlations of glucose, serum albumin and somatic cells in normal and abnormal secretions monitored before and after the usual milking of healthy lactating cows had been suspended. During acute mastitis, udder secretions from artificially infected quarters showed highly significant escalations of somatic cell counts which coincided with equally significant increases of a high and intermediate level of serum albumin values in both the infected and non-infected quarters. Corresponding glucose values fluctuated from 0,07-0, 22 and 0,18-0, 32 mM in the former and latter quarters respectively. The selective and elevated transfer of serum albumin in otherwise unaffected quarters of acutely mastitic udders suggests rather specific collateral vascular and epithelial changes of unknown nature and magnitude. The data indicate that marked fluctuations of glucose may occur within and between quarters of individual and different cows respectively. Such variations could significantly affect phagocytosis and killing of bacteria challenging the intramammary leucocytic udder barrier before and particularly during manifestation of mastitis. Hence, udder health, although dependent on specific natural defence mechanisms such as the leucocytes and related systems in milk, may depend even more significantly on the supplies of glucose to and within the bovine mammary gland. PMID- 7312310 TI - Rhipicephalus zambeziensis sp. Nov., a new tick from eastern and southern africa, together with a redescription of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 1901 (Acarina, Ixodidae). AB - All stages of Rhipicephalus zambeziensis sp. nov. are described from laboratory reared specimens of a strain originating from cattle near West Nicholson, Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. The redescription of all stages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus is based primarily on laboratory-reared specimens of a strain originating from a mountain reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula), Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, Transvaal, Republic of South Africa. The differences between these 2 species are discussed briefly. Details of the life cycle of R. zambeziensis under laboratory conditions are given, and attempts to cros-breed this species with R. appendiculatus are described and discussed. PMID- 7312311 TI - [Static electric bone potentials and the role of the polarization vector during electric stimulation of bone regeneration]. PMID- 7312312 TI - [Distribution and dynamics of cambial elements of regenerated bone]. PMID- 7312313 TI - [Proliferative activity of the osteoblasts and changes in the osteoclast count after stimulation of cellular immunity]. PMID- 7312315 TI - [Results of surgical thickening, modeling and leg elongation under ambulatory conditions]. PMID- 7312314 TI - [Calcium metabolism disorders and their role in various types of injury]. PMID- 7312316 TI - [Correlation of the biomechanical and functional characteristics of soft tissue after crural bone lengthening by the Ilizarov method]. PMID- 7312317 TI - [Dystrophic changes in the femur head after conservative treatment or congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 7312318 TI - [Various problems of the clinical course of arthrosis deformans]. PMID- 7312319 TI - [Synthesis and regulation of artificial movement of human limbs]. PMID- 7312320 TI - [Radon baths in the complex treatment of fractures of the long bones]. PMID- 7312321 TI - [Bone holder-guide]. PMID- 7312322 TI - [2-stage correction of varus deformity of the femur neck]. PMID- 7312324 TI - [Orthopedic gravitational geniometer-rotatometer]. PMID- 7312323 TI - [Method of surgical treatment of congenital dislocation of the patella]. PMID- 7312326 TI - [Congenital torticollis]. PMID- 7312325 TI - [Equipment for measuring various characteristics of the foot]. PMID- 7312327 TI - [De Clerambault syndrome (the physician in symptomatology)]. PMID- 7312328 TI - [Premature rupture of the fetal membranes and intrauterine infection]. PMID- 7312329 TI - [Complication of closure of the colostomy opening]. PMID- 7312330 TI - [The role of genetic counseling in skeletal and development anomalies]. PMID- 7312331 TI - [Implantation of artificial intraocular lenses (pseudophakic bullous keratopathy)]. PMID- 7312332 TI - [The role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome]. PMID- 7312333 TI - [Echography in pediatric diagnosis]. PMID- 7312334 TI - [Restoration of the thumb by means of free transplantation of a toe]. PMID- 7312335 TI - [Use and significance of the Cerebral Function Monitor in anesthesia during heart surgery]. PMID- 7312336 TI - [Diagnosis of intrauterine retardation by ultrasonics studies during the 2d and 3d trimesters]. PMID- 7312337 TI - [Prevalence of congenital cardiovascular malformations at birth]. PMID- 7312338 TI - [Pathogenesis of amanitin-type mushroom poisoning and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 7312339 TI - [Prolymphocytoid transformation of chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 7312340 TI - [Unusual diagnostic approach in a case of neonatal abdominal tumor]. PMID- 7312341 TI - [Determination of hydrogen in the exhaled air as a diagnostic method in carbohydrate metabolism disorders]. PMID- 7312342 TI - [Reducing the incidence of low birth weight infants by lactobacillus vaccination of the pregnant mother]. PMID- 7312343 TI - [Experience with an ultrasonic blood pressure measuring device in newborn infants]. PMID- 7312344 TI - [Scleroderma associated with phenylketonuria]. PMID- 7312345 TI - [Results of ultrasonic abdominal screening tests]. PMID- 7312346 TI - [Extrapyramidal syndrome caused by Torecan in childhood]. PMID- 7312347 TI - [Hematogenic spreading of neonatal bacterial infections]. PMID- 7312348 TI - [Successful treatment of Lyell's disease]. PMID- 7312349 TI - [Acute interstitial nephritis caused by a semisynthetic penicillin (methicillin)]. PMID- 7312350 TI - [Antigen-antibody reaction using an indium-coated glass plate. A simple method for the detection of small amounts of antibody]. PMID- 7312351 TI - [Vitamin B-12 malabsorption following jejuno-ileal bypass surgery]. PMID- 7312353 TI - [The role of maternal age in the sex ration of newborn infants]. PMID- 7312352 TI - [Experience with catheter embolisation in urologic diseases]. PMID- 7312354 TI - [Adjuvant therapy of pemphigus with plasmapheresis]. PMID- 7312355 TI - [Colposcopic studies in young females]. PMID- 7312356 TI - [Anencephaly in 2 cases of discordant twin pregnancy discovered by prenatal ultrasonography during the second trimester]. PMID- 7312357 TI - Metabolic care of the head and neck surgical patient. PMID- 7312358 TI - Management of the surgical patient with hypertension or diabetes. PMID- 7312359 TI - Diseases of obscure etiology: sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and midline granuloma. AB - Three distinct diseases of undetermined etiology have been presented: sarcoidosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and midline (nonhealing) granuloma, all of which have similar clinical presentations in the midface. The correct diagnosis is essential because the treatment of each disease is different. Sarcoidosis responds best to corticosteroids, Wegener's granulomatosis to cyclophosphamide, and midline granuloma to radiation therapy. The otolaryngologist should be familiar with these diseases, since their important clinical manifestations are most frequently found in the nose, sinuses, and related structures. Early recognition by the otolaryngologist may determine the fate of patients with these disorders. PMID- 7312360 TI - Metabolic causes of hearing loss and vertigo. PMID- 7312361 TI - The differential diagnosis of sellar and parasellar diseases: Clinical and radiographic features. PMID- 7312362 TI - Surgical anatomy of the parasellar region and the sublabial trans-septal approach to the sella. PMID- 7312363 TI - Pituitary ablation for carcinoma of the breast: transethmoidal approach to the sella. PMID- 7312364 TI - Thyroid and parathyroid diseases. PMID- 7312365 TI - [Nasal mucosa ultrastructure in rhinoscleroma]. PMID- 7312366 TI - [Air caloric tests]. PMID- 7312367 TI - [Usefulness of thermography in focal infection of the mandible]. PMID- 7312368 TI - [Sudden deafness as the first symptom of acoustic nerve tumor]. PMID- 7312369 TI - [Relationship between small frequency tone changes and intensity level]. PMID- 7312370 TI - [Effect of tarflen on inner ear biopotentials in the guinea pig]. PMID- 7312371 TI - [Hearing after temporomandibular joint injury]. PMID- 7312372 TI - [Giant osteoma of the frontal sinus]. PMID- 7312373 TI - [Pneumocranium]. PMID- 7312374 TI - [Case of rare localization of cysticercosis]. PMID- 7312375 TI - [Nasal glioma]. PMID- 7312376 TI - [Use of morphological studies of the tympanic ganglion and tympanic membrane in transtympanic neurectomy]. PMID- 7312377 TI - Why I joined organized medicine. PMID- 7312378 TI - Membership development charted by survey. PMID- 7312379 TI - The making of a trauma center. PMID- 7312380 TI - Health care and anti-trust--an overview. PMID- 7312382 TI - Know the facts about medical care costs. PMID- 7312381 TI - Be practical about selling your solo practice. PMID- 7312384 TI - Medical ethics in the nuclear age. PMID- 7312383 TI - Physician's role as informed advisor: seeking solutions to toxic waste management problems. PMID- 7312385 TI - Thrombocytopenic purpura after smallpox vaccine. PMID- 7312386 TI - Prophylactic anticoagulant therapy in patients with spinal cord injury. AB - One hundred and two consecutive acute traumatic spinal injury patients admitted between 1976 and 1979 to a male ward at Stoke Mandeville Hospital were considered for prophylactic anticoagulant therapy. Sixty-six were anticoagulated. Thirty-six were not due to various contra-indications. Nineteen patients had pulmonary emboli. None of these were effectively anticoagulated. These results are compared with a similar previous series where there was a smaller incidence of emboli. The main reason for this was due to the delay in admitting patients to the Centre so that they could not be anticoagulated early enough to prevent pulmonary embolus occurring. In these patients who had a pulmonary embolus or were considered to be a high risk, anticoagulant therapy was continued for 6 months. PMID- 7312387 TI - Analysis of mortality of patients after cervical spine trauma. AB - An analysis of 167 deaths occurring among 1000 patients with cervical spine trauma, treated in the early post-traumatic period in the Rehabilitation Institute at Konstancin, has been carried out in this report. The high percentage of deaths is caused by the great number of elderly patients suffering from other illnesses, a large group with complete spinal cord injury, many cases of high cervical trauma (above C5) and by injuries of other organs, in particular of the skull and chest. We believe that the improvement of general health care in the country taking place in Poland lately, together with the progress in treatment of spinal cord trauma, will bring about a considerable decrease in mortality in the immediate future. PMID- 7312388 TI - Urolithiasis in patients with spinal cord injury. AB - The composition of the stone was determined in 24 paraplegic patients from whom 26 stones were surgically removed. Twenty-five of the 26 stones consisted of 90 per cent magnesium ammonium phosphate and 10 per cent carbonate apatite. The remaining single stone was composed of 90 per cent calcium oxalate and 10 per cent magnesium ammonium phosphate. Renal function improved significantly with the removal of the stones. PMID- 7312389 TI - Lower extremity fractures in patients with spinal cord injury. AB - Lower limb fractures occurring in patients with established spinal paralysis were considered different enough to warrant variations in treatment usually provided to patients without paralysis. Treatment should ensure that functional level will be unchanged after healing occurs. Splints made of soft materials were effective, inexpensive, safe, and allowed for good healing with early rehabilitation. PMID- 7312390 TI - Follow-up usage of the scott-craig Orthosis in paraplegia. AB - A survey of the usage of the Scott-Craig Orthosis among individuals with LI or above complete motor and sensory paraplegia is reported. Patients were grouped according to those without volitionally controlled abdominal musculature (C8-T5), those with volitionally controlled upper abdominal musculature (T6-T9), and those with all abdominal musculature under volitional control (T10-LI). The study was done in two phases. Phase I, done in 1976, consisted of a survey of 184 patients in this neurological grouping who received the Scott-craig Orthosis at Craig Hospital from 1 January 1964 through to 31 December 1975. Phase II was completed in December 1980. Sixty-three additional patients were surveyed who were braced from 1 January 1976 through to 31 December 1979. Long-term usage and some form of ambulation was found in 77 per cent of those surveyed. PMID- 7312391 TI - Spinal cord lesions and lower extremity bracing: an overview and follow-up study. AB - This study was undertaken to illustrate to what extent spinal cord injury patients used their lower extremity braces upon leaving the rehabilitation setting. A questionnaire was set to 60 people, all of whom had had braces prescribed from the Rehabilitation Institute of Montreal, in the 5-year-period between 1973-77. All had been discharged from the rehabilitation centre for at least 1 year. Thirty-five replies were received. The majority (60 per cent) continued to use their wheelchair as their main means of displacement. Thirty-one per cent did not use their braces at all. Most people tended to use their braces at home only for standing and exercise. The authors therefore believe that more careful study should be given to each individual case before braces are prescribed. Alternatives to bracing should be strongly considered. A review of the literature is included. PMID- 7312392 TI - A report from the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of Hand: from the Committee on Spinal Cord Injuries 1980. PMID- 7312393 TI - [Survey of the larval Trematoda parasites of Hydrobia (Prosobranches) mollusca of the coasts of France]. PMID- 7312395 TI - [Epidemiological studies, with the direct and immunodiagnostic method, of parasitic diseases in residents of a Somalia village located in the irrigated zones]. AB - The authors carried out an epidemiological survey for the evaluation of the incidence of the parasitoses in a Somali village localized in proximity to a watercourse. They found parasites in the 72,53% of the examined population: Schistosoma haematobium 42.5%, Ascaris lumbricoides 32%, Ancylostoma duodenale 14%, Entamoeba histolytica 7,5%. The immunofluorescence, nevertheless, showed the presence of antiparasite antibodies in a much higher percentages of cases; it could meant that the real incidence of the various parasitoses is greater than it appears with direct examination. PMID- 7312394 TI - [Diffusion of helminth parasites of the digestive system and respiratory system in deer (Cervus elaphus) of the La Mandria Regional Park (Piedmont)]. AB - A study was carried out on the diffusion of helminth parasites of liver, gastrointestinal system and bronchial system in 68 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Regional Park "La Mandria" (Piedmont, Italy). The following species of nematodes were identified: Trichostrongylus axei, Spiculopteragia spiculoptera, Rinadia mathevossiani, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia pectinata, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia zurnabada, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Dictyocaulus eckerti, Varestrongylus sagittatus. Studies on some nematodes, belonging to the genera Spiculopteragia and Ostertagia, are still in progress. A large diffusion of Fascioloides magna was also present (only two young specimens resulted negative). PMID- 7312396 TI - [Research on the intestinal parasitic fauna of the dog in some semi-urban and rural zones of the Province of Forli]. PMID- 7312397 TI - [Research on trichinellosis in butchered horses in the city of Bologna]. PMID- 7312398 TI - The disappearance of Anopheles labranchiae from Spain. PMID- 7312399 TI - Chromosome studies of oriental anophelines. V. Polytene chromosomes of Anopheles culicifacies. PMID- 7312400 TI - [Radiosensitivity of the stages of ovogenesis in Anopheles atroparvus (Diptera: Nematocera)]. PMID- 7312401 TI - [Safety of the use of the serotype H-14 of Bacillus thuringiensis for the non target fauna of the mosquito breeding places of the French Mediterranean coast]. PMID- 7312404 TI - [Men of science]. PMID- 7312403 TI - [Activity of the serotype H-14 of Bacillus thuringiensis against the principal species of anthropophilic mosquitoes of the French Mediterranean coast]. PMID- 7312402 TI - [Immediate larvicidal activity and residual action of the endotoxin of the serotype H-14 of Bacillus thuringiensis in 2 mosquito biotopes on the French Mediterranean coast]. AB - The primary powder R.153.78 of the serotype H.14 of B. thuringiensis has been evaluated in small field plots against larvae of Ae. detritus and Cx. pipiens.. The minimal concentration of the primary powder inducing a complete mortality was 0.1 mg/1 against Ae. detritus and 0,4 mg/1 against Cx. pipiens, corresponding at dosages of respectively about 310-420 and 1240-1680 International Toxic Units per litre. The residual larvicide effectiveness was close to nil in spite of the chemical stability of the delta endotoxin in neutral and acid waters. Experimental formulations derived from this primary powder were less effective than, or at the best as effective as, the primary powder itself. The above findings confirm that the serotype H.14 of B. thuringiensis could constitute the basis of very effective new larvicides and suggest that formulation research has a major role to play to maximize the potential of this promising biological control agent. PMID- 7312405 TI - [Morphometric evaluation of the changes occurring in the cell nuclei of primary liver cancer in rats under the effect of ethyl alcohol]. PMID- 7312406 TI - [Cloacogenic cancer of the anus]. PMID- 7312407 TI - [Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy]. PMID- 7312408 TI - [Case of peripheral nerve tumor with microscopical features of rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 7312409 TI - [Case of giant placental hemangioma]. PMID- 7312410 TI - [Parasitic eosinophilic granuloma of the appendix]. PMID- 7312411 TI - [Experimental evaluation of the effect of long-term use of sodium fluoride on the bone tissue and various internal organs]. PMID- 7312412 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in the liver of rats poisoned with various doses of thallium sulfate]. PMID- 7312413 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in the internal organs of rats after long-term administration of oxazepam and protriptyline]. PMID- 7312414 TI - [Report of a case of post-ductal aortic stenosis]. PMID- 7312415 TI - [A case of chronic dissecting aneurysm healed with formation of "double-barrelled aorta" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312418 TI - Tissue culture in the study of tumors. General introduction. PMID- 7312417 TI - [Juvenile digital fibromatosis (a peculiar lesion of myofibroblastic nature) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312416 TI - [Functioning adenomas of the adrenal cortex. Histological and ultrastructural aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312419 TI - Tumors of the soft tissues. Cytology and growth pattern of fibrosarcomas and related tumors. PMID- 7312420 TI - General remarks on brain tumors in vitro. PMID- 7312421 TI - Meningiomas in tissue culture. PMID- 7312422 TI - Neurinomas in tissue culture. PMID- 7312423 TI - Brain astrocytomas and their derivatives. PMID- 7312424 TI - Value of tissue culture in the diagnosis of intracranial tumours. PMID- 7312425 TI - New trends in tissue culture of tumors. PMID- 7312426 TI - Characteristics of human lymphoblastoid cell lines established in culture. PMID- 7312427 TI - Clonal evolution of goitres. PMID- 7312428 TI - [Significance of the ciliary changes observed in nasal respiratory mucosa of patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa and hypoacusia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312429 TI - [Oncogenic activity of polyvinylchloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312430 TI - [Carcinoid tumor of the vermiform appendix (morphological and statistical survey) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312431 TI - [Data on 49 cases of so-called Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma]. PMID- 7312432 TI - [Urothelial lesions associated with bladder carcinoma. Histological study of 18 radical cystectomy specimens]. PMID- 7312433 TI - [Hyperplastic-proliferative and preneoplastic lesions of the bladder urothelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312434 TI - [Nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease: the same nosographic entity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312435 TI - Proteolytic dissection of band 3 protein from human erythrocyte in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II. PMID- 7312436 TI - [Mesothelioma caused by asbestos in the Monfalcone area]. PMID- 7312437 TI - [Lobular endocrine neoplasia in fibroadenoma of the breast (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312438 TI - [Ultrastructure of subcutaneous tendons in rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312439 TI - [Leiomyoma of the epididymis. Report of a case]. PMID- 7312440 TI - [Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312442 TI - Ethics on behalf of the mentally retarded. PMID- 7312441 TI - Ethical issues in the treatment of critically ill newborns. PMID- 7312443 TI - Amniocentesis and selective abortion. PMID- 7312444 TI - An ethical issue in pediatric cancer care: nondisclosure of a fatal prognosis. PMID- 7312445 TI - Introduction: bioethics and the pediatrician. PMID- 7312446 TI - Ethical considerations in the medical care of adolescents and thier parents. PMID- 7312447 TI - Teaching medical ethics in a pediatric training program. PMID- 7312449 TI - Symposium on pediatric otolaryngology. PMID- 7312448 TI - Otorhinolaryngologic presentations of infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7312450 TI - Assessment of hearing. PMID- 7312451 TI - Sinusitis and its complications in the pediatric patient. PMID- 7312452 TI - Immotile cilia syndrome. PMID- 7312453 TI - Neck masses in children: adenopathy and malignant disease. PMID- 7312454 TI - Cervical lymphadenitis caused by atypical mycobacteria. PMID- 7312455 TI - Neck masses of congenital origin. PMID- 7312456 TI - Swallowing disorders in infancy. PMID- 7312457 TI - Home care of the child with a tracheotomy tube. PMID- 7312458 TI - Sleep disorders associated with upper airway obstruction in children. AB - Improved case identification of children with upper airway obstruction during sleep should result if physicians are aware of such signs and symptoms as excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, restless sleep, recurrent nocturnal enuresis, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, undergrowth or obesity, and cor pulmonale. Furthermore, partial airway obstruction during wakefulness may be a risk factor for the development of sleep apneas or hypopneas. In suspected cases, polysomnography is a useful method for confirming and quantitating the type (central, obstructive, or mixed) and extent of ventilatory disturbance during sleep and its functional significance (such as arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation or cardiac arrhythmia). Other methods may be employed to yield similar data. There seem to be at least two groups of children reported in the literature, those in whom there is a specific surgically correctable lesion (such as adenotonsillar hypertrophy) versus those who eventually need tracheotomy because of collapse of upper airway musculature during sleep. In the latter group of children, it is necessary to hypothesize an additional defect in the CNS regulation of respiration during sleep. Further research is necessary to define the boundary between normal and abnormal breathing during sleep, and to understand more thoroughly the effects of intermittent hypoventilation on daytime functioning. PMID- 7312460 TI - Genetics of congenital deafness. PMID- 7312459 TI - Subglottic stenosis. PMID- 7312461 TI - Audiologic aspects of learning and behavior. AB - To effectively deal with learning and behavioral problems, physicians must acquire a new knowledge base and interact meaningfully with professionals from a variety of disciplines. They must be aware that audiologic factors are only one part of a complex matrix of components contributing to learning and behavior. Although the exact nature of these components is still being defined, their interrelationship can be hypothesized. An individual can overcome the uncertainties and avoid inappropriate diagnoses in this field by applying a comprehensive, descriptive diagnostic process. With a broad understanding of the transactional model of learning and behavior, physicians can ensure that audiologic problems are defined and addressed appropriately. By acknowledging this approach in the identification, assessment and management of children with learning and behavioral dysfunction, the physician can become a powerful advocate for these children. PMID- 7312462 TI - The psychiatric aspects of ear, nose, and throat disorders. PMID- 7312463 TI - Normal pressure hydrocephalus in the newborn. AB - The entity of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) following intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn has been characterized. Of 87 infants with intraventricular hemorrhage, 20 had early and rapidly progressive hydrocephalus with intracranial hypertension and/or death. In 47 cases there was no increase in ventricular size and in 20 cases there was progressive increase in ventricular size with normal intracranial pressure, ie, NPH. Of these infants with NPH, nine had spontaneous arrest with or without resolution of ventriculomegaly, beginning within 31 days of onset. In 11 cases, after a stable period of NPH lasting 12 to 84 days, there was progressive increase in ventricular size accompanied ultimately by raised intracranial pressure. A relationship between the degree of ventriculomegaly and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage was demonstrated. The data thus define a state of NPH after intraventricular hemorrhage and indicate that approximately half of such cases will not develop progressive hydrocephalus with increased intracranial pressure. If arrest or onset of resolution of ventriculomegaly is not apparent within approximately one month, continued progression and necessity for intervention are to be expected. Serial measurements of intracranial pressure and ventricular size in newborns with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation allow the diagnosis of NPH and permit early recognition of rapidly progressive ventricular dilation with intracranial hypertension which may follow a stable period of NPH. Such early recognition of this potentially harmful state allows prompt ventricular drainage, thereby preventing brain compression. PMID- 7312464 TI - Suppurative thrombophlebitis in childhood. AB - Thrombophlebitis in children is almost always related to intravenous therapy. In most cases the inflammatory reaction is self-limited and resolves when the intravenous catheter or needle is removed. In some cases contamination may result in suppurative thrombophlebitis, a potentially life-threatening complication of intravenous therapy. This report describes two-6-year-old children with suppurative thrombophlebitis that was successfully treated by drainage of periphlebitic abscess and excision of the infected vein. Early recognition and prompt surgical management should reduce morbidity and prevent mortality in these cases. PMID- 7312465 TI - Effect of antenatal administration of Betamethasone on hospital costs and survival of premature infants. AB - Prenatal administration of glucocorticoids has been shown to decrease in incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, but little is known regarding the immediate economic impact of this reduction in respiratory morbidity. This study retrospectively examined 342 infants born during 1978 and 1979 and hospitalized in the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Comparison of survival and the hospital charges for infants whose mothers had not received prenatal glucocorticoid therapy showed that administration of glucocorticoids has a significant effect in lowering mortality in infants with birth weights between 750 and 1,249 gm (27 to 29 weeks' gestation). Glucocorticoid therapy was also effective in decreasing morbidity as reflected by hospital charges of surviving infants with birth weights between 1,250 and 1,749 gm (30 to 32 weeks' gestation). In both steroid-treated and nontreated mothers, prolongation of gestation decreases hospital charges in a linear fashion. The noted decrease in hospital costs should not justify prenatal glucocorticoid administration but should stimulate examination of long-term effects of the drug on surviving infants. PMID- 7312466 TI - What's the difference? Pediatric residents and their inaccurate concepts regarding statistics. AB - Two multiple-choice questions were designed to assess pediatric knowledge of two statistical concepts: (1) correlation and (2) probability values for statistical significance. One question was administered to 684 residents from 24 major pediatric training programs; this response rate represented 84% of all residents in these programs (PL-1, PL-2, and PL-3 years). In 20 of these programs, the second question was administered to 437 residents, representing a 79% response rate. Less than 20% of the residents responded correctly to the first question, and approximately half chose correctly on the second question. Further, no trend toward improvement was apparent with additional years of residency training. This limited knowledge of statistical concepts suggests that pediatricians are not well equipped to evaluate the scientific merit of research reported in pediatric journals. PMID- 7312467 TI - Epidemiology of adolescent dysmenorrhea. AB - Dysmenorrhea is the leading cause of recurrent short-term school absenteeism among adolescent girls. Controversy surrounds the relative role of psychologic and biologic variables in the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea. Therefore, data from 2,699 menarcheal adolescents, drawn from a national probability sample of 12 to 17-year-old girls (the National Health Examination Survey), were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analytic techniques for biologic, psychologic, and demographic correlates of dysmenorrhea. Of 1,611 adolescents (59,7%) who report dysmenorrhea, 14% frequently miss school because of cramps. The greatest proportion of variation of independent variables in a stepwise multiple regression analysis in this study was predicted by gynecologic or postmenarcheal age. Preparation for menarche, a psychologic variable, did not predict either dysmenorrhea or subsequent school absence. Socioeconomic status was positively correlated with dysmenorrhea although race was not. However, black students (23.6%) miss more school because of dysmenorrhea than white students (12.3%) even when socioeconomic status is held constant. Data in this study suggest that biologic variables play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea. PMID- 7312468 TI - Teenagers' preferences regarding the presence of family members, peers, and chaperones during examination of genitalia. AB - During physical examination that include the genitalia, teenagers are typically separated from their parents and females are provided with a chaperone. To assess teenagers' attitudes regarding this practice, 140 females and 60 males awaiting treatment in a general adolescent clinic were asked their opinion about a physical examination that include the genitalia. Teenagers indicated whether they would want to be accompanied during the examination, and by whom, as a function of the hypothetical clinical situation that varied the sex and familiarity of the physician. Choices reflected teenagers' age and sex, rather than physician characteristics. Young males and females strongly preferred to be accompanied, generally by a family member. With increasing age, males preferred to be alone with the physician whereas females preferred to be accompanied. Regardless of sex and age, virtually none chose the company of peers. Despite strong development differences, however, there also were pronounced individual differences among teenagers of the same age. Our results suggest that service delivery be adapted to the particular preference expressed by individual teenagers. Needs assessment for adolescent programs may best be achieved by conducting similar surveys in local clinical settings. PMID- 7312469 TI - Adolescent suicide attempts following elective abortion: a special case of anniversary reaction. PMID- 7312470 TI - Daytime television viewing by hospitalized children. AB - To determine whether hospitalized pediatric patients may be inadvertently exposed to excessive amounts of commercial television, a survey of the quantity and quality of daytime television viewing by patients was conducted at the Winnipeg Children's Centre. Television viewing patterns were recorded for 845 patients, each of whom was observed at half-hour intervals between 9 am and 5 pm. The results indicated that the percentage of children viewing television throughout the day ranged from 21% fo 75% with a mean daily weekday viewing time of 3.9 hours per eight-hour survey day. The data indicate that daytime viewing is substantially higher for hospitalized than nonhospitalized children and includes much programming that is directed toward adults. Hospital television viewing was characterized as indiscriminate and excessive, indicating the need to increase staff awareness of the influence of television and, if possible, provide patients with commercial-free, alternative programming. PMID- 7312471 TI - Childhood mental disorders in primary health care: results of observations in four developing countries. A report from the WHO collaborative Study on Strategies for Extending Mental Health Care. AB - To ascertain the frequency of mental disorders in Sudan, Philippines, India, and Columbia, 925 children attending primary health care facilities were studied. Rates of between 12% and 29% were found in the four study areas. The range of mental disorders diagnosed was similar to the encountered in industrialized countries. The research procedure involved a two-stage screening in which a ten item "reporting questionnaire" constituted the first stage. The study has shown that mental disorders are common among children attending primary health care facilities in four developing countries and that accompanying adults (usually the mothers) readily recognize and report common psychologic and behavioral symptoms when these are solicited by means of a simple set of questions. Despite this, the primary health workers themselves recognized only between 10% and 22% of the cases of mental disorder. The result have been used to design appropriate brief training courses in childhood mental disorders for primary health workers in the countries participating in the study. PMID- 7312472 TI - Risk factors for child abuse: methodologic standards in case-control studies. AB - To determine whether the findings of case-control studies of risk factors for child abuse may have been biased because of inattention to scientific principles of research design, 22-case-control studies were reviewed investigating either of two risk factors: (1) prematurity or low birth weight of the abused child or (2) young maternal age of the mother of the abused child. Each study was examined to determine compliance with seven methodologic standards that would minimize bias or distortion of the results. No study satisfied all seven standards. Two standards, choice of a specific control group and adjustment for differences in clinical and demographic susceptibility factors, most often affected the results. Studies complying with both of these standards indicated that prematurity or low birth weight is not a risk factor for abuse and that young maternal age at the birth of the abused child is likely to be a risk factor. Few studies complied with the standard concerned with avoidance of detection bias; this failure may have a major effect on the direction bias; this failure may have a major effect on the direction of the results of certain studies. Previous case-control studies of child abuse have important methodologic flaws that can affect the validity of the results. The standards presented should be helpful in planning methodologically rigorous studies. PMID- 7312473 TI - Effect of physical training on exercise performance of children following surgical repair of congenital heart disease. AB - The effect of physical training on the exercise performance of 26 patients following surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (16 patients) and ventricular septal defect (ten patients) was evaluated. Base line exercise testing was performed on a bicycle ergometer using the technique of Godfrey. Patients were placed on a six-week alternate day submaximal interval home exercise program of varying duration and intensity. Work loads at 50%, 60%, and 70% maximum oxygen consumption were selected to maintain heart rates between 130 and 160 beats per minute. Subjects completed an average of 18 of the possible 21 training sessions (range 11 to 21). A 25% improvement (p less than .001) was noted in maximum work capacity (747 to 935 km). Sixty-five percent of the patients performed at less than expected maximum work capacity prior to training, but only 31% performed at less than expected maximum work capacity after training. Repeat testing at work loads of one-third, one-half, and two-thirds the original maximum work capacity revealed improved aerobic efficiency as manifested by significantly decreased oxygen consumption and heart rate at each level of work. No significant difference was noted in maximum oxygen consumption. It is concluded that physical training can improve the exercise performance of patients after surgical repair, permitting the individuals to function at levels of activity at, or closely approaching, normal. PMID- 7312475 TI - Social context of child development. AB - Theories of child development, no less than the ways in which children develop, are influenced by social context. This thesis is illustrated by examples drawn three areas relevant to pediatrics. First, given the data demonstrating that fewer biologic and social hazards result from first trimester abortion that from carrying an unwanted pregnancy to term, the current controversy about abortion can only be understood in relation to concerns about contemporary patterns of sexual behavior, contraceptive use, and preferred family size. Second, now that the majority of mothers are employed in the work force, stress on the importance of "bonding" in early infancy, on the basis of dubious evidence, leads to unwarranted implications for social policy. Third, in contrast to the traditional American belief in public schools as instruments for the democratization of our society, public education is now being assailed as useless (and thus undeserving of funding) despite data indicating that schools make a difference to both academic and behavioral outcomes. In these controversies, differing value commitments lead to the choice of different data sets to justify a priori conclusions. Social theories are, by their very nature, value-laden but they can nonetheless be effective guides to action if those values are made explicit. PMID- 7312474 TI - Utilization of school and primary health care resources for common health problems of schoolchildren. PMID- 7312476 TI - Strategies for reducing prescription costs. PMID- 7312477 TI - Adolescent medicine: subspecialty or outcast? PMID- 7312478 TI - Adoptive children in a dysmorphology clinic: implications for evaluation of children before adoption. PMID- 7312479 TI - Hypertrichosis pinnae in babies of diabetic mothers. PMID- 7312480 TI - Theophylline and diet. PMID- 7312481 TI - Salicylates and Reye's syndrome. PMID- 7312482 TI - Speech Effect of theophylline. PMID- 7312483 TI - Circumcisions: knowledge isn't enough. PMID- 7312484 TI - Air in the ductus. PMID- 7312485 TI - Apparent inverted tandem duplication may result from parental paracentric inversion. PMID- 7312486 TI - [Hepato-toxic effects of antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 7312487 TI - [Cytotoxicity induced by killer cells: role of lymphocytotoxic alloantibodies on autologous killer cells in polytransfused patients]. PMID- 7312488 TI - [Bronchomotor manifestations caused by acetylsalicylic acid. Research on a group of children with allergic asthma]. PMID- 7312489 TI - [Comparative study of the various methods of determination of hemoglobin A2]. PMID- 7312490 TI - [Auxological studies of 50 children with beta-thalassemia major]. PMID- 7312491 TI - [Epidemiological and therapeutic considerations on 46 cases of shigellosis in childhood]. PMID- 7312492 TI - [The Potter syndrome with complete absence of external genitalia and uterus bicornis]. PMID- 7312493 TI - [Possible role of viral infections in the etiology of diabetes mellitus in children (epidemiological data)]. PMID- 7312494 TI - [Clinical and immunological characteristics of obesity in children]. PMID- 7312495 TI - [Phospholipids in the serum and erythrocyte membrane of children with a constitutional exogenous form of obesity]. PMID- 7312496 TI - [Autoimmune reactions in children with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7312497 TI - [Interrelations between the hemostasis system and various environmental factors in chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 7312498 TI - [Changes in proteins of the "acute stage of inflammation" in children with the nephrotic form of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7312499 TI - [Medical aspects of the prevention of injuries in children]. PMID- 7312500 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid and central and peripheral hemodynamics in children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 7312501 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with the sequelae of meningitis in sanatoria]. PMID- 7312502 TI - [Various problems of adaptation of schoolchildren to the conditions of northern Siberia and of the organization of therapeutic and preventive services]. PMID- 7312503 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis in children]. PMID- 7312504 TI - [Histaglobulin in the complex treatment of children with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7312505 TI - [Method of obtaining bronchial contents from children]. PMID- 7312506 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in children with severe forms of acute bronchopulmonary disease]. PMID- 7312507 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood of healthy children and those with salmonellosis]. PMID- 7312508 TI - [Peripheral circulation in healthy young children and those with pneumonia]. PMID- 7312509 TI - [Medical and pedagogical control of the physical training of preschool children]. PMID- 7312510 TI - [Lung infarction in destructive pneumonia in a young child]. PMID- 7312511 TI - [Adrenal gland insufficiency in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7312512 TI - [Carbocromen poisoning in children. Report of 2 cases and therapeutic recommendations]. PMID- 7312513 TI - [Gastric and duodenal ulcers in the child: diagnostic problems. Apropos of 53 cases]. PMID- 7312514 TI - [Testicular involvement in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 7312515 TI - [Nephrocalcinosis in a premature infant. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7312516 TI - [Familial infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return]. PMID- 7312517 TI - [A+(8,13) translocation followed for 3 generations]. PMID- 7312518 TI - [Cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome]. PMID- 7312519 TI - Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the Goodenough-Harris and McCarthy Draw-A-Child scoring systems. AB - Inter-rater reliability of the Goodenough-Harris and McCarthy Draw-A-Child scoring system was examined for a sample of 60 children, including 20 school labeled learning disabled, 20 mentally retarded, and 20 normal children between the ages of 6 and 8 1/2 yr. (M = 7-8; 44 males and 16 females; 36 whites and 24 blacks). The inter-rater reliabilities of the Goodenough-Harris system were .938 and .934 for the McCarthy Draw-A-Child. The scores from both drawing tests correlated significantly, .57 to .87, with the WISC-R Full Scale IQ and McCarthy General Cognitive Index. Implications are discussed as they relate to the use of the Goodenough-Harris and McCarthy Draw-A-Child systems. PMID- 7312520 TI - Behavioral treatment of the traumatically brain-injured: a case study. AB - The present case illustrates the application of behavioral modification methodology with a traumatically brain-injured adult. Such a treatment regime utilizing a report-card system and a response-cost procedure was implemented to decrease behaviors of using foul language and biting staff members. Dramatic improvement was demonstrated. PMID- 7312521 TI - Effects of uncertainties of time and occurrence on reaction time of mentally handicapped students. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of uncertainties of time and occurrence on reaction time of mildly handicapped students. 33 students were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: no catch-trials, 10% catch trials, and 20% catch-trials. Randomly varied foreperiods of 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 sec. were used in a reaction time task. The role of catch-trials varied over four days of testing. Reaction times following 3.0- and 4.5-sec. were significantly faster than measurements following a 1.5-sec. foreperiod. PMID- 7312522 TI - Relationship of visual two-flash and absolute auditory perceptual sensitivity. AB - The relationship of two-flash and absolute auditory threshold measures was studied in a sample of 65 male college students. The two-flash threshold showed sensitivity essentially unrelated to absolute auditory sensitivity (r = .03). This result was contrasted with that reported by Hanback and Revelle who found a weak but significantly positive correlation for the sensitivity values for the two tasks. PMID- 7312523 TI - Magnitude of suppression of binocular rivalry within the invisible pattern. AB - How the magnitude of the suppression effect in binocular rivalry is shared within the completely invisible pattern was studied. Accuracy of detecting a target presented in the invisible pattern was measured at each of two positions of the target combined with two positions of the fixation point. The target which was presented at the periphery of the suppressed invisible pattern was detected more accurately than that presented at the center regardless of the position of fixation. PMID- 7312524 TI - Behavioral dentistry: a multiple-baseline study incorporating contracting with patients. AB - The present investigation examined the effects of contracting upon modification of oral hygiene skill and plaque indexes. Three males and one female from a VA domiciliary attended 20 oral hygiene patient-education classes during which personalized flossing and brushing instructions were given. Double-blind personal contracting procedures were applied within a multiple-baseline design across subjects and behaviors. Responses indicated that signing either the skill or plaque contract modified the related index in the desired direction. Contracting appears a viable strategy for selected oral hygiene problems. PMID- 7312525 TI - Effects of heart-rate biofeedback and false feedback on reactions to stressful stimulation. AB - Three groups of 10 subjects were exposed to intermittent bursts of loud noise. Two groups attempted bi-directional cardiac control immediately prior to the noise bursts, one with the aid of continuous heart-rate biofeedback and one without. The third group did not attempt heart-rate control but instead received false feedback that heart rate was either increasing or decreasing prior to the noise bursts. Only the biofeedback-assisted group demonstrated reliably different cardiac changes during attempted heart-rate increase and decrease. The heart rates of the false-feedback subjects were unaffected by the direction of change signalled by the biofeedback display. However, a significant differential effect on subjects' ratings of the noise bursts, in terms of loudness and unpleasantness, was apparent only in the false-feedback group. Skin conductance responses showed no such effect in any of the three groups. The results are most readily accounted for in terms of attribution theory. PMID- 7312526 TI - Orientation and tactile symbol recognition. PMID- 7312527 TI - Visual search performance by paranoid and chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics. AB - Disturbances in attention are among the most frequent cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia. Recent research has suggested that some schizophrenics have difficulty with visual tracking, which is suggestive of attentional deficits. To investigate differential visual-search performance by schizophrenics, 15 chronic undifferentiated and 15 paranoid schizophrenics were compared with 15 normals on two tests measuring visual search in a systematic and an unsystematic stimulus mode. Chronic schizophrenics showed difficulty with both kinds of visual-search tasks. In contrast, paranoids had only a deficit in the systematic visual-search task. Their ability for visual search in an unsystematized stimulus array was equivalent to that of normals. Although replication and cross-validation is needed to confirm these findings, it appears that the two tests of visual search may provide a useful ancillary method for differential diagnosis between these two types of schizophrenia. PMID- 7312528 TI - Information for the spatial factor in Korte's 3rd Law of apparent motion. AB - The experiments reported here show that Korte's space-time invariance equation governing perception of apparent motion is limited to situations in which metric or apparent separation of targets define but a single interval of space. Variation in interstimulus intervals and metric separation of targets did not influence the perception of apparent motion when the background array was structured to depict apparently equal intervals of space. These results provide a test of Koffka's and more recently Gibson's view that higher order properties of intervals of space specify the spatial factor in apparent movement. PMID- 7312529 TI - Dichaptic task performance as a function of ability pattern, sex, and hand preference. AB - It was hypothesized that, since verbal and spatial ability seem to be lateralized (left for verbal, right for spatial), in any dichaptic task individuals with high spatial ability will do best with their left hands and those with high verbal ability best with their right hands. Conversely, scores with high spatial ability should make more errors with their right hands and highly verbal people more errors with their left hands. Some evidence was found to support these hypotheses for males, but for females the relationships seemed more complex. Possible explanations and implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7312530 TI - Body image of and contraceptive use by college females. AB - 83 sexually active college females completed a body-image scale and were classified on the basis of type of contraceptive used and consistency of contraceptive use. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified sets of body-image items which significantly discriminated among the three groups of contraceptive types and four groups of contraceptive consistency. PMID- 7312531 TI - Vision and kinesthesis in spatial short-term memory. AB - This investigation examined the effects of different localizing cues on the precision with which subjects can recall the position of a target in space. The availability of the cues--vision, kinesthesis, or both--was varied during both learning and recall. Subjects (age range 26 to 58 yr.) placed the stimulus or watched it being placed. The stimulus was removed, and subjects replaced or indicated its replacement location. Results show a striking similarity of performance for all subjects and significant performance differences relative to the different cues. The results provide information about intramodal and intermodal visual and kinesthetic transfer effects and about the effects of unimodal and multimodal input in such transfer. Results confirm a dominance of vision over kinesthesis, i.e., "kinesthetic memory" does not provide as accurate localizing information as does "visual memory." PMID- 7312532 TI - Effects of running and of an exercise class on anxiety. AB - 11 young adult men and 9 women in a running group, an organized exercise class (2 men and 10 women) and a group eating lunch at a YMHA (6 men and 4 women) were assessed as to pre- and post-State anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The three groups showed significant decreases in anxiety after the activity. This suggests that diversionary as well as causal influences may have been operative or an effect of testing. PMID- 7312533 TI - Acquisition of bitransitive sentences in Persian and Chinese: differences between comprehension and production tests. AB - 48 Iranian and 48 Chinese children, from 3 to 5 yr. old, were tested for their comprehension and production of two forms of bitransitive sentences in their respective languages. There was evidence that sentential forms in which the transfer object was mentioned next to the transfer action were acquired better by the subjects than those in which the two were separated by the recipient of the transfer object. Sentences that were closer in structural or semantic aspects to extra-linguistic experiences were handled better. Some differences were obtained between sentence comprehension and sentence production, apparently due to psychomotor factors in the language-related behaviors of the children. PMID- 7312535 TI - Comparison of comprehension scores of learning disabled high school students for content presented aurally at variable rates of speech. AB - 60 learning disabled students, 43 males and 17 females, enrolled in a high school special education resource-room program listened to content presented at variable rates. The 60 subjects were randomly assigned to six experimental groups of 10 students each. Three groups were assigned to listen to content in history each at one of three predetermined rates. The same procedure was used for the three groups assigned to listen to biological content. Measures of comprehension of the content indicated no significant difference in the amount of information each group of students retained when the historical or biological content was presented to their particular group aurally at an expanded, normal, or compressed rate of speech. PMID- 7312534 TI - Actuarial assessment of Wechsler Verbal-Performance Scale differences as signs of lateralized cerebral impairment. AB - Long-standing clinical lore holds that a discrepancy between Wechsler-Bellevue (W B) Verbal/Performance Scale weighted scores is a more sensitive sign of lateralized brain damage than a discrepancy between Verbal/Performance Scale IQ. To assess this question, two step-wise discriminant functions using W-B Verbal and Performance Scale weighted scores (Function 1) and IQs (Function 2) as independent variables were derived and cross-validated on right- and left hemisphere-lesioned subjects. Cross-validation hit rates were statistically comparable through disappointingly low (Function 1-67%, Function 2-64%). These results do not support the clinical lore which favors a weighted discrepancy score over an IQ-discrepancy as a sign of lateralized cerebral impairment. PMID- 7312536 TI - Presentational style of therapeutic directive and response to cold pressor pain. PMID- 7312537 TI - Operant conditioning of mental retardates' visual monitoring. AB - To study improvement of visual monitoring of retardates, specialized training methods backed up by incentives were used. The extent to which these training techniques might be expected to produce results which would generalize to those situations in which the retardate was required to monitor without the increased signal rate and knowledge of results was explored. Subjects were 8 female mental retardates with IQs from 38 to 69. Detection of an aperiodic pattern change during pre-training was compared with final performance after 4 training sessions. During training, the task difficulty was increased until during the final training session it approximated the test conditions. Immediate knowledge of results was given for correct detections and false positive responses. Tokens were given to the subjects, based on the scores at the end of the session. After the final session these tokens were exchanged for prizes. As predicted, training under these conditions significantly enhanced the retardates' performance and transferred to the condition with no knowledge of results. PMID- 7312538 TI - Influence of personal characteristics of the speaker on phonetic quality in perception of vowels. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effect of speaker's voice quality on perceived phonetic quality in vowels using a perceptual scaling task. 16 subjects scales sets of vowels produced by six different speakers (three women, three men). Analysis indicated no significant influence of speaker's quality on judgments of similarity of vowels. Results suggest that judgments of similarity were made on the basis of linguistically categorized images. PMID- 7312540 TI - Neuropsychological effects of abuse of inhalants. AB - A neuropsychological battery of 67 measures was completed by 68 inhalant-abusing and 41 other-drug-abusing adolescent subjects. The measures tapped both global and specific functioning. Analysis of covariance was used to control effects of age and other drug use. These analyses indicated that inhalant abusers performed significantly more poorly than other drug abusers on 20 of the 67 measures. Deficits were observed on both global measures (WAIS and WRAT) and specific measures (perception of speech sounds, visual suppression, sensory perception, and Trails). These deficits suggest that the effect of inhalant abuse may be severe and widespread. PMID- 7312541 TI - Relationship between depth perception and basketball-shooting performance over a competitive season. PMID- 7312539 TI - Self-report as a validity check for the Luscher Color Test. AB - 20 college students, in a single-group design, participated in a study of the validity of the Luscher Color Test. The objective was to determine whether personality descriptions based on the test would significantly match written statements the subjects selected as self-descriptive. Each subject took the test twice and data from the second testing were analyzed. Later, the same subjects took a self-report test on which they rated 32 statements on a continuum from "characteristics I identify with most" to "characteristics I identify with least." The results of comparing the two tests showed a greater than chance correspondence between the test descriptions and self-report descriptions. Observed social desirability appears to account for the correlation. PMID- 7312542 TI - Performance of three-year-old children on the Berry Visual-Motor Integration Test. PMID- 7312543 TI - Increasing slowed operant responding of schizophrenics under a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. AB - Two procedures were evaluated in terms of their ability to modify the slowed responding of schizophrenics under an FR 40 schedule. FR 40 response rates increased when schizophrenics were instructed to earn a minimum number of reinforcements or to imitate the rate of responding of someone shown earning that minimum number of reinforcements. The greater increase in FR 40 responding occurred under the latter procedure. PMID- 7312544 TI - Maintenance of environmental orientation during body rotation. AB - The accuracy with which orientation is maintained in unfamiliar environments during body rotation was investigated by showing subjects (n = 16) a target in different directions (15 degrees to 60 degrees relative to the direction faced), then after varied retention intervals (7 to 14 sec.) requiring them to rotate their bodies 0 degrees to 75 degrees and, having completed rotation, to estimate numerically the direction to the target which by then was out of sight. By contrast to a perceptual baseline condition in which the target was visible, the subjects overestimated the target direction by an amount which increased linearly with the angle of body rotation. This overcompensation differed from the larger undercompensation that had been observed previously for straight walking, which suggested that different mechanisms produced the errors. PMID- 7312545 TI - Subjective stress and internal-external locus of control. PMID- 7312547 TI - Constant vs variable stimulus intensity and visual simple reaction time. AB - The effects of constant and variable stimulus intensity on simple RT were investigated with an effective intensity manipulation. Luminances were 40 and 90 dB re 10(-10) lambert. RT was generally longer when intensity varied within a session than when it was constant. RT also was longer when a bright stimulus was presented on the preceding trial as opposed to a weak one. These effects were not found in earlier studies in which differences in luminance were small. However, the RT-difference between bright and dim stimuli was equal under the conditions of constant and variable intensity. Hence the present results replicate only in part the auditory findings of Grice and Hunter (1964) and Thrane (1961). PMID- 7312546 TI - Spontaneous reference systems in individuals. AB - In a series of five experiments the referencing function of spatial structures was investigated. The problem was (a) to determine whether subjects' effective frames of reference and their object figures could be experimentally identified, (b) to determine whether the analyses developed for this purpose were adequate, and (c) to determine some conditions of frames of reference. Graduate and undergraduate students were asked to reconstruct and to recall multiply-embedded figures viewed earlier. In these figures the spatial orientation of the figure elements was manipulated. Both reconstruction and recall errors were analyzed to identify subjects' effective frames of reference and their object figures. A single-subject design was used throughout. Frames of reference and their objects could be identified in Exp. 1. This experiment also showed the appropriateness of the analyses. Exp. 2 indicated that embedding figures provide one condition for identifying frames of reference. Exps. 3 to 5 demonstrated that changes in element figures, measurement, and reduction of trials and number of elements did not eliminate frames of reference. Differences in types of frames of reference were found. These differences were interpreted to indicate that some subjects use content, others formal schema (referents) to evaluate spatial orientation. PMID- 7312548 TI - Hemispheric specialization for tactile-spatial processing in preschool children. AB - Witelson (1976) found that boys but not girls showed right-hemisphere specialization for tactile-spatial processing as early as 6 yr. of age. In the present study, Witelson's task was administered to 46 normal 4- and 5-yr.-old girls and boys. Both sexes showed right-hemisphere specialization. There were no sex differences either in specialization or in over-all performance. PMID- 7312549 TI - Effect of listeners' comprehension on judgments of speakers' height and weight. AB - To determine the effect of listener's comprehension on speakers' height and weight judgments, a total of 40 speakers, 20 Americans (10 females and 10 males) and 20 non-Americans representing various nationalities (10 females and 10 males), recorded a standard prose passage. A total of three master tapes were constructed to represent the three experimental conditions: (1) American speakers' readings in English, (2) foreign speakers' reading in their native languages, and (3) foreign speakers' readings in English. A total of 30 judges, 15 females and 15 males, participated in three sessions, one for each of the three master tapes, and were asked to provide direct estimations of the height and weight of each speaker from the tapes. Listeners' comprehension does not appear to play a major role in height and weight judgmental tasks. PMID- 7312550 TI - Examination of item weighting on the Adaptive Behavior Scale Part II. PMID- 7312551 TI - Psychometric properties of two measures of intrinsic motivation. AB - Howard's Maze Test and Maw and Maw's Which-to-Discuss Test were individually administered to 25 educable mentally retarded junior high school students. Although the internal consistency of both tests was acceptably high (.81 to .90, respectively), scores were essentially unrelated to a host of demographic and other types of variables. Moreover, the correlation between scores on the two instruments was only -.06. It was suggested that the tests might better be described as measures of diversive curiosity and specific curiosity, respectively, than as measures of intrinsic motivation. PMID- 7312552 TI - Southeastern Asian refugees' presbyopia. AB - The onset and terminal stages of presbyopia, the loss of amplitude of accommodation of the eye associated with old age, of the Southeastern Asian refugees were investigated. Subjects examined in a 6-mo. period in an optometric practice are included. A +1.00 D add was used to define onset of presbyopia, and +2.00 to 2.50 D, the terminal stage. Only those age 42 yr. and below were analyzed, a total of 184 subjects. Of these 68 required a +1.00 D or larger add. chi 2 test of an obvious increase in add requirement from ages 30-34 to 35-39 yr. was significant, meaning that the onset of presbyopia begins at the age of 35 yr. Age 42 yr. was considered the most probable age to be the terminal stage. An unusual feature, presbyopia occurring below age 35 yr., was noted. Thus, the earlier onset and terminal stages of presbyopia of the Southeastern Asian refugees support the notion of the regional, ethnic, and environmental influences in the development of presbyopia. PMID- 7312554 TI - Organochlorine insecticide residues in soil and earthworms in the Delhi area, India, August--October, 1974. AB - DDT residues in soil and earthworms from 50 sites in Delhi were monitored. DDT was detected in all but two samples each of soil and earthworms. Among DDT residues, p,p'-DDE was most common and was found in 48 samples each of soil and earthworms; p,p'-DDT was detected in only 43 soil samples and 46 earthworm samples. p,p'-TDE and o,p'-DDT were also present in smaller concentrations in 29 and 15 soil samples and in 43 and 25 earthworm samples, respectively. Maximum total DDT concentration of 2.6 ppm was detected in the soil from Durga Nagar in the vicinity of a DDT factory. The highest concentration of 37.7 ppm total DDT in earthworms was also obtained from the same site. The maximum concentration factor found in the earthworms was 551. The total DDT concentration in the earthworms and soil showed significant correlation. PMID- 7312553 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in blood of newborn babies in India. AB - Umbilical cord blood collected during labor of 100 Indian women was analyzed for organochlorine pesticides by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. Significant levels of p,p'-DDT and its metabolites, p,p'-TDE and p,p' DDE, as well as alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers of BHC were estimated. Residues in the neonatal blood were related to age, dietetic habits, and area of residence of the mothers. The study highlights the extent of placental transfer of the body burden of toxic chemicals from the mother to the fetus. PMID- 7312555 TI - Organochlorine insecticide concentrations in fish of the Des Moines River, Iowa, 1977-78. AB - Organochlorine insecticides were measured in fish of the Des Moines River, Iowa, in 1977 and 1978 to determine whether concentrations exceeded allowable levels and to compare differences among species. Significant differences in mean concentrations of dieldrin, sigma DDT, and heptachlor epoxide in whole-body samples of seven species of fish, Dorosoma cepedianum, Carpiodes carpio, Cyprinus carpio, Ictalurus punctatus, Pomoxis annularis, Micropterus salmoides, Stizostedion vitreum, could not be adequately explained by body size, position of species in the food chain, or percent body fat. PMID- 7312556 TI - Persistence of dieldrin water and channel catfish from the Des Moines River, Iowa, 1971-73 and 1978. AB - This study was conducted to determine if dieldrin concentrations in water and fish of the Des Moines River, Iowa, decreased after registration of the compound was withdrawn by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1975. Mean June concentrations of dieldrin in river water decreased from 50 ppt in 1971 to 11 ppt in 1978. Average daily transport of dieldrin was 156 g in 1971 and 70 g in 1978. July levels in channel catfish muscle were 75 ppb in 1973 and 46 ppb in 1978. Dieldrin was still present in significant concentrations in the aquatic system 3 years after registration withdrawal. PMID- 7312557 TI - Electrogenic sodium pump in rabbit atrio-ventricular node cell. AB - Electrogenicity of the Na pump was demonstrated in rabbit A-V node cells by analyzing the K-induced hyperpolarization occurring after a short period of K free perfusion. The transient hyperpolarization was abolished completely by strophanthidin (10(-5)M). The membrane slope conductance remained unchanged during the transient hyperpolarization. On perfusion of 50 mM K and K-free incubation the transient hyperpolarization reached --69 mV which was more negative than the expected EK (about --28 mV). The order of potencies of monovalent cations to activate the K site of the Na pump was Tl greater than Rb equal to K greater than NH4 equal to Cs greater than Li, which was similar to the sequence reported in the literature. Michaelis-Menten type activation of the K site of the Na pump was suggested from the relationship between the decay rate constant of the K-induced outward current transient and [K]o. These findings obviously indicate that the Na pump in the A-V node cells shares common characteristics with those of other excitable tissues. Direct contribution of the pump activity to the membrane potential under physiological conditions was suggested by a significant depolarization occurring immediately after application of strophanthidin. PMID- 7312559 TI - Tension minima and activation in frog twitch muscle fibres. AB - Responses to restimulation at different times during isometric relaxation were recorded from single muscle fibres at 15 degrees C. The reactivation latency was constant over a wide range of tensions but the time (tmin) between restimulation and the subsequent tension minimum always varied by several milliseconds. Variation in tmin was directly correlated with the rate of relaxation at the time of restimulation and was inversely related to tension throughout most of the phase of relaxation. The results are discussed in relation to excitation contraction coupling and it is shown that the tension minima did not collectively represent the time course of activation of the sarcomere. PMID- 7312558 TI - Activity-dependent changes of slow inward current in ventricular heart muscle. AB - 1. The relationships between membrane voltage, contractile force and slow inward current were studied in cat and dog papillary muscles or trabeculae employing the double sucrose gap voltage clamp technique. The experiments were performed at 30 degrees C and the preparations were stimulated at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. 2. The known relationships between steady state contractile force, slow inward current and membrane voltage were confirmed. 3. Under non-steady state conditions the slow inward current decreases during ascending and increases during descending contraction staircases when the clamp steps of the test train exceed about 60 mV from resting level. Depolarization clamp steps below 60 mV produce parallel changes of the slow inward current and contractile force. Those clamp conditions which increase the contractile force shift the threshold of Isi and of contraction towards more negative values. 4. During ascending staircases an increasing background outward current was regularly observed together with diminishing slow inward current. 5. The reported current transients agree with the changes of action potential configuration during mechanical transients: the prolongation of plateau during descending staircases corresponds to an increase, and the shortening of action potential during late repolarization corresponds to a decrease of slow inward current in the respective voltage ranges. 6. The slow inward current was tentatively separated into two components. The main component is inversely proportional to contractile force and it exhibits the well known current-voltage relationship for this current. The other one is directly proportional to contractile force and may be related to a regenerative response of reticular membranes. PMID- 7312560 TI - Central hypoxic-hypercapnic interaction in mild hypoxia in man. AB - Hypoxic-hypercapnic interaction in mild hypoxia was studied in 12 healthy males. Steady state ventilatory responses to hypercapnic-hypoxia [delta V(s)] were obtained as the difference in ventilation between hypoxia (mean values +/- S.D. of PETO2 = 7.36 +/- 0.20 kPa or of PaO2 7.10 +/- 0.41 kPa) and hyperoxia (PETO2 greater than 26.7 kPa) with the same degree of hypercapnia (PETCO2 6.12 +/- 0.22 kPa). On the other hand, withdrawal responses [delta V(w)] were obtained as the magnitude of depression in ventilation caused by two breaths of O2 from the above mentioned hypoxic hypercapnia. Averaged delta V(s) and delta V(w) were 9.57 +/- 5.45 and 6.45 +/- 4.90 l/min, respectively, the difference being statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Furthermore, if we assume the presence of ventilatory depression to be due to tissue PCO2 fall resulting from an increase in cerebral blood flow caused by hypoxia, the magnitude of central hypoxic hypercapnic interaction was estimated to be as great as the value of delta V(w). PMID- 7312561 TI - Influence of uranyl nitrate upon tubular reabsorption and glomerular filtration in blood perfused isolated dog kidneys. AB - The early changes in tubular reabsorption, glomerular filtration, blood flow and sodium excretion brought about by uranyl nitrate were investigated in isolated, blood-perfused dog kidneys during water diuresis. No significant changes in urine volume were observed; the decrease in fluid reabsorption was counterbalanced quantitatively by a reduction in glomerular filtration rate; only a small diminution of renal blood flow was found. The balance between reabsorption and filtration was observed as well when angiotensin action or prostaglandin synthesis were inhibited. The intrarenal venous pressure rose, suggesting that an increase in proximal intratubular hydrostatic pressure caused the decrease in filtration. Tubular back-leak of fluid, or back-diffusion, induced by the toxin, were excluded. The presence of natriuretic compounds in the urine was confirmed. PMID- 7312562 TI - Hydraulic permeability coefficient and sodium steady-state luminal concentration of the in vivo perfused rat distal colon. AB - The distal colon (rat) was perfused in vivo at low rates (1-2 ml/h). Dialyzed polyethyleneglycol 4,000 (PEG) was used to vary the luminal osmotic activity (pi eff). Perfusate sodium concentration of 3.7 mmol 1-1 +/- 0.9 (SD) resulted in an effluent Na+ of 3.3 mmol 1-1 +/- 1.4. Potassium concentrations of 15 or 25 mmol 1 1 remained unaltered. At this cationic steady-state, transmural net water flux (Jv) was linearly correlated (r = -0.96, n = 24) to the logarithm of pi eff. Jv was zero at 634 mosm 1-1. Lp (microliters h-1 cm-2 mosm-1 l) was 0.195 at pi eff 85 mosm 1-1 and 0.046 at 1,050 mosm 1-1. These data characterize the distal colon as an epithelium with high capacity for salt conservation. PMID- 7312563 TI - The dependence of onset and duration of sleep on th circadian rhythm of rectal temperature. AB - The sleep-wake cycle and the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature were recorded in subjects who lived singly in an isolation unit. In 10 subjects, the freerunning rhythms remained internally synchronized, 10 other subjects showed internal desynchronization. Times of onset and end of bedrest ("sleep") were determined in each cycle and referred to the phase of the temperature rhythm. In the synchronized subjects, onset of sleep occurred, on the average, 1.34 h before the minimum of temperature, and end of sleep 6.94 h thereafter, with narrow distributions. The desynchronized subjects had a broad bimodal distribution of sleep onsets (peaks 6.3 and 1.3 h before the minimum); the duration of sleep varied between more than 15 h when sleep began about 10 h before the temperature minimum, and less than 4 h when sleep began several hours after the minimum. The dependence of sleep duration on body temperature is interpreted as a continuing action of the coupling forces between the two rhythms after mutual synchronization is lost. PMID- 7312564 TI - Effect of exercise on amino acid incorporation into myocardial contractile proteins. AB - Amino acid incorporation into myocardial protein was studied in rats after an acute bout of exhaustive swimming. Hearts were removed at exhaustion, 1, 2, or 4 h of recovery and amino acid incorporation measured using [3H] phenylalanine in an isolated perfused heart preparation. Amino acid incorporation into total tissue protein was reduced 30% at exhaustion but returned to normal by 1 h of recovery and showed no further change 4 h post exercise. In the myofibrillar fraction amino acid incorporation decreased slightly after exhaustive exercise but was stimulated by 57% following 2 h recovery. Myosin, electrophoretically fractionated showed an 84% stimulation in phenylalanine incorporation at exhaustion and 112% increase 2 h post exercise. Amino acid incorporation into myosin light chains (LC1 and LC2) accounted for most of the increased rate of synthesis. These data suggest that there was a preferential increase in myocardial protein synthesis following exercise which was associated with the myosin light chain components of the contractile proteins. PMID- 7312565 TI - Arterial pressure, cardiac output and exercise hyperemia in chemically sympathectomized rats. AB - This study showed that arterial blood pressure of chemically sympathectomized rats (SR) was decreased, whereas heart rate was increased relative to controls. The cardiac output in SR was higher than that in intact animals (by 36% under urethane anaesthesia and by 80% without anaesthesia). The total peripheral resistance of SR was 1.7 times less than normal, although the magnitude of the structural component of resistance was increased. The half-time clearance of 133Xe from skeletal muscle during motor nerve stimulation was greater in SR than in intact rats by a factor of 2. It is concluded that the number of small resistance vessels in SR is low, while the lumen of individual vessels is greater than in controls, thus giving rise to an insufficient "vasodilator reserve". PMID- 7312566 TI - Influence of cold adaptation on the activity of thermoresponsive neurons in thalamus and midbrain of the rat. AB - A group of 25 rats was adapted to cold by housing for five weeks at +3 degrees C. Using thermal stimuli of the scrotal skin, 53 recordings of warm-responsive thalamic and midbrain neurons were analyzed and compared with 84 control recordings from non-adapted rats. The activity of the analyzed neurons is characterized by a steep increase of firing rate above a certain temperature threshold zone. Between scrotal skin temperatures of 36 degrees and 38 degrees C the percentage of neurons with firing rates above the basal rate is higher, both in the thalamic and midbrain population of the cold adapted rats. It is concluded that after cold-adaptation the increase of firing rate starts on average at a lower temperature. The results are discussed in the context of findings of other authors on peripheral structures and on effector behaviour. PMID- 7312567 TI - Slow synaptic potentials in AH-type myenteric plexus neurons. AB - Two types of slow depolarization were recorded in AH-type guinea pig myenteric plexus neurons when the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation was stimulated transmurally with external electrodes. One depolarization was associated with a fall and the other with a rise in membrane resistance, the latter type (slow EPSP) being encountered about six times more commonly than the former. In some instances both types of potential were recorded in the same AH neuron. When this occurred the amplitude and duration of the slow EPSP was attenuated if it was timed to occur at about the same time as the other slow synaptic potential. PMID- 7312568 TI - Influence of osmotic compression on calcium activation and tension in skinned muscle fibers of the rabbit. AB - Single skinned muscle fibers were osmotically compressed back to and below their in situ size by addition of a large, random-coil polymer (Deytran T500; MN = 180,000; MW = 461,000) to the bathing medium. Maximal Ca2+-activated tension in fibers swollen (zero Dextran, fiber width 21% above in situ) or near in situ size (5% Dextran, in g/100 ml final solution) was similar, but compression to 86% of in situ width with 10% Dextran decreased maximal force by 15% relative to polymer free control. While the relative tension-pCa relation in 0 and 10% Dextran was similar, with a pCa of 6.37 required for 50% activation, that in 5% Dextran was more sensitive to Ca2+, with a pCa50 of 6.66. We feel these effects are most likely due to changes in interfilament spacing with compression and that alterations in Ca2+-sensitivity might be explained by changes in cross-bridge angle or in the concomitant attachment-detachment rate constants which would be expected to influence the troponin-Ca2+ binding equilibrium, as has been proposed by others. PMID- 7312569 TI - Glycogen metabolism and the function of fast and slow muscles of the rat. AB - Changes in glycogen metabolism with function have been explored in a fast (the extensor digitorum longus, EDL) and in a slow (the soleus, S) muscle of rat. The rate of glucose incorporation is not related to the glycogen levels. In the S glycogen levels are lower and glucose incorporation is higher than in EDL and differences almost disappear after denervation and increase with exercise. In the S, synthetic activities may be higher and glycogenolytic activities are lower than in the EDL. The levels are given of many substrates and cofactors which can affect glycogen enzymes "in vivo". On the whole, the data indicate that the rate of glycogen turnover can change dramatically with muscle function even at very light work load and may be higher in the so called oxidative than in the glycolytic muscles. PMID- 7312570 TI - Telemetry of several biological signals from behaving animals. AB - A telemetry device is described for recording ECG, EMG, EEG, multiple and single unit activity from central nervous system. It implies the use of a FET input operational amplifier and an FM oscillator. It can be used with different electrodes and in many animal species when behavioral studies and completely unrestrained subjects are requested. PMID- 7312571 TI - Linearity and frequency response of Fleisch type pneumotachometers. AB - Some aspects of the linearity and the frequency response of flow measurement with Fleisch type pneumotachometers are considered. The transition from a uniform velocity distribution at the entrance of the capillary tubes of the transducer to a fully developed flow profile is discussed as one of the phenomena influencing the linearity of the set-up. Besides, an expression is derived for the frequency response of the Fleisch pneumotachometer. The frequency responses as derived from measurements show good agreement with theory. In the range of the lower frequencies the frequency response of the flow measuring set-up is proved to be largely determined by the frequency response of the pressure transducer with the connecting tubes. A simple way is indicated to measure the latter. This, in combination with the calculated frequency response of the flow transducer, makes it fairly easy to determine the frequency response characteristics of a flow measuring set-up containing a Fleisch type pneumotachometer. PMID- 7312573 TI - [Classification, examination methods and treatment possibilities in urinary incontinence]. PMID- 7312572 TI - [Urinary incontinence--a widespread medical problem]. PMID- 7312574 TI - [Urinary incontinence in males]. PMID- 7312575 TI - [Urinary incontinence in females]. AB - Urinary incontinence arises because of a disproportion between the bladder pressure and the urethral closure pressure. A programme of investigation is proposed. Emphasize is on a careful history taking supplemented with cystometry, colpocysto-urethrography, and urodynamic examination. The treatment is described depending on type and severity of incontinence. PMID- 7312576 TI - [Urinary incontinence in children]. PMID- 7312578 TI - [Neurotic dizziness and activity phobia]. PMID- 7312577 TI - [Aids in urinary incontinence]. AB - A broad variety of incontinence aids should be available as the needs of the individual patient are different. The various major types of aids are described. The correct choice of aids for any patient depends on a combination of factors: aid, patient factors, and environment. Thorough knowledge of the various aids, their use, advantages, and limitations is needed. A well-organized aid distribution centre makes an acceptable cost/benefit balance possible. PMID- 7312580 TI - [Amnesty International's physicians' groups: more doctors are needed to fight torture. Interview by Eva Oldinger]. PMID- 7312579 TI - [Desk statistics]. PMID- 7312581 TI - [Physicians have special obligations to emphasize the medical consequences of atomic war]. PMID- 7312582 TI - [Ethics, research and beliefs]. PMID- 7312583 TI - Collection of blood, sedation and anaesthesia in mink. A haematological and clinical-chemical study. PMID- 7312584 TI - [Chronic carpal injuries in the horse. A survey (author's transl)]. AB - The objective of this study was to establish whether the carpal joints in horses are subject to development of arthrosis to a larger extent than previously assumed. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to clarify whether clinical diagnostical resources presently available are sufficient for accurate evaluation of the status in carpus. The present results show that an analysis of the synovia fluid is of little value in case of chronica arthrosis in carpus. Histilogical examination of the synovia membrane has been of limited value in this cases as it has not been possible to arrive at a definite conclusion from the histological changes as to degree or duration of the complaint. It was found definite discrepancies between the established radiological changes in the joints and what could be proved from dissection. PMID- 7312585 TI - D(+)-xylose absorption test in the horse. A clinical study. AB - 25 horses were subjected to the D(+)-xylose absorption test. 1 gram of D(+) xylose/kg bw. was administered orally. Based upon the shape of the absorption curves the 25 patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 11 patients with a normal absorption curve (Figure 3) Group 2 5 patients with a flat absorption curve (Figure 4) Group 3 3 patients with a flat absorption curve (Figure 5) Group 4 7 patients with an intermediary type of absorption curve (Figure 6). Administration of sodium chloride in equimolar concentrations did not improve the absorption of D(+)-xylose. 73 per cent of the horses with actual or recent signs of gastrointestinal disease revealed a decreased absorption of D(+)-xylose. It is concluded that the test is valuable in the evaluation of intestinal function in the horse. PMID- 7312586 TI - A study of skin diseases in dogs and cat. VII. Ringworm infection. AB - During 1973 through 1979 a total of 774 specimens from dogs and 227 specimens from cats were submitted for examination for ringworm infection. Ninety-six (12.4%) of the samples from dogs and 66 (29.1%) of the samples from cats were positive by culture (Tables I and II). Microsporum canis accounted for all infections in cats and for 95.8% of the infections in dogs. Four dogs (4.2%) were infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Three fourths of the infections with M. canis were diagnosed during August through January (Fig. 1). Ringworm infections can be diagnosed by direct microscopy of hair and scrapings. Wood's lamp examination, skin biopsy, and culture. Of these, the latter method is the most reliable. PMID- 7312587 TI - Instrumental recovery of bovine eggs. AB - The basis for a more general and practicable application of egg transplantation in the livestock industry is the development of a reliable instrumental (non surgical) technique for recovery and transfer of eggs. Since the beginning of 1976 an instrument and technique developed by the author for instrumental recovery of bovine six to eight days old eggs has been applied under Danish farm conditions in cows as well as in heifers. After experimental testing of several possible systems an instrument was constructed which principially differed from existing devices by enclosing a balloon catheter in a metal tube in order to facilitate a safe insertion of the instrument through the cervical canal of the donor animal. This was considered important for the practical application of the technique under farm conditions and also for the introduction of future operators to this technique. Next a safe flushing system which would allow the same intake of flushing medium to be recovered without damaging the endometrium was considered essential, and accomplished by stabilizing the tip of the catheter with a stylet and coil spring before the insertion. Field experience with the instrument has shown that instrumental recovery of bovine eggs by using this technique can be accomplished on the farms themselves without causing any difficulties in donor animals following flushing for eggs. PMID- 7312588 TI - Sperm distribution within the genital tract of naturally inseminated gilts. AB - Twelve gifts were naturally inseminated by one of two fertile boars. The semen backflow collected during mating and during the subsequent two hours contained a mean number of 23 billion spermatozoa. The gilts were slaughtered at 2, 6 and 12 hours after mating. The numbers of spermatozoa were counted in the uterus, uterotubal junction and in four equally long segments of the oviduct. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the uterus diminished significantly during the first 12 hours after mating. The numbers of spermatozoa recovered in the UTJ did not vary significantly with the time factor. No relationship was found between ovarian activity and numbers of spermatozoa recovered from the ipsilateral uterine horn. The statistical comparison of the numbers of spermatozoa within oviductal segments in respect to time revealed no significant differences. PMID- 7312589 TI - [Efficacy of mebendazole on Elaphostrongylus rangiferi in reindeer (author's transl)]. AB - Elaphostrongylus rangiferi is a very common parasite in Scandinavian reindeer, causing losses due to cerebral nematodiasis and granulomatous parasitic pneumonias and also causing a discard of parts of the carcass at meat inspection. In limited experiments, the efficacy of mebendazole on E. rangiferi has been tested. It was found that daily treatment during a period of 10 days with 6 mg/kg body weight, given as medicated feed, resulted in a decreased fecal larval count at the 10th day and a total cessation of excretion of larvae at the 43rd day, indicating a good anthelmintic effect of mebendazole on E. rangiferi. Single dose treatment with 40 mg/kg body weight was not adequate against E. rangiferi. This dose level, however, completely eliminated excretion of gastrointestinal parasite eggs, as did the 10 day treatment with 6 mg/kg body weight of mebendazole. This dose is double that of the recommended dose for wild ruminants and the need of higher dose is discussed to be due to the dominance of older females of the flock, giving less access to the food for the low-ranked animals. Long-time treatment of reindeer, comparable to the method used, is possible during periods of supplementary feeding during spring-time and then not interfering with the normal management. Deworming will then also intervene with the peak of larvae excretion. Thus it seems possible to considerably decrease the number of larvae on the pastures. PMID- 7312590 TI - [Fasting urinary excretion of calcium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline in relation to creatinine. Normal values and correlations with 24-hour urine values (author's transl)]. AB - The ratios to creatinine of calcium (Ca/Cr), phosphorus (P/Cr) and hydroxyproline (HOP/Cr) were determined in samples of urine collected during a 2-hour period in fasting subjects. Normal values (mean +/- s.d.) of Ca/Cr (0.134 +/- 0.067), P/Cr (0.048 +/- 0.15) and HOP/Cr (0,017 +/- 0,007) obtained in 50 healthy subjects were in agreement with those previously reported by Nordin. The 2-hour urine collection is technically simpler than the conventional 24-hour urine collection, does not expose to the errors inherent in minuted urine collection and provides more information on bone diseases. PMID- 7312591 TI - [Clinical symptoms and anatomical locations in primary haemorrhages of the basal ganglia. A neuropathological study of 64 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The signs, symptoms and courses of 64 cases of "primary" haematoma of the basal ganglia have been retrospectively studied, and the main clinical data have been analyzed in relation to the location and extent of the bleeding. Onset with hemiplegia, accompanied or not by impaired consciousness, was more frequent with intermediate and lateral haematomas than with medial haematomas (p less than 0.001). Among patients with initial hemiplegia, impaired consciousness was more frequent with intermediate and medial haematomas than with lateral haematomas (p less than 0.005). At a later stage, patients with intermediate and lateral haematomas more often went into deep coma than those with medial haematomas (p less than 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the three anatomical groups with regard to frequency of other signs and symptoms or duration of the disease before death occurred. PMID- 7312592 TI - [Behcet's disease with pulmonary artery aneurysms. 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312593 TI - [Surgical approach to the ulnar coronoid process by the postero-medial route (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312594 TI - [Amodiaquine-induced agranulocytosis]. PMID- 7312595 TI - [Hodgkin's disease. Apropos of a case with cerebral localization]. PMID- 7312596 TI - [Sex of the first child as a prognostic factor in cervix neoplasms]. PMID- 7312597 TI - [Acute ergotism caused by the interaction of erythromycin propionate and dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 7312598 TI - [Puerperal psychosis and adoption psychosis. Psychosis of desire?]. PMID- 7312599 TI - [A tussigenic form of Horton's disease]. PMID- 7312600 TI - [Replantation of a free lip shred following a human bite]. PMID- 7312602 TI - [Early diagnosis of cancer of the prostate]. PMID- 7312601 TI - [Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis during acute articular rheumatism]. PMID- 7312603 TI - [Echocardiographic measurement of true left ventricular inotropism in patients under haemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - M-mode echocardiography was performed 18 to 22 hours after a haemodialysis session in 16 patients under chronic dialysis. The patients (12 men and 4 women, mean age 21 years, haematocrit 24 +/- 5%) were normotensive and had no clinical or radiological sign of heart failure. Patients with renal hypertension, diabetes or amyloidosis had been excluded from the study. Eight healthy subjects of similar age, heart rate and blood pressure were used as controls. In all 24 individuals the following parameters were calculated: end diastolic time diameter index (DTDI), end systolic time diameter index (STDI), ejection time (ET), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) and ejection fraction (EF). DTDI was greater in haemodialyzed patients (31 +/- 2 mm/m2) than in controls, but STDI and ET were the same in both groups. This would explain the increase of VCF (1.68 +/- 0.1 c/sec) and EF (0.78 +/- 0.05) observed in dialyzed patients. After compression of the fistula for 3 min the differences disappeared. These results suggest that the echocardiographic measurements listed above give a better idea of the true contractile state of the left ventricle in haemodialyzed patients, disregarding load changes due to the fistula, to anaemia and to intermittent volume expansion. PMID- 7312604 TI - [Testing a cellulose diacetate membrane for plasma exchange (author's transl)]. AB - A cellulose diacetate membrane was tested in 60 plasma exchanges (PE) carried out in 16 patients. Access to the vascular compartment was obtained through one single puncture by inserting a catheter into the femoral vein, the blood circuit being provided with an alternating clamp. The exchange of 2 plasma volumes (72.3 +/- 16 ml/kg) reduced IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations to 30.9 +/- 12.1%, 31.6 +/- 14.5% and 28.3 %/- 15.0% respectively of pre-PE concentrations. Similarly, the C3 and C4 complement fractions and factor B were reduced to 32 +/- 12%, 33 +/- 15% and 36 +/- 16% respectively of pre-PE values. The membrane was used several times in 7 patients; its performance remained the same after 3 consecutive uses. In view of its effectiveness and ease of application, the cellulose diacetate membrane appears to be particularly suitable for plasma exchanges in intensive care units. PMID- 7312605 TI - [Spontaneous abortion after intra-uterine transfer of an ovum fecundated in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous expulsion of a human ovum fecundated in vitro and transferred into the uterus occurred after 10 1/2 weeks of amenorrhoea. The oocyte had been collected after stimulation by human menopausal and chorionic gonadotrophins (hMG and hCG). The techniques of pre-ovulatory oocyte collection, fecundation, in vitro culture and of reimplantation of the embryo are briefly described. PMID- 7312606 TI - [First-line exploration: fiberoptic gastroscopy or barium meal? A pragmatic evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of the initial upper GI tract exploration upon the accuracy and cost of diagnosis was evaluated in 103 in- and out-patients of a hepato gastroenterology unit. The patients were divided at random into two groups of comparable number, age, sex and clinical findings. One group was first examined by fiberoptic gastroscopy and the other by barium meal. In patients whose first examination was by endoscopy a second examination was less frequently needed (3/53 versus 14/50; p less than 0.01), significant lesions (e.g. oesophagitis, oesophageal varices, gastroduodenal losses of substance or tumours) were more often diagnosed (22/53 versus 11/50; p less than 0.05) and the time required for a diagnosis to be made was shorter (mean 7 +/- 6 days versus 14 +/- 16 days; p less than 0.01), even when only one examination was performed (7 +/- 6 days versus 12 +/- 15 days; p less than 0.05), than in patients first examined by barium meal. It is concluded that fiberoptic gastroscopy should be the initial method of exploration of the upper GI tract. PMID- 7312607 TI - [Seizures due to lithium intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - Lithium intoxication may present as seizures, which have been observed when plasma lithium concentrations were decreasing. The neurotoxic effect of lithium could be due to a rise in intra-/extra-cellular lithium ratio. Intracellular retention of lithium reflected in rapid fall of plasma concentrations during treatment would modify cell membrane properties and increase neuronal excitability. Such a mechanism would explain the occurrence of seizures despite therapeutic plasma lithium concentrations. PMID- 7312609 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava disclosed by a febrile syndrome]. PMID- 7312608 TI - [Osteosis deformans of thyroid origin. Radiological, histomorphometric and pathophysiological study (author's transl)]. AB - A 73-year-old woman with severe, old standing thyrotoxicosis developed osteosis with deformities of the lower limbs and spine resembling osteomalacia. All the well-known radiological, and histomorphometric features of thyroid osteosis were caricaturally present in this patient who, in addition, exhibited curvatures of the lower limbs that are exceptionally described in hyperthyroidism. A study of standard phosphorus/calcium values, 25 OH D values, circulating parathyroid hormone levels and fractional absorption of 47Ca before and after thyroidectomy enables the authors to discuss the current pathophysiological concepts concerning phosphorus/calcium and bone metabolism in hyperthyroid conditions. A possible action of thyroid hormones on vitamin D metabolism or peripheral effects is envisaged. PMID- 7312610 TI - [Acute poisoning by buflomedil]. PMID- 7312611 TI - [Bone marrow aplasia induced by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Evidence of an allergic mechanism]. PMID- 7312612 TI - Resistance to therapy of acute leukemia developing in the course of polycythemia vera. AB - Thirteen patients in whom acute leukemia developed in the course of polycythemia vera were initially treated with vincristine and prednisone in an attempt at remission induction. None responded, and four died during this initial course of therapy. Induction was then attempted in the nine survivors, using cytosine arabinoside and adriamycin. Only one complete remission of 38 weeks and one partial remission were achieved, while median survival was 32 days. Poor results may reflect both the intrinsic biologic properties of the acute leukemia occurring in this setting and the advanced age of the patients. PMID- 7312614 TI - [Lupus anticoagulant screening: comparison of 5 tests (author's transl)]. AB - Five tests were carried out on 15 lupus anticoagulant plasmas: activated partial thromboplastin time with a commercial reagent (APTT); kaolin partial thromboplastin time with a human brain extract (KPTT-H); tissue thromboplastin inhibition test (TTI); Russell's viper venom time without phospholipid (RVVT); assay of phospholipid-related procoagulant activity (PPA). One of our criteria for diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant was a prolonged APTT; hence this test was abnormal in all 15 plasmas. An abnormal TTI was observed for the 15 lupus anticoagulants while PTT-H was abnormal in only 13 cases, RVVT in 11 cases and PPA assay in 12 cases. In another study evaluating the specificity of TTI and PPA assay, the TTI appeared to be influenced by factor II, V, VII, and X deficiencies, but not by factor VIII: C, IX, XI, and XII deficiencies, or by anti factor VIII: C anticoagulants. Furthermore, the TTI displayed a weak sensitivity to heparin. On the other hand, the PPA assay was influenced by anti-factor VIII: C anticoagulants of high potency and was found to be more sensitive to heparin than the TTI. Our overall results emphasize the value of TTI as a screening test for the lupus anticoagulant. PMID- 7312613 TI - Globin chain synthesis analysis in obligate beta 0-thalassemia heterozygotes with isolated increase of hemoglobin A2 levels. AB - Globin chain synthesis analysis was carried out in 14 obligate beta 0-thalassemia heterozygotes, i.e., parents of children with thalassemia major or intermedia due to homozygous beta 0-thalassemia, with almost normal red blood cell indices and isolated increase of Hb A2 levels. alpha/beta globin chain synthesis ratios were almost balanced or slightly reduced (0.62-1.30). This finding suggests that these heterozygotes carry both alpha- and beta-thalassemia genes. However, alpha-globin structural gene mapping by restriction enzyme analysis must be carried out to confirm this explanation. PMID- 7312615 TI - [Pure red cell aplasia and chronic leukemia. Usefulness of ferrokinetic measurements (author's transl)]. AB - Erythroblastopenia is probably not rare in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but the diagnosis could be difficult. It produces a severe and rapidly developing anemia, without evidence of hemolysis. The chief differential diagnosis is the common bone marrow insufficiency of end-stage CLL. Iron kinetics measurements are typical, showing a total erythropoietic insufficiency, and a red cell utilization of radio-iron that is practically zero. Erythroblastopenia could be cured with corticosteroid or sometimes with immunosuppressive treatment. PMID- 7312616 TI - [Myelofibrosis in acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Histological changes in bone marrow reticulin were studied in 68 patients with adult acute leukaemia. Biopsies were performed on diagnosis and during the subsequent course of the disease. Marrow fibrosis was seen in 40% of the patients, with no predilection for morphological type of leukaemia. In most cases fibrosis was mild-to-moderate, diffuse, of the reticulin type and showing a fine regular fibre network. Pronounced fibrosis with signs of collagenization was rare. Complete regression of marrow fibrosis coincided with complete remission, and reappearance of fibrosis with relapse. The clinical and haematological course of acute leukaemia is not affected by marrow fibrosis, with the exception of more frequent bone pain and dry taps. Complete remission rate, remission induction time and mean survival time show little difference between patients with and without marrow fibrosis. PMID- 7312617 TI - [Myeloma and hypereosinophilic leukemoid reaction (author's transl)]. AB - In a 56-year-old man with a myeloma marked eosinophilia was discovered. The diagnosis of myeloma was made on the discovery of plasmocyte infiltration in the mandible. Despite surgery and chemotherapy, general bone infiltration by plasma cells occurred over 15 months. The leukocyte count rose to 226,000/mm3 with 162,720 mature eosinophils. Pathogenic problems suggested by such an unusual association (myeloma-eosinophilic leukemoid reaction) are considered. PMID- 7312618 TI - [Mixed nodular lymphoma in association with a C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312619 TI - The nucleotide sequence of the intergenic region between the 5.8S and 26S rRNA genes of the yeast ribosomal RNA operon. Possible implications for the interaction between 5.8S and 26S rRNA and the processing of the primary transcript. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequence of part of a cloned yeast ribosomal RNA operon extending from the 5.8S RNA gene downstream into the 5' -terminal region of the 26S RNA gene. We mapped the pertinent processing sites, viz. the 5' end of 26S rRNA and the 3'ends of 5.8S rRNA and its immediate precursor, 7S RNA. At the 3' end of 7S RNA we find the sequence UCGUUU which is very similar to the type I consensus sequence UCAUUA/U present at the 3' ends of 17S, 5.8S and 26S rRNA as well as 18S precursor rRNA in yeast. At the 5' end of the 26S RNA gene we find a sequence of thirteen nucleotides which is homologous to the type II sequence present at the 5' termini of both the 17S and the 5.8S RNA gene. These findings further support the suggestion put forward earlier (G.M. Veldman et al. (1980) Nucl. Acids Res. 8, 2907-2920) that both consensus sequences are involved in the recognition of precursor rRNA by the processing nuclease(s). We discuss a model for the processing of yeast rRNA in which a processing enzyme sequentially recognizes several combinations of a type I and a type II consensus sequence. We also describe the existence of a significant base complementarity between sequences in the 5' -terminal region of 26S rRNA and the 3' -terminal region of 5.8S rRNA. We suggest that base pairing between these sequences contributes to the binding between 5.8S and 26S rRNA. PMID- 7312620 TI - Conformation of DNA in chromatin reconstituted from poly [d(A-T)] and the core histones. AB - Present results provide direct evidence of the nature of a conformational change in DNA when nucleosomes are formed from core histones and poly [d(A-T)]. First, we have found some features which have characteristic aspects of the A like conformation of DNA. Thus, an increased contribution due to a sugar conformation close to C3'-endo puckering is detected in the Raman spectra. In addition, the circular dichroism (C.D.) spectra of reconstituted chromatin with poly [d(A-T)] exhibits an increases intensity at about 262 nm. A second feature acquired by poly [d(A-T)] in nucleosome formation from core histones is related to the presence of a negative band at about 280 nm in the C.D.spectra. The nature of this change is correlated with a DNA conformation characterized by a decreased number of base pairs per turn (28,29). This indicates that these two features of reconstituted nucleosomes reflect the presence of two types of DNA conformations, which overall form is of the B type (22,36). PMID- 7312621 TI - Sequence and secondary structure of the colicin fragment of Bacillus stearothermophilus 16S ribosomal RNA. AB - The sequence and the position of post-transcriptionally modified residues of the 3' -terminal end of Bacillus stearothermophilus 16S ribosomal RNA have been determined from the fragment that is cleaved off by bacteriocin treatment. The fragment contains 52 nucleotides, as compared to the 49 nucleotides of the corresponding fragment from E. coli ribosomes, The additional nucleotides are present in the sequence UCU very next to the 3' -terminus as was published earlier (1). The remainder of the sequence is identical to the one of E. coli except at six positions, due to the UV melting properties of the colicin fragment from B. stearothermophilus in comparison to the same fragment of E. coli show that the RNA from the thermophile has a more stable secondary structure. PMID- 7312622 TI - Multiple ribosomal RNA cleavage pathways in mammalian cells. AB - The sequence content of mouse L cell pre-rRNA was examined by RNA gel transfer and blot hybridization. Nuclear RNAs were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to diazo-paper, and hybridized to twelve different restriction fragments that are complementary to various sections of 45S pre-rRNA. An abundant new 34S pre-rRNA and less abundant new 37S, 26S and 17S pre-rRNAs were detected. The presence of these new pre-rRNAs suggests the existence of at least two new pre-rRNA cleavage pathways. 34S and 26S pre-rRNAs were also detected in HeLa cells suggesting that these new cleavage pathways are characteristic of mammalian cells. Further, an abundant new 12S precursor to 5.8S rRNA was also detected and is common to all the proposed cleavage pathways. The previously identified 45S, 41S, 32S and 20S pre-rRNAs were readily detected and their general structure confirmed. The 20S pre-rRNA is characteristic of the known pathway used by HeLa and other cells, and its presence suggests that growing mouse L cells use this pre-rRNA cleavage pathway. The 36S pre-rRNA characteristic of the previously described mouse L cell cleavage pathway was not detected. In all these cleavage pathways pre-rRNA cleavage sites are apparently identical and occur at or near the termini of the mature 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA sequences. The pathways differ only in the temporal order of cleavage at these sites. The position of the 5.8S rRNA sequence was located within the internal transcribed spacer. The known and conserved sequence of 5.8S rRNA from several organisms predicts a characteristic pattern of restriction enzyme sites for 5.8S rDNA. Internal transcribed spacer rDNA was mapped with restriction enzymes, and the characteristic pattern was found near the midpoint of the internal transcribed spacer. This places the 5.8S rRNA sequence at or near the 5' terminus of 32S pre-rRNA. PMID- 7312623 TI - Identification and suppression of secondary structures formed from deoxy oligonucleotides during electrophoresis in denaturing polyacrylamide-gels. AB - Nature and stability of secondary structures formed from DNA-fragments during electrophoresis in urea containing polyacrylamide-gels were investigated. Duplices and especially hairpin loops were found to be surprisingly stable. Polyacrylamide-gels containing high concentrations of formamide effectively melt these structures. Such gels will improve nucleotide sequence analysis in regions of dyad symmetry that often cause 'band compressions' under standard electrophoresis conditions. PMID- 7312624 TI - Duplication/deletion polymorphism 5' - to the human beta globin gene. AB - DNA sequence analysis of the human beta globin locus has identified an array of simple tandem repeated sequences upstream from the beta globin structural gene. Comparison of several cloned human beta globin alleles demonstrated a high frequency of sequence heteromorphism at this site apparently due to duplication or deletion of single units of the repeat array. At least two such duplication/deletion events are necessary to account for the observed variation. No other sequence variation was observed, suggesting that duplication/deletion events within the tandem repeat array may be at least 13 to 14 times more frequent than nucleotide substitutions in the surrounding DNA. PMID- 7312625 TI - Only a small fraction of avian erythrocyte histone is involved in ongoing acetylation. AB - We have studied histone acetylation in chicken erythrocytes. We find that about 30% of the histone in these cells is acetylated, however the majority of these histones are not in a dynamic steady state typical of other chicken cells and of mammalian cells, but rather are frozen in this state of modification. A very small fraction of erythrocyte histones are being modified normally but cannot be detected as shifting to higher levels of acetylation upon treatment with butyrate because the amount of histone so modified is small. Nonetheless, chicken erythrocytes incorporate 3H-acetate into histones about 40% as well as seen in the dynamically active HTC cells. This is most likely due to the formation of very high specific activity Acetyl CoA pools in erythrocytes which have very low levels of coenzyme A. We conclude that these genetically inactive cells are involved in only a minor way with histone acetylation. PMID- 7312626 TI - The sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA of the crustacean Artemia salina. AB - The primary structure of the 5 S rRNA isolated from the cryptobiotic cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia salina is pACCAACGGCCAUACCACGUUGAAAGUACCCAGUCUCGUCAGAUCCUGGAAGUCACACAACGUCGGGCCCGGUCAGUACUU GAUGGGUGACCGCCUGGGAACACCGGGUGCUGUUGGCAU (OH). PMID- 7312627 TI - Structural differences in the chromatin from compartmentalized cells of the sea urchin embryo: differential nuclease accessibility of micromere chromatin. AB - The chromatin structure of three cell types isolated from the 16-cell stage sea urchin embryo has been probed with micrococcal nuclease. In micromeres, the four small cells at the vegetal pole, the chromatin is found to be considerably more resistant to degradation by micrococcal nuclease than chromatin in the larger mesomere and macromere cells which undergo more cellular divisions and are committed to different developmental fates. The micromeres show an order of magnitude decrease in the initial digestion rate and a limit digest value which is one third that of the larger blastomeres; both observations are suggestive of the formation of a more condensed chromatin structure during the process of commitment, or as the rate of cell division decreases. The decreased sensitivity to nuclease for micromeres is similar to results reported for sperm and larval stages of development. PMID- 7312628 TI - Histone gene number in relation to C-value in amphibians. AB - We have compared the number of copies of sequences complementary to a cloned Xenopus histone H4 coding sequence in the genomes of Xenopus, Triturus and Ambystoma, amphibian species with widely different C-values (3, 23 and 38pg DNA/haploid genome respectively). Quantitative autoradiography indicates that H4 sequence constitute a greater proportion of the genome the larger that genome is. Measurement of the absolute copy-number by reassociation kinetic analysis indicated 47 +/- 10, 636 +/- 21 2685 +/- 349 copies per haploid genome each in Xenopus, Triturus and Ambystoma respectively. Whilst this confirms a trend of increasing copy-number with increasing C-value, the two are not directly proportional and some other factors must contribute to determining the number of copies of these genes. PMID- 7312629 TI - The structural organization of dinucleosomes and oligonucleosomes. Electric dichroism and birefringence study. AB - The spatial organization of nucleosomes and linker DNA in dinucleosomes and oligonucleosomes of various chain lengths has been investigated through electric dichroism, birefringence and relaxation times measurements at low ionic strengths (0.5 to 2.2 mM). From the negative dichroism observed for all the samples, it is concluded that the nucleosome subunits in the oligonucleosome chain must lie with their disc planes closely parallel to the fibre axis. The large increase of the negative dichroism of dinucleosomes upon Hl removal is interpreted by the unwinding of the DNA tails and the internucleosomal segment. All the samples displayed, under bipolar pulses, a predominantly induced orientation mechanism. PMID- 7312630 TI - Partitioning of zinc and copper within subnuclear nucleoprotein particles. AB - Nuclei from frozen calf thymus suspended in buffer were analyzed for metal content prior to and after repeated washing. After three such extractions about 0.1 micrograms Zn/mg DNA and 0.025 micrograms Cu/mg DNA remained tightly associated with chromatin. This level of metal was essentially unchanged with subsequent washings. Digestion of extracted nuclei with micrococcal nuclease yielded soluble nucleoprotein containing zinc and copper. Metal enriched regions of chromatin appeared to be preferentially solubilized by digestion, and the solubilized metal was only partially dializable either with or without EDTA. Metal profiles generated from gel (A-5m) chromatography analysis of chelated and non-chelated solubilized chromatin were distinctive in that copper was undetectable (by flame AA) while zinc was associated only with low molecular weight products when EDTA was used. In contrast, both metals were detected with higher molecular weight oligonucleosomes in the absence of chelating agents. Additionally, the two metals localized within nucleoprotein peaks and these metal containing regions were only resolved by gel chromatography when EDTA was omitted throughout the procedure. A discrete Cu-rich species in a region of the profile suggests a subset of Cu-rich nucleoprotein complexes. PMID- 7312632 TI - Clustering and methylation of repeated DNA: persistence in avian development and evolution. AB - In the chicken genome, clusters of repeated DNA sequences occur which have alternate arrangements of the component sequence elements. Many of these clustered, repeated sequences are extensively methylated. We have established that both their arrangement and their methylation are invariant regardless of the source of chicken DNA. Comparisons included DNA from sperm, from a series of embryonic stages, from tissues of single adult individuals, and from thirty individual chickens of two strains. These same sequences are found in the DNA of some avian species related to chickens, and there they show the same clustered, methylated form. In related species, some of the arrangements found in chicken DNA are different or missing. PMID- 7312635 TI - Liver imaging and detection of liver metastases with 99mTc-HIDA. AB - 16 patients with a history or suspicion of malignant disease were investigated scintigraphically for liver metastases. Each patient was studied with 99mTc-HIDA and 99mTc-sulphur- or tin-colloid. In 4 patients liver metastases were suspected and confirmed by ultrasonography and/or computerized tomography. The filling defects were visible with 99mTc-colloids and 99mTc-HIDA as well. Likewise both radiopharmaceuticals coincided in their parenchymal activity patterns in the nonsuspicious livers. Because of this good agreement the morphologic aspect of basically functional 99mTc-HIDA examinations is emphasized. PMID- 7312634 TI - Is Tb3+ fluorescence enhancement only due to binding to single stranded polynucleotides. AB - Enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence upon binding to double-stranded ribo- and deoxyribo-duplexes was investigated. It was observed that certain double stranded ribopolynucleotides completely quenched the Tb3+ fluorescence and others did not. It is concluded that the nature of the base in the duplex is critical for this enhancement. - Polydeoxyduplexes also showed enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence, but much higher terbium concentrations were necessary to obtain similar fluorescence signals, indicative of unspecific effects. CD spectra evidence considerable conformational changes of these duplexes, in particular poly(dG-C) . poly(dG-C( which assumes the Z-form in 0.1 nM Tb3+. PMID- 7312633 TI - Synthesis of 4-triazolopyrimidinone nucleotide and its application in synthesis of 5-methylcytosine-containing oligodeoxyribonucleotides. AB - 5'-0-Dimethoxytritylthymidine (2) was phosphorylated and base-modified simultaneously to yield the 4-triazolopyrimidinone nucleotide (3). Coupling between (3) and other common deoxyribonucleotides gave a fully protected nonamer (4). Deblocking under different conditions yielded the nonamer as phosphodiester with concomitant conversion of 4-triazolopyrimidinone to 5-methylcytosine (aqueous ammonia) or thymine (N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-guanidinium syn-4 nitrobenzaldoximate solution). PMID- 7312631 TI - Histones H1 and H5: one or two molecules per nucleosome? AB - We have determined histone stoichiometries in nuclei from several sources by a direct chemical method, with the particular aim of quantitating histone H1 and, in chicken erythrocytes, H5, and of distinguishing between one and two molecules per nucleosome. The four histones H3, H4, H2A and H2B are found in equimolar amounts, as expected for the core histone octamer. The molar ratio of H1 in lymphocyte and glial nuclei is 1.0 per octamer, and in liver nuclei from three species 0.8 per octamer. These results suggest that each nucleosome has one H1 molecule; nucleosomes could acquire two molecules of H1 only at the expense of others containing none. The stoichiometry of H5 in chicken erythrocyte nuclei is similar to that of H1 in other nuclei, being about 0.9 molecules per nucleosome; the H1 also present in these nuclei amounts to 0.4 molecules per nucleosome. PMID- 7312637 TI - Quality control of dose calibrators. AB - Radionuclide dose calibrators are instruments that require regular checks and proper usage to ensure that they are operating correctly. The responsibility for the accuracy of the activity and the resultant estimate of the dose delivered to the patient rests with the persons administering the radiopharmaceutical. Hence, it is essential that accurate measurements of radioactivity be provided by the dose calibrator in use in every nuclear medicine department. The routine testing of the calibrator would ensure the user that the overall characteristics of the instrument are within acceptable limits. The quality control of two dose calibrators was carried out elaborately and their performance was evaluated from various aspects of quality control such as geometry effect, instrument linearity, precision test, instrument accuracy etc. It was found that one of the calibrators was having non-linear response resulting in an error of 18% from the decay predicted activity. It also showed a saturation effect beyond 310 mCi. Hence, it needed repair or recalibration. However, the other calibrator was working satisfactorily. This study also helped us in realizing certain operational pitfalls of the dose calibrators. PMID- 7312636 TI - [The ratio total body potassium total body water as a measure of the mean intracellular potassium concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312638 TI - Loss of thyroid hormones into feces in children on regular hemodialysis. AB - In 20 children on hemodialysis in vitro tests of thyroid function were made. Total T4, free T4, and total T3 were below the normal mean. The daily loss of T3 into feces was significantly higher in dialysis children than in healthy controls. The loss of T4 into feces was somewhat higher in dialysis children than in healthy controls. The amount of hormonal iodine loss into feces was calculated. It was significantly higher in children on hemodialysis than in controls. It is concluded that the loss of thyroid hormones into feces is the major cause of low serum thyroid hormone levels in children on hemodialysis. PMID- 7312639 TI - Inhibitory effects of 3'-modified UTP analogues on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II purified from cherry salmon (Onchorhynchus masou) liver. AB - Various 1-beta-D-xylofuranosyl-5-substituted uracil 5'-triphosphates were synthesized and their inhibitory effects on DNA-dependent RNA polymerase I and II, which were purified from cherry salmon (Onchorhynchus masou) liver, were examined. The results were as follows: 1) Xylo UTP and xylo TTP were strongly inhibited for both RNA polymerase I and II. 2) 5-Ethyl, 5-n-propyl and 5-n-butyl derivatives showed little inhibitory effect on RNA polymerase I while RNA polymerase II activity was strongly affected by these derivatives. 3) Four kinds of 5-halogenated derivatives including fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo substituent inhibited both RNA polymerase I and II in almost same extent. 4) The mode of inhibition was, in all cases, competitive with UTP. PMID- 7312640 TI - Action of DNA glycosylases on chromatin structure. AB - Nuclei of human lymphoblastoid cells NL3 incorporated dUMP into DNA in vitro. The rate and extent of this incorporation were less than those of dTMP, presumably due to the presence of dUTPase and uracil-DNA glycosylase in nuclear preparations. NL3 cell extracts released only about a half of the misincorporated uracil as free base from nuclei, their chromatin and chromatin reconstituted from dUMP-containing DNA and calf thymus chromosomal protein, though almost all uracil from reconstituted chromatin containing PBS1 phage DNA. The cell extracts also release 10-40% of 3-methyladenine from methylated nucleosome monomers and dimers, and chromatins reconstituted from methylated DNA and poly (dA . dT). The shorter molecule lost fewer 3-methyladenine. PMID- 7312641 TI - Chemical synthesis of 27-desamidosecretin gene by the polymer support method. AB - The polymer support method for the oligonucleotide synthesis has been developed and used for the chemical synthesis of a 27-desamidosecretin gene. The gene carrying Pst I recognition sites at both ends was built from 16 fragments and each of them was synthesized by a stepwise addition of protected nucleotides on a polymer support. The coupling yield of each step was almost 90% and after partial deblocking, oligonucleotides carrying trityl groups were purified by chromatography on a reverse phase column. The recombinant DNA containing this synthetic gene was expressed in bacterial cells. PMID- 7312642 TI - Human body fluid ribonucleases: detection, interrelationships and significance. AB - Study of the RNases of human body fluids has been facilitated by use of activity staining following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Commercial SDS preparations contain minor lipophilic contaminants (less than 0.1%) which interfere with enzyme renaturation and prevent activity staining unless gels are washed after electrophoresis in 25% isopropanol. Partial characterization of the RNases of serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is described, including evidence that the RNases comprising bands A-C of urine and 1-3 of CSF are glycoproteins. Evidence is presented that the major RNase activities of serum (RNases 1-5) and urine (band A) do not originate in pancreas, and that leukocytes are the source of band D RNase of urine, as well as of minor RNase activities of serum and CSF. Results are summarized suggesting that elevated plasma RNase levels may be of dubious utility in the diagnosis of most malignant diseases. Some elevated levels reported in the literature may reflect the advanced age of cancer patients, negative nitrogen balance, and other secondary effects of diseases, particularly kidney dysfunction. PMID- 7312643 TI - Hydrolysis of ATP in chemical models. AB - Hydrolysis of ATP was found to be accelerated by the addition of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). The high acceleration was observed in the concentration below rather than above the critical micell concentration of CTAC. The catalytic effect was observed at pH's 5 and 8, while not significantly at pH 3. PMID- 7312644 TI - Modelling decipherment of the genetic codes. AB - A pocket on the complex of four nucleotides (C4N), three anticodon bases and a discriminator base, has a lock and key relation to the corresponding amino acids. This relation can explain various general features of the universal and mitochondrian genetic codes, and therefore, could be the real molecular model of the genetic code. A beautiful matching among the amino acid- C4N complex, the hypermodified base next to the third anticodon base, and the ACC chain may be the good direct evidence for the existence of the C4N, as well as other various experimental evidences, which can easily be interpreted in terms of the C4N model. PMID- 7312645 TI - Photoreaction of thymidine with primary amines. Application to specific modification of DNA. AB - Irradiation of calf thymus DNA with 254-nm light in the presence of n-butylamine resulted in the formation of l-n-butylthymine. The progress of the reaction can be easily monitored by the appearance of a new absorption band at 300 nm by UV spectroscopy. Model experiments on TpdA indicated that strand scission may occur preferentially at thymines during the photoreaction between DNA and n-butylamine. Because of its high selectively to Thyd, this type of photoreaction with n butylamine may be used as a new method for selective release of thymine moieties from DNA. PMID- 7312646 TI - [Incidence of sarcoidosis in Poland]. PMID- 7312647 TI - [Role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 7312648 TI - [Reference values of the mean transit time index in a group of healthy non smokers selected from the general population]. PMID- 7312649 TI - [Diagnostic value of thoracic radiography for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7312651 TI - [Pulmonary tumorlet--a description of 2 cases]. PMID- 7312650 TI - [Results of a survey conducted in various Polish centers on the treatment effectiveness in active tuberculosis and drug resistance]. PMID- 7312652 TI - [Multidimensional statistical analysis of the length of metacarpal and finger bones in Turner's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312653 TI - [Volume of normal heart in adults. Own radiometric investigations (author's transl]. PMID- 7312655 TI - [Computed tomography in the examination of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312654 TI - [Mediastinal widening in pseudo-tumoral adrenocortical hyperfunction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312657 TI - [Attachment for mammography of own design (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312656 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of hiatus hernia in the light of indications to surgical treatment and operative verification (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312658 TI - [Mammography usefulness in the aspect of radiological and clinico-histological diagnoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312659 TI - [Comparative physico-chemical evaluation of barium sulphate suspensions used in X ray diagnostic gastrointestinal procedures (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312660 TI - [Small pelvis lipomatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312661 TI - [Venous angioma of the renal pelvis as a rare cause of haematuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312663 TI - [Multiple autorship (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312664 TI - Development and pathology of the self. PMID- 7312665 TI - The psychoanalytic concept of the self. PMID- 7312662 TI - [What is it? Tabes dorsalis]. PMID- 7312668 TI - The pathological sense of self in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 7312666 TI - Self-pathology in childhood: developmental and clinical considerations. AB - The conceptualization of childhood psychopathology is greatly aided when the stability and cohesiveness of the self are used as overriding points of orientation in the organization of clinical data. In children, self-cohesion, which is experienced as vigor, enthusiasm, and pleasure in the body-mind-self, depends on the phase-appropriate responses of the environment to the child's narcissistic developmental needs: mirroring and merger with the idealized selfobject. Since these selfobject responses depend on the empathic capacities of the child's psychological environment (primarily the parents), the development of parental empathy and the vicissitudes of its maintenance have been given special emphasis in this paper. The diagnosis of self-pathology in childhood has far reaching consequences for the treatment of the child and his psychological environment. Recognizing the parents as selfobjects provides a conceptual bridge between the intrapsychic and the interpersonal in the treatment of children whose self is still in the process of evolving in relationship to their psychological environment. The active involvement of the parents in the treatment of a young child is supported by the now repeatedly made observation that patients who establish selfobject transferences in the course of their analyses are able to utilize the analyst's selfobject functions for belated structure building by the transmuting internalization of these functions. During childhood this structure building potential can be remobilized within the child's own psychological environment. The clinical vignettes were chosen from the three representative age groups in childhood: preschool, latency, and adolescence. These vignettes were not intended to demonstrate "typical" manifestations of self-pathology at the various developmental phases. Rather, they were intended to demonstrate that the theory of the self as it develops within its psychological (selfobject) environment provides the child therapist with a theoretical tool which facilitates the understanding of those psychological conditions which- on a depth psychological rather than on a descriptive level-could not readily be categorized either as a neurotic or a psychotic conditions. Since parental empathy is the sine qua non for the execution of parental self-object functions, the remobilization of these functions will depend on the parents' ability to become empathic toward the now symptomatic child. This may require the treatment of one or both parents, since this capacity cannot be "grafted" onto the parents' personalities: these are capacities that have to become the expressions of their own nuclear self. Parental selfobject functions are active functions and have to be differentiated from the processes of identification... PMID- 7312667 TI - Physical aspects of the self. A review of some aspects of body image development in childhood. AB - The concept of body image in psychiatric usage, although vague as a concept, is nonetheless valuable in understanding the effects on development of a child's physical defect or physical illness, or of illness in the mother. The concepts of mirroring and the development of a true self have been considered as they relate to the body. Finally, a case of anorexia nervosa in a young adolescent, wherein mirroring of the physical self by the mother was aberrant in part because of an illness in infancy, has been presented. The development of a cohesive physical self in childhood is an important area for future theoretical and clinical work which may advance our understanding of the treatment process in some children and adults. PMID- 7312669 TI - The emergence of meanings and intentions. Mothers' dialogue with normal and language-imparied children. PMID- 7312670 TI - Alternative treatment of a young boy with a traumatic psychosis: the rediscovery and reconstitution of the self. PMID- 7312671 TI - The birth of the psychotherapeutic dialogue and the self. From the autistic prelogue and monologue to the interpersonal dialogue and plurilogue. PMID- 7312672 TI - The institution as family. Creating a "holding environment" for treating disorders of the self in children and parents from multiproblem families. PMID- 7312673 TI - [Radiographic evaluation of esophageal varices after sclerosing therapy]. PMID- 7312674 TI - [Case of Bochdalek's hernia]. PMID- 7312675 TI - [Giant hour-glass neurilemmoma of the upper portion of the cervical spine]. PMID- 7312676 TI - [Large jejunal diverticulitis as a cause of obstruction]. PMID- 7312678 TI - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 7312677 TI - [Variant factors affecting selection of pharmacotherapeutic agents]. PMID- 7312679 TI - [Stabilizing-hemostatic clamp for vascular anastomosis in microsurgery]. PMID- 7312681 TI - [Duodenogastric reflux and stomach ulcer in chronic liver and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 7312682 TI - [Mental efficiency in children with cerebral palsy and the course of medical rehabilitation at a rehabilitation center]. PMID- 7312680 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in Guillain-Barre syndrome]. PMID- 7312683 TI - [Rare histological picture of histiocytosis located in the cervical lymph nodes]. PMID- 7312684 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome]. PMID- 7312685 TI - [Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in pregnancy, successfully treated with plasma]. PMID- 7312686 TI - [Effectiveness of Nolvadex in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in the menopause]. PMID- 7312689 TI - [Platelet function in diabetes with different degrees of retinopathy]. PMID- 7312687 TI - [Heparin in experimental peritonitis]. PMID- 7312688 TI - [Effect of heparin on the course of experimental bacterial peritonitis in rabbits]. PMID- 7312690 TI - [Eye changes in West syndrome (eclampsia mutans)]. PMID- 7312691 TI - [Testing patient's knowledge of various medical terms]. PMID- 7312692 TI - [Condition of the oral mucosa in workers from selected industrial plants]. PMID- 7312693 TI - [Comparison of the activity of various urinary enzymes of patients poisoned with compounds of mercury, lead, arsenic and carbon tetrachloride]. PMID- 7312694 TI - [Peripheral nerve conduction in workers of the cadmium division of non-iron metallurgical plants]. PMID- 7312696 TI - [Practical value of pallesthesiometry for the prevention and diagnosis of vibration disease]. PMID- 7312695 TI - [Iron metabolism in workers exposed to carbon disulfide]. PMID- 7312697 TI - [Effect of vibration on the eye]. PMID- 7312699 TI - [Evaluation of radiation doses absorbed by the hands of the radiologists during digestive system radiography]. PMID- 7312700 TI - [Characteristics of the risk of internal contamination of workers in radioisotope laboratories in Poland]. PMID- 7312698 TI - [Occupational exposure of dental office staffs to metallic mercury]. PMID- 7312701 TI - The biochemistry of the human synovial lining with special reference to alterations in metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7312702 TI - The histology of fibrocystic disease of the female breast. Correlation with epithelial proliferative lesions and carcinoma in situ. PMID- 7312703 TI - [Autoradiographic investigations on the cell kinetics of crypt epithelial cells in rat jejunum following experimental thoracic duct blockade at the base of the neck (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312704 TI - Malignant lymphoma in the nose. Clinicopathological differences from the malignant histiocytosis presenting as lethal midline granuloma. AB - The clinical records and histologic materials from 7 cases with malignant lymphoma (ML) in the nose were examined, and the results were compared to those in malignant histiocytosis (MH) presenting as lethal midline granuloma previously reported by us. The main differences in the clinical findings were 1) younger initiation of the disease in MH than in ML (mean values were 56 and 37 years of age, respectively); 2) ML showed a polypoid nasal mass with necrosis but MH showed necrotic granulomatous lesions; and 3) much better survival in ML than in MH. The histological findings of malignant lymphoma differed from malignant histiocytosis not only in monotony but also in cytologic details. Alpha-naphthyl acetate and butyrate esterase reactions gave clear distinction between the two diseases. From these findings, we conclude that malignant lymphoma should be clinicopathologically separated from malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 7312705 TI - Elastic tissue injury in human acute pancreatitis. AB - Pancreatic vessel wall alterations were studied in tissue material obtained from six patients subjected to resection of the gland for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Special attention was paid to elastic tissue damage, which was studied using special stains in light and electron microscopy. Vascular wall elastic laminae showed changes varying from fragmentation to complete dissolution. The outer elastic lamina was more consistently affected. Elastic tissue damage was observed in pancreatic areas with minor acinar alterations and in vessels with otherwise relatively well-preserved walls. These observations suggest 1/ an early participation of elastase in the production of tissue damage in human acute pancreatitis and 2/ a primary role for elastic tissue injury in the vascular alterations leading to haemorrhage and tissue necrosis through ischaemia. PMID- 7312706 TI - Studies on histogenesis of the gastric carcinoma using minute cancers. PMID- 7312707 TI - Chordoma of the spinal cord in a F344 rat. AB - A chordoma arose in the lumbar region of the vertebral column from the last two vertebrae of a 112 week old female control F344 rat. Macroscopically it was a mass measuring 32 by 22 mm reaching the pelvic region and pressing against the colon and urinary bladder. Histologically the tumor cells were arranged into lobules and the cells grew in cords. Vacuolated large cells infiltrated the bone and surrounding muscles. This is the first reported case of chordoma in a rodent. PMID- 7312708 TI - Thymoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease of the thymus. PMID- 7312709 TI - Subcutaneous nodule in the groin of an infant boy. PMID- 7312711 TI - Experimental myocardial infarction in the rat as a quantitative model for the study of anti-ischemic interventions. AB - The identification of metabolic and drug interventions able to reduce myocardial injury after coronary artery occlusion requires experimental models. The rat model of ischemic injury is technically simple, unexpensive, informative and accessible to quantitative studies. In this present study, 41 rats underwent temporary myocardial ischemia of variable duration using left coronary artery ligation. They were sacrificed at 48 hours, and the heart was immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Serial 8 micrometer sections of known intervals were tested for succinodehydrogenase (NBT stain). Gross sectional areas measured planimetrically were utilized to calculate total myocardial volume (Vmyocardium) and infarcted myocardial volume (Vinfarct) with the aid of a programmable calculator. The data showed a linear regression for Vinfarct/Vmyocardium according to the time of ischemia (p 0,001). We suggest to test the efficiency of metabolic and drug interventions on the regression curve of the necrotic tissue using a multiple linear analysis. Since ischemic changes evolve more rapidly in this model, the intervention under study should be set up at the time of coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 7312710 TI - [DNA content and cell number in heart and liver of children. Comparable biochemical, cytophotometric and histological investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312712 TI - Malakoplakia of the larynx. AB - The first case of malakoplakia of the larynx in the world literature is reported. The soft raised plaques were removed from a 61-year-old white male, who was a heavy smoker and complained of hoarseness, but was otherwise in good general condition. From the follow-up of our patient, it is concluded that malakoplakia is not of particularly bad prognosis when affecting the larynx, and that simple local excision seems to be enough to produce cure. On these grounds, the laryngologists should be aware of the entity and consider it when dealing with raised nodules or plaques in the larynx, while the pathologists should be alert to look for the Michaelis-Gutman bodies, when encountered with peculiar histiocytic reactions anywhere in the body, even in the larynx. PMID- 7312713 TI - Benign, borderline and malignant serous cystadenomas of the ovary. A transmission and scanning electron microscopical study. AB - In this study benign, malignant and borderline types of ovarian cystadenomas were studied by different morphological, transmission electron microscopical and scanning electron microscopical methods. The main cell type, the tubal cell, contained numerous microvilli projecting into the lumen, some cells also possessed cilia in addition to microvilli. Infrequently endometrial like cells were found with branched cilia intermixed with microvillous projections similar to that of the endometrium. Endocervical-like cells, very uncommon, evidenced numerous cytoplasmic projections extending into the lumen, arranged in a wavelike pattern. The surface structures were well developed in benign tumors, in borderline tumors focal denuded areas with histologically atypias were seen and in malignant ones the surface cells were devoid of specialised structures. The results also support a metaplastic origin from ovarian surface epithelium for these tumors. PMID- 7312714 TI - [Regressive change in the rat prostate after castration. A study using histology, morphometrics and autoradiography with special reference to apoptosis (author's transl)]. AB - The individual processes involved in involution of the prostate gland following androgen withdrawal are incompletely understood. The rat prostate was used to investigate cell loss (numeric atrophy), decrease in cell size (simple or cellular atrophy) and altered cell proliferation. The prostate gland was studied at various times after castration using histological, nuclear morphometric and 3 H-thymidine autoradiographic methods, as well as by measuring weight. Cell loss was determined by the proportion of apoptosis-bodies. Following castration a decreased formation of secretions and reduction in interstitial tissue fluid were observed, as well as reduced cell proliferation, which did not affect the weight, as the normal cell proliferation in all lobes of the prostate is extremely small. The nuclear size fell to 30%. The apoptosis index, i.e. cell loss, was considerable and reached a maximum in the coagulating glands on day 2, and in the other prostate lobes between day 4 and 8. After this time cell loss corresponded to that of control animals. Cell loss measured by apoptosis has proved to be reliable parameter of hormone-dependent regression of the prostate. The responsiveness of prostate carcinomas to hormone treatment can be tested possibly using alteration in the apoptosis index already some days after withdrawal of androgens. PMID- 7312715 TI - A hypothesis on the origin of the subcylindrical reserve cells of the endocervix. AB - The structural features of subcylindrical reserve cells of the endocervix are presented. Reserve cells varied in shape. They were randomly oriented and most had a bean-like or spindle shape. Some were loosely apposed with no desmosomes while others were separated by an intercellular matrix. Their nuclei were oval or fusiform, with a prominent nucleolus. Coarse chromatin plaques are distributed irregularly within the nuclei, and surface membrane showed cytoplasmic projections. Within the connective tissue, close to the basal membrane, could be found cells that showed the same structural features; some of them were partially enveloped by amorphous ground substance and collagen, and had small processes extending from the cell surface in the direction of the epithelial layer. Ultrastructural analysis of these cells disclosed some similarities with fibroblasts in the surrounding stroma, and suggested that they were primitive mesenchymal cells originating from Mullerian mesenchyme. PMID- 7312717 TI - The effect of a new benzofuran derivative on circulatory system of experimental animals. PMID- 7312716 TI - Inhibition of dopamine uptake by a new psychostimulant mesocarb (Sydnocarb). AB - The effect of a new psychostimulant, mesocarb was determined on the in vitro uptake of biogenic amines into synaptosomes prepared from whole rat brain and various cerebral regions. Amphetamine was also examined as reference compound. On the other hand, the effects of mesocarb and amphetamine were compared in vivo on the uptake of catecholamines (CA) using an indirect method based on the inhibiton of cerebral CA depletion caused by intraventricularly injected 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Mesocarb was found to block the synaptosomal uptake of dopamine (DA) in the striatum and whole brain more effectively than amphetamine, but inhibited the noradrenaline (NA) uptake into hypothalamus much less than amphetamine. The effect of mesocarb on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) uptake was not significant, similarly as that of amphetamine. On the other hand, mesocarb inhibited the decrease of brain DA levels but had no protecting effect against NA depletion caused by 6-OHDA, in vivo. Amphetamine dose-dependently inhibited NA depletion caused by 6-OHDA but did not inhibit DA depletion. These findings indicate that mesocarb is a specific inhibitor of in vitro synaptosomal CA uptake, with an activity for striatal and whole brain DA uptake blockade much higher than that of amphetamine. The results also show that mesocarb is a selective inhibitor of DA uptake in vivo, in contrast to amphetamine, which preferentially blocks the uptake of NA in the brain. This difference may presumably be responsible for the different psychostimulatory action of the two compounds. PMID- 7312718 TI - The influence of furfural inhalation poisoning on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in rats. AB - The inhalation of furfural, 20 mg/m3 by adult rats during 3 months for 5 h daily, 6 times a week, did not change the calcium and phosphorus level in blood serum and in bones, but depressed the activity of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum. The exposure to furfural of immature rats (6-7 weeks old) during 4 weeks caused a depression of blood serum and intestine mucosa alkaline phosphatase activity, elevation of calcium and phosphorus levels in blood serum with concomitant fall in bones, and a decrease in calcium excretion with urine. PMID- 7312719 TI - A model of experimental atherosclerosis in pigs. Part I. Study on blood lipids and coagulation. AB - Pigs received for 24 weeks a high-lipid diet containing cholesterol and coconut oil. Blood lipid fractions were assayed, electrophoretic separation of lipoproteids was carried out, and tests for blood coagulation parameters (fibrinogen content, partial thromboplastin time, paracoagulation test, blood platelets aggregation) were carried out. In the blood serum of experimental animals the content of triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids, lipid phosphorous and beta-lipoproteids gradually increased. A hyperlipidemia corresponding to type IV of Fredrickson was obtained. No parallel changes in the results of studies on blood coagulation parameters were observed. PMID- 7312720 TI - Preliminary pharmacological investigations of 8-benzylaminotheophylline derivatives. PMID- 7312721 TI - Effect of excess methionine on methotrexate cell-killing action in vitro. AB - Methionine at the concentrations 10, 15 and 20 times higher than in complete Fischer's medium produced a transient impairment or a transient block in the growth of L 5178 Y cells in culture without influencing their viability. Autoradiographic data revealed that methionine-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis was followed by a partial synchronization of cells in the phase of DNA synthesis. Methionine at a high concentration (1.5 mg/ml) enhanced the cell killing action of methotrexate under conditions of delayed drug addition and did not diminish it when added with the drug simultaneously. PMID- 7312722 TI - Reactions of cyanomethylbenzimidazoles. Part IV. Derivatives of 2-[alpha-cyano beta-aryl-(dialkyl)-vinyl]-benzimidazole and N-arylthioamides of benzimidazolyl-2 alpha-cyanoacetic acid and their tuberculostatic activity. AB - Several derivatives of N-arylthioamide of benzimidazolyl-2-alpha-cyanoacetic acid and 2-(alpha-cyano-beta-chlorophenyl)-benzimidazole and its 4(7)- and 5(6)-methyl derivatives have been obtained. Tuberculostatic activity of these compounds was determined on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. LD50 values were determined for derivatives of 2-(alpha-cyano-beta-arylvinyl)-benzimidazoles. The compounds show moderate toxicity. PMID- 7312724 TI - Kinetics of drug decomposition. Part 67. Kinetics of degradation of dicloxacillin in aqueous solution. AB - The rates of hydrolysis of beta-lactam ring of dicloxacillin (DC) in the pH range 1.10-9.65 at 293, 303 and 313 K were determined. Specific rate constants were calculated for: H degree ions, undissociated phosphoric acid and H2PO4- ions catalysis of hydrolysis of undissociated DC molecule; for H+, OH-, HPO4(-2) and CH3COO- ions and undissociated phosphoric and acetic acids catalysis of hydrolysis of dissociated DC species and spontaneous hydrolysis of dissociated DC species. For each process the thermodynamic parameters were determined. PMID- 7312723 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 1-hydroxyalkyl-8 benzylaminotheobromines. PMID- 7312726 TI - Suicide the hush-hush killer. PMID- 7312725 TI - Dissolution of azathioprine from tablets in forced laminar flow of liquid. AB - The dissolution of azathioprine from tablets was investigated in a column apparatus with forced laminar liquid flow. The experiments showed that auxiliary ingredients and hydrodynamic factors affected the diffusion coefficient and solubility of the active principle and the density and viscosity of eluates from dissolution cell. For laminar flows changes in these physico-chemical parameters are described by a dimensionless equation (Formula: see text), where Sh--Sherwood number, Sc--Schmidt number, Re--Reynolds number, (Formula: see text)--grain dispersion in disintegrated tablet mass. PMID- 7312728 TI - Ten commandments for defendant-doctors: a lawyer's advice to furious, injured physicians accused of malpractice. PMID- 7312727 TI - Maximal exercise testing: prognostic value for assessment of coronary heart disease risk. PMID- 7312729 TI - New names for the brown recluse and the black widow. PMID- 7312730 TI - Low-dose radiation: risks vs benefits. PMID- 7312731 TI - Propoxyphene dependence: an update. AB - Despite the initial claims that propoxyphene (Darvon) provides analgesia without risk of dependence, there is growing international recognition of its addictive potential, with documentation of both psychological dependence and physical withdrawal symptoms. However, many physicians remain uninformed of the true nature of the drug and its potential for abuse and addiction. In terms of frequency of addiction among users, propoxyphene may be less dangerous than most narcotics, but it is more available by prescription and less expensive then illegal opiates, making it a prime target for both abuse and addiction. At present, increased caution by prescribing physicians is indicated. Patients now taking the drug should be carefully monitored for signs of abuse or dependence. PMID- 7312732 TI - Thrombocytopenia associated with minidose heparin therapy. AB - Thrombocytopenia developed in an elderly woman who was being treated for an impacted fracture of the right femoral neck. The complication was attributed to heparin because the platelet count decreased each time the drug was administered, and when the drug was stopped, the count increased. By the time of death, the patient's platelet count had dropped to 30,000/cu mm. This case is presented to alert physicians to the possibility of thrombocytopenia with the prophylactic use of minidose heparin. PMID- 7312733 TI - Mammography- misunderstood and underutilized. AB - A mammography screening program for breast cancer carried out in Sacramento by the University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, was canceled because of negative public reaction to sensationalized reports in the lay press on the potential carcinogenic risks of the radiation exposure, along with passivity on the part of the medical community in defending the procedure and the program. Disappointment in this occurrence spurred us to explore physician's knowledge of and attitudes toward breast cancer and mammography. The results confirmed our suspicions that a significant number of physicians lack accurate knowledge of breast cancer and of the extremely high benefit-to-risk ratio of mammography as a means of early detection. PMID- 7312735 TI - The quality of genetic counselling in osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - A survey is reported of the genetic advice given to 272 families with osteogenesis imperfecta. An appreciable number of families were not given advice by anyone even though they had asked for it, and only one quarter of the families had been referred to a clinical genetic specialist. Overall approximately one third of the information recollected as having been received was incorrect but genetic specialists were clearly more successful than other doctors. PMID- 7312734 TI - Malignant lymphomas: results and observations from St George's Hospital. AB - With both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the results documented compared well with reference series. Hence the advantages of a modest clinic need not be at the cost of recovery or of survival. A major factor attenuating the scale of therapy in Hodgkin's disease is the risk of inducing second malignancies. Four such complications have been observed amongst 27 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Amongst the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma better results were noted than the designation 'poor prognosis histology' had led the authors to expect. These findings suggest that the concept of histologically based prognosis may be over subscribed and that contemporary therapeutic strategies can be extremely effective in this group. PMID- 7312736 TI - The diagnosis and management of patients admitted to hospital with acute breathlessness. AB - The authors have studied 352 emergency medical admissions during a summer period and 355 during the winter months to identify 177 patients who had been treated for breathlessness. Multiple and rapidly changing treatments have been taken to indicate diagnostic uncertainty. Using this model, the authors have shown that there is much more uncertainty in winter than in summer and that the working diagnosis of chest infection or asthma is particularly likely to be associated with multiple treatment. It is questionable whether the stereotyped descriptions of diseases in standard text books provide an adequate basis for emergency treatment decisions and it is considered that the diagnostic value of investigations such as chest radiography needs further careful scrutiny. PMID- 7312737 TI - Anti-hypertensive therapy with propranolol during pregnancy and lactation. AB - A hypertensive women was treated throughout pregnancy with propranolol 40 mg daily without complication. At delivery the umbilical cord plasma concentration was similar to that in the maternal venous plasma. Milk:plasma ratios were less than 1, although a higher ratio would be predicted. Estimated daily intake of propranolol in breast milk by the infant was about 3 micrograms. There appears to be no reason to advise women receiving propranolol to avoid breast feeding. PMID- 7312738 TI - Hypercalcaemia in alphacalcidol therapy. AB - Three women with hypoparathyroidism are described who developed severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia while being treated with alphacalcidol (1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol; One-Alpha). One sustained permanent renal damage. Alphacalcidol may have advantages over calciferol in its speed of action but poisoning may be more likely to occur. Frequent follow-up checks on the plasma calcium is needed for any patient on alphacalcidol. For long-term management calciferol may still be the drug of choice. PMID- 7312739 TI - Plasma exchange in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 7312740 TI - Acute transverse myelopathy complicating tetanus. AB - A 12-year-old boy presented with typical features of short incubation tetanus. Spastic paraparesis with a mid-thoracic sensory level was present from the time of the initial examination. X-rays of the spine and lumbar myelogram were normal. The paraparesis improved rapidly and within a month the patient was free of neurological deficit. The case is possibly a rare example of tetanus involving the central nervous system other than the anterior horn cells. PMID- 7312741 TI - Pseudohypoparathyroidism presenting as severe Parkinsonism. AB - A case of pseudohypoparathyroidism in a middle-aged female presenting with severe Parkinsonism is reported. Correction of serum calcium led to marked clinical improvement suggesting that symptoms and signs were exacerbated by hypocalcaemia and tetanic spasm. Calcification of the basal ganglia was not detected on skull X ray but was revealed by computerized axial tomography. PMID- 7312742 TI - Behcet's syndrome and neutropenia. PMID- 7312743 TI - Diabetic neuralgic amyotrophy. PMID- 7312745 TI - Hypercalcaemia and phaeochromocytoma. AB - A patient with a phaeochromocytoma associated with hypercalcemia is described. The hypercalcaemia was corrected by removal of the phaeochromocytoma. Parathyroid hormone-like peptide was isolated from the tumour suggesting that ectopic parathyroid hormone production from the phaeochromocytoma was the explanation of the hypercalcaemia. PMID- 7312744 TI - Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7312746 TI - Umbilical haemorrhage--an unusual complication of cirrhosis. AB - A 59-year-old woman known to have micronodular cirrhosis presented with haemorrhage from the umbilicus. She eventually required exomphalectomy at which a huge patent umbilical vein was found and ligated. Selective coeliac and superior mesenteric angiography with late phase films confirmed a large umbilical vein filling from the left branch of the portal vein. So far as the author knows, umbilical haemorrhage as a complication of cirrhosis has never previously been reported. PMID- 7312747 TI - Closure of a gastrocolic fistula after treatment with cimetidine. PMID- 7312748 TI - Bilateral obturator herniae and associated femoral hernia. PMID- 7312749 TI - Malignant testicular tumours in non-twin brothers. PMID- 7312750 TI - Treatment of pain in the elderly. PMID- 7312751 TI - [Thoracoscopy. Results in pleural cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Macroscopic features and related problems of pleural cancer, as seen by thoracoscopy, are presented. A reference is made to its frequent localization in the pleural bases and to its ascending progression. In cases of lung cancer with pleural effusion, such a technique opens the possibility to treat those patients in whom the non-metastatic nature of the effusion is confirmed. The higher yield of this procedure, as compared to needle pleural biopsy, is discussed and the possibility of performing intraoperative pleurodesis is emphasized. PMID- 7312753 TI - Thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of environmental natural mineral fiber-induced pleural diseases. PMID- 7312752 TI - Pleuroscopy in clinical evaluation and staging of lung cancer. AB - The use of pleuroscopy in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma has not been reported previously. We performed this procedure in 45 lung cancer patients in whom pleural involvement was suspected. Pleural fluid or mestastases were found in 37 patients, 5 of whom had also major atelectasis due to bronchial obstruction by tumor. Neoplasm penetrating vital structures (aorta, brachial plexus) was found in 3 patients, tumor confining to resectable structures in 3; no pleural abnormalities were disclosed in 2. Based on these findings, 43 tumors were assigned stage III. Only on two occasions pleuroscopy did not aid staging. In 20 patients with massive pleural effusion causing dyspnea we insufflated talc in order to produce pleurodesis. This was fully successful in 16 patients, while in 2 the pleural cavity became only partially obliterated, with symptomatic relief. In 2 patients pleurodesis could not be evaluated because of early death caused by progression of cancer. Pleuroscopy is a highly informative procedure, applicable when involvement of pleura by lung cancer is suspected. It is helpful in clinical staging of the tumor and in assessment of its resectability, particularly in elderly, poor-risk patients. It provides the best way for talc insufflation when pleurodesis is indicated. Pleuroscopy should have an established place in the clinical evaluation and staging of lung cancer. PMID- 7312754 TI - Thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. AB - Among 325 patients (95 women and 230 men) admitted to hospital for pleural effusion, 28 cases of malignant mesothelioma were found. In 22 of the 28 patients thoracoscopy was used to determine the course of the effusions. Thoracoscopy revealed the correct diagnosis in 19 of the 22 patients and thus gave far better results than cytological examination or hyaluronic acid determination on the pleural fluid. PMID- 7312755 TI - [The metrology of mineral fibres in thoracoscopic lung and pleural biopsies. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. AB - Metrology of mineral fibres by electron microscopy was carried out in thoracoscopy specimens ("normal" parietal pleura, pleural plaque, tumour, lung) obtained from different sites in 19 patients: 9 exposed to asbestos and 10 non exposed controls. With regard to results concerning the parietal pleura, the differences in exposure of the patients (as revealed by history) were not reflected by metrological characteristics (nature and number of fibres, size, topographical distribution) and it was impossible to distinguish the exposed cases from the controls. The number of fibres ("non-measurable presence" being 130.10(3) fibres/g) did not differ significantly between the two "exposed" and "non-exposed" groups. By contrast, the number of fibres found in lung biopsies was in general very high in exposed patients (up to 379.10(3) fibres/g.) In 3 non exposed patients, there was no asbestos in the lung. Broadly speaking, metrological data were similar to those previously obtained in other cases and using surgical or autopsy specimens. This reinforces the validity of the method of metrology in thoracoscopic specimens and confirms the complexity and difficulties of assessment of pleural involvement. The advantages of study of early pleural specimens obtained under thoracoscopic control in comparison with surgical or autopsy specimens remains to be determined in a larger number of cases. The safety of the method should be emphasized, no complications having been seen in this series. PMID- 7312756 TI - Thoracoscopy: results in non cancerous and idiopathic pleural effusions. AB - Two hundred and fifty pleural effusions were studied prospectively comparing the results obtained simultaneously by investigation of the pleural fluid, blind needle biopsy of the pleura and thoracoscopy. Thoracoscopy was necessary in 50% of the cases for the diagnosis or the exclusion of a neoplastic or tuberculous etiology. The combined cytological and histological results of the pleural effusions and the needle biopsies established the diagnosis of malignancy in 74%. Tuberculosis was proven histologically in 52% by needle biopsy, in 62% when the cases were not included where only inadequate tissue was obtained. If the bacteriological results of tb-cultures including those of the pleural effusions are added, 74% of the tuberculous pleurisies were diagnosed. Thoracoscopy had a significantly higher yield with 97% in malignant and 99% in tuberculous effusions. The value of thoracoscopy in pleural effusions of other or of idiopathic origins has to be seen in the light of these results showing the probability with which a tumour or a tuberculosis can be excluded, 9% of the cases remained indeterminate (idiopathic). PMID- 7312757 TI - [Thoracoscopy: therapeutic value in emergency pleuro-pulmonary syndromes and diagnostic value (author's transl)]. AB - Thoracoscopy, a diagnostic method of high precision, may be considered to be a lifesaving gesture in certain dramatic situations. It offers the possibility of a precise diagnosis and effective therapeutic measures, which may be performed endoscopically. Such dramatic situations are represented above all by haemopneumothorax, high tension spontaneous pneumothorax and fulminating pleural effusions, as in Meigs syndrome. Pathology involved may range from traumatic, degenerative or inflammatory conditions to tumours of pathognomic malformations. A number of clinical cases spectacular by virtue of their clinical features, endoscopic diagnosis and successful treatment in dramatic circumstances, are presented. PMID- 7312758 TI - Pleuroscopy in empyema: is it ever necessary? AB - The use of pleuroscopy in empyema has not been reported before. I performed this procedure in 19 empyema patients. In 7, empyema was found incidentally, while pleuroscopy was done for a variety of other indications. Twelve others had known empyema that did not respond to treatment with drainage and antibiotics. In these patients pleuroscopy was carried out in order to determine lung expansibility, to search for factors possibly responsible for therapy failure, and to aid treatment. Useful information was obtained in every patient. Some findings were totally unexpected and revealing, e.g. a surgical sponge forgotten at an earlier heart operation, undigested food particles traced to an unrecognised perforation of an esophageal tumor, or an unsuspected broncho-pleural fistula. Treatment was modified accordingly. In addition to its diagnostic value, pleuroscopy is an important aid in treatment of empyema. All pus and debris can be aspirated under vision and tube drains can be placed in the most dependent position. In selected patients talc can be insufflated in order to cause pleurodesis. Although the use of talc in empyema has not been described before, our early experience is encouraging. I used it on three occasions, achieving each time complete pleurodesis and prompt cure of empyema. It is concluded that pleuroscopy is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, applicable in patients with empyema in whom conventional therapy failed. It provides the best way for talc insufflation when pleurodesis is difficult to achieve. Pleuroscopy should have an established place in the management of empyema. PMID- 7312759 TI - [Pleural talcage in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax (author's transl)]. AB - The insufflation of iodinised (1%) sterile talc in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax is presented as a safe and valuable method of treatment. A recidive pneumothorax occurs in 6.6% of the patients. This form of treatment should only be used in the forms of pneumothorax without bullous degeneration, which should be treated surgically. Pleural talcage can be performed under local anesthesia, without harmful repercussion on the patient or on the VC, FEV1, and diffusion capacity. In our experience, thoracoscopy provides the inestimable and necessary information for choosing the best way of treatment in patients with a spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 7312760 TI - [Intrapleural talc in malignant pleural effusions (author's transl)]. AB - Intrapleural talc poudrage was carried out at the end of thoracoscopy in 77 patients after complete aspiration of fluid with uniform insufflation over the whole surface area of the pleura of 4 to 5 ml of pure talc, asbestos free. A continuous suction drain was left in place for 3 to 6 days. Amongst these patients, there were 57 cases of pleural effusion due to metastases and 20 mesotheliomas. A satisfactory result was obtained in 70 patients (91%). There were 7 failures. Fourteen mesotheliomas in which talc was used were compared with 14 further cases operated upon by pleurectomy. Both series were compared retrospectively in terms of age, sex, exposure to asbestos, histological type and the interval between the first symptom and treatment. In the talc series, there were 11 excellent results, 2 moderate and 1 nil. In the operated series there were 10 excellent results, 1 nil and 3 postoperative deaths. Survival of the patients was 395 +/- 55 days after the application of talc and 315 +/- 65 days after pleurectomy. There was thus a slight benefit in favour of the talc technique but this was not statistically significant. A figure of approximately 90% of satisfactory results is found in other series of the use of intrapleural talc published. This technique is thus effective and free of danger, and may be used in malignant effusions when techniques of local instillation of various substances and systemic chemotherapy have failed. PMID- 7312761 TI - Talc pleurodesis : a controversial issue. AB - The use of talc for pleurodesis is a controversial issue. I have used talc in patients with malignant pleural effusion, recurrent pneumothorax, chylothorax and in selected cases of empyema. During pleuroscopy talc is insufflated through the lumen of the mediastinoscope. Up to 2 gr of purified talc is sprinkled under vision over the entire pleural surface. Of our total experience with 83 patients, 77 were available for follow up. Among 52 patients with pleural effusion, complete pleurodesis was achieved in 43 and partial pleurodesis in 5, with 4 failures. Of 21 patients with recurrent pneumothorax, complete pleural symphysis was achieved in 17 and partial in 3, with 1 failure. In all patients with empyema and with chylothorax, pleurodesis was complete. In total, obliteration of the pleural space was complete (excellent result) in 64 patients (83%) and partial (fair result) in 8 patients (10.5%). Talc failed to induced pleural symphysis only in 5 patients (6.5%). There were no complications and no deaths related to the procedure. This is attributed to the fact that only purified (British Pharmacopoeia) talc was used and its amount never exceeded 2 gr. The use of talc in pleura is safe and useful. It provides excellent palliation in patients with malignant pleural effusion and cure in the other groups. Excessive concern about complications of using talc is unjustified. PMID- 7312762 TI - [Indications for intrapleural talc under pleuroscopic control in malignant recurrent pleural effusions. Based on 26 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A review of ten years' experience of talc pleurodesis applied to the treatment of permanently recurrent carcinomatous pleural effusions. Twenty six patients aged between 35 and 83 years, suffering from metastatic pleural effusions, underwent pleuroscopy with local anaesthesia followed by powdering with talc, then suction drainage. There were 8 failures (30%), including 4 early deaths and 4 survivals of less than 4 months with no reduction in the effusion. Three results proved to be poor because of early extra-thoracic metastases (11.5%). There were 15 useful results, with drying up without return of the effusion and comfortable survival for 3 months to 7 years, including 8 of more than a year. These figures, somewhat unfavourable in comparison with those found in the recent literature (up to 90% useful results) were biased by the inclusion of patients who were in fact beyond help (excessive age, markedly impaired general condition, too advanced pleuro pulmonary lesions, multiple metastases) which represent classical contraindications to the use of the talc technique. It emphasizes the best indications, based upon a sufficiently long life expectancy, good local pleuro pulmonary state, the virtual restriction of malignant disease to the pleura, residual therapeutic possibilities-all conditions frequently found in cases of pleural carcinomatosis of mammary origin. PMID- 7312763 TI - [The thoracic surgeon and thoracoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - In the light of the results of thoracoscopy, the surgeon has a tendency to readily adopt the procedure and rather than criticising it, to tend on the contrary to "push" it even more. He would like to see if even more audacious in order to go to the maximum of its possibilities. Its extension to certain revisions after surgery is desirable (e.g. removal of clots). Nevertheless, in order to even further widen its indications and to take known risks, it would seem to be preferable to perform thoracoscopy in surgical surroundings, being aware of the possible need for subsequent surgery in case of complications. The patient and physician should be warned of the latter. PMID- 7312765 TI - Thoracoscopic biopsy under visual control. AB - Description of a method to obtain by thoracoscopy adequate material for different investigation - purposes, in behalf of the pathologist in the first place. The thoracoscopic lung-biopsy has become in our clinic a routine diagnostic procedure in almost all cases with diffuse alterations on the chest X-ray. It is also practised in some cases of pleural effusion of unclear genesis. The method competes with other procedures like needle biopsy, surgical biopsy, transbronchial biopsy and sometimes mediastinoscopy. Induction of an artificial pneumothorax is essential. The procedure is almost painless under local anaesthesia and very weel tolerated by the patient. No complications of any importance were observed. The results of 115 cases (over a period of 15 years) are presented and discussed. Because of the safety and the very high percentage of positive pathology (95%) we regard the method as a procedure of first choice. PMID- 7312764 TI - [Pulmonary biopsy under visual control (author's transl)]. AB - Out of more than 3 000 diagnostic thoracoscopies carried out in the Chest Hospital Heckeshorn since 1950, a pneumothorax was induced in 43% because of pulmonary lesions and in 16% because of disease of the mediastinum or of the thoracic wall. The pathologic changes can be differentiated more exactly by the use of telescopes than by the naked eye. Biopsies can be taken from several different points under visual control. We did not observe major bleedings in our cases with biopsy specimens as large as raisins. The post thoracoscopic suction drainage should be performed through tubes with a caliber of 8 mm and with multiple side holes. A negative pressure of 100 mbar and a pumping flow of more than 3, 51/min has to be applied. The mean time for drainage was 3.4 days, long lasting fistulas were not seen. A protective antibiotic therapy can be discussed after five days of intrapleural suction. 87% of the lung biopsies revealed a specific morphological diagnosis. In only 13% of the cases additional open biopsy was indicated. This gave new informations in about one half, in the remaining cases the thoracoscopic findings were confirmed. We used the rigid 8 mm thoracoscope (Storz) with a cold-light source. Only one trocar and one cannula are necessary because observation, photography biopsy, puncture, suction and diathermy are possible through the one-channel thoracoscope. In our opinion, flexible fiberoptics have more disadvantages than advantages. PMID- 7312766 TI - [Thoracoscopy and lung biopsy without initial pneumothorax (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312767 TI - Management of frequency and dysuria. PMID- 7312768 TI - Balkan nephropathy. PMID- 7312769 TI - Lacerations in Rugby Union football. PMID- 7312770 TI - Medical problems in Association football. PMID- 7312771 TI - Injuries in professional boxing. Their treatment and prevention. PMID- 7312773 TI - A by-pass card for infants. PMID- 7312772 TI - Airgun pellet injuries in children. PMID- 7312774 TI - Stone disease of the urinary tract. PMID- 7312775 TI - Glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7312776 TI - Renal manifestations of systemic disorders. PMID- 7312777 TI - Vocational training. The half-day release course. PMID- 7312778 TI - The compilation of an age/sex register in the Huddersfield Health District. PMID- 7312779 TI - Obstetrics. PMID- 7312780 TI - Everyday obstetric problems. PMID- 7312781 TI - Problems and trends of home confinements. A 15-year survey (1966 to 1980) of obstetrical practice in an urban area. PMID- 7312783 TI - Psychiatric illness associated with childbirth. PMID- 7312782 TI - Genetic counselling and obstetrics. PMID- 7312785 TI - Is antenatal care really necessary? PMID- 7312784 TI - Fetal monitoring in pregnancy and labour. PMID- 7312786 TI - The elements of psychotherapy. PMID- 7312787 TI - The psychiatric mother and baby unit. A three-year study. PMID- 7312788 TI - Incontinence in old age. PMID- 7312789 TI - Intra-oral problems associated with head and neck irradiation for malignant disease in children and adolescents. PMID- 7312790 TI - How accurately do we diagnose tumours at the rectosigmoid junction? PMID- 7312791 TI - Treatment of migraine and cluster headache. PMID- 7312792 TI - [The work in the "reality room" of an adolescent institution of a psychotherapeutic clinic]. PMID- 7312793 TI - [Behavior problems in the vocational school age under the aspect of reality therapy]. PMID- 7312794 TI - [Gastro-intestinal bleeding: stress and ulcer inducing drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312795 TI - [Smoking: a problem for the physician today (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312796 TI - [Tobacco, alcohol and drugs in central Switzerland (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312797 TI - [Philosophical fragments of a doctor's ethos (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312798 TI - [Side effects following anti-treponemal therapy and practical means of prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312800 TI - [The junior-balint-group as field of experimentation for the doctor-patient relationship (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312801 TI - [Differential diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome and chronic diarrhea in infants and children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312802 TI - [The indication of surgical treatment of pediatric gastro-intestinal tract diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312803 TI - [Functional gastrointestinal disorders in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312799 TI - [Treatment of psoriasis on an outpatient-base using UVB-radiations, oral retinoid and ten percent saline baths (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312804 TI - [Apoplectiform processes in tumours of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312805 TI - [Improvement of cerebral blood circulation by microsurgical bypass-anastomoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312806 TI - [Spontaneous, non-traumatic intracerebral hematomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312807 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7312808 TI - [Depositions of amyloid in the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312809 TI - [Endoscopic aspects of duodenal diseases in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312810 TI - Pancreas divisum. PMID- 7312811 TI - [Duodenal diaphragm in adults (3 case reports) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312813 TI - [Stenosing abnormal configuration of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312812 TI - [Duplications of the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312814 TI - [What is your diagnosis? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312815 TI - [Progress in the surgical management of colo-rectal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312816 TI - [Elevated serum uric acid in a normal population and in patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312817 TI - [Sexual problems in general practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312818 TI - [Buprenorphine for the relief of pain after operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312819 TI - [Arthropods as passive vectors of infectious diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312820 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7312821 TI - [Cyclosporin A - a new immunosuppressive agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312822 TI - [Results of bile duct exploration and cholecystectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312823 TI - [Occupational exposure to solvents - first principles for diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312824 TI - [The surgical treatment of epicondylitis - follow-up of 100 operated elbows (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312825 TI - [The function of the sick child in the family (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312826 TI - [Pneumonia and acute renal failure in legionellosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312827 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 7312828 TI - [Therapy of Parkinson (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312829 TI - [Cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis -- case report and review (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312830 TI - [A case from general practice (7)]. PMID- 7312831 TI - Purification of adenosine deaminase from human red blood cells. AB - Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) has been purified in high yield from human erythrocytes using a simple procedure based on two chromatographic steps. In the first step enzyme is bound to a diaminohexane Sepharose column and eluted with salt. The second strap is column chromatography on Separose-bound purine riboside prepared by cross-linking the riboside to the matrix with 1,4-butanediol-diglycidyl ether. The overall purification factor was approximately 750,000 and the purity was at least 96%. The procedure is suitable for small sample sizes and for purification of the variant forms of the enzyme obtained from a single individual. PMID- 7312832 TI - Purification of actin from cardiac muscle. AB - Actin from cardiac acetone and ether powders is compared to actin from skeletal acetone powder using a modification of an established extraction procedure. The yield of actin from cardiac ether powder is nearly the same as the yield from skeletal acetone powder whereas significantly less actin is obtained from cardiac acetone powder. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows the actins from each of the sources to be virtually identical in terms of purity and mobility. Molecular sieve chromatography of G-actin demonstrates cardiac actin from ether powder to have identical polymerization and mobility properties as skeletal actin from acetone powder. A simplified procedure, developed for highly purified actin from muscle powder and prepared in a single day is presented. The storage of F-actin at -80 degrees C is also discussed. PMID- 7312833 TI - A simplified procedure for purification of human prothrombin, factor IX and factor X. AB - A simplified procedure is described for the purification of prothrombin, Factor X and Factor IX in overall yields of 35-40% from pooled human plasma. The initial steps, which are common to prior purification techniques, include adsorption onto and elution from barium citrate, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE Sephadex chromatography. The procedure differs from previous techniques in that the nest step, heparin-agarose chromatography, is carried out in a (sodium) citrate buffer, pH 7.5. These chromatographic conditions permit the separation of prothrombin, Factor X and Factor IX from each other, yielding fractions with apparent homogeneity in several electrophoretic systems. The additional chromatographic steps of earlier purification procedures are therefore unnecessary. The heaprin-agrarose column chromatographic conditions consistently resulted in the separation of human prothrombin in into two fractions in a ratio of approximately 4:1. Both fractions possess similar specific activity in a one stage prothrombin assay, and also activate at the same rate in a Factor Xa, Ca2+ and phospholipid system. Both fractions of prothrombin also comigrate in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis with an apparent Mr integral of 70,000. PMID- 7312834 TI - Preparation of homogeneous concanavalin A. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A), obtained either commercially or by affinity chromatography, was further purified by incubating at 6-8 hr at pH 3.0-3.2 in 1 M NaCl, 0.08 M glycine and 3 mM each Ca2+ and Mn+2, heat treating at 45 degrees C for 2 hr and centrifuging. The supernatant was neutralized to pH 5 and stored in the cold. Te overall yield was 70-80%. Some of the properties of Con A at pH 5 are: The absorption coefficient of a l g/dl solution is 13.7 at 280 nm; the mean residue ellipticity at 224.5 nm is -9,300 degrees to -9,800 degrees; by sedimentation equilibrium, its molecular weight is 53,000 between pH 3.0 and pH 5.2. Con A solutions standing at room temperature at pH 7 for ten days lose through precipitation only 5-8% of the protein in 0.2 M NaCl and 15% of the protein in 0.1 M NaCl. In the solution conditions of SDS and urea-SDS gels, Con A not only unfolds slowly and incompletely, but it also forms high molecular weight aggregates. Thus, electrophoresis of Con a in such gels is unsuitable for tests of homogeneity. However, as judged by sedimentation equilibrium in 6.5 M quanidine at pH 8.1, purified Con A was monodisperse. PMID- 7312835 TI - Purification and characterization of high molecular weight human pituitary prolactin. PMID- 7312836 TI - [State of reactivity in children with iron deficiency anemia according to the adrenaline test]. PMID- 7312837 TI - [Proliferative activity of differentiated bone marrow cells in children with aplastic anemia]. PMID- 7312838 TI - [Electron-histochemical and morphofunctional studies of human thrombocytes after intake of acetylsalicylic acid]. PMID- 7312839 TI - [Hemorrhagic diathesis induced by intake of anticoagulants of indirect action in hysteria]. PMID- 7312840 TI - [Step-by-step improvement of the form of reports of the blood service institutions]. PMID- 7312842 TI - [Iron metabolism in beta-thalassemia]. PMID- 7312841 TI - [Preparation of specific anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin]. PMID- 7312843 TI - [Clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in assessing its timely detection]. PMID- 7312844 TI - [Isoniazid pharmacokinetics in the combined chemotherapy of tuberculosis]. PMID- 7312845 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of antitubercular preparations in the caseous necrotic sites and foci of pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7312846 TI - [Organization of the early detection of tuberculosis among adolescents]. PMID- 7312847 TI - [Chemotherapy effectiveness using tuberculin, prodigiozan and pyrogenal in destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7312848 TI - [Indications for using antikinin preparations and blood kinin system activators in the combined treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 7312850 TI - [Focal vascular reaction in pulmonary tuberculosis to the subcutaneous tuberculin test]. PMID- 7312849 TI - [Side effects in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in different chemotherapy methods]. PMID- 7312851 TI - [Differential diagnostic method in emphysema and pneumosclerosis accompanying pulmonary tuberculosis and silicotuberculosis]. PMID- 7312852 TI - [Treatment organization and effectiveness with newly detected respiratory organ tuberculosis patients at machine-building plants]. PMID- 7312853 TI - [Immunodepressant study of the mechanisms of antitubercular immunity]. PMID- 7312854 TI - [Levamisole treatment of experimental tuberculosis]. PMID- 7312855 TI - [Effect of levamisole on the immunological reactivity of mice infected with tuberculosis]. PMID- 7312856 TI - [Determination of ethambutol in biological fluids]. PMID- 7312857 TI - [Differentiation diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and filariasis]. PMID- 7312859 TI - [Case of tuberculosis meningitis diagnosed using computerized tomography]. PMID- 7312858 TI - [Development of tuberculosis in a sequestral section of the lung]. PMID- 7312860 TI - [Emergency states in pulmonary tuberculosis reactivation]. PMID- 7312861 TI - [Combination of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis of the tongue]. PMID- 7312862 TI - [Characteristics of the treatment course and organization in chronic alcoholism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 7312863 TI - Endocrinological aspects of alcoholism. PMID- 7312864 TI - Prenatal effects of beverage alcohol on fetal growth. PMID- 7312865 TI - Fetal malnutrition: a possible cause of the fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - The effects of ethanol ingestion during pregnancy on total folate levels in fetal tissues and on the concentrations of free amino acids in fetal and maternal plasma were examined in the rat. No differences were observed between the ethanol fed and the control groups in total folates in fetal brain and liver. However, the concentration of fetal plasma histidine was reduced by 50% as a result of maternal ethanol consumption; the maternal plasma histidine level was not affected. It is suggested that fetal malnutrition in an essential amino acid, histidine, could impair fetal protein synthesis producing the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7312866 TI - Epididymal aldehyde dehydrogenase: a pharmacologic profile. AB - The in vivo effect of various agents, with different pharmacologic properties, on cytosolic EP-ALDH was studied in the rat. Injection of a large dose of PYZ inhibited EP-ALDH 16 h after the injection. Short-term administration of a moderate daily dosage of PYZ also inhibited endogenous EP-ALDH from saline controls. Semichronic administration of a small daily dosage of DIS resulted in inhibition of EP-ALDH. Short-term administration of drugs with various pharmacologic profile produced little change in the specific activity of EP-ALDH. This is compared with an induction and an inhibition of T-ALDH as a function of treatment with an antiandrogen and an estrogenic drug, respectively. The results show lack of response of EP-ALDH towards pharmacologic intervention which may imply certain specificity for EP-ALDH. PMID- 7312867 TI - Effect of ethanol upon placental uptake of amino acids. AB - The effect of ethanol infusion upon placental uptake of amino acids was studied in pregnant sheep. Blood ethanol levels of 150-260 mg/dl obliterated the normal uptake of amino acids by the in vivo placenta. However, when human placental villi were incubated in vitro with ethanol at 300 mg/dl, there was no inhibition of uptake of 14C alpha-amino isobutyric acid (AIB). In contrast, 2-20 mM, but not 50 or 200 micro M, acetaldehyde significantly inhibited AIB uptake (% inhibition at 90 min: 2 mM, 23.5 +/- 9.6%; 5 mM, 33.8 +/- 4.7%; 10 mM, 54.6 +/- 2.9%; 20 mM, 61.5 +/- 7.5%; p less than 0.01 for all 4 concentrations). When human placental villi were preincubated with 10 micro M acetaldehyde, washed, and incubated with 14C-AIB in the absence of acetaldehyde, there was significant residual inhibition of AIB uptake. The data suggest that ethanol-associated placental injury may contribute to the pathophysiology of the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 7312868 TI - Alcohol feeding alters (3H)dopamine uptake into rat cortical and brain stem synaptosomes. AB - The uptake of (3H)dopamine into nerve endings (synaptosomes) isolated from cortex and brain stem of rats under various stages of ethanol intoxication were studied. Acute or chronic ethanol treatment inhibited the high affinity uptake of dopamine into both regions by about 30% when rats were still under ethanol. The inhibition in brain stem persisted even after 120 h of withdrawal from ethanol. In cortex, 16 h after acute treatment, the uptake was slightly (about 10%) elevated from that of control in contrast to chronic rats, which were 43 and 41% more than that of the control after withdrawal from ethanol for 48 and 120 h, respectively. PMID- 7312870 TI - Functional implications of secondary structure analysis of wild type and mutant bacterial signal peptides. AB - The N-terminal extension found in the precursor form of many exported proteins in bacteria--the so called signal peptide--plays an essential role in the exportation process. Analysis of the secondary structure of several bacterial signal peptides by predictive methods shows that the predicted structures are essentially periodical and define a preferential axis. We assume that at least one step in export depends directly on the length of the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide measured along this axis. We call this parameter the Hydrophobic Axis Length or HAL. Examination of the available mutations located in bacterial signal peptides and blocking export permits us to define a minimum functional HAL value (the threshold HAL) under which little or no export occurs. A mutation of the lipoprotein signal peptide leaves an HaL above the threshold: this accounts readily for the fact that export of the protein is not strongly affected. The value calculated for the threshold HAL, ie, 18 A, corresponds to half the size of the lipid bilayer of the membrane. PMID- 7312869 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in liver disease. PMID- 7312871 TI - Control of hemopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation. AB - Hemopoietic populations offer by far the best available model systems for analyzing many aspects of the fundamental mechanisms controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Semisolid cloning systems of high plating efficiency exist for normal and leukemic hemopoietic populations, and in these culture systems both proliferation and differentiation occur under defined culture conditions. Furthermore, the various differentiated end cells differ so extremely in morphology, membrane markers, and functional activity that a wide variety of parameters is available for monitoring differentiation. For the erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage systems, specific progenitor cells can be stimulated to generate large clones of differentiating progeny using the purified glycoprotein regulators erythropoietin, GM-CSF, and M-CSF. Exploitation of these systems will provide information on the events leading to proliferation and differentiation that should have general relevance for many other cell systems. PMID- 7312872 TI - Erythropoietin and red cell differentiation. PMID- 7312874 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis in H-2K/D identical congenic strain combinations. AB - Eight H-2K/D identical congenic strain combinations were tested in cell-mediated lympholysis. The reaction pattern of selected mouse strains revealed unidirectional reactivity to Tla-linked antigens in six strain combinations, whereas in two strain combinations the loci coding for the target antigen could only tentatively be linked to H-2. The Tla-linked loci defined by the different strain combinations appear to be identical with the H-2T (Qa-1) locus. Typing of B10.W lines for the H-2T (Qa-1) locus revealed the presence of alleles that appear to be the same as those present in inbred strains, as well as alleles that are different from the inbred-defined alleles but that share some determinants with the latter. The H-2T (Qa-1) system thus appears to consist of a limited number of alleles, some of which are closely related and presumably similar in their genetic structure. PMID- 7312873 TI - The platelet-derived growth factor: a perspective. PMID- 7312875 TI - Random transitions and cell cycle control. AB - Differences between the cycle times of sister cells are exponentially distributed, which means that these differences can be explained entirely by the existence of a single critical step in the cell cycle which occurs at random. Cycle times as a whole are not exponentially distributed, indicating an additional source of variation in the cell cycle. It follows that this additional variation must affect sister cells identically; ie, sister cell cycle times are correlated. This correlation and the overall distribution of cycle times can be predicted quantitatively by a model that was developed initially in order to explain certain problematic features of the response of quiescent cells to mitogenic stimulation - in particular, the significance of the lag that almost invariably occurs between stimulation and the onset of DNA synthesis. This model proposes that each cell cycle depends not on one but two random transitions, one of which (at reasonably high growth rates) occurs in the mother cell, its effects being inherited equally by the two daughter cells. The fundamental timing element in the cell cycle is proposed to be a lengthy process, called L, which accounts for most of the lag on mitogenic stimulation and also for the minimum cycle time in growing cultures. One of the random transitions is concerned with the initiation of L, whereas the other becomes possible on completion of L. The latter transition has two consequences: the first is the initiation of a sequence of events which includes S, G2 and M; the second is the restoration of the state from which L may be initiated once more. As a result, L may begin (at random) at any stage of the conventional cycle, ie, S, G2, M, or G1. There are marked similarities between the hypothetical process L and the biogenesis of mitotic centres - the structures responsible for organising the spindle poles. PMID- 7312878 TI - Stress and coronary heart disease. PMID- 7312877 TI - Some new developments in genetic analysis of somatic mammalian cells. AB - The in vitro study of somatic cell genetics originally made possible a new approach to human genetics, which by passed the need for mating and thus permitted enormous expansion of the genetics of man and other mammals. More recently, by increasing the variety of cell mutants obtainable, by the production of hybrids containing single or small numbers of human chromosomes, by development of the immunogenetics of macromolecules in differentiated cell membranes, and by combining the techniques of somatic cell genetics with those of recombinant DNA, new approaches are available to the problem of regulation of mammalian gene expression. Experiments are presented offering the possibility of application of these techniques to human gene mapping, detection of mutagenic actions, identification of genes involved in differentiation, and a beginning of molecular understanding of the pathology of the aneuploid diseases. PMID- 7312876 TI - The T/t-complex in the mouse: mutations that impair differentiation. AB - The T/t-complex in the mouse contains multiple genetic factors, capable of independent mutation and separable by recombination, that affect specific events of differentiation during embryonic development and spermatogenesis. Morphological and serological as well as biochemical studies have suggested that t-mutations are associated directly or indirectly with abnormalities of the cell surface. Recent efforts to identify the molecular nature of theses abnormalities gives evidence for at least two different types of molecules associated with complex lethal t-haplotypes. One molecule, a non-glycosylated protein of 63,000 daltons, is a direct gene product specified in apparently the same mutant form by each of over 30 independent t-haplotypes examined that contain the mutant gene responsible for tail interaction. On the other hand, the serologically defined antigenic determinants that define specific lethal t-haplotypes have been shown to reside on different oligosaccharides. The implication of these data with respect to the arrangement and function of mutant factors within the T/t-complex will be discussed. PMID- 7312881 TI - Adoption studies of alcoholism. PMID- 7312879 TI - The age-dependence of disorders of aging: implications for studies of twins. PMID- 7312880 TI - Cancer in adult same-sexed twins: a historical cohort study. PMID- 7312882 TI - Reproductive immunology. PMID- 7312883 TI - Interfering effect of human IgG antisperm antibodies on human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs. PMID- 7312884 TI - Seminal immunoglobulins, autoagglutination in ejaculates, and infertility in men. PMID- 7312885 TI - Synthesis, acute toxicity, and approach of the structure acute toxicity relationship of some pharmacologically interesting N-(dialkylaminoalkyl) 2 methoxy benzenesulfonamides. PMID- 7312886 TI - [General method for the simulation of blood levels from dissolution data: II. Multiple doses]. PMID- 7312887 TI - [Enzymes as markers: transaminases]. PMID- 7312888 TI - [Dermatologic agents II]. PMID- 7312889 TI - Caffeine-induced stimulus control. AB - Six rats were trained to discriminate the effects of caffeine (60 mg/kg, pretreatment time: 1 hour) and saline in a two-lever choice task using a fixed ratio 10 schedule of water reinforcement. Stimulus control was assumed to be present when 80% or more of the first ten responses were appropriate for the treatment condition on each of five consecutive days. The mean number of sessions prior to the onset of criterion performance was 22 (SE = 3; range = 11--32). In trained subjects, doses of caffeine of 30, 10, and 3 mg/kg were followed by a progressively smaller proportion of responses on the caffeine-appropriate lever. Stimulus control by caffeine began to diminish about four hours after administration and was completely absent after 24 hours. The caffeine cue generalized partially to d-amphetamine and completely to aminophylline. Neither pizotyline nor spiperone antagonized stimulus control induced by caffeine. PMID- 7312890 TI - Activity responses to morphine and amphetamine in rats with elevated NE levels in the pons. AB - The catecholaminergic basis of the stimulant actions of amphetamine and morphine was investigated in adult rats treated neonatally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to produce depletion of cortical catecholamines and marked elevation of norepinephrine in the pons. On days 3, 5, 7 and 9 after birth, rat pups were injected bilaterally in the lateral ventricles with 100, 200, or 400 micrograms of 6-OHDA, dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A control group was injected with the CSF vehicle. The capacity of amphetamine (2 mg/kg) and morphine (1.25, 2.5, and 3.5 mg/kg) to produce behavioral stimulant effects was then subsequently tested in adults. The stimulant effect of amphetamine was attenuated in animals pretreated with 100 and 200 micrograms 6-OHDA and was blocked in those treated with 400 micrograms 6-OHDA. The stimulant effects obtained with morphine were blocked by all 6-OHDA doses (100 and 200 micrograms). For morphine, no tests were made in the 400 micrograms 6-OHDA group on the basis of results obtained in animals pretreated with the lower doses of 6-OHDA. These results are discussed in terms of differing roles played by the catecholamine systems in the production of behavioral stimulation. PMID- 7312891 TI - Peripherally administered serotonin decreases food intake in rats. AB - We report that intraperitoneal injection of serotonin produces a dose-related decrease in the food intake of hungry rats. The efficacy of serotonin was increased by prior treatment with clorgyline, a type A monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Doses of serotonin which were anorectic did not significantly impair locomotor activity or sensorimotor performance. Further, 2 mg/kg serotonin (ED50 on food intake) did not produce a conditioned taste aversion when paired repeatedly with sucrose ingestion. We conclude that the anorectic effects of serotonin are not secondary to nonspecific effects of the agent, and suggest that peripheral serotonin may play a role in normal satiation. PMID- 7312892 TI - Consumption of intoxicating beverages by rats and mice exhibiting high and low preferences for ethanol. AB - Lines of rats selectively bred for alcohol consumption or avoidance (AA and ANA, ALKO, Finland) as well as inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6J and DBA/2J) and common female Wistar rats (Charles River) exhibiting high and low preferences for ethanol were tested under free-choice conditions for their consumption of solutions of ethanol (5, 10, or 15 g/100 ml tap water), sodium pentobarbital (0.19, 0.038, 0.076 g/100 ml tap water), and different beverages containing ethanol in the range of 8.1--9.6% (red and white wine, Scotch, ethanol in Hawaiian Punch). The Wistar rats and the mice classified as alcohol-preferring also tended to consume more of the pentobarbital solution than did alcohol avoiding animals. Alcohol-nonaccepting (ANA) rats, however, consumed considerably more of all three pentobarbital solutions than did the alcohol-accepting (AA) rats. The intake of pentobarbital by the ANA rats and C57/BL/6J mice was in the range of 25--40 mg/kg/day, quantities that might be expected to produce pharmacological effects discriminable by those animals. The intake of ethanol by ANA rats was markedly elevated when the ethanol was contained in white wine or in punch. PMID- 7312893 TI - The effects of pimozide and of reward omission on fixed-interval behavior of rats maintained by food and electrical brain stimulation. AB - Pimozide (0.125 to 2.0 mg/kg) was administered to rats whose behavior was maintained by a fixed-interval schedule in which the reward was either food (Experiment 1) or electrical stimulation of the brain (Experiment 2). The effects of the drug were compared with the effects of withholding reward (i.e., extinction) in both experiments. Reward omission and administration of pimozide both resulted in decreases in overall rates of responding and increases in the time taken by the subjects to complete a specified number of fixed-intervals. The typical patterning of responding during the sessions of reward omission was also characteristic of the effects of pimozide with food reward but not with brain stimulation reward. The duration of trains of brain stimulation which was under the control of the subjects in Experiment 2, was not altered by administration of pimozide. The differences between the effects of pimozide on behavior maintained by intermittent food reward or by intermittent brain stimulation reward limits a global interpretation of the effects of neuroleptics. PMID- 7312894 TI - Pituitary-adrenal responses to sub-chronic treatment with phenobarbital and/or phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) in rats. AB - The response of the pituitary-adrenal axis of the male rat to sub-chronic dose treatment with phenobarbital and/or phenytoin under basal and stress conditions was investigated. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured in rats sacrificed either in the morning or in the afternoon, subjected or not to 2 hours of immobilization stress. Phenobarbital did not seem to significantly affect the pituitary-adrenal activity under basal conditions or in the response to stress. Phenytoin induced a disruption of the corticosterone diurnal variation present in the rat under basal conditions and seemed to partially inhibit the pituitary adrenal response to stress when applied in the morning. The combined treatment with phenobarbital and phenytoin affected the afternoon rise in corticosterone levels present under basal conditions, as well as stress response at the same time of the day. The reported results agree with the hypothesis about the existence of mechanisms controlling ACTH release under basal conditions, dissociable from those controlling ACTH release in response to stress situations, and that phenytoin could influence some or others differently, depending on the animal's endocrine situation. PMID- 7312895 TI - Behavioural effects of etiracetam in rats. AB - The effects of etiracetam, a structural analogue of piracetam, were investigated in rats on Y-maze discrimination acquisition, on open field behaviour, on one trial passive avoidance learning and on shuttlebox acquisition and extinction. The results indicate that this drug significantly enhances acquisition and may improve retention without having any detectable effects on spontaneous behaviour, not even in very high doses (500 mg/kg IP). Sensitivity to footshock, measured as "flinch" thresholds, was not altered by etiracetam in doses of 25 or 100 mg/kg IP. For a shuttlebox task the effective dose-range lies between 20--30 mg/kg IP, provided pretreatment during 4 days is given. Without pretreatment, i.e. when the drug is only administered during the relatively fast acquisition in the shuttlebox, it was found that acquisition was not enhanced, but extinction of the acquired behaviour was significantly inhibited. The effects of etiracetam can be found at lower dose-levels than with piracetam and also in tests (passive avoidance, shuttlebox) in which piracetam has no or only marginal effects. PMID- 7312896 TI - Intracerebral administration of naloxone and drinking in water-deprived rats. AB - In 24-hr water-deprived rats, naloxone, at various doses (0, 12.5, 25, 50 micrograms/rat), was administered prior to a 15-min drinking period. Infusions were made bilaterally into each lateral ventricle, frontal cortex, lateral preoptic area, lateral hypothalamus, and caudate nucleus. Naloxone reliably reduced water consumption at 50 micrograms/rat when infused into the lateral ventricles and lateral hypothalamic areas. When comparable doses of naloxone were given by peripheral injection, no effect on drinking was observed. There appeared to be a trend developing for greater sensitivity to naloxone when infusions were made into a particular part of the hypothalamus. These data support the idea that naloxone reduces drinking by acting at central opiate receptors. PMID- 7312897 TI - Genetic influences on cholinergic drug response. AB - Three mouse strains were tested for oxotremorine effects on open-field activity and body temperature. Open-field activity was depressed less severely in C3H mice than in C57BL, which were less affected than DBA. While no differences in the hypothermic effects of oxotremorine were observed 15 min after injection, the time courses of the drug effect on body temperature indicated that C3H were less affected than C57BL or DBA. No differences in the activities of acetylcholinesterase of choline acetyltransferase were found among the three strains in cortex, cerebellum, hindbrain (pons-medulla), or total midbrain. While no differences in muscarinic receptor levels were found in the four large brain areas, finer dissection of the midbrain revealed small differences in total receptor number in striatum, hippocampus, and remaining midbrain areas. C3H mice exhibited greater QNB binding than C57BL and DBA mice in striatum; DBA mice exhibited greater QNB binding in hippocampus than C57BL (C3H mice were not different from either strain); and C57BL had less QNB binding than the other two strains in midbrain. All of these differences were small (20% or less). No differences in KD were observed. The inhibition of receptor binding by either oxotremorine or nicotine was the same in all strains, but the IC50 for oxotremorine varied from region to region. While behavioral differences in the effects of oxotremorine are clear, there is no obvious biochemical explanation for these differences. PMID- 7312898 TI - Behavioral effects of deanol, of hemicholinium and of their interaction. AB - The present experiments were designed to study behavioral effects of two chemicals, which have opposite influences on the cholinergic neurotransmitter system, and of their interaction. It has been proposed that deanol is a direct precursor of acetylcholine (ACh) in brain and may enhance cholinergic transmission, while hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) acts to decrease ACh synthesis. Rats served as subjects. Doses of the drugs were based on results of earlier experiments; all were injected cerebroventricularly. The six treatment groups were: saline only; HC-3 (10 micrograms); HC-3 (10 micrograms) + deanol (1 microgram); HC-3 (10 micrograms) + deanol (10 micrograms); deanol (1 microgram); and deanol (10 micrograms). Behaviors measured were: reactivity to visual and tactile stimuli; resistance to capture and handling, vocalization, muscular tension; reactivity to non-contingent aversive stimulation; and, shock-induced defence reaction. With the exception of the defence reaction, all behaviors showed significant effects between the various drug treatments: deanol had no significant effect on the behaviors; animals receiving HC-3 only clearly showed responses which were enhanced above the levels of any of the other treatment groups; deanol had a dose-dependent effect of suppressing HC-3 enhanced behavior. The present results are consistent with the generalization that decreased cholinergic activity is associated with hyper-reactivity, and increased cholinergic activity with hyporeactivity. They indicate that the behavioral effects of deanol are dependent upon the state of the cholinergic system, interacting in combination with HC-3 but not alone. PMID- 7312899 TI - Increased urination following p-chloroamphetamine. AB - Para-chloramphetamine (PCA) is a drug whose long-term and short-term neurochemical and behavioral effects have received considerable attention. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether PCA produces acute urination, defecation, and body weight changes similar to that seen following various amphetamine derivatives. Following baseline test sessions, rats were administered either 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg of PCA or saline. Results indicated increased urination at some doses tested. Increased defecation, salivation, locomotor activities, and body weight losses were also observed. These data are discussed in terms of possible CNS or peripheral mechanisms of action. PMID- 7312901 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of a novel anorectic agent, (--)-threo chlorocitric acid. AB - (--)-threo-Chlorocitric acid, a novel and potent anorectic agent in rats and dogs, decreased food intake to a comparable extent in rats fed chow, low fat, or high fat diets. This inhibition of food intake was not the result of conditioned aversion. Unlike (--)-threo-hydroxycitric acid, a structurally related compound which inhibits fatty acid synthesis, (--)-threo-chlorocitric acid did not suppress fatty acid synthesis in an isolated hepatocyte system or in vivo. (--) threo-Chlorocitric acid significantly delayed the rate of gastric emptying. Of the four stereoisomers of chlorocitric acid, (--)-threo-chlorocitric acid was the most active both in delaying gastric emptying and producing anorexia in rats. It is suggested that the mechanism by which (--)-threo-chlorocitric acid may suppress food intake is through a reduction of gastric emptying. PMID- 7312900 TI - (--)-threo-Chlorocitric acid: a novel anorectic agent. AB - A new class of peripherally acting anorectics is described in these studies. The four stereoisomers of chlorocitric acid which are structurally similar to the known anorectic, (--)-threo-hydroxycitric acid, all suppressed food intake when administered at high doses to rats. Only one of these isomers, (--)-threo chlorocitric acid, retained its anorectic activity at lower doses. The anorectic potency of (--)-threo-chlorocitric acid was approximately 40-fold greater in dogs than in lean and obese rats. The decreased food intake in rats resulted in a significant reduction of body lipid, without affecting protein levels. In contrast to the tolerance which was observed with the continued administration of mazindol or diethylpropion, tolerance to the anorectic effect of (--)-threo chlorocitric acid did not develop. These studies suggest that (--)-threo chlorocitric acid might be useful as an antiobesity agent. PMID- 7312902 TI - Naloxone reduces fluid intake in rats with open gastric fistulas. AB - Water-deprived rats, fixed with chronically indwelling gastric fistulas, drank with the fistulas open (sham drinking) for 20 min. The subjects were given three doses of naloxone (0.0, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg, SC) 15 min before the opportunity to sham drink. The mean water intakes on days of 0.0, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg of naloxone were 43.3, 36.3 and 23.1 g, respectively. Naloxone clearly reduced fluid intake in rats engaged in sham drinking. This finding, that naloxone reduces fluid intake when post-ingestional absorption is prevented, lends support to the idea that naloxone modified central neural regulatory processes. The results of these experiments do not support the hypothesis that the endorphins are involved exclusively with drive-reduction. PMID- 7312903 TI - Relationship between caffeine discrimination and caffeine plasma levels. AB - Rats, trained to discriminate 32 mg/kg caffeine from saline in a two-lever operant task, were tested for the presence of caffeine-appropriate lever responding at various intervals after the intraperitoneal injection of 32 mg/kg caffeine. Following completion of all behavioral tests, caffeine plasma levels were determined in the same animals at the same intervals after caffeine administration. After injection, both caffeine levels and caffeine-appropriate responding showed rapid increases followed by a differential decline. PMID- 7312904 TI - Use of operant response duration to distinguish the effects of haloperidol from nonreward. AB - Prior experimentation, making exclusive use of operant response rate, has offered conflicting evidence regarding the role of reinforcement and motor effects in neuroleptic-induced changes in operant responding. In the present work, response rate and response duration were recorded for 12 rats responding under a fixed ratio 10 schedule of food reinforcement. On six consecutive days separate groups of animals were given haloperidol or saline-with-extinction. Although both drug treatment and extinction produced elevated durations compared to pre-treatment baseline, the haloperidol group exhibited response durations that were significantly higher than those of the no-drug-extinction group. In view of these results, and since prior work has shown that response duration provides information which is nonredundant with response rate, it is suggested that response duration may be a valuable tool in future work attempting to partial out the motivational and motor effects of neuroleptics on operant responding. PMID- 7312905 TI - Short-term memory: the role of d-amphetamine. AB - d-Amphetamine injections produce a dose-dependent disruption of performance within a discrete delayed alternation and a spatial delayed matching-to-sample task. Since d-amphetamine in the doses used had no deleterious effects on discrimination performance (no delay condition), it is suggested that d amphetamine disrupts neuronal activity representing short-term memory. The data provide support for an independence model of short- and long-term memory. PMID- 7312906 TI - Naltrexone and the tail flick reflex. AB - Rats who received a tail flick test following repeated injections of 5 mg/kg of morphine were significantly more tolerant than rats who were not tested after each injection. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg of naltrexone hydrochloride, prior to the morphine injections, prevented the development of tolerance, increased analgesic latencies and abolished the difference between tested and nontested animals. PMID- 7312907 TI - Serotonergic and dopaminergic effects of yawning in the cat. AB - The serotonergic agents LSD (0.01-0.05 mg/kg) and lisuride (0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg) elicited a high frequency of limb flicking in the cat after IP doses; LSD, but not lisuride, elicited a significantly increased frequency of yawning as well. In combination, LSD plus lisuride (0.025 mg/kg each) gave additive frequencies of limb flicking, but the frequency of yawning was half that after LSD alone. The dopamine agonist apomorphine had no significant effect on either yawning or limb flicking over the dose range 0.006 to 3.2 mg/kg. Pretreatment of cats with 1.0 mg/kg of apomorphine (but not with 0.05 mg/kg) significantly reduced the frequency of yawning elicited by 0.01 or 0.025 mg/kg of LSD, but had no effect on limb flicking. The dopamine antagonist haloperidol had no effect on limb flicking at doses from 0.008 to 0.512 mg/kg, but produced a significantly increased frequency of yawning at 0.256 mg/kg, an effect antagonized by lisuride administration. Given that lisuride has more potent dopamine agonist properties than LSD, these results are consistent with serotonergic elicitation of yawning, dopaminergic inhibition of yawning, and with their concomitant interaction in the expression of drug-induced yawning in the cat. The behavioral pharmacologies of limb flicking and yawning are different in this species. PMID- 7312908 TI - Brain concentrations of phenobarbital and behavioral activation or depression. AB - Brain concentrations of phenobarbital and its effects on locomotor activity and lever responding for food reinforcement were determined at several intervals following injections into C57BL/6J mice. Phenobarbital either elevated or depressed both types of behavior depending on dose and time after injection. Excitation was noted at times and doses when brain concentration was 9 micrograms 11.5 micrograms/g tissue. Depression was initially noted at approximately 20 micrograms/g tissue. Lever responding was altered when brain concentrations of the drug were lower than those associated with corresponding effects on locomotor activity. Excitatory and depressive effects were most extensive when basal response rates were moderate or high respectively. Hence, whether phenobarbital is excitatory or depressive depends on a complex interaction of brain concentration, rate of ongoing behavior and the stimulus conditions maintaining the behavior. PMID- 7312909 TI - Strain dependent effects of the enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 on locomotor activity in mice. AB - Administration of the enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 was followed in the DBA/2 (DBA) strain by dose related depressant effects which, after the injection of 40 mg/kg, were still present 6 hrs after treatment; on the contrary, in the C57BL/6 (C57) strain, activity levels were enhanced by treatment, except for the dose of 40 mg/kg, which induced a short lasting behavioral stimulation followed by activity depression and catatonia and later on again by behavioral stimulation. All the effects of FK were naloxone reversible. Cross tolerance between FK and morphine was moreover observed both as concerns the excitatory effects (C57 strain) and the depressant effects (DBA strain) evident following their acute administration. The results are discussed in terms of differences in type, number and/or distribution of the receptors responsible, in the two strains, for the behavioral responses to opiate administration. PMID- 7312910 TI - Heroin and morphine: aversive and analgesic effects in rats. AB - Although a number of studies demonstrate morphine-induced taste aversions, no such reports exist for heroin. In a conventional taste aversion paradigm, rats were injected with one of six heroin doses (0.5-12.0 mg/kg) after consuming a novel saccharin solution (Experiment 1). When the saccharin was reintroduced a second time no significant reduction in consumption occurred at any of the doses tested. It was therefore concluded that heroin does not readily induce a taste aversion. In Experiment 2, morphine was tested in an identical taste aversion paradigm and, as expected, a significant taste aversion did result at two of the doses tested. Experiment 3 demonstrated that heroin produced analgesia equal to or greater than morphine when comparing dosages of heroin which failed to induce a CTA with CTA-inducing morphine dosages. Thus, whereas heroin is more potent than morphine as an analgesic, heroin is less potent than morphine as a CTA inducing agent. PMID- 7312911 TI - Antagonism of estrogen-induced lordosis by corticosterone in adrenalectomized ovariectomized female rats and mice. AB - Previous experimentation has established that adrenalectomy can facilitate lordosis in ovariectomized estrogen-primed female rats. Experiment 1 examined the role of adrenal steroids in this effect, the results indicating an attenuation with chronic corticosterone but not with desoxycorticosterone or progesterone administration. Experiment 2 established a dose-response curve for this corticosterone effect. Experiments 3 and 4 indicated that corticosterone administration inhibits lordosis when it precedes estrogen administration. Experiment 5 demonstrated that corticosterone also inhibits estrogen-induced lordosis in mice. These data suggest that corticosterone may modulate estrogen mediated behavior in rodents. PMID- 7312912 TI - Differential effects of drug treatments on nose-poke and bar-press self stimulation. AB - To assess the possibility of dissociating drug-induced gross performance deficits from effects on brain stimulation reward, the nose-poke and bar-press operants were systematically compared. Pentobarbital and methocarbamol (a muscle relaxant) reduced bar-pressing more strongly than nose-poking. In contrast, clonidine and haloperidol, which disrupt noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission respectively, had no differential effect on these operants. The nose-poke operant appears less vulnerable to drug-induced gross motor impairment and may be more suitable for pharmacological studies of self-stimulation. PMID- 7312913 TI - Development of opiate tolerance in the chick embryo. AB - Tolerance to morphine was produced in the chick embryo. Eggs were injected with morphine sulfate (MS) (20 mg/kg egg) or H2O daily starting on incubation day 12. On day 16, embryo activities were recorded and eggs were injected with either MS or naloxone. Activity of H2O-pretreated controls decreased after both MS and naloxone. Embryos treated with MS from incubation days 12-15 showed no activity change after morphine and responded to naloxone with increases in activity. Baseline rates of distress vocalizations (DV) of 1-2 day old chicks were not affected by MS pretreatment during incubation days 12-19. However, 1 mg/kg MS decreased the rate of DV of control chicks by 90% whereas MS-pretreated chicks were unaffected. At age 4-5 days, the baseline rate of DV and rate after MS were higher in MS-pretreated chicks. However, all chicks showed significant decreases in rate of DV after MS injection. Naloxone increased the rate of DV of paired 1-2 day old chicks, but response of MS-pretreated chicks was significantly greater than controls. PMID- 7312914 TI - Facilitation of kindling by convulsions induced by cocaine or lidocaine but not pentylenetetrazol. AB - The effect of drug-induced convulsions on kindling was studied in male Long-Evans rats. In Experiment 1 rats experienced a single convulsion induced by the intravenous infusion of cocaine, lidocaine, or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), or received a control infusion of saline. Beginning eight days later all animals were kindled by daily stimulation of the olfactory bulb. Animals which had been convulsed by cocaine or lidocaine kindled significantly faster than either saline controls or PTZ-convulsed animals, which did not differ significantly. Experiment 2 was conducted to determine if an effect of PTZ on kindling could be obtained with repeated convulsions. Rats experienced three convulsions induced by cocaine or PTZ at 72 hr intervals, or control infusions of saline. Kindling began on the eighth day after the last infusion. Cocaine-convulsed animals again kindled significantly faster than saline or PTZ-convulsed animals, which did not differ significantly. The cocaine animals also had significantly longer afterdischarges than the saline group at the end of kindling and when stimulated again 21 days after kindling was completed. These results suggest that the facilitating effect of cocaine-induced convulsions is not a general property of all convulsants but is a more specific effect which is apparently shared by other local anesthetics. PMID- 7312918 TI - A simple intravenous catheter for use with a cranial pedestal in the rat. AB - A catheter design and implantation technique are described which permit the repeated infusion of drugs into the external jugular vein of the rat. The catheter is designed specifically for use when electrode implantation or other surgery requires the construction of a cranial pedestal from dental acrylic. The speed and simplicity of the catheter's construction and implantation are advantageous, and it performs reliably for several months after implantation. PMID- 7312915 TI - The effects of pentobarbital upon auditory and visual thresholds in the baboon. AB - Adult male baboons were trained to perform a reaction time procedure, which required holding a lever depressed for varying time intervals and releasing it during a 1.5 sec test stimulus to receive food. The test stimulus was a 16 kHz tone for auditory threshold testing, and a white light for visual threshold testing. Stimulus intensities were randomly varied to determine detection thresholds, and the latency of each correct lever release was recorded as a measure of reaction time. Acute, IM injections of pentobarbital (1.0 to 17.0 mg/kg) were given at the beginning of 2-hr experimental sessions. Pentobarbital elevated the absolute visual threshold and increased both auditory and visual reaction times in a dose-related manner. Two of three baboons showed reaction time and visual threshold decrements at pentobarbital doses which produced no change in absolute auditory thresholds. PMID- 7312917 TI - The effect of ethanol on wheel running in rats. AB - Rats were given IP injections of ethanol at 0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg. Their activity in running wheels was recorded for one hour post-injection. Ethanol at 800 and 1200 mg/kg depressed running. This effect was greatest during the first 15 min post-injection when activity levels were highest in the nondrugged condition. No evidence of an ethanol-produced increase in running was seen. The monotonic, dose-related activity decrement with no biphasic effect from ethanol in wheel running is similar to some reports of this drug's effect on rats in other paradigms, such as food-motivated operant responding and spontaneous motor activity. PMID- 7312916 TI - Effects of phencyclidine, d-amphetamine and pentobarbital on schedule-controlled behavior in rats. AB - The effects of phencyclidine, d-amphetamine, and pentobarbital on responding maintained under a multiple fixed-interval (FI) 3-min fixed-ratio (FR) 30 schedule of food presentation were studied in rats. Phencyclidine (0.32-7.5 mg/kg) had a biphasic effect on overall response rate in both components; response rate increased and then decreased as the dose was increased. The FR was slightly more sensitive to the rate-decreasing effects of phencyclidine than the FI. The effects of d-amphetamine (0.1-7.5 mg/kg) on overall response rate were qualitatively similar to those of phencyclidine. The FI tended to be slightly more sensitive than the FR to the rate-increasing effects of d-amphetamine. Pentobarbital (1-18 mg/kg) produced little or no rate-increasing effects in the FR at low doses and decreased FR response rate at higher doses. In the FI, pentobarbital produced small increases in overall rate at intermediate doses while decreasing response rate at higher doses. The FR tended to be more sensitive than the FI to the rate-decreasing effects of pentobarbital. Unlike d amphetamine and pentobarbital, phencyclidine produced smaller rate-increasing effects when the dose-effect curves were redetermined. Within the FI, the effects of phencyclidine and d-amphetamine on response rate were generally independent of the control rate of responding. PMID- 7312919 TI - Conditioned gustatory avoidance induced by three cholinergic agents. AB - Conditioned gustatory avoidance of sweetened condensed milk was induced in rats by drugs which differentially affect the cholinergic nervous system. After baseline water intake during a 15 minute daily session was established, sweetened condensed milk was presented in place of water, followed 15 minutes later by an IP injection of saline, physostigmine (0.5 mg/kg), atropine (25 mg/kg) or mecamylamine (25 mg/kg). Three presentations of milk were given, alternating daily with a water presentation. Atropine, a muscarinic blocker, and mecamylamine, a nicotinic blocker, both produced a strong avoidance. Physostigmine, an indirect agonist, produced a less pronounced avoidance at the dose employed. This study indicates that cholinergic agonists and antagonists are capable of inducing conditioned gustatory avoidance. PMID- 7312920 TI - [HPLC of trapidil (Rocornal) and metabolites (author's transl)]. AB - Trapidil (1; Rocornal) and 10 metabolites can be separated by a gradient technique on reversed phases (RP-8 instant columns) using the eluents methanol/water and acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (pH = 5.4); ultraviolet detection. Furthermore, HPLC techniques for purity testing and for determining 1 in serum are described. PMID- 7312921 TI - [The effect of the gas permeability of plastics on the stability of thiomersal. Part 49: Contributions to problems concerning the use of plastic receptacles for liquid pharmaceuticals (author's transl)]. AB - Our studies have shown that the considerable losses of Thiomersal contained in low-density polyethylene bottles are not attributable, as suggested in the literature, to a sorption of this preserving agent. Intact Thiomersal is not sorbed by low-density polyethylene; on the contrary, the good permeability of this packing material to gas, especially oxygen, accelerates the degradation of Thiomersal. Furthermore, the ethylmercury resulting from this degradation is able to permeate through low-density polyethylene by which a displacement of the reaction equilibrium takes place in favour of the degradation products, and the degradation of Thiomersal is accelerated. The mechanism of the degradation of Thiomersal in the presence of oxygen was elucidated. PMID- 7312923 TI - Influence of high fat diet on GI absorption of griseofulvin tablets in man. AB - A controlled crossover study was carried out on five volunteers to substantiate reported effects of fat intake on the bioavailability of griseofulvin. The urinary excretion of 6-demethylgriseofulvin was monitored for 24 h following the administration of 125-mg griseofulvin tablets in the fasting state and after a fatty diet. Statistical analysis of excretion data indicated a significant increase in both rate and extent of absorption of griseofulvin as a result of fat intake. Excretion rate profiles obtained permitted insight into mechanisms possibly involved in the observed drug-diet interaction. PMID- 7312922 TI - Investigation into raw potato bits as a basic material for the formulation of prolonged action coated beads. AB - Raw potato bits were prepared and were successfully coated with different coating materials to achieve prolonged action. Likewise three sets of different coated beads were prepared. The in vitro release of the drug was studied in different pH media. The release of the drug was found to be quite uniform and consistent throughout the period of dissolution. PMID- 7312924 TI - Interaction between indometacin and beta-cyclodextrin. AB - CHINOIN-137 consists of indometacin and beta-cyclodextrin in a 1 : 2 molar ratio. solid phase analytical techniques, as thermal analysis, mass spectrometry and X ray powder diffraction do not support the existence of a well-defined crystalline complex. However this product dissolved in water more readily and results in a higher indometacin concentration than indometacin itself. The formation of an inclusion complex with a reasonable stability in aqueous solution was proved by diffusion tests and chiroptical properties. Following oral administration of CHINOIN-137 to rats, higher blood levels (by about 25%) of indometacin can be achieved than with the uncomplexed drug. A significant difference was observed in the absorption of 14C-labelled indometacin and its cyclodextrin complex by "in loco" techniques in the small intestines of anaesthetized rats: from indometacin 56%, from the complex 68% of the activity was resorbed within 10 min. PMID- 7312925 TI - [Pharmacological characterization of novel pyridazines. Part 1: Physicochemical parameters, acute toxicity and action on the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - The author determined the distribution coefficients (in n-octanol/water) and the RM values (thin-layer chromatographically, using two solvent systems) of 17 newly synthetized pyridazines. These determinations evidenced that the majority of these compounds are relatively polar. Altogether the acute toxicity of the compounds under investigation may be regarded as weak, because LD50 values could be determined for only 10 of the orally applied 17 pyridazines. The characteristic features of acute toxicity caused by high doses of the compounds under investigation were a stimulation of the central nervous system associated with convulsions or a depressant action on the central nervous system. The screening tests performed to date do not permit to classify the compounds under investigation into defined groups of substances action on the central nervous system. In conjunction with data from the literature, the possible mechanisms of the attack of these novel pyridazines on the central nervous system are discussed. PMID- 7312926 TI - [The elevation of the leucocyte and thrombocyte counts produced by a thyme extract in the peripheral blood as compared to that caused by 2-cyanoethylurea (author's transl)]. AB - A thyme extract, the preparation of which is described, produced a considerable stimulation of leucopoiesis and also an elevation of the thrombocyte count in the blood. In a comparative trial, the immunopotentiator 2-cyanoethylurea (BA1-4) has been found to be even more effective. The elevation of the leucocyte count is of importance not only to the various possibilities of immunostimulation, but also directly, in connexion with an elevation of the thrombocyte count, to the tumour damaging process in the cancer multistage therapy, due to the promotion of the selective haemostasis set up on this occasion in the tumour tissue. The activation of immunological processes by intensive variants of the oxygen multistage therapy (O2-MT) increases in particular the efficiency of immunopotentiators so the latter should be used, in connexion with O2-MT, in any cancer therapy. PMID- 7312927 TI - [Preparation of eye drops with zinc sulphate and adrenaline (author's transl)]. AB - The preparation of stable composed eye drops with epinephrine, zinc sulfate and procaine was studied. It was proved that the preparation using Adrenalnum solutum Spofa does not guarantee sufficient stability. It follows from the results that the stability of eye drops can be prolonged from 2 or 3 d to 1 month by the addition of 0.05% L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine and sodium metabisulfite respectively. PMID- 7312928 TI - Organotin concentrations in liver, spleen and thymus of rats after a single administration of di-n-octyltin dichloride. PMID- 7312929 TI - Effects of 2,3-dioxoindoline on a behavioral syndrome after tryptamine in pargyline-treated mice. PMID- 7312930 TI - [Importance of tablet geometry to tablet strength]. PMID- 7312931 TI - [Germ content of demineralized water after peracetic acid treatment of ion exchangers of the Wofatit type]. PMID- 7312932 TI - [Thiocyanate determination in sera precipitated and preserved by trichloroacetic acid]. PMID- 7312933 TI - Quantitative structure-toxicity relationships applied to grayanotoxins. PMID- 7312934 TI - Diazepam kinetics in relation to age and sex. AB - 27 male volunteers aged 20 to 91 years, and 13 female volunteers aged 21 to 33 years, received single 5 to 10 mg doses of diazepam intravenously. Diazepam pharmacokinetics were determined from concentrations measured in multiple plasma samples drawn during 7 days after each dose. Diazepam elimination half-life among males (mean: 66 h) increased significantly with age (r = 0.53, p less than 0.005). Volume of distribution (mean: 1.39 liters/kg) also increased significantly with age (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). Clearance of total diazepam in males (mean: 0.42 ml/min/kg) tended to decline with age (r = 0.32), but the association was of borderline significance (p = 0.1). Diazepam was extensively bound to plasma protein, with a mean free fraction among male subjects of 1.34%. Free fraction tended to increase with age (r = 0.14). Correction of volume of distribution and clearance for individual differences in binding did not alter the conclusions. Compared to young males, young females had larger volumes of distribution (1.87 vs. 1.34 liters/kg) and higher total clearance (0.63 vs. 0.49 ml/min/kg). These differences were even greater after correction for sex-related changes in protein binding. Elimination half-life did not differ between sexes. Since both age and sex can influence diazepam disposition, both should be considered as independent variables in studies of diazepam pharmacokinetics. PMID- 7312935 TI - Mechanisms of anti-bronchoconstrictive effects of eprozinol. II. In vivo studies on the guinea pig. AB - The possible interactions of the anti-asthmatic compound, eprozinol, with bronchoconstrictors and adrenergic agents were investigated in the anaesthetised guinea pig by means of the following techniques: (1) study of the inhibition of histamine- and serotonin-induced bronchospasm; (2) investigation of potentiation or antagonism between the anti-bronchoconstrictor effects of eprozinol and isoprenaline; (3) investigation of propranolol-induced blockade of the anti bronchoconstrictor effects of eprozinol and several reference compounds. In the anaesthetised guinea pig, eprozinol (5 mge . kg-1), isoprenaline (2 micrograms . kg-1) and theophylline (15 mg . kg-1) administered intravenously cause a clear inhibition of the bronchospasm induced by intravenous perfusion of histamine or serotonin, with an intensity not significantly different for all three compounds. The anti-bronchoconstrictor activities of eprozinol and isoprenaline with regard to histamine are directly additive and show absolutely no interference with one another. Propranolol is without effect on in vivo anti-bronchoconstrictor activity of eprozinol on tracheal musculature. It is concluded that the mechanisms brought into play by eprozinol to exert anti-bronchoconstrictor and bronchorelaxant activity, are completely independent of the adrenergic system. PMID- 7312936 TI - Assay of catecholamines on the isolated transverse stomach strip of the rabbit. AB - Isolated transverse stomach strip of the rabbit was contracted by low concentrations (10(-10) M) of noradrenaline and adrenaline. The contractions were competitively inhibited by phentolamine. Other agonists, such as acetylcholine, histamine, 5-HT, angiotensin II, bradykinin and PGF2 alpha also caused contractions which could be blocked by their specific antagonists. This smooth muscle preparation was more sensitive to noradrenaline and adrenaline than to the other agonists used. Dopamine also produced a contraction when higher concentrations (above 10(-5) M) were used. No tachyphylaxis or spontaneous rhythmicity was observed to repeated application of noradrenaline and adrenaline. It is concluded that rabbit transverse stomach strip could be useful preparation for the bioassay of these catecholamines. PMID- 7312938 TI - Chronic starvation impairs the effect of depressant drugs on CNS of rats. AB - Rats starved for 70 days, i.e. receiving 60% of food ingested by control rats, showed a shortened sleeping time after ethanol and pentobarbital and a reduction of the catatonic response to haloperidol. Conversely, acute 24 h food deprivation increased barbiturate and ethanol sleeping time but did not effect the catatogenic action of haloperidol. PMID- 7312937 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant determination in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorous detection: application to single-dose pharmacokinetic studies. AB - A method with adequate sensitivity (to 0.50-0.75 mg/ml) for single-dose pharmacokinetic studies which utilizes gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection for tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and doxepin) is described. A basic (pH 13) extraction with acid back-wash and subsequent basic reextraction is used for plasma sample preparation. Standard curves, using clomipramine as the internal standard, are linear for concentrations from 1 to 200 ng/ml for all tricyclic antidepressants. Applicability of the method is demonstrated by a pharmacokinetic study in a normal volunteer who received 12.5 mg imipramine hydrochloride i.v. PMID- 7312940 TI - Cardiovascular effects of dihydroergotamine during epidural anaesthesia in dogs. AB - The haemodynamic changes during epidural anaesthesia and following the administration of dihydroergotamine (DHE; 10 micrograms/kg i.v.) were studied in 7 dogs (epidural group). Epidural anaesthesia was associated with reductions in mean arterial, mean pulmonary arterial and mean right atrial pressures. Femoral flow was increased by 119.9 +/- 35.0% and femoral resistance fell by 62.7 +/- 7.2%. All these changes were abolished by additional administration of DHE during epidural anaesthesia. In a second group of dogs (control group, n = 8) with intact innervation, i.e. without epidural block, DHE (10 micrograms/kg iv.) also decreased femoral flow and increased femoral resistance which, however, was significantly less pronounced ( p less than 0.01). It is concluded that DHE in epidural anaesthesia constricts arteriolar resistance vessels, mainly within the blocked areas. PMID- 7312939 TI - Pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of methotrexate in the rat. AB - After intravenous injection of 31 mg/kg methotrexate (MTX), its concentrations were determined in plasma, liver, kidney, bone marrow, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, colon and muscle up to 23 days, using an enzymatic assay. Plasma pharmacokinetics were described by a triexponential function, with a terminal half-life of 4.2 h. Up to 1.5 h after injection, the initial rapid decline of MTX concentrations in bone marrow, kidney, and liver roughly paralleled that in plasma. The terminal half-life of MTX in bone marrow was greatly prolonged (37 h), while MTX remained nearly constant in liver (0.57 microgram/ml) and kidney (0.53 microgram/ml) from 6 h to 23 days. In the intestines, luminal as well as tissue MTX concentrations were determined. The stomach showed a triexponential decay of tissue MTX and low luminal concentrations throughout. In the duodenum, the middle of jejunum, and the colon tissue MTX seemed to follow a bi- or triexponential function. However, high luminal concentrations due to MTX biliary excretion, when reaching a given intestinal portion, increased the MTX tissue concentration in this segment. PMID- 7312941 TI - Sympathomimetic amine-induced release of norepinephrine-3H from different intraneuronal storage compartments. AB - The effects of different loading procedures on norepinephrine-3H (NE-3H) efflux induced by a structurally analogous group of indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines was examined in rabbit vas deferens. (+)-Amphetamine was ineffective in releasing 3H from tissues with intact intraneuronal storage granules but was an effective depletor of (a) non-granular intraneuronal compartment(s) following in vivo treatment with reserpine. (+/-)-p-Hydroxynorephedrine was a less effective depletor of non-granular NE-3H. These experiments provide further evidence in support of multiple intraneuronal storage compartments which can be pharmacologically differentiated by utilizing indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine agents. PMID- 7312943 TI - Assessment of rate and extent of drug absorption. PMID- 7312942 TI - Dose-dependent kinetics of probenecid in rhesus monkeys-intravenous bolus studies. AB - 14 bolus studies with probenecid in a dose range of 8.2--164 mg/kg were carried out in 3 monkeys. The protein binding of probenecid in the plasma was studied by an ultracentrifugation method. Plasma clearances of both total and unbound probenecid decreased with increasing doses, while the volume of distribution and fraction of metabolites excreted in the urine remained constant. The urinary excretion rates of probenecid and it metabolites were measured in a bladder catheterized monkey and were found to be urine flow dependent. Since the rate limiting step for the excretion of the metabolites did not depend on the formation rate only, biliary recycling was speculated. PMID- 7312944 TI - Respiratory muscle function, assessment, and training. AB - This article presents a brief overview of respiratory muscle mechanics and the effects of lung disease and neuromuscular disease on pulmonary function. A variety of current specific and general muscle training techniques are described and discussed. Also presented is a current review of training studies and the effects of muscle training on cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, endurance and fatigue, and exercise tolerance. PMID- 7312945 TI - Chest physical therapy for the postoperative or traumatic injury patient. AB - Techniques of chest physical therapy have been used since the early 1900s to decrease postoperative pulmonary complications. Through investigations since the 1950s, documentation as to the efficacy of chest physical therapy in actually reducing postoperative pulmonary complications has been published. However, the careful documentation of techniques employed (such as full Trendelenburg's position versus a modified position and vibration of particular force and frequency) has not been done. Also, because of an inability to specify the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complications occurring in particular patients or to qualitate the occurrence of these complications, it is difficult to establish what treatment is most efficacious. This article is a critical review of investigations to date with recommendations for further research stemming from this review. PMID- 7312947 TI - Physical therapy for the acutely ill medical patient. AB - Chest physical therapy for acutely ill medical patients is a specialty that has evolved in response to patient need and medical progress. With the ability to support the patient's respiratory system mechanically came the requirement to manage acute and chronic lung injuries and their complications. Techniques of evaluation and treatment are discussed. A literature review focusing on treatment techniques for acutely ill patients and the efficacy of these treatments is included. PMID- 7312946 TI - Respiratory treatment of the adult patient with spinal cord injury. AB - The respiratory program of the Spinal Injury Service at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital has demonstrated effective respiratory treatment to be a prerequisite for comprehensive rehabilitation. To facilitate program planning, patients are classified according to functional neurosegmental levels and residual respiratory muscles. Breathing mechanics are the basis of evaluation and treatment. Evaluative elements are strength of residual respiratory muscles, respiratory rate, vital capacity, breathing pattern, chest expansion, and cough. Respiratory functions of patients with spinal injury are compared with respiratory functions of healthy subjects. Treatment objectives are prepared according to the individual patient's functional classification and evaluation. Specific methods are discussed, including strengthening, chest wall mobilization, external support devices, and bronchial hygiene. PMID- 7312948 TI - Swallowing dysfunction in acutely ill patients. AB - Swallowing problems are often unrecognized in acutely ill patients because of failure to consider abnormalities in the oropharyngeal phase of deglutition. Even the commonly used descriptive term dysphagia more often connotes food sticking in the esophagus rather than a disturbance in the physiologic separation of respiratory and digestive tracts during swallowing. To emphasize deglutitional abnormalities, we prefer the term swallowing dysfunction. In this review we describe the potentially fatal consequences of swallowing dysfunction, how dysfunction is recognized clinically, and the conditions in which it should be suspected. Certain aspects of airway and nutritional management are also described because supportive medical care and rehabilitative therapy in the acutely ill often go hand in hand. The methods of evaluation and rehabilitative treatment we describe are relatively simple and easily adapted by the busy staff in a general hospital or intensive care unit. Despite the simplicity of these methods, results are frequently gratifying and can be life saving in acutely ill patients. PMID- 7312949 TI - Physical therapy for neonates with respiratory dysfunction. AB - Chest physical therapy for neonates with pulmonary dysfunction is a growing specialty of physical therapy practice. The purpose of this article is to provide physical therapists current information regarding chest physical therapy for the newborn infant. The neonatal diagnoses for which chest physical therapy is useful or has good rationale are discussed. Common complications are reviewed that affect physical therapy and medical treatment for infants with respiratory diseases and prematurity. Specific indications, contraindications, and precautions for physical therapy techniques are listed. Chest physical therapy evaluation and treatment are described and rationale for the application of various techniques is provided. Literature is reviewed dealing with the effects of chest physical therapy on neonates with pulmonary dysfunction. The strengths and weaknesses of each reviewed study are analyzed and suggestions for direction of future research for physical therapists are provided. PMID- 7312950 TI - Physical therapy for children with chronic lung disease. AB - Chronic lung disease is a major health problem among children. Estimates suggest that one child in six has a chronic respiratory condition. This article reviews three common chronic respiratory conditions occurring in childhood for which physical therapy is usually recommended. The cause, pathophysiology, and medical treatment are explained for asthma, respiratory complications of chronic neuromuscular disease, and cystic fibrosis. The rationale for physical therapy and the concepts of treatment for the three disorders are presented. Major clinical studies that have attempted to document the efficacy of physical therapy are discussed. Questions for future research are proposed. PMID- 7312951 TI - Physiological effects of ultraviolet light on Dictyostelium discoideum spore germination. AB - The spore germination in Dictyostelium discoideum consists of four stages: activation, postactivation lag, swelling and emergence. Ultraviolet irradiation (total fluence of 250 J/m(2)) of spores at any time prior to late spore swelling allows full swelling, but inhibits the emergence of myxamoebae. In the case of freshly activated spores, a UV exposure time of 30 s (total fluence of 50 J/m(2)) is sufficient to reduce emergence to about 6% when measured after 24 h of incubation. This same fluence results in about 10% viability as measured by plaque forming ability. Experiments utilizing "fractionated exposures' result in the same percentage inhibition of emergence as that found for "single exposures' provided the total fluence is equivalent. The higher fluences (250 J/m(2)) which completely prevent emergence, do not affect the endogenous oxygen uptake of spores during swelling. Ultraviolet light irradiated spores respond to the same activation and deactivation treatments as control unirradiated spores. Ultraviolet irradiation after late spore swelling allows emergence to occur in only a small fraction of the population. This fraction of cells which can emerge after UV treatment is said to have passed a "competence point', which is believed to be the time when all the events necessary for emergence have been completed. Though the sites of UV inactivation in spores can only be postulated at present, it is apparent that the initial stages of germination (activation, postactivation lag and spore swelling) occur independently of the UV sensitive sites. The final stage of germination (emergence), however, is dependent on UV sensitive functions. PMID- 7312952 TI - Photorepair of pyrimidine dimers in human skin in vivo. AB - The exposure of human skin in vivo to UV radiation emitted from a sunlamp induces the formation of pyrimidine dimers. The number of dimers, as detected by UV endonuclease, decreases following exposure of the UV-irradiated skin to visible wavelengths of light. These results suggest that humans possess a mechanism by which pyrimidine dimers are photorepaired upon illumination of human skin in vivo with visible light. PMID- 7312953 TI - Porphyrin-induced photodamage to isolated human neutrophils. AB - Human neutrophils were irradiated with light at 340-380 nm in the presence of low concentrations of protoporphyrin or uroporphyrin. At increasing light doses or increasing concentrations of protoporphyrin, the neutrophils rapidly lost the ability of locomotion. Also, neutrophil chemiluminescence and hexose monophosphate shunt activity rapidly declined. An early event was leakage of endogenous K(+) followed by lactate dehydrogenase and at a later stage leakage of particle-bound acid phosphatase. A number of cellular enzymes were inactivated, the susceptibility to inactivation decreased in the order: succinate dehydrogenase greater than lactate dehydrogenase greater than glutamate dehydrogenase greater than acid phosphatase. Uroporphyrin had no effect on neutrophil functions, leakage of K(+), or cellular enzymes. The results suggest that photodamage to the plasma membrane and the mitochondria are earlier events than photodamage to lysosomes. PMID- 7312954 TI - Skin damage in adult amphibians after chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. AB - The effects of repeated UV exposure on the skin of the European crested newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex, have been investigated. The animals were irradiated 3 times per week with a Westinghouse FS40T12 fluorescent sun lamp (wavelength spectrum 275-350 nm). Two groups of animals received the same total fluence of 1.3 x 10(5) J/m(2) in single fluences of either 1570 J/m(2) (group A) or 9430 J/m(2) (group C), and one group received a total fluence of 2.6 x 10(5) J/m(2) in single fluences of 4710 J/m(2) (group B). All the animals were killed in 7 months after the first UV exposure, but at different intervals after the last exposure. Striking epidermal hyperplasia was found in the newts irradiated at the lower fluence rate group (group A). In the animals given the higher total fluence (group B), the most prominent skin changes were dermal fibrosis and irregular thinning and thickening of the epidermis. No significant skin changes were found in group C, in which if there had been UV lesions, they had been repaired during the 5 month interval between the last irradiation and the killing of the animals. No skin tumors developed in any experimental group. PMID- 7312955 TI - Analytical modeling for the optical properties of the skin with in vitro and in vivo applications. AB - Analytical modeling that interrelates the optical properties of multilayered structures is applied to the skin. The mathematical approach is based on relations of diffuse reflectance and transmittance of a multilayered system and the diffuse reflectance and transmittance of each component layer. The formula can also be derived from the Kubelka-Munk theory of radiation transfer. Using both collimated and diffuse incident irradiance, the applicability of the model to human epidermis over the UV and visible region has been verified. The model has been applied to calculate to absorption and scattering coefficients of human epidermis in vitro, and to estimate the epidermal transmittance under simulated in vivo condition. PMID- 7312956 TI - Mammalian cell viral capacity: an alternative assay for ultraviolet radiation damage. AB - A comparison is made between the use of colony forming ability and the capacity of cells to produce viruses following infection (called capacity) as assays for the response of mammalian cells to UV radiation. Experiments using two different types of mammalian cells, a rapidly growing, good colony forming monkey kidney cell line (CV-1P) and a slowly growing human skin fibroblast line that was a relatively poor and variable colony former (XP25RO), were conducted using both assay systems. Viral capacity was found to be a more consistent indicator of UV damage to cultured cells than was colony forming ability, especially for the XP25RO cells. Apparent advantages and disadvantages of the use of capacity as an indicator of UV radiation damage are discussed. PMID- 7312957 TI - Singlet oxygen formation by sensitization of furocoumarins complexed with, or bound covalently to DNA. PMID- 7312958 TI - Ultraviolet radiation induced changes in macrophage activity. PMID- 7312959 TI - Kinetics of DNA-induced breaks by reductone treatment: in vitro and in vivo studies. PMID- 7312960 TI - Spectroscopy and photochemistry of flavins and flavoproteins. PMID- 7312961 TI - The evaluation of patient performance using long-term ambulatory monitoring technique in the domiciliary environment. PMID- 7312962 TI - Patterning of human body movement in and through space. PMID- 7312963 TI - Benesh Movement Notation. An introduction to recording clinical data. Part 5: recording head and trunk movements. PMID- 7312965 TI - Ultrasound in the treatment of surgical wounds. PMID- 7312964 TI - Physiotherapy for patients with cranial lesions. PMID- 7312966 TI - Walking frames - variations on a theme. PMID- 7312967 TI - Construction of the Muckamore Abbey cosmetic helmet for protection of special care patients. PMID- 7312968 TI - To refer or not to refer. PMID- 7312969 TI - Mentally handicapped people in the community. PMID- 7312970 TI - Exercise training for children with asthma. Out-patient programme and a residential experiment. PMID- 7312971 TI - Microwave diathermy. Safety in normal use. PMID- 7312972 TI - Research into the organisation of physiotherapy. PMID- 7312973 TI - Living to the limit: exercise for the chronic breathless patient. PMID- 7312974 TI - Benesh Movement Notation. Part 7: recording lying. PMID- 7312975 TI - A modern method of stump bandaging. PMID- 7312976 TI - Hexcelite temporary prostheses for lower-limb amputees. PMID- 7312977 TI - A comparison of mechanical and manual percussion as adjuncts to postural drainage in the treatment of cystic fibrosis in adolescents and adults. PMID- 7312978 TI - Team leaders in stroke care--an introduction. PMID- 7312979 TI - Stroke: a problem for patient and family. PMID- 7312980 TI - Control of muscle tone in the stroke patient. PMID- 7312981 TI - The practical evaluation of handicap after severe stroke. PMID- 7312982 TI - Rehabilitation chair. PMID- 7312983 TI - Balance loss and recovery: a suggested approach to treatment. PMID- 7312984 TI - Antiinflammatory activity of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids from Chelidonium majus. PMID- 7312985 TI - Antimicrobial substances in callus cultures of Ruta graveolens. PMID- 7312986 TI - Prenylated phenols that cause contact dermatitis from trichomes of Phacelia ixodes. PMID- 7312987 TI - Studies on Scutellariae radix. Part II: The antibacterial substance. PMID- 7312988 TI - Inhibitory action of some flavonoids on enhanced spontaneous lipid peroxidation following glutathione depletion. PMID- 7312989 TI - [New monocyclic lactones from Siphonodon australe (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312990 TI - [Cytotoxicity of siphonoside and of aliphatic esters of siphonodin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312992 TI - [The quality of diagnostic services in psychiatric hospitals (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312991 TI - Spironolactone inhibits vascular reactivity by a prostaglandin related mechanism unconnected with aldosterone. AB - Effects of aldosterone and spironolactone on the vascular responses to noradrenaline and potassium were studied in the perfused rat mesenteric vascular bed. Aldosterone did not modify the response to either vascular agent. Spironolactone inhibited the vascular response to both pressor agents in a dose dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of spironolactone was not altered by various concentrations of aldosterone and ouabain. However it was not apparent in preparations in which endogenous prostaglandin synthesis had been abolished in indomethacin. The observations suggest that spironolactone has actions on vascular reactivity which are not related to aldosterone or to sodium/potassium pumping. They may depend on modification of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 7312993 TI - [Communications pharmacology and medical practice Part I. The effect of oxazepam on human psychophysical efficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312994 TI - [The ratio of blood platelet monoamineoxidase to aldehyde reductase activity in paranoid schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312997 TI - [Problems of the medical secret in forensic psychiatric certification - on the basis of analyses of 150 forensic psychiatric expert's opinions issued in penal cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312996 TI - [Non-psychotic mental disorders in adolescents. Problems of hospitalization and diagnosis in follow-up studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312995 TI - [Performance of social roles as basis of evaluation of effects of psychotherapy in neuroses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312999 TI - [Self - Education in the field of educational problematics at the Psychiatric Department of the Medical Academy of Warsaw (author's transl)]. PMID- 7312998 TI - [The pros and cons of the "Pracoxgefuhl" (not intuition but diagnosis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313000 TI - [Case of unusual orientation abilities (inborn capacity for localization of magnetic north pole)]. PMID- 7313001 TI - The value of administrative experience for the clinician: opportunities of the chief residency in psychiatry. AB - Administration has been traditionally contrasted with clinical work; experiences such as the chief residency in psychiatry are viewed as clinically-based training for unfamiliar administrative activity. In contrast to these viewpoints we propose that recognition of tasks common to clinical work and administration leads to a broader understanding of both activities, and that administrative experience can make specific contributions to the development of a clinician. PMID- 7313003 TI - Diagnosis: schizophrenic reaction due to or associated with intracranial viral infection. PMID- 7313002 TI - Stress and growth factors in psychiatric residency training. AB - Previous studies of emotional stress in psychiatric residency training have been impressionistic, focused on suicide or severe emotional disorder, or derived from small samples. There have been no reports of what large groups of "average" residents consider stressful, and no reports of the relationship of stress factors to personal and professional growth. The authors, working with a Task Force of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training, developed a questionnaire that was distributed to all residents who completed their training in 1975. Summarized in this paper are many of the more significant results obtained from this very detailed survey. The 148 variables examined include considerable demographic data. This is analyzed and correlated with the impact on stressfulness and impact of personal and professional growth rated for many specific aspects of residency training. Concrete data and recommendations that might prove useful to all psychiatry programs are provided. It is hoped that this may stimulate similar research in other areas of postgraduate medical education. PMID- 7313004 TI - Problems of women psychiatric residents. PMID- 7313005 TI - Small supportive treatment units and the problem of recidivism in indigent chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - This is report of a three and a half year follow-up of uprooted chronic schizophrenics, who had become disposition problems at the time of discharge from a state psychiatric hospital. One group of 14 was discharged to themselves, another in small supporting units. The results are encouraging and may throw some light into the problem of recidivisim. All patients were diagnosed chronic schizophrenic. They had multiple hospitalizations, came from the same catchment area, and were followed by the same therapist in the same hospital setting. PMID- 7313006 TI - Homosexual incest. AB - Within the past two years, we have encountered two cases where homosexual incest seemed to be a potent predisposing factor in extreme pathological behavior. In order to better understand what we were contending with, an extensive search and review of the literature was undertaken and the two case histories analyzed in detail. Our conclusions include: (1) that homosexual incest is at times unrecognized by therapists and therefore not dealt with to alleviate torment and sometimes to avert tragic consequences; and (2) that it is underreported so that information is lacking and essential dialogue on dynamics and treatment rarely occurs. It is hoped that this article will stimulate awareness of the phenomenon and foster exchange of ideas regarding etiology, psychodynamics, and intervention. PMID- 7313007 TI - The effectiveness of in-patient Morita therapy. AB - This study reports a followup survey of all 1287 Morita therapy patients treated over a 12 year period at Suzuki Clinic in Tokyo. Seventy one percent of all questionnaires sent out were completed and returned. Self evaluations by former patients indicated that slightly more than four fifths were improved to the degree that a relatively normal life was possible (regardless of presence of absence of symptoms). Improvements appeared to continue after discharge (i.e., it appeared to take time to incorporate the Moritist teachings into daily habit patterns) and to occur more rapidly for hypochondriasis and anxiety neurosis than for obsessive neurosis. PMID- 7313009 TI - [Psychosocial working team Darmstadt: structural problems and experiences (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on experiences collected by the Psychosocial Working Team Darmstadt with its special form of organizations. Basing on a description of its origin, structure and development, problems of the concrete work done by the team are discussed which partly stem from its internal structure and partly from the status of such a team as a panel on a voluntary basis without being competent in respect of taking and implementing any decisions. There are specific limitations regarding the chances offered to a psychosocial working team in assisting in psychosocial care and welfare work on a regional level. It has been found particularly imperative to expect the team to continually reflect on its working methods and points of emphasis in order to cope with the continually changing pattern of facts governing regional care and welfare work. PMID- 7313008 TI - [Institutional Consultation/and advisory service from the aspect of group analysis (author's transl)]. AB - First of all, the author underlines that the article is concerned with a specific of institutional advisory service, namely, the subconscious/part played by the mutual co-operation of the members with each other and with the clients of an institution. He classifies his statements into three sectors: first of all, in comments on group analysis; secondly, in comments on the "induced phenomenon of spontaneity in the group"; and, "thirdly, in a description of the intrapsychic, interpersonal and institutionalized forms of defence. One of his theses is: In the same manner as the individual is made up of many and partly contradictory aspects in his life and is nevertheless experienced as a unit, an institution can likewise be considered as a unit. This would also show clearly the great importance which must be attached to the participation of each individual member of an institution in one or several well-functioning working teams in order to fully mobilize the resources available in every institution. This leads us to consider the actions of the members of the institution as reflecting the behavior of the clients. Consequently, all opinions voiced by members of the institution must be taken seriously, even if they are not in line with conventional opinions, as reflections of the overall institutional body. We must conclude therefrom that our aim "to help the mentally diseased patient" can be achieved more successfully, with less frictionally conditioned loss of energy, the more we succeed in taking these various aspects seriously and in not suppressing them below the threshold of consciousness, and rather in understanding them as far as possible via a frank discussion of opposing viewpoints. PMID- 7313010 TI - [Social integration of mentally handicapped persons (author's transl)]. AB - It was the establishing of associations of parents and friends of mentally handicapped persons that started, above all in the 50's and 60's, in many countries direct and intensive endeavours for the improvement of their social situation. In this context the major goals are the normalisation of their living conditions and the realisation of the human rights due to them as well. Since that time the overall program drawn up by the National Society for the Mentally Handicapped LEBENSHILFE in 1959 set the standards for the work with mentally handicapped persons of all ages. The earliest possible beginning of longterm developmental training, including social training goals, underlies the social integration of mentally handicapped people. In adult life special aids and services must be offered in the fields of working, living and recreation. The participation of handicapped people themselves is a significant prerequisite for achieving an optimal degree of independence. In this context the role of the parents is of special importance as well. Trends towards bureaucratization and onesided professionalization in the work for the handicapped endanger all endeavours for integration. But the attitude of the society towards their handicapped citizens is decisive, too. Direct contact with handicapped persons can reduce prejudices and uncertainties, and open ways to their integration into society. PMID- 7313012 TI - [Fundamental problems of therapeutic teamwork in psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - Certain institutional and organizational prerequisites are fundamental in present day translation into reality of essential concepts of psychiatric therapy and rehabilitation. These include, for example, the basic structure of therapeutic co operation and the form of such co-operation as practices by a multiprofessional team. The creation and shaping of facilities based on the principle of mutual therapeutic co-operation and joint working of team members engaged in therapy, are innovations and are representative of a development by which a specific style in psychiatry gradually takes shape and by which it becomes adequately conscious of its social tasks. As with all innovatory developments there is an inherent danger that individual elements of such innovations assume of life of their own and undergo mystification. The concept "team" in psychiatry form of co-operation can solve many more problems than it can cope with. Hence it is definitely useful to investigate critically into the structure of teamwork in psychiatry, into its possibilities and prerequisites and into the extent to which teams are superior to conventional forms of organization in meeting the specific demands made by treating the mentally diseased. It becomes evident that among the basic conditions of teamwork are significant attitudes to therapy and that the therapeutic approaches derived therefrom can be successful only on teamwork basis. At the same time, however, limitations become apparent beyond which teamwork - now no longer understood as a problem-related principle of co operation, but as an ideology - threatens to become dysfunctional and anti therapeutic, creating compulsions which are diametrically opposed to the very essence of therapy and also to the needs of the therapist group. PMID- 7313011 TI - [Trampers in India - Description of a population (author's transl)]. AB - 50 trampers in India and Sri Lanka were studied in a semistructured interview by a questionnaire for socio-demographic data, for their medical and psychiatric history and their drug-experience. The MPI (Eysenck) and SSS (Zuckermann) were applied as tests for describing personality. Most of the trampers are around 25 years, stem from medium economical strata, have an education of high school or university. Nearly all of them are experienced drug-users (mainly hashish), most of them for long time without increase of intake and without bodily or mental or social deterioration. In the MPI the score for extraversion and neuroticism is within the (English) norm rage. Female probands showed a higher score of neuroticism than males. The total score in the SSS was significantly higher than in the standard population, mainly due to significantly elevated scores in the scale for disinhibition and boredom susceptibility. PMID- 7313013 TI - [On the problems of getting an opinion, finding a decision when working in psychiatrie institutions. - Experiences with counselling a psychiatrie institution (author's transl)]. AB - Exemplifying an occurrence within an every day's situation of a clinic makes obvious, how conflicts between claims of treatment and therapeutic reality can be present and painfully discussed. This can appear within that space of tension which is immanent to a institution of that kind. Emphasis is laid on the importance of institutional Counseling for the solving of these problems. PMID- 7313014 TI - [The combination of analytic psychotherapy with directive and social measures--a contradiction? The dialectics of inner and external reality (author's transl)]. AB - With reference to a case study, the author describes the possibility of combined analytic psychotherapy and directive and social measures. At the same time, it is shown that in the case of serious neuroses with various secondary social impediments, the lasting success of a treatment can only be guaranteed if there is an approximately simultaneous change in the inner psychic state and the external social reality. This is achieved by a treatment setting which combines elements of a psychoanalytic psychotherapy with supportive and directive treatment techniques. The course of the treatment if discussed from both psychoanalytic and sociopsychiatric viewpoints; particular attention is paid to the interdependent conditions of inner and external reality. PMID- 7313015 TI - [Indication for client-centered therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Ways to come to an indication for Client-centered Therapy are described. Client centered Therapy is defined as a psychotherapeutic method. The present state of empirical knowledge is summarized and discussed including aspects of differential indication for psychotherapy. The article includes some comments about the interaction of the problem of psychotherapy-indication and the social status of psychologists within the traditional medical health system of the Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 7313016 TI - [Joint hospitalisation of mentally ill mothers and their children (author's transl)]. AB - Joint admission of mothers with puerperal psychoses and their babies to the psychiatric hospital has proved successful. This not only avoids possible damage to the child and to the mother-child relationship as a result of prolonged separation; it appears that in fact the mother herself recovers more rapidly and is more self-assured in managing the child after her discharge from hospital. This, in turn, reduces the danger of a relapse and helps to stabilize the mother child relationship. Joint admission of mother and infant is advisable whenever the neurotic signs shown by the mother centre around the relation to her baby. Joint admission is usually technically easy, while making exacting demands on the nursing staff. It requires detailed planning and organisation coupled with continual and close supervision. Under these conditions, joint hospitalisation of mother and child represents a widening of our therapeutic possibilities. PMID- 7313017 TI - [Group round versus traditional ward round: evaluation by patients (author's transl)]. AB - In the course of the restructuring of an open psychiatric general ward doctors began to introduce group rounds in addition to established ward rounds. A description is given of the problems the therapeutic team had in adapting to this new method. --After a "consolidation phase" of approximately a year, structured interviews referring to the above-mentioned new system were carried out with fifty patients over a six month period. These interviews showed that the patients tended to have reservations about the group rounds, and the majority of them showed a preference for the individual attention they were familiar with. The results are being discussed. PMID- 7313018 TI - [The status of placebo treatment in a psychiatric hospital (author's transl)]. AB - The placebo treatments at the Rheinische Landes- und Hochschulklinik fur Psychiatrie Essen were registered during one year. With interviews and nurses' reports indication, situation, and supposed effect were inquired. A questionnaire investigated the therapists' and nursing staff's attitudes towards the therapy with placebos. 3,9% of the masculine and 6,1% of the feminine patients were treated with placebos without preference of an age or a group of diagnoses. Placebos were predominantly prescribed for concomitant symptoms of psychiatric diseases (especially complaints of sleep disorders or pain). Mostly placebos were taken in case of abuse, forceful lamentation, and assumption of physical complaints without an organic basis. The nursing staff often administered placebos without agreement of the doctor to avoid calling him at night. Between and within the professional groups there were marked differences in the attitudes towards placebos. Besides these results some problems of the use and outcome control of placebos are discussed. On the whole reserve in the medication of placebos is recommended. PMID- 7313019 TI - [Victim and perpetrator in the psychoboom: the example of the social worker]. PMID- 7313020 TI - Sensation seeking and psychophysiological responses to auditory stimulation. PMID- 7313021 TI - P300 and uncertainty reduction in a concept-identification task. PMID- 7313023 TI - Multiple late positive potentials in two visual discrimination tasks. PMID- 7313022 TI - Pulse transit time feedback and bidirectional blood pressure change. PMID- 7313024 TI - Heart rate and blink rate responses during mental arithmetic with and without continuous verbalization of results. PMID- 7313025 TI - Extent of coronary atherosclerosis, type A behavior, and cardiovascular response to social interaction. PMID- 7313026 TI - Normalizing effects of methylphenidate on hyperactive children's vigilance performance and evoked potentials. PMID- 7313027 TI - AERs and detection in tasks yielding U-shaped backward masking functions. PMID- 7313028 TI - Computer measures of sleep EEG reliably sort visual stage 2 epochs by NREM period of origin. PMID- 7313029 TI - Cortical augmenting-reducing--modality specific? PMID- 7313030 TI - Male sexual arousal and the law of initial value. PMID- 7313031 TI - Effect of feedback sensitivity upon learned heart rate acceleration. PMID- 7313032 TI - Self-ratings of type A (coronary prone) adults: do type A's know they are type A's? AB - This study compared self-ratings and interview-band ratings of the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. A Type A adjective scale was developed from the Gough-Adjective Checklist (ACL), using adjectives rated as characteristic and uncharacteristic of the Type A individual by a panel of 20 Type A researchers. Scores on this scale were compared with Type A ratings based on the structural interview. Results from a sample of 378 employed males indicate a significant linear relationship between self-ratings of Type A characteristics and interview based Type A classification. Subsequent item analysis identified a subset of adjectives which were endorsed differentially by Type A and Type B individuals, and a subset of descriptors which were not differentially endorsed by the two groups. Implications of these findings for assessment and intervention approaches to coronary-prone behavior are discussed. PMID- 7313033 TI - Investigation of the response of the spouse to chronic pain behavior. AB - A study was conducted to assess the responses of spouses to chronic pain behavior. In this study, spouses watched videotapes of "painful" and "neutral" facial expressions emitted both by their mates, hospitalized chronic pain patients, and by a number of performers. Skin conductance and heart rate to each of these displays were monitored and spouses also rated the perceived pain intensity of each display. Spouses showed greater increases in skin conductance to painful than to neutral facial displays, whether emitted by performers or by patients. Additionally, spouses reporting relatively high levels of marital satisfaction showed greater increases in skin conductance to the painful displays of their mates than did relatively unsatisfied spouses, while both groups gave similar ratings to these same displays. Implications of these data for the development of psychiatric and psychosomatic difficulties in responses of chronically ill patients are discussed. PMID- 7313034 TI - Effects of chronic alcoholism on nocturnal penile tumescence. PMID- 7313036 TI - The Hamburg short psychotherapy comparison experiment. Our focus formulations: practicability for therapy; content analyses and relation to outcome and other variables. PMID- 7313035 TI - Onset of insomnia: role of life-stress events. AB - During the year their insomnia began, chronic insomniacs experienced a greater number of stressful life events compared with previous or subsequent years and compared with good sleepers. In addition, among the life event categories assessed, insomniacs reported a greater number of undesirable events, particularly events related to losses and to ill health. They also had lifelong histories of more illnesses and somatic complaints, beginning with more childhood illnesses and more childhood problems related to eating and sleeping. During childhood, insomniacs reported more frequent discontent with their families, and prior to the onset of insomnia, they had less satisfying relationships with their parents as well as problems in other interpersonal relations and in their self concepts. Currently, insomniacs felt considerably less satisfied with their lives, had lower self-concepts, and had greater difficulty with interpersonal relationships. Thus, stressful life events, mediated by certain predisposing factors of personal vulnerability, were found to be closely related to the onset of chronic insomnia. PMID- 7313037 TI - Our pluridimensional evaluation system for short psychotherapy outcome. PMID- 7313038 TI - Outcome results in psychological tests. PMID- 7313039 TI - Outcome results by clinical evaluation based on the blind group ratings. PMID- 7313040 TI - The Hamburg short psychotherapy comparison experiment. PMID- 7313041 TI - The Hamburg short psychotherapy comparison experiment. Foreward and introduction. PMID- 7313042 TI - The Hamburg short psychotherapy comparison experiment: the general setting. PMID- 7313044 TI - A deluge of dementia. PMID- 7313043 TI - The Hamburg short psychotherapy comparison experiment. The patient sample: overt and covert selection factors and prognostic predictions. AB - (1) Our intake sample (n = 214) shows the well-known preponderance of upper middle and middle class; however, in our case this selection is wholly independent from the influence of psychotherapists. Mean 'duration of problem' was over 10 years for 31% and from 5 to 10 years for another 18%. The intake sample deviated significantly in 'pathological' direction in every one of the 12 test scale means of the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI) from the population means. (2) Comparisons of the averse (i.e. to psychotherapy) subsample versus the affine group yielded cues that the former sample was a bit less ill and came from a less sophisticated background. The averse sample had a near normal arithmetic mean in 'verbal fluency' whereas its affine counter group was significantly higher. Therapy refusers (a subgroup of the averse) were less ill and had more often come 'on their own' than the 3 other subsamples. Therapy completers (a subgroup of the affine) were more often married and had a higher proportion of patients with a very long (10 years) 'duration of problem'. (3) Therapists' selection of candidates for psychotherapy operated through prognostic predictions for the intake sample. The prognoses of the CC predictors were significantly more optimistic than those of the PT prognosticians. In regard to psychological tests both CC and PT prognostically favoured 'manifest anxious' and 'inhibited' (socially anxious) patients. This communal nucleus is expanded for PT to include less sociable but not undercontrolled patients, whereas CC prognosticians favoured depressed, inferior feeling, but more verbally intelligent patients with less psychosomatic instability. Thus, except perhaps for the CC therapists preferring verbal intelligence, our prognosticians resisted the famous attraction of the YAVIS patient (Y = young, A = attractive, V = verbal, I = intelligent, S = successful) [Goldstein, 1977 p. 6]. (4) Lot assignment achieved a random distribution. There is a nonsignificant tendency for the immediate therapy sample to be a bit more disturbed than the waiting group. The patients filling out session questionnaires might be a bit more disturbed than those not asked to fill these in. PMID- 7313045 TI - Drug-induced psychosis: emergency diagnosis and management. PMID- 7313046 TI - House officer stress syndrome. PMID- 7313047 TI - Health, society, and the medical student: a team educational program in primary care. PMID- 7313048 TI - Episodic anxiety and cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7313049 TI - Spurious tricyclic levels. PMID- 7313051 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test: clinical applications. PMID- 7313052 TI - The hospitalized psychiatric patient and the primary care physician. PMID- 7313050 TI - Post-Vietnam syndrome: recognition and management. PMID- 7313053 TI - Psychological symptoms preceding diagnosed myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7313054 TI - Pseudomyasthenic crisis in a delayed grief reaction. PMID- 7313057 TI - A clinical appraisal of diazepam. PMID- 7313055 TI - Psychiatric manifestations of hyponatremia. PMID- 7313056 TI - Burnout: stresses in consultation-liaison psychiatry. PMID- 7313058 TI - Paradoxical dextroamphetamine response. PMID- 7313059 TI - Hysterical seizures. PMID- 7313060 TI - New prospects for liaison psychiatry. PMID- 7313061 TI - The "on-off" syndrome presenting as a conversion disorder. PMID- 7313062 TI - Inappropriate amputation requests. PMID- 7313063 TI - On the modelling of sexual selection. PMID- 7313064 TI - [Study and production of an experimental data base for use in research in preventive medicine]. PMID- 7313066 TI - [Platelet count by determination of their lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) contents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313065 TI - [Triangular comparison of the agar diffusion method, the ABAC system and the Sensitre system for determination of bacterial sensitivity to aminoglycoside chemoantibiotics]. AB - The in vitro activity of sisomicin, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin, four similar aminoglycosides, has been determined against 135 bacterial strains of Gram-negative bacilli representing 4 genera of common pathogens isolated from urinary tract infections. Comparison between three methods of antibiotic susceptibility tests: agar diffusion by Kirby-Bauer, semi-automatic technique using ABAC apparatus (Intertechnique, Sclavo) dilution method (MIC), has shown a considerable percentage of agreement, in almost all cases. The highest percentages of agreement have been shown for sisomicin and tobramycin. The authors analyze the role of the new techniques representing an advance in routine work. PMID- 7313067 TI - [Microbial sensitivity tests with antifungal agents and their determination in body fluids]. PMID- 7313068 TI - [Comparison of the results of antibiotic sensitivity tests made with the ABAC method and the agar diffusion method]. AB - The sensitivity of 200 bacterial strains, recently isolated from pathological products, has been determined in relation to 16 antibiotics both with the ABAC system and the agar diffusion method (Barry). Furthermore, the interference of the variation of inoculum in the ABAC system (controlled by numbering in Petri dishes) has been evaluated. This study presented a good general agreement of the results between both methods. Results of studies on the variation of inoculum (10(6)--10(7) CFU/ml) performance with the ABAC system, gave a very weak interference in the accuracy of the results (with the exception of a few bacterial species in relation to some antibiotics). PMID- 7313069 TI - [Chromium and diabetes. Relationships to serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins]. AB - The authors examined 91 adult diabetic subjects to evidence any possible correlation between the levels of serum chromium and those of cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein. The calculation of Bravais Galton's correlation coefficient did not reveal any correlation between these parameters. However the authors confirmed that the levels of serum chromium in adult diabetic subjects were significantly lower than in normal subjects, although there was no correlation between rate of glycemia and chromium. PMID- 7313070 TI - [Kinetics of the disappearance of bilirubin in Gilbert's syndrome. Further case studies]. AB - Kinetic studies on exogenous bilirubin were performed in 15 patients with Gilbert's syndrome, according to a bicompartmental model using a recently proposed method which studies all the compartmental parameters and therefore give complete information about bilirubin metabolism. Impaired bilirubin uptake was confirmed in Gilbert's syndrome, in comparison with normal subjects; our data are in agreement with those of other authors. The method adopted allows the identification of forms with associated haemolysis. PMID- 7313071 TI - [Reliability of the bacterial identification tests and of antibiotic sensitivity tests made with automatic methods]. AB - A "MS-2 Microbiology System" (Abbott) has been used to identify and to assess the susceptibility patterns of clinically isolated bacteria from highly compromised patients. Automatically obtained results by the analysis of 300 specimens were compared to those of traditional methods. The automated system was in good agreement with API (81%) while in 4% of the strains there were major discrepancies, and 5% of the experiments were carried out with slow growing bacteria which normally give poor results in automatic systems. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was satisfactory in 84% of the specimens with 7% of minor discrepancies and 9% of major ones. The evaluation of MIC for slow growing organisms like Haemophilus, Diplococcus and anaerobes belonging to the Bacteroides genus, was the same using either automatic or standard procedures. PMID- 7313072 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobins and the oral glucose tolerance test in evaluation of glucose tolerance]. AB - We performed OGTT and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) determinations in 62 subjects. In those with IGT we noticed significantly increased average levels of HbA1 in comparison to normal or borderline ones, but 65.3% of the subjects with abnormal OGTT according to Fajans and Conn's criteria and 83.3% of those scored as borderline, had normal HbA1. This latter group showed a positive significant correlation with sum and peak of plasma glucose concentrations at 60 and 120 min during the test. Our opinion is that the mutual presence of abnormal OGTT and of increased HbA1 levels allows a reliable diagnosis of IGT, and the presence of normal HbA1 must induce us to suspect a false IGT diagnosis. 18 normal subjects showed, moreover, a remarkable HbA1 increase 30 days after the glucose load, with a return to basal levels after 40 days, while in 8 subjects with IGT, HbA1 remained constantly unmodified after 30 and 40 days. This is probably a consequence of a difference in daily glycemic profile between individuals with normal glucose tolerance and others with a reduced one. PMID- 7313073 TI - [Comparative study of the "e" system (HBeAG/anti-HBeAg) and core antibodies in aggressive chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7313074 TI - Studies on acute in vivo exposure of rats to 2450-MHz microwave radiation. II. Effects on thyroid and adrenal axes hormones. PMID- 7313075 TI - Mutagenic and lethal effects of [5-125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporated into DNA of mammalian cells, and their RBEs. PMID- 7313076 TI - Microdosimetric parameters for photons as a function of depth in water using wall less and walled counters. PMID- 7313077 TI - Radiosensitizing and cytotoxicity studies with CB 1954 (2,4-dinitro-5 aziridinylbenzamide). PMID- 7313078 TI - Toxicity of 90Y in relatively insoluble fused aluminosilicate particles when inhaled by mice. PMID- 7313079 TI - Modification of the intestinal postirradiation proliferative response by intraabdominal H-4-II-E2 tumors. PMID- 7313080 TI - Response of the skin of hamsters to fractionated irradiation with X rays or accelerated carbon ions. PMID- 7313081 TI - Protective effect of cycloheximide on the response of rat hind limbs to X irradiation. PMID- 7313082 TI - Pathologic changes in the hearts of beagles irradiated with fractionated fast neutrons or photons. PMID- 7313083 TI - Hyperthermic modulation of X-ray-induced oncogenic transformation in C3H 10T1/2 cells. PMID- 7313084 TI - Calcium accumulation and retention by synaptosomes irradiated with high-energy electrons. PMID- 7313085 TI - Regeneration of cilia in heavily irradiated sea urchin embryos. PMID- 7313086 TI - [Action of gamma and UV irradiation on DNA synthesis in permeable Bacillus stearothermophilus cells]. PMID- 7313087 TI - [Radioresistance of rats with a varying activity of liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation normally and after mechanical trauma]. PMID- 7313088 TI - [Radioprotective activity and aspects of the mechanism of action of biogenic amines on in vitro cultured mammalian cells]. PMID- 7313090 TI - [Changes in the morphological and cytogenetic indices of the hematopoietic system of Papio hamadryas in chronic irradiation at low doses]. PMID- 7313091 TI - [Dynamics of human lymphocyte passage through the 1st 2 mitotic cycles after irradiation at different stages]. PMID- 7313089 TI - [Biological action of radiation in chronic hypoxia. 2. Specific and nonspecific body resistance study depending on the time in adaptation and readaptation]. PMID- 7313092 TI - [Effectiveness of using different radioprotectors for the protection of the sex cells of male mice from the genetic action of radiation, 1. Frequency study of dominant lethal mutations in postspermatogonial cells]. PMID- 7313094 TI - [Cell count changes in the lymphoid tissue in the chronic action of tritium oxide and external 137Cs gamma radiation]. PMID- 7313093 TI - [Radionuclide absorption by fresh-water plants under natural conditions]. PMID- 7313095 TI - [Mechanism of the disturbance in the screening effect of erythrocyte surface protein amino groups in radiation action]. PMID- 7313096 TI - [Mechanism of the disturbance in potassium ion transport in irradiated erythrocytes and the role of serotonin in regulating this process]. PMID- 7313097 TI - [Genetic effect of incorporated 14C in the male sex cells of mice. 1. The single administration of 14C-glucose]. PMID- 7313098 TI - [Modification of a radiation lesion by orotic acid]. PMID- 7313099 TI - [Absence of a radioprotective effect of noradrenaline on Chinese hamster cells cultured in vitro]. PMID- 7313101 TI - How satisfactory are our examinations? A limited analysis of the UK statistics of the College of Radiographers, qualifying examinations. PMID- 7313100 TI - [Time factor in determining the equivalent conditions of human and laboratory animal irradiation]. PMID- 7313102 TI - Ultrasonic examination of the abdomen in malignant disease. PMID- 7313103 TI - Barium feeder for babies. PMID- 7313104 TI - Ultrasonic investigation of the brain in neonates. AB - A brief history of echoencephalography is given. Recent advances in ultrasonic technology have resulted in renewed interest in the subject. The neonatal brain can now be reliably visualised with systems which are widely available. Ultrasound examination is a relatively simple, safe procedure which does not cause distress to the patient. This makes it particularly suited to investigation of neonates. The examination technique used in our department is described. Other techniques and studies comparing ultrasound with other modalities are briefly reviewed. PMID- 7313106 TI - [Changes of renal function following revascularisation of renal arteries especially by Dotter's technique (author's transl)]. AB - The rapid sequential scintigraphy with 131I-hippuran is a well established valuable procedure in follow-up studies of patients after non surgical revascularisation of renal artery stenosis. With this non invasive easily reproducible method both the changes of renal circulation and of renal function can be assessed simultaneously. PMID- 7313105 TI - [Analysis of vesico ureteral reflux by functional scintigraphy (author's transl)]. AB - With a large view scintillation camera and gamma 11/34 DEC-System it is possible to detect a reflux out of the bladder, if the volume is 0.2 ml or larger. Description of the function of upper urinary tract is given. Time of reflux beginning a bladder volume combined with measurement of intravesical and intraabdominal pressure and more details of the reflux dynamic are demonstrated. Background activity and absorption of body soft tissue should be corrected by phantom measurement. The results of investigations of 26 patients are shown in tables and by examples of morphologic and functional analyses. PMID- 7313108 TI - [A new simplified flat bed electrophoretic apparatus with a self-made power supply and its application methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313107 TI - [The Baker's cyst - a diagnostic problem? (author's transl)]. AB - Precise definition of Baker's cyst has been prevented by variety of synonyms. Following anatomical description, Baker's determination, and investigations of myself one should differentiate between the rupture of capsule, bursa semimembranous-gastrocnemia, and Baker's cyst because they are clearly independent from the pathologic-anatomical point of view. Clinical importance of Baker's cyst in connection with further diseases of the knee joint and therapeutical possibilities are discussed. PMID- 7313110 TI - [Food poisoning]. PMID- 7313111 TI - [Botulism]. PMID- 7313109 TI - [Urgent problems of congenital toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7313112 TI - [viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7313113 TI - [Tetanus]. PMID- 7313114 TI - [Brucellosis and other zoonoses]. PMID- 7313115 TI - [Rabies]. PMID- 7313116 TI - [Trichinosis]. PMID- 7313117 TI - [Intestinal parasites. I. Taeniasis and other parasitic diseases]. PMID- 7313118 TI - [Various blood coagulation indicators n the evaluation of liver function disorders in different clinical forms of viral hepatitis. II. Acute hepatic insufficiency with encephalopathy]. PMID- 7313119 TI - [Infectious diseases in Poland in 1979 compared with world situation. Infectious diseases in the world during the years 1978-1979]. PMID- 7313120 TI - [Measles]. PMID- 7313121 TI - [Whooping cough]. PMID- 7313122 TI - [Scarlet fever]. PMID- 7313123 TI - [Mumps]. PMID- 7313124 TI - [Influenza]. PMID- 7313125 TI - [Rubella]. PMID- 7313126 TI - [Meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 7313127 TI - [Various aspects of acquired toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 7313128 TI - [Bacillary dysentery]. PMID- 7313129 TI - [Progress in biology and preventive medicine]. PMID- 7313130 TI - [Epidemiology of Yersinia infections]. PMID- 7313131 TI - [Role of animals in the epidemiology of hunan type A influenza]. PMID- 7313132 TI - [Various blood coagulation indicators in the evaluation of liver damage in different clinical forms of viral hepatitis. III. Chronic, persistent and progressive hepatitis]. PMID- 7313133 TI - [Iron deficiency in women of childbearing age. II. Planning, materials, scope and organization of the study]. PMID- 7313134 TI - [Multifactorial analysis of total fat content and incidence of obesity in adults]. PMID- 7313135 TI - [Deaths caused by cerebrovascular disorders in Cracow during the years 1975 1977]. PMID- 7313136 TI - [Acute insecticide poisoning in Poland during the years 1974-1979]. PMID- 7313137 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in hepatitis A]. PMID- 7313138 TI - [Inflammation of the hip joint and femur head caused by Salmonella cholerae suis]. PMID- 7313140 TI - [Promenades of a borderline patient? Peter Handke's "Die Stunde der wahren Empfindung" (1975)]. PMID- 7313139 TI - [Narcissistic configurations in Robert Musil's, "Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften"]. PMID- 7313141 TI - [On the electrolytic separation factor of tritium (author's transl)]. AB - The electrolytic enrichment process of tritium is in current use for the measurement of its content in natural water. The electrolytic separation factor of tritium which can have experimental values ranging from 4 to 30 is affected by the nature of the cathode, by the electric current density, and by the nature of the electrolyte. It was recently shown that the factor took a value within a limited range when an alkaline solution was electrolyzed by the use of a nickel cathode cell under a current density around 50 mA/cm2. To re-examine the reproducibility of the separation factor of tritium, the electrolytic enrichment experiment was made using nickel-nickel electrode cells, 0.05 N-alkaline solutions, and a current density of 50 mA/cm2. The observed separation factors were within the range previously reported on nickel-cathode cells. The results, after they were corrected for the carry-over of water vapor and spray droplets, were close to the thermodynamic equilibrium constants for the protium-tritium exchange reaction between liquid water and hydrogen gas at several solution temperatures in the cell ranging from 12 degree C to 33 degree C. The equilibrium conditions would be expected to prevail and to make the factor reproducible, so far as the above conditions were used. At the current densities above 50 mA/cm2 up to 100 mA/cm2, on the other hand, the factors obtained in this work were slightly more than that corresponding to equilibrium, and had a tendency to rise with increase of current density. It is considered that slow exchange by rate process are apt to take place partly at the cathode surface under the condition of such high current strength. PMID- 7313142 TI - [Determination of trace elements in Stenopsyche griseipennis by neutron activation analysis (author's transl)]. AB - An instrumental neutron activation analysis was applied to the multielemental analysis of the Stenopsyche griseipennis taken from the head water area and the lower of Tama river. The dry Stenopsyche griseipennis were irradiated for 3 minutes and 12 hours in a thermal neutron flux 1.5 X 10(12) n . cm-2 . sec-1 of TRIGA-II reactor of Rikkyo University. Thus, Al, Ca, Cl, Mg, V, Na, K, Br, La, Sm, Se, Cr, Ba, Cs, Sc, Rb, Zn, Co, Fe, and Sb could be analyzed. Analysis of the river water samples taken from the sampling points of the Stenopsyche griseipennis was carried out by the method given in the author's previous paper. The analytical results of Na, K, Zn and Se for the Stenopsyche griseipennis showed constant value independently of the river water quality, and Mn showed the different concentration between at the head water area and at the lower. On the other hand, the analytical results of Al, Fe, Sc, V, As, Sb, etc. showed wide range values. It can be considered that these elements were affected by taking up river sediment, and V, As and Sb concentrations in the Stenopsyche griseipennis at head water area showed larger values than those at the lower. PMID- 7313143 TI - Chemical screening of radiation protecting agents. AB - An aqueous solution of 2-propanol was chosen as chemical system for fundamental study of the chemical screening of organic compounds on the responsibility for ionizing radiation. The effect of additives on the yield of acetone was investigated by subjecting this system on gamma-radiolysis. The results show that this system is suitable for the estimation of radiation protecting character of the known radiation protecting agents and compounds which act as a OH scavenger. On the basis of these results, various nitrogen-containing additives having free amino group, guanidine group and hetero-cyclic amine were examined first of all in expectation of improvement for the toxicity of sulfur-containing compounds. PMID- 7313144 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of serial 201Tl Myocardial scintigrams after stress testing in ischemic heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Five normal adults and 31 patients with ischemic heart disease were studied by stress test, and 201Tl was injected one min. before the end of the test. Myocardial scintigrams in three views were recorded at 10 min, 1 and 2 hours (phase 0, 1 and 2) after the injection. The myocardial wall was geometrically divided into 5 segments. At the area where the count rate (Cts) was highest in phase 0 scintigrams, the washout rate from phase i to j was defined as WRij = (maxCtsi-maxCtsj)/maxCtsi where Ctsi denoted Cts at phase i in the relevant area. The redistribution index (Rdsij) in each segment was defined as Rdsij = [Ctsi X WRij + (Ctsi - Ctsj)]/Ctsi, where Ctsi denoted Cts at phase i in the segment. The ischemic segment was identified as 70% or less of maxCts 0, while the infarcted segment by VCG in phase 0 scintigram. Mean values of Rds 02 in the normal, ischemic and infarcted segments were -6.1 +/- 5.6, 9.7 +/- 7.0 and 3.5 +/- 7.2%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). All the 26 patients with anginal except one showed WR 12/WR 01 greater than 1.0. When the peak pressure rate product that attained at the test was 200 or more, it was significantly correlated with WR 02 (r = 0.80). The Redistribution index was helpful in quantitative assessment of the ischemic segments. The finding of WR 12 greater than WR 01 after the stress was reliable in suggesting myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7313145 TI - Labelling of 6-iodocholesterol in melt. PMID- 7313146 TI - On the reduction of background in energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. PMID- 7313147 TI - [Hepatobiliary function test with 99mTc-E-HIDA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313148 TI - [Basic and clinical studies of T3 radioimmunoassay kit (Tri-Tab RIA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313149 TI - [Treatment test of organic radioactive liquid waste (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313150 TI - [Half value thickness and tenth value thickness of radionuclides in nuclear medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313151 TI - [Lumbar phlebography: methodological choice and reliability in the radiographic study of lumbar disk hernias]. AB - Lumbar epidural venography was used as the examination of choice in the investigation of suspected disc herniation in 270 patients. Compression or occlusion of an epidural and/or radicular vein at the disc level is the most significant venographic abnormality. In 110 patients operated on, the reliability of lumbar epidural venography was equal to 97.2%. PMID- 7313152 TI - [Abdominal angio-CT: technique of injection and scanning (author's transl)]. AB - Angio-CT consists in a rapid bolus intravenous injection of contrast medium followed by serial sequential fast scanning to include the arterial and the venous phases. Injection of contrast medium of 50 cm3 are made 3 or 4 times for a total of 150 divided by 200 cm3 of contrast medium at an iodine concentration of 29 g/100 cm3. At the beginning, scans are intercalated with injections, until the total amount of contrast medium is reached. Thereafter, the scans are rapidly continued to cover the whole organ under study. The scanning during the vascular enhancement has considerably helped our diagnostic accuracy and has a made the drip-infusion technique out-moded. PMID- 7313154 TI - [The dynamics of radiodiagnostic examinations in the area of the Province of Alessandria, chosen as a representative sample]. AB - We have calculated the radiological examinations carried out in the area of the Province of Alessandria during the year 1978, then we have compared retrospectively such calculation with the period 1959-1978. During 1978 the exams/person per year ratio was 0.7. In the period 1959-1978 such a ratio was found to have been increasing more than four times exponentially. On the average we have calculated 4.06 exams per hour with daily peaks of 8.0 exams per hour, performed by each physician of the radiological staff. PMID- 7313153 TI - [Traditional radiography with contrast media in the study of expansive lesions of the renal cavity]. PMID- 7313155 TI - [Estimate of the dose in the marrow and the gonads of patients undergoing neoplastic treatment with telecobalt therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of the doses were carried out on phantoms in order to determine the dose in the marrow and gonads of patients undergoing radio-therapeutic treatment with telecobalt therapy with fixed fields. On average, the dose in the marrow for each treatment resulted to be 2.35 Gy in the male and 5.8 Gy in the female whereas the dose in the gonads for each treatment was on average 0.41 Gy in the male and 0.029 Gy with the exclusion of castrating doses in the female. If one considers the number of patients treated in 1975 with telecobalt therapy with fields (269 men and 309 women) the contribution to the leukaemia dose and to the genetically significant dose can be estimated in approximate terms for the year 1975 in the province of Varese: 0.48 mSv/year and 2.5.10-3 mSv/year respectively. Taking into account the risk factors indicated in publication 26 of the ICRP it can be deduced that in the group of patients treated the expected increase in the number of cases of leukaemia and genetic effects will be 5 and 0.5 respectively. PMID- 7313156 TI - [Mechanisms of localization and increase of metastases in bone tissue]. PMID- 7313157 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313158 TI - [Scintigraphic diagnosis of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313159 TI - [Thermography in the diagnosis of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313160 TI - [Contribution of telethermography to the early diagnosis of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313161 TI - [Computerized tomography in the study of skeletal metastases]. PMID- 7313162 TI - [The spread of metastases through Batson's circle]. PMID- 7313163 TI - [Diagnosis of bone metastases from breast carcinoma: comparison of the clinical aspect, radiology and nuclear medicine]. PMID- 7313164 TI - [Technical possibilities for a better demonstration of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313165 TI - [Surgical treatment of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313166 TI - [Radiotherapy of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313167 TI - [Medical treatment of bone metastases]. PMID- 7313168 TI - [Incidence of bone metastases from breast carcinoma: possibilities of radiotherapy]. PMID- 7313169 TI - [Skeletal metastases and involvement of the bone marrow: diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 7313170 TI - [Xeroradiography]. PMID- 7313171 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice. Report of 19 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The development of percutaneous transhepatic techniques of access to biliary tree with the fine needle made possible the wide diffusion of percutaneous biliary drainage. Results of 19 attempts of biliary drainage are presented; success rate in positioning external or external-internal drainage was 79% (92.3% in the last year). The technique employed is described and discussed comparing it with the methods proposed by other authors. Early therapeutic effects and long-term benefits on bilirubin levels and survival were good. Only 2 major complications were observed (hepatic abscess and biliary subcapsular cyst) but they did not require surgery. Cholangiocarcinomas and ilar hepatic metastases appeared to be elective indications to definitive palliative drainage, but pre-surgical or palliative drainage is also recommended in all cases of obstructive jaundice. Careful follow-up and check of patients with the biliary drainage improves the drainage function and reduces the complications. PMID- 7313172 TI - [Computed tomography in the evaluation of jaundiced patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313173 TI - [Ultrasonographic evaluation of jaundiced patients: accuracy in 246 controlled cases (author's transl)]. AB - In 246 controlled jaundiced patients, the value of ultrasonography was confirmed. The differentiation of medical from surgical jaundice was 96% accurate. There was an increase in the overall accuracy due to technological developments and better scanning techniques. Nevertheless important diagnostic problems are still unresolved. Although the precise location of the obstructing lesion was determined in 86% of surgical case, the cause was established in only 69%. In medical jaundice diagnostic findings were observed only in congestive liver due to chronic heart failure and in some cases of cirrhosis. PMID- 7313174 TI - [Attempted classification of bone tumors with the use of the TNM system]. PMID- 7313175 TI - [A Monte Carlo approach to the evaluation of dose distribution in homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms irradiated with photon and electron beams (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313176 TI - [Costal non-ossifying fibroma: radiological and thermographic aspects]. PMID- 7313177 TI - [Boeck's sarcoid of the breast (report of a case)]. PMID- 7313178 TI - [Calcific variety of pulmonary carcinoid]. PMID- 7313179 TI - [Percutaneous biopsy of the lung]. PMID- 7313180 TI - [Echotomographic study of the liver and bile ducts]. PMID- 7313181 TI - [Echotomographic study of the pancreas]. PMID- 7313182 TI - [Case of Caroli's disease diagnosed with a non-invasive method]. PMID- 7313183 TI - [Tomodensitometric and pneumoencephalographic study of a case of agenesis of the corpus callosum associated with lipoma]. PMID- 7313184 TI - [Study of the biliary tract with simultaneous multiple tomography (Synchroplan) in double-dose peroral cholecystography]. PMID- 7313185 TI - [Pulmonary aspects of patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7313186 TI - [Renal contrastography with rapid intravenous injection of Iopamidol]. PMID- 7313187 TI - [Use of the basophil degranulation test in the study of hypersensitivity reactions to iodized contrast media]. PMID- 7313188 TI - [Postoperative radiotherapy of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 7313189 TI - [Dosimetric comparison of different methods of thoracic radiography]. PMID- 7313190 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of cigarette smoke in the rat. Aortic endothelial and myocardial capillary permeability in the rat]. AB - The permeability of aortic endothelium and myocardial capillaries was examined in 72 Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 350 g) using the diffusion tracer peroxidase. Animals were subjected to cigarette smoke for periods of 1 day (acute effects), 2 weeks (sub-acute effects) and 15 weeks (chronic effects) and were sacrificed 5 minutes or 8 hours after smoking. Peroxidase was not generally present at the sub-endothelial level in the aortic endothelium of control animals and sham-smokers. However, in smokers, the increase in peroxidase permeability is proportional to the smoking period. Moreover, in these smokers we observed junctional and subendothelial vacuolar dilatations which correspond to degenerative morphologic changes. Cigarette smoke has a different effect on the right ventricle. Endothelial permeability of the myocardial capillaries increases in animals subjected to cigarette smoke for 1 day and those who smoked for 2 weeks sacrificed 5 minutes after smoking. This increase in permeability is not related to the significant morphologic changes observed in the myocardium and endothelial capillaries. However, the myocardial endothelial capillaries, the sub endothelial space and the adjacent interstitial space were generally free of peroxidase in animals subjected to cigarette smoke for 15 weeks and in those smoking for 2 weeks sacrificed 8 hours later. An adaptive phenomenon to the effects of cigarette smoke appear to exist in the myocardial endothelium capillaries contrary to that which is observed in the thoracic aorta. PMID- 7313191 TI - [Hemolytic anemia caused by vitamin E deficiency in the low-birth-weight neonate. II. Lack of response to oral vitamin E and recovery with the parenteral form]. PMID- 7313192 TI - [Septicemia caused by anaerobic bacteria in infants]. PMID- 7313193 TI - [Juvenile tuberculosis in Arica]. PMID- 7313194 TI - [Secretory immunoglobulin A in salivary secretions of healthy children]. PMID- 7313195 TI - [Bochdalek's hernia in a preschool boy]. PMID- 7313196 TI - [Malignant schwannoma in a young infant, anatomoclinical case]. PMID- 7313197 TI - [Bartter's syndrome apropos of a case with electron microscopy findings]. PMID- 7313198 TI - [Prevalence and biological, sociocultural and neuropsychological characteristics of children with low scholastic achievement. III. Neuropsychological characteristics]. PMID- 7313199 TI - [Incidence of malnutrition and medical care in infants of low birth weight and of normal birth weight in a suburban clinic]. PMID- 7313200 TI - [Biological concepts of nutritional disorders in infants]. PMID- 7313201 TI - [So-called hamartomas of the lung]. PMID- 7313202 TI - [Effect of vascular hydrostatic pressure on the plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in healthy subjects]. PMID- 7313203 TI - [Pleuropulmonary involvement in Hodgkin's disease. Study of a series of 79 cases of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7313205 TI - [Effect of meteorological changes on the occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents]. PMID- 7313204 TI - [Hypogammaglobulinemia and multiple myeloma]. PMID- 7313206 TI - [Behcet's syndrome with neurological manifestations. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature]. PMID- 7313207 TI - [Osteoarticular salmonellosis in immunosuppressed patients]. PMID- 7313210 TI - [Primary lymphoma of the spleen: echographic diagnosis]. PMID- 7313209 TI - [Abdominal liposarcoma. Study of 2 cases]. PMID- 7313211 TI - [Permanent pacemakers in the elderly. Indications. Complications. Follow-up]. PMID- 7313208 TI - [Immunoblastic sarcoma]. PMID- 7313215 TI - [DNA content of human spermatozoa]. PMID- 7313213 TI - [Value of translumbar puncture in the diagnosis of renal hydatid cyst]. PMID- 7313212 TI - [Bone metastases of malignant tumors. Report of our case studies]. PMID- 7313214 TI - [Adrenal carcinoma producing ectopic ACTH]. PMID- 7313216 TI - [Chronic gastritis. A histological study using multiple biopsies in 63 patients]. PMID- 7313217 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia with shock and hemorrhagic diathesis]. PMID- 7313218 TI - [Photosensitivity reaction to nalidixic acid. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7313219 TI - [Hypertrichosis following prolonged use of i.v. diazoxide. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7313221 TI - [Control of the fern Pteridium aquilinum in highland pastures in North West Cameroon. Note on preliminary trials conducted at the I.R.Z. Station in Bambui]. PMID- 7313220 TI - [Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary with hypercalcemia, hyperthyroxinemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 7313222 TI - [Contagious reservoir of agalactia in goats caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae in Senegal]. PMID- 7313223 TI - [Notes on dermatophiloses at the Katongola Ranch in Shaba, Zaire. Occurrence and treatment]. PMID- 7313224 TI - The pattern of sensitivity of a Dermatophilus congolensis (D. congolensis) strain to various antibiotics in vitro, in Nigeria. PMID- 7313225 TI - Coccidia oocyst from broiler chickens in Nigeria. PMID- 7313226 TI - [Internal parasites of primates in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Cassard Chambron collection 1956-1960). Pathogenic role - diagnosis - prevention]. PMID- 7313227 TI - In vitro effect of nitroxynil (Trodax) and rafoxanide on adult Fasciola gigantica. PMID- 7313228 TI - [Presence of Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850 (Diptera, Glossininae) in the south of Togo]. PMID- 7313229 TI - [Determination of age of cattle by examination of dentition]. PMID- 7313230 TI - [Continuous survey of natural Senegalese sahelian pasture land]. PMID- 7313231 TI - [Treatment of postoperative pain by peridural analgesia: haemodynamic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313232 TI - [Haemodynamic effects of analgesic anesthesia with fentanyl in mitral valve disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313233 TI - [Vertical nystagmus caused by barbiturates]. PMID- 7313234 TI - [Neurological evaluation of patients with head injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313235 TI - [Anaesthesia and prolactin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313237 TI - [Possibilities of morphinics in the ICU (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313236 TI - [Biochemical repercussion of passive control of respiration during anaesthesia in newborn and small infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313238 TI - [Postoperative resuscitation in a case of removal of ventricular postinfarction aneurysm with mitral valve replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313239 TI - [A case of atypical ventricular arrythmia: "torsade de pointes" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313240 TI - [Surgical correction of Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313241 TI - [Waking-sleeping transition in the newborn baby and in infants before the age of 3 months (author's transl)]. AB - The mode of transition from waking to sleeping was studied using two methods: (1) by the simple observation of behavioural criteria (opening and closing of eyes, crying, motility), and in particular, rapid eye movements (REM); (2) from combined behavioural and polygraphic criteria (recorded REM, chin EMG, respiratory rhythm, EEG). This study shows that sleep may begin without complete eye closure, with half closed eyes or with brief, alternating opening and closing of the eyes. The modifications of the various polygraphic and behavioural parameters depend on the stage of sleep which is the outcome. The changes which most often condition the passage to a given stage of sleep are the following: (a) inhibition of the tonic chin EMG in the transition towards active sleep (AS); (b) modifications of the EEG in the transition towards quiet sleep (QS); (c) stopping of crying and of agitation in the transition towards indeterminate sleep (IS). The comparison of results obtained using the two methods of analysis shows that the simple observation of behavioural parameters overestimates the number of sleep inductions in AS. This method does not take into account discordances between polygraphic parameters. This study confirms the reduction with age of sleep onsets in AS, with a concomitant increase in sleep onsets in QS. It stresses the variability in the mode of onset of sleep in normal children of the same age group, as well as in successive sleep inductions in the same child. PMID- 7313242 TI - [Intra-sleep awakenings in poor sleepers, 20 to 30 years of age. Correlation with anxiety level and personality (author's transl)]. AB - Recordings were made from 43 poor sleepers between the ages of 20 and 30 for at least 4 consecutive nights. Three subject groups were formed on the basis of the awakenings occurring up to the sixth hour of sleep. The first group, with an average of 61 min wakefulness, is characterized by the abundance of long-lasting waking periods. The second group, with 18 min average wakefulness, showed the highest absolute number of awakenings, almost all of which were very brief. The third group, with 6 min average wakefulness, showed a slightly lower number of awakenings, but these were almost exclusively micro-waking periods. The temporal distribution of the waking periods was also different in the first group, in which the longest waking periods occur during the first hour of sleep and remain elevated until the fifth hour of sleep. The latency for falling asleep is particularly high for this group. A correlation exists between the amount of time awake up until the sixth hour of the night and the subject's anxiety level and the neuroticism index. 65% of the subjects obtained pathological scores on one or more MMPI scales. According to the order of frequency these were scales Sc, Pd and Pt. No preferential profile was found. PMID- 7313243 TI - [A study of spontaneous arousal in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Awakening was studied in 15 newborn babies using polygraphic recording to monitor the EEG, eye movements, the EMG activity of muscles of the face (frontal, periorbital and jaw) and to study the respiratory and cardiac rhythms. Twenty arousals, characterized by crying or by eye opening, lasting 2 min were isolated. The two sorts of awakening could be observed in the same child. The study of different parameters during the minutes which precede waking shows that this always happens in agitated sleep, either in a phase of muscular relaxation (9 times), or in a phase of agitation (11 times) characterized by the presence of a phasic EMG activity in the face muscles and brusque movements of the head, the limbs and the body, without tonic activity. This isolated phasic muscle activity, however, was typical of agitated sleep and did not constitute a sign of pre awakening. Awakening was unpredictable, characterized essentially by a prolonged opening of the eyes, crying, and by the return to tonic muscular activity associated with phasic activity. No relation was observed between the mode of awakening and the type of agitated sleep which preceded. PMID- 7313244 TI - [Comparison of the waking EEG with the subjective impressions of the waking individual (author's transl)]. AB - Sleep EEGs of 30 chronic insomnia patients are compared with the patients' subjective estimation of the duration of sleep and the number of waking periods during the night's recording. Overall, the patients overestimated the duration of sleep and, to a lesser degree, the time they awaken in the morning. The number and duration of waking periods in the night were regularly underestimated, and no correlation could be found between the estimated number of waking periods and those actually recorded on the EEG. The composition of sleep on falling asleep and on waking, when these are overestimated, showed an appreciable period of waking sleep at these times (21% and 41% respectively). The authors suggest that their results indicate that study of the transitional periods of sleep and waking may provide a better understanding of insomnia and lead to alternative therapeutic approaches. They also indicate that the shorter duration of sleep is only one aspect of insomnia and other factors are probably important. PMID- 7313245 TI - [Polygraphic study of nocturnal waking in patients with traumatic brain stem injuries (author's transl)]. AB - The waking periods during sleep of 16 patients, having been in post-traumatic coma for 5-40 days (aged 15-28 years), were studied electroencephalographically 1 month (T1) and 6 months (T6) after regaining consciousness and were compared with control subjects. The amount of waking (frequency and duration) increased appreciably at 1 month (20% of total sleep time and 21 awakenings per night) and was augmented even more in those cases in which the initial damage was more severe caudally and the duration of coma longer. At 6 months, the duration of waking was reduced somewhat (12% vs. 3% controls), but the frequency of awakening had not changed. By this stage the level of initial damage did not seem to produce any effect. These results show that the disturbance in the sleep-waking cycle regresses more rapidly the less severe the degree of initial damage was. PMID- 7313246 TI - [24 hour polygraphic study of the waking-up and falling asleep periods in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. AB - 24 h sleep-waking EEG records of 23 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, 18 having hepatic encephalopathy, were studied. Comparison with a group of normal controls showed an increase in diurnal somnolence (08 h-22 h) and nocturnal waking (22 h 08 h) in all the patients. There was a significant reduction in the longest duration of waking and uninterrupted sleep periods in the patients with cirrhosis. Triphasic waves (characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy) were usually increased during waking and reduced in sleep. The factors involved in this disturbance of sleep-waking patterns in hepatic encephalopathy are discussed (cerebral monoamines, false neurotransmitters, cerebral arteriovenous shunts...). PMID- 7313247 TI - Daytime performance deficits and physiological vigilance in untreated patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy compared to controls. AB - Ten patients, 7 female, 3 male, aged 17-65 years (mean 40) with narcolepsy cataplexy were compared off treatment to matched controls on 4 performance tests. The tests were the 1 h Wilkinson auditory vigilance task, and 3 shorter tests including the 4-choice serial reaction time, the paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) and digit span. Tests were counterbalanced and polygraphic recordings were done during all but the 4-choice serial RT. Subjective sleepiness was assessed by the 1-7 levels of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale and effort in the tests by a similar 1-7 scale. Practice sessions were held. Narcoleptics showed poorer performance on the more monotonous tests of auditory vigilance (fewer hits) and the 4-choice serial RT (longer reaction times, more 'gaps'). There were no significant differences between groups on the other performance tests. Narcoleptics were subjectively sleepier during all tests and over-all. But there was no good correlation between perceived degree of sleepiness and performance. They also expressed greater effort to perform the PASAT. The narcoleptics showed greater amounts of drowsiness and light sleep only during the 1 h vigilance test. For the detections of those signals (shorter times) occurring after 13 sec or more of polygraphic wakefulness, narcoleptics performed as well as controls. PMID- 7313248 TI - [Polygraphic study of the effects of various hypnotics on the first sleep cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313249 TI - [Restoration of sleep in cats pretreated with tabernanthine p chlorophenoxyacetate (SAD 103) (author's transl)]. AB - The effects upon sleep returning after an effective dose of Tabernanthine p chlorophenoxyacetate (SAD 103) are studied on chronically implanted cats. The near-total insomnia lasting for 6-8 h provoked by SAD is characterized by a calm waking period broken by periods of drowsiness. Recuperation follows a characteristic pattern: slow-wave sleep first reappears as phasic slow-wave sleep, the duration of the phases augmenting greatly between the 12th and 18th hour, after which slow-wave sleep reappears. After having been blocked for some 10 h, paradoxical sleep is seen again, remaining, however, as does slow-wave sleep, below normal for the first 30 h. The basic mechanisms behind the stimulating effect of SAD 103 are still unknown; hypotheses derived from recent neurophysiological and neurochemical investigations on sleep are discussed. PMID- 7313250 TI - [Experimental hepatic encephalopathy. Study of nycthemeral organization of waking sleep cycle in the rat with portacaval shunt (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313251 TI - [The development of falling asleep during the first months of life in man (author's transl)]. AB - Ten normal infants were studied at 2, 6, 12 and 20 weeks of age. EEG, respiratory rhythm, eye movements and chin EMG were recorded after the evening meal. Recording was continued during the stages of sleep. During the period of falling asleep the periods of REM sleep have been analyzed and compared with the periods of REM sleep occurring after non-REM sleep. REM sleep occurring on falling asleep and that occurring after non-REM sleep differed. Some of the following criteria were different at the earliest time of examination; absence of chin EMG activity, number of apnoeic episodes; other criteria (eye movements, respiration) differed during the first 5 months. The large number of eye movements at 2 and 6 weeks and the high respiratory rate, corresponding to that occurring during waking, could indicate that during REM sleep occurring on falling asleep, one is observing manifestations connected with the waking state. PMID- 7313252 TI - [EEG recording during drowsiness in normal babies aged 2 to 12 months (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313253 TI - [12-hour pattern of the waking state in the normal infant and in the infant who has survived the 'syndrome of sudden infant death' (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the results of 16 sleep EEGs carried out on 5 infants said to have survived the syndrome of sudden infant death (near-miss group) and 5 controls. The recordings were performed at 1.5 months, 3 months and 4.5 months, times when the risk of sudden death is maximum. The EEG appearance and the organization of sleep patterns have been studied in both groups. The various states of wakefulness, and the modalities of sleep and waking were subjected to statistical analysis with respect to age. The study showed no significant difference between the percentages of different states of wakefulness in the control and 'near-miss' group, but there were more sleep onsets in active sleep (REM) in this group compared with the controls and there were fewer waking periods, although when they occurred these were more prolonged. PMID- 7313254 TI - [Sleep onset in infants under continuous feeding from birth: 24 hour recordings (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution in the 24 h period and the electrophysiological patterns of sleep onset have been studied in 18 infants fed continuously from birth to the age of between 1 month 2 weeks and 8 months 2 weeks. Continuous feeding modified neither the number nor the distribution of sleep onsets in the 24 h period. However, some differences with a control group did occur. The number of quiet sleep onsets in younger infants and of paradoxical sleep onsets in older infants were increased in continuously fed infants. In addition, the pattern of sleep onset in continuously fed infants bore no relation to the duration of the waking period preceding it, in contrast to the control group. PMID- 7313255 TI - [EEG appearance during waking and falling asleep in children aged 1-4 years (without serious pathology)(author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied the EEG characteristics of 188 children aged 1-4, without serious pathology, during waking and falling asleep spontaneously in the afternoon. The children were divided into 3 groups: aged 12-23 months, 24-35 months and 36-47 months. On falling asleep the EEG appearances varied, but hypersynchrony was most marked in the youngest children and in the older group theta activity was commonest. Only 3 of the 188 children had runs of paroxysmal activity on falling asleep. The waking study again showed appearances governed by the patients' age with respect to 7 c/sec activity on provoked waking, but the appearances were more diverse on spontaneous waking and anterior theta activity only occurred in the oldest children. In general, a relation appeared to exist between the EEG appearance on falling asleep and on waking, in the respect that children falling asleep without hypersynchrony never wake up with it. PMID- 7313256 TI - [Muscular contractions during sleep in children (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper deals with a transitory axial EMG phenomenon during sleep: muscular contractions visible not only on the EMG channel but on the EEG channels as well. Only those contractions which did not lead to behavioural or electrical awakening were considered here. Records were kept on their number, duration, time of occurrence during the night as well as the sleep stage and the level of the background tonic EMG activity during the 2 minutes preceding and succeeding the contraction. The function of these contractions in the regulation of sleep was discussed: the need for tonic reafferentation or counteraction of prolonged axial hypotony which may bring about discomfort; the maintenance of sleep throughout this periodic reafferentation. PMID- 7313257 TI - [Factor analysis of EEG and polygraphic data during sleep onset in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313258 TI - [Spatio-temporal organisation of EEG during sleep induction and awakening (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313259 TI - [Spatio-temporal organisation of EEG in sleep stages (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis of the existence and independence of multiple generators of the sleep rhythms. Spatio-temporal analysis of the sleep EEG of 6 subjects was realised both visually and by multi dimensional analysis of the parameters of spectral power (PS) and coherence (CH). Four results have been demonstrated: a relative decrease of the global CH during the transition from waking to deep sleep, with reappearance of high CH during paradoxical sleep (PS); (2) a negative correlation between the activities of frontal and occipital regions, mostly for alpha and theta frequencies; (3) a dominance of the activity of one hemisphere (the left here) during sleep, with a possible change of this dominance during paradoxical sleep; (4) a slow oscillation of power (SOP) with a periodicity of 1-5 min. variable according to subjects and sleep stages. These results suggest the existence of two partially independent groups of generators (anterior and posterior) for the slow frequencies of sleep. PMID- 7313260 TI - [Inversion of the polarity of contingent negative variation during falling asleep (author's transl)]. AB - In 25 subjects repeated examination of contingent negative variation (S1 - S2 = 1 sec) under relatively unconstrained experimental conditions (simple, monotonous task, long recording sessions with eyes closed) favorized drowsiness and falling asleep. These periods of low vigilance level, observed in 7 subjects, are characterized by: (1) a global reduction in spontaneous EEG, measured by a diminution in the alpha/theta + delta index (FFT on bipolar leads P3--P4); (2) an inversion in alpha reactivity in the S1 - S2 interval, which, instead of diminishing, tends to augment 'paradoxically'; and (3) an inversion in the polarity of the CNV, which can reach a positive value as high as + 15 to + 20 microV. These electrophysiological phenomena are not accompanied by significant modifications in reaction time. The results are interpreted as the translation of an active 'internal inhibition' process, induced by repetition of monotonic stimuli. They are compared with animal data obtained by MARCZYNSKI and SHERRY (1972) and SKINNER and YINGLING (1977). PMID- 7313262 TI - [Age and insomnia: the number and length of waking periods (author's transl)]. AB - The role and importance of the number of awakenings and their duration in relation to increasing intervening wakefulness were investigated. The data were collected from a group of 38 subjects suffering from chronic primary insomnia, aged 17-70 years, polygraphically recorded; the analysis was made on the second night. With age, the total quantity of intervening wakefulness increases more quickly than the total number of awakenings. The amount of wakefulness due to awakenings lasting greater than or equal to 3 min increases with age. Older insomniacs wake up somewhat more often but, above all, they go back to sleep less quickly. Our hypothesis is that in old patients insomnia is linked to an increase in stability of wakefulness. PMID- 7313261 TI - [Intra-sleep awakenings in relation to habitual sleep length and modifications of the sleep-wake rhythms (author's transl)]. AB - The number of episodes of intervening wakefulness, their duration and their sleep stage occurrence were analyzed in the sleep recordings of 19 young (19-23 years), good sleepers. There were 5 long sleepers (LS), 5 short sleepers (SS) and 9 regular sleepers (RS). The experimental protocol included 2 reference nights, a night sleep recovery (after 36 h of wakefulness) and a day sleep recovery (after 24 h). The night following the day sleep recovery was also recorded. The duration of waking episodes was very stable and was independent both of type of sleeper and of situation. The histogram of these durations seemed to follow an exponential law. The number of awakenings varied according to the individual, the habitual sleep length (SS had very few) and the situation (such as length of prior wakefulness or circadian factors). PMID- 7313263 TI - [Gastroduodenal tumors of the smooth muscle: clinico-pathological study of 12 cases]. PMID- 7313264 TI - [Metabolic effects of gastric bypasses. Experimental study]. PMID- 7313265 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 7313266 TI - [Manometry of the rectum end sigmoid in normal subjects. Basal motor activity and after stimulation with bethanechol chloride]. PMID- 7313269 TI - [Appendicular mucocele]. PMID- 7313268 TI - [Cystic dilatations of the intrahepatic bile ducts: Caroli's disease with massive intrahepatic lithiasis and generalized secondary amyloidosis]. PMID- 7313267 TI - [Multiple hepatic amebic abscesses concomitant with amebic colitis. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7313270 TI - [Various surgical aspects of esophageal achalasia. Experience and results in 74 surgically treated patients]. PMID- 7313271 TI - [Exchange of chloride and bicarbonate at terminal ileum in rabbit: the process active character and physiological sense (author's transl)]. AB - The process of chloride and bicarbonate exchange at the terminal ileum in rabbit and the way it is affected by the alkalinization or acidification of the caecum have been studied. Chloride absorption and bicarbonate secretion takes place at the terminal ileum in rabbit. Administration of DNP (5 X 10(-4) M) in the solution together with an i.v. injection of the same substance (0.11 mg/100 g weight) decreased chloride absorption and, quite markedly, bicarbonate secretion in the ileum. Introduction of an alkaline solution into the caecum reduces bicarbonate secretion in the ileum and simultaneously decreases chloride absorption. Introduction of an acid solution into the caecum produces an increase in ileal bicarbonate secretion, while it reduces chloride absorption. PMID- 7313272 TI - Immunocomplexes and tumour growth. Detection of immunocomplexes in high and low malignant tumour sublines. AB - Two different techniques to measure immunocomplexes on biological fluids are presented. The first one is based on the inhibition of the antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). A competition is established between immunocomplexes and the rabbit anti chicken antibodies bound to chicken red blood cells for the Fc receptors of K cells. The second technique detects the presence of immunocomplexes by the inhibition of the cytotoxicity on a haemolytic system as a result of the consumption of the complement. Both techniques were performed in parallel to compare their sensitivity. The presence of immunocomplexes in the ascites of tumour bearing mice has been demonstrated with two highly related tumours (MCG4 O and MGC4 C) with different immunogenic properties. No immunocomplexes were detected in the serum of the same mice. PMID- 7313273 TI - Inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin-induced transformation of lymphocytes by human spleen extracts. AB - The presence in human spleen extracts of a substance capable of inhibiting the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced transformation of lymphocytes into lymphoblasts was demonstrated by analysing the nuclear size of cultured human lymphocytes. In this way the artefacts produced by the methods based on the uptake of 3H thymidine were avoided. The inhibitor did not compete with PHA for the same membrane receptor-site, since adding the extract 24 h after the PHA-stimulation still produced a significant inhibition. The lack of cytotoxicity of the extract was demonstrated by the fact that cultures that lasted for six days, instead of three days, resulted in a pattern similar to that of control cultures. An attempt to partially purify the inhibitor by means of ammonium sulphate fractionation showed that the highest activity precipitated between 0.5 and 0.6 saturation although, due to the characteristics of the assay, it was difficult to assess the actual degree of purification. PMID- 7313274 TI - Immunogenetic studies of H-2 antigens of MCG 3 tumour cells. AB - MCG 3 is a B 10(H-2b) sarcoma induced as a solid tumour with 0.2 mg of methylcholantrene in our laboratory. The ascites form obtained was used to study the expression of H-2 antigeneic specificities in a postlabelling radioassay. H 2D.2, H-2K.33 (private specificities of H-2b) and H-2.28, H-2.35 (public specificities) were normally expressed for MCG 3 while H-2.5, H-2.29, H-2.36 (public specificities) were abnormally absent. These results were confirmed by quantitative absorption analysis using MCG 3 and positive-negative normal lymphoid cells for a particular specificity. PMID- 7313275 TI - [Conduction and origin of evoked potentials in the somesthetic pathway (author's transl)]. AB - In 24 normal subjects, sensory conduction velocity increased progressively from the distal to the proximal segments of the peripheral nervous system. In the central somatosensory pathway, sensory impulses slowed down at a rate much greater than what could be expected from just the three known synaptic delays (1 ms each) in medulla, thalamus and somatosensory cortex. The present data point to the special characteristic of conduction in the thalamo-cortical axons as the main cause for the deceleration observed in the central somatosensory pathway. A conduction velocity of 14 m/s has been calculated for this last segment. However it is also possible that sensory conduction in the medial lemniscus might be reduced in relation to the conduction values in the peripheral segments. PMID- 7313276 TI - [Responses to electrical stimulation in the ruminal artery-rumen wall preparation (author's transl)]. AB - The responses of the ruminal artery-rumen wall preparation to the following periartery stimulations: 64-128 HZ, 5-100 ms, 30-50 V, 10-30 s have been studied. The responses to electrical stimulation were biphasic in nature (contraction relaxation). Six distinct types were classified, related to their differentiating characters. There seems to be important differences between the ruminal smooth muscle and the smooth muscle at another organic levels, since the responses to frequencies higher than 64 HZ in preparations of non-ruminal smooth muscle originated rather relaxing responses. PMID- 7313277 TI - Effect of diphenylhydantoin, granatane-3-spiro-5'-hydantoin and leptazol on mouse brain glutamate dehydrogenase, urea and ammonia levels in brain. AB - The effect of diphenylhydantoin (DPH), granatane-3-spiro-5'-hydantoin and leptazol has been checked on both GDH activity and ammonia and urea levels in brain. Concentrations of 90 mg/kg of leptazol decreased, significantly, the ammonium and urea levels in brain with respect to normal control. DPH and G-3SH had no effect on these metabolites against normal control. The association of DPH and leptazol decreased both urea and ammonium levels in brain but the association of G-3SH and leptazol decreased, significantly, urea levels but not ammonium's. DPH, leptazol at 90 mg/kg concentration and the association of DPH or G-3SH with leptazol had no significant effect on GDH activity while G-3SH increased the enzyme activity when it was measured in the direction of glutamate degradation. DPH, G-3SH and both concentrations of leptazol decreased the GDH activity when it was checked in the direction of glutamate synthesis. The association of DPH and leptazol did not produce any effects, while the association of G-3SH-leptazol increased the enzyme activity. DPH and G-3SH and leptazol at 110 mg/kg concentration decreased the relation of GDH activity between the biosynthetic and degradative sense. The association of G-3SH-leptazol increased this relation while leptazol and its association with DPH did not affect it. PMID- 7313278 TI - [Influence of the superior laryngeal and recurrent nerves on several reflex respiratory responses (author's transl)]. AB - Respiratory effects determined by mechanical stimulation of several areas on the upper respiratory airways epithelium have been studied in cat. Influences of superior laryngeal and recurrent nerves were also observed. Air flow larynx resistance changes have been recorded by means of glottis in situ and isolated technique. Mechanical stimulation of tracheal epithelium showed a cough response with a larynx resistance decrease. The same response was obtained by electrical stimulation of the central end of the recurrent nerve. Bilateral section of those nerves produced a larynx resistance decrease which brought out the predominance of a constrictor tone in the larynx intrinsic muscles maintained by recurrent efferent fibres. Mechanical stimulation of subglottal epithelium was characterized by apnea followed by cough, glottis closures and again expiratory apnea. Bilateral section of superior laryngeal nerves suppressed the above response, otherwise obtained by electrical stimulation of the central end. Mechanical stimulation of supraglottal epithelium was characterized by glottis closures and occasional coughing. Bilateral section of superior laryngeal nerves did not alter this effect. PMID- 7313279 TI - Function of atrioventricular node conduction: hyperbolic model. AB - Twenty four patients were subjected to an electrophysiologic clinical procedure. The conventional extrastimulus test was applied to verify the relation between conduction time increase through the atrioventricular node of the extrastimulus beat (delta AH), and its preceding interval (A1A2). Following the least square root method the parameters of the hyperbolic model delta AH.A1A2 = m . delta AH + n were adjusted. The correlation coefficients obtained and tested in all cases were very high and significant. From this hyperbolic equation it was possible to determine the equations for the effective refractory period (ERPe = m) and functional refractory period (FRPe = ERPe + n). The theoretical values for refractoriness approached very closely those of the actually measured ERP and FRP, in all cases. This model proved to be, in respect to adjustments and especially in calculating refractory periods, at least as good as the exponential model proposed previously by other authors. PMID- 7313280 TI - Effect of calcium omission on active transport in suckling rats. PMID- 7313281 TI - [Physiopathological role of intestinal absorption of alimentary antigens]. PMID- 7313282 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 7313283 TI - ["Short-circuit" renal tubular acidosis. A new syndrome?]. PMID- 7313284 TI - [Extrapancreatic abdominal complications of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma]. PMID- 7313285 TI - [Complement in the synovial fluid. Diagnostic usefulness of its correction with protein fractions]. PMID- 7313286 TI - [Hemoglobinopathies in Italy. Geographic distribution and criteria for their screening]. PMID- 7313287 TI - [Can the Doppler method indicate the usefulness of vasodilator therapy?]. PMID- 7313288 TI - [The situation of thalidomide-affected young people in choosing an occupation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313289 TI - [Empirical comparative study on attitudes of dysmelic and non-disabled young people in the process of choice of occupation (author's transl)]. AB - The present study deals with the question whether there are differences between disabled (n = 83) and non-disabled (n = 32) subjects concerning their ratings of (a) their subjective confidence in their potential for occupational activities and (b) the anticipated requirements of their intended jobs. No statistical differences have been found. Thalidomide-affected subjects however tend to choose an occupation the anticipated requirements of which are identical with their own subjective confidence in potential skills while ablebodied subjects ascribe themselves a wider range of potential skills their intended jobs. No statistical differences have been found. Thalidomide-affected subjects however tend to choose an occupation the anticipated requirements of which are identical with their own subjective confidence in potential skills while ablebodied subjects ascribe themselves a wider range of potential skills their intended jobs. No statistical differences have been found. Thalidomide-affected subjects however tend to choose an occupation the anticipated requirements of which are identical with their own subjective confidence in potential skills while ablebodied subjects ascribe themselves a wider range of potential skills and abilities, beyond those required by the chosen job. The second emphasis of the study dealt with the effects of the "induced" occurrence of events unrelated to the training itself on the remaining preparedness for activity (frustration tolerance). Disabled subjects demonstrate significantly higher frustration ratings in the "reactions of attachment figures" factor than the control subjects. This does however not diminish their preparedness for activity (i.e. to train for the chosen occupation). The study is based on the choice of occupation behaviour questionnaires by Bender-Szymanski (1976). PMID- 7313290 TI - [Functional variants in applying anatomical forearm splinting (author's transl)]. AB - Two practical examples are given to demonstrate variants in the use of anatomical forearm-hand splinting in a child with arthrogryposis. Crucial to successful application had been thorough functional assessment carried out previously by the occupational therapist. PMID- 7313292 TI - Value-laden beliefs and principles for rehabilitation. PMID- 7313291 TI - Personal care attendants: key to living independently. PMID- 7313293 TI - Alternative concerns for rehabilitation professionals. PMID- 7313294 TI - The interaction of histone H1 with pyran co-polymer. AB - Complexes formed by the interaction of histone H1 and the immunomodulator Pyran co-polymer, were evaluated using nephelometric titration. At a constant concentration of histone (10 microgram/ml), maximum turbidity was obtained at a Pyran concentration of 2 microgram/ml. Titration of H1 by Pyran was found to be sensitive to ionic strength. Concentration of Na+ greater than 200 mM or Mg+2 greater than 3 mM apparently blocked Pyran . H1 complex formation. PMID- 7313295 TI - Drug metabolism and fetal toxicity: changes in fetal toxicity of aminopyrine by variation of drug metabolizing enzyme activity in mice. AB - The influence of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity on the fetal toxicity of aminopyrine (AM, 200 mg/kg s.c.) was examined in mice. We used the hepatic enzyme inhibitors metyrapon (40 mg/kg s.c.) and SKF-525-A (20 mg/kg s.c.), simultaneously administered with AM on days 7-9 of pregnancy. As hepatic enzyme inducers we used 3-methyl-cholanthrene (3-MC, 2 mg/kg s.c.) and CoCl2 (40 mg/kg s.c.) were administered on days 5-7 of pregnancy followed by AM on days 7-9. The fetal toxicity of the enzyme inducers and inhibitors was not significantly different from controls. Fetal toxicity of AM (57.1%) was slightly increased and decreased by metyrapon (26.8%). Pretreatment with CoCl2 markedly increased the fetal toxicity of AM (88.6%), particularly by an increase in new abnormalities but the decrease in AM toxicity by SKF-525-A was unclear. The induction of AM N demethylase and aniline hydroxylase activity was observed in liver microsomes from pregnant mice treated with phenobarbital and AM. From these findings, it appears that the fetal toxicity of AM was altered according to induced changes in maternal hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities. PMID- 7313296 TI - Cardiac glycosides and bronchomotor tone: effects of ouabain on tracheal smooth muscle contractility. PMID- 7313297 TI - Estimation of infarct size by determination of myocardial 3H-tetracycline accumulation in the coronary ligated rat. AB - Myocardial infarction was produced in rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Rats were injected with 3H-tetracycline (50 muCi/kg) i.p., 10 minutes prior to ligation. The rats were killed at various time periods after ligation and the myocardial accumulation of 3H-tetracycline determined in the left ventricle or in whole heart homogenates. CPK was also determined in the myocardium or serum. Myocardial 3H-tetracycline was not significantly elevated in the whole heart homogenates. However, there was a significant increase in 3H tetracycline in the digests of the left ventricle 6 h post-infarct. This increase correlated very well with serum CPK activity. This suggest that this method could be a useful tool in the estimation of infarct size. PMID- 7313298 TI - Effect of D-penicillamine on liver glutathione. AB - D-penicillamine is believed to protect against liver injury induced by certain chemicals. This view is based on the assumption that penicillamine is a structural analogue of cysteine, methionine, and congeners which protect against liver injury, perhaps by preventing GSH depletion, and that penicillamine also prevents GSH depletion. Our data indicate on the other hand that penicillamine actually depletes GSH and in animals may predispose to rather than prevent hepatic damage. PMID- 7313300 TI - Studies on nitrosamine metabolism. III. Comparison of the subcellular distribution of radioactivity in tissues of RFM and BALB/c mice following administration of [14C]diethylnitrosamine. AB - The tissue distribution of radioactivity in male RFM and BALB/c mice was investigated following a single dose of [14C]-labeled diethylnitrosamine (DEN). The radiolabel was associated with all the subcellular fractions, and the majority of the radioactivity was located in the cytosol fraction. The majority of the radiolabel was usually eliminated from the fractions within 16-24 hrs after [14C]DEN administration. PMID- 7313299 TI - Myocardial mitochondrial synthesis in response to various workloads. AB - Mitochondrial synthesis of subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria in the perfused heart was measured under four different conditions; low heart rate (HR) and low peak left ventricular systolic pressure (PLVSP), low HR and high PLVSP, high HR and low PLVSP, and high HR and high PLVSP. The SS mitochondria exhibited the greatest rate of synthesis under all conditions, although the percentage of change from simulated resting state a low HR and low PLVSP varied with the workload. These data suggest a specificity of function of mitochondria determined by subcellular localization and myocardial workload. PMID- 7313302 TI - Pharmacokinetics of drugs in blood II. Unusual distribution and storage effect of furosemide. AB - Furosemide was found to exhibit both in vitro and in vivo unusual distribution kinetics in whole blood. For example, at an initial blood concentration of 10 microgram/ml, a 'trough' plasma level phenomenon occurring at 5 min was found in the in vitro study using blood from humans, rabbits, and dogs. A similar effect was also observed in rabbits following intravenous dosing. The effect of the time elapsed between blood collection and centrifugation on the measured plasma level, the so called 'blood storage effect' was clearly demonstrated in rabbit studies. A difference of up to 32% was found. Furosemide was found to be stable in blood, and the equilibrium plasma/blood cell concentration ratios were about 1.5-2.0 at 0.1-50 micrograms/ml in blood. PMID- 7313301 TI - Effect of unconjugated bilirubin on the uptake of p-aminohippuric acid by the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The effect produced by unconjugated bilirubin (UB) on p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) translocation from plasma to the urine, was analyzed by using an isolated rat kidney preparation applying the multiple indicator dilution technique. Arterial to- urine mean transit times and fractional recoveries of creatinine and PAH in the venous effluent, were calculated before and after the incorporation of UB into the system. PAH influx into cells, its efflux from the cells to the capillaries, and its movement between lumen and tubular cells were also calculated. The results indicated that PAH influx into cells was impaired in the presence of UB. The phenomenom was shown to be dose-dependent. On the contrary, the efflux of PAH to the capillaries that was also impaired by UB, seemed to be unrelated to the pigment concentration within the system. Movement of PAH between lumen and tubular cells also appeared to be affected by UB. The results obtained suggested that UB interferes with the renal handling of PAH but the mechanism involved could not be clarified with the model used. PMID- 7313303 TI - Hexoprenaline pharmacokinetics in pregnant and nonpregnant sheep. AB - Hexoprenaline, a beta 2-sympathomimetic agent, is used to suppress uterine contractions in the treatment of premature labor. However, little is known regarding the potential of this drug to undergo placental transfer or whether the pregnant state alters any of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Using sheep as a model, intravenous doses of 14C-hexoprenaline were administered to pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Measurable levels of radioactivity did not appear in fetal blood samples. After intravenous bolus administration, blood concentrations in the ewe could be fitted by a triexponential curve characteristic of a three compartment pharmacokinetic model. Following intravenous infusion, a biexponential curve described the decline in blood concentrations. Mean terminal half lives for total radioactivity ranged from 2.5 to 4.2 hours. The pregnant animals tended to exhibit smaller apparent volumes of distribution and lower values for total body clearance, normalized to body weight, compared to non pregnant sheep. PMID- 7313304 TI - Catechol-O-methyl transferase activity in human mononuclear cells. AB - Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) activity was investigated in human peripheral mononuclear cells and in human lymphoblastoid cells lines. In any case, we have detected enzymatic activity in the membrane fraction of the cells. Km was found to be 4-9 10(-6) M and the enzyme was inhibited by tropolone and the lack of magnesium. The eventual association of COMT with adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase system in mononuclear cells is discussed. PMID- 7313305 TI - Adriamycin induced alterations in canine Purkinje fiber action potential. AB - To study the electrophysiologic effects of adriamycin, transmembrane action potential characteristics of canine purkinje fibers were analyzed. Adriamycin significantly (p less than 0.05) prolonged action potential duration and refractory period but did not significantly alter resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, dV/dt max and threshold for stimulation. Furthermore adriamycin effects were not reversible 20 minutes after the drug had been 'washed out'. These data indicate that adriamycin has significant cardiac electrophysiology effects that may account for its toxicity in man and that these effects are not quickly reversible. PMID- 7313306 TI - Changes in cell shape and induction of cell differentiation in the protozoan Herpetomonas samuelpessoai by cholinergic drugs. AB - Carbamylcholine, Pilocarpine and Atropine, but not Epinephrine, inhibited the motility of Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, when added to the suspension medium for 1 h. In addition, protozoan cells became spherical under the influence of atropine. This drug also induced the formation of the more differentiated opistomastigote form of the protozoan, in 60 per cent of growing cells, whereas these forms represented less than 5 per cent in untreated cultures. This may indicate that cholinergic receptors are present in this protozoan. PMID- 7313307 TI - The effect of aminoglycosides on glomerular endothelium: a comparative study. AB - In addition to being tubular nephrotoxins, the aminoglycosides are known to injure the glomerular endothelium by decreasing the diameter and density of endothelial fenestrae. To determine whether or not these changes correlate with the rank order of toxicity we compared in rats the effects of netilmicin, tobramycin, and amikacin on renal function, tubular and glomerular ultrastructure, at 10 and 25 times the recommended human dose. According to measurements of glomerular filtration rate their rank order of toxicity, in increasing severity was: netilmicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. The same order of effect was observed on glomerular ultrastructure. Thus glomerular structural changes correspond to glomerular functional changes in this model. PMID- 7313308 TI - Cain's quinolinium (NSC 176319): protection of murine L1210 leukemia cells and bone marrow progenitor cells against mechlorethamine cytotoxicity and its application to combination chemotherapy. AB - Cain's Quinolinium; quinolinium, 6-amino-1-methyl-4[[[[[[(1-methyl-pyridinium-4 yl)amino]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]amino] (NSC 176319), is a chemotherapeutic agent, which is equally cytotoxic in vitro to both murine L1210 leukemia cells and bone marrow progenitor cells. At non-toxic concentrations it equally protects L1210 cells and bone marrow progenitor cells against mechlorethamine cytotoxicity. However, treatment of murine L1210 leukemia bearing mice with the combination of Cain's Quinolinium and mechlorethamine at a mole ratio of 1:1 resulted in 100% long term survivors compared to 50% with Cain's Quinolinium alone or 0% with mechlorethamine alone. PMID- 7313309 TI - Experimental infection of pigs with Oesophagostomum dentatum: pathogenesis and parasitology of repeated mass infection. AB - Pigs receiving a limited ration of 1 kg commercial feed per day were infected daily with 50,000 Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae. The animals exhibited serious diarrhoea and anorexia. Although there was neither anaemia nor hypoproteinaemia, there was a significant decrease in plasma sodium and an increase in blood urea nitrogen at the end of the experiment. Large numbers of third and fourth stage larvae were found in the ileal, caecal and colonic mucosae. Only fourth stage larvae, never adults, were observed in the lumen. A continual expulsion of large quantities of third and fourth stage larvae were demonstrated in the faeces beginning with the appearance of diarrhoea. Neither Vibrio coli, Salmonella spp nor Balantidium coli contributed to the course of the enteritis. PMID- 7313311 TI - Responses of fluke-infected and fluke-free cattle to experimental reinfection with Salmonella dublin. AB - Cattle, aged nine to 18 months, were given sublethal doses of Salmonella dublin either intravenously, orally on two occasions, or by contact for 19 to 22 weeks with a persistent excretor. When challenged by intravenous injection of 10(9) S dublin at 10 to 22 weeks after their first exposure to S dublin 22 out of 36 animals survived. All similarly challenged cattle, which had not been previously exposed to S dublin, died. Infection with Fasciola hepatica did not alter the ability of cattle to survive reinfection with S dublin but the bacteria persisted in the tissues and were excreted in the faeces of fluke-infected animals for longer than in fluke-free animals. The ability to survive reinfection and to eliminate S dublin from the tissues was apparently unrelated to agglutinating antibody titres or delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 7313310 TI - Prolonged anthelmintic effect of closantel and disophenol against a thiabendazole selected resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus in sheep. AB - Two long-acting anthelmintics, closantel and disophenol, were tested by treatment 90, 60 and 30 days before challenge with a thiabendazole selected laboratory strain of Haemonchus contortus. The sheep were slaughtered 28 days after infection for total worm counts. A significant reduction in the number of adults remaining at autopsy was recorded after treatment with both anthelmintics 30 and 60 days before challenge but there was zero efficacy when the animals were treated 90 days before challenge. No significant difference was exhibited between the two compounds. Variability in response was recorded between animals on the 60 day period of treatment, which for disophenol may be dose related because animals receiving the lower volumes showed higher worm counts. For both anthelmintics a variability in the rate of metabolism may be responsible. The possibility offered by both anthelmintics for treating benzimidazole resistant strains of H contortus is discussed. PMID- 7313312 TI - Metabolic effects of fasting in steers. AB - The effect of starvation for five days on blood levels of various hormones and metabolites was studied in seven steers. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in thyroxine (free and total), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (free and total), immunoreactive insulin, propionic acid, butyric acid and glucose, 3,3',5' triiodothyronine and alpha-aminoacid-N levels did not change. Free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, urea, isobutyrate, alpha-methylbutyrate and isovalerate, total protein and albumin significantly (P less than 0.05) increased. PMID- 7313313 TI - Plasma phenolsulphonphthalein index in experimental renal disease in sheep. PMID- 7313315 TI - Use of a calf salmonellosis model to evaluate the therapeutic properties of trimethoprim and sulphadiazine and their mutual potentiation in vivo. PMID- 7313314 TI - Appraisal of the suitability of a disease model of acute salmonellosis in calves for chemotherapeutic studies. AB - When young calves were dosed orally with 10(10) organisms of a culture of Salmonella dublin, typical symptoms of acute salmonellosis followed with a death rate of 86 per cent. Peak mortality occurred six days after infection. As a result of a statistical appraisal of the consistency of mortality in groups of untreated calves a model is proposed for the therapeutic evaluation of antibacterial compounds, which compares the number of survivors in groups of seven or eight calves with a minimum of four needed for significant indication of efficacy. Bacteriological and pathological investigations showed that the experimental disease was initially an acute systemic infection followed by severe enteritis. Measurements of plasma concentrations of enzymes and other constituents did not achieve the desired objective of establishing a method of quantitative evaluation of the clinical status of individual animals, although some changes occurred which were consistent with the pathology of the disease and suggested possible mechanisms by which jaundice occurred. PMID- 7313316 TI - Postnatal changes in erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in sheep and cattle. PMID- 7313318 TI - Autografting and allografting of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. AB - The autografting and allografting of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma was attempted. Autologous transplantation of primary ocular squamous cell carcinoma to subcutaneous sites initiated tumour growth at some sites in 11 of 17 animals when tumour pieces were used. The transplanted tumours showed progressive growth after a latent period of one to 10 weeks and attained a size of 1 cm between two and 16 weeks after implantation. Autologous tumour pieces also grew in the thoracic cavity of one animal but failed to grow in the peritoneal cavity of this animal and three other cattle. Tumour pieces obtained from subcutaneous autografts of two animals were reduced to single cell suspensions by trypsinisation at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Each of these animals received five subcutaneous injections of 15 X 10(6) viable autologous cells per site for each preparation. No progressive growth was recorded at these sites. Autologous cultured tumour cells also failed to initiate progressive growth in two animals receiving 5 X 10(6) and 15 X 10(6) viable cells respectively. Pieces of subcutaneous autografts were reimplanted on five animals and progressive tumour growth was initiated on all five animals. In one animal the tumour pieces used for reimplantation had been stored in a liquid nitrogen refrigerator for seven days. Allografting was successful in only one of 10 attempts. The allograft grew until 10 weeks after implantation, then regressed spontaneously. No spontaneous regression was seen with autografts after progressive growth was recorded. PMID- 7313319 TI - Effect of bursal perfusate on IgG antibody production in incomplete surgically and hormonally bursectomised chickens. AB - Bursa of Fabricius tissues of untreated four-week-old and of cyclophosphamide treated 10-day-old chickens were cultured by a perfusion method and the perfusate used in a study on the enhancement of antibody production and conversion in chickens. The bursal perfusates were given to incompletely immunosuppressed chickens (surgical bursectomy or hormonal bursectomy) and to control chickens which were immunised with either sheep red blood cells or Brucella abortus. The results indicated that bursal perfusate was successful in accelerating the IgM production in surgically bursectomised chickens and in stimulating IgG production. We were able to stimulate IgG production in IgM producing hormonally bursectomised chickens and to shorten the latent period of antibody production against B abortus antigen in normal chickens. PMID- 7313317 TI - Immunoglobulin content of the respiratory tract secretions of piglets from birth to 10 weeks old. PMID- 7313320 TI - Clinicopathological aspects of imidocarb dipropionate toxicity in horses. AB - Six groups of four adult horses were twice injected intramuscularly at a 24 hour interval with 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 mg/kg of imidocarb dipropionate (IMDP) and monitored for 21 days. The LD50 of IMDP for 21 days after injection was two doses of 15.99 +/- 1.49 mg/kg with mortalities occurring within six days following the first injection. Increasing levels of IMDP were correlated with increasing rates of morbidity, mortality, local and systemic reactions, increasing levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum aspartate amino transferase, serum sorbitol dehydrogenase, serum creatine phosphokinase, neutrophilia and increasing severity of renal, hepatic and pulmonary lesions. Mortalities were attributed to acute renal cortical tubular necrosis and acute periportal hepatic necrosis induced by two injections of 16 or 32 mg/kg of IMDP. PMID- 7313322 TI - Use of second molar eruption in age estimation of cattle. AB - The intra-oral development of the second molar in cattle was examined using a system of molar codes based on degree of eruption. Observations on eight Friesian heifers seen more than once were compared with those from 320 cattle studied by the cross-sectional method. The average ages of the Friesians for a given degree of eruption tended to be higher than those in the larger survey. There were too few data to provide a statistical comparison but, by using the age range for each stage of second upper molar development, it was found that in absolute terms an animal showing no emergence of the tooth was younger than one exhibiting complete eruption of the rostral and caudal units. In addition, in most cases an animal at molar code 1 (rostral unit emerging, caudal unit not visible) was younger than one at molar code 8 (rostral and caudal units both fully up). Although the method of second molar development had limitations in age estimation it did provide an indication at a time before eruption of the first permanent incisor tooth pair and the age range at each stage of molar development tended to be lower than for the permanent rostral teeth. PMID- 7313323 TI - Isolation and characterisation of bovine adenoviruses types 3, 4 and 8 from free living African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer). PMID- 7313324 TI - Evidence for the presence of brown adipose tissue in the pig. AB - Small quantities of tissue closely resembling brown adipose tissue have been found in pigs aged two to three months. The tissue, which was taken post mortem from near the great veins in the neck, in the subscapular area and close to the adrenal and thyroid glands, was embedded in connective tissue or white adipose tissue. Examination under the light microscope and electron microscope revealed the following features characteristic of brown adipocytes: multilocular fat: large, round nucleus; numerous mitochondria with cristae; the presence of large amounts of glycogen, and the close proximity of numerous unmyelinated nerve cells with synaptic vesicle filled varicosities. No mitochondrial inclusions were seen. It is suggested that this finding of brown adipose tissue could lead to a better understanding of the control of non-shivering thermogenesis. PMID- 7313321 TI - Antibody levels in cattle naturally infected with Taenia saginata metacestodes in Britain. PMID- 7313325 TI - Effect of cardiac arrest on exsanguination in pigs. PMID- 7313326 TI - Ultrastructural observations on Pasteurella multocida type A (bovine origin). PMID- 7313327 TI - In vitro responses of lymphocytes from cattle with advanced Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection to homologous and heterologous antigens. AB - The accuracy with which the purified lymphocyte and whole blood modifications of the lymphocyte stimulation test were able to detect animals with clinical Johne's disease was compared with that of the complement fixation test and microscopic faecal examination. Confirmatory diagnosis of Johne's disease was based upon histopathological examination of intestinal tissue. False positive results were obtained only with the complement fixation test. The only test not giving rise to false negative results was the purified lymphocyte modification of the lymphocyte stimulation test using johnin at 20 micrograms/ml and avian tuberculin at 20 micrograms/ml or 2 micrograms/ml. The whole blood technique was less accurate than the purified lymphocyte technique for the in vitro detection of cell mediated immune responses to antigens. The purified lymphocyte technique appears to have potential as an diagnostic test for Johne's disease in cattle and merits further evaluation. PMID- 7313329 TI - Cytology of postbronchoscopically collected sputum samples and its diagnostic value. AB - The usefulness of the cytology of postbronchoscopically collected sputum (PBS) samples in the diagnosis of neoplastic lung disease has been studied in 113 cases. The overall diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) alone was 77%, 87% in 77 central tumors and 58% in 36 peripheral ones. With the addition of PBS, the positive results increased to 91% in the 113 cases (p less than 0.01), to 94% n central tumors (p greater than 0.05) and to 83% in peripheral lesions (p less than 0.02). In 15 cases PBS offered the unique positive results. 73 cases with histological confirmation showed a good cytohistological correlation in 82%. Our report suggests that PBS is a useful technique in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Its systematic use does not seem to be justified in central tumors, but it is of great value in peripheral tumors when fluoroscopic control is not available. PMID- 7313328 TI - Action of sobrerol on mucociliary transport. AB - Some pharmacological properties of Sobrerol have been assessed, in frog palate preparation, by measuring the mucociliary transport velocity due to mucus samples obtained for patients suffering from chronic bronchial inflammatory diseases characterized by dense bronchial secretions. The patients were studied before and after 4 days of treatment with Sobrerol, 600 mg per day per os. The significant increase in the relative ratio of mucociliary transport of mucus of treated patients, together with evidence coming from previous experiments, indicates that this drug is capable of modifying rheological properties of bronchial secretions, in such patients, through an "in-vivo' muco-regulating activity, thus facilitating mucociliary clearance. PMID- 7313330 TI - Myelin sheath maturation of intrapulmonary axon bundles in the rabbit fetus. AB - The development of intrapulmonary myelin sheaths began in the central parts of the lung and proceeded towards the periphery. It started suddenly on the 25th post conceptional (p.c.) day. Early stages of myelination could be demonstrated in the periphery on the 27th day p.c (2) Axons not surrounded by Schwann cells could be seen in large numbers on the 24th and 25th day p.c. but they became fewer on the following days. (3) Myelinated axons was found were often at the periphery of the axon bundle. The maximum number of myelin layers was 7 on the 25th day p.c. and 30 on the 31st day p.c. (4) Axons at early stages of myelination were seen along with axons with more progressive myelin sheath development. Abnormal structures of myelinated fibers could be demonstrated. Their significance is discussed. PMID- 7313333 TI - Carcinoma arising in a calcified bronchogenic cyst. AB - A round calcified mass located in the anterior mediastinal compartment was removed in a 42-year-old man. The histopathological diagnosis was bronchogenic cyst with foci of anaplastic carcinoma and areas of osseous metaplasia. The rarity of these findings and the possibility of malignancy in bronchogenic cysts is discussed. PMID- 7313331 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with Marfan syndrome. PMID- 7313332 TI - Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. AB - 6 cases of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica are discussed. Diagnoses were established ante mortem. Endoscopic examination was performed in 3 patients because of hematic expectoration, in the other 3 cases the induction was given by chronic bronchorhea, slow-resolving pneumonia and suspected neoplasia, respectively. Calcification and cartilaginous areas were restricted to a small portion of the tracheobronchial tree in 1 of the cases; in 3 cases the disease affected the trachea and both main bronchi, whereas it was found markedly spread throughout the trachea in the last 2 patients. Tracheal tomography and bronchoscopic examination are considered the methods of choice for an ante mortem diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 7313334 TI - Thoracoabdominal mechanics in dyspnea. AB - 80 severely ill patients with various lung diseases were studied in order to relate the feeling of breathlessness at rest with the severity of lung mechanical impairment. Moderate to severe dyspnea (grade 2 to grade 3) at rest was present only in 46 of 80 patients (57%) with severe lung disease. The prevalence of breathlessness at rest among the various lung diseases was as follows: 80% in acute bronchial asthma, 70% acute interstitial pneumonia, 50% in diffuse lung fibrosis and 30% in chronic obstructive lung disease. None of the 10 X 9 measured or calculated parameters (IVC, FEV1, FEV1/IVC X 100, TGV, RV, RV/TLC X 100, TLC, MMEF, CC/TLC X 100, SGaw I-E, FV curve indices, quasi-static transpulmonary pressure, dynamic compliance, gastric pressure and RR) seemed to characterize the patients presenting with severe dyspnea. High breathing frequency, low SCdyn and a near negative abdominal pressure consistently identified a small group of subjects with severe dyspnea at rest, regardless of the underlying lung disease. PMID- 7313335 TI - Ventilatory pattern during handgrip on normal man. AB - We studied the ventilatory response to an isometric handgrip (50% maximum voluntary contraction) in 7 young normal subjects. VE increased significantly during isometric contraction due to increases in Vt/Ti (the mean inspiratory flow) and Ti/Ttot (the timing component of ventilation). The increase in Vt/Ti is greater than that in Ti/Ttot; thus, the contribution of the neural inspiratory drive is predominant in increasing the pulmonary ventilation during a handgrip. PMID- 7313336 TI - Respiratory function 8 years after a diagnosis of peripheral airways disease. AB - A program of screening for airways obstruction was designed to examine: (1) the precision and the reliability of the proposed tests (2) the evolution of respiratory impairment in 69 subjects, 8 years after a diagnosis of peripheral (small) airways obstruction. The tests that exhibit very good reliability are: vital capacity, total lung capacity, 1-second forced expiratory volume, single breath CO diffusion capacity, curvilinearity score; and the ratio of closing capacity to total lung capacity. 39% of smokers and 15% of nonsmokers developed central airways obstruction 8 years after the diagnosis of peripheral airways disease. These results confirm the hypothesis that small airways may be regarded as a noisy rather than a silent zone. PMID- 7313337 TI - Airway function in sarcoidosis: effect of short-term steroid therapy. AB - 13 previously untreated patients suffering from early pulmonary sarcoidosis (stages II and III) were studied radiologically and physiologically after 4 months of corticosteroid treatment. The results of airway function studies before and after corticosteroid treatment were compatible with small airway disease that did not improve after treatment. Before steroids, the main abnormalities were decreased diffusion and compliance, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients, and the presence of frequency-dependent compliance. After steroids, significant improvement was found in diffusion and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients, but compliance as well as frequency-dependent compliance did not improve. PMID- 7313338 TI - Different therapies and factors influencing response to therapy in idiopathic diffuse fibrosing alveolitis. AB - The success of 3 different treatment regimens was compared in 15 patients with diffuse fibrosing alveolitis. Improvement or deterioration of lung function (vital capacity (VC) and PaO2 changes during exercise) were used as a control of therapy. The combination of prednisolone and azathioprine proved to be most effective: in 4 of 6 patients both VC and PaO2 improved. Combinations with D penicillamine resulted in a high number of unwanted side effects: in 5 of 13 treated patients it had to be withdrawn. 6 patients were treated with prednisolone alone; only 1 of them improved. Patients with a short duration of symptoms prior to therapy and initially mild impairment of lung function showed a higher degree of improvement during therapy. The consequence for the management of lung fibrosis is to establish diagnosis and treatment as early as possible. PMID- 7313339 TI - Sarcoidosis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis? AB - Of 46 patients with sarcoidosis, there was an exposure to type III allergens in 14 subjects. On closer examination of 2 patients diagnosed as having sarcoidosis there were distinct features suggesting farmer's lung too. Inhalative challenge recording airway resistance, CO transfer factor and other clinical features confirmed farmer's lung disease in these patients. Because there are sometimes poor clinical and uncertain histological differences, inhalative challenge is considered an important diagnostic procedure to differentiate hypersensitivity pneumonitis from sarcoidosis. PMID- 7313340 TI - Indications for transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis. AB - 80 patients in three different institutions underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) through a fiberoptic bronchoscope to confirm the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. A positive tissue diagnosis was obtained in 50 (75%) patients. The diagnostic yields in radiographic stage I, stage II and stage II sarcoidosis were 55% (12 of 22), 80% (33 of 41), and 82% (14 of 17), respectively. When the results in patients with stage I sarcoidosis were reviewed in conjunction with abnormalities on pulmonary function studies only reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) was found to be associated with increased diagnostic yield (80%) on TBB. We conclude that except for patients with radiographic stage I disease and normal FRC, TBB is the procedure of choice in patients with sarcoidosis when readily accessible extrathoracic abnormalities are not present. PMID- 7313341 TI - Relation between respiratory function and pulmonary hemodynamics before and after intravenous administration of furosemide in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Static lung volumes, flow volume curve in air and in a helium-oxygen mixture, PaO2 and pulmonary vascular pressures were measured in 16 patients 2 weeks after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction and repeated 2 h after furosemide 40 mg i.v. administration. The patients with wedge pressure (WP) greater than 18 mm Hg had significantly lower values of FEV1, FEV1/VC%, MEF40 and MEF 25 in comparison with the patients with WE less than 18 mm Hg. A negative correlation was found between both PAP and WP and MEF25 values (p less than 0.001). After furosemide respiratory function tests improved only in patients with a good hemodynamic response to the drug. PaO2 did not change significantly. Airflow response to helium seemed to be a useful test for determining the site of major bronchial compression. PMID- 7313342 TI - Effects of isovolumetric venesection on blood viscosity, on red cell deformability, and on arterial flow velocity in chronic respiratory failure with secondary polycythemia. AB - Normovolemic hemodilution produced by isovolumetric venesection was done in 8 patients with polycythemia and respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The 'deformability index' was studied by means of a filtration technique. The blood flow velocity in ascending aorta and right pulmonary artery was also studied by means of ultrasonic Echo-Doppler technique. The procedure showed in all patients an increase of oxygen tension and a decrease of carbonic gas tension in arterial blood. At the same time it was possible to demonstrate an improvement of red cell deformability and an increase of arterial flow velocity. Isovolumetric venesection is an important procedure in the management of patients with polycythemia secondary to respiratory failure. PMID- 7313343 TI - Reproterol and the muscle of the trachea and bronchi: in vitro and in vivo comparative studies with various drugs used in the treatment of asthma. AB - In vitro in vivo reproterol showed intense spasmolytic effects upon the trachea and bronchi against various spasm-including agents (histamine, acetylcholine, acetyl-beta-methylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, BaCl2). A comparative study with various drug used in the treatment of asthma (isoprenaline, metaproterenol, salbutamol, clenbuterol, papaverine and atropine) has been conducted. PMID- 7313344 TI - Phentolamine therapy in severe chronic asthmatiform bronchitis. AB - Continuous phentolamine infusion for 3 days in 6 patients with severe chronic bronchial obstruction produced a marked improvement in subjective well-being and arterial blood gas values. Ventilatory function and pulmonary arterial pressure remained virtually unchanged but a chronic oral corticosteroid therapy could be substantially reduced during 4 weeks of oral treatment with phentolamine 100 mg three times daily. PMID- 7313346 TI - Supernormal maximal mid-expirartory flow rates in diffuse interstitial lung disease. AB - We studied the frequency of changes in maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMF) in 32 nonsmokers and 22 smokers with diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) and in 36 health nonsmoking control subjects. Supernormal MMF to total lung capacity (TLC) and MMF to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratios (greater than 120% of predicted) were significantly more common in nonsmokers with DILD than in healthy nonsmokers, but the prevalence of supernormal forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) to FVC ratios was similar. In non-smokers with DILD, a supernormal MF/TLC ratio was associated with a significantly greater static lung recoil pressure (Pst) and a tendency toward a higher maximal expiratory flow to Pst ratio than in normals, suggesting that the increased MMF is due to the combined effects of increased driving pressure for flow and reduced resistance in peripheral airways. PMID- 7313345 TI - [Seasonal rhythm of airway resistance and intrathoracic gas volume in healthy females and males (author's transl)]. AB - Airway resistasnce (Rt) and intrathoracic gas volume (IGV) were measured every month for 1 year between August 1978 and July 1979 in 9 female and 9 male volunteers. The outside temperatures on the corresponding dates were also noted . Both ggroups showed in the mean a statistically significant increase of Rt and a light fall of IGV during the winter (January). The specific airway resistance (SRt=Rt X IGV) showed the same trend of statistically significant higher values of SRt ( p less than 0.005) during the winter. Then declined and reached a plateau which was in both groups slightly above that of the previous summer. The correlation coefficients between outside temperature and airway resistance roup as a whole were statistically significant. PMID- 7313348 TI - [Morphology and functions of pulmonary peripheral areas in fibrotic lung disease]. PMID- 7313349 TI - [Expiratory dynamics in the lungs of pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 7313347 TI - Lung compliance and alveolar expansion in the artificially ventilated premature newborn rabbit after maternal treatment with ambroxol. AB - Premature newborn rabbits were delivered on day 27 of gestation, with or without antenatal treatment with ambroxol (50 mg/kg/day in maternal injections, on days 24-26). The animals were tracheostomized, kept in body plethysmographs at 35 degrees C, and ventilated artificially for 10 min with 100% oxygen, insufflation pressure 30 cm H2O, frequency 40/min, and varying inspiration time (20, 40, 60, or 80%). Lung-thorax compliance increased with inspiration time in both ambroxol treated animals and controls, but there was no difference in compliance between treated and non-treated litters. Alveolar expansion, evaluated morphometrically in histological sections, was enhanced in ambroxol-treated animals ventilated with prolonged inspiration phase (60 or 80%); such a difference was not found in the on-treated group. This suggests that antenatal treatment with ambroxol might have a stimulating effect on the synthesis and/or release of factors improving alveolar stability in the premature lung. PMID- 7313350 TI - [Selective alveolo-bronchography: comparison with pathological pictures]. PMID- 7313351 TI - [Experimental pulmonary fibrosis and length-tension relationship in pulmonary tissue]. PMID- 7313352 TI - [Analysis of uneven distribution of respiratory functions in the lung]. PMID- 7313353 TI - [Cinebronchographic study of the airway in diffused panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 7313354 TI - [Pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome-- with special reference to pulmonary vascular structure and hemodynamics]. PMID- 7313355 TI - Morphometry of distal airways and the estimation of pulmonary gas exchange function. PMID- 7313356 TI - [Morphological studies on branching pattern of pulmonary arteries using casts in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313357 TI - [The effects of prazosin in patients with chronic refractory heart failure-acute hemodynamic effects of oral prazosin and long-term therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313358 TI - [Antiarrhythmic actions of disopyramide phosphate in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313359 TI - [Six cases of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome-epidemiological study of 8 schools for the deaf (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313360 TI - [Acute myocardial ischemia--endocardium and epicardium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313361 TI - [The value of cinedensitometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313362 TI - [Alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313363 TI - [Respiratory stimulant (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313364 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin E1 on hemodynamics of anesthetized patients with mitral valve disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313365 TI - [Effects of vasodilators on resting and exercise hemodynamics in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313366 TI - [Exercise training of patients with ischemic heart disease: preliminary study on their trainabilities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313367 TI - [A new method for evaluation of the degree of stenosis using a catheter-tip velocity/pressure transducer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313368 TI - [Eight cases of mitral annular calcification, and Stokes-Adams syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313370 TI - [Prevention of degenerative disorders of the spine]. PMID- 7313369 TI - [Rheumatic fever, juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic connective tissue diseases and infective arthritis in children. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7313371 TI - [Atypical periarthritis or an unusual picture of a painful shoulder? (case report)]. PMID- 7313372 TI - [Effort as a diagnostic test in cardiac arrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313373 TI - [Bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313374 TI - [The general practitioner and lung tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313375 TI - [Adult proteinuria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313376 TI - [Study of thyroid function by radiochemical and radioimmunological technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313377 TI - [Vertigo and dizzyness : a clinical approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313378 TI - [The carpal tunnel syndrome and its electrophysiological investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313379 TI - [Cellular ageing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313380 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic changes of ageing brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313381 TI - [Bases of technical innovations in echography, dosimetric planning, handling of information in nuclear medicine]. PMID- 7313382 TI - [Ultrasonography in diagnosis. Current technological progress]. PMID- 7313383 TI - [Bases of technical innovations in dosimetric planning]. PMID- 7313384 TI - [Bronchopneumonia in a patient with anthracosilicosis]. PMID- 7313387 TI - [Disseminated lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Literature review apropos of a case]. PMID- 7313386 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7313385 TI - [Genetic counseling in various sex-linked encephalopathies]. PMID- 7313388 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference: Neurological disorders and acute respiratory paralysis]. PMID- 7313390 TI - Sleep patterns in hyperkinetic and normal children. AB - Sleep patterns in nonmedicated hyperkinetic (n = 11) and normal control (n = 11) male children (8-12 years old) were compared to document possible sleep disturbance in hyperkinetic children. Electroencephalographic, electro oculographic, electromyographic, and autonomic measures were monitored continuously for five consecutive nights. Analysis of sleep pattern variables revealed a significantly longer rapid eye movement onset latency (p less than 0.05) and marginally significant greater absolute and relative amounts of movement time (p less than 0.07) for the hyperkinetic group relative to controls. No other sleep parameters differentiated the groups. It was concluded that baseline tonic sleep parameters do not indicate marked sleep disturbance in hyperkinesis. The results are discussed within the context of hypothesized arousal dysfunction underlying this disorder. Key Words: Hyperkinetic children- Hyperkinesis--NREM and REM sleep cycles--Spontaneous skin potential responses. PMID- 7313389 TI - Sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus in a senior population. AB - Studies have suggested that sleep apnea is especially prevalent among seniors. We recruited and recorded senior volunteers who reported symptoms raising suspicion of sleep apnea or nocturnal myoclonus. Of 24 subjects, 62.5% had one of these disorders-six had sleep apnea alone, three had sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus, ans six had nocturnal myoclonus alone. Sleep stages were also analyzed. Subjects with sleep apnea and/or nocturnal myoclonus had significantly less rapid eye movement sleep, significantly more stage 1 sleep, and significantly more awakenings than other subjects. This sample suggests that the prevalence of sleep apnea and nocturnal myoclonus may be very substantial among seniors. Because of this high prevalence, extreme caution is needed in prescribing hypnotics for older patients with sleep complaints, since most hypnotics are respiratory depressants. We must rethink our approach to treating sleep disorders in the older population. PMID- 7313391 TI - Spindle density in sleep of normal subjects. AB - We studied sleep spindle activity in ten normal young subjects, five males and five females. The subjects were recorded on magnetic tapes according to standard procedures, and the tapes were scored automatically by a system described previously. Spindle activity was analyzed on the C4-T4 lead of electroencephalogram, using a bandpass filter and discrimination of the integrated output of the filter. Results indicated that spindle density was the same in stages 2, 3, and 4, and was much lower in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In stage 2, K potentials were less abundant than spindles and exhibited a much smaller individual variability. Whereas spindle density was very stable across two nights in the same subject, there was wide variation between subjects. In addition, there was a sex difference; female subjects presented more than twice as many spindles as males. The density of spindles during non-REM sleep was constant throughout the recording and did not show any cyclic variation. PMID- 7313392 TI - Some characteristics of sleep spindles derived from automatic analysis. AB - Sleep spindles in eight normal adults were analyzed automatically by a minicomputer. The accuracy of spindle detection was about 90%. Spindle wave frequency was measured by an approximation method for the spindle peaks; this method employed a quadratic equation on prior analog filtering. The accuracy of measurement was within 0.6 msec (SD 1). The average spindle wave frequency was about 13 Hz, but varied depending on the sleep stage and brain region. The frequency was highly variable and displayed no tendency. Concerning spindle duration, short spindles were followed by either short or long spindles, while long spindles rarely were followed by long ones. As sleep progressed, spindle duration tended to become shorter. There was a tendency for one long interval of spindle appearance not to be followed by another long interval of appearance. However, as sleep progressed, the interval of spindle appearance had a tendency to become prolonged. PMID- 7313393 TI - K-complexes and sleep spindles before transient activation during sleep. AB - Six subjects spent three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. Activation phases (PATs), spontaneous K-complexes, and sleep spindles were visually detected in sleep stages 2 and 3 for nights 2 and 3. The K-complex rate was significantly greater in the 10 sec prior to the PATs than at any other time spent in stage 2 or 3. K-complexes associated with sheep spindles occurred significantly less frequently during the epochs just preceding the PATs. In all subjects, there was a sharp increase of sleep spindles associated with K-complexes when PATs did not follow within 10 sec. These results suggest that spontaneous K-complexes and sleep spindles act antagonistically with respect to the occurrence of PATs. These two phasic events are significantly related to regulating the probability of occurrence of PATs in sleep stages 2 and 3; K-complexes may reflect an organismic state leading towards PAT, whereas sleep spindles may inhibit the occurrence of PAT. PMID- 7313394 TI - Sensorimotor electroencephalogram rhythmic activity: a functional gate mechanism. AB - Neurophysiological evidence for a negative feedback loop in somatosensory thalamic nuclei has provided a basis for understanding the origins of rhythmic activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of sensorimotor cortex. Studies reviewed here suggest that state-specific activation of this mechanism is responsible both for a variable pattern of rhythmic frequencies during wakefulness and the spindle burst pattern during sleep. It is proposed further that these rhythms index immobility and a common set of physiological changes in sensorimotor function, including reduced excitability in both afferent and efferent pathways. It is hypothesized, therefore, that the closing of a thalamic "inhibitory gate" is indicated by the occurrence of these rhythms. While a greater resolution of specific relationships is necessary, the study of these EEG patterns clearly provides a measure of complex physiological events in the nervous system, and can be also useful in identifying functional abnormalities. PMID- 7313395 TI - Sleep spindles in the human hippocampus: normal or epileptic activity? AB - Spindles of 12-14 Hz were recorded in the hippocampus of 13 epileptics during sleep. This activity was more prominent in patients in whom the hippocampal region was not the site of the primary focus and in whom the electrical activity was normal during wakefulness. Spindles were more numerous during stage 2 non rapid-eye-movement sleep, especially in patients who had seizures in this stage. It is postulated that this activity is either a normal activity of human brain or an evoked response of the hippocampus to an epileptic afferent discharge. In either case, hippocampal spindles may contribute to the triggering of nocturnal seizures. PMID- 7313396 TI - [Physiopathological aspects of overweight in the female climacteric]. PMID- 7313397 TI - [Bromocriptine in fibro-cystic mastopathy]. PMID- 7313398 TI - [Use of the transverse incision of the abdominal wall in operations for benign pathology of the uterus]. PMID- 7313399 TI - [Use and indications of metroplasty in double uterus: long-term follow-up in evaluation of 21 cases]. PMID- 7313400 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the obstetrical field]. PMID- 7313401 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical aspects of voluntary interruption of pregnancy 2 years after passing of Law 194]. PMID- 7313402 TI - [Prevention and suppression of lactation with bromocriptine]. PMID- 7313403 TI - [Inhibition of puerperal lactation with bromocriptine and methergoline. Clinical evaluation]. PMID- 7313404 TI - [Hepatogenous pruritus in pregnancy]. PMID- 7313405 TI - [Anti-serotonergic drugs in the puerperium: blocking of lactopoiesis with methergoline]. PMID- 7313406 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy in women using the IUD (report of a case)]. PMID- 7313407 TI - [Thermal and climatic indications in sports medicine]. PMID- 7313408 TI - [Cardiocirculatory function tests of subjects exposed to plus Gz accelerations in the human centrifuge, using new non-invasive technics]. PMID- 7313409 TI - [Automatic sphygmomanometric tests of military pilots in flight]. PMID- 7313410 TI - [New ideas concerning the psychological selection of aircraft pilots]. PMID- 7313411 TI - [History of the evolution of the tenets concerning the psychological selection of aircraft pilots in Italy]. PMID- 7313412 TI - [Old and new trends in the use of the constructive psychotechnic of the artificial horizon and their repercussions on the mental health of student pilots]. PMID- 7313413 TI - [Hematological and chromosomal analysis of a sample population working in radar centers]. PMID- 7313414 TI - [High altitude and the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin. Changes in the cooperativeness of the hemes]. PMID- 7313415 TI - [Tinnitus measurements in transmission deafness and perception deafness]. PMID- 7313416 TI - Man in weightlessness: physiological problems, clinical aspects, prevention and protection. Related bio-medical research in micro-gravity during the forecoming SPACELAB missions. PMID- 7313417 TI - [Aviation military health service activities in the sector of public health and assistance to the civilian population]. PMID- 7313418 TI - [Streptococci. Structural characteristics. Bacteriological and serological laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 7313419 TI - [Factorial calculation of the test variables in use at the Military Air Force Medico-legal institutes]. PMID- 7313420 TI - [The aviation health service and the Irpino-Lucano earthquake. Diary of an emergency (24 November - 18 December, 1980]. PMID- 7313421 TI - [Perspective spatializations. III. Further experimental evidence of the theory of directional gradients]. PMID- 7313422 TI - [Perceptual asymmetry of movement in patients with cerebral hemispheric lesions]. PMID- 7313423 TI - [Motor evaluation of the hemiplegic, using the Albert scale]. PMID- 7313424 TI - [Primary motor systems in the management of voluntary movement in the recovery phase after hemispheric lesions]. PMID- 7313425 TI - [Neuropsychological training in the rehabilitative treatment of the adult hemiplegic]. PMID- 7313426 TI - [Notes on the phenomenology of voluntary movement]. PMID- 7313427 TI - [Perspective spatializations. I. Directional gradients. "Gradient of horizontality". Spatialization of manipulation and of grasping. Phenomenological perspective]. PMID- 7313428 TI - [Perspective spatializations. II. The gradient of verticality in perspective indications]. PMID- 7313429 TI - [Subependymoma: presentation of a case]. PMID- 7313430 TI - [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (observations on 55 cases)]. PMID- 7313431 TI - [The pattern of myopathic involvement in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 7313432 TI - [Serial electromyographic study of 11 cases of neurotmesis of the mixed nerve trunks at the wrist treated with fascicular neurorrhaphy, using the Gosse method]. PMID- 7313433 TI - [Movement disorders of CNS origin]. PMID- 7313434 TI - [Evaluation of workload, regularity of meals, sleep time and fatigue in female workers of the textile industry]. PMID- 7313435 TI - [Toxicity of vinyl chloride and formaldehyde mixture in the air]. PMID- 7313436 TI - [Incidence of contact dermatitis in inhabitants of experimental buildings]. PMID- 7313437 TI - [Goiter incidence among children living in the villages in the Bialystok district and the concentrations of iodine, calcium and magnesium in drinking water]. PMID- 7313438 TI - [Studies on the degree of elimination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from water supply. II. Elimination of PAH during treatment of water at the water supply station]. PMID- 7313439 TI - [Morphological and histoenzymatic changes in the liver of albino mice in phenol poisoning after short-term and chronic exposure]. PMID- 7313440 TI - [Effect of long-term phenol administration on morphological and histoenzymatic changes in the kidneys of albino mice]. PMID- 7313441 TI - [Tendency of pharaoh ants, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), of spreading in Poland]. PMID- 7313442 TI - [Effect of fractionated doses of ionizing radiation on the proliferative activity of the bone marrow of mice]. PMID- 7313443 TI - [Body weight changes as somatic indicators of difficulties in adaptation of first graders to school]. PMID- 7313444 TI - [Sanitary control of food products in Romania]. PMID- 7313445 TI - [Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method for determination of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper in various vegetable products]. PMID- 7313446 TI - [Occurrence of various types of Enterobacteriaceae in selected milk products]. PMID- 7313447 TI - [Determination of ampicillin in milk]. PMID- 7313448 TI - [Detection of oleandomycin in meat]. PMID- 7313449 TI - [Effect of various doses of vitamin A on vitamin E and lipid levels in the liver and plasma of rats]. PMID- 7313450 TI - [Nitrates and nitrites in food products, raw and subjected to preliminary handling and cooking]. PMID- 7313451 TI - [Organization of food and beverage supply during work at high temperature]. PMID- 7313452 TI - [Relationship between food habits and educational status of Warsaw women]. PMID- 7313453 TI - [Effect of substitution level of textured milk proteins in meat products on the degree of microbial contamination]. PMID- 7313455 TI - [Laboratory testing of control of the Monomorium pharaonis L. ants with the use of juvenile hormones]. PMID- 7313454 TI - [Development of resistance to carbamates and organophosphate insecticides in flies, Musca domestica L., and cockroaches, Blattella germanica L]. PMID- 7313456 TI - [Health status of school children and the fluorine content in drinking water]. PMID- 7313457 TI - [Detection of musculoskeletal system and posture abnormalities among children and adolescents in the light of analysis of secondary statistical data]. PMID- 7313458 TI - [Indicators of physical development of school children of the Sieradz province]. PMID- 7313459 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of rubber elements of the apparatus used in food-processing industry]. PMID- 7313460 TI - [Effect of detergents on iodophor toxicity. I. Effect of detergents on acute toxicity and iodophor cumulation coefficient]. PMID- 7313461 TI - [Comparison of chemical indicators of protein quality with the degree of its biological utilization by rats kept on low-protein diets]. PMID- 7313462 TI - [Nitrate and nitrite content in mineral table waters, sodas and soft drinks]. PMID- 7313463 TI - [Histamine content in fishes and fish products]. PMID- 7313464 TI - [Microbiological examination of dried vegetables and condiments]. PMID- 7313465 TI - [Degree of contamination of poppy seeds and spices by warehouse pests]. PMID- 7313466 TI - [Determination of dodine in selected plant material]. PMID- 7313468 TI - [Detection and identification of accelerators, guanidine derivatives]. PMID- 7313467 TI - [Determination of selected antioxidants used in the production of plastic materials]. PMID- 7313469 TI - [Detection and identification of accelerators and antioxidants in rubber products used in contact with milk]. PMID- 7313470 TI - [Organochlorine insecticide residues in the blood of the inhabitants of Warsaw and its environs in the 4th trimester of 1979]. PMID- 7313471 TI - [Use of glass capillary column in gas chromatography for determination of organochlorine insecticide residues]. PMID- 7313472 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge of dermatophyte flora in sewage sludge]. PMID- 7313473 TI - [Changes in body height of schoolchildren from the elementary school grades 1 to 8 and the children's school situation]. PMID- 7313474 TI - [Indications for thrombolytic agents in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7313475 TI - [Social class and risk of ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 7313476 TI - [Mitral prolapse]. PMID- 7313477 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmia in the active population (clinical guidelines for the practitioner) by the Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology]. PMID- 7313478 TI - [Non invasive study and physiopathology of Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 7313479 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon. Diagnostic survey]. PMID- 7313480 TI - [Raynaud's disease]. PMID- 7313482 TI - [Collagenoses and Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 7313481 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin]. PMID- 7313483 TI - [Treatment of Raynaud's disease]. PMID- 7313484 TI - [HLA and rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - In a study on the frequency of the HLA A, B, C and DR antigens seen in 100 controls and 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the authors found a significant increase in the DR4 antigen in rheumatoid arthritis. (50% as against 25%; X2 = 8,5; 0,04 greater than Pc greater than 0,008; RR = 3,43). The other antigens on loci A, B. C and DR are not altered significantly. However the increase in DR4 which does not seem to be related to the severity of the rheumatoid arthritis, seems to be proportional to the level of rheumatoid factor. The authors review literature on HLA in rheumatoid arthritis and the figures for the antigenic frequency of HLA-DR4 are compared with their own results. The findings are of interest especially from a pathogenic point of view. PMID- 7313485 TI - [Autoimmune thrombopenia in sclerodermia associated with Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. PMID- 7313487 TI - [Association of rheumatoid arthritis and Kaposi's disease. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7313488 TI - [Extensive calcinosis of soft tissues in acute systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 7313486 TI - [A case of pachydermoperiostosis with articular and cardiovascular manifestations. Value of thyrocalcitonin and beta-blockers]. PMID- 7313489 TI - [Muscular involvement in Yersinia enterocolitica infection]. PMID- 7313491 TI - [Bone and epidural metastases disclosing esophageal spinocellular carcinoma]. PMID- 7313492 TI - [Pubic tuberculous osteitis. Demonstration by transcutaneous puncture-lavage of the pubic symphysis]. PMID- 7313490 TI - [Obliterating bronchiolitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Responsibility of D penicillamine]. PMID- 7313493 TI - Experiences with the Scandinavian recommended methods for determinations of enzymes in blood. A report by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes (SCE) PMID- 7313494 TI - Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: case report, effect of low-protein diet and identification of 3-oxo-2-methylvaleric acid 3-hydroxy-2-methylvaleric acid, and maleic acid in urine. AB - Vomiting, lethargy and metabolic acidosis were the main initial symptoms of metabolic disease in a 1 month old girl. Her older sister had died from a similar disease, considered to be Reye's syndrome, at an age of 15 months. The urine of the present case contained 2-methylcitric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, N propionylglycine, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, N-tiglylglycine, 3 hydroxyvaleric acid and glutaric acid. These metabolites are all known to be associated with propionyl-CoA accumulation. Free propionic acid was not detected in the urine. In addition, the urine contained 3-oxo-2-methylvaleric acid and 3 hydroxy-2-methylvaleric acid, probably formed by condensation of two molecules of propionyl-CoA. The identity of these metabolites was confirmed by synthesis. An elevated urinary concentration of maleic acid and fumaric acid was another constant abnormality. The activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in leucocytes was about 20% of the normal activity. The girl was teated with a low-protein diet since the diagnosis was made at an age of 1 month, and her psychomotor development was satisfactory at an age of 2 1/2 years. She had a few episodes of acidosis during infections. PMID- 7313495 TI - The use of [99mTc](2,6-diethylacetanilide)-iminodiacetic acid ([99mTc]HIDA) in evaluating normal hepatobiliary dynamics. AB - Scintigraphic examination with [99mTc]HIDA was used to investigate fasting hepatobiliary dynamics in thirty normal subjects, fifteen males and fifteen females. Ten were studied in duplicate. All subjects visualized the bile ducts and showed gallbladder filling within 60 min. All but three demonstrated excretion of bile to the duodenum. Only five subjects showed activity in the gut before gallbladder visualization. Twenty-one had one or more contractions of the gallbladder. A significant positive correlation was found between age and excretory liver function in males, signifying a lower excretory capability with advancing age. The median percentage deviation for gallbladder and gut visualization in repeat tests was 40% and 88%, respectively. It is concluded that the hepatic bile in the fasting state is delivered to the gallbladder as well as to the duodenum. Furthermore, the results suggest a cyclic function of the biliary tract based upon coordination between the gallbladder and the sphincter of Oddi. PMID- 7313496 TI - Muscle metabolism during exercise in men operated upon for coarctation of the aorta in childhood. AB - Muscle biopsies were taken from the quadriceps muscle during rest and exercise in 16 young men (ages 16-28 years) operated upon for coarctation of the aorta during childhood and 10 healthy men (ages 19-25 years). Resting values and depletion after exercise for ATP, CP and glycogen were similar in the two groups. Muscle lactate concentrations were higher at all levels of exercise in the operated group, while blood-lactate concentrations did not differ. It is concluded that the operated patients have a disturbed blood-flow regulation and a somewhat impaired blood-flow to the working leg muscles. PMID- 7313497 TI - A sensitive and simplified receptor assay for 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. AB - A sensitive receptor assay for 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D using 2.5-5 ml plasma and a small incubation volume (less than 150 microliters) is described. The standard curve is plotted as free/total counts vs in-assay ligand concentration and is fitted to a law of mass action model. The conditions in the assay are: pH 7.4(0.05 mol/l phosphate buffer), 11% v/v ethanol concentration, and 1 g/l total protein concentration. The reaction of the receptor protein and ligand is satisfactorily complete after 2.5 h at 25 degrees C. The bound fraction is precipitated by 40% polyethylene glycol in ethanolic phosphate buffer, separated by centrifugation, and the supernatant drawn off and counted. The radioactivity used to trace the binding reaction is part of that originally added to the plasma. There were no interferences in the assay from vitamin D3, 25(OH) vitamin D3 or 24,25(OH)2 vitamin D3. After further purification by high pressure liquid chromatography there was no reduction in the 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D values measured directly after LH-20 chromatography. The plasma levels in 20 normal men and 19 women were 106 +/- 36 pmol/l (mean +/- SD) and 105 +/- 40 pmol/l, respectively. These results compare well with those reported from other centres. The intra assay coefficient of variation in the useful range of measurement is about 11%. PMID- 7313498 TI - The activities of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase and haem synthase in experimental sideroblastic anaemia. Effect of mitochondrial iron excess on the enzyme activity in peripheral red blood cells. AB - Experimental sideroblastic anaemia was produced in normal and in iron loaded guinea pigs by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of isoniazid and cycloserine. Subsequently, the activities of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S) and of haem synthase in peripheral red blood cells were measured and in particular the relationships of enzyme activities to the iron status were examined. The ALA-S activity showed a similar decrease in all animals with sideroblastic anaemia. The haem synthase activity was increased probably due to secondary induction, but it was significantly less increased in animals with the highest values for iron status. This finding indicates that mitochondrial iron accumulation may have limited the compensatory increase of haem synthase activity. It is likely that also in human sideroblastic anaemia mitochondrial iron overload may have a secondary limiting effect on the haem synthase activity in erythroid cells. PMID- 7313499 TI - The effect on responsivity of the PtcO2 electrode by an increased pressure on the electrode membrane. AB - At application of the electrode for continuous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring, a superatmospheric pressure may be produced between the skin and the electrode membrane. Such a pressure may change the electrode characteristics resulting in a slower reacting electrode. A superatmospheric pressure may also influence on the subepidermal capillaries and on the oxygen diffusion through the skin. The results in the current in vitro study show that an increase of the pressure between the electrode membrane and the skin results in a slower reacting electrode, only when the pressure also produces an increased diffusion distance from the capillaries to the electrode membrane. Thus, the PtcO2 electrode seems rather rough and different PtcO2 levels recorded among patients or in the same patient at two applications are not produced by the application procedure per se but by physiological differences in the skin at the electrode application site. PMID- 7313500 TI - Determination of pressure gradient in the Hancock mitral valve from noninvasive ultrasound Doppler data. AB - The accuracy with which the pressure gradient in the Hancock mitral valve can be determined from noninvasive ultrasound Doppler data was explored in a study of eight adult patients. The mean manometric pressure gradient (delta PM) was determined by performing simultaneous left atrial and left ventricular catheterization. The mean diastolic pressure gradient was also determined from noninvasive ultrasound data (delta PU). Identical cardiac cycles were used to compare delta PM and delta PU. In the eight patients delta PM ranged from 3.0 to 9.0 mmHg and cardiac output from 3.7 to 5.5 l/min. The difference delta PM-delta PU was 0.3 +/- 0.9 mmHg (mean +/- SD). The results thus indicated that noninvasive ultrasound can determine the mean diastolic gradient in the Hancock mitral valve with an accuracy which approaches that attained with conventional manometric methods. PMID- 7313501 TI - Concentrations of baclofen in serum and breast milk from a lactating woman. AB - A lactating woman with spastic paraplegia was given 94 mumol (20 mg) of baclofen orally to study the transport of the drug into breast milk. The concentration of baclofen in serum and milk was determined with a gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric method. The elimination curves in serum and milk showed a similar course, the elimination from milk being delayed about 3 h relative to serum. The total amount of baclofen excreted in the milk during 24 h was about one thousandth of the ingested dose. PMID- 7313502 TI - Fourier-analysis of peristaltic pressure variations in the oesophagus during a 12 hour investigation. A study in normal subjects. AB - Long-term measurements have been made of peristaltic pressure variations 8 and 23 cm proximally to the gastro-oesophageal sphincter. The investigation was performed using perfused catheter systems and results of the 12-h measuring period were recorded on tape recorder. The peristaltic pressure variations were frequency analysed using a Fast Fourier Transform analyser. Nineteen normal subjects took part in the study. One subject was tested seven times. The investigation showed that the significant information regarding the pressure variations can be registered by recording systems with an upper frequency limit of at least 2 Hz. The pressure variations were built up more rapidly proximally in the organ than distally. Repeated investigations on a single subject showed that the intravariation lies within the intervariation in the subjects tested. PMID- 7313503 TI - The effect of sulfhydryl blocking agents on the uptake of L-carnitine in an established human cell line (CCL 27). AB - The effect of sulfhydryl blocking agents on the active transport of L-carnitine into cells from an established cell line from human heart was studied. N ethylmaleimide (MalNEt), 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2), parachloromercuribenzoate (ClHgBzO-) and cystamin all reduced the uptake of L carnitine considerably. This was not due to a general membrane injury as judged by the trypan blue dye exclusion test. The inhibition caused by N-ethylmaleimide was irreversible, while that of Nbs2, ClHgBzO- and cystamin could be reversed by dithiothreitol. Excess L-carnitine in the medium exerted a small protective effect against the inhibition of Nbs2, but had no effect against the inhibition of the other agents. Neither could ClHgBzO- protect the uptake mechanism against the irreversible inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide. We conclude that the observations reflect the existence of a multitude of different SH-groups, and that some of these are essential for the cellular uptake of L-carnitine. PMID- 7313504 TI - Alcohol and sex hormones. PMID- 7313505 TI - Bone mineral content in relation to age and menopause in middle-aged women. A study of bone density in lumbar vertebrae by dual photon absorptiometry in a population sample of women. AB - As one phase of a comprehensive population study of women, bone density was determined in the third lumbar vertebra by dual photon absorptiometric technique. The method involves the use of two radionuclides, which both emit gamma radiation but with different energies (241Am with 59.6 keV and 137Cs with 662 keV). Women in three age strata were studied: 46, 54 and 62 years. The bone mineral content was higher in premenopausal or recently postmenopausal 54-year-old women than in women of the same age who had been postmenopausal for a long time (p less than 0.02). A similar trend was found for women aged 62. The differences could not be explained by differences in other factors studied, such as body height, body weight, smoking habits, numbers of pregnancies or physical inactivity. No significant differences were found when women with similar menstrual status in different age-groups were compared. In the ages studied, hormonal factors seem to be more important than the age per se for the development of oeteoporosis. PMID- 7313506 TI - Effects of physical training on plasma citrate and exercise-induced asthma. AB - Plasma citrate was determined in seven asthmatic children exposed to 6 min treadmill running before and after 6 weeks of physical training. Resting plasma citrate concentration increased from 116 +/- 9 mumol/l (mean +/- SE) before to 158 +/- 11 mumol/l after training (p less than 0.02). Plasma lactate increase during exercise was lowered by training (p less than 0.02); the individual change correlated inversely with the training-induced rise in resting plasma citrate concentration (r = -0.77, p less than 0.05). The postexercise percentage fall in peak expiratory flow rate decreased from 32 +/- 13% before to 15 +/- 8% after training (p less than 0.05). The results agree with the hypothesis that an increased citrate concentration of tissues, by inducing an inhibition of phosphofructokinase, may be of regulatory importance for the decreased lactate accumulation following endurance training in man. In addition, a beneficial effect of training on exercise-induced asthma is demonstrated. PMID- 7313507 TI - Plasma erythropoietin levels in mice. Response to hypoxia at different ages. AB - Mice from newborn until adult age were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia of 0.5 atm for 6 h. In all age groups the animals responded with increased plasma erythropoietin (Ep) levels. A greater response was elicited from adult mice compared to newborn animals. No sex difference in response occurred. Twelve hours after the hypoxic exposure no plasma Ep activity was detectable. Though high plasma Ep levels were present in non-hypoxic mice 9 and 20 days old, hypoxia further increased the Ep activity. It is concluded that hypoxia stimulates Ep production during hepatic as well as during erythropoiesis. Though erythroid target cells may be maximally stimulated by Ep in the young mouse (9-20 days old) a reverse capacity for Ep production exists. Increased capacity for Ep production may develop towards adult age. PMID- 7313508 TI - Argyria-tissue deposition of silver as selenide. AB - Generalized argyria was precipitated in a patient by treating gingival erosions with a solution of silver nitrate for several months. High silver concentrations were measured in skin biopsies. treatment with penicillamine did not increase the urinary silver excretion, indicating that silver is deposited in tissues in a chemically stable and apparently inert form. Electron microscopy showed that in the kidney, silver was deposited mainly in the basal membranes as electron-dense particles. These particles were studied by using X-ray emission spectrometry and electron diffraction. the particles consisted of Ag2Se in the low temperature orthorhombic alfaform. The lattice parameters are: a = 0.433 nm, b = 0.693 nm and c = 0.784 nm. This selenide complex seems to be remarkably non-toxic, since the renal function of the patient was unaffected and only negligible reactive changes were observed in kidney biopsies. PMID- 7313509 TI - The magnitude of metabolically induced changes in the density of human low density lipoproteins. AB - Radiolabelled low-density lipoproteins (LDL), obtained from a patient with heterozygous, familial hypercholesterolaemia and from a normal subject, were injected into the patient and two normal subjects. Two approaches were made to evaluate the kinetics of metabolism of these LDL: (1) by serial measurements of radioactivity in serum, urine and the whole body; (2) by observing the density of the labelled LDL from serum using density-gradient ultracentrifugation. No significant change was seen in the model density of the LDL in either the patient or the normal subjects, but there were changes in the skewness of the radioactivity peaks. This contrasts with previously published findings in the guinea pig, in which LDL radioactivity gradually accumulated in the densest particles. The guinea pig findings suggested that lipoproteins in the LDL region are structurally modified during their intravascular circulation. The present study indicates that modification leading to changes in density does not occur to any significant degree in the human, whose LDL represent the end product of intravascular metabolism of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. PMID- 7313510 TI - Determination of glucose in dried filter paper blood spots. AB - A method for glucose determination in blood sampled by the patients outside hospital, is described and evaluated. Glucose in capillary blood spotted on filter paper (Schleicher& Schull No. 2992), dried and stored at room conditions, is stable for at least 7 days. 6.5 mm discs, containing 10.3 microliter capillary blood are punched out from the spots and eluted in percloric acid. The glucose concentration in the eluate is determined by the glucose dehydrogenase method. Using duplicates, CV within assay is 3.6% between assay 4.2%. Mean recovery is 98.3%, SD 9.6%. Correlation to ordinary whole blood glucose dehydrogenase method is good, r = 0.984 (n = 244). The influence of blood spot variation, punching procedure, paper humidity and haematocrit has been examined. Results are compared to those of others, and advantages of the method are discussed. PMID- 7313511 TI - Radioreceptor assay for benzodiazepines in biological fluids using a new dry and stable receptor preparation. AB - A method for determination of benzodiazepines in human blood, plasma, saliva and urine has been developed. The method is based upon the competition between 3H flunitrazepam and biologically active benzodiazepines in biological fluids for brain specific receptors, prepared in a stable, dry form and easy to handle. The pharmacological specificity for benzodiazepines of the dry stable receptor preparation is closely similar to that of fresh membrane-bound rat brain receptors. The method is specific for biologically active benzodiazepines; it is relatively rapid, sensitive and reproducible, and can be performed at room temperature. PMID- 7313512 TI - Daily plasma citrate rhythms in man during feeding and fasting. AB - Daily plasma citrate rhythms were followed during a 24-h day in seven subjects fed a common diet and from 0800 to 2100 hours in : (1) ten subjects fed a citrate poor diet; (2) eight subjects who continued overnight fasting (short-term fasting) and (3) nine obese patients during the 7th day of a total fasting (long term fasting). During feeding plasma citrate increased after meals (from 9.0 to 30.7%). Citrate profiles did not change in subjects receiving the common and the citrate-poor diet. Plasma citrate rhythms correlated closely to rhythms of plasma lactate but not to rhythms of plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) or insulin in feeding state. During short-term fasting, plasma citrate increased and remained high during long-term fasting as did plasma FFA concentration. Individual plasma concentrations of citrate and FFA correlated positively in the postabsorptive state. During long-term fasting same relation became negative, while individual concentrations of citrate and glucose correlated positively. Daily urinary citrate excretion over three sampling periods did not change during feeding, decreased during short-term fasting and was constantly low on the 7th day of fasting. The study demonstrates endogenous daily plasma citrate rhythms during feeding which vary as do plasma concentrations of carbohydrate metabolites. During fasting, an increased plasma citrate concentration is proposed as a more direct measurement of metabolic adaptations underlying the decreased glucose utilization than is an enhanced plasma FFA level. PMID- 7313513 TI - Increased transvascular escape rate of albumin during experimental portal and hepatic venous hypertension in the pig. Relation to findings in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Transvascular escape rate of albumin [TERalb, i.e. the fraction of the intravascular mass of albumin (IVMalb) passing to the extravascular space per unit time] was determined from the disappearance of i.v. injected radioiodinated serum albumin in anaesthetized pigs during control conditions and during regional venous congestion in the infradiaphragmatic area. Balloon catheters were placed in the portal vein (infrahepatic portal congestion) and in the inferior vena cava above (suprahepatic caval congestion) and below (infrahepatic caval congestion) the outlets of the hepatic veins. TERalb was on the average 13% IVMalb.h-1 under basal pressure conditions. TERalb rose significantly (p less than 0.01) during suprahepatic caval and infrahepatic portal congestion to an average of 29 and 19% IVMalb.h-1, respectively. TERalb was positively correlated to the portal pressure (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001). Only a minor increment in TERalb was found during infrahepatic caval congestion. The hepatic share of the increased TERalb during stasis above the hepatic veins was estimated to be threefold that of the extrahepatic splanchnic area. Our results point to filtration of protein, predominantely through the lining of the sinusoids and perisinusoidal space of the liver into the interstitial space around the portal vessels and further into the lymphatics, as the main mechanism of the previously demonstrated marked increase in TERalb in patients with portal venous hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 7313514 TI - Reference values for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase activities in children, implications for organophosphate intoxication. AB - Acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase activity was measured in the blood of both healthy children 0-12 years of age and adults by a recently developed radiochemical method. Children less than 4 months of age were found to have lower levels for these enzymes than adults. Above this age, however, similar values were obtained for children and adults. A case report of an organophosphate intoxication is presented and is discussed in the light of our results. PMID- 7313515 TI - Relationship of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration to the duration and intensity of endurance training. AB - Eleven healthy, male students were studied over period of 8 months. Five were sedentary subjects, and six were competitive cross-country skiers engaged in endurance training of varying amount and intensity. Serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased significantly during physical endurance training of low intensity and long duration. With fewer hours of training, but of greater intensity, HDL cholesterol concentration was lower but was still significantly higher than in the control group of sedentary individuals. In conclusion the study suggests that elevated HDL cholesterol concentrations associated with high levels of physical activity are related to both amounts and intensity of the training. PMID- 7313516 TI - Decrease in the NADH2 absorbance in enzymatic blood glucose determination using the glucose dehydrogenase end point method. PMID- 7313517 TI - Serum lysozyme: evaluation of a nephelometric assay. AB - A nephelometric lysozyme (LZM) assay method was compared to two commonly used enzymatic LZM assay methods. LZM concentrations obtained with the nephelometric method correlated well with those obtained with the spectrophotometric (r = + 0.98) and the lysoplate (r =+ 0.93) methods. The precision of the nephelometric method was 5.1% (CV). The nephelometric LZM assay offers a simple, reproducible and rapid assay method for serum LZM determinations. PMID- 7313518 TI - Analysis of urinary calculi; a quality control programme. AB - Results of the first Nordic quality control programme on urinary calculi are described. The programme included nine specimens, nine components and 57 laboratories participated. Most of the specimens were mixtures of selected human calculi. Of the laboratories, 67% used a binary scale for the results("qualitative"); 80% of the laboratories were unable to carry out the analysis on 10 mg material or less. For most components false positive results were rare. Oxalate and calcium (II), however, were exceptions. Results on "mixed stones" were unsatisfactory; frequently 20% of the results were wrong. The fraction of false negative results is 0.10 for cystine and urate, and is generally higher for other components. No difference between the reliability of infrared spectrometry and of wet chemistry is observed. An ordinary internal quality control scheme is suggested to facilitate improvements of the routine analytical performance. Some ideas of the analytical strategy are discussed. The drawbacks of results from a binary scale are stressed, and it is suggested that the examination of urinary calculi be carried out using techniques which give results on continuous scales. At the same time the number of components for analysis in the routine programme may be reduced. PMID- 7313519 TI - Disulphide reduction in glutathione-deficient erythrocytes from a patient with pyroglutamic acidemia. AB - Erythrocytes from a patient with pyroglutamic acidemia, containing about 5% of the normal content of glutathione, were able to reduce cystamine at a relatively high rate (about 50% that of normal cells) at low concentrations of the disulphide. Compared to normal cells, the reduction of disulphide by the patient's cells were highly sensitive to inhibition by high concentrations of the disulphide. This inhibition was noted whether glucose or inosine were used as carbohydrate substrate, and was also present when hemolysates were used and NADPH was added directly to the reaction mixture. The "disulphide poisoning" is assumed to be due to the formation of mixed disulphides at the expense of oxidized glutathione available for reduction by glutathione reductase. The glutathione/glutathione reductase system is probably the only disulphide reducing system of importance in human erythrocytes. PMID- 7313520 TI - Specimen handling for the assay of adenylates and glycerate 2, 3-bisphosphate in erythrocytes. AB - ATP, ADP, AMP and glycerate 2, 3-bisphosphate in blood are frequently analyzed in order to evaluate erythrocytes for blood donation and to diagnose hemolytic anemias. In order to find an uncomplicated and safe procedure for the preanalytical treatment of blood a freezing-storing procedure using dry ice was worked out and combined with a later PCA precipitation. The pre-freezing stability of the components was also investigated and found to be best at room temperature. PMID- 7313521 TI - Determination of sulphate and uronic acid in glycosaminoglycans of human dermis and in urine. AB - Special methods for the preparation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in human dermal tissue and in urine have been developed, enabling in the same preparation the determination of uronic acids as well as the bound organic sulphate without previous use of time-consuming procedures for purification. Special concern has been devoted to the effect of the papain digestion on the recovery of organic sulphate from dermal tissue, and the tissue procedure is further characterized with respect to disintegration, fat extraction and acid hydrolysis. It is shown that human urinary GAG, prepared by the short procedure described, demands a more effective HCL-hydrolysis of organic sulphate than proposed in the literature dealing with purified preparations of GAG. Besides a decrease in the release of sulphate, ineffective hydrolysis may also cause interference in the final sulphate assay, resulting in falsely increased values. It is shown that proteinuria exceeding 0.5 g/l causes a decrease in precipitation yield of GAG and the sulphate/uronic acid ratio. The procedure has resulted in methods of satisfactory accuracy and precision, and due to their large capacity the methods make it possible to get reliable information about the degree of sulphation in dermal and urinary GAG at different conditions in all diseases. PMID- 7313522 TI - Beneficial effects of vagal stimulation on the ischaemic myocardium during beta receptor blockade. AB - The effect of vagal stimulation on the myocardial ischaemia produced by acute coronary occlusion during beta-receptor blockade has been examined. Epicardial ST segment elevation, myocardial surface temperature and regional blood flow were determined 10 min after coronary occlusion in the dog. Coronary occlusion after beta-receptor blockade alone raised the average ST-segment from 0.5 +/- 0.3 to 3.1 +/- 0.5 mV (SEM) (p less than 0.001). Subsequent vagal stimulation with beta receptor blockade, which reduced heart rate from 129 to 50 beats/min, mean arterial pressure from 123 to 78 mmHg, but increased cardiac output from 1164 to 1855 ml/min, resulted in marked reduction in ST-segment elevation to 0.3 +/- 0.2 mV which was not different from the control before occlusion. Epicardial temperature was markedly decreased in the ischaemic area following coronary occlusion. The temperature difference between central ischaemic and surrounding areas became smaller after beta-receptor blockade, and vanished during vagal stimulation. Vagal stimulation caused a 55% decrease of blood flow in all non ischaemic regions. A smaller reduction took place in the border zone where flow values close to those of the non-ischaemic myocardium were obtained. In the central ischaemic area blood flow remained unchanged despite the reduction in arterial pressure. Thus, vagal stimulation resulted in decreased collateral resistance in the ischaemic area and a marked reduction of myocardial oxygen requirement of both non-ischaemic and border zone myocardium, additional to that obtained with beta receptor blockade. The provision of energy to the ischaemic myocardium is therefore very favourably balanced with its actual demand during vagal stimulation. PMID- 7313524 TI - Screening for thyroid disorders in middle-aged women by computer-assisted evaluation of a thyroid hormone panel. AB - Free thyroxine index, free tri-iodothyronine index and thyrotropin were determined in connection with gynecological screening for cervical carcinoma on middle-age women. A total of 3885 women were investigated. Women with values outside a trivariate reference region were reinvestigated by renewed hormone determinations and those with hormone results still outside the reference region were subjected to clinical and further laboratory investigations. Thus 20 women (0.51% of the study population) with previously unknown hyperthyroidism and 25 women (0.64%) with previously unknown hypothyroidism were identified and successfully treated. Values outside the reference region were also studied by cluster analysis, which separated hyper- and hypo thyroid patients into different clusters. but allowed no further identification of different thyroid disorders. We conclude that laboratory screening for thyroid disorders may be justified in middle aged women if performed together with another screening program. Computer assisted multivariate evaluation of the hormone results was of value of identification of subjects with thyroid disorders but their numerical classification by cluster analysis was of little practical value. PMID- 7313525 TI - Stability of serum and blood constituents during mail transport. AB - We have studied the stability of 14 serum and blood constituents after 4 days transport by mail at ambient temperature. For statistical evaluation a graphical truncated normal sequential test was used. A constituent was considered stable when the change of the mean concentration of the constituent was less than an amount equal to one standard deviation of the analytical method used, with 5% risk of error for the decision. Under these conditions 9 constituents were stable: serum albumin, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, blood haemoglobin and blood erythrocytes. Instability was found for serum bilirubin, blood leucocytes, haematocrit and erythrocyte volume related variables. The experimental design allows stability data to be collected during field testing by using daily runs in the laboratory. Data of this kind are essential for making a reliable laboratory service available to primary care units. The demands of the clinical situation should, however, be taken into consideration. PMID- 7313523 TI - Variations in single fibre areas and fibre composition in needle biopsies from the human quadriceps muscle. AB - Cross-sectional area of a single fibres and the fibre distribution were measured for the two main types of fibres in needle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle of ten healthy young males. Methodological errors expressed as coefficient of variation (CV) of a single value for the area measurements were analysed and found to be 2.4% including the intraindividual error in handling the planimeter. An inhomogeneity in distribution and size of the fibres within the quadriceps muscle was indicated by a CV within the same section of 6-8% and between repeated biopsies of 15-20%. PMID- 7313526 TI - Myocardial release of citrate and lactate during atrial pacing-induced angina pectoris. AB - Arterio-coronary sinus (A-Cs) differences of plasma citrate, glucose, free fatty acids and blood lactate were measured in 19 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in eight control subjects exposed to atrial pacing. Among patients with CAD 11 showed a myocardial release of lactate during pacing (lactate producers, LP) while myocardial lactate extraction was unchanged in the remaining eight patients (lactate non-producers, LNP). In patients with CAD, (A-Cs) plasma citrate differences became increasingly negative during recovery from pacing, values at rest and at 3-5 min of recovery were: -5 +/- 2 mumol/l (mean +/- SD) vs. -12 +/- 5 mumol/l in LP (P less than 0.001) and -6 +/- 3 mumol/l vs. -8 +/- 4 mumol/l in LNP (P less than 0.01). In controls, (A-Cs) citrate difference varied inversely, from -8 +/- 4 mumol/l at rest to -2 +/- 4 mumol/l at 3-5 min of recovery (P less than 0.001). An increasingly negative (A-Cs) plasma citrate difference during recovery from pacing-induced angina pectoris is suggested to reflect a wash-out of accumulated citrate from ischaemic heart cells; and is proposed as a more sensitive marker of ischaemia in man than a myocardial release of lactate. PMID- 7313527 TI - Determination of haemoglobin A1c by iso-electric focusing. Effect of incubation of erythrocytes and comparison of results obtained by ion-exchange chromatography. AB - Blood samples from 24 non-diabetics and 26 diabetics were analysed using both thin layer iso-electric focusing and ion-exchange chromatography. Using isoelectric focusing it was found that about 10% of haemoglobin A1c (0.7-1.2% of total haemoglobin) could be removed by a preceding incubation of the erythrocytes in saline at 37 degrees C for 6 h. When glucose was added to the incubation medium in a final concentration of 25 mmol/l no decline was seen in the concentration of haemoglobin A1c. Using similar treatment of erythrocytes identical results were obtained by the two methods. A reference interval for normal subjects (age range 6 months to 65 years) was established for the iso electric focusing method using non-incubated samples. PMID- 7313528 TI - Effect of digoxin upon intracellular potassium in man. AB - The effect of digoxin upon intramuscular potassium was studied by use of whole body counting and biopsy technique. Twelve healthy subjects and twelve outpatients with mild cardiac insufficiency or atrial arrhythmia were digitalised. Before and after digitalization total body potassium (TBK) was measured. Potassium concentration in muscle specimens (MK) was analysed by the neutron activation technique. Digoxin was measured in serum and in skeletal muscle tissue by radioimmunoassay, and QS2-index as a measure of the electromechanical systole. In both groups a significant decrease in TBK (P less than 0.05) and MK (P less than 0.01) was demonstrated in connection to digitalization. There was no correlation between the decrease in TBK and MK, or between the concentrations of digoxin in serum or muscle and the decrease in potassium concentration. The digoxin in serum in healthy subjects was 0.9 +/- 0.33 nmol/l and in patients 1.2 +/- 0.41 nmol/l. The digoxin in muscle was 39 +/- 10.9 nmol/kg dry weight in seven of the healthy individuals and 37 +/- 9.5 nmol/kg dry weight in nine patients. After digitalization a decrease of QS2-index was found in both groups (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7313529 TI - Myoglobin in human skeletal muscle. AB - An overall procedure for the determination of myoglobin in muscle biopsy specimens by a radioimmunoassay is described. The coefficient of variation in routine analysis averaged 18%. The mean myoglobin content in leg skeletal muscle of 13 females and 18 males was 4.7 mg/g wet weight. There were no sex differences but the levels for elderly subjects (56-80 years) were slightly higher than those observed in younger persons (19-39 years). PMID- 7313532 TI - Esophageal peristalsis before, during, and after food intake in healthy people. AB - Esophageal peristalsis in the middle and distal esophagus was analyzed in nine healthy people before, during, and after food intake. A significant increase in amplitude of contractions occurred during and after eating. Furthermore, a significant increase in duration and propagation time of contractions occurred in the distal part of the esophagus during food intake. PMID- 7313531 TI - A rapid method for the determination of urea stable lactate dehydrogenase on the 'Cobas Bio' centrifugal analyser. AB - The urea-stable lactate dehydrogenase assay has been adapted to the 'Cobas Bio' centrifugal analyser. It was found that incubation of the serum samples with 2 mol/l urea for 2 min was sufficient for inhibition of the LD liver isoenzymes. Under these conditions enzyme activity of cardiac origin was mainly unaffected. The method is fully automated, rapid and inexpensive. PMID- 7313530 TI - Comparison of different components in the fractional conversion of mevalonate to cholesterol with cholesterol synthesis and serum methyl sterols. AB - Serum squalene and methyl sterols (cholesterol precursors), and the fractional conversion of mevalonate to cholesterol (FCM) were determined after an i.v. injection of a labelled mevalonate-labelled cholesterol mixture in fifteen studies in eleven subjects with varying cholesterol synthesis rates (sterol balance values), including three cases with ileal dysfunction. FCM was divided in two components, FCM I and FCM II, hypothesised to represent rapidly and slowly mixing components of newly formed cholesterol, respectively. Cholesterol synthesis ranged from 1.42 to 8.75 mmol day-1 and FCM from 0.352 to 0.857. The synthesis rate was correlated with FCM, with FCM II, weakly or not at all with FCM I, highly significantly with serum methyl sterols and insignificantly with serum squalene. However, within the fairly narrow normal synthesis limits (less than 3.3 mmol day-1) the synthesis rate was not correlated significantly with FCM. Despite a marked range of obesity and a highly significant correlation between the synthesis and body weight only FCM II was correlated with body weight in subjects without ileal dysfunction. The findings suggest that FCM, and its components FCM I and FCM II reflect weakly the total cholesterol synthesis rate, and the rapidly and slowly mixing portions of newly formed cholesterol, respectively. PMID- 7313533 TI - Evaluation of fasting serum bile acid concentration in patients with liver and gastrointestinal disorders. AB - Fasting concentrations of S-cholate, S-chenodeoxycholate, S-aminotransferases, S bilirubin, S-alkaline phosphatases, and S-glutamyltransferase were determined in 564 outpatients with disorders of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Unsulphated conjugates of cholic (fS-C) and chenodeoxycholic acid (fS-CDC) were determined by radioimmunoassay. In patients with increased serum bile acid concentrations fS-C and fS-CDC were linearly correlated, and the fS-C/fS-CDC ratio was similar in all patient groups. The incidence of false-positive results of fS-CDC was probably due to inadequate fasting and comparison of fS-C only with the liver tests. In 51 patients with verified cirrhosis fS-C was significantly correlated with S-bilirubin in a semilogarithmic relation but not with S-alkaline phosphatases or S-glutamyltransferase. fS-C was found to be a sensitive indicator of liver disease in the anicteric stage. Of 207 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 63 had 1 or several of the results of liver tests for cholestasis elevated. There was no correlation between the different tests. In these patients and all patients with gastrointestinal disorders the commonest single finding was an elevation of S-alkaline phosphatases not associated with cholestasis. PMID- 7313534 TI - The assessment of mucus substances in gastric juice from duodenal ulcer patients and normal subjects. AB - The carbohydrate and nitrogen content of the gastric juice was assessed in 18 persons whose diagnosis were unknown to the investigators and the data compared by discriminant function analysis with similar measurements from 42 patients with proven duodenal ulceration and 22 normal controls. It was possible to assess correctly 14 of the 18 patients (77.8%) of the unknown group as having a duodenal ulcer. The results of three patients (16.7%) were equivocal, and one person (5.5%) was wrongly classified. The investigation confirms that the carbohydrate and nitrogen content of gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer patients is abnormal. PMID- 7313535 TI - Occult faecal blood loss determined by chemical tests and a 51 Cr method. AB - Stools from volunteers participating in an acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) study were examined during periods with restrictive and liberal diets. With 51Cr-determined faecal blood less than 2 ml/100 g, the rates of positive benzidine and 3,3' ,5,5' tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) tests were about 5% and 25% for periods with restrictive and liberal diets, respectively. Similarly, Fecatest showed 2% positive tests on a restrictive and 8% on a liberal diet, whereas Hemoccult II slide and BM-test-Hemafecia showed less than 5% positive tests on both diets. When ASA-induced blood loss (mainly gastric) exceeded 5 ml/100 g faeces, the rate of positive benzidine and TMB tests, including the Hemo-Fec Test, varied from 87% to 100%. Fecatest detected half of these cases, whereas Hemoccult II and BM-test Hemafecia were positive in less than one third. By repeated analyses of faecal specimens stored for 3 days, Fecatest showed a substantially increased sensitivity. We assume that benzidine and TMB tests are sensitive enough to detect occult blood loss from all levels of the gastrointestinal tract, but dietary restrictions are essential to reduce the rate of false-positive tests. Guaiac tests, perhaps with the exception of Fecatest, should be reserved for the detection of occult blood loss from the lower gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7313536 TI - Duodenogastric reflux in patients with heartburn and oesophagitis. AB - Forty patients with signs and symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux were studied with cholescintigraphy, a noninvasive method, to detect duodenogastric reflux. 150 patients subjected to cholescintigraphy for various medical reasons served as controls. Ten per cent of the patients wit signs and symptoms of gastro oesophageal reflux and 14% of the control patients had duodenogastric reflux. Of the four patients with gastro-oesophageal and duodenogastric reflux three had ulcers or strictures on oesophagoscopy, whereas one had normal endoscopic appearance. The differences in the frequency of duodenogastric reflux between these groups are not statistically significant. PMID- 7313537 TI - On the prevalence of adult coeliac disease in Sweden. AB - The occurrence of coeliac disease has been less recognized among adults than in children. We have examined the prevalence of adult coeliac disease in a defined population in Sweden, on the basis of results obtained during 7 years' gastroenterological routine practice. On 1 July 1979, the overall prevalence rate was found to be 58/100,000 (1:1700). The age-adjusted rates were unevenly distributed. The peak rate, 130/100,00 (1:750), appearing in the age interval of 45-54 years, indicates that unrecognized middle-aged coeliacs are not symptom free and that they can be found in routine practice. Our peak rate of coeliac disease unaccompanied by dermatitis herpetiformis is in the same range as the rate found in Swedish children. PMID- 7313538 TI - Serum folate determinations in tracing adult coeliacs. AB - A simple screening test would be helpful in tracing adult coeliacs in medical practice. Results from a gastroenterological routine practice with a high detection rate of coeliac disease showed that a low concentration of serum folate was the commonest abnormality in the serum of adults with this disorder unaccompanied by dermatitis herpetiformis. It occurred in 85%, ranking with steatorrhoea in frequency, and suggests that a serum folate determination could help to refer subjects for jejunal biopsy to detect coeliac disease. In patients found to have a low serum folate recording without a known cause, the predictive value of the low value for adult coeliac disease was examined, and the findings indicate that the investigation of such patients should include jejunal biopsy. PMID- 7313539 TI - Erythrocyte transketolase activity in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Erythrocyte transketolase activity and its stimulation in vitro by the addition of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP effect) was measured in 64 normally nourished alcoholics with well-compensated liver disease and in 20 control subjects. Biochemical evidence of thiamine deficiency as judged by low transketolase activity was found in 19 alcoholics (29.7%). In 5 of these 19 patients the TPP effect was abnormally high, indicating depleted thiamine stores. IN the other 13 patients the TPP effect was either normal or low, suggesting a deficiency or an inability to use the transketolase apoenzyme, probably as a result o long standing thiamine deficiency or the presence of liver disease. a further eight patients (12.5%) had normal transketolase activity but a low TPP effect, perhaps reflecting failure of hte coenzyme TPP to recombine with the transketolase apoenzyme in the presence of normal thiamine stores. There was no relationship between transketolase activity and the daily alcohol consumption, the duration of alcoholism, or the histological severity of the liver disease. Thiamine should be given routinely to alcoholics even if their diet appears adequate and their liver disease is minimal or well compensated. PMID- 7313540 TI - The fate of intravenously injected trypsinogens in dogs. AB - After intravenous injection of autologous purified and radiolabeled anionic and cationic trypsinogens in the dog, there is a multiexponential elimination from serum of the trypsinogens without activation to active trypsins. The results are in agreement with an elimination of the trypsinogens iva glomerular filtration, a variable tubular uptake of anionic trypsinogen, and a complete tubular uptake of cationic trypsinogen. Fractional catabolic rates for anionic trypsinogen were 0.35-0.92 h-1 and for cationic trypsinogen 0.38-1.05 h-1. The total amount of anionic trypsinogen turned over in the circulation is estimated at approximately 0.55 mg every 24 h, and the corresponding figure for cationic trypsinogen is 0.35 mg/24 h. PMID- 7313541 TI - Copenhagen pancreatitis study. An interim report from a prospective epidemiological multicentre study. PMID- 7313542 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors in human polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leucocytes. Concentrations and binding characteristics. AB - Both polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear (MN) leucocytes constitute targets for glucocorticoid hormones. In order to comparatively characterize the earliest steps of steroid action in these cell populations, we investigated the concentrations and specificities of glucocorticoid receptors in purified human PMNs and MNs by a whole-cell binding assay using (3H)dexamethasone as the ligand. PMNs and MNs were found to contain the same amounts of glucocorticoid receptors (4720 and 4900 receptor sites/cell, respectively). The equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of the interaction between the cellular receptor and (3H)dexamethasone was about the same (1 x 10(-8)M) in both cell populations. No significant difference in the specificities of the steroid binding sites in PMNs and MNs were found; competition studies revealed the following order of relative binding affinities for a number of compounds: betamethasone greater than dexamethasone greater than prednisolone greater than cortisol greater than deoxycorticosterone = progesterone greater than aldosterone greater than testosterone greater than estradiol-17 beta. We conclude that known differences in the sensitivities of PMNs and MNs to glucocorticoids are apparently not caused by differences in the concentrations or characteristics of their glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 7313543 TI - Pregnancy and parturition in a patient with severe Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. AB - A 35-year-old woman with severe Glanzmann's thrombasthenia became pregnant involuntarily. As a late abortion might cause a bleeding as severe as a delivery, legal abortion was not considered indicated. Treatment with ordinary platelet concentrates was not considered since even HLA-matched platelets did not enhance the platelet function, measured as the aggregability of transfused platelets. This inability was thought to indicate that the patient might have developed antibodies against one of the glycoproteins deficient in this disease. A delivery per vaginam was then preferred because of the local compressing effect. Spontaneous delivery occurred at the end of the 42nd week of pregnancy. The patient delivered a boy with transient thrombocytopenia, probably due to maternal antibodies. To stimulate the haemostasis, uterine contracting drugs were used in unusually large doses and for a relatively long period of time. Tranexamic acid was also given. No haemorrhagic complications could he observed during the puerperium. PMID- 7313544 TI - Serum ferritin in young men during prolonged heavy physical exercise. AB - The level of serum ferritin were investigated in 44 young men during strenuous ranger training courses lasting 4-5 d. These cadets were continuously subjected to heavy physical activities, almost without sleep and with a caloric deficit amounting to 29000-39000 kj per 24 h. Ferritin concentrations were consistently increased during the courses, and were still significantly elevated 2 d after the end of the courses. The increase of ferritin appeared to be correlated with decreased Hb values and increased total bilirubin. The results indicate that iron released from disintegrated erythrocytes probably causes increased ferritin synthesis in the reticuloendothelic cells and a subsequent release of ferritin in blood. PMID- 7313545 TI - Tissue and plasma lysozyme in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Lysozyme positivity in lymph nodes from 33 patients with Hodgkin's disease was examined with an immunoperoxidase technique. Positive reactive histiocytes were found in 18 cases; in 7 cases lysozyme was found also in mononuclear Hodgkin cells and in 3 cases in both reactive histiocytes, mononuclear Hodgkin cells and Reed-Sternberg cells. There was no clear-cut correlation between cellular lysozyme positivity and such feature as histological type, clinical stage and plasma lysozyme. The findings support the theory that the malignant cell in Hodgkin's disease is derived from a lysozyme producing macrophage. The finding that lysozyme positivity was an inconstant feature may reflect both varying functional status of the macrophages and varying differentiation of Hodgkin cells. Increased plasma lysozyme in Hodgkin's disease may stem from both reactive histiocytes, mononuclear Hodgkin cells and Reed-Sternberg cells, but the major part is probably contributed by reactive histiocytes. PMID- 7313546 TI - Iron absorption in relation to iron status. Model proposed to express results to food iron absorption measurements. AB - The absorption from a 3 mg dose of ferrous iron was measured in 250 male subjects. The absorption was related to the log concentration of serum ferritin in 186 subjects of whom 99 were regular blood donors (r = -0.76), and to bone marrow haemosiderin grading in 52 subjects with varying iron status. The purpose was to try and establish a percentage absorption from such a dose that is representative of subjects who are borderline iron deficient. This information is necessary for food iron absorption studies in order (1) to calculate the absorption of iron from the diet at a given iron status and (2) compare the absorption of iron from different meals studied in different groups of subjects by different investigators. The results suggest that an absorption of about 40% of a 3 mg reference dose of ferrous iron is given in a fasting state, roughly corresponds to the absorption in borderline-iron-deficient subjects. The results indicate that this 40% absorption value corresponds to a serum ferritin level of 30 microgram/l and that food iron absorption in a group of subjects should be expressed preferably as the absorption corresponding to a reference-dose absorption of 40%, or possibly a serum ferritin level of 30 microgram/l. PMID- 7313548 TI - Deactivation of leucocyte chemotaxis in vivo. Locomotion of cells isolated from a patient with meningococcal meningitis. AB - This report concerns the properties of polymorphonuclear leucocytes isolated from a patient with meningococcal meningitis. No differences in phagocytic capacity and random locomotion between the patient's polymorphonuclear leucocytes and normal PMNL were found, but by using activated normal human serum as chemo attractant it was found that PMNL isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid had lost their ability to respond chemotactically. The deactivation was found to be accompanied by surface property changes of the cells. PMID- 7313547 TI - Mobilisation of iron from peritoneal rat macrophages by desferrioxamine. AB - The amount of radioiron released from rat peritoneal macrophages after phagocytosis of 59Fe labelled erythrocytes can be enhanced by addition of desferrioxamine. The effect is dose dependent and the iron chelated by desferrioxamine appears to be at the expense of ferritin. However, desferrioxamine does not appear to chelate iron already incorporated into ferritin. It seems likely that the iron comes from a labile chelatable pool through which the iron from haemoglobin catabolism passes before being incorporated into ferritin. The desferrioxamine appears to enter the macrophage and chelate iron to form ferrioxamine which subsequently leaves the macrophage. In vivo it was not possible to show substantial iron chelaton by desferrioxamine in rats when 59Fe labelled non-viable red cells were injected intravenously. This suggests that in vivo mobilization of reticuloendothelial iron by desferrioxamine may be of limited significance. PMID- 7313549 TI - Monoclonal anti-azobenzenearsonate antibodies expressing the cross-reactive idiotype: immunochemical studies show that all idiotypic determinants reside on a single molecule. AB - Cell lines that secreted antibodies to the hapten azobenzenearsonate (ABA) were established by hybridization of immune A/J spleen cells to the non-secreting myeloma, NS-1. Solid-phase radioimmunoassays (RIA) were developed for rapid screening of hybridoma supernatants to detect antibodies to ABA and to detect antibodies bearing the ABA cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). Hybrid clones secreting both CRI+ and CRI-- anti-ABA antibodies were obtained. The supernatant from one clone (7-13) strongly inhibited binding of iodinated anti-idiotype serum in a competitive RIA. This clone expressing the CRI produced immunoglobulin of the IgG2a subclass. Solid-phase absorption of anti-idiotype serum followed by competitive radioimmunoassay analyses revealed that all the idiotypic determinants recognized by anti-idiotype serum reside on this monoclonal antibody. PMID- 7313550 TI - The detection of antigens in immune complexes. AB - A procedure is described for the purification of soluble immune complexes (IC) from biologica fluids and for the detection of antibody-bound antigen. A model IC, prepared with various amounts of human serum albumin (HSA) and constant amounts of anti-HSA, gave a 44% recovery after gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, affinity chromatography on protein A--Sepharose, and concentration of eluates there from before analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was calculated that 20 ng of antibody-bound HSA should be detectable when polyacrylamide gels are subjected to a direct radioimmunoassay involving the use of rabbit anti-HSA, 125I-protein A, and autoradiography, thus defining the sensitivity of the procedure for detecting IC-bound antigen in a model system. The procedure has direct relevance to the examination of IC of unknown composition present in sera of individuals with various diseases. PMID- 7313551 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies against the receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies were prepared against purified acetylcholine receptor antibodies from two patients with myasthenia gravis. The purified idiotypes did not cross-react. Reaction with idiotypes from other patients were found in 8% and 37%, respectively, which suggests that shared idiotypic specificities occur. The anti-idiotypic IgG fractions had no receptor-like activity and did not bind cholinergic ligands. Receptor antibodies from two mothers and their newborn children with neonatal myasthenia gravis showed marked differences in the reactions with an anti-idiotypic antibody. This suggests that not passive transfer of maternal antibodies but a transient synthesis of a receptor antibody with a different specificity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7313552 TI - Influence of in vivo hydrocortisone on some human blood lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Effect on natural killer cell activity. AB - The effect of in vivo hydrocortisone (OHC) on natural killer (NK) activity was studied using the K562 cell line as target in a 3-h 51Cr-release assay. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from five normal volunteers at 0, 4, 24 and 48 h after intravenous administration of 300 mg of OHC showed significantly increased NK activity at 4 h, decreased activity at 24 h, with a return toward normal at 48 h. Parallel variations were found in the fraction of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG. However, neither the number of these cells nor the NK activity was influenced by the medication when the results were given per millilitre blood. In vitro preincubation of the effectors with OHC for 24 h had no effect on viability, expression of surface markers, or NK activity. It is concluded that under the present conditions NK activity is OHC-resistant. The variations observed after in vivo administration seem to be due to a reversible redistribution mainly affecting cells other than the NK effectors. PMID- 7313553 TI - The induction and expression of IgA anti-DNP antibodies in rat bile and secretions. AB - Pregnant rats were immunized with dinitrophenylated type III-pneumococcal vaccine by the intravenous, gastric, or intramammary routes. Anti-DNP antibody responses in the IgA, IgG and IgM isotypes were measured in serum, secretions and bile. Gastric intubation was most effective at eliciting IgA antibody responses in bile and secretions, whereas the other routes were more effective at inducing IgG responses in serum and bile. IgM antibody responses were infrequent and were found in fluids most closely associated with the immunization route. Isoelectric focusing studies of IgA antibodies appearing in secretions and bile revealed that the gastric route consistently elicited antibody spectrotypes with shared components. Intravenous and intramammary immunization resulted in IgA spectrotypes possessing less homology, suggesting that these protocols lead to independent antibody responses triggered in spleen, draining lymph nodes, or secretory sites. After gastric stimulation, the appearance of IgA antibodies with identical spectral components in secretions and bile favours the concept that IgA precursor cells with identical clonotype potential migrate from the gastrointestinal area to secretory sites. Antibody expression in bile appears to result from the selective transfer of IgA populations gaining access to serum after synthesis at a secretory site. PMID- 7313555 TI - Distribution of surface, cytoplasmic and secreted IgG subclasses in human lymphoblastoid cell lines and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Twenty-two IgG-positive human lymphoblastoid cell lines and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied for surface and cytoplasmic IgG, IgG subclasses, IgD and IgM, using monospecific fluorescein- and rhodamine-conjugated F(ab')2 antibody fragments, and for secretion by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Several parallel observations and several differences in IgG subclass expression were noted between cell lines and normal lymphocytes. Surface IgG2 was frequently expressed in normal IgG-positive lymphocytes but was seldom expressed in cell lines. Cell lines resembled normal IgG-positive lymphocytes in the frequent expression of cytoplasmic IgG3 and IgG4, often without secretion. Cell lines and normal lymphocytes both showed more frequent distribution of IgG and IgG subclasses in cytoplasm than in surface immunoglobulin, and often a discrepancy of surface versus cytoplasmic IgG subclass. A good correlation was noted between surface, cytoplasmic and secreted IgG1. Despite a predominance of IgG2 and IgG4 surface IgG subclasses, and IgG3 and IgG1 in cytoplasm, secreted immunoglobulins from normal lymphocytes in short-term culture showed a similar distribution of IgG subclasses to that seen in normal sera. Multiple expression of IgG subclasses was much more frequent in IgG-positive cell lines than in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, both in surface and cytoplasmic IgG. PMID- 7313556 TI - Differential binding of IgG subclasses to enzyme-treated human lymphocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes coated with each of the four human IgG subclasses were used to detect Fc gamma receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). Rosette formation was obtained only with erythrocytes coated with IgG3 (EA gamma 3). Neuraminidase treatment of HPBL induced rosette formation with EA gamma 1, EA gamma 2, and EA gamma 4 complexes. Pronase treatment also induced rosette formation to a lesser extent, but abolished EA gamma 3 rosetting. Trypsin treatment enhanced EA gamma 3 rosette formation. These phenomena occurred on both 'T' and 'non-T' lymphocytes. Erythrocytes coated with small quantities of IgG 3 did not form rosettes with HPBL. Neuraminidase treatment enhanced their binding, whereas pronase did not. These two phenomena occurred only on non-T lymphocytes. Rosette formation with EA gamma 1 was also obtained with lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with mitogens. After 2 days of culture, stimulated lymphocytes expressed receptors that were able to bind both EA gamma 1 and EA gamma 3 complexes. These results suggest the existence of cryptic receptors for IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 that could be disclosed by neuraminidase and pronase treatment and exposed on stimulated lymphocytes. A hypothesis of one or several Fc gamma receptors is suggested. PMID- 7313554 TI - Neocortical lateralization of NK activity in mice. AB - The natural killer (NK) reactivity of mouse spleen cells is controlled by the left brain neocortex and not by the right symmetrical brain area. The finding strongly suggests direct relationships between the central nervous system and the immune system, both involved in biological adaptation for the maintenance of homeostasis and body integrity in relation to the external environment. PMID- 7313557 TI - Regulation of IgG antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro by IgM antibodies. AB - IgM antibodies have previously been reported to either inhibit or induce antibody dependent lymphocyte cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here we show that human lymphocytes lyse bovine erythrocytes (Eb) in the presence of either IgM of IgG anti-Eb from rabbits. Seven out of 20 IgM preparations (Sephadex G-200) were ADCC-active. IgG dependent ADCC was inhibited by human IgG but not by IgM. In contrast, IgM ADCC was inhibited by both IgG and IgM. The effector cells in IgM ADCC were a subpopulation of lymphocytes with distinct Fc receptors for both IgG and IgM. Most of them also had sheep erythrocyte receptors. Extensive purification of the ADCC-active IgM antibody preparations indicated that very small amounts of contaminating IgG anti-Eb were responsible for ADCC induction. When purified and ADCC-inactive IgM antibodies were mixed with suboptimal concentrations of IgG antibodies, a strong enhancement of ADCC was found. To achieve enhancement, the two antibody isotypes had to be present on the surface of the same target cells, and the IgM effect was not due to the release of soluble ADCC-enhancing factors. Thus, in this system, IgM antibodies are not capable of inducing ADCC on their own. However, they enhance ADCC by improving the contactual interaction between target cells and a special subset of effector cells. PMID- 7313558 TI - The generation of specific cytotoxic responses by human lymphocytes requires antigen and activities provided by a lymphokine supernatant. AB - The requirements for the generation of specific cytotoxic responses by human lymphocytes have been investigated using as a model system the response to the ultraviolet light-killed mouse tumour P815. These requirements are antigen (P815UV) and activities provided by a human lymphokine (LK) supernatant. Cells that give rise to non-specific cytotoxicity can be separated on discontinuous Percoll density gradients after a 3-day incubation of peripheral blood leucocytes with the lymphokine supernatant. Cells from which specific cytotoxic responses can subsequently be generated in the presence of P815UV and LK sediment at a higher density. PMID- 7313559 TI - Dimeric IgA in the rat is transferred from serum into bile but not into milk. AB - Intravenous administration of ductus thoracicus lymph with dimeric IgA antibodies against Escherichia coli 06 to lactating rat dams did not result in transfer of IgA antibodies into the milk, although the antibodies were detectable in serum 1 min after the administration and in bile 60 min later. After intravenous injection of serum from bile-duct-occluded (BDO) rats immunized in the Peyer's patches into lactating rat dams. IgA antibodies appeared in the serum and remained there up to 230 min. At this time no IgA antibodies were seen in the milk while they were present in bile. IgG and IgM 06 antibodies did not appear in bile or milk after intravenous administration of lymph or serum from BDO rats. PMID- 7313560 TI - The influence of serum on lymphocyte cultures. II. Cell cycle specificity of serum action in spleen cells. AB - Serum exerts several effects in lymphocyte cultures, one of them being manifested very early. The presence of fetal calf serum (FCS) results in a markedly higher thymidine uptake within a few minutes, as compared with serum-free cultures. On the other hand, the uptake of uridine and other purine bases seem to be little influences by serum. Experiments comparing the uptake of thymidine into the cytoplasm or into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material suggested that the intracellular thymidine pool increases in size when FCS is added. Using a Lineweaver--Burk plot for thymidine and uridine uptake over a 4-h period, no changes in uridine uptake were observed in the presence of FCS; on the contrary, serum induced an increased Vmax for thymidine, whereas Km remained constant. Cytofluorographic quantitation of G0 and G1 cells indicated that cells disappear more rapidly from the G1 phase in the presence of FCS. The addition of hydroxyurea to the cultures prevented this disappearance. The results taken together strongly suggest that serum contains a factor promoting the shift of G1 cells into the S phase. When a 4-h culture period was used, all sera from different species tested at low concentrations appeared to contain this activity. PMID- 7313561 TI - Localization of IgGFc and complement receptors in chicken lymphoid tissue. AB - Chicken lymphoid organs were examined for IgGFc and complement receptors (FcR/CR) by immune adherence on frozen tissue sections. Indicator systems were sheep erythrocytes (E) coated with chicken anti-E IgG (EAch), E coated with rabbit anti E IgG (EArab) and normal chicken serum (EAC), and FITC-labelled zymosan particles coated with chicken serum (ZyC). In the spleen, FcR and CR activity was confined to B-dependent areas, i.e. the periellipsoidal sheaths and germinal centres and the red pulp. No FcR were found in the thymic or bursal lymphoid tissue, but CR activity was observed in the medulla of bursal follicles. Chicken and turkey IgG, chicken IgGFc, and bovine serum albumin (BSA)--chicken anti-BSA complexes inhibited binding of Each. No inhibition was obtained with chicken IgGF(ab')2, IgM or albumin, or with BSA--rabbit anti-BSA complexes and human or rabbit IgG. E did not adhere to the sections, nor did EArab, EArab incubated with heat inactivated chicken serum, or EAC complexes prepared with EArab and guinea-pig complement. The data suggest that chicken B lymphocytes and macrophages have receptors for avian IgGFc and C which can be demonstrated in tissue sections. PMID- 7313562 TI - On the importance of substrate adhesion and cell aggregation in the Con A-induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes. AB - The importance of substrate adhesion and cell aggregation for the Con A-induced blastogenesis of human peripheral lymphocytes was studied by flow cytometric methods. The percentage of lymphocytes responding to the mitogen by growth and DNA synthesis was approximately the same among non-adherent, single cells as among substrate-adherent and aggregated cells. However, the response of the former cells was delayed by about 10 h as compared with that of adherent and aggregated cells. This delay increased to about 20 h in monocyte-depleted cultures. Stimulation with succinyl-Con A, which caused negligible aggregation, produced a significant response. Blast cells appeared to be largely non-adherent. It is concluded that neither substrate adhesion nor cell aggregation are prerequisites for Con A-induced blastogenesis, although substrate adhesion seems to have a significant promotive effect that is probably associated with a direct contact of the lymphocytes with monocytes. PMID- 7313563 TI - Allergenic synthetic peptide corresponding to the second calcium-binding loop of cod allergen M. AB - A peptide with the sequence of the second calcium-binding loop (EF loop) of cod Allergen M was synthesized by automatic solid-phase technique. The synthetic peptide corresponded to residues 88-103 of the known primary structure of Allergen M. The immunochemical reactivity of this loop, previously demonstrated for the overlapping enzymic fragments, was confirmed by using the synthetic preparation. The purified hexadecapeptide was shown to bind specifically to reaginic IgE from sera of cod-allergic individuals, in both in vivo and in vitro tests systems. It could also bind rabbit anti-Allergen M, as shown by rocket line immunoelectrophoresis and quantitative precipitation inhibition techniques. The findings emphasized that the immunological reactivity of the synthetic peptide (88-103) was compatible with a monovalent haptenic function: blocking and not eliciting allergic reactions. PMID- 7313564 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis and other bacteria in the nasopharynx of children with longstanding cough. AB - Nasopharyngeal cultures from 180 children aged 1 to 9 were examined. All children were suffering from cough for at least 10 days. The findings were compared to those from 67 non-coughing children. Bordetella pertussis was isolated from 12.2% of the children in the study group but from none of the control children. Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from 66.1% of the children in the study group and from 28.3% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Br. catarrhalis was more common in pure cultures from sick children than from control children. Pneumococci were isolated from 20% of the sick children and 28% of the control children. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated from 15% in each group. Some possible interpretations of the findings are discussed. PMID- 7313565 TI - Recurrent staphylococcal furunculosis. Bacteriological findings and epidemiology in 100 cases. AB - During about 3 years 100 cases of recurrent staphylococcal furunculosis were studied with reference to phage-types of strains from lesions, nares, perineum and groins in relation to possible contamination sources. Phage group II staphylococci were found in 58% of the cases. In about half of the patients the same phage type was found in the nares as in the lesion but in the perineum and/or groins in only 14%. In two thirds of these cases the strains belonged to phage group II. Phage group II strains were isolated mainly from patients after supposed contamination outside hospital, while these strains were not dominating in patients probably infected in hospital. An epidemiological study revealed that recurrent furunculosis mostly has its origin outside hospital. Phage typing of lesion and nares strains is essential for the epidemiological analysis of recurrent furunculosis. PMID- 7313568 TI - A revised system for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics. AB - A revised system for antibiotic sensitivity testing in Sweden was proposed in 1977. The new SIR system has been in sue in almost all Swedish routine bacteriological laboratories since 1979. The SIR system implied 2 main changes: 3 sensitivity groups instead of previous 4 and new breakpoints for the sensitivity groups. The new system is presented in comparison with 3 standardized systems currently in use (NCCLS, ICS and DIN systems). PMID- 7313566 TI - Salmonella and Shigella infections in Switzerland, with special reference to typhoid vaccination for travellers. AB - This prospective study reveals that 48% of 368 salmonelloses and 81% of 43 shigelloses diagnosed within one year in the Zurich area were imported from abroad. Travellers in close contact with the local population have a higher risk of being affected by typhoid fever or shigellosis than the average tourist. The clinical course was generally mild, and there was no lethal case. As the incidence of Salmonella typhi is very low, typhoid vaccination is recommended only for high-risk travellers. PMID- 7313567 TI - Legionnaires' disease imported to Denmark from Italy. AB - Three cases of imported Legionnaires' disease are reported. All 3 patients became ill after their return to Denmark from a holiday tour in northern Italy. High titers of antibodies to Legionella pneumophila in the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test confirmed the diagnosis. The fact that the onset of illness was within 10 days of the last day the patients spent in Italy strongly suggests that the disease was imported to Denmark from Italy. 10 of the 77 tourists who participated in the study had IF titers of at least 256. Of these 6 had clinical signs of Legionnaires' disease. An additional case of legionella infection occurred months after the case described in this report and was probably contracted in Italy. PMID- 7313569 TI - Pneumococcal meningitis with a prolonged course in splenectomized patient. AB - A 22-year-old woman had a remarkable late and poor inflammatory response to pneumococci invading the cerebrospinal fluid. Splenectomy 5 years previously following trauma and oral doxycycline therapy for 4 days prior to admission may explain the usual course. The importance of correct handling and of giving proper information to the splenectomized patient is stressed. PMID- 7313570 TI - Incidence of Legionella pneumophila in acute lower respiratory tract infections. AB - The etiological role of Legionella pneumophila and other infectious agents in acute lower respiratory tract infections in 112 patients attending an infectious disease clinic was estimated by a serological study of paired sera and bacteriological culture of nasopharynx swabs and culture and immunoelectroosmophoresis of expectorates. Only 2 of the patients had a 4-fold rise in antibody titre to L. pneumophila, suggesting a similar incidence of legionnaires' disease as reported from USA. PMID- 7313571 TI - A rubella epidemic in an unvaccinated pregnant population. 2. Seroepidemiology. AB - The study is based upon primary rubella infections detected in a collection of 7,781 serum pairs from as many pregnant women out of a total number of about 12,500 in the Oslo area of Norway in 1974. In the spring of that year, a rubella outbreak occurred. The results obtained on the serum pairs were compared and supplemented with acute serodiagnostic data obtained from the files of the virus laboratories, informations obtained from the mothers when interviewed in 1976 and from the files of application for legal abortions. From October 1973 through December 1975 a total of 118 serologically confirmed pregnancy infections were detected in the area, 94 of which took place between February and July 1974. The year following the outbreak showed scattered cases, whereas the last half of 1975 was free of cases. The pairs of the collection covered about one third of the pregnancy months occurring between February 1974 through January 1975, and the rubella infections diagnosed by seroconversion during this period indicated an attack rate for the epidemic period of 2.8% pregnancy months, and 0.35% for the post-epidemic period. 50% of the infections went unrecognised when they occurred, whereas only 17% seemed to have been subclinical. It is estimated that at least 9 children may have been born with rubella sequelae following infections during this period, when the legal abortions because of rubella in taken into consideration. PMID- 7313572 TI - Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia as a complication during treatment of neurosurgical patients with mechanical ventilation. AB - During 1978 a high incidence of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia (11/54) was found in patients treated with mechanical hyperventilation for cerebral lesions, compared to other patients on mechanical ventilation in the same ward (1/148). Patients with cerebral lesions also had an increased risk of colonization with Staph. aureus. The patients were colonized and infected with different phage types of Staph. aureus. These factors in combination with the epidemiological data indicate that the increased infection rate is due to a specific impairment of the local defence mechanism in the respiratory tract of these patients and not to an increased exposure to epidemic strains of Staph. aureus. The course of the infections indicates that microscopical examination of material from endotracheal suctions is important in order to diagnose the infection as early as possible. PMID- 7313573 TI - The bacteriology of acute otitis media in children with special reference to Streptococcus pneumoniae as studied by bacteriological and antigen detection methods. AB - The middle ear fluid (MEF) was studied during an acute attack of otitis media in 519 children, aged 3 months to 6 years. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) was cultured from 39% of the cases; serotypes 19, 6, 3 and 23 were the most common. Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) was cultured in 12%; only 2/64 strains were of type b. Pn were found equally often in all age groups, but Hi were significantly less often isolated in children older than 3 years. The number of negative cultures increased with the age of the child. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was detected with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and/or latex agglutination in 83% of the MEFs from which Pn were cultured, but also in about one third of the MEFs from which no bacteria could be grown. Altogether, with these methods combined Pn were implicated in nearly 60% of the cases of acute otitis media. Gram staining showed polymorphonuclear leucocytes in 85% of pneumococcal otitis cases that were verified by culture but also in 72% of the cases from which no bacteria could be cultured, supporting the contention that also these latter are usually caused by bacteria. PMID- 7313574 TI - Epidemiologic features of urinary infections due to enterobacteriaceae resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. AB - For a period of one year we identified all urinary isolates of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to either nalidixic acid (NA) or trimethoprim (TMP). Host and organism characteristics associated with the occurrence of 68 NA and 61 TMP-resistant isolates were compared with 61 matched antimicrobial-susceptible controls. Minimum inhibitory concentrations to NA and TMP were carried out on all isolates, Escherichia coli isolates were biotyped and TMP-sulfamethoxazole (SMX) synergy studies were performed on TMP-resistant isolates. Study patients were reviewed with regard to age, renal function, presence of structural urinary tract abnormality, history of antimicrobial treatment and persistence of study strains within the urinary tract. Resistance to both drugs was associated with prior treatment with the relevant antimicrobial and with underlying urinary tract abnormality. No association was noted between resistance and patient age or renal function. Once resistant organisms infected an abnormal urinary tract, they were able to persist almost indefinitely. Patients with persistent urinary infections associated with structural urinary tract abnormality account for most NA or TMP resistant infections in our hospital and constitute an identifiable group in whom the therapeutic usefulness of these drugs is limited. PMID- 7313575 TI - Absorption of erythromycin from pediatric suspension in infants and children. AB - The absorption of erythromycin in infants and children was estimated after the administration of an erythromycin suspension. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 0-1 month, 1-6 months and 6 months-6 years. The absorption was lower in infants less than 1 month of age than in the older children. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate and erythromycin stearate were equally well absorbed in the fasting state in subjects 6 months-6 years of age. Administration of the drug at mealtimes considerably increased the absorption of erythromycin ethylsuccinate but had little effect on the absorption of erythromycin stearate. The absorption of erythromycin stearate in the fasting state was much lower than that of erythromycin ethylsuccinate in infants 1-6 months of age. None of the infants given erythromycin ethylsuccinate because of an outbreak of whooping-cough on the neonatal ward showed evidence of liver toxicity, nor did they develop symptoms of whooping-cough. PMID- 7313577 TI - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - Although a positive direct Coombs' test is common in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, manifest haemolysis is rare. A case is presented in which M. pneumoniae infection was followed by severe autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobinuria. The presence of cold haemagglutinins suggests that these autoantibodies caused the haemolysis. Corticosteroid treatment corrected the haemolysis, which was of brief duration. Published data indicate that the mycoplasma agent is capable of altering the I receptors of normal erythrocytes by haemadsorption and production of a soluble haemolysin. PMID- 7313576 TI - Interstitial fluid concentrations of cefsulodin, azlocillin and carbenicillin. AB - Cefsulodin, azlocillin and carbenicillin were administered by intramuscular injection to rats in a dose of 100 mg/kg. THe serum concentration in frequent samples after administration was determined and compared with the interstitial fluid (IF) concentration, measured with implanted paper discs enveloped in a dialysis tube. The IF concentration of cefsulodin was significantly higher than that of the other two antibiotics. The AUC in the IF was also larger for cefsulodin. PMID- 7313578 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid and serum ampicillin levels in bacterial meningitis patients after intravenous and intramuscular administration. AB - 28 patients with bacterial meningitis received ampicillin by the intramuscular (IM) route and 16 patients by the intravenous (IV) route. The mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ampicillin levels were similar in the two groups 1 h after a dose given on the first or second day of treatment, but they were higher in the IM group on both days 4 h after a dose. CSF/serum ratios were similar in both groups but considerably higher at 4 h than at 1 h. PMID- 7313579 TI - Synovial fluid lactate determinations as a diagnostic aid in cases of monoarticular arthritis. AB - The concentration of synovial fluid lactate was determined by an enzymatic kit method in 16 patients with various types of monoarticular arthritis and in 2 patients with non-inflammatory lesions and no joint effusion. Lactate concentrations in control cases were 1.2 mmol/l, in septic arthritis above 10 mmol/l, in pseudogout and yersinia arthritis around 7 mmol/l, and in other cases of inflammatory, nonseptic arthritis around 3.0 mmol/l. PMID- 7313580 TI - Complement in pneumococcal infections with varying degrees of severity. AB - Complement component levels (Clq, Cls, C4, C3, factor B and properdin) and C1 subcomponent complexes (C1r-C1s, C1-r-C1-, C1-r-C1-s-C1 inactivator, 1A) were studied in 16 adults with pneumococcal infections varying severity. Patients with fulminant disease and signs of septic shock showed pronounced hypocomplementemia. In patients with pneumococcal pneumonia or meningitis elevated levels of C1-r-C1 s-C1- IA complexes indicated activation of C1, despite normal levels of C1q, C1s, C4 and C3. Moderately decreased properdin values suggested involvement of the alternative pathway. In adults with pneumococcal otitis no changes in the complement profile was found. In contrast, pronounced aberrations of the C1 subcomponents were earlier demonstrated in children with otitis. PMID- 7313581 TI - Concentration of cefuroxime in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bacterial meningitis. AB - 10 adults with bacterial meningitis were given 1.5 g cefuroxime intravenously 4 time daily in addition to the normal antibiotic treatment. CSF levels of cefuroxime ranged from 1.5 to 13.5 mg/l (mean 6.0 mg/l) in the aucte stage of the disease. In the convalescent stage, the cefuroxime levels in the CSF varied from less than 1 to 7.5 mg/l (mean 3.2 mg/l). The CSF levels of cefuroxime in all but one measurement, by far exceeded the MIC values reported for the vast majority of strains of the pathogen commonly associated with meningitis. PMID- 7313582 TI - Treatment of neonatal osteomyelitis with cloxacillin in combination with fusidic acid. AB - Four immature infants developed staphylococcal neonatal osteomyelitis. In spite of standard treatment with cloxacillin, gentamicin and surgical drainage new lesions developed in all 4 patients. Following the addition of fusidic acid no further progress was seen in any of the infants. Fusidic acid was administered intravenously for 10-14 days in a dose of 40 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses. The therapy was well tolerated. Thoracic kyphosis in one patient was the only sequelae seen. PMID- 7313583 TI - Tissue distribution of ampicillin: assays in muscle tissue and subcutaneous tissue cage fluid from normal and nephrectomized rabbits. AB - Tissue distribution of ampicillin following a single intravenous injection was studied in normal and functionally nephrectomized rabbits. Serum concentrations of ampicillin were compared with those obtained in subcutaneous tissue cage fluid, muscle (measured by a direct agar diffusion method) and muscle tissue fluid (obtained from implanted cotton threads). Considerable differences were found. Penetration of ampicillin into rabbit muscle was rapid and the elimination half-life was similar to that of serum. Concentrations in tissue cage fluid were low as compared with muscle tissue fluid levels, and penetration and elimination was slower. Results from experiments in functionally nephrectomized rabbits showed that a steady state between serum and muscle seemed to be attained after 15-30 min. These results were used to estimate the degree of protein binding of ampicillin in muscle tissue fluid. PMID- 7313584 TI - Herpes zoster and hepatitis B: detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen in vesicle fluid. PMID- 7313585 TI - Acute suppurative salmonella thyroiditis: clinical course and antibody response. AB - A previously healthy 72-year-old man, who had been treated with steroids for one month on a presumptive diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica, developed a suppurative thyreoiditis. Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the thyroid aspirate. Although the bacterial strain was sensitive to ampicillin in vitro, the disease was not cured until treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was initiated. The patient developed a high antibody response of the IgM class against both salmonella serogroup B and D O-antigenic determinants, as estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Absorption studies suggested that most of the antibody response was directed against salmonella 012 determinant(s), common to both salmonella serogroup B and D. PMID- 7313586 TI - Incidence of Yersiniosis in Finland. AB - During 1971 through 1978 antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica types 3 and 9 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IA were measured in 25307 patients with symptoms compatible with yersinia infections in southwestern Finland. Agglutinin titres greater than or equal to 160 were found in 1 500 patients. The annual incidence of elevated titres varied, but no significant overall change was found during this period. The results suggest that yersiniosis is not a "new" infection with increasing incidence, but an endemic infection in this region. PMID- 7313587 TI - Treatment of giardiasis: relative efficacy of metronidazole as compared with tinidazole. AB - 50 patients with giardiasis were treated with either metronidazole or tinidazole in random order according to a code. 25 patients received 2.0 g metronidazole on 2 consecutive days; 19 were cured (76%); 7 patients complained of mild side effects. 25 patients received tinidazole 2.0 g as a single dose, and 22 were cured (88%); 5 patients complained of mild side-effects. The difference between the results of the two regimens was not statistically significant. A 1-week course of metronidazole (200 mg 3 times daily) was successful in 8/9 failures; 1 patient was finally cured with mepacrine. PMID- 7313588 TI - [Report on some recent findings in research on the etiology of aggression]. AB - Instead of considering aggression as an autonomous instinct, it is preferable to speak of a potential of aggression which can be exploited by several biological functions. Contemporary ethology insists on the instrumental and polyadaptive nature of aggression. It is the aim of the first section of this paper to reveal the close links which exist between aggression, social organization and adaptation to the environment. The second part reviews some results of recent studies on aggression in primates. It is possible to gain certain hypotheses on human aggression from ethological research work. Territoriality for instance may be interpreted as product of the interaction between the human biogram and the environment rather than as a distinctive and omni-present feature of human nature. Even extreme forms of human aggression (cruelty, sadism, slavery) do not necessarily imply an increased potential for aggressive in our species. PMID- 7313590 TI - [Confrontation with aggression - psychopathological patterns of behavior]. AB - Man in our society is less and less able to manage his own aggression or aggression of others. Psychopathologic patterns of reaction appearing thereby are demonstrated on the example of the soldier, and relations to stress theories are discussed. Conditions of formation and consequences of suppression of aggression are shown on the example of the recruit with fear of shooting or failure in basic training; similar manifestations in non-military life are referred to. The necessity of an education to adequate management of aggression is stressed. PMID- 7313589 TI - [Aggression in peer groups during the second year of life]. AB - 1. Very little is known about the behaviour of children in their second year and even less in their Peer-group. Aggressive behaviour among peers seems to be established at this age and it is interesting to observe it within the Peer groups. 2. A useful definition of aggression seems to be the following one: Aggression is any physical contact, direct or indirect, by which another person is hurt. 3. We observe five different forms of aggression: 3.1 Aggression by chance, without any aim, happening out of awkwardness and motoric clumsiness. This kind of aggression becomes rarer during the second year. 3.2 Manipulating one another, as shaking arm or leg of another child, pulling his hair, tapping his body and so on, giving the impression of the aggressor exploring his partner. This kind of aggression also becomes rarer during the second year. 3.3 Robbery of objects, i.e. toys being in the hands of another; the reaction of the victim is increasing during the second year. 3.4 Aggression in order to control the group and to establish leadership in connection with the development of a group hierarchy. 3.5 Pathologic Aggression, observed on a child of the group with brain dysfunction. The child overthrows others from behind, climbs on them and bites them in the ear, the neck or the cheek. 4. We still need more observation on Peer groups of this age to know more about the beginning and development of the here described phenomena. PMID- 7313591 TI - [Rituals of aggression and appeasement: systemic and etiological aspects]. AB - In a view which takes into consideration together systemic concepts, concepts own to the field of communication theories, and ideas of comparative ethology, the author attempts an approach of the mechanisms governing interpersonal regulation of aggressive behaviour. After a brief review of characters of rites, he examines more specifically rites of aggression and of appeasement, currently observed in animal world, and that can be observed too in human species, at a stylized level. In this point of view, he studies not only specific characters of these rites, but their dynamic unrolling into interactional sequences, which can by symmetrical or complementary. He underlines the usefulness of rites in human relationships, especially their regulating value in mastering aggressive behaviour. He calls their therapeutic utilisation, notably in family therapy. PMID- 7313592 TI - [Contamination of a glioma by the herpes virus]. AB - The clinical and neuropathologic descriptions of a glioma in a 65 years old patient, who died 9 days after its subtotal resection, are documented. The post mortem study of the brain revealed an herpetic encephalitis with its classical topographical distribution. There were numerous eosinophilic inclusion bodies which ultrastructurally were characteristic of herpes simplex virus. The author discusses, with reference to the literature, the exo and endogenous sources of infection, the means of dissemination, the problem of latency and reactivation of the virus. He proposes the hypothesis that the infection of the glioma cells is this case was most likely related the immature immunity of the cells, corticoid therapy and surgical resection acting as inducers. The almost complete absence of an inflammatory reaction evokes an opportunistic viral infection in an immunodeficient patient. Inspite of the description by many authors of different particles which have been interpreted as of viral origin in some brain tumours, the hypothesis of an oncogenic action of the herpetic virus is not retained in this particular case, considered as exceptional, of the glioma described herein. The precocious search for HSV antibodies by immunofluorescence and a temporal lobe biopsy in order to establish an early diagnosis are necessities so as to administer as rapidly as possible the specific therapy, adenine-arabinoside. PMID- 7313593 TI - [Schizophrenia and HLA antigens]. AB - 38 schizophrenic patients (21 hebephrenics and 17 paranoids) and 124 healthy subjects were matched for HLA antigens. HLA typing was determined by the microdroplet lymphocyte toxicity method developed by Terasaki of UCLA. In order to detect 47 HLA antigens as many as 118 antisera were used. No significant differences in HLA typing were found between the two groups. However, the separate evaluation of HLA antigens of hebephrenic schizophrenics did not give any statistical significance, as well. The authors discuss these findings in the light of previous studies on the topic. PMID- 7313594 TI - [Personality disorders in head injured adults]. AB - Personality changes and behavioral disturbances have been studied in nineteen adult head-injured patients who did not present the usual features of the "post traumatic syndrome". The characteristics of this group of patients are described: sex, age, severity of the injury, brain damage localization and associated neuropsychological symptoms. The premorbid personality and psychopathologic antecedents are analyzed. After comparing the results of this study with those reported in the literature, the author comes to the conclusion that behavioral disorders and personality changes in head-injured patients do not show any clear correlation with the severity of the injury but are more likely to occur after temporal lobe damage and especially in patients with a previous history of neurotic or psychopathic symptoms. PMID- 7313595 TI - [Antero-lateral, cervical microsurgical diskectomy]. AB - We report 25 cases of cervical disc lesion, treated with antero-lateral microsurgical discectomy without intercorporal graft. The posterior osteophyts were removed and the posterior longitudinal ligament lateral resected. In the control period of 6 months to 4 years we have in 84% of cases excellent/good results clinically and radiologically and concerning the working capacity. Comparing the results with 51 other cases operated on with the fusions technique after Cloward, there are no significant differences. We give a short description of the technique and review the literature. PMID- 7313596 TI - [Structure of anorexia nervosa]. AB - The author presents her findings in social, psychodynamic and biological fields of 35 patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and 30 patients suffering from post pill amenorrhoea. Both groups show a decreased response to LH-releasing hormones, a prolonged time of acrale reheating and pathological responses to the administration of insulin and adrenalin. The disturbances are more severe in the group of anorectic patients and are discussed as signs of a dysfunction of the cerebro-hypothalamic-pituitory axis. The psychodynamics of the patients and the educational style of the parents (EBF 70, Bottcher) show similarities between both groups. PMID- 7313597 TI - [The role of aggression and sense in the regulation of interpersonal relations]. AB - Five qualities have given man his ability to realize his full human potential: 1) an innate predisposition to gregarious life, 2) an aggressive instinct, 3) an aptitude for insight, 4) a capacity for gaining extensive knowledge and skills which are at his disposal independent of instinctual drives, and 5) an urge to acquire speech, enabling him to establish a second signal system as the basis of the unique human form of consciousness. The combination of the qualities 3, 4, and 5 are, as it were, man's accessories in his struggle for existence, and can be used to serve his aggressive needs. - Every cultural development leads in the course of generations to an increase of intellectual awareness, because an increasing share of indispensable knowledge must be passed on verbally. At the same time the importance of direct, practical first-hand experience and imitative learning declines. Especially for those men whose occupations primarily involve theoretical activities a discordance arises between the world of their imaginations and consciously-controlled ways of thought and behaviour on the one hand, and their endothymic impulses, moods and feelings (which mostly originate from the innate predisposition for gregarious life) on the other. If rationalistic processes predominate in shaping forms of social interaction, man will have to manipulate the behaviour of his fellow-men as well as his own mental capacities for emotional distancing, disregarding or even violating the incalculable "endothymic" part of his being. That may have disastrous effects. PMID- 7313598 TI - [Human aggression. Continuing education course of the Swiss Society for Psychiatry. Bern, 5-6 June 1980]. PMID- 7313599 TI - [Human aggression. Introduction]. PMID- 7313600 TI - [Is violence of psychiatric patients a real danger for "open door psychiatry"?]. AB - The public opinion frequently attributes a dangerous behavior to the severe mentally disturbed. Is there really an overrepresentation of the mentally sick among violent delinquents? In a retrospective epidemiological study performed in the Federal Republic of Germany the personality features, mental status and criminal acts of 533 mentally disturbed violent delinquents were investigated and compared with the same data obtained in healthy violent delinquents, in mentally disturbed non-delinquents of the same diagnosis and in the general population of a responsible age. The most important results of this study are reported. The proportion of the mentally ill in the group of all violent delinquents of the decade examined (1955-1964) does not exceed the proportion of the mentally ill in the entire population so that the question asked above can clearly be answered with no. Factors increasing the risk of aggressive behavior in various groups of mental disturbances are discernible; the recognition of these factors should be followed by appropriate therapeutic measures. PMID- 7313601 TI - Acquisition of locational information about reference points during blindfolded and sighted locomotion: effects of a concurrent task and locomotion paths. PMID- 7313602 TI - Acquisition of locational information about reference points during locomotion with and without a concurrent task: effects of number of reference points. PMID- 7313603 TI - The logic of psychological treatment. PMID- 7313604 TI - Language and problem solving ability: a comparison between deaf and hearing adolescents. PMID- 7313605 TI - Health hazards and stress factors in small industry - Prevalence study in the province of Uusimaa with special reference to the type of industry and the occupational title as classifications for the description of occupational health problems. PMID- 7313606 TI - Human response to controlled levels of combinations of sulfur dioxide and inert dust. AB - Under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber 16 healthy young volunteers were exposed to combinations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) (2.6 or 13 mg/m3) and inert plastic dust (2 or 10 mg/m3) or of SO2 (13 mg/m3) and dust (10 mg/m3) coated with vanadium. During periods of clean air and during exposures of 5-h duration nasal mucus flow rate, nasal airflow resistance, forced vital capacity, and subjective discomfort were measured. Reductions in nasal mucus flow rate, forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%), and discomfort were related principally to the SO2 concentration. The combined effects of SO2 and dust were, at the most, additive, and there was no indication of potentiation effects. No effect could be attributed to the coating of the dust with vanadium. PMID- 7313609 TI - Distribution and elimination of 14C-styrene in rat. AB - Male rats were exposed to about 45 ppm of radioactively labeled styrene in the inspired air for 1--8 h. The distribution and elimination of styrene and its metabolites in different organs and tissues were studied. To get an idea of the ratio between unmetabolized and metabolized styrene in organs and tissues, a supplementary study was performed in which five male rats were exposed to about 250 ppm of radioactively labeled styrene. The largest amounts of styrene and its metabolites were found in the subcutaneous fat, and the concentration displayed a sharp rise during the first 4 h of exposure in comparison with the following 4 h. The concentration of styrene and its metabolites in the cerebrum, cerebellum and muscles paralleled the arterial blood concentration throughout the entire period of exposure and amounted to about 70% of the arterial blood value. In the supplementary study an accumulation of styrene metabolites in subcutaneous fat was disclosed; it ranged from 15 to 20% during exposure. PMID- 7313608 TI - A rapid method for the selective analysis of total urinary metabolites of inorganic arsenic. AB - Total urinary arsenic has traditionally been used for assessing occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic. However, dietary arsenic, especially from seafood, may greatly influence this value. This paper describes a fast and convenient method for routinely measuring the combined amount of inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid, which are the major urinary metabolites after exposure to inorganic arsenic. Organic arsenic compounds of marine origin are not biotransformed to inorganic arsenic or methylated arsenic acids to any significance in the human body. They do not produce arsines when treated with the reducing agent in the proposed method and will therefore not interfere with the measurements. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the proposed method are sufficient for the determination of concentrations of arsenic normally found in the urine of nonexposed persons. The method is based on a commercially available hydride generation kit attached to an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. PMID- 7313610 TI - Distribution and elimination of 14C-xylene in rat. AB - Male rats were exposed to about 45 ppm of radioactively labeled xylene in the inspired air for 1--8 h. The distribution and elimination of xylene and metabolites in different organs and tissues were studied. To get an idea of the ratio between unmetabolized and metabolized xylene in organs and tissues, a supplementary study was performed in which five male rats were exposed to about 250 ppm of radioactively labeled xylene. The concentration of xylene and metabolites in the subcutaneous fat, where the largest amounts were found, displayed a sharp rise during the first 4 h of exposure in comparison with the following 4 h. Both during exposure and the decay phase the concentration of xylene and its metabolites in the cerebrum, cerebellum and muscles paralleled the arterial blood concentration and amounted to about 40% of the arterial blood value for xylene. The coefficient between the concentration of unmetabolized xylene in subcutaneous fat and inspiratory air was calculated to be 525 after 8 h of exposure. PMID- 7313607 TI - Changes in rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and enzymatic activities after the inhalation of n-hexane, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone and methylchloroform for four weeks. AB - Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed, by inhalation, to n-hexane (900 ppm, 3,240 mg/m3), xylene (600 ppm, 2,625 mg/m3), methyl ethyl ketone (800 ppm, 2,345 mg/m3) and methylchloroform (800 ppm, 4,345 mg/m3) for four weeks. Increased liver weights and liver to body weight ratios were observed for all the solvents except n-hexane. An increased in vitro formation of certain metabolites of all the investigated substrates was found only in the rats exposed to xylene. The in vitro microsomal metabolism of biphenyl, benzo(a)pyrene, 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 4 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that n-hexane was without effect on rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and that methyl ethyl ketone and methylchloroform depressed the formation of two metabolites of androstenedione but did not alter the concentration of cytochrome P-450 under the experimental conditions used. Xylene was shown to be a phenobarbital-like inducer of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7313611 TI - Interferences in the spectrophotometric S-diphenylcarbazide determination of environmental hexavalent chromium in a chromium and zinc plating plant. AB - A study on the determination of environmental hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] was carried out in a chromium and zinc plating plant. The atmospheric particulate was collected both on glass wool filters and with an electrostatic sampler; Cr(VI) was determined by the S-diphenylcarbazide method. The filtered and electrostatically collected Cr(VI) was extracted with both 1.4% sulfuric acid and 7% sodium carbonate. Strong interference was observed when extraction was carried out with the acid medium. Alkaline extraction permits 95 +/- 6 (+/- SD)% recovery of the total chromium and has been shown to be suitable in releasing Cr(VI). The analyses of the alkaline samples were carried out with the standard addition method to compensate for a depressive interference of 26 +/- 8 (+/- SD)%. The absorbance decrease of the Cr-S-diphenylcarbazide complex is a time function, and it should be measured within a few minutes of the reagent addition. PMID- 7313612 TI - A Swedish cancer-environment register available for research. AB - The National Board of Health and Welfare and the National Central Bureau of Statistics in Sweden have jointly established a register containing, in addition to the data of the Swedish Cancer Register, information on occupation, economic activity, place of domicile, etc, from the 1960 population census. In the autumn of 1978 this Register was made available for interested scientists in all countries. It can be used for epidemiologic studies on the relationship that occupation, place of domicile, and similar factors may bear to the incidence of different types of cancer. The project was designated the Cancer-Environment Register. The present paper contains a synopsis of this register. PMID- 7313613 TI - Methyl chloride and diazepam effects on performance. AB - Human behavioral effects resulting from the ingestion of an average dose of diazepam and from 3 h of inhaling either 100 ppm or 200 ppm of methyl chloride (MeCl) were studied in the laboratory. Each of 56 volunteers was randomly assigned to one of six groups comprising the combinations of diazepam and placebo and one of the two levels of MeCl plus control. Each individual was tested in an environmental room on three tasks involving components of eye-hand coordination, mental alertness, and time discrimination. Both pretreatment and treatment data were obtained. Diazepam produced a significant 10% impairment in task performance, whereas the effect of 200 ppm of MeCl was marginally significant (average performance impairment of 4.5%). When the two agents were combined, total impairment was equal to the sum of the individually induced losses. Large interindividual differences in breath and blood levels were found for MeCl. PMID- 7313614 TI - Inorganic fibers in lung tissue from patients with pleural plaques or malignant mesothelioma. AB - The concentration of inorganic fibers in the lungs of patients with malignant mesothelioma and pleural plaques has been compared to that of patients without cancer or chronic respiratory diseases. The fiber concentrations have been determined by scanning electron microscopy and given as number of fibers per gram of dried tissue. A statistically significant difference in inorganic fiber content was found between the different groups. PMID- 7313615 TI - Delivery outcome for women working in the pulp and paper industry. AB - A report on unusually many wasted pregnancies among women working at a laboratory in a paper industry gave rise to a cohort study on pregnancy outcome among all women working in the pulp and paper industry in Sweden during 1973--1977. A total of 890 deliveries were identified (899 infants born). The total number of malformed infants or perinatally dead infants was according to expectations. When the material was broken up according to occupation, it was found that, in the group of infants whose mothers worked in laboratories during pregnancy, the rate of malformed infants appeared high. These data, added to previously published data, seem to support the notion that work in laboratories represents a pregnancy hazard. PMID- 7313618 TI - Long-term adjustment of circadian rhythms to a rotating shiftwork schedule. AB - This investigation is a further study of the long-term effects of a weekly rotating day-night shift schedule on circadian rhythms. It was performed 3 a after the introduction of an increase in nighttime work. Six male typesetters were observed in connection with the beginning and end of the nightshift week and in connection with their free days in the "day week." Measurements were taken of body temperature during both the awake and sleep periods and of self-rated activation. For the same subjects a comparison was also made of variations in awake temperatures and self-related activation after one month, one year and three years on the new shift schedule. Results showed that after 3 a of experience the awake temperature curves had a flattened shape in connection with both the beginning and end of the nightshift week and also during the free days. During sleep there was however a short-term adjustment of the temperature curves within the nightshift week. Comparisons over years revealed significant changes in the course of variation in body temperature during both night and day work, while no significant changes were found for self-related activation. The possibility that experience has a differential influence upon the phase adjustment of temperature maxima compared to minima was discussed. PMID- 7313617 TI - Temporal patterns in psychophysiological activation in rotating shift workers--A follow-up field study one year after an increase in nighttime work. AB - The study concerned the long-term effects of a weekly rotating day-night shift schedule on circadian functions. It was performed 1 h after the introduction of an increase in nighttime work and was a follow-up of a study performed one month after the change of workhours. Fourteen male typesetters were observed in connection with the first, fourth and seventh nightshifts of the "night week" and the two dayshifts of the "day week." Measurements were taken of body temperature and self-rated activation during awake periods, of adrenaline excretion during work and sleep, and of choice-reaction time during work. The results showed that a different pattern of variation in circadian functions was present 1 h after the increase in nighttime work when compared to the pattern one month after the increase. The change in pattern consisted mainly of a general flattening of the curves during both day and night work, although some changes from the beginning to the end of the nightshift week could still be noticed. PMID- 7313616 TI - Relation of soft-tissue sarcoma, malignant lymphoma and colon cancer to phenoxy acids, chlorophenols and other agents. AB - An association between exposure to phenoxy acids or chlorophenols and soft-tissue sarcoma and malignant lymphoma has previously been reported. An association between exposure to organic solvents and malignant lymphoma has been demonstrated as well. In the present investigation the validity of the assessment of exposure to phenoxy acids and chlorophenols in the previous studies has been further analyzed, partly through a reconsideration of original data and partly through the utilization of another cancer type (colon cancer) for comparison. No observational bias was found which could distort the earlier findings. No significant association was found for these chemicals and colon cancer, whereas exposure to asbestos showed about a twofold increase in risk for colon cancer, an occurrence in agreement with previously reported findings. PMID- 7313620 TI - Non-enzymatic glycosylation of protein: a form of molecular aging. AB - Aldoses and ketoses react non-enzymatically with amino groups on proteins. The rates for individual amino groups differ widely. Hb AIc, the product of reaction of glucose and the N terminal amino group on beta chains, is normally present inside erythrocytes at about 4% of total haemoglobin. It is 3--5 fold increase in diabetics. Other fast haemoglobins are glycosylation products as well. The condensation between glucose and amino group first and rapidly leads to the formation of an aldimine (Schiff base) which then is slowly rearranged to give a ketoamine. The importance of the above reaction is outlined for other amino groups on haemoglobin and for many other proteins. Its role in the diabetic complications and in molecular aging in general is discussed. PMID- 7313621 TI - [Granulocyte kinetics and granulocyte transfusion]. PMID- 7313619 TI - Formaldehyde exposure in work and the general environment. Occurrence and possibilities for prevention. AB - Formaldehyde is extensively used for many different purposes. For this reason, serious concern has been expressed about the health hazards related to its potent irritating and sensitizing properties. Recently published information about the potential carcinogenicity of formaldehyde has generated further discussion of the potential health hazards of this compound. This article briefly reviews the health hazards of formaldehyde, the occurrence of formaldehyde in the environment, and general aspects of the prevention of existing hazards. PMID- 7313622 TI - [Plasmapheresis: First clinical results in malignant tumors]. AB - 32 patients (10 females and 22 males) with chemotherapy-resistant tumors were again treated with the previously ineffective chemotherapy after plasmapheresis. 19 of 32 patients showed a minor response or no change lasting more than 3 1/2 weeks; in 10 of the 32 patients it lasted for more than 8 weeks. PMID- 7313623 TI - [Acquired, vitamin B6-responsive, primary sideroblastic anemia, an enzyme deficiency in heme synthesis]. AB - The activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALAS), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis, has been found to be markedly reduced (13% of controls) in erythroblasts of a patient with acquired, primary sideroblastic anemia. Administration of vitamin B6 (pyridoxin, 200-600 mg/d) resulted in complete reconstitution of erythroblastic ALAS-activity with concomitant disappearance of all hematologic abnormalities. The findings show that the therapeutic efficacy of pyridoxin in primary sideroblastic anemia is due to its effect on defective ALAS. More generally, the data support the view that almost all features of primary sideroblastic anemia can be ascribed to a disturbance of heme synthesis in erythroblasts. PMID- 7313625 TI - [Rheology, metabolism and oxygen transport in old and young erythrocytes in arterial occlusive disease]. AB - Red blood cell (RBC) rheological and metabolic functions were studied in 10 diabetics with peripheral vascular disease (PAD) following separation of RBC according to cell age by density layer centrifugation. Decreased levels of ADP, ATP, 2,3-DPG and GSH were observed in dense layers of RBC containing older cell fractions. Further, raised lactate/pyruvate ratios were obtained from the same RBC fractions. O2-function was markedly impaired in all patients with PAD. Thus, metabolic disorder of RBC associated with reduced red cell deformity by retarding blood flow through the microcirculation may be important factors in states of peripheral vascular insufficiency in diabetics. PMID- 7313624 TI - [Stimulation of hematopoietic stem cells with serum specimens of patients with polycythemia vera]. AB - Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of normals and patients with terminal renal insufficiency on hemodialysis were set up in methylcellulose cultures with and without addition of sera of patients with polycythemia vera (pv). In renal patients we found more intensive stimulation of hematopoietic progenitor cells after addition of pv-sera than in normals. The findings suggest a hematopoietic factor in sera of pv which is not identical with erythropoietin. PMID- 7313626 TI - [Effect of anti-idiotypes on the production of phosphorylcholine-specific antibodies]. AB - BALB/c mice were immunized with purified phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific myeloma proteins of the TEPC-15 and M167 tumors. After the respective isologous anti idiotypic responses had been established, and after an additional resting period of four months, animals were immunized with phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin in a procedure normally leading to formation of IgE in addition to antibodies of other classes. The experiment shows that BALB/c mice producing (T15) anti-idiotypes depress the formation of anti-PC IgE, IgM, IgA antibodies, while stimulatory effects on the IgG response are observed. This demonstrates that IgE bears idiotypes similar or identical, to antibodies of other classes, and that anti-PC IgE antibodies mainly bear the T15 idiotype or idiotypes crossreacting with isologous anti-T15. On the other hand, cells responsible for regulation or production of antibodies of different classes show different susceptibility to regulation by anti-idiotypes. The formation of IgE antibodies seems to be particularly susceptible to suppression by anti-idiotypes, a fact which may lead to new treatments for some allergic diseases and to new insight into the mechanisms of hyposensitization therapy. PMID- 7313627 TI - [Fibrinogen Bern I and fibrinogen Bern II: 2 hereditary fibrinogen variants with diverse biochemical properties]. AB - Two inherited fibrinogen variants, fibrinogen Bern I and fibrinogen Bern II, have been partially characterized. The markedly prolonged thrombin clotting times observed with both variants result from impaired fibrin monomer aggregation. Complete correction of this polymerization defect at physiological calcium concentrations has been achieved for fibrinogen Bern I. This variant also exhibits a charge abnormality in the gamma-polypeptide chain, an increased sialic acid content and defective calcium binding by the C-terminal part of the molecule. Fibrinogen Bern II, on the other hand, exhibits a defect which, although located at a site important for polymerization, is not influenced by the binding of calcium ions. PMID- 7313628 TI - [How many cephalosporins does the clinician need?]. PMID- 7313629 TI - [Inquiry on the use of cephalosporins in Switzerland]. AB - In July of 1980 an inquiry was conducted on the use of cephalosporins (CS) in Swiss hospitals. 387 senior physicians answered the questionnaire with reference to the following points: -- Frequency of CS administration compared with the use of aminopenicillins and of combinations of several penicillins. -- Reasons for switching from one CS to another CS derivative. -- Major indications and principles of CS administration. -- Frequency of oral administration of CS. -- Use of CS in bacterial meningitis and in infections by anaerobic bacteria. -- Combination with aminoglycosides. -- Preference to particular CS derivatives. In the light of practical experience and a multitude of additional comments by the respondent physicians, an attempt is made to define guidelines for CS application. PMID- 7313630 TI - [Preclinical hyperthyroidism in thyroid invasion by tumors of other organs]. AB - Inclusion of that degree of supranormal autonomous thyroid function which induces TRH-refractoriness without clinical hyperthyroidism (i.e. preclinical hyperthyroidism), and a high prevalence of autonomously functioning multinodular goiter results in a high incidence of hyperthyroidism in thyroid malignancy. In a series of 56 consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma 17 (30%) had a coincidental multinodular goiter with preclinical (21%) or overt (9%) hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, preclinical hyperthyroidism was found in 2 out of 5 patients with secondary carcinoma and malignant lymphoma of the thyroid respectively. These patients' cases are presented in detail; they had no concomitant nodular goiter or signs of immunogenic autonomous thyroid function. The observation confirms the facultative occurrence of supranormal thyroid hormone release induced by tumor invasion and morphologic destruction of follicles. PMID- 7313631 TI - [Sinus node disease - diagnosis and treatment]. AB - The concept of sinus node disease is defined by a group of clinical and electrocardiographic features related to sinus node dysfunction whatever its mechanism; the organicity of the disease can be proven if total or subtotal histological alterations of the sinus node are demonstrated. The most typical symptoms are neurological (syncopes and dizziness). Sinoatrial block, sinus arrest, sinus bradycardia or bradyarrhythmia, and the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome are the most usual electrocardiographic aspects. The diagnosis is often rendered difficult by the usually intermittent and frequently nonspecific character of the symptoms and of the ECG signs. Holter monitoring is often essential to resolve these difficulties. If the diagnosis remains dubious, the use of electrophysiological methods is necessary: direct recording of the sinus nodal intracardiac potential can now be added to the classical rapid and premature atrial stimulation, possibly complemented by pharmacological tests. Finally, therapeutic indications can be considered after a correct clinical, electrocardiographical and electrophysiological evaluation of the patient. Medical treatment alone is usually ineffective in controlling the attacks of arrhythmia and the neurological episodes. If the sinus nodal dysfunction is obvious and symptomatic, permanent pacing is the treatment of choice. Its short and medium term results are generally excellent, while the long term results, especially with regard to survival of the patients, could be improved by the most recent pacing techniques. PMID- 7313632 TI - [The treatment requiring heart rhythm disorders in ambulatory patients]. AB - Among ambulatory patients with rhythm disturbances, selection of those who should be treated is essential. Type and frequency of arrhythmia cannot be considered in isolation from the underlying heart disease. Aims of treatment are improvement of symptoms caused by the arrhythmia and prevention of sudden death. Except for atrial fibrillation in the WPW-syndrome, supraventricular arrhythmias are most frequently treated because of their hemodynamic consequences. Frequent complex premature ventricular beats may be an indication for antiarrhythmic therapy in certain patients with coronary heart disease, since this rhythm disturbance appears to increase the risk of sudden death in this setting. Similarly, premature ventricular beats may have prognostic significance for subsets of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse and long Q-T syndrome. In general, however, only a small percentage of all ambulatory patients with arrhythmias needs to be treated. PMID- 7313633 TI - [Control of the efficacy of anti-arrhythmic treatments]. AB - The evaluation of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy can be based on clinical history, ambulatory monitoring and/or clinical electrophysiological investigations. The respective indications for such methods depend mainly on the nature of the arrhythmia, its severity, and the aim of the study. In benign arrhythmias the goal is to improve the patient's symptoms. In chronic arrhythmias Holter monitoring is the best means of quantitating the actual benefit of the treatment. In triggerable paroxysmal arrhythmias electrophysiological methods are very useful even though they do not afford total security as far as long-term follow up is concerned. PMID- 7313634 TI - [Rhythm troubles: when and how to treat them?]. AB - The decision to treat arrhythmias can be based upon subjective symptoms or on the potential danger of the particular rhythm disturbance. The underlying myocardial condition has also to be considered. The main practical problem is to define which premature ventricular beats (PVB) require treatment in the hope of reducing the risk of sudden death. At the moment the answer can be given only for treatment of PVB's with beta-blockers in patients who have had myocardial infarction; the risk of sudden death is diminished in these cases. One may extend this approach to other cardiopathies or to other antiarrhythmic drugs, but thus far this has not been proven to be effective. PMID- 7313635 TI - [Physical training in high altitude]. AB - Hemodynamic parameters and myocardial extraction of lactate and free fatty acids (FFA) have been studied at rest and during exercise (bicycle) in 9 mountain climbers who spent 4 weeks in the Himalayas at an altitude of 5500-7000 m. All investigations were performed before and immediately after the stay at high altitude. The combined effect of physical training and hypoxemia of high altitude did not alter the hemodynamic parameters, calculated VO2 max, production of lactate or decrease of FFA during the exercise test, but myocardial extraction of lactate and FFA changed. After returning from the expedition myocardial extraction (at rest and during exercise) of lactate increased and that of FFA decreased. The reasons for these alterations and their goals and implications are discussed. PMID- 7313636 TI - [The frequency of sudden heart death in coronary heart disease]. AB - 229 unoperated male patients with at least 50% obstructive lesions of at least one major coronary artery were followed for 1604 patient years (7 years per patient). 88 deaths were observed during this period. 54 of the 79 cardiac deaths (68%) were sudden. The percentage of sudden cardiac death was 74% for three vessel disease, 83% for left main lesions, 81% for ejection fraction (EF) over 0.50 and 75% for EF under 0.36. It is concluded that sudden cardiac death is likely to occur just as well with normal EF (but three-vessel or left main disease) as with severely reduced EF. PMID- 7313637 TI - [Isotope angiocardiography: amelioration of the measurement of ejection fraction by a new treatment of the image]. AB - Some of the limitations affecting radioisotopic images are their insufficient resolution, structure boundaries and accurate subtraction of background noise. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio the images of the recorded heart cycles are treated by the Karhunen-Loeve transformation. Edge detection is based on compression of the image to a bitmap at a chosen level and following of all bits set to one by a pointer. The outlines of the structures as determined by edge tracking are used to define the regions of interest within the enhanced images. Background subtraction applies the principle of interpolative background subtraction by computing an individual background for each point in an irregular region of interest. The resultant images are used to calculate an index of cardiac efficiency which shows high correlation (r = 0.92) with the ejection fraction of contrast biplane left ventricular angiography. PMID- 7313638 TI - [National survey on cardiac stimulation in Switzerland in 1980]. AB - The fifth national survey of cardiac pacemaking in Switzerland in 1980 can be summarized as follows: 95% replies; 200 first implants/year/million inhabitants, 85% of the patients being more than 60 years old at the time of the implantation; most of the leads (91.5%) were intraventricular, the majority being unipolar (95%). The indications are now sinusal disorders as often as atrioventricular blocks (45% each). They are based upon clinical and electrocardiographic criteria rather than upon complementary diagnostic tests. The most important developments are the growing number of programmable pacemakers and the introduction of physiological pacing. PMID- 7313639 TI - [Technic and long term results of pacemaker treatment with atrial electrodes]. AB - A new implantation technique in the upper lateral part of the right atrium has reduced the complication rate of atrial electrodes to less than 4% at 11 months' follow-up. P-wave amplitude and acute and chronic threshold are in the order of conventional ventricular electrodes. In 10 of 56 patients with atrial-triggered ventricular pacemakers the cardiac output at rest and during exercise was found to be respectively 8% and 17% higher than with fixed-rate ventricular pacing. This hemodynamic benefit is longlasting, in contrast to findings with non-atrial synchronized pacing. PMID- 7313640 TI - [Surgical treatment of heart rhythm disorders]. AB - Six patients underwent cardiac surgery for refractory tachyarrhythmias. Four had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and 2 ventricular tachycardias after myocardial infarction. The results of preoperative electrophysiologic studies corresponded in 5 cases to intraoperative findings of epicardial and pace-mapping. These patients were free of symptoms for the 4-16 months' follow-up. In one patient with divergent results, tachycardia and preexcitation returned two months postoperatively. In the light of the foregoing the authors suggest surgical treatment for 1. preexcitation with life-threatening arrhythmias, 2. refractory ventricular tachycardias with coronary artery disease and 3. preexcitation in patients undergoing open heart surgery for other reasons. PMID- 7313641 TI - [Determinants of the diastolic pressure-volume relationship of the left ventricle: significance of myocardial ischemia and vena cava occlusion]. AB - Diastolic pressure-volume relations of the left ventricle were studied in 7 dogs during partial and complete coronary occlusion. The pericardium was widely opened and the dogs were instrumented with a left ventricular micromanometer, cuff occluders around the left circumflex coronary artery and inferior vena cava, and ultrasonic crystals to measure control and ischemic wall thickness as well as both left ventricular long and short axes. Measurements were performed at rest and after 2 minutes of partial and complete coronary occlusion. The first experiment was performed without caval occlusion and a second experiment was carried out a few days later with caval occlusion. During partial coronary occlusion, no shift of the diastolic pressure-volume relationship was observed. However, during complete coronary occlusion the pressure-volume curve was shifted significantly upwards but no shift was observed when occlusion of the inferior vena cava was carried out. These findings suggest that the shift of the diastolic pressure-volume relationship during coronary occlusions (1) depends on the extent of myocardial ischemia and (2) is related to ventricular interaction since the shift was prevented by caval occlusion. PMID- 7313642 TI - [How dependable is the end systolic pressure/volume relationship for the determination of left ventricular contractility in aortic valve diseases?]. AB - The validity of the end-systolic pressure/volume ratio (ESP/ESVI) was evaluated in 88 patients with aortic valve disease (31 with aortic stenosis, 28 with aortic insufficiency and 29 with combined valve disease) by comparing the ESP/ESVI ratio with left ventricular systolic function parameters. The results demonstrate that in practice a normal EST/ESVI ratio excludes depression of myocardial contractility. A reduced ESP/ESVI ratio found in 57 patients did, however, correspond to other systolic function parameters indicating depressed or possibly depressed contractility in only 38 patients (66%), whereas biplane left ventricular ejection fraction and the isovolumic velocity indices were normal in 19 patients (33%) - 10 of whom had aortic insufficiency, 8 combined valve disease and only 1 aortic stenosis. It is therefore concluded that the ESP/ESVI ratio is of possible value for the diagnosis of depressed contractility only in patients with aortic stenosis. PMID- 7313643 TI - [Relationships between hemodynamic values with prognostic significance and morphology of the left ventricle in patients with aortic insufficiency]. AB - Hemodynamic parameters have recently been described which are of prognostic importance for the outcome of valve replacement in patients with aortic insufficiency. It was investigated whether pathological values for the left ventricular end-systolic volume index, the ejection fraction, the end-diastolic radius/wall thickness ratio, the end-systolic diameter (DS) and shortening of the diameter (Sh), and the end-diastolic volume index are accompanied by morphological alterations evaluated from left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies. Hypertrophy of the cardiac fibers was significantly increased in patients in whom preoperative Sh was less than 25% and DS greater than 55 mm. In contrast, left ventricular interstitial fibrosis did not differ between these patients and those with Sh greater than or equal to 25% and DS less than or equal to 55 mm. PMID- 7313644 TI - [Comparison of skin reactions (Mantoux) made with 2 common tuberculins in Switzerland: diagnostic and epidemiologic implications]. AB - Simultaneous tuberculin skin tests (Mantoux) with the two products used in Switzerland (both from RT 23) were compared in 36 individuals. The results show a wide range of scatter with a very poor correlation coefficient. Out of these 36 subjects - of whom 12 had tuberculosis-with positive skin test with one tuberculin, only 11 had a positive result with the other, the mean diameter of the latter being 50% lower. These findings make interpretation of the national tuberculin cadaster hazardous and also render proper diagnosis in individual cases very difficult if the two tuberculins are used. As in other countries, only one tuberculin should be used on the national scale, in order to provide comparable epidemiological data and guarantee better individual diagnosis. PMID- 7313645 TI - [Oxygen consumption of the respiratory muscles in increased respiratory resistance]. AB - The alveolar pressure was measured in 15 healthy men at different flow rates breathing without and with additional resistance from a stenosis (diameter 7 mm). Ventilation, breathing frequency, pulse rate, O2-uptake, and CO2-elimination were also measured during rest and during bicycle exercise. At rest, FRC and gas exchange were unaltered, while ventilation and breathing frequency little with the additional resistance. During work, however, the stenosis, caused increased O2-uptake and CO2-elimination and decreased ventilation and breathing frequency. The mean O2-consumption by the respiratory musculature necessary to overcome the airway resistance is 0.00042 ml/gcm. PMID- 7313646 TI - [Antibody response pattern (specific IgE and IgG) of insect sting allergic patients in immunotherapy with venom preparations]. AB - The concentrations of venom specific IgE (Phadebas-RAST) and IgG (Phadebas IgG RAST) were monitored in sera of 22 patients with histories of systemic anaphylactic reactions following insect stings who underwent immunotherapy with venom extracts (bee venom and/or yellow jacket venom). Analysis of the immunological parameters during immunotherapy revealed great individual variation in the degree of response concerning both specific IgE and IgG antibodies. Nevertheless, four typical patterns of immune response could be found. The majority of the patients were able to produce high titers of IgG "blocking" antibodies without an IgE increase. Another group of patients had a marked rise in both specific IgG and IgE following the initial phase of hyposensitization. In contrast, one patient received venom injections without a significant IgG or IgE response. Finally, a small group of patients has a marked increase in specific IgE while synthesis of IgG was not observed. This IgE rise was the cause of systemic reactions in this group after the venom injections. Regular monitoring of venom specific IgE and IgG is useful in evaluating the degree of protection for the patient. Since an increasing IgG/IgE ratio must be obtained during immunotherapy, a knowledge of this relationship serves to adapt the individual treatment schedule. PMID- 7313647 TI - [Nephrolithiasis after intestinal bypass: successful treatment with a low-fat diet]. AB - A 32-year-old women was treated for overweight by gastrointestinal bypass surgery. Following surgery, repeated calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis was observed and secondary hyperoxaluria was diagnosed. Treatment with low oxalate and fat diet resulted in normal urinary oxalic acid excretion; no further stone formation was observed. PMID- 7313648 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia in the male: clinical aspects and therapy]. AB - Fifty-seven male patients with hyperprolactinemia have been investigated. Macroadenomas were found in 49 patients of whom 24 had received pituitary surgery before elevated PRL levels were discovered. In 8 patients radiology of the pituitary fossa revealed either evidence of microadenoma or a completely normal sella turcica. Prolactin levels ranged from 582 to 498 000 microU/ml. All patients with macroprolactinomas, including those who had undergone previous surgery, had PRL levels above 5000 microU/ml. Disturbances of libido and sexual potency were prevalent in the majority of patients, less frequently accompanied by gynacecomastia and galactorrhea. However, visual disturbances were the reason for the first visit to the doctor in the majority of patients. Pituitary surgery led to improvement of visual field defects, though prolactin levels were never normalized. Postoperative radiotherapy had no significant influence on PRL levels. In contrast, bromocriptine therapy led, in the majority of patients, not only to improvement of hypogonadal symptoms but also to normalization of PRL levels. PMID- 7313649 TI - [Acute heart insufficiency of primarily non-cardiac origin after polytrauma]. AB - The following approach is proposed for treatment of the hemodynamics resulting from severe trauma. Blood pressure and pulse frequency are measured whilst volume is added until peripheral circulation returns to normal or until CVP attains 13 mm Hg (under CPPV, PEEP 10 cm H2O). When CVP attains 13 mm Hg a pulmonary arterial thermodilution catheter is introduced and transfusion continued, possibly up to a PCWP of 17 mm Hg. At this stage, 4 different haemodynamic groups may be distinguished and are described on the basis of the mean values recorded for 3 patients in each group: 1. SVRI increased, LVSWI and PVRI normal. THERAPY: continued slow addition of volume. 2. SVRI and PVRI slightly elevated. LVSWI diminished. CI and VO2 adequate. THERAPY: phentolamine. 3. PVRI slightly elevated, CI and VO2 too low, i.e. left cardiac insufficiency. THERAPY: isuprel. 4. PVRI markedly elevated, CI and VO2 clearly diminished, i.e. biventricular cardiac insufficiency with pulmonary-vascular hypertension. THERAPY: isuprel and phentolamine. Pharmacological therapy can be discontinued after a few days and hemodynamics remain normal. These observations show that "acute cardiac failure in fundamentally normal hearts" can occur after severe trauma and that treatment is possible. PMID- 7313650 TI - [Myocardial dysfunction in septic shock]. AB - Septic shock is known to induce progressive myocardial dysfunction characterized hemodynamically by a decrease in cardiac output and a rise in ventricular filling pressures. Both ventricles are affected. Benefit from inotropic agents is inconsistent. Identification of the factors responsible for the progressive cardiac deterioration is rendered difficult by the complexity of clinical situations. Experimental models demonstrate a progressive inhibition of contractility. Several arguments suggest the possible role of interstitial myocardial edema in altering the microcirculation, decreasing substrate delivery and diminishing ventricular compliance. The role of a myocardial depressant factor has still to be demonstrated. PMID- 7313651 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in acute respiratory insufficiency: the role of the right ventricle]. AB - Acute respiratory failure, particularly if associated with sepsis, results in diffuse changes in pulmonary vascular geometry and the afterload characteristics against which the right ventricle must perform. Therapy in these patients frequently requires replacement of intravascular volume which, if pulmonary vascular resistance is abnormally elevated, may cause a substantial enlargement in right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume. The low compliance characteristics of the RV invalidate the use of filling pressure (CVP) as a guide to RV size. We have examined RV volume in critically ill patients by means of the gated 99TAc scan and noted a substantial increase in RV volume despite filling pressure in the upper normal range. This enlargement appears to encroach upon LV function because the ejection fraction of the LV remained high despite elevation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Older patients with "silent" right coronary artery disease may become hemodynamically limited during therapy for acute respiratory failure and sepsis due to RV enlargement, increased wall tension and RV ischemia, a condition not readily diagnosed at the bedside with the usual monitoring techniques. PMID- 7313652 TI - Ventricular volumes in experimental acute lung disease. A preliminary report. AB - A study of ventricular volumes, ejection fractions and filling pressures was performed in dogs (Beagles) before and after the induction of a pulmonary insult (thrombin). The results indicate that during failure of the right ventricle the left ventricular filling pressures are increased without an increase in left ventricular enddiastolic volume and ejection fraction is unchanged. The clinical implications of this phenomenon (ventricular interference) are discussed. PMID- 7313653 TI - [The clinical significance of compliance]. AB - The authors deal with a particular type of working alliance, called "compliance", which may be defined as mutual agreement between patient and physician with respect to prevention and therapy. This type of compliance may be influenced by the kind of disease (e.g. low compliance in psychiatric illness), by the mode of referral (verbal or written), by the kind of hospital care (an individual appointment with one particular physician in an outpatient department makes for better compliance) and by medication (intravenous or oral administration and color and size of pills). The number of medicines prescribed is of particular importance for compliance, i.e. the greater the number of drugs prescribed per day, the more the patient tends to be unreliable in taking them. Furthermore, the time spent in the waiting room, the amount of information given to the patient and the clarity of the instructions given by the physician play an important role. Situational factors and interaction in the physician-patient relationship seem to be more relevant than specific personality traits. PMID- 7313654 TI - [Surgical treatment of staghorn calculi of the kidneys]. AB - Between 1971 and 1981, 120 patients or 127 kidneys underwent surgery for staghorn calculi in the Department of Urology at the University of Berne. The following surgical procedures were performed: 7 primary nephrectomies, 29 intrasinusal pyelotomies by the method of Gil-Vernet, 69 nephrotomies, 17 partial resections and 5 nephrotomies combined with partial resection of the kidney. All the surgical procedure in the parenchyma were done in cold ischemia produced by regional cooling of the surface with ice. In our retrospective study special emphasis is placed on important functional aspects of the surgical technique and possible intraoperative and early postoperative complications. Secondary nephrectomy was necessary in only one case. In 102 patients it was possible to record the late results after an average observation time of 4.8 years. 75% of the patients showed good results i.e. they were free of infections and stones and the intravenous urogram was functionally satisfactory. 15.6% had residual stones or recurrent stone formation whereas only 4.9% presented with chronic urinary infections resistant to therapy despite the absence of detectable stones. In 25 patients who underwent differential 131I-hippuran clearance studies the average loss of function was 8.6% for the kidney operated on in hypothermia. In the same 10-year period there were only 7 cases with staghorn calculi (all over 55 years of age) in which primary nephrectomy was necessary because of silent hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis. Our results are compared with a series published by Blandy and Singh who followed 60 patients in whom staghorn calculi were treated exclusively by conservative means. Today new surgical techniques make it possible to free the kidney of staghorn calculi without major loss of renal function, and they remain free of calculi and infection if the metaphylaxis is carefully followed. PMID- 7313655 TI - [Fulminant pneumococcal septicemia in splenectomized patients]. AB - Four cases of fulminant pneumococcal septicemia in splenectomized patients are reported. Three had undergone splenectomy for trauma 42, 28 and 14 years prior to the septicemia. The fourth had been splenectomized for suspected lymphoma 3 years earlier. In 3 out of 4 patients the symptomatology was so rapidly progressive that a physician was consulted within 12 hours. Two patients hospitalized after a second consultation and 20 hours after the first symptoms had evidence of septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation and hypoglycemia, and died within a few hours despite early antibiotherapy. Diplococci were seen in peripheral smears of these 2 patients and in the buffy coat of the 3 cases in which this was carried out. These four cases reemphasize the fact that during their entire life splenectomized patients are at risk for development of overwhelming septicemia even when the splenectomy was performed because of trauma. Therefore, such patients should be aware of this risk, should be treated promptly with antibiotics in the event of a febrile episode, and should be vaccinated against pneumococci and possibly other encapsulated bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis. PMID- 7313656 TI - [Hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients. Diagnostic and prognostic aspects]. AB - Over a period of 6 1/2 years hypercalcemia has been diagnosed in 86 patients. In 55.8% of cases a malignant tumor was the cause of the elevated calcium levels, and in 22.1% of cases primary hyperparathyroidism (p.Hp.) was diagnosed. In the remaining 19 patients hypercalcemia was related to renal insufficiency (5 patients), vitamin-D intoxication (4) and thiazide therapy (3), while other, rarer causes were identified in 7 cases. As expected, bronchial and breast carcinomas were most frequent (52%) in the malignancy group. In patients below age 40 malignancy was never responsible for the hypercalcemia, but in patients over 50 malignancy was present in 65%. Of the patients with solid tumors 54.8% had skeletal metastases, while other organ metastases were found in 33.3% of these. The occurrence of a hypercalcemia in patients with malignancy is associated with a poor prognosis since over 60% of the patients died within as little as one month and over 90% within a year after the occurrence of hypercalcemia. Renal function impairment in hypercalcemia was significantly more marked in the patients with malignancy than in patients with p.Hp. and was closely related to the calcium levels. Pharmacological reduction of the blood calcium level produced a distinct improvement in renal function in 70% of the patients treated. The current hypothesis on the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia among carcinoma patients is briefly discussed. PMID- 7313658 TI - [Microbiology as basis of communicable disease control and food hygiene]. PMID- 7313657 TI - [The natural course of Raynaud's phenomenon]. AB - 136 patients suffering from Raynaud's phenomenon have been observed for 3.9 years and information has been collected by a questionnaire sent to 142 patients (136 answers: 96%). An improvement was noticed by 36% of these patients, steady state by 48%, and worsening in 16%. Among 25 patients suffering from idiopathic Raynaud's disease, 25% improved and 12% worsened. Among 12 patients suffering from scleroderma, 7 worsened (4 deaths) and there was no improvement in the others. In patients suffering from secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, no systemic disease appeared during the follow-up period. The profile of Raynaud's phenomenon which is going to worsen is characterized by an abnormal Allen test, digital necrosis, age over 60 years and Raynaud's disease of more than 1 year's standing. PMID- 7313660 TI - [Thawing time of bovine semen in French mini-straws and nonreturn rate]. PMID- 7313659 TI - [Tissue distribution of penicillin, oxytetracycline and spiramycin in calves during routine antibiotic treatment]. PMID- 7313661 TI - [Cerebral infarction in swine]. PMID- 7313663 TI - [Physiological and pharmacological actions of ascorbic acid sulfate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313662 TI - [Implantation of an intravenous pacemaker system in a dachshund with a 3d grade AV-block and Margagni-Adams-Stokes crises]. PMID- 7313664 TI - [The role of physical exercise in prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313665 TI - [The working principle of dynamic spatial reconstructor system and its application in biomedicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313666 TI - [The role of platelets in thrombosis and coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313667 TI - [Vasopressin in learning and memory (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313668 TI - [Parabiosis and parabiotic intoxication (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313669 TI - [Advances in bone formation research (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313670 TI - [Thymine and cell mediated immunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313671 TI - [The causes and mechanism of aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313672 TI - [The effects of magnesium on cardiac activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313673 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of propranolol, the beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313674 TI - [The distribution, release and function of CCK in nervous system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313675 TI - A biochemical study on bronchopulmonary lavage fluid from a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. AB - A 44-year-old male was hospitalized, because of the presence of abnormal shadows on chest x-ray film. Diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis was established by examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial biopsy. Therapeutic bronchopulmonary lavage was performed twice. As a result, there was an improvement of radiological findings on chest x-ray film. Then a biochemical study was carried out with pooled lavage fluids. Cellular debris were removed by centrifugation. Lipids were extracted with a 2:1 mixture of chloroform and methanol. Individual phospholipids were identified by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Fatty acids were identified by gas chromatography. It was found that phosphatidyl choline (lecithine) was the major component of phospholipids. On the other hand, myristic acid of the molecule of phosphatidyl choline was found to constitute 19.6% of the total fatty acids. This patient lives a normal life as of Dec. 1980. PMID- 7313676 TI - Biological effect of lung proteoglycans on functions of pulmonary alveolar macrophages. AB - Biological effects of animal lung proteoglycans on functions of pulmonary alveolar macrophages from the same animal species were evaluated by quantitative and qualitative NBT tests. It was found that fractions of lung proteoglycans modulated the rate of NBT reduction in pulmonary macrophages under selected conditions. PMID- 7313677 TI - Effects of cytochalasin B and colchicine on the motility and growth of Yoshida sarcoma cells in vitro. AB - The effects of cytochalasin B (CB) and colchicine on the motility and growth of cultured Yoshida sarcoma cells are studied by cinematographic methods. CB was found to reduce the average locomotory rate of motile Yoshida sarcoma cells and to enhance the frequency of non-motile cells. On the other hand, colchicine enhanced only the frequency of non-motile cells and did not affect the locomotory rate of motile cells. CB inhibited the growth of Yoshida sarcoma cells at the concentration range of 0.6 to 5 microgram/ml. PMID- 7313678 TI - Chronobiology and medicine. PMID- 7313679 TI - Peptic ulcer: the changing scene. PMID- 7313680 TI - Shrinkage of the gastric antrum following gastroenterostomy. AB - Radiological and endoscopic shrinkage of the antrum of the stomach may occur in the elderly and following gastroenterostomy. We describe this in 18 subjects, of whom 17 had a gastroenterostomy with or without vagotomy. Shrinkage can appear within two years of operation and is usually associated with a well-functioning stoma. Reflux biliary gastritis occurred in almost all and in nine out of ten tested the acid secretion in response to pentagastrin was virtually nil. Dyspepsia and bile vomiting were frequent indications for endoscopy. No patient had jejunal ulceration. In the majority radiological interpretation was correct. PMID- 7313681 TI - Circadian rhythms in hypertension. AB - Continuous intra-arterial blood pressure recordings have been performed in 37 untreated ambulatory hypertensive subjects, who were investigated on an outpatient basis. Hourly data analysis demonstrated a circadian variation of both blood pressure and heart rate which were highest during the morning and fell during the late afternoon to reach a nadir during sleep. Prior to waking there was an increase in blood pressure, but not heart rate; however both blood pressure and heart rate increased briskly shortly after waking. Chronic therapy with oxprenolol (in 10 patients) reduced daytime blood pressure, but had little effect during the night-time or early morning. PMID- 7313682 TI - Superficial mycoses in the west of Scotland. AB - Ringworm formed almost 70 per cent of all superficial mycoses diagnosed. The feet and nails were most frequently affected and a single species, Trichophyton rubrum was responsible for the majority of infections that required specialist attention. Scalp ringworm which, until the middle of this century, was the most common form of the disease now constitutes only 5 per cent of infections and the majority of these are caused by the zoophilic fungus Microsporum canis. The anthropophilic dermatophytes which were once so prevalent as the cause of scalp infections are now rarely encountered. Yeasts, especially Candida albicans were most frequently encountered as a cause of mucosal infections but were not unimportant as a cause of disease of skin and nail. PMID- 7313683 TI - The prognosis for very low birth weight babies in the Highlands of Scotland. AB - One hundred and two admissions of VLBW babies to the Baby Unit at Raigmore Hospital were studied over a six-year period. The neonatal death rate was 53 per cent. Twenty three survivors weighing 1.36 kg. or less were examined at an average age of 3 years 11 months and 22 of these underwent cognitive assessment. All but one had normal or superior I.Q. assessments. Two were regarded as having significant or profound handicap. Possible reasons for the relatively low survival rate, but acceptable handicap rate are discussed. PMID- 7313684 TI - Growth of immigrant children in the centre of Glasgow. AB - One hundred and ninety six Asian, 89 African, 96 Chinese and 98 Scottish children from 173 families were studied to assess growth in relation to country of birth, time of parental residence in Scotland, child order in family, social class, living conditions and dietary factors. The growth measurements (standardised height, weight and bone age) differed between ethnic groups. The Africans were the tallest and Scottish the shortest. In all immigrant groups, children born in Scotland were on average, taller and more advanced in bone age than those born in their country of origin. In this study, there was no demonstrable effect on growth of social class or of living conditions. Dietary variable showed a lack of coherent effects on growth. PMID- 7313685 TI - Teratoma of testis and hyperthyroidism. PMID- 7313686 TI - Acute spinal epidural abscess--a cause of meningism. PMID- 7313687 TI - DNA sequencing and gene structure. PMID- 7313688 TI - Women scientists and engineers: trends in participation. AB - Women have made tremendous strides in educational attainment in science and engineering over the past decade, increasing their proportion of doctorate awards in these fields from 7 percent in 1965 to 23 percent in 1980. But they still have higher unemployment rates and lower salaries than men in all fields of science and engineering, at all degree levels, and at all levels of experience; and the disparities between men and women widen with higher degree levels and with years of experience. Graduate enrollments indicate continuing increases over at least the next several years in degree awards to women, but their access to equal employment and advancement opportunities is not assured. PMID- 7313689 TI - A million dollars for the magic bullet. PMID- 7313690 TI - Consensus on CT scans. PMID- 7313692 TI - Do chromosomes cross talk? PMID- 7313691 TI - Is there a gene for depression? PMID- 7313693 TI - Phase locking, period-doubling bifurcations, and irregular dynamics in periodically stimulated cardiac cells. AB - The spontaneous rhythmic activity of aggregates of embryonic chick heart cells was perturbed by the injection of single current pulses and periodic trains of current pulses. The regular and irregular dynamics produced by periodic stimulation were predicted theoretically from a mathematical analysis of the response to single pulses. Period-doubling bifurcations, in which the period of a regular oscillation doubles, were predicted theoretically and observed experimentally. PMID- 7313694 TI - Computer averaging of electron micrographs of 40S ribosomal subunits. AB - An enhanced lateral view of the 40S ribosomal subunit of HeLa cells has been obtained by computer averaging of single particles visualized in the electron microscope. Application of crystallographic criteria to independent averages shows that the reproducibility of the result is comparable to that obtained for thin, stained protein crystals by conventional Fourier filtration methods. PMID- 7313695 TI - Epithelial cell volume regulation: bicarbonate dependence. AB - When Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells are osmotically shrunken, they rapidly return to their original volume despite the continued presence of a hypertonic bathing solution. This volume-regulatory process requires bicarbonate ions in the bathing solutions and is associated with the uptake of chloride ions. Volume regulatory increase by epithelial cells in probable due to the parallel operation of sodium-hydrogen and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers in the apical cell membrane. PMID- 7313696 TI - Side-effect reduction by use of drugs that bind to separate but equivalent binding sites. PMID- 7313697 TI - A brain for all seasons: cyclical anatomical changes in song control nuclei of the canary brain. AB - Male canaries that have reached sexual maturity can, in subsequent years, learn new song repertoires. Two telencephalic song control nuclei, the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudale, and nucleus robustus archistriatalis are, respectively, 99 and 76 percent larger in the spring, when male canaries are producing stable adult song, than in the fall, at the end of the molt and after several months of not singing. It is hypothesized that such fluctuations reflect an increase and then reduction in numbers of synapses and are related to the yearly ability to acquire new motor coordinations. PMID- 7313698 TI - Site-specific, sustained release of drugs to the brain. AB - A dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type of redox system is used in a general and flexible method for the site-specific or sustained delivery (or both) of drugs to the brain. A biologically active compound linked to a lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the carrier part. PMID- 7313699 TI - Taurine: possible role in osmotic regulation of mammalian heart. AB - It is well established that taurine plays an important role in the maintenance of intracellular osmolal concentration in marine invertebrates, teleosts, and amphibians. In fresh water, concentrations of taurine in body tissues decrease; in salt water, they increase. In this study with mice we found that during adaptation of these mammals to chronic hypernatremia, the taurine content of the heart increased; concentrations of other amino acids were unchanged or were decreased. Welty and his associated have shown that acute hyponatremia lowered the taurine concentration of rat heart. In concert, these data suggest that taurine also may serve as an osmotic agent in mammalian heart. PMID- 7313700 TI - Hydrogen isotope ratios of mouse tissues are influenced by a variety of factors other than diet. PMID- 7313701 TI - China revisited. PMID- 7313702 TI - Lesions involving the perirenal space. PMID- 7313703 TI - Case of the fall season. PMID- 7313704 TI - cT of the psoas compartment of the retroperitoneum. PMID- 7313705 TI - Computed tomography of retroperitoneal fluid collections. PMID- 7313706 TI - CT of the kidney and perinephric space. PMID- 7313707 TI - Computed tomography of the adrenal gland. PMID- 7313708 TI - Paternalism: medical or otherwise. PMID- 7313709 TI - Evaluating the impact of medical care and technologies on the quality of life: a review and critique. PMID- 7313710 TI - Extraordinary means and the intentional termination of life. PMID- 7313711 TI - Professional ethics. PMID- 7313712 TI - Causality and classification in African medicine and health. PMID- 7313713 TI - Causality and classification in African medicine and health. I. Introduction. PMID- 7313714 TI - The need for a taxonomy of health in the study of African therapeutics. PMID- 7313715 TI - [Therapeutic signs and prose of life in black Africa]. PMID- 7313716 TI - Knowledge of illness and medicine among Cokwe of Zaire. PMID- 7313717 TI - Unity in diversity in a polyethnic society: the maintenance of medical pluralism on Mauritius. PMID- 7313718 TI - Kutambuwa ugonjuwa: concepts of illness and transformation among the Tabwa of Zaire. PMID- 7313720 TI - [Multidimensional structure of healing in Kinshasa, capital of Zaire]. PMID- 7313719 TI - The unsystematic alternative: towards plural health care among the Kikuyu of central Kenya. PMID- 7313721 TI - Therapy as a system-in-action in northeastern Tanzania. PMID- 7313722 TI - Aspects of clinical practice and traditional organization of indigenous healers in South Africa. PMID- 7313723 TI - The creation of medical knowledge: some problems in interpretation. PMID- 7313724 TI - The importance of knowing about not knowing. PMID- 7313725 TI - Objective indicators of health in western Zambia. PMID- 7313727 TI - Causality and classification in African medicine and health. Observations from general practice. PMID- 7313726 TI - Alternative medical services in rural Tanzania: a physician's view. PMID- 7313728 TI - Attempts to coordinate the work of traditional and modern doctors in Nairobi in 1980. PMID- 7313729 TI - Health care and the concept of legitimacy. PMID- 7313730 TI - Carcinoma of the right colon: a change in characteristic configuration? AB - Carcinoma of the colon occurring to the right of the middle colic vessels is usually described as morphologically and clinically distinctive from cancers occurring in the left colon. Cancers of the right colon are characterized as polypoid tumors that are discovered in the search for occult blood loss, whereas carcinomas of the left and sigmoid colon are described as scirrhous and often annular in configuration, giving rise to obstruction as the characteristic clinical presentation. A personal experience with constricting annular lesions of the right colon that were considered atypical has led to a review of the total experience in colonic resections for cancer (excluding abdominoperineal resections for carcinoma of the rectum) at one metropolitan university medical center. Of 152 colonic resections for cancer within 39-month interval, 57 resections were for cancer of the right colon and 95 for cancer of the left colon. One half of the cancers of the right colon were annular, whereas only one third of those of the left colon were so described by operative, pathologic, and radiologic criteria. Differences in clinical presentation of cancers of the right and left colon are probably attributable more to the form and function of the colon in each anatomic region than to any characteristic configuration of the tumor itself. PMID- 7313731 TI - Pharmacokinetic principles in relation to serum drug sample collections. AB - Pharmacokinetics is a relatively new field in the health sciences. It is receiving more interest and utilization as patients' serum drug levels are being correlated with clinical response and drug side effects and toxicities. Many variable factors influence serum drug levels, consequently affecting the interpretation of these levels and possibly altering therapy. We discuss some of these variables in relation to proper timing for serum sampling, and suggest times for peak level serum sampling of some commonly monitored drugs. PMID- 7313732 TI - Clinical assessment of three hemoglobin screening programs on a selected population. AB - Through three related programs, 9,675 individuals were screened for hemoglobinopathy. The studied population was predominantly black (58%) and male (91%). Identified were 333 variants (3.4%), 90.7% of them in blacks. Two hundred occurred in hospitalized patients. Laboratory results were entered in medical charts in all but three instances. Annotation of the abnormality by a physician in the progress notes, discharge summary, or final coded diagnosis was made in 14.4% of the reviewed records. This included 46.7% of 15 patients with clinically manifested disease related to the hemoglobinopathy. PMID- 7313733 TI - Histologic examination of the bone marrow: aspiration or trephine? AB - We undertook this study to evaluate the efficacy of bone marrow aspiration as compared with trephine needle biopsy. In the 50 consecutive cases reviewed, simultaneous aspiration and biopsy yielded significant morphologic findings in either or both. A comparison was made between the morphologic findings in the aspirate and the corresponding biopsy, with quantification of these findings when feasible. The aspiration technic and method for processing used differ significantly from the so-called clot preparation currently in widespread use. For coring the marrow, a regular (adult) 11 gauge Jamshidi needle was used. More lymphoid nodules, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, and lipid granulomas were found in the aspirate. PMID- 7313734 TI - Risk factor and sex differences in single versus multiple vessel coronary artery disease. AB - We analyzed 305 patients with either single or multiple vessel disease, as demonstrated by coronary arteriography, to determine risk factor and sex differences. Women accounted for more than one fourth of the patients with single vessel disease (group A), but for only one seventh of the individuals with multiple vessel disease (group B). Group A patients were younger and had fewer risk factors, and fewer abnormalities on chest roentgenogram, ECG, and stress test than those in group B. The better reported prognosis for patients with single (versus multiple) vessel coronary artery disease may be due to (1) slightly younger age, (2) greater representation by women, (3) fewer functional abnormalities as assessed by noninvasive tests, and (4) a lower incidence of cardiac risk factors. The presence of hypertension and diabetes seemed most likely to defeat the biologic advantage enjoyed by women over men in resistance to the development of atherosclerotic heart disease. PMID- 7313735 TI - TIAs, completed strokes, and mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 7313736 TI - Renal function abnormalities induced by marathon running. AB - To assess renal function changes induced by marathon racing in asymptomatic runners, we studied them before, six hours after, and one week after warm and cold weather marathons (26.2 miles [42 km]). Standard serum electrolytes, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), urinalysis, urinary myoglobin, and renal function tests (para-aminohippurate [PAH], inulin, and true creatinine clearances) were performed. After rehydration to their prerace weight, the subjects showed no postrace change in serum electrolytes. The CPK rose postrace and was two to three times higher in the warm weather runners than in the cold weather runners. All postrace urinalyses were grossly abnormal. Urinary myoglobins were positive postrace in warm weather runners and negative in cold weather runners. Warm weather runners showed a 50% decline in inulin clearance postrace but maintained PAH clearance. At one week, inulin clearance returned to baseline but fractional excretion of creatinine was below unity. In contrast, cold weather runners showed no change in inulin and PAH clearances postrace or at one week, but fractional excretion or creatinine postrace was less than unity returning to baseline at one week. We conclude that renal function abnormalities occur in marathon runners and that the severity of the abnormality is temperature-dependent. PMID- 7313737 TI - Humeral shaft fractures in adults. AB - After evaluating the results of treatment of 100 humeral shaft fractures in adults, we found the simplest, most comfortable, and most satisfactory treatment to be that of a sling and coaptive splinting. In all of the 15 patients who had radial nerve injury, the fracture occurred in the distal half of the humerus. Every patient recovered full radial nerve function. At follow-up, almost all patients who were treated nonoperatively were found to have between 3 degrees and 12 degrees of increased internal rotation of the arm, with a corresponding decrease in external rotation. None of the patients had recognized this change before being informed of it. Less than 25 degrees of angulation caused no functional impairment. The fractures were usually clinically united before eight weeks. All of the seven fractures that took longer than six months to heal occurred in the proximal half of the humerus. Three patients accepted nonunion rather than have surgical treatment. All three had oblique fractures in the proximal third of the humerus; two were helped by a brace. The preferred surgical treatment of delayed union or nonunion is secure internal fixation supplemented with autogenous bone grafting. PMID- 7313738 TI - Acute grief. PMID- 7313739 TI - Hemifacial spasm: treatment by microvascular decompression of the facial nerve at the pons. AB - Hemifacial spasm is a syndrome of intermittent and tonic unilateral facial muscular contraction; mild facial weakness on the same side is also frequently present. Hemifacial spasm can be differentiated clinically from habit spasms, blepharospasm, facial synkinesis following Bell's palsy, facial myokymia, and masticatory spasm. The syndrome of hemifacial spasm is caused by a variety of lesions; the common feature appears to be compression of the facial nerve at the pons. Diagnostic studies do not usually add significant information to that gained from the history and physical examination. The best current treatment (aside from removing an etiologic lesion such as a posterior fossa tumor in the small percentage of cases with such lesions) is microvascular decompression of the facial nerve at the pons through a retromastoid craniectomy. Of 30 patients treated in this manner, 28 have been satisfied with the results. On the most recent follow-up examination, 16 had no hemifacial spasm, nine had only slight periodic twitching about the eye, and three had occasional mild episodes of hemifacial spasm. PMID- 7313741 TI - Psychologic responses of incestuous daughters: emerging patterns. AB - Our review of the literature on the impact of paternal incest with the daughter showed several patterns of results. Past studies of girls soon after the termination of or exposure to incest suggest guilt, depression, behavior disorders, and occasionally hysterical "seizures" as possible reactions. Those exploring the long-term consequences point toward deficits in sexual functioning and sexual identity. A third group of studies, however, indicates that some victims of father-daughter incest exhibit no apparent psychopathology. The contribution of prevailing knowledge to current therapeutic practice is discussed. PMID- 7313740 TI - Lithium therapy for cocaine-induced psychosis: a clinical perspective. AB - The incidence of cocaine-induced psychosis has increased with the rise in popularity of cocaine as the recreational drug of choice. Neuroleptic agents have been used to control the hallucinations, paranoia, and hyperactivity of the acute psychotic episodes. Lithium has been suggested as an alternative therapeutic agent for cocaine abusers. This study reports the results of successful lithium therapy for three cases of cocaine-induced psychosis. Future directions for clinical use and research are recommended. PMID- 7313742 TI - Intravenous reserpine for treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. AB - The efficacy of reserpine in relieving the pain of reflex sympathetic dystrophy was tested in 25 patients--21 with upper extremity and four with lower extremity involvement. Injection of the drug relieved the acute signs and symptoms in the upper extremity in 12 of 17 patients. Four patients with quiescent reflex sympathetic dystrophy of upper extremities had prophylactic injection at the time of reconstructive surgery; they had no flare of symptoms. Relief was obtained in the four cases of lower extremity dystrophy. Our patients had no significant side effects. The drug is confined to the extremity by a pneumatic tourniquet as used for intravenous regional anesthesia. After the extremity is exsanguinated and the cuff is inflated, 1 mg of reserpine diluted to 50 ml with normal saline is injected intravenously into the upper extremity. In the lower extremity, 2 mg of reserpine diluted to 100 ml is injected. The tourniquet is removed after 15 minutes. The procedure is safe and can be done in an office setting. PMID- 7313743 TI - Posttherapeutic cerebral radionecrosis: a complication of head and neck tumor therapy. AB - Patients with treated head and neck cancer may have focal neurologic symptoms and personality changes due to delayed cerebral radionecrosis. A history of past treatment should direct the physician to consider these lesions in the differential diagnosis. Craniotomy is the management recommended. Histopathologic changes include fibrotic response of the meninges with pleomorphic and vacuolated fibroblasts, capillary hyperplasia, reactive astrocytes, and fibrosis of the blood vessels. Amyloid is deposited in the arteriolar walls and extracellular space. Ischemic, autoimmune, or vascular mechanisms, and glial alterations have all been considered in the pathogensis of delayed cerebral radionecrosis. Some researchers have concluded that chemotherapeutic agents, such as methotrexate, may contribute to its production. PMID- 7313744 TI - Management of hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 7313745 TI - Hypothermia, neurologic dysfunction, and sudden death in a man with carcinoma. PMID- 7313746 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging: the potentials and the technic. PMID- 7313747 TI - Carotid artery aneurysms: another approach to therapy. AB - A patient had a large internal carotid artery aneurysm with extension to the base of the skull. Resection and reconstitution of flow was thought to be hazardous because of the difficulty in obtaining distal control. After assessment of collateral flow to the brain, placement of a Selverstone clamp resulted in gradual occlusion of the aneurysm. The aneurysm was subsequently resected. PMID- 7313748 TI - Paradoxic embolism. PMID- 7313749 TI - Initial care of esophageal atresia to facilitate potential primary anastomosis. PMID- 7313750 TI - Purpura fulminans in an adult. PMID- 7313751 TI - Reversible acute renal failure after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. PMID- 7313752 TI - Mesenteric revascularization: an operative decision. PMID- 7313753 TI - Gastric necrosis and perforation after fundoplication. PMID- 7313754 TI - Emergency room recognition and management of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 7313755 TI - Acute renal failure due to phenylpropanolamine. PMID- 7313756 TI - Rupture of a renal artery aneurysm during pregnancy. PMID- 7313757 TI - Severe muscle spasms: an unusual manifestation of hypothyroidism. PMID- 7313758 TI - Hemolytic anemia associated with a radiopaque contrast agent in a patient with hemoglobin SC disease. PMID- 7313759 TI - Acute intestinal obstruction caused by a peanut bezoar in a child. PMID- 7313760 TI - Simple anonychia. PMID- 7313761 TI - [Early diagnosis of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7313762 TI - [Chemotherapy of generalized skin melanoma]. PMID- 7313763 TI - [Treatment of closed fractures of the tibia]. PMID- 7313764 TI - [Long-term conduction anesthesia of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7313765 TI - [Clinical manifestations of drug disease]. PMID- 7313766 TI - [Diagnostic errors and difficulties in thyroid cancer]. PMID- 7313767 TI - [Dynamics of the gastric mucosal changes in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 7313768 TI - [Changes in the energy enzymes in the lymphocytes in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7313769 TI - [Antihypoxic protective action of hypothermia]. PMID- 7313770 TI - [Acute viral-bacterial pneumonia in children (its diagnosis and treatment)]. PMID- 7313771 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c) content in latent diabetes patients]. PMID- 7313772 TI - [Cellular immunity indices in lung cancer patients after surgical and combined treatment]. PMID- 7313773 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the immediate and late results of gastrectomy in stomach cancer]. PMID- 7313774 TI - [Therapeutic procedure in segmental nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7313777 TI - [Independent student work in a clinical department]. PMID- 7313775 TI - [Status and prospects of research development in the USSR into the problem of medical first aid]. PMID- 7313776 TI - [Organization and management of the teaching process in a department of advanced surgery]. PMID- 7313778 TI - [Unity of professional and ideological physician training in the internship]. PMID- 7313779 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of a rupture of middle cerebral artery aneurysms]. PMID- 7313780 TI - [Diagnosis of extradural arachnoidal cysts]. PMID- 7313781 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of metastatic involvement of large intestine]. PMID- 7313782 TI - [Exercise therapy in patients with trauma of cervical vertebrae and spinal cord]. PMID- 7313783 TI - [Treatment of extension contracture of the knee joint by Volkov-Oganesian apparatus]. PMID- 7313784 TI - [Current clinical course of meningeal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7313785 TI - [Congenital mitral valve prolapse complicated by bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 7313786 TI - [A case of acanthosis nigricans]. PMID- 7313787 TI - [Survey of public opinion on the quality of health care]. PMID- 7313788 TI - [Enzymatic activity of leukocytes and blast-transformation of blood lymphocytes during treatment of chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 7313790 TI - [Combination of rare idiopathic paroxysmal paralytic myoglobinuria and diffuse alveolar pulmonary fibrosis]. PMID- 7313789 TI - [Benign tumors and cysts of the diaphragm]. PMID- 7313791 TI - [Prognosis of the outcomes of conservative treatment of closed noncomplicated injuries of cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 7313792 TI - [Nephrectomy in complex treatment of renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7313793 TI - [Immunoglobulins in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7313795 TI - [Nonspecific brain systems in neurogenic syncopes]. PMID- 7313794 TI - [Unsuitability of children revaccination against measles]. PMID- 7313797 TI - [Unithiol in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathies]. PMID- 7313796 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning in kidney polycystosis]. PMID- 7313798 TI - [Photochemotherapy of primary skin reticulosis]. PMID- 7313799 TI - [Establishment of cardiological ambulatory care facilities in Novosibirsk]. PMID- 7313800 TI - [Approaches to the solution of the ambulatory care of the population using the automatic control system "Public Health"]. PMID- 7313801 TI - [Pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7313802 TI - [Immune reactivity of patients with different variants of lung tuberculoma]. PMID- 7313803 TI - [Method of intrapulmonary biopsy in diagnosis of sarcoidosis of respiratory organs]. PMID- 7313804 TI - Vocational course of Stoneycroft. PMID- 7313805 TI - Social integration of school age ESN(S) children in a regular school. PMID- 7313806 TI - Environment and communication: a review. PMID- 7313807 TI - The Paget-Gorman Sign System. PMID- 7313808 TI - Starting a special school in Indonesia. PMID- 7313810 TI - Providing for slow learners. PMID- 7313809 TI - A tactile approach to reading. PMID- 7313811 TI - [Panorama of mycosis in Mexico]. PMID- 7313812 TI - [Mortality from traffic accidents among motorcyclists or caused by them. Federal District Mexico]. PMID- 7313813 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of suicide in Guadalajara]. PMID- 7313814 TI - [Treatment of symptoms caused by cognitive disorders in old age]. PMID- 7313816 TI - [Certification of the quality of water for human consumption]. PMID- 7313815 TI - [Isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus from oysters in Mexico Federal District]. PMID- 7313817 TI - [Regulation for the control of inhaled psychoactive substances]. PMID- 7313818 TI - [Combined Consultant Committee for Publicity on foods, Beverages and Drugs]. PMID- 7313819 TI - [Delegation of the powers of the incumbent to the Undersecretary of Health in matters relating to the disposition of human organs, tissues and cadavers]. PMID- 7313820 TI - [Internal regulation of the Secretariat of Health and Welfare]. PMID- 7313821 TI - [National Contingency Plan]. PMID- 7313822 TI - [National Anti-alcoholism Council]. PMID- 7313823 TI - [Cytological examination of herpetic stomatitis in children]. PMID- 7313824 TI - [The sub-arachnoid part of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 7313825 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy and humoral immunity in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7313826 TI - [Morbidity and mortality of splenic injuries]. PMID- 7313827 TI - [Treatment of chronic typhoid carriers]. PMID- 7313828 TI - [Thromboembolism in non-specific chronic ulcerohemorrhagic colitis (case report)]. PMID- 7313829 TI - [Severe multiple injuries due to a traffic accident treated according to the principle of staged intervention]. PMID- 7313830 TI - [Echocardiogram in infundibular pulmonary artery stenosis]. PMID- 7313831 TI - [Problems with international medical terminology (II)]. PMID- 7313832 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 7313833 TI - [Porphyrin metabolism in primary and secondary porphyria]. PMID- 7313834 TI - [Insulo-opercular arteries]. PMID- 7313835 TI - [Fractionation and characterization of nucleohistones in the active and involuting thymus]. PMID- 7313837 TI - [Biokinetics of a closed rupture of the diaphragm]. PMID- 7313838 TI - [Radionuclide picture of adrenal glands]. PMID- 7313836 TI - [Clindamycin in the treatment of otorhinolaryngologic diseases]. PMID- 7313839 TI - [Treatment of respiratory viral infections in infants and small children]. PMID- 7313840 TI - [Diagnostic problems in rectal carcinoma for the general physician in our region]. PMID- 7313841 TI - [Myocardial infarct after treatment of Hodgkin's disease with vincristine]. PMID- 7313842 TI - [Granulomatous syndromes of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 7313843 TI - [My 9 years of work in Libya]. PMID- 7313844 TI - [Problems with international medical terminology (III)]. PMID- 7313845 TI - [Endocrinologic changes after surgical intervention in the pituitary area (I)]. PMID- 7313846 TI - [Perianal manifestations of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 7313847 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome (pulmonary hemosiderosis with nephritis)]. PMID- 7313848 TI - [Clinical and histological evaluation of primary care of perforating eye injuries]. PMID- 7313849 TI - [The usefulness of bronchoscopy and bronchography in the detection of congenital anomalies of the tracheobronchial tract in infants]. PMID- 7313850 TI - [Diagnosis of irritable colon in ambulatory care]. PMID- 7313851 TI - [A rare localization of neuroblastoma in 2 children]. PMID- 7313852 TI - [Rupture of a dissecting aortic aneurysm as the cause of death in pregnancy. 2 case reports]. PMID- 7313853 TI - [Thoracic diagnosis, possibilities for interpretation and indications for informative examination procedures]. PMID- 7313854 TI - [Minimal requirements in the ultrasonic diagnosis of the abdomen]. PMID- 7313855 TI - [Clinical trial of mammography with film-screen-combinations. Part 1: Selection of a suitable film-screen system]. PMID- 7313856 TI - [Results of a prospective study of the economic importance of nosocomial infections in the surgical department in a type I polyclinic hospital]. PMID- 7313858 TI - [The value of early surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7313857 TI - [Gastroplegia and complications after gastric surgery]. PMID- 7313859 TI - [Acute cholecystitis associated with satellite pancreatitis and intercurrent diabetes]. PMID- 7313860 TI - [5-year experience with transduodenal papillosphincterotomy]. PMID- 7313862 TI - [Lymphangioma of the pancreas with symptoms of "acute abdomen"]. PMID- 7313861 TI - [The effect of lymphovenous anastomosis in the ascitic type of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7313863 TI - [Bilateral nephrectomy in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7313864 TI - [Microsurgery in peripheral nerve injuries]. PMID- 7313865 TI - [Gerontological problems in traumatology]. PMID- 7313866 TI - [Classification and treatment of open fractures of the long bones of extremities]. PMID- 7313867 TI - [The crush syndrome]. PMID- 7313868 TI - [Results and sequelae in surgically treated diaphyseal fractures of the lower leg]. PMID- 7313869 TI - [Pelvic fractures]. PMID- 7313870 TI - [Multiple injuries treated at hospital with a type I clinic]. PMID- 7313871 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries of the "soft" wrist]. PMID- 7313872 TI - [The most common errors in rehabilitation after leg injuries or leg surgery]. PMID- 7313873 TI - [Penetrating injuries of the heart]. PMID- 7313874 TI - [Rare penetrating injuries of the thorax]. PMID- 7313875 TI - [Indications for surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 7313876 TI - [Implantation of electrodes and permanent cardiac stimulators by the axillary route]. PMID- 7313877 TI - [Long-term function of arteriovenous fistulae in hemodialyzed patients]. PMID- 7313878 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 7313879 TI - [Vagotomy in the treatment of ulcers]. PMID- 7313880 TI - [Acute occlusions of arteries in the extremities]. PMID- 7313881 TI - [Analysis of the results of surgical treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 7313882 TI - [Incidence of the dumping syndrome after gastric resection for ulcer disease]. PMID- 7313883 TI - [A sensitive spinal rhizotomy in the treatment of intractable pain]. PMID- 7313884 TI - [Extensive infections in the perineal and external genital regions]. PMID- 7313885 TI - [Surgical technic for arteriovenous fistulae used in hemodialysis]. PMID- 7313886 TI - [Phlegmasia coerulea dolens and massive pulmonary embolization treated with venous thrombectomy and pulmonary embolectomy]. PMID- 7313887 TI - [A temporary transcutaneous filter for the inferior vena cava for the prevention of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 7313888 TI - [Evaluation of sicca features in patients with Sjogren's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313889 TI - [Difference of clinical features between pseudogout and chondrocalcinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313890 TI - [Studies on IgE rheumatoid factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313891 TI - [Radiological classification of rheumatoid knees in relation to deformities and muscle forces (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313892 TI - [A case report on treatment and cellular immunity of Reiter's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313893 TI - [Skin manifestation of rheumatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313895 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 117 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313894 TI - [Pregnancy and rheumatic disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313896 TI - [Correlation between serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level and serum iron concentration in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313897 TI - [A population study on hyperuricaemia by multivariate analysis - analysis of factors concerning hyperuricaemia by the linear discriminant function test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313899 TI - [A case of polymyalgia rheumatica (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313898 TI - [Pathogenesis of anemia in collagen disease. I. Effects of erythropoietin and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient's sera on the heme synthesis of normal and RA patient's bone marrow erythroblasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313900 TI - [A case of rheumatoid arthritis associated with agranulocytosis during levamisole treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313901 TI - [Agranulocytosis and myasthenia gravis probably induced by D-penicillamine in rheumatoid patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313902 TI - The management of the complicated haemothorax. PMID- 7313903 TI - Gynecomastia due to a leydig cell tumour of the testis. PMID- 7313905 TI - A comparison of Social Security taxes and Federal income taxes, 1980-90. PMID- 7313904 TI - Family Social Security taxes compared with Federal income taxes, 1979. AB - Increases in Social Security taxes during the past decade or so have prompted frequent comparisons of Social Security taxes and Federal personal income taxes. In this article, new evidence is brought to bear on this issue. Two specific questions are addressed: For 1979, what percentage of family units paid more in Social Security tax than in Federal income tax? How did this relationship between Social Security and income tax payments vary with family unit income and other family unit characteristics? PMID- 7313906 TI - Recent changes to the Railroad Retirement Act. PMID- 7313907 TI - The income and resources of the elderly in 1978. AB - The Social Security Administration (SSA) recently released two publications dealing with the economic situation of persons aged 55 and older in 1978. These reports--Income & Resources of the Aged, 1978 (a chartbook containing 17 charts and brief explanatory paragraphs) and Income of the Population 55 and Over, 1978 (a staff paper containing 43 tables and supporting text)--are the most recent in a series of analyses of the aged population begun by SSA 40 years ago. By means of selected findings, tabulations, tables, and charts, this article presents a sampling of the information available in the two publications. The reports reveal that the aged as a group are no longer disproportionately poor compared with the adult population as a whole, and that the 1978 income of most elderly units had kept pace with inflation since 1976, the next most recent survey year. PMID- 7313908 TI - Social structure and social behaviour in an intensive care unit: patient-family perspectives. AB - This paper deals with how definitions of the situation emerge fro cardiac patients and their families in the critical phase of illness. Data, which were collected through participant observation in a hospital intensive care unit, show that the structure of the situation can lead to discrepancies in the way that patients and significant others perceive and interpret the illness and therapy. Key variables include differential exposure and access to the care setting, including the care providers, role assignment, and an attenuated communication system. No mechanisms seem to be built into the situation to provide remediation for the immediate or long-term implications. PMID- 7313909 TI - Social work utilization in pediatrics: referral preferences among teachers, parents, and pediatricians. PMID- 7313910 TI - Social structure and social behavior in an intensive care unit: patient-family perspectives. A physician's response. PMID- 7313911 TI - Social structure and social behavior in an intensive care unit: patient-family perspectives. A nurse's response. PMID- 7313912 TI - Social structure and social behavior in an intensive care unit: patient-family perspectives. A social worker's response. PMID- 7313913 TI - Group work with young adult epilepsy patients. PMID- 7313914 TI - The measurement of the effect of social work on the enhancement of dental student training. PMID- 7313915 TI - Social work practice and community health: a planning-implementation model. AB - This paper describes the functions and roles performed by the author as a social worker in the Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York. The material is presented within the context of current controversies in the health care field and the department's assumption of responsibility to help improve the health care delivery system. Examples are provided to illustrate ways in which social work practice can enhance the ability of an agency or institution to use its won resources to educate and encourage a community and attendant health delivery systems therein to identify needs and to work in partnership in order to solve some of the problems. Discussion of the philosophical and knowledge base from which specific principles and techniques emerge highlights the applicability of this material to urban, nonurban, and rural areas. PMID- 7313916 TI - Primary prevention: revolution in the helping professions? PMID- 7313917 TI - Perceptions of the treatment responsibilities for the alcoholic elderly client. PMID- 7313918 TI - The use of a rehabilitation team for stroke patients. AB - A multidisciplinary team affiliated with a large urban hospital is described and evaluated with respect to its effects on stroke patients. Twenty-six patients who had been referred to the team in a 7-month period were compared with a group of 32 patients who had not been referred to the team. Patients were evaluated on the basis of their scores on a functional health scale mailed to them 3 months after their discharge from the hospital. The results of this project indicate that patients seen by the team scored higher on functional health than those not seen by the team. PMID- 7313919 TI - Public health social work: a training model. AB - Despite the disparate historical evolution, public image, and traditional approached to problem solving characteristic of the social work profession and the field of public health, the potential for professional collaboration has never been greater. Indeed, the comprehensive management of social-health problems demands an interdisciplinary educational program designed to train upcoming professionals. The 4-year old, joint MSW-MPH program at the University of Minnesota provides a setting in which the public health social work student develops the philosophies, values, and skills of both social work and public health, and applies them to appropriate social-health settings. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Minnesota model and examine its implications for faculty and community professionals interested in developing similar training programs. PMID- 7313920 TI - Tolerance to the effect of morphine on escape from reticular formation stimulation. PMID- 7313921 TI - Effect of methaqualone on mouse brain serotonergic systems. PMID- 7313922 TI - Acute and chronic phencyclidine administration: relationships between biodispositional factors and behavioral effects. PMID- 7313923 TI - Synthesis and behavioral activity of cis-4-phenyl, 4-piperidinocyclohexanol, a metabolite of phencyclidine. PMID- 7313924 TI - Symptom clusters among heavy alcohol consuming military personnel. PMID- 7313925 TI - Contemporary management of biliary atresia. PMID- 7313926 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. Recognition and treatment. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux is common in infants and children and is associated with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disease. The majority of young patients with reflux can be managed nonoperatively because growth and time usually bring maturation of the antireflux mechanisms. We feel that operation is justified and indicated for the child with complications of reflux that are not reversed by a six-week medical trial, and children with stricture or infants with reflux related apnea should have operation without delay. In our experience, analysis of the 24-hour esophageal pH tracing has proved most useful to correlate respiratory symptoms with reflux. The Nissen fundoplication is the most effective and the most reliable antireflux procedure, but it must be constructed loosely to minimize the side effects of dysphagia and gas bloating. Because the population at risk for reflux disease has approximately a 50 per cent incidence of significant associated medical problems, morbidity and mortality from some of these problems is inevitable. There should be little or no mortality associated with the antireflux operation itself. PMID- 7313928 TI - Inguinal hernia and hydrocele in infants and children. AB - Forty senior pediatric surgeons were surveyed regarding difficult decisions in the management of inguinal hernia. Areas covered were diagnosis, surgical techniques, hydrocele, incarceration, the contralateral side of a clinically apparent inguinal hernia, and inguinal hernia in the premature baby. The lack of agreement on many questions indicates that more than one approach may be effective in managing problems associated with hernia and that rigid policies are unwarranted. PMID- 7313927 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. AB - In addition to proctocolectomy, new surgical techniques for treating ulcerative colitis include the Kock internal ileal reservoir and endorectal pullthrough of the ileum. In children three forms of Crohn's disease requiring operation have been identified. Ileocecal disease may be treated with resection and anastomosis; colorectal disease is best managed by primary proctocolectomy cutaneous ileostomy; and Crohn's disease of the small bowel should be managed by medical therapy in most cases. PMID- 7313929 TI - Urinary tract diversion and undiversion in the pediatric age group. AB - Undiversion is an interesting phenomenon but may in part be self-limiting. As the experience with techniques in reconstruction increases, the need for diversion may give way to that of earlier correction of the original pathology, Thus, reversal of diversion by offering a wealth of experience in reconstruction may well lead to its own demise. Nevertheless, even with newer reconstructive techniques, there is, to date, a definite place for diversion of the urinary tract in the pediatric age group and there are now many pediatric patients still to be considered candidates for undiversion PMID- 7313930 TI - Splenic and hepatic trauma in children. AB - The concepts for proper management of splenic and hepatic injuries have been evolving over the last several years. The recognition that aggressive surgical therapy in some instances was responsible for the number of life-threatening complications led to a reappraisal of the principles of care for these traumatic lesions. The emerging consensus of opinion is that often nonoperative therapy or more "conservative" operations are preferable. The accumulated experience to date supports the view that this more selective therapeutic approach will result in lower morbidity and mortality for children sustaining splenic or hepatic injuries. Fortunately, the recent technologic improvements in the field of radiology have enabled the clinician to diagnose and serially evaluate these major intra-abdominal injuries with a high degree of confidence. PMID- 7313931 TI - Symposium on adjuvant treatment of cancer. PMID- 7313933 TI - Adjuvant therapy for malignant melanoma. PMID- 7313932 TI - Adjuvant cancer therapy: rational for its use. PMID- 7313934 TI - Alternatives to classic randomized trials. AB - Randomized clinical trials are regarded as the most credible way of generating scientific data that compare the benefits of different therapies. However, randomized trials present difficulties in their execution. Often physicians are unwilling to participate in such studies because they do not wish to inform the patient that the treatment program will be chosen by a chance mechanism. They believe that such a discussion may compromise the physician-patient relationship. Alternatives to classic randomized trials have been discussed. Also considered are some aspects of the strategy of clinical experimentation. It has been pointed out that the initiation of definitive Phase III trials made on the basis of little prior expectation of success ("trying something out") tends to generate false-positive results. PMID- 7313935 TI - Infrapopliteal arterial bypass for limb salvage: increased patency and utilization of the saphenous vein used "in situ". AB - A prospective study of "in situ" saphenous vein has been made to determine its patency and utilization when used for arterial bypass distal to the popliteal artery. The valvular obstructions to arterial flow were removed by the method of valve incision developed by the authors. Of 316 consecutive "in situ" bypass procedures, 133 attempts were made to complete the procedure to the infrapopliteal level for limb salvage. One hundred and twenty-four of these were completed, to 43 peroneal, 40 posterior tibial, 25 anterior tibial, and 16 tibioperoneal arteries. At the level of its distal transection, the saphenous veins had diameters of 3.5 to 2.5 mm in 58 cases (45%). Only 7% of these procedures could not be completed without resorting to the use of excised vein segments. There were seven occlusions within 30 days (94% immediate patency rate). Cumulative patency rates by life-table analysis at 1, 2, and 3 years were 87%, 82%, and 72%, respectively. Neither the vein diameter nor the location of the distal anastomosis had any effect on these patency rates. In spite of the immediate failure rate of 15% to 30%, reversed autogenous saphenous vein is the present material of choice for infrapopliteal bypass. However, when the generally accepted minimum diameter of 4 mm is applied, at least 25% of these veins may not meet this criterion. These data show that the "in situ" method allows for both increased bypass patency and utilization of saphenous vein by permitting the consistent use of increased bypass patency and utilization of saphenous vein by permitting the consistent use of veins of 3.5 mm diameter or less. The summation of these improved utilization and patency rates has resulted in a greater number of functioning bypasses when compared to the present experience with reversed saphenous vein and/or nonautogenous substitutes in current use. PMID- 7313936 TI - An improved technique for preservation of endothelial morphology in vein grafts. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was performed on 29 canine and two human veins prepared for vein grafting by means of various techniques. Endothelial morphology was best preserved when veins were pretreated with papaverine before excision, when a warm solution was used for dilatation, when the grafts were stored up to 1 hour either in a warm, nutritive medium (Dulbecco's modified eagles) or a cold, nonnutritive solution (saline), and when the grafts were maintained in the distended state. Distending pressure up to 500 mm Hg did not cause injury to veins prepared by these techniques. The use of cold solutions to distend veins was especially harmful. PMID- 7313937 TI - Discriminant arteriographic criteria in the management of forearm and hand ischemia. AB - Fifty-five patients (33 male and 22 female), 3 to 73 years in age, underwent aortic arch and selective upper extremity arteriography for the evaluation of forearm and hand ischemia from 1971 to 1980. Fifty-one patients had organic occlusive lesions (12 subclavian, 15 axillobrachial, 17 radial-ulnar, and 7 palmar-digital), including distal forearm and hand emboli, as a consequence of proximal occlusive disease in nine patients (5 subclavian, 2 axillobrachial, and 2 radial-ulnar). The remaining four patients had vasospastic disease. Major arteriographic findings of obstructive disease were defined by: morphology of lesions, symmetry or asymmetry of obstructions, segmental versus tandem lesion distribution, and the resultant pattern of collateral circulation. Vasodilatory pharmacoangiography with magnification technique frequently facilitated evaluation of digital and collateral vessels. Therapeutic interventions were dictated by clinical data heavily weighed by the arteriographic examination. Limited arteriographic studies would have been misleading in the evaluation of many patients. PMID- 7313938 TI - Profundaplasty in perspective: limitations in the long-term management of limb ischemia. AB - The ultimate value of profundaplasty in the management of lower extremity ischemia was determined by multifactoral analysis of 239 operated limbs in 209 patients followed up to 110 months. In patients who underwent operation for claudication (n=83), patency without the need for subsequent revision or distal bypass was achieved in 77% at 5 years. By contrast, profundaplasty patency was maintained in only 23% of 154 limbs operated upon for salvage. The patient survival rate was 75% at 5 years and 56% at 7 years among the claudication group but only 29% at both 5 and 7 years in the limb salvage group. Of the 104 survivors in the limb salvage category, 43 required amputation, 79% within the first year, and 13 limbs were saved by additional revascularization procedures. Profundaplasty is a durable procedure for relief of claudication. However, it is significantly less effective in patients threatened with limb loss. When amputation is inevitable, effective profunda perfusion is essential for preservation of the knee joint. PMID- 7313939 TI - Extremity salvage utilizing microvascular free tissue transfer. PMID- 7313940 TI - Aortoiliac occlusive disease: factors influencing survival and function following reconstructive operation over a twenty-five-year period. AB - During a period of slightly over 25 years, 949 new patients with aortoiliac atherosclerotic occlusive disease--409 (43%) with associated distal disease--were submitted to various reconstructive operations for claudication in 719 and rest ischemic problems in 230 patients. The ages ranged from 21 to 91 years with a medial age of 59. Men outnumbered women 2.5 to 1. Associated diseases were present in 695 (75%); heart disease and diabetes were most common. The mortality rate from operation--50% of which was from heart disease--8% in first 5 years and 3% during the last 15 years. Good function, i.e., restoration of femoral pulses, leg salvage, and relief of symptoms, was achieved in 95% of cases early after treatment. Early results were best in patients with claudication and those without associated distal disease. The long-term survival rates were significant- 50%, 30%, and 15% at 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively--and successful function was maintained in survivors in 79%, 70%, and 56% at the same intervals. Amputation was performed in only 23 (3%) patients with claudication and 33 (14%) with rest ischemia during the period of study. Survival, functional results, and incidence of amputation varied with the numerous factors described in detail herein. PMID- 7313942 TI - The natural history of asymptomatic carotid disease in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. AB - Prospective screening of 449 patients undergoing coronary or peripheral arterial revascularization detected asymptomatic cervical bruits in 44 patients (9.8%) and carotid obstruction by Doppler ultrasound in 63 individuals (14.0%). There was poor correlation between cervical bruit and carotid obstsruction. No patient underwent prophylactic casrotid endarterectomy. Three patients had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and five had nonfatal strokes perioperatively, only one of which was in the territory appropriate to carotid obstruction. Of 72 surviving patients with asymptomatic carotid disease, 10 (13.9%) had TIAs and one (1.4%) died of stroke during a 2-year follow-up, during which time only two (0.8%) of 254 patients without carotid disease reported symptoms of TIAs. Patients with asymptomatic carotid disease had a significantly higher incidence of perioperative and late deaths (10.6% and 9.2%, respectively), usually of myocardial infarction, as compared to patients without carotid disease (0.3% and 0.8%, respectively, P less than 0.001). Asymp-tomatic carotid disease, although correlating poorly with perioperative stroke in patients undergoing cardiovascular operations, identifies patients at risk of late neurologic events and peroperative or late deaths from myocardial infarction. We do not recommend prophylactic carotid endarterectomy but favor operative intervention if patients develop TIAs during a period of careful follow-up . PMID- 7313941 TI - Intraoperative anticoagulation in cardiovascular surgery. AB - The optimal heparin dose to prevent intraoperative thrombosis or excessive bleeding during the occlusive phase of cardiovascular operations has not been determined. Therefore, we studied the kinetics of heparin effect in 28 patient undergoing peripheral vascular and cardiac operations. The activated clotting time (ACT) was measured in seconds by an electronic clot timer. The maximum ACT after initial heparin administration, the time to reach maximum ACT, and the half time of heparin effect (t1/2) were determined. The anticoagulant effect of a given dose of heparin varies greatly among patients. No correlation was found between the t1/2 and the dosage of heparin administered. Despite higher doses of heparin administered to cardiac patients, the t1/2 in cardiac and vascular patients was not significantly different. Four patients received the same dose of heparin preoperatively and intraoperatively in an effort to predict the intraoperative effect. The times to maximum effect were the same but t1/2 intraoperatively was longer. These results indicate: (1) maximum heparin effect occurs later than previously believed and is different for cardiac and peripheral vascular patients; (2) the recommendation to give more heparin based on the 5 minute ACT is not valid; (3) individual response to a standard dose of heparin is unpredictable, both in duration and maximum effect; and (4) intraoperative monitoring of the heparin effect is practical and is the only way that any consistent, specific and point of heparin can be achieved. PMID- 7313943 TI - Aspirin failure in symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid artery disease. AB - Over a 26-month period 27 urgent carotid endarterectomies were performed on patients who had been taking antiplatelet aggregating drugs for 6 months to 2 years. Angiography confirmed an original diagnosis of symptomatic extracranial carotid artery stenosis and ulceration in all patients. Nineteen had been started on dosages of aspirin from 325 to 1,300 mg/day, and eight started on aspirin plus persantine. Compliance to aspirin use appeared high. All had partial or total resolution of the ischemic symptoms after aspirin therapy was instituted. On readmission three patients had early stroke in evolution, and 24 had crescendo transient ischemic attacks. Reevaluation included cerebral angiography which confirmed progression of carotid artery disease to 90% or greater stenosis in each instance. All patients underwent successful carotid endarterectomies. A review of history of these 27 in the urgent group as opposed to the 45 symptomatic carotid patients who were electively operated on in the same time period revealed no significant (P greater than 0.10) differences in incidence of risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, none of the elective group had regularly taken aspirin. It would appear that aspirin decreased ischemic symptoms in the patients who underwent urgent operation by its antithromboxane effect, inhibiting platelet aggregation and embolization. However, aspirin appeared to have a deleterious effect on these patients by allowing their carotid disease to progress to a dangerous state by eliminating the symptoms of progressive carotid artery atherosclerosis or by accentuating the process of atherosclerosis possibly by inhibition of arterial prostacyclin. PMID- 7313944 TI - Postendarterectomy carotid occlusion. AB - In a prospective study of 300 carotid endarterectomies, ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG-Gee) was performed in the recovery room after all procedures. Positive test findings, indicative of occlusion of the repaired vessels, were encountered after 16 (5%) of these procedures, and all 16 patients were completely asymptomatic. Serial test results, without angiographic confirmation, have remained positive in nine. Angiography confirmed the positive test results in three. Immediate reoperation, without angiography, confirmed the positive test findings in four, and normal flow was restored in all four cases. Success of carotid endarterectomy should not be measured by absence of symptoms. Objective documentation of persistent patency is essential. Present policy dictates that if recovery room test results are positive, the patient be returned to the operating room as soon as possible, with no delay for angiography. PMID- 7313945 TI - Transrectal drainage of pelvic abscess. PMID- 7313946 TI - The surgeons "out there". PMID- 7313947 TI - Pancreatic abscesses. PMID- 7313948 TI - Society for Vascular Surgery. Presidential address: Vascular surgery-- "A part of the main". PMID- 7313949 TI - Three-hour preservation of the hypothermic globally ischemic heart with nifedipine. AB - We have previously shown that an intracellular-like crystalloid cardioplegic solution (ICS) provides superior protection to normothermic canine hearts subjected to 1 hour of global ischemia (GI) in comparison to a standard extracellular-type clinical cardioplegic solution (CPS). The addition of a calcium antagonist, nifedipine (N), to CPS was shown to be salutory. The new experiments used systemic hypothermia (25 degrees +/- 1 degrees C) and multidose (500 ml) cold (4 degrees C) CPS or ICS with and without N (200 to 400 micrograms/L) every 30 to 45 minutes during GI intervals of 3 hours at a resultant myocardial temperature of 10 degrees +/- 2 degrees C. The results show that after 3 hours of GI and 2 hours of observation stroke work index, (SWI) decreased to 50% +/- 10% of control for the CPS, ICS, and CPS + N groups. The ICS + N group had excellent preservation with left ventricular (LV) SWI and first derivatived left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt) equal to the preischemic valve. Cardiac output was increased above control levels and responded normally to volume loading. Possible mechanisms of nifedipine and CPS interactions are discussed. It is concluded that a low sodium ICS containing N is highly efficacious for long ischemic intervals and that composition of the CPS strongly influences the effects of N on postischemic performance. PMID- 7313950 TI - Infections after elective bypass surgery for lower limb ischemia: the influence of preoperative transcutaneous arteriography. PMID- 7313951 TI - Effects of femorofemoral grafts on postoperative sexual function: correlation with penile pulse volume recordings. AB - Twenty-four male patients underwent 24 femorofemoral bypass graft procedures for severely limiting claudication or limb threat. These patients were assessed for sexual function preoperatively and postoperatively. Twenty-three patients reported impotence preoperatively. Eighteen patients were studied with sequential penile pulse volume recording (PVRS), and in each case of impotence an abnormal penile PVR curve was noted. Seventeen of these 23 patients regained satisfying sexual function after femorofemoral bypass, and in most cases this correlated with an improved PVR curve. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of femorofemoral bypass in preserving and restoring erectile function. Neural injury is avoided, pelvic-directed blood flow established, and atheroembolism avoided. The status of postoperatively sexual function can be quantified by the penile pulse volume recorder, noting pulse amplitude and curve contour. Transducer standardization should be accomplished in vascular laboratories with local populations and known control subjects. Under these circumstances an abnormal PVR appears to be a permanent record of a reliable, reproducible test assessing insufficient penile perfusion. Improved sexual function after femorofemoral bypass can be correlated with increased pelvic perfusion demonstrated by an improvement in penile PVR tracings. PMID- 7313952 TI - Superficial femoral and popliteal arteries as inflow sites for distal bypasses. AB - In a series of limb salvage bypass to the popliteal and infrapopliteal arteries, the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries were used preferentially to provide inflow if these vessels were no more than minimally diseased proximal to the site of bypass origin. Cumulative life-table patency rate at 6 years for popliteal bypasses was 66% for 290 cases originating from the common femoral and 81% for 60 cases originating from the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (P greater than 0.1). Infrapopliteal bypass patency rate at 5 years was 50% for 129 cases originating from the common femoral artery and 58% for 79 cases originating more distally (P greater than 0.25). When vein grafts alone were considered, patency rates were still not influenced by the site of origin of popliteal and infrapopliteal bypasses. Only 1 of 32 failures of a bypass with a distal origin could have been caused by proximal progression of disease. Because of these findings and multiple advantages that result from using arteries distal to the common femoral for bypass inflow, preferential use of the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries for this purpose is recommended in appropriately selected patients. PMID- 7313953 TI - [Role of ultrasound in diagnosis of hepatopancreatoduodenal diseases]. PMID- 7313954 TI - [Topical diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 7313955 TI - [Clinical significance and mechanism of so-called selective proteinuria in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 7313956 TI - [Lung edema during congestive left ventricle insufficiency in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7313957 TI - [Ulceration of gastric fibrohistiocytosis]. PMID- 7313958 TI - ["Vascular stars" as one of the symptoms of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7313960 TI - [Clinical manifestations and outcomes of complicated variants of influenza during the epidemics of 1979-1980]. PMID- 7313959 TI - [Clinical-laboratory characteristics of sepsis]. PMID- 7313961 TI - [Comparative evaluation of difficulties and errors in diagnosis of acute pneumonia during the pre-hospital period]. PMID- 7313962 TI - [Certain variants of atypical tuberculosis]. PMID- 7313963 TI - [Hyperthermia in internal medicine]. PMID- 7313964 TI - [Secretory function of the stomach in food poisoning]. PMID- 7313965 TI - [Intragastric pH-metry, atropine test, and electrolyte content in the gastric juice in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 7313966 TI - [Types of secretory function of the stomach in healthy subjects and their role in the development of gastroduodenal pathology]. PMID- 7313967 TI - [Possibilities of electrogastrointestinography certain gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 7313968 TI - [Chromoendofibroscopy with methylene blue in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant gastrointestinal and bronchial neoplasms]. PMID- 7313970 TI - [Biliary dyskinesias]. PMID- 7313969 TI - [Allergic syndrome in intestinal diseases and efficacy of specific bacterial immunotherapy]. PMID- 7313971 TI - [Sjogren's syndrome and detection of surface hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) in the salivary gland tissue in chronic active hepatitis of viral etiology]. PMID- 7313972 TI - [Diagnostic and pathogenetic role of isozyme and enzyme determination in the urine of patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7313973 TI - [Glucocorticoids in therapy of HBs-positive viral hepatitis]. PMID- 7313974 TI - [Hazardous ventures with medications]. PMID- 7313975 TI - [Neurological diseases with disturbances of consciousness]. PMID- 7313976 TI - [Management of acromioclavicular luxation using a special plate]. PMID- 7313978 TI - [Syndets for the cleansing of healthy and diseased skin. Effect and dermatotherapeutic indications]. PMID- 7313977 TI - [Unconsciousness as a result of cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 7313979 TI - [Urologic emergency situations]. PMID- 7313980 TI - [Side effects of drugs on male sexuality]. PMID- 7313981 TI - [Back to human medicine]. PMID- 7313982 TI - [The induced delivery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313983 TI - [Programmed birth (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313984 TI - [Longitudinal study on pregnancy control, delivery procedures and child care by the family practitioner]. PMID- 7313985 TI - [A score for the identification of high risk pregnancies-principles and application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313986 TI - [The instrument monitored birth]. PMID- 7313987 TI - [Obstetrics today: undivided attention paid to mother and child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313988 TI - [Perinatal mortality in mother and child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313989 TI - [Psychologizing the care of women in labor]. PMID- 7313990 TI - [How to help the women in labor?]. PMID- 7313991 TI - [Sense and nonsense in antenatal exercise procedures and the subpartal behavior (Read, Lamaze, Leboyer)]. PMID- 7313992 TI - [Preparation for delivery according to lamaze-are there subjective or objective influences on delivery? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313993 TI - [Experiences with birth without violence (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313994 TI - [Delivery at home]. PMID- 7313995 TI - [Ambulatory delivery: organization and experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313996 TI - [Alternative birth centers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313997 TI - [Obstetrics today: opinion of a practicing obstetrician at a private hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313998 TI - [The individual termination as a function of growth and maturation of the fetus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7313999 TI - Treatment of pulmonary infections caused by mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. AB - Sixty-four patients with pulmonary infection caused by mycobacteria of the M avium-intracellulare complex have been reviewed. Patients who were asymptomatic on presentation often had a benign course but some developed progressive disease. Symptomatic patients who were not treated usually deteriorated. Various treatment regimens were used. Successful treatment was achieved in the majority of patients using a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin, and either ethambutol or streptomycin given for 24 months. Other forms of treatment given including multiple drug regimens were not as effective. PMID- 7314000 TI - Homograft aortic valve replacement: seven years' experience with antibiotic treated valves. AB - One hundred and sixty-five patients had their aortic valve replaced with antibiotic-sterilised homograft. In all cases, a two-layered freehand technique of valve implantation was used. Tailoring (narrowing) of the annulus was required in 29 cases, and an aortic root gusset was used to enlarge the non-coronary sinus in 68 cases. There was an early mortality of 1.8% and late mortality of 2.4%. The actuarial survival rate was 95% at a maximum follow-up of seven years. The incidence of valvar regurgitation (early diastolic murmur) was 11.5% up to six months after operation and an additional 7.2% subsequent to this. Overall, it was trivial in 10.3%, mild in 7.8%, and moderate in 0.6%. Most valve regurgitation was non-progressive and actuarial analysis showed 74% regurgitation-free valves at the end of seven years. The age of the donor and the valve storage time showed some relationship to valve deterioration. Special attention has been paid to the control of hypertension to prevent accelerated graft degeneration. The results suggest that this has been successful. Anticoagulant therapy was not used and thromboembolism has not been seen in patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. There was one case of miliary tuberculosis after homograft valve replacement but no pyogenic or fungal endocarditis occurred. No haemolysis, calcification, or valvar stenosis were observed. This series, followed for a maximum of seven years, shows excellent sustained valve performance and a very low incidence of important postoperative regurgitation, with 91.8% of the survivors symptom-free. PMID- 7314001 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary disease caused by Curvularia lunata and Drechslera hawaiiensis. AB - Three patients who developed bronchoceles caused by fungi other than Aspergillus sp are described. The first patient presented for investigation of a lesion at the right hilum on chest radiograph and a raised blood eosinophil count. A bronchogram showed complete block of the apical segmental bronchus which at operation was shown to be caused by inspissated material. The second patient was investigated because of a cough productive of plugs of sputum and irregular opacities in both upper zones on chest radiograph and a raised blood eosinophil count. This only cleared after one month on high dose oral prednisone therapy. The third patient with a previous history of left lingular pneumonia and bronchiectasis of the lingular segment of the left upper lobe was investigated three years later for right basal shadowing and a raised blood eosinophil count. The radiograph cleared after one month on high dose oral prednisone treatment. The aetiological agents in these cases were dematiaceous hyphomycetes, fungi ubiquitous in nature, and also agents of plant disease. The causal fungi, Curvularia lunata and Drechslera hawaiiensis, have on a few occasions been reported as causing human disease but in cases quite dissimilar to the three reported here. Septate branching dematiaceous mycelium was consistently seen in the clinical material and isolated from successive sputum specimens from each patient. Immunodiffusion tests from the third patient gave positive results for both fungi. Intraperitoneal inoculations of C lunata and D. hawaiiensis into Swiss white mice proved the pathogenicity of these isolates. PMID- 7314002 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease without clinical asthma. AB - During a retrospective survey of patients with pulmonary shadows and blood eosinophilia between the years 1965 and 1980, 42 patients were found with allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease. Eleven of these had no clinical evidence of asthma. Three of these 11 had hypersensitivity to fungi other than Aspergillus sp. In the absence of asthma there was some difficulty in making a diagnosis, particularly where collapse of the upper lobe occurred in middle-aged or elderly patients and bronchogenic carcinoma was presumed responsible. We suggest that the term allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis be replaced by allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease, the diagnosis be considered in patients with lung disease and blood eosinophilia even in the absence of asthma, and a wider range of fungal allergens be used for skin and precipitin tests. PMID- 7314003 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital coronary artery fistula. AB - Six patients with congenital coronary artery fistula underwent successful corrective surgery. Precise diagnosis was established either by retrograde aortography or more recently by selective arteriography. The left coronary artery was involved in four and the right in two cases. The fistula communicated with the right ventricle in three and the right atrium in three subjects. The operative approach is dictated by the site of entry of the vessel into the cardiac chamber. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass for intracardiac repair allows accurate closure of the fistula thereby reducing the chances of recurrence. A follow-up of one to seven years showed that all patients are asymptomatic and leading normal lives. PMID- 7314004 TI - Catheter tip cultures on open-heart surgery patients: associations with site of catheter and age of patients. AB - The results of culture of 668 catheter tips from 422 patients are analysed with relation to the site of the catheter and the age of the patient. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most common bacterial isolate, but Gram-negative bacilli were found in the venous lines, femoral artery lines, and peripheral lines. Isolations of Gram-negative bacilli were associated with age, being found mainly in those under 1 year and those over 40 years of age. Typing of coagulase negative staphylococci revealed that Staphylococcus epidermidis is the only variety found in peripheral lines and in lines inserted after operation for complications (central venous, sub-clavian, and long lines), whereas other types occur (along with Staphylococcus epidermidis) in the other lines (left atrial, arterial, and venous). Use of extra lines for the management of postoperative complications thereby increases the risk of Staphylococcus epidermidis gaining access to the circulation. A subgroup of venous lines used to administer inotropic agents was found to be sterile on culture, and this was the result of the anti-oxidant (sodium metabisulphite) in the inotrope solution acting as an antiseptic. PMID- 7314005 TI - Morphometry of pulmonary arteries from angiograms in chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - The application of morphometric techniques based on Strahler orders to the study of pulmonary angiograms is described. When the pulmonary arterial tree is ordered by Strahler's method, peripheral branches have the lowest orders and the main pulmonary artery the highest order. The mean diameter of vessels in each order can then be determined. Pulmonary angiograms were obtained from 16 patients, 10 of whom had chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), the other six having normal angiograms. Six orders of branching were found in vessels of 1 mm diameter or greater, and a plot of log mean diameter versus order from the normal angiograms was linear. The mean diameters of orders 2, 3, and 4 (diameter 2 to 7 mm) from COLD patients were significantly reduced ((p less than 0.01) and the log mean diameter versus order plot was concave upwards. These changes were more marked when TLC was raised than when it was normal. Plots of diameters of vessels from zones of the lung in which the pathology was well advanced (as judged by radiological changes) showed even greater reduction in the middle orders. These changes are probably the result of stretching of vessels in emphysematous lesions and diminution of blood flow from loss of capillary bed. PMID- 7314006 TI - Carbon monoxide in breath in relation to smoking and carboxyhaemoglobin levels. AB - Carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels were studied in 11 249 men. The distribution among the 2613 men who smoked cigarettes was well separated from that in 6641 non smokers (including ex-smokers). The distribution for 2005 cigar and pipe smokers was intermediate, though some of the highest COHb levels occurred in cigar smokers. Using a COHb cut-off level of 2%, 81% of cigarette smokers, 35% of cigar and pipe smokers, and 1.0% of non-smokers had raised COHb levels. In a subsidiary experiment alveolar air samples were collected from 162 smokers and 25 non smokers using a simple breath sampling technique. Carbon monoxide concentrations in alveolar breath were highly correlated with COHb levels (r = 0.97) indicating that COHb levels can be estimated reliably by measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide in breath. Alveolar carbon monoxide measurement is thus a simple method of estimating whether a person is likely to be a smoker. PMID- 7314007 TI - Intrasubject variability of pulmonary function testing in healthy children. AB - The intrasubject variability of repeat pulmonary function testing was examined in 20 healthy children aged 10 to 16 years. The children were tested a maximum of 11 times over a period of two months. The tests examined were spirometry, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves, body plethysmograph determination of lung volumes, and single breath nitrogen washout. The time of day or the length of the re-test interval, up to a period of two months, did not significantly affect the variability. Standard deviation was used when comparing the variability of measurements with the same units and coefficient of variation was used when comparing measurements of different units. The vital capacity measured by spirometry was the least variable measurement. Functional residual capacity, residual volume and total lung capacity were equally reproducible but as a group were more variable than vital capacity. There was no significant difference between the variability of the following measurements: forced expired flow from 25 to 75% of the vital capacity, flows at 70%, 50% and 40% total lung capacity, and flows at 50% vital capacity. Flows at 25% vital capacity were significantly less variable than other measurements of flow. The variability of forced expired volume in one second was examined and the use of this measurement in determining significant bronchial hyper-reactivity was assessed. PMID- 7314008 TI - Dose-dependency of theophylline clearance and protein binding. AB - Dose-dependency in theophylline pharmacokinetics and protein binding characteristics was examined in 10 healthy male volunteers. Theophylline disposition was determined after an intravenous infusion of both 1 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg aminophylline in a randomised crossover study. There was considerable intrasubject variability in theophylline clearance but no significant dose dependency. Theophylline protein binding was assessed by equilibrium dialysis at varying theophylline concentrations. The percentage of free non-protein bound theophylline was significantly increased at high theophylline concentrations. This increase in free theophylline would lead to a non-linear increase in the risk of toxicity with increasing drug concentration. PMID- 7314009 TI - Amyloid producing tumour of the lung. PMID- 7314010 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in a unilateral hypertransradiant lung. PMID- 7314011 TI - Pneumoconiosis of shale miners. AB - Four patients are described in whom pneumoconiosis was diagnosed towards the end of a lifetime's work in shale mines. All developed complicated pneumoconiosis, diagnosed in two cases at necropsy, in one by lobectomy, and in one radiologically. Two of the patients were found at necropsy also to have peripheral squamous lung cancer. The clinical and histological features of the disease resembled the pneumoconioses of coalminers and kaolin workers and the lungs of three of the patients were shown to contain dust composed predominantly of kaolinite, mica, and silica. Shale miners' complicated pneumoconiosis has not previously been described. Although the British shale industry is now defunct, oil production from shale is expanding in other countries, notably the USA. It is suggested that control should be exercised over dust exposure levels in this industry and that epidemiological studies should be carried out to quantify the risks of both pneumoconiosis and bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 7314012 TI - Cardiopulmonary function in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. AB - Cardiopulmonary function was evaluated in 21 patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Neither cardiac enlargement nor failure was observed, but six patients had abnormal electrocardiograms. All had marked restrictive spirometry because of chest wall fixation and depended upon diaphragmatic respiration. The severity of chest restriction was independent of sex, age, duration of disease, and extnet of other physical disability. Progression to chronic respiratory failure was not observed. Chest infection in the presence of diminished pulmonary reserve is the major hazard of life in this rare disease and prophylactic measures should be considered. PMID- 7314013 TI - Adaptive response to pneumonectomy in puppies. AB - When left pneumonectomy was performed on 9-week-old puppies, the right lung increased in weight, volume, surface area, and number of alveoli so that at age 20 weeks these variables were the same as those of both lungs of control animals and significantly larger than those of the right lung of control animals. The adaptive response of the right lung after pneumonectomy was greater in the lower lobe than in the middle or cardiac lobes. The number of alveoli per ml and the average interalveolar wall distance, hence the surface to volume ratio, was the same in both lungs of control animals and the same in the cardiac, middle, and lower lobes of their right lungs. PMID- 7314014 TI - In vitro monocyte maturation as a prediction of survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. AB - In vitro monocyte maturation was studied in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung--limited to the ipsilateral hemithorax in 30 and more extensive in 40. The patients were studied prospectively and initial monocyte maturation was correlated with survival. Monocyte maturation in patients with limited disease before treatment ranged from 3.1 to 57.6% with a median value of 21.4%. The survival of those patients in whom monocyte maturation was less than the normal range (less than 30.4%) was significantly shorter than the survival in those with normal maturation ( p less than 0.05). Four of the five patients whose initial maturation was less than 10% proved to be inoperable at surgery. Patients with extensive disease had monocyte maturation ranging from 2.4 to 52.9% with a median value of 13.2%, significantly lower than in those with limited disease (p less than 0.025). Patients with extensive disease and low monocyte maturation survived a significantly shorter time than those with normal maturation ( p less than 0.005). The depression of monocyte development may explain the finding of negative delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in many patients with lung carcinoma and may prove useful as an index of prognosis. PMID- 7314015 TI - Exponential analysis of lobar pressure-volume characteristics. AB - In 19 excised left human lungs, seven of which were emphysema-free, lobar pressure-volume (P-V) characteristics were analysed by fitting to the P-V data an exponential of the form V=A-Be-KPL (where V is the volume at a transpulmonary pressure (PL), A is the theoretical lung volume at infinite PL, B is the difference between A and the intercept of the fitted exponential on the volume axis and K is a shape constant). In the emphysema-free lungs there was no difference in the B/A ratio expressed as a percentage, indicating an identical position of the P-V curves of the upper and lower lobes. However the upper lobes had significantly (p less than 0.025) higher values for K than the lower lobes indicating greater compliance. In 10 emphysematous lungs the upper lobes were more severely involved than the lower lobes. In these lungs the difference in K between upper and lower lobes had been abolished suggesting that the less emphysematous lower lobes had increased compliance relatively more than the upper lobes. PMID- 7314016 TI - Mechanical inefficiency of the thoracic cage in scoliosis. AB - The mechanism of impairment of ventilatory function in idiopathic scoliosis has been studied in 23 children, all girls, and compared with 27 normal children and 24 normal young adult females. The vital capacity, FEV 1, gas transfer factor, and the maximum static expiratory airway pressure were all significantly reduced. total lung capacity and the maximum inspiratory pressure were lower than in the normal subjects, but the difference was not significant. Restriction of thoracic cage movement by a belt showed that the thorax in the children with scoliosis was as mobile as in the normal subjects. The results are explained in terms of the characteristic deformity in scoliosis which causes one hemi-thorax to become relatively smaller than the other. It is concluded that this causes an inherent mechanical inefficiency of ventilation which is likely to contribute to respiratory failure in these subjects. PMID- 7314017 TI - Oral VP-16-213 in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma and toxic effects when combined with methotrexate. AB - Forty-six patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer received treatment with the cytotoxic drug VP-16-213 in a dose of 100 mg twice daily, given orally for five days. The overall objective response rate was 11 out of 46 (24%) or 11 of the 33 (33%) who survived to receive two cycles. The drug was effective in all histological types. Only one patient developed leucopenia. This demonstration of the safety of VP-16-213 and its effectiveness suggested that this drug might be used in combination chemotherapy. A series of pilot studies showed unexplained marrow toxicity when VP-16-123 combined with vincristine was given with either methotrexate of adriamycin. PMID- 7314018 TI - Congenital oesophageal stenosis caused by tracheobronchial structures in the oesophageal wall. AB - Congenital oesophageal stenosis caused by heterotopic cartilage and other tracheobronchial structures in the oesophageal wall is a very rare condition. The first case was described by Frey and Duschl in 1936, and only 16 further cases have been reported since that date. We report two further cases of the anomaly. The first, like the majority described previously, was an isolated defect in an otherwise normal child. The second was associated with an oesophageal atresia with a tracheooesophageal fistula and multiple developmental anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7314020 TI - Estimation of arterial oxygen tension in adult subjects using a transcutaneous electrode. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) measured with a heated electrode was compared with arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in three groups of adult patients group A: 20 patients with chronic respiratory disease; group B: eight hypothermic patents studied immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery; and group C: 14 patients in an intensive care unit who had in all 35 comparisons of tcPO2 and PaO2. For group A, the relationship of the two methods is given by the regression equation (in mmHg): tcPO2 = 0.88 PaO2 + 5.0 (standard error = 5.2: r = 0.93: p less than 0.001) and for group C tcPO2 = 0.69 PaO2 + 14.9 (standard error =12.0, r = 0.90: p less than 0.001). A method of in vivo calibration using a single arterial blood sample improved the reliability of the method in group C. In the group B patients there was no correlation between tcPO2 and PaO2 even when supplementary heating was applied to the skin. Continuous monitoring can reveal large fluctuations in arterial PO2 which would be missed by the use of intermittent arterial samples. The transcutaneous electrode can be employed usefully in intensive care monitoring of adult patients and in physiological studies where repeated arterial samples would otherwise be required. PMID- 7314019 TI - Radiographic appearances of mycoplasma pneumonia. AB - The chest radiographs of 60 adult patients with serologically proven mycoplasma pneumonia were reviewed. Confluent or patchy consolidation was most commonly seen, and involved one lobe only in 40% of patients. Widespread nodular opacities were seen much less frequently (7%). Pleural fluid was rare. Complete resolution was almost invariable, 40% of radiographs having cleared by four weeks and 96% by eight weeks. PMID- 7314022 TI - Hydatid cyst of the liver with intrathoracic rupture. AB - In the last 10 years we have operated on 33 cases of hydatid cyst of the liver with intrathoracic rupture. Twenty-one out of 33 cases ruptured into bronchi, in seven the rupture affected the pleural cavity, and in six simultaneous rupture into the bronchus and pleural cavity occurred. Laboratory tests were not carried out in all cases. The Casoni intradermal test was carried out in 23 cases and was positive in 18. A liver scan was performed in 10 and was positive in all. Conservative operations were carried out in 22 patients. In these the hepatic cavity was evacuated and separately drained. This was followed by suturing the diaphragmatic rupture and also closing the bronchial opening if present. Lung resections were performed in 11 out of 33 cases. In eight lobectomy was carried out and in three segmental resections. Resection was necessary when suppuration and bronchiectatic changes affected the lung. Ruptured cyst into the pleural cavity requires emergency thoracotomy after the anaphylactic shock is over. Removal of the parasite, re-expansion of the lung, and drainage of the pleural and hepatic cavities is necessary. Immediate and late complications occurred in 13 patients. In two postoperative haemorrhage occurred and in two postoperative empyema developed. Recurrent haemoptysis was seen in five, persistent bile fistula in one, and dissemination of hydatid cyst in three. In the remaining 20 cases there was no complication. Operative mortality was nil. PMID- 7314021 TI - Gastric emptying after oesophagectomy as assessed by plasma paracetamol concentrations. AB - Gastric emptying after oesophagogastrectomy may be affected by opposing influences. Truncal vagotomy of the orthotopic stomach, as used by surgeons for peptic ulcer, results in delayed gastric emptying. The emptying of such a denervated stomach is affected by position and posture and may result in gastric "incontinence", particularly if associated with drainage procedures. It is possible that postural effects may outweigh the reduced motility if the vagotomised stomach is transplanted into the chest as after oesophagogastrectomy. Despite the effect that disturbed gastric emptying may have on nutrition and drug absorption there have been few studies concerning patients who have had oesophageal resection or bypass. We report our preliminary experience of an indirect method to estimate gastric emptying after oesophageal resection and bypass, using the absorption profile of paracetamol (acetaminophen). This technique is safe and has been shown to reflect gastric emptying accurately in the innervated stomach. With this technique we have shown that, even in the absence of a concomitant drainage procedure, oesophageal resection, or bypass, using the denervated stomach to restore alimentary continuity does not result in any detectable delay in gastric emptying. PMID- 7314023 TI - Recurrent chest infections, ciliary abnormalities and partial complement deficiency in a Jordanian family. AB - Four girls born to second cousin parents developed chronic chest infection and bronchiectasis in infancy. Three were studied in detail: they all had the same HLA haplotype, all showed random orientation of cilia or compound cilia in the respiratory tract, and all had low levels of the C1 and C2 components of the complement system. Although the cause of the respiratory disease in this family remains unclear, it is suggested that the low C1 levels may have contributed to the disease in two of the children while the low C2 levels were artefacts and the ciliary abnormalities were secondary to chronic chest infection. PMID- 7314024 TI - Bronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. AB - Sixty consecutive patients with central bronchial carcinomas were studied by fibreoptic bronchoscopy. In all forceps biopsy and bronchial needle aspiration were performed, and in 54 bronchial brushings were obtained. The combination of bronchial brushings and forceps biopsy diagnosed bronchial carcinoma of a defined cell type in 80% of patients. Bronchial needle aspiration was the most effective single technique giving a cytological diagnosis in 80% of patients, and when all three techniques were combined the positive rate increased to 92%. No major complications occurred using bronchial needle aspiration. Needle aspiration was particularly helpful when sampling from lesions in the upper lobes where forceps biopsies were technically difficult, from tumours lying submucosally, and from abnormalities caused by extrinsic compression. We conclude that bronchial needle aspiration should be used routinely, together with other sampling techniques, in the diagnosis of central bronchial carcinoma with the fibreoptic bronchoscope. PMID- 7314026 TI - Management of oesophageal perforation associated with benign stricture and hiatus hernia by oesophagoplasty and fundoplication. AB - The operation of oesophagoplasty and Nissen fundoplication has proved valuable in the management of intractable peptic stricture of the oesophagus. This report concerns its use in perforation of the oesophagus in an 81-year-old woman with benign peptic stricture in whom perforation occurred during instrumentation. She made an uneventful recovery from operation and remained well and able to swallow without difficulty at three-month follow-up. PMID- 7314025 TI - Cardiovascular response during severe acute asthma and its treatment in children. AB - Heart rate, blood pressure, pulsus paradoxus, and cardiac output measured by means of transthoracic electrical impedance cardiography have been recorded in 29 children mean age 10 years +/- 2 SD during status asthmaticus. Changes were recorded over the first two hours of treatment during which all patients received oxygen, intravenous fluid, and hydrocortisone, and were randomly assigned to receive aminophylline, salbutamol, or both. Admission values showed significant correlation of pulsus paradoxus with PaCO2 (r = 0.66). Pulsus paradoxus was greater than 20 mmHg for all patients with PaCO2 above 5.5 kPa. Mean stroke volume and cardiac output were 89% and 131% of the resting convalescent values in the same children. Stroke volume cardiac output and heart rate did not correlate with peak expiratory flow rate or blood gas measurements. Aminophylline and salbutamol together were associated with significantly greater increase in PEF than aminophylline alone (P less than 0.05). Nebulised salbutamol was just as effective as intravenous salbutamol. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure declined significantly after nebulised salbutamol and aminophylline, but not after intravenous salbutamol and aminophylline. Stroke volume and cardiac output did not change significantly in any treatment group. PMID- 7314027 TI - Alveolar proteinosis lung lavage using partial cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - An adult case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis presented with an arterial oxygen tension of 27 mmHg (3.6 kPa) while breathing air. Dangerous hypoxaemia during lung lavage was avoided by using partial cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 7314028 TI - Ventilatory function test values of health adult Jordanians. AB - A sample of 144 male, and 117 female healthy adults was selected to determine the normal ventilatory functions for Jordanians. Forced vital capacity, FEV1, and FMF 25-75% were determined using a dry bellows spirometer. Linear regression curves and nomograms were constructed for predicted values. Jordanian values for FVC and FEV1 were similar to those of Caucasians living in the western hemisphere. PMID- 7314029 TI - Pneumonectomy for massive ventilated lung cysts. PMID- 7314030 TI - Fulminating chromobacterial septicaemia presenting as respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7314031 TI - Causes of pneumonia presenting to a district general hospital. AB - The incidence of bacterial, viral, mycoplasma, and rickettsial infections has been assessed prospectively in 210 adult patients with pneumonia who presented to a district hospital over a six-year period. One hundred and thirteen infective agents were detected in 103 patients. The agent most frequently detected was Mycoplasma pneumoniae which accounted for 30 infections. A bacterial pathogen was found in 43 patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common of these (24 patients); Staphylococcus aureus (eight), Haemophilus influenzae (four), Klebsiella spp (three), and Legionella pneumophila (three) were all less common. Chlamydial or rickettsial infections (Psittacosis or Q fever) were detected in nine patients. Viral infections were found in 31 patients (22 influenza A, four influenza B, two parainfluenza, and three respiratory syncytial virus). There were 10 patients in whom more than one pathogen was identified. In 107 patients no pathogens could be identified. Seventy-five per cent of these patients had either received antibiotics before entering hospital, or were unable to produce any sputum for culture. The incidence of bacterial pneumonia has probably therefore been underestimated. Nevertheless this survey does emphasise the importance of M pneumoniae as a pathogen in patients with pneumonia presenting to hospital. PMID- 7314032 TI - Follow-up study of disability among elderly patients discharged from hospital with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - Chronic bronchitis is a common reason for admitting an old person to hospital. Government statistics measure the impact of admission only in terms of mortality. A follow-up study of disability among the elderly admitted to hospital wih an exacerbation of chronic bronchitis is described. One month after discharge about 30% of patients were unable to walk as far on the flat or climb as many steps as they did before admission and 90% were unable to do all previous household chores or social activities. After a further two months, although the proportion of patients unable to do all previous household chores or social activities had decreased significantly the proportion with restricted ambulation or ability to climb stairs had not decreased. The proportion of patients admitting to anxiety or depression and being dissatisfied with their progress also remained high. We conclude that there is a need for graduated rehabilitation programmes, which have been shown to increase the walking distance of elderly bronchitics, to be extended to cover all aspects of disability and for home rehabilitation to become an integral part of the care of all elderly bronchitics discharged from hospital. PMID- 7314033 TI - Surgical management of pericarditis in Zaria, Nigeria. AB - Over eight years, 58 rural Nigerians with pericarditis were treated surgically in Zaria using basic surgical facilities. Eighteen patients had purulent pericarditis, associated with staphylococcal pneumonia in children, or pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. Treatment with antibiotics and prompt pericardiectomy appeared to be superior to drainage, since a quarter of those initially treated with surgical drainage developed early constriction and required pericardiectomy soon after. Thirteen patients had chronic pericardial effusions, of whom one had epicardial constriction and two had cardiomyopathy. Twenty-seven patients had chronic constrictive pericarditis but tuberculosis was confirmed histologically in three only. Echocardiographic findings remained unchanged in five patients evaluated before and after pericardiectomy. Eight of the 13 patients who died had already developed myocardial or hepatic insufficiency before operation, because of late presentation or diagnosis. Greater awareness of the significance of precordial pain in this rural population where ischaemic heart disease is rare would help in making an earlier diagnosis. PMID- 7314034 TI - Hyperventilation or exercise to induce asthma? AB - Bronchoconstriction was induced in asthmatic patients by means of isocapnic hyperventilation with dry air. Responses both within a day and between days did not differ significantly and corresponded closely with those observed after exercise. The mean fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) observed with both techniques was equivalent to 36%. Isocapnic hyperventilation with dry air, as used in this study, was a potent stimulus and provoked a reproducible response. The method was physically less demanding than exercise and was more acceptable to patients. PMID- 7314035 TI - Small pulmonary arteries in some natives of La Paz, Bolivia. AB - A histological study was made of the small pulmonary blood vessels in pieces of lung obtained at necropsy from 19 long-term residents of La Paz, Bolivia (3800 m). There was variation in the response of the pulmonary vasculature of these subjects to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude. The most characteristic finding, seen in seven of the 16 cases beyond infancy, was distal extension of vascular smooth muscle into pulmonary arterioles as small as 20 micrometer in diameter. Medial hypertrophy of the muscular pulmonary arteries occurred in only three of these seven subjects. Intimal fibrosis was seen in eight of the 19 cases and was ascribed to age; such fibrotic proliferation may affect the reversibility of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and associated vascular changes in highlanders. PMID- 7314036 TI - Effect of tobacco smoke exposure on rat tracheal submucosal glands: an ultrastructural study. AB - The ultrastructural appearance of rat tracheal submucosal glands after exposure to tobacco smoke for up to two years is described. Within the mucous cells many of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae were grossly dilated with an accumulation of amorphous, electron-lucent material. The Golgi zones were prominent, and the secretion granules often contained dense cores, and appeared to have coalesced. Histochemically, increased amounts of sulphated mucus were present in exposed rats. Serous, ciliated, and myoepithelial cells were unaffected by smoke exposure. PMID- 7314037 TI - Pleural effusion associated with urinary tract obstruction: support for a hypothesis. PMID- 7314038 TI - Familial sarcoidosis presenting with stridor. PMID- 7314039 TI - Coexisting congenital primary superior vena caval aneurysm and rheumatic mitral stenosis. PMID- 7314040 TI - Nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency in cystic fibrosis compared with sinusitis and bronchiectasis. AB - Nasal ciliary function and mucociliary clearance were studied in patients with cystic fibrosis and in three control groups. Ciliary beat frequency and nasal clearance time were measured in groups of 10 subjects with cystic fibrosis, sinusitis and bronchiectasis and age and sex-matched control subjects. Ciliary beat frequency was also measured in normal subjects matched as bronchiectasis controls. Cystic fibrosis patients and their controls, patients with sinusitis, and the bronchiectasis controls did not differ in ciliary beat frequency, but it was slower in the patients with bronchiectasis (p less than 0.05). Nasal mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis was slower than in the cystic fibrosis controls (p less than 0.001) and in patients with sinusitis (p less than 0.01). The finding of a normal beat frequency in cystic fibrosis cilia studied in vitro together with abnormal nasal mucociliary clearance measured in vivo in the same patients suggests the existence of an abnormality of mucus in vivo. The innate function of cystic fibrosis cilia, as measured in vitro by beat frequency, is normal. PMID- 7314041 TI - Present outlook in bronchiectasis: clinical and social study and review of factors influencing prognosis. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients with proven bronchiectasis diagnosed at least five years previously were studied to determine the clinical outcome, change in pulmonary function, and degree of social disability. Twenty-two patients had died and the mean duration of follow-up in the survivors was 14 years. The patients who died were characterised by a poorer initial ventilatory capacity than the survivors and cor pulmonale was present in 37% at the time of death. The survivors showed a tendency for improvement in symptoms whether treated surgically or medically. Thirty per cent were better than at diagnosis while only 11% were worse. Measurements of FEV1 and FVC were made at diagnosis and at review, mild airways obstruction being the predominant abnormality. The change in pulmonary function was expressed as the decline in FEV1 in ml/yr. The decline in FEV1 was no greater than expected in 80% of patients and in a further 15% was of the order seen in cigarette smokers with mild airways obstruction. Poor ventilatory capacity was therefore not an important limitation in these patients. Of the survivors 77% had a good work record with less than two weeks loss of work annually from chest illness. The spouses of all married patients were interviewed at home by a trained social worker. Fifty per cent reported no social problem but 46% of spouses found the patient's cough distasteful and 29% of couples had experienced difficulties with normal sexual life. Seven per cent of the patients were severely disabled. While the overall prognosis of our patients was good a minority still have severe physical and social problems as a result of bronchiectasis. PMID- 7314042 TI - Non-malignant asbestos pleural disease. AB - During a 10-year period (1970-79) all patients in Uppsala County found to have pleural changes related to asbestos exposure were followed. The lesions could be divided into four types: parietal pleural plaques, exudative pleurisy, thickening of the visceral pleura, and progressive pleural fibrosis. There were 891 cases. The most common type was parietal plaques, which was seen in 827 patients, some of whom later developed other changes. In 22 types exudation was proven radiologically, and in 84 more cases obliteration of the costo-phrenic angle was seen. The exudations almost all had a benign course, despite sometimes fairly large and bloody effusions. They were practically all symptom-free, being a surprise finding on chest radiography. Thickening of the visceral pleura can only be seen radiologically in the fissures and occurred in a few cases in addition to other changes. In a small group of more heavily exposed individuals, a progressive pleural fibrosis developed, sometimes after an initial effusion. PMID- 7314043 TI - Management of disrupted sternotomy. AB - Seventeen out of 929 consecutive patients (1.8%) who underwent open-heart surgery during the last three years developed dehiscence of the sternotomy. Infection was the most common cause of dehiscence and occurred more often after reopening of the incision to control bleeding or relieve tamponade. We describe a one stage closure which was used in all 17 cases. A successful result was obtained in 16 cases, discharge from hospital occurring between 21 and 51 days after closure. PMID- 7314044 TI - Ferritin, finger clubbing, and lung disease. AB - The serum ferritin concentration has been determined by an immunoradiometric assay in 90 subjects with a variety of pulmonary diseases. No association between ferritin concentrations and finger clubbing has been found in any of the diseases studied. Ferritin levels were significantly raised in the subjects with bronchial carcinoma, but were not useful in monitoring recurrence of the tumour. Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein ferritin concentrations were similar to systemic venous concentrations. It is therefore unlikely that the tumour releases ferritin into the pulmonary circulation. Ferritin levels were raised in patients with acute pneumonias but did not correlate with the total white cell count or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Serum ferritin concentrations were also increased in a variety of chronic lung diseases but were normal in subjects with asbestosis. PMID- 7314045 TI - Liposarcoma of the mediastinum: report of two cases and review of the literature. PMID- 7314046 TI - Hydralazine lung. PMID- 7314047 TI - Bilateral congenital coronary artery fistula. PMID- 7314048 TI - Traumatic chylothorax associated with subarachnoid-pleural fistula. PMID- 7314049 TI - Chylothorax complicating repair of a left diaphragmatic hernia in a neonate. PMID- 7314050 TI - Myopathy and external pulmonary artery compression caused by sarcoidosis. PMID- 7314051 TI - Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in an irishman. PMID- 7314052 TI - Oral VP-16-213 in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 7314053 TI - Coagulation and fibrinolysis study in systemic lupus erythematosus: haematological, urinary and tissue parameters. AB - Haematochemical, urinary and tissue parameters were examined in the elaboration of the coagulation and fibrinolysis profile in 33 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus in different stages of the disease. Coagulation abnormalities varied from hypo- to hyper-coagulability, these being often associated in the same patient, either simultaneously or at different stages of the disease. Activation of coagulation, closely related to the immunological activity of the disease, was present in 80% cases in the acute stage, and 36% of those in the remission stage. The lupus-like anticoagulant was not much involved, and platelets were the prime figures in the haemostatic abnormalities of lupus, those being the preferred target of direct antibody activities, or possibly of immune complexes as well. Activation of the coagulatory cascade is not uncommonly accompanied by a thrombophilic tendency coupled with signs of consumption, this being the expression of a continuously stimulated haemostatic balance. PMID- 7314054 TI - Radiolabeling of fibrinogen using the iodogen technique. AB - The properties of human fibrinogen labeled with 125-Iodine using Iodogen (1, 3, 4, 6-tetrachloro-3 alpha, 6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril) as an oxidizing agent were compared with those of an iodine monochloride labeled counterpart. It was found that thrombin clottability, binding to staphylococci, the relative specific radioactivity of the A alpha, B beta, and gamma chains and in vivo clearance from plasma in rabbits were the same in these two labeled fibrinogen preparations. Labeling efficiency was higher when iodogen was used. It is concluded that human fibrinogen labeled with radioiodine using the Iodogen technique is suitable for studies in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 7314055 TI - The effect of partial splenectomy on platelet production in mice. AB - The effect of total and partial splenectomy on the number and production of circulating platelets was studied in mice. Five days after total and partial splenectomy the number of the peripheral blood platelets increased by 87% and 60%, respectively and the incorporation of 75selenium methionine (75Se-Met) into platelets was enhanced indicating that the thrombocytosis was due to increased platelet production. The results obtained by the two operative procedures were compared. Since previous work from our laboratory has shown that a factor produced by splenic lymphocytes affects the platelet number in mice, it is suggested that the differences in the number of circulating platelets observed in animals after total and partial splenectomy may reflect a difference in the number of spleen lymphocytes removed. PMID- 7314056 TI - Subunit A of factor XIII regulates subunit B plasma concentration. AB - Subunit a of Factor XIII is found absent in homozygotes and reduced in heterozygotes. Since a concomitant reduction of subunit b occurs in these cases, an interaction between the loci controlling the synthesis of the two subunits was suggested. However in the present study we have shown that the administration of subunit a in two totally devoid homozygotes produced an increase of subunit b, reaching the maximum concentration five days after infusion. This strongly suggests that subunit b plasma level is regulated on the subunit a plasma amount. PMID- 7314057 TI - Studies of phospholipid reagents used in coagulation II: factors influencing their sensitivity to heparin. AB - This study demonstrates the many technical variables which exist in the use of APTT reagents to detect and measure heparin. With the same phospholipid reagent different activation regimes produced significant differences in heparin sensitivity. The concentration of phospholipid was also an important influence; decreasing concentration led to increasing sensitivity, and the highest sensitivity was given by omitting the phospholipid altogether. Other factors which influenced the sensitivity to heparin were buffering of the reagents and the presence of oxidation products in the phospholipid. The results emphasize the need for standardisation of at least some of these variables if the APTT is to be used to determine the therapeutic range of heparin. PMID- 7314058 TI - Thermography in the diagnosis of DVT. AB - 161 consecutively admitted medical patients with the clinical suspicion of acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were thermographed and phlebographed in order to study the congruence of these methods. The sensitivity of thermography in the detection of DVT was found to be 99%, whereas the specificity was only 49%. The low specificity is explained by the fact that all thermographs suggestive of DVT were classified as pathologic to keep the sensitivity of the method as high as possible. Patients with dilated veins which may closely resemble DVT on thermography may in these cases give false positive results. Of 76 patients with phlebographically verified DVT, 22% became thermographically normal within 22 days, whereas 78% did not normalize within the mean observation time of 31 days. In another part of the study all medical patients (101) who were residing in our wards during a period of a week were screened by means of thermography. From this unselected group 17 patients were found to have thermographs suggestive of DVT. In 5 of these patients no reason for pathological thermography could be found. Thermography is a cheap and highly sensitive screening method for DVT, but findings of false positives caused by older thromboses and dilated veins are not unusual. The frequency of such false positives may be minimized by performing thermography after exercise. PMID- 7314059 TI - Enhancement of thrombin-induced degradation of phosphatidylcholine in reserpinized rabbit platelets. AB - When 1-(14)C-arachidonic acid-labeled, washed platelets from the reserpinized rabbits were exposed to thrombin, the decrease in radioactivity of phospholipids was significantly stimulated as compared with the control platelets. The increase in radioactivity of fatty acids and their oxygenated metabolites was also stimulated. TLC analysis revealed that the stimulation of the decrease in radioactivity of phospholipids was almost exclusively attributed to that of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and that thrombin induced a slight but significant increase in radioactivity of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the reserpinized platelets. The results suggest that thrombin-induced degradation of PC is enhanced in the reserpinized platelets, and the overproduced fatty acids would be metabolized to the larger amount of oxygenated products which result in the activation of the platelets. Thrombin-induced mobilization of PC to PE in the reserpinized platelet phospholipids was also suggested. PMID- 7314060 TI - Consolidation of platelet aggregates by fibrin despite heparin anticoagulation. PMID- 7314061 TI - Bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis abnormal migration of serum antithrombin III in coumarin-treated patients. PMID- 7314062 TI - Antiprothrombinase and factor II deficiency in a non SLE patient. PMID- 7314063 TI - Distribution of HLA antigens in Zoroastrians. AB - The frequencies of HLA locus A, B and C antigens were determined in a previously unstudied population, the Zoroastrians. The phenotype and gene frequencies for this group are presented and contrasted with the distribution of HLA antigens among the Iranian Moslems. Comparison of the HLA profiles of these two Iranian populations suggests that the present Zoroastrians are a distinct group. PMID- 7314064 TI - HLA dependence of sensitivity to nickel and chromium. AB - A group of patients with cutaneous sensitivity was compared with another group with cement dermatitis who showed sensitivity to chromate. HLA typing for A and B locus antigens demonstrated a 29% incidence of B21 in the nickel sensitive group (control population 4.9%) and the antigen was not found in 16 patients with chromium sensitivity. It is suggested that this may represent a hapten specific HLA dependent immune response in man. PMID- 7314065 TI - H-2 antigen frequencies among wild mice from Chile. AB - Thirty-five wild mice (Mus musculus L.) were captured at four different localities in Chile. The mice were typed for the presence of 15 K-, 11 D-, 14 A-, and two E-region H-2 antigens, using the complement-antibody microcytotoxicity assay. The mice from the sample representing the largest locality had a characteristic antigenic profile distinguishing them from other mouse populations thus far studied. With respect to class I H-2 antigens, the profile was characterized by the presence of antigens H-2K.16, 31, 103, 19, 108, 21, 33, 26, 115, and H-2D.4, 106, 30, 32, 111, 114, and 18 (in order of decreasing antigen frequency), and by the absence of antigens H-2K.15, 17, 20, 113, 116 and H-2D.2, 9, 110, and 112. The profile was, furthermore, characterized by the relatively high frequency of antigens H-2K.16, 31, and H-2D.4 and 106. The profile of class II antigens was also unique to the Chilean population but less conspicuously so than that of the class I antigens. Analysis of antigenic associations suggested that among the 34% blank H-2K alleles there were at least two coding for relatively frequent but as yet unidentified K antigens. Similarly, among the 57% blanks at the H-2D locus there were at least two frequent alleles encoding unidentified D antigens. Analysis of genetic distances suggested similarity between South American mice and mice from coastal regions of Europe. PMID- 7314066 TI - A monoclonal antibody to intestinal alkaline phosphatase made against D98/AH-2 (HeLa) cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody (AAP1) to human intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was produced by immunizing a mouse with D98/AH-2 (HeLa) cells, which produce the enzyme ectopically. The antibody, which did not inhibit enzyme activity using p nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate, was of the IgG2A class and did not show complement-dependent cytotoxicity. In trace binding assays AAP1 bound only to cells that expressed an intestinal-like form of human ALP, including some human intraspecific (D98/AG-2 x human lymphocyte or fibroblast) hybrids. Immunoprecipitation of immune complexes from cell-free extracts of D98/AG-2 cells, using protein A containing S. aureus and AAP1 antibody, resulted in precipitation of all the ALP activity. The precipitated material had a subunit molecular weight of 80,000 daltons, as estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. In non-denaturing conditions, AAP1 antibody prevented the migration of ALP activity into the gel when cell-free extracts were made from human adult or fetal intestine, or D98/AH 2 cells. Similarly, AAP1 could be used to precipitate ALP activity from these extracts but not from extracts of human liver, kidney or placenta. PMID- 7314067 TI - Strong association of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with HLA-DR 3 and MT-2 without involvement of HLA-B 18 and no association to BfF1. AB - The present study investigated the distribution of HLA-antigens and Bf alleles in a group of 21 patients suffering from biopsy proven Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN). A statistically significant increase of HLA-DR3 (76.2%) was detected in the patient group as well as an increase of MT-2 (86%), which is a new supertypic specificity defined within the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop 1980. No association between BfF1 and IMN can be deduced from this study. Only the common Bf alleles (BfFF, BfFS, BfSS) were found in the patient group presented here. Also the previously reported association between HLA-B18 and IMN was not corroborated by this study. Not a single IMN patient typed positive for HLA-B18. Thus the presence of two different HLA-DR-Bf B linkage groups (HLA-DR3/BfF1/HLA-B18 and HLA-DR3/Bf; all alleles/HLA-B8) may point to at least two different immunological mechanisms underlying IMN. PMID- 7314068 TI - Studies on an isolated West Indies population: I. Analysis of HLA genotypes. AB - The transmission of HLA genes was studied in an isolated population of French origin on the lesser Antilles islands in the West Indies. The study of 74 unrelated individuals, 44 of whom were genotyped, was carried out for the alleles of HLA loci: A, B, C and Bf (proactivator factor of properdin). As a result of the founder effect and the inbreeding process, the HLA haplotypes were noted to be less polymorphic than in a French continental population. Two haplotypes: A2, Cw5, B12, BfS and A3, C-, B14, BfF represent 24% of the observed haplotypes, and only 2% of the reference haplotypes in France. No significant excess or deficit of homozygotes was observed at the A and B loci. PMID- 7314069 TI - The HLA antigens of two Negrito populations in the Philippines. AB - HLA antigens were determined for the A, B and C loci among 86 Aetas of west central Luzon and 87 Mamanwas of north-eastern Mindanao, Philippines. The overall antigenic profiles of these two groups were essentially similar to those of other Asian-Pacific populations with some peculiarities in common with Papua New Guineans. However, the results of heterogeneity tests and the comparison of statistically significant phenotypic associations showed a highly significant difference between the Aeta and the Mamanwa groups. It was postulated that the two "Negrito" groups represent different migrations to the Philippines. PMID- 7314070 TI - HLA antigens and keratoacanthoma. PMID- 7314071 TI - HLA and Chinese IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7314072 TI - Evidence for a cerebral cholinergic system and suggested pharmacological patterns of neural organization in the prostomium of the polychaete Nereis virens (SARS). AB - The histological visualization of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on frozen sections of prostomia of Nereis virens indicate a concentration of cholinergic activity in the anterior brain. Components are probably sensory epithelial cells with cholinergic axons entering the brain in cephalic nerves and efferent cholinergic axons to prostomial muscle leaving the brain in the same nerves. There are also subepidermal cholinergic cells that may be second order motor neurons serving epidermal mucous cells. The smaller, second lobe of the corpora pedunculata and its associated vertical fibre tract are CAT(+) and appear continuous, on each side of the cerebral ganglion, with a dorsal and ventral longitudinal bundle of AChE(+) fibers. This system tapers to nothing at the level of the posterior eyes. There is a small AChE(+) component to each optic nerve and AChE is present in the nuchal epithelium. These observations are discussed in relation to earlier studies on aminergic and neurosecretory activity in the same ganglion. PMID- 7314073 TI - Membrane associations between subsurface cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane of rat Sertoli cells. AB - Close membrane associations between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane (ER-PM) occur in specialized regions of the rat Sertoli cell cytoplasm. They are characterized, in freeze fracture replicas, as mesa-like modifications of E membrane fracture faces or as corresponding discoid depressions on P membrane fracture faces. When these structures lie along transitional regions in the membrane fracture plane, they are seen to be complementary, and the space between them to be greatly reduced. These specialized close membrane associations may represent adhesive sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. However, their resemblance to vascular endothelial fenestrae which are known to be sites of increased membrane permeability may suggest other functional roles. PMID- 7314074 TI - Effect of the microtubule disrupting agents, colchicine and vinblastine, on seminiferous tubule structure in the rat. AB - Injections of colchicine or vinblastine were given intratesticularly and rats sacrificed 6 and 12 hr later. Colchicine and vinblastine produced identical morphological patterns of response in the seminiferous tubules resulting in arrest of germcell mitoses and meioses and a rapid depletion of the microtubules normally found within the Sertoli cell. Sloughing of cells into the lumen of seminiferous tubules was the most prominent feature noted. Germ cells and portions of the apical Sertoli cells were frequently sloughed together where they remained in close association. Usually germ cells and associated Sertoli cell fragments were cleaved from the wall of the seminiferous tubule at a level between dissimilar generations of germ cells, e.g. between spermatocytes and spermatids. This selective sloughing probably occurred as the result of the support normally provided by intercellular bridges which link clones of like germ cell types. Sequential steps in the process leading to sloughing of Sertoli-germ cell associations could be inferred from observations made in plastic 1 micrometer sections. Cell sloughing at 12 hr post-injection was generally more extensive. It was frequently noted that germ cells and the apical portions of Sertoli cells had been extruded to the level of the most adluminal tight junctions forming the blood-testis barrier. It was concluded that disruption of Sertoli microtubules was responsible for sloughing of Sertoli fragments and associated germ cells, and that the cytoskeletal support, of the Sertoli cell was, at least in part, dependent upon the integrity of Sertoli microtubules. The Sertoli cell could not round-up after loss of its cytoskeletal support, due to the numerous attachment devices known to link it with various apically positioned germ cells. Thus, the cell was severed at some point along its delicate apical processes, as the consequence of forces produced by the 'rounding-up' process. Long-term sacrifice after vinblastine or colchicine treatment allowed the Sertoli cells to regain microtubules and long processes but not their typical configuration. Spermatogenesis remained severely impaired. PMID- 7314075 TI - Increased autophagy in chloroquine-treated tonic and phasic muscles: an alternative view. AB - Ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques were used to investigate autophagy in the tonic anterior(ALD) and phasic posterior (PLD) latissimus dorsi muscles of the chicken following chloroquine administration. Autophagic vacuoles were seen in the ALD after 1 day of chloroquine administration while no change was seen in the PLD until 3 days. In both muscles, autophagic vacuoles and myeloid bodies were found at the level of the I band. Myeloid bodies usually were found in the longitudinal rows of mitochondria in the ALD muscle. Some, but not all, of the autophagic vacuoles and myeloid bodies were cytochemically acid phosphatase positive, while the portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of both muscles which is normally acid phosphatase positive, while the portion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of both muscles which is normally, acid phosphatase positive was devoid of activity following chloroquine administration. These observations are discussed in regard to accepted mechanisms of autophagy and the possible inhibition of autophagy in skeletal muscle tissue by chloroquine. PMID- 7314076 TI - Hyperpigmented patches in the skin of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens. AB - In the integument of the red-spotted newt there occasionally appear patches of skin which are at the same time melanistic and iridescent. Such hyperpigmented patches have been found on the back, on the tail and on the dorsal surface of both fore and hind limbs. Cytological examination of several such areas revealed the presence of large numbers of chromatophores distributed throughout the dermis. The majority of the chromatophores consisted of atypically large and dendritic melanophores, which contained typical pigment granules. The iridescence resulted from a high incidence of iridophores. Xanthophores also were found in considerable abundance. This extensive and apparently random intermingling of melanophores, iridophores and xanthophores in limited areas constitutes a striking exception to the usual distributional patterns of pigment cells in this animal. PMID- 7314077 TI - Endocytosis of cell-cell junctions and spontaneous cell disaggregation in a cultured human ovarian adenocarcinoma. (COLO 316). AB - Although cultured COLO 316 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells are joined by extensive tight junctions and numerous demosomes in confluent monolayers, viable cells may be spontaneously released into the nutrient medium. Intracytoplasmic vesicles containing tight junctional and desmosomal elements were identified in freeze-fracture and thin section preparations of the released cells and some vesicles exhibited structural signs of degradation. Possible mechanisms for tight junctional and desmosomal interiorization and the possible relationship between junctional interiorization and certain malignant behaviors are discussed. PMID- 7314078 TI - Nuclear pores during the cell cycle in a slime mold, physarum polycephalum. AB - Freeze-fracture and thin sectioning techniques were used to follow in large synchronous plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum the changes in number and distribution of nuclear pores during the cell cycle. Using freeze-fracture, we determined that average pore frequency rises gradually from 14/micrometers(2) of nuclear envelope surface at early S to a value of about 22 just before prophase. Nuclear diameter averaged 3.3 micrometers at early S and increased to 4.3 micrometers at late G2. Calculating nuclear volume and average chromatin volume per nucleus with respect to time in the cell cycle leads to the conclusion that number of nuclear pores appears to be most directly related to amount of chromatin present per nucleus and to be independent of nuclear surface area. PMID- 7314079 TI - The interference effect of simultaneous vocalization on manual reaction time. AB - Simple reaction times (RTs) of the left or right hand with or without simultaneous vocalization were examined in 14 right-handed subjects. RTs of the simultaneous tasks were longer than those of the single tasks and slowing of RT was larger on the manual than vocal response, particularly on the right side. The results are interpreted as reflecting a different mode of processing in the left and right hemispheres. PMID- 7314080 TI - The effect of L-asparaginase on cholesterol biosynthesis. AB - The liver from the Wistar rat was incubated either in the solution of 1 micro Ci acetate-1-14C or 0.1 micro Ci mevalonic acid-2-14C, and incorporations of radioactivity to phospholipid and cholesterol were estimated respectively. The incorporation of labeled acetate to cholesterol in the L-asparaginase-treated rat was significantly lower than that in the controls. However, there were no differences of the incorporation into the mevalonic acid between the study group and the controls. These results suggest that the inhibitory mechanism may exist between the steps of acetate and mevalonic acid. PMID- 7314081 TI - Chemical and biological properties of subfractions of hot-water extract from delipidated BCG. AB - a hog-water extract from delipidated Mycobacterium bovis strains BCG was fractionated by precipitation with ethanol. The chemical and biological properties of the subfractions thus obtained were investigated. A subfraction precipitated at 20% ethanol contained less neutral sugar and more ninhydrin positive substance than other subfractions. Only the guinea pigs that were treated with 20% ethanol-precipitate showed no humoral antibody response to egg white albumin, despite positive skin reaction. The subfractions precipitated at low concentrations of ethanol exhibited a significant antitumor activity in ddY and C3H He mice inoculated intraperitoneally with tumor cells. These results suggest that the hot-water extract from delipidated BCG consists of subfractions with different chemical and biological properties. PMID- 7314082 TI - Mucosal secretion of the duodenum in peptic ulcer disease. AB - Mucosal secretin content of the duodenum was measured using bioptic specimen in healthy controls and patients of peptic ulcer. Immunoreactive secretin in the duodenal mucosa was found greater in healthy controls (7.73 +/- 2.71 ng/mg dry wt., mean +/- S.D.) than in gastric ulcer patients (5.76 +/- 3.51 ng/mg dry wt.) and duodenal ulcer patients (5.54 +/- 2.48 ng/mg dry wt.), but the difference was not significant. There was no significant relationship between mucosal secretin and acid output in these patients. PMID- 7314083 TI - An 18p- syndrome due to 15/18 translocation with facial palsy and deafness. AB - A case of translocation between chromosomes No. 15 and 18 was described. Phenotype of the patient was almost consistent with that of the 18p- syndrome. In addition to the typical feature of 18p- syndrome, he had perceptive deafness, and abducens nerve and facial nerve palsies. Giemsa-binding technique demonstrated patient's karyotype to be 45, XY, -15, -18, +t (15; 18). PMID- 7314084 TI - Asbestos and cancer in the Sennan District of Osaka. AB - The cancer incidence among asbestos workers in the Sennan District and its surrounding of Osaka Prefecture, Japan, and the results of a mass survey in the above area since 1957 were evaluated from view points of epidemiology. During the period from 1953 to 1979, 107 patients with asbestosis were admitted to this Hospital. Twenty-six (24%) of them died of various carcinoma; 21 had lung cancer, 2 pleural mesothelioma and 3 had stomach cancer. Respiratory insufficiency due to pulmonary asbestosis was responsible for 41 deaths (38%). by a cohort survey of the 297 asbestos workers in the same district, 4 cases of lung cancer, and 3 cases of gastric cancer were detected and cases of cohort survey were followed up for 19 years. Fifty-seven (10%) of 556 cases of silicosis and 14 (11%) of 125 cases of pneumoconiosis other than silicosis or asbestosis were found to have lung cancer, but no mesothelioma. These results indicate that lung cancer and mesothelioma are associated more frequently with asbestosis than with non asbestos pneumoconiosis (p less than 0.001 as tested by chi2-test). The standardized mortality ratio of lung and stomach cancer among the inhabitants of the Sennan District was calculated based on the statistics during the period of 10 years (1968-1977). the ratio of observed death to expected death of both cancers was smaller than 1.1, and there was no significant increase of death of lung and stomach cancer, although the risk of lung cancer tended to increase among male inhabitants. Discussions were made on the problems related to asbestos industry. PMID- 7314085 TI - Myocardial oxygen extraction rate under general anesthesia. AB - Myocardial oxygen extraction rates (R) were measured in dogs anesthetized with eight kinds of anesthetic agents to study the balance between myocardial oxygen consumption and its supply under general anesthesia. The R value for basal anesthesia (pentobarbital), original neuroleptanesthesia (Thalamonal), modified neuroleptanesthesia (droperidol and pentazocine), morphine anesthesia or halothane anesthesia was not significantly different from each other, and similar to those for conscious dogs reported by Merin or Spencer. On the other hand, the R values for ether anesthesia, methoxyflurane anesthesia and enflurane anesthesia were significantly lower than those for the above mentioned anesthesia. PMID- 7314086 TI - Histological studies of the mode of origin of tumors. AB - All of the tubular adenocarcinomas of early gastric cancer in humans showed gentle transitions from surrounding normal to neoplastic epithelium. In mammary carcinomas in C3H/He mice, known as viral tumors, there were also transitional appearances from normal to cancer cells. Furthermore, it was possible in rats to trace gradations between normal fibrocytes and sarcoma cells in marginal areas of tumors induced subcutaneously by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). It cannot be explained by the mutation of a few somatic cells that transitions from normal to neoplastic cells were observed not only in viral tumors in mice but also in human carcinomas and in chemically induced tumors in rats. It seems well to think of the mode of origin of all types of tumors as an excessive cellular regeneration to make up for the functional disturbance of cells invaded by oncogenic viruses. PMID- 7314087 TI - Relationship between the radioisotopic footpad assay and other immunological assays in tumor bearing rats. AB - KMT-17, a fibrosarcoma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in a WKA rat, is a sensitive tumor to various kinds of immunological assays and is a suitable model tumor for the study of the immune status in tumor bearing hosts. The antitumor immune response of KMT-17 bearing rats was studied by a radioisotopic footpad assay (FPA) in comparison with other in vivo and in vitro assays. Delayed hypersensitivity to tumor antigens measured by the FPA was observed from the 8th day after transplantation of KMT-17 cells, reached a peak on the 12-15th day, and then declined in the late stage on the 17th day. The kinetics of the FPA correlated well with those of an in vivo Winn assay and of an in vitro lymphocyte cytotoxicity assay (51Cr-release assay). The appearance of an antitumor antibody detected by a complement dependent cytotoxicity test also correlated well with the kinetics of the FPA. A growth inhibition assay (GIA) for non-specific cell mediated immunity also showed similar kinetics to that of the FPA. The delayed hypersensitivity footpad reaction to tumor cell extracts measured by this FPA was tumor-specific. These results suggest that the FPA is a simple and reliable in vivo assay for evaluating antitumor immunity in tumor bearing host. PMID- 7314088 TI - Thickening of basement membrane of muscle capillary in spontaneously diabetic KK mice. AB - In order to clarify the relationship between the thickening of muscle capillary basement membrane (MCBM) and diabetes mellitus, an experimental study was carried out using spontaneously diabetic KK mice. Glucose tolerance tests and the measurements of the width of MCBM were performed in KK mice and DD mice at the age of one week through 16 months. The KK mice, in general, revealed a less increase in body weight, compared with the control mice. Impaired glucose tolerance in the KK mice was observed at the age of 2 weeks and remained for 12 months. The width of MCBM increased in both KK and DD mice with the aging process until 6 months. Thereafter, however, the KK mice revealed a significant increase of the width of MCBM. In both KK mice and DD mice, significant correlations were observed between age and the width of MCBM. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between glucose intolerance figured out as the sum of blood glucose levels and the width of MCBM. The present study suggests that the thickening of MCBM in the KK mice may occur as an aging phenomenon on the one hand and may develop as the consequence of long-term carbohydrate derangement based on genetic disposition on the other hand. PMID- 7314089 TI - The effect of oral administration of amphotericin B on the incorporation of 5 fluorouracil into human gastric cancer tissue. AB - Amphotericin B (AmB)-5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combination therapy against cancer was evaluated when both were given orally. Seven gastric cancer patients were treated in this manner, and 4 gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU alone to serve as the control. AmB syrup and 5-FU syrup were administered orally for 3 days before surgical operation. Then, the drugs were given through a gastric tube into the stomach 4 hr before the start of the gastric surgery. Lesion tissues and healthy tissues were collected from each patient and the 5-FU titers were measured by bioassay. It was shown in the majority of the gastric cancer cases that the 5-FU levels in the lesion tissues were substantially higher than those in the surrounding normal tissues, whereas in the gastric cancer patients who received 5 FU alone, most of the lesion tissues showed lower 5-FU content as compared with that of the surrounding tissues. PMID- 7314090 TI - Elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase during pindolol treatment. AB - We observed elevation of serum CPK in hypertensive patients under pindolol treatment. In this report, we showed a representative patient and compared serum CPK values in 56 patients under pindolol treatment to those in 64 patients under propranolol treatment. Mean serum CPK values in the patients under pindolol treatment and propranolol treatment were 117.0 +/- 12.6 (S.E.) and 50.8 +/- 3.8 IU/liter, respectively (p less than 0.01). Although the mechanism of elevation of serum CPK cannot be well understood, we should be careful in clinical evaluation of serum CPK during pindolol treatment. PMID- 7314092 TI - Stomach ulcer and lysosomal cathepsin. AB - Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by i.m. injections of vitamin A, and i.p. injection of histamine, or injections of both vitamin A and histamine. The incidence of ulcer formation was highest in the vitamin A-histamine group. However, ulcer formation also occurred after the administration of vitamin A alone as a lysosomal labilizer. Furthermore, the vitamin A-histamine group showed a remarkably elevated cathepsin activity in the tissue of gastric wall. In the experiments of ulcer formation by vitamin A injections, the specific activity and the enzyme release of cathepsin were elevated already in the early stage after vitamin A administration. Consequently, cathepsin activity in stomach juice was remarkably elevated in the stage of the ulcer formation. In the clinic, the cathepsin activity in the mucous membrane of human gastric wall was remarkably high in the antrum and the angulus of the stomach, in which ulcer formation tends to occur most frequently. In view of these results, cathepsin in the stomach seems to play an important role in the formation of gastric ulcers. PMID- 7314091 TI - Studies on prolidase deficiency with a possible defect in collagen metabolism. AB - Skin collagen of a female patient with prolidase deficiency was examined for the distribution of borohydride-reducible cross-links and the proportion of type III to type I collagen. Patient's skin contained after reduction more dihydroxylysinonorleucine relative to hydroxylysinonorleucine and type III collagen than expected for normally matured skin. These findings suggest that collagen of the patient's skin failed to follow a time-related normal maturation process and the collagen metabolism was disturbed. The composition of urinary collagen metabolites was also unusual. On the the other hand, her asymptomatic brother with prolidase deficiency showed the normal urinary compositon of collagen matabolites. It is suggested that prolidase deficiency and defect in collagen metabolism independent of it are both responsible for clinical manifestation. PMID- 7314093 TI - Effects of inducer of liver drug-metabolizing enzyme on blood level of active metabolites of cyclophosphamide in rats and in cancer patients. AB - It was already reported that a masked compound, cyclophosphamide (Endoxan, EX) undergoes the first step metabolism by a drug-metabolizing enzyme in liver microsomes, cytochrome P-450. By pretreatment with phenobarbital as an inducer of P-450, the maximum blood level of active metabolites of EX (normustard-like substances) in normal rats was 2.3 times higher than that in non-treated rats, in conformity with the increase in amount of liver P-450 and in alkylating activity of EX. In YS (Yoshida sarcoma)-bearing rats, the value of liver P-450 went down day by day to 1/2 on the 4th day after inoculation, but it remained normal when animals were pretreated with phenobarbital. In parallel with this, the blood level of normustard-like substances after EX administration was normal or showed a tendency toward increase. In 11 clinical cases pretreated with phenobarbital, the blood level of normustard-like substances 1 to 3 hr after EX administration, at the time when it reaches the peak was 1.5 times higher on an average than that in cases without pretreatment. PMID- 7314094 TI - Effect of isoproterenol on regional pulmonary perfusion and its blockade by propranolol. AB - Effects of isoproterenol and propranolol on regional pulmonary perfusion were assessed in the dog. In each experiment the right upper lobe was isolated in vivo by a balloon catheter and artificially ventilated with nitrogen, air or 60% oxygen in nitrogen before and after administration of the medicaments listed above. The rest of the lungs kept breathing air spontaneously. Following administration of isoproterenol regional pulmonary perfusion increased in the hypoxic right upper lobe induced by artificial ventilation with nitrogen, but the increase was not observed when isoproterenol was administered following pretreatment with propranolol. Administration of propranolol alone did not induce any change in regional pulmonary perfusion distribution. When artificial ventilation was done in the right upper lobe either with air or 60% oxygen in nitrogen, thus inducing regional less hypoxia or hyperoxia, no change in regional perfusion was observed with any of the medication. Thus isoproterenol reversed regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, but its action was blocked by pretreatment with propranolol. Propranolol per se, however, showed no effect on pulmonary vascular responses to the different alveolar oxygen tensions. PMID- 7314095 TI - Effect of dopamine on regional pulmonary perfusion. AB - Dopamine effect on regional pulmonary perfusion in the right upper lobe was studied in 6 dogs in which the lobe was isolated by a balloon catheter and artificially ventilated with nitrogen, air or 60% oxygen in nitrogen, while the rest of the lungs was allowed spontaneous air respiration. Dopamine was administered at the rate of 20 micrograms/kg/min. Each dog served as its own control. There was no change in the regional vascular responses to the different alveolar oxygen tensions in the right upper lobe before and after dopamine administration. PMID- 7314096 TI - Delineation of voluntary movement in Parkinson's disease with the manual control system. AB - An assessment of the dynamic characteristics of voluntary movement in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease and 20 normal subjects was performed by the manual control system. The following eight parameters were estimated and mapped on the plane with eight axes: gain constant between the input and the output, cut frequency for evaluation of the frequency response of human operator, dead time, square error, correlation coefficient, and three different points of coherency for the measurement of the linearity of human operation. In Parkinson's disease, we found a low gain constant of 8.34 +/- 9.64 dB (mean +/- S.D.) (26.5 +/- 2.12 in controls), a narrow cut frequency of 1.08 +/- 0.91 radians/sec (5.65 +2- 1.25), a long dead time of 0.79 +/- 0.27 sec (0.19 +/- 0.05), a large square error, a low correlation coefficient, and low points of coherency. Among the eight parameters, the gain constant and the dead time proved to be the most useful for quantitative assessment of motor disability for this disorder. Our method promises to be valuable to confirm the effects of drug therapy and the progression of the disease. PMID- 7314097 TI - Electron microscopic studies on cell-sized bilayer liposomes. AB - Cell-sized bilayer liposomes have been visualized directly in the electron microscope by a thin section method. Fixation in lanthanum nitrate plus potassium permanganate has made this visualization possible. Trilamellar images were seen in thin sections of the fixed liposomes; measurements made from microdensitometer tracings revealed a thickness (peak-to-peak distance) ranging from 25.3 to 55.3 A. The mean peak-to-peak distance of 35.6 +/- 8.2 A (+/- S.D.) was in good agreement with the value obtained by Robertson from typical myelin figures. PMID- 7314098 TI - Treatment of esophageal cancer with high dose rate intracavitary irradiation. AB - Fifteen patients with esophageal cancer were treated with high dose rate intracavitary irradiation from a small radioactive source. The apparatus used for the intracavitary irradiation consisted of a remote-control intracavitary irradiation apparatus with small high intensity source (Ralstron, Shimazu Co.) and a transfer tube of radioactive source. Since the field size of irradiation was various, the most suitable program was set up at the depth of 0.5 cm from the inner surface of the esophagus. 13 fresh cases were treated with high dose rate intracavitary irradiation of 1000-2750 rads (0.5 cm below the inner surface) after external irradiation of ca. 5000 rads with Linac x-ray. As a result, 7 cases survived 1 year and 1 case 2 years. Local recurrence was seen in 5 out of 7 cases surviving 1 year. 2 recurrence cases after radical external irradiation showed improvement on x-ray picture through intracavitary irradiation. PMID- 7314099 TI - An organ culture method for glandular stomach of new born rat. AB - An organ culture system has been developed for he long-term maintenance of the glandular stomach of new born Wistar rats. The explants from glandular stomach were cultured on Millipore filter in an organ culture dish with various media consisting of sera, buffers and additives under different gas phases of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen at 37 or 24 degrees C. The culture condition was evaluated by histological examination of explants and was divided into Grade (+++), (++), (+) and (-) depending upon the morphology and growth of the mucosal epithelium. D-MEM plus fetal calf serum (20%) supplemented with hydrocortisone (10 microgram/ml) or dexamethasone (5 microgram/ml) buffered with sodium bicarbonate and Hepes under a gas phase of O2 (95%)+CO2(5%) or (2(45%)+CO2(5%)+N2(50%) at 37 degrees C showed the best result. Other supplements tested, such as insulin, ascorbic acid and ferrous sulfate were ineffective. Addition of hydrocortisone or dexamethasone was similarly effective in serum-free media. Isologous rat serum had no advantage over fetal calf serum. Transplantation and autoradiography revealed the viability of the explants up to 35 days in vitro. PMID- 7314100 TI - Fat tolerance test in pregnancy: Intralipid loading test. AB - Hyperlipemia occurs during pregnancy. The present study deals with lipid metabolism in the female by comparing the response of the pregnant with that of non-pregnant females to a lipid loading test with 10% Intralipid given intravenously. The results were: (i) Exogenous and endogenous triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher inthe pregnant group. (ii) The K2 value was significantly lower in the pregnant group. (iii) The level of FFA in the non pregnant group rose rapidly 5 min after Intralipid load. In contrast, the pregnant group showed a gradual rise which reached a maximum one hr after administration of Intralipid. The delay of the lipid metabolism during pregnancy might be one of the reason of hyperlipemia. PMID- 7314102 TI - A model of malignant urinary bladder tumor in rabbits. AB - We attempted to produce a malignant urinary bladder tumor in rabbits by transplanting tumor cells. Each of 51 male mixed-bred rabbits received 0.3 ml V2 carcinoma cell suspension. The transplantation was done after laparotomy via injection into the bladder wall. Within 2 weeks malignant tumors were observed in the bladder. Without any manipulation to the mucosa, all of the tumors were led to exulceration into the bladder lumen. The incidence of malignant tumor reached 96 per cent. Metastases in these animals were seen in the lungs and para-aortic lymph nodes. This malignant tumor model seems especially suitable for the study of new methods of transurethral treatment of bladder cancer. PMID- 7314101 TI - Radioaerosol inhalation lung cine-scintigraphy: a preliminary report. AB - "Radioaerosol inhalation lung cine-scintigraphy", a cinematographic display of the lungs following radioaerosol inhalation has been found to be extremely helpful not only to the visual assessment of mucociliary clearance in the lungs but also to the setting of regions of interest and to the interpretation and analysis of clearance curves over the regions of interest in the lungs. It is expected that this procedure offers an important means to the study of mucociliary clearance in health and disease in man. PMID- 7314103 TI - Coronary artery constriction by oxygen breathing in patients with coronary disease. AB - This study was conducted to find whether or not oxygen breathing induces coronary vasoconstriction in diseased as well as in normal coronary arteries. Coronary angiograms were repeated in 14 patients with coronary artery disease during successive air and oxygen breathings and the diameters of the coronary arteries as displayed by film projection were measured and compared. Arterial oxygen tension was elevated from 91.3 +/- 16.8 to 457.2 +/- 26.5 mmHg by oxygen breathing but was not accompanied by any significant changes in mean arterial pressure. The diameters of coronary arteries without significant narrowing were reduced from 2.89 +/- 1.05 to 2.65 +/- 1.02 mm by oxygen breathing (a decrease of 8.9 +/- 7.0%) and that of coronary arteries distal to a narrowing of more than 50% was reduced from 2.24 +/- 0.53 to 2.02 +/- 0.57 mm (a decrease of 10.1 +/- 10.7%). These findings suggest that oxygen breathing and constrict a large coronary artery even if it has atherosclerotic lesions and the myocardium needs more flow. PMID- 7314105 TI - Association of HLA with humoral immune responses. AB - The association of HLA with humoral immune responsiveness to various common antigens was studied. Increased frequencies of HLA-A2 in the higher cold agglutinin group and of B5 in the lower heterophil antibody group were observed. But these increases were not statistically significant. Although simple phenotype frequency of neither A9 nor B5 was associated with any group studied, the positive linkage disequilibrium for haplotype of A9-B5 was observed in the higher antibody titer groups of anti-streptolysin O, cold agglutinin and heterophil antibody and in the anti-HBs antigen negative group as well as in the general Japanese population. These results suggest that there may be humoral immune response and/or suppressive genes linked to the chromosomal area where the genes coding A9-B5 exist. PMID- 7314104 TI - Prophylaxis of bacterial infection by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) during chemotherapy in patients with childhood acute leukemia. AB - A combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was given orally to 13 children with acute leukemia on 16 occasions of hospitalization during remission induction chemotherapy for the prophylaxis of bacterial infection. Frequency of episodes of persistent fever in this group of patients was markedly low, namely 0.38 per one hospitalization, whereas that in control group which was given no drug was 0.98. Furthermore, frequency of episodes of definite bacterial infection in the patients given SMX-TMP was 0.25 per one hospitalization. This was significantly low as compared with control patients whose frequency was 0.84. Although, there occurred slight rash and liver dysfunction as the side effects, they were reversible. These results suggest that the prophylactic use of SMX-TMP in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy is effective and valuable for the protection from bacterial infection. PMID- 7314106 TI - Dependence of reaction time on visual fields in patients with unilateral hemispheric lesions. AB - Reaction times (RTs) to light stimuli which appeared at central and lateral positions were measured in 13 normal subjects and 34 patients with unilateral lesions in the left or the right hemisphere. The normal subjects showed slowing of RTs to both lateral stimuli compared to the central stimulus, the extent of which was equal between the left and right hands. The patients with left hemispheric lesions had slower RTs to the stimulus contralaterally to the lesion than ipsilaterally and centrally. The patients with right hemispheric lesions had slower RTs both to the contralateral and central stimuli than to the ipsilateral. The results are discussed in relation to functional differentiation of the left and right hemispheres for visual processing. PMID- 7314107 TI - Impaired leukocyte mobility and production of monocyte-derived granulotactic factor in pediatric malignant disease during chemotherapy. AB - Random mobility and chemotactic responses of granulocytes and monocytes, and production of monocyte-derived chemotactic factor for granulocytes (CFG) in the 17 patients with childhood malignant disease were estimated using an agarose plate method. Mononuclear cells (MNC) of the majority of the patients contained a significantly decreased number of monocytes with normal migratory capacity, whereas random mobility of granulocytes of all the patients was within normal range. Chemotactic responses of granulocytes and monocytes to zymosan activated serum (ZAS) were decreased in 11 to 17 occasions. All these impairments seemed to be induced by chemotherapeutic agents, because there were no differences in the degree of the impairment between group in remission with maintenance chemotherapy and that during induction chemotherapy. PMID- 7314108 TI - Cytoplasmic microtubules of rat ascites hepatoma cells. AB - Cytoplasmic microtubules of 4 strains of rat ascites hepatoma cells including YS, AH 66F, AH 130 and AH 100B were investigated electron microscopically. Microtubules were clearly demonstrated when the cells were fixed at 20 degrees C or 37 degrees C and stained by tannic acid. Morphology, localization and volume density (AH 130 greater than AH 66F greater than YS greater than AH 100B) of microtubules were examined comparatively in these 4 strains and correlation between microtubules and cell deformability was discussed. PMID- 7314109 TI - The suppressive effect of meperidine on PHA-stimulated transformation of human lymphocytes. AB - The effect of meperidine on the response of human peripheral lymphocyte in culture to the stimulation by the mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, was studied by measuring the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA. The addition of meperidine at a high concentration (40-200 micrograms/ml) resulted in significant decrease in response to mitogen, the inhibition being dose-dependent. Meperidine may influence immune responses by altering DNA synthesis in the lymphocytes. PMID- 7314110 TI - Establishment of pigmented melanocyte culture strain from Harding-Passey melanoma. AB - A cultured cell strain of melanotic melanoma was established from Harding-Passey mouse melanoma. The established cells proliferated as a monolayer culture and actively produced melanin pigment. Under an electron microscope, these cells showed the typical characteristic features of the melanocyte. When a cell suspension was inoculated into Swiss mice, they developed typical melanocytic tumors which closely resembled the original melanomas. PMID- 7314111 TI - Disturbances of rhythm formation in patients with hemispheric lesion. AB - A total of 191 patients with hemispheric lesion mainly due to CVD were examined by the finger-tapping test, and their disturbances of rhythm formation, 'hastening phenomenon' (HP), were compared with those of Parkinson's disease. HP was observed in 56% of the right and 49% of the left hemiplegic patients. HP in the intact hand of the patient was highly correlated with that of the affected hand. CT scans were examined in 86 of 191 patients, and HP was specifically correlated with unilateral striatal lesions. Thus, the disturbances of rhythm formation in hemiplegia, together with those in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, SND and OPCA, were attributed either to organic or functional deficits in the striatum. PMID- 7314112 TI - The effect of RES blockade on red blood cell survival. AB - The effect of RES blockade on the survival of heat-damaged and antibody coated red blood cells was evaluated in C3H mice. RES function of C3H mice was determined by the survival of 59Fe-labeled, heat-damaged red blood cells at 49 degrees C for 30 min. When animals were treated with an intravenous injection of non-labeled, heat-damaged red blood cells for the blockade of RES, red blood cell destruction was depressed in non-splenectomized and splenectomized mice. In the survival or organ distribution of 59Fe-labeled, antibody-coated red blood cells, no difference was noted between animals with and without blockade. These findings suggest that heat-damaged red blood cells were destructed predominantly in the splenic RES and antibody coated cells were not broken down only by the splenic RES. PMID- 7314113 TI - Heterotransplantation of human esophageal carcinoma to nude mice. AB - Transplantation to nude mice of 38 tumors originating from 36 human esophageal carcinomas was attempted. Growth of the grafts was obtained in 17 cases and 3 to 11 serial passages were performed in 4 cases. Tumors inoculated into subcutaneous tissue grew locally, but no metastasis nor local invasions were observed. The histological appearances of the grafts were similar to original tumors. PMID- 7314114 TI - Hormonal effects on the sulfation of sulfated glycoconjugates in the uterine endometrium of non-ovariectomized rabbit. AB - A particulate fraction was separated from endometrial scrapings of uterus of hormone-treated non-ovariectomized or intact rabbit. The effects of ovarial hormones on the incorporation of [35S]sulfate from 3'-[35S]phosphoadenosine 5' phosphosulfate (PAPs) into endogenous acceptors in the particulate fractions were studied. Treatment of the animal with estrogen elevated the incorporation of [35S]sulfate, but exogenous progesterone suppressed this effect. The results of DEAE-Sephadex A-25 (Cl- form) column chromatography of the pronase digest of the 35S-labeled substances indicated that all the subfractions were sensitive to the hormones. The present observations, together with previous findings, suggest that the sulfation of sulfated glycoconjugates in the particulate fractions is stimulated by exogenous estrogen, but exogenous progesterone suppressed this effect, and also that endogenous ovarial hormones exert little influence on the effects of the present doses of these exogenous hormones on the sulfation. Therefore, non-ovariectomized rabbit can be used for rough evaluation of the effects of regular doses of these exogenous hormones on the sulfation of sulfated glycoconjugates in the uterine endometrium. PMID- 7314115 TI - A finite deformation theory of intravesical pressure and mural stress of the urinary bladder. AB - The urinary bladder is assumed to be an incompressible isotropic material like a rubber. Then, by making use of the finite deformation theory for such a hyperelastic continuum, we have calculated the intravesical pressure and the mural stress of the bladder as a function of its volume. The formula for the mural stress contains two parameters. These parameters are determined by the uniaxial extension test of the dog bladder sample. The calculation result shows that the pressure is relatively flat while the stress continues to rise with the volume. This is the typical behavior in the normal living cystometrogram. From these analysis, therefore, we conclude that such a behavior comes from the elasticity of the bladder itself, and requires no explanation in terms of reflex inhibitory relaxation. PMID- 7314116 TI - Endoscopic gastric polypectomy using high frequency current: its significance for total biopsy of gastric polyp. AB - Endoscopic polypectomy using high frequency current was performed for 281 out of 345 gastric polyps (230 cases), while the remaining 64 small polyps were cauterized. Histopathologic examinations carried out in 274 out of the 281 polypectomized polyps confirmed gastritis polyposa in 41 lesions, hyperplastic polyps in 216 including 3 cases of neoplasm, atypical epithelium in 4, submucosal tumor in 2, and polypoid cancer in 1. This procedure of endoscopic polypectomy has proved to enable histologic examination of a polyp as a whole, and to allow a highly risk-free endoscopic treatment of polyps. In the currently observed 216 hyperplastic polyps, 3(1.4%) were found to have neoplastic changes. PMID- 7314117 TI - Atypical gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina and iminoglycinuria. AB - A 44-year-old woman with atypical gyrate atrophy and iminoglycinuria was described. The serum ornithine level and ornithine-ketoacid transaminase (OKT) activity were both normal. Urinary excretion of proline, hydroxyproline and glycine was markedly increased. This finding, together with the existence of gyrate atrophy with hyperornithinemia due to OKT deficiency, suggests that proline deficiency in the chorioretinal tissues may concern the development of gyrate atrophy. PMID- 7314118 TI - Induction of metallothionein by adrenocortical steroids. AB - Metallothionein concentration in the liver of hamsters was increased by the administration of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone. However, the increase was of a low order of magnitude (40-80%) in comparison to the large increase seen after zinc and cadmium administration (700-2000%). These data suggest that the small increase in metallothionein seen after various forms of stress could be mediated by the endogenous release of adrenocortical steroids and that the large increase exposure to cadmium or zinc is unlikely to be mediated via adrenocortical steroid hormones. PMID- 7314119 TI - The effect of indomethacin, prednisolone and cis-4-hydroxyproline on pulmonary fibrosis produced by butylated hydroxytoluene and oxygen. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine whether development of pulmonary fibrosis in mice could be influenced by indomethacin, prednisolone or a proline analog. Pulmonary fibrosis was produced in mice treated with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) 400 mg/kg and immediately exposed to 80% oxygen for 3 days. This treatment regimen resulted in 47% mortality. Surviving mice exhibited significant accumulations of pulmonary collagen as evidenced by increases in total lung hydroxyproline levels. The administration of indomethacin (4 mg/kg/day) on days 1-6 after BHT decreased mortality to 14% and diminished the accumulation of collagen in lung tissue. Indomethacin also enhanced survival when administered on days 1-3 after BHT/O2 but had no effect on lung collagen levels. Treatment with indomethacin on days 4-6 after BHT had no beneficial effect. The administration of prednisolone (60 mg/kg/day) on days 1-3, 1-6, or 4-6 after BHT decreased mortality but had no effect on accumulation of lung collagen. Cis-4 hydroxyproline (400 mg/kg/day) also had no effect on pulmonary fibrosis but did enhance survival when given on days 1-3 after BHT. Administering prednisolone (60 mg/kg/day) on days 1-6 after BHT to mice left in room air produced significantly more pulmonary fibrosis than in BHT-treated mice given saline. These data support the use of the BHT/O2 model of pulmonary fibrosis for screening potential antifibrotic agents. The possibility that corticosteroid treatment may enhance pulmonary fibrosis in a damaged lung is also demonstrated. PMID- 7314120 TI - Transfer of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to the mouse embryo and fetus. AB - (1) Following the administration of the highly toxic agent 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to pregnant mice, exceedingly low concentrations of this substance were found in the embryo and fetus between gestational days 11 and 18 (between 0.04 and 0.14% of the maternal dose/g tissue). (2) Tissue levels of tCDD in embryos on days 9 and 10 exceeded those of later gestational stages. (3) TCDD levels in fetal livers were 2--4 times higher than those in other fetal organs. (4) Maternal liver contained the highest concentrations of TCDD (4 -10% of the dose/g). A comparison of the results obtained following oral, s.c. and i.p. applications indicated that there was no major first pass effect involved following oral administration. (5) Placenta and other extrahepatic maternal organs exhibited TCDD levels, which were approximately 1, embryos and features 2 orders of magnitude lower than maternal liver concentrations. (6) Good correlation was found between the doses applied (5, 12.5 and 25 microgram/kg) and the tissue levels observed. (7) A single dose of 25 microgram/kg given on day 10 or 5 doses of 5 microgram/kg, 1/day from days 7-11, resulted in higher levels of TCDD in embryos on day 13 than did a singly dose of 25 microgram/kg on day 7; cleft palate was induced at different rates by these treatment schedules. PMID- 7314121 TI - Cigarette smoking by baboons: in vivo assessment of particulate inhalation using bronchoalveolar lavage to recover [14C]dotriacontane. AB - In order to demonstrate quantitatively that cigarette-smoking baboons inhale particulate matter into the lung, a bronchoalveolar lavage method for recovery of [14C]dotriacontane was developed. First, 9 baboons were exposed to a known dose of [14C]dotriacontane labeled particulate matter delivered in a manner providing extensive deposition of particulates in the lung. The lungs of these passively exposed animals then were lavaged so that the efficiency of recovery of the standardized lavage procedure could be determined. Second, 9 baboons actively smoked labeled cigarettes, and the lungs of these animals were lavaged to recover labeled [14C]dotriacontane. The total amount of particulate matter present in the lungs was estimated using the efficiency factor previously determined. The smoking baboons retained an average of 9% of he total cigarette particulate matter. Differences among animals in retention of particulate matter were considerable, and the inter-animal variability was related to differences in number, volume, duration, and pressure of puffs. The retention of particulate matter by baboons is similar to particulate retention by other animal smoke inhalation models. PMID- 7314122 TI - The relationship of dietary protein to metallothionein and cadmium-induced renal damage. AB - The effect of dietary protein on the concentration of kidney metallothionein and cadmium in relationship to renal damage was investigated. Rats fed a low-protein diet accumulated significantly less cadmium in the kidney, liver, lung, and small intestine than rats fed a normal or high-protein diet. Metallothionein synthesis and/or storage was significantly reduced in rats fed the low-protein diet compared with rats fed the normal or high-protein diet. In rats fed the high protein diet extensive proximal renal tubular necrosis was observed when kidney cadmium was below 200 microgram/g wet weight and metallothionein was above 740 microgram/g wet weight. Proximal tubular necrosis was slight to moderate in rats fed the normal or low-protein diet, which correlated with relatively low levels of cadmium and metallothionein in the kidney. These studies show that dietary protein affects the tissue level of both cadmium and metallothionein. The results also demonstrate that extensive renal damage can occur when the level of kidney cadmium is below the suggested critical concentration of 200 microgram/g wet weight. Based on studies which show the nephrotoxic effects of cadmium metallothionein and results of the present experiments, we suggest that the concentration of this complex in the kidney is of greater pathological importance that the level of kidney cadmium. PMID- 7314123 TI - Embryotoxic effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in mice. AB - An embryotoxicity study on ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGM) was carried out in ICR mice. They were given EGM daily at 6 dose levels (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg body wt) by gastric intubation on days 7 through 14 of gestation. On day 18 of gestation all fetuses were examined. Marked and dose related embryotoxic effects were observed. Skeletal and gross anomalies, reduced fetal weight and fetal death were all observed at lower dosages of EGM, while marked leucopenia of the dams occurred at the highest dose. PMID- 7314124 TI - The use of horseradish peroxidase to demonstrate degenerate cells in rat larynx after acute tobacco smoke exposure. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was administered topically to laryngeal epithelia of rats exposed to tobacco smoke for a single 20-min period. The HRP demonstrated the distribution of degenerate and/or injured cells. These cells were specifically located in the ciliated epithelium in the ventrolateral region, at the base of the epiglottis. PMID- 7314126 TI - Effect of nickel(II) on urinary and plasma concentrations of alpha-amino acids in rats. PMID- 7314125 TI - Inorganic tin in the diet affects the femur in rats. AB - The effects of dietary levels (10, 50, 100 and 250 ppm tin) of stannous chloride on the femur were studied for 90 days on weanling male rats. The 100 and 250 ppm tin (Sn) caused significant decreases in serum calcium (Ca) and serum inorganic phosphorus (P), Ca content in the femoral diaphysis and epiphysis, and acid phosphatase activity in the femoral epiphysis. 50 ppm Sn produced significant reduction of serum Ca concentration and Ca content in the femoral epiphysis. These significant decreases were not observed with 10 ppm Sn. These results suggest that the maximal allowable concentration of inorganic Sn contained in a diet would be less than 50 ppm Sn. PMID- 7314127 TI - Elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine in goat milk. AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine (TCDD) 200 ng/day, was given orally to 7 goats for 2 months, followed by an elimination period of 1 month. Then a daily dose of 400 ng TCDD was given for 1 month to the same animals. Two animals were killed and the rest of the animals were observed for several months. The excretion of TCDD in milk was studied by glass capillary gas fragmentography, where the minimal detectable concentration was below 5 ppt. After the first feeding the concentration of TCDD in milk achieved a maximum of 20.8 +/- 6.6 ppt while a similar value of 19.3 +/- 6.6 ppt was observed after the second feeding. After this period, the concentration of TCDD decreased slowly with values, after 18 weeks, of 4, 2 +/-, 3 and 6 ppt. The concentration of TCDD in the liver in the two animals killed was 1039.0 and 898.0 ppt. There were no differences in clinical observations or blood and urine analyses when experimental animals were compared with controls. PMID- 7314128 TI - Influence of 2,4-dinitrophenol on the susceptibility of rats to hepatotoxic injury. AB - Treatment of rats with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) markedly enhanced the release of enzymes into serum induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). DNP also aggravated the hepatotoxic response to paracetamol but not that to allyl alcohol, bromobenzene and thioacetamide. DNP-induced hypoxia resulting in an accelerated metabolic activation of CCl4 presumably accounts for the interaction between DNP and CCl4. PMID- 7314129 TI - Studies on erythrocyte membrane. V. Haemolytic effect of methylsalicylate and its possible mechanism. AB - The haemolytic effect of methylsalicylate (MS) on human and sheep erythrocytes is reported for the first time to our knowledge. Human erythrocytes are more sensitive to this effect. Haemolysis is proportional to the concentration of methylsalicylate and the duration of incubation. Lowering of surface tension and the ensuing membrane damage appear to be the mechanism by which the haemolytic effect is produced. PMID- 7314130 TI - Acute effects of 2-nitropropane on rat liver and brain. AB - Intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) of 2-nitropropane (2-NP) induced lipid accumulation, centrilobular necrosis, degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial abnormalities in rat liver 24 h after exposure. These pathological changes were accompanied by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels. Hepatic glutathione content increased rapidly in exposed rats. 2-NP depressed markedly hepatic cytochrome P-450 and microsomal monooxygenase activity while the enzyme, epoxide hydratase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytosolic glutathione peroxidase were enhanced. 2-NP caused an increase of acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain. This effect was also detected in synaptosomes isolated from exposed rats. The results suggest peroxidative damage in the cells. PMID- 7314131 TI - Effects of toluene exposure on the rest-activity cycle of rats. AB - Rats were exposed to toluene at a concentration of 1000 ppm, 6 h/day, 6 times weekly, for 4 weeks. Functional disturbance of the circadian rhythm of spontaneous activity was found after repeated exposure to toluene, although single exposure under the same conditions did not influence the rhythm. The disturbance was characterized by a significant increase in distribution of activity in the "Light' (L) period, and a significant relationship was observed between the total number of days of exposure and the activity level in the L period. The toluene concentration in the blood immediately after the exposure was 6.8-7.2 microgram/ml after one and 18 days of exposure, respectively. PMID- 7314133 TI - A direct method to assay neurotoxic esterase activity. AB - A direct photometric method for assaying neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity of chicken brain microsomal preparation has been developed using 4-nitrophenyl esters as substrates. Paired samples of the microsomal preparation were preincubated for 20 min with paraoxon plus either (a) buffer or (b) mipafox before addition of substrate. The initial rate of NTE activity was directly recorded at 410 nm by matching the content of tube (a) against tube (b) after addition of the substrate to both of them. The 4-nitrophenyl esters of propionic, butyric, valeric, lauric, capric and caproic acids were tested as substrates. Results indicated that 4-nitrophenyl valerate and caproate, respectively, are the most hydrolyzable substrates for NTE with this method; its also enables detailed kinetic studies of NTE to be made. The Michaelis constant (Km) for the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl valerate by NTe was found to be 5.55 . 10(-5) M. PMID- 7314134 TI - Metal content ratio as a sensitive indicator of pulmonary edema. AB - The sensitivity to detect edema fluid in the lungs of rats exposed to 4, 2, 0.8, and 0.4 ppm O3 was estimated using the metal content ratio (Ca/Mg) and wet/dry weight ratio methods. Metal content ratios were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The detection limits were 0.8 and 2.0 ppm for the former and latter methods, respectively. A transitory increase of edema fluid was observed at day 1 in 0.8 and 0.4 ppm experiments by the Ca/Mg ratio method. PMID- 7314132 TI - The toxicology of 1-acetyl-2-methyl-2-formyl hydrazine (Ac-MFH). AB - The hepatotoxic and cancerogenic N-methyl-N-formyl hydrazine (MFH), which is formed from the mushroom poison, gyromitrin, by hydrolytic cleavage in vivo and in vitro during food processing, loses its hepatotoxicity and its influence on the renal function of rats after acetylation at the free NH2-moiety. The importance of MFH-acetylation with regard to an inhibition of microsomal conversion of MFH into a toxic nitrosamide is considered. The known genetically determined heterogeneity of the acetylation rate for hydrazine derivates in man may explain the observed differences in sensitivity towards the mushroom toxins. PMID- 7314136 TI - Long term cancer survival among women. PMID- 7314135 TI - Fatal accidents among school-age children. PMID- 7314137 TI - Changes in the age profile of the population. PMID- 7314139 TI - Variation in duration of disability among metropolitan employees. PMID- 7314138 TI - Railroad accident fatalities. PMID- 7314140 TI - [Medical measures in nuclear engineering accidents]. PMID- 7314141 TI - [Medical measures in nuclear engineering accidents. Uses and risks of iodine prophylaxis]. PMID- 7314142 TI - [Medical measures in nuclear engineering accidents. Organization of medical help]. PMID- 7314143 TI - [What accidents are possible in nuclear power plants?]. PMID- 7314144 TI - [Catastrophe prevention in the area of a nuclear power plant in Bavaria]. PMID- 7314145 TI - [Practical experiences in catastrophe prevention]. PMID- 7314146 TI - [Possibility of support of the German armed forces during catastrophes]. PMID- 7314147 TI - [Organization and function of the regional radiation protection centers]. PMID- 7314148 TI - [Legal aspects of nuclear catastrophe prevention and the legal basis for the cooperation of physicians and assistant personnel]. PMID- 7314149 TI - [Medical measures in nuclear engineering accidents. Criteria for deciding between ambulatory and stationary treatment and their use]. PMID- 7314150 TI - [Strategies in radiation protection medicine, ambulatory care for those affected in nuclear engineering accidents]. PMID- 7314151 TI - [Medical measures in nuclear engineering accidents. The execution of stationary treatment]. PMID- 7314152 TI - [Possible radiation exposure of populations in imaginable accidents at nuclear power plants]. PMID- 7314153 TI - [Medical measures in nuclear engineering accidents. Assessment and measures in personal contamination]. PMID- 7314154 TI - [Medical measures in nuclear engineering accidents. Possible dangers to physicians and the execution of their duties]. PMID- 7314155 TI - The major neutral products of the aerobic catabolism of cattle bile by Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 31752. AB - Pseudomonas sp. ATCC 31752 grows aerobically on cattle bile in a fermenter utilising the bile acid conjugates as a carbon source. Under conditions of limited aeration several steroid catabolites accumulate and these were harvested in good yield. Evidence is presented to show that these compounds are the novel compounds 12 beta-hydroxy-4, 6-androsta diene-3, 17-dione (VII) and 7 alpha, 12 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione (VIII) together with the known bile acid catabolites 7 alpha, 12 beta-dihydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3, 17-dione (IV), 7 alpha-hydroxy-1, 4-androstadiene-3, 17-dione (V) and 12 beta-hydroxy-1, 4 androstadiene-3, 17-dione (VI). PMID- 7314156 TI - Effects of 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione and 10-propargylestr-4-ene-3, 17 dione on the metabolism of androstenedione in human breast carcinoma and breast adipose tissues. AB - The effects of 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione (4-OH-A) and 10-propargylestr-4 ene-3, 17-dione (PED) on the aromatization of androstenedione (A) and the conversion of A to testosterone (T) were studied in incubations with breast carcinoma and breast adipose tissues. Parallel studies were carried out to determine the effects of 4-OH-A and PED on A metabolism in tissue from 5 patients with breast carcinoma. At 11 micro M, both compounds fully inhibited aromatization, whereas the conversion of A to T was decreased in only 2 incubations. Studies with varying concentrations of 4-OH-A and PED demonstrated that both compounds inhibited estrone (E1) formation by 80% at a concentration of 0.085 micro M, with maximum effect at 0.34 micro M. 90% inhibition of estradiol (E2) formation was observed at inhibitor concentrations of 0.17 micro M or greater. T formation was slightly affected at 0.67 microM, but was progressively inhibited with increasing 4-OH-A or PED concentrations, reaching 70% at 11 micro M. Similar experiments with 4-OH-A in breast adipose tissue homogenates showed that a concentration of 0.1 micro M was sufficient to inhibit aromatization while T inhibition required 11 micro M. 4-OH-A and PED are selective inhibitors of aromatization in human breast tissues and may provide a mechanism for controlling estrogen responsive processes. PMID- 7314158 TI - Structural requirement of sterol side chain for the silkworm growth and development. AB - Several cholesterol analogs with modifications in the side chain were added to the artificial diet of the silkworm, and their effects on insect growth and development were determined. It was found that slight deviations of the cholesterol's side chain induced pronounced growth-retarding effects, suggesting an important functional role of the isooctane side chain of cholesterol. PMID- 7314157 TI - The aging Leydig cell: VII. Cytoplasmic estradiol receptors. AB - Plasma estradiol and cytosolic estradiol receptor levels of testes were determined in a group of young (2-3 months) and old (24 months) Sprague-Dawley rats. Estradiol binding sites for the young rats averaged 5.6 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein (x +/- SE, n=12), which was comparable to that of the old rats, 5.7 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein (n=12). Using Scatchard analyses, the association constants at equilibrium of estradiol receptor binding of the old and young rats were the same, 6.1 x 10 10 M-1. Plasma estradiol levels were also similar in both groups 19.6 +/- 2.8 pg/ml (n=14) for the young and 19.2 +/- 2.6 pg/ml (n=10) for the old rats. Our results suggest that impaired testosterone biosynthesis in old rats was not due to elevated plasma estradiol levels or to differences in testicular estradiol receptor content. PMID- 7314159 TI - Radioimmunoassay of estradiol-17 beta in unextracted ewe plasma. AB - A radioimmunoassay for estradiol-17 beta (E 2 beta) without solvent extraction is described. It can be used for plasma samples with concentrations higher than 10 pg/ml. Tritiated E 2 beta, and a specific antiserum in phosphate buffer were added to plasma samples, the total incubation volume being 0,5 ml. An identical volume of steroid free plasma to that assayed in unknowns (0.050 -0.2 ml) was added to the standard curve. Immunoprecipitation was used to separate bound and free E2 beta and the bound radioactivity counted in the polyproplene assay tube. The calculated regression of E2 beta measured on plasma loaded with excess E2 beta (y = 0.987x / 3.8; R = 0.99) and that of E2 beta measured in the same sample by the direct assay on that of E2 beta found by a reference extraction method (y = 0.998x / 14.9; R = 0.98) as well as the presence of parallelism between the standard curve and different volumes of plasma and acceptable inter and intra assay coefficients of variation show that this method is suitable for the measurement of E2 beta in uteroovarian venous plasma. However, this method cannot be used for peripheral plasma of pregnant animals because it is not specific. The method was found useful in a study on the effect of gonadotrophin pulses on the ovary when many samples had to be analysed. Furthermore, there is a potential for automatization which would facilitate more detailed analyses of ovarian hypophyseal relationships. PMID- 7314160 TI - The specific binding of androgens and the subsequent distribution of androgen receptor complexes within MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. AB - Using a whole cell suspension assay technique, we have examined both the specific binding of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha androstan-3-one) (DHT) and the subsequent distribution of androgen binding activity within MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We have observed that both androgens are bound with high affinity to the same single class of receptor which is present at a concentration of approximately 8,000 sites per cell. The incubation of cells with either T or DHT was followed by the nuclear accumulation of specifically bound ligand which increased to maximal values within 1 h and then decreased thereafter. However, only about 30% of the total cellular specific binding activity observed with either androgen was localized within the nuclear compartment at any time during a 4 h incubation. Further examination of the extranuclear binding component suggested that a substantial portion of this activity was localized to the particulate fraction of the cytoplasm. The results of these studies suggest that both T and DHT are capable of exerting biological activity within MCF-7 cells, and raise the interesting possibility that androgen receptor complexes may participate in the direct regulation of mitochondrial and/or microsomal function in this system. PMID- 7314161 TI - Bile acids. LXIV. Synthesis of 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 25-triol and esters of new 5 alpha-bile acids. AB - Interest in the structural requirements of a sterol or bile acid for maximal activity by an hepatic microsomal steroid 12 alpha-hydroxylase prompted the preparation of 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 25-triol and 5 alpha-analogs of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholane-24-carboxylic acid. Methyl 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholane-24-carboxylate derived from methyl chenodeoxycholate via the Arndt-Eistert reaction was allomerized with Raney nickel in boiling p-cymene to provide a number of product of which methyl 3, 7 dioxo-5 beta- and 5 alpha-cholane-24-carboxylates, methyl 3-oxo-7 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-and 5 alpha-cholane-24-carboxylates, were identified. Reduction with K Selectride of methyl 3-oxo-7 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-cholane-24-carboxylate, provided a high yield of methyl 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholane-24 carboxylate. Treatment of this ester with an excess of methyl magnesium iodide afforded 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 25-triol. The products were characterized by thin-layer and gas liquid chromatography, proton resonance, infrared and mass spectrometry. PMID- 7314162 TI - Persistent enhancement of bile acid synthesis in guinea pigs following stimulation of cholesterol catabolism in neonatal life. AB - Cholesterol catabolism to bile acids was stimulated in neonatal guinea pigs by feeding 1.11% cholestyramine (CT)-containing diet for 8 weeks. The animals were then switched to standard laboratory diet for an additional 4 weeks. At the end of the laboratory diet period: a) CT-pre-treated guinea pigs continued to excrete significantly higher (p less than 0.05) amounts of bile acids, b) the activity of hepatic 7 alpha-hydroxylase was significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) in CT pre-treated animals, and c) isolated hepatocytes from CT-pre-treated guinea pigs secreted significantly higher (p less than 0.05) amounts of bile acid when compared to controls during a 4-hour incubation. These data provide biochemical support for our contention that stimulation of cholesterol catabolism during neonatal life can have effects that persist into adult life. PMID- 7314163 TI - Arterial air embolism: structural effects on the gerbil brain. AB - Air injection into the carotid artery of adult mongolian gerbils caused, within 10 minutes, multifocal brain lesions. The extracellular spaces were widened and neurons, oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths remained unchanged. The "delayed" effects of air embolism (first seen after 3 h) were similar to those observed in gerbils after unilateral carotid ligation. The histologic alterations after 3 h consisted of astrocytic swelling and shrinkage/necrosis of neuronal soma. The observations reported here illustrate the temporal and spatial separations that exist between a) brain water retention, and b) intraparenchymal entry of horseradish peroxidase. Both alterations can be a consequence of either decreased blood flow or arterial air embolism. Edema and protein leakage in each situation may be initiated by different mechanisms. PMID- 7314164 TI - Ethanol intoxication: a risk factor for ischemic brain infarction in adolescents and young adults. AB - Between January 1978 and December 1979 23 consecutive patients aged under 40 years with acute ischemic brain infarction were admitted to the department of neurology, Meilahti University Hospital in Helsinki. In 10 patients (43%) the onset of symptoms was preceded within 24 hours by ethanol intoxication, and all but one symptom occurred at weekends when most liquor is consumed in Finland. Ethanol intoxication preceding the stroke was 4 times as common in female and 5 times as common in male patients as ethanol intoxication in the general Finnish population of the same age and sex. The present results support those of our previous study and suggest that occasional ethanol intoxication increases the risk of ischemic brain infarction both in adolescents and young adults. PMID- 7314165 TI - Non-invasive external regional measurement of cerebral circulation time changes in supratentorial infarctions using pertechnetate. AB - A method for measuring regional cerebral circulation time (rCCT) between the hemispheres using intravenous pertechnetate and a multidetector system is presented. Interhemispheric differences of rCCT instead of absolute values were selected because of the variation of pertechnetate bolus dispersion due to changes in the systemic circulation and injection technique inter-and intraindividually. Time activity curves over one minute were analyzed by a modified gamma function fitting method. The results are printed as a brain map which shows reference values and abnormal findings. Abnormal rCCT asymmetry was observed in 10 out of 77 controls (13%) and 58 out of 65 patients with cerebral infarction (89%). Within 2 weeks after a stroke shorter circulation time values on the side of the lesion than on the contralateral side were found in 5 patients. In the severe infarction cases and in the acute stages of infarction circulatory changes could be found in a great number of areas. In patients with manifest diabetes abnormal circulatory findings occurred in larger regions and in a greater number of the patients than in those without that disease. Although the luxury perfusion and diaschisis phenomena, as well as the influence of cross-over of the count rates between the hemispheres, reduce circulatory time differences, use of the present pertechnetate method allows detection of subtle regional circulatory changes in patients with brain infarction. PMID- 7314166 TI - Differential contributions of major lipid components of atheroma to outcome of cerebral atheroembolism. A study in an animal model. AB - Cerebral atheroembolism, in which mainly lipid emboli are released from rupturing atheromatous plaques, may occur without apparent effect, or result in cerebral ischemia and infarction. The reasons behind these unpredictable consequences were sought in the interaction, in vitro and in an animal model, between the main lipid components of advanced plaques. Pure preparations of representative lipids were each harmless when embolized into the cerebral circulation. In contrast, combinations in proportions similar to those in advanced human plaques caused infarction, whether these were synthetic mixtures or extracts from plaques of the entire lipid fraction. The most important physical interaction between the lipids was aggregation of crystals by oils. Between cholesterol and the mainly liquid esters, this created in vitro a range of glutinous aggregates. Triglyceride lowered the melting point of esters, increasing their oiliness, and reduced the cohesiveness of aggregates in the face of operative mechanical forces through a fall in viscosity. Phospholipid, acting principally as an emulsifying agent, promoted dispersion of the oil, secondarily freeing the crystals from its aggregating effect. In the plaque, the balance of these factors will determine the size and number of particles likely to embolize, and, therefore, the clinical outcome should the plaque rupture. PMID- 7314167 TI - Incidence of stroke in Shibata, Japan: 1976-1978. AB - A stroke registry was established in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan (population 75,000) in 1976. WHO recommendations for criteria were followed. This paper reports stroke incidence for the initial 3 years of the registry: 1976 through 1978. All living patients were examined clinically by a staff physician. Only patients with a diagnosis of first stroke were included in the study. Sensitivity of the referral system was estimated at 85 + %, comparable to that in American studies. Average annual incidence per 1,000 in resident greater than or equal to 20 years was 2.61 for all strokes (3.42 for males; 1.88 for females), 0.20 for subarachnoid hemorrhage, 0.61 for cerebral hemorrhage, 1.51 for cerebral infarction - rates similar to those reported 10-20 years previously for the United States. The male-female ratio, 2:1, reflected a high rate among males, low among females. Rats among Shibata males were higher than 1972 U.S. rates reported by the Epidemiologic Study Group; rates among Shibata females were lower than corresponding U.S. rates. Incidence of all strokes combined increased with age, the age relationship being strongest for cerebral infarction. No subarachnoid hemorrhage was observed in Shibata residents greater than or equal to 70 years of age. PMID- 7314168 TI - Stroke in Melbourne, Australia: an epidemiological study. AB - A population-based stroke incidence study was carried out in Melbourne, Australia, between March 1978 and September 1979. Age-sex specific incidence rates were calculated and shown to be similar to those reported from the United States. At 18 months after the onset of stroke 55% of patients were alive and the probability of survival was shown to be related to the level of consciousness at time of maximum impairment. Seasonal variability of stroke incidence was demonstrated, as was an association between incidence rates and country of birth. PMID- 7314169 TI - Carotid system transient ischemic attacks: clinical, racial, and angiographic correlations. AB - The records and cerebral angiograms of 50 consecutive patients admitted to a large city hospital with a diagnosis of carotid system transient ischemic attacks were reviewed in an effort to determine the prevalence of demonstrable carotid artery disease in this population. Of these, 21 had a demonstrable abnormality in the extracranial carotid artery appropriate to their symptoms. Of the 29 with no abnormality in the extracranial portion of the appropriate carotid artery, 21 had a totally normal arteriogram, and 8 showed abnormality either in the non appropriate carotid or in the intracranial portion of the appropriate carotid artery. Chi-square analysis of the angiographic data and various clinical factors was carried out. Of the 29 patients with no abnormality in the appropriate artery, 18 were black and 11 were white. Of the 21 patients with an abnormal appropriate artery, 7 were black and 14 were white (p less than 0.05). No other clinical factor correlated with high rate of angiographic abnormality. PMID- 7314170 TI - Mechanisms and timing of deaths from cerebral infarction. AB - Clinicopathologic correlations were reviewed in 100 cases of recent cerebral infarctions in the internal carotid artery distribution. The most frequent cause of death was transtentorial herniation, followed in frequency by pneumonia, cardiac causes, and pulmonary embolism. Thirty-six percent of all patients and 47% of those with transtentorial herniation died within 48 hours of cerebral infarction. Of the treatable extracerebral causes of death determined at autopsy, only 34% were recorded premortem in the clinician's death summary. PMID- 7314171 TI - Fenestrations in the internal elastic lamina at bifurcations of human cerebral arteries. AB - Measurements of fenestrations (or windows) in the internal elastic lamina at the bifurcation of human cerebral arteries, were obtained from photomicrographs (scanning electron microscope). Thirteen of 28 bifurcations revealed regions of enlarged fenestrations among the normal fenestrations in the vicinity of the apex. The mean diameter of the enlarged fenestrations (7.0 +/- 0.34 SEM micrometer) was significantly greater than the mean diameter (2.1 +/- 0.13 SEM micrometer) of the normal fenestrations. The number of fenestrations per sq mm was less (2606 +/- 284 SEM per sq mm) for the enlarged fenestrations than for the normal fenestrations (4518 +/- 397 SEM per sq mm). The proportion of the area of internal elastic lamina comprised of fenestrations increased to 15.0 +/- 1.1 SEM percent for the enlarged fenestrations from a mean of 1.8 +/- 0.16 SEM percent for the normal fenestrations. Fenestrations from bifurcations without enlarged fenestrations, demonstrated characteristics similar to the normal fenestrations. More than 80% of the specimens exhibited a gap in the internal elastic lamina in the apical region of the bifurcation. Based on a comparison of stress concentration factors, we propose that the presence of enlarged fenestrations represents a weakness in the internal elastic lamina at the bifurcation apex which may contribute to the initiation of microaneurysms. PMID- 7314172 TI - Asymptomatic carotid disease in the cardiovascular surgical patient: is prophylactic endarterectomy necessary? AB - This prospective study used non-invasive techniques to screen for asymptomatic carotid occlusive disease in 314 patients who were to have coronary or peripheral arterial reconstruction. Hemodynamically significant carotid obstruction (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis or occlusion) was present in 54 arteries of 41 patients (13.1%), but only one-third of these lesions were accompanied by a cervical bruit. Among 48 carotid arteries where a bruit was heard, only 18 (37.5%) were associated with significant obstruction demonstrated by non-invasive screening. No prophylactic carotid endarterectomies were performed. There was only one perioperative TIA and one non-fatal stroke, neither of which was related to detectable carotid obstruction. In patients with peripheral vascular disease and detectable carotid obstruction or bruit, the perioperative mortality was higher than in patients without carotid obstruction or bruit (15.0% and 18.2 vs 3.1% and 2.1%, respectively). The deaths were primarily due to myocardial infarction. This study suggests that asymptomatic carotid occlusive disease, while common in patients with other cardiovascular disease, does not necessarily predispose to perioperative stroke and thus does not necessitate prophylactic carotid endarterectomy prior to indicated coronary or peripheral vascular reconstruction. PMID- 7314173 TI - Constrictive endarteropathy following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Rhesus monkeys were subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage by either the introduction of blood into the subarachnoid space or by mechanically rupturing the middle cerebral artery. Local cerebral blood flow, vascular compliance studies, and histological studies (light and electron microscope) were made of the vessels of all animals. In animals hemorrhaged via vascular rupture, subintimal swelling and thickening was minimally present by 3 days, becoming progressively more severe by one month. Such changes consisted of severe subintimal proliferation, fibrosis of the medial smooth muscle layer and interruption of the internal elastic membrane. Cells in the subintimal proliferative areas examined by electronmicroscopy were seen to have ultrastructural characteristics of smooth muscle. In the subarachnoid-injected hemorrhaged animals, there was no evidence of intimal proliferation or other vascular changes, which was also true of all control vessels. There was a decrease in wall elasticity of vessels exposed to mechanical rupture when compared to those exposed only to injected subarachnoid blood or normal vessels. Local cerebral blood flow was affected very little following the 2 methods of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 7314174 TI - Postnatal undernutrition accelerates incidence of stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The effect of infantile nutritional levels on the development of hypertension and incidence of stroke was investigated in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Caloric intake was varied during the suckling period by manipulating litter size immediately after birth; however, all animals had free access to food after weaning. Animals reared in large litters of 15 (LL group) weighed significantly less than those in small litters of 5 (SL group) at every age. In the LL group, systolic blood pressure (mean +/- SD) increased age dependently to reach 237 +/- 16 mm Hg at 14 weeks of age, and 14 of 15 rats developed stroke from 14 to 19 weeks of age. On the other hand, in the SL group, the blood pressure at 14 weeks of age was 213 +/- 6 mm Hg, which was significantly lower than that in LL group, and stroke occurred only in 3 of 10 rats kept up to 22 weeks. When the drinking water was replaced with a 1% salt solution, the onset of stroke markedly accelerated in both groups; more than 90% of rats developed stroke within 18 days after the salt-loading. However, the time required for the onset of stroke signs was significantly shorter in the LL group (10.5 +/- 1.5 days) than in the SL group (15.4 +/- 1.7 days). Furthermore, the blood pressure increment for the first week after the salt-loading was significantly greater in the LL group (29.5 +/- 9.5 mm Hg) than in the SL group (14.2 +/- 3.0 mm Hg). These findings indicate that infantile undernutrition may accelerate the development of hypertension and incidence of stroke in SHRSP. PMID- 7314175 TI - Sonographic demonstration of fibromuscular hyperplasia of the cervical internal carotid artery. AB - Ultrasound examination of the carotid artery has recently become an accepted procedure in screening patients with transient ischemic attacks. We report a patient with fibromuscular hyperplasia of the carotid artery diagnosed successfully with digital gray scale contact ultrasonic scanning and confirmed with arteriography. PMID- 7314176 TI - Bilateral deafness of vascular origin. AB - Two patients with reversible bilateral deafness of vascular etiology are reported. Serial audiometric studies in the first patient before and after a brainstem stroke indicated retrocochlear auditory dysfunction. The second patient showed bitemporal infarction on cranial CT scan which was subsequently confirmed postmortem. PMID- 7314177 TI - Thalamic hemorrhage. A study of 23 patients with diagnosis by computed tomography. AB - A series of 23 patients with thalamic hemorrhage with computed tomography confirmation is reported. Nine of these died, all had hematomas larger than 3.3 cm. The value of the syndrome of downward and convergent ocular deviation is stressed, and its possible mechanisms are analyzed. The characteristics and mechanisms of the pupillary abnormalities are reported, as well as the speech abnormalities observed in patients with lesions of the dominant hemisphere. Prognostic conclusions are drawn. PMID- 7314178 TI - Reaction of pial arteries and veins to sympathetic stimulation in the cat. AB - The diameters of pial arteries and veins were continuously monitored by a multichannel videoangiometer through a closed cranial window in 13 cats. Seventy two arterial portions (diameter 30-283 micrometer) and 103 venous segments (diameter 32-486 micrometer) were studied under resting conditions and during stimulation of the cervical sympathetic chain. Arteries with a diameter of less than or equal to 150 micrometer constricted 7.3 +/- 0.8%; those greater than 150 micrometer 13.1 +/- 1.4% (p less than or equal to 0.0005 for both groups). Veins constricted significantly more than arteries of corresponding size (p less than 0.005). Veins less than or equal to 150 micrometer constricted 11.5 +/- 0.9% and those greater than or equal to 150 micrometer constricted 19.9 +/- 1.9% (p less than 0.0005 for both groups compared to resting levels). Since the venous compartment contains about 70% of the regional blood volume the tone of the veins is of importance for intracranial pressure. Further studies on the role of sympathetic nervous activity in the regulation of cerebral venous tone under physiological and pathological conditions seem essential. PMID- 7314179 TI - Strokes and behavior: disorders of higher cortical functions following cerebral disease. Disorders of language and related function. PMID- 7314180 TI - Angiogram is read as pseudostenosis. PMID- 7314181 TI - Recommendations for human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometers. Subcommittee of the AHA Postgraduate Education Committee. PMID- 7314182 TI - [Mechanical characteristics and the conditions of destruction of different sections of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 7314183 TI - [Indirect femoral fractures from the impact of a car bumper]. PMID- 7314184 TI - [Structural and morphological features of the biomechanism of skull bone destruction in injuries]. PMID- 7314185 TI - [Possibility of specifying the near distance of a shot from a Makarov pistol]. PMID- 7314186 TI - [Diagnosis of mechanical injuries similar to bullet wounds]. PMID- 7314188 TI - [Method for the rapid differential diagnosis on the autopsy table of different forms of hypertension of the lesser circulation]. PMID- 7314187 TI - [Quantitative correlations of pulmonary atelectasis and emphysema in certain types of mechanical asphyxia]. PMID- 7314189 TI - [Concern and attention to scientific research and the training of science teaching personnel]. PMID- 7314190 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the human hypothalamus in prolonged alcohol abuse]. PMID- 7314191 TI - [Gunshot injuries to the hairs]. PMID- 7314192 TI - [Use of the tartaric acid reaction for the presence of sperm in the forensic medical study of material evidence]. PMID- 7314194 TI - [Basic functions of forensic chemistry departments in republic forensic medical laboratories]. PMID- 7314193 TI - [Possibility of using computerized automatic classification methods in forensic medical practice]. PMID- 7314195 TI - [Chromatographic and spectrophotometric determination of isonicotinic acid derivatives in biological material]. PMID- 7314196 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the methods for isolating and determining butadione in biological material]. PMID- 7314197 TI - [Purification of cidial in studying cadaveric material]. PMID- 7314198 TI - [Determination of trace amounts of mercury in the hair of city inhabitants]. PMID- 7314199 TI - [Characteristics of the expertise on material evidence in respect to sexual crimes]. PMID- 7314200 TI - [Determination of the hazard status for life and health in certain methods of violent crime]. PMID- 7314201 TI - [Expert evaluation of the mechanism of the injuries in a fall from a height onto a wooden fence]. PMID- 7314202 TI - [Rare case of an atypical gunshot wound]. PMID- 7314203 TI - Some cases of animal longevity following treatment with early fetal thymic extracts. PMID- 7314204 TI - Selective migration of 'null' cells towards a thymus factor in vitro. AB - Mouse fetal liver, nude adult bone-marrow and normal adult bone-marrow cells are depleted of theta+, Ig+ cells by the use of in vitro migration through a porous membrane towards a thymus supernatant attractant. The attracted cells are free in suspension, viable and can be obtained in large numbers through the use of multiple migration wells for in vivo testing. PMID- 7314205 TI - Thymic dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is, in the great majority of cases, a neoplastic proliferation of B cells. The associated immunologic dysfunction accounts for many of the clinically associated phenomenon such as infection and second malignancies. Much of this dysfunction has been attributed to poor B-cell function. Functional impairment of the T-cell component is currently being elucidated. In the investigation of B cells. The associated immunologic dysfunction accounts for many of the clinically associated phenomenon such as infection and second malignancies. Much of this dysfunction has been attributed to poor B-cell function. Functional impairment of the T-cell component is currently being elucidated. In the investigation of B cells. The associated immunologic dysfunction accounts for many of the clinically associated phenomenon such as infection and second malignancies. Much of this dysfunction has been attributed to poor B-cell function. Functional impairment of the T-cell component is currently being elucidated. In the investigation of B cells. The associated immunologic dysfunction accounts for many of the clinically associated phenomenon such as infection and second malignancies. Much of this dysfunction has been attributed to poor B-cell function. Functional impairment of the T-cell component is currently being elucidated. In the investigation of B cells. The associated immunologic dysfunction accounts for many of the clinically associated phenomenon such as infection and second malignancies. Much of this dysfunction has been attributed to poor B-cell function. Functional impairment of the T-cell component is currently being elucidated. In the investigations reported herein, we further demonstrate the immune deficiency of CLL by measuring proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis in response to mitogens. Stimulation of various cell fractions indicates that in certain cases there is deficient T-helper, while others T function appears intact. In 2 of 4 cases tested there was augmentation of ig synthesis when the CLL cells were cocultured with thymic epithelium. The implications of such in vitro modulation are discussed. PMID- 7314206 TI - Ultrastructural changes of the hypertrophic epithelial cells in the thymus of splenectomized chickens. AB - Three weeks following the splenectomy of young chickens an increased number of the hypertrophic epithelial cells, which presented various signs of secretory activity, could be observed in the thymus. After splenectomy, these cells usually present a single, large-sized intracytoplasmic vesicle or vacuole lined with microvilli. The lumen of such vesicles is always full of granulated and membranous material. The ultrastructural appearance of the hypertrophic epithelial cells strongly suggests an intensive metabolic activity and a possible active protein synthesis. These results lead to the hypothesis that hypertrophic epithelial cells secrete a lymphopoietic hormones which is active in normal chickens and which is secreted at an accelerated rate during certain hyperfunctional circumstances such as the period following splenectomy. PMID- 7314207 TI - Radiation retinopathy. PMID- 7314208 TI - Congenital vascular anomalies of the optic nerve head. PMID- 7314209 TI - The management of advanced carcinoma of the tongue by total glossectomy without laryngectomy. PMID- 7314210 TI - Intractable sneezing. PMID- 7314211 TI - Brain abscess of otitic origin. A case report and review of the entity. PMID- 7314212 TI - Otorhinolaryngologic presentations of infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 7314213 TI - Sanguineous tears following head trauma: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7314214 TI - Elution of human granulocytes from nylon fibers by means of repulsive van der Waals forces. AB - A novel method for the isolation of granulocytes from nylon fibers is described. It is modification of filtration leukapheresis based on cellular surface thermodynamics. The system takes into account both electrical and van der Waals forces. The elution buffer contains a chelating agent and a surface active agent which lowers the surface tension of the liquid to a value intermediate between that of the surface tensions of the nylon fibers and of the granulocytes. Thus, the attractive van der Waals interaction between the fibers and the granulocytes becomes a repulsion. This results in a two- to threefold increase in cell yield. Phagocytosis, candicidal activity, and oxygen consumption did not appear to be affected through the isolation procedure. By both light and transmission electron microscopy the isolated granulocytes appeared to be morphologically intact. PMID- 7314215 TI - The use of microaggregate filtration in the prevention of febrile transfusion reactions. AB - A simplified preparation of leukocyte-poor blood (LPB), employing microaggregate filtration following centrifugation, was compared with three other commonly used and accepted methods. The study group was comprised of 1,283 patients who received a total of 14,561 units of LPB. Of those, 361 patients received 2,235 units of LPB following a primary febrile reaction, and 922 patients received 12,326 units of LPB prophylactically. In both patient populations the microaggregate filtration method proved at least as effective as the inverted spin method and was clearly superior to the buffy coat-poor method in preventing febrile transfusion reactions. PMID- 7314216 TI - Automated suspension of washed erythrocytes in fresh-frozen plasma for exchange transfusion. Obtaining a desired hematocrit. AB - Stored red blood cells may be automatically saline washed and resuspended in fresh-frozen plasma to yield a final product with any hematocrit that is desired. The technique provides for rapid processing and issue of blood and minimal risk of contamination of the unit. Red blood cells are more readily available than whole blood, and their use, with fresh-frozen plasma, in exchange transfusion, provides similar advantages, including low potassium content and normal content of procoagulants and bilirubin binding capacity. The method of reconstruction is based on calculations that use empirically determined estimates of average hematocrit and specific gravity of red blood cells and the volumetric flow characteristics of a programmable IBM 2991 Blood Processor. Only the weight of the stored red blood cell unit is required as a measurement at the time of preparing the resuspended cells. Quality-control studies of the final hematocrit indicates a 2.4 per cent standard deviation from a target value of 55 per cent. PMID- 7314217 TI - Red cell storage for 56 days in modified DPD-adenine. An in vitro evaluation. AB - The modified CPD-adenine anticoagulants CPDA-2 and CPDA-3 were developed to improve red blood cell storage to 35 days, since CPDA-1 was found marginal at 35 days in high hematocrit samples. In this study red blood cell storage was extended to 56 days. In vitro correlates of viability were monitored to determine the feasibility of evaluating in vivo the ability of CPDA-2 and CPDA-3 to extend storage past 35 days. The data suggest that red blood cells stored up to 56 days may have acceptable viability, providing the possibility of extended storage for the military and certain special civilian situations. PMID- 7314219 TI - The in vitro effect of anti-A and anti-AB alloantibodies on group A and AB Platelets. AB - There is no evidence of ultrastructural damage as assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy on the exposure of group A and AB human platelets to the appropriate anti-A and anti-AB alloantibody and complement. There was also no evidence of platelet aggregation under the above circumstances. These in vitro findings support the view that an ABO mismatch is not an absolute contraindication to platelet transfusion. PMID- 7314218 TI - 51Chromium survival of Yt(a+) red cells as a determinant of the in vivo significance of anti-Yta. AB - A case is presented in which anti-Yta produced a moderately accelerated removal of chromium-labeled Yt(a+) red blood cells (T1/2, 96 hours). Other reported examples of anti-Yta either have rapidly removed transfused Yt(a+) red blood cells or have permitted apparently normal survival of these cells. In light of this wide variation in in vivo potency of anti-Yta, it is recommended that chromium red blood cell survival studies be done before transfusion of Yt(a+) red blood cells in sensitized individuals. PMID- 7314220 TI - Changes of blood oxygen affinity in different CPD solutions during liquid storage. AB - Soft and hard-packed red blood cells in four different CPD anticoagulant preservative solutions were stored with and without added glucose, adenine, and electrolytes. The hemoglobin-oxygen affinity of the red blood cell concentrates was tested over a six-week storage period. No single solution conferred better protection than any other against an expected increase in oxygen affinity due to loss of 2,3-DPG during storage. In all solutions, P50 at pH 7.4 decreased linearly when measured in a physiological system using CO2. After six weeks' storage at 4 C, the normal oxygen-binding properties of red blood cells could be restored in all instances following incubation for one hour in a rejuvenation solution. By contrast, red blood cell ATP levels were highest when resuspending solutions contained adenine and added glucose, but did not significantly compensate the allosteric role of 2,3-DPG in regulating oxygen affinity when the latter became depleted. PMID- 7314221 TI - Hemolytic anemia complicating infectious mononucleosis due to the interaction of an IgG cold anti-i and an IgM cold rheumatoid factor. PMID- 7314222 TI - Factors influencing yield of plateletpheresis by discontinuous centrifugation. AB - Plateletphereses performed by the Haemonetics Model 30 Blood Processor under a fixed condition were retrospectively analyzed. The mean platelet yield was 5.97 X l0 (ll) (+/- l.46 X l0 (ll). Prepheresis platelet count was significantly correlated to platelet yield (p less than 0.001), but hematocrit was not (p greater than 0.1). Blood-drawing time showed a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) and may suggest than an infusion rate of 60 ml/minute is a technique of choice. A large number of platelets (% platelet recovery = 73.0 +/- l4.l%) was discarded in order to remove erythrocytes and leukocytes from the initial product. The recovery was negatively correlated to the percentage removal of leukocytes (p less than 0.01), which means that a platelet product of good quality not containing leukocytes can be prepared at the sacrifice of a large quantity of platelets. It is desirable to devise a simple and practical technique to obtain pure platelets without loss. PMID- 7314223 TI - Improved red blood cell storage using optional additive systems (OAS) containing adenine, glucose and ascorbate-2-phosphate. AB - Red blood cells were treated with optional additive system (OAS) solutions to provide component-specific metabolic enhancement for improved storage. Red blood cell viability, as monitored by ATP concentrations, was maintained by use of adenine and extra glucose. Red blood cell oxygen offloading characteristics were improved by maintenance of red blood cell 2,3-DPG concentrations with ascorbate-2 phosphate (AsP). The use of CPD-collected red blood cells with an OAS containing adenine, glucose, and AsP, or CPD-adenine collected red blood cells with an OAS containing AsP demonstrates the potential to store red blood cells at least 42 days and to maintain red blood cell 2,3-DPG. PMID- 7314224 TI - Granulocyte transfusion therapy in chronic granulomatous disease. Report of a patient and review of the literature. AB - A l6-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and multiple Staphylococcus aureus hepatic abscesses failed to respond to intense antimicrobial therapy and surgical drainage procedures. He was started on a l3 day course of daily granulocyte transfusions obtained by intermittent-flow leukapheresis (haemonetics Model 30 [Braintree, Massachusetts]) utilizing hydroxyethyl starch. Each transfusion contained an average of 9 X l0(9) granulocytes. He defervesced on the seventh transfusion day, and the sedimentation rate returned to normal on the thirteenth transfusion day. Radionuclide scan showed decrease in size of the liver abscesses. No other new therapeutic modalities were attempted during the period of granulocyte transfusion. Although the use of granulocyte transfusion has been suggested to treat infections in CGD, we report the first successful use of granulocyte transfusion therapy in S. aureus abscess disease in CGD. Granulocyte transfusions may be helpful in treating infections refractory to standard medical-surgical management in patients with CGD and other disorders of neutrophil function. PMID- 7314225 TI - A study of ABO incompatibility and neonatal jaundice in Black South African newborn infants. AB - In order to establish the role of fetomaternal ABO incompatibility as a cause of overall neonatal jaundice, its relationship to the degree of jaundice, and its etiologic contribution to severe jaundice necessitating exchange transfusion in South African blacks, a retrospective analysis of both laboratory and clinical data was undertaken. Two thousand forty-two blood samples were submitted for laboratory investigation from mothers and their jaundiced newborn infants and categorized according to ABO blood groups and levels of serum bilirubin. At levels of serum bilirubin below 301 mumol/l, ABO incompatible combinations occurred as frequently as ABO compatible combinations. However, at serum bilirubins above 301 mumol/l, ABO incompatibility was a major cause of jaundice in almost 58 per cent of infants. In the nursery-based clinical studies, ABO incompatibility accounted for 41.7 per cent of those severely jaundiced (greater than 301 mumol/l) and 44.4 per cent of newborn infants who had exchange transfusions. ABO incompatible combinations however did not assume a significant role in the cause of overall neonatal jaundice. Both laboratory and clinical findings therefore confirm the importance of fetomaternal ABO incompatibility as a cause of severe jaundice and an unimportant cause of overall jaundice in newborn black babies. PMID- 7314227 TI - Viscosity of human blood hemodiluted with crystalline hemoglobin solution. AB - Hemoglobin solution has been proposed as a blood substitute and, when administered intravenously, causes hemodilution that affects the viscosity of the circulation fluid. To quantitate the changes in viscosity, hemodilutions were made by mixing freshly drawn human blood with a 7-g/dl hemoglobin solution in different proportions. Viscosity measurements were made with a micro-cone plate viscosimeter at various shear rates. The results demonstrate that even at low or moderate hemodilutions with hemoglobin solution, the viscosity of blood decrease considerably at each shear rate investigated. The decrease of viscosity is greater with increasing hemodilution. A shear thinning effect is observed with whole blood and with each hemodiluted sample. The viscosity-hematocrit relationship, which could be demonstrated not only by cone-plate but also by the Ostwald viscosimeters at a fixed shear rate, shows that the concentration of red blood cells significantly affects the viscosity of blood. Hemodilution of blood with hemoglobin solution not only reduces the viscosity but also may improve the blood flow. PMID- 7314226 TI - Does transfusion using a syringe infusion pump and small-gauge needle cause hemolysis? AB - Hemolysis of two- and nine-day-stored sedimented red blood cells (hematocrit 65%), infused by a constant-rate syringe delivery pump through a 25-gauge needle was investigated. Fifteen-ml aliquots of blood were pumped through the system at flow rates of 10.6, 20.5, and 70 ml/hour. Plasma-free hemoglobin and potassium were measured and compared to controls. Significant red blood cell hemolysis occurred during passage through this infusion system, and the amount of hemolysis was greater with nine-day-stored cells. These cells showed more hemolysis with slower flow rates, but the two-day-stored cells were not affected by rate of flow. PMID- 7314228 TI - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by anti-P1. PMID- 7314229 TI - Platelet counts before and after apheresis. PMID- 7314230 TI - The red-cell deformability index: a filtration study in adult Nigerians. AB - Red-cell deformability was measured by reproducible filtration technique. Undiluted whole blood, anticoagulated with solid potassium EDTA, was passed through Nuclepore membrane filters with cylindrical prres of 5.0 micrometers diameter, under a constant negative perfusion pressure of 20 cm of water. The volume of red-cell filtered per minute was used as an index of red-cell deformability. Healthy Nigerian adults had a mean red-cell deformability index of 0.55 +/- 0.15 ml/min/-1. There was no significant difference between the sexes. The possible relevance of red-cell deformability studies in the African is discussed. PMID- 7314231 TI - Radiologic estimation of gestational age of Nigerian newborn infants using the lower limb ossification centres. AB - The presence and size of the epiphyseal centres in the lower limb were studied by post-natal radiological examination in 176 Nigerian newborn infants. The gestational age range was between 27 and 42 weeks. There was no difference between the sexes and between the two halves of the body. There was also no difference in size and pattern of appearance of epiphyseal centres between our infants and their Caucasian counterparts. There was a narrow limit within which the knee epiphyseal centres were visible--the distal femoral at 36 weeks and proximal tibial at 38 weeks. The calcaneus and talus centres were visible in all infants. The prediction interval for estimation of age from the mean size of femoral epiphysis in this material was +/- 32.4 days and +/- 38 days for the tibial epiphysis. PMID- 7314232 TI - Energy balance study in pregnant Asian women. AB - Twenty-four pregnant Asian women resident in Singapore were tested for the determination of energy cost of rest and various common daily activities. The average daily energy expenditure was estimated from a diary of activities of seven days. The average daily energy intake was computed from Food Tables on the basis of consumption of measured dressed raw materials of food over seven days in the same period of measurement of energy expenditure. The average daily energy intake and expenditure in this group of pregnant women were found to be 2020 and 1810 kcal (8.5 and 7.6 MJ) giving a balance of +210 kcal (0.9 MJ) per day. PMID- 7314233 TI - Longitudinal study of serum lipids and lipoproteins in normal pregnancy and puerperium. AB - 23 cases of normal pregnancy were investigated for serum cholesterol, triglyceride and lipid profile in three trimesters of pregnancy and in the postnatal period. Thirty-three normal healthy non-pregnant women of the same age group formed the control group. A progressive rise was observed in serum triglyceride and cholesterol reaching the peak in the third trimester and a definite fall in the postnatal period compared to the antepartum level. Among the hyperlipidemias the major one was type IV in the first trimester, type IIb and type IV in the second trimester and type IIb in the third trimester and type IV again in the postnatal period. It was also noted that those who had an abnormal lipid profile in the first trimester continued to have abnormal lipid profile in the postnatal period. PMID- 7314234 TI - Unusual presentation of Burkitt's tumour in childhood. Case reports. AB - Five cases of unusual presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma are reported; three of these, had localised scalp tumours or peripheral lymph nodes. Another case presented with paraplegia and rectal bleeding which disappeared on our standard chemotherapy consisting cyclophosphamide, vincristine and methotrexate (COM). The fifth case who developed pleural effusion during chemotherapy initially presented with abdominal tumour. These five cases illustrate the protean presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 7314235 TI - Amniotic membrane dressing for burns in children. A cheap method of treatment for developing countries. AB - Ten children aged seven months to eleven years with superficial burns involving (mean) 24% of total body surface were treated with amniotic membrane dressing in a general ward. The result of treatment was compared with that obtained during an earlier (12 months) period using non biological antimicrobial dressing on the same ward. One patient treated with amnion developed pseudomonas wound infection and another required skin grafting. These children spent an average of 31 days in hospital, as compared with 56 days for the control group. It is concluded that amniotic membrane dressing is to be preferred in the treatment of burns in hospitals in poorer countries, because of it's ready availability, ease of preparation and cheapness of storage. PMID- 7314236 TI - Wormy persons: contributions to the nature and patterns of overdispersion with Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylosotma duodenale, Necator americanus and Trichuris trichiura. AB - The dominant intestinal helminths in the Iranian villages of Kargar Malleh (hookworms), Bandar Abbas (hookworms) and Jazin (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura), were recorded with their frequency distributions, in 80, 40 and 111 villagers, respectively in 1977-78. Anthelminthics were then used to remove all intestinal stages which were identified and counted. Analyses showed clumped or over-dispersed patterns in all cases. Each community contained 'wormy persons', 1 to 3% of the individuals carried 11, 16, 30, 38 or 84% of all the worms collected. 'Wormy persons' could only be identified for one parasite, thus those with the highest infestations of one species were not prone to higher infestation with another. In Jazin, 111 persons with measured initial worm burdens of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and Trichostrongylus spp. were followed without further therapy or change in habits for up to 12 months during re infection. There was no significant correlation between those persons with high initial worm burdens and those with high burdens after 12 months. The public health significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 7314237 TI - Bacteriological study of diabetic foot ulcers. AB - Bacteriological study of 61 patients with diabetic gangrene or non-gangrenous foot ulcers was undertaken to determine the pattern of infection and antimicrobial susceptibility with a view to suggest optimal antibiotic therapy for these patients. Gangrenous ulcers showed a higher frequency of mixed infection; the predominant organisms being enterococci, Proteus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Klebsiella sp. Infected non-gangrenous ulcers showed Staph. pyogenes, and beta haemolytic Streptococcus as single organism in 12 patients. Anaerobes were more frequently isolated in gangrenous lesions than in non-gangrenous ulcers. Antimicrobial susceptibility showed that gram positive organisms were sensitive to co-trimoxazole, cephaloridine, ampicillin and penicillin. Gram negative aerobic bacilli were sensitive to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and streptomycin. Anaerobes were sensitive to chloramphenicol, clindamycin and metronidazole. Antibiotics of choice for gangrenous lesions with spreading infection and septicaemia are a combination of gentamycin, ampicillin and metronidazole as an adjuvant to surgical treatment. PMID- 7314238 TI - Tinea capitis in an Anglo-Indian school. AB - Tinea capitis due to Trichophyton violaceum was seen in 34% of 157 Anglo-Indian female children at Madras. The common age group and the class affected were between 10 and 15 years and 6th and 7th standards. A proportionally higher number of children were present in this group. T. violaceum infection in areas other than the scalp was negligible. PMID- 7314239 TI - Intracranial vascular anomalies in Nigerians. PMID- 7314240 TI - Pathology of childhood nephrotic syndrome in northern Nigeria. AB - Histopathology of kidney biopsies in 46 children with nephrotic syndrome in northern Nigeria showed that 15 had quartan malarial nephropathy, 14 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, six proliferative glomerulonephritis and four chronic glomerulonephritis. There were only two cases of minimal change lesion. No set of clinical features typify any particular histologic diagnosis. There was progression of glomerular lesion in five of the ten children who had repeat biopsy. PMID- 7314241 TI - Reproductive wastage and developmental disorders in relation to consanguinity in south India. AB - The effect of consanguinity on fertility, reproductive loss and developmental disorders were studied in 156 consanguineous marriages in comparison with 221 non consanguineous marriages. Although fertility was greater (P less than 0.05) in consanguineous than in non-consanguineous marriages, the number of living children were approximately equal in both groups, on account of increased child mortality in the former (P less than 0.05). The frequencies of abortion and stillbirth were (also) approximately equal in both groups. Developmental anomalies were significantly more frequent (P less than 0.001) among the offspring of consanguineous parents. These results indicate the continued presence of deleterious genes in this population, in spite of the practice of consanguinity over many generations. PMID- 7314242 TI - Clonorchiasis in Surinam. AB - A 46-year-old Chinese male was admitted to the Deaconesses' Hospital in Paramaribo with severe bleeding from esophagus varices. After being first on a wrong track the diagnosis clonorchiasis was made. The case history of the patient is described. This was the second case of clonorchiasis in Surinam. It is emphasized that imported diseases must be considered, whenever immigrants show up with symptoms. PMID- 7314243 TI - Amoebiasis cutis. PMID- 7314244 TI - Human dirofilariasis. A report of the first case of ocular dirofilariasis in the Netherlands and a review of the literature. PMID- 7314245 TI - [Interstitial growth-inhibiting substances in the heart]. AB - Extracts of heart atriums and ventriculi of adult hens and rats were injected in 11-day old chick embryos. The extract of hen heart ventriculi causes a considerable decrease in colchycine mitotic index as well as in the index of labeled nuclei. The ventricular extract prolongs the duration of mitosis (M phase) to a certain degree. The extract of atriums does not inhibit proliferation activity of heart cells and even stimulated it to some extent. Rat heart extracts act like those of hen. The growth-inhibiting substances (chalones) of heart reveal no species-specificity, though being to a great degree tissue-specific. PMID- 7314246 TI - [Highly permeable contacts and the electrical characteristics of normal liver and hepatoma tissue. I. The highly permeable contacts in induced mouse hepatomas]. AB - With the aid of intracellular microelectrodes some electrical characteristics of mouse liver were studied in early and late stages of chemical carcinogenesis. In early stages of carcinogenesis as well as in induced hepatomas, the membrane potentials of the cells, the input resistance of cell system and the electrotonic potential distribution in tissue did not differ from the corresponding values in normal liver. It is concluded that at all the stages of carcinogenesis electrical coupling in liver remains unaltered. It is proposed that high-permeable intercellular junctions may play a significant non-specific role in tissue malignization process. PMID- 7314247 TI - [Interaction of myeloid cells with stromal fibroblasts in monolayer cultures]. AB - Stromal fibroblasts of bone marrow, spleen and thymus origin as well as fibroblasts of peritoneal fluid origin are shown to have no difference in the ability to bind morphologically distinguishable granuloid cells in monolayer cultures. On the contrary, thymus fibroblast colonies encourage the development of myeloid cell plaques (which are formed by bone marrow hemopoietic precursor cells) a great deal stronger than do bone marrow and peritoneal fluid fibroblast colonies. It means that their different origin may be revealed when they interact with hemopoietic precursor cells but not with differentiated myeloid cells. PMID- 7314248 TI - [Hereditary changes in gene activity as 1 of the causes of phenotypic heterogeneity in 8-azaguanine-resistant Chinese hamster cells (CHO-K1)]. AB - Eight Chinese hamster clones (CHO-K1) growing at the 30 mg/ml concentration of 8 azaguanine (AG) were studied. Clones were differentiated by their resistance to AG and to 6-thioguanine, by their plating efficiency on HAT medium, and by the level of hypoxantine incorporation in cells. The differences in phenotypic properties were shown to be associated with variability in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity. HPRT Michaelis constant (KM) for hypoxanthine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, and maximal reaction rate (Vm) offered considerable differences between all the resistant clones and sensitive cells. The only possible reason of these differences is a change in the HPRT coding locus. According to the results of the analysis of B15-4b-4 subclones, phenotypic and HPRT activity differences are also connected with each other; however, all subclones have the same KM of HPRT as that of the parental clone. So, differences in HPRT activity (and in Vm) may reflect changes in the HPRT content in cells of subclones. Hence, phenotypic heterogeneity of AG-resistant clones is determined by the interaction of mutational changes in the HPRT locus, and hereditable changes of genetic activity, responsible for variation of HPRT quantity in cells. PMID- 7314249 TI - Serum uric acid concentrations and arthralgia among patients treated with pyrazinamide-containing regimens in Hong Kong and Singapore. AB - The serum uric acid concentrations of patients being treated in Hong Kong and Singapore with a daily regimen consisting of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide or a control regimen of daily streptomycin, p-amino-salicylic acid (PAS) and isoniazid were determined by the phosphotungstate method. Arthralgia and elevated serum uric acid levels were encountered only during the period that patients were being treated with pyrazinamide. Although daily treatment with pyrazinamide increased serum uric acid concentrations approximately 2.5-fold, the concentrations of the 6 patients who developed arthralgia were closely similar to those of matched controls without arthralgia. This fails to confirm a previous suggestion that patients with arthralgia might have higher values. Rifampicin appeared not to influence the hyperuricaemic effect of pyrazinamide. PMID- 7314250 TI - The pattern of age-specific tuberculin hypersensitivity in two groups of South African schoolchildren. AB - In epidemiological studies on tuberculosis we have observed a decrease in the prevalence of positive tuberculin reactions around the age of 13. This decrease was apparent in a variety of populations studied. Statistical analysis of the tuberculin testing data demonstrates the significance of the decrease in the proportion of positive reactors at age 13 and also of a reduction in size of reactions. The possibility of suppression of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction at about puberty is considered. PMID- 7314251 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 7314252 TI - Dynamic aspects of the activity of clofazimine against Mycobacterium intracellulare. AB - The interaction of clofazimine with M. intracellulare was studied using the in vitro dialysis model and the membrane filtration technique. With the in vitro model, clofazimine when it was inside the bag at 3 micrograms/ml or more exerted a bactericidal action within 6 days. On the other hand, when the drug concentration in the outside medium was gradually raised from 1 microgram/ml to 3 micrograms/ml over a period of 5 days, it produced only a bacteriostatic effect. Using the membrane filter technique, exposure of M. intracellulare to 1 microgram/ml of clofazimine for 24 and 48 hours induced lag periods of 24 and 168 hours respectively. PMID- 7314253 TI - Rifampicin induced osteomalacia. PMID- 7314254 TI - Miliary infection due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. PMID- 7314255 TI - Hypersensitivity to ethambutol. PMID- 7314256 TI - BCG vaccination and non-tuberculous Mycobacteria. PMID- 7314257 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of breast cancer in the city and province of Torino. AB - Between 1950-54 and 1970-74 the mortality rates from breast cancer showed a 35% increase in Italy. In the city of Torino, an increase occurred between 1950-54 and 1960-64 but not in the following 10-year period. These trends were confirmed by the analysis of rates by cohorts of birth. In the province of Torino, between 1960-64 and 1970-74 the increase in breast cancer death rates was far lower than in the other provinces of Piedmont. It is suggested that the peculiar patterns in the city and in the province of Torino reflect qualitative changes of lifestyle brought about by the conspicuous immigration from southern Italy during the sixties. PMID- 7314258 TI - Asbestos exposure in the Monfalcone area. A social and pathological study of 100 autopsy cases. AB - Monfalcone is a coastal town with important shipyards. In the present investigation hyalin pleural plaques, lung asbestos bodies, and occupational history were studied in 100 consecutive autopsy cases, collected at the hospital of Monfalcone. Pleural plaques were observed in 72% of males and in 33% of females. Asbestos bodies were found after chemical digestion of pulmonary tissue in 94 cases, and an approximate estimation of their amount showed high or very high numbers in 39 cases. Occupational history, obtained from patients' relatives, was suggestive of occupational asbestos exposure in 60 cases, with 37 subjects having worked in the shipyards. Thirteen other patients had had a probable domestic exposure to asbestos. The severity of asbestos exposure in the Monfalcone area is emphasized. PMID- 7314259 TI - [Evaluation of doxorubicin toxicity on normal hemopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 7314260 TI - Estrogen and progesterone binding proteins in human colorectal cancer. A preliminary characterization of estradiol receptor. AB - Estradiol receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were assayed in tumors from 20 patients with primary colorectal cancer. Ten of 20 tumors contained high affinity sites for 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone. The highest concentration of ER was 56 fmol/mg of protein. The ER dissociation constant ranged from 1.6 X 10(-10) M (mean 4.6 +/- 2.6). The highest concentration of PgR was 42 fmol/mg of protein. The PgR dissociation constant ranged from 3 X 10(-9) to 9 X 10(-9) M (mean 5.65 +/- 2.1). Four out of 20 specimens analyzed were from male patients and all resulted negative for both receptors. Sixty per cent of ER positive tumors were also PgR positive, whereas only 20% of ER negative were PgR positive. Sucrose gradient centrifugation showed that cytoplasmic ER of colorectal cancer sedimented at 3 S in the absence of protease inhibitors and at 4.5 S in the presence of 1 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) both in low and in high ionic strength. When chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 almost all ER was quantitatively recovered in the included fractions. Molecular weights of ER eluted from Sephadex G-200 ranged from 90,000 to 50,000 daltons. Elution profile and molecular weight heterogeneity suggest that, in spite of the presence of PMSF, there is a limited proteolysis of ER. Partially purified colorectal cancer ER did not bind to sepharose-heparin. The isoelectric point of ER was 6.4-6.5. PMID- 7314261 TI - Prognostic significance of the growth rate of breast cancer: preliminary evaluation on the follow-up of 196 breast cancers. AB - The doubling time (DT) of 196 consecutive breast cancers was studied by means of a double mammographic examination (average time between the 2 mammographies, 30 days) and calculated with the formula of exponential growth. On the basis of DT values the case series was divided into 3 groups of growth: fast (DT from 1 to 30 days), 31 cases (15.8%), intermediate (DT from 31 to 90 days), 84 cases (42.9%), slow (DT more than 90 days), 81 cases (41.3%). No relationship was found between growth rate and size of tumor, or menopausal status of the patient. After mastectomy fast and slow cases were equally distributed in the N- and N+ groups, whereas for the intermediate cases the N- : N+ ratio was 1 : 2. One hundred and thirty-four cases were followed for a period of 12 to 52 months. Evaluation was done on the basis of the subdivision into N- 2nd N+, and the latter group into N+ (1-3) and N+ (greater than 3). For N- tumors the course of the disease was apparently not affected by the growth rate. However, the case of fast growing tumors showed a higher proportion of recurrences with respect to N+ slow growing tumors. This difference was even more noticeable the higher the number of involved lymph nodes, but not statistically significant. The course of slow growing tumors was identical in the N- and N+ groups, but all the N+ tumors were subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 7314262 TI - A clinical and pathologic study of 34 sarcomas of the uterus. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 34 uterine sarcomas were studied to determine the natural history of the disease. Sixteen patients had leiomyosarcoma, five mixed mesodermal sarcoma, ten endometrial stromal sarcoma, two carcinosarcoma and one endolymphatic stromal myosis. The patients were treated without an unique protocol. At 3 years the actuarial relapse-free survival was 53.6%: 68.4% in stage I-II patients and 22.2% in stage III-IV patients. As regards the histologic subtype mixed mesodermal sarcomas had the best prognosis; endometrial stromal sarcomas the worst. The necessity of a uniform clinical and histologic classification as well as the importance of controlled clinical trials are pointed out. PMID- 7314263 TI - Severe heart disease induced by radiation and chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. AB - A 39-year-old patient with Hodgkin's disease, treated with radiation and chemotherapy, developed an undetected severe cardiopathy that was responsible for a sudden death. Possible causes of this cardiac damage are discussed. The therapeutic success on lymphoma, confirmed by postmortem examination is emphasized. PMID- 7314264 TI - [Malignant paraganglioma of the carotid body. Clinical, morphological, histochemical and ultrastructural findings in a case]. PMID- 7314265 TI - Giant lymph node hyperplasia in angiohamartomatous soft tissues. AB - The first case of Castleman's benign lymphoma associated with angiohamartomatous alterations in peripheral fibroadipose tissue is reported, and a pathogenetic connection is hypothesized. The lesion was encountered in a 48-year-old man; it was situated in the left and inferior retroperitoneal area with extension to the inguinal region of the same side. PMID- 7314266 TI - [Amputation and arterial reconstruction in the treatment of severe ischemia of the lower limbs. A survey covering all Danish hospitals during the period between 1 April 1931 and 31 December 1976]. PMID- 7314267 TI - [Advisability of vascular surgery in patients amputated for arteriosclerosis in the lower limbs]. PMID- 7314268 TI - [Primary results of vascular surgery in lower limbs threatened with amputation]. PMID- 7314269 TI - [Liver involvement during tolphenamic acid therapy]. PMID- 7314270 TI - [Prolonged intake of vitamin A and cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 7314271 TI - [Xanthoma in the pharynx]. PMID- 7314272 TI - [Solitary neurinoma in the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7314274 TI - [Vascular surgery for gangrene of the lower extremities]. PMID- 7314273 TI - [Disopyramide (Dirytmin, Durbis, Norpace)]. PMID- 7314275 TI - [Reasons for the institutionalization of the elderly. Evaluation of the influence of different socio-medical factors on the future residence of geriatric hospital patients]. PMID- 7314276 TI - [Otitis media in childhood. I. Significance of daily care]. PMID- 7314277 TI - [Computed tomography of tumors in the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx]. PMID- 7314278 TI - [Mendelson's syndrome]. PMID- 7314279 TI - [Mortality among patients in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 7314280 TI - [Bilateral simultaneous knee replacement]. PMID- 7314281 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction treated in a general hospital]. PMID- 7314282 TI - [Frontal osteomyelitis]. PMID- 7314283 TI - [Methyl bromide poisoning]. PMID- 7314284 TI - [Peritoneal granuloma caused by Enterobius vermicularis]. PMID- 7314285 TI - [Intra-articular chondroma in the knee joint]. PMID- 7314286 TI - [Monosymptomatic paresis of the 3d cranial nerve following head injury]. PMID- 7314287 TI - [Erythema multiforme in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection]. PMID- 7314288 TI - [Accidental medication substitution for ACD vitamin drops in children]. PMID- 7314289 TI - [Acute hearing loss and vertigo in secondary syphilis]. PMID- 7314290 TI - [The group practice project in Naestved. Assessment of a research activity in the light of community medicine]. PMID- 7314291 TI - [The influence of cyclophosphamide upon the healing of fractures in the rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of cyclophosphamide (Ctx) upon the healing of fractures in the femur of the rabbit is reported. During treatment with Ctx the x-ray shows a reduced callus-formation; the fluorescence-microscopy reveals a decreased apposition of bone. Fracture-load, fracture-energy and mineral content of the intact bone are not influenced by Ctx. Four weeks after an operation fracture load and fracture-energy are reduced almost by one half and the mineral content is decreased significantly. PMID- 7314292 TI - [Report concerning 20 open wounds of the heart (author's transl)]. AB - It will be reported about 20 open wound of the heart, which were observed between 1964 and October 1980 at the II. Univ. Clinic of Traumatology in Vienna. 17 of them could be operated and 10 could be discharged healed. In 14 cases the cause was a stab, in 5 cases a gun-shot and in one case an explosion. The right and the left ventricle were wounded in equal numbers. Six patients were resuscitated successfully after admission but died after operation. In three cases the reanimation was not successful. Except in one case the anterolateral thoracotomy was chosen for entering. An experienced, well trained team is absolutely necessary to provide such wounds. PMID- 7314293 TI - [Aseptic complications in total alloarthroplasty of the hip joint (author's transl)]. AB - A perfect technic of implantation is the fundamental factor to guarantee a postoperative course free of complications. The position of the prosthesis and a high initial stability are important factors, too. In the OHH 1 561 patients were given 1 973 cemented total endoprostheses from 1968 to 1978. From 1975 to 1980, an additional number of 212 total endoprostheses without cement (ceramic prostheses) were implanted. The following aseptic complications were most common: (1) loosening, (2) luxation, (3) fractures of the shaft of the prosthesis, (4) bursting of the femur-shaft, (5) protrusio acetabuli, and (6) periarticular deposition of calcium. The rate of complications in cemented total endoprostheses was 2.7%, in cement-free endoprostheses 5.7%. In 10.3% of the cemented endoprostheses early complications were observed; among the patients with cement free endoprostheses there occurred one luxation and one fatal case (pulmonary embolism). Late complications of the cemented endoprostheses were seen in 8%; among the cement-free endoprostheses 4 loosenings of the acetabulum, 3 loosenings of the shaft, 1 protrusio acetabuli and 1 fracture of the ceramic neck were found. 77.5% of the patients, with cemented prostheses judged their ability to walk as much improved, compared to the previous state. In 15.7% the results were unchanged, in 6.7% the state had deteriorated. Among the patients with cement free endoprostheses 61% considered their walking ability to be much better, 29% moderately improved and 8.5% unchanged. 1% felt worse than before surgical treatment. PMID- 7314294 TI - [Follow-up study of femoral shaft fractures in children (author's transl)]. AB - Out of a series of 117 children (age 0-14 years) with femoral shaft fractures 65 patients were followed-up at an average of 10 years after injury. Examination was performed with special regard to torsion deformities and complaints or roentgenologically detectable prearthrotic changes. Individual differences in anteversion angle were found frequently, but there was no correlation to any complaints. The average anteversion angle of all injured and of all non injured femurs showed no difference and all values were found to be in physiological range. Our long-term results indicate, that unilateral wire traction is a sufficient way to obtain excellent results in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children. PMID- 7314295 TI - [Results of surgical stabilisation of 307 open fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Primary operative care with debridement and the soft tissue protective osteosynthesis is the method of choice in the management of open fractures. A follow-up study of 307 so treated fractures was performed over an average of 3 years after the initial trauma. The overall rate of osteomyelitis was 8.5% in below knee compound fractures and 4.9% in all other areas. During the past two years while using the external fixation device in 2nd and 3rd degree compound fractures in the lower leg the osteomyelitis rate was reduced to 5.5%. In the 2nd and 3rd degree compound crural fractures due to the delayed bone healing with the external fixation method alone we recommend the so called "combination osteosynthesis" in which a screw or a AO-2-hole-plate is employed additionally. Furthermore it seems essential to perform an autologous cancellous bone graft in these fractures to reduce the long healing time. PMID- 7314297 TI - [The problem of previous damage in expert opinions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314298 TI - Psychological aspects of the use of seat belts. AB - The psychological attitude towards the seat belt of 70 injured motor car passengers could be examined. The belt fastening rate was changed after the experience of having had an accident. Almost 80% of the questioned persons now always fasten their seat belt, whereas this is done only by 43% of the total collective. Although the usefulness of seat belts is not doubted by the majority of the questioned persons, almost 80% of them are afraid of difficulties concerning the loosening of seat belts. PMID- 7314296 TI - [Syndrome of posttraumatic paresis of the tibial nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314299 TI - [Biomechanics of plate osteosynthesis. Oblique lag screw - pretension of plates (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314300 TI - [Local complications of total hip arthroplasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314301 TI - [Unusual fractures of the wrist (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314302 TI - [Treatment of tibial fractures of children by the percutaneous cerclage method. Indication and results (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314303 TI - [Posttraumatic degeneration of the posterior interosseous nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314304 TI - [Operative treatment of a fractured head of the radius with a modified 3-hole plate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314305 TI - [Pharmacoangiorheography of the kidney]. PMID- 7314306 TI - [Echotomography of extraorganic retroperitoneal neoplasms]. PMID- 7314307 TI - [Excretory urographic characteristics in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis in children]. PMID- 7314308 TI - [Surgical treatment of renal echinococcosis]. PMID- 7314309 TI - [Treatment of excretory anuria]. PMID- 7314310 TI - [Zinc and cadmium metabolic indices in glomerulonephritis and hypertension]. PMID- 7314311 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease)]. PMID- 7314312 TI - [Evaluation of the type of tubazid inactivation in nephrotuberculosis with chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 7314313 TI - [Porphyrin biosynthesis in nephropathy patients with systemic and metabolic diseases]. PMID- 7314314 TI - [Determination of leukocyte phagocytic activity in pyelonephritis and prostatitis]. PMID- 7314315 TI - [Tuberculosis of the kidney and pyelonephritis]. PMID- 7314316 TI - [Chronic pyelonephritis in renal tuberculosis]. PMID- 7314317 TI - [Method of accelerated determination of urinary microfloral sensitivity to antimicrobial preparations]. PMID- 7314318 TI - [Tumor of the isthmus and right half of a horseshoe kidney]. PMID- 7314319 TI - [Treatment of neuromuscular dysplasia of the ureter in congenital single kidney in children]. PMID- 7314321 TI - Percutaneous transvesical antegrade passage of urethral strictures. AB - Failure to pass a urethral stricture by retrograde instrumentation is generally accepted as excluding the possibility of closed internal urethrotomy. In 2 patients with impassable strictures percutaneous transvesical antegrade passage of a guide wire through the stricture was successful, paving the way for balloon dilatation of the stricture and visual internal urethrotomy. In view of the success rate of internal urethrotomy in treating strictures, it is recommended that this radiological method of dealing with an impassable stricture from above be used to avoid open operation and to allow internal urethrotomy to proceed. A protocol for the procedure is suggested. PMID- 7314320 TI - [Ultrasonic scanning potentials in the differential diagnosis of urate stones and papillary kidney tumors]. PMID- 7314323 TI - Intrarenal pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis. AB - A rare case of intrarenal pheochromocytoma associated with a renal artery stenosis is reported. The association between pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis is discussed. PMID- 7314322 TI - Renal adenocarcinoma in an asymptomatic 19-year-old female. AB - Renal adenocarcinoma is rare before age 20. Clinically and radiographically, it presents similarly in adults and children. Prognosis is related to the clinical stage of the tumor at surgery. Treatment methods are still under investigation. PMID- 7314324 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis. AB - We report the findings on computed tomography (CT) in idiopathic and secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis in 7 patients. In all cases CT showed the fibrotic mass, accurately defining its extent and the involvement of adjacent anatomic structures. The densitometric and anatomopathologic aspects were correlated; contrast uptake was less in areas thought to be dense in collagen than it was in areas with more vascular regions of inflammatory change. CT assessed the extent and nature of the fibrotic plaque. PMID- 7314326 TI - Duplication of the kidney: a potential diagnostic pitfall. AB - Nine patients with marked vesicoureteral reflux into a contracted, pyelonephritic kidney were found at time of surgery to have complete duplication of the affected side. Eight of them also had an ectopic ureterocele. The radiological diagnosis of duplication was virtually impossible as all these kidneys showed reflux nephropathy and were smaller than the contralateral kidney. The surgical management is briefly outlined. PMID- 7314325 TI - Volume of polycystic kidneys during reduction of renal function. AB - Total renal volume was measured by CT scanning in 43 patients with the adult form of polycystic kidney disease whose 24h endogenous creatinine clearance ranged from 8 to 130 ml/min. The total volume of the 2 kidneys increased from 1,212 (SD +/- 411) cm3 in patients with normal renal function to 2,053 (SD +/-698) cm3 in patients with severely decreased function, as compared to 497 (SD +/- 58) cm3 in persons without evidence of renal disease. Despite progression of the disease, the mean difference in size between the 2 kidneys remained constant and was significant only in patients with well-preserved renal function. In 23 of the 43 patients hepatic cysts and in 2 patients pancreatic cysts were demonstrable by CT scanning. PMID- 7314327 TI - Localization of exogenous 14C-oxalate in rats determined by whole-body- and microautoradiography. AB - A single dose of 14C-oxalate was given to Wistar rats using a throat probe. The animals were sacrificed and the oxalate distribution was determined using whole body-autoradiography. The results showed that a large portion of the absorbed oxalate had reached the bladder 30 min after administration. It is possible that this rapid renal excretion could lead to a short-term oxalate peak in the urine. The oxalate also showed a great affinity for bone. This suggests that there is a deep compartment for oxalate in bone. At the light microscopic level, the localization of 14C-oxalate in bone and in the gastric wall was demonstrated using microautoradiography. This appears to show that there is gastric excretion of absorbed oxalate. Further pharmacokinetic investigations are necessary to confirm this conclusion. PMID- 7314328 TI - Studies on the morphology of human uric acid stones. AB - Human uric acid acid renal stones are easily distinguished from other urinary calculi by their globular or spherical shape, their colour and their hardness. Investigations of uric acid crystals grown in the presence of a variety of pigments indicate that a disordered layer structure of the uric acid dihydrate is responsible for the colour of such crystals, caused by the inclusion of pigment molecules into the crystal lattice. This in turn may help to explain the other special properties of uric acid stones. PMID- 7314329 TI - Effects of a cation exchange resin on intestinal calcium absorption and urinary calcium in calcium stone formers. AB - The effect on the urinary excretion of calcium of an oral cation exchange resin without phosphorus was studied in healthy control subjects and patients with recurrent calcium lithiasis under out-patient conditions. An immediate reduction of intestinal calcium absorption and urinary calcium excretion was found in five control subjects and in one patient after ingestion of resin, whereas calcium excretion remained unchanged in all other patients during long-term treatment. In addition, signs of mild transitory hyperparathyroidism together with an increase in intestinal calcium transport were observed during treatment. It is suggested that intraluminal binding of calcium ions to the resin leads to substantial changes in calcium metabolism with the result that urinary calcium excretion returns to pre-treatment values. PMID- 7314330 TI - Splintless microsurgical anastomosis of the ureter in the dog. AB - In an experimental study in dogs, four different techniques of microsurgical anastomosis using Vicryl 8-0, have been compared: 1. Interrupted submucosal sutures; 2. Continuous submucosal sutures; 3. Full thickness interrupted sutures; 4. Full thickness continuous sutures. Intravenous urography and electron microscopic studies three months post operatively showed that ureteric stricture had occurred in only 2 cases out of 24. Microsurgical techniques are recommended for ureteric anastomoses. PMID- 7314331 TI - Pre-operative intra-arterial chemotherapy for bladder cancer. AB - Thirteen patients with carcinoma of the bladder have been treated by arterial infusion of doxorubicin hydrochloride pre-operatively. Teflon catheters 0.25 mm in diameter were inserted by the Seldinger technique and the tips were placed in the aorta between the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery and the aortic bifurcation. The doses administered ranged from 80 mgs to 250 mgs with an average of 125 mgs. A response rate of 69% was seen. In 3 cases tumours disappeared; in a further 6 patients some tumour regression was apparent. One patient died from cardiac insufficiency. Although this method of treatment remains to be fully evaluated, preliminary results suggest that it may be an effective pre-operative treatment. PMID- 7314332 TI - Radiologic evaluation of anuric patient: systematized approach. PMID- 7314333 TI - Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for germ cell tumor of testis in association with horseshoe kidney. PMID- 7314334 TI - Intracavitary irradiation of renal pyelocalyceal transitional cell carcinoma with iridium-192. AB - A case of multicentric urothelial transitional cell carcinoma is presented, in which the patient underwent a left ureteronephrectomy and in the remaining right kidney recurrent transitional cell carcinoma was found in the inferior calyx. Because this area was accessible via a cutaneous nephrostomy, it is treated with a combination of external beam radiation and intracavitary implantation with iridium-192. The iridium was placed in the vicinity of the tumor using an angiographic procedure. The technique successfully preserved remaining renal parenchyma. The case illustrates how angiography skills and procedures can be applied in a novel brachytherapy application. PMID- 7314335 TI - Cystectomy for superficial bladder cancer. AB - One hundred nine patients with Stage O or A bladder cancer unmanageable transurethrally underwent radical cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion without lymphadenectomy. Fifty-six were also given planned preoperative radiation therapy. Five-year survival rate was 76 per cent for the entire group. Irradiation eradicated all of the tumor (Po) in 36 per cent of patients, no patient Po after irradiation had recurrent disease, and local recurrence was noted in only 3.5 per cent of the irradiated patients compared with 9.4 per cent of those not irradiated. Urethral cancer was present in 9 per cent of our patients, a finding that does not support our previous impression that patients with multifocal bladder cancer or tumors involving the prostatic urethra had a higher than average incidence of urethral carcinoma. PMID- 7314337 TI - Complications of inflatable penile prostheses. PMID- 7314336 TI - Erectile impotence as complication of direct vision cold knife urethrotomy. PMID- 7314338 TI - System for filing urologic literature. PMID- 7314339 TI - Efficacy of combination therapy with intravesical instillation of doxorubicin and low-dose radiation for bladder cancer. Comparison with Instillation of Doxorubicin alone. PMID- 7314340 TI - Comparison between a purified and standard diet on FANFT-induced murine bladder cancer. AB - We investigated the effect of two diets containing equal amounts of the carcinogen FANFT on the incidence and induction time of murine bladder carcinoma in mice. At each time interval, the tumor incidence in the mice ingesting a purified, high-calorie diet, was equal or greater than the tumor incidence in the animals fed standard mouse chow. The mean animal weight of the mice ingesting the purified diet was consistently higher than that of the mice fed the standard diet. The bladder weights (an index of tumor volume) showed no significant difference between the mice receiving the two diets. Since mice eat to fulfill their caloric requirements, the animals ate less of the purified diet and the cost per year was lower. PMID- 7314341 TI - Comparison of flushing solutions for in situ renal preservation. PMID- 7314343 TI - Renal carcinoma discovered after trauma. PMID- 7314342 TI - Epididymal metastasis from prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7314344 TI - Open instillation of formalin for hemorrhagic cystitis in a child. PMID- 7314345 TI - Ureteroarterial fistula. PMID- 7314346 TI - Method for changing suprapubic Cystocath bladder drainage system. PMID- 7314347 TI - Simplified closure of hypospadias fistulas. PMID- 7314348 TI - Electrocautery circumcision. PMID- 7314349 TI - Modified technique for use of Iglesias continuous flow resectoscope. PMID- 7314350 TI - Testicular cancer in children and adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7314351 TI - Case profile: palpable pheochromocytoma. PMID- 7314352 TI - Eight-minute excretory urographic film: once is enough. AB - A film reading exercise was developed to test the advisability and accuracy of using one "postinfusion" roentgenogram instead of a series of films for a complete antegrade urographic evaluation. The experience of the radiologist making the interpretations was also considered. In most cases a singly eight minute postinfusion delayed film showed enough detail to rule out pathology when none existed and adequately revealed either specific abnormal findings or suggested an abnormality existed when such was indeed present. No false negative call was made by and of the radiologists, but experience did aid in detailing the pathology. PMID- 7314353 TI - Uriniferous perirenal pseudocyst. PMID- 7314354 TI - Acute segmental renal infarction: difficulty in diagnosis despite multimodality approach. PMID- 7314356 TI - Early surgical correction of massive refluxing megaureter in babies by total ureteral reconstruction and reimplantation. PMID- 7314355 TI - Osseous metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma. AB - We present the distribution of metastases and clinical course of 252 patients with osseous metastases secondary to renal cell carcinoma. Symptoms of the metastases were the presenting complaint in 48 per cent of patients (including 37 with pathologic fractures); the axial skeleton was the most commonly involved site. Despite earlier reports that nephrectomy lengthened survival for patients with osseous metastases, our data showed this to be true only for patients with a solitary osseous metastasis. Patients with multiple osseous metastases had survival rates no better than patients with soft tissue or mixed lesions-whether or not nephrectomy was performed. PMID- 7314358 TI - Effectiveness of prolonged hydrostatic dilatation of bladder. AB - Thirty-three patients with intractable frequency and 9 patients with hematuria from irradiation cystitis, bladder tumors or both underwent 54 prolonged hydrostatic dilatations of the bladder. Thirty-eitht per cent of patients with frequency had long-lasting improvement and 19 per cent had temporary relief. Eight patients in this group had multiple procedures, having improved temporarily after previous treatments. Six of the 9 patients with hematuria had appreciable palliative relief. PMID- 7314357 TI - Idiopathic pelvic fibrosis: a variant of retroperitoneal fibrosis? AB - The management of 2 cases of a rare condition previously labelled idiopathic pelvic fibrosis is described. Two cases reported previously are reviewed. The unusual histologic and radiologic features are emphasized, and the differences between this condition and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis are summarized. Etiologic features, including the possible role of previous pelvic infection, drug-induced hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, are discussed. We believe that disease originating in the vas may be the source of this unusual fibrotic process. PMID- 7314359 TI - Congenital hemihypertrophy and associated abdominal lesions. PMID- 7314360 TI - Surgical management of urethral stricture in the male. AB - Urethral dilatation has long been the standard treatment for patients with urethral stricture. However, in many patients such dilatations may be difficult, painful, or have to be done at frequent intervals. The alternative techniques of direct vision urethrotomy or urethroplasty have been considered in 101 patients over a twelve-year period. Skin inlay urethroplasty in this series showed a significant level of complications and an absolute failure rate of 15 per cent. A prospective study of 39 patients undergoing urethrotomy using the Sachse optical urethrotome has shown that 82 per cent of patients are symptom-free and 13 per cent symptomatically improved at a follow-up ranging from sixteen months to three and one-half years (mean twenty-five months). We believe that urethrotomy using the Sachse optical urethrotome should now be the initial treatment of choice in the management of urethral stricture. Urethral dilatations or urethroplasty should be reserved for those patients who have persisting stricture despite such urethrotomy. PMID- 7314361 TI - Incidence of urethral stricture after transurethral resection of prostate. Effects of urinary infection, urethral flora, and catheter material and size. AB - Urethral stricture is the most common complication of transurethral resection of prostate, occurring in up to 29 per cent of cases. A prospective trial was initiated to ascertain if the presence of positive urine and urethral bacterial cultures made any significant difference in urethral stricture incidence. One hundred patients were entered in the trial, 50 receiving latex catheters and 50 receiving Teflon catheters. There was no significant difference between the two groups in incidence of urethral stricture, and there was no correlation between positive urine and urethral bacterial cultures and stricture formation. It is suggested, therefore, tha urethral catheter material and size and the presence of organisms in the urine and in the urethra do not contribute significantly to the formation of urethral stricture following transurethral resection of the prostate. PMID- 7314362 TI - Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome with bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7314363 TI - Metastases in epididymides from papillary adenocarcinoma of prostate. PMID- 7314364 TI - Simple, quick technique of perineal urethrostomy. PMID- 7314365 TI - Villous adenoma and adenocarcinoma of female urethra. PMID- 7314366 TI - Eosinophilic ureteritis? Regional ureteritis with marked infiltration of eosinophils. AB - The case of a thirty-seven-year-old man with eosinophilic granuloma of the ureter is discussed. Preoperative x-ray studies disclosed distal ureteric regional stenosis and moderate hydronephrosis with small stone shadows. A segmental ureterectomy and vesicoureteral neostomy were performed. Pathologic examination of the removed specimen revealed markedly infiltrated eosinophils of the ureteric wall. The literature is reviewed and the causation of eosinophilic granuloma discussed. PMID- 7314367 TI - Case profile: appendicitis and appendicolithiasis presenting as ureteral stone and colic. PMID- 7314368 TI - Suprarenal mass and its differential diagnosis. AB - Nine cases of suprarenal masses without endocrine abnormalities are presented: 2 adrenal pseudocysts, 2 adrenal myelolipomas, 2 neuroblastomas, 1 lymphoma metastatic to the adrenal glands, 1 teratoma, and 1 adrenal cortical carcinoma metastatic to the contralateral gland. The clinical and radiologic findings are discussed. Noninvasive and invasive procedures and their usefulness in diagnosing masses in the suprarenal area are reported. The importance of metastases to the adrenal glands in the differential diagnosis of suprarenal masses was investigated by reviewing the autopsies done from January through June, 1979, at The University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas. Adrenal metastases were found in 26 per cent of the cases studied. Breast and lung carcinomas and lymphomas were the most commonly found neoplasia. The relative incidence of microscopic and macroscopic metastases in all patients with tumor is discussed. PMID- 7314369 TI - [Phenomenon of accelerated volume growth in noise-induced hearing loss]. PMID- 7314370 TI - [Anatomo-topographical characteristics of the endolymphatic space in transmastoid drainage]. PMID- 7314371 TI - [Phase phenomena in the vestibular analyzer - vestibular recruitment]. PMID- 7314372 TI - [Mucous membrane of the attic and antrum in chronic otitis media during remission]. PMID- 7314374 TI - [Complications of trephinopuncture of the frontal sinus and the possibilities of their prevention]. PMID- 7314373 TI - [Rhinogenic intracranial complications in children]. PMID- 7314375 TI - [Rare forms of changes in air circulation in the maxillary sinus in sinusitis]. PMID- 7314376 TI - [Cryoultrasonic method of treatment of oropharyngeal tumors]. PMID- 7314377 TI - [Anesthetic methods during operations on the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 7314378 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin content in rhinoscleroma]. PMID- 7314379 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course and treatment of maxillary sinusitis and radicular cyst]. PMID- 7314380 TI - [Multiple nasopharyngeal teratomas in a newborn infant]. PMID- 7314381 TI - [Esthesioneurocytoma of the nasopharynx]. PMID- 7314383 TI - [Favorable outcome after stapes surgery in chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 7314382 TI - [Multiple complications of acute suppurative otitis media in a child]. PMID- 7314385 TI - [Infiltrative abscess in a patient with nonspecific hematogenic osteomyelitis of the cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 7314384 TI - [Arrest of persistent post-traumatic nosebleed by occlusion of the terminal branches of the internal maxillary artery]. PMID- 7314387 TI - [Osteoplastic tracheobronchopathy]. PMID- 7314386 TI - [Factors affecting the degree of hemorrhage during tonsillectomy in children]. PMID- 7314388 TI - [Foreign bodies simulating tumors]. PMID- 7314389 TI - [Biliary obstruction]. PMID- 7314391 TI - [Anomalies of the vermiform appendix]. PMID- 7314392 TI - [Rupture of the left gastric artery in blunt abdominal trauma]. PMID- 7314390 TI - [Nonstandard bile diversion operation in a female patient with hepatic alveolar hydatid disease]. PMID- 7314393 TI - [Effect of a blockade of the upper complex of the cervical neural structures on kidney function in patients after operations on the abdominal cavity organs]. AB - The authors have included blockade of the upper complex of nervous structures of the neck in the program of treatment of patients after operations on the organs of the abdominal cavity. Studies on the urine-eliminating function of the kidneys and radioisotopic rhenography were performed in 105 patients before and after operation. The results show that the blockade contributes to prevention of functional disorders in the cells of renal tubules and to the improvement of the urine-eliminating and general hemocatharsic function of the kidneys. PMID- 7314394 TI - [25 years' experience in treating cardiospasm]. PMID- 7314395 TI - [Early pleurectomy for acute suppurative pleurisy in high-risk patients]. AB - The results of 73 pleurectomies in complicated acute purulent pleurisy are discussed. Of the operated high risk patients one patient died. Recurrent empyemas were eliminated by means of 2--3 ribs thoracoplasty. The authors believe early pleurectomy to be quite endurable for most patients under conditions of pronounced intoxication and having severe associated diseases. In their opinion, pleurectomy can quickly liquidate the intoxication and favourably influence the development of the disease. PMID- 7314396 TI - [Complications and their prevention in the surgical treatment of lung diseases in the elderly]. AB - According to the author's data, of 579 elderly patients operated for different diseases of the lungs complications were observed during operation in 24,5% of cases such as cardiac arrhythmia, hemorrhages, acute disturbance of ventilation and cardiac arrest. Postoperative complications (tracheobronchial obturation, pneumonia, cardiac rhythm disturbance, pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency, incompetence of the bronchial stump and thromboembolism) took place in 40,6%. Postoperative lethality was 7,4%. Most frequent complications appeared following pulmonectomy. Great importance is attached by the author to prophylactic measures reducing the postoperative lethality. PMID- 7314398 TI - [Basic traits and contradictions in the development of clinical thinking]. PMID- 7314397 TI - [Organic hemodynamics in modelled acute pancreatitis]. AB - The measurement of blood pressure during operations on the pancreas vessels allows the assessment of disturbances of the organic hemodynamics in modelled acute pancreatitis, the efficiency of curative measures. The decreased parameters of the arterial pressure in the vessels of the pancreas, transformation of the impulse arterial blood flow into continuous one, disappearance of the pulse pressure, zero blood pressure, vascular thrombosis and hemorrhages were observed in acute pancreatitis. The effectiveness of the curative exposure to permanent magnetic field at the stage of reversible organo-hemodynamics disorders was proved. PMID- 7314399 TI - [Angiographic diagnosis of biliary tract tumors]. PMID- 7314400 TI - [Diagnostic principles in complications of Meckel's diverticulum]. AB - The analysis of 382 observations of the complicated Meckel's diverticulum in children and adults is presented. The clinical course of the diverticulum, ileus resulting from this defect, peptic ulcer of the diverticulum are described. It has been established that in people having the diverticulum there occur other congenital developmental abnormalities which may be used for making the diagnosis of the disease. PMID- 7314401 TI - [Hemosorption and transfusion therapy in diffuse peritonitis]. AB - A combination of the transfusion therapy and hemosorption for the treatment of patients with diffuse peritonitis was followed by a considerable improvement of the general state of the patients and a pronounced regression of peritoneal symptoms. The complex therapy in addition to the desintoxication effect was found to result in an improvement of rheological properties of blood which opens new prospects in the treatment of patients with peritonitis. PMID- 7314402 TI - [Greater omentum and abdominal cavity adhesions]. AB - The article presents the analysis of the role of chronic omentites and adhesions of the greater omentun in the course of the "adhesive disease". The omental adhesions were revealed in 70,5% of the operated patients. In 20 of 105 patients chronic omentitis was found and 4 patients had acute omentitis. Under conditions of adhesions and omentitis the greater omentum is believed to turn from the organ of immune defense in the the cause of the appearance of different clinical symptomocomplexes. So, the author considers that in omentitis the resection of the greater omentitis is indicated and patients with its adhesions have indications for the replacement of the omentum and its fixation in the epigastric region, before the stomach. PMID- 7314403 TI - [Preventive means in experimental and clinical adhesive process]. PMID- 7314404 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in atherosclerotic aortoiliac occlusions]. AB - The article discusses results of reconstructive operation in 140 patients with aorto-iliac occlusions. Standard femoro-femoral shunting was fulfilled in 84 patients, cross femoro-femoral shunting -- in 38, axillary-femoral shunting -- in 4 patients. To the author's mind, the aorto-femoral reconstructions in spite of their high efficiency can not be recommended to patients with severe concomitant diseases because of their traumatic character. The author substantiates the differentiated approach to choosing the means of reconstructive measures, with the degree of risk and variations of atherosclerotic lesions taken into account. PMID- 7314405 TI - [Role of lymphography in determining a lymph flow blockage and the level of lympholymphatic shunting in edema of the extremities]. AB - Different lymphographic methods were used for determining the disturbances of the lymph flow and the levels of the lympho-lymphatic shunts in 139 patients having edema of the upper (70) and lower (69) extremities. A conclusion is made that the generally accepted method of lymphography by means of the administration of a contrast substance into the vessels of one collector in some cases can not reveal the first symptoms of partial block of the lymph flow in clinical manifestation of edema. The successive lymphography of several collectors is necessary. With its aid the author has found that under normal conditions and in mild edemas they fulfil drainage separately, and in the expanded zone of edema they compensate the activity of one another. PMID- 7314406 TI - [Role of the musculovenous "pump" in draining the subcutaneous veins in varicose disease of the lower extremities]. AB - The two-system phlebotonometry of lower extremities in 50 patients with varicose disease enabled the authors to make a conclusion about the great role of the duration of that phase of diastole when the blood runs from superficial veins into deep ones promoting the evacuation of the congested blood. This phase was found to be considerably shorter and even to disappear completely in patients at the decompensation stage. The drainage function of the musculo-venous "pump" is disturbed in patients with the varicose disease of the lower extremities and the degree of its insufficiency is in direct relation with the degree of the disease. PMID- 7314407 TI - [Antithrombotic therapy principles in acute thromboses of the major veins]. AB - The main principle of the antithrombotic therapy in acute thrombosis of major veins is to eliminate the thrombotic state of the homeostasis system by means of a simultaneous correction of pathological changes in all the three main links of this system. The authors believe the joint application of anticoagulants, antiaggregants and fibrinolysis activators to be necessary for the elimination of the state mentioned. The doses should be chosen in order to normalize the parameters of hemocoagulation, fibrinolysis and aggregation of thrombocytes. PMID- 7314408 TI - [Temporary occlusion of the bronchi in acute pyopneumothorax]. PMID- 7314409 TI - [Osteomyelitis of the clavicle as a complication of subclavian vein catheterization]. PMID- 7314410 TI - [Lymphangiosarcoma of the upper extremity after mastectomy for cancer]. PMID- 7314411 TI - Toxicity of Datura stramonium to sheep and goats. AB - The toxicity of daily oral administration of Datura stramonium to Desert sheep and Nubian goats was studied. The main clinical signs were disturbances in locomotion, fasciculation, hyperesthesia, rapid respiration, and reduced water intake. There were increases in the concentrations of aspartate amino-transferase and ammonia and decreases of total protein and magnesium in the serum of Datura poisoned animals. In this study Desert sheep appeared to be more susceptible to the effects of Datura stramonium than were Nubian goats. PMID- 7314412 TI - Examination of Mexican vanilla extracts for coumarin adulteration, part III - quantitative determination of coumarin. PMID- 7314413 TI - Effect of a neurotic pesticide, endosulfan, on tissue blood flow in cats, including regional cerebral circulation. AB - The effect of a neurotoxic pesticide, endosulfan (0.5, 1.0 or 2 mg/kg iv) was studied in pentobarbital anesthetized and paralysed cats on systemic and regional hemodynamic variables using the radioactive microsphere technique. The pesticide caused hypertension, pupillary dilatation and an increase in cardiac output and peripheral resistance. Since the above changes coincided with spike discharges in the EEG, and since there was also a profuse salivation indicating augmentation of parasympathetic activity as well, endosulfan was apparently acting within the brain to increase autonomic activity. The microsphere technique revealed that the cardiac output was preferentially redistributed to the heart and the brain at the cost of the fraction going to the kidneys, lungs, muscles and large intestine. In particular, there was a tremendous increase in cerebral blood flow (6 folds) which was more marked in diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres. Though enhanced brain metabolism due to EEG seizures is undoubtedly responsible for the increase in cerebral blood flow it is probably not the only factor. In conclusion, endosulfan acts within the brain to produce both autonomic and somatic toxicity. PMID- 7314414 TI - Mexican good-luck charm potentially dangerous. PMID- 7314415 TI - An integrated model for childhood preventive programs. PMID- 7314416 TI - The role of plasma kinins in anaphylaxis. PMID- 7314417 TI - The importance of accurate recording and optimal treatment of dye ingestions. PMID- 7314418 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of Pancoast's tumor]. PMID- 7314419 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of pulmonary aspergillomas]. PMID- 7314420 TI - [Assessment of bronchial respiratory motility by using an x-ray study method]. PMID- 7314421 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 7314422 TI - [Use of venography of the posterior mediastinum in cancer and nontumorous diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 7314424 TI - [Cinekymography in the multiple x-ray study of the contractile capacity of the left ventricle in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7314423 TI - [Importance of x-ray study in total anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins]. PMID- 7314425 TI - [Left ventricular contractile asynergy in acquired heart defects]. PMID- 7314426 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of central bronchial adenomas]. PMID- 7314427 TI - [X-ray picture in unstable bone fractures and in closed compression-distraction osteosynthesis]. PMID- 7314428 TI - [Use of x-ray prints with dyes]. PMID- 7314429 TI - [Differential diagnosis of lobar and segmental lung shadows (a lecture)]. PMID- 7314430 TI - [Area size of x-ray diagnostic offices]. PMID- 7314431 TI - [Advantages of side-view chest x-rays taken with the patient in a deeply bent posture]. PMID- 7314432 TI - [Use of the Elektronika L1-08 videotape recorder and Krym-217 television set in x ray studies]. PMID- 7314433 TI - [Method of computing the bifurcation section in tomography of the tracheobronchial tree]. PMID- 7314434 TI - [Case of alveolar microlithiasis]. PMID- 7314435 TI - [Case of a cavernous aortic fistula]. PMID- 7314436 TI - [Absence of the vena cava inferior]. PMID- 7314437 TI - [Changes in the kidneys and upper urinary tracts in dyshidrotic eczema based on x ray study data]. PMID- 7314438 TI - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis of gout]. PMID- 7314439 TI - [Traumatic dislocation of D XI]. PMID- 7314440 TI - [Etiology and epizootiology of gastrointestinal Strongylata infections in sheep]. AB - A helminthologic study was carried out of 100 sheep and 79 weaned lambs affected with strongylatosis, originating from 90 communities. Ovoscopic, clinical, and epizootiologic investigations were conducted with the infected flocks. It was found that these infections were caused by a number of Strongylata species belonging to 8 genera. Two forms of the disease were observed-enzootic and sporadic. They were found to run their course in strict correlation with the season. In weaned lambs the enzootic diseases started in July, had a peak in September, and receded late in the autumn and winter. In adult sheep enzootic outbreaks were observed in November and December. Most numerous were the cases in winter, reaching a peak value in the month of March. Insufficient feeding was shown to be a predisposing factor contributing to the clinical manifestation of strongylatosis. With lambs worming should be carried out prophylactically three times-in June, September, and December, while the sheep it should take place once in December or January. PMID- 7314441 TI - [Congenital tremor in piglets]. AB - One of the forms of congenital myoclonia in pigs is described for the first time. Epizootologic, clinical, and morphological studies on the syndrome have been carried out, and a description of the clinical, morphologic, and histopathological findings are given. All pigs that exhibited the syndrome have shown double and triple hypoplasia of the cerebellum. Results obtained so far give no reason to assume, resp., demonstrate the etiologic essence of the syndrome. Investigations in this connection are under way. PMID- 7314442 TI - [Effect of air ionization with a constant flow of air ions on broilers]. AB - Studies were carried out to establish the effect of a regime of invariable air ionization on chicken broilers at a constant rate of air ions (10000-15000 per cm3). It was found that birds raised under such conditions showed lower mortality and used lower amount of feed per kilogram of body weight. With regard to weight gain, however, the results were contradictory, which spoke of the fact that the tested regime of air ionization was imperfect. PMID- 7314443 TI - [Morphological blood changes in calves with secondary immune blood transfusion shock caused by the recipients' immune erythrocyte isoantibodies]. AB - Investigations were carried out with 10 clinically normal calves, aged 1 to 6 months, through transfusion of 2-4 cm3/kg incompatible isogenic blood against which the recipients had immune isoerythrocyte antibodies of 1:2 to 1:32 titers. All animals, were studied for hemoglobin content, total erythrocyte and leukocyte count, leukocyte formula, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) prior to the transfusion of blood and at the 1st, 4th and 24th hour and on the 4th and 7th day. An abrupt drop of hemoglobin was established at the 1st and 4th hour following hemotransfusion, while the erythrocytes dropped at the 4th hour. Within the remaining periods of time these two indices fluctuated around the normal value. Low or high ESR/1 and 2 hours showed no connection with the changes in the erythrocyte count. Lasting leukopenia was established along with transient eosinopenia, well exposed neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis. PMID- 7314444 TI - [Changes in the biochemical and hematological indices of chickens raised under high temperature and humidity]. AB - Biochemical and hematological investigations were carried out with broilers raised at extreme temperature and humidity regimes-high temperature in combination with high relative humidity. Under the effect of high temperature (30 35 degrees C) and high relative humidity of the air (85-95 per cent) there was noted a rise of the lymphocytes and monocytes and a drop of the basophile, eosinophile, and pseudoeosinophile leukocytes in the white blood picture. After vaccination of the birds of the test groups with the vaccinal La Sota strain the blood serum showed negative titers. It was found that the Ca and P content in the blood serum of such broilers was higher as compared with that of the control group. PMID- 7314445 TI - [Concentration and retention time of ampicillin trihydrate in the blood serum when used internally with ruminants]. AB - Studied was the resorption of ampicillin-trihydrate in the digestive tract and its retention in the blood serum of lambs (at rates of 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg body weight), sheep (at rates of 50, and 70 mg/kg body weight), and calves (at rates of 30, 50, and 70 mg/kg b. w.) when applied in the form of a 10 per cent water sus ensior and gelatine capsules. It was found that the blood levels and the time of retention of ampicillin at its oral application to ruminants were directly correlated with the amount applied, the drug form of the antibiotic, and the age of the animals. The oral use with calves aged 15 days at the rates mentioned in the form of a water suspension diluted with milk led to peak concentrations at the second hour. In this case ampicillin-trihydrate was retained in the blood serum in the course of 12 hr regardless of the amount applied. The serum levels of the product in 2.5-month-old calves used at 50 and 70 mg/kg in the form of a water suspension were either traces or could not be defined at all, while in calves at the same age the milk-diluted ampicillin suspension in the doses referred to showed bacteriostatic concentrations. PMID- 7314446 TI - [Uterotonic action of extracts from a group of medicinal plants]. AB - Water extracts (infusions) from a group of medicinal plants were studied in terms of their activity enhancing the uterine tonus in a series of experiments with a preparation of an isolated rabbit and guinea pig uterine horn. In a final extract concentration of 1 to 2 mg crude drug per 1 cm3 the plants ranked in the following descending order with regard to their tonus-raising effect on the uterus: camomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), potmarigold calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cockscomb (Celosia cristata L.), plantain (Plantago lanceolata L. et Plantago major L.), symphytum (Symphytum officinale L.), shepherdspurse (Capsella bursa pastoris L.), St.-John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). No effect showed the infusions of flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) and bearberry leaves (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L.). The combined preparation 'Antiinflamin', consisting of a pooled freeze-dried extract from three plants and chemotherapeutic agents produced a good enhancing effect, in the form of 'comprets' for intrauterine application at the rate of one compret per 2500 cm3. PMID- 7314447 TI - [Physical methods (ultrasound) and disinfecting agents for decontaminating the water in poultry meat processing]. AB - Productional and laboratory experiments were carried out to study the effect of ultra sound with a view to decontaminating the water in the vats for cooling poultry carcasses and skin cover as well as that of disinfection means (inkosan, actofor, yomil S, chalamide, and chloramin). In vitro studies revealed that the use of ultra sound in the decontamination of cooling water and poultry meat surface did not produce the necessary effect. The iodofor preparations inkosan and yomil S as well as the agents chalamide and chloramine added in fixed concentrations to the water in cooling vats were not shown to be able to inactivate Salmonella organisms on the surface of experimentally contaminated poultry carcasses. Inkosan at the rate of 1:1000, and yomil S at 0.2 and 0.4 per cent produced a 100 per cent bactericidal effect against the microflora in vat waters regardless of their initial contamination. Except for yomil S at 0.4 per cent these agents did not affect the organoleptic properties of poultry meat. PMID- 7314448 TI - RNA and polypeptide homology among murine coronaviruses. PMID- 7314449 TI - Tunicamycin resistant glycosylation of coronavirus glycoprotein: demonstration of a novel type of viral glycoprotein. PMID- 7314450 TI - Viral messenger RNAs in six lines of adenovirus-transformed cells. PMID- 7314451 TI - Transformation by adenovirus early region 2A temperature-sensitive mutants and their revertants. PMID- 7314452 TI - A simple explanation of the induced size effect. PMID- 7314453 TI - The statistical efficiency for detecting sinusoidal modulation of average dot density in random figures. PMID- 7314454 TI - Behavioral studies of stimulus deprivation amblyopia in monkeys. PMID- 7314455 TI - A power law for perceived contrast in human vision. PMID- 7314456 TI - Interocular transfer of the motion after-effect is not reduced by binocular rivalry. PMID- 7314457 TI - Visual acuity development in infant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) having known gestational ages. PMID- 7314458 TI - Dark adaptation in five-year-old children and adults. PMID- 7314459 TI - The physiological basis of variations in visual latency. PMID- 7314460 TI - Contrast sensitivity of the changing-size channel. PMID- 7314461 TI - Visuomotor perimetry in fish: a new approach to the functional analysis of altered visual pathways. PMID- 7314462 TI - Sighting dominance: an explanation based on the processing of visual direction in tests of sighting dominance. PMID- 7314463 TI - Spatial frequency effects in masking by light. PMID- 7314464 TI - A microspectrophotometric study of normal and artificial visual pigments in the photoreceptors of Xenopus laevis. PMID- 7314465 TI - Properties of a blue-sensitive rod in the Xenopus retina. PMID- 7314467 TI - Blue cone input to the photopic electroretinogram of the turtle Pseudemys. PMID- 7314466 TI - Variations in brightness at two retinal locations. PMID- 7314468 TI - A continuously recording retinal densitometer. PMID- 7314469 TI - Metacontrast in hue substitution. PMID- 7314471 TI - Variation of curvature in binocular visual space estimated by the triangle method. PMID- 7314470 TI - Alpha-stripes: a spatial periodicity appearing in stroboscopically illuminated moving random dot patterns. PMID- 7314472 TI - Photoreactions of cephalopod rhodopsin. PMID- 7314473 TI - Rod and cone visual pigments in the goldfish. PMID- 7314474 TI - Peripheral contrast reversal inhibits visually evoked potentials in the fovea. PMID- 7314475 TI - Computer controlled color mixer with laser primaries. PMID- 7314476 TI - Contact lenses change the projection of visual field onto rabbit peripheral retina. PMID- 7314477 TI - One brush tailed possum can browse as much pasture as 0.06 sheep which may indicate why this "arboreal" animal has a visual streak: some comments on the "terrain" theory. PMID- 7314478 TI - Additive effect of backgrounds in chromatic induction. PMID- 7314479 TI - Flickering phantoms: a motion illusion without motion. PMID- 7314480 TI - Spectral sensitivity of human infants at absolute visual threshold. PMID- 7314481 TI - Binocular luminance detection: availability of more than one central interaction. PMID- 7314482 TI - Manipulating the contrast of sine wave gratings and other light distributions using polaroid. PMID- 7314483 TI - Effects of products of phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipases on rhodopsin thermal stability in photoreceptor membranes. PMID- 7314484 TI - The role of cortico-geniculate projections in the loss of Y-cells in monocularly deprived cats. PMID- 7314485 TI - Contrast detection and near-threshold discrimination in human vision. PMID- 7314486 TI - Naso-temporal asymmetries in human amblyopia consequence of long-term interocular suppression. PMID- 7314487 TI - Binocular interaction in the peripheral visual field of humans with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. PMID- 7314488 TI - Suppression of the blackout due to blinks. PMID- 7314489 TI - Amacrine cells, bipolar cells and ganglion cells of the cat retina: a Golgi study. PMID- 7314490 TI - Discrimination at threshold: labelled detectors in human vision. PMID- 7314491 TI - The fine-grain movement illusion: a perceptual probe of neuronal connectivity in the human visual system. PMID- 7314492 TI - An analytic, gradient index schematic lens and eye for the rat which predicts aberrations for finite pupils. PMID- 7314493 TI - Learning in grating waveform discrimination: specificity for orientation and spatial frequency. PMID- 7314494 TI - Cyclic amplitude, variations of a slow ERG off-effect, the h-wave, in the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 7314495 TI - High frequency limitations on Mach bands. PMID- 7314496 TI - Steady state adaptation in the ground squirrel retina: PIII and B-wave intensity response functions. PMID- 7314497 TI - Rod-cone interaction on large and small backgrounds. PMID- 7314498 TI - [3H]-dopamine uptake in the dark-adapted fish retina. PMID- 7314499 TI - Detection of differential displacements of random dot patterns at different dot densities. PMID- 7314500 TI - Limits of the pigeon's binocular field and direction for best binocular viewing. PMID- 7314501 TI - Psychophysical relationships among mechanisms sensitive to pattern, motion and flicker. PMID- 7314502 TI - The influence of field size upon the spatial frequency response of optokinetic nystagmus. PMID- 7314503 TI - Wavelength dependence of the shape of foveal absolute threshold probability of detection functions. PMID- 7314504 TI - Temporal impulse and step responses of the human eye obtained psychophysically by means of a drift-correcting perturbation technique. PMID- 7314505 TI - The foveal point spread function as a determinant for detail vision. PMID- 7314506 TI - The effect of spatial frequency on colour selectivity in the tilt illusion. PMID- 7314507 TI - Orientation specificity in the visible persistence for checkerboards. PMID- 7314508 TI - Two components to visible persistence: effects of orientation and contrast. PMID- 7314509 TI - Oblique effects in normally reared monkeys (Macaca nemestrina): meridional variations in contrast sensitivity measured with operant techniques. PMID- 7314510 TI - Transient desensitization of a red-green opponent site. PMID- 7314511 TI - Effect of retinal blur on the peak latency of the pattern evoked potential. PMID- 7314512 TI - The influence of the spatial distribution of a target on the dynamic response and fluctuations of the accommodation of the human eye. PMID- 7314513 TI - Displacement thresholds for unidirectional and oscillatory movement. PMID- 7314514 TI - Physiological and morphological identification of amacrine cells in the retina of the larval tiger salamander. PMID- 7314515 TI - Paradoxical pupillary constriction in dark reared chicks. PMID- 7314516 TI - Large loss of visual sensitivity to flashed peripheral targets. PMID- 7314517 TI - Electrical properties of cones isolated form the tiger salamander retina. PMID- 7314518 TI - The luminance dependence of spatial vision in the cat. PMID- 7314519 TI - Punctate sensitivity of the blue-sensitive mechanism. PMID- 7314520 TI - Flicker masking in spatial vision. PMID- 7314521 TI - Differences between flicker and non-flicker persistence tasks: the effects of luminance and the number of cycles in a grating target. PMID- 7314522 TI - Latency for the perceived offset of brief target gratings. PMID- 7314523 TI - The spatial frequency dependence of interocular transfer in amblyopes. PMID- 7314525 TI - On the birefringence of the living human eye. PMID- 7314524 TI - Prediction of the visibility of asynchronous gratings by a single-channel model. PMID- 7314527 TI - On matching colours. PMID- 7314526 TI - Perceived direction of motion under retinal image stabilization. PMID- 7314528 TI - [Cyclophosphamide and the heart muscle]. PMID- 7314529 TI - [Myxoma in the left heart auricle]. PMID- 7314530 TI - [The importance of long term monitoring in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7314531 TI - [Electrocardiographic manifestations of calcium antagonists]. PMID- 7314532 TI - [Rehabilitation after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7314533 TI - [The pros and cons of exercise therapy in rehabilitation after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7314534 TI - [Results of early rehabilitation in the Sliac spa after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7314535 TI - [Risk of death due to cardiovascular causes after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 7314536 TI - [A 3 year study of pharmacotherapy of vascular hypertension in the Most District]. PMID- 7314537 TI - [Exercise tolerance and working capacity of the left ventricle after pharmacologic disruption of atrial fibrillation and restoration of sinus rhythm]. PMID- 7314538 TI - [Echocardiographic picture of the diabetic heart]. PMID- 7314539 TI - [Clinical course of acute myocardial infarction in manifest diabetes]. PMID- 7314540 TI - [Epidemiology of latent and manifest ischemic heart disease in automobile industry workers]. PMID- 7314541 TI - [Phonocardiographic and polygraphic findings in persons with implanted pacemakers]. PMID- 7314542 TI - [Success and perspectives in the development of health care and medical sciences in the USSR]. PMID- 7314543 TI - [Juvenile hypertension]. PMID- 7314544 TI - [Fibroscopy and supplementary methods in the detection of gastric cancer. I. Endoscopy and directed biopsy]. PMID- 7314545 TI - [Fibroscopy and supplementary methods in the detection of gastric cancer. II. Brush cytology]. PMID- 7314546 TI - [The relation of age and sex to the incidence of liver metastases in malignant tumors]. PMID- 7314549 TI - [Kidney dilution ability and water excretion capacity in old age]. PMID- 7314547 TI - [Acidifying activity of the kidneys in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 7314548 TI - [Changes in serum lipids in chronic renal insufficiency and failure]. PMID- 7314550 TI - [Favorable effect of hypercalcemia on glucose utilization in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 7314551 TI - [Analysis of complete atrioventricular block with accelerated rhythm in acute myocardial infarction from the viewpoint of the trifascicular theory]. PMID- 7314552 TI - [An unusual course of systemic lupus erythematosus in a man with Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 7314553 TI - [Problems in plasmapheresis (transfusions and clinical aspects)]. PMID- 7314554 TI - [Philosophical bases of the holistic theory in medicine]. PMID- 7314555 TI - [Training of teachers for the military departments of medical colleges]. PMID- 7314556 TI - [Method of teaching military field surgery]. PMID- 7314557 TI - [Massive blood transfusion in surgery]. PMID- 7314558 TI - [Current questions concerning effective rehabilitation therapy]. PMID- 7314559 TI - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of infectious, allergic myocarditis and primary rheumocarditis]. PMID- 7314560 TI - [Health inspection characteristics of military food service installations]. PMID- 7314562 TI - [Work capacity of sailors with a changed work and rest regimen]. PMID- 7314561 TI - [Resolution capacity of the hearing analyzer in flight personnel]. PMID- 7314563 TI - [Treatment of leg bone fractures]. PMID- 7314564 TI - [Mitral prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 7314567 TI - [Psychoprophylactic work with younger replacements in a military construction detachment]. PMID- 7314566 TI - [Universal litter-securing attachment for the USP-G trucks]. PMID- 7314565 TI - [Role of physical training in preventing ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7314568 TI - [Organization of oral hygiene for servicemen]. PMID- 7314570 TI - [Daily attention to the creation of high moral and professional qualities in medical personnel]. PMID- 7314571 TI - [Operative medical control of the status of the pilot in flight]. PMID- 7314569 TI - [Problems in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 7314572 TI - [Incorporation of labeled precursors into hematopoietic tissue DNA under prolonged gamma irradiation]. PMID- 7314573 TI - [Lactate level in the tissues of animals with a tumor administered oxythiamine and the properties of lactate dehydrogenase]. AB - Content of lactate in blood, liver and kidney tissues, skeletal muscle and in tumor tissue as well as some properties of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isolated from liver tissue, were studied in three groups of rats - intact rats, the tumor bearing animals with sarcoma S-45 and the tumor-bearing rats treated with hydroxythiamin within 22 days. In skeletal muscle on the side of the tumor localization content of lactate was decreased as compared with the opposite side of the body. As shown by analysis of correlation between the content of lactate and the tumor weight and the lactate concentration in the tumor-bearing rat tissues studied, the tumor appears to be responsible for consumption but not for production of lactate. Hydroxythiamin altered distinctly the ratio of lactate content in various tissues and normalized the liver tissue LDH isoenzyme spectrum in tumor-bearing rats; the vitamin decreased 9- and 15-fold the enzyme specific activity in oxidation of lactate in presence of NAD+ and NADP, respectively. After the hydroxythiamin treatment the apparent KM value of the enzyme, isolated from the tumor-bearing rat liver tissue, was increased with pyruvate and decreased with lactate as substrate. PMID- 7314574 TI - [Effect of nerobolil on higher fatty acid metabolism in the rat liver normally and in disordered protein metabolism]. AB - Metabolism of fatty acids in rat liver tissue and content of albumin in blood of control rats as well as in the animals with impaired protein metabolism as a result of thermic trauma were studied under conditions of nerobolyl treatment (5 mg per kg of body mass within a day) of different duration. After daily administration of the drug (within 13 days) into control rats and into the animals with burns, content of oleic and linoleic acids was decreased in liver tissue but the content of 5,8,11-eicosatrienic acid and total monoenic acids with uneven amount of carbon atoms was increased with simultaneous decrease in albumin concentration in blood. Metabolism of fatty acids was altered only slightly in liver tissue of healthy animals after nerobolyl administration within three weeks (with an interval for 3-4 days); under conditions of the thermic trauma nerobolyl normalized the fatty acids metabolism in liver tissue and increased the albumin content in blood. PMID- 7314576 TI - [Extraerythrocytic hemoglobin and iron-containing hemoglobin destruction products: the system of intensifying the toxic effect of hyperoxia]. PMID- 7314575 TI - [Effect of early visual deprivation on GABA transaminase activity in the brain structures of dogs]. AB - Activity of GABA-transaminase was distinctly decreased as compared with controls in all the brain structures studied in animals growing under conditions of early visual deprivation. At the same time, alterations were developed in synthesis of glutamic and aspartic acids and in their ratio. Biosynthesis of glutamic acid was decreased 2-fold in parietal cortex region and in cerebellum of 45 day-old animals, less distinct decrease in the amino acid synthesis was observed in the locomotion brain region of the animals as compared with controls. At an age of 90 days, to the contrary, most distinct decrease (3-fold) in glutamic acid synthesis occurred in the locomotion region and a less distinct decrease - in cerebellum. Synthesis of aspartic acid was less distinctly altered in the deprived animals; it was decreased in cerebellum of both age groups of animals, in parietal cortex region - only in the group of 90 day-old animals and unaltered - in locomotion region of both animal groups. The values of the glutamic/aspartic acid ratio were also decreased. The pattern was quite similar in all the brain structures studied of 45 day-old animals; in the 90 day-old animals the corresponding ratios of the amino acids were increased in cerebellum, only slightly increased - in locomotion region of brain cortex and they were decreased in parietal cortex region. PMID- 7314577 TI - [Anticoagulant effect of phosphatidylserine]. AB - Intravenous administration of phosphatidyl serine emulsion (30 and 60 mg/kg of body mass) was accompanied by an immediate decrease in the coagulation activity of blood, intensity and duration of which were dose-dependent. Phosphatidyl serine inhibited formation of thrombin in the prothrombin complex, activated by tissue thromboplastin or factor Xa in presence of Ca2+ in vitro. Kinetics of inhibition was similar in both cases, thus suggesting the interrelationship of phosphatidyl serine with prothrombin. Phosphatidyl serine inhibited also the effect of factor Xa on synthetic substrate BAME, interacting with the latter; these data were corroborated by study of absorbance spectra of phosphatidyl serine, BAME and their mixture. Thus, phosphatidyl serine inhibited thrombinogenesis due to a decrease of the interaction rate between factors Xa and II. Effect of phosphatidyl serine on activation of factor X required a special study. Phosphatidyl serine appears to participate in blood stabilization. PMID- 7314578 TI - [Lysosomal glycosidases, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase in experimental inflammation]. AB - Inflammation of rat hypodermic tissue was accompanied by an increase in activity of lysosomal glycosidases beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucuronidase in the proliferating tissue and in some other preparations studied. Activation of lactate dehydrogenase/LDH/in exudate of inflamed tissues indicated apparently that the rate of redox reactions was elevated under conditions of the tissue proliferation. Decrease of creatine phosphokinase activity in blood plasma of experimental animals, which occurred simultaneously with the LDH activation, enabled to suggest the presence of compensatory mechanisms responsible for energy providing of the tissue proliferation. PMID- 7314579 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolic indices in the lungs of rats in repeated and chronic hypoxia]. AB - Inhibition of glycogen and glucose synthesis as well as of hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and an increase in content of lactate were found in rats after repeated (within 7 days) and chronic (within 35 days) hypoxic treatment ("height 9000 m, daily exposure in an altitude chamber during 6 hrs). Exhaustion of glycogen stores in lungs developed while the chronic hypoxia was maintained. Sex variations were observed in the main patterns of carbohydrate metabolism in lungs. Under conditions of chronic hypoxia content of glucose was higher and the hexokinase activity was lower in lungs of female rats as compared with that of male rats. PMID- 7314580 TI - [Role of the vagus nerves in regulating the activity of the pentosephosphate carbohydrate metabolic pathway in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes]. AB - Activity of key enzymes of pentosephosphate pathway glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and transketolase was similar in extracts of thymus and mesenteric lymphatic ganglia. Within four weeks after dissection of vagus nerve at the level of thyroid gland the specific activity of G6PD and the total activity of the enzymes metabolizing ribose-5-phosphate were not altered in the tissue studied. The transketolase activity was inhibited in thymus tissue and lymphoid cells after right-side vagotomy. The pH-dependence of the transketolase reaction was studied in thymus extracts. After vagotomy the enzymatic activity was lower at all the pH values as compared with controls; the enzyme optimum activity was found at pH 7.5-7.8. PMID- 7314581 TI - [Change in the fatty acid composition of the brain and spinal cord lipids in white rats during supercooling and adaptation]. AB - Adaptation to supercooling did not affect distinctly the fatty acid composition of brain total lipids but altered the fatty acid composition of phospholipids: amount of unsaturated acids was increased mainly due to an increase in concentrations of oleic, arachidonic and docosapentaenic acids. The same alterations occurred in brain phospholipids of the animals after a single cooling. The content of unsaturated fatty acids (mono-, dienic and polyenic acids) was distinctly decreased in spinal cord lipids during adaptation to supercooling. In the phospholipid fraction content of polyenic acid was only slightly decreased, while the content of moo- and dienic acids was considerably diminished. Decrease in content of polyenic acids was the most distinct in the animals, subjected to single supercooling immediately before decapitation. PMID- 7314582 TI - [Phospholipid study of myopathy patients]. AB - Distinct increase in content of blood serum total phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidyl choline was observed in 14 boys with the primary X-linkaged myopathy, Dushenne type, at the first phase of the disease. As the impairment developed, content of total phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine was slightly decreased but concentration of lysophosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin was kept as high as the initial level. PMID- 7314583 TI - [Total and neutral lipid content in mouse myocardial tissue as affected by typhoid endotoxin]. AB - Content of total lipids was markedly increased in mice myocardium after intraperitoneal administration of typhoid endotoxins, isolated as described by Bouivene (preparation B) and by Westphal (preparation W). Concentrations of triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, esterified and free cholesterol were mainly altered. Mono- and diacylglycerols occurred in myocardial neutral lipids within 24 hrs after the treatment with LD100 of endotoxins and within 36 hrs after the treatment with LD50 of endotoxins. The alterations observed tended to disappear within 5 days after administration of the preparation "W" LD50. Possible effects of typhoid endotoxin on lipid metabolism in myocardium are discussed. PMID- 7314584 TI - [Glucocorticoid receptor level in the blood leukocytes in different acute diseases]. AB - Content of glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol of blood leukocytes, concentration of cortisol and amount of leukocytes in blood were studied in 20 patients with acute impairments within the second day of the disease. Content of receptors in cytosol of blood leukocytes was studied using 3H-triamcinolone acetonide. Distinct increase in amount of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptors was found in patients with poisoning by dichlorethane and hypnotic drugs under conditions of acute myocardial infarction. In acute pancreatitis content of the leukocyte receptors was not altered as compared with controls. Concentration of endogenous cortisol was increased in blood of all the patients, except of the cases of acetate intoxication. Reverse correlation was observed between concentration of cortisol in blood and content of glucocorticoid receptors in leukocytes. But in the patients with acute pancreatitis the decrease in content of leukocyte glucocorticoid receptors was not observed although there was an increase in cortisol concentration in blood. The role of glucocorticoid receptors in immunological processes under conditions of purulent complications and possibility to regulate the metabolism in leukocytes are discussed. PMID- 7314585 TI - [Activity and stability of liver mitochondrial membrane polyenzyme systems in chronic allergic ulcerative colitis]. AB - Activity of NADH-, succinate- and cytochrome c oxidase systems of respiratory chain from rat liver mitochondrial membranes was studied in animals with various type of liver impairment under conditions of chronic allergic ulcerous colitis. Activity of the polyenzymatic systems did not exhibit marked differences as compared with the controls in fatty and chronic dystrophy but the activity was considerably increased if chronic dystrophy progressed and hepatitis developed. In chronic allergic ulcerous colitis resistance of the polyenzymatic oxidase systems to heat treatment was decreased in liver mitochondrial membranes. Under conditions of the pathology proteins and phospholipids from mitochondrial membranes were especially sensitive to the effect of trypsin and phospholipase; the rate of reactions correlated well with the severity of the liver impairment. Development of latent impairments in liver mitochondrial membranes was shown to depend on the severity of the pathological process. PMID- 7314586 TI - [Specific and nonspecific immunity indices in a varying vitamin E allowance in rats]. AB - Vitamin E deficiency within 1.5 and 3 months did not cause in rats any significant immunological impairments in natural and specific immunity. At the same time, after additional administration of vitamin E into rats at a dose of 100 IU within 3 days, the mass of thymus was increased, blasttransformation activity of lymphocytes was stimulated as well as an increase in titres of normal Vi-antibodies and activation of lysosomal enzymes in blood serum were also detected. PMID- 7314587 TI - [Apoprotein metabolic rate of high density lipoproteins in rat blood plasma normally and in exposure to an alimentary factor]. AB - Experiments with rats, maintained on a natural diet as well as on diets containing various amount of carbohydrates and fat, showed that the rate of turnover of high density apoproteins was high, half-life of apoprotein A-I was equal to 1.06 day, the rate of apoprotein A-II turnover was lower - its half-life was about 3 days. The diets containing high amount of carbohydrates and fat caused dissimilar effects on the rate of apoprotein A-I metabolism. PMID- 7314588 TI - [Blood transketolase activity and the TDP effect as indices of thiamine body allowance]. AB - Protein-bound and free forms of thiamin diphosphate (TDP) (separated by dialysis and gel filtration) were found in rat erythrocytes. Content of TDP in blood did not correlate with the transketolase activity at the initial steps of B1 avitaminosis. Decrease of the DTP total amount in blood by more than 80% did not affect distinctly the transketolase activity. As shown by binding of 14C-TDP during the equilibrium dialysis and gel filtration, the apotransketolase did not occur in erythrocytes of thiamin-deficient rats. Activation of transketolase, which occurred after addition of 50 mg TDP into the whole blood lysates (TDP effect), was characteristic for the later steps of the avitaminosis; it depended rather on leukocyte than on erythrocyte transketolase. Estimation of TDP concentration in blood was the most suitable assay for a body providing with thiamin at the early steps of the avitaminosis. The accuracy of the coenzyme estimation was decreased within 15-30 days of the avitaminosis due to its drastic lowering. In this case, determination of the transketolase activity was the most suitable criterion. The thiamin-binding protein, found in erythrocytes, appears to participate in transport of the vitamin across erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 7314589 TI - [Effect of immobilization stress on the diacyl and plasmalogen forms of phospholipids in different rat organs and tissues]. PMID- 7314590 TI - [Changes in the indices affecting the phospholipid structure of high density lipoprotein subfractions in ischemic heart disease]. AB - As the alpha-cholesterol concentration decreased in blood plasma of healthy men, relative content of oleic and linoleic acids was also decreased in phospholipids of HDL2 subfraction without any alterations in HDL3 fraction. In the patients with ischemic heart disease content of linoleic acid was lower in the phospholipids and the ratio free cholesterol (HDL2 phospholipids was higher as compared with the group of healthy persons exhibiting the similar low content of cholesterol in HDL. The molar ratio free cholesterol) phospholipids was higher in the HDL3 fraction of the patients as compared with healthy persons, however composition of fatty acids was unaltered in the phospholipids Activity of lecithine cholesterol acyltransferase was lower in the patients as compared with healthy persons exhibiting the same content of cholesterol in HDL. Administration of heparin into the patients was responsible for an increase in the level of unsaturated phospholipids in HDL2 fraction (while they decreased in VLDL/as well as for a decrease in the ratio cholesterol/phospholipids. The data obtained suggest that alterations in the physico-chemical properties of the fraction studied might affect the antiatherogenic characteristics of HDL. PMID- 7314591 TI - [Emission spectroscopic determination of the 15N in the ammonia and amino acids isolated from biological material]. AB - A procedure for preparation of samples is described for emission-spectroscopic estimation of 15N in ammonia, glutamic aspartic acids, leucine and glycine using 15N-analyzer NOI-5. The assay involved separation of ammonia and amino acids by means of ion exchange chromatography, degradation of amino acids to ammonia its isolation by microdiffusion from buffers and subsequent reduction of ammonia to nitrogen. Amount of nitrogen in the samples was about 20 mg. The procedure enabled to estimate the content of 15N in ammonia and amino acids of physiological fluids. PMID- 7314592 TI - [Objective manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis characterizing its evolution. I. Method of quantitative evaluation of the degree of erosive arthritis and the rate of its progression in wrist and ankle joints]. PMID- 7314593 TI - [Comparative clinical trials of diagnostic criteria of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7314595 TI - [Changes in the microcirculation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during irradiation of affected joints with laser beams]. PMID- 7314594 TI - [Efficacy of ambulatory care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7314596 TI - [Current aspects of surgical treatment of joint diseases]. PMID- 7314597 TI - [Urinary glycosaminoglycans in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7314598 TI - [2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene test in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7314600 TI - [Clinico-functional characteristics of rheumatic heart disease in young patients]. PMID- 7314599 TI - [Possibilities of surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis in active phase]. PMID- 7314601 TI - [Causes of disability in rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 7314602 TI - [Certain aspects of work capacity evaluation in patients with nonrheumatic myocarditis]. PMID- 7314603 TI - [Streptococcal infection in certain population groups in Saaremaa Island (Estonian SSR)]. PMID- 7314604 TI - [Thermography in patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis]. PMID- 7314605 TI - [Certain aspects of rehabilitation and welfare of patients with chronic rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 7314606 TI - [Comparative evaluation of E,S,R. and sigma-E,S,R. in patients with rheumatic heart disease]. PMID- 7314607 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis and HLA antigens]. PMID- 7314608 TI - [Analysis of certain immunological indices of blood serum of patients with chronic hepatitis, and their changes after diet therapy including ethnic dairy products]. PMID- 7314610 TI - [Effect of vitamin K on glycolytic activity of erythrocytes of rats with hypervitaminosis D]. PMID- 7314609 TI - [Effect of antiatherosclerosis diet with different total caloric value on the level of high density lipoproteins cholesterol in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 7314611 TI - [Effect of vitamin K supply on tissue levels of hexosamine-containing glycolipids]. PMID- 7314612 TI - [Distribution of 14C-nicotinic acid in mice with Ehrlich ascites tumor]. PMID- 7314613 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in organs of guinea pigs during different vitamin C supply]. PMID- 7314614 TI - [Methodological approaches to the study of protein metabolism during early postnatal period of ontogenesis]. PMID- 7314615 TI - [Biological value of protein isolated from poultry by-products]. PMID- 7314616 TI - [Effect of certain types of food preservation on electrophoretic properties and hydrolysis rate after exposure to proteinases of cottage cheese proteins]. PMID- 7314617 TI - [Effect of different fats on the structure of blood vessel wall in rats subjected to cholesterol load]. PMID- 7314618 TI - [Role of nutritional factors in biological effect of xenobiotics]. PMID- 7314619 TI - [Effect of nitrites on the state of thyroid gland in iodine deficiency and different diets]. PMID- 7314620 TI - [Method of determination of N-nitrosoproline in food products]. PMID- 7314622 TI - [Protein composition and biological value of kumiss (mare's milk)]. PMID- 7314621 TI - [Physico-chemical characteristics of fat and fatty acid composition of lipids from camel milk]. PMID- 7314623 TI - [Determination of vitamycin A in organs and tissues of agricultural animals]. PMID- 7314624 TI - Intravital diagnosis of echinococcosis in men using immunological reactions. PMID- 7314626 TI - [Occurrence of nematode Decorataria decorata (Cram, 1927) Skrjabin, Soboler et Ivashkin, 1965 in Podiceps ruficollis (Pall. 1764) and Podiceps cristatus (L. 1758) in Poland]. PMID- 7314625 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge of Acari of small mammals from the subalpine zone of the Polish Tatra Mountains]. PMID- 7314627 TI - [Euthanasia between mercy death and allowing to die]. PMID- 7314628 TI - [Newborn of more than 4000 grams birthweight (author's transl)]. AB - Perinatal morbidity and mortality are well known to be higher in macrosomatic neonates, whose birthweight is 4000 g or more. 398 mothers of such macrosomatic infants and 7314 mothers of infants of normal weight were retrospectively reviewed for factors possibly influencing fetal weight. The following items were found to be statistically more frequent or predominant in the study group than in the controls: preconceptional obesity, weight gain of more than 20% during pregnancy, multiparae with an history of macrosomatic infants. Gestation-diabetes (prediabetes) and a family history of diabetes mellitus were observed rarely and did not seem to be of great significance. PMID- 7314630 TI - [Ferritin - determination and diagnostic significance]. PMID- 7314629 TI - [Gestational trophoblastic emboli as possible cause of an acute respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with gestational trophoblastic disease midtrimester abortion was induced by intravenous application of prostaglandin F2 alpha. After evacuation of the uterus the patient developed a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This syndrome has been described as resulting from trophoblastic emboli, hemorrhage shock, gestational osmotic imbalance or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Also an indirect side effect of prostaglandin has to be discussed. Patients who develop acute pulmonary complications after evacuation of a molar pregnancy appear to be at extremely high risk for persistent trophoblastic disease. The paper details the management and follow-up of this patient. PMID- 7314632 TI - [Adjuvant local BCG-immunotherapy in patients with urothel cancer of the bladder (author's transl)]. AB - 45 patients with urothel cancer of the bladder were examined clinically and immunologically and treated after transurethral resection with intravesical application of BCG as active unspecific immune therapy. The results of immunological cutaneous tests and the grade of peritumoral infiltration with immune competent cells were compared with histological grading and staging of the tumour. No significant relation between the results could be found. In a 2.5 years follow-up period a persistent tumour was found in 36% and a recurrence of the tumour in 59% of the patients. The intravesical instillation of BCG did not improve the prognosis. From the results of the immunological cutaneous tests together with the staging and grading of the tumour no reliable prediction of prognosis is possible. PMID- 7314631 TI - [Optimized sequential pacing of atrium and ventricle (author's transl]. AB - A new stimulation system for pacemaker is described, which was implanted in a 49 years old patient. The new pacemaker stimulates the atrium when needed, the ventricle when needed and both when needed and can be inhibited completely. At a faster atrial activity and disturbed atrio-ventricular conduction the pacemaker synchronizes the ventricle at the appropriate rate. Thus the optimized stimulation comes very near to the physiologic rhythm of the heart. PMID- 7314633 TI - [Quality of life after duodenopancreatectomy in patients with carcinoma of Vater's ampulla (author's transl)]. AB - Partial duodenopancreatectomy, which leads to poor long-term results in the treatment of cancer of the head of the pancreas, achieves 5 years survival rates of 30% in cancer of Vater's ampulla. A report is given on 3 patients, who could be cured of a cancer of Vater's ampulla by this procedure for more than 10 or 15 years respectively. The quality of life of these patients is satisfactory. As a late consequence diabetes mellitus occurred in 2 patients. PMID- 7314634 TI - [Treatment of Pseudomonas infections in children with cefsulodin (author's transl)]. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of twenty children in various age-groups were treated with Cefsulodin. Fifty percent of these cases received additional other antibiotics due to vital indication. In different underlying diseases such as IRDs, enteritis, omphalitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and urinary tract infection, this treatment achieved in eleven cases a lasting and in seven cases a temporary elimination of pseudomonas aeruginosa. No side effects were seen. PMID- 7314635 TI - [The "Vienna Health Study 79" (author's transl)]. AB - As an introduction to the following special articles, backgrounds, aims and modalities of the "Vienna Health Study 79" are exposed. A sample of 2,800 citizen of Vienna at the ages of 25, 40 and 60 years was examined medically to assess age specific prevalence figures of the most important chronic diseases and, additionally, of their relations to social and medical risk factors. PMID- 7314636 TI - [Cardiovascular diseases in Vienna. Epidemiological results of the "Vienna Health Study 1979"]. AB - Basing on the results of a prevalence study, carried out 1979 on 2,800 inhabitants of Vienna at the age of 25, 40 and 60 years respectively, frequencies of cardiovascular diseases and their epidemiologic relations to medical and social risk factors are dealt with. Special attention is given to hypertension. PMID- 7314638 TI - [Orthopedic diseases and deformities in Vienna. Results of the "Vienna Health Study 1979"]. PMID- 7314637 TI - [Chronic bronchitis in Vienna. Results of the "Vienna Health Study 1979"]. AB - The epidemiology of chronic bronchitis, including relations to other respiratory diseases, to social and professional factors and to smoking habits, is exposed in detail, using the results of an age-specific general prevalence study on 2,800 persons in Vienna 1979. PMID- 7314639 TI - [Obstructive respiratory disorders. Classification, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7314640 TI - Induction of paracetamol metabolism in the isolated perfused kidney. AB - 1. At a perfusate concn. of 3.5-4.0 mM, 59 plus or minus 9 nmol of paracetamol h per g wet wt. were oxidized by isolated rat kidney. 2. Approx. half the paracetamol undergoing oxidation was converted to a mercapturic acid metabolite and the remainder was covalently bound to kidney protein. 3. Addition of GSH to the perfusate decreased the level of covalent binding. Depletion of cellular GSH, by prior administration of diethyl maleate, significantly decreased formation of the mercapturic acid metabolite. 4. The metabolic pathways of glucoronylation, sulphation and mercapturic acid formation were induced either by 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatment or by prolonged feeding of aspirin or paracetamol; covalent binding of paracetamol to kidney protein was not increased. PMID- 7314642 TI - The metabolic fate of 3[H]econazole in man. AB - 1. Following single oral doses of 3[H]econazole base (500 mg) to two human subjects, excretion of radioactivity was prolonged, and incomplete after five days (means of 40% and 27% dose in urine and faeces respectively). 2. Plasma concn. of unchanged econazole and total radioactivity attained peak values at approx. the same for each subject (1.5 - 3h), but the former declined much faster than the latter. Most of the 3H in early plasma samples was present as unchanged drug and extractable metabolites, but after 24h concn. of econazole were close to the limit of detection (0.04 ug/ml) and very little plasma 3H was extractable, whereas total 3H concn. were still measurable after five days (mean 1.54 ug/ml). Thus, plasma contained metabolites with much longer half-lives than econazole. 3. The main route of biotransformation of econazole in man involved multiple oxidation of the imidazole ring carbons followed by O-dealkylation and conjugation of the resulting alcohols, probably with glucuronic acid. PMID- 7314641 TI - Stereoselective oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide in rats as measured by mercapturic acid excretion. AB - 1. Administration of styrene (I) and styrene oxide (II) to rats resulted in the excretion of 2-hydroxymercapturic acids, N-acetyl-S-(1-phenyl-2 hydroxyethyl)cysteine (III) and N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydrosyethyl)cysteine (IV). Each appeared to be a mixture of diastereoisomers. 2. Administration of optically pure styrene oxide resulted in formation of one set of diastereoisomers. Racemic styrene oxide gave equal amounts of diastereoisomers. Thus the opening of the epoxide ring by glutathione S-transferases was stereospecific and the transferases showed no preference for one of the isomers of styrene oxide. 3. After administration of styrene the observed ratio of the diastereoisomers for both hydroxymercapturic acids was about 1:4. This leads to the conclusion that there is a stereoselective oxidation of styrene to styrene oxide, with a preference for the R-isomer. PMID- 7314643 TI - Metabolism of promethazine in vitro. Identificaton of N-oxidized products. AB - 1. Incubation of promethazine (Ia) and desmethylpromethazine (Ib) with 9000g supernatant fractions of rabbit liver homogenate resulted in formation of N dealkylated, N-oxygenated and ring-hydroxylated products. 2. The N-oxidation products identified by t.l.c. and mass spectra using synthetic reference products are promethazine-N-oxide (IX) and the nitrone (VIII), which is believed to be formed chemically and metabolically from the metabolite N hydroxydesmethylpromethazine (VII). PMID- 7314644 TI - Extrahepatic sites of metabolism of N-nitrosopyrrolidine in mice and rats. AB - 1. By the use of whole-body autoradiography, the localization of N nitroso[14C]pyrrolidine and its metabolites was demonstrated in the tissues of C57B1-mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. On the basis of the autoradiographic data, tissues were selected and tested for their ability to metabolize N nitroso[14C]pyrrolidinie to 14CO2 and tissue-bound metabolites. 3. The results indicated that only few tissues had a marked ability to degrade N nitrosopyrrolidine. These were the liver and the nasal mucosa in both species, the tracheobronchial mucosa in mice, and to a lower extent the kidneys in both species. PMID- 7314645 TI - The metabolism of [2-14C]methimazole in the rat. AB - 1. The metabolism of [2-14C]methimazole was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats after a daily intraperitoneal dose of 17.6 mg/kg for three days. 2. 78.4% of the administered 14C was excreted in the urine; only 6.7% dose as methimazole. After extraction of the urine with chloroform and n-butanol, 47.5% of administered 14C remained in the urine. 3. Six solvent-extractable metabolites were isolated and characterized by t.l.c. and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as N methylimidazole, S-methylmethimazole, 3-methyl-2-thiohydantoin, 1-methyl-2 thiohydantoic acid, N-methylthiourea and a methylhydantoin. PMID- 7314646 TI - Acute renal failure due to potassium bromate poisoning. PMID- 7314647 TI - A prospective study of development of splenic reticuloendothelial function in premature and term infants. PMID- 7314649 TI - Role of sodium ion in renal transport of p-aminohippurate in vitro. PMID- 7314648 TI - Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with bilateral hydronephrosis: indomethacin in treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. PMID- 7314650 TI - Surface properties of cell membrane tested by lectin induced cytoagglutination (I). PMID- 7314651 TI - Naeng: a Korean folk illness, its ethnography and its epidemiology. PMID- 7314652 TI - An analysis of inpatients' morbidity changes at Severance Hospital: Mar. 1970 - Feb. 1978. PMID- 7314653 TI - [Selected orthopedic syndromes in newborn infants, children and adolescents- their therapy and medical rehabilitation]. PMID- 7314654 TI - [The care of patients with total laryngectomy with individually fitted plastic cannulae]. PMID- 7314655 TI - [Chemotherapy of juvenile septic infections]. PMID- 7314657 TI - [Cytodiagnosis of pathologic changes in the breast]. PMID- 7314656 TI - [Efficacy of the treatment of euthyroid thyroid cysts with thyroid hormones]. PMID- 7314658 TI - [Surgery of colonic neoplasms at the district hospital]. PMID- 7314659 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of gallbladder and bile ducts]. PMID- 7314660 TI - [Recommendations for the use of antiseptics on juvenile mucous membranes]. PMID- 7314661 TI - [Pharmacokinetics in multiple dosage--2 examples]. PMID- 7314663 TI - [Hydatidiform mole with a coexistent fetus (case report)]. PMID- 7314662 TI - [Possibilities of angiologic diagnosis in a cardiovascular department]. PMID- 7314664 TI - [Ultra-short wave radio in the service of medical emergencies and patient transportation]. PMID- 7314665 TI - [A naval dentist in the North Sea--report on experiences]. PMID- 7314666 TI - [Changes in the reproductive behavior in East Germany (1970-1979) in connection with measures of family policy. I]. PMID- 7314668 TI - [The free autogenous muscle transplantation in anal incontinence]. PMID- 7314667 TI - [Practical hints on the basic hearing-aid supply in East Germany]. PMID- 7314669 TI - [Pediatric-surgical ambulatory care]. PMID- 7314670 TI - [Experiences with regional plastic-reconstructive measures in the facial area]. PMID- 7314671 TI - [Errors in the diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy]. PMID- 7314672 TI - [Necessity and possibilities for an improved determination of psychiatric hospital morbidity in East Germany]. PMID- 7314673 TI - [The rational use of social work capacity in the determination of the concept of sheltered workshop]. PMID- 7314674 TI - [Settlement of citizen's claims in injuries connected with medical treatment]. PMID- 7314675 TI - [Notes on the current differentiation of the health status of the world population]. PMID- 7314676 TI - [Current problems in health protection in the People's Republic of Cambodia]. PMID- 7314677 TI - [Notes on the procedure of disability evaluation in bronchial asthma and obstructive bronchitis]. PMID- 7314678 TI - [Disorders in the function of the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7314680 TI - [Iatrogenic paralysis of peripheral nerves associated with mastectomy and subsequent radiotherapy]. PMID- 7314679 TI - [Can we still justify ambulatory laryngeal biopsies?]. PMID- 7314681 TI - [Hip joint endoprosthesis from a traumatologic point of view]. PMID- 7314682 TI - [The importance of prompt diagnosis for intensive therapy]. PMID- 7314683 TI - [The course of cholelithiasis]. PMID- 7314684 TI - [Contribution to the treatment of pilonidal disease]. PMID- 7314685 TI - [Problems in scientific drug therapy from a socio-hygienic point of view]. PMID- 7314686 TI - [Effect of the combination of patients on the length of work disability]. PMID- 7314687 TI - [The quality of information in hospital admissions of patients into the internal medical department of the district hospital St. Georg]. PMID- 7314689 TI - [Application of theophylline as an inhalant (author's transl)]. AB - The local tolerance and the functional efficacy of theophylline inhalant were investigated in 51 patients suffering from NSLD with reversible bronchospasm. In different doses aethophylline and aminophylline were nebulized using a jet or an ultrasonic nebulizer. FEV1 was controlled in fixed intervals and the patients were questioned about their subjective statements. At the end, a test with novodrin (isoprenaline)-spray was performed demonstrating the actual reversibility of the bronchospasm. In conclusion of our findings we can state: 1. Theophylline aerosols produced by a jet have neither an important subjective nor a functional efficacy. A prolongation of the inhalation time and the nebulized dose, respectively, has no better effects. 2. Aerosols of a 5% solution of theophylline produced by an ultrasonic nebulizer caused intensive local side effects. Contrary to these aerosols those of a 2.5% solution were proved to be better tolerable and functionally effective, too, but only on patients with reversible bronchospasm. 3. Subjective statements and functional parameters were in a good accordance. 4. Serum levels of theophylline are not detectable with the method of SCHACK and WAXLER. The positive ventilatory effects after inhalation may suggest a topical action of the inhaled theophylline on the mucous membrane in the bronchial tree. 5. The increased values of FEV1 after the inhalation of theophylline are further increasing after the test with novodrin-spray. Therefore investigations of combination of theophylline and beta 2-sympathicomimetics in an aerosol seem usefully for optimization of the effect and for decreasing the side effects. PMID- 7314688 TI - [Socio-hygienic and economic aspects of the state of accident frequency in East Germany]. PMID- 7314690 TI - [Immunological study at the upper airways before and after aerosol-inhalation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314691 TI - [Morphometric investigations of the bronchial tree in chronic bronchitis. Part I. The alterations of lumen and thickness of the walls of bronchi and bronchioli (author's transl)]. AB - The morphometry of bronchi and bronchioles was studied in 22 persons aged between 47 and 78 who had died after suffering from chronic bronchitis for many years. Additionally the lungs of five persons, died due to other reasons and never having suffered from chronic bronchitis (normal persons) were investigated. In compared to the normal conditions no essential alterations in the diameter of the lumen could be found in the proximal bronchi (including the main bronchus till down to the subsegmental bronchus of the third order). The mean diameter of the lumen of distal membranous bronchi is unchanged, as well, but bronchioles in chronic bronchitis has a bigger lumen amounting to 0.4515 +/- 0.027 mm (in normals 0.324 +/- 0.024 mm, P less than 0.05). The calibres in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles varied as follows: Ectasia in 58%, stenosis in 11%, without any alterations in 31%, that means: organic stenosis in the distal bronchi and bronchioles is of minor importance for the mechanisms of obstruction in chronic bronchitis. The thickness of the proximal and distal bronchi is enlarged in chronic bronchitis. As to the histological features lympho cytoplasmocytic infiltrations of the mucous membrane could be found in nearly all proximal bronchi studied (in 97.5%), sclerosis of the wall in 32.6%, and metaplasia of the lining squamous epithelium in 15%. Cytology of the bronchial secretions revealed the predominance of neutrophiles among all cellular elements when the inflammatory process was exacerbating. PMID- 7314692 TI - [Morphometric investigations of the bronchial tree in chronic bronchitis. Part II. The morphology of tissue alterations of the bronchial walls. (author's transl)]. AB - The data of the literature and the methods of this investigation have been discussed in the previous paper. The present report (21 cases of chronic catarrhal bronchitis and one case of chronic atrophic bronchitis) is containing the morphometric results of tissue changes in the bronchial walls of four proximal bronchial generations. In the catarrhal form of chronic bronchitis in contrast to normal conditions the Reid's index increases about two folds, its value being about equal for the main, labor, segmental and subsegmental bronchi of the first order. In catarrhal chronic bronchitis the relative volume (in %) of the bronchial glands of the bronchial walls increases in the same bronchial generations, vice versa, relative the volume of the connective tissue decreases, but the relative volume of the smooth muscle and of the cartilaginous discs has been found to be unchanged. This volume of the bronchial glands to periphery (from the main bronchus to the subsegmental) has been demonstrated to decrease a little (not significantly). The relative volume of smooth muscles and of the connective tissue increases. Morphometric findings could be obtained only in one case of atrophic chronic bronchitis; therefore they are inadequate for statistic analysis. PMID- 7314693 TI - [Results of the flow-volume curve in patients with bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - In 65 asthmatic patients aged 18 to 59 years maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were performed. The measurements were done with a pneumotachograph in connection with a self-developed two-channel FM modulator, a stereo tape recorder, and a X-Y recorder. We examined 53 patients in clinical remission and 12 patients during an attack period. The greatest sensitivity of the tested flow volume data had MEF 50/FVC pred. and the time constant of the terminal portion of the curve. MEF 50/MEF 75 and V2/V1 were about equally sensitive for detecting ventilatory inhomogeneities. The attack group most differed from the remission groups in FVC % pred., MEF 50/FVC pred. and the other flow rates. The flow-volume curve is a valuable method to assess obstruction and ventilatory inhomogeneity in asthmatic patients. It has a greater sensitivity than conventional spirometry. PMID- 7314695 TI - [The pathological effects of smoking on the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314694 TI - [Angiotomography -- a possibility for the enlarged diagnosis of hilar and parahilar space-occupying processes. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314696 TI - [Endobronchial metastases (author's transl)]. AB - The frequency of metastases of solid primary tumors into the respiratory tract is estimated to about 5% by means of bronchoscopic and bronchofibroscopic examinations. The clinical and roentgenological picture of endobronchial metastases in most cases is corresponding to that of a primary bronchial cancer. For differential diagnostics endobronchial metastases have to be delimited from primary bronchial carcinoma, from the multilocular forms of the primary bronchial carcinoma, from benign tumors and pseudotumors of the respiratory tract. The possibility of double tumors (tumorduplicity) must not be forgotten, as well. The endoscopic signs of a benign tumor endobronchially growing are described. However, only the histological or cytologic examination will give certainty. The endoscopic picture of a primary bronchial carcinoma with metastases and other possible multilocular endobronchial alterations are described. In our material the error was most frequent, that the bronchial cancer was confounded with the metastases. During the last 20 years we have observed endobronchial metastases in 22 patients with bronchoscopic methods. In 13 patients an extrapulmonary solid tumor made metastases into the bronchi, breast cancer 4 times, Grawitztumors, adenocarcinoma of the colon, carcinoma of the thymus each two times, cancer of the uterus, of the urinary bladder and the thyroid each one time. In 9 patients autochthonous metastases of a primary bronchial carcinoma were found. PMID- 7314697 TI - [Bronchial challenges using ultrasonic nebulizers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314698 TI - [Methodical modifications to optimize granulomatous lung changes in animal experiment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314699 TI - [Work hygiene and ergonomic problems in poultry breeding]. PMID- 7314700 TI - [The usefulness of mechanocardiography in the mass screening of workers]. PMID- 7314702 TI - [Inhibition of cholinesterase activity in human blood plasma by organophosphate insecticides and their metabolites using the delta-pH method]. PMID- 7314703 TI - [Evaluation of hippuric acid excretion after toluene exposure by systematic detection of impairment]. PMID- 7314704 TI - [The collagen structure in subacute radiation sickness in the albino rat]. PMID- 7314701 TI - [Mycologic studies on the detection and incidence of mold fungus in agricultural dusts]. PMID- 7314705 TI - [Recent knowledge and current questions on the problems of intestinal infections]. PMID- 7314706 TI - [Some questions on the theory of health protection]. PMID- 7314708 TI - [Primary cancers of the liver from the view of an oncologic counseling center]. PMID- 7314707 TI - [Principles of socialist health protection and their implementation under existing national conditions]. PMID- 7314710 TI - [Testing the independence of special incomplete 2-dimensional contingency tables]. PMID- 7314709 TI - [Need survey and effectiveness evaluation as a part of epidemiologic research strategies in psychiatry]. PMID- 7314711 TI - [The statistical concentration distribution of chemical elements in drinking water]. PMID- 7314712 TI - [Smoking habits of female students]. PMID- 7314713 TI - [Experimental test results on the contamination of human milk with total DDT (DDT + DDE) in the city of Halle (Saale) in 1979]. PMID- 7314714 TI - [Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in domestic agricultural animals in East Germany]. PMID- 7314715 TI - [Further reduction of occupational diseases as a task of the socialist society]. PMID- 7314716 TI - [Use of industrial hygiene professiography in inpatient facilities of the public health system]. PMID- 7314717 TI - [Effect of foreign substances on carbon monoxide induced polycythemia]. PMID- 7314718 TI - [Communal hygiene prevention in curative medicine]. PMID- 7314719 TI - [Various methodologic problems of epidemiology of noninfectious diseases--a retrospective assessment on the occasion of the 10th seminar on epidemiologic methods]. PMID- 7314720 TI - [Analysis of disablement morbidity]. PMID- 7314721 TI - [Cardiovascular diseases and disability]. PMID- 7314722 TI - [Problems of analysing accident victims treated by general practitioners]. PMID- 7314723 TI - [Testing of special contrast (subtests) in 3-dimensional contigency tables to exhaust the sources of certain special information]. PMID- 7314724 TI - [Aspects of health education in the rehabilitation of the disabled]. PMID- 7314725 TI - [Dynamics of the formation of healthy living habits in young people]. PMID- 7314726 TI - [Opinions and knowledge of population groups on matters of stomatological relevance]. PMID- 7314727 TI - [2d morbidity study at Balassagyarmat in 1978]. PMID- 7314728 TI - [Guest seminars for medical students on "rehabilitation of mentally disabled"--an experience report]. PMID- 7314729 TI - [Various philosophic-ethical conditions for comprehensive integration of seriously mentally disabled persons into society]. PMID- 7314730 TI - [Employment of health aides of the GDR's Red Cross in caring for old age pensioners]. PMID- 7314731 TI - [Continuation of the rehabilitation process of severely mentally disabled children and juveniles after the 14th to 18th year of life]. PMID- 7314732 TI - [Rehabilitation of the handicapped--a task for university clinics]. PMID- 7314733 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with fractures without complications of the lower lumbar and thoracic vertebrae]. PMID- 7314734 TI - [Analysis of relative and absolute absence from work as well as length of absence due to illness among young skilled workers of the 18 to 25 age group]. PMID- 7314735 TI - [Biotelemetric system for measuring, transmitting, registering and data processing of heart rate in freely moving working individuals]. PMID- 7314736 TI - [Influence of psychic stress on the content of copper and zinc in blood serum]. PMID- 7314737 TI - [Maximal hand-opening strength of young men as a function of the opening width of the hand]. PMID- 7314738 TI - [Behavior of the Achilles tendon reflex time under physical and psycho-nervous stress]. PMID- 7314739 TI - [Influence of cadmium on the strength of bones]. PMID- 7314740 TI - [Interviews and follow-up examination of workers with certified occupational disease during 1970 to 1975 in the district of Erfurt]. PMID- 7314741 TI - [Rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 7314742 TI - [Importance of clinical follow-up of cancer patients as bridge to rehabilitation]. PMID- 7314744 TI - [Special therapeutic treatment as contribution toward rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients]. PMID- 7314743 TI - [Assessment of sagittal curvature of the spine using a kypholordometer in examination of posture]. PMID- 7314745 TI - [Preparation for old age from the point of view of occupational medicine]. PMID- 7314746 TI - [Latent and exertion cardiac insufficiency--an indication for nitrates]. AB - In order to prove the efficacy of the long-term nitrate pentaerythrityltetranitrate (PETN; Pentalong) in latent and stress heart insufficiency (causes ischaemic heart disease and/or hypertension) we examined 18 patients with this vasodilator with monotherapy as well as with digoxin combinations. Under PETN the symptoms of the clinical degree of severity could be clearly improved. Before and after stress the tension index showed a significant increase in the region of sufficiency. The sums of stress and recreation pulse and the mean arterial pressure proved a trend to decrease. The load tolerance on the bicycle ergometer was improved. Under the additional therapy with the fully effective dose of digoxin (dilanacin) with regard to the symptoms, load tolerance and partly also to pulse sums a deterioration of the parameters could be recognized in comparison to the PETN-monotherapy; only the combination with the half digoxin saturation does yielded more favourable results of the pulse sums. Apparently the treatment of patients with latent and stress heart insufficiency with long-term nitrates is an alternative to the therapy with glycosides and is even possibly superior to this. PMID- 7314747 TI - [Evaluation of function in the clinically early stages of arterial occlusive disease]. AB - In order to prove inhibitions of the arterial system in the region of the lower extremities and for the judgement of their haemodynamic efficacy Doppler sonographic measurements of the systolic pressure in patients in the asymptomatic stage I after Fontaine were performed. With regard to the early recognition and judgment of the function the behaviour of the peripheral blood pressure concerning the standardized work of the muscles of the arterial ischaemia, measured at size and duration of the induced decrease of pressure, proved to be particularly evident. Diagnostic informations going beyond the examination under conditions of rest could be brought so that the functional test is particularly suitable for the recognition of early clinical stages the arterial obturation disease in the region of the extremities. PMID- 7314748 TI - [The natural course of atrial septal defects]. AB - 61 patients at the age of 18 to 70 years with untreated atrial septum defect were examined 7.5 to 21 (on the average 10.5) years after the first recognition. Subjective symptomatology, clinical picture, size of the heart, mean pressure of the pulmonary artery and shunt volume at the beginning and at the end of the period of observation were analysed. The results reveal an above all favourable prognosis of the congenital malformation. In a course without complications an age can be reached adequate to the average life-expectance. After the 40th year of age, however, in 75% of the patients complaints appeared or their number increased. With growing age the size of the heart and the frequency of disturbances of the cardiac rhythm increased. In the small left-to right-shunt (less than 30% of the pulmonary flow) in the majority of the cases (85%) the prognosis proved to be good. Even in shunt volumes of more than 60% in half of the patients no essential deterioration developed in the period of observation. No clear relations were found between the mean pressure of the pulmonary artery and the clinical degree of severity. The indication to the operative correction of the atrial septum defect diagnosed only at the adult age demands a critical individual judgement, in which case apart from the haemodynamic parameters anamnesis and clinical findings within a cardiological observation of the course are of particular importance. PMID- 7314749 TI - [Retinal hemodynamics in cerebrovascular accidents]. AB - In 32 patients the times of retinal passage were determined in 112 examinations immediately after cerebrovascular insult and following in daily intervals. In this case after the insult a significant change of the retinal haemodynamics could be observed: the bolus-tension time and the time V2 showed a continuous deterioration of the blood supply of the retina possibly parallel to the cerebral haemodynamics. Furthermore it was shown that the initial prolongation of the arm retina-times over 17 seconds refers to serve cerebral lesions with poor prognosis. It seems that the method described is not suitable for the preliminary diagnosis of extracranial vascular processes: In acute extracranial vascular occlusion we found equality of the sides of the inflow of dye as well as differences of the sides of more than 30 seconds in free extracranial vascular lumina. PMID- 7314750 TI - [Mental disorders during intensive therapy]. AB - The life conditions of patients in intensive care units, who are life-threatening somatically as well as psychically, correspond to the bodily and psychic (psychosomatic) extreme situations. Guarding, interdiction and anxiety determine psychosocially, deficiency of sleep, perception, orientation and communication apart from dispositional and actual somatic factors of a disease determine psychophysiologically the appearance of psychic disturbances during intensive care. The psychopathology of the beginning symptomatic psychoses and disturbance syndromes does not justify to take a new clinical picture, a specific intensive care syndrome as basis for them. Own results of inquiries of intensive care unit patients emphasize the great importance of an actual communicative contact between personnel and patients for a positive behaviour-influencing attitude of the patients in the intensive care milieu. The latter is decisively coined by the affective climate (working climate) of such institutions. The creation of more favorable environmental factors urgently needs psychologic advice, instruction and motivation of the personnel which is onesidedly trained for somatic emergency cases and technical perfection. PMID- 7314751 TI - [Granulocyte turnover in advanced Hodgkin's disease]. AB - In 30 adult patients with III and IV Hodgkin's disease the studies of granulocytic turnover were performed. Bone marrow storage pool was measured by hydrocortisone test. Total blood granulocyte pool was judged by the estimation of muramidase activity and serum unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity. The epinephrine test was used for the marginated granulocyte pool determination. The circulating granulocyte pool was calculated from the count of granulocytes in the samples of venous blood. The tissue mobilization of granulocytes was measured by Senn's et al. method. After hydrocortisone application the releasing of the mature granulocytes from the bone-marrow was significantly lower in patients with Hodgkin's disease than in controls. The circulating and marginated pools of granulocytes in Hodgkin's disease did not differ from the normal persons. The tissue migration of granulocytes was decreased in patients with Hodgkin's disease. It is concluded that these abnormalities of granulocytic turnover in advanced Hodgkin's disease may be considered to be an additional cause of the defence mechanism in this disease. PMID- 7314752 TI - [Patient with stomach polyps--a risk group for colorectal tumors? Haemoccult studies on 106 patients]. AB - 106 patients in whom from 1 to 4 years ago a gastric polyp had been removed were examined for occult blood in the feces (haemoccult test). It should be tested whether in carries of gastric polypi increasingly appear colorectal tumors. Altogether 15 patients with colorectal tumours were found among the 106 carriers of gastric polypi. In 11 patients a removal of an adenoma from the colon was performed already before the haemoccult-examination. With the help of the haemoccult-examination 2 carcinomas of the colon and 2 carriers of adenomas were newly recognized as well as 2 recidivations of adenomas. Carriers of gastric polypi should be regarded as risk group for colorectal tumours. The dispensary care must be extended not only to the stomach but also include a careful anamnesis with regard to colorectal tumours and the search for occult blood in the feces. PMID- 7314754 TI - [Influence of various non-steroid antirheumatic drugs on the electric potential between the gastric serosa and mucosa (author's transl)]. AB - Non-steroid antirheumatic drugs inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin, which results in a reduction in the efficacy of the gastric mucosal barrier. The transmural electric potential difference of the stomach wall would appear to be a useful criterion for mucosal barrier function. After 4 weeks of treatment with Indomethacin, Azapropazpone, Diclofenac or Phenylbutazone, a significant reduction in the gastric potential difference as compared with the pre-treatment measurement was observed. Accordingly, non-steroid antirheumatics give rise to a reduction in the functional efficacy of the mucosal barrier. PMID- 7314753 TI - [Unusual dislocation of a pacemaker electrode]. AB - On the basis of an observation is reported on an uncommon dislocation of a separated pacemaker probe into the inside of the heart with a winding-up in the right ventricle. A massive thrombosis with embolus in the lungs developed by a parietal thrombosis in the region of the pacemaker cable. Diagnosing and secondary complications were described and therapeutic and prophylactic measures discussed. Such a complication of the pacemaker therapy must be absolutely excluded in spite of the increasing number of secondary surgical interventions in pacemaker patients. PMID- 7314755 TI - [Hypoferric anaemia due to a leiomyosarcoma of the proximal jejunum (author's transl)]. AB - In an outpatient the diagnosis of a hypoferric anaemia and a transitory, masked, intestinal bleeding led to the discovery of a tumour in the proximal jejunum. The diagnosis was confirmed by operation. Radiographs and surgical specimen corresponded to each other. The exact diagnosis leiomyosarcoma could only be made histologically. Sarcomata of the proximal jejunum are extremely rare. PMID- 7314756 TI - [Ultrasound measurement of gallbladder response to cholecystokinin in patients with chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - Size of gallbladder after overnight fasting and the kinetics of gallbladder contraction following i.v. injection of 1 I. U. of CCK was investigated in patients with chronic liver disease (liver cirrhosis: n = 26; chronic hepatitis: = 12; fatty liver: n = 5). The results were compared with those obtained in an age and sex matched control group of subjects without symptoms of diseases of the liver or gastrointestinal tract (n = 15). Ultrasound was used for continuous monitoring of gallbladder emptying. In the cirrhotics the cartographically determined initial area of the gallbladder was significantly greater than in the controls (p less than 0,01). The kinetic of gallbladder emptying following CCK pancreozymin stimulation was similar in the groups of patients with liver diseases to that of the control subjects. However, the residual area of the gallbladder following maximal contraction was again significantly greater in the cirrhotics when compared to the control group (p less than 0.05). The area of the gallbladder in patients with chronic hepatitis exhibited similar changes of the values in the fasting state and after maximal contraction as seen in the patients with liver cirrhosis, although the differences when compared to the control group were not significant. The results show that in spite of distinct signs of a hypotonic state of the unstimulated gallbladder in patients with chronic liver disease the kinetic of contraction following an exogenous stimulus with CCK remains normal. PMID- 7314757 TI - [Neutralization capacity of antacids]. PMID- 7314758 TI - [Dermatophytes in the Arad area of Rumania. Importance of the nematode Eudiplogaster flagellicaudatus in the lifecycle of geophylic dermatophytes (author's transl)]. AB - 2500 strains of dermatophytes have been isolated in the town and country of Arad/Rumania in the period between 1956-1980. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated first in Rumania in 1956 by Ilea. At the time it represented only 3%, now 62,56% of the isolated strains. The other results see table 1. The fungi found in the town and county of Arad/Rumania are different from those isolated in Bukarest by I. Cojocaru. The nematode Eudiplogaster flagellicaudatus (Andrassy), a mycophage nematode, is important for the lifecycle of geophylic dermatophytes. PMID- 7314759 TI - [Cutaneous manifestations of tropical deep mycosis (author's transl)]. AB - The deep mycoses are classified in 5 groups. Paracoccidioidomycosis belongs in the third group, caused by obligatory pathogenic fungi. In most patients, paracoccidioidomycosis is acquired by aspiration. PMID- 7314760 TI - [Cactus dermatitis (author's transl)]. AB - A wide-spread cactus dermatitis (Sabra dermatitis) occurred in a two-year-old child after contact with Opuntia microdasys. PMID- 7314761 TI - [The influence of chronic exposure of the skin of NMRI*-mice (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of chronic exposure to defined emission spectra within the natural UV global range on the skin of the NMRI-mouse was studied. It was shown that after a period of 15 months under suberythemogenic conditions neither carcinomas of skin nor elastic or collagenous tissue alterations were developed. PMID- 7314762 TI - [Effect of PUVA and SUP therapy on nevocellular nevi (author's transl)]. AB - An increase of size from in average 4.7 to 5.3 mm2 was observed in 28 of 36 nevocellular nevi after selective ultraviolet phototherapy and photochemotherapy for psoriasis within 4 weeks. In 15 of 36 nevocellular nevi the moles revealed a significant darkening. Autoradiography showed an increased proliferation of melanocytes, keratinocytes and dermal cells in moles exposed to UV-light in comparison with unexposed. PMID- 7314763 TI - [Epithelioma cuniculatum (author's transl)]. AB - Short communication concerning Epithelioma cuniculatum which was reported in Germany for the first time in 1964. Evidence is given for its cancerous nature in the sense of verrucous carcinoma (Ackerman 1947). PMID- 7314764 TI - [The influence of acetylosalicyclic acid on the cutaneous effect of UV-A (author's transl)]. AB - This study deals with the influence of acetylosalicyclic acid (Colfarit Bayer) on the cutaneous effect of UV-A. Each of 24 volunteers received UV-A doses from 5 J/cm2 to 50 J/cm2. The immediate and the delayed UV-A erythema were reduced by prophylactic application of acetylosalicylic acid, 3 g daily three days before exposure and three days afterwards. 72 h after exposure to UV-A the reduction of delayed erythema formation was most obvious. Acetylosalicyclic acid had no influence, however, on the pigmentation caused by UV-A radiation. PMID- 7314765 TI - [Hydroa vacciniforme Bazin (author's transl)]. AB - Hydroa vacciniforme Bazin is a rare photodermatosis characterized by bullous skin lesions and distinctive scarring. Early diagnosis is important to provide disfiguring scarring at the light exposed areas of the skin. The onset of the disease occurs predominantly in early childhood and involutes spontaneously at puberty. The case of a 5 years old girl is reported and differentiation from other photodermatoses is discussed. PMID- 7314766 TI - [Difficulties with Fahrenberg's complementarity principle]. PMID- 7314767 TI - [Understanding the complementarity principle]. PMID- 7314768 TI - [The configuration frequency analysis. XV. Type exploration and inference (hybrid and agglutinating prediction-CFA)]. PMID- 7314769 TI - [The association structure analysis on information theoretical basis]. PMID- 7314770 TI - [S. Freud and the theory of hypnosis]. PMID- 7314771 TI - [A "cognitive-behavioral stress management training (CBST)" for the treatment of migraine: a controlled, behavior therapy case study]. PMID- 7314772 TI - [Reference persons in the psychotherapy of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 7314773 TI - [Interpersonal perception and conformity tendencies in patients with ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 7314774 TI - [The normal wall segment in coronary stenoses--a postmortal study (author's transl)]. AB - In 384 stenotic coronary segments of extramural arteries (left main coronary artery, LAD, LCX, RCA) with degrees of obstruction greater than 50% (but less than 100%) when assessed histologically, the extent and incidence of the normal wall segment (NWS) analysed from the histological cross section were carefully evaluated. Incidence and extent of the NWS proved to be unexpectedly high: 45% of all obstructions showed a NWS of more than 25% and 74% a NWS of more than 8% of the total histological circumference of the coronary artery. Furthermore, 25% of all obstructions showed a NWS of more than 50% and 71% a NWS of more than 16% of the circumference of the residual lumen. The incidence of obstructions was highest in the LAD (41%) and lowest in the left main coronary artery (8%). In the three vessels of the left coronary artery (left main, LAD, LCX) excentric obstructions were seen more often than in the RCA. The results are discussed with regard to the pathogenesis esp. of unstable angina pectoris, but also to the pharmacological and mechanical dilatation of coronary obstructions. PMID- 7314775 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic results in patients with left ventricular aneurysm after surgical therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and hemodynamic results of 87 patients (average age 49 years, range 22 to 65 years) with left ventricular aneurysm were retrospectively investigated before and after (1-87 months) surgical treatment. 34 patients underwent aneurysmectomy only (group 1), 35 patients additionally underwent coronary revascularisation (group II), and 18 patients underwent--because of findings during operation--coronary revascularisation only (group III). The size of aneurysm was not significantly different in the three groups. Postoperatively it decreased only in groups I and II. The majority of the patients in group I (with predomination of one-vessel disease) had no angina pectoris. There was no significant change early and late (more than 12 months) after the operation. The patients in groups II and III (the majority with multi-vessel disease) showed an improvement of angina pectoris. Preoperatively most of all the patients claimed to have exertional dyspnea. On the whole, there was no significant change after operation. The majority of the patients showed an improvement in their angina pectoris and dyspnea when those symptoms were the major indications for the operation. Heart rate, systolic and end-diastolic pressure in the three groups did not significantly change after the operation. End-diastolic and end-systolic volumes decreased significantly in groups I and II. The ejection fraction increased significantly. In group III these parameters did not change. Circumferential fiber shortening velocity in the residual ventricle significantly increased only in group I. Hemodynamic studies during exercise were performed in total on 32 patients. In group I, there was a significant smaller increase of the mean pulmonary artery pressure, no significant change in groups II and III. At rest, only the patients with aneurysmectomy showed an improvement of the global and residual left ventricular function. The patients with an angiographically presumed aneurysm and viable myocardium found intraoperatively showed no improvement in function at rest or during exercise even after coronary revascularisation. The hospital mortality was 6%. Three patients died during the follow-up period because of ascertained cardiac reasons. The high mortality of non-operated patients with similar clinical and hemodynamic findings as in operated patients warrants an indication for aneurysmectomy without even taking into account the symptomatic and functional improvements. PMID- 7314776 TI - [Correlation between isovolumic and auxotonic indexes of left ventricular contractility at rest and during exercise (author's transl)]. AB - The validity of isovolumic parameters of left ventricular contractility in assessing ventricular function at rest has been questioned repeatedly, and with some justification. By contrast, auxotonic parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction provide a clinically useful index of functional impairment even under resting conditions. The correlation between isovolumic and auxotonic parameters during exercise remains unclear, however. To evaluate this relation, isovolumic m (max dP/dt, Vpm) and auxotonic (EF, Vcf) parameters of contractility were determined simultaneously at rest and after both leg raising and exercise using a manometer-equipped angiography catheter in 45 patients. Under resting conditions, there was no significant correlation between the parameters (Vpm: Vcf,r = 0,226). After leg raising (r = 0.543) and exercise (r = 0.801), the correlation became markedly closer. The presence of hypo- or akinetic regions did not affect the correlation. In patients with cardiomyopathy and uniform functional impairment, the correlation did not improve in comparison with the group of patients characterized by asynergy. The specificity of the various parameters was evaluated in patients with and without significant coronary-artery stenosis. The Vcf values during exercise yielded virtually optimal separation of the two groups, whereas isovolumic parameters were far less specific. PMID- 7314777 TI - [Right and left ventricular function during exercise-induced angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 19 patients with coronary heart disease, biplane cineventriculography of the left (LV) and right ventricle (RV) at rest (r) and under exercise induced angina pectoris (e) was performed. The RV enddiastolic volume index (EDVI) increased from 107.4 +/- 27.5 ml/m2 at r to 125.2 +/- 41.5 ml/m2 under e (p less than 0,001), the LVEDVI from 117 +/- 46.2 to 140.3 +/- 54.5 ml/m2 (p less than 0,001). The LV endsystolic volume index (ESVI) increased from 50.3 +/- 36.7 to 62.4 +/- 46.9 ml/m2 (p less than 0,005), RVESVI did not change significantly under e. Ejection fraction (EF) increased significantly under e in the RV from 57.5 +/- 10.8 to 61.8 +/- 12.5%; LVEF did not change significantly under e. There was a significant correlation between RV and LV enddiastolic pressure (EDP) under e: RVEDP = 0.31 LVEDP + 3.9, r = 0.72, p less than 0.001. EDVI as well as ESVI of RV and LV correlated significantly at r and under e: r: RVEDVI = 0.28 LVEDVI + 76.1, r = 0.47, p less than 0.05, e: RVEDVI = 0.41 LVEDVI + 67.2, r = 0.544, p less than 0.05; r: RVESVI = 0.26 LVESVI + 32.6, r = 0.565, p less than 0.05, e: RVESVI = 0.33 LVESVI + 27.4, r = 0.58, p less than 0.01. There was a significant correlation of mean circumferential fiber shortening of the RV (VD) and LV (VCF) under e: VD = 0.53 VCF + 0.56, r = 0.779, p less than 0.001. RVEF and LVEF showed no significant correlation at r and under e. The data suggest that the degree of coronary heart disease is a major factor in determining RV performance under stress. PMID- 7314778 TI - The external anatomy of the oro-nasal region of primates. PMID- 7314779 TI - Growth of the second metacarpal in Chinese children from different socioeconomic strata. PMID- 7314780 TI - Correlation between external body dimensions and the length of peripheral nerves. PMID- 7314781 TI - Prediction of bone and muscle components of upper arm from its surface measurements. PMID- 7314782 TI - Body fat and fat-free mass assessed by densitometric and anthropometric techniques in adult Indian women. PMID- 7314783 TI - [Body height relationships in women and men]. PMID- 7314784 TI - [Limits of conventional technics and possibilities of alternative methods in anthropometry. An example for the use of biophotogrammetry in the craniometric technic]. PMID- 7314785 TI - The digital triradii of the palm: a dermatoglyphic study. PMID- 7314786 TI - Genetic studies in Egypt: red cell enzyme and plasma protein polymorphisms. PMID- 7314787 TI - Red-cell enzyme study among some migrant tribal populations in the Andaman Islands. PMID- 7314788 TI - [Adaptation of bone structure to mechanical stress (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314789 TI - On the functional morphology of normally formed and rachitically deformed human tibiae and fibulae. PMID- 7314790 TI - [The resistance of the primate skull against mechanical stresses]. PMID- 7314791 TI - [Average body weight and correlation weight in relation to age and sex]. PMID- 7314792 TI - The secular trend in the growth of southern Chinese girls in Hong Kong. PMID- 7314794 TI - Determining the length of peripheral nerves indirectly by regression analysis. PMID- 7314793 TI - Pubertal development of Gaddi Rajput boys of Dhaula Dhar Range of the Himalayas. PMID- 7314795 TI - Physical growth of Gaddi Rajput boys of Dhaula Dhar Range of the Himalayas. II. Extremities. PMID- 7314796 TI - [Construction morphologic examinations of the dentition of hominoid primates]. PMID- 7314797 TI - [Sex determination of the skull using logistic discriminant analysis]. PMID- 7314798 TI - Revised regression equations for prediction of fat-free mass of Indian females. PMID- 7314799 TI - Lognormal distribution of some anthropometric measurements in healthy Indian males. PMID- 7314800 TI - [The appearance forms of plantar zygodactylic triradii in the Vienna population]. PMID- 7314801 TI - [The significance of body height in human society. I. Examinations of social body height differentiation]. PMID- 7314802 TI - [The significance of body height in human society. II. Attempt at a causal analysis of social body height selection]. PMID- 7314803 TI - [Sex differences in the physical development of children: skeleton and tooth maturation as indicators of sex-typical growth processes]. PMID- 7314804 TI - Emergence of the permanent dentition: ethnic variability among Israeli children. PMID- 7314805 TI - [Epidermal patterns of primate palms and soles: Lagothrix and Ateles (Cebidae)]. PMID- 7314806 TI - Body morphology and anthropometric somatotypes of Rajput and Brahmin Gaddis of Dhaula Dhar Range, Himalayas. PMID- 7314808 TI - [Chaetogaster limnaei K.E. v. Baer. A problem for laboratory water-snail colonies in research on trematodes]. PMID- 7314807 TI - On the nature of the proglottids of cestodes: a light and electron microscopic study on Taenia, Hymenolepis, and Echinococcus. AB - The organisation of five species of cyclophyllidean cestodes (Hymenolepis nana, H. diminuta, H. microstoma, Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis, Echinococcus multilocularis) has been studied using light and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). It was found that there is no indication of any internal structure separating the proglottids, which are recognisable superficially. Thus in cestodes there is no metameric segmentation as in annelids. The implications of these findings on the terminology of tapeworm morphology are critically discussed. PMID- 7314810 TI - Further studies on resistance to Fasciola hepatica and Echinostoma revolutum in mice infected with Schistosoma sp. AB - Schistosoma sp. induced cross-resistance to a challenge with Fasciola hepatica and Echinostoma revolutum was studied in mice. Primary patent 56-days-old S. intercalatum and S. bovis infections stimulated a statistically significant level of resistance to a challenge with F. hepatica, and primary patent 100-day-old S. bovis infections induced an almost complete resistance to a challenge with E. revolutum. Primary single-sex S. mansoni infections, either male or female, aged 90 days did not stimulate any resistance to a challenge with E. revolutum. A primary infection with S. mansoni aged 70 days induced a marked reduction (94.1- 100%) in the E. revolutum worm recovery already 2 h post-challenge as compared with that of the E. revolutum challenge control group and complete elimination of the echinostome worm population in S. mansoni infected mice had taken place 24 h after challenge. E. revolutum worm populations established in mice harbouring newly patent 36-day-old S. mansoni infections persisted unchanged for a period of at least 33 days into the patent period of the schistosome infection in spite of development of a complete resistance to a challenge with E. revolutum metacercariae during this period. PMID- 7314811 TI - Miracidial penetration in Fascioloides magna (Trematoda). AB - The penetration of the miracidium of Fascioloides magna into the snail host Fossaria bulimoides is followed by examining the process at certain, timed intervals during the course of penetration. The cilia are lost early, but the epithelial cells may detach or they may be carried into the snail body. The apical gland releases vesicles which lose their outer coat in the snail tissue; similarly the vesiculated gland cells release vesicles which lose their coating in the snail tissue where there is a concomitant destruction of snail collagen fibers. Evidence is presented to support the concept of both a mechanical and an enzymatic penetration of snail tissues. Both transmission and scanning electron micrographs are used. PMID- 7314809 TI - Babesia bovis (Argentina): studies of plasma lipids and lipoproteins during acute infections in cattle. AB - Preliminary studies have demonstrated changes to the lipid metabolism of cattle acutely infected with Babesia bovis. Total lipid, total cholesterol, and phospholipids decreased significantly during infection. Associated with this was a decrease in concentration of serum lipoproteins and a loss of their electrophoretic heterogeneity. These changes are discussed in relation to the pathophysiological changes during infection. PMID- 7314812 TI - [Contribution to the knowledge of Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1810 (Cestoda, Taeniidae) (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of Taenia crassiceps in naturally infected dogs is mentioned, and a brief description of the gravid proglottids is given. Oral infection of several rodent species with eggs showed that the field vole (Microtus arvalis) is the most susceptible intermediate host for this tapeworm. The cysticercus often develops in the brain of the rodent and causes disturbances of coordinated movements. Two foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were infected with cysticerci of the strains COLA and GIKS. These strains were originally isolated from two dogs. The foxes passed fertile eggs and proglottids as early as 31 and 32 days respectively after infection. PMID- 7314813 TI - The development of the amoebocyte-producing organ in Lymnaea truncatula Muller infected by Fasciola hepatica L. AB - The amoebocyte-producing organ in Lymnaea truncatula is located between the pericardium and the kidney. In control snails bred at 20 degrees C, the organ only has fibroblast-like cells and type I amoebocytes; its growth is associated with a decrease in cellular density. The organ in infected snails bred at 20 degrees enlarges from day 1 to day 21 after exposure (phase 1) with a rapid increase in the number of type I amoebocytes. Then a gradual cellular rarefaction occurs in this organ from day 21 to day 70 after exposure (phase 2) with a fall in the number of type I amoebocytes and a correlated increase in the number of type II amoebocytes. The connective septae become "fibrous" with thickening from day 42 to day 70 after exposure. The breeding temperature only affects the timing and the dates when the different developmental phases begin in this organ. At a given temperature, the body volume of the snail affects only the cellular density. The amoebocytic rarefaction in the organ is uninterrupted if the snail begins its fast on day 49 after exposure (phase 2, 20 degrees C); the organ becomes "fibrous" if the fast begins on day 14 after exposure (phase 1, 20 degrees C). The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 7314814 TI - Resistance to reinfection with Haemonchus contortus in lactating and barren ewes following a single infection with larvae conditioned for inhibited development. AB - Ewes were infected in November 1977 with third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus which were conditioned for inhibited development at +15 degrees C for 35 days. Worm counts in December and May and weekly faecal egg counts revealed that the high burdens of inhibited larvae present in December virtually disappeared during winter, while the faecal egg counts remained low. This happened whether the ewes were pregnant or not. Indications of a slight postpartum rise in faecal egg counts, however, were observed in May in three out of five lactating ewes. After experimental reinfection of seven barren ewes and five lactating ewes in May 1978 a considerable resistance to H. contortus was observed in the barren ewes, while the resistance to reinfection was negligible in the lactating ewes. PMID- 7314815 TI - A brief note on an arrangement of sub-pellicular tubules in trypanosomes. PMID- 7314816 TI - [The variation of the anchoring forces of knee endoprostheses due to the different conceptions and the positioning of the joints (author's transl)]. AB - The stresses in the bone structure caused by the anchoring of a knee endoprosthesis depends on the type of the implanted prosthesis and on the positioning of the joint in respect to the directions of loading. The degree of valgus position at all has a relatively great influence on the reaction forces which have to be transmitted in the bone cement bone interface. Using simple models these characteristics can be clarified for hinged type joints as well as for condylar prostheses. PMID- 7314817 TI - [Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. (ESCA). Examinations on formation and re-formation of the passive layer on vitallium (author's transl)]. AB - The passive layer of a metal implant is responsible for its tolerance in a biological environment. A report is given on ESCA-investigations on the passive layer on Vitallium implants which consists largely of Cr-oxide and is only approx. 3-5 micrometer thick. This passive layer can easily be damaged with OP instruments. The oxide layers rebuilt on exposure to air or on sterilization in boiling water were also investigated by ESCA. Oxide layers normally formed are very similar to the original passive layer. Accumulations of Co- and Mo-oxides are also observed, however. Some short implantation experiments show that the thin Cr-oxide layer is indeed effective as a passive layer. The analytical findings indicate that the formation or re-formation of the passive layer is due to a selective dissolution process. This accords with results obtained by the neutron activation analysis of the serum. PMID- 7314818 TI - [The angle of gait (author's transl)]. AB - The angle of gait during foot to floor contact has been measured for a group of 10 adult male persons 10 times during a period of 9 months. The results show that the angle of gait is significantly different between different individuals as well as between the right and left foot of one individual. The individual mode remained unchanged within certain limits during the whole period of observation. The results only partially agree with the results of other investigators. PMID- 7314819 TI - [The leglength-difference, Statistics of a general practice. Examinations since 1976 (author's transl)]. AB - The present paper reports on 532 patients who have been clinically examined and x rayed because of suspicion of leglength-difference. Particular problems are shortly interpreted; pictures are added for better comprehension. In a critical review the author concludes from anamnestic information that the problem of leg length-difference is not sufficiently known neither by general physicians nor by radiologists. PMID- 7314820 TI - [A contribution to the disease pattern of osteolysis (author's transl)]. AB - As the description of the cases and the discussion show, we could notice several patients during a rather short period of time, who show the same osteolysis, as it rather seldom appears in literature. Nevertheless we are not in a position to give a definite explanation, in spite of detailed anamnestic research of these unusual symptoms. At the same time we are not in a position to incorporate the described osteolysis completely in one of the previous systematisations. Nevertheless we want to emphasize, that there seems to exist a dependence of the osteolysis of the so called basic diseases. PMID- 7314821 TI - [The "hip value" as a criterium for the operative treatment of CDH in juveniles (author's transl)]. AB - Planimetric measuring was performed at the X-rays of the pelvis of 2027 mainly juvenile patients in order to determine the socalled "hip value". We were able to define a clear statistical difference between normal and pathological values. It was possible to use the hip value as a parameter for the displasia of the hip and with additional clinical data to give a prognosis about the development of pathological hips. In addition to this guide lines for corrective operative procedures could be established. Extreme displastic joints with a hip value of more than 30 need immediate operative treatment, severe displasia with a hip value above 20 should be treated operatively as soon as possible before the end of the growth period. In milder cases of hip displasia operative treatment can be delayed until the patient starts to feel pain in the affected hip. PMID- 7314822 TI - [Surgical repositioning of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 7314823 TI - [The aetiology of avascular necrosis following a treatment of congenital hip dislocation and its relationship to a classical Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease]. AB - The process of creation of avascular necrosis will be explained on account of compression of the lateral retinacular arteries in Lorenz-position, during the treatment of congenital hip dislocation and variable development of medial and lateral arteries supplying the proximal epiphysis of femur. Also will be discussed the connection between the classical Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease and the so-called hip-dislocation-Perthes' disease. PMID- 7314824 TI - [Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head (author's transl)]. AB - Sugioka's transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy has turned out to be a new approach to the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults. It permits to displace necrotic bone outside the load area, as the rotation is performed in a range of 90 degree. Due to the anatomy of the pesterior region of the hip and the operative technique which takes special care of blood supply of the femoral head, vascular lesion, though quite conceivable because of the excessive rotation, does not occur. Sugioka's osteosynthesis by crossed screws has been performed successfully in Japanese. It cannot be recommended for surgery in white race people because of essentially different proportions of the length of extremities. So it does not provide early mobilisation and load bearing of white people treated in that way. This paper presents an essential modification on Sugioka's osteotomy. It modifies both the method of osteotomy and the osteosynthesis using a specially designed instrument. This modification eliminates the disadvantage of the originally described osteosynthesis, seems to improve blood supply of the rotated femoral head and facilitates the surgical procedure as well. PMID- 7314825 TI - [Our experience with the Monk-"soft-top"-endoprosthesis (author's transl)]. AB - 31 Monk-"soft-top"-femoral head prostheses were followed up for 12 to 48 months. They were implanted after a fracture of the femoral neck, provided there was no major osteoarthritic changes of the acetabulum. Our results are satisfying, no severe complications due to the high density polyethylene debris were encountered and no protrusions of the acetabulum either. PMID- 7314826 TI - [Medium-term results of osteotomy near the knee joint in the treatment of gonarthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - 271 osteotomies near the knee joint were performed between 1968 and 1977 at the Orthopedic Clinic of Tubingen University. The article reports on the results obtained in 69 patients who had been osteotomized because of gonarthrosis, out of a total of 135 patients, the results being evaluated after an average period of 4.9 years following the operation. The majority of these cases represented severe gonarthrosis. Indication, aim, planning and execution of the osteotomies performed near the knee joint, are discussed. Whereas angle plates are required in supracondylous osteotomy, clamps are sufficient in high supratubercular osteotomy of the tibia. In most cases it will not be necessary to perform more complicated osteosyntheses. The reasons are explained. In two-third to three quarters of the cases, subjective improvement of complaints improved walking performance and standing ability are achieved. The relatively high incidence of complications is discussed. PMID- 7314827 TI - [Thermography in osteosyntheses and total endoprostheses of the knee joint with and without infection (author's transl)]. AB - Thermography supplies information on the radiation temperature and hence on the blood supply in the body surface area. Together with the clinical findings this can contribute towards the recognition and recording of infections. During the normal course of a cure following osteosynthesis, the radiation temperature rose moderately up to +2 C degrees and returned to normal after 4 to 6 weeks. In case of infections, however, hyperthermia was very pronounced. Hyperthermia did not rise above +2 degrees C in case of mechanical loosening of an alloarthroplastic knee joint substitute. However, in infections temperature rises up to +44 degrees C were seen. Hence, thermography can supply additional pointers for further therapeutic approach. PMID- 7314829 TI - [The problem of dorsal spondylodesis while using traction rods (author's transl)]. AB - Functional and morphological disturbances of health at the vertebral column lead to instability, dislocation and reduction of intervertebral distance in the mobile segment. A safe therapy to remove these changes must aim at achieving three goals: 1. Re-establishment of stability 2. Repositioning of slipped disks and 3. Re-establishment of intervertebral distance. Especially in spondylolisthesis, results are often unsatisfactory. Even if dorsal traction rods are used, the intervertebral bodies will often slip due to uncoupling in the vertebral joints. This situation can be avoided by effecting together with the introduction of bone blocks. This procedure enables satisfactory repositioning, full restoration of intervertebral distance and permanent restoration of stability. PMID- 7314828 TI - [Measurement of tibial torsion-Comparison of various methods was computerised axial tomography (author's transl)]. AB - The success of an operative correction taking for an example tibial realigment, depends largely on the accuracy and precision of preoperative measurements of tibial torsion. Several methods which are reported in the literature are discussed and compared with a computer-aided tomographic method (CT method). Some diagnostic indications for the CT method, in the case of tibial and femoral torsion measurements are described. PMID- 7314831 TI - [Fever - physiology, pathology, therapy]. PMID- 7314830 TI - [Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with Taurolin-Gel (author's transl)]. AB - A study was made to ascertain the effect of Taurolin [Bis-(1-dioxo-perhydro-1, 2, 4-thiadiazinyl-4)-methan]*-Agarose resp. Taurolin -Collagen, using as model a chronic osteomyelitis in a dog's femur. The result was verified by means of X rays, bone scans, intermittent bacteriological checks and, finally, histology. Taurolin, a chemotherapeuticum derived from the aminosulfonic acid, Taurin, was proven to be compatible. It led to regression of the osteomyelitis. PMID- 7314832 TI - [Bronchopulmonary infection with fever]. PMID- 7314834 TI - [Typical fever course in infections. Diagnostic significance]. PMID- 7314833 TI - [Fever in urology]. PMID- 7314835 TI - [Fever in endocrine]. PMID- 7314836 TI - [Antibiotic therapy - attempt at a status determination]. PMID- 7314837 TI - [Influenza vaccination. Position of the German Society for the Prevention fo Virus Diseases and the German Public Health Office]. PMID- 7314838 TI - [How would you have diagnosed? 18th example: patient Ak., K, male, born 1 March 1948]. PMID- 7314840 TI - [Schizophrenia]. PMID- 7314839 TI - [Emergency in general medicine (1)]. PMID- 7314841 TI - [The treatment of accident caused and postoperative pain conditions in children with Valoron N or else Valoron]. PMID- 7314842 TI - [Physiology of consciousness and consciousness disorders]. PMID- 7314844 TI - [Brain edema and consciousness]. PMID- 7314845 TI - [Differential diagnosis of consciousness disorders in vascular processes]. PMID- 7314843 TI - [Consciousness disorders and the penetration syndrome. Symptom genesis and clinical aspects]. PMID- 7314846 TI - [Differential diagnosis of consciousness disorders in cerebral seizure disorders]. PMID- 7314847 TI - [Alcoholism - recognition and treatment ways]. PMID- 7314848 TI - [Definition problem in general medicine]. PMID- 7314849 TI - [Myocardial infarct and cardiogenic shock. Causes and disease picture]. PMID- 7314850 TI - [Some questions on "classification and evolution"]. PMID- 7314851 TI - [Angina pectoris and hypertension. Dilzem: new alternative to therapy]. PMID- 7314852 TI - [Cefadroxil - fewer single administrations in better bioavailability]. PMID- 7314853 TI - [A possibility for cooking salt restriction. Properties and composition of a new strictly sodium poor diet salt]. PMID- 7314854 TI - [Hygiene in the physician's practice]. PMID- 7314855 TI - ["Hospitalism" in general practice of the established physician? General practice germs - infections - antibiotics]. PMID- 7314856 TI - [Chemical disinfection and sterilization]. PMID- 7314857 TI - [Disinfection - destruction of small animals]. PMID- 7314858 TI - [Social hygiene and health care. Significance for the family physician]. PMID- 7314859 TI - [The "four-curved" scoliosis. The effect on the additional lumbosacral spinal curve by the three dimensional Schroth's scoliosis treatment]. PMID- 7314861 TI - [Acute appendicitis. Cause and disease picture]. PMID- 7314860 TI - [Epigastric hernia from the internistic view]. PMID- 7314862 TI - [Hypertension treatment under general practice conditions. Experiences with Lasix long 30]. PMID- 7314863 TI - [Effect on the frequency of banal cold infections by esberitox]. PMID- 7314864 TI - [Indications for osteosynthesis of childhood fractures]. PMID- 7314865 TI - Lipid metabolism of human arterial wall explants under normal and hyperoxic conditions in vitro. PMID- 7314866 TI - [Effect of graduated ergometer stress on the function of human thrombocytes. Comparative examinations in control persons and patients with arterial occlusive disease in state II after Fontaine]. PMID- 7314867 TI - Pelvic steal syndrome. An appraisal illustrated by clinical and haemodynamic data on seven cases. PMID- 7314868 TI - [Late results of anticoagulation in reconstructions for occlusive disease of the lower extremity]. PMID- 7314869 TI - [Prospective study on the effect of lumbar sympathectomy in state II of arterial occlusive disease. Observations after 10 years]. PMID- 7314870 TI - [Effect of the diameter of blood vessel prostheses on the occlusion frequency. An animal experimental study]. PMID- 7314871 TI - [Celiac-mesenteric bypass in visceral recurrent arterial occlusion]. PMID- 7314872 TI - [Mesenteric ischemia as a complication in a dialysis patient]. PMID- 7314873 TI - Effort thrombosis, a complication of thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 7314874 TI - [Fogarty-balloon-catheter lesion in cava occlusion]. PMID- 7314875 TI - [Biochemical definition of uremia]. PMID- 7314876 TI - [The treatment of uremia 1980]. PMID- 7314877 TI - [Current concepts concerning the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 7314878 TI - [Neural induction in birds]. PMID- 7314879 TI - [Protection of the myocardium in open heart surgery]. PMID- 7314880 TI - [Protection of the myocardium during hypothermal potassium cardioplegia]. PMID- 7314881 TI - [Correction of rheologic disorders by ultraviolet irradiation of blood]. PMID- 7314882 TI - [Computer tomography and radioisotope scintigraphy of the pancreas]. PMID- 7314883 TI - [Protection of the myocardium during operations on the aortic valve]. PMID- 7314884 TI - [Dynamic viscoelastic characteristics of the skin in psoriasis]. PMID- 7314885 TI - [Clinical forms and classification of psychogenic dermatoses]. PMID- 7314886 TI - [Hereditary dermatoses and syndromes in pediatric dermatologic practice]. PMID- 7314887 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase activity and its isoenzyme spectrum in the skin and blood serum in ichthyosis]. PMID- 7314888 TI - [Cellular immunity dynamics in pyoderma in the treatment process]. PMID- 7314889 TI - [Effect of antileprotic preparations on glycolytic processes in rats infected with human Mycobacterium leprae]. PMID- 7314891 TI - [Role of body immune reactivity in the formation of superficial and infiltrative zooanthroponotic trichophytosis]. PMID- 7314890 TI - [Fungi as 1 of the basic causes of eczematous body reactions]. PMID- 7314892 TI - [Lipid metabolic state in syphilis]. PMID- 7314893 TI - [Clinical classifications of actinomycosis]. PMID- 7314894 TI - [Case of Werther-Dumling papulonecrotic dermatitis]. PMID- 7314895 TI - [Toxicoallergic reaction to bismoverol]. PMID- 7314896 TI - [Lichen ruber planus annularis]. PMID- 7314897 TI - [Anaphylactic shock in a gonorrhea patient after a penicillin injection]. PMID- 7314898 TI - [Clinical laboratory evaluation of the rifampicin's therapeutic effectiveness in treating fresh gonorrhea in men]. PMID- 7314899 TI - [Transformation of parapsoriasis into mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 7314900 TI - [Characteristics of the activity of neurons of the parietal cortex of alert monkeys in comparison to the frontal and motor areas]. AB - Analysis was made of spike activity of nerve cells in the parietal cortex of alert Macaca mulatta when the animal performed the task of delayed alternative choice. The parietal cortex neurones (at the boundary between fields 5 and 7) were divided into two groups by the mean background frequency of their spike activity and by their functional properties. Cells with relatively low frequency (up to 10 imp/s) resemble by their functional properties prefrontal cortex neurones, whereas neurones with a background frequency over 10 imp/s reveal a similarity with motor cortex cells. PMID- 7314901 TI - [Analysis of the spike activity of neurons of the orbital cortex of rabbits during feeding behavior]. AB - Computer analysis of statistical characteristics (mean interspike interval, mean frequency of discharges, standard deviation, variation coefficient, coefficients of serial correlation and histograms of interspike intervals duration) of spike activity of 31 neurones in the orbital cortex recorded in eleven experiments on six unrestrained rabbits reveals a specific reflection of the main stages of the animals' alimentary purposive behaviour. PMID- 7314902 TI - [Interaction between heterogeneous streams of excitation in the process of fixation and extraction of information in the central nervous system]. AB - Neuronal reactions in the hippocampus and sensorimotor area were recorded in alert rabbits during conditioning to light flashes of different frequency, reinforced by isochronous electro-cutaneous stimulation. Changes of responses to light flashes (CS) as compared with those to an inhibitory stimulus, were observed in the sensorimotor neurones which reacted to the reinforcement by a convergence or frequency-nonspecific type of response, and in the hippocampal neurones reacting to electro-cutaneous stimulation: they were manifested in imitation by CS action of frequency-nonspecific components of response to reinforcement. The results obtained corroborate the concept of appearance in response to a stimulus of heterogeneous excitation flow: modality-specific and modality-nonspecific, as well as of a substantial role of their convergence in the integration of neurones during fixation and reproduction of information in the CNS. PMID- 7314903 TI - [Functional state of the hippocampo-reticular complex during submaximal physical loading and fatigue]. AB - On 22 rabbits with bipolar electrodes chronically implanted in the dorsal hippocampus and the mid-brain reticular formation, it has been established that a submaximal physical load in non-trained animals results in a stable drop of excitability of the studied structures. In the process of a 30-day training programme the hippocampus excitability was lowered, while the reticular formation excitability after a short-term lowering increased and returned to the initial level on the 20th day of training. On the EEG of the studied structures, high amplitude activity predominated, local blood flow increased only in the reticular formation. The nature of functional interrelations of the studied structures changed both in the non-trained animals and during training. PMID- 7314904 TI - [Post-tetanic changes in the excitation threshold of the excitable membrane of a cortical neuron by a depolarizing current]. AB - Posttetanic plasticity of cortical neurone is attended with reversible changes in the threshold of stimulation of the electrically excitable membrane with depolarizing current, and in its excitability. In the period of posttetanic facilitation, the stimulation threshold is lowered while the membrane excitability is enhanced. In the period of posttetanic depression, the stimulation threshold is higher, the membrane excitability is reduced. Definite directions of changes in the threshold of stimulation of the electrically excitable membrane with depolarizing current and, correspondingly, in its excitability, peculiar to each kind of posttetanic plasticity, testify to active contribution of the membrane to the organization of plastic rearrangements of the neurone's spike response. PMID- 7314907 TI - [Stability characteristic for formation of conditioned reflexes to time interval ratios]. PMID- 7314906 TI - [Conditioned reflex to stimulation of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus]. PMID- 7314905 TI - [EEG evaluation of mental stress]. PMID- 7314908 TI - [Device for pharmacologic and electrophysiologic studies of subcortical brain structures in chronic experiments in animals]. PMID- 7314909 TI - [Dynamics of interhemispheric functional relations during formation of a functional connection between a visual signal and an unrecognized word]. AB - The study was made on adult humans in a conflict situation. A combination of a non-verbal visual stimulus with an unrecognized emotional word substantially changes interhemispheric functional relations. The latency of the P300 potential in response to the first stimulus becomes reduced in the left occipital area. The potential amplitude considerably diminishes in all the recorded cortical areas (occipital, associative and central), but the reductions more pronounced in the left hemisphere. The nature of the P300 wave changes in response to the conditional stimulus is determined by psychophysiological properties of the "reinforcing" stimulus, in particular by its being non-recognized. Conditioned changes of the P300 wave in tests, where the "reinforcing" stimulus is not recognized, are very stable, and are not extinguished, despite repetitive presentation of the signal without combining it with the emotional word. PMID- 7314910 TI - [Solution of visual and verbal tasks in 5--8-year-old children]. AB - Age and sexual differences in the quality of processing visual and verbal complex signals of different complexity were studied in two groups of 5 to 6 and 7 to 8 years old children (30 children in each). Five to six year old children are able to correctly process only simple signal complexes, the quality of processing more perfect in boys. At the age of seven, the quality of solving problems consisting of complex signals, considerably improves, which is linked to the development of the dominating role of the second signal system. Girls process more successfully visual signals, boys--verbal ones. Three stages are assumed in the development of mental processes involved in the solution of problems consisting of signal complexes. PMID- 7314911 TI - [Elaboration of an alimentary conditioned reflex to electric stimulation of septal nuclei in dogs]. AB - An alimentary instrumental conditioned reflex was elaborated in four dogs to electrical stimulation of the septum medial and lateral areas. Elaboration proceeded differently depending on localization of the stimulating electrode: in response to electrical stimulation of the medial septal area it was achieved more rapidly than to stimulation of the lateral area. Typical inhibitory effects of food-procuring reactions to stimulation of the lateral area were recorded, which disappeared in the process of conditioning. The elaborated stable conditioned reflex could be extinguished and restored. PMID- 7314912 TI - [Age and elaboration of conditioned reflex switching in dogs]. AB - Conditioned switching-over during initial elaboration of either a food-procuring or defensive (two-way shuttle-box avoidance) reflex in the same experimental chamber was studied in one-and-a-half month puppies and adult dogs. In the adult animals, initial learning of both habits proceeded more rapidly than in the puppies. When the defensive habit was elaborated first, subsequent elaboration of the food-procuring reflex in conditions of switching-over was much longer due to a high level of fear. In the puppies, on the contrary, regardless of which of the two habits was elaborated first, duration of the second habit elaboration in conditions of switching-over was considerably shorter. The transfer of experience from one experimental situation to other is apparently facilitated by absence of fear. The data obtained are considered from the viewpoint of the hypothesis on similarity in the behaviour of puppies and adult hippocampectomized dogs. PMID- 7314913 TI - [Discriminative and extinctive inhibition of alimentary conditioned reflexes against a background of electric stimulation of the parietal cortex]. AB - Changes in differentiation and extinction inhibition of alimentary secretory conditioned reflexes during electrical stimulation of parietal cortical zones with a weak subthreshold current of 1 to 100 imp/s frequency were studied in dogs with electrodes implanted in the cerebral cortex. It was found that stimulation of these associative cortical areas results in disinhibition of differentiation inhibition. The depth of the disturbance depends on the frequency of the stimulating current: with high frequency stimulation, the effects of disinhibition are much more pronounced. Extinction of the conditioned alimentary reflex to an acoustic stimulus during stimulation is also impeded and is accompanied by motor alimentary excitation, particularly when the parietal cortex is stimulated by the high-frequency current. PMID- 7314914 TI - [EEG correlates of the functional organization of damaged cat brain following restoration of conditioned activity]. AB - EEG-correlates of completed functional brain reorganization following its lesion were studied on six adult cats. Performance by the cats of a conditioned delayed food reflex restored after a bilateral ablation of the temporal cortical areas, was attended with the statistically significant changes in both temporal and spatial patterns of probability of appearance of single EEG-oscillations for all the studied frequency ranges: 2.0-4.5; 4.5-7.5; 7.5-10.5; 10.5-14.0 c/s. Reorganization of brain activity was characterized by a vast involvement of all the studied brain structures and areas: the frontal, parietal, occipital cortex, the ventral and dorsal hippocampus, the caudate nucleus head, the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus and hypothalamic lateral area. PMID- 7314915 TI - [Statistical analysis of interneuronal functional connections during conditioned reflex elaboration]. AB - A milk conditioned reflex to a low frequency electrical stimulation of the visual pathways was elaborated in cats. Multineuronal activity in the visual and sensorimotor cortical areas was recorded in the chronic experiment. Statistical analysis of interneuronal intraanalyser and interanalyzer connections was made by constructing crosscorrelograms on the "Plurimat-C" computer. Comparison of the results of the interneuronal interaction in untrained and trained cats has shown an increase of one-way and two-way connections of both the intraanalyser and interanalyser types. Neurones with medium amplitude spikes changed their net properties more than other units acquiring ingoing and outgoing connections in both studied areas of the learned animals. Acquisition was achieved in all the neurones mainly due to increased number of connections from the sensorimotor analyser to the visual one. The problems of formation of backward conditioned connections and "local" conditioned reflex are discussed. PMID- 7314916 TI - [Spike responses of sensomotor cortex neurons to isolated and combined stimulation of thalamic nuclei]. AB - Simultaneous records of spike activity of several neighbouring neurones in the cat sensorimotor cortex have shown that isolated single stimulations of the thalamic ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) produce in different units of one and the same cortical microarea impulse responses visibly differing by their latencies and general pattern of discharges. These initially different reactions underwent pronounced changes under the action of combined stimulation of the VPL and the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus (VL). Ordinarily such changes were oppositely directed: enhancement of reactions of certain neurones was developing parallel with diminished activity of others of the same cortical microarea. PMID- 7314917 TI - [Character of behavior in an avoidance situation as a criterion for evaluation of the typologic characteristics of rats]. AB - Comparison of three different shapes of behaviour in rats reveals following correlations: rats elaborating avoidance of closed space in response to cries of another individual (first group) significantly more frequently come into the centre of the "open field", exhibit greater alimentary activity in the new chamber in a state of moderate hunger and elaborate an alimentary reflex more readily as compared with the animals, which steadily prefer closed space (third group). But they elaborate inhibition of the motor alimentary reaction with difficulty. High stability of the elaborated behaviour (as expressed in the percentage of conditioned reactions after a three-week stressing effect) was exhibited by the animals of the first group, and non-stability by those of the third and second groups. The latter one, occupying a "middle" position was characterized by the highest level of motor restlessness in the avoidance situation, which is regarded as an analog of the alarm property. PMID- 7314918 TI - [Spectral analysis of the EEG and intracortical connections in the presence of a pathologic focus at different levels of the human brain]. AB - EEG spectral analysis in 68 patients with focal brain lesions has shown that EEG power spectra are characterized by greatest changes in the focal zone, as manifested in the augmenting of the slow component and diminution of the alpha component. By means of phasic analysis it has been established that the slow component is generated in the focal zone. Analysis of the complex function of EEG coherence detected different variants of changes in the spatial-temporal organization of cortical electrical activity, determined by localization of the focus and the extent of its impact on the brain. The revealed discordance of EEG connections, diminution of coherence in some parts of the hemispheres with simultaneous enhancement in the others, manifested differently in different physiological rhythms ranges, reflects an impairment in the structure of intracortical connections of electrical processes, which is typical of the normal brain. PMID- 7314919 TI - [Neurophysiologic mechanisms of the change in visual perception in children between 3 and 7 years of age]. AB - Analysis of evoked potentials (EP) to visual images (a homogenous square, a checker-board and a schematic image of a face) has revealed one and the same type EP configuration and reactivity in the projection and posterior associative areas in three to four year old children. Six to seven year old children have exhibited a specialization of cortical areas involvement in the analysis of visual stimuli of different complexity, as manifested in the predominant reactivity of the projection and anterocentral areas in response to presentiation of the checker board and of the temporo-parieto-occipital zone in response to the face image. Characteristics of involvement of different areas in the analysis of visual stimuli are compared with reaction time and the "time of central processing" in the course of elaboration of a reaction of choice of images out of various number of alternatives. The dynamics of such characteristics in three to four and six to seven year old children is the same in the choice of easily recognizable checker board and familiar (face) images and does not coincide at the presentation of probabilistic textures: their differentation is readily achieved only by children of senior age. It is assumed that the nature of involvement of different areas in the reaction to complex visual stimuli accounts for the characteristics of visual perception at different stages of individual development. PMID- 7314920 TI - [A simple method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin type B in vanilla custard using the ELISA (author's transl)]. AB - The ELISA for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin type B (SEB) was employed to demonstrate SEB in Dutch Vanilla custard. Due to the sensitivity of the ELISA the extraction procedure, which is necessary when the Ouchterlony test is used, can be abbreviated to a great extent. Two successive extractions at pH 7.4 and pH 4.5 followed by a concentration (1:20) was sufficient to detect 0.1 mcg SEB in 100 g custard. PMID- 7314921 TI - Automated enzymatic determination of ATP in bovine muscle tissue. AB - An automated method is described for the enzymatic determination of adenosine-5' triphosphate (ATP) in meat using hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) in the range of 0-115 micrograms/ml. THe NADPH formed is measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. ATP can be analysed at a rate of forty samples per hour. PMID- 7314922 TI - [Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Switzerland]. AB - Before starting the health education program of the National Research Program lA "Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Switzerland", a baseline assessment in a stratified random sample in Aarau, Solothurn, Nyon and Vevey was performed (1977/1978). Results of this baseline assessment are given for blood pressure, plasma cholesterol and smoking habits. PMID- 7314923 TI - [ROBETH: a library for robust statistical procedures]. AB - In the past 20 years the theory of robust estimation has become an important topic of mathematical statistics. We discuss here some basic concepts of this theory with the help of simple examples. Furthermore we describe a subroutine library for the application of robust statistical procedures, which was developed with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. PMID- 7314925 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction: epidemiologic study of the proportion of patients who die before reaching a hospital]. AB - In the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, the first few hours following the onset of symptoms are often decisive as to the outcome. However, many patients die before reaching a hospital. We tried to estimate this proportion for one year for the canton of Tessin by studying hospital data and official death certificates. Such an estimation is most important for the measurement of the incidence of an often rapidly fatal disease like acute myocardial infarction, as well as for the evaluation of forms of emergency transport and care in our health system. PMID- 7314924 TI - [Blood pressure in the aged]. AB - The study, based on datas of an inquiry by the association for the study of problems of the elderly, shows the epidemiology of arterial hypertension in a population aged over 65 years. 46% of the 48o examined persons from Basel and Berne had diastolic blood pressure values greater than or equal to 95 mmHg. 40% of those hypertensives were treated under control, 12% treated without control, 13% not treated at all, and 35% unknown. The percentage of the unknown hypertensives suggests, that the recording of the increased blood pressure is improvable in this age group. The high prevalence of hypertension in the elderly population as well as the grave consequences complications caused by hypertension should call our attention to the recording and treatment of arterial hypertension in the elderly. PMID- 7314926 TI - [Mortality of suicide in French-speaking Switzerland from 1970 to 1979]. PMID- 7314927 TI - [Rubella immunization in Switzerland (infection rate in cantons with different immunization practices]. AB - By means of rubella antibody determinations we attempted to determine the value of routine rubella immunization of adolescent girls. For this purpose we compared the antibody titres of young women and men from Basle City/Basle Country (immunization since 1969) with those of persons of the same age from Uri (no immunization) and Nidwalden (immunization only since 1977). The difference in the infection rate between nonimmunized young men and women of the same age in Basle is significant. In Uri and Nidwalden most young adults have rubella antibodies despite the lack of immunization. The reasons why we nevertheless recommend the introduction of routine immunization in the Canton of Uri are discussed. PMID- 7314928 TI - [Practical application of tuberculin tests]. AB - A study was conducted to compare the Tuberculin-Tine test with the Tuberculin Monotest; a total of 1861 pupils (age 15) were tested with either of the two tests, non-reactors were retested with a Mantoux-Test of 10 UI. False negative rates were 16% for the Tuberculin Tine-test and 25% for the Monotest. However the positive reactions of the Monotest were more unequivocal. PMID- 7314929 TI - [Dental caries in the cantons of Glarus and Waadt, 4 years and 8 years after the introduction of fluordized salt]. AB - In 1955 for the first time 90 mg of fluoride was added to 1-kg domestic salt packages in Switzerland. This dosage turned out to be too low for an effective inhibition of caries. Later the fluoride level of salt for use in households, bakeries, canteens and restaurants was raised to 250 mg/kg in the cantons of Vaud (1970) and Glarus (1975). Average numbers of DMF-teeth of schoolchildren initially and after 4 years (canton of Glarus) and 8 years (canton of Vaud) of salt fluoridation (250 ppmF) show a reduction of caries experience. Decreases failed to appear only in age classes with initially low caries experience, the latter having been due to previous distribution of fluoride tablets. PMID- 7314930 TI - [Blood pressure and cholesterol levels in adolescence]. PMID- 7314931 TI - [Nutritional condition of school children in the city of Basel assessed by means of anthropometric data (weight, height and body mass index]. PMID- 7314932 TI - [Nutritional value of luncheons for high school students]. PMID- 7314933 TI - [Slight variations of vitamin A in blood levels and their effect on visual perception]. AB - The purpose of this study was to find out a simple perceptual visual test that gives the possibility to detect the visual incidence of slight variations of the vitamin A blood rate. The visual function was tested in 30 young subjects without refraction problems at the same time as blood concentration of vitamin A was measured. Visual tests comprised visual acuity at high and low luminance level, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity as well as attenuation characteristics of the eye toward flickering stimuli. Among all these tests, only the flicker test showed some relation with the plasma vitamin A levels, which were situated between 35 and 75 mcg/100 ml. PMID- 7314934 TI - [Air quality and high volume sampling methods of atmospheric dusts]. AB - Various combinations of hi-vol samplers, size-selective inlet and two cascade impactors were tested near a highway. The Sierra 235 cascade slot impactor yielded low total dust values and very small apparent aerodynamic diameters. Sampling with the size selective inlet was found to correlate satisfactorily with hi-vol data. The effect of humidity on the mass of field collected dust is also discussed. PMID- 7314935 TI - [Organic micropollutants in water. Preliminary results on haloforms and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]. PMID- 7314936 TI - [Parasitic disease in schoolchildren in a village in Swiss Jura]. AB - In a village of the Swiss Jura we examined 134 schoolchildren (7 to 16 years old) clinically, parasitologically and serologically for parasites. Half of the children showed an insufficient hygiene of hands, feet and/or anus. In 7 out of 107 anus-scotch-tests there were eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. Protozoans could be demonstrated in 8 of 133 MIF-stool-samples (2 cases of Giardia lamblia, 2 Endolimax nana and 4 Jodamoeba butschlii). Using the procedure of enrichment of Telemann no helminth eggs were detected. Altogether parasites were found in 10% of the children. 31 children have antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (IF titre greater than or equal to 1:40). 5 children showed a positive Toxocara-serology, additional 5 an uncertain positive reaction. The immunodiagnostic of Echinococcosis (ELISA, IF, IHA, CIE) was doubtfully positive in 4 children. In this study, intestinal protozoans and E. vermicularis were the most commonly occurring parasites followed by asymptomatic toxocariasis. PMID- 7314937 TI - [Oscillating light from characters on screens]. AB - An apparatus for measuring the sharpness, the oscillation degree and the stability of characters of 8 different VDTs were developed. Furthermore the contrast of luminances between the essential surfaces was measured. The following results were observed: 2 VDTs had good ergonomic qualities, one was only sufficient and 5 VDTs had insufficient ergonomic light conditions. PMID- 7314938 TI - [Pollution in underground parking lots and risks of exposure]. PMID- 7314939 TI - [Working conditions, self-destructive behavior and well-being]. AB - The author discusses some relationships between work situation (defined by contents, work load, and conditions of coping with stress) and the following variables: satisfaction with work, self-reported psychosomatic symptoms, alcohol consumption, and smoking. The analysis is based on interview data of 450 men aged 35 to 50. PMID- 7314940 TI - [Health survey of households by National Research Program 8: results of the preliminary tests]. PMID- 7314941 TI - [Analysis of smoking behavior in cigarette smokers]. AB - Cigarette puffing behavior and depth of inhalation (expired CO) were measured in 110 non successful abstainers when smoking their habitual brand. CO-uptake was similar for smokers for all types of cigarettes (0.1-1.7 mg nicotine yield). PMID- 7314942 TI - [Smoking and consumption of cannabis products]. PMID- 7314943 TI - [Female ex-smokers]. AB - Among 1036 employed women from 44 randomly selected factories in German-speaking Switzerland, there were exactly 100 smokers, i.e. barely 10%. Of 1260 similarly representative men from these same factories there were 14% exsmokers. Most of the women who had stopped smoking had done so for fear of damaging their health and 9% had stopped during pregnancy. The factors slow reduction in smoking, doctor, spouse, sport, weight gain after stopping smoking and willpower are evaluated. PMID- 7314944 TI - [Delinquency and drugs in the Juvenile Court of Vaud canton-from 1971 to 1979]. AB - The evolution of illicit drug consumption by adolescents in the canton of Vaud, 1971 to 1979, was assessed from data available by the Juvenile Court. Some results of this study are presented. The quantitative changes are then discussed in relation with changes in the social framework, such as the evolution of the ideology of delinquent adolescents, the altered concepts of repression by the police and jurisdiction, and the evolution of facilities for the care of drug users. PMID- 7314945 TI - [Health education in Switzerland: first analysis of topics covered by the institutions]. AB - This paper reports a survey of 454 institutions working in the field of health education. The 3 directions of the investigation are the topics covered by health education programs, the target-populations and the geographical coverage. This preliminary study discusses the concept of health conveyed by the institutions from a quantitative and a qualitative point of view. PMID- 7314946 TI - [Use of mediators/multiplicators--a sketch]. AB - The poster "Intervention through Mediators/Multiplicators" outlines a extended model for mediators and multiplicators. It mentions different sources of the idea to use mediators or multiplicators and shows, how they can be engaged in different tasks. A combination of both concepts to one model for mediators/multiplicators seems to be favorable for interventions in social and preventive medicine. PMID- 7314947 TI - [Work shop for child abuse with special attention to psychologic abuse]. PMID- 7314948 TI - [Excess mortality in out-patients psychiatry: first results of a Geneva study]. AB - The project intends to prove an excess of mortality among the out-patients of the official psychiatric center of Geneva. The study is of the follow-up retrospective type. The primary results confirm the hypothesis. They show an increased relative risk of death by suicide and other non natural causes, for both sexes, as well as by natural causes (especially respiratory diseases) but only among women. PMID- 7314949 TI - [Drug consumption by students in Basel]. AB - A survey on drug consumption of school children of Basle (age 13-18) was conducted by anonymous questionnaire and involved 50% of the adolescents concerned. Analgesic drugs were taken by almost 60% of pupils, this proportion increased with age and demands of school. Psychosomatic complaints like headache were the most frequent reasons given for the consumption of drugs; alternative treatments for such complaints were unknown to the pupils. PMID- 7314950 TI - [Therapy of obese children]. AB - Behavioural group treatment for families with obese children is presented: after analysing their actual living situation (eating-drinking, habits, physical activities, school situation etc.) parents and children work out changes and train these together. Included in this one-year program is a 3-week vacation-camp for the children. PMID- 7314952 TI - [Pattern of care and diagnosis in out-patient psychiatry]. PMID- 7314951 TI - [Behavior therapeutic training for weight reduction]. AB - A behaviour therapeutic program for weight reduction was worked out by a team of psychologists, dieticians and doctors. A 10 week's course for weight reduction was given by 8 dieticians to a group of 5-7 female overweights (N=50). All dieticians based their work on a written handout. 4 of them had an additional training in behaviour and group therapy prior to the course. During the course all participants showed a significant weight loss and a change in their eating behaviour, the patients counselled by an additionally trained dietician (group E1) showing a significantly greater weight loss than the others (group E2). A follow-up after 3 1/2 months revealed similar differences but subsequent controls after 6 and 20 months showed a gradual decrease of the difference between the two groups. However three different patterns of the patient's weight curve could be distinguished. Pattern a): 26.3% of the participants showed a sinking tendency over all 20 months. Pattern b): 21.4% of the participants showed a significant weight loss over the 20 months with a slight upward tendency after the second follow-up (6 months). Pattern c): 52.3% of the participants lost weight only during the course which was regained in the following 3 months period. In pattern a) and c) group E1 and E2 are evenly represented. Pattern b) was only seen with participants of group E1. The results suggest that there are different characteristics of obese persons which influence the success of weight reduction programs. Further studies will have to describe these characteristics and define their therapeutical implications. PMID- 7314953 TI - [Pseudo pectus excavatum (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314954 TI - [Surgical aspects of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (author's transl)]. AB - Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an inflammatory bowel disease of which the etiology is not understood. The clinical picture tends to be variable and is related to the particular layer of bowel involved. There may be ileo-colitis with obstructive symptoms, disturbances of gastric emptying or a diffuse small bowel problem with mal-absorption in relation to eosinophilic gastroenteritis. The majority of children present with intestinal obstruction and surgical intervention is necessary. The differential diagnosis in relation to other obstructive bowel diseases is difficult and can usually only be done following biopsy or resection with histopathological investigation. A peripheral blood eosinophilia is present in only two-thirds of the patients. PMID- 7314955 TI - [Segmental colonic atresia - a contribution to the differential diagnosis of ileus in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Segmental atresia of the colon is regarded as an urgent emergency in the neonatal period and quick diagnosis and surgical interference are necessary. In spite of the rarity of this condition it could be thought about in the differential diagnosis in infants with relevant symptoms and can be diagnosed by simple means. The author's own technique is described in relation to the case of atresia of the transverse colon. The aetiology, classification, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. The prognosis depends very much on early diagnosis. PMID- 7314956 TI - Reliability of the acetylcholinesterase (ACE) reaction in rectal mucosal biopsies for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. AB - The ACE reaction in superficial rectal biopsies is a valuable diagnostic procedure for Hirschsprung's disease. Although the literature mentions a reliability as high as 100 percent accuracy, a false negative ACE reaction can occur. So the result of the histochemical examination can never be seen apart from the clinical picture. This paper deals with false-negative ACE reactions in 3 children. A false-negative ACE reaction is suggested to be caused by a developmental disturbance in the 6th or 7th embryonal week. Since this disturbance can be responsible also for an aganglionosis of the total colon and a part of the ileum, the chance of a false negative ACE reaction is postulated to be increased in an extensive aganglionosis in precisely those cases which are already a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. PMID- 7314957 TI - [Animal experiments concerning the autoimplantation of splenic tissue (author's transl)]. AB - 15 male rabbits were divided into three groups. The animals in group 1 were splenectomized. In group 2 pulpa tissue from the cut surface of the spleen was left in the abdominal cavity. Group 3 was sham operated. After 15 months all animals from group 2 showed particles of histologically intact splenic tissue mainly on the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall. The implications of the autoimplantation of splenic tissue during splenectomy are discussed. PMID- 7314959 TI - Sacral (pelvic) "rib" or coccygeal "duplication"? AB - A 41/2-year-old girl with a sacral (pelvic) rib is reported. Three additional cases are reviewed from the literature. Histological, radiological and embryological evidence substantiate this "rib" anomaly, although coccygeal "duplication" rather than "rib" may be suggested by the presence of two bony elements separated by a "joint". All the affected cases were females, the "rib" being always right-sided, and possibly being a cause of feto-pelvic disproportion. Associated mild skeletal anomalies have occasionally been observed. PMID- 7314958 TI - Pulmonary arterio-venous fistula in a child: a rare cause of congenital cyanosis. AB - A 12-year-old girl with a solitary pulmonary arterio-venous fistula (P.A.V.F.) affecting the R.L.L. is reported. The cyanosis was noted since birth and increased with age. The diagnosis was confirmed by right heart catheterization and pulmonary arteriography. Preoperatively, her hematocrit was 73%, paO2 36 mm Hg and no bruit was heard. The treatment consisted of a right lower lobectomy. One year postoperatively, the patient has normal activities, is asymptomatic and has no evidence of residual disease. A short review of the literature on the subject of P.A.V.F. is included and indicates the relative rarity of surgical treatment of this disease in childhood. PMID- 7314960 TI - [Carcinoma of the rectum in a 13-year-old boy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7314961 TI - [The pseudoluxation of the acromio-clavicular joint - a special type of epiphyseolysis (author's transl)]. AB - The difficulty in diagnosis of pseudoluxation of the acromio-clavicular joint is illustrated with the case of a ten year old boy. A similar radiological picture may be obtained in luxation of the acromio-clavicular joint with rupture of the ligaments (Tossy III) and also pseudoluxation following degeneration of the distal end of the clavicle with peri-ostial tear. The history of peri-ostial injury must be considered in the dynamic aspects in relation to the skeletal development when making this diagnosis. In the group of paediatric injuries close to joints the pseudoluxation of the acromio-clavicular joint is a modification of the architecture and variation of epiphysiolysis. PMID- 7314962 TI - Contribution to ano-rectal manometry with side-opening catheter. PMID- 7314963 TI - The "microscopic" type of meconium peritonitis. AB - An evaluation of patients with meconium peritonitis shows that, apart from the fibro-adhesive type, the (Pseudo) cystic and the generalized type, a fourth type can be distinguished. In a case of this fourth type, the "microscopic" type of meconium peritonitis, no signs of a peritonitis are found on macroscopic examination of the abdominal cavity. Conversely, microscopic examination will reveal meconium components focally outside the bowel. The clinical and histological data of 14 patients are discussed. It is pointed out that a significantly large number of patients with meconium peritonitis also have atresia of the small bowel. Based on the patient evaluation, a hypothesis is brought forward concerning the pathogenesis of these atresias. PMID- 7314964 TI - [Biorheological contribution to the problem of rheumatic joint diseases]. AB - The rheological properties of synovial fluids from patients with different rheumatic diseases are discussed. Viscosities of 73 samples were determined and are compared to a standard of "healthy" human synovial fluid p. m. and to bovine synovia. Typical differences between "healthy", degenerative and inflammatory synovial fluids could be discerned. These differences can be characterized with several rheological parameters. The mechanism of lubrication in joints and the role of synovial fluid as a lubricant are discussed. Rheological properties of polymere solutions which could serve as a substitute for sick synovial fluids are described and compared to the properties of healthy synovia. Several possibilities for molecular changes which could account for the deterioration of synovial fluids in patients with different rheumatic diseases are discussed. PMID- 7314965 TI - Collagen-related hydroxyproline in rheumatoid and osteoarthritic synovial fluids. PMID- 7314967 TI - [Value of scintigraphy for the early diagnosis of spondylitis ankylosans]. AB - Quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy was performed in 33 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 34 patients with nonspecific low back pain, and 30 control subjects. Significantly increased uptakes over the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) were found in patients with AS and in patients with degenerative changes of the SIJ. No significant differences were found between patients with mechanical low back pain by lumbar strain or by degenerative changes of the lumbar spine and the control subjects. But there were 2 of 13 patients with low back pain by lumbar strain with pathologic uptakes over the ISG. Since the scintigraphic technique is not specific, it is necessary to compare the scintigraphic results with clinical and radiological findings in each patient. On this condition sacroiliac scintigraphy is useful in early diagnosis of AS. PMID- 7314966 TI - [Method of graded estimation of inflammatory activity in acute rheumatism (rheumatic fever) and rheumatoid arthritis based on laboratory blood findings]. PMID- 7314968 TI - A new model of experimental amyloidosis? PMID- 7314969 TI - [The self and happiness feelings]. AB - The objectives of applied psychoanalysis result from its therapeutic mission. Fear and feelings of guilt ought to be diminished, restraints reduced and gaps in the experience and perception be filled up. This must be the content of psychotherapeutic work. Simultaneously it is implied, that the basic vital feeling will change positively. Its components can be determined by the concepts of satisfaction, pride, happiness and the capability for a positive outlook into the future. The concepts discussed here are related to the concepts of ego- and self-development. Exploring these specific aspects of the attitude towards life can provide additional prognostic information. PMID- 7314970 TI - [Possible interferences in planned and unplanned transitions between single and family therapy]. AB - Especially therapists trained for diagnostic and therapeutic work with individuals who are working in an area where they are compelled to include the patient's relatives into the therapy must be careful of the consequences resulting from a possible blending in with systemic epistomology. With the example of a diagnostic interview it is demonstrated where these various parameters differ and what they have in common and where their specific influence upon the therapeutic effect lies. This is considered a necessity with regard to avoiding adverse interferences. PMID- 7314971 TI - [Dyad as illusion? Reflections on some structural conditions in a 2 person relationship with the example of partnership and psychoanalysis]. AB - The psychoanalytic situation is based on a dyadic concept where the relatives of the patient easily may be regarded as a disturbing element which should be eliminated as far as possible. In reality, however, there exist manifold interrelationships and feedback mechanisms among the psychoanalytic dyad and other significant relationships of a patient in psychoanalysis. The relational triangle of patient, partner and psychoanalyst is taken as an example to demonstrate within a sociological framework the process of competition of two primary one-to-one relationships mutually demanding exclusivity. Because of the inhibited communication between the analyst and the partner of the patient, this competition, however, cannot be settled obviously. It is rather shifted into the partner-relationship where it appears as a (originally iatrogenic) conflict of the couple which, then, easily may be misinterpreted by the psychoanalyst from a psychopathological point of view and not in terms of structural interrelations. In this process, a scapegoat function often is ascribed to the partner of the patient who is not able to disprove this interpretation and may react in a paranoid manner. The patient, on his part, in this situation often suffers from a loyalty conflict between his partner and his analyst which can be resolved in several modes. One pattern of solution is the splitting of the transference into a totally "good" and a totally "bad" relationship, the negative side generally ascribed to the partner-relationship. The different viewpoints of Kohut and Kernberg regarding these splitting phenomenons in the transference are discussed, and also the problem, whether a protracted narcissistic transference as required by Kohut for the treatment of narcissistic personalities must not lead to undue impairment of a concurrent real relationship of the patient. There is the question whether the present state of psychoanalytic technique can do justice to relational triangle as presented here from a sociological point of view, or whether they rather are denied (out of structural reasons, too) by a dyadic conception which does not correspond to the post-symbiotic reality of adult patients, even when a disturbance on the so-called prae-oedipal level is attested to them. PMID- 7314972 TI - [Personality picture of gout patients]. AB - 41 male patients (from the Medical Polyclinic of the University of Munich) suffering from gout have been studied with the semi-standardized psychoanalytic interview and psychological test methods. The result was that all of the patients had a pathologic narcissistic personality. They could be divided up into two groups: two thirds of the patients corresponded with the "philobats" and one third with the "oknophiles" of Balint's concept. Some aspects of the interview data could be verified by the standardized psychological tests. Beyond the metaphoric classification with Balint's concept it was interesting to find parallels to M. Mahler's observations on the mother-child-relation. Corresponding interpretations were possible. Questions concerning the illness behavior, the first attack of the gout together with the psychological conflict were discussed. Further research programs are considered necessary. Nevertheless there are reasons to presume that gout is a multifactorial disease with alimentary, genetic and psychological aetiopathogenetic conditions. PMID- 7314973 TI - [Psychosomatic differentiation between colitis ulcerosa and ileitis terminalis (Crohn disease)]. AB - The discussion on the differentiation of colitis ulcerosa and ileitis terminalis (M. Crohn) respectively has not as yet been settled in regard to their psychosomatic aspects. This study attempts to examine differences in the psychic manifestation occasionally discussed in the literature and in the clinical environment with the aid of psychological tests and data won by means of semi standardized interviews. The results support the hypothesis that there are differences in the psychic structures of the patients from the two samples. Patients suffering from colitis ulcerosa show a closer resemblance to one another than the M. Crohn patients. The general impression is that they area "more normal" and better adjusted. Among the M. Crohn patients a difference must be made between an older, depressive part of the sample, and a younger, more active group with pronounced dependency conflicts. The connections with psychodynamic interpretations are discussed. PMID- 7314974 TI - [Psychosomatic contribution to the etiopathogenesis of colitis ulcerosa]. AB - In the present investigation biographic and test-psychologically collected variables in patients with chronically recurrent and chronically continuous forms of colitis ulcerosa are described and analysed. While in patients with a chronically recurrent course of the disease coincident reactions upon situations and/or constellations of situations considered as encumbrance or stress in the sense of the onset of the disease or its recurrence could be discovered, such correlations were found in less than 20 per cent of the patients with a primarily chronic course of the disease. In the latter patients, however the "psychosomatic phenomenon" according to Stephanos [16] could be observed. An analysis of both groups of patients revealed a high correlation between the factors course of the disease and alexithymic characteristics. PMID- 7314975 TI - [Sigmund Freud in supervision]. AB - Hilda Doolittle's memories of her analysis with Sigmund Freud in the years 1933/34 motivated the author to act playfully as a posthumous supervisor of Freud. It becomes obvious that a transference/countertransference configuration which manifested itself in the very first hour could not be analyzed. The reason was found in an unsolvable contradiction between Freud's countertransference feelings of disappointment and rage and his wishes as an old man threatened by death to be loved by a young woman and to assure posthumous fame. Both the countertransference feelings and the wishes of Freud were not analyzed but acted out. In this process the favorite dog of Freud, Jofi, had an important part as a mediator and transitional object. It was Jofi which protected the working alliance against the conflicting non-analyzed feelings of Freud. PMID- 7314976 TI - [Differential diagnosis of avascular space-occupying lesions in the kidney region]. PMID- 7314977 TI - [Preoperative renal artery embolization of malignant tumors in external patients]. AB - In 53 external patients with extensive malignant renal tumours before nephrectomy the renal artery was closed centrally by radioopaque ivalonchips. 46 arteries were completely obturated, in 7 cases the embolization was incomplete. This method of embolization is indicated preoperatively because there are some advantages concerning technique of operation. In or ivalon-material there was only one complication without clinical symptoms. The occurring ischemic pain was controllable by medicaments and eased off within some hours. Directly after transcatheter occlusion the patients can be transported back under first aid conditions in hospital where will be nephrectomy carried out. PMID- 7314978 TI - [Successful treatment of a massive postoperative hemorrhage in a solitary kidney by "temporary" percutaneous transcatheter embolization]. PMID- 7314980 TI - [Morphological results following transureterureterostomy with definitive nephrostomy]. PMID- 7314979 TI - [Role of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of seminoma]. PMID- 7314982 TI - [The reaction of enzyme activities in the perfusate of mechanically conserved kidneys in animal experiments]. PMID- 7314981 TI - [Evaluation of different procedures for hypothermic kidney preservation]. PMID- 7314983 TI - [First experiences with hemofiltration]. PMID- 7314984 TI - [Aspects for hormone therapy in prostate cancer]. AB - At present the antiandrogenic hormone therapy is a main form of the treatment of the carcinoma of the prostate. It is a palliative treatment. With reference to the testosterone metabolism the extra- and intraprostatic effect is explained. The present state of the hormone receptor research is critically explained, and by reason of the still uncertain prognosis of the effectiveness of the hormone treatment the necessity of a curative therapy (radical operation, radiotherapy with curative aim) is evident. PMID- 7314985 TI - [Urine stream pressure and urethral energy loss]. AB - In the present paper is reported on the estimation of several physical parameters of the urinary stream leaving the urethra in boys. Normal values which we determined in 33 boys could be compared with the measuring values in patients with subvesical disturbances of the passage. Proximal stenoses are characterized by a low residual energy of the urinary stream. In distal stenoses it is normal to increased. The clinical importance may result from the possibility of the diagnosis of disturbances in which quickly is to be reckoned with the development of secondary changes of the upper urinary tract with the help of a non-invasive method. The calculation of the urethral loss of energy allows further informations. It demands a suprapubic puncture of the urinary bladder for measuring the pressure. PMID- 7314986 TI - [Treatment of advanced kidney cancer]. AB - The essential prolongation of the survival time of the patients with advanced renal carcinoma after the combined therapy by more than the threefold shows in comparison to the symptomatically treated patients that in these cases the nephrectomy with subsequent cytostatic therapy is indicated. PMID- 7314988 TI - [Intrascrotal herniation of the ureter (case report)]. PMID- 7314987 TI - [Experiences and results in the construction of arterio-venous fistulas after Brescia-Cimino]. AB - A thrombosis rate of 50% in the subcutaneous arteriovenous connection applied between 1969 and 1975 led to the elaboration of a regime the operative and postoperative criteria of which are demonstrated. With the help of the new conception the rate of the early occlusions could be reduced to 1,25% in the fistulae applied since 1977. PMID- 7314989 TI - [Monstrous retrovesical calcinosis]. PMID- 7314990 TI - [The development of mental well-being of children in a chronic hemodialysis program]. PMID- 7314991 TI - [The dielectric behavior of the isolated kidney during hypothermic preservation]. PMID- 7314992 TI - [Principles for the conservative drug therapy treatment of prostate cancer]. PMID- 7314993 TI - [Differences in the liver N-acetyltransferase activity in laboratory rats following feeding with various standard diets]. PMID- 7314994 TI - [Growth behavior of human neoplasms following transplantation into nu/nu mice. I. Dependency on the age of recipient animals]. PMID- 7314996 TI - [Quantities and units in clinical biochemistry using to the International System of Units (SI)]. PMID- 7314995 TI - Claw anomalies in adult Wistar rats. PMID- 7314997 TI - [Occupational and sociologic aspects of shift-work. Effects of promotion on shift workers]. PMID- 7314998 TI - [Technical and medical measures to control occupational diseases using silicosis as an example]. PMID- 7314999 TI - [Aspects of the shift-work problem]. PMID- 7315000 TI - [Possibilities for reduction of working hours in continuous shift operations with particular consideration to criteria for the shortest possible work cycles]. PMID- 7315001 TI - [Factors influencing anastomotic leakage after total gastrectomy with special reference to ABO blood groups (author's transl)]. AB - One of the hazardous problems of total gastrectomy is anastomotic leakage. A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the factors which may have an impact on anastomotic leakage. 188 patients who underwent total gastrectomy at the Surgical Department in the Klinikum Steglitz of the Free University of West Berlin and the Marien-Hospital in Osnabrueck from 1963 to 1979 were investigated. Age, sex preoperative haemoglobin and total protein as well as the dignity of the underlying disease have been found to have no influence on the rate of anastomotic leakage. However, patients with blood group A have a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower leakage rate than patients with blood group 0, and patients with scirrhous carcinoma have also a significantly lower leakage rate than those with adenocarcinoma and solid carcinoma. Possible relationship among ABO blood groups and different kinds of disease are discussed. PMID- 7315002 TI - [Detection and therapy of rectal cancer (author's transl)]. AB - The state of detection and therapy of rectal cancer in the capital of Berlin is compared with that in the rural region of Neubrandenburg. The trend and regional differences between metropolitan and rural areas were investigated. It was shown that a population-based cancer registry yields useful information. The proportion of new cases in old age increased; stage distribution showed a tendency towards earlier detection; operative treatment became more aggressive and more successful. However, the state of detection and management was found to remain still better in the metropolitan area than in the rural region. PMID- 7315003 TI - [Immune level in diffuse peritonitis (author's transl)]. AB - In patients suffering from diffuse peritonitis serum levels of Ig A, Ig M and Ig G were examined. In general, there was no decrease of serum concentration. On the contrary an increase of Ig M and Ig A with a concomitant decrease of the serum albumin level could be observed in the postoperative phase. This happened especially in patients with a lethal outcome. The results obtained do not speak for a severe impairment of the humoral immunity in patients with diffuse peritonitis. Final conclusions concerning the evaluation of an additional gammaglobulin therapy in patients with peritonitis cannot be drawn. PMID- 7315004 TI - [Pathogenesis and therapy of penis fracture]. PMID- 7315005 TI - [Xenoderm in plastic maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 7315006 TI - [Prematurity and placental insufficiency]. AB - The authors analysed 1,528 "genuine" single premature births, between the 28th and 36th weeks of pregnancy and over a period between 1975 and 1979, with the view to establishing clinical manifestations of nutritive, respiratory, and hormonosynthetic disorders of the placenta as possible causes of prematurity. A high percentage of hypotrophic prematurely born infants (birth weights being 10. bis 5. and below 5. percentile) and even more latent nutritional deficiency in eutrophic prematurely born infants (average weight being below the 50th percentile in all weeks of pregnancy) seem to suggest the existence of a relationship between prematurity and nutritive placental insufficiency. Retardation of growth was found to aggravate along with growing age of gestation, but it was not found to result from previous tocolysis. Prematurely born infants are extremely endangered by reduced respiratory functionality of the placenta under the stress of birth, but this endangerment cannot be equally established before labour, with premature birth imminent.--Deficiently nourished foetuses are exposed to dangers of prepartum and intrapartum respiratory complications, even in cases of premature birth. These risk is likely to worsen along with aggravating impairment of nutritional functionality of the placenta. The effects of nutritional and respiratory placental insufficiency on acidosis morbidity, RDS incidence, and overall mortality (stillbirths and neonatal mortality included) of prematurely born infants are described and discussed. Biochemical hormone investigations have pointed in the direction of latent functional impairment of the placental or of foetoplacental unity in cases of prematurity at large. The morphological functionality of the placental villus trophoblast was found to be impaired in all cases so far reviewed, whatever the established clinical causes had been. This seems to be an important foundation for the concept of relationship between prematurity and placental insufficiency. PMID- 7315008 TI - [BMT 9141--new foetal monitor (author's transl)]. AB - The BMT 9141, a foetal monitor, is described in this paper. It has succeeded the BMT 504, an earlier model which has worked well. It has been designed for alternative external or combined internal foetal monitoring. An automatic labour evaluation unit has been added as a new element. The monitor has stood its clinical test with good success. PMID- 7315007 TI - [Obstetric and neonatological aspects relating to incidence and importance of respiratory distress syndrome in prematurely born infants (author's transl)]. AB - Morbidity and mortality due to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were analysed for 225 infants prematurely born between the 28th and 36th weeks of pregnancy in 1978. RDS morbidity accounted for 40 per cent, when based on enlarged clinical diagnosis, and for twelve per cent, when based only on radiographic thorax findings of phases II, III, and IV, according to Giedeon, and on histological post-mortem findings from the lungs. Early RDS mortality was found to be 7.5 per cent.--The rates of severe membrane syndromes and early deaths due to RDS were statistically reduced only in one pregnancy group, that is between the 31st and 32nd weeks, following prenatal Prednisolut prophylaxis. No death of infants occurred beyond the 33rd week of pregnancy, and no severe case of RDS was any longer recorded beyond the 34th week. Infants delivered by caesarean section were much more strongly exposed than others to hypoxia. Therefore, no valid information could be established about the impact of caesarean section on the development of RDS.--Conclusions are drawn from the above findings as to obstetric approach to imminent premature birth or to planned premature delivery. PMID- 7315009 TI - [Prognostication of foetal weight by means of ultrasonic foetometry. Study into accuracy of various formulae and analysis of error sources (author's transl)]. AB - The author conducted a large-scale study into all accessible formulae for foetal weight assessment on the basis of ultrasonic measurement. Included were the author's own recently devised formulae. They were all studied for their accuracy, with reference being made to 100 unselected data groupings.--Another analysis was made for the purpose of finding out the extent to which the number of data used by different examiners could change differences between estimated results derived from formulae. Reference in great detail is made also to the effects of measurement errors and selection of data upon formula results.--Proper choice of measurement level was found to be important. Abdominal parameters proved to be superior to thoracic parameters. Estimated results, generally, improved along with the number of foetal measuring points, provided they were really relevant and weightful.--Discussed is the relative value which should be ascribed to all factors with impact on the accuracy of weight prognosis. Proper choice of an adequate mathematical model or adjustment of such choice to foetal data is considered to be essential, because it has to be made by optimum consideration of all factors.--All the above formulae were verified, but accuracies claimed earlier by original authors were reproducible only in some rare cases. The demand, therefore, is made that whenever new formulae are introduced the best of all available techniques of assessment should be used to compare their results, with reference to be made to the same, unselected patients. This is considered to be the best way for an objective assessment of their advantages.--An account is given of those practicable formulae which can be recommended, as a result of the comparison, and for which easy-to-use nomograms are available. PMID- 7315011 TI - [Animal experiments to study effects of pure sound and street noise on ontogenesis of mouse (author's transl)]. AB - Studies were conducted into the effects of pure sound and street noise on ontogenesis of mouse. The biometric variables of newborn animals were decreased with significance. Dwarfism, haematomas, resorption, and skeletal malformations were also recorded. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed. PMID- 7315012 TI - [Classification of gestoses (author's transl)]. AB - Brief reference is made to classification of gestoses. For purposes of research, classification should be restricted to cases of "pregnancy-induced hypertension" which are, more or less, identical with cases of pre-eclampsia. Grouping by pathogenesis, as established by the two American Committees, is considered to be suitable for proper coverage of all cases of gestoses, say, for statistical records. PMID- 7315010 TI - [Collagenolytic activity of human cervical tissue, following local application of prostaglandin E2 (PG E2), using a portio adapter (author's transl)]. AB - A biological assay was used to determine collagenolytic activities in cervical tissue of 16 patients, who had received PG E2 treatment for cervical ripening, and of another 16 patients in whom cervical ripening had occurred spontaneously. The cervical tissue required for the assay was obtained by small biopsy after delivery. The first group of probands received 1.25 mg PG E2 in aqueous solution which was locally applied to the cervix through a portio adapter. Mean lysis, related to a tissue sample of 2 mm in diameter and following twelve hours of incubation, amounted to 7.82 +/- 2.58 mm2 in the treated group and to 5.39 +/- 1.06 mm2 in the untreated group. A statistically significant difference of p less than 0.005 was, accordingly, obtained by a Student-t test of unpaired observation. The results of the author's tests have shown that rise in collagenolytic activity was one of the major effects when prostaglandin was locally applied for cervical ripening. PMID- 7315013 TI - [Primipara in advanced age with myomatous uterus--caesarean section with complications (author's transl)]. AB - Myomatous uterus and transverse presentation was recorded from a primipara, 45 years of age, with unconspicious case history, about four weeks before term. Cephalometric and cardiotocographic findings had been non-contributory. Typical isthmic caesarean section could not be performed for strongly pronounced myoma in the cervical region of the uterus. The embryonic cavity could be reached only by very high corporeal longitudinal section. A widely intact infant was born, with all the technical problems involved. PMID- 7315015 TI - [Experience from use of new cervix dilatator (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315014 TI - [Use of no-protein blood extract for infertility and sterility (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro studies into the effects of various concentrations of Solcoseryl (Solco, Basle, Switzerland) on selected asthenozoospermia patients have shown rise in motility in 26 per cent of the probands and decline in motility in 17 per cent. Spermatozoan motility was most strongly increased by a five per cent concentration of Solcoseryl.--Fifty-one patients, from whom different spermiographic findings had been earlier obtained, received ten injections of one ampoule of Solcoseryl daily, with weekend pauses inserted. Included were 46 oligozoospermia, 31 asthenozoospermia, and eight hypospermia. Spermiographic checks were undertaken on termination of therapy, and others followed two weeks, four weeks, three months, and six months after termination of therapy. They all gave improved findings, which were most unambiguous with regard to the number of spermia.--Findings were at least temporarily normal after treatment in 58 per cent of the patients with asthenozoospermia. The wives of eleven in 44 patients (25 per cent) with Solcoseryl treatment were pregnant after three months, as established in follow-up examinations. Artificial insemination was applied to 45 patients, among them 37 with maritogenic approach and eight cases with donogenic approach, using Solcoseryl. Eleven pregnancies were obtained from maritogenic insemination. Pregnancy was achieved in 38 per cent of the probands who received cryopreserved donor semen. These findings would not justify the claim of direct conception-producing action for Solcoseryl, in the context of insemination treatment. PMID- 7315016 TI - [A case of olfacto-genital dysplasia--Kallman syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315017 TI - [Effect of immunoglobulin prophylaxis on the occurrence of anicteric and subclinical variants of infectious hepatitis]. PMID- 7315018 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of cholera E1/or in cases of predominantly water and household modes of disease transmission]. PMID- 7315019 TI - [Critical remarks on F. Weyer research on the extracellular development of Rickettsia]. PMID- 7315021 TI - [Kinetics of formation of anaphylactic antibodies in guinea pigs immunized with DPT vaccine]. PMID- 7315020 TI - [Experimental study of Brucella protective antigen (protein-polysaccharide complex)]. PMID- 7315022 TI - [Taxonomy of Enterobacteriaceae. Group of Proteus]. PMID- 7315023 TI - [Detection of thermolabile exotoxin in B. thuringiensis and its separation from phospholipase C]. PMID- 7315024 TI - [Brain lesions in children under 2-years-old with perinatal encephalopathy and severe cerebral palsy]. AB - The authors carried out clinical observations of 103 children with grave damages of the central nervous system. Twenty-five children died of intercurrent diseases. The results of pathomorphological examinations of the dead children's brain were compared with the clinical picture of grave forms of perinatal encephalopathy and infantile cerebral paralysis. Taking into consideration the pathological course of the pregnancy and labour in the children's mothers, the presence of the neurological symptoms since the very first days of the children's life, as well as the results of the pathomorphological examinations of the brain, one can conclude that it is a lingering inflammatory process (started as an intrauterine one in most children) that is the morphological base of these diseases. PMID- 7315025 TI - [Rigid spine syndrome]. AB - Data of the clinical and laboratory examinations of 6 children (4 girls and 2 boys) with the syndrome of rigid vertebral column are presented. In half of them the syndrome appeared to be of family character. An analysis of the family history data pointed to the recessive type of the syndrome inheritance. The disease manifested itself in an impairment of the axial muscles (because of which the flexion of the neck and the trunk got sharply limited), a slight myopathic syndrome, scoliosis and cardiomyopathy. Histochemical examinations of biopsy specimens taken from the affected muscles showed prevalence of type I fibres and proliferation of the connective tissue. The data obtained were compared with those described in literature earlier, as well as with those obtained from patients with clinically similar forms, e. g. Rotauf's myodystrophy and multipivotal myopathy. PMID- 7315026 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of a myotonic syndrome in children resulting from birth injury]. AB - The authors observed 68 ill children with pronounced muscular hypotonia (myotonia), who were thoroughly examined. The authors describe a group of cervical syndromes and present the symptomatology of myotonic manifestations. On the spondylograms, and with the help of REG and EMG, the signs typical for the natal damage of the cervical area of the spine and spinal cord were revealed. It is concluded that in most of the cases myotonia arises as a result of natally caused ischemia of the reticular formation of the brain stem. PMID- 7315027 TI - [Significance of cytotoxic anti-brain antibodies in the blood in infantile cerebral palsy]. AB - The results of examining the blood serum of 75 children aged up to 2 years suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis of various gravity, as well as the results of analogous examinations of 21 healthy children are presented. Use was made of the immunological tests of glia migration inhibition, and of complement fixation. It was shown that the results of both tests characterized the gravity of the disease. The glia migration inhibition tests (performed with the use of brain antigen) has made it possible to detect cytotoxic anticerebral antibodies in children with a mild, moderate, and grave degrees of the disease much more often than the complement fixation test. The rise of the titres of those antibodies was found to be in a certain correlation with the disease gravity and outcome. The data obtained were compared with the results of morphological examinations of the brain of serum-positive children. Prospects of using the glia migration inhibition test in combinations with clinical and morphological examinations for further studies of the pathogenesis of the infantile cerebral paralysis are discussed. PMID- 7315028 TI - [Disorders of higher mental functions in the early stages of hydrocephalus]. AB - The authors have carried out neuropsychological examinations of 32 children operated for hydrocephalus on the first year of the life. A syndrome of the higher psychic function disturbances characteristics for children with early hydrocephalus is described, and the results of the neuropsychological function examinations were compared with the character, etiology, and gravity of the hydrocephalus. In the children with the early hydrocephalus a high incidence of sinistrality was revealed, the fact, that gives one grounds to explain the peculiarities of the syndrome observed in them by an anomaly of the development of the brain functional asymmetry. PMID- 7315029 TI - [Dynamics of the hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome in infants]. AB - Results of a 3-year-long observation of 1,158 children in whom the hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome was diagnosed in the first months of life are presented. With regard to the size of the head, the gravity of the hypertensive hydrocephalic symptoms, and the changes on the part of the nervous system by the third year of the life the children were divided into three groups. The first group included 51 children with progressing hypertensive syndrome and congenital hydrocephalus because of anomalies of the cerebrospinal fluid system and the brain. In 821 children of the second group, the head remained enlarged in size by 3 to 10 cm. In half of them changes of the neurological status in the form of pathologies of the craniocerebral nerves, high tendon reflexes, pareses, and the atactic syndrome were revealed. In 102 children there remained a retardation of the psychic and speech development. 286 children of the third group were found to be healthy at the age of 3 years. Thus, in 1/3 of the children who have had a perinatal pathology the hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome appeared to be of a transitory character, and regressed completely by the age of two years. PMID- 7315031 TI - [Autonomic reactions in patients with infantile cerebral palsy]. AB - The authors examined the neurovegetative reactions in 20 children aged 2 to 5 years suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis. The children examined had suffered perinatal hypoxia and natal intracranial injuries. Combined examinations of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and thermoregulatory systems were carried out in standard conditions in a microclimate chamber. Various types of the response of the above systems to the orthostatic, solar, and oculocardiac loads were revealed. The disturbances of the homeostatic functions of the central and peripheral genesis on the one hand, and mode-rate hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome on the other were found to be in parallel. On the basis of the data of their experimental study the authors conclude that in the children examined the higher vegetative centres responsible for the body homeostasis have suffered a hypoxic damage. PMID- 7315030 TI - [Determination of normal rheoencephalographic parameters in childhood]. AB - Being a non-invasive method rheoencephalography (in combination with other supplementary methods) is particularly recommended for objective estimation of changes of the cerebral hemodynamics in children. Normal parameters are the basis for discovering and estimating abnormalities. A standardized program was used for examining 677 healthy children aged 0 to 16 years. The children were examined in the sitting, standing, and lying positions, as well as after hyperventilation. After calculating the mean values for one age group and comparing these values in all groups the children were divided into six age groups. For each group the mean values of the amplitude, the anacrotic phase duration, the total duration of the pulse wave, the relative pulse volume, and the height and amplitude of the dicrotic wave were determined. Besides that functional rheographic relations were found: their use facilitated the acquisition of information on individual reactive peculiarities of the cerebral hemodynamics under loads of the blood circulation system. PMID- 7315032 TI - [ABO blood group system and vegetative-vascular disorders in children]. AB - The distribution of the blood groups of the ABO system was examined in 159 children with various vegetovascular disorders. The results were compared with the data on the distribution of the same blood groups in local population. A statistically significant (P less than 0.001) prevalence of persons with blood group A(II) and a lesser number of persons with blood group O(I) was revealed among the patients. It is assumed that the blood group A(II) is an unfavourable factor for children with vegetovascular disorders. An analogy is drawn with various diseases and cerebral circulation impairments in adults in whom a number of authors consider the blood group A(II) to be a risk factor. PMID- 7315033 TI - [Neurologic syndromes in infants with the toxic form of pneumonia]. AB - Clinico-neurological and electroencephalographic examinations were carried out in 100 infants with the toxic form of pneumonia. A particular attention was paid to the analysis of vegetative disturbances. The results of the clinical examinations were compared with the data of morphological examinations of the brain of 10 dead infants. It was found that the leading neurological syndromes of the toxic form of pneumonia were a toxico-hypoxic coma, encephalomeningeal, and hypertensive hydrocephalic syndromes accompanied with symptoms of vegetative nervous system depression of various gravity, and changes in the cerebrospinal fluid in the form of protein-cell dissociation. PMID- 7315034 TI - [Nervous system pathology in children with scleroderma]. AB - An examination of 50 children suffering from various forms of scleroderma revealed clinical signs of nervous system involvement. The data of the skin functional parameters pointed to symptoms of irritation of the sympathetic nervous system. Electroencephalographic and electromyographic changes were observed. On being involved into the pathological process the nervous system begins to participate in the further development of the disease. PMID- 7315035 TI - [Dynamics of succinate dehydrogenase activity to premature infants with hypothalamic brain damage]. AB - Cytochemical examinations of the activity of lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (AP) were carried out in 70 prematurely born infants. Later catamnestic observations of the neuropsychic development of these children were carried out up to the age of 6 to 7 years. An analysis of correlations between the cytochemical findings and the data on the neuropsychic status showed a high informative value of the SDH activity level for forecasting subsequent delay of the psychic development, as well as some other neurological syndromes in prematurely born children. The data obtained give one grounds of recommend cytochemical examinations of infants with perinatal hypoxic damage of the brain for forecasting their subsequent neuropsychic development and instituting early correcting and individual therapy. PMID- 7315036 TI - [Experience with the use of aminalon in the complex treatment of children with meningococcal infections]. AB - The results of using the Soviet drug aminalon in combined therapy of 143 children aged 7 months to 16 years suffering from generalized meningococcal infection are presented. According to the data of catamnestic observation the use of the drug in the early convalescence period contributed to a reduction of the incidence of residual manifestations in the patients, and prevented development of the cerebrospinal syndrome. In the late restorative period, the repeated courses of aminalon in combination with vitamins and other biostimulants are indicated in children with asthenohypodynamic states or having difficulties of learning at school. PMID- 7315037 TI - [Clinico-dynamic study of puberal psychoses with affective cyclothymic onsets]. PMID- 7315038 TI - [Affective disorders (syndromes) in the clinical picture of schizophrenic children]. PMID- 7315039 TI - [Differential diagnosis between obsessive neurosis and schizophrenia in children]. AB - Under study there were 116 patients with obsessive neurosis who had fallen sick in childhood and adolescence, as well as 28 schizophrenics with obsessive syndrome who had fallen sick at the same age, and were at first observed by pedopsychiatrists as patients with the obsessive neurosis. Dynamic clinical and catamnestic studies of the two groups of the patients have enabled the authors to specify a number of signs supplementing the criteria of differentiating those diseases described in literature. Characteristic of the obsessive neurosis are signs of perseverance of the "through" syndrome, i. e. the type of the obsessive syndrome (compulsive, phobic, or mixed compulsive-phobic one) determining this or that clinical variant of the neurosis throughout the whole disease. Patients with schizophrenia show a tendency to a "regressive" time course of the syndrome, i. e. to addition of obsessions corresponding to earlier levels of the psychic response. PMID- 7315040 TI - [Role of age in the dynamics of the syndromologic structure of borderline mental disorders in children (according to data from epidemiologic studies)]. AB - Borderline psychic diseases were studied (on the basis of the results of epidemiological examinations) in 11,000 urban children aged 0 to 14 years. The studies have revealed a relationship between the clinical manifestations of a disease and the age factor. Prevalent psychopathological syndromes, as well as symptoms characteristic for this or that age period were disclosed. A mathematical correlation analysis of the inter-connections between the environmental factors and individual reactivity on the one hand, and the neurotic and neurosis-like disorders on the other showed that the above factors were of no equal importance for children of different age groups. The data obtained are necessary for solving problems concerning the differential diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of psychic diseases in children. PMID- 7315041 TI - [Prepuberal anorexia nervosa]. AB - Under examination there were 17 girls with pre-pubertal nervous anorexia. In distinction from typical nervous anorexia these patients showed no definite changes of the disease stages: in particular there was no cachexia. Characteristic for the food behaviour of these patients was development of the so called emetic forms of the reactions that did not depend on the patients' pre morbid peculiarities. In general, pre-pubertal nervous anorexia should be regarded as a manifestation of hysterical forms of reaction. The disease is distinguished for a favourable course and a good prognosis. PMID- 7315042 TI - [Follow-up of patients with neurosis-like stuttering]. AB - Clinico-catamnestic and logopedic examinations were carried out in 125 patients who had been suffering from grave neurosis-like spasmophemia since the speech mastering. By the time of the examination the patients' average age was 20 years. The examinations have shown that in 59%, of the patients the spasmophemia has ceased; 22% have had a considerable improvement; in 10% there was a slight improvement, and 9% showed no improvement at all. Of great importance for eliminating and relieving the spasmophemia was correction of not only the speech defect, but also the patients' personality peculiarities. PMID- 7315043 TI - [Role of psychotherapy in the complex treatment of children who stutter]. AB - In 30 preschool children the efficacy of various psychotherapeutic methods in the treatment of spasmophemia was estimated. The effect of group psychotherapy, play therapy and age-modified variants of autogenous training is described. Importance of family psychotherapy is determined, and attempts at specifying the most typical pathological family situations are made. It is noted that the psychotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of spasmophemia at the preschool age, and contributes to a stable social adaptation of the child. PMID- 7315044 TI - [Syndrome of alcoholic embryopathy]. AB - The paper discusses 8 cases with the syndrome of alcoholic embryopathy (5 boys and 3 girls aged from 8 to 14 years). All children examined had specific craniofacial abnormalities, oligophrenia, small height and weight at birth, microcephaly, combined in some cases with different defects of development (defect of interatrial septum, cleft palate, spina bifida). Two cases of alcoholic embryopathy are given in detail. The significance of different factors in the pathogenesis of this syndrome is discussed. PMID- 7315045 TI - [Algorhythm for EEG description for use in clinical practice and disability evaluation]. AB - An algorithm of verbal description of EEGs based on the method of quantitative assessment of the brain bioelectric activity is suggested. One should take into account the distribution, the pattern, the degree of the rhythm distortion by other signals, presence of generalized manifestations, local outbreaks and paroxysms. The algorithm includes description of the orientation reaction, responses to rhythmic and trigger photostimulation, hyperventilation and pharmacological loads. The algorithm suggested allows a more complete use of the information contained in the EEG and can be a good basis for composing a program for respective specialized computers. PMID- 7315046 TI - [Compressed spectral EEG analysis of patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. AB - The use of a new examination method -- compressed spectral analysis of EEGs by way of computerized Fourier's transformation -- is described. The method was used for examining 43 patients with cerebral stroke. Real-time comparisons of EEGs and data of their compressed spectral analysis were made in healthy subjects and patients with cerebral strokes of various character. Data on long-time on-line registration of the EEG spectrograms in patients with the cerebral strokes are presented, and the time course of the changes of those spectrograms in patients with the ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is followed up. Prognostic criteria of the EEG spectrograms in cerebral strokes of various gravity are determined. PMID- 7315048 TI - [Restoration of disrupted functions in patients who have sustained hemorrhages into the optic thalamus]. AB - Using computerized tomography of the brain the authors diagnosed hemorrhages to the thalamus in 8 patients out of 74 with hemispheral hemorrhages. Peculiarities of the restoration of the disturbed functions in this group of the patients are analyzed. A dissociation between the marked restoration of elementary motor functions and a poorer restoration of motor habits was revealed. This dissociation was due to a considerable degree to the presence of a pronounced asthenodepressive syndrome in these patients. The clinical syndrome characteristic of hemorrhage to the thalamus is described. PMID- 7315047 TI - [Speech syndrome and its course in patients who have sustained an ischemic stroke (clinico-tomographic study)]. AB - Clinical and tomographic examinations of 40 patients with aphasia developed after an ischemic stroke were carried out. In more than half of them no correlation between the aphasia gravity and character on the one hand, and the size and localization of the ischemic focus (or foci) in the brain on the other was noted. With similar character and gravity of the speech disorder the size and localization of the ischemic foci may be different, ad vice versa. It has been shown that the interrelations between the focal pathology of the brain and the character and gravity of speech disorders are very complicated. One should take into consideration the possibility of individual organization of the speech functions, the degree of the speech activity automatism before the disease, and the state of the cerebrovascular system as a whole. PMID- 7315049 TI - [Clinico-rheoencephalographic characteristics and criteria for different initial forms of atherosclerotic brain lesions]. AB - The author analyzes the clinical and rheoencephalographic characteristics of the cerebral circulation in 252 patients with initial signs of cerebral circulation insufficiency, 198 patients with the initial stage of dyscirculatory encephalopathy due to atherosclerosis, and in 149 healthy subjects of a young age. Distinct criteria for differentiating the above groups have been defined. These criteria are necessary for developing an automated system of prophylactic examinations of population. PMID- 7315050 TI - [Respiratory and central hemodynamic responses during a session of hyperbaric oxygenation in patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. AB - On the basis of examining the changes of external respiration function and the central circulation in the course of treatment by hyperbaric oxygenation given to 64 patients with acute cerebral circulation disorders the authors have come to the following conclusions: a) patients with acute cerebral circulation disorders may show five types of the response to hyperbaric oxygenation; b) the type of the patient's response to each session may change during the treatment course; c) a prognosis of the response type is usually impossible; d) none of the response types leads to an aggravation of the disease clinical picture; e) the changed external respiration function and the central circulation return in 3 to 4 hours to their initial parameters. PMID- 7315051 TI - [Status of cerebral circulation in patients with hemiplegia of vascular and traumatic origin treated with decimeter therapy and an alternating magnetic field]. AB - Results of treating 181 patients for hemiparesis after a cerebral stroke or a craniocerebral injury by local exposure of the pathological focus to decimeter electromagnetic waves (DW) and alternating magnetic field (AMF) are presented. It is shown that these treatment methods improve the cerebral circulation and contribute to earlier restoration of the motor functions, especially, if used in combination with sulfide baths, therapeutic physical exercises and massage. The therapeutic effectiveness of the DW- and AMF-therapy is confirmed objectively by so informative examination methods, as rheoencephalography, ultrasonic dopplerography, and thermography. PMID- 7315052 TI - [Decimeter wave therapy in the rehabilitation of stroke patients]. AB - A new approach to the treatment of cerebral strokes is discussed. This approach consists in exposing the pathological focus in the brain to the action of decimeter electromagnetic waves (DW). The results of treating 112 patients with cerebral circulation disorders have demonstrated a sufficiently high effectiveness and a broad range of the therapeutic action of this new method. The decimeter waves contributed to restoration of the motor and sensor functions in the patients with the cerebral strokes; they produced a regulatory effect on the cerebral ad peripheral blood circulation, the brain bioelectric activity, the functions of the neuromuscular apparatus, lipid metabolism, the blood coagulation and anticoagulation system and the neuromediator metabolism. The data obtained suggest that it is a diminution (achieved with the use of DW) of the pathological impulsation flow from the pathological focus in the brain that plays the main role in the restoration of the impaired functions in patients with cerebral strokes. This conclusion is very important for understanding the pathogenesis of cerebral circulation disturbances. PMID- 7315053 TI - [Bell's palsy (prevention and treatment)]. AB - The effectiveness of a variety of the most popular methods used for treatment Bell's paralysis is analyzed on a great number (1168 patients) of cases. It has been found that the results of the treatment are predetermined primarily by the gravity of the facial nerve affection. No convincing dependence of the treatment effect on the disease etiology was noted, except cases of Bell's paralysis of vascular etiology, the outcome of which was worse. A less favourable outcome was also observed in patients over 60 years of age and in cases of paralysis relapses. Of the methods of treating Bell's paralysis tested by the authors it was early use of perineural injections of hydrocortisone and novocaine in combination with the traditional methods (etiotropic, resorptive, and restorative means, electrotherapy, exercises) that proved to be the most efficacious. On the basis of the follow-up study of 676 patients recommendations on the treatment of residual phenomena of Bell's paralysis and on preventing the latter's relapses are given. PMID- 7315054 TI - [Segmental kyphosis: etiology and sequelae]. AB - On analyzing the results of observing over 100 patients the author supposed that the kyphotic position of two neighbouring vertebrae noticeably changed the conditions of the functioning of both vertebrae and of the disc lying between them. This was confirmed by the results of a theoretical study of the mechanical conditions created in a model of the vertebral column, as well as by some data of experimental studies described in literature, and the results of clinical and roentgenological examinations of 117 patients with a cuneiform variation of the vertebral body shape. It was found that under certain circumstances this variation might be the cause of protrusions or hernias of the intervertebral discs. A classification of the specific reactions of the vertebral bodies to the unusual conditions of the functioning is suggested. The participation of a number of anatomo-physiological systems in the vertebral column biomechanics gives ample opportunities for compensating the changes in the conditions of its functioning. However, a disturbance of the balanced operation of those systems may eventually lead to development of degenerative processes in the vertebral column, and, possibly, in other organs, e. g. in the joints. Real importance and probable prospects of using the discovered regularities for the health service practice are noted. PMID- 7315055 TI - [Electroencephalographic profile and dynamics of individual changes in the EEG of paranoid schizophrenics during treatment with aminazine (clinico electroencephalographic correlation)]. AB - The authors analyze the changes of the frequency and amplitude characteristics of EEGs in schizophrenic patients treated with aminazin. Under study there were changes characterizing the so-called EEG profile of aminazin, as well as changes reflecting individual reconstitution of the EEG in each patient. The changes related to the aminazin EEG profile, as well as the individual changes of the EEGs were found to be associated with the treatment efficacy ad the form of the schizophrenia course. The character of this association suggests that the EEG profile reflects the reactivity of the brain to the aminazin application, whereas the individual EEG changes are associated with the time course of the psychopathological manifestations in the patients treated. PMID- 7315056 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of schizophrenic patients first hospitalization]. AB - The effectiveness of rehabilitation of all the schizophrenic patients hospitalized for the first time to the Tomsk Psychiatric Hospital in 1948 to 1951 (the period of shock therapy), 1959 to 1961 (the period of one-way psychopharmacotherapy) and in 1969 to 1971 (the period of realization of comprehensive rehabilitation programs) was evaluated. High-quality remissions (A and B) comprised 36.7% in the first, 47.9% of the second, and 75.5% in the third period. The percentage of cases where the therapy was ineffective was almost five times less in the third period, as compared with the first one. The characteristics of the patients' working capacity improved from the first to the third period, this improvement being statistically significant. The clinical characteristics of the rehabilitation efficacy in patients with "nuclear" schizophrenia hospitalized for the first time did not practically change in all the three periods. The level of the social and working adaptation of the patients with the "nuclear" schizophrenia estimated in accordance with the quantitative scale was significantly higher in the third period owing to the realization of the comprehensive rehabilitation programs. PMID- 7315057 TI - [Treatment of depressive conditions with S-methylmethionine (vitamin U)]. AB - Results of treating depressive states (manic-depressive psychosis, involutional and vascular depressions) with S-methylmethionine (vitamin "U") are presented. The vitamin was found to produce a marked antidepressant effect in depressive states of various nosology irrespectively of the duration of the depression phase or preceding treatment. The authors suggest that studies of the effect of the vitamin and its clinical use as an antidepressant should be continued. PMID- 7315058 TI - [Treatment of chronic alcoholism with droplets of alcohol accompanied by rational psychotherapy involving suggestion while alert]. AB - For mitigating the toxic effects of alcohol on the brain cortex and promoting the formation of aversion to alcohol in chronic alcoholics in the course of the reflex therapy the alcohol was given in drops making 1/20 of a gulp. This method is technically simple, causes no complications, and enables one to attain deeper and more stable remissions. Of 400 patients observed remissions of under 3 months were obtained in 12%; of 3 to 6 months, in 9%; of 6 to 9 months, in 10%; of 9 to 12 months, in 7%; and of over a year in 62% of the patients. PMID- 7315059 TI - [Comparative study of the prevalence and types of neuropsychiatric disorders in late middle-aged persons in urban and rural homes for the aged]. AB - The authors studied psychic disorders in urban and rural people over 60 years of age living in old people's houses. The differences in the character of the neuropsychic disorders consisted in a prevalence of epilepsy, mental retardation, and organic disorders of various origin in old country people, and of neurotic disturbances in urban people. Equally prevalent among the inhabitants of urban and rural old people's houses were schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, involutional and somatogenic psychoses, alcoholism, as well as senile and atherosclerotic dementia. PMID- 7315060 TI - [Clinical criteria for the social dangerousness of schizophrenics (syndromes with a predominance of delusional and hallucinatory disorders)]. AB - Data obtained from epidemiological studies carried out in some large administrative regions have shown that among the causes of socially dangerous actions committed by schizophrenics the syndromes with prevalent delusional and hallucinatory-delusional disorders take the second (after psychopathy-like states), and, as regards acts of violence, the first place. Practically all the phenomena of a delusional or a hallucinatory-delusional syndrome may be the motives of the socially dangerous actions. However, the occurrence and character of those actions are different, these differences being associated with particular psychopathological features of the hallucinatory-delusional syndromes. The knowledge of those peculiarities may contribute to early recognition of such patients and to taking adequate curative and rehabilitation measures aimed at preventing the dangerous actions. PMID- 7315061 TI - [Debatable points concerning the terminology of hyperkineses complicating epilepsy]. PMID- 7315062 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of mild craniocerebral injuries during alcoholic intoxication]. AB - The authors analysed 273 cases with brain contusion suffered in a state of acute alcohol intoxication. It was found that alcohol intoxication alters its clinical picture considerably. The dependence of the neurological symptoms on the degree and phase of alcohol intoxication is shown. Statistical processing of the information obtained allowed the most informative neurological symptoms of brain injury to be revealed. The significance of additional examination methods for the diagnosis is discussed. A dependence of the rheographic indices in brain injury on the phase of concomitant alcohol intoxication is demonstrated. PMID- 7315063 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in various complications of craniocerebral injury in the acute period]. AB - As the result of examination of 92 patients with acute craniocerebral trauma it was established that the use of HBO in the complex of therapeutic measures is permissible after removal of an intracranial hematoma despite occasional convulsive paroxysms, if there is no history of epilepsy. Exposure to HBO does not intensify or cause a recurrence of bleeding in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and after operation for intracranial hematomas and brain contusion. Exposure to HBO does not cause an effect on the intensity of liquorrhea in the patients and does not lead to pneumocephalus or infection of the subarachnoid space. PMID- 7315064 TI - [Errors in treatment and its organization in craniocerebral injuries]. AB - The authors studied 428 case records of patients who had been treated at 9 multiprofile hospitals and died from a severe craniocerebral trauma. The defects revealed in aid given before hospitalization and in the hospital allowed the main principles of the organization to aid and treatment to be formulated: hospitalization of patients with severe craniocerebral trauma in specialized in patient clinics; the conduct of a complex of neurosurgical examinations simultaneously and in parallel with resuscitation measures; early surgical intervention (within the first 3-6-8 hours after infliction of the trauma) which must be radical, i. e. including extensive trephination of the skull (osteoplastic or resection), total removal of intracranial hematomas and foci of contusion-crushing of the brain, active aspiration dosaged drainage of the postoperative wound and, whenever indicated, tentoriotomy (in specialized departments). PMID- 7315065 TI - [Surgical treatment of arteriovenous aneurysms of the dura mater]. PMID- 7315066 TI - [Tortuous arterioles of the dura mater of the human spinal cord]. PMID- 7315067 TI - [Clinical picture of craniopharyngioma in middle-age persons]. AB - The clinical picture of craniopharyngioma was studied in 41 patients over 45 years of age. Disorders of visual functions were often the first and only manifestation of the disease. Dissociation between the condition of these functions and changes in the fundus oculi, asymmetric visual disorders in the right and left eyes and high incidence of central scotoma are the peculiarities of the ophthalmological complex of symptoms in craniopharyngioma. PMID- 7315068 TI - [Response of cerebral bioelectrical activity to changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure of neurooncologic patients]. AB - The reaction of cerebral electric activity to induced changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure during examination of P-V dependence of the craniospinal cavity was appraised in 8 neuro-oncological patients in the postoperative period by means of spectral EEG analysis. Among 41 tests with artificial changes in CSF pressure decrease in CSF pressure was attended in 60 per cent of cases by an increase in the EEG p]ower by 6.4% on the average, while an increase in CSF pressure caused a decrease in EEG power by 8.6% on the average. In 40% of cases, however, a decrease in CSF pressure was attended not by an increase, but by a reduction of EEG power by 3.5% on the average; an increase in CSF pressure induced a rise in EEG power (by 3.7% on the average). The degree of the reactive changes in EEG power in response to induced CSF pressure fluctuations increased with deterioration of the patient's condition. Thus, rapid compression and decompression of the CSF system induces short-term (7 minutes at most) changes in EEG power. These changes are ambiguous both in direction and in degree of conspicuity. PMID- 7315069 TI - [Diagnosis of spondylogenic and neoplastic compression-ischemic radiculomyelopathies located in the thoraco-lumbo-sacral area]. PMID- 7315070 TI - [Case of multiple cerebral astrocytomas]. PMID- 7315071 TI - [Instrument for cutting off bones]. PMID- 7315072 TI - [Tentoriotomy in patients with severe craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7315073 TI - [Thermovision in the diagnosis of epidural spinal abscesses]. AB - The authors had 7 patients from 45 to 68 years of age with a clinical picture of acute purulent epiduritis of various localization. Thermography by means of the Soviet "Rubin" thermovision set was conducted in 3 of these patients and provided valuable information for the diagnosis of purulent spinal epiduritis in which a large focus of luminescence appeared on the patient's back. PMID- 7315074 TI - [Colloid osmotic pressure of the blood of patients with neurosurgical pathology]. AB - Colloid-osmotic blood pressure (COP) was measured for the first time in 56 neurosurgical patients by means of an oncometer made by the "Knauer" Firm. The examination was conducted in dynamics: prior to operation, on the 1st, 5th and 10th postoperative days. The control group was formed of 25 donors. The study showed that before the operation the COP in neurosurgical patients depends on the character of the disease. In neuro-oncological patients and in patients with diseases of the cerebral vessels of COP was increased prior to the operation. It decreased immediately after the operation, remained low on the 5th postoperative day and gradually returned to normal level on the 10th day of treatment. In the decompensation phase, the COP remained drastically low till the patient's death. The reduction of COP was mainly caused by a fall in the total protein concentration. No correlation was found between COP and osmolality, its components, the value of pH, hematocrit and albumin concentration. The value of COP is a highly informative test for appraising protein and water metabolism. It provides for the purposeful application of substitution therapy and parenteral and enteral feeding in neurosurgical patients. PMID- 7315075 TI - [Effect of neuroautonomic block and sodium hydroxybutyrate on brain metabolism during the early stages of severe experimental craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 7315076 TI - [Method of highly sensitive electrothermometry for intraoperative diagnosis of supratentorial brain tumors]. AB - The authors suggest a method of highly sensitive electrothermometry tested on 56 patients with extra- and intracerebral tumours of the brain matter of supratentorial localization. This method makes it possible to determine the localization, boundaries, dimensions and character of the tumour during the operation, which is essential for its subsequent removal with the least possible injury to surrounding tissues. PMID- 7315077 TI - [Changes in blood-filling and cerebrovascular tonus in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage and their correction by means of intravenous infusions of glycerin]. AB - According to the results of rheoencephalography, intracerebral hemorrhage in wakeful cats is attended by an increase in the tone of the cerebral vessels, particularly those of moderate and small caliber, which occurs immediately after blood is introduced into the brain and persists till the end of the follow-up period (48 hours). Intravenous glycerine infusion given one hour and 1-2 days after the hemorrhage causes normalization of the vascular tone. The causes of disparity between the rheoencephalogram indices characterising the tone of the cerebral vessels and their blood filling are discussed. PMID- 7315078 TI - [Use of amnion to repair a dural defect]. AB - Amnion stored in a LIPK-s solution is recommended for airtight closure of a defect in the dura mater in infants and young children. It may also be used in adults. Animal experiments showed that the edges of the graft placed with the inner (fetal) surface on the brain grow tightly into the dura mater along the margins of the defect with no inflammatory changes or any coarse cicatrization even in injury to the cortex. Plastic surgery of the dura mater with the amnion was carried out in the clinic in 16 children from 4 months to 7 years of age with severe and moderately severe craniocerebral trauma. No complications developed after the operation. The follow-up period is more than 5 years. PMID- 7315080 TI - [Diagnosis of the cauda equina compression syndrome in combined tumor and herniated disk]. PMID- 7315079 TI - [Ischemic disorders complicating spinal cord tumors]. AB - Ischemic spinal apoplexy was diagnosed in 20 of 221 patients (9%) with extramedullary tumors of the spinal cord. The clinical picture in most cases was characterised by rapid development of motor and sensory disorders. Patients with tumours of meningovascular origin localized on the anterior and anterolateral surfaces of the spinal cord prevailed. Ischemic apoplexy was encountered most frequently when the tumours of the spinal cord were localized in the "critical zone" in D3-5 respectively. PMID- 7315082 TI - [Ganglioneuroblastoma of the brain with spinal fluid metastases]. PMID- 7315081 TI - [Profuse nosebleeds as a result of pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 7315083 TI - [Thermovision diagnosis of traumatic compression of the brain]. AB - The author used the Soviet-made fast-operating TV-03 thermovision set to prove in principle the possibility of mediated thermovision of intracranial processes through intact coverings of the head. On the basis of the examination of 71 patients with craniocerebral trauma the thermovision characteristics of brain compression are described for the first time. The author distinguish thermovision signs of acute, subacute and chronic intracranial hematoma, brain contusion of convexital, parabasal and basal localization, which contribute to their topical and differential diagnosis. PMID- 7315084 TI - Role of membrane lipids and proteins in discocyte-echinocyte and -stomatocyte transformation of erythrocytes. AB - An approach toward elucidation of mechanism of shape changes in vitro of human erythrocytes was made by observing effects of artificial manipulations of outer leaflet of the membrane lipid bilayer or of the membrane proteins on the cell shape. Addition of exogenous amphiphilic lipids into the outer leaflet or splitting by exogenous phospholipase A2 of native phospholipids in it equally produced echinocytes, whereas removal of polar head groups of native phospholipids in the same leaflet produced stomatocytes and invaginated cells. By changing the pH of the suspending medium, the shape of erythrocytes treated with certain of these agents was further altered, suggesting participation of electric charges of the phospholipid polar head groups in this phenomenon. Some indirect evidences were obtained on possible participation of spectrin in these shape changes; manipulation of membrane proteins by certain SH reagents made spectrin less extractable by hypotonic saline and cells less susceptible to invaginating action of phospholipase C and of a cationic amphipathic drug, chlorpromazine. PMID- 7315085 TI - Thermal denaturation of peripheral red cell membrane proteins in relation to heat induced cell alterations. PMID- 7315086 TI - The binding of fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products to the erythrocyte membrane and its relationship to haemorheology. AB - A study has been made of the binding of fibrinogen to erythrocyte membranes. The amount of fibrinogen bound is found to be proportional to the concentration in the suspending phase (up to 10 g/l) and to be unaffected by other plasma proteins or calcium ions (up to normal concentrations). The binding is also unaffected by temperature (between 4 and 37 degrees C). However it is sensitive to both pH and ionic strength variation. A similar study of the major fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) produced by plasmin shows that these all bind to red cell membranes but by different amounts. A model based on these data is suggested for the positions of the binding regions on the fibrinogen and FDP molecules and is used to explain their influence on rouleaux formation and on the flexibility of the erythrocyte. PMID- 7315087 TI - Deformability of erythrocytes incubated at various pH-values. AB - The deformability of human erythrocytes was studied at pH values ranging from 6.4 to 8.5 using micropipette aspiration of whole cells. Also the mean cell volume was measured in dependence on pH. The observed high increase of the transit pressure pt with lowering of the pH in a fairly narrow interval suggests that within the range of pH values under consideration pi is mainly controlled by the effect of the critical volume of the cells. PMID- 7315088 TI - A cell-age specific antigen on senescent human red blood cells. AB - A sialoglycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 210000 appears to serve as a cell-age specific antigen on senescent human red blood cells (RBC). The protein is present both in young and old RBC membranes. The bulk of it copurifies with cytoskeletons. Exposure of this protein as a cell-age specific antigen appears to be due to detachment of a small fraction of this protein from cytoskeletons. The detached fraction is Triton extractable and is predominantly found in Triton extracts from senescent RBC. PMID- 7315089 TI - Reversible and irreversible structural modifications of erythrocyte membrane. AB - Membrane glycoprotein structure regulates the fate in the circulation of mammalian erythrocytes: the mechanism of this phenomenon was observed in rabbit and human red cells by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Glycoprotein remodeling can occur as a reversible desialylation process, produced by different events, or as an irreversible process consisting in a loss of sialoglycopeptides. The effect of these two phenomena on the viability of the red cell in the circulation was the subject of our investigation. PMID- 7315090 TI - Sialidase treatment of rat-erythrocytes: a model for cellular aging? AB - An in vitro assay system was developed to test the propensity of "old" and sialidase-treated rat erythrocytes to be bound and phagocytosed by rat peritoneal macrophages. Cells considered to be old were phagocytosed to a greater degree than those considered to be young. When erythrocytes were treated with immobilized Vibrio cholerae sialidase, higher amounts of sialic acids had to be removed (25--30%) to induce binding and phagocytosis of the cells, than if the cells had been treated with soluble enzyme (9--15%). PMID- 7315091 TI - Defined rearrangement of the membrane of banked erythrocytes. AB - Segregation of integrated proteins, detachment of actin and spectrin from cytoplasmic aspect as well as decomposition of phospholipids may cause the release of vesicles from spicula of banked erythrocytes. The findings provide evidence for a mechanism of plasmalemmal rearrangement, because a clear distinction between the protein composition of the vesicle membrane and of the erythrocyte plasmalemma could be shown. The vesiculation mechanism is discussed. PMID- 7315092 TI - Alkali ion transport of primycin modified erythrocytes. AB - The effects of the antibiotic primycin on alkali cation transport of human erythrocytes were investigated. Primycin selectively increases the permeability of erythrocytes to alkali-cations according to the sequence: Cs+ greater than Rb+ approximately K+ greater than Na+. The time course of the cation effluxes depends on the antibiotic concentration and can be altered by negatively charged SDS. Some evidence is given for the mechanism of primycin-membrane interaction. PMID- 7315093 TI - On the molecular sieving property of the human erythrocyte membrane. Localization of some proteins within the cell. AB - The membrane of swollen erythrocytes was found to be more resistant to hypotonicity at 37 degrees C than at 0 degrees C either in the presence or absence of added glucose and even more resistant if ATP formation was stimulated by preincubation of the sedimented cells with adenosine. The membrane, irrespective of temperature and metabolism behaves as a molecular sieve for proteins, i.e. the smaller the molecular radius of a protein, the higher is the amount released by molecular sieving. This phenomenon allows one to discriminate between uniform distribution of proteins within the cell and complex formation of enzymes. Some glycolytic enzymes catalyzing reactions between triosephosphate and lactate production were found to be clustered near the surface of the cell but not bound to the membrane. The data indicate that some of these enzymes may form complexes under in vivo conditions. PMID- 7315094 TI - Membrane phosphorylation in intact human erythrocytes. AB - The time course of 32P incorporation into ATP and monoesterified membrane phosphatases was studied within 1 h of incubation of intact human erythrocytes. Analysis of membrane proteins and phospholipids showed dynamically exchanged phosphates mainly in the phospholipid fraction. The extent of ATP turnover by spectrin band 2 polypeptide phosphorylation was very small. The 32P-ATP and the membrane 32P-phosphate label could be chased via the metabolism by the addition of extracellular Pi. From the relative changes in the specific radioactivity of ATP and of the membrane phosphate in intact erythrocytes we assume that about 60% of the erythrocyte ATP production are linked to the ATP consumption by the rapid polyphosphoinositide turnover. It is conceivable that there is a connection between the protein factors modifying the affinity of (Ca2+, Mg2+)-ATPase and the metabolism of the polyphosphoinositides in the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 7315095 TI - Control of globin gene expression in mouse yolk sac erythroid cells. AB - In the present paper are reported results from our laboratory and data of the literature on the structure and the expression of embryonic globin genes in mouse fetuses. The following aspects are presented: 1. Erythropoiesis and synthesis of globin chains in fetal mice. 2. The transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of embryonic globin gene expression. 3. The chromosomal location and organization of mouse embryonic globin genes. PMID- 7315096 TI - Expression of erythroid differentiation and terminal cell division in induced Friend leukemia cells. AB - Hexamethylenebisacetamide and hemin are both inducers of Friend leukemia cells to express globin genes. In Friend leukemia cells treated with hexamethylenebisacetamide the accumulation and translation of globin mRNA and the accumulation of hemoglobin are associated with terminal cell division. As hemin does not induce the expression of the set of genes responsible for terminal cell division, the relationship between cell cycle and globin gene expression was investigated during the late differentiation of Friend leukemia cells treated with hemin. Our results demonstrate that terminal cell division is not necessarily performed in cells which accumulate both globin mRNA and hemoglobin, suggesting that these features are not necessarily coupled in leukemia erythroid differentiation. PMID- 7315097 TI - The role of heme in the regulation of iron uptake during Friend cell differentiation. AB - The inhibitory effect of hemin on iron uptake and heme synthesis was investigated in Friend erythroleukemia cells. In cells of line 707 the inhibition of iron uptake became more pronounced after the induction of erythroid differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide. No such rise in sensitivity to hemin was found in cells of line Fw, which are deficient in ferrochelatase activity and do not synthesize hemoglobin after induction of differentiation by sodium butyrate. The possibility that hemin influences mainly the uptake of iron used directly for heme synthesis, and to a lesser extent intracellular storage of iron is discussed. PMID- 7315098 TI - Protein induction process may possibly explain kinetics of commitment of murine erythroleukemia cells to differentiation. PMID- 7315099 TI - Translational discrimination between embryonic and adult mouse globin mRNAs in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. AB - In the present study mouse adult (alpha, beta) and embryonic globin (x, y, z) mRNas are compared for their capacity of being translated in a micrococcus nuclease treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The results of these experiments indicate that: 1) alpha and beta adult RNAs are translated with a higher efficiency as compared to the alpha-like and beta-like embryonic mRNAs; 2) adult beta and embryonic beta-like messengers are translated more efficiently than their corresponding adult alpha and embryonic alpha-like messengers; 3) the alpha/beta synthetic ratio, both for adult and embryonic globins is highly dependent upon the concentration of globin mRNAs. For embryonic globins the ratio decreases from 0.21 at low mRNA concentration to 0.11 at high mRNA concentration. For adult globin mRNAs the alpha/beta chain synthetic ratio decreases from 1.4 to 0.9 within the same range of concentration. PMID- 7315100 TI - The role of enzyme variants, polymorphisms and enzyme hybrids in enzyme deficiency conditions. AB - Based on the heterogeneity observed in two red cell enzymes, i.e. glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.49) and catalase (E.C.1.11.1.6), the role of different types of enzyme variants in enzyme deficiency conditions is discussed. For theoretical and practical reasons variants of unusually low specific activity and of low stability have to be distinguished. Whereas in the former type the activity level in blood more or less reflects the situation in other tissues, this is not the case for unstable mutants, e.g. the enzyme variant found in Swiss type acatalasemia. In heterozygous carriers the situation can be complicated by the fact that variants of oligomer enzymes (e.g. catalase) are present as molecular hybrids exerting almost normal stability and activity. PMID- 7315101 TI - Identification of mutants of pyruvate kinase from red blood cells by means of trypsinization, electrophoresis, kinetic properties and immunological methods. AB - Enzymopathies of pyruvate kinase (PK) are characterized by polymorphism. 11 different mutants of PK were detected in 12 analysed cases. The frequency of double heterozygotes of the PK deficiency is very high. The mutant forms have been identified by electrophoretic, kinetic and immunologic methods in red blood cells of patients and members of their families. The effect of trypsin has greatly increased the sensitivity of the differentiation procedures. Differences in activity and quality of the proteolytic systems in liver and kidney in comparison to red blood cells are responsible for inactivation and degradation of PK mutants in both organs. Homozygotes and double heterozygotes show clinic manifestations. The rigidity of red blood cells increases with the severity of the nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 7315102 TI - Abnormal phosphoenolpyruvate transport in erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis. AB - The transport rates of phosphoenolpyruvate in erythrocytes from healthy individuals and from patients with hereditary spherocytosis were examined by incubating the cells with 10 mM phosphoenolpyruvate at 37 degrees C in the citrate buffer (0.10 M Na-citrate, 10 mM NaF, 5 mM glucose; pH 6.1 at 37 degrees C). The transport rate of phosphoenolpyruvate in erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis was 0.09 +/- 0.02 mumol/ml cells/min (mean +/- S. D., n = 7), whereas that in normal cells was 0.23 +/- 0.03 mumol/ml cells/min (mean +/- S. D., n = 7). The decreased rate of the transport seemed to be specific to the erythrocytes from patients with hereditary spherocytosis, since the rates in erythrocytes from patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, iron deficiency anemia and aplastic anemia were almost within normal range. Therefore, the decreased transport rate of phosphoenolpyruvate in erythrocytes of hereditary spherocytosis may be a reflection of some specific abnormality in the erythrocyte membrane. Moreover, the measurement of the transport rate of phosphoenolpyruvate may be used as a new diagnostic method for hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 7315103 TI - New stable mutant (Gd(-) variants: G6PD Tashkent and G6PD Nucus. Molecular basis of hereditary enzyme deficiency. AB - This paper represents studies on the molecular basis of G6PD deficiency in erythrocytes of 4 hemizygote patients. In all cases G6PD deficiency was due to an abnormal kinetic and (or) physico-chemical characteristics of the mutant enzymes. Two of 4 variants were characterized as G6PD EL Fayoum like (unstable, class 2). The other two are new variants: G6PD Tashkent (low Ki by NADPH, class 3) and G6PD Nukus (Km for G6P 127 microM, class 2). For the new mutant Gd(-) stable variants the amount of G6PD in total red cell population found immunologically was similar to the normal level. Stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) of G6PD Nucus erythrocytes insignificantly increased the rate of glucose consumption while in the case of G6PD Tashkent methylene blue raised the rate of PPP to half of the maximal rate of stimulated normal red cells. PMID- 7315106 TI - Two-state analysis for allosteric properties of abnormal hemoglobins. AB - To shed light upon the understanding of structure and function relationship of hemoglobin, we determined the oxygen equilibrium curves of a series of alpha 1 beta 2 contact anomalous hemoglobins, low and high spin derivatives of valency hybrid hemoglobins and normal hemoglobin under various conditions comparable with each other using an automatic recording apparatus. The Hill plots of their curves were analyzed by a trial and error method without any assumptions using computer graphic display. The results deduced from these analyses are as follows. Anomaly in alpha 1 beta 2 contact region, weakening or rupture of the Bohr effect and Cl- dependent salt-bridges, small displacement of heme iron from porphyrin plane result in not only shifting the R--T equilibrium towards R but also raising the oxygen affinity of the T state to various extents. IHP binding can oppose these effects. A relation that the change in L strongly depends upon the change in c was newly discovered. These results suggest that the T state of individual Hb takes a single structure of many heterogeneous T quaternary structures depending on its function. PMID- 7315104 TI - Membrane lipid components of normal and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes of asymptomatic and favic subjects. PMID- 7315105 TI - Erythrocyte membrane fluidity, lipid peroxidation and lysis in alcoholic liver disease. AB - The still unexplained occurrence of hemolytic anemia in cases of alcoholic liver disease prompted us to study the toxic effect of ethanol on the membrane and metabolic properties of erythrocytes (RBC) in chronic alcoholics (n = 7). Raised susceptibility of RBC to hydrogen peroxide with significantly increased fluidity of membrane lipids were obtained signaling an oxidative metabolic stress. A twofold reduction of ATP and GSH initiated an oxidation of cellular sulfhydryl groups thus impairing enzyme kinetics of pyruvate kinase (PK). Yet heat stability of PK was markedly reduced only in those fractions containing older RBC. Further results indicate that ethanol-induced acquired PK instability may be triggered by a dialyzable and hence non-protein-bound compound, not detectable by experimental procedures owing to its low molecular weight. Thus it is conceivable that the hemolytic implication of ethanol in alcoholic liver disease may be due to abnormal membrane fluidity and metabolic disorder finally involving PK-control mechanism. PMID- 7315108 TI - A simple procedure for the enrichment of reticulocytes by isodense differential centrifugation on silicone oil mixtures. AB - Utilizing age-dependent differences in the density of red cells, a mixture of silicone oils with density of 1.0806 g/ml was used for the enrichment of rabbit reticulocytes. During concentration, heavy cells, mainly consisting of erythrocytes, move into the silicone oil, whereas the reticulocytes remain above the oil. Suspensions of apparently intact cells with reticulocyte counts of 87 +/ 7.8% and a recovery rate of about 37% were reproducibly obtained. Neither inhibition of cell respiration nor depletion of adenine nucleotides were observed after this enrichment procedure. A micro-modification in hematocrit capillaries seems to be applicable to obtain rapid information about reticulocyte contents in blood samples without staining and counting of cells. PMID- 7315107 TI - Studies on the regulation of mitochondrial ATP formation in rabbit reticulocytes. AB - Respiration and phosphorylation in functionally intact isolated reticulocyte mitochondria are controlled by the extramitochondrial ATP/ADP ratio. Mitochondrially bound hexokinase exhibits an apparent preference against mitochondrially formed ATP, as indicated by the lower apparent Km values under phosphorylating conditions. Thereby the control characteristics are shifted to higher ATP/ADP ratios compared to hexokinase free mitochondria. Respiration of intact reticulocytes was estimated to be smaller than had to be expected from the ATP/ADP ratios of total cells roughly corresponding to the cytosolic values. Inhibition of respiration leads to small drop of total adenine nucleotides and lowers the phosphorylation potential directly determined or calculated from metabolite indicators. Compartmentation of ADP by protein binding is discussed as a possible reason for the difference of determined and calculated phosphorylation potentials and the apparent discrepancy between the regulation of mitochondrial ATP-formation in isolated mitochondria and intact reticulocytes. PMID- 7315110 TI - Molecular changes which contribute to canine postnatal anemia. PMID- 7315109 TI - Determination and characteristics of energy-dependent proteolysis in rabbit reticulocytes. AB - In reticulocytes exists an extensive and time-limited ATP-dependent proteolysis which has been measured by a new method. This enzyme system attacks exclusively the mitochondria during the maturation of reticulocytes. The proteolysis is inhibited by anaerobiosis and salicylhydroxamic acid which indicates that it is preceded by the attack of lipoxygenase. There is some evidence for the universality of the ATP-dependent proteolysis, since liver mitochondria are also subject to it. PMID- 7315111 TI - Creatine in red cells: transport and erythropoietic dynamics. PMID- 7315112 TI - Regulation of red cell DPG metabolism in fetuses and adults. AB - We have compared red cell levels of 2,3-DPG in relation to the activities of certain glycolytic enzymes (DPGM, PK, PFK) between fetuses and adults in various rodents in order to find out the possible causes of the low intraerythrocytic concentration of 2,3-DPG in the fetal period. It was concluded that, in all species studied, 2,3-DPG synthesis was limited by a high activity of PK in fetal red cells. In addition, in species of the suborder Myomorpha, the activity of DPGM was lower in fetal red cells than in adults. In particular, the 2,3-DPG deficient fetal rat red cells completely lacked DPGM activity. PMID- 7315113 TI - Criteria of maturity and age of red blood cells. AB - Any work on red blood cells requires information about the characteristics of a cell population. Using buoyant density separation of red blood cells (RBC) in a dextran medium during a bleeding anemia of rabbits cell-physiological, ribosomal, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic criteria were estimated in order to select parameters useful for the characterization of a given RBC population according to its developmental stages. Useful criteria for an unknown overall RBC population are reticulocyte count and aspartate amino transferase, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity or creatine concentration. Useful additional criteria for reticulocytes are the mean cellular volume and the RNA concentration. PMID- 7315114 TI - Purine metabolism of human erythrocytes during storage and physiological conditions. AB - Some results from storage experiments at +4 degrees C with adenine and purine nucleosides (cf. [1]) are compared with incubation experiments at 37 degrees C with guanosine at pH 7.0 and 7.4 and three different levels of inorganic phosphate (iP). At the lower pH and 20 mmol . l-1 iP the synthesis of GTP was extremely rapid; the intracellular concentration reached 0.5 mmol . l-1 within 25 min constituting 1/3 of the purine nucleoside triphosphate pool. Replacement of ATP by an ATP-GTP mixture has metabolic effects on several enzymic steps, e.g., phosphofructose kinase and phosphoglycerate kinase explaining the reported beneficial effect on human erythrocytes during preservation. In order to explore the role of erythrocytes in the physiological transport of purines and purine nucleosides in vitro experiments were designed in which the substances were continuously added to the appropriate concentrations by means of a dialysis tubing. Prior to incubation the erythrocytes were stored with NaF in order to reduce the total adenylate concentration. The rate of synthesis of adenylates was about 0.05 mmol . h-1 (calculated per litre of erythrocytes) both when adenosine and adenine were supplied as source for the adenine moiety of the adenylates. Analyses of purines, nucleosides, glucose, lactate and iP in the efferent dialysis solution and the extra- and intracellular volumes reveal the metabolic processes in the erythrocytes if the transport across the dialysis tubing is accounted for. The low capacity of the erythrocyte adenylate synthesis indicates that only a minor part of the adenine compounds physiologically exported by the liver could be delivered as intraerythrocytic adenylates. PMID- 7315115 TI - Hypoxanthine nucleotides synthesis in fresh and stored human erythrocytes. AB - Human erythrocytes incubated in inosine-pyruvate-phosphate (IPP) medium are able to accumulate great amounts of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and inosine triphosphate (ITP). Accumulation of ITP is low in freshly drawn cells. It increases during blood storage in acid-citrate-dextrose solution. Addition of labelled inosine or hypoxanthine to the IPP medium allowed to show the synthesis of small amounts of inosine diphosphate and the appearance of radioactivity in the ATP fraction. Conditions of incubation and the pathways of hypoxanthine nucleotides synthesis are discussed. PMID- 7315116 TI - Rejuvenation of aged erythrocytes by incorporating phosphoenolpyruvate into the cells. AB - An acid-citrate dextrose solution which contains phosphoenolpyruvate and sucrose was used as a preservative and medium for rejuvenating depleted erythrocytes. 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate and ATP in washed erythrocytes, red cell concentrate or whole blood were increased effectively by incubating the cells with the solution at 37 degrees C for 30--60 min. The transport of phosphoenolpyruvate through the erythrocyte membrane was essential to the increase of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and ATP. During storage of the cells at 4 degrees C in the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate, no increase of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and ATP was observed because no transport of phosphoenolpyruvate into the cells occurred. By an incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min at the end of storage periods, however, levels of ATP and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the cells were raised. PMID- 7315117 TI - Energy and heat production of human erythrocytes in different media. AB - Variation in ATP consumption of human erythrocytes was achieved by incubation in different media. Addition of ouabain to a conventional isotonic medium or elimination of the ionic Na+-K+ gradient across the membrane decreases lactate production of the cells by about 40%. Applying a calcium-gradient of 1 mmol . l-1 across the membrane increased glycolysis by about 25%. The various introduced changes in the medium and thus in ATP-consumption cause similar alterations in heat production and lactate production. The experimental results give no suggestions explaining the origin of the part of the heat production that is unrelated to glycolysis. PMID- 7315118 TI - Blood preservation considering the possibilities, the patient and the purse. AB - An efficient motivation for the clinician to use blood components instead of whole blood is that the components have improved quality. Systems of integrally connected plastic bags makes the preparation easy and safe. This means that the blood can be collected in a solution which is not at the same time the storage medium. The anticoagulant may--but must not necessarily--be one of the conventional solutions, ACD or CPD. Adenine and possibly guanosine should preferably be added to a separate red cell suspension medium which can simply consist of sodium chloride, adenine and glucose. In order to avoid elevated hemolysis, sucrose or mannitol can be enclosed in the medium, if the protein concentration is low. Control of pH by a buffering system or an ion-exchange device is a necessity if the liquid storage shall be possible for more than 5--6 weeks. An interesting new possibility to improve the storage conditions is to introduce a chemical coupling of heparin onto the inner surface of the plastic bag. PMID- 7315119 TI - The two-step preservation of red blood cells. A contribution to improve their viability and therapeutic efficiency. AB - The maintenance of adenine nucleotides and guanine nucleotides in stored red blood cell can be achieved by adding adenine plus guanosine instead of adenine plus inosine. Inorganic phosphate improves this effect. The maintenance of glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate requires the addition of a redox equivalent together with a source for glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate like xylitol. Substrates added together with the resuspending solution maintain the viability of cells in the same but more economical way than by addition to the primary anticoagulant solution. Sucrose in a 20 mM final concentration reduces the hemolysis of resuspended red blood cell concentrates to less than 1% during 6 weeks of storage. PMID- 7315120 TI - Red cell preservation and removal system of purine derivatives. AB - The new preservative containing high concentrations of adenine (8 mM), inosine (40 mM) and other chemicals which was indicated by Nakao et al., was applied to the preservation of red cell concentrates. Moreover, the system for the removal of purine derivatives (adenine, inosine and hypoxanthine) added and produced in stored samples was developed, using bead activated charcoal coated with the blood compatible polymer (Hydron). Over 90% of purine derivatives in the medium and erythrocytes were removed by Hydron-coated bead activated charcoal (HAC) column. The recovery of erythrocytes by HAC column treatment was over 98%. PMID- 7315121 TI - Functional consequences of altered blood oxygen affinity. AB - The effect of an acute left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) was examined in several animal models. When combined with hemorrhagic shock, a left shift of the ODC produced diminished shock tolerance with evidence of increased sympathetic outflow and increased mortality. Perfusion of the isolated canine brain with low P50 blood produced major electroencephalographic abnormalities and a sharp decrease in cerebral oxygen consumption. Exchange transfusion of normal rats with low P50 blood resulted in a major increase in coronary and cerebral flow. The data suggest that an acute left shift of the ODC is capable of disturbing oxygen delivery significantly, particularly to the brain and probably to the heart. Normal animals appear to compensate for an acute increase in oxygen affinity by increasing blood flow to these organs. When oxygen affinity is increased in combination with a fixed rate of blood flow, hypoxia results. PMID- 7315122 TI - Glutathione S-transferases in human fetal liver. PMID- 7315123 TI - Ethyl nitrite. The in vivo synthesis of a mutagenic substance from tobacco smoke and ethanol. AB - Gas chromatography--mass spectrometry demonstrates the presence of ethyl nitrite in the breath of volunteers subjects who smoke and drink concurrently. The mutagenic compound is quantitated at the ppb level by gas chromatography with the selective electron capture detector. The compound is not detected in cases of only drinking or only smoking. PMID- 7315124 TI - [Cost and success of the treatment of terminal renal insufficiency in Belgium: from where do we come and where are we going?]. PMID- 7315125 TI - [The role of Clostridium difficile in diarrhea appearing after antibiotic treatment: a study of 87 cases]. PMID- 7315126 TI - The assessment of sodium load inflicted by intravenous antibiotics. PMID- 7315127 TI - The use of antibiotics in pulmonary infections. PMID- 7315128 TI - Suppression of prolactin macroadenoma in 8 weeks with bromocriptine. PMID- 7315129 TI - [Campylobacter enteritis: a new disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315130 TI - [The aseptic non calculous acute cholecystitis post-traumatic (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315131 TI - [Esophageal food impaction. Treatment by glucagon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315132 TI - [Biliary regurgitation and scintigraphy by 99mTc diethyl IDA (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315133 TI - [A case of cystic pneumatosis of the colon (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315134 TI - A family with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS). PMID- 7315135 TI - Platelet dysfunctions in myeloproliferative disorders: the different mechanisms of abnormal responses to collagen and arachidonic acid. PMID- 7315136 TI - Effects of changes in temperature and pH of plasma on the aggregation and electrophoretic mobility of rabbit platelets. PMID- 7315137 TI - Immunoreactivities of fibrin(ogen) related antigens and antibodies in radioimmunoassay and latex photometric immunoassay. PMID- 7315138 TI - Human urinary trypsin inhibitors purified by affinity chromatography on trypsin sepharose. PMID- 7315139 TI - A new method of red cell fragility test. PMID- 7315140 TI - Disintegration of chicken erythrocyte hemoglobin ingested by guinea pig macrophages in vivo. PMID- 7315141 TI - Effect of human thrombocytopenic serum on the cultured endothelial cell growth. PMID- 7315142 TI - Red cell production and destruction in chronic myelocytic leukemia with reference to the neutrophil kinetics. PMID- 7315143 TI - Red cell production and destruction in primary myelofibrosis with reference to the neutrophil and platelet kinetics. PMID- 7315144 TI - Stimulated hemopoiesis in normal bone marrow cell culture on the adherent layer produced by W/Wv bone marrow. PMID- 7315145 TI - Terminal transferase in various kinds of leukemia cells and its usefulness as a marker enzyme for vincristine and prednisolone treatment. PMID- 7315146 TI - Anomalous expression of histocompatibility antigens on human leukemia cells. PMID- 7315147 TI - Myeloma in siblings. PMID- 7315148 TI - [Effect of splenectomy on blood serum thrombopoietic activity (ATS) in patients with hematopoietic diseases]. AB - Thrombocytopoietic activity (ATS) was determined in tests on mice on the day before and on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days after splenectomy in 18 patients (13 with idiopathic thrombocytopenia, 5 with haemolytic anaemia). It was found that in patients with ITP and high-grade splenic destruction of platelets ATS increased on the first days after splenectomy. On the other hand, in ITP patients with low-grade splenic platelet destruction splenectomy decreased the value of ATS immediately after the operation. Splenectomy performed in cases with normal platelet count caused no greater changes in ATS in the first week. These observations suggest that in patients with increased splenic destruction of platelets ATS may be inhibited and this inhibition may be removed after splenectomy. Absent correlation between ATS and platelet count may indicate that the value of ATS is not of decisive importance in thrombocytopenia regression following splenectomy. PMID- 7315149 TI - [Cytotoxic activity of K cells in lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 7315150 TI - [The significance of the self motion of the heart for the echo-cardiographic evaluation of the left ventricle]. AB - The aim of the study was to analyse the motion of the heart with the two dimensional echocardiography. With this method a swinging motion to the chest wall and to the apex at endsystole and early diastole in the long axis view could be observed. Moreover, in the short axis view a swinging motion in lateral direction in systole and a clockwise rotation at the level of the papillary muscles could be demonstrated. There were also changes of the beam direction during the respiration. Thus, a three dimensional motion not reflected by one dimensional echocardiography was considered. A given point of the ventricle wall, therefore, was not the same in systole and diastole, in spite of a continuously recorded structure in the m-mode. For this reason two dimensional echocardiography seems to be superior to one dimensional method, especially when systolic and diastolic parameters are compared. The entire motion of the heart has to be considered in one dimensional assessment of left ventricular function. PMID- 7315151 TI - [Improvement of computerized biplane integration method for left ventricular volume determination by variation of long axis insertion (author's transl)]. AB - Biplane integration method for left ventricular volume determination is applicable to routine work since digital contour memories, calculation of the cross-section area and summation of all volume slices are computerized. The longest measured axis is recommended for volume calculation. A second calculation with interchanged axis and averaging of both results led to a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.997 (comparison of true volume and calculated volume). Comparison of stroke volume in patients with coronary heart disease determined by the Fick principle and the reported method showed a significantly better correlation for the biplane than for the monoplane method. PMID- 7315152 TI - [Follow-up of patients with pituitary tumors before and after operation, medical treatment and radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - From 1976 till 1981 56 patients with pituitary tumors were observed. From a total of 51 adenomas 17 prolactinomas (33.3%), 15 acromegalies (29.4%), 4 Cushing syndromes (7.8%), 1 TSH-producing adenoma (1.9%) and 14 hormone-inactive adenomas (27.4%) were found. In addition there were 4 craniopharyngeomas and 1 intrasellar meningeoma. For the individual types of adenomas prae-and postoperative hormonal data after transcranial resp. transsphenoidal adenomectomy are listed. Prolactinomas responded well to bromocriptine therapy in some cases, whereas acromegalies showed no remission after bromocriptine. After radiotherapy of 4 recidive-adenomas remission in one case was seen. Problems and objects of long term-care of patients with pituitary tumors are discussed. PMID- 7315153 TI - [Glucosuria of pregnancy: frequency of diabetes mellitus and renal glucosuria (author's transl)]. AB - From 1974 to 1979 352 pregnant women were referred to our diabetic outpatient clinic because of glycosuria during pregnancy. In 118 women (34%) oral glucose tolerance tests revealed a pathologic glucose tolerance. In 234 pregnant women (66%) a "renal glycosuria of pregnancy" was found to be the cause for the observed glycosuria. A pathologic glucose tolerance was relatively more frequent in the 3rd trimenon, whereas renal glycosuria was observed to be more frequent in the second trimenon. PMID- 7315155 TI - [Energy and food]. PMID- 7315154 TI - [Hemolytic anemia and liver failure -- a manifestation of Wilson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Wilson's disease is a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism causing severe damage to vital organs. Effective therapy with partial or complete remissions is possible when diagnosis is established early. The first manifestation usually occurs in childhood or early adult life with signs of liver failure and/or hemolytic anemia (stage II), as in the presented case, or with symptoms of extrapyramidal cerebral disease (stage IV). Wilson's disease should be ruled out in all patients below the age of 30 years presenting with liver disease, Coombs negative, non spherocytic hemolytic anemia or neuropsychiatric disorders of unknown etiology. PMID- 7315156 TI - [Current attitude toward spinal injury patients]. PMID- 7315157 TI - [Value of echotomography in the diagnosis of embryofetal malformations]. PMID- 7315158 TI - [Problems posed by the decision to perform therapeutic abortions in the current practice of the prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations]. PMID- 7315159 TI - [Fetoscopy]. PMID- 7315160 TI - [Estimation of the teratogenic risk associated with the taking of drugs at the beginning of pregnancy]. PMID- 7315163 TI - [New data on the prognosis of chronic lymphoid leukemia ; anatomo-clinical classification]. PMID- 7315161 TI - [Contradiction isn't unreasonableness]. PMID- 7315162 TI - [Constrictive fibrous endocarditis : surgical treatment]. PMID- 7315164 TI - [Bone marrow aplasias and their treatments]. PMID- 7315165 TI - [Genetics of essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 7315166 TI - [The large arterial trunks in the hypertensive patient]. PMID- 7315168 TI - [Blood pressure auto-measurement]. PMID- 7315167 TI - [Anticalcium agents : new antihypertensive agents?]. PMID- 7315169 TI - [Results of revascularization in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 7315170 TI - [Pathogenic factors in the pulmonary edema of chronic hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 7315171 TI - [Food--nutrition, health in the world. Introduction]. PMID- 7315172 TI - [Trial of world typology of models of dietary consumption]. PMID- 7315173 TI - [Changes in the diet in France and problems of public health]. PMID- 7315174 TI - [Limitations of resuscitation]. PMID- 7315175 TI - [Changes in the diet in Africa, the southern Sahara (Sahel countries). Its effects on health]. PMID- 7315176 TI - [Dietary situation in the fourth world]. PMID- 7315177 TI - Invasive analysis of non-invasive indicators of myocardial work and ischaemia during anaesthesia soon after myocardial infarction. AB - Atrial pacing was used for preoperative evaluation of six patients with recent anterior myocardial infarction (MI) (e.g. within 6 weeks) scheduled for abdominal emergency surgery. Central and coronary haemodynamics were used to compare changes in myocardial work and oxygenation with alternations of the non-invasive variables rate pressure product (RPP) (systolic blood pressure X heart rate), triple product (TP) (systolic blood pressure X heart rate X mean pulmonary arteriolar occlusion pressure) and ST-T segments (lead V5). There was good correlation between myocardial oxygen consumption and rate pressure product and triple product during pacing to stable angina pectoris. ST-T-segment depressions were recorded already at moderate chest discomfort and correlated well with a decrease in coronary vascular resistance. Changes in myocardial oxygen consumption induced by combined thoracic epidural analgesia (T3-4 to L1-2) and light general anaesthesia with nitrous oxide and fentanyl were poorly correlated with changes in rate pressure product or triple product. ST-T-segment depressions were recorded on five occasions in four of the patients, all in association with intubation and/or extubation. Only on one of these occasions could RPP or TP have indicated that myocardial oxygen demand exceeded supply. On the other four occasions, it was probable that myocardial ischaemia was induced by transient arterial hypoxaemia. The V5 ST-T-segment was the most sensitive non-invasive variable to monitor. The anaesthetic method was safe in all patients, as judged by good intraoperative cardiovascular stability, low morbidity and absence of intra- or postoperative reinfarction. PMID- 7315178 TI - Humidity and temperature changes during low flow and closed system anaesthesia. AB - Water humidity and temperature were measured in the proximal end of the inspiratory limb in anaesthetic circuits used to anaesthetize three groups of adult patietnts using various fresh gas flows (FGF). Humidity increased as FGF's were lowered, with 98% water humidification achieved when FGF's of less than 0.51/min were administered. Temperature at the same site changed about 1-2.5 degrees C in inverse proportion to the volume of FGF. This advantage of closed system and low flow anaesthesia is a further reason for their wide-spread utilization. PMID- 7315179 TI - Thermocamera studies of enflurane and halothane vapours. AB - The ability of enflurane and halothane to absorb infra-red (IR) energy was used to visualize their vapours; IR radiation was emitted by a heated screen and the absorption was studied with an IR camera. Even small concentrations of enflurane (0.2 vol %) and halothane (0.5 vol %) could be detected when released into the operating room atmosphere. Enflurane and nitrous oxide were dispersed in a similar way when they leaked from the face mask. Thus when anaesthetic pollution is monitored in the operating room, measurements of the concentration of nitrous oxide are sufficient for routine purposes. The IR method has added a new dimension to the study of occupational exposure to otherwise invisible gases. PMID- 7315180 TI - The influence of intramuscularly administered pethidine on the amnesic effects of intravenous diazepam during intravenous regional anaesthesia. AB - Patients undergoing surgery under regional anaesthesia often receive narcotic analgesics for premedication which may modify the sedative and amnesic effects of intravenously administered diazepam. Sixty-two patients scheduled for upper extremity surgery under intravenous regional anaesthesia received 0.15 mg/kg of diazepam intravenously to supplement the local anaesthesia. Thirty-two of the patients received 0.01 mg/kg of atropine plus 1 mg/kg of pethidine and 30 patients only atropine intramuscularly approximately 1 h before injection of diazepam. Another 30 patients received the same atropine-pethidine premedication and saline intravenously, and served as a reference group. Atropine-pethidine premedication followed by saline did not produce any amnesic effects. Sixty-nine and 38% of patients receiving atropine-pethidine premedication followed by diazepam did not remember a picture shown to them 15 min after diazepam injection or the performance of operation, respectively, the respective figures for patients given atropine premedication followed by diazepam being only 23% and 0% (P less than 0.01 - 0.001 between groups). The anti-recall of painful stimulus (exanguination) was significantly (P less than 0.01) more common when diazepam was given after pethidine premedication (31%) when compared to its injection after atropine alone (7%). The drowsiness produced by the drugs was greatest and the overall patient acceptability of the technique used most satisfactory when pethidine was used for premedication and diazepam for sedation. It is concluded that intramuscularly administered pethidine potentiates the amnesic action of intravenous diazepam for painful stimuli, prolongs the amnesic action of diazepam for visual stimuli and improves the patients' acceptability of intravenous regional anesthesia supplemented by intravenous diazepam. PMID- 7315181 TI - Dopamine infusion in man. Plasma catecholamine levels and pharmacokinetics. AB - Dopamine is widely used in the treatment of hypotensive conditions and/or impending renal failure, but the plasma levels of dopamine and other catecholamines in association with dopamine infusion are not known. Plasma catecholamines and dopamine pharmacokinetics during and after dopamine infusion were therefore studied in man. Two and 5 micrograms x kg-1 x min-1 of dopamine were infused for 30 min in two groups of five patients. Dose-dependent mean steady state levels with fairly large interindividual variations were reached within 5 min. Elimination of dopamine from plasma after termination of infusion had a biphasic course with t 1/2 alpha around 1 min and t 1/2 beta about 9 min in both groups. Noradrenaline plasma levels and blood pressure increased significantly in the 5 micrograms group. It is suggested that the vasoconstriction with deleterious effects on tissue perfusion, seen in conjunction with high-dose dopamine infusion, may be due to increased noradrenaline levels. PMID- 7315182 TI - Hemodynamic consequences of defence area stimulation and afferent somatic nerve stimulation during fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia. Modifying effects of droperidol. AB - Stimulation of the hypothalamic defence area and activation of somatic afferents in combination with carotid baroreceptor unloading was performed in cats anesthetized with fentanyl-nitrous oxide in order to investigate the circulatory consequences in terms of regional blood flow changes. These stimulation procedures, suggested to mimic activation of central neurogenic cardiovascular control mechanisms caused by anesthesia and surgical stress, were found to induce pronounced reductions in intestinal and renal blood flow as well as in diuresis. However, administration of droperidol markedly diminished the renal vasoconstriction as well as the reduction in diuresis in the dose range 0.025- 0.10 mg/kg b.w. Doses of 0.15--0.25 mg/kg b.w. virtually abolished any stimulation-induced increase in renal vascular resistance, whether elicited through activation of the defence area or somatic afferents. This dose also partly blocked the neurogenic increment of intestinal vascular resistance. PMID- 7315183 TI - Pentobarbital-anesthetized and decerebrate cats reveal different neurological responses in anesthetic-induced analgesia. AB - Cats were used to assess the significance of differences in animal preparations in the study of anesthetic-induced analgesia. Comparison was made between pentobarbital-anesthetized and decerebrate non-anesthetized cats. Bradykinin dissolved in normal saline was injected into the femoral artery as a noxious stimulus, and the neural response in the spinal cord lateral funiculus was recorded using the multi-unit activity technique. The magnitude of the neural response and the changes in spontaneous firing were compared before and after cervical cord transection at C1. Before the transection, the response was greater in anesthetized than in decerebrate cats. The cord transection potentiated the response in both preparations, but the degree of potentiation was greater in decerebrate than in anesthetized cats. These studies confirmed the presence of a descending pain inhibition system acting tonically on the nociceptive neural mechanisms in the spinal cord, and indicated the susceptibility of this system to pentobarbital. We conclude that pretreatment with pentobarbital induces pharmacologically a state of partial spinal cord transection and reduces the effects of drugs acting through supraspinal CNS structures. PMID- 7315184 TI - Activation of the supraspinal pain inhibition system by ketamine hydrochloride. AB - The neurophysiologic mechanism of ketamine-induced analgesia was studied in cats under conditions of electrolytic decerebration or pentobarbital anesthesia. Injection of bradykinin into the femoral artery served as the noxious stimulus and the neural response in the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord was recorded by the multi-unit activity technique. Ketamine depressed the bradykinin-induced response more markedly in decerebrate, non-anesthetized cats than in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. The depressant action disappeared following cervical cord transection at C1, in both decerebrate non-anesthetized and pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Thus the analgesic action of ketamine is probably exerted mainly through activation of the supraspinal pain inhibition system and a direct action on the spinal cord nociceptive neural mechanism, if any, is slight. The excitatory action of ketamine on the supraspinal pain inhibition system is susceptible to the depressant action of pentobarbital. PMID- 7315185 TI - Some observations on perisinusoidal lipocyte (Ito cell) of Carassius auratus liver as revealed by electron microscopy. PMID- 7315186 TI - [An anomalous case of right subclavian artery as the last branch of the aortic arch with a variety of other variations of the cardiovascular system (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315187 TI - A quantitative study of curve symbol in human mandibular premolars. PMID- 7315188 TI - Serious contradictions are found in the Nomina Anatomica of the human lung. PMID- 7315189 TI - [Brain stem infarction. A study of 32 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315190 TI - Pharmacological studies of the uninhibited neurogenic bladder. I. The influence of repeated filling and various filling rates on the cystometrogram of neurological patients with normal and uninhibited neurogenic bladder. AB - The influence on the cystometrogram of repeated filling and varying filling rates was studied in two groups of neurological patients, one with normal and one with uninhibited neurogenic bladder. A technique which permits an even bladder filling and a continuous recording of the intravesical pressure was used. The effect of repeated bladder filling without interval at a rate of 50 ml per min resulted in the following findings: In the normal bladder the intravesical pressure decreased at the second filling in three of the five patients. The bladder capacity remained unchanged in four of the five patients. In the uninhibited bladder, only a slight tendency to pressure decrease could be observed at the second filling in the 14 patients studied. The bladder capacity increased significantly (14 patients), while the amplitude of the uninhibited contraction was reduced (17 patients). These changes of the cystometric parameters cold be avoided in both groups when an interval of 20 min was interposed between the fillings. Varying filling rates (range 10 to 90 ml per min) resulted in the following findings: The normal bladder responded to higher filling rates partly with pressure increase (3 out of 6 patients), partly with pressure decrease (2 patients) or with unchanged pressure (1 patient). The capacity was independent of the filling rate. In the uninhibited neurogenic bladder, the pressure response to higher filling rates was either unchanged (11 out of 16 patients), higher pressure (3 patients) or a reduced pressure (2 patients). The capacity of the uninhibited bladder was not influenced by the filling rate in 10 out of 16 patients. The capacity increased at higher filling rates in four patients, and decreased in one. The amplitude of the uninhibited detrusor contraction was not influenced by the filling rate in nine out of 18 patients. The amplitude increased in five and decreased in four patients at higher filling rates. The present results show that an interval of at least 20 min has to be interposed between the fillings when cystometry with high and non-physiological filling rates is used for pharmacological studies. Otherwise, non-specific results will frequently be obtained. The influence of the rate of filling is of less importance as long as one and the same rate is used in the same experiments. PMID- 7315191 TI - Pharmacological studies of the uninhibited neurogenic bladder. II. The influence of cholinergic excitatory and inhibitory drugs on the cystometrogram of neurological patients with normal and uninhibited neurogenic bladder. AB - In order to elucidate the parasympathetic activity of the uninhibited neurogenic bladder, controlled cystometry before and during influence of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs has been performed on patients with normal and uninhibited neurogenic bladder. Cholinergic stimulation proved to increase the intravesical pressure to a great extent; to a higher degree in the normal than in the uninhibited bladder. In two patients with normal bladder, uninhibited detrusor contractions were induced by cholinergic stimulation. Cholinergic inhibition had only minor influence on the intravesical pressure during the filling phase. Opposite effects were obtained on the uninhibited detrusor contractions which are regarded as a part of the expulsive phase. Cholinergic stimulation increased the amplitude of the uninhibited bladder to some degree, but cholinergic inhibition markedly reduce the amplitude. Conclusively, the uninhibited neurogenic bladder is at least partly caused by an overactivity in cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 7315193 TI - Doppler examination of the carotid arteries. A comparative study with angiography. AB - The ability of Doppler ultrasound to detect extracranial carotid arterial disease was evaluated in 148 carotid arteries, examined also angiographically. A continuous wave, directional Doppler with zero-crossing meter was used. Doppler diagnosis was based on direct examination of the carotid bifurcation. Of four quantitative variables evaluated, only the end-diastolic ICA/CCA frequency ratio was found to be useful. In stenoses exceeding 75% a deranged Doppler recording was obtained. For stenoses greater than 50% or occlusion sensitivity was 98.3%, specificity 96.6% and over-all accuracy 97.3% with the direct examination technique. Corresponding figures for an indirect Doppler test (frontal artery flow) were 45.8%, 100% and 78.4%. Stenoses less than 50% could not be separated from normal vessels. Direct Doppler examination with a zero-crossing detector is reliable, provided that the limitations of the frequency analysis are considered. PMID- 7315192 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. AB - We have studied, as a possible marker of cholinergic neurons, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 21 SDA patients and 9 controls of similar age with no neurological disease. The AChE activities were significantly lower in the SDA patients compared to the controls. The AChE activities were also lowered in the most severely demented patients compared to those who were less severely demented but the difference was not statistically significant. As a potential glia marker, beta-glucuronidase activity in CSF was studied, but no significant difference was found in the activities of the SDA patients compared to the controls. The reduced AChE activities in the CSF of the SDA patients may be related to the loss of cholinergic neurons or disturbed cholinergic metabolism in the brain. PMID- 7315194 TI - Effect of symptomatic therapy on motor difficulties in quantitative measurements of voluntary power. AB - Thirty-one multiple sclerosis patients in a stable phase were given intensive symptomatic therapy. Isometric and isokinetic measurements of voluntary power were used to assess the effect of the treatment. Twenty-one of the patients were improved, six unchanged and four aggravated. The relative improvement was on the average 35%, best in the weakest patients. Isokinetic measurements revealed a particularly good progress for the fastest movements, probably reflecting reduction of spasticity. The optimum effect of treatment was found on an average after three weeks. Such tests seem to be useful in following and analysing the training and possibly in establishing treatment models. PMID- 7315195 TI - Prognosis in chronic toxic encephalopathy. A two-year follow-up study in 26 house painters with occupational encephalopathy. AB - The prognosis of chronic toxic encephalopathy in former house painters was examined in a prospective study with a two-year observation period. Twenty-six patients, who at the initial examination had cerebral atrophy and/or intellectual impairment, were selected for the follow-up study. No competitive etiological factors (including alcohol) to the encephalopathy were suspected. During the two year follow-up interval these patients were not professionally exposed to organic solvents. At the follow-up examination neurological, biochemical, neuropsychological, and neuroradiological parameters were reassessed and compared to the original findings. Generally the condition was unchanged. Slight improvements with regard to headache and dizziness were reported by some. However, the neurological status, the neuropsychological impairment, and the cerebral atrophy, did not change significantly. In three patients further deterioration was observed. It is argued that our patients suffered from a brain disorder different from presenile dementia of the Pick-Alzheimer type. Other alternative etiological entities were also excluded. Our findings indicate that long-term exposure to organic solvents may lead to a chronic brain syndrome. Once intellectual impairment and/or cerebral atrophy had developed, reversibility is not observed. Nor is further progression to be expected if exposure is stopped. Occupational exposure to organic solvents should be maximally restricted as it represents a risk of inducing invalidating brain syndromes. PMID- 7315196 TI - Familial basal ganglia calcifications visualized by computerized tomography. AB - Intracranial calcification can now be detected easily and precisely with the advent of computerized tomography. A familial case of striopallidal calcification with a rare hereditary pattern of autosomal dominancy is presented. None of the family members, aged from 8 to 62, displayed any neurological abnormality. All female family members had, bilaterally, short fourth metatarsals. Serum calcium and phosphorus values were not abnormal, although such physical findings are compatible with pseudohypoparathyroidism. The family tree suggested autosomal dominant heredity with a penetrance rate of 100%. Our survey revealed that no more than 10 cases of familial striopallidal calcification excluding ours have been reported to date. Only by utilizing CT was the hereditary pattern of our case determined accurately. PMID- 7315197 TI - Personality correlates of sphenoidal EEG-foci in temporal lobe epilepsy. AB - Patients with unilateral temporal lateral or temporal mediobasal epileptic focus as ascertained by sphenoidal electrode EEG recordings were evaluated using the questionnaire designed by Bear & Fedio (1977). The seventeen traits defined by the items in this questionnaire were also assessed by close observers in an equivalent questionnaire. Patients with medio-basal temporal lobe focus were found generally to exhibit "epileptic" personality traits to a greater extent than patients with lateral focus, and the results indicated that they also, more than patients with lateral focus, were characterized by a schizoid paranoid outlook. The patients with left temporal lobe focus were found to be emotionally labile compared to patients with right temporal lobe focus. Patients with lateral right-sided temporal focus had obviously the most benign psychological prognosis. The main discrepancies between the results of Bear & Fedio (1977) and the present study are briefly discussed. PMID- 7315198 TI - Experimental brain tumors and edema in rats. I. Histology and cytology of tumors. AB - In this study an experimental intracerebral tumor has been investigated with special consideration of structures, which may be involved in edema production and/or resolution. For this purpose a cloned tumor cell line (RG1 2.2) has been injected stereotactically into the brain of BD-IX rats. The tumor has some characteristics in common with low differentiated oligodendroglioma in men. A honeycomb architecture may be seen in the center of the tumor. It is built up by rounded or elongated cells, which can be impregnated in parts. In the central area, cells exhibit a voluminous digestive apparatus, composed of dictyosomes, vesicles, and some vacuoles with a membranaceous or homogeneous content. Tumor cells in the periphery show large processes and a small digestive apparatus. The sinusoidal tumor vessels are composed of an endothelium with many vesicles but no openings. PMID- 7315199 TI - Ultracytochemical studies of the blood-meningeal barrier (BMB) in rat spinal cord. AB - Alkaline phosphatase(AP),5'-nucleotidase(5'N) and nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) activities were studied by cytochemical methods applied to light and electron microscopy in the microvasculature of spinal cord leptomeningeal strips of normal and protamine sulfate (PS) treated rats. The increased permeability to intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase was observed in some segments of microvessels of PS treated rats. Enhanced formation of plasmalemmal pits and deep invaginations, formation of numerous pinocytic vesicles and the appearance of channel-like structures in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells were the most striking ultrastructural evidence of increased permeability of the affected microvessels. All of these structures also showed activity of AP, and to lesser extent, of NDPase; 5'N activity was mainly associated with the delimiting membranes of pinocytic vesicles. Our data present evidence that a shift of enzymatic activity from luminal to abluminal surface of affected endothelial cells results from membrane flow accompanying increased transport activity via formation of pinocytic vesicles and channel-like structures. PMID- 7315200 TI - Ultrastructure of pineal parenchymal neoplasms. AB - The fine structures of two pineal parenchymal neoplasms has been described. The tumors contained a predominance of small, poorly differentiated cells with prominent nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. These cells were similar to those found in medulloblastomas, primitive cerebral neuroectodermal tumors, and fetal cerebellum and cerebrum. Some cells contained 9 + 0 cilia, dense core vesicles, and processes containing microtubules and numerous dense core and clear vesicles, suggesting neuronal differentiation. Astrocytic elements were also present. This study suggests that the predominant cells of these tumors are primitive neuroectodermal elements which have the potential to differentiate along several different lines. PMID- 7315201 TI - Wallerian degeneration of peripheral nerve. Age-dependent loss of nerve lipids. AB - The age-dependent loss of the major peripheral nerve lipids (cholesterol, phospholipid, and total galactolipid) was quantitated over a period of 9 weeks of Wallerian degeneration induced by surgical transection of rabbit sciatic nerves in animals of several ages. Proportionate losses of these lipids were determined by calculating the content of each lipid on a per nerve and on a per gram fresh weight basis remaining after a given period of Wallerian degeneration as a percent of original normal values at several time following surgery. The proportionate loss of each lipid from the distal stump was the most prompt and the most complete in nerves transected at 2 weeks of age, and the least in nerves transected at 20 weeks of age. The prompter clearance of these lipids from younger than older degenerating nerve gives convincing evidence that the suggestion from light-microscopic studies of faster clearance of neural debris in younger than in older animals is correct. A possible relationship between these biochemical findings and the phenomenon of greater functional recovery from peripheral nerve injury in younger than in older subjects is discussed. PMID- 7315202 TI - Regional protein synthesis in the rat brain during bicuculline-induced epileptic seizures. AB - The incorporation of L-[3,5-3H]tyrosine into cerebral proteins was investigated during the initial phase (30 min) of bicuculline-induced status epilepticus. Autoradiographs of different parts of the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, and cerebellum were prepared. Marked local reduction of amino acid incorporation was evident in bilaterally symmetrical areas of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamic nuclei, and the region of the medial geniculate body. No apparent difference of local [3H]tyrosine incorporation was observed in the lower brain stem nuclei and in the cerebellum of control and convulsed animals. The territories showing a decrease of protein synthesis during epileptic seizures coincide largely with the regions of maximal local glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow. The present investigation demonstrates that autoradiography of regional protein biosynthesis is a suitable method for the visualization of neuronal populations at risk in the very early stages of seizure activity. PMID- 7315203 TI - Neuropathological findings in Wolf-Hirschhorn (4p-) syndrome. PMID- 7315205 TI - Reactive changes in the human retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. AB - Explants from the retinal pigment epithelium and the underlying choroid and sclera were dissected from human eyes and transferred to culture wells. The mechanical trauma caused by the dissection and removal of the explants, and the changes in biological milieu caused by transfer of the tissue to an in vitro system causes injury, necrosis and detachment of cells from Bruch's membrane. In the retinal pigment epithelium, cells adjacent to damaged, spherical and detaching cells and smaller cell free zones from rosettes. At the periphery of big defects, the cells spread out to cover the denuded areas of Bruch's membrane. The present work has shown that cell injury in the human retinal pigment epithelium is followed by reactive cellular changes in vitro. The result of these reactive changes are increased variation in cellular form and magnitude and in pigment concentration per unit area. PMID- 7315204 TI - Dysmyelination in Chow Chow dogs: further studies in older dogs. AB - The ultrastructure of myelin deficiency in Chow Chow dogs was studied in the spinal cord of a 15-month-old and a 3-year-old animal. It was found that myelination progresses with age in these dogs but is still deficient at the age of 3 years. The findings included axons with thin or uncompacted myelin sheaths, separated from each other by massive astrocytosis, and bizarre myelin formations. Normal numbers of morphologically normal oligodendrocytes were present in the myelin-deficient areas. The disease in these Chow Chow dogs consists of a strongly retarded myelination which is possibly due to a dysfunction or delay in glial maturation. PMID- 7315206 TI - A feasible development of computerized perimetry. AB - A procedure is suggested to also utilize the computer of the automatic perimeter for the evaluation of the visual field recordings. Parameters are constructed describing the general performance level of a test, size of a defect and its location etcetera. Comparisons with normal values, with the contralateral eye and, when possible, with previous test results are carried through. Trends towards decay or improvement in series of consecutive test results are analyzed.- The information of the field test is printed out in a concise form, verbally and numerically. PMID- 7315207 TI - Initial and long-term effects of metoprolol and timolol on the intraocular pressure. A comparison in healthy subjects. AB - The effect of 3% metoprolol and 0.5% timolol eye drops on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was compared in healthy subjects. The effect of a single dose was determined up to 48 h after administration of the drug before and after 2 weeks' treatment twice daily with the test drug. The study was performed as a randomized, double-masked cross-over study. Both drugs caused significant reductions in IOP with a maximal effect 2 to 8 h after administration of the drug. Timolol reduced the mean IOP from 14.8 to 10.7 mmHg after 2 h. The corresponding figures for metoprolol were 14.1 and 11.5 mmHg. There was no clear cut effect in the untreated eye for either drug. The effect of one drop timolol lasted for at least 48 h. The duration of one drop metoprolol was 36 h, but there was a marked reduction of the effect between 8 and 12 h after administration of the drug. Both drugs caused a smaller pressure reduction when the effect of one drop was followed for 48 h after to weeks' treatment compared to the initial response. This "escape" was of the same order for both drugs. It has been concluded that the composition of metoprolol eye drops used in the present study is less efficient than timolol as an ocular hypotensive agent. PMID- 7315208 TI - Retinal vessels in the ora region. Possible role in the vitreo-retinal pathology in aphakia. AB - During intracapsular lens extraction the extreme retinal periphery is subjected to zonula-mediated traction and possible damage to the retinal vessels. The vascular pattern at the ora serrata was studied with special reference to the frequency and distribution of vessels positioned adjacent to the ora structures. The possible role of leakage from such vessels in vitreo-retinal pathology of the aphakic eye is discussed. PMID- 7315209 TI - Frequency of cataract extraction in Greenlanders. AB - The total number of cataract extractions in Eskimos in Greenland was 43 during 1979 and 1980. Of these 28 were performed as first eye extractions. The frequency of first eye extractions was found to be rather high, respectively 42 and 72 per 10.000 persons in 60-69 and 70-79-year-old persons. Racial, nutritional, climatological factors together with "backlog effect" are discussed. PMID- 7315210 TI - Tranexamic acid in the prevention of secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema. AB - The occurrence of secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema was studied in 239 patients treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Tampere Central Hospital during the years 1972 to 1980. From 1972 to 1976, 126 patients with traumatic hyphaema were confined to bed and treated without antifibrinolytic agents; nine (7.1%) of these patients developed secondary haemorrhage. From 1977 to 1980, none of 58 patients with traumatic hyphema treated with tranexamic acid developed secondary haemorrhage which was seen in 3 (5.5%) of 55 patients treated without antifibrinolytic agents; the activities of these patients were not restricted and the eyes were not patched. The resorption of the hyphaema was significantly delayed in the tranexamic acid treated patients. It is concluded that tranexamic acid delays resorption of the blood-clot sealing the damaged vessel and preventing secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema without bed-rest and binocular patching. PMID- 7315211 TI - Extended wear soft contact lenses in the treatment of strabismic amblyopia. AB - 17 amblyopic children between 4 and 9 years were fitted with high power plus extended wear soft contact lenses (Scanlens 24 h, Duragel 75) for optical occlusion of strabismic amblyopia. Amblyopia and eccentric fixation responded quickly to treatment between 2 to 13 weeks. Only one patient failed to reach 6/9, and 11 patients achieved equal visual acuity. Out of 10 patients with eccentric fixation only two remained eccentric after treatment. The contact lenses were tolerated by the children. Among the problems, concerning the use of extended wear soft contact lenses, should be mentioned fitting problems, deposits, loss of lenses (1 child needed 4 lenses) and occurrence of conjunctivitis (5 eyes). No major infections were seen. A one year follow-up showed that almost all the children needed renewed occlusion treatment. It is therefore recommended to continue with contact lens occlusion for at total period of 3 months. PMID- 7315212 TI - Contact lens induced transient changes in corneal endothelium. AB - The effect of soft contact lens (SCL) wear on corneal epithelium was studied with a noncontact specular microscope in 21 unadapted young volunteers. In 4 cases the specular reflection remained intact. In 6 cases the specular reflection was abnormally pronounced in the cell periphery and less pronounced in the central cell area. Nine of 21 eyes presented also nonreflecting areas or blebs. In 2 individuals these changes were extensive. The changes appeared 4 to 10 min after the contact lens (CL) insertion and reached a maximum after 15 to 40 min. The endothelial mosaic returned to normal about 30 min after removal of the CL. The endothelial bleb reaction and the role of atmospheric oxygen flux to the endothelium is discussed. PMID- 7315213 TI - Aqueous humour and plasma amino acids in tapeto-retinal degenerations. AB - The concentration of 18 amino acids and related compounds has been determined in plasma and aqueous humour in 17 patients with tapeto-retinal degenerations, among them 10 patients with retinitis pigmentosa. When compared with a previously obtained reference series of 40 patients abnormal aqueous concentrations (Caq) were found for taurine, glutamine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alpha-ANBA and cystine. As regards the plasma concentrations (Cpl) only glutamic acid and alpha-ANBA showed abnormal values. Several of the substances showing abnormal concentrations are possible neurotransmittors or inhibitors. The results suggest that aqueous humour analysis will be a useful way of studying retinal degenerations. PMID- 7315214 TI - Peroperative protection of cornea and conjunctiva. AB - In 221 consecutive cataract extractions the peroperative epithelial damage was assessed by vital staining with 1% lissamine green, using logarithmic grading (grade 5 more than 10 000 stained dots) on cornea and on the superior, medial, lateral, and inferior conjunctiva. Evenly spread dots were seen on the cornea in 63 per cent of the eyes not subjected to protective treatment. In 35 per cent we observed staining caused by taut suturing of cornea and/or conjunctiva, in 10 per cent horizontal lines due to corneal bending during the extraction. The cornea was protected most effectively by healon (1% instilled once). Saline (4 or 5 instillations during the operation sufficed) protected equally well as gelatin sponge, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and a soft contact lens. The inferior conjunctiva was protected only by healon, the superior also by saline, gelatin sponge, and polyvinyl alcohol. PMID- 7315215 TI - Non corneal closed eye electroretinography in healthy persons and in patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Stengel-Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease). AB - Non corneal "closed eye" ERG was recorded with surface skin electrodes in 22 healthy subjects and in 7 patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Stengel Batten-Spielmeyer-Vogt disease). Non corneal "closed eye" ERG was present in all normal subjects and the records comprised all the main subcomponents reported in the conventional corneal ERG. While the latencies of the a and b waves in the normal subjects differed but slightly from those reported from corneal ERGs, the amplitudes were reduced in the non corneal "closed eye" ERG. The parameters of the non corneal "closed eye" ERGs in the healthy subjects differed but slightly from those reported on non corneal "open eye" ERGs. When applied on patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, the method proved clinically tenable and no sedation was required. The records show that ERG was absent in all but one of the patients tested. PMID- 7315216 TI - The C-wave of the rabbit electroretinogram during dark-adaptation and the steady state. AB - C-waves of the rabbit ERF under urethane anesthesia were elicited by a Grass photostimulator during dark adaptation and under steady-state conditions. After strong pre-adaptation with light, the amplitude and time-to-peak of the c-wave increased in parallel with the a- and b-waves, reaching a maximum of 90-130 min. In the dark-adapted steady-state, repetitive stimuli at intervals ranging from 15 sec to 5 min elicited a stable c-wave response except for a small dip in amplitude that occurred 2-6 min after initiating the shortest interval (15 sec) flashes. Although the changes in light and dark used in these experiments should have elicited shifts in the standing potential, no fluctuations of the c-wave amplitude were evident with a time course corresponding to a light response of the standing potential. PMID- 7315217 TI - Further studies of the chemical sensitivity of the oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram (ERG). III. Some omega amino acids and ethanol. AB - The action of some omega amino acids and the influence of ethanol on the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the ERG were tested. Low doses of beta-alanine, an inhibitory amino acid, selectively suppressed the amplitude of the OPs without affecting the a- and b-waves. The earlier OPs (O1 O2) appeared somewhat more sensitive to the drug than the later ones (O3-O5). Higher doses extinguished all the OPs but also affected the maximum amplitude of the a- and b-wave. There was no noticeable change of the threshold sensitivity of the a- and b-waves. Valine in corresponding concentrations did not affect the OPs. Taurine did not change the OPs in most experiments but in some experiments a concurrent decrease of the OPs, a- and b-waves occurred. Thus, these findings support the view that only inhibitory feed-back circuits initiated by the amacrines give rise to the OPs. Ethanol had a differential and selective effect on the OPs. The later OPs (O3-O5) were sensitive to ethanol. In conclusion, these results support the notion that the individual oscillatory peaks are likely to have different origins and that the later OPs may perhaps be related to the off-components in response to brief stimulus light. PMID- 7315218 TI - Optic disc haemorrhages precede retinal nerve fibre layer defects in ocular hypertension. AB - Both small splinter haemorrhages of the optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects have been reported to be the first signs of glaucomatous development before visual field defects. In this study their time- and location based relationship to each other was investigated by means of repeated optic disc stereophotography of 25 patients who showed a disc haemorrhage but no disc and field involvement in their ocular hypertensive eyes. During a mean follow-up time of 6 years, 8 patients developed glaucomatous damage. Their sequential stereo photographs showed that disc haemorrhages preceded both development and progression of RNFL defects. Location of a defect was accurately predicted by the haemorrhage. In 4 patients the first visual field defects were detected with routine perimetry only 1 to 2 years after the RNFL defects had been observed. Three patients still show normal fields. PMID- 7315219 TI - Inherited retinal detachment. AB - Patients with retinal detachment and their relatives with the same disease (Group F) are compared to a group of unselected cases of retinal detachment from the Swedish population (Group C). The prevalence of bilaterality is greater in Group F. The age-distribution shows younger patients. Myopic refraction is common. More cases with aphakia, lattice degeneration and large tears are found. All these differences are highly significant. Multiple retinal holes are also significantly more common in Group F. After operation, healing is achieved in 78.8% which is not significantly different in comparison with the cure rate in Group C. (83.4%). PMID- 7315220 TI - Congenital retinoschisis. AB - Four generations of a family with congenital retinoschisis are described. Six male members in the second generation suffer from this disease. The fundus changes in these patients were advanced with marked chorioretinal atrophy. Schisis of the retina was only seen in one of them. Three boys in the fourth generation exhibited retinoschisis with typical macula changes. One had detachment in one eye. ERG was in most cases subnormal or extinguished. Fluorescein angiography showed leakage of dye in 2 patients and one of these had vessel malformation. PMID- 7315221 TI - Atrophia areata. A variant of peripapillary chorioretinal degeneration. AB - In Northern Iceland 38 patients with atrophia areata were investigated, 26 belonging to a pedigree with a dominant inheritance. The atrophy in the retina and choroidea is always bilateral, radiating from the papilla, often symmetrically. The atrophy is slowly progressive, most likely beginning in the retinal pigment epithelium. Usually there is a combined myopia and astigmatism. PMID- 7315222 TI - Fenestrated sheen macular dystrophy. A new autosomal dominant maculopathy. AB - A family is described showing small, grouped, red fenestrations of the macular region surrounding an intact foveolar reflex. The disease affected a father and his 2 daughters, and seems to be an autosomal dominant maculopathy. No functional abnormalities were disclosed and fluorescein angiography was normal. This family may represent the second family described with fenestrated sheen macular dystrophy. PMID- 7315224 TI - Dominant progressive cone-rod dystrophy. AB - The report describes a Finnish family in which retinal lesions associated with a considerable visual loss have been found in 19 probands in 5 consecutive generations. The progressive cone-rod dystrophy diagnosed in the probands shows an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The onset of the disease was noticed in most of the probands early during the first decade of life. In the young diseased probands the fundal lesions showed the pattern found in pure cone dystrophies. Elder probands, however, had lesions and dysfunctions indicating an obvious rod involvement in addition to the cone dystrophic pattern. The fundal lesions included very extensive pigmentation in most of the elder probands with the disease. In addition to the retinal lesions, considerable astigmatism and lens opacities at the level of the posterior capsule were found in a great proportion of the probands. PMID- 7315223 TI - The blood-retinal barrier permeability in diabetic patients. AB - By the of aid an extended corpus vitreum fluorophotometric technique, the blood retinal barrier permeability for fluorescein was studied in diabetologically well characterized patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The method, which involves simultaneous determination of the fluorescein concentration in corpus vitreum and plasma, is described and discussed. A clear correlation was found between the degree of retinopathy and permeability (P). Patients with normal visus, ophthalmoscophy, fundus photo and fluorescence angiography exhibited P-values of 1.10(-7) cm . sec-1. This was similar to P-values found in normal volunteers. Simplex retinopathy without macular oedema showed values of 2.5 . 10(-7) cm . sec-1 while simplex retinopathy with macular oedema showed P values of 10 . 10(-7) cm . sec-1. PMID- 7315225 TI - Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in the aqueous humour of patients with active retinochoroiditis. AB - In active cases of ocular toxoplasmosis, antibodies against the parasite are produced locally in the eye. This antibody production may be revealed by examination of the aqueous humour, and comparing the antibody titer with that of serum. We examined the dye test titer as well as the total IgG concentration of the aqueous humour and serum in 10 patients with active retinochoroiditis. Six of the 10 patients had a significantly higher antibody titer in the aqueous humour than in serum, in relation to their contents of total IgG, proving that the retinochoroiditis was caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Negative results do not exclude the possibility that the inflammation is caused by this parasite. False negative results may occur when the total IgG concentration is either very low, or very high. The time at which the test is performed, in relation to the onset of the inflammation, is also of importance. Our results also suggest that the larger the size of the active lesions is, the higher is the chance of obtaining a definite diagnosis. It is concluded that aqueous humour analysis for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii should be considered in cases of active retinochoroiditis of unclear or suspected toxoplasmic etiology. PMID- 7315226 TI - A-beta-lipoproteinaemia. Ocular involvement in a Danish case. AB - A-beta-lipoproteinaemia in a Danish woman is reported. The ocular involvement comprised pigmentary retinopathy, anisocoria and reduced corneal sensibility. Serum concentrations of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) were low, but were normalized after vitamin treatment. Serum concentration of carotene was low, and not altered by treatment. The retinopathy progressed over a 2 1/2 year period in spite of controlled serum vitamin A and RBP concentrations. The possible role of vitamin A in the development of retinopathy is discussed. PMID- 7315227 TI - The c-wave of the electroretinogram in vitelliruptive macular degeneration (alvdalssjukan). AB - The d.c. ERG and the EOG were recorded from 6 patients with vitelliruptive macular degeneration (VMD, Alvdalssjukan). All EOGs were highly pathological. The a- and b-waves of the ERG were normal. These are pathognomonic findings in VMD, which starts as a generalized disturbance of the pigment epithelium. No signs of a c-wave were seen in 4 patients. Small c-waves occurred in 2 patients, but only under certain stimulus conditions. The major positive component of the c-wave is produced by the pigment epithelium -- receptor complex. Absent or pathological c waves in VMD, a pigment epithelial disease, are in good agreement with what is known about the origin of the c-wave. PMID- 7315228 TI - The importance of heredity and environment in the etiology of low myopia. PMID- 7315229 TI - Contrast sensitivity function in evaluation of visual impairment due to retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Spatial contrast sensitivity functions of 11 retinitis pigmentosa patients were studied. The patients represented 3 different stages of the disease: 1: in the very severely impaired patients the contrast sensitivity and grating resolution had decreased to a fraction of normal. 2: in severely impaired patients, who had lost peripheral field but had subjectively satisfactory vision in the central field, contrast sensitivity differed considerably from one patient to another, 3: some of the moderately impaired patients, who still had useful peripheral vision, had nearly normal contrast sensitivity in the central vision while they already had large ring scotomas. The severity of reduction in contrast sensitivity was poorly correlated with visual acuity, the size of the visual field and the age of the patient. Because contrast sensitivity function cannot be predicted by means of other clinical measurements, it should be included in evaluation of visual impairment due to retinitis pigmentosa. We also measured contrast sensitivity at low luminance levels: this procedure provided useful information for evaluation of vision in retinitis pigmentosa. The contrast sensitivity function of each patient agreed with the subjective view of the patient about his visual impairment and it also corresponded with the examiners' evaluation of the patient's performance in different visual and visuomotor tasks. PMID- 7315230 TI - Picture simulation of contrast sensitivity in organic and functional amblyopia. AB - We have tried to illustrate some contrast sensitivity defects by picture simulation. We have used data obtained from 2 patients: a woman with optic nerve lesion (Snellen VA 0.5) and a 7.5-year-old boy with anisometropic amblyopia (VA 0.6). The optic nerve lesion was represented by profound contrast sensitivity loss for all spatial frequencies, while the anisometropic eye showed loss only at high spatial frequencies. A positive picture was decomposed into 1.25 X 10(6) pixels (picture elements), using a drum scanner. In a computer each spatial frequency component of the picture was multiplied by the ratio between the patient sensitivity value and that of an age-matched reference group and a modified image was processed. The pictures illustrate the poor image quality that is associated with general contrast sensitivity loss, even when Snellen visual acuity is only moderately impaired. PMID- 7315231 TI - Function after removal of various hip and thigh muscles for extirpation of tumors. AB - Forty-six patients who had undergone excision of one or more well defined hip and/or thigh muscles because of a soft-tissue tumor or a tumoriform lesion were investigated with respect to the function of the operated limb and the isometric and isokinetic strength of the affected motion or motions, relative to the non operated side (percentage). Hip flexion: Loss of the iliopsoas caused slight impairment of function. The flexion strength decreased with increasing flexion of the hip joint. Loss of the rectus femoris reduced the isometric strength by 37 and the isokinetic strength by 17 per cent. Hip abduction: The strength reduction was only about 50 per cent and the impairment of function only slight or moderate even in patients with extensive loss of abductor muscles. Hip adduction: Removal of all three prime adductors (longus, brevis, magnus) caused a strength reduction of about 70 per cent but the impairment of function was only slight or moderate. Hip extension: Loss of the gluteus maximus caused only a small strength reduction and no impairment or only slight impairment of function. Significant strength reduction was only seen when all hamstrings had been removed. Knee extension: Loss of one, two, and three of the quadriceps muscles reduced the isometric strength by 22, 33, and 55 per cent, respectively. The isokinetic strength was reduced somewhat more. The strength reduction usually had to exceed 50 per cent to cause more than slight impairment of function. Knee flexion: Loss of the semitendinosus, the biceps femoris, and all the hamstrings reduced the isometric strength by 24, 28, and 67 per cent, respectively. The isokinetic strength was reduced somewhat less. Loss of one of the hamstrings usually caused no impairment of function whereas loss of all three resulted in moderate impairment of function. PMID- 7315232 TI - Radioisotope washout technique as a routine method for selection of amputation level. AB - In 36 amputations of the lower extremity the local skin perfusion pressure was measured preoperatively by an isotope washout technique. The result served as a guidance in the selection of amputation level. An overall healing rate of 94 per cent was found with 64 per cent of the amputations being below the knee. Thus, the isotope washout technique, used routinely, gives a reliable preoperative assessment of the chances of wound healing following below-knee and above-knee amputations. PMID- 7315233 TI - Excision of the radial head for closed fracture. AB - Two-thirds of 12 patients reviewed at least 13 years after excision of the radial head for closed fracture had a good or fair result; poor results followed a delay of more than 6 weeks before operation. Less than half the patients admitted to significant elbow symptoms, although all but one had radiographic degenerative changes. All the patients except one had measurable radiographic inferior radio ulnar subluxation, which averaged 2.3 mm, but this gave symptoms in only one case. The majority of patients can expect an acceptable clinical result from this procedure provided that certain conditions are met. PMID- 7315234 TI - Analysis of operated cases with lumbar renal stenosis. AB - Twenty-seven patients with spinal stenosis all diagnosed at the surgical exposure and treated with decompression are analysed. The material is divided into three groups according to the preoperative symptoms, those with claudication, those with back and leg pains and those with mixed symptoms. All were myelographed. The radicality of the decompression varied. Excellent and good results were obtained in a total of about 60 per cent. No difference, however, was seen between the three groups. A positive myelography (AP diameter less than 11 mm) was found in all cases with excellent and good results. The postoperative extent of the decompression was studied with a CT-scanner. Here a correlation was found between the range of decompression of the lateral recess and the result of the operation. Also the results seemed to be better with a shorter duration of the symptoms preoperatively. PMID- 7315235 TI - [The hand as dynamic extension of the brain. Opposition, the queen of hand functions]. PMID- 7315236 TI - Digital nerves. A qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural study in man. PMID- 7315237 TI - Vascular peculiarities of digital nerves in man. PMID- 7315238 TI - [Effects of reconstruction of the anterior annular carpal ligament using a silicone sheet in surgery of the carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 7315239 TI - [Calcifying periarthritis of the wrist]. PMID- 7315240 TI - [Dieterich disease. Importance of differential diagnosis]. PMID- 7315241 TI - [Management of fractures of the base of the first metacarpal bone using an external mini-brace. Apropos of a preliminary series of 14 cases]. PMID- 7315242 TI - [Hand injuries due to a milled cutter]. PMID- 7315243 TI - Further study of physical exercise and locomotor balance compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy in squirrel monkeys. AB - The effect of physical exercise on compensation for locomotor asymmetry after unilateral labyrinthectomy was studied in squirrel monkeys. Five monkeys were assigned to the motor-driven rotating cage exercise, and another five, non exercise control. Daily exercise (cumulative time of 2 1/2 hours) was given for three weeks preoperatively and continuously (daily) post-operatively. The average number of calendar days to attain the locomotor balance compensation was 20 days in the exercise group, and 35 days in the non-exercise control group. Statistical analysis showed the former compensated (according to the previously established criterion) significantly faster than the latter ( less than 0.05). Furthermore, faster reduction of gait deviation was found in the exercise group. Therefore, when physical exercise was given extensively and continuously, and locomotor balance function was measured by the squirrel monkey platform runway test (Igarashi, 1974), physical exercise application enhanced the locomotor equilibrium compensation. PMID- 7315244 TI - Scarpa's ganglion in the rat and guinea pig. AB - This study describes the location of the cell-bodies of the primary afferent vestibular neurons (Scarpa's ganglion) in relation to the internal auditory meatus of the temporal bone in rats and guinea pigs. In these species the internal auditory meatus consists of three distinct opening or pores (foramina) into the temporal bone. The superior division of the vestibular nerve emerges from the dorsal-most foramen and the pars superior of Scarpa's ganglion is visible as a ridge or 'frill' which occupies the foramen. The inferior division of the vestibular nerve emerges from the cochlear foramen and the cell-bodies of the pars inferior of Scarpa's ganglion lie in the dorsal and rostral area of this foramen. A thin layer of cell-bodies, the isthmus ganglionaris, stretches across the bony transverse crest separating these two foramen. In the newborn rat Scarpa's ganglion is an ovoid structure lying within the cranial cavity. PMID- 7315245 TI - Bacteria in the middle ear and ear canal of patients with secretory otitis media and with non-inflamed ears. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic semiquantitative bacteriological cultures were taken from 110 mucoid middle ear effusions and the respective ear canals of 74 patients with secretory otitis media (SOM). Additionally, mucosal pieces from 20 non-inflamed middle ears and swabs from the ear canals were cultured similarly. Bacteria were found in 35 effusions and 65 ear canals with SOM; in both sites the most frequent species were S. epidermidis and S. aureus, and the species distributions were not significantly different in the sites. Ten effusions grew bacteria not culturable in the respective ear canal samples. Anaerobes were found in one effusion only. Nine non-inflamed middle ears revealed bacteria; the species distribution was no different from SOM, and four of the bacteria were not found in the ear canal of the same ear. In conclusion, there may be bacteria in the middle ear in the absence of inflammation and in SOM, but the role of viable bacteria seems to be nil in an established secretory otitis media. PMID- 7315246 TI - The rationale for radical surgery as the treatment of choice for chronic maxillary sinusitis in developing countries. PMID- 7315247 TI - Cochlear vascular and electrophysiological effects in the guinea pig to 4 kHz pure tones of different durations and intensities. AB - Round window cochlear microphonic recordings from 33 guinea pigs were obtained prior to and following exposure to a 4 kHz pure tone at levels ranging from 124 dB to 140 dB for 5 to 80 minutes. When electro-physiological evaluation was complete, the animals were killed and tje cochlear tissues prepared using a soft surface preparation technique. Experimental and control animals were mixed and randomly assessed without prior knowledge of the groups to which the specimens belonged. Histopathological observations were quantified and computer analysed. Statistical analyses suggest that noise exposure results in an overall decrease in blood flow to the cochlea with slight intracochlear increases in flow, perhaps compensatory in nature, to locations corresponding to the 4 kHz exposed region. Results implied that the initial localized hair cell damage known to occur as a result of overexposure to a discrete pure tone is not caused by a decreased blood flow. Relationships between electro-physiological and vascular changes and noise 'dose' are discussed. PMID- 7315248 TI - Photometric evaluation of laryngeal epithelium exhibiting hyperplasia, keratosis and moderate dysplasia. AB - Photometric examination of vocal cord epithelia disclosed no difference in the nuclear DNA content or nuclear area of normal and keratotic laryngeal epithelia. For 2 out of 3 epithelia displaying hyperplasia the values were slightly elevated. There seem to be no morphologic or photometric grounds for considering either hyperplasia or keratosis to be premalignant. Eight patients with moderate dysplasia were selected; 3 with and 5 without subsequent development of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. In all 8 cases the DNA values were not increased, but in 6 there was an increased variation about the mean. There were no morphologic or photometric differences between the epithelia subsequently developing severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and those that did not. The 3 patients developing severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ were then followed for 112, 27 and 106 months and showed no evidence of invasive carcinoma. The other 5 patients with moderate dysplasia were followed for 48 to 123 months without any sign of recurrent disease. There are no photometric grounds for considering moderate dysplasia as a precancerous lesion. Long-term investigation is required to ascertain the risk that carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma will develop in patients with laryngeal hyperplasia, keratosis and moderate dysplasia. PMID- 7315249 TI - Morphological study of the laryngeal anterior commissure with regard to the spread of cancer. AB - This morphological study, done on larynges from male cadavers from 40 to 60 years of age, sectioned horizontally and dye-stained, shows that in the anterior commissure, at the level of the upper surface of the vocal cords, there is a structure which could be of cancerological interest, termed the X-space by the authors. This structure, 1.5-2.0 mm long, is composed of a homogeneous layer of dense fibrous connective tissue located between the dihedral angle of the thyroid cartilage and the laryngeal mucosa. Vascular and glandular formations penetrate the segments above and below this point, making the connective layer less homogeneous. As the X-space is a point of greater resistance to the deep spread of the tumor, the dissemination of cancer at this level is more likely to occur along the mucosa: this allows the surgeon to ascertain the exact margins of the tumor. PMID- 7315250 TI - Primary tuberculosis of the adenoids. PMID- 7315251 TI - Cysticercosis in the practice of otolaryngology. PMID- 7315252 TI - Classification of the severity of acoustic trauma based on pure tone threshold audiometry. AB - A simple-to-use classification system is presented for expressing the hearing loss resulting from acoustic trauma. They system is based upon the implications for social hearing as seen the pure tone air conduction hearing test, which is classified according to specifically segmented areas of the audiogram. A study of the audiometric results of 102 ex-army men with AcT and 25 controls with normal hearing included a detailed questionnaire to relate the patients' functional complaints to their audiograms, and the clinical picture was then completed by the administration of speech audiometry tests both in quiet backgrounds of various signal-to-noise ratios. Three main severity categories of hearing impairment were established. These are described and illustrated. PMID- 7315253 TI - Ototoxicity of ethanol in the tympanic cleft in animals. AB - This work was undertaken to study the ototoxicity of topically applied ethanol in quantitative terms. Using guinea pigs, ethanol was administered (1) on the round window for 10 min, (2) instilled in the middle ear cavity for 24 hours, and (3) perfused into the cochlear canal (into the scala tympani) at the rat of 10 microliter/min for 10 min. Cochlear microphonics from the electrode on the round window were recorded. The critical concentration (the maximum dilution ratio) of the ethanol that appears to be ototoxic in the experimental condition mentioned above was determined to be (1) 50%, (2) 10%, (3) 0.1% respectively. Using chinchillas, the effect of ethanol with round window application on the Endocochlear Potential (EP) was studied. Simultaneous recording of EP from the 1st and 3rd turn of the cochlea showed a more marked decline in EP in the 1st turn. 70% ethanol caused an irreversible, plateauing decline in EPO, while 35% ethanol caused a reversible decline in EP. PMID- 7315255 TI - Experimental tubal obstruction. Changes in middle ear mucosa elucidated by quantitative histology. AB - Two and 4 weeks after experimental tubal occlusion in germ-free rats the goblet cell density in the middle ear was increased, compared with the normal contralateral side, indicating that transformation of epithelial cells to secretory cells can occur without infection. Other histopathological changes such as vasodilatation, oedema, round cell infiltration, fluid uptake of epithelial cells (which were thereby distended), hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, formation of intra-epithelial glands and some few subepithelial glands, are described. The finding may indicate that negative middle ear pressure and fluid uptake into the cells damage the epithelium, and the succeeding processes may be regarded as reparative processes following the epithelial damage. PMID- 7315254 TI - Intratympanic gas-pressure in cases of SOM and atelectasis. AB - Direct manometric measurement of gas pressure in the middle ear, by piercing the tympanic membrane with a hollow needle, has been made leak-free. Even so, the rather small negative pressures (a few mm of H2O2) found in cases of secretory otitis media (SOM) and in atelectatic ears, are in error due to a previously unsuspected, significant correction factor. For the proper application of the correction, the volume of the free gas-space in each ear would have to be known. This volume was unavailable to us for the individual ear, yet in cases like ours it ranges between 0.5 to 2.5 ml and therefore an average of 1.2 ml was assumed. Our results, calculated on this basis, were -34 +/- 86 mmH2O and -9 +/- 86 mmH2O for 24 cases of SOM and 32 cases of atelectasis respectively. Like all previous measurements, there too show a large scatter. This is accounted for by two factors (i) the use of the average instead of the individual ear volume, (ii) actual fluctuation in middle ear aeration and therefore of pressure, pointing to the fact that underaeration is a functional disorder rather than an obstruction of the Eustachian tube. PMID- 7315256 TI - Middle ear pressure during brief pathological conditions of the nose and throat. AB - Middle ear ventilation was investigated by repeated tympanometry in different groups of patients with impaired air current in the upper airways. Among patients with total blocking of the nose by bilateral anterior packing, 46% had a negative pressure of -100 mm H2O or less, which quickly returned to normal after removal of the packing. Unilateral anterior packing produced no significant changes in middle ear ventilation. Unilateral posterior packing produced changes in 50% of ears, tonsillectomy in 60% of ears, amounting to a negative pressure of -100 mm H2O or less. Patients with infectious mononucleosis showed the poorest middle ear ventilation, 45% having pressure between -100 and -199, 45% between -200 and -350 mm H2O. Normalization of the pressure was very slow, but occurred in all cases after 2-4 weeks. The different pathogenetic possibilities, viz. direct occlusion of the tubal orifice, inflammatory mucosal reaction, insufficient swallowing, insufficient air current through the rhinopharynx, are discussed. PMID- 7315257 TI - The auditory subjective vertical as a function of body tilt. AB - A loudspeaker is moved from a position beside the subject to a position vertically above the subject's head. The subject's head is either in the normal upright position (= 0 degrees) or the head (and body) is tilted 30 degrees or 60 degrees to the left. The subject estimates the sound as vertical (=auditory subjective vertical, ASV) before it reaches the true above-head position. This results in differences between the ASV obtained from clockwise or counterclockwise movement (Fig. 1). The ASV changes with experimental time (Fig. 2). The data are discussed with respect to findings about the visually perceived SV. PMID- 7315258 TI - Efferent vestibular neurons. Electrophysiological evidence for axon collateralization to cristae ampullares in the pigeon (Columba livia). AB - Extracellular spikes were recorded under general anaesthesia from the cell bodies of efferent vestibular neurons located in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus of the pigeon. Discrete electrical stimuli, applied directly to the three ampullary nerve branches in one labyrinth and to the anterior ramus of the vestibular nerve trunk in the other labyrinth, evoked antidromic spikes which served to identify efferent neurons. Most cells could be antidromically driven only by stimuli to the vestibular nerve trunk (anterior ramus). The majority of cells exhibiting direct axonal connections to one individual semicircular canal crista ampullaris showed axon collateralization to one or two other cristae as well. Sixty percent of the efferent neurons responded with antidromic spikes to ipsilateral labyrinthine stimuli, 34% to contralateral stimuli, and 6% to both. Synaptic activation was observed in a few efferent and adjacent unidentified neurons. It is concluded that efferent neurons often send collaterals to various cristae in one labyrinth, and less frequently, to both labyrinths. Such projections are incompatible with the assumption that vestibular efferents provide a simple control mechanism which is related to the direction of head movement. PMID- 7315259 TI - [Quantitative findings on the morphology of the vestibular nerve in Meniere's disease]. AB - In vestibular nerves of patients without any inner ear disease and from patients who suffered from Meniere's disease, the number, diameter, and density of nerve fibres were determined in the whole nerve as well as in the different parts (pars superior and pars inferior). As regards normal values, the number of fibres in the whole nerve ranged between 17 097 and 23 088 (age group: 40-54 years). In nerves from Meniere patients the number of nerve fibres was diminished: in cases of 5-7 years of duration by about 13-37%; in cases of 15-21 years of duration, by about 73%. The persisting nerve fibres showed an increase in the number of thinner fibres, but occasionally also some very thick ones with giant myelin sheaths could be observed. The number and density of nerve fibres were appreciably diminished in the nervus ampullaris anterior, posterior, and nervus saccularis. The degenerative changes in Meniere's disease were more pronounced in the phylogenetically younger pars inferior with progression in the later stages of the disease. PMID- 7315260 TI - Follow-up vestibular examination in Meniere's disease. AB - A retrospective study was carried out on repeated audio-vestibular examinations in 53 patients with unilateral Meniere's disease, between the vertiginous spells. Most patients showed no change in the caloric response reduction of the afflicted ear in the subsequent tests compared with the first one. These patients had a comparatively long illness duration, a small percentage of fluctuations in the pure tone audiogram and mostly flat or falling type curves. A minority of patients showed an increase in or a fluctuating caloric test reduction. This group consists of patients with a short disease duration, mostly a fluctuating pure tone audiogram and rising or dome-shaped curves. The hearing loss and the caloric test reduction appear to deteriorate mainly in the first years of the disease. A certain parallelism between the course of vestibular and audiological damage seems to be present. PMID- 7315261 TI - The influence of target width on optokinetic nystagmus. AB - The influence of the width of the targets on optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was investigated over a range of 1/2 degree to 5 degrees, corresponding to a proportion between light and dark from 1:10 to 1:1. The width of the targets and the target speed showed a reciprocally modifying effect on the regularity of the optokinetic response. With a target speed of 20 degrees/sec the influence of the width of the targets was counterbalanced by the effect of the target speed. The width of the targets did not modify the eye velocity of the slow phase. The frequency of the OKN was positively correlated to the width of the targets. PMID- 7315262 TI - Scarpa's ganglion in the cat. AB - A quantitative analysis of characteristics of neurons in Scarpa's ganglion was performed with light and electron microscopy. Plotting the major axes of 340 neurons as a function of their nuclear diameters indicated that there are two types of cells: Large neurons with large nuclei and small ones with small nuclei. Small neurons have an excentric nucleus with indentations of the nuclear membrane. Large neurons have a spherical and central nucleus. Almost all cells are myelinated. Occasional unmyelinated cells or those surrounded by many myelin layers represent normal variations of large or small neurons. The inferior portion of the ganglion containing about one-third of the total number of neurons and innervating most of the saccular macula and the posterior crista has more than 10% small neurons. The superior portion of the ganglion with two-thirds of the total number of neurons and innervating the remaining sensory epithelia has about 5% small neurons. The significance of this observation concerning innervation patterns of vestibular sensory epithelia is discussed. PMID- 7315263 TI - Ultrastructure in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig following intraperitoneal injection of ethacrynic acid. AB - Following intraperitoneal injection of ethacrynic acid, progressive, mainly reversible changes occurred in the stria vascularis, affecting all three cell types and the capillary basal laminae. Both marginal and intermediate cells showed abnormalities early, at a time when EP was just beginning to decline. Progressive changes in marginal cells culminated in apical bulging followed by recession of the swelling and stretching of the cells concomitant with gross interstitial oedema. Marginal cell mitochondria showed damage and the transcellular tubule system was dilated. Intermediate cells also showed a progression of changes, culminating in a marked, but reversible, shrinkage. The time of appearance of severe strial derangement correlated with the time of maximal depression of EP. The ability of the stria to regain rapidly an almost normal morphology appeared to be due partly to the distribution and orientation of microtubules in marginal and intermediate cells preventing major disruption of stria vascularis architecture. PMID- 7315264 TI - Effect of glycerol on cochlea microcirculation. AB - Microcirculation in the cochlea of l2 normal anesthetized guinea pigs was investigated after intravenous infusion of 2.4 ml/kg of 40% glycerol. In these experiments endolymphatic PO2, blood pressure, cochlear microphonics, and endocochlear potentials were recorded. Administration of glycerol caused a significant increase in endocochlear PO2 for about 30 minutes. The improvement of hearing in patients with Meniere's disease is thus not only a result of the reduced hydrostatic pressure, as has been demonstrated by others, but may also be the result of vasodilatation, which improves microcirculation in the cochlea with resultant increases in endocochlear PO2. PMID- 7315265 TI - Deviation with increasing age in histologic appearance of submucosal glands in human eustachian tubes. AB - 74 tubal specimens from the temporal bones of 37 autopsy cases of various ages (8 fetuses, 12 children, 4 young adults, 36 middle-aged adults, and l4 elderly adults) were examined histologically to study the deviation with increasing age in the submucosal glands of Eustachian tube. The tubal glands consisted of acini (terminal secretory portions) and three duct systems (intercalated, striated and excretory ducts). Cytologically, they were of the mixed type with crescents. It was observed that the mucous acinar cells were predominant in children, as compared with the serous acinar cells. These latter increased prominently in middle age, accompanied by a decrease in the number of mucous cells. Among the elderly, both types of acinar cells decreased and tended to be atrophic. On the other hand, oncocytic changes of the ductal epithelia were discovered in the pharyngeal part of Eustachian tubes of subjects over 60 years old. These aging changes may play an important role in the pathophysiology of patency and excretory processes of the Eustachian tube. PMID- 7315266 TI - Effects of hypothyroidism on the structural development of the organ of Corti in the rat. AB - The structural development of the organ of Corti was studied in 30 rat pups rendered hypothyroid by daily administration of propylthiouracil during the first 35 days after birth. Cochlear changes were observed by light microscopy and electronmicroscopy. Hypothyroid rat pups were found to have severe abnormalities in the organ of Corti. There was an abnormally prolonged persistence of Kolliker's organ and striking distortion of the tectorial membrane. The sensory epithelium exhibited marked signs of immaturity: the tunnel of Corti has not opened yet in animals 35 days old, sensory and supporting cells presented immature characteristics with abnormal persistence of the kinocilium. It is suggested that hypothyroidism results in an overall retardation of the maturation of cochlear structures and ultrastructural changes that appear to be significant enough to account for the hearing loss. PMID- 7315267 TI - Eustachian tube function in normal children and adults. AB - Eustachian tubal function was studied in 85 otologically healthy children, 3-12 years of age. Middle ear pressure and muscular opening function was measured by tympanometry performed in a pressure chamber, and the results were compared with those obtained from 92 normal adults. Children were found to have a less good muscular opening function and more negative middle ear pressures within wider ranges, compared with adults. Improvement was also seen in children with increasing age. The results seemed to indicate a relation between muscular opening function and middle ear pressure. Even if it were possible to grade the muscular opening function by means of the test procedure, it would still not be possible to define what should be regarded as normal or abnormal tubal function. This report is the first in a series of tubal function studies in normal children. PMID- 7315268 TI - Atelectasis, retraction pockets and cholesteatoma. PMID- 7315269 TI - Insidious labyrinthine changes in otitis media. PMID- 7315270 TI - Breathing disorders in sleep associated with "microarousals' in patients with allergic rhinitis. AB - The influence of obstructed nasal passages was investigated in l4 patients with allergic rhinitis. Disordered breathing in sleep was found in all patients in the form of periodic breathing, and hypopneic and hyperpneic episodes, associated with characteristic "microarousals' from sleep. Patients had an average of 50 "microarousals' from sleep, ten times more than normal controls. It is suggested that increased upper airway resistance and increased nasal discharge are responsible for the disordered breathing in sleep and for the "microarousals'. PMID- 7315271 TI - Carcinoma in situ and severe dysplasia of the vocal cords. A clinicopathological and photometric investigation. PMID- 7315272 TI - Studies on human Laryngeal papilloma. Degeneration of lymphocytes within the neoplastic cells. AB - Biopsies from 5 cases of Juvenile Laryngeal Papilloma were studied by electron microscopy. In 2 cases, phagocytosed neutrophils were seen in various stages of degeneration and disintegration within the neoplastic cells. The possible phenomenon of "emperiopolesis' and "phagocytosis' in a benign neoplasm is described, and it is suggested that all cases of Juvenile Laryngeal Papilloma must be carefully examined by light- and electron microscopy in an attempt to locate any phagocytic activity in the neoplastic cells which may provide evidence for the early detection of malignancy. PMID- 7315273 TI - Effects of cryosurgery on the healing pattern of rabbit mandibular bone. A triple fluorochrome labelling study. AB - The reparative process of rabbit mandibular bone injured by cryosurgery was studied by a triple fluorochromic method. The regeneration started late, when compared with fracture healing, and reached its maximum some 4-8 weeks after cryosurgery. A normal distribution of fluorochromes was registered after l2 weeks. The regeneration occurred mainly through growth from the marrow cavity region where the cryogenic impact may have stimulated osteogenesis from surviving endosteum and bone marrow. The destroyed periosteum at the site of the probe-tip attachment did not regenerate, although new bone formation of periosteal origin was noticed at the border of the injured cortex. The general distribution of fluorochromes seemed to follow closely the autoradiographic image obtained using 99TcmMDP in a similar experiment, suggesting comparable ways of accumulation in bone tissue. PMID- 7315274 TI - [Chondroma of the larynx]. PMID- 7315275 TI - [Cilia and ciliary pathology. Electron microscopic aspects]. PMID- 7315276 TI - [Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus]. AB - A new case of aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus is presented. The symptoms were those of a chronic unilateral sinusitis, which did not respond to conventional treatment. The diagnosis was suspected at sinoscopy and subsequently confirmed by histo-pathological examination. A Caldwell-Luc operation was performed and proved curative. A review is made of the literature and the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the different forms of paranasal sinus aspergillosis are discussed. PMID- 7315277 TI - [Sleep-apnea syndrome]. PMID- 7315278 TI - [The temporomandibular pain-dysfunction syndrome in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 7315279 TI - [An unusual parotitis]. PMID- 7315280 TI - Nystagmus alternans. AB - Nystagmus alternans is a seldom observed spontaneous nystagmus. Nevertheless, we would like to draw the attention to it and advice to be aware of its possibility when interpreting ENG recording for positional nystagmus. We draw the attention to some points eliciting suspicion. Continuous recording during several minutes, without changing any influencing factor, is required. Nystagmus alternans is certainly a central nystagmus and so it is important to differentiate it from a positional nystagmus type I. It may be congenital or a result of a lesion in brain stem or cerebellum. The exact localisation still remains an open question. Its interference with vestibular test results is discussed. PMID- 7315281 TI - [A case of carotid aneurysm]. PMID- 7315282 TI - [Trigeminal trophic syndrome; clinical case]. PMID- 7315283 TI - Perhexiline and aphonia. PMID- 7315284 TI - [Our experience with anesthesia under induced hypotension in microsurgery of the ear]. PMID- 7315285 TI - [BERA (brainstem electric response audiometry) in pediatrics]. PMID- 7315286 TI - Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. I. Prevalence. AB - In an unselected series of Swedish school children born 1966-70, the prevalence of mild mental retardation, defined as an IQ of 50-70, was determined. A prevalence of 0.4% was revealed. The findings in this study, supported by recent IQ analyses in other Scandinavian countries, indicate that a true prevalence for the IQ range 50-70 was ascertained. The high average social standard and early social stimulation are put forth as a likely explanation for the low prevalence of mild mental retardation in Swedish preschool and school children. PMID- 7315287 TI - Mild mental retardation in Swedish school children. II. Etiologic and pathogenetic aspects. AB - The etiology and pathogenesis of mild mental retardation (MMR) (IQ 50--70) were analysed in an unselected series of 91 Swedish school children with this condition born 1966--70. The cause was considered to be prenatal in 23%, including 5% genetic, prenatal unknown in 10% and alcohol fetopathy in 8%. A perinatal cause--mainly asphyxia combined with fetal deprivation--was found in 18% and a postnatal in 2%. In 55% the cause was untraceable. Half of these latter children had close relatives with below-average intelligence. Exceptionally low birth weights and lengths were revealed among the 8% with alcohol fetopathy. Neurological abnormalities were found in 43% of the children, epilepsy in 12%, cerebral palsy in 9% and a clumsy child syndrome in 23%. Psychiatric disturbances were present in 31%.--The types and multitudes of predisposing background factors in MMR were compared with those in severe mental retardation and with those in the IQ group 71--75. The general conclusion is drawn that in Swedish school children negative pre- and perinatal factors are today responsible for a larger proportion of MMR than has previously been known. PMID- 7315288 TI - Nocturnal enuresis in a longitudinal perspective. A primary problem of maturity and/or a secondary environmental reaction? AB - The study is part of a prospective longitudinal investigation, involving annual somatic, psychological and social check-ups in a random sample of 212 children. Data are presented on the gradual achievement of bladder control, with relapses into wetting. Information is provided on relationships with training, with behavioural variables, with emotional maturity (Rorschach) and with sleep. It seems probable that primary enuresis usually ceases by the age of 8 at the latest and that enuresis in older children is a secondary emotional disorder which may, however, have started at an earlier age. The 6-year-old enuretic shows signs of delayed emotional maturity. The relation with somnambulism is ambiguous. Enuresis is not significantly related to training. None of the data obtained in this study conflict with the theory that primary enuresis is chiefly a maturity problem, the nature of which can be emotional. The neurophysiological aspect has not been investigated. PMID- 7315289 TI - The development of mammary secretory immunity in the human newborn. AB - Milk protein concentrations were determined either by radioimmunoassay (IgA and IgG) or single radial immunodiffusion (IgM, lactoferrin, albumin and lysozyme) in single or serial samples of neonatal milk (witch's milk) obtained from 33 healthy newborns (seven of whom were light for dates), four ill newborns following major surgery and four newborns suffering from one of a variety of infections. In addition, paired neonatal milk and heel prick blood samples were collected from seven newborns, and paired neonatal milk and maternal milk samples were collected from a further seven neonates and their respective mothers. The concentrations of secretory IgA (11S IgA) in neonatal milk, although 300-fold lower than the corresponding IgA concentrations in maternal milk, when compared with neonatal serum IgA concentrations, were consistent with local synthesis of IgA occurring in the neonatal mammary gland. Among the milk protein studies, on 11S IgA concentrations increased significantly after birth in neonatal milk, the rise being unrelated to the gestational age of the newborn. As an entero-mammary circulation of IgA precursor lymphocytes exists in adults, it is suggested that the entry of foreign antigens into the neonatal gut after birth may be an important factor influencing the development of neonatal secretory immunity. PMID- 7315290 TI - Effect of pasteurization and of freezing and thawing human milk on its triglyceride content. AB - In a study of human milk collected for banking, heating at 62.5 degrees C for 30 min, and freezing and thawing resulted in hydrolysis of triglycerides. Freezing and thawing caused disruption of fat globules and a greater hydrolysis of triglycerides than did the heating process. There was a decrease in the percentage of the poly-unsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) after freezing and thawing, and after heating, but the other fatty acids of human milk triglycerides were not affected. It is suggested that the availability of linoleic and linolenic acid in milk declines when these procedures are used in human milk banking. PMID- 7315291 TI - An association between retinopathy of prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants. AB - An association between cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants was investigated retrospectively. Newborns were studied who weighed less than or equal to 1500 g at birth, who were less than or equal to 32 weeks gestational age and appropriate by weight, and admitted in the first 24 hours of life to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity was made by retinal examination at approximately 4 weeks of age. Diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage was made by computerized tomography and clinical findings. A total of 138 infants were studied and divided into two groups: (A) birth weight less than or equal to 1000 g (31); (B) birth weight 1001--1500 g (107). There was a statistically significant association between cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage in both groups. There were no statistical differences between birth weight, gestational age, duration of oxygen therapy, highest oxygen concentration received, Apgar scores, incidence of hyaline membrane disease and patent ductus arteriosus between cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity and no retinopathy of prematurity patients in either group. This association may be an important consideration in the pathogenesis of both vascular diseases. PMID- 7315292 TI - Late evolution of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormones, calcitonin and plasma 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol concentrations in very low birthweight infants. AB - The plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-CC), immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcitonin (iCT) were measured at the age of 30 and 66 days in thirteen preterm neonates (birthweight: 970 to 1300 g). At the age of 30 days when all infants were fed only with breast milk (BM) serum iCT and iPTH levels were normal. During the second month 7 infants were fed with BM only (control group) and 6 infants were supplemented with formula (supplemented group). At the age of 66 days, mean +/- S.D. serum iPTH concentration was higher in the supplemented group than in the control group: 169 +/- 79 vs. 60 +/- 33 microliterEq/ml (p less than 0.01). Serum iCT levels remained undetectable (less than 150 pg/ml) in both groups. Plasma 25-OH-CC concentrations were normal and similar in both groups. Serum iPTH concentrations were positively correlated with phosphorus intake and negatively correlated with calcium intake from BM only. The results suggest that secondary hyperparathyroidism can be detected in very low birthweight infants supplemented with a formula, probably because of a phosphorus load or decreased intestinal absorption of calcium. PMID- 7315293 TI - Free fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides during the first 24 hours in infants with a birth weight less than or equal to 2700 grams. AB - The influence of birth weight and gestational age on the concentrations of free fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides during the first 24 hours of life were studied in 86 healthy newborn infants with BW less than or equal to 2700 g. Very low FFA values were found in the first 6 hours in infants with GA less than or equal to 34 weeks, whereas FFA increased from the second hour in infants with higher GA. All infants had peak values at 12 h. Significant correlations were found between FFA and GA, most pronounced in the second hour after birth. No differences were seen between AGA and SGA infants of similar GA. High glycerol concentrations were found from the second hour in all infants irrespective of GA and BW. Triglyceride concentrations 24 hours after birth were not influenced by GA or BW. Triglyceride concentrations 24 hours after birth were not influenced by GA or BW. The finding of intact lipolysis but low FFA releases in the first hours in infants with GA less than or equal to 34 weeks could not be explained by differences in rectal temperature, blood glucose or caloric intake. PMID- 7315294 TI - Plasma conjugated cholic acid in premature and term newborns and young infants. AB - Bile acid handling by neonates, both premature (Group I, mean gestational age 34.3 weeks; Group II, 36.6 weeks) and full-term (Group III, 40.2 weeks) and by 3 month-old infants (Group IV) was assessed by measuring plasma concentrations of conjugated cholic acid (CCA) before and at successive intervals after feeds. The prefeeding CCA concentrations were highest in Group I (log mean 8.2; range 1.8- 28.6 mumol/l) and lower in Groups II (7.5; 2.6--22.4 mumol/l), III (5.1; 2.1- 11.1 mumol/L), and IV (2.2; 0.5--6.1 mumol/l). The mean postprandial increments correlated with maturity: the rises for Groups I--IV were 3.7, 4.3, 1.0 and 0.7 mumol/l, respectively. Peak values were consistently reached at 30 min after the start of the feed, i.e. strikingly earlier than in older children and adults. After the peaks the return to prefeeding levels occurred rapidly in Groups II--Iv but more slowly in the most premature infants (Group I). The rapid postprandial rise may be due to many factors, e.g., passive jejunal absorption, immature hepatic clearing mechanisms, or rapid transit of bile acids to the ileum. Hence, measurements of postprandial plasma bile acids would appear ill-suited for detection of disturbed ileal function in young infants. The high concentrations in healthy newborns suggest that caution is necessary in interpreting plasma bile acid concentrations during the first few weeks of life, especially in premature infants. PMID- 7315295 TI - Changes in serum zinc concentrations of some Canadian full term and low birthweight infants from birth to six months. AB - Serum samples were collected from 99 infants at birth, and when they were 1, 3 and 6 months old. Thirty-seven were preterm infants with a mean birthweight of 1880 g and 26--36 wk gestation; 24 were full term low birthweight with a mean birthweight of 2371 g and 38--42 wk gestation; and 38 were full term normal birthweight infants with a mean birthweight of 3590 g and 38--42 wk gestation. Serum zinc concentrations were determined by instrumental neutron activation procedures. No significant differences in serum zinc levels were apparent between sexes or among the 3 groups. Levels were highest at birth and declined during the first 3 months. Between 3 and 6 months, serum zinc levels remained fairly constant, and were lower than reported levels for North American adults. It is concluded that the decline in serum zinc concentration in all three groups was not significantly correlated with birthweight or gestational age and the low birthweight infants in this study did not show any evidence of zinc deficiency. The general decline in serum zinc levels appeared to be associated with low dietary zinc intakes. PMID- 7315296 TI - Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity in the preterm neonate. AB - Rickets was diagnosed clinically and confirmed radiologically in a preterm infant at 12 weeks of age, who despite therapy with vitamin D died. Four preterm infants who were subsequently admitted to the nursery had their biochemistry followed serially as controls. All infants demonstrated a marked increase and then subsequent decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity; the peak value occurring near to what should have been gestationally term. The plasma alkaline phosphatase was of bony origin. Rickets was confirmed radiologically in only one of these four infants. Rising and markedly elevated plasma alkaline phosphatase activity appears to be common in this group of infants and may represent a physiological increase in osteoblastic activity and increasing bone mineralisation in what would have been the infants' 3rd trimester of pregnancy and immediate newborn period. PMID- 7315297 TI - Urinary 17-ketosteroids in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7315298 TI - Effect of feeding an infant formula with high energy density on gastric emptying in infants with congenital heart disease. AB - Gastric emptying of meals of standard infant formula and formula fortified with a glucose polymer (Caloreen) were compared in 7 infants with severe congenital heart disease aged 9 days to 5 months. A marker dilution technique was used in estimating gastric emptying. Gastric half-emptying times were significantly longer for meals containing Caloreen than for meals of standard infant formula. Although significantly smaller amount of meal containing Caloreen had left the stomach after 2 hours, the net transfer of energy to the intestine was larger than after feeding a standard meal. PMID- 7315299 TI - Gastric emptying in infants with congenital heart disease. AB - Gastric emptying of infant formula using a marker dilution technique was studied in 8 infants with congenital heart disease aged 1 week to 5 months. Six infants were in heart failure and 4 failed to grow. Gastric emptying followed a linear pattern in 5 and a biphasic pattern with an initial slow phase in 2 infants. The amounts of meal emptied after 1 and 2 hours, 14.7 and 31.0 ml per 0.1 m2 of body surface area, respectively, were significantly smaller than the corresponding amounts found in a group of healthy infants. PMID- 7315300 TI - A new chromosomal instability disorder: the Nijmegen breakage syndrome. AB - A 10-year-old boy with microcephaly, stunted growth, mental retardation, cafe-au lait spots and immunodeficiency is described. An older brother of the patient had the same clinical symptoms and a more severe immunodeficiency. Cytogenetic studies in the proband revealed a typical form of chromosome instability with multiple rearrangements of chromosomes 7 and 14. Such abnormalities were also present, though in very low frequencies, in the father and three of the phenotypically normal sibs. The similarity of the symptoms in the two sibs, the close consanguinity of their parents and the results of the cytogenetic studies in the family favour the hypothesis that the disorder is an inherited one. The clinical features and the chromosome aberrations as present in the proband are usually found in chromosomal breakage syndromes, but it was possible to exclude each of the classical chromosomal breakage syndromes on clinical and/or cytogenetic grounds. PMID- 7315301 TI - The syndrome of abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis, unusual facies, proportionate small stature and sensorineural deafness-mutism. PMID- 7315302 TI - Benign disacchariduria. PMID- 7315303 TI - Quantitative assessment of nutritional rickets by urinary phosphorus excretion. PMID- 7315304 TI - A re-investigation of an inherited chromosome aberration in a girl with signs of De Lange syndrome. AB - An earlier report in this journal (1968) dealt with an inherited chromosome aberration in a girl with signs of de Lange syndrome and her family. A translocation between a 13--15 and a 4--5 chromosome, with the unbalanced proposita having an additional segment from one end of a 13--15 chromosome was found. A 6--12 chromosome involvement could not be excluded. The mother and two phenotypically normal sisters had a balanced karyotype. With modern technique a more complex translocation has been found. A part of one chromosome no. 5 is translocated to one chromosome no. 9, a fragment of this chromosome is probably translocated to one chromosome no. 13, and a part of this one is translocated to the first-mentioned chromosome no. 5. The mother and sisters have this balanced chromosomal aberration. The proposita in addition has two normal chromosomes no. 13. Thus she has a partial trisomy of chromosome no. 13. Reinvestigation of older reports on chromosomal aberrations in risk families in order to achieve a more reliable diagnosis in phenotypically normal members of the same family is emphasized. PMID- 7315305 TI - Addison's disease associated with precocious sexual development in a boy. AB - An eleven-year-old boy was diagnosed to have Addison's disease with an ACTH level of over 4500 pg/ml after a short episode of fever and dehydration. From the age of 6 years his skin and buccal mucosa had been hyperpigmented but there were no other subjective complaints. The clinical examination also revealed signs of advanced puberty for his age (3rd--4th stage according to Tanner's criteria), with advanced bone age (13 years). The elevated levels of plasma testosterone and gonadotropins and their response to LH-RH stimulation were appropriate for his clinical stage of puberty and supported the diagnosis of true precocious puberty. It is proposed that the concomitant appearance of Addison's disease and precocious puberty is due to a "drift" phenomenon of LH-RH and/or gonadotropins following the prolonged elevation of ACTH secretion. PMID- 7315306 TI - An uncommon clinical sign in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. PMID- 7315307 TI - Recurrent abdominal pains as the first symptom of a spinal cord tumor. AB - Recurrent abdominal pains occur in about 11% of children. Of these about 8% have an organic etiology. That a spinal cord tumor, especially the intramedullary type, may present with abdominal pains as the initial symptom is unknown in paediatric circles. To highlight this problem two patients are reported. Early diagnosis is essential. The most important clues to a spinal cord tumor are pain, progressive paralysis, and a sensory level. In children with recurrent abdominal pains of unclear etiology the possibility of a spinal cord tumor must be kept in mind and lead to appropriate investigations. PMID- 7315308 TI - Morphological changes of myofibril in the carcinogenetic course of 20 methylcholanthrene-induced rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - In this study 20-methylcholanthrene (MC) was embedded in skeletal muscle tissue of mice. The resulting morphological changes were observed by light and electron microscope until the occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma. The injected region of the muscle tissue in which MC was embedded went through three stages: destruction and degeneration, repair and appearance of atypical cells. The morphologic figures of the myofibrils seen in the skeletal muscle cell during destruction and degeneration were similar to nonspecific. The muscle tissue then regenerated in the same manner as seen during experimentally induced muscle tissue regeneration in both humans and animals. Abnormal mitotic figures were found 60 to 70 days after the injection of MC. Immature muscle cells, with tuft-formed myofibrils present, underwent abnormal mitosis in which one of the nuclei divided. The rhabdomyosarcoma cells produced by this abnormal mitosis began to appear in the lesion 70 days after the initial embedding of MC. The rhabdomyosarcoma cells in the induced tumor formed undifferentiated myofibrils in various degrees of maturation, and were therefore considered to play a part in the abnormal myofibrillar formation. PMID- 7315309 TI - Mesangial bridges. A mode of progression in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. AB - Electron microscopic examination of the renal biopsy material obtained from a 35 year-old diabetic patient revealed subdivisions of glomerular capillaries into several branches by dendritic mesangial projections built between the mesangium and peripheral loop, a similar process which was described as mesangial bridges in a chronic phase of masugi nephritis. In comparison with those in experimental animals, mesangial bridges in the present case appeared rather solid with matrix formation, most presumably depending on long duration of the disease state in the diabetic patient. This process may represent a more complicated type of lesion invariably accompanying the nodule formation and is assumed to be an irreversible lesion ultimately undergoing segmental obliteration of glomerular capillaries. PMID- 7315310 TI - Two siblings, including a fetus, with Tay-Sachs disease. AB - This report consists of a morphological study on two siblings of Tay-Sachs disease. One is a girl of 3 years of age and the other is a 23-week fetus. In the first case, the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex showed histochemically abnormal accumulation of glycolipids and electron microscopically numerous membranous cytoplasmic bodies characteristic to gangliosidosis. In the fetal case, the nerve cells in the brain stem were well differentiated and here abnormal inclusions were found by histochemical study. The cortical neurons were immature in structure and inclusions were not demonstrated by histochemical study. In electron microscopic study, the cortical neurons also showed a small number of intracytoplasmic inclusions which contained electron dense granules and/or membranous structures. Causes of the differences in amount of abnormal lipid accumulation in the brain stem and the cerebral cortex were discussed. PMID- 7315311 TI - Electron microscopic study on mitochondria in Hurthle cell adenoma of thyroid. AB - In this investigation Hurthle cell adenoma of the thyroid was observed by electron microscopy. The cytoplasm of the cells consisted chiefly of an accumulation of numerous irregularly shaped mitochondria. Very few other organellae were observed. In addition electron microscopy revealed various degrees of electron density in the matrix of the mitochondria. When 3 dimensional models of the mitochondria were constructed, they revealed the mitochondria to have 3 dimentional forms which sometimes looked as if they might be dividing into two or three parts. The authors felt that this indicated a process of vigorous division of mitochondria and an extension of their life span. However, it was not possible to identify the cause of this division of mitochondria. PMID- 7315312 TI - Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas manifested as a splenic cyst. AB - The case of a 69-year-old man with a multicystic splenic tumor was reported. The tumor occupied about half of the spleen. It was composed of multiple cysts and histologically confirmed as a cystadenocarcinoma. Invasion was observed in the splenic flexure of the colon. A small portion of the pancreatic tail was also involved in the tumor. As to the histogenesis of this "splenic cystic tumor", two possible viewpoints, that is, a growth as a secondary metastasis of a cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreatic tail, and a development on the basis of an aberrant pancreatic tissue in the spleen, were proposed. Regardless of its histogenetical aspects, such a splenic lesion as the present case seems to occur extremely rarely, and only one instance similar to our case could be found in the literature. PMID- 7315313 TI - Confirmation of the development of multiple renal cell tumors in endstage/long term hemodialysis kidney revealed typical acquired cystic transformation. AB - Histopathological study of the endstage kidney in a 50-year-old male who died after intermittent maintainance hemodialysis for 10 years was reported. At autopsy, both kidneys were contracted and characterized by grossly visible discrete multiple cysts. Histopathological study of consecutive sections of both kidneys revealed that these cysts were distributed throughout a completely disorganized parenchyma and were composed of dysplastic epithelial cells of different types and of structures, some of which revealed neoplastic transformation. PMID- 7315314 TI - Ultrastructural observation of neonatal lungs with transmission electron microscope and freeze-fracture replication. AB - Nine neonatal and one child lungs in various conditions were examined with electron microscopy combined with thin section and freeze-fracture replication techniques in order to study mainly ultrastructural changes of lamellar inclusion bodies of type II alveolar cells. Lungs from neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and with bronchopneumonia showed occasional lamellar inclusions that were partially amorphous in thin section and granular and fragmentarily linear in freeze-fracture preparation. This change was considered to represent focal micelle formation of phospholipid lamellae. No specific morphological changes were noted in lungs of respiratory distress syndrome. In contrast, lungs from thanatophoric dwarfism showed ripple appearance of inclusion lamellae. This was considered to possibly represent unusual phospholipid compounds forming lamellae. Other interesting findings were also described. PMID- 7315315 TI - Dysplasia and reserve cell hyperplasia-like change in human esophagus. AB - The esophagus was totally examined in 264 autopsied cases and 61 operated cases, for a total of 325 cases, to clarify the histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Epithelial dysplasia of the mucosa was present in 27% and subclinical carcinoma was found in 2.4%. Hyperplasia of the duct of the esophageal gland proper was present in 34% and cysplasia of the ductal epithelium in 3%. Reserve cell hyperplasia-like change of the islet of the ectopic gastric mucosa was found in 4% and reserve cell hyperplasia-like change of the esophagogastric junction zone in 13%. Of the seven cases of microcarcinoma, two showed dysplasia and gradual transition and one presented dysplasia and abrupt transition. Another two were considered to have originated in the ductal epithelium. These findings suggested that they could all be the sites of origin of cancer development. PMID- 7315316 TI - Senile plaques and tangles in dialysis dementia. AB - The brains of 7 patients treated with hemodialysis were studied. Four of these patients had the dialysis encephalopathy syndrome (DES). Senile plaques and or neurofibrillary tangles were found in 5 of the 7 cases, 3 with and 2 without DES. One case of each group had plaques to an extent compatible with that in Alzheimer's disease, though of a different distribution. Neurofibrillary tangles were generally sparse. Plaques and tangles, both containing paired helical filaments, are the principal changes in Alzheimer's disease. Aluminum has been implicated as a possible etiologic agent behind the paired helical filaments in Alzheimer's disease, where raised cerebral aluminum contents have been demonstrated. Aluminum is known to be increased in the central nervous system also in DES, most likely as a consequence of procedures in connection with the hemodialysis. The finding of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in hemodialyzed patients, some of which have developed DES, may therefore support the theories concerning aluminum as an etiological agent for cerebral changes in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 7315317 TI - Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the bucca. PMID- 7315318 TI - Engulfment of erythrocytes by intestinocytes of the rat ileum. AB - The innervation of ileal mucosa of normal, unanaesthetized male Wistar rats was investigated electronmicroscopically. The presence of RBC inside intestinocytes was a secondary, but frequent observation in 4 of 20 rats. No sign of hemorrhage or trauma of the tissue was noted, and the rats had not been exposed to any known toxic agent. The study demonstrates that also intestinocytes have the capacity to engulf RBC, as many other types of epithelial cells. However, previous demonstration of RBC phagocytosis of epithelia was performed in tissues where hemorrhage had occurred for various reasons. In contrast, the rats of the present study were considered normal, although the influence of unknown agents cannot be ruled out. PMID- 7315319 TI - Renal pathology of fetuses with congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. 2. A qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study. PMID- 7315320 TI - Mucosal changes of the Billroth II resected stomach. A follow-up study of patients resected for duodenal ulcer,with special reference to gastritis, atypia and cancer. AB - In a follow-up study of a consecutive series of 1000 patients, who underwent Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer 22-30 years earlier, the mucosal changes of the gastric stump could be studied by endoscopy and biopsy in 196 cases. At the histological examination only 7.1% of the patients had a normal gastric mucosa: the remaining 92.9% had chronic atrophic gastritis., which was diffuse and most marked at the gastro-jejunostomy. In 7.1% of the cases the inflammation was accompanied by focal accumulation of lipophages. 12.2% had non-neoplastic polyp formation caused either by cystic glandular dilatation of the mucosa at the gastro-jejunostomy, eosinophilic granulomatous polyps or protrusion of the mucosa at the lesser curvature caused by invagination at the resection. 14.8% of the patients had epithelial atypia close to the anastomosis, but no cancers were found, and it is concluded that the presented results do not indicate a cancer prophylactic endoscopic screening of patients treated with Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7315321 TI - Metastases to the breast from extramammary carcinomas. AB - Metastases to the breast from extramammary carcinomas are rare. Only about 200 cases are reported in the literature. Fifteen additional cases are presented here and the literature is reviewed. Two of the patients has primary thyroid carcinoma, two adenocarcinoma of the colon, three bronchogenic carcinoma, four malignant melanoma, one a squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, one an adenocarcinoma of the stomach, one a renal cell carcinoma and one a carcinoid of the terminal ileum. In three cases the breast lesion was the first manifestation of an extramammary cancer. Six of the patients died of disseminated cancer shortly after the breast metastasis was diagnosed. Although breast metastasis may be suspected clinically, exact histological diagnosis is important in order to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment and to guide further therapy. PMID- 7315322 TI - A study of the value of resin-embedded semi-thin sections and electron microscopy in the diagnosis of renal biopsies. AB - Two hundred consecutive renal biopsies originally studied by light microscopy of paraffin- and semi-thin sections and electron microscopy were reviewed and re classified according to the proposed WHO classification for glomerular disease. The accuracy of diagnoses based on paraffin sections alone, and of those based on paraffin- and semi-thin sections were compared with the results of the final evaluation, when electron microscopy also was taken into account. Paraffin material showed a diagnostic accuracy of 59 per cent for glomerulonephritis, and 82 per cent for other renal diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of semi-thin sections was 61 per cent for glomerulonephritis and 76 per cent for other renal diseases; i.e. not improved. It is concluded that the study of semi-thin sections cannot replace electron microscopy in the diagnoses of renal biopsies. In the present study, electron microscopy altered the diagnoses in 34 per cent and yielded additional useful information in another 45 per cent of patients with glomerulonephritis. Therefore, the electron microscope should be employed routinely in the study of renal biopsies from this group of patients. PMID- 7315323 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in human breast cancer. Lack of association with oestrogen receptor content. AB - The correlation between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and different tumour characteristics was investigated in human breast cancer tissue. The enzyme activity was measured by a histochemical method and the oestrogen receptor content by a dextran-coated charcoal assay. The proliferative activity of the tumours correlated positively with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. No correlation was found between enzyme activity and tumour type and menopausal status, age, TNM-class nor oestrogen receptor content. Based on this investigation it is concluded that the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reflects the proliferative status of the tumour but not the hormone dependency of the tumour. PMID- 7315324 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the skin. Light microscopic and ultrastructural study of 4 cases. AB - A clinical, light and electron microscopic study of four patients with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia of the skin is presented. Light microscopically, the lesions were characterized by the small size and superficial location, the proliferation of mostly delicate vessels with prominent endothelial hyperplasia and cellular areas without distinct vessel structures, but with infiltrates of eosinophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Ultrastructurally, a marked proliferation of both endothelial cells and pericytes could be demonstrated and the solid cellular areas were shown to be composed of solid vascular buds. A multi-layered basal lamina was enclosing pericytes and external surfaces of endothelial cells. The differential diagnosis is discussed and it is emphasized that this lesion may be misinterpreted as angiosarcoma. PMID- 7315325 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissue. A correlative cytological and histological study of 11 cases. AB - Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissues is a well-defined and characteristic entity histologically but correlative cytomorphological studies are lacking. A correlative histological and cytological study of 11 cases is presented. The leiomyosarcomas were characterized histologically by elongated tumour cells arranged in bundles intersecting each other at wide angles. The nuclei were elongated and often blunt-ended, tending to be aligned in tandem-position or in rows. The smears from leiomyosarcoma were poor in tumour cells and most cells were arranged in clusters of strands. The characteristic blunt-ended cells and nuclei of leiomyosarcoma could be identified in the smears and the nuclei were focally arranged in rows and sometimes in parallel. Nuclear atypia permits diagnosis of malignancy, although the atypia was generally not very pronounced. We consider that a knowledge of the corresponding histological features is mandatory for differentiating cytologically between various soft tissue sarcomas, including leiomyosarcomas. Further correlative cytological and histological studies of other soft tissue sarcomas are necessary for a more valid interpretation of the smears from leiomyosarcomas. PMID- 7315327 TI - Carcinoma of the parathyroid gland. A light and electronmicroscopic study. AB - The morphological features of a functional parathyroid carcinoma in a 34-year-old female are presented. The case was unique in the high frequency of mitotic figures permitting a tentative diagnosis of malignancy already on frozen sections. The parathyroid nature of the lesion was established ultrastructurally by demonstration of secretory granules, glycogen particles and lipid material within the cytoplasm. Also noteworthy was the presence of annulate lamellae, denoting rapidly growing tissue. Few examples of this lesion are at hand, and ultrastructural studies which provide valuable information regarding the site of origin, have previously been recorded in only 6 publications. PMID- 7315326 TI - The antral gastrin-producing cells in duodenal ulcer patients. Study of the relationship between G-cell density, gastric acid secretion and fasting serum gastrin. AB - Examination of the antral G-cell density, acid secretion and fasting levels of serum-gastrin were carried out on 20 patients with prepyloric ulcer (within 2 cm of the pyloric ring) and 76 patients with duodenal bulb ulcer. No difference was found in respect to the G-cell density between the group of prepyloric and that with duodenal bulb ulcer, although a lower pentagastrin stimulated acid output and consequently a smaller parietal cell mass appeared to be present in the first group as compared to the second. No relationship was found in either group between fasting levels of serum-gastrin and G-cell density, suggesting that no constant relationship exists between G-cell density and activity under basal conditions. A positive relationship, although statistically insignificant (0.05 less than P less than 0.1) between peak acid output and G-cell density in patients with duodenal bulb ulcer, indicates that in these patients the parietal cell mass and G-cell density are interrelated. The present study could not confirm the entity of antral G-cell hyperplasia in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 7315328 TI - The effect of increased cardiac pressure load and volume load on the size of myocardial infarction following coronary artery occlusion. AB - The size of the myocardial infarction following standardized coronary artery occlusion was studied in rats with myocardial hypertrophy due to increased pressure load (aortic stenosis) and increased volume load (swimming exercise). The infarction was significantly smaller in the latter than in the former group. In normal control rats the infarction was larger than in the swimming-exercised rats and smaller than in the rats with aortic stenosis, but these differences were not statistically significant. The observations support the idea that the myocardial capillary neoformation previously shown to be induced by physical exercise may limit the infarction following coronary artery occlusion, whereas the absence of such a capillary reaction in pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy renders the myocardium more vulnerable, to damage by a coronary occlusion. The size and distribution of the infarction was highly variable as was the configuration of the infarction in the individual heart. For an accurate determination of the size of the infarction, serial sectioning of the whole heart is necessary, with a distance between the sections examined not exceeding 0.5 mm. PMID- 7315329 TI - Early reactions of the arterial wall, following mechanical trauma. A scanning and transmission electron microscopy study. AB - Endothelial injury has for a long time been suggested to be an important factor for the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, a superficial, circumferential, injury to the aortic intima was induced via a catheter covered with small stones, introduced into the femoral artery of rabbits. The immediate answer of the arterial wall and the formed elements of the blood was studied with combined scanning and transmission electron microscopy. De-endothelialization was noted and the denuded areas were almost immediately covered by platelets, spreading over the surface and releasing the contents of their granules by time. At some locations deeper injuries to the elastic laminae of the wall could be noted. Especially frequent around these areas, but also common all over the de endothelialized surface, leukocytes were seen. Both neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes could be found. A demarcation of the border of the injury was noted three days after catheterization. PMID- 7315330 TI - Raised blood pressure and endothelial cell injury in rabbit aorta. AB - The aim of this study was to examine whether raised blood pressure in rabbits was associated with increased aortic endothelial cell injury, compared to rabbits with normal blood pressure. In 25 randomly selected rabbits protruding aortic endothelial cells were quantified in scanning electron micrographs in standardized areas using a point-counting morphometric procedure. In thirteen animals a left renal artery stenosis was established; the other twelve were sham operated. One week after operation, raised blood pressure occurred in most of the former animals and in some of the sham-operated as well. The prevalence of protruding endothelial cells was significantly higher in animals with elevated blood pressure. A zero-order correlation analysis between endothelial cell injury and blood pressure showed significant association in all sampled areas. When stenosis-operation vs. sham-operation was correlated with blood pressure, significant correlation occurred in samples from the lesser curvature of the aortic arch only. A multiple linear regression analysis with endothelial cell injury as dependent variable and blood pressures (systolic, diastolic, pulse and average) and type of operation as predictors did not change the conclusions. In the lesser curvature of the aortic arch and in the area just distal to the intercostal artery orifices, a much higher increase of protruding endothelial cells was seen compared with the area between intercostal artery orifices on the same side. Mechanical forces of the blood stream and increased stretching of the intima may possibly be factors in causing the increased endothelial cell injury in raised blood pressure. PMID- 7315331 TI - Thyroid gland morphology after lithium treatment. PMID- 7315332 TI - Flow cytometric DNA analysis of anal canal epithelium and ano-rectal tumours. AB - Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on mucosal biopsies from the various epithelial types normally present in the anal canal, i.e. colo-rectal epithelium, ATZ-epithelium and squamous epithelium as well as from rectal and anal adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas of the anal canal. Normal colo-rectal mucosa show homogeneous cell populations with diploid DNA values, while adenocarcinomas contain diploid as well as aneuploid cell populations, regardless of location in the rectum or in the anal canal. The ATZ-epithelium shows a dominating normoploid population with a small "hyperdiploid" peak. Polyploid nuclei were not found. The findings indicate that the ATZ-epithelium is related to metaplastic epithelium rather than to urothelium. The variants of squamous carcinoma in this study were rather poorly differentiated, but the FCM-analysis showed a near diploid population with a high proliferative activity. The number of cases, however, is too small to be conclusive. PMID- 7315333 TI - Cardiac involvement in juvenile amaurotic idiocy--a specific heart muscle disorder. Histological findings in 13 autopsied patients. AB - Juvenile amaurotic idiocy (JAI) is a rare disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. It belongs to the so called ceroid lipofuscinoses and the central nervous system is the largest organ. Only very few reports refer to the accumulation of lipopigment in the heart of JAI patients. This study describes the morphology of the heart from all 13 patients with JAI in Denmark who died within a seven year period; electrocardiographic findings are related to structural changes. All compartments of the heart were involved, including the conduction system. Not only very substantial deposition of lipopigment was found in the myocytes, but we have also observed striking amounts of calcium and cholesterol compounds indicating a restrictive type of heart muscle disorder. These structural changes are uniform from case to case. Because of the nature of the disease only rather poor information of the cardiac state is available in JAI patients. 11 patients showed some cardiac enlargement. In 6 patients abnormal P waves were recorded in the ECG suggesting increased atrial and ventricular diastolic pressure. 2 patients had bradycardia, probably due to sinus node involvement, and one patient developed complete right bundle branch block. However, in the 4 patients in whom the cardiac conduction system could be examined histologically no evidence of disturbance of cardiac impulse formation and conduction was seen in the few standard ECG strips available in spite of extensive deposition of abnormal material throughout the conduction system. There seems to be a discrepancy between the relatively minor functional disturbances observed and the heavy morphological changes of the entire heart. This aspect, however, may well be altered by an intensified clinical observation and examination of JAI patients. PMID- 7315334 TI - The parenchymal cell mass in normal human parathyroid glands. AB - The parenchymal cell mass in parathyroid glands from 368 autopsy cases without apparent parathyroid or kidney disease was investigated. By measuring the glandular density with a density gradient technique and the glandular weight, the parenchymal to fat cell ratio and the weight of the parenchymal cell mass could be determined. The mean parathyroid parenchymal cell weight was calculated to be 22 mg and the maximal normal parenchymal cell weight 39 mg. The glandular weight was evidently dependent on the body constitution, as the fat tissue content of the glands was related to the amount of fat tissue in the body as a whole. The parenchymal cell weight was much less variable. Also, the amount of fat tissue in the parathyroid glands was positively correlated to the size of glands. Thus, the amount of fat cells within parathyroid glands seems less adequate as a histological criterion and the parenchymal cell weight should be of greater value in the histological diagnosis that the weight of the whole gland. The age-and-sex related variations of the parenchymal cell mass were slight and therefore a value of 39 mg may be considered an appropriate upper limit of the weight of this mass in parathyroid glands of adult persons. PMID- 7315335 TI - Tumours in Iceland. 4. Tumours of the upper respiratory tract and ear. A histological classification and some etiological and epidemiological considerations. AB - All primary tumours from the upper respiratory tract and ear submitted for a histological diagnosis in Iceland during the 20 years, 1955-1974, were reviewed and typed according to the World Health Organization Classification published in 1978. The series included 83 benign and 114 malignant tumours from the upper respiratory tract. The nasal cavity was the commonest site for benign tumours in both sexes, most being squamous cell and transitional papillomas. The larynx was the commonest site for malignant tumours in males, all being squamous cell carcinomas, and the paranasal sinuses and the nasopharynx in females, squamous cell carcinoma forming the largest group in the sinuses and undifferentiated carcinoma in the nasopharynx. The distribution of tumours in the nasal cavity and sinuses differed much between the two sites and between the sexes, which emphasizes that these two sites should be separated and not combined as they have been until recently in epidemiological reports and cancer registries. A relatively high incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Iceland may be due to a high consumption of salted food. A rising incidence of laryngeal carcinoma is believed to be related to the use of tobacco and alcohol and is of special concern owing to its marked rise in young females. PMID- 7315336 TI - Malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract. A histopathological review of 34 cases. AB - Thirty-four cases of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of gastro-intestinal origin were histopathologically reviewed employing Rapaport's (18) classification. The majority of the tumours, 25, were localized to the stomach. The rest of the lesions occurred with decreasing frequency throughout the gastro-intestinal tract, with the exception of 3 rectal cases. Thirty lymphomas displayed a purely diffuse pattern, 1 was purely nodular, and 3 were nodular with diffuse components. "Histiocytic" lymphoma was the commonest type, including 16 cases; poorly differentiated lymphocytic type next, with 10 cases. The histopathology of this series does not differ from those of comparable studies. PMID- 7315337 TI - Responsiveness of fetal rat brain cells to glia maturation factor during neoplastic transformation in cell culture. AB - The effect of partially purified extracts from adult pig brains containing a glia maturation protein factor (BE) has been investigated on neural cells during carcinogenesis. Pregnant BD IX-rats were given a single transplacental dose of the carcinogen ethylnitrosourea (EtNU) on the 18th day of gestation. The brains of the treated fetuses were transferred to cell culture and underwent neoplastic transformation with a characteristic sequence of phenotypic alterations which could be divided into five different stages. During the first 40 days after explantation (stage I & II) BE induced morphological differentiation of epitheloid neural cells into astrocytes. This occurred in carcinogen treated cells as well as in untreated control cultures. At the same time cells with astrocyte morphology showed accumulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) as tested by indirect immunofluorescence with monospecific antibodies against GFA. Thereafter, in the EtNU pre-treated cultures an increased number of cells with astrocyte morphology was seen, and BE further increased the number of cells with long cytoplasmic processes. Control cells were GFA negative, while some few strongly, as well as many weakly, positive cells were seen after treatment with BE (stage III). At the later stages of neoplastic transformation the effect of BE became gradually less, and in tumourigenic cells which occurred after about 200 300 days, only a slight morphological change took place in a few cell lines. No appreciable effect on GFA-content was seen any longer, although some few weakly GFA positive cells could be observed in all permanent cell lines. Fetal rat brain cells therefore seem to become less responsive to this differentiation inducer during neoplastic transformation in cell culture. PMID- 7315338 TI - Tumours in Iceland. 3. Malignant tumours of kidney. A histological classification. AB - Malignant tumours of the kidney occurring in Iceland during the year 1955-1974 were studied pathologically and typed histologically according to a classification proposed, but not yet published, by the World Health Organisation. Histological material was available from 89.2% and 84.0% of registered male and female patients respectively. Among males, renal cell carcinomas constituted 91.8%, transitional pelvic carcinomas 5.5% and nephroblastomas 2.7% of classified tumours. The corresponding figures for females were renal cell carcinomas 96.7%, transitional pelvic carcinomas 0.8%, and nephroblastomas 2.5%. The most frequent cell type of renal cell carcinoma group in both sexes was the combination of clear and granular cells, and the most frequent architecture was the combination of solid and tubular patterns. Renal cell carcinomas composed of pure granular cells were found in 22% of males and in 14% of females, and granular cells in combinations with all other cell types were also more common in males. In Iceland renal cell carcinoma is the fifth commonest malignant tumour in males and the tenth in females. The excess of granular cell tumours among males corresponds roughly to, and may account for, the sex difference in the frequency of renal cell carcinomas. PMID- 7315339 TI - Characteristics of 20 human Pasteurella isolates from animal bite wounds. AB - The bacteriological characteristics of 18 isolates of Pasteurella multocida and two isolates of Pasteurella pneumotropica from infected animal bite wounds have been studied. A high proportion (8/18) of the P. multocida isolates fermented lactose and five fermented maltose. Two failed to ferment sorbitol. Neither of the P. pneumotropica strains showed ornithine decarboxylase activity. Other biochemical characteristics were mainly in agreement with previous reports. The susceptibility of the isolates to 10 antibacterial agents has been determined by the disc diffusion method. Ampicillin, cephalothin and cotrimoxazole showed uniformly good activity whereas penicillin G and doxycycline were slightly less active. Apart from one horse bite, all bites were inflicted by cats and dogs. Two cases were serious. P. multocida seems to be a commoner occurrence in infected animal bite wounds than reports suggest. P. pneumotropica bite infections are seemingly uncommon. PMID- 7315340 TI - The importance of blood volume cultured on detection of bacteraemia. AB - The effect of culturing 2 and 5 ml of blood in 18 ml of supplemented peptone broth I (SPB I) and 45 ml of supplemented broth II (SPB II) respectively, was compared. A total of 204 isolates were recovered from 78 patients. There were 136 isolates recovered from both the 45 and the 18 ml tubes. 20 isolates from the 18 ml tube only and 48 isolates from the 45 ml tube only. Both Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were recovered more frequently from the 45 ml tube than from the 18 ml tube (p less than 0.05). From patients with two or more positive blood cultures the diagnosis of bacteraemia would not have been made in 5 out of 53 patients (9.4%) if only the small culture tube had been used. PMID- 7315341 TI - Infection with RS streptococci in pigs. AB - RS streptococci were isolated from pigs that died in an outbreak of septicemia and meningitis in a Danish herd of swine. Most of the affected pigs were 7-9 weeks old. Experimental inoculation of SPF pigs with a culture of the streptococci isolated from the brain of a pig that had died during the outbreak showed that the bacterium was pathogenic for pigs. Out of 35 8-15-week-old pigs inoculated, nine developed arthritis and one died in septicemia. At necropsy, four of the pigs were found to have endocarditis. Blood cultures from pigs with endocarditis were constantly positive throughout the experiment, i.e., until the pigs died 5-7 weeks after inoculation. In vivo loss of capsular antigen was observed. A human strain of R streptococci isolated from a case of septicemia was also shown to be pathogenic for pigs. PMID- 7315342 TI - Biochemical and serological properties of R, S, and RS streptococci. PMID- 7315343 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Denmark in 1979. AB - In 1979 seven gentamicin (G)-resistant (res.) Staphylococcus aureus strains caused epidemic episodes in eight Danish hospitals. Furthermore, a total of 37 resistant strains were isolated from separate incidents. All the G-res. strains were resistant to kanamycin, sisomicin and tobramycin, five to amikacin and two to cephalothin. None were resistant to netilmicin. Twelve out of the total of 44 strains were multiply-res. (resistant to penicillin, streptomycin and tetracyclines), and 10 of these were also resistant to methicillin (M). All phage groups/complexes were represented, group III by 13, and the 83A complex by seven strains. Multiply-res. strains, resistant to both M and G were all resistant to mercury, but sensitive to arsenate, whereas such strains resistant to either M or G usually have been found resistant to both metals. Twenty-three strains lost resistance to G upon storage, among them only one multiply-res. Loss of resistance did not influence the metal resistance pattern. From one patient only, the various isolates (nine) differed in respect to bacteriological properties. It was concluded, however, that they all were descendants of the same unstable strain. In the majority of the cases treatment with G had preceded isolation of the resistant strain. PMID- 7315344 TI - A polypeptide antigen from a strain of Staphylococcus simulans. 1. Purification and some chemical data. AB - A polypeptide antigen isolated from Staphylococcus simulans was shown mainly to contain alanine and aspartic acid in a molar ratio of 3:1. The circular dichroism spectre showed only positive ellipticities, and oxidation by D-amino acid oxidase showed the presence of D-alanine. 65 per cent of the alanine was present as the D isomer as estimated by gas-liquid chromatography. Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that the polymer sedimented as a homogeneous peak with an S20, W value of 2.8. PMID- 7315345 TI - A polypeptide antigen from a strain of Staphylococcus simulans. 2. Antigenic and biological properties. AB - A purified polypeptide antigen from Staphylococcus simulans CCM 2705 produced one precipitation line by double diffusion in agar with rabbit antiserum against homologous whole bacteria. The purified antigen did not induce antibody production in rabbits. However, when the antigen was complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin, antibodies with specificity against the polypeptide were produced. The antigen did not sensitize normal or tanned erythrocytes for agglutination in antiserum. The polypeptide antigen induced a primary skin reaction and was toxic for mice. It also induced production of MIF as demonstrated by the migration inhibition test. The polypeptide was found to be a leukotaxigen. No difference between C4 normal and C4 deficient serum was noted. C5 was found to be necessary for the induction of chemotaxis. PMID- 7315346 TI - Precipitating carbohydrate antigens of Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343. AB - An antigen fraction isolated by various forms of chromatography from phenol/water extracts of Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 was devoid of phosphorus, fatty acids and amino acids. Rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose and a neutral sugar tentatively identified as arabinose were present at molar ratios of 1:1:1.2:9.0.9:0.7. The fraction contained an unidentified reducing and ninhydrin positive substance and trace amounts of glucosamine and galactosamine. The antigen fraction produced three immunoelectrophoretic bands against NCTC 9343 antiserum, and reacted in complement fixation tests. PMID- 7315347 TI - Rieder cells in the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with viral meningo encephalomyelitis. A case report. AB - To the best of our knowledge, the presence of Rieder cells, as a possible expression of a cytopathogenic effect of virus infection in vivo, has not been reported previously. Rieder cells are radially segmented mononuclear cells and were demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a patient with a documented Coxsackie B virus meningo-encephalomyelitis. The Rieder cells were classified enzymatically as promonocytes. DNA-analysis of CSF showed some mitotic activity which, however, might be due to stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 7315348 TI - Septicaemia caused by Cardiobacterium hominis. A case report. AB - Septicaemia caused by Cardiobacterium hominis in a woman aged 67 is reported. She had been treated for metastatic adenocarcinoma for nine months with cytostatic drugs prior to the development of a fatal septicaemia. She had no known pre existing heart disease. Isolation and identification of the strain are discussed. PMID- 7315350 TI - A sensitive ELISA method for protein A detection. PMID- 7315351 TI - Radiation-resistance of micro-organisms from air in clean premises. PMID- 7315349 TI - Precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in serum from patients with staphylococcal septicaemia, investigated by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoretic methods. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was employed in the study of precipitating antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in sera from 46 patients with S. aureus septicaemia. The occurrence and titres of antibodies were compared to previously reported findings for normal persons. Ten infection-specific precipitins were detected. However, most of these precipitins were detected in low titres and could only be detected during convalescence. When antibodies against a single antigen were measured, titres above the normal level were found in 39.1% - 65.2% of the patients. When the total number of precipitins in each serum was compared to findings in serum from normal persons, 54.3% of the patients had a higher value. Most promising was the precipitin score, considering both the number of precipitins and their titres. This score showed an early rise and was increased above the normal level in 82.6% of the patients. The antibody response against individual S. aureus antigens varied from person to person both concerning titres and time course. PMID- 7315352 TI - Radiation-resistant micro-organisms isolated from textiles. AB - Towels from private homes and public offices and underwear contaminated by being used by employees at a public health laboratory were examined for occurrence of radiation-resistant bacteria and fungi. Three different methods were used for isolation of the most resistant organisms, one with multiplication of the microbial population prior to an irradiation used for selection, and two without this multiplication and with the organisms placed on membrane filters or in situ on the textiles, respectively. A total of 44 different strains were isolated. Differences in the three methods used for selection of the most radiation resistant microorganisms were not reflected in the results. 16 pigment-producing Gram-positive cocci, tentatively classified as Micrococcus radiodurans, were the most radiation-resistant and were isolated in about half of the examinations. Other Gram-positive cocci, non-spore forming rods, some Nocardia and Candida parapsilosis strains and two Bacillus strains constituted the rest of the collection. Wtih few exceptions dose-response curves for the strains were upward convex. D-6 values were determined to be between 1.5 megarad for the most radiation sensitive, a Candida, and 5.7 megarad for the most resistant,, tentatively classified as M. radiodurans. The D-6 values for the Bacillus strains were in both cases 1.8 megarad, consistent with a D-value of 0.3 megarad. The same resistance is reported to be the maximum resistance for B pumilus, strain E601, commonly used as reference strain in the literature on radiation sterilization of medical devices and supplies. PMID- 7315353 TI - Clumping of Staphylococcus aureus by human fibronectin. AB - Clumping of different staphylococci by fibronectin and other purified plasma proteins has been investigated. Purified fibronectin was capable of clumping Staphylococcus aureus strains in concentrations identical with concentrations of fibronectin in human plasma. S. epidermidis and S saprophyticus were not clumped by fibronectin. The binding of fibronectin to S. aureus was not mediated by protein-A, as a strain lacking protein-A clumped in the presence of fibronectin, and the presence of IgG could not inhibit the clumping of S. aureus strains. The fibronectin-binding component on the staphylococcal cell wall seems to be unrelated to the fibrinogen-binding clumping factor. PMID- 7315354 TI - Rubella IgG antibody detection by ELISA using capillary blood samples collected on filter paper and in microtainer tubes. AB - Rubella IgG antibodies determined by ELISA of capillary blood samples collected on filter paper and in Microtainer tubes. The results correlated well to those found in tests of venous blood samples. Capillary blood samples can be collected with little inconvenience and by relatively untrained personel. Such samples seem therefore especially suited for large scale screening for rubella antibodies. PMID- 7315355 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous bladder tumor cells in humans, investigated by use of a chromium-51 release assay. AB - A technique for isolation of a single cell suspension of viable tumor cells from bladder tumor biopsies is described. By application of the tumor cells as targets in a 51chromium release assay, the cytotoxicity of autologous lymphocytes was measured in 38 patients with transitional-cell tumors of the urinary bladder. The lymphocyte-medicated cytotoxicity was evaluated in relation to the histological grade and clinical stage of the bladder tumors. No significant correlations were found between the autologous cytotoxicity and the grade or stage of the bladder tumors. PMID- 7315356 TI - Different blood pressure response to DOCA-NaCl treatment in autoimmune and N,N'- diacetylbenzidine-induced nephropathies. AB - In order to explore the effect of immunologically-induced nephropathy versus a non-immunological model on development of hypertension, rats with either Heymann nephritis or N,N'-diacetylbenzidine (N,N'-DAB)-induced nephropathy were subjected to DOCA-NaCl treatment. Hypertension developed during DOCA-NaCl treatment in Heymann nephritic rats but not in rats wih N, N'-DAB nephropathy, despite similar degrees of proteinuria and other features of nephrosis. There were no signs of different fluid balance, either. Azotemia did not ensue. Histology and immunohistology showed membranous glomerulonephritis in Heymann nephritic rats whereas glomerular epithelial cell alterations without immune deposits along the glomerular capillary walls were seen in rats with N, N'-DAB nephropathy. The type of renal damage or factors mediating such damage appear to be important determinants for the hypertensive response of Heymann nephritic rats to DOCA-NaCl treatment. PMID- 7315357 TI - Isolation and characterization of Fc gamma receptors from human placenta. AB - Placental extract was prepared with Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4 containing EDTA and 2 mercaptoethanol. It agglutinated erythrocytes (E) sensitized with subagglutinating amounts of IgG antibodies from rabbits, guinea pigs and mice, but not E sensitized with IgG from chickens. E or E sensitized with F(ab)2 or IgM antibodies were not agglutinated. The agglutination of EA by the extract was inhibited by human, rabbit and guinea pig IgG, but not by bovine and porcine IgG. Aggregated IgG was more inhibitory than monomeric IgG. IgG3 was the most effective subclass. The extract inhibited the formation of EA rosettes with human mononuclear cells, but did not influence the formation of E or EAC rosettes. The significance of the disulfide bonds and the C gamma 3 and C gamma 2 regions was implied by the finding that the extract neither agglutinated E sensitized with preparations of mildly reduced and alkylated IgG, nor with Facb fragments. These preparations did not inhibit the agglutination. The results strongly indicated that the active component was solubilized placental Fc receptor (FcR). Functionally active FcR was purified by affinity chromatography using aggregated human IgG coupled to Sepharose 4B. SDS-PAGE if the purified FcR under reducing conditions showed one distance band corresponding to approx. 47,000 daltons. The band neither consisted o Ig fragments nor Clq. A rabbit antiserum against the FcR inhibited the agglutination of EA by the extract and stained th FcR-positive areas in placenta. PMID- 7315358 TI - Inhibitory effect on tumour colony formation of mouse serum associated with tumour resistance in vivo in semi syngeneic mice. AB - Differences in tumour susceptibility between strains of mice (C57Bl/6 and C57Bl/6 X DBA/2 = B6D2F1) could be demonstrated for several tumours of C57Bl origin, both solid tumours (B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma) and lymphomas (RBL-5, 136-3 and ALC). Serum from mice with high tumour resistance in vivo (B6D2F1) showed an inhibitory effect on tumour colony formation in a soft agar colony assay. Serum from mice with lower tumour resistance (C57Bl/6) had no effect. When other F1 hybrids of C57Bl/6 parental origin were tested, the same correlation between in vitro inhibition of tumour colony formation and in vivo susceptibility was found. The serum factor was species non-specific, since the activity was expressed against in vitro grown cell lines of human origin. The tumour colony inhibitory activity was heat sensitive (56 degrees C for 30 minutes), precipitable by (NH4)2SO4, and not removed by adsorption on tumour cells. These results demonstrate the existance of a naturally-occurring humoral tumerostatic factor(s) which correlates to in vivo susceptibility to tumour cells. Its relationship to NK cell activity is discussed. PMID- 7315359 TI - Cellular and humoral in vitro cytotoxicity against autologous bladder tumor cells in humans. Differences in autologous cytotoxicity against non-invasive and invasive transitional-cell tumors of the urinary bladder. AB - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) were measured in a 51Cr assay against autologous tumor cells from 7 patients with non-invasive and 9 patients with invasive transitional-cell tumors of the urinary bladder (TCC). Cytotoxicity against the invasive tumor cells were demonstrated in CDC. Heat inactivation of sera lead to complete loss of cytotoxicity while addition of allogenic serum restored cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of allogenic sera from controls against invasive tumor targets showed no differences when compared with autologous sera. No or very weak cytotoxicity was found against non-invasive tumor targets in autologous or allogenic assays. LMC and ADCC showed weak or no reactivities. Intensive wash or trypsinization of effector cells did not affect the cytotoxicity in LMC. The results indicate the occurrence of complement dependent antibodies directed against target cells from invasive tumors of the urinary bladder while no cytotoxic responses were detectable when the target cells originated from non-invasive tumors. PMID- 7315360 TI - A morphometrical method for analyzing germinal centers in the chicken spleen. AB - A morphometric method for the analysis of the germinal centers in the chicken spleen is presented. Based on counts in the two-dimensional tissue sections, the following three-dimensional germinal center characteristics were calculated: volume density (VVgc); numerical density (NVgc); total number in the spleen (Ngcsp); nearest neighbour distance (delta 3), and mean diameter (D). The total number of the germinal centers in the spleen of the six-week-old and the ten-week old unimmunized chickens was 803 and 642, respectively. The mean diameter of the germinal centers was 102-108 micrometer, but its size distribution ranged from 50 to 175 micrometer. PMID- 7315361 TI - Complement-dependent in vitro cytotoxicity against autologous invasive bladder tumor cells in humans. Evaluation of the possible role of naturally-occurring antibodies in complement-dependent cytotoxicity. AB - Complement-dependent serum-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) was measured in a 51 chromium release assay against autologous tumor cells from 7 non-invasive and 9 invasive transitional-cell tumors of the urinary bladder. CDC was demonstrated against tumor cells from invasive tumors. Heat-inactivation of autologous sera lead to complete loss of cytotoxicity. There were no differences in CDC of autologous sera from patients and allogenic sera from controls. The cytotoxic response seems to be strongly dependent on the target cell. CDC was significantly reduced by use of an allogenic C 2 deficient serum. Direct immunofluorescence did not reveal any tumor cell associated immunoglobulins of IgG or IgM classes. Indirect immunofluorescence with autologous heat-inactivated sera demonstrated in most cases both IgG and IgM attachment to the tumor cells, but there were no obvious relations between indirect immunofluorescence and CDC. Absorption of allogenic sera to trypsin- or neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes did not affect CDC of these sera against invasive tumor targets. The results indicate a complement-dependent cytotoxicity against target cells from invasive bladder tumors. Complement seems to be activated through the classical pathway, but the possible role of naturally-occurring antibodies against invasive tumor targets is not clarified. PMID- 7315362 TI - Lymphocyte blast transformation and antibody responses after vaccination with inactivated mumps virus vaccine. AB - Mumps antibody response and the development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to mumps antigen as assayed by the lymphocyte blast transformation method were studied after immunization with an inactivated mumps vaccine in seven sero negative and ten sero-positive subjects. The transformation response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mumps antigen generally appeared by 20 weeks post vaccination and reached levels found in sero-positive subjects years after mumps infection. There was no clear-cut correlation between the magnitude of blast transformation and antibody responses. PMID- 7315363 TI - Localization of the C3b receptors in human renal glomeruli. AB - Cryostat sections of human kidney were incubated with C3b containing immune complexes. The complexes were horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit IgG anti-HRP incubated in C4-deficient guinea pig serum. The peroxidase activity was revealed histochemically. The sections were studied using light and electron microscopy. The bound complexes were localized to the foot processes of the visceral epithelial cells and to the surface of the parietal epithelial cells facing Bowman's space. No receptors could be demonstrated on the endothelial or mesangial cells. PMID- 7315364 TI - Red blood cells coated with tumor cell extracts as targets in 51Cr release assays. AB - Sheep red-blood cells were coated with tumor cell antigens prepared by extractions with 3M KCl. The coated cells were labelled with 51Cr and used as targets in immuno-assays. The technique was found suitable for complement mediated as well as antibody-dependent cell-mediated reactions, and it offers several applications for use in tumor immunology. PMID- 7315365 TI - Growth inhibitory effect of mouse serum on eukaryotic cells in a micro assay. AB - Inhibition of cell growth by B6D2F1 (C57Bl/6 X DBA/2) mouse serum in tissue culture wells confirming previous findings in the soft agar tumour colony assay is reported. The assay was time saving, more sensitive, and the amount of mouse serum used could in each experiment be reduced by 95%. In addition non-neoplastic cells ordinarily not forming colonies in the soft agar assay could be tested. Such cells were less sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect when compared to neoplastic cells. PMID- 7315366 TI - Quantitative determination of adriamycin and daunorubicin-handling of blood and plasma samples. PMID- 7315367 TI - 3-(125I) Iodo-5-cholestene: rationale for its development as a potential adrenal scanning agent. PMID- 7315368 TI - Comparison of lidocaine release from Pluronic F-127 gels and other formulations. PMID- 7315369 TI - Acetylene compounds of potential pharmacological value. XXXIV. 4-tert-Amino-2 butynoic acid amides. PMID- 7315370 TI - Stability of fluoride solutions in glass and plastic containers. PMID- 7315372 TI - Vitamin D preparations up-to-date. PMID- 7315371 TI - Binding of xanthine derivatives to human serum albumin as a function of pH. PMID- 7315373 TI - Characterization of anisotropic elastic properties of the arteries by exponential and polynomial strain energy functions. AB - Three-dimensional quasi-static mechanical measurements were carried out on cylindrical segments of the dog carotid and iliac arteries for determination of the passive anisotropic elastic properties of the vessel wall. On the basis of passive characteristics of outer diameter vs. intraluminal pressure, and axial extending force vs. intraluminal pressure, picked up at various fixed initial vascular length values, the incremental Young moduli and poisson ratios of the vessel wall were calculated in the 0--33 kPa (0--250 mm Hg) pressure range. The strain energy function of the arteries was approximated by polynomial and exponential models. We found that an exponential energy function with 4 parameters gives more accurate results than the 7- or 12-parameter polynomial functions. According to the results the axial modulus reaches higher values than the tangential and radial moduli at a low tangential stretch level, while at high tangential stretch the tangential modulus is the highest in both carotid and iliac arteries. After elevation of the initial tangential stretch the increase in the tangential modulus is the most pronounced, while the values of radial and axial moduli increased less. A change in the initial axial stretch influences the axial and radial moduli to a similar extent, but has no substantial effect on the value of the tangential modulus. The values of corresponding poisson ratios depend in a similar way on the initial deformation state. The different behaviour of the two Poisson ratios characterizing the mechanical coupling between tangential and axial directions, indicates that the structural coupling between the two main directions is asymmetrical. It is assumed that this property of the passive vascular structure can be explained by the network arrangement of collagen fibres in the vessel wall. PMID- 7315374 TI - Renorenal vasomotor reflex. AB - The acetylcholine induced contralateral renorenal vasomotor reflex has been re examined. In dogs under pentobarbital anaesthesia blood flow of the contralateral kidney as measured by electromagnetic flow probe did not change after an infusion or bolus injection of Ach. Basal sympathetic nervous activity of the contralateral kidney increased only slightly and these changes correlated with the decrease of arterial blood pressure. In conclusion, the renorenal vasomotor reflex could not be evoked under the present experimental conditions. PMID- 7315375 TI - Effect of renal denervation on free flow proximal tubular potential difference in the rat. AB - Proximal transtubular potential difference (PD) was measured using the semi microelectrode technique in control (C, n = 10) and unilaterally denervated (D, n = 10) rats. Acute renal sympathectomy resulted in a twofold and fourfold increase in diuresis and sodium excretion, respectively, with no change in GFR. PD (mean +/- S.E.M.) in the earliest accessible proximal convolutions (EPT) of group C was +/- 0.27 +/- 0.08 mV (n = 16), while in group D it was -0.16 +/- 0.07 mV (n = 18) (p less than 0.01). PD in mid (MPT) and late (LPT) proximal segments was unchanged by denervation (MPT: C = 0.94 +/- 0.05, n = 21; D = 0.98 +/- 0.04, n = ns. LPT: C = 1.04 +/- 0.11, n = 17; D = 0.95 +/- 0.06, n = 18 NS.). The shift to the negative of PD in EPT caused by denervation lends support to our earlier suggestion that active transport of solutes and organic substances is depressed by sympathectomy in the proximal tubule. The unaltered PD in MPT and LPT seems to indicate that passive forces promoting reabsorption in this part of the nephron are probably preserved. PMID- 7315376 TI - Effect of cholecystokinin antiserum on the brain monoamine content in rats. AB - The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) antiserum )specific for COOH-terminal four amino acids) of CCK were tested in three dilutions on the dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) contents of the hypothalamus, amygdala, septum, striatum and cerebral cortex in rats 24 h following application. CCK antiserum decreased the DA and NE contents in the hypothalamus, mesencephalon, amygdala and septum, while it increased the DA content and decreased the NE content of the striatum. It had a slight effect on the 5-HT contents of the amygdala, septum and striatum. PMID- 7315377 TI - Modified method for direct long-term measurement of aortic pressure in the rabbit. AB - A modification of the method of BROOKS and MUIRHEAD [2] for long-term measurement of aortic pressure in rabbits is presented. The original abdominal surgical approach is replaced by a flank extraperitoneal incision and the construction of the catheter is simplified and adapted to the new surgical procedure. The preparation and implantation of the catheter as well as the pressure recording technique are described. Using the modified catheter pulsatile and mean aortic pressure could be measured in conscious rabbits several months. Owing to the flank approach, surgical trauma and the risk of intra-abdominal infection could be minimized. On the other hand, this technique allowed simultaneous extraperitoneal procedures involving the aorta and kidney, permitting more complex haemodynamic studies. PMID- 7315378 TI - Pharmacological basis of dosage form of two antimalarials: chloroquine and mepacrine. AB - Chloroquine and mepacrine appear in the stomach wall and inhibit gastric emptying in the rat after oral or parenteral administration. Measuring their concentration in the stomach wall, it was found that it depended upon on the route of application. A smaller proportion of a given dose accumulated in the stomach wall when chloroquine and mepacrine were introduced by avoiding the stomach. The side effect of the two drugs, the inhibition of gastric motility, could be minimized by not only parenteral but also duodenal administration; the latter could be realized by enteric-coated tablets. PMID- 7315379 TI - Visio-motor prediction of collision. AB - Visually presented moving stimuli were used in a collision prediction experiment aimed at revealing the ability of human subjects to estimate the velocity of motion. Spatial extent, velocity and exposure duration of movement were varied so that the correlation between these characteristics of the stimuli was low (about 0.5). The moving stimulus disappeared at a certain place on the screen. By pressing a button the subject had to estimate the moment the stimulus would reach a target in the visual field. A linear dependence between estimated and actual duration of concealed motion was obtained. It is concluded that spatial extent and duration of motion do not influence the performance of the task. Velocity estimation and individual characteristics of the mechanisms controlling the motor response are supposed to determine the linear dependences obtained for all subjects tested. PMID- 7315380 TI - Methods for intramodal and cross-modal investigation of rhythms (temporal patterns) in audition, vision and touch. AB - An easy and convenient way of instrumental programming and presentation of rhythms (temporal patterns) composed of supershort physical stimulus-markers delimiting empty short and long intervals is described. Patterns are presented by auditory (clicks), visual (flashes), and tactual (mechanical taps) stimulations. Methods for intramodal and cross-modal investigations of rhythm discrimination, as well as rhythm classification (by a structural, "topological" identity matching of patterns) in a "same-different" paradigm are worked out. Methods for investigation of reproduction of homomodal single rhythms perceived auditory, visually or tactually, and of heteromodal (composed of two-modality stimuli) single rhythms are also made up. Finally, a method for bilateral simultaneous perception of two different rhythm patterns via each of the three modalities (dichotically, or through the left and right visual hemi-fields, or through both hands) is described. PMID- 7315381 TI - Changes in the character of the postsynaptic potentials of the fundic smooth muscle cells after functional loading. AB - The electrical activity of the smooth-muscle cells of the intact fundus led off intracellularly by glass microelectrodes with a resistance of 30 to 50 M omega was characterized by slow sinusoidal waves with a frequency of 1 to 2 cpm and an amplitude of 5 to 8 mV. They preceded low-amplitude contractile waves. The membrane potential was 29 +/- 9.83 mV. The resection of 2/3 of the stomach resulted in an increase of the frequency of slow waves--about 4 cpm and of their amplitude--from 12 to 25 mV. The membrane potential became 41.25 +/- 10.59 mV. The slow waves of the fundus after resection had the shape of action potentials type plateau. The contractile waves had a high amplitude and occurred in the same rhythm. The smooth-muscle cells of the intact fundus responded to transmural stimulation mainly with a hyperpolarization, while the smooth-muscle cells of the fundus after resection of the stomach--with depolarization and contraction of the muscle strip. It is concluded that the functional loading leads to deep changes in the pattern of the electrical and contractile activities of the gastric remnant. PMID- 7315382 TI - Influence of morphine and haloperidol on the bioelectrical activity of n. raphe, n. caudatus, s. nigra and the visual cortex of cats. AB - The changes in the bioelectrical activity of n. raphe dorsalis (RD), s. nigra (SN), n. caudatus (NC) and the visual cortex (VC), induced by administration of morphinee, haloperidol, and morphine after pretreatment with haloperidol, were studied in acute experiments on 18 cats. Morphine caused changes in RD and NC, characteristic of increased excitability (increase in the amplitude and frequency of the spontaneous EEG-activity, improved assimilation upon light stimulation, higher amplitudes of the evoked potential). These phenomena were most marked until the 30th min, then they gradually decreased. In SN the bioelectrical activity was inhibited. After the initial changes suggesting inhibition, excitation phenomena occurred in the visual cortex after the 30th min. Haloperidol in SN caused changes characteristic of excitation, while in NC and VC -of inhibition. After pretreatment with haloperidol, morphine prevented its effects in all structures studied. The authors assume that the EEG-effects of morphin are conditioned both by its direct action on the serotoninergic neurones in RD and by the changes in the relationships between serotoninergic and dopaminergic neurones in RD, SN and NC. PMID- 7315383 TI - Ultrastructural changes in myenteric ganglia in gastro-intestinal sphincters of cat and rat after chemical sympathectomy. AB - Electronmicroscopic studies are made of the myenteric ganglia from the lower esophageal, pyloric and ileo-caecal sphincters of cats and rats after intravenous injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The changes occur as early as the 30th min after treatment and comprise the adrenergic varicosities in all three sphincters studied. The destructive process develops very quickly and on the 4th hour it comprises all adrenergic varicosities. Later during the study there occur degenerative changes along the axons as well. Although each stage in the study is characterized by predomination of a certain change, there is some asynchronousness in the changes. The changes are characteristic of the adrenergic varicosities in the myenteric ganglia of all three sphincters, but there is a difference in the dynamics and extent of the damage. PMID- 7315384 TI - Automated analysis of circadian rhythms when data are collected at intervals. AB - The subject of consideration is circadian rhythmicity studied on the grounds of data collected at intervals. Such are the cases of food and water intake, urine and electrolytes excretion and so on. The problem for determining the parameters of the circadian rhythmicity and their statistic estimation by dispersion analysis is discussed in details. The proposed method allows to calculate the parameters of the circadian rhythmicity for both the individual members and the whole group (mesor, amplitude, phase) and also the parameters of the population through the partial dispersion. A programme for a computer is developed on the grounds of the adduced mathematical apparatus. PMID- 7315385 TI - Simultaneous study of the circadian rhythms of food intake, water intake and renal excretion and analysis of their interrelations in rats. AB - The circadian rhythms of food intake, water intake and urine and electrolyte excretion were studied simultaneously at 4-hour intervals in male Wistar rats. The animals were housed individually in metabolism cages at constant conditions: temperature 22 +/- 2 degrees C, humidity 60 +/- 10%, light regime at 12 hours light and 12 hours dark. The results were processed using a method for automated analysis of circadian rhythms, which permitted the interpretation of the rhythms both for experimental group and for the population. It was established that the circadian rhythms under consideration had the following time sequence: food intake, water intake, potassium, sodium, chlorides excretion. It was demonstrated that the sinusoidal approximation of the data for food and water intakes was not quite appropriate, since the experimental data showed two maxima during the dark period. PMID- 7315386 TI - Influence of the visual feedback for some parameters of the body oscillations on their stability. AB - In accordance with the hypothesis that in addition to the generalized information from the visual feedback about the body oscillations, the information from the different parameters of the oscillations may also play a stabilizing role for the vertical posture of the body and its balance, studies were carried out on the influence of the parameters of body position, velocity of the body oscillations and accelerations on body stability. The results have shown that the visual feedback about the position of the body and about the velocity of the oscillations leads to stabilization of its balance. Visual feedback about the accelerations of the body oscillations also has a stabilizing action on the vertical posture and equilibrium. Its influence did not prove greater than the visual feedback about the velocity of body oscillations. Repeated recordings of the body oscillations under the experimental conditions manifested a slight initial training effect, expressed in a decrease of the total way of the body oscillations. PMID- 7315387 TI - Localization of brief light stimuli on differently labelled reference patterns during smooth eye tracking. AB - Experiments are reported in which the mislocation of brief visual stimuli during tracking eye movements was measured in respect to three kinds of reference patterns placed in the horizontal plane--A) a scale with numbered divisions, B) a bar consisting of seven differently hatched regions; and C) two single markings, the distance between them being equal to the length of patterns A and B. A mislocation of a magnitude up to 2 degrees was obtained in all experiments. The mislocation on reference patterns A and C was the same, the presence of numbered markings did not influence it. The mislocation magnitude tended to decrease when reference pattern B was applied. Conclusion was made that clearly labelled structures near the place of stimulus presentation were a visual cue which affects localization; a scale with identical numbered markings, despite their proximity to the test stimulus, was not a structure of this type. PMID- 7315388 TI - Effect of histamine on smooth-muscle contractions induced by noradrenaline and acetylcholine. AB - The effects of different histamine concentrations (1 X 10(-6) to 1 X 10(-4)M) on the contractile effects of noradrenaline and acetylcholine are studied on isolated smooth-muscle preparations from rats. Histamine, applied in concentrations of 1 X 10(-5)M and 1 X 10(-4)M, markedly potentiates the contractile effects of the lower concentrations of acetylcholine on the anococcygeal muscle, without essentially changing the maximum contractions induced by it. Histamine reduces 6.5-31.6 times the acetylcholine concentrations causing 50 per cent of the maximal contractions of this smooth-muscle preparation. Application of histamine on anococcygeal muscle decreases contractile responses to noradrenaline. A dependence is found between the histamine concentration used and the shift to the right of the curve "log concentration-effect" for noradrenaline. Histamine increases 2.6 to 16.2 times the noradrenaline concentrations needed for inducing 50 per cent of the maximum contractile response of the anococcygeal muscle. The interaction between noradrenaline and histamine on this smooth-muscle preparation is not competitive. Histamine in the concentrations applied does not influence the contractile effects of noradrenaline on vas deferens and of acetylcholine on tracheal smooth muscle preparation. In rat anococcygeal muscle histamine most probably influences the contractile effects of noradrenaline and acetylcholine through allosteric interaction with their receptors. PMID- 7315389 TI - Effect of ischaemia on the potentials of human single muscle fibres. AB - The changes in the parameters of the extracellular potentials of single muscle fibres are studied during ischaemia. These changes have two phases, preceded in part of the cases by a transient phase. The decrease in the propagation velocity (V) of the excitation predominates in the first phase, therefore, the length of the depolarized area (b) is shortened. The shortening of b, directly demonstrated by VEMG, conditions an increase in the peak-to-peak amplitude of the potentials (Ap) and of its components: the amplitude of the initial positive phase (A1) and the amplitude of the negative phase (Ad). During the second phase there is predominance of the lengthening of the time for depolarization (TD), as well as the time for fast repolarization (TR). This is manifested in elongation of the times for increase and decrease of the negative phase, accompanied by an increase in the times for increase and for decrease of the initial positive phase. The increase in b, proved directly by the changes in VEMG, results from the longer TDR. The increase in b leads to a decrease in the amplitudes Ap, AI and Ad. The changes during ischaemia are analogous to a certain extent to the changes in continuous activity of the muscle fibre, but the former occur more rapidly. They are accompanied by changes in the AI/Ad ratio which suggests changes in the intracellular potentials, most probably changes in the after-potentials. During ischaemia the influence of hypoxy is summated probably with the influence of long lasting discharge and lowered temperature of the muscle. PMID- 7315390 TI - On the mechanism of guinea-pig tracheal relaxation induced by high histamine concentrations. AB - In concentrations higher than 1 X 10(-3)M histamine relaxed guinea-pig tracheal strips previously contracted by lower histamine concentrations. The blocker of H1 histaminergic receptors diphenhydramine (1 X 10(-6)M and 1 X 10(-5)M) and the alpha-adrenoblocker phentolamine (1 X 10(-5)M) potentiated histamine-induced relaxation. The beta-blocker propranolol (1 X 10(-4)M) decreased the histamine relaxant effect. Oxprenolol (1 X 10(-4)M) that is a less potent blocker of the tracheal beta 2-adrenoreceptors and is a partial beta-agonist did not influence histamine-induced relaxation. It is suggested that high histamine concentrations relax the guinea-pig tracheal strips by activating the H2-receptors and by depleting catecholamines in the smooth muscle. PMID- 7315391 TI - Effect of the phosphorganic pesticide neguvon on the contractions of guinea-pig ileum induced by field stimulation. AB - The effect of the phosphorganic compound Neguvon on the contractile responses of guinea-pig ileum to electrical stimulation is studied. At low concentrations this pesticide does not affect significantly the contractions of the segments, while high concentrations block contractile responses. This effect of Neguvon probably has both pre- and postsynaptic character with respect to cholinergic transmission. Washing of the cholinesterase inhibitor fully restores the contractions induced by electrical stimulation, which shows that their inhibition is not directly connected with the inhibition of the cholinesterase activity. PMID- 7315392 TI - Anticonvulsant properties of two new 3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione derivatives. I. Effects in two experimental models of generalized epilepsy in cats. AB - The anticonvulsant properties of two N-aminomethyl derivatives of 3,3-diethyl-2,4 pyridinedione (persedon) are studied on two experimental models of generalized (pentylenetetrazol and penicillin) epilepsy in cats. N-aminomethylmorpholine 3,3 diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione (DKMM) applied in doses of 100 mg/ng i. v. in cases of pentylenetetrazol epilepsy leads to a rise in the convulsive thresholds (n, N) by 1.5 and two times, respectively. Administration of the drug in the same dose on developed penicillin epilepsy in cats reveals slight to moderate suppression of the generalized paroxysms, lasting until the 90th-120th min. N aminomethylpiperazine 3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione (DKMP), injected in a dose of 100 mg/kg i. v., raises the pentylenetetrazol threshold ("n") 3.5 to 4 times and 8-10 times the N-threshold, approaching the effect of diazepam (10 mg/kg i. v.). On the background of injected DKMP it is difficult to attain epileptic status, and in the case of developed epileptic status DKMP in a dose of 50 mg/kg suppresses completely the seizure manifestations. Injection of DKMP in the cases of developed penicillin epilepsy results in complete suppression of the generalized paroxysmal activity, lasting until the 100th-120th min. PMID- 7315393 TI - Anaphylactic shock in monkeys passively sensitized with human reaginic serum. I. Hemodynamics and cardiac performance. AB - Mechanisms inducing a low cardiac output (CO) state in IgE-mediated (cytotropic) anaphylactic shock in anesthetized Macaca irus monkeys were studied. 7 monkeys were sensitized by 2 i.v. injections of a human reaginic serum containing a high concentration of IgE antibodies against dog albumin. Anaphylactic shock was elicited 48 h after the last sensitization dose, by an i.v. injection of dog albumin. The severe anaphylactic shock which developed was characterized by an initial phase consisting of increased CO (+16%, mean value, 1 min after challenge), pulmonary hypertension and systemic vasodilatation followed by a phase consisting of decreased CO (-67%), a fall in mean arterial pressure from 113 to 45 mmHg, decreases in left and right arterial pressures (-5.3 and -3.2 mmHg, respectively) and increases in pulmonary vascular (+364%) and total peripheral (+30%) resistances. These changes were recorded 5 min after challenge and the values then remained essentially unaltered during the rest of the 30-min observation period. Pulmonary vascular resistance was only increased by 140% at the end of that period. Myocardial blood flow was maintained during shock at the expense of flow to other organs. However, initially there was a redistribution of blood flow within the left ventricular myocardium, resulting in a relative decrease in subendocardial flow. This finding was not related either to occasional S-T changes in the electrocardiograms or to the level of decreased CO. The oxygen supply to the myocardium was reduced in shock but the reduction was always smaller than the corresponding decrease in heart work. Two additional monkeys sensitized with an IgE fraction from the human serum showed a smaller amount of specific IgG in their serum prior to challenge than the other monkeys. The response to challenge was milder, but resembled the initial vasodilatory reaction in monkeys sensitized with serum. These data on cytotropic anaphylaxis in the monkey show that the main cause of decreased CO and thus of the shock state is a decreased venous return, primarily due to peripheral blood pooling and, to a smaller extent, extravasation of plasma. No appreciable involvement of the heart in the induction of shock was detected. PMID- 7315394 TI - Anaphylactic shock in monkeys passively sensitized with human reaginic serum. II. Respiratory mechanics, hematology and metabolism. AB - Seven monkeys were passively sensitized intravenously (i.v.) with human serum containing IgE antibodies specific to dog albumin. I.v. administration of the antigen resulted in an immediate increase in pulmonary resistance (Rpulm) with a concomitant decrease in pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Initially these changes in the respiratory system resulted in pronounced effects on venous admixture, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arterial pH. After 30 min, as Rpulm and Cdyn returned towards control levels, the blood gas changes were mainly due to low cardiac output. There was a transient increase in hematocrit, a decrease in plasma fibrinogen and a transient reduction in the number of circulating leukocytes. The anaphylactic reaction resulted in a 10- to 30-fold increase in plasma adrenaline with time and in a substantial but less marked increase in plasma noradrenaline and dopamine. Probably as a consequence of the increase in plasma catecholamine, there was a rise in plasma cyclic AMP, glucose and glycerol. No increase in plasma histamine levels was found. In two animals sensitized with purified IgE a reaction which was less severe but had the same general pattern was observed. The findings show that IgE-mediated anaphylaxis in the monkey results in a bronchoconstriction leading to a profound respiratory disturbance characterized by decreased SaO2 due to increased venous admixture. After 30 min these variables were normalized and the shock state was dominated by poor tissue perfusion due to a low cardiac output. PMID- 7315395 TI - Effect of orthostatic blood pressure changes upon capillary filtration-absorption rate in the human calf. AB - The effect of postural changes upon fluid filtration rate in the calf was studied in 3 healthy subjects placed in supine position. Volume changes in the calf were measured by a water plethysmograph. Relative changes in blood flow in subcutaneous tissue and anterior tibial muscle were measured by the local 133Xe washout technique. Lowering the calf from 5-25 cm caused a linear increase in filtration rate whereas blood flow in subcutaneous tissue of the segment studied and anterior tibial muscle remained constant. Based on this average CFC was about 0.0012 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 X mmHg-1. Further lowering of the calf caused a decrease in blood flow in subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle by about 50% corresponding to an increase in total vascular resistance by about 100%. During these circumstances the increase in infiltration rate was reduced by about 33%. The resulted indicate that the local veno-anterior reflex responsible for the observed vasoconstriction in the tissue under study together with intrinsic vascular mechanisms reduces transcapillary fluid filtration in the lower position. The mechanism appears to be mainly due to a reduction of the increase in mean capillary pressure whereas CFC seems to remain almost constant. PMID- 7315396 TI - Duration of increase in vascular volume during venous stasis. AB - Duration of increase in vascular volume in the crus following application of venous stasis was studied in 3 healthy subjects placed in a supine position. Changes in calf volume during venous stasis was measured by plethysmography. In one series of experiments changes in vascular volume were studied by measurements of accumulation of 133Xenon proximal to a depot located in the anterior tibial muscle. In another series of experiments changes in activity of 99mTc-labelled erythrocytes were used as indicator for changes in vascular volume. Following application of venous stasis in the horizontal position the rate of increase in calf volume declined to a steady level after about 5 min. Both the studies with 133Xenon and with 99mTc-erythrocytes indicate that vascular volume continued to increase for 3, 3.5 and 5 min following venous stasis of 20, 30 and 40 mmHg, respectively. When the crus was lowered 50 cm below heart level the duration of increase in vascular volume following an additional increase in venous pressure induced by venous stasis was shorter than in the horizontal position. When the calf is placed at heart level the results indicate that for up to 5 min after application of venous stasis of 40 mmHg both increase in vascular volume and transcapillary fluid filtration contribute to the observed increase in calf volume. Using the rate of increase in calf volume within 5 min after induction of venous stasis thus leads to overestimation of CFC. After 5 min vascular volume appears to remain constant and the observed increase in calf volume seems to be solely due to a net increase in interstitial fluid volume. PMID- 7315397 TI - Circulatory effects of carotid sinus stimulation and changes in blood volume distribution in hypertensive man. AB - In 8 patients with moderate hypertension and 8 normotensive subjects an attempt was made to study the circulatory effects of high and low pressure baroreceptor stimulation. Intrathoracic low pressure receptors were stimulation by changes in blood volume distribution using lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and lower body positive pressure (LBPP). The carotid sinus was stimulated by sinusoidal neck suction. Blood pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and forearm blood flow were recorded. During LBNP and LBPP changes in central blood volume, reflected in changes in central venous pressure, induced significantly greater changes in cardiac output and forearm blood flow in the hypertensive subjects. In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects mean arterial blood pressure was essentially unchanged during LBNP and a slight increase was found during LBPP. Heart rate and blood pressure response to stimulation of the carotid sinus decreased with increasing resting mean arterial pressure. The results suggest impairment of reflex adjustments, via arterial baroreceptor, possibly in particular to dynamic stimuli, rather than via intrathoracic "low pressure" baroreceptors in subjects with moderate hypertension. PMID- 7315398 TI - The occurrence of gastrin-17 in the heart. AB - Radioimmunoassay revealed gastrin-like immunoreactivity in extracts of the heart muscle from cat, guinea pig, rabbit and hog. The immunoreactivity was unevenly distributed, the highest levels being observed in extracts from the atria of the cat heart: in the right atrium approximately 1,000 pg/g or 450 pmol/kg and in the left atrium approximately 4,400 pg/g or 2,000 pmol/kg. In extracts from the cat atria the gastrin-like immunoreactivity was identified as Gastrin-17. The preponderant localization of gastrin to the atria is suggested to be due to the distribution of gastrin containing vagal fibres and nerve terminals in that area, even if a possible localization to specific receptors, Purkinje fibres etc. cannot be excluded. A modulating action on the vagal influence on the heart, either on neurotransmission or on the receptor level, or a direct (perhaps trophic) effect on biochemical processes in the muscle are suggested as possible biological functions of the heart gastrin. PMID- 7315399 TI - Cerebral sodium/angiotensin interaction studied by RIA-determination of urinary arginine vasopressin in the hydrated goat. AB - Radioimmunoassay determination of urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) was employed to study quantitatively cerebral Na+/angiotensin II (A II) interaction in the hydrated goat. The solutions infused for 30 min at 0.02 ml/min into the lateral cerebral ventricle were: a) Hypertonic (0.25 M) NaCl, b) AII (0.3 ng/kg min) in isotonic (0.15 M) NaCl, and c) A II (doses as in b) in 0.25 M NaCl. The mean amounts of AVP detected in the urine in response to the various infusions were: a) 2.8 ng, b) 3.6 ng, and c) 13.3 ng. Thus, the A II/NaCl stimulation induced a detected renal excretion of AVP that was two times as large as the sum of the effects recorded in response to separate stimuli. Infusion c) invariably induced a pronounced, long-lasting inhibition of the water diuresis, intense thirst, and natriuresis. The corresponding effects of infusions a) and b) were much weaker and, as regards thirst and natriuresis, inconsistent. The determinations of renal AVP excretion provide additional, and rather direct evidence for the concept of a synergistic action of elevated cerebrospinal fluid [Na+] and A II as concerns cerebral control of fluid balance. With regard to this kind of interaction, the observed dipsogenic and natriuretic effects mainly confirm earlier observations. PMID- 7315400 TI - Vascular effects of slow reacting substance (SRS) in the cat nasal mucosa and the appearance of a SRS-like principle in cat nasal secretion on nerve stimulation. AB - Stimulation of parasympathetic secreto-vasomotor nerve fibres in cat nasal mucosa produced nasal secretions with biological activity similar to cat paw SRS. The biologically active principle was purified by ethanol extraction, Amberlite XAD-2 and anion exchange chromatography. It had elution characteristics common with cat paw SRS but different to those of prostaglandin F2 alpha. The biological activity on the guinea pig ileum was antagonized by FPL 55712. In the cat intraarterial administration of cat paw SRS resulted in a dose-dependent but modest increase in nasal blood flow whereas local blood content was not affected. Provided SRS has similar effects on human nasal blood flow the importance for SRS as a mediator for nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis or parasympathetically induced vasomotor rhinitis seems less likely. PMID- 7315401 TI - The isolation of endogenous modulators of the affinity of acetylcholinesterase to cholinergic ligands. AB - By help of a batchwise affinity chromatography procedure the binding of cholinergic ligands to AChE obtained from caudate nucleus from calf brain was studied. The affinity of edrophonium to a crude as compared to a pure enzyme was about 50 times higher. After addition of material isolated from the crude preparation the enzyme was changed to the high affine form. The dissociation constant of the crude enzyme-edrophonium complex determined in the affinity chromatographic experiments was 1.5 X 10(-5) M and in enzymatic experiments 1.8 X 10(-7) M. It is proposed that there is present in mammalian neuronal tissue a factor that increases the affinity of certain cholinergic ligands to a site other than the catalytic site on AChE. PMID- 7315402 TI - Effect of membrane potential on the passive transport of Tl+ in human red blood cells. AB - It was earlier found that Tl+ can easily penetrate the red cell membrane. The main finding of this work is that Tl+ can be used for studying alterations in the membrane potential of human red blood cells exposed to various experimental conditions. It was shown that after inhibiting active transport by ouabain, both the rate of trans-membrane movement and the cell/medium distribution of Tl+ were in a good agreement with the expected changes in membrane potential. Alterations in membrane potential were induced by modifying the cation permeability of the red cell membrane and by varying the cation concentration gradient across the membrane, which were achieved: 1) by incubation in an electrolyte-free sucrose solution. 2) by addition of valinomycin or 3) by addition of propranolol. Changes in cation permeability were followed by means of 86Rb tracer. Hyperpolarization of the red cell membrane led to accelerated influx and retarded efflux of Tl+. The opposite effect was obtained by depolarization. Quantification of the results was made using the Nernst equation and the cell/medium concentration ratio of Tl+ at equilibrium. The calculations show that the membrane potential of the propranolol-treated cells increased to about -20 mV, negative inside. The mechanism of the propranolol effect is briefly discussed. PMID- 7315403 TI - Effect of extracellular potassium on the loss of potassium from human red blood cells treated with propranolol. AB - The Ca++-dependent propranolol-induced increase of K+ permeability of human red blood cells, well documented in previous studies, was found to depend on extracellular K+. This was shown by studying the passive transport of 86Rb and the loss of bulk cellular K+ in both K+-free and K+-containing media. The maximal effect of propranolol was achieved with 5-10 mM K+ in incubation media. The external K+ could be substituted with Tl+, but not with Na+. When added after propranolol, extracellular K+ failed to initiate the effect of propranolol on membrane permeability. The cell/medium distribution of permeant 204Tl showed that the propranolol-induced increase of K+ permeability did not result in considerable hyperpolarization of the red blood cell membrane. The data obtained seem to be more consistent with a counter-transport model for explaining the propranolol effect than with a mechanism based on free diffusion of K+ through the membrane. PMID- 7315404 TI - Quantitative changes in ouabain binding after denervation and during reinnervation of mouse skeletal muscle. PMID- 7315405 TI - Capillary supply and lipoprotein-lipase activity in skeletal muscle in man. PMID- 7315407 TI - On the localization and mediation of the centrally induced hyperactive urinary bladder response to L-dopa in the rat. AB - The hyperactive bladder response observed after central adrenergic stimulation with L-dopa, following enzymatic blockade of its peripheral metabolism, was studied in the rat. The bladder response was recorded by a cystometric procedure. The hyperactive bladder action thus produced was noted after transection of the CNS at the level of the superior colliculi but not when the transection was made caudal to the inferior colliculi. No effect was seen after transection of the cauda equina at L6, i.e. parasympathetic decentralisation of the bladder. It is concluded that the hyperactive bladder reaction seen after central adrenergic stimulation is produced in the mesencephalic-pontine region and mediated to the bladder via a central coupling to parasympathetic pathways. PMID- 7315406 TI - Methylprednisolone and adrenergic mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle. AB - The influence of methylprednisolone on noradrenaline-induced contractions and 3H noradrenaline release was investigated in isolated preparations of rat aorta and portal vein. 20-200 micro M of methylprednisolone had a slight inhibitory effect on the contractions of the aorta but had no effect in the portal vein. The EC50 values noradrenaline were about 10-6 M in both vessels; methylprednisolone did not change it. The steroid changed neither spontaneous nor potassium (127 mM) induced release of 3H-noradrenaline. The potassium (127 mM) induced contracture in the portal vein had 2 phases; the second, at least partly, was produced by released intramural noradrenaline as it was depressed by reserpinization of the animal. Injection of methylprednisolone to the animal 2 h before sacrifice induced a better maintained second phase of the potassium contracture in the portal vein. Although this could mean the release of increased amounts of noradrenaline, other explanations are also possible. PMID- 7315408 TI - Interstitial fluid volume, colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in rat skeletal muscle. Effect of hypoproteinemia. AB - Colloid osmotic pressures in plasma (COPp) and interstitial fluid (COPi), interstitial fluid pressure (Pi) as well as interstitial fluid volume (IFV) was measured in rat skeletal muscle during development of hypoproteinemia. The hypoproteinemia was induced with intraperitoneal injections of aminonucleoside puromucin causing a renal lesion similar to that in human nephrotic syndrome with renal loss of plasma protein and subsequent fall in COPp. When COPp fell from control values (about 20 mmHg) to about 10 mmHg, the fall was accompanied by an identical fall in COPi (in mmHg) while Pi did not change. Provided the pre- to postcapillary resistance ratio was unchanged, the pressure imbalance in the Starling forces (net filtration pressure) was similar to the control situation at this stage of the hypoproteinemia. With further fall in COPi, the absolute fall in COPi was less, - leading to increased net filtration pressure, and finally edema appeared. In presence of edema, Pi rose from average control values of 0.20 mmHg to an average of +1.5 mmHg. Interstitial fluid volume in hypoproteinemic rats without edema was similar to that of controls (about 0.30 ml/g dry tissue), and increases to 3 to 4 times this value in the presence of edema. Comparing the fall in COPi to IFV in the nephrotic rats without edema show that the fall in COPi must have been brought about by a lymphatic washout of interstitial proteins since IFV was similar to the controls when COPi had fallen to 1/3 that of control. PMID- 7315409 TI - Renal nerve activity and exaggerated natriuresis in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Exaggerated natriuresis upon volume loading occurs in both human and animal hypertension and is mainly due to suppressed tubular reabsorption. To explore whether altered renal sympathetic activity contributes to this response, conscious male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were exposed to isotonic saline loading in comparison with normotensive male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR). After a 60 min control hydropenic period, during which mean arterial pressure, heart rate, renal sympathetic nerve activity and urinary sodium excretion were followed, a 60 min period of intravenous volume expansion with isotonic saline (0.2 ml/min X 100 g b.w.) was started followed by a 60 min hydropenic recovery period. Already during the control period sodium excretion was significantly higher in SHR. During the volume load and subsequent recovery period a clearly exaggerated natriuresis occurred in SHR compared with WKR. Further, volume loading reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity in all animals, but significantly more in SHR. Moreover, volume loading reduced mean arterial pressure and heart rate in both groups. It is suggested that the accentuated reflex inhibition of renal sympathetic activity in SHR upon volume loading emanates from cardiac mechanoreceptors and partly explains the exaggerated natriuresis in SHR. This augmented "volume' reflex response is probably due to reduced systemic venous compliance in SHR with a consequently increased central filling and cardiac receptor activation. PMID- 7315410 TI - Peripheral and central vascular compliances in conscious normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Changes of left atrial (LAP) and right atrial pressure (RAP) upon 10% and 20% blood volume expansion were studied in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR) with intact nervous cardiovascular control. In a separate series the changes of central (CBV) and peripheral (PBV) blood volumes upon similar increases of total blood volume (TBV) were measured as well, throughout using male, adult SHR and WKR in both series. During volume expansion both LAP and RAP increased significantly more in SHR than in WKR, as did CBV, while PBV increased significantly less in SHR than in WKR. Total "effective' vascular compliance, defined as delta TBV/delta RAP, was significantly lower in SHR. From the two series of measurements central (CBV/LAP) and peripheral (PBV/RAP) vascular compliances could be separately deduced. Central vascular compliance was nearly 50% lower in SHR than in WKR. However, "unstressed' volume of the peripheral compartment appeared to be rather normal in SHR compared to WKR. It is therefore suggested that the decreased total vascular compliance seen in essential hypertension and in SHR is mainly due to a decreased distensibility of the systemic capacitance vessels. PMID- 7315411 TI - Outgrowth of cholinergic nerves in the rat urinary bladder either partially denervated or partially denervated and decentralized. AB - Unilateral excision of the pelvic ganglion caused a loss in the number of AChE positive nerves in the rat urinary bladder both on the operated side and on the contralateral side, thus indicating a bilateral intramural distribution of cholinergic nerves derived from the pelvic nerve. In the course of the subsequent observation period (3-28 days) the AChE-positive nerves increased in number and in staining intensity and further, the nerves became ramified and twisted. Similar events were found to occur in the urinary bladder decentralized on one side and denervated on the other. The morphological findings indicate an outgrowth of cholinergic nerves by collateral sprouting. These findings are discussed in relation to previous physiological studies. PMID- 7315412 TI - Effects of facial nerve section and stimulation on cerebral and ocular blood flow in hemorrhagic hypotension. AB - Albino rabbits were anesthetized and artificially ventilated. In two groups of animals the facial nerve on one side was sectioned and/or electrically stimulated at the internal acoustic pore. Hemorrhagic hypotension was induced to reveal a possible parasympathetic vasodilator mechanism, normally masked. The labelled microsphere method was used for flow determination. Section of the facial nerve did not produce any difference between sectioned and intact side, concerning cerebral, ocular and mandibular gland blood flows at normal or low blood pressures. Stimulation of the facial nerve at arterial hypotension produced significant ipsilateral increases in the choroidal and the mandibular gland blood flows. Regional and total cerebral blood flow remained unaffected. The results indicate no or only minimal contribution of the facial nerve to the cerebral vascular tone under conditions of general anesthesia. Further evidence is given in this study for a vasodilator pathway to the eye via the facial nerve, but the resting vasodilator tone under general anesthesia seems to be very low at normotensive as well as hypotensive states. PMID- 7315413 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) upon myometrial blood flow in non-pregnant rabbit. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) containing nerve fibres have previously been demonstrated in the female genital tract of several mammalian species including the rabbit. These nerve fibres seemingly innervate vascular and non vascular smooth muscle. For that reason we investigated the dose-relationship between VIP (5, 50, 500 pmol . min-1 . kg-1) and myometrial blood flow (MBF) using Xenon-133 washout technique. VIP increased MBF dose-dependently. VIP was on molar base 100 times more potent than acetylcholine. The action of VIP seems to be direct on vascular smooth muscle rather than mediated by other neurotransmitters, because the MBF increase was not antagonized by atropine, adrenergic blocking agents or naloxone. These findings make it likely that VIP plays a role in the local nervous control of myometrial blood flow. PMID- 7315415 TI - Binding of 14C-spermidine to melanin in vivo and in vitro. AB - It has been shown that melanin has the properties of a polyanion and may in vivo and in vitro bind inorganic cations and drugs which are positively charged at physiological pH by a cation-exchange mechanism. In the present study, we explored if the organic aliphatic polycation spermidine would bind to melanin in vivo after administration of 14C-spermidine to pigmented mice and in vitro at incubation with pigment from beef-eyes. The results showed a high labelling of the pigmented tissues in the mice after the administration of 14C-spermidine. At long survival intervals, the radioactivity in the melanin was higher than in any other tissue. A strong melanin affinity of 14C-spermidine was found in vitro. An analysis of the binding by the method of Scatchard showed that the data could be best fitted by the assumption of two classes of binding sites. The in vivo bound material could be displaced by in vitro incubation in solutions containing inorganic cation-chloride salts or HCl and HCl was also very effective in inhibiting the melanin-binding of 14C-spermidine in vitro. The results indicate that an electrostatic interaction between spermidine and melanin will occur both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 7315414 TI - Effects of neurotensin and neurotensin analogues on the migrating myoelectrical complexes in the small intestine of rats. AB - The purpose of the present experiments was to study the effect of neurotensin and neurotensin analogues on the migrating myoelectrical complexes in the small intestine of rats. Four bipolar electrodes were implanted into the muscular wall of the small intestine. The electrodes were placed 5, 15, 25 and 35 cm distal to the pylorus. 7-10 days after the operation the animals were fasted for 48 h with free access to water. Some experiments were performed on conscious rats and in others the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg. I.v. infusion of either neurotensin (NT) or (Gln4)-neurotensin at doses of 1.8, 3.6 and 7.1 pmol X kg-1 X min-1 abolished the migrating myoelectric complexes, which were replaced by increased spiking activity along the whole length of the small intestine from which activity was recorded. The changes in myoelectrical activity were observed within 2-4 min after commencement of the infusion. The activity returned to control levels within 5-15 min after the end of the infusion period. The neurotensin sequences NT 9-13, NT 8-13, NT 4 -13, NT 1-9 and (Gln4)-NT 1-11 did not induce any changes in the electrical activity in the small intestine. The effects of NT and (Gln4)-neurotensin on the myoelectrical activity in the small intestine were indistinguishable. The changes induced by NT or (Gln4)-NT resemble those found after the ingestion of food. The present data indicate that the intact NT sequence, rather than smaller NT fragments, is necessary to induce changes in myoelectrical activity in the small intestine. PMID- 7315417 TI - Starvation accelerates blood-brain glucose transfer. PMID- 7315416 TI - Onset of blood lactate accumulation after prolonged exercise. PMID- 7315418 TI - Aromatic amino acid incorporation into proteins in rat brain slices: influences of other amino acids affecting transport. AB - Incorporation of [3H]tryptophan, [3H]tyrosine and [3H]phenylalanine into proteins has been studied in cerebral coronal slices from adult and 1-day-old rats. Unlabelled amino acids greatly increased (histidine) or decreased (leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan) intracellular levels of the [3H]amino acids, but only slightly decreased their incorporation rates. Effects on uptake were similar in experiments with adult and newborn rats, but patterns of protein synthesis inhibition seemed to differ. Amino acid uptake and subsequent incorporation into proteins were thus not closely associated. Incorporation in slices from adult rats was much slower than in those from newborn rats, and moreover, one half of it was cycloheximide-insensitive. The difference inhibition patterns by other amino acids may thus be explained by multiple mechanisms in cerebral amino acid incorporation into proteins. PMID- 7315419 TI - A mathematical model of fluid transport in the kidney. AB - A mathematical model of the rat kidney is developed from glomerular and tubular submodels. It is assumed that all nephrons are identical, that the hydraulic pressure in the tubules obeys Hagen-Poiseuille's law, that the rate of fluid reabsorption depends on the flow rate of tubular fluid, and that the tubules are distensible. The independent variables of the model are selected to comply with experimental measurements in the hydropenic rat. The model is used to evaluate the mechanism of glomerulotubular balance: changing the mean ultrafiltration pressure to the glomerular capillaries has a substantial influence on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A change in the rate of fluid reabsorption in the proximal tubules has a strong influence on GFR notwithstanding that the change in GFR is smaller than that in the rate of fluid reabsorption. The calculated values for the hydraulic pressure profile in the tubular system and the interstitial pressure during ureteral obstruction are in close agreement with experimental measurements. Increasing the arterial haematocrit above normal causes a substantial decrease in GFR, whilst reducing it below normal has only a small effect on GRF. PMID- 7315420 TI - Effects of hypoxia and fasting on the cytochrome concentration in intestinal epithelial villous cell mitochondria. Role of changes in the life-span of the cells. AB - The effects of hypoxia in vivo (40.8 kPa barometric pressure up to 120 h) and fasting on the characteristics of intestinal epithelial villous cell mitochondria and the turnover of epithelial villous cells and mitochondria were studied in rats. Using cells and mitochondria isolated in the isotonic mannitol medium, it was found that 24-h hypoxia or fasting did not alter the mitochondrial cytochrome content, but 48-h hypoxia or fasting led to increases of 70% and 37% in the cytochrome aa3 concentration in the hypoxic and fasting animals respectively. The turnover of intestinal epithelial cells was studied by observing the labelling kinetics of the cells with 3H-thymidine and the turnover of the cell and mitochondrial proteins with (guanido-14C)-arginine or 3H-leucine. The decay in thymidine radioactivity obeyed exponential kinetics from which half-lives of 1.15, 1.31 and 1.53 days were calculated in the control, fasting and hypoxic animals respectively. The half-lives for total cellular protein were 1.31, 1.54 and 1.54 days respectively when calculated from the (guanido-14C)-arginine experiments, or 0.69, 0.75 and 0.99 days when calculated from the leucine experiments. The labelling experiments with (guanido-14C)-arginine indicated that the turnover of mitochondrial proteins in intestinal epithelial cells is the same as that of the cells themselves. Since the turnover of mitochondrial proteins in other tissues is shown to be a relatively slow process, the increase in the cytochrome concentration in the intestinal cells of the hypoxic rats must be due to the longer life of the cells, which allows for the synthesis of larger amounts of the mitochondrial components. PMID- 7315421 TI - Some factors of significance for respiratory gas exchange in muscle tissue. A mathematical analysis of a capillary model. AB - Morphological dimensions of the Krogh cylinder capillary model were calculated by mathematical simulation of respiratory gas exchange and blood flow in muscle tissue, using experimentally determined values for oxygen consumption (n'O2), blood flow (Q'), a-V O2 difference (a-v O2D) and pressure difference over the capillary (delta P), for resting and exercise conditions up to maximum performance. In the resting state a capillary radius, r1, of 3.5 (3-5) microgram a capillary density (CD) of 35 (30-90) capillaries/mm2 and a capillary length (L) of 900 (400-1000) microgram can satisfy experimentally determined values of the physiological variables. During muscular activity a maintained r1 and L with an increased CD allows higher n'O2. An increase in capillaries to about 600/mm2 can allow an n'O2 uptake 30 times the resting value (maximum performance). This increase cannot be achieved by an increase only in the r1. A shift to the right in the O2Hb dissociation curve during exercise has only a small effect on the O2 delivering capacity of the model, as has an increase in the diffusion constant for O2 in tissue. It is remarkable how limited a range of morphological dimensions, particularly of r1, is compatible with the known range of values for n'O2, O', a-v O2D and delta P, at rest and particularly during maximum performance of the muscle. PMID- 7315422 TI - The effect of deep hypothermia on the secretion of thyroid hormones and cortisol and oxygen consumption in guinea-pigs. AB - Adult guinea-pigs were exposed to cold (-20 degrees C) to the point of deep hypothermia, and the heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tr) oxygen consumption (V02), serum concentrations of proteins, thyroid hormones (by T3 and T4 radioimmunoassays) and cortisol (by fluorometry) were determined and compared with those obtained from sham-exposed animals (22 degrees C) Vo2, and HR rose to a maximum in 1 h in the cold, but then declined in parallel to Tr for 2-3 h. The cold-exposed animals became unconscious after 2 h and developed cardiac failure in 4 h. At this time serum proteins and T3 concentrations were similar in the cold and sham-exposed animals. Serum T4 was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the cold-exposed animals than in the sham-exposed animals (45.0 +/- 4.2 nmol/l vs. 28 +/- 1.4 nmol/l). Similarly, the cortisol levels were higher in the cold-exposed animals (1.34 +/- 0.11 mumol/l vs. 0.26 +/- 0.03 mumol/l). Severe cold exposure for 4 h resulted in simultaneous activation of the thyroid gland and adrenal cortex preceded by an increase in oxygen consumption and a decrease in rectal temperature. PMID- 7315424 TI - A servo-controlled roller pump for constant flow or constant pressure blood perfusion under normal pulsatile or non-pulsatile conditions. AB - This paper describes the design of a servo-controlled precision roller pump applicable for constant blood flow or constant blood pressure perfusion in research on the peripheral circulation. The pump, and its feed-back control, can simulate normal cardiac induced autoperfusion by reproducing the arterial pulse pressure configuration with high fidelity. Its design is such as to minimize damage of the red blood cells and consequent release of vasoactive substances, a problem encountered with most conventional pumps. The present pump principle may also find a use in heart-lung machines and dialysis equipment and can be used as a precision infusion pump. PMID- 7315423 TI - Characteristics of the axonal transport of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in nerves of the cat. AB - The axonal transport of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was examined in anesthetized cats. The distally directed (anterograde) flux of peptide was found to be about 35 fmol/h in the sciatic nerve. A smaller retrograde flux (8.5 fmol/h) weas also detected. In ulnar, radial and sciatic nerves, the average velocity of transport was calculated to be 2.5 mm/h in the anterograde and 0.6 mm/h in the retrograde direction. Clearance experiments indicated that the amounts of peptide available for transport in these two phases were 28% and 15% of the total, respectively. Estimates of true velocity based on these figures are 9 mm/h for anterograde transport and 4 mm/h for retrograde transport. Local injections of vinblastine were found to induce marked local increases in VIP immunoreactivity, indicating that microtubules play a role in peptide transport. Subcellular distribution experiments showed that most of the transported VIP was associated with a particulate fraction, possibly corresponding to large vesicles. Only one molecular form of VIP-immuno-reactivity was detected by gel permeation chromatography and no evidence was obtained for cleavage of VIP precursors in the axon. Comparison of axonal flux of peptide with the apparent content of VIP in terminal regions indicated that the turnover time for this peptide is 5 days or longer in the periphery. The results are consistent with the view that peripheral neurons are dependent upon rapid axonal transport for the supply of vip to their terminals. PMID- 7315425 TI - Length-tension relations of smooth muscle from normal and denervated rat urinary bladders. AB - Urinary bladders of rats were denervated by bilateral excision of the pelvic ganglion and removed 10 days after the operation. They were filled with 0.75 ml saline and a longitudinal muscle strip was marked out, measured and dissected out. Strips from normal bladders filled with the same volume were used as controls. Denervated bladders were 4-5 times heavier than control bladders. Muscle strips from denervated bladders showed, in contrast to controls, marked phasic spontaneous contractions which were unaffected by tetrodotoxin, indicating a myogenic origin. Active tension in response to AC stimulation was measured at different lengths. In relation to the in situ length (Lin situ) at 0.75 ml the denervated strips had to be stretched to much greater extent than controls in order to reach optimum length (L0) for force development. Furthermore, the denervated strips shortened less in relation to Lin situ than the controls. If active length-tension relations were expressed in relation to L0, the difference between denervated and control strips was abolished. Maximal active force was the same for denervated and control strips. Water content increased significantly in denervated bladders. The results suggest a remodelling of the smooth muscle structure in denervated bladders; the characteristics of the contractile machinery seem, however, to be unaltered. PMID- 7315426 TI - Responses to ions and vasoconstrictor agents and changes of potassium fluxes in vascular smooth muscle during hypoxia. AB - An inhibitory effect of hypoxia (Po2 less than 5 mmHg) on electrical and mechanical activity of the smooth muscle of the rat portal vein has been described by Hellstrand, Johansson & Norberg (1977). The present study using the sucrose gap method confirmed their finding that spontaneous activity was completely (or almost completely) abolished by the low Po2. Increased [K+]0 from 6 to 24 mM or decreased [Na+]0 from 137.5 to 76.5 mM reinitiated electrical and mechanical activity during hypoxia. If muscle activity had already been increased by 24 mM K+ or 76.5 mM Na+ solutions in the aerobic situation, switching to hypoxia caused only partial inhibition. In hypoxic solutions of such altered ionic composition a gradual increase in muscle activity with time was seen especially in the low Na+-solution. Stimulating agents such as noradrenaline, acetylcholine, 4-aminopyridine, and Ba2+ could reinitiate spike activity and contractions under hypoxic conditions. Ouabain stimulated the activity in normoxia but no effect was seen in hypoxia. Uptake and washout of 42K+ was studied. No difference in uptake was found between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The rate of 42K+ efflux was decreased under hypoxia. A similar decrease was produced by Mn2+ (0.4 mM) which, like hypoxia abolished phasic muscle activity. In both cases the reduction in 42K+ efflux may just reflect the elimination of action potentials. It is concluded from these results that profound hypoxia exerts its inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle to a large extent through membrane mechanisms responsible for pacemaker activity or spike generation. The electrophysiological response may be secondary to change in intracellular [Na+] or [Ca2+]. PMID- 7315427 TI - Structural and mechanical alterations in hypertrophic venous smooth muscle. AB - Portal hypertension was induced in rats by partial ligation of the hepatic branches of the portal vein. After 5 days the transluminal pressure of the portal vein was measured, and the vessel was fixed in situ for electron-microscopy, or dissected out and mounted in an apparatus recording force and shortening. Portal veins from sham-operated animals were used as controls. Portal venous pressure had increased about twofold after the partial ligation and the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal muscle layer about twofold. Number of muscle cells per mm2 cross-sectional area decreased to half of the control value, whereas extracellular space in the muscle layer and the dry weight of the preparations were unaltered. Number of cells was unchanged suggesting that no hyperplasia had occurred. Length-passive force relations were shifted towards higher force values in the hypertrophic vessels, whereas passive stress-strain characteristics were similar. The structures that carry passive tension have thus increased in proportion to the vessel as a whole. Length-active tension curves obtained by stimulation with AC current or high K+ solutions indicated that the hypertrophic vessels could not, in relation to optimal length for active force, shorten to the same extent as control vessels. Maximum active tension per vessel was unaltered whereas force per unit muscle area and force per cell had decreased. As the preparations were supramaximally stimulated and had optimal extracellular Ca2+ concentrations we suggest that the amount of functional contractile proteins has not increased in proportion to the increase in size of the muscle cells. PMID- 7315428 TI - Structurally reduced distensibility of cardiovascular low-pressure' compartments in primary hypertension, as studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - Adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were compared to explore to what extent venous "unstressed" volume, compliance and wall distensibility are structurally altered in primary hypertension. The perfused, maximally vasodilated hindquarters and the entire, completely relaxed cardiovascular system during cardiac arrest were used for comparisons of "initial" volumes and pressure volume characteristics of the respective low-pressure compartments. In both preparations SHR and WKY showed identical "unstressed" venous volumes, computed by extrapolation to zero pressure from initial volumes and the nearly linear pressure-volume relationships, while venous compliance (delta V/delta P) was in each case about 20% reduced iun SHR. Consequently, the structurally determined wall distensibility of the low-pressure compartment, calculated as the square root of volume compliance/unstressed (or initial) volume, was significantly reduced in SHR; about 10%. Such venous "structural resetting" has important hemodynamic consequences, not least because it reinforces increase of venous return and cardiac filling pressure in SHR, caused by given sympathetic activations. Evidently, not only resistance, cardiac and barostat functions but also the venous capacitance function are structurally reset early in primary hypertension, implying a redesign of the entire cardiovascular system to operate at a higher pressure equilibrium. PMID- 7315429 TI - Hexamethonium-resistant, atropine-sensitive vagal excitation of the feline stomach-activation of an unknown fibre system. PMID- 7315430 TI - Potential clamp analysis of the effect of anoxia on the nodal function of rat peripheral nerve fibres. PMID- 7315431 TI - Myocardial metabolism in relation to electrocardiographic changes and cardiac function during graded hypoxia in the fetal lamb. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated early and progressive alterations in the ST-T period of the fetal and neonatal electrocardiogram in relation to asphyxia. The aims of the present study were to investigate the metabolic background of these hypoxic ECG changes by means of serial myocardial biopsies in fetal lambs, relating these changes to the hypoxic depletion of glycogen, ATP and creatine phosphate stores in the heart and to the altered myocardial performance as measured by heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, combined cardiac output and max. dP/dt. The experiments were performed on 21 fetal lambs, acutely exteriorized and subjected to graded hypoxia. During hypoxia there was a significant relationship between the degree of changes in the ST-T period according to a scoring system and the depletion of myocardial glycogen and ATP, a highly significant correlation between the rate of myocardial glycogenolysis and the rate of increase in T wave amplitude, and a parallelism between the amount of glycogen available and fetal cardiovascular function. The myocardium was capable of regenerating its glycogen stores under conditions of adequate oxygenation and in the absence of acidosis and hypoglycaemia. PMID- 7315432 TI - Adipose tissue perfusion and fatty acid release in exercising rats. AB - Arterial concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol and lactate were measured in male Wistar rats before, during and after 30 minutes exercise on a treadmill. The arterial concentration of glycerol increased 120% and lactate 340% during exercise, but fell immediately upon its termination. The arterial concentration of FFA increased only 20% during the exercise, but was followed by a sharp rise in the recovery period. Maximum FFA concentration was found after 6 minutes of recovery, reaching 70% above the preexercise level, whereafter plasma FFA fell. Using radioactivity labelled microspheres it was found that the fraction of cardiac output reaching adipose tissue after 10 min of exercise was reduced by 30-90% in relation to the resting value. After 3 min recovery, however, the fractional distribution to the same tissue was in average 300% above the value measured 3 min before termination of exercise. It is concluded that the increase in plasma FFA observed during the early recovery period is caused by increased FFA release from adipose tissue, as a consequence of increased adipose tissue perfusion in the recovery period. PMID- 7315433 TI - Oxygen consumption in rabbit Langendorff hearts perfused with a saline medium. AB - Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused according to Langendorff at a temperature of 38 degrees C and a pressure of 5.9 kPa with gassed Tyrode solution. Gas mixtures containing 5% CO2 and 15, 20, 30, 60, or 95% O2 in N2 were used to saturate the perfusion medium. In some cases lactate (50 or 500 microM) was present in the medium perfusing the heart. Coronary flow (CF), oxygen pressure in the perfusion medium and in the cardiac effluent and lactate in the effluent were analysed in all experiments. The oxygen uptake in the hearts perfused with a medium equilibrated at atmospheric pressure with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 (oxygen pressure approximately 87 kPa, oxygen content 19 ml X 1(-1)), averaged 3 ml X 100 g w.w. 1 X min-1. Reduction of the oxygen pressure in the perfusion medium resulted in an increase in CF and in the fractional extraction of oxygen from the medium, making it possible to maintain the heart's oxygen uptake (VO2) down to an oxygen pressure in the perfusion medium of about 24 kPa (oxygen content approximately 5 ml X 1(-1), the perfusion medium equilibrated with 20% O2 and 5% CO2 in N2). Myocardial lactate production was low during perfusion at pO2 approximately 87 kPa but increased rapidly when the oxygen pressure was lowered. The addition of lactate (500 microM) to the perfusion medium at pO2 approximately 87 kP induced a fractional uptake of about 20%. It is concluded that the VO2 observed during perfusion at pO2 approximately 87 kPa mainly reflects aerobic myocardial metabolism in this preparation. This assumption is based on the facts that coronary flow and fractional oxygen extraction are submaximal and that a considerable uptake of lactate occurs concurrently with a very limited production. However, even moderate reduction of the oxygen pressure in the perfusion medium (to approximately 61 kPa) is followed by a significant increase in lactate production, indicating that myocardial oxygenation is inefficient. PMID- 7315434 TI - Rhythmic variations of venous pressure in the human foot. PMID- 7315435 TI - Evidence for a function of calcium influx in the stimulation of hormone release fron the parathyroid gland in the goat. AB - The acute effects of various drugs on the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in goats were studied by local infusions in vivo. Infusions of Ca2+ or Sr2+ reduced the PTH secretion rate, whereas hypocalcemia induced by EDTA increased the PTH release. Blockers of voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels (verapamil, D-600 and nifedipine) lowered the PTH secretion rate, while infusion of 4-aminopyridine, which is a blocker of voltage sensitive K+ channels, increased the PTH release. These effects were not due to altered beta-adrenergic tonus, since the effects persisted when the drugs were administered during continuous infusion of the beta blocker propranolol. We suggest that the parathyroid cells possess voltage sensitive K+ and Ca2+ channels, and that exocytosis of stored PTH depends on the influx of extracellular Ca2+ as in other secretory cells. In order to explain the inverse relationship between the plasma Ca2+ level and the PTH release, we postulate a suppressive effect of the plasma Ca2+ on the membrane permeability to Ca2+ in parathyroid cells. PMID- 7315437 TI - Blood pressure in the fetal guinea-pig. AB - Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in guinea-pig fetuses during late gestation have been recorded in situ under maternal pentobarbitone anesthesia. The measurements were performed via a catheter in one of the umbilical arteries. Mean arterial umbilical pressure and heart rate were 28 +/- 5 mmHg and 282 +/- 30 beats/min, respectively. It is suggested that the recorded pressure is consistent with the rise in systemic arterial pressure in other species during gestation and postnatal life. PMID- 7315436 TI - Electrophysiology of cultured parathyroid cells from the goat. AB - The membrane potential and resistance of goat parathyroid (PT) cells in culture were 44.7 +/- 6.8 mV and 503 +/- 218 M omega (mean +/- S.D., n = 24) in 2.4 mM Ca2+ solution. The corresponding values in 0.8 mM Ca2+ solution were 29.2 +/- 12.2 mV and 290 +/- 198 M omega (n = 22). The current/voltage relation showed a pronounced outward rectification for membrane potentials more positive than --40 mV. Current injection produced graded, regenerative responses in half of the penetrated cells. Regenerative responses were also obtained in Na+-free solution, and these responses were reversibly inhibited by the Ca2+ blocker D-600. The results support the notion that PT cells possess voltage sensitive K+ and Ca2+ channels, and that exocytosis of stored PT hormone depends on the influx of extracellular Ca2+ as in other secretory cells. PMID- 7315438 TI - The antilipolytic effect of endogenous and exogenous adenosine in canine adipose tissue in situ. AB - The effects of adenosine, 2-Cl-adenosine, two adenosine uptake inhibitors (dipyridamole and dilazep) and the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor erythro-9 (2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) were studied on basal and stimulated lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The basal lipolysis was unaffected by all agents. Lipolysis induced by nerve stimulation (4 Hz, 5 min) was dose-dependently antagonized (up to 100%) by close i.a. infusions of adenosine (1--40 microM in blood); if the nerve induced vasoconstriction was prevented by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. 2-Cl-adenosine was a more potent antilipolytic agent than adenosine. EHNA (3--10 microM in blood) did not inhibit stimulated lipolysis in vivo possibly because of the low ADA activity in fat cells. Dipyridamole (0.5--1.5 microM in blood) in combination with EHNA increased the venous plasma concentration of adenosine from 0.3 +/- 0.05 to 0.7 +/- 0.1 microM and enhanced the tissue concentration close to 3-fold. Lipolysis induced by nerve stimulation (4 Hz) was reduced by about 40% by dipyridamole + EHNA and that induced by close i.a. noradrenaline injection (20 nmol) by approximately 60%. It is concluded that adenosine is an antagonist of stimulated lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue in situ in concentrations that are reached during prolonged sympathetic nerve stimulation. PMID- 7315439 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate response to static exercise in relation to electromyographic activity and force development. AB - 5 healthy men performed static knee extension (90 degree knee angle) with one leg for 5 min. In one series of experiments the force was held constant at 20% of the isometric maximal voluntary contraction. In the other the initial force development was also 20%, but the smoothed, rectified electromyographic activity, (SREMG) recorded after 5 s of contraction was kept constant. Heart rate (HR), arterial mean blood pressure (MBP) (measured 20 cm proximally to the elbow in a. brachialis), EMG (surface electrodes) from the lateral portion of m. quadriceps femoris, and force were continuously recorded. HR and MBP increased approximately 40% in the force-constant experiments and approximately 20% in the SREMG-constant experiments. The greatest increase occurred during the first two minutes of contraction. In the force-constant experiments SREMG doubled, with the most marked increases occurring during the very early and late parts of the contraction. SREMG correlated with both HR (r = 0.85) and MBP (r = 0.98). In the SREMG-constant experiments force declined quickly during the first minute and remained at about 12% MVC thereafter. The observed cardiovascular responses to static contraction can best be explained as the result of the combined action of central and peripheral drives, the central drive being related to the central activity for the recruitment of motor units, and the peripheral drive being mediated through chemoreceptors in the exercising muscles. PMID- 7315440 TI - The uptake index method applied to studies on the blood-retinal barrier. I. A methodological study. AB - The validity of the uptake index method for studies on passage through the blood retinal barrier was evaluated. Data for the brain were also obtained for comparison. A rapid intracarotid injection of 0.2 ml buffered Ringer solution in rats did not result in a measurable increase in the permeability to EDTA for either the blood-retinal or the blood-brain barriers, while a markedly hypertonic solution caused an immediate osmotic breakdown of both barriers. For determinations of the retinal uptake index (RUI) 3HOH was found to be a suitable reference substance. A more diffusible reference, such as 14C-ethanol, resulted in a lower net extraction, probably due to a more rapid wash-out by the choroidal blood flow. Clearance of both reference and test substances from the retina was considerably faster than from the brain. For this reason a 5-s interval between the intracarotid injection and the enucleation was used as routine for determinations of RUI. With this technique RUI for the transported monosaccharide 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was significantly larger than for L-glucose, 53.8 and 14.2% respectively. The RUI for L-glucose was mainly due to L-glucose confined to extravascular choroidal fluid adhering to the retinal tissue samples. By prolonging the interval between injection and enucleation, and subtracting the activity due to recirculation, this extraretinal contamination could be practically eliminated. It is concluded that the uptake index method can be a useful tool in studies on transport of metabolic substrates through the blood retinal barrier. PMID- 7315441 TI - The uptake index method applied to studies on the blood-retinal barrier. II. Transport of several hexoses by a common carrier. AB - The uptake index method was used for studies on the passage of various monosaccharides across the blood-retinal and the blood-brain barriers in albino rats. The results indicate large similarities for the hexose transport through the two barriers. Thus a stereo-specific, saturable transport of glucose was observed for both barriers. The carriers involved showed measurable affinity for 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose, but not for L glucose, D-fructose or D-ribose. The relative affinities of the various hexoses to the carriers were similar. Phloretin and phloridzin both reduced retinal and brain uptake of D-glucose. PMID- 7315442 TI - Peripheral control of the cat's step cycle. I. Phase dependent effects of ramp movements of the hip during "fictive locomotion". AB - Acute spinal and curarized cats can generate "fictive locomotor activity" after an i.v. injection of Nialamid followed by 4-AP and L-DOPA. The efferent burst activity to flexors and extensors can be recorded in peripheral nerve filaments. Ramp-formed movements were applied in the hip at constant angular velocity in different phases of the spontaneous efferent burst activity. The cycle duration was markedly influenced. A flexion or an extension ramp applied in the early part of the "step-cycle" (during flexor activity) will prolong the cycle duration, but in the later part of the cycle instead a marked shortening effect will occur. The transition from a prolongation to a shortening is very steep for the extensive ramps, with a subsequent gradual increase from a shortening to a lengthening of the cycle. This type of phase response curve expresses a potent peripheral modulatory effect on the central pattern generator. A ramp movement (flexion or extension) applied in the beginning of the flexor burst will reinforce the flexor activity. In the end of the flexor burst instead there is a directional sensitivity with positive feedback, resulting in an excitation of the flexor activity for flexion ramps, but a depression of the flexor activity for extension ramps. Extension-ramps also show a position dependent effect which enhances the response in the flexors for more extended hip positions. PMID- 7315443 TI - Adaptive changes in work capacity, skeletal muscle capillarization and enzyme levels during training and detraining. AB - Six male subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer 30 min with left leg and 30 min with right leg 3 times a week for 8 weeks. This training resulted in a 14.6% increase in VO2 max with two-leg exercise and a 23.1% increase with one-leg exercise. A significant decrease towards pretraining VO2 max was seen during the following 8 weeks of detraining. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained at rest from m. vastus lateralis before and after training and 4 and 8 weeks after training. During training the number of capillaries per mm2 and the number of capillaries per fiber increased about 20%. The number of capillaries around each fiber type (CA) increased 20--30%. The average area of each fibre type increased only about 5%. The fibre area per CA decreased by about 10%. During 8 weeks of detraining decreases were seen in the number of capillaries per fibre, CA and in fibre area, while fibre area per CA and number of capillaries per mm2 were almost unchanged at the end of the detraining period. Pronounced increases in activities of oxidative enzymes were observed after training, while only minor increases were seen in glycolytic enzyme activities. All enzyme activities decreased towards pre training levels during detraining. The results indicate that the training-induced improvement in oxidative capacity and in muscle capillarization expressed as capillaries per fibre and CA disappears within 8 weeks after cessation of training. However, the fibre area per CA and number of capillaries per mm2 point at a favourable long term effect on the average diffusion distance between capillaries and muscle fibres. PMID- 7315444 TI - Reflex cardiovascular responses to graded stimulations of low- and high-threshold afferents in the carotid sinus and aortic nerves in the cat. AB - Reflex responses to electrical stimulation of low-threshold and high-threshold afferents in the aortic and carotid sinus nerves were investigated in chloralose anesthetized cats. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate and muscle resistance were recorded. Low-threshold stimulation induced depressor responses of moderate magnitude. When stimulation intensity was increased to engage also the high threshold aortic nerve afferents a more pronounced reflex response was seen even with stimulation frequencies less than 10 Hz. Furthermore, stimulation of low- and high-threshold aortic nerve afferents induced different reflex patterns. For a given fall in blood pressure, the low-threshold afferents induced a greater reflex decrease in muscle vascular resistance compared with the high-threshold afferents, which reduced heart rate more. The effects seen at low frequency stimulation of high-threshold aortic nerve afferents were interpreted to reflect activation of the non-medullated baroreceptor afferents, while the depressor reflexes at low-threshold stimulation were induced by medullated baroreceptor afferents. Also the reflex effects of continuous and intermittent stimulation patterns of the various afferents were compared. At the same number of imp/s an intermittent stimulation of the low-threshold afferents induced greater reflex changes in blood pressure and muscle vascular resistance but smaller changes in heart rate. No such difference was observed when high-threshold afferents were similarly stimulated. PMID- 7315446 TI - Electrical properties of isolated demyelinated rat nerve fibres. AB - Isolated large rat nerve fibres with diphtheria toxin induced paranodal demyelination were investigated. These fibres had increased membrane time constant of the demyelinated nodal segment, related to a large increase in capacitance (5 to 50 times). The resting conductance was less increased (2 to 3 times), meaning that the internodal axolemma has considerably higher resting resistance than the nodal membrane. A large variation in action potential amplitude was found which was unrelated to the size of the nodal widening and the passive electrical properties. PMID- 7315445 TI - Cardiac effects of splanchnic and non-splanchnic blood volume redistribution during aortic occlusions in dogs. AB - Translocation of blood from the lower body dilates the left ventricle during occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta and by increased activation of the Frank-Starling mechanism, stroke volume is maintained despite raised aortic blood pressure. The contributions from the splanchnic and non-splanchnic blood volumes to the left ventricular dilation were examined by ultrasonic measurements of myocardial chord length (MCL) in atropinized open-chest dogs. End-diastolic MCL rose by 2.5 +/- 0.9% during abdominal suprarenal aortic occlusion, draining blood from the non-splanchnic region, and by 7.4 +/- 1.7% during thoracic aortic occlusion draining blood from both splanchnic and non-splanchnic regions. Systolic left ventricular pressure rose by 16 +/- 3 mmHg and 76 +/- 12 mmHg, respectively. End-diastolic MCL rose by 6.0 +/- 1.2% during combined thoracic aortic and abdominal infrahepatic vena cava occlusion draining blood solely from the splanchnic region and further by 2.5 +/- 0.8% by blood drained from the non splanchnic region after release of the vena cava occlusion. Similar results were obtained using a shunt permitting selective drainage first from the non splanchnic region during thoracic aortic occlusion. Blood translocation from the non-splanchnic region maintains cardiac output during abdominal aortic occlusion. During occlusion of the thoracic aorta, drainage from the splanchnic region accounts for about 70% of the increase in end-diastolic MCL. PMID- 7315447 TI - Specific permeability properties of demyelinated rat nerve fibres. AB - The specific permeability properties of isolated rat fibres with diphtheria toxin induced paranodal demyelination were investigated in potential clamp experiments. Nodal widening (4 to 6 micrometers) and paranodal demyelination (20 to 90 micrometers) were associated with a very large increase in the normally low delayed K-permeability (greater than 10 times). The resting K-permeability (which was comparatively large in the rat fibres) was similarly increased, which decreased action potential amplitude and excitability. Fibres with paranodal demyelination had, in addition, a large increase in the maximum peak Na permeability (2 to 5 times the normal), which indicated that excitability was upheld by formation of new Na-permeability sites. The conduction defects in demyelinated fibres can therefore not be related to the size of the demyelination, but to the specific permeability changes in the demyelinated segment. PMID- 7315448 TI - Cholinergic responses in different sections of rat airways. AB - Effect of cholinergic agonists on rat airway smooth muscle were studied, 4 different preparations were used: the trachea and the bronchus representing the extrapulmonary airways, the bronchiole and the parenchymal strip representing the intrapulmonary airways. The dose-dependent isometric contractile responses of these 4 preparations to acetylcholine (ACh) and carbacholine (CCh) were determined. A significant difference in sensitivity to both ACh and CCh was observed between the extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways. When pD2-values of these preparations were compared, the trachea and the bronchus showed to be 10 -100 times more sensitive to these drugs than the bronchiole and the parenchymal strip. A significant difference between the trachea and the bronchus was also found in the pD2-values to ACh, the bronchus being more sensitive than the trachea. This difference in sensitivity was probably due to a greater activity of cholinesterase (ChE) in the tracheal tissue, for the difference was not seen in response to ACh with physostigmine or to CCh. It is suggested that there are more cholinergic receptors in the tracheal and bronchial smooth muscles than in the muscles of the bronchioles and the parenchymal tissue. PMID- 7315449 TI - Effects of 4-aminopyridine on contractile response and action potential of rabbit papillary muscle. AB - The effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were studied on isolated papillary muscles from the heart of reserpinized rabbits (at 37 degrees C). The preparations were paced to contract at 0.67 Hz under isometric conditions and the muscle length was adjusted to 95% of the length for optimum force production. Simultaneous recordings of isometric force and membrane potentials were performed. 4-AP (50 microM) increased peak force by approximately 20% of the control and prolonged the action potential by 20%. Higher concentrations of 4-AP (800 microM) resulted in further increments of force and action potential duration (60 and 70% of controls, respectively). Prolongation of the action potential and potentiation of the isometric force was still present one hour after withdrawal of the drug from the perfusate. The results are consistent with the view that 4-AP prolongs the action potential by inhibiting the late repolarizing potassium current. It is suggested that the calcium uptake by the ventricular cell during the prolonged action potential is increased and that this leads to the positive inotropic effect. PMID- 7315450 TI - Stimulatory effects of Ba2+ on contractile activity in the smooth muscle of the rat portal vein. AB - The effects on mechanical activity in rat portal vein of adding Ba2+, Sr2+ or Mg2+ (0.3--10 mM) to a tris-buffered solution (Na-tris) with 2.5 mM Ca2+ was investigated and compared to the effects of addition of Ca2+. Ba2+ induced a continuous tetanical activity and increased integrated force from threshold (0.3 mM) to sevenfold (10 mM). Addition of Sr2+ and Ca2+ had only minor effects on mechanical activity, whereas Mg2+ in increasing concentrations exerted an inhibitory effect. Contractures were elicited in K+-high tris solution with 2.5 mM Ca2+. The amplitudes of the contractures were not affected by added Mg2+, whereas Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ increased contracture force to some extent, the increase being highest for Ba2+ (twofold in 10 mM). Sucrose gap recordings of electrical and mechanical activity showed that added Ba2+ (0.3 mM) to Na-tris with 2.5 mM Ca2+ increased spike discharge and force/spike, the latter almost twofold. A corresponding addition of 0.3 mM Ca2+ had no effect. The effects of adding Sr2+ are very similar to that of added Ca2+, Mg2+ decreased spontaneous mechanical activity. Relaxation rates after K-contractures with 2.5 mM Ca2+, Ba2+, or Sr2+ were determined. No difference was found after K-tris with Ca2+ or Ba2+, whereas the veins relaxed faster after K-tris with Sr2+. We conclude tht Ba2+ acts as a constrictor of the smooth muscle in rat portal vein partly by initiating an increased spike discharge, and partly by increasing the entry or release of Ca2+ per spike, whereas the removal of Ca2+ is unaffected. PMID- 7315451 TI - Responses of single arterioles in vivo in cat skeletal muscle to change in arterial pressure applied at different rates. AB - The concept of a rate-dependent, dynamic as well as a static component in the myogenic control has been suggested in some previous in vitro and whole organ investigations. The present study is an attempt to reveal a dynamic component in the myogenic response directly on single arterioles by a vital microscopic technique. The study was made on the autonomically blocked vascular bed of cat tenuissimus muscle and performed by analysing the arteriolar diameter changes to an arterial pressure increase and decrease when applied at two different rates. The results demonstrate a transient, dynamic constrictor response upon the phasic increase in pressure and a transient, dynamic dilator response upon the phasic decrease in pressure, the magnitudes of which being related to the rate of the pressure change. The static response developing during the steady-state phase of constant increased pressure was also shown. The dynamic responses were confined to arterioles smaller than about 20 micrometers while the steady-state response was present in larger arterioles as well. Even if the metabolic control system partly could be responsible for the obtained responses, arguments are given that the described reactions are mainly myogenic in nature. PMID- 7315452 TI - Enhancement of active tension during release phase of slow stretch-release cycle of quail oviduct. AB - There occur strong spontaneous contractions in the avian oviduct. These contractions are considered to effect the locus of the ovum during ovum transport. It is not known how there contractions are regulated and no comprehensive description of the concentrations exists. When a transversal strip cut from the magnum part of the oviduct was first stretched to a length of about 275% Lo (Lo = length in situ) and then released to a length of Lo at a rate of 1.7 min/min, it was found that contractions were different during release from those found during stretch. The rate of stretch and release, and the change in length, were physiological. i.e. they can be recorded under normal transport circumstances in vitro. The amplitude of active tension was usually larger during release than during stretch at comparable lengths. The duration of a single contraction on the other hand was significantly longer during stretch than during release, but the number of contractions was smaller. The total area of active tension was 1.34 times greater during release than during stretch. Passive tension always increased with stretching, while during release passive tension was smaller. It is discussed whether the changes are of membraneous origin or if they result directly from the contractile apparatus. PMID- 7315453 TI - Synaptic triggering of epileptiform discharges in Ca2 pyramidal cells in vitro. AB - Intra- and extracellular recordings were made in the transverse hippocampal slice in vitro to study the requirements for the triggering of epileptiform discharges of CA1 cells. Spontaneous and induced epileptiform discharges were produced by adding small amounts of sodium benzyl penicillin. Recorded intracellularly, the epileptiform activity consisted of a burst of action potentials superimposed on a depolarizing wave. Extracellular recordings demonstrated a marked synchronization. The epileptiform activity of the CA1 cells appeared without changes in the passive membrane properties or in the spike generating mechanism. Spontaneous epileptiform discharges of the CA2 cells depended upon a synaptic activation from the CA3 region. Stimulation of afferent fibres evoked an early and a late burst response in the CA2 cells. The long latency burst was caused by a re-excitation from the CA3 region. The early burst response seems to be an intrinsic property of the CA1 cells and may be induced by synaptic activation of either apical or basal dendrites. The findings suggest that synaptic depolarization is necessary for the generation of epileptiform discharges of the CA1 cells. PMID- 7315454 TI - Separation of colonic motor and blood flow responses to pelvic nerve stimulation in the cat. PMID- 7315455 TI - No effect of tetrodotoxin on catecholamine release from the perfused cat adrenal gland. PMID- 7315456 TI - Influence of high dose fentanyl on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. PMID- 7315457 TI - [Diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives. III. Synthesis and diuretic properties of various 2,4-diamino-6-(sulfamylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines]. PMID- 7315458 TI - [4-chloro-5-sulfamylbenzoic acid derivatives. VII. Synthesis and diuretic properties of various 2,4-diamino- and 2-amino-4-chloro-5-sulfamylbenzamide derivatives]. PMID- 7315459 TI - [Phenytoin and ethyl alcohol interactions in rats with regard to their effect on the central nervous system after single dose administration]. PMID- 7315460 TI - [Condensation of phenylglyoxals with 3-acetylpyridine]. PMID- 7315462 TI - [Search for pharmacologically active piperazine compounds. VIII. 1-[beta-(N pyridino 2)-ethyl]-4-[(gamma-benzoyl)-propyl] piperazines]. PMID- 7315463 TI - [Rheological studies and biopharmaceutical evaluation of ointments containing selected antibiotics. II. Effect of the ointment base on rheological properties and the rate of liberation and absorption of chloramphenicol]. PMID- 7315461 TI - [Anilide derivatives of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin acetic acid]. PMID- 7315464 TI - [Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of various aminophenyl pyridazine derivatives]. PMID- 7315465 TI - [Elaboration of the method of detection and determination of neurotropic drugs in the blood of persons driving motor vehicles]. PMID- 7315466 TI - [Method of in vitro evaluation of the activity of antacids]. PMID- 7315467 TI - [Physico-chemical studies on adsorptive properties of pharmaceutic aids used in pharmaceutical technology. II. Mechanism of adsorption of sulfonamides on Veegum]. PMID- 7315468 TI - [Use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the study of biological products, Ossobolin and lipotropin]. PMID- 7315469 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of iron ions]. PMID- 7315470 TI - [Pharmacological studies on 2 phthalic acid imide derivatives]. PMID- 7315471 TI - [Studies on adsorptive properties of medicinal charcoal. V. Adsorption of drugs with alkaline and acid properties on medicinal charcoal]. PMID- 7315472 TI - [Effect of pyralgin on pharmacodynamics and kinetics of hexobarbital]. PMID- 7315473 TI - [Central effect of various new carbamide and succinimide derivatives of benzoxazolone-2]. PMID- 7315474 TI - [Biofeedback treatments: a blunder? (author's transl)]. AB - The persistent intricacy of published positive results of fundamental researches on biofeedback and data obtained with its therapeutical applications leaves the clinician quite puzzled before such a controversial topic. The author states how biofeedback methodology definitely enriched our understanding of internal regulatory mechanisms and that of interrelations between internal and external environments. On the other hand, it is shown that present-day therapeutical applications (except those relevant to organic pathology) still do not undeniably demonstrate the efficacy of biofeedback. The author views this as the result of some obvious conceptual errors, namely the over simplification of the physiopathological conceptions shared by the practitioners of biofeedback and the nature of the symptomatic approach to psychosomatic functional disorders, as elaborated apart from a more global perspective embodying the relationships between the organism and his environment. The author finally questions the validity of a reasoning process that parallels disorders from an organic origin and those with a functional aetiology for the purpose of therapy. PMID- 7315475 TI - [The depressive process. Critical analysis of the models of Beck and Lewinsohn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315476 TI - [Critical factors in cognitive and behavioral treatments of depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315477 TI - [Behavior therapies and phobia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315478 TI - [Behaviour therapy and sexual dysfunctions. Toward a "multimodal" model for analysis and treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315479 TI - Functional and structural rat kidney changes caused by peroral or parenteral lithium treatment. AB - Renal functional and structural changes were studied in rats treated with lithium for 5 months. The lithium was administered in two different ways: in the food or as a daily intraperitoneal injection. In the perorally treated rats serum lithium was relatively constant during the day. In the injected rats serum lithium reached a high peak value just after the injection followed by a decrease to very low values. In all rats an increased water consumption and a reduced renal concentration ability were seen during lithium treatment. Light microscopy showed focal degenerative changes in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. These changes comprised nuclear and cellular polymorphism and tubular dilatation. The functional as well as the structural changes were most pronounced in the rats treated with peroral lithium, and a correlation between the functional and morphological changes was present. It is concluded that lithium is more harmful to the kidney when the administrations give a relatively constant serum lithium level, such as in peroral administration, than when administration causes great variations, including peak values and very low minimum levels in serum lithium. The reason for this might be that a number of regenerative processes occur only in periods with low lithium concentrations. PMID- 7315481 TI - Present status and practice of electroconvulsive therapy at the Psychiatric Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. AB - During the 12-month period, 1 January 1978 to 31 December 1978, 690 people received 4,194 electroconvulsive treatments at the Psychiatric Hospital, Enugu. The diagnostic classifications of patients receiving this form of treatment included severe psychotic depression (and masked depression), catatonic schizophrenia (with marked withdrawal, mutism, or excitement); mania which has become unresponsive to major tranquilizers, some selected cases of acute delirium and the collective group "puerperal psychosis". Bilateral ECT was generally used and the frequency of treatment was two ECT's per week. The method of anaesthesia used is described and mention is made of the few and mild complications which were encountered. ECT was found to have reduced the total duration of stay in hospital (for in-patients). Considering the acute shortage of specialized manpower in the field of psychiatry in Nigeria, a suggestion is made for the establishment of community based psychiatric centres where, among other forms of therapy, ECT could be given in appropriate cases, on out-patient basis. The wider use of this form of treatment in deserving cases in psychiatric hospitals is also recommended. PMID- 7315480 TI - Sulpiride and the role of dopaminergic receptor blockade in the antipsychotic activity of neuroleptics. AB - It is now generally recognized that dopamine receptors exist in the CNS as different subtypes: D1 receptors, associated with adenylyl cyclase activity, and D2 receptor, uncoupled to a cyclic AMP generating system. In order to understand the role of D1 and D2 receptors in the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics, we have performed subchronic treatment with haloperidol, a drug which acts on D1 receptors, and sulpiride, a selective antagonist to D2 receptors. Long-term treatment with haloperidol does not induce significant supersensitivity of the D2 receptors. In fact under these conditions 3H-(-)-sulpiride binding, which is a marker of D2 receptor function, does not increase in rat striatum, while the long term administration of sulpiride itself produces supersensitivity of D2 receptors. Moreover, sulpiride does not induce supersensitivity of the D1 receptors, characterized by 3H-spiroperidol binding. These data suggest that both types of dopamine receptors may be involved in the clinical antipsychotic effects of neuroleptics. Unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway produces an increase of striatal dopaminergic receptors, measured either by 3H spiroperidol and 3H-(-)-sulpiride binding. These findings suggest that D1 and D2 receptors are present in postsynaptic membranes while it is still not known whether they exist in the same cellular elements. PMID- 7315482 TI - Lithium treatment and kidney function. A follow-up study of 237 patients in long term treatment. AB - Two years after a survey of the kidney function in 237 patients given long-term lithium treatment the patients were invited for reexamination. Of 184 patients who came for the reexamination 147 had continued lithium treatment; in 37 patients the treatment had been discontinued. The lithium-treated patients were compared with a group of 68 manic-depressive patients who were about to be given prophylactic lithium treatment but who had not yet started. Neither the patients who continued nor the patients who had discontinued lithium showed any deterioration of glomerular filtration rate as assessed through determination of the 24-h creatinine clearance and the serum creatinine concentration; mean values in the lithium-treated patients were the same as mean values in patients not yet given lithium. Impairment of renal water reabsorption, revealed by increased 24-h urine volume and decreased urine osmolality after DDAVP, had progressed in the patients who continued lithium treatment, and multiple regression analysis revealed the duration of treatment and the serum lithium level to be significant predictor variables. In the patients who had discontinued lithium the changes in renal water handling had decreased. The urine volume was the same as that found in the patients not yet given lithium; maximum urine osmolality had not become fully normalized. Side effects such as thirst, nycturia, tremor, diarrhoea, oedema, and weight gain were found with the same frequency at the second as at the first examination in the patients who had continued lithium. In the patients who had discontinued lithium they were infrequent or absent. PMID- 7315483 TI - Duodenal ulcer, suicide, psychopathology and alcoholism. AB - The incidence of suicide in a consecutive series of 1,000 patients, who underwent Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer, has been estimated. After an observation period of 21-29 years 13.7% of those who had died had committed suicide. The psychiatric morbidity in this ulcer group was found to be very high. Among the psychiatric diseases alcoholism was dominating, but also non-psychotic conditions such as neurosis and psychopathy were frequent. Fifty per cent of the persons who had committed suicide were alcoholics, and the alcohol abuse seemed to develop after surgery. Gastric resection for duodenal ulcer may have pathogenetic importance in the development of alcoholism, which is known as a predictor of suicide. The importance of considering psychiatric disturbances in the postoperative follow-up is stressed. PMID- 7315484 TI - Characteristics of depressive patients contacting psychiatric services in four cultures. A report from the who collaborative study on the assessment of depressive disorders. AB - The paper is a report on results obtained in the course of a multi-centre international study on depressive disorders in four countries, which was sponsored and co-ordinated by the World Health Organization. A screen form was developed and tested in order to select depressive patients among psychiatric in patient and out-patient populations. The patients selected in this way were assessed clinically by experienced investigators using the WHO schedule for Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (SADD). A total of 53 patients were evaluated in the five research centres, and the data were utilized in uni- and multivariate statistical analyses aiming to establish whether similar cases of depression could be found in different cultures, to describe their characteristics and to ascertain the extent to which diagnostic concepts and classification categories could be applied in different settings. The results point to a considerable degree of similarity in depressive symptomatology across the cultures if particular selection criteria are applied, and suggest that broad diagnostic groupings such as 'endogenous' and 'psychogenic' depressions could be used consistently by clinicians working in different cultures. PMID- 7315485 TI - Child psychiatric advice to legal authorities concerning custody and post-divorce visiting rights. Results of collaboration of lawyers and child psychiatrists over a 2-year period. AB - The need of the judicial system for psychiatric and psychological examination of parents and children prior to decisions concerning custody and visiting rights is illustrated. Further, the possibility of establishing collaboration with legal authorities is discussed. Most child psychiatric and child psychological clinics in Denmark declared themselves willing to take part in the investigation carried out during 1975 and 1976. Within this period the legal authorities referred 232 cases. The indication for expert advice is discussed. Our suspicion that the parties in these selected cases often were suffering from serious mental disorders was confirmed. The difficulties of evaluating the child's views are described. The authors conclude that it is impossible to fix a lower limit for the age at which children are to be heard in court. The legal decision usually accorded with the conclusion drawn from the statement. The investigation resulted in the establishment of a more permanent collaboration of lawyers and psychiatric examiners with regard to custody and visiting rights. PMID- 7315486 TI - A relation between seasonal temperature and the birth rate of schizophrenic patients. AB - The relation between schizophrenia birth rates and environmental temperature was studied in patients born in England and Wales during 1921-1955 and first admitted there in 1970-1977. A methodological difficulty due to varying age-incidence was avoided by the use of indices independent of yearly changes in rates. Birth rates in the second quarter and in the first half of the year showed high negative correlations with mean temperatures of the first quarter and first half of the year. Comparison of years with the coldest and with the warmest seasons showed the schizophrenia birth rate to be consistently higher in the coldest years. No comparable relations between birth rates and temperature were found for patients with affective psychosis, neurosis or personality disorder. The findings indicate an association between schizophrenia birth rates and temperature of a kind similar to that between infant death rates and temperature during the years 1921 55. Some implications are discussed. PMID- 7315487 TI - Prevalence of suicidal feelings in a sample of non-consulting medical students. AB - Five hundred and sixteen final-year non-consulting medical students were studied as to the occurrence of different degrees of suicidal feelings. A total of 12.6% reported some degree of suicidal feelings during the past year. Responses ranged along a continuum such that subjects reporting the more intense feelings also reported the less intense feelings. In 5.6% of the subjects the maximum intensity was only a feeling that life was not worthwhile, 4% had thought of taking their life, 0.9% had seriously considered suicide or made plans, and 0.4% had made an actual suicide attempt. Subjects experiencing suicidal feelings in the past year had had more minor psychiatric symptoms, particularly of depression, and had experienced more stressful events and somatic illness. In these respects they resembled the description of completed suicide. PMID- 7315488 TI - Similarities and differences in the approach of R. M. Reitan and A.R. Luria. AB - The approaches of Reitan and Luria to the brain-behaviour relationships are compared in terms of the dichotomy between clinical neuropsychology and behavioural neurology, indirect inference and direct inference, standard approach and flexible approach. The underlying neuropsychological models of Halstead and Reitan and of Luria are confronted. The outcomes of a pilot study comparing the results of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNTB) and Luria's Neuropsychological Investigation (LNI) in Christensen's version are briefly mentioned. The possibilities of an integration of these two approaches are discussed and a step approach to the neuropsychological assessment described. PMID- 7315489 TI - Genetic independence of manic-depression and schizophrenia. AB - Increasingly sophisticated twin and adoption research has demonstrated major genetic contributions to the etiology of manic-depression and schizophrenia. But studies disagree concerning whether the two are genetically related illnesses. This lack of consensus could be due to individual, regional, and temporal differences in the criteria used to diagnose the two conditions. This study is the first to employ the new DSM-III criteria. Schizophrenia was no more common in the 1,098 first-degree relatives of 100 male and 100 female manic-depressives than it is in the population at-large. This would appear to strengthen the view that manic-depression and schizophrenia are genetically unrelated diseases. PMID- 7315490 TI - Platelet MAO activity and personality characteristics. A study in schizophrenic patients and normal individuals. AB - Low levels of platelet monoamine oxidase have been found in schizophrenic and bipolar depressive patients. The enzyme activity seems to correlate negatively with certain personality traits (social activity, sensation seeking, hypomania, positive affect and monotony avoidance) which are correlated to some extent with the score "extraversion" from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The present study was carried out in an attempt to investigate further the possible correlation between platelet MAO activity and the personality traits measured by the EPQ. 41 schizophrenic patients and 20 healthy probands were blindly examined for platelet MAO activity and personality characteristics. The enzyme activity was found to correlate negatively with the extraversion score in patients and healthy probands, which is in agreement with the data from other studies. This correlation is discussed and a hypothesis suggested. PMID- 7315492 TI - Sex-role patterns, paternal rearing attitudes and child development in different social classes. AB - Sex-role patterns, the father's rearing attitude and the child's intellectual and emotional development in different social classes were studied in a randomly selected sample of 58 Swedish unbroken families of a small child. Working class men and women married younger and the women were more often house-wives. Working class men had more often been reared in an "authoritarian" way and more often reared their children in the same way. Upper middle class men had taken a more active part in the care of the child. Working class children scored lower on the intelligence tests, especially the verbal ones and were more often estimated as socially immature. PMID- 7315491 TI - A follow-up study of operated transsexual males. AB - The opportuneness of operating on transsexuals has often been discussed but it has obviously been the only form of treatment they wish themselves. Most transsexuals in Denmark have been assessed at the Rigshospital prior to surgery. Since 1951, when the first operation on a transsexual took place, we have had a thorough preoperative knowledge of a total of 29 transsexual males who have all obtained official status as females and who have subsequently been followed up. A phenomenologically based clinical theory of the dynamic coherence of the symptomatology of transsexuals has been advanced. A special core group of transsexual males has been described as characterized by a stable defence in the form of a pseudofeminine narcissism, a stable ego strength, an intact reality testing and a poor genital interest. These patients are expected to have a relatively stable life postoperatively. Of the 29 operated transsexual males six were not interviewed, three had committed suicide and two refused to take part in the follow-up. These last five did not belong to the core group, whereas one patient, who emigrated to Canada after sex-reassignment, belonged to the core group. The remaining 23 have all been interviewed, of the 14 belonged to the core group. The average for the follow-up period is 6 years. The operations turned out not to be resocializing, rather the contrary. The majority had no occupation at follow-up and the number of persons with disablement pension had increased considerably. About 66% lived alone and the majority of those with sexual relationships had had problems. Both before and after operation the majority felt socially isolated. About 66% were satisfied with the surgical outcome, nevertheless 50% wished for supplementary plastic surgery. None of the patients showed signs of more severe psychic sufferings or psychoses postoperatively. Psychically, 83% felt better after than before sex-reassignment. The majority have had complications and subjective trouble in connection with plastic surgery leading to reoperations of the vagina in most of them. Almost 75% have had sexual relationships postoperatively but not without difficulties. Characteristic of the persons in the core group is a better economy, a better adjustment to the environment and less problems with neighbours, they are more satisfied with the surgical outcome and have had fewer surgical corrections and also have a better psychic condition than the rest. It is the general impression at follow-up that the advantages of sex-reassignment outweigh the disadvantages where the core group is concerned. But among the persons who do not belong to the core group subjective and objective problems seem so pronounced that operation must be advised against in spite of the often extremely, subjectively unsatisfactory condition of these patients preoperatively. PMID- 7315493 TI - Parental loss and reported childhood stress in young women who attempt suicide. AB - For young women aged 18 to 30 years who attempted suicide, and whose suicide attempts were of widely differing physical threat to life, the experience of parental death and separation or divorce, and of reported childhood stress, was similar, irrespective of the lethality of the suicide attempt. Taken as a group, the suicide attempters reported significantly greater childhood stress and more often had experienced parental loss through separation or divorce than young women in a control group. The association between parental loss and suicidal behaviour did not appear to be an artefact of a primary relationship between parental loss and depression. Five of eight reported childhood stress factors significantly distinguished the suicidal and control subjects. Those who attempted suicide were more likely to report a childhood broken home, that their parents quarrelled often, that they had frequent disagreements with their parents, that they had poor physical health, and that they perceived their parents' character negatively. PMID- 7315494 TI - A follow-up study of operated transsexual females. PMID- 7315495 TI - Genetic models of sex effect in unipolar affective illness. AB - Family study data on unipolar affective illness are analyzed by multiple threshold models of inheritance that incorporate sex effect. In these models males and females share a common genetic-environmental liability, but the less prevalent sex, i.e., males, has a higher genetic threshold for the disorder. Neither single major locus (SML) nor multifactorial-polygenic (MFP) transmission can account for the sex differences in the morbid risk for unipolar disorder. The implications for genetic research in affective disorders are discussed. PMID- 7315496 TI - Assessment of a secure/intensive care/forensic ward. AB - Recent trends in psychiatric hospitals have re-established the need for semi secure, well-staffed acute wards. Such a ward is described and 400 consecutive admissions over a 34-month period reviewed. Using 13 beds all the acute patients requiring security and intensive treatment are managed from a total catchment area of 600,000. A wide range of referral agencies and diagnostic categories are encountered. Staff in the general psychiatric hospital where the ward is situated are satisfied with the service. A small group of chronically-disturbed patients require separate facilities. PMID- 7315497 TI - Continued follow-up study of 120 persons born after refusal of application for therapeutic abortion. AB - An investigation material consisting of 120 persons who were born after refusal of an application for therapeutic abortion, with the same number of controls, has previously been followed up by the writers to the age of 21 years. This follow-up study has now been extended to completion of the 35th year. It is found that in social-psychiatric respects the index cases as a group are still somewhat worse situated than the control cases. However, the differences have to a certain extent levelled out and during the later part of the observation period no statistically significant differences can be demonstrated for any single variable. PMID- 7315499 TI - Rotating step-wedge technique for extraction of luminal cross-sectional area information from single plane coronary cineangiograms. AB - A cinedensitometric technique for extracting luminal cross-sectional area information is described. Linearization of cineangiographic gray scale with contrast medium thickness was achieved by use of a rotating step-wedge technique. Accuracy of the technique was estimated by filming, over the heart, contrast medium-filled cylindrical phantoms of diameters simulating a wide range of stenosis of a coronary artery. Expressed as (per cent stenosis), a mean error of 3.6 +/- 3.4 per cent between measured and known values of 72 cross-sectional area ratios was found (r = 0.981), and was significantly less than a 7.6 +/- 6.5 per cent error associated with area ratios derived from diameter measurements alone (p less than 0.005). PMID- 7315498 TI - Low platelet MAO activity and schizophrenia: sex differences. AB - The authors compared platelet monoamine oxidase activity in schizophrenic patients and normal controls. A significant reduction in the enzyme activity was found in the male schizophrenic patients but not in the females. No differences were detected among the subgroups of schizophrenia. Sources of bias and the possible mechanism for the findings are discussed. PMID- 7315500 TI - Radiographic screening for breast carcinoma. II. Prognostic considerations on the basis of a short-term follow-up. AB - Prognostic markers were analysed in a randomized screening project for breast carcinoma using mammary radiography as the only screening method. The proportion of small carcinomas (non-invasive carcinoma and invasive at most 10 mm across) was significantly larger among carcinomas detected at screening than that of carcinomas appearing in the control group. Furthermore, the rate of axillary metastasis was lower and the proportion of stage I disease significantly larger. The proportion of highly differentiated tubular carcinoma and intraductal carcinoma in situ was significantly larger in the screened group, while the proportion of less differentiated tubuloductal carcinoma, invasive comedocarcinoma and medullary carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration was larger in the comparison group. The findings strongly indicate that carcinomas found at radiographic screening represent, on the average, an earlier stage compared with carcinomas detected in clinical practice. PMID- 7315501 TI - Angiography in pancreatic disease reevaluated. A prospective and blind evaluation. AB - Eighty-six consecutive pancreatic angiographies were reviewed prospectively. Ater more than one year 79 of them were "blindly" and independently reviewed by three radiologists. The results concerning accuracy, value three radiologists. The results concerning accuracy, value of superselective technique at malignancy and prediction of extirpability at malignancy were compared. The accuracy was similar, i.e. at malignancy 92 and 86 per cent (mean), respectively, as the prediction of extirpability 88 and 80 per cent (mean), respectively. The value of superselective technique differed considerably, 55 and 14 per cent (mean), respectively, and this is discussed. Pancreatic angiography in relation to CT, ultrasound and ERCP is discussed and considered to be of value late in the diagnostic program. PMID- 7315502 TI - Antegrade spermatic phlebography in the diagnosis of metastases from testicular tumors. AB - Antegrade spermatic phlebography was performed in 18 patients in connection with orchiectomy because of testicular expanding lesions and was compared with other diagnostic methods. Fifteen of the cases were teratomas or seminomas. In 6 patients metastases were demonstrated at phlebography and later confirmed. In one case no abnormality was found at phlebography, nor at CT, but at lymphography metastases were found in not enlarged lymph nodes. Due to technical error at phlebography one case was falsely considered abnormal. The technique is described and its use as a screening procedure for metastases is advocated. PMID- 7315503 TI - Ultrasound and hypotonic duodenography in biliary obstruction. AB - Ultrasound examination and hypotonic duodenography were performed in 25 patients with obstructive jaundice. The diagnostic value of both methods with special reference to tumors in the head of the pancreas is discussed. PMID- 7315504 TI - Measurement of tibial torsion by computer tomography. AB - A CT procedure for objective measurements of tibial torsion independent of axial rotation in the nearby joints is described. Transverse sections in defined planes of the tibia permit easy calculation of normal and abnormal congenital or posttraumatic angles of torsion. In 69 limbs normal tibial torsion was 40 degrees +/- 9 degrees. In a series of 42 limbs with complicated healing of a fracture of both bones of the leg it is shown that tibial maltorsion is a deformity which in most cases leads to arthrosis of the ankle joint. PMID- 7315505 TI - Radiographic abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Radiographic lesion of the temporomandibular joint was found in 41 of 100 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis using a combination of radiographic techniques. In patients with abnormality, unilateral lesion occurred in 41 per cent. In patients with definite affection, a varying degree of destructions was observed in 93 per cent, restricted translatory movement of the mandibular head in 83 per cent. In many cases dystrophic or dysplasia-like changes occurred, with stump and thick, anteriorly positioned mandibular head and flat fossa. The lesions seemed to be most frequently associated with the polyarticular type, early onset and long duration of the disease. PMID- 7315506 TI - Computed tomography and hypocycloid tomography in lesions of the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. AB - In 31 patients with lesions mainly arising from the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx comparative evaluation of the results of CT and hypocycloid tomography indicated that CT generally gave a better representation of both the bony structures and the soft parts and alone has the capacity to evaluate intracranial extension. CT should first be performed in the transverse axial plane. If abnormalities in relation to horizontal bony structures are demonstrated, the examination should be supplemented by CT in the coronal plane or, if CT scanning in this plane is not possible, by conventional tomography. Enhancement after intravenous injection of contrast medium does not as a rule seem to add information of diagnostic importance. PMID- 7315507 TI - Film quality in image intensifier photofluorography. AB - Three films of different sensitivity and grain size were tested in 70 mm image intensifier photofluorography. The radiographic exposure was kept constant, adaptation to the different film speeds being achieved by different settings of the camera diaphragm. Reduced film speed implied a greater number of object details being recorded. PMID- 7315508 TI - Image distortion in rotational panoramic radiography. I. General considerations. AB - The projection system in rotational panoramic radiography is complex in the respect that there are two projections of the object working simultaneously, one in the horizontal and one in the vertical dimension, giving rise to distortion of three-dimensional objects in the image. A mathematical method is presented for transforming data from three-dimensional objects to image data. This method may be used when analysing different distortion effects inherent in panoramic films. PMID- 7315509 TI - Effect of intravenous administration of exogenous fats on the dynamics of plasmatic and erythrocytic lipids at rest and after physical exercise. PMID- 7315510 TI - The effect of amphetamine and diazepam on the restitution after the effort in healthy subjects. PMID- 7315511 TI - Storage of erythrocytes at temperatures -20 to -24 degrees C. PMID- 7315512 TI - Transfusion of blood and blood substitutes: indications, contraindications and risks. PMID- 7315513 TI - [Liver biopsy in cholestasis]. PMID- 7315514 TI - [The value of ultrasonography in the study of the cholestatic syndrome]. PMID- 7315515 TI - [Cholestasis]. PMID- 7315516 TI - [Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cholestasis]. PMID- 7315518 TI - [Biochemical changes in cholestasis. Peripheral impact]. PMID- 7315517 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Diagnostic advantage in the cholestasis patient]. PMID- 7315519 TI - Choledocholithiasis--a plea for biliary fenestration. PMID- 7315520 TI - Polarcardiographic analysis by automated digital minicomputer. PMID- 7315521 TI - [Hereditary brachydactyly with nail aplasia]. PMID- 7315522 TI - [Medical ethics in the contemporary world]. PMID- 7315523 TI - [Echocardiographic aspects of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 7315524 TI - Early exercise tests after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction before early discharge from hospital. AB - As part of an early mobilization and early discharge scheme, 76 consecutive low risk patients were selected from a population of 298 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, to undergo an exercise test. The test was done on the 7th day after an AMI. The patients were 57 men and 19 women of mean age 57 and 68 years, respectively. Twelve patients were unable to complete the test, but no serious complications were observed. Average heart rate during the highest exercise load (50 W) was 106 beats/min. The following risk indices (RI) were considered abnormal and were looked for during or after exercise: 1) heart rate greater than 125 (n = 12), 2) major ventricular arrhythmias (n = 3), 3) angina pectoris (n = 9), 4) ST deviation of more than 1 mm (n = 11). Two RIs were found in 9 patients during the exercise test which led to prolonged hospitalization. One RI was found in 26 patients (34%). Eighty-eight per cent (n = 36) of the patients with normal exercise test had an uneventful recovery during the six-month observation period, in contrast to 35% (n = 9) of patients with heart rate greater than 125 recovered normally, a significantly lower number (p less than 0.05) than among patients with a normal exercise test. Reinfarction occurred in one patient with normal exercise test and in six (23%) of those with one RI (p less than 0.01) and two of those with two RIs (N.S.). We conclude that a submaximal bicycle exercise test seven days after an AMI is a safe and useful selection instrument for early discharge from hospital as well as a useful predicting instrument of future complications. PMID- 7315525 TI - Associated conduction disturbances in patients with symptomatic sinus node disease. AB - Electrophysiological investigations were performed in 30 patients with symptomatic sinus node disease (SND) to assess the extent and distribution of associated functional disturbances in the conduction system. The tests were performed before and after inhibition of autonomous tone with propranolol, 0.1 mg/kg, and atropine, 0.02 mg/kg. Surface ECG had shown bundle branch blocks (BBB) in 5 patients and fascicular blocks in 2. AV block I had been recorded in 4 patients, while none had shown high-degree AV block. Malfunction was most often detected in the AV junction, 17 patients showing a prolonged conduction time or an abnormal effective AV node refractory period. Intraventricular conduction delay was present in 7 patients, with a prolonged HV interval in 3 and a complete permanent BBB in the others. Rate-dependent BBBs were demonstrated in a further 4 patients. Long cardiac arrests following interruption of atrial pacing, suggesting impaired automaticity also of subsidiary escape pacemakers, were seen in 11 patients. Only 6 patients, 20%, showed no signs of associated malfunction of the conduction system. Thus, detailed electrophysiological assessment demonstrated associated conduction abnormalities in the majority of these SND patients. The results agree with histopathological studies and show that sinus node malfunction is often the clinically apparent manifestation of a widespread degenerative process in the cardiac conduction system. PMID- 7315526 TI - Natural history of angina pectoris, possible previous myocardial infarction and intermittent claudication during the eighth decade. A longitudinal epidemiologic study. AB - A ten-year longitudinal cardiovascular survey of an unselected population of 70- and 80-year-old men and women was carried out as part of the Glostrup Population Studies in Denmark. With small reservations, the population at entry was representative of the Danish people of that age group, and representative in terms of mortality during the following decade. The prevalences of three major cardiovascular symptoms are given together with their courses, incidences and relationship to some common cardiovascular risk factors. At 70, the prevalence of angina pectoris was 10% in men and 5% in women, the corresponding values for possible previous myocardial infarction being 5% and 3%, and for intermittent claudication 9% and 3%, with statistically significant differences between the sexes for any of the three symptoms. At 80, the prevalences of all three symptoms in women had risen to equal that of men, which had not changed. Total ten-year mortality was significantly increased among men who had confirmed angina pectoris or possible previous myocardial infarction at 70 and among women who had confirmed intermittent claudication. Ten-year mortality from all cardiovascular diseases, and also from acute myocardial infarction alone, showed exactly the same pattern. In those examined at both 70 and 80, the ten-year incidences of the three symptoms were 3-11%. Few participants who had confirmed a symptom at 70 denied it at 80. PMID- 7315528 TI - Neutrophil function in hypothyroid patients. AB - We investigated whether some in vitro polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte functions were impaired in patients with hypothyroidism, since this disease has previously been associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious agents and decreased leukocyte heat production. PMNs from 9 of 17 hypothyroid patients exhibited a decreased ability to kill Staph. aureus in vitro compared with euthyroid controls (p less than 0.02). This was normalized in all patients tested after therapy with levothyroxine. In 3 patients, studied repeatedly during the initial phase of therapy, PMN bactericidal capacity was gradually normalized. In addition, PMN adherence to nylon fibres showed a transient decrease approximately 6 weeks after initiation of therapy. PMN chemiluminescence during phagocytosis of Staph. aureus and stimulated and spontaneous migration under agarose were normal and did not change during therapy. Thus, the decreased bactericidal capacity found in half of these hypothyroid patients might confer an increased susceptibility to cerain infectious agents. PMID- 7315529 TI - Microclot generation (MCG) test in disease. Preliminary report. AB - Heparinized blood was taken up into capillary tubes and kept in vertical position at 37 degrees C for 24 hours to allow the red cells to sediment. Microclots appearing as radiant fibrin stars were seen under phase microscopy in the plasma portion of blood from certain patients. Such a positive microclot generation (MCG) test occurred in patients with some inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as in patients with certain skin disorders. The data suggest that the MCG test may serve in the detection of endotoxemia. PMID- 7315530 TI - QT prolongation and ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Fourteen acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with early ventricular fibrillation (VF) were compared to 27 control patients without VF with regard to the corrected QT interval (QTc) and the QRS duration. Patients with complete bundle branch block (BBB) had been excluded. The QTc tended to be longer in the VF group than in the controls, but the difference, 13 msec, disappeared after exclusion of a further 5 VF patients and one control with QRS duration greater than 0.10 sec of other configurations than complete BBB. In the long QT syndrome of various types, VF is characteristically preceded by diastolic waves (DW) with larger amplitudes than the preceding T waves. None of the 5 AMI patients with an evaluable recording of the onset of VF, showed DWs preceding the arrhythmia. The results of this study do not support the opinion that VG is associated with a prolonged QT interval in AMI in the same way as in the long QT syndrome. The longer QT interval in patients with VF seems to be mainly secondary to the longer QRS duration. PMID- 7315527 TI - Improved results of closed commissurotomy for mitral stenosis using ultracardiography as selective ground. AB - The outcome was analysed in 122 of 124 patients with mitral stenosis subjected to closed commissurotomy 1967-1977. The follow-up time was 1-11 years. Postoperative improvement was seen in 79% of the patients, but after about 5 years, 15% of them had started to decline. A mitral prosthesis has been inserted in 13 patients reoperated so far. PMID- 7315531 TI - HbA1c and the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of haemoglobin A1c (HBA1C) determinations in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, the outcome of a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HbA1c values were compared in 178 consecutive subjects referred for a diagnostic OGTT. The subjects were mainly in age groups in which non symptomatic diabetes mellitus predominates. The prevalences of elevated fasting plasma glucose and abnormal OGTT were found to increase with increasing age. One third of the total series had impaired or diabetic OGTT. In the group with normal OGTT, 16% had fasting plasma glucose concentrations above the upper normal limit, but the range of HbA1c values did not differ from that of healthy controls. In the group with impaired OGTTs (n = 20), elevated HbA1c values were found only in subjects with elevated fasting plasma glucose and the highest two-hour OGTT values (n = 4). In the group with diabetic OGTT, 86-94% had HbA1c values above the upper normal limit, and HbA1c was elevated in all subjects with a fasting plasma glucose higher than 10.5 mmol/l or a 2-hour OGTT glucose value above 14.4 mmol/l. Using the results of the OGTT as the true diagnosis, HbA1c had a diagnostic specificity of 0.78 and sensitivity of 0.96. Only subjects with a substantially reduced glucose tolerance may be diagnosed by HbA1c determinations. PMID- 7315532 TI - Familial myeloproliferative disease. Hematological and cytogenetic studies. AB - A family is described in which a form of myeloproliferative disease involving the megakaryocytic cell line occurs in three generations, resulting in thrombocytosis in several members. An autosomal dominant transmission with variable penetrance is proposed, based on the distribution of involved members in the pedigree. Two family members appeared to have an abnormal chromosome 7, which is frequently observed in patients with hematological disorders. It is our opinion that the chromosomal aberration is primarily related to the mutagenicity of the cytostatic treatment, although a primary defect cannot be fully excluded. PMID- 7315533 TI - Fatal carbamazepine-associated hepatitis. Report of two cases. AB - Fatal hepatitis associated with intake of carbamazepine occurred in two females, 37 and 23 years old. The former used carbamazepine to prevent alcohol withdrawal symptoms. She had also been treated with disulfiram. The latter had used the drug as the only medication for epilepsy. This report supports the view that carbamazepine may induce serious hepatic damage. PMID- 7315534 TI - Morphogenetic effect of L-cysteine on dermatophytes. AB - In the presence of L-cysteine, all the 24 dermatophyton fungi under study grew poorly. None of the strains, except Trichophyton menatographytes var. quinckeanum, grew in the presence of 0.04 M L-cysteine. The strains growing on a medium containing L-cysteine showed morphological changes. The surface of the colonies lost its velvety appearance and became awnless or waxy. The strains grown in the presence of L-cysteine abundantly formed chlamydospores. The chains of chlamydospores may resemble yeast cell chains, but true budding forms were not found in cultures in vitro. If strains precultivated on L-cysteine-containing medium were injected intraperitoneally into mice budding forms appeared in the peritoneal fluid. PMID- 7315535 TI - Formalin stress reaction of germfree and conventional mice treated with Bordetella pertussis vaccine. AB - Germfree and conventional mice responded similarly to pertussis vaccine treatment. In both groups, lymphocytosis and splenomegaly developed in a similar proportion. The formalin stress reaction of germfree and conventional mice with hypertrophic lymphoid organs induced by pertussis vaccine differed from that of untreated mice: the treated germfree and conventional mice showed a acute increase of lymphocytosis without an significant change in splenomegaly. PMID- 7315536 TI - Is the colour of the mature aerial mycelium (spore mass) of streptomycetes a diagnostic key-character of decisive taxonomic importance? AB - A white sporulated stable mutant strain (strain No. 66/m) of a Streptomyces sp. belonging to the nigrescens group of the typical grey Streptomyces spp. has been isolated. On the basis of ISP *International Streptomyces Project) criteria strain No. 66/m would be considered a true member of the albus-group of Streptomyces (regarded by some workers as a well separated assemblage of species) all the more so because it fits into this alien group at least in such a degree as into that from which it has originated. Caution is necessary in using the aerial mycelium colour as a distinguishing diagnostic property for establishing large intraspecific groups, series, or even in separating species of Streptomyces. PMID- 7315537 TI - Double lysogeny of Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - While the plating efficiency of mycobacteriophage butyricum (By) on Mycobacterium smegmatis strain Rabinowitz (M.sm.R.) cells is less than 10(-8), it proved to be 5 X 10(-1) on the lysogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis strain Rabinowitz (M.sm.R. [V72]) cells. Bacteriophage By forms plaques on M.sm.R. cells at a very low frequency; it can, however, adsorb to these cells in the same degree as to its original host. The average burst size of Mycobacterium smegmatis strain butyricum (M.sm.b.) cells infected with mycobacteriophage By is 60, and that of M.sm.R. (V72) superinfected with bacteriophage By is only 6. A double lysognic strain was isolated from M.sm.R. (V72) cells surviving By phage infection. PMID- 7315538 TI - Morphologic and clinico-pathologic features of thymus tumours. AB - A total of 37 thymic tumours was studied out of which 29 proved to be of epithelial origin. Thymomas may be accompanied by a minimal, marked or an overwhelming lymphoid reaction, pointing to the degree of the cellular defensive mechanism. According to the findings, two main types of thymoma with minimal lymphoid reaction (light and dark cell types) can be distinguished. All the 7 light cell thymomas with minimal lymphoid reaction proved to be malignant in their clinical course. Thymomas of light cell origin with marked lymphoid reaction may be clinically benign or malignant. Thymomas with overwhelming lymphoid reaction were clinically benign. The clinical behavior of the dark cell thymomas was benign. The dark cell thymomas could be divided into subgroups with solid, lacunar and spindle cell forms. Three non-Hodgkin type thymic lymphomas were observed. The T cell origin of one of these tumours was demonstrated immunologically. All the five cases of Hodgkin type thymic lymphoma were morphologically identical to the modular sclerotic form of lymphogranulomatosis. PMID- 7315539 TI - Morphology of cholecystitis and gallstone formation. AB - One thousand gallbladders received from cholecystectomies were analyzed microscopically. Regarding the clinical symptoms the morphological signs of acute and chronic cholecystitis were established. Microscopic changes typical of acute cholecystitis were oedema, haemorrhage and necrosis; and of chronic cholecystitis, sclerosis, presence of haemosiderin pigment and scars. The initial injury of the gallbladder is caused by an angioneurotic reaction (vasospasm and vasodilation) taking place in the bed of the cystic artery during the biliary colic. Acute lesions in the gallbladder are the result of a stress-reaction which takes place in the wall of the biliary tract. Microscopic analysis of the content of removed gallbladder displayed the beginning of gallstone formation. The gallstones are considered a secondary complication of processes which occur in the gallbladder wall during biliary colic. The succession of separate factors which have a role in cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are specified. A new therapeutic approach, treatment with antihistaminics is proposed, to block the angioneurotic reaction and to prevent the progression of biliary tract disease and the formation of gallstones. PMID- 7315540 TI - Ultrastructure of human colorectal tumour xenografts maintained serially in immunosuppressed mice. AB - Five colorectal human tumour xenograft lines maintained by serial transplantation in immunosuppressed mice were studied by light and electron microscopy. Three had adenomatous while two had a mixed (adenomatous and mucinous) structure in the surgical specimens. After xenotransplantation in the mixed tumours the mucinous areas became dominant. Beside this there were no striking differences in the fine structure of the primarily implanted tumour compared with serially transplanted ones or between the different passages. The cells in adenomatous tumours formed acini with well-developed junctional complexes while the mucinous areas of mixed tumours were composed of single or loosely attached cells. In the former ones the cells had irregular microvilli on the apical surface and were separated from the stroma by a continuous basal lamina missing. The partially preserved functional activity was indicated by small vesicles in adenomatous, and mucin-droplets in mucinous tumours, showing intimate relationship with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and well-developed Golgi region. Some cells had features characteristic of both adenomatous and mucinous tumours. The ultrastructure of the studied tumours called attention to the possibility that malignant transformation may occur at different levels of cell differentiation. PMID- 7315541 TI - Fine structural study of the posterior pituitary after destruction of the hypophysial stalk in the rat. AB - Electrolytic destruction of the pituitary stalk in rats markedly affected their water metabolism and induced ultrastructural changes in the posterior pituitary. The urinary output increased for 1-2 days after surgery. Subsequently polyuria and polydipsia temporarily decreased and vasopressin excretion with the urine increased. This oliguric interphase was followed by permanent polyuria and polydipsia. No ultrastructural changes were apparent for a few hours after surgery, but 3-5 days later the number of electron-dense granules of the axons decreased and conglomerated in the form of multilamellar bodies. Phagocytic and excretory phenomena were observed in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and pericytes. The nuclei of pituicytes became loosened, and 5 days following surgery the mitochondria showed swelling and ruptures. The Golgi apparatus and the RER were prominent at 14 days, while degenerative lipid droplets accumulated in the cytoplasm. The fine structural findings, in agreement with the functional observations, support the assumption that the oliguric interphase is due to excessive discharge of vasopressin from the degenerating neural lobe of the pituitary. PMID- 7315542 TI - Regional distribution and time course of mitotic activity of astroglia in the immature mouse forebrain. AB - The regional distribution of mitotic figures in the immature mouse forebrain was mapped at various early postnatal periods up to P12, to determine the regional time courses of early postnatal cell proliferation. Mitotic figures seen outside the germinal layers appeared to be astroglial precursors; their postnatal proliferation was found to follow a well-defined regional programme. PMID- 7315543 TI - Effect of high-dose thyrotropic hormone treatment on the cells of the newborn rat thyroid. AB - Newborn rats were given 5 I.U. thyrotropic hormone (TSH) either in a single dose or in daily 1 I.U. doses for 5 days. The treatment resulted in the activation of only certain cells of the follicular epithelium. This suggests that the thyroid is responsive in newborn age but not all its cells react. The differences in the response to TSH may be due to different timing of receptor maturation, to the phasic nature of response and to the uneven presence of receptors. It is assumed that cells possessing receptors multiply to form the mature tissue. PMID- 7315544 TI - On the acute hepatotoxicity of inhaled vinyl chloride. AB - Acute toxicity of vinyl chloride exposure was studied by morphological methods in three species (mouse, rat, and rabbit). In rats and rabbits exposure to 1500 ppm of vinyl chloride for 24 hours did not cause pathological changes. In mice shorter inhalation (4 and 8 hours) resulted in circulatory changes, while longer exposure (12 and 24 hours) caused vasomotor paralysis followed by characteristic shock; subsequent alterations could be seen in the liver and lungs. The acute hepatotoxicity of vinyl chloride could not be proved. PMID- 7315545 TI - Fetal and early postnatal cyto- and synaptogenesis in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. AB - The fetal and early postnatal morphogenesis of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCH) was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Around the 15th fetal day many mitoses are present in the primordium of the SCH, and the 3rd cerebral ventricle is continuous with the eye cup. Between the 16th and 18th fetal days, tightly packed, uniform, small neurons, containing mainly polyribosomes, become differentiated. On the 17th fetal day, synapse-like formations (presynapses), while on the 18th day, synapses make their appearance on the dendrites. The number and degree of maturity of the synapses increase gradually. On the 20th fetal day, the neuropil of the SCH is characterized by a lattice-like structure; the larger dendrites cross each other, the spaces are filled with small bundles of delicate processes, supposedly axons. The fetal and early postnatal morphogenesis of the SCH seems to show a close resemblance to that of the arcuate nucleus investigated earlier by us. PMID- 7315547 TI - Definition of multiple congenital abnormalities. AB - The recommended definition of multiple congenital abnormalities is "a concurrence of (1) two or more (2) different (i.e. different localized errors in morphogenesis) (3) major congenital abnormalities in the same person". The baseline data of multiple congenital abnormalities in the Surveillance of the Hungarian Congenital Anomalies, 1970-1976, are shown. PMID- 7315546 TI - Cytochemical characterization of hepatitis B virus infected liver cells in chronic liver diseases. AB - The cytochemical characteristics of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) components, the nuclei and cytoplasm of the infected cells were studied in liver needle biopsy material obtained from patients suffering from serologically HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis. The HBV surface and core components were found to be more resistant to proteolytic enzymes and phospholipase than the other cellular components, and only combined digestion was effective. With preferential RNP and specific DNP staining the accumulation of granules 10-20 nm and 20-40 nm in diameter could be observed in the liver cell nuclei. The cytochemical morphological polymorphism of the latter was well detectable. Part of the granules corresponded to accumulated perichromatin granules. It is assumed that the groups of granules 20-40 nm in diameter, showing a varying density on DNP staining, similar to the chromatin on RNP staining, and not surrounded by a peripheral area represents one of the forms of appearance of the HB virus core component. PMID- 7315548 TI - The Gardner neurovascular decompression operation for trigeminal neuralgia. AB - W. James Gardner developed a unique operation to treat selected cases of trigeminal neuralgia. In 1959 Gardner described the vascular decompression operation of the trigeminal nerve, an operation which has been further refined and popularized by Jannetta and has often been misnamed as the Jannetta operation. Gardner should be given credit for conceiving and developing this neurovascular decompression operation. The value of this operation is illustrated by two cases. PMID- 7315549 TI - Simultaneous cerebral and spinal fluid pressure recordings. I. Technique, physiology, and normal results. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid pulsation is likely to be responsible for the progression of some diseases, and it is differences in pressure which are significant in causing the imposition of energy upon tissues. The normal range of such differences has not been extensively documented. A technique for measuring intracranial and intraspinal pressures simultaneously in erect conscious patients is described. Normally the pressures are in a continual state of pulsation in response to changes in pressure in the arteries and veins. The measurements of CSF pressure fluctuations in response to normal cardiac pulsation, respiratory changes, coughing, Queckenstedt's test, and a variation of Valsalva's manoeuvre have been recorded, and the physiology has been discussed. PMID- 7315550 TI - Compression of the outlets of the leptomeningeal veins--the cause of intracranial plateau waves. AB - The hypothesis is developed that plateau waves (PW) are caused by an abrupt elevation of postcapillary flow resistance induced by compression of the outlets of the leptomeningeal veins. It is shown by means of a physical model that the main prerequisite for venous outlet compression consists in an elevation of the outflow resistance of the cerebrospinal fluid. Resolution of PW is demonstrated to be brought about by expulsion of fluid from the cranial vault during the plateau phase, thus allowing the outlets of the leptomeningeal veins to re-open. Brain shifting seems also to participate in this redistribution of the intracranial space in favour of the vasculature. It is further proven that PW may occur in rats with chronically or acutely increased CSF outflow resistance. PW triggering was investigated in these animals. All phenomena known to be related to PW are explained by the concept developed. PMID- 7315552 TI - Changes in the requirements for blood transfusion in brain surgery. AB - The amount of blood used in transfusions during certain neurosurgical operations was less in 1978-79 than in 1971-72 and in 1965-66. The operations investigated were for gliomas and meningiomas of the brain, pituitary adenomas, acoustic neurinomas, arteriovenous malformations, and arterial aneurysms. The major change in anaesthetic techniques between 1965-66 and 1971-72 was the introduction of hypocapnia by controlled artificial hyperventilation. We suggest that this was the main factor responsible for the reduction in the need for blood transfusions. The avoidance of halothane, the use of induced hypotension, and microsurgical technique may have been responsible for the smaller drop between 1971-72 and 1978 79. Good neurosurgical anaesthesia demands anaesthetic expertise, reliable apparatus, and instant laboratory service, but may also reduce costs by reducing the need for blood transfusions. PMID- 7315551 TI - Sodium nitroprusside and intracranial pressure. AB - The effects of sodium nitroprusside on intracranial pressure were studied in 10 patients, candidates for surgical treatment, prior to anaesthesia. Blood pressure was lowered to at least 50% of its initial value. In all cases, at the beginning of nitroprusside infusion, both the mean and the pulse intracranial pressures increased (mean increase: 83.2% of the initial value). At a certain moment, however, while the blood pressure continued to fall, the mean intracranial pressure did not increase any more; on the contrary, it decreased. On the other hand, in many cases, the pulse intracranial pressure continued to increase. No neurological or EEG changes were observed. The possible changes of cerebral circulation and CSF dynamics underlying the phenomena observed are discussed. PMID- 7315553 TI - Computed tomography of intracranial epidermoid tumours with special reference to atypical features. AB - Intracranial intradural epidermoid tumours have been known to show characteristic CT features consisting of non-enhancing lucent lesions with sharply defined margins that are often irregular and scalloped. Since the epidermoid tumours are benign, potentially curable lesions, it should be also noted that they may occasionally show atypical CT features such as dense lesion, definite marginal enhancement following contrast medium injection, or tumour associated with large, heavy calcifications. Four such atypical cases are reported, and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 7315554 TI - Intracerebral arachnoidal cyst containing choroid plexus. Case report. AB - A case of an intracerebral "primary" arachnoidal cyst of the left fronto-parietal region is reported. No communication with the ventricular system or with subarachnoidal space was found at the first surgical procedure. It contained genuine choroid plexus and clinically behaved as an expansive intracranial mass. PMID- 7315555 TI - Symptomatic herpes zoster and sciatica. A case report. AB - The author reports a case of a 44-year-old woman with sciatica due to a herniated lumbar disc complicated by the appearance of a zoster eruption over the same, or nearly the same, dermatome. Among the causative factors that trigger herpes zoster prolapsed intervertebral disc is not usually included. PMID- 7315556 TI - The role of percutaneous cordotomy in the treatment of chronic cancer pain. AB - The authors report on 53 cervical percutaneous cordotomies in 52 patients suffering from chronic unilateral cancer pain. The evaluation of the results is based upon the patient's report of complete pain relief. Immediate and long term pain relief as well as complications and mortality rate are analysed. Excellent surgical results were obtained in 73% after one week and in 63% 15 weeks after operation. The topographical distribution of pain seems to influence the pain relief; the location of the cancer does influence the nature of the complications. Furthermore, the occurrence of other pain syndromes, controlateral to or above the level of analgesia, is evaluated. This appears to be an important limitation of the usefulness of cordotomy. PMID- 7315557 TI - Simultaneous cerebral and spinal fluid pressure recordings. 2. Cerebrospinal dissociation with lesions at the foramen magnum. AB - Simultaneous intraventricular and intraspinal pressure recordings in erect patients with obstructive lesions of th CSF pathways reveal differences in pressure which are frequently transitory and produced by pulsation. In non-acute cases without papilloedema but with suspected hindbrain hernia delay in equalization after pressure pulses may be demonstrated, and after Valsalva's manoeuvre differences between the head and the spine may be generated transiently and be responsible for clinical symptomatology. The particular clinical features related to hindbrain hernia are syringomyelia, cough headache, cough syncope, and lower cranial nerve signs with oscillopsia and cerebellar ataxia. Correction of the pressure dissociation is often associated with marked clinical improvement. It is suggested that this form of testing may be of relevance as an indication for operation and also for monitoring the progress of post-operative patients. PMID- 7315558 TI - A large convexity meningioma followed by liquorrhoea from a nasal encephalocele. A case report. AB - A 46-year-old woman was readmitted, two years after removal of a large convexity meningioma, because of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea from a nasal encephalocele eventually visualized by CT-scan. The encephalocele was extirpated via an intracranial approach, and its histological appearance is described. The aetiology of this extracranial brain tissue protrusion is discussed. It is suggested that the mechanisms behind the formation of this encephalocele are a combination of a congenital malformation and the long term increase of the intracranial pressure due to the meningioma. PMID- 7315559 TI - Frequency of primary brain stem lesions after head injuries. A CT scan analysis from 186 cases of severe head trauma. AB - Analysis of level of brain stem dysfunction, evolution, and CT scan profile was made on 76 cases of head injuries with prolonged unconsciousness and without hemispheric focal lesion and midline shift on CT scan. Eleven cases were considered normal on CT scan. The CT scan aspect of primary brain stem lesion was identified in 31.5% of these series, and in 14.5% of all severe head traumas (186 cases), from which this series is taken. Primary and secondary CT scan profiles were observed whatever the clinical level of dysfunction and its evolution. Pontine lesions were mainly associated with haemorrhage in the brain stem and diffuse brain swelling; but minimal signs (cortical level) and benign outcome can also be related to axial haemorrhage. These results emphasize the frequency of primary brain stem lesions and the value of CT scan in head injuries. PMID- 7315560 TI - Persistent vegetative state after multiple trauma. A clinicopathologic study. AB - The clinico-pathological findings are reported in a case with persistent vegetative state after multiple cerebral lesions. The lesions are small in size, and are situated at different levels of the CNS, some of them being important in the maintenance of wakefulness and motor initiative. The differential diagnosis and the isolation of such a syndrome are discussed. PMID- 7315561 TI - Intracranial arterial aneurysms in children and adolescents. AB - This is a report on 32 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by rupture of an intracranial arterial aneurysm in the 0-19 age group. Sixteen of the aneurysms were situated in the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery, 8 in the anterior communicating artery, 4 in the posterior communicating artery, two in PICA, one in the middle cerebral artery, and one in the pericallosal artery. Direct intracranial clipping of the neck of the aneurysm was carried out in 26 cases, proximal clipping in three, wrapping in two, and common carotid ligation in one case. There was one death from surgery. The surgical mortality was thus 3.1%. In 80% of cases the result was good, i.e., the patient had no neurological deficit and was able to work or continue at normal school. The psychological tests indicated some cognitive deficits in aneurysm patients as compared to the control patients. The common feature of these deficits seemed to be an impairment of active retrieval and searching of memory, while common cognitive skills were usually preserved. Four of the five patients who were disabled had obvious deficits in their performances. In the other patients these deficits did not affect their capacity for work or studies, and they were usually unaware of them. Children seem to tolerate surgery better than adults. Comatose or drowsy patients should not be operated on. The operative method of choice is direct intracranial clipping of the neck of the aneurysm. PMID- 7315562 TI - Aneurysm of distal anterior cerebral artery associated with azygos anterior cerebral artery. AB - An aneurysm arising from the distal anterior cerebral artery distal to the bifurcation of the azygos anterior cerebral artery is reported. A review of the literature emphasizes the rarity of this lesion. PMID- 7315563 TI - Aneurysm on a persistent hypoglossal artery. AB - The authors report a patient with saccular aneurysm on a left persistent hypoglossal artery who suffered subarachnoid haemorrhage from an aneurysm of the right distal anterior cerebral artery. A review of the literature emphasizes the rarity of the occurrence of an aneurysm on a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery itself. PMID- 7315565 TI - An improved balloon catheter technique for the occlusion of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas (CCF). AB - By means of a case report a shortcoming of balloon catheter techniques for intravascular occlusion of CCF is demonstrated: the procedure by which the balloon is detached from the filling catheter is unreliable and may further traumatise the vessel wall. We describe a new technique that allows careful, gentle, and effortless detachment of the balloon by means of a melting-off technic. PMID- 7315564 TI - Factors influencing the development of Moyamoya phenomenon. AB - Both the Moyamoya Phenomenon and occlusion of the internal carotid fork are essential radiological findings in true Moyamoya Disease of unknown aetiology. However, the Moyamoya Phenomenon is often observed in occlusive diseases of the internal carotid bifurcation of known aetiology. The authors recently observed acute development of the unilateral Moyamoya Phenomenon following severe vasospasm of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries due to rupture of an anterior communicating aneurysm. The following four factors have been suspected of contributing to development of the Moyamoya Phenomenon: 1. The chronology of arterial occlusion. 2. Extent and location of occlusion. 3. The cause of occlusion. 4. Anatomical and functional disposition of the basal circulation. As regards the chronology, chronic or slowly progressive arterial stenosis has been thought to be a mandatory factor in development of a Moyamoya network, which plays an important role in the form of collateral channels. However, based on the findings outlined in this paper, the congenital factor may be the most important of the four factors. PMID- 7315566 TI - Effect of 5 days reserpine treatment on the cerebellar GABAergic system. PMID- 7315567 TI - Bilateral lesion of the occipital lobes. A case study. Course of recovery and neuropsychologic considerations. PMID- 7315568 TI - Abnormal cholesterol distribution in plasma lipoproteins of male patients with ischemic brain disease. PMID- 7315569 TI - [Behavior modification technics: experience with typical children conducted at the Fray Bernardino Alvarez children's psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 7315570 TI - [Multifactorial etiology and evolution of chronic depression]. PMID- 7315571 TI - [Analysis of the factors determining demand for psychiatric care in a sample of the general population]. PMID- 7315572 TI - [Importance of tomodensitometry (CT) in the detection of organic brain lesions in severe psychotic depressions. Report of 4 cases]. PMID- 7315573 TI - [Non-directive play therapy: essence and research]. PMID- 7315575 TI - [Effect of personal factors on the prevalence of neuroses. A study of community epidemiology]. PMID- 7315574 TI - [Generalized and focal paroxysmal findings in the EEG without seizure manifestations]. PMID- 7315576 TI - [Psychiatric epidemiology and assistance: the identification of needs]. PMID- 7315577 TI - [Attitude of the family toward the hospitalized psychiatric patient: factors which can condition it]. PMID- 7315578 TI - [Erythropoietic protoporphyria. Report of four cases]. PMID- 7315580 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma. Prospidium chloride treatment]. PMID- 7315579 TI - [CRST syndrome]. PMID- 7315581 TI - [Dermatologic corticosteroid therapy up-date]. PMID- 7315582 TI - [Livedo vasculitis]. PMID- 7315583 TI - [Kaposi's angiosarcoma. "Initial" histological form]. PMID- 7315584 TI - [Lyell's syndrome. Clinical, histological, enzymatic and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 7315585 TI - [Familial angioneurotic edema. Presentation and evolution of 3 cases]. PMID- 7315587 TI - [Epithelioma cuniculatum]. PMID- 7315586 TI - [Statistics on epithelial skin cancers in Romance language-speaking European countries]. PMID- 7315588 TI - [Piccardi-Graham Little-Lasseur syndrome]. PMID- 7315589 TI - [Focal acantholysis associated with common psoriasis]. PMID- 7315590 TI - [Current clinical aspects of syphilis. Apropos of the frequency of atypical clinical forms]. PMID- 7315591 TI - [Risks of blood transfusion]. PMID- 7315592 TI - [Hemorrhage and its prevention in the surgery of staghorn calculi]. PMID- 7315593 TI - [Role of the endoscopy department in urologic hospital endemic disease]. PMID- 7315595 TI - [Deferred nephrectomy following embolization in a renal tumor]. PMID- 7315594 TI - [Pathogenic importance of stenosis of the female urinary meatus in recurrent urinary infection]. PMID- 7315596 TI - [Histology of the embolized tumorous kidney]. PMID- 7315597 TI - [A new sign in the post-embolization syndrome]. PMID- 7315598 TI - [Wunderlich syndrome. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 7315599 TI - [Cowperitis]. PMID- 7315600 TI - Serotonin. Current aspects of neurochemistry and function. PMID- 7315602 TI - Influence of plasma tryptophan on brain 5HT synthesis and serotonergic activity. AB - Studies are described on the effect of plasma tryptophan changes on brain 5HT synthesis in man and rat. Results show that human brain 5HT synthesis is influenced by the supply of tryptophan to the brain. This is indicated by: (a) significant correlations between plasma free tryptophan and CSF 5HIAA concentrations; (b) raised cortical 5HT concentrations after infusing tryptophan. In rat experiments, determinations of brain tryptophan uptake from a bolus of plasma injected into the carotid artery showed: (a) increased uptake when bolus free tryptophan was raised and total tryptophan kept constant; (b) unchanged uptake when bolus free tryptophan was kept constant and total tryptophan decreased. Brain tryptophan uptake from a buffer bolus was decreased by large neutral amino acids. Plasma total tryptophan could be rapidly decreased and free tryptophan increased by briefly disturbing food deprived rats. When free tryptophan concentration rose markedly there was an associated increase of brain tryptophan and 5HT turnover. Studies of shock provoked analgesia in rats and cortical evoked potentials in man both suggest that physiological variations of serotonergic activity are sufficient to influence these measures. This raises the possibility that moderate changes of tryptophan supply to the brain could, in some circumstances, alter serotonergic activity. PMID- 7315601 TI - Effects of peripherally and centrally administered serotonin on primate spinothalamic neurons. PMID- 7315603 TI - Regulatory properties of neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase. PMID- 7315604 TI - Studies on the oxygen sensitivity of tryptophan hydroxylase. PMID- 7315605 TI - Serotonin-receptors coupled with an adenylate cyclase in the rat brain: non identity with 3H-5-HT binding sites. PMID- 7315606 TI - Serotonin binding protein: role in transmitter storage in central and peripheral serotonergic neurons. PMID- 7315607 TI - The action of serotonin in the rat hippocampus. PMID- 7315608 TI - Uptake and metabolism of serotonin and amino acids in thiamine deficiency. PMID- 7315609 TI - The serotonin connection: some evidence for a specific metabolic organization. PMID- 7315610 TI - Developmental-regulatory aspects of brain tryptophan hydroxylase. PMID- 7315611 TI - Radioautographic investigation of serotonin cells. PMID- 7315612 TI - The interaction of indole derivatives with the serotonin receptor and non dopaminergic circling behaviour. PMID- 7315613 TI - An animal behavior model for decreased central serotonergic function. PMID- 7315614 TI - Anatomical evidence for GABA-5 HT interaction in serotonergic neurons. PMID- 7315615 TI - Metabolic and morphologic brain reactions in shock induced by intracisternal injection of endotoxin. PMID- 7315616 TI - Sympathetic neuroeffector transmission to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle in porcine superior mesenteric arterial occlusion (SMAO) shock. AB - Splanchnic arterial occlusion shock results in pulmonary endothelial damage and depression of porcine intralobar pulmonary artery and vein contractility. This study evaluates the functional integrity of the adrenergic nerves innervating intralobar pulmonary arteries and veins and the changes in neurotransmission following 1) superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock in swine; 2) sequential inhibition of prostacyclin, thromboxane, and prostaglandin synthesis; and 3) mechanical stripping of the endothelium. Rings of porcine intralobar pulmonary arteries and veins were obtained from sham and SMAO shocked swine. They were suspended in muscle baths and stimulated transmurally at 1-32 Hz, 2 msec duration, 2 msec delay at 7.5-10V. Some experiments were performed on rings of intralobular pulmonary arteries and veins in which the endothelium was stripped with a razor blade. Appropriate inverted-reverted controls were used to account for any deleterious effects of the preparatory techniques involved in stripping. Intralobar pulmonary arteries and veins from sham swine contracted in response to 1 Hz, with maximum responses at 32 Hz. The responses to nerve stimulation were enhanced by cocaine and inhibited by phentolamine, an alpha-receptor antagonist. Inhibition of endothelial prostacyclin synthesis, as well as endothelial stripping, diminished by 30-40% the responses to nerve stimulation. The responses to nerve stimulation were depressed in both intralobar pulmonary arteries and veins in SMAO shocked swine. The data demonstrate physiologic regulation of neural control in porcine pulmonary blood vessels. Furthermore, the data suggest that prostaglandin, the vascular endothelium, and shock, may modify this process. PMID- 7315617 TI - Salutary effects of a splenic factor in acute hemorrhagic shock. AB - We have previously described the protective effects of a lipoidal splenic factor (SF) in mice challenged with E coli endotoxin. Whether SF would prove protective in hemorrhagic shock was the subject of the present study. Anesthetized and heparinized Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg. Pressure was maintained at this level for 90 minutes after which all blood was returned to the animals. Control animals received saline (1 ml) IP and the experimental animals SF (10 mg/kg) IP in an equal volume of saline as the controls one hour before bleeding. The 24-hour survival of the controls was 12% (3/25), whereas that of the SF recipients was 67% (4/6) (P less than 0.01). The exact mechanisms by which SF is protective in hemorrhagic shock remain to be determined. PMID- 7315618 TI - The effect of intravenous fluid administration on the cardiopulmonary sequelae of burn wound sepsis. AB - Burned sheep, which were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and received intravenous fluid administration, were compared to similarly infected animals allowed free access to oral fluid. In both instances cardiopulmonary variables were measured for three days following inoculation. Both groups demonstrated an elevation in heart rate and hematocrit and a fall in PaO2 and leukocyte count. The animals that received fluid resuscitation demonstrated basically the same cardiovascular response to sepsis as animals that resuscitated themselves. We conclude that the hypodynamic response to sepsis is not secondary to an inadequate fluid intake. PMID- 7315619 TI - Circulatory isolation of the liver for studying energy metabolism in trauma and sepsis. AB - An isolated level model was used in 25-30 kg pigs to study the uptake and/or release of various energy substrates across the liver and splanchnic bed during trauma and sepsis. This was accomplished by bypassing the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (IMPRA, Inc.) graphite-impregnated graft, from above the renal veins to the right atrial junction. The IVC was then ligated between the distal anastomosis and the liver. Sampling was done from inlying catheters placed in the main portal vein, hepatic vena cava, and an artery. Total hepatic blood flow was determined by the dye dilution technique. Our data showed the same pattern of metabolic derangements in both the traumatized and the septic-starved animals, but differed significantly from the normal fed controls. The correlation between glucogenesis and other energy functions of the liver and the proteolysis in skeletal muscle seen in trauma and sepsis is demonstrated. This model is functional and is applicable to the study of various kinds of shock and/or liver failure. PMID- 7315620 TI - Resistance to experimental peritonitis induced by local nonspecific stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. AB - Zymosan, a yeast cell wall preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stimulates the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in animals. Pretreatment with zymosan induces resistance to several types of shock. We have shown evidence that zymosan given intraperitoneally (IP) induces greater protection than intravenous (IV) zymosan against E coli peritonitis in the rat. Moreover, IP zymosan has few systemic RES effects, which are commonly associated with IV zymosan. IV and IP zymosan stimulation were compared for effectiveness against experimental fibrinopurulent peritonitis in dogs (a peritonitis model quite similar to clinical peritonitis). Ten dogs received zymosan IV (10 mg/kg), ten dogs received zymosan IP (10 mg/kg), and eight dogs received an equal volume of saline IP on three consecutive days. On day 4, a 7.5 cm length of terminal ileum was isolated and its blood supply ligated to create an infarcted, blind loop of bowel. This loop was left in the peritoneal cavity for five days. Five-day survival was 80% (8/10) for the zymosan IP (P less than 0.05), 60% (6/10) for the zymosan IV and 12.5% (1/8) for the saline controls. All survivors were sacrificed at five days and found to have an intact enteric anastomosis with varying degrees of walled off abscess at the site of the necrotic loop. Histologic evaluation of intraabdominal organs, peritoneum, and abscess wall was carried out. The IP zymosan had no significant systemic RES effects, whereas the IV zymosan produced a marked increase in liver and spleen weights. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that local nonspecific RES stimulation could have a major role in the preparation of certain high-risk patients for abdominal surgery where the chance of peritoneal soilage is high. PMID- 7315621 TI - Endotoxin role in peritonitis septic shock in rats. AB - We attempted to clarify the role of endotoxin in septic shock by supporting the concept that endotoxin produces hemodynamic and metabolic alterations in a peritonitis septic shock model (PSM). In the control group I, each rat was sham operated. In group II, each rat was etherized, subjected to laparotomy, and the appendix was resected, leaving a rent at the base of the cecum for stool to enter the peritoneum. In group III, each rat was injected intraperitoneally with a 4 ml suspension of its own feces containing equal amounts of bacteria as measured by colony count. In all groups, blood pressure, plasma glucose and lactate, as well as endotoxin, were measured hourly via polyethylene catheters in the right femoral arteries. In parallel studies, liver glycolytic intermediates were measured at five hours via freeze-clamp biopsies and compared with measurements determined in an endotoxic shock model in rats (ESM). The results showed similar glucoeogenic inhibitions in both PSM and ESM, the liver anti-gluconeogenic effect in PSM probably being produced by endotoxin. PMID- 7315622 TI - A time study of hepatic glycolytic intermediates in endotoxemic and septic rats and mice. AB - A time study was conducted on three key glycolytic intermediates in endotoxemic rat liver to determine which metabolite showed the earliest concentration changes. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) was found to be significantly decreased one hour after IV injection of endotoxin, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) were unaltered until three hours. In rat peritonitis produced by cecal incision, liver biopsy at five hours again revealed that only G6P levels were significantly influenced by the septic challenge. In a similar murine peritonitis model, which permitted longer survival times, analysis of liver samples at 12 and 18 hours supported the conclusion that G6P was the metabolite that responded first or most consistently to endotoxin and sepsis. Later changes in FDP and PEP appear to be secondary events. It is postulated that endotoxin may have a direct or indirect action on G6P regulating enzymes. Since rational therapy for septic shock must combat early changes, it would seem that measures that restore G6P levels might prevent the disturbed carbohydrate metabolism that characterizes late and severe sepsis. PMID- 7315624 TI - [Methodical experiences for registration of parameters under ergometric loads of children and young people (author's transl)]. AB - Evaluation of the cardiovascular capacity is possible by means of bicycle ergometers. An important and useful parameter is the actual heart rate. The author describes the registration of heart rate using modified electrodes for thorax and the advantages of this methodical proceeding are shown. PMID- 7315623 TI - Protection of dogs from lethal consequences of endotoxemia with plasma or leukocyte transfusions. AB - The contribution of cellular and humoral factors of normal blood to resistance to endotoxin was evaluated by selectively transfusing them into beagle dogs prior to IV challenge with a lethal (2.75 mg/kg) dose of Salmonella typhi endotoxin. Supplementation of normal host defenses with 250 ml of plasma containing a heatlabile (56 degrees C for one hour) factor protected the dogs from lethal effects of the toxin. A similar volume of heparinized saline or a lesser volume of plasma (100 ml) was ineffective. The presence of 1 X 10(9) platelets and 7 X 10(10) leukocytes from leukapheresed foxhounds in some transfusion preparations did not affect survival. Protection by treatment with plasma was accompanied by severe tissue injury and loss of circulating platelets and leukocytes. Granulocyte concentrates also afforded protection and decreased tissue injury, as indicated by SGPT and taurine levels. Survivor and nonsurvivor animals experienced an early hyperglycemia as well as elevation of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and taurine levels. Thrombocytopenia was great in all experimental groups but was less marked in dogs transfused with cells. Leukopenia was comparable in all groups until six hours after challenge, at which time numbers of circulating leukocytes began a significant return toward normal levels in the cell-transfused group. Impairment of macrophage function was indicated by the depression of the release of colony-stimulating factor in survivor and nonsurvivor animals. Thus, normal plasma alone can protect dogs from endotoxin, but not without a significant amount of injury to the host. PMID- 7315625 TI - [The influence of advice to the improvement of conflict-solving behaviour of parents to children (author's transl)]. AB - The advice of parents is one of the most realized methods to mediate new behaviour to parents in Children Neuropsychiatry. The investigation is to check effectivity of advice. Parents were advised in groups about effective conflict solving behaviour on the base of talk-therapy. The new behaviour was trained partly by part-plays. The alterations of behaviour were checked by specific diagnostics and compared with the results of a controlgroup. In the experimental group a cognitive orientation is demonstrable to the advised behaviour, but it is significant less frequent in comparison with other reactions of parents. The necessity is discussed to reflect more the real effectivity of advice in practice. PMID- 7315626 TI - [Disturbances in family relations and suicide attempts in childhood and adolescence (author's transl)]. AB - Suicide attempts in childhood and adolescence include the general necessity of specific neuropsychiatric and psychological diagnostics and therapy. To classify in "serious" or "demonstrative-hysterical"suicide attempts is to refuse, because there exist personality disorders in every case. Essential sources are disturbances in the emotional parents-child-relations and chronic conflicts between the marriage partners, so that always an analysis of the family relations structure is indicated. PMID- 7315628 TI - [Image treatment in the eye in a ultrasound diagnosis and clinical significance. VII. New microcomputer-aided imaging techniques with distance measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315627 TI - [Genetic analysis of myopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315629 TI - [Effects of panretinal photocoagulation on the retina - the first report: effects especially in the visual field (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315630 TI - [Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography. Report 1. Fundamental studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315631 TI - [[Computed tomographic evaluation of the orbit and sella turcica - an atlas of anatomic-CT correlation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315632 TI - [Cytotoxic effects of antiglaucoma agents on cultured human conjunctival cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315633 TI - [The distribution of Langerhans cells in the ocular surface epithelium and its role in the corneal immunopathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315634 TI - [Lymphocyte transformation test to mite antigens in allergic conjunctival disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315635 TI - [Immunological studies on herpes simplex virus infection in ginea pig cornea (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315636 TI - [Effect of modified polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid complex against herpes simplex keratitis in monkeys (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315637 TI - [Immunological study of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbit - cellular and humoral immunity after re-infection herpes simplex virus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315638 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of the corneal endothelial cells after injection of antibiotics into the anterior chamber (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315639 TI - [Analysis of specular photomicrograph with a graph pen digitizer. (2) Long term results in cataract surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315640 TI - [Anti-mite IgA antibody in vernal and allergic conjunctivitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315641 TI - [Congenital glaucoma. Results of surgical treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315642 TI - [Treatment of peripheral uveitis with cryotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315643 TI - [Pilocarpine toxicity in cell culture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315644 TI - [Long-term topical use of D.P.E. solutions in open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315645 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observations of the retinal pigment epithelium in disturbance of choroidal circulation. 2. Degenerative changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315646 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observations of the retinal pigment epithelium in disturbance of choroidal circulation. 3. Proliferative changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315647 TI - [Calcium and magnesium in human senile cataractous lenses. Report I. Determination of calcium and magnesium concentration in human senile cataractous lenses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315648 TI - [Effect of photo-oxidation with 8-methoxypsoralen on rat lens protein (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315649 TI - [A study of X-ray microanalysis and acid-base balance in the experimental traumatic cataract in rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315650 TI - [Experimental study on the relation between experimental naphthalene cataract and iris color of animal eye. I. Scanning electron microscopic study on experimental naphthalene cataract in albino and pigmented rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315651 TI - [Brown cataract and kynurenine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315652 TI - [Heterogeneity of human cataractous lens heavy molecular weight gamma ( gamma H) crystallin: study by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by amino acid analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315653 TI - [Hereditary cataract in dominant mutant Cts of the mouse: morphologic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315654 TI - [Experimental studies on the relationship between lipid peroxide and congenital cataract of mice carrying Cts gene (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315655 TI - [Research on measurement of crystalline lens hardness by ultrasonic attenuation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315656 TI - [Neuro-pathological study on superior colliculus of Minamata disease, especially chronic and prolonged cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315657 TI - [Localization of subcortical afferent neurons to the superior colliculus in the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315658 TI - [Quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cells projecting to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the area centralis of the cat's eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315659 TI - [Responses of the corneal primary afferents to mechanical and thermal stimulations (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315660 TI - [Eye Movement with body tilt (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315661 TI - [Retinal correspondence observed by infrared television haploscope. Third report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315662 TI - [A study of aniseikonia - a temporal analysis for fusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315663 TI - [Frequency response characteristics of ocular movement. A preliminary note (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315664 TI - [Properties of slow muscle fibers in rabbit superior rectus muscle-(2) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315665 TI - [Correction of low astigmatism - reliability for estimating the principal meridian (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315666 TI - [The studies on the measurements of the ocular axial length and its refractive components in juvenility. Report I: Growth curves of ocular axial length and its refractive components (author's transl)]. PMID- 7315667 TI - Diphenylhydantoin stimulation of various pathways of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in rabbits. PMID- 7315668 TI - Urinary pathogens and urinary contaminants. PMID- 7315669 TI - Intraventricular conduction defects in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7315670 TI - Treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome by means of local administration of corticosteroids. I. Short-term follow-up. PMID- 7315672 TI - To the clinical composition of the tectorial membrane of the organ of Corti. PMID- 7315671 TI - Treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome by means of local administration of cortisonoids. II. Long-term follow-up. PMID- 7315674 TI - Simulation of compartmental systems based on FORTRAN. PMID- 7315675 TI - A model of proliferation control in a population of haemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 7315673 TI - Regional differences in the structure of human and animal atherosclerosis. PMID- 7315676 TI - [Symptomatology manifesting cancer of the kidney in adults. Review of 184 observations]. PMID- 7315677 TI - [Diagnostic problems of renal tumors. Value and inadequacy of echotomography and of computerized axial tomography]. PMID- 7315678 TI - [Comparative study of urotomography and non-invasive technics in renal tumors]. PMID- 7315679 TI - [Contradiction of various studies in case of renal tumor. The place of exploratory lumbotomy in a doubtful case]. PMID- 7315680 TI - [A case of renal tumor: ruptured calcified cyst]. PMID- 7315681 TI - [Malignant renal tumor with the appearance of a cyst with calcified shell]. PMID- 7315682 TI - [Slow evolution of a renal tumor. Association cyst - malignant tumor]. PMID- 7315683 TI - [Hydronephrosis superimposed on disease of the junction?]. PMID- 7315684 TI - [Abscess and kidney tumor: difficult differential diagnosis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7315685 TI - [Tumor of the right kidney involving the inferior vena cava. Iconography]. PMID- 7315686 TI - [Rare malignant tumors of the kidney]. PMID- 7315687 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the kidney. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 7315688 TI - [Thorotrast kidney and induced neoplasm. Apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 7315689 TI - Renal angiomyolipoma. Diagnosis by combined computerized tomography and ultrasound. PMID- 7315690 TI - [A case of fibrosarcoma of the kidney]. PMID- 7315691 TI - [Renal fibrosarcoma and aortic involvement]. PMID- 7315693 TI - [4 cases of angiomyolipoma. Surgical strategy]. PMID- 7315692 TI - [Well differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Apropos of 1 observation]. PMID- 7315694 TI - [Cancers of the kidney manifested by their metastases. Therapeutic approach]. PMID- 7315695 TI - [Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases of hypernephromas. Grawitz' tumor]. PMID- 7315696 TI - [Partial nephrectomy for cancer of the solitary kidney. From 11 June 1968 to 2 July 1979]. PMID- 7315697 TI - [The surgical treatment of simultaneous bilateral hypernephroma]. PMID- 7315698 TI - [Round-table discussion on tumors of the kidney. Conclusions]. PMID- 7315701 TI - Sudden death while playing professional football. PMID- 7315699 TI - Sequential regional phase mapping of radionuclide gated biventriculograms in patients with left bundle branch block. PMID- 7315700 TI - Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of sinoatrial entrance block evaluated by direct sinus node electrography: prevalence, relation to antegrade sinoatrial conduction time, and relevance to sinus node disease. AB - When AV conduction is normal, the absence of VA conduction is not abnormal. Analogous information about retrograde sinoatrial conduction is not available. Although the premature atrial stimulas (PAS) technique can demonstrate the presence of sinoatrial entrance block (SAEB), both its prevalence and its relationship to antegrade SA conduction are unknown. Using PAS, we determined the incidence of SAEB in 59 patients with known or suspected dysrrhythmias or conduction defects to be 6.8%. Using catheter recorded sinus node electrograms (SNE), we then directly measured sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) in three patients with SAEB. Antegrade SACT was normal in two and prolonged in one. Only the latter had sinus node dysfunction recognized by ECG and/or conventional sinus node testing. We conclude that SAEB occurs infrequently, may occur when antegrade SACT is normal, is probably analogous to behavior at the AV node, and should not be used as an indicator of sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 7315702 TI - Successful streptokinase therapy of acute idiopathic superior vena cava thrombosis. PMID- 7315703 TI - Pedunculated right ventricular thrombus due to repeated blunt chest trauma. PMID- 7315705 TI - Premature opening of regurgitant aortic valve in ascending aortic dissection due to marked reduction in supravalvular chamber diastolic pressure: diastolic obstruction of true aortic lumen by false channel. PMID- 7315704 TI - Complementary roles of two-dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography in ventricular pseudoaneurysm diagnosis. PMID- 7315706 TI - Laser-dissolution of coronary atherosclerotic obstruction. PMID- 7315707 TI - The electrocardiogram in normal pregnancy. PMID- 7315708 TI - Serum enzyme CK-B rise following exhaustive physical exercise. PMID- 7315709 TI - QTc interval in torsades de pointes. PMID- 7315710 TI - Criteria of torsades de pointes. PMID- 7315711 TI - Effects of indomethacin during experimental myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7315712 TI - Prospective study of medical and urgent surgical therapy in randomizable patients with unstable angina pectoris: results of in-hospital and chronic mortality and morbidity. AB - At the Massachusetts General Hospital, all 190 patients who presented with the clinical and ECG criteria of the national Unstable Angina Pectoris Study (NUAPS) for unstable angina pectoris (UAP) were prospectively evaluated from their entrance between 1972 and 1976 (the entry period for NUAPS). Coronary angiography was performed in 166 patients. Of these, 83 patients (50%) were not eligible for randomization because of obstruction in the left main coronary artery (4%), inoperable diffuse coronary disease (11%), failure of initial medical therapy (20%), minimal coronary disease (13%), or other reasons (2%). The other 83 patients (50%) were eligible for randomization by NUAPS criteria; 39 received medical therapy and 44 underwent urgent coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). The medical and surgical patients were comparable in terms of clinical characteristics and extent of anatomical disease. In-hospital (3% medical and 2% surgical) and late (5% medical and 5% surgical) mortality were similar over a mean follow-up period of 46 months. Myocardial infarction rate was statistically similar in-hospital (5% medical and 11% surgical) and during chronic evaluation (5% medical and 14% surgical). However, late severe angina (NYHA class III or IV) occurred in a significantly higher percentage of medical patients (28% medical versus 9% surgical; p less than 0.05) and nine medical patients (23%) required late elective CABG for relief of persistent angina. This experience is comparable to NUAPS, and supports the conclusion that acute management of unstable angina pectoris may begin with intensive medical treatment followed later by more elective CABG for those patients with persistent angina despite medical therapy. PMID- 7315713 TI - Role of two-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of patients with ventricular septal rupture postmyocardial infarction. AB - In 18 consecutive patients with a new murmur following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), examination by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) correctly excluded ventricular septal defects (VSD) in eight patients and enabled direct visualization of the VSD in 10 patients. In three patients, 2DE was the first technique to establish the diagnosis. In all patients with VSD, 2DE diagnosis was confirmed by catheterization, surgery, and/or postmortem examination. In six patients with VSD, 2DE contrast studies were performed and were positive. 2DE enabled localization of the VSD in all patients (five inferior, five anterior). To evaluate left ventricular (LV) function, a 2DE wall motion index (WMI) was calculated using an 11 segment model of the LV. While there was no difference (p greater than 0.2) in AMI-VSD survivors versus nonsurvivors in age, kinase, and AVO2 difference, there was no overlap in WMI (p = 0.004) of survivors (0.80 +/- 0.36) versus nonsurvivors (1.66 +/- 0.19). Thus 2DE allows accurate detection and localization of postmyocardial infarction VSD and enables determination of prognosis of these patients. PMID- 7315714 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of peripheral circulatory dynamics: new clinical application of blood pool scintigraphy for measuring limb venous volume, capacity, and blood flow. AB - A new application of clinical blood pool imaging is described for measurements of limb venous volume and blood flow. Forearm count rate changes determined using blood pool imaging of in vivo Tc-99m labelled red blood cell (RBC) were compared in the same limb to forearm volume changes measured by Whitney mercury-in silicone rubber strain gauge in eight normal subjects. Intravascular count rate changes closely correlated with volume changes following sudden (mean r = 0.98) and stepwise (mean r = 0.96) limb venous congestion for assessment of venous compliance, as well as for measurement of limb blood flow up to 20 ml/min/100 ml (r = 0.95). These results indicate the accuracy and utility of the radionuclide technique in the study of peripheral circulatory dynamics in clinical settings. In addition, limb tissue fluid accumultion may also be quantified by simultaneous use of radionuclide-strain gauge plethysmography. PMID- 7315715 TI - Successful surgical treatment of atrial, junctional, and ventricular tachycardia unassociated with accessory connections in infants and children. AB - Five children with severe, life-threatening tachydysrhythmias were treated successfully with surgery. Three had atrial ectopic automatic tachycardia (AET), one had AV junctional (his bundle) automatic ectopic tachycardia (JET), and one had ventricular reentry tachycardia (VT). The mechanism and site of the tachycardia were diagnosed preoperatively using intracardiac electrophysiologic studies (EPS). Medical management with all available drugs failed to control the tachycardia in each patient. The two patients with left atrial AET underwent cryoablation of the focus using cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient with right atrial AET had removal of the anterior one third of the right atrial appendage and cryoablation of the edges. The patient with AV JET first had incision and suture ligation of the bundle of His and implantation of a ventricular pacemaker, but the tachycardia recurred 2 weeks later. Cryoablation of the bundle of His prevented further recurrences. Tachycardia stopped in the patient with VT during incision of a tumor in the apex of the left ventricle. No patient had tachycardia after surgery and none has required medical treatment. PMID- 7315717 TI - Introduction to the Symposium on Intracoronary Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction. PMID- 7315716 TI - Disparity between the clinical and electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone in the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - Nine patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias were administered oral amiodarone over a period of months. Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) was induced during programmed stimulation in seven of the nine patients prior to their receiving amiodarone therapy. Despite an excellent clinical response to the drug over a period of 10 to 24 months (median 15 months), sustained VT was still able to be initiated in seven patients after 7 to 20 weeks of therapy, with multiform VT induced in several patients both before and after amiodarone. Some effects of the drug were noted, however, in that the induced VT was often slower with an increased QRS width, and right ventricular refractory periods were prolonged. Repeated ambulatory ECG monitoring in six patients showed a reduction in the frequency and complexity of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, but there was no consistent effect on the prematurity of the ventricular complexes. The reason for the disparity in some patients between the effects of amiodarone on the electrical initiation of VT and its clinical recurrence is unclear, but the findings suggest that the clinical efficacy of amiodarone in patients with ventricular arrhythmias may not be reliably predicted by electrophysiologic studies (EPS). PMID- 7315718 TI - Experimental reversal of acute coronary thrombotic occlusion and myocardial injury in animals utilizing streptokinase. AB - Fresh autologous thrombus, 1.0 to 1.5 ml, was injected into the left anterior descending and/or left diagonal coronary arteries of 19 open-chest dogs to produce evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thrombotic obstruction was documented by coronary angiography. Multilead epicardial ECGs showed ST segment elevations of affected left ventricular (LV) areas within 2 minutes after thrombus injection, and LV segmental wall cyanosis with hypocontraction was observed within 10 minutes in the myocardial areas supplied by the thrombosed artery. Ten animals then received an initial dose of streptokinase (STK), 250,000 U (intravenous), followed by STK, 1000 to 3000 U/min (intracoronary), while nine control dogs untreated with STK received normal saline infusion. All but one STK treated animal (all nine animals receiving intracoronary STK) had reestablishment of blood flow in the previously occluded vessels within 1 1/2 hours, disappearance of ventricular cyanosis, return of normal LV contractile function, and normalization of elevated ST segments within 1 hour after intracoronary STK therapy. In contrast, in the non-STK-treated control group, all animals had continued coronary obstruction, progressive ST elevations, and worsening LV cyanosis and hypocontraction until death or for more than 3 hours post thrombus; three control animals died of ventricular fibrillation (VF) within 1 hour of thrombus occlusion, three more died of VF within 2 hours post thrombus, and only three survived beyond 2 hours post thrombus. Postmortem examination of non-STK treated animals revealed extensive residual coronary thrombus. All intracoronary STK-treated animals evidenced absence of residual coronary thrombus at postmortem examination. These data provide clinically relevant evidence that early intracoronary STK effects thrombolysis in AMI by reopening coronary vessels occluded by fresh thrombus, thereby protecting myocardium from further ischemia and necrosis, preserving LV function, and also reversing cardiac muscle injury. PMID- 7315719 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: experimental background and clinical experience. AB - Occlusive intracoronary (IC) thrombosis was produced experimentally in dogs by placement of a copper coil. The thrombus was consistently lysed by application of Thrombolysin (streptokinase and plasminogen) at the site of occlusion, 1 to 6 hours after thrombosis. Thrombolysin has no toxic effect on the coronary artery wall or the myocardium. Reperfusion after 30 to 60 minutes of occlusion frequently resulted in ventricular fibrillation, but gradual reperfusion reduced the probability of ventricular fibrillation. Intramyocardial bleeding was noted after reperfusion in areas of advanced necrosis and was shown to be the consequence, rather than the cause, of necrosis. The reperfused myocardium remained hypocontractile, but in contrast to the occlusion period, its mechanical function could be enhanced by inotropic stimulation. After experimental studies confirmed the feasibility and safety of IC thrombolysis, the technique was applied within 3 hours of onset of pain in 29 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and showing ST elevations without pathologic Q waves. Nitroglycerin (NTG), 0.1 mg, was injected into the occluded coronary artery to rule out spasm; NTG failed to open the occluded artery. A special, very flexible, radiopaque No. 2 French catheter was advanced through the angiography catheter to the site of occlusion. Thrombolysin was infused at a rate of 4000 to 6000 IU/min until patency was achieved, followed by 2000 IU/min for 60 minutes. Lysis of clot was achieved in 27 of 29 patients. The single death (unrelated to the procedure) occurred subsequently in a patient in whom the artery was not reopened. After successful thrombolysis, 12 patients underwent elective coronary bypass surgery because of multiple stenoses. The need for early reperfusion is emphasized for effective IC thrombolysis therapy in evolving AMI. PMID- 7315720 TI - Effects of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Intracoronary streptokinase (SK) was administered to 11 patients with evolving acute transmural myocardial infarction 5.5 +/- 0.4 hours from the onset of symptoms. Ten patients (91%) had total coronary occlusion, and one had subocclusion of the vessel corresponding to the ECG site of infarction. Intracoronary nitroglycerin failed to restore patency of total occlusion in all patients. In 9 of 11 patients (82%), patency was restored or improved with intracoronary SK. Thrombolysis was successful in 8 of 11 patients (73%), and one patient with transient patency developed acute reocclusion. Average time from SK infusion to reperfusion was 24 +/- 7 minutes. Patients with successful thrombolysis had patency initially restored at a dosage of 61,000 +/- 15,000 IU of SK and received a total dosage of 136,000 +/- 17,000 IU. Patency persisted at late study in six of eight patients, and two patients developed late reocclusion. Successful thrombolysis was associated with significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from early to late study, in contrast to deterioration of LVEF in patients with unsuccessful recanalization (p less than 0.001). Systemic fibrinolytic activity occurred in 8 of 11 patients at a mean dosage of 125,000 +/- 15,000 IU of SK and was unassociated with significant bleeding. Significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration in the early hospital phase occurred in patients receiving SK but did not differ from decreases occurring in a matched control population receiving conventional therapy for infarction. Thus intracoronary thrombolysis with SK was successful in the majority of patients during the early phase of evolving transmural infarction, and successful thrombolysis was associated with significant improvement in LVEF. Systemic fibrinolysis occurs in most patients despite small total doses of SK, and the significant decrease in hemoglobin in these patients may be unrelated to SK, since similar changes occurred in a control population receiving conventional therapy. PMID- 7315722 TI - Evaluation of the effectiveness of intracoronary streptokinase infusion in acute myocardial infarction: postprocedure management and hospital course in 204 patients. AB - A multicenter study evaluated the early management and subsequent hospital course of 204 patients with acute myocardial infarction who were receiving intracoronary infusions of streptokinase (STK). The in-hospital mortality in 37 patients with thrombotic occlusion of the infarct-related vessel, in whom recanalization could not be achieved, was 24%. However the cardiac mortality in 129 patients who were successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR) was only 5.4%. Cardiac deaths (five patients) and nonfatal reinfarctions (20 patients) occurred in the early period in the cardiac care unit (CCU) in 21% of the latter group and, despite anticoagulation measures, could not be consistently prevented. Hemorrhagic complications, necessitating blood transfusion, occurred in 15 (7.4%) of the total 204 patients in the group, usually in the acute CCU stage, and were positively related to decline of fibrinogen serum concentrations below 100 mg/dl and to use of the Judkins technique. The later course of most of the patients on the general ward was uneventful until hospital discharge. Thus there were only two more cardiac deaths, and of 64 successfully treated STK-PTCR patients who left the CCU without clinical indications of reinfarction and agreed to repeat coronary angiography before hospital discharge, the infarct-related vessel was patient in 59 patients and reoccluded in only five (7.8%). PMID- 7315725 TI - Pharmacy crime requires an all-out effort. PMID- 7315724 TI - Intracoronary thrombus in syndromes of unstable myocardial ischemia. AB - The association of coronary thrombosis and transmural myocardial infarction is well documented. We have recently observed apparent intracoronary thrombi in patients with unstable myocardial ischemia without transmural infarction. To assess the frequency and angiographic characteristics of intracoronary defects consistent with thrombi, we reviewed the angiograms of all patients undergoing catheterization within 1 month of the onset of unstable angina or the intermediate coronary syndrome. Of 129 such patients, eight (6.2%) had nonoccluding, hazy, or nonopacified intracoronary filling defects consistent with thrombus in angiographically well-opacified vessels. All defects were just distal to a significant (80% to 99%) coronary stenosis. In each instance the thrombus involved vessel supplied a myocardial segment referable to the electrocardiographically defined area of ischemia. Support for the theory that the intracoronary defects were thrombi includes three patients with enlargement of the filling defects, who underwent repeat angiography within 7 days, and two patients with embolization of defect fragments. Furthermore these defects were angiographically similar to poststenotic intraluminal defects seen transiently in some patients after partial intracoronary streptokinase recanalization. In conclusion, we have observed, angiographically, intracoronary filling defects consistent with thrombus in some patients with unstable myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7315723 TI - Changes in left ventricular function after intracoronary streptokinase infusion in clinically evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Left ventricular (LV) contrast cineventriculograms were obrained in 174 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by intracoronary streptokinase (SK) infusion. Ejection fraction (EF) increased slightly, from 52% +/- 13% before admission SK intervention to 58% +/- 13% immediately after early recanalization of the completely obstructed coronary vessel (p less than 0.0005, n = 68), while local wall motion usually improved. Immediately improved LV function appears to be the result of early reperfusion and/or decreased LV afterload. In 55 chronic (long-term follow-up) post-AMI (2 to 4 weeks after successful early SK reperfusion) patients, repeat angiography revealed late reocclusion of the infarct vessel in nine patients. Chronic EF was not significantly different from pre-SK intervention EF in these nine patients with late reocclusion, whereas in the remaining 46 patients with persistent patency, EF increased mildly from 52% +/- 13% (before SK intervention) to 56% +/- 16% (in long-term recanalization) (p less than 0.025). Ventricular loading conditions were not different at pre-SK intervention angiography and chronic angiography. EF rose modestly from 51% +/- 14% to 57% +/- 18% in the 23 patients recanalized on follow-up, in whom pre-SK intervention angiography revealed collaterals to the infarcting area (p less than 0.025), whereas there was no EF change in the 23 chronically recanalized patients without pre-SK collaterals. In the eight patients recanalized at late follow-up, who had preadmission chest pain for less than 3 hours and successful SK reperfusion within 4 hours of symptom onset (group A), EF increased significantly from 51% +/- 12% to 65% +/- 6% (p less than 0.025). In the 25 chronically recanalized patients admitted 3 to 6 hours after onset of chest pain, in whom SK reperfusion was successful (group B), EF was unchanged at late study. In the 13 chronically recanalized patients with preadmission chest pain lasting longer than 6 hours, in whom SK reperfusion was successful (group C), EF increased from 52% +/- 13% before SK intervention to 56% +/- 16% at late study (p less than 0.025). Pre-SK intervention angiography revealed collateral vessels to the infarct area in 69% of group C patients but in only 42% of patients in groups A and B. These findings suggest that the critical interval for myocardial salvage, as well as for early and long-term improvement of LV function by SK reperfusion at admission, is 4 hours after onset of chest pain in the majority of AMI patients. This time interval may be longer in patients with well-developed collateral supply to the region of the acute infarct. PMID- 7315726 TI - A case against controlled drugs. PMID- 7315727 TI - Prescription fraud. PMID- 7315721 TI - Coronary artery reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction: beneficial effects of intracoronary streptokinase on left ventricular salvage and performance. AB - Coronary angiography was performed on hospital admission in 37 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thirty patients had total occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery and seven patients had severe proximal stenoses with poor distal flow. In 20 of 30 patients with total occlusion, intracoronary (IC) infusion of streptokinase (SK) resulted in reperfusion of the distal coronary artery. Left ventricular (LV) performance was assessed before coronary angiography and at discharge from the hospital by use of gated cardiac blood pool imaging techniques. In patients evidencing reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery, mean (+/- SD) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from admission through discharge (46% +/- 15% to 55% +/- 10%, p = 0.002). In contrast, LVEF did not change from admission through discharge in patients with severe proximal stenoses alone or in patients with total occlusion who did not demonstrate reperfusion following SK administration (47% +/- 17% vs 49% +/- 18%, p = ns). In an additional 14 control patients with AMI who were not evaluated with coronary angiography, LVEF did not change from admission through discharge (46% +/- 12% vs 48% +/- 14%, p = ns). Quantitative thallium-201 perfusion imaging demonstrated an increase (p less than 0.05) in thallium uptake in the infarct segment following coronary artery reperfusion. In contrast, thallium uptake did not change (p = ns) in the infarct segment in patients not evidencing angiographic coronary artery reperfusion. These data support the following : (1) Coronary artery thrombus occurs frequently in AMI and can be lysed by IC SK, and (2) reperfusion with IC SK in patients with evolving myocardial infarction results in myocardial salvage and improved LV performance through hospital discharge. PMID- 7315728 TI - Prosecuting the prescription forger. PMID- 7315729 TI - Portland's drug alert system. PMID- 7315730 TI - Alcohol, alcoholic... PMID- 7315731 TI - Depressive illness. PMID- 7315732 TI - Pentaerythritol triacrylate. PMID- 7315733 TI - Triethylene glycol diacrylate. PMID- 7315734 TI - Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate. PMID- 7315735 TI - Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. PMID- 7315736 TI - Trimethylolpropane triacrylate. PMID- 7315737 TI - Hexanediol diacrylate. PMID- 7315738 TI - Herbert E. Stokinger Lecture--1981. On the concept of threshold. PMID- 7315739 TI - A model for aerosol deposition in the human tracheobronchial region. AB - An aerosol deposition model in the human tracheobronchial tree based on impaction and sedimentation is proposed. Using this model, a mean deposition radius of conducting airways can be obtained from in vivo T-B deposition data or from physical dimensions of human lung casts. Agreement was found between the model and deposition data for three normal healthy subjects in the literature. Contributions of sedimentation to T-B deposition is estimated to be 42 - 78% at 250 cm3/sec average inspiration flow rate, and decreased to 8-29% at 750 cm3/sec average inspiration flow rate. Mean deposition radii are estimated to be 0.33 to 0.43 cm and correlate with pulmonary functional residual capacities. PMID- 7315741 TI - A conversational information computer system for health and safety operation: the occupational surveillance interactive system (OSIS). AB - Collection, storage and retrieval of health and safety information is critical in occupational settings in making decisions about safety of employees and the healthful nature of the work environment. Computer surveillance programs have been utilized previously, but have been too complicated, too mathematical, and not directly accessible to health and safety personnel. This paper discusses the Occupational Surveillance Interactive System (OSIS), a conversational system which utilizes English instead of a computer language, and which provides immediate feedback to the health and safety practitioner through fact retrieval and statistical inference. Additionally, an algorithm is introduced which provides a predictive cueing for the development of some disease processes. The hypothetical example illustrated herein introduces a prototypal computer surveillance system, operating under an interactive mode, to provide the health and safety professional with a decision-making tool in occupational settings. PMID- 7315740 TI - Nitrite as antidote for acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication? AB - The detoxification of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by a heme catalyzed oxidation was examined as part of an on-going study of H2S toxicity. Interlocking O2 absorption and sulfide depletion data indicate that both oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin are effective catalytic agents. Although the latter is more efficacious, the life time of excess sulfide in the presence of oxygen and either of the above is of the order of minutes. It has also been established that the formation of methemoglobin following nitrite administration occurs preferentially under oxygen poor conditions. Under an atmospheric or oxygen enriched environment, which favors sulfide depletion, the nitrite retards sulfide oxidation. Thus nitrite as an antidote for acute H2S intoxication can only be effective within the first few minutes after the exposure, at which time resuscitation and/or ventilation of the victim is likely to produce conditions in which the nitrite actually slows sulfide removal. PMID- 7315742 TI - Good workplace practices for the manufacture and formulation of pesticides. The Occupational Safety * Health Committee of the National Agricultural Chemicals Association. PMID- 7315743 TI - Occupational exposure to asbestos fibers resulting from use of asbestos gloves. AB - To assess the magnitude of fiber emission from asbestos gloves, 10 pairs were compared in an isolation chamber during simulation of a sterilization procedure; 176 air samples were collected. Means of time weighted average (TWA) concentrations ranged from 0.95 to 11.74 fibers (greater than 5 micrometers)/cm3 of air. Well-worn/clean gloves emitted significantly more fibers than did brand new gloves, but fiber emission decreased with increased surface soiling. Eighty air samples were collected during simulation of the sterilization procedure in a well-ventilated room. The range of mean TWA concentrations was 0.07-0.99 fiber/cm3 for breathing zone samples and 0.06 to 0.60 fiber/cm3 for area samples. Thirteen samples were collected at actual workplaces; the range of TWA concentrations was 0.07-2.93 fibers/cm3 for breathing zone samples and 0.04-0.74 fiber/cm3 for area samples. Five of seven breathing zone samples from workplaces exceeded the proposed TWA concentration limit of 0.1 asbestos fiber/cm3. Hand contamination also was assessed. Four samples collected after touching the worktable ranged from 9953 to 13 108 fibers (greater than 5 micrometers)/cm2 of hand surface area; seven samples collected immediately after taking off gloves ranged from 741 to 3860 fibers/cm2. Available substitutes for asbestos gloves are discussed, and adoption of these substitutes is recommended strongly. PMID- 7315745 TI - Hazardous materials management and control program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory--health protection. AB - Maintaining reasonable control of all hazardous materials used in a large research laboratory can be a formidable task. At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a Hazardous Material Coordinator for Health Protection (HMC-Hlth) and a Hazardous Material Coordinator for Environmental Protection (HMC-Env) control hazardous materials from acquisition to disposal. The HMC-Hlth, a member of the Industrial Hygiene Department, is responsible for control of the purchase and use of hazardous materials. If the material has not had a hazard evaluation, the user is required to contact the HMC-Hlth to find out if the material is hazardous before ordering it. If the material is hazardous, the user must get permission from his divisional representative to purchase it. The user is required to fill out Part 2 of a Hazardous Material Control Card (HMCC), describing the proposed use and location of the material and to return HMCC to the HMC-Hlth. This allows the Industrial Hygiene Department to evaluate the use of the materials and to take air samples as needed. Part 1 of the HMCC also contains computer printed information on the hazards. PMID- 7315744 TI - The etiology of byssinosis--comparison of prostaglandin F2 alpha synthesis by alveolar macrophages stimulated with extracts from glanded and glandless cotton cultivars. PMID- 7315746 TI - A study of various function tests on the upper extremities for vibration syndrome. AB - For early diagnosis of vibration syndrome, it is necessary to detect the insidious functional disorders which appear without organic changes in it's early stage. In Japan, peripheral circulation and sensory tests, including tests after cold water immersion, and functional capacity motor tests are performed widely on the upper extremities. We have examined workers exposed to three kinds of vibration, and control workers, using these function tests, and analyzed the data with the use of principal component analysis. As a result, these function tests were considered to be of diagnostic significance as a screening test for vibration syndrome. It is also suspected that peripheral circulation disturbance, sensory disturbance and motor disturbance found in vibration syndrome advance independently of each other. Disparities in the findings of vibration syndrome were recognized and were attributed to differences of work conditions. PMID- 7315747 TI - Clinical pulmonary function and industrial respirator wear. AB - This investigation was the initial step in determining a clinical pulmonary test which could be used to evaluate workers as to their suitability to industrial respirator wear. Sixty subjects, 12 superior, 37 normal, and 11 moderately impaired with respect to lung function tests were evaluated with a battery of clinical pulmonary tests while wearing an industrial respirator. The respirator was a full-face mask (MSA-Ultravue) "demand" breathing type equipped with an inspiratory resistance of 85 mm H2O at 85 L/min air flow and an expiratory resistance of 25 mmH2O at 85 L/min air flow. Comparisons of these tests were made between the three groups of subjects both with and without a respirator. It appears that those lung tests which measure the flow characteristics of the lung especially those that are effort dependent are more susceptible to change as a result of respirator wear. Hence, the respirator affects the person with superior lung function to a greater degree than the moderately impaired person. It was suggested that the clinical test of 15 second maximum voluntary ventilations (MVV.25) may be the test of choice for determining worker capability in wearing an industrial respirator. PMID- 7315748 TI - Suspected arsine poisoning during the restoration of a large cyclorama painting. AB - Arsine poisoning is a well-recognized phenomenon generally associated with the smelting and refining of metals. However, acute episodes of arsine poisoning do occur in environments unrelated to metal processing and often go unrecognized. The incident described herein, which deals with artists working on the restoration of a famous painting, illustrates that arsine gas may evolve in any situation where nascent hydrogen comes in contact with small amounts of arsenic. PMID- 7315749 TI - Circadian organization of thirteen liver and six brain enzymes of the mouse. AB - The activities of 13 liver and 6 brain enzymes were studied in 7-12 week old CD2F1 male mice that had been fed ad libitum and standardized either to 12 hours of light (0600-1800) alternating with 12 hours of darkness (1800-0600) (LD12:12); or to a reversed light-dark cycle (darkness 0600-1800; light 1800-0600) (DL12:12). Three separate studies were performed on two different days; in each experiment, subgroups of 14 animals were sacrificed at 3-hour intervals. Livers were assayed for: isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, glyoxylate reductase, L-alanine aminotransferase, glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, pyruvate decarboxylase, fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, and fatty acid synthetase. Brains were assayed for phosphoglucose isomerase, adenosine triphosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, and malate dehydrogenase. All 19 enzymes demonstrated a prominent circadian rhythm in at least one experiment. Moreover, each rhythmic variable showed a statistically significant fit to a 24 hour cosine (sine) curve by the method of least squares. In general, peak activities of the liver enzymes analyzed were associated with the beginning of the dark cycle and initiation of the animal's activity, while the group of brain enzymes had peak activities which occurred at the beginning of the animals' rest span and were near the beginning of the light cycle. The phasing of each of the rhythms could be reversed within a two-week span after reversing the environmental light-dark cycle 180 degrees. PMID- 7315750 TI - Structure of the human respiratory acinus. AB - Silicone rubber corrosion casts of the human lung in a state of end inspiration were used to study several specimens of the human pulmonary acinus. Four of the acini were measured in detail with respect to duct length and diameter, the number of alveoli per duct, and the branching pattern of the ducts. The acini were found to have irregular branching patterns, including dichotomous, trichotomous, and side branches. There were, on the average, eight to 12 duct generations and about 7.1 X 10(3) alveoli per acinus. The polygonal alveoli had an average diameter of 250 micrometers. The lengths and diameters of the ducts varied considerably; however, the dimensions tended to decrease in the more proximal portions of the acini. The number of alveoli per duct also varied, with an average of ten alveoli per duct. On the basis of measurements, two models, a "surrogate path" model and an model being more useful for calculations such as particle deposition in the airways, and the average path model being most illustrative of the anatomical structures. PMID- 7315751 TI - Fluoride stimulation of the rat parathyroid gland: an ultrastructural study. AB - The parathyroid glands of rats given 150 ppm fluoride in the drinking water for 10 weeks are evaluated ultrastructurally and compared to the parathyroid glands of untreated rats. As a result of fluoride ingestion, the majority of the parathyroid cells are dark chief cells, indicating that these cells are in the active stages of the secretory cycle. More significantly, in the fluoride-treated rats, the cytoplasmic organelles of the dark chief cells are even more developed that those seen in the dark chief cells of untreated rats. The dark cells contain an electron-dense cytoplasm with abundant lamellar arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum, spiral aggregations of free ribosomes, multiple dilated Golgi complexes, and increased numbers of secretory granules. The cells are at a minimum dimension with maximum tortuosity of the plasma membranes; and, as a result, large intercellular spaces are often seen between contiguous cells. Based on these observations, it is suggested that, in the fluoride-treated rat, a type of secondary hyperparathyroidism develops resulting in an increase in the organelles involved in protein synthesis and secretion. PMID- 7315752 TI - Histology, ultrastructure, and carbohydrate cytochemistry of surface and glandular epithelium of human nasal mucosa. PMID- 7315754 TI - Electromyographic feedback and taped relaxation instructions to modify hypnotic susceptibility and amnesia. PMID- 7315753 TI - Development and phylogenetic significance of the fetal membranes and placenta of the African hystricognathous rodents Bathyergus and Hystrix. AB - Morphogenesis of fetal membranes in African and American hystricognathous rodents is essentially the same, even in the possession of such uniquely derived features as a subplacenta and a capillary ring on the inverted yolk sac, features that are unknown in any other rodent group. This is good evidence that the African and American hystricognaths comprise a monophyletic group. Certain interesting features of the decidua, decidual giant cells, periplacental bilaminar omphalopleure, and epamnion are described in Bathyergus and Hystrix. Of special interest in Bathyergus is the widespread decidualization of the uterine connective tissue, even that of the myometrium and perimetrium; and the presence of numerous, usually binucleate, decidual giant cells. PMID- 7315755 TI - Examining the relationship between believing one will respond to hypnotic suggestions and hypnotic responsiveness. PMID- 7315756 TI - The hypnotic treatment of amnesia in an Air Force basic trainee. PMID- 7315757 TI - Vietnam grief work using hypnosis. PMID- 7315758 TI - Hypnosis in the treatment of alcoholism: a review and appraisal. PMID- 7315759 TI - Failures in hypnosis and hypnotherapy: a review. PMID- 7315760 TI - Hypnosis and the unhypnotizable: a reply to Barber. PMID- 7315761 TI - Enuresis, homoeopathy, and enhancement of the placebo effect. PMID- 7315762 TI - Regrief treatment facilitated hypnosis. PMID- 7315763 TI - Hypnosis to facilitate recall in psychogenic amnesia and fugue states: treatment variables. PMID- 7315764 TI - Plasma cyst(e)ine in homocyst(e)inemia. AB - Using a method developed to measure plasma protein-bound 1/2-cystine, we have observed that the metabolic state can affect the distribution of plasma cyst(e)ine between the bound and the free form. In five patients with homocyst(e)inemia, 1/2-homocystine was found to have replaced virtually all the cysteine normally present on sulfhydryl-binding sites of plasma proteins. The majority of the cyst(e)ine measured in the plasma of these patients (6.9 +/- 2.4 mumol/dl, mean +/- SD) was present in the form of a mixed disulfide with 1/2 homocystine (5.4 +/- 0.9 mumol/dl) rather than being free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins. PMID- 7315765 TI - Zinc, copper, and iron balance in elderly men. AB - Two-3-wk balance studies for zinc, copper, and iron were carried out in six elderly male subjects who were confined to a metabolic unit for a long-term study (12 wk) with constant dietary mineral intake. Average zinc balance was 0.1 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SEM) and serum zinc increased in all subjects during the course of the study. Average copper balance was 0.06 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SEM). There was no significant change in serum copper ceruloplasmin, but all were within normal ranges except for elevated serum copper in one subject who appeared to be in negative copper balance. Iron balance appeared to be negative, -0.44 +/- 0.16 (mean +/- SEM), despite improved blood iron parameters in five of six subjects. Results of this long-term balance study suggests that current dietary recommendations of 15 mg of zinc and 2 to 3 mg of copper are adequate for elderly as well as younger adults. However, balance data for individuals must be interpreted with caution, should be used only with other parameters, and should not be relied on exclusively as a basis for dietary recommendations. Additional data are needed to evaluate dietary iron recommendations for elderly men. PMID- 7315766 TI - Absorption of orally administered 65Zn by normal human subjects. AB - Despite studies by several investigators of human gastrointestinal 65Zn absorption, implications of these data for evaluation of functional zinc status are unclear because limited numbers of normal subjects have been studied. To evaluated zinc absorption in normal humans, 75 subjects (31 women, 44 men, ages 18 to 84 yr) were given 10 micro Ci carrier-free 65Zn orally after an overnight fast. Absorption calculated from total body retention measured 7, 14, and 21 days after administration of tracer was 65 +/- 11% (mean +/- 1 SD), range from 40 to 86%. Comparison of these results with those for patients with a variety of diseases indicate that patients exhibit a wider range of absorption and, in four of six studies patients exhibit decreased mean zinc absorption. These results of gastrointestinal zinc absorption in a large number of normal humans offer a basis for a clearer comparison with data from patients who exhibit abnormalities of zinc absorption. PMID- 7315767 TI - The importance of dietary protein in the zinc deficiency of uremia. AB - The pathogenesis of zinc deficiency and its relationship to hypogeusia were studied in three chronic dialysis units in Toronto. The difference between low plasma zinc levels at two of the hospitals compared to the normal levels in the third hospital was significantly related to levels of dietary zinc intake which in turn was due to the levels of dietary protein intake. Thus one cause of zinc deficiency in chronic uremia is dietary protein deprivation. In addition, in the hospital with normal plasma levels there was a small but significant rise in plasma zinc postdialysis in contrast to the other two hospitals where there was no change. Thus slight leaching of zinc from dialysis equipment could help prevent zinc deficiency in such patients. Hypogeusia was more common in zinc deficient patients. PMID- 7315768 TI - Selenium balance in young men during selenium depletion and repletion. AB - Selenium balance was determined in six young men fed for 45 days a formula depletion diet (33 to 36 micrograms Se/day) then fed for 25 days a repletion of diet (depletion diet plus 200 micrograms Se/day as high-Se wheat or wheat plus tuna fish). After 12 days of adaptation, Se balance during depletion was rather constant at -21 micrograms/day and Se losses in urine and feces were 54 micrograms/day. During repletion, Se balance was +64 micrograms/day for the first 12 days and +25 micrograms/day thereafter and the subjects regained all the Se lost during depletion. If the gastrointestinal absorption of the food Se in North Americans and New Zealanders is similar (80%), young North American men need a dietary Se intake of about 70 micrograms/day to replace losses and maintain body stores. PMID- 7315769 TI - Fluoride balance studies in ambulatory healthy men with and without fluoride supplements. AB - Fluoride balances were determined in healthy adult males under metabolic ward conditions. This is the first fluoride study to use the diffusion method in exploring the balances of subjects ingesting basal (i.e., everyday) diets with deionized water for cooking and drinking. Certain groups were given daily supplements of 5 or 10 mg. fluoride as sodium fluoride in divided doses with meals. Fluoride was measured in the diets, sodium fluoride tablets, urine, feces, and serum. Approximately 90% of the fluoride excreted was found in the urine and the remainder in the feces in all groups. In the control subjects, fluoride balances were uniformly negative (mean of -0.40 mg/day); in contrast, balances were uniformly positive (mean of +1.38 and +2.88 mg/day, respectively) in subjects receiving 5 or 10 mg F supplements daily. Serum ionic fluoride concentration increased proportionally to fluoride intake and averaged 0.016, 0.029, and 0.040 ppm in the control, 5-mg and 10-mg groups, respectively. These fluoride supplements did not cause any clinical or laboratory abnormality in any subjects. PMID- 7315770 TI - Placental transfer of taurine in the rhesus monkey. AB - Maternal to fetal transfer of taurine was examined in 10 pregnant monkeys infused with taurine. In four animals infused at 15 mg/kg body weight, maternal plasma taurine concentration increased from preinfusion values of 8.82 +/- 2.61 to 28.0 +/- 6.00 mumol/dl (mean +/- SD) by the end of the 2-h infusion period. Mean (+/- SD) fetal plasma taurine concentration increased concomitantly, rising from preinfusion values of 13.3 +/- 2.61 to 36.6 +/- 17.8 mumol/dl at the end of the infusion, maintaining the normal fetal to maternal plasma ratio of 1.3 to 1.5. Maternal infusion of larger quantities of taurine increased both maternal and fetal plasma taurine levels; however, the placenta was unable to maintain the normal fetal to maternal gradient. In four monkeys infused with taurine at 25 mg/kg body weight over a 2-h period, mean (+/- SD) maternal plasma taurine concentration increased from 10.0 +/- 1.33 to 43.5 +/- 11.0 mumol/dl. Fetal plasma concentration increased from 13.6 +/- 1.05 to 34.9 +/- 5.89 mumol/dl. However, the maternal to fetal plasma taurine ratio fell from 1.36 to 0.80. Similar results were noted in single animals infused with taurine at 50 and 250 mg/kg body weight. Maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of most other amino acids were not affected by taurine infusion. Fetal, but not maternal, plasma alanine concentration increased after taurine infusion. These data indicate that taurine is efficiently concentrated to the fetal circulation at postprandial maternal plasma taurine concentrations. PMID- 7315771 TI - Carnitine intake and excretion in neuromuscular diseases. AB - Free and total carnitine serum concentrations and urinary excretion were examined in patients with various neuromuscular diseases. On a measured, low carnitine diet and during fasting, the patients did not differ from controls. Carnitine excretion in patients (3.09 +/- 1.87 mumol/kg/day) and controls (2.99 +/- 1.12) exceeded carnitine intake (patients, 2.35 +/- 0.94 mumol/kg/day; controls, 1.33 +/- 0.70). Because of heterogeneity in the patient population, carnitine excretion was assessed according to creatinine excretion, chosen as an indicator of muscle mass. Those patients with daily creatinine excretion less than 1 g/day had significantly lower carnitine excretion (106 +/- 47 versus 205 +/- 95 mumol/day, p less than 0.05), and there was a positive correlation between creatinine excretion and carnitine excretion (r = 0.82) and between muscle carnitine and carnitine excretion (r = 0.67). Urinary clearances for acylcarnitine were 10 and 20 times higher than those for free carnitine. Two patients with carnitine palmityl transferase deficiency were similar to the other patients, but the carnitine-deficient patient lost excessive carnitine during fasting, probably secondary to elevated acylcarnitine fraction in the blood. PMID- 7315772 TI - Vitamin B6 status of a group of preschool children. AB - The vitamin B6 status of 35 preschool males and females was evaluated using plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels. The kilocalorie, protein, and vitamin B6 intakes were also estimated. Height and weight values of the three and four year old volunteers were within normal ranges. Seventeen percent of the children had estimated vitamin B6 intakes less than 2/3 of RDA. The estimated B6 intakes and plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels of children who took vitamin supplements were significantly higher than values for subjects not taking supplements. The plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels of children reportedly consuming less than the RDA for vitamin B6 were significantly lower than those of subjects consuming higher levels. Of the children 9% seemed to have inadequate vitamin B6 status as indicated by their having plasma pyridoxal phosphate levels below 8.5 ng/ml. PMID- 7315773 TI - The influence of pentose on breath methane. AB - In a population study the concentration of methane in the expired breath of methane-producing subjects was significantly related to the dietary intake of noncellulosic polysaccharide pentose (p less than 0.01) and to the intake of lignin (p less than 0.05). The single dose administration of complex polysaccharide sources rich in pentoses to fasting subjects did not result in an increase in methane production when measured over 5 h. The single dose administration of D(+) xylose and L(+) arabinose led to a significant increase in methane excretion in methane producers. PMID- 7315774 TI - Serum lipids in humans fed diets containing beef or fish and poultry. AB - One half of a group of 129 men and women (74 men and 55 women), in a cross-over design at, within a self-selected diet, one egg and at least 5 oz of beef daily for 3 months while the other half at one egg and at least 5 oz of poultry and fish daily. Then they reversed their diets for 3 months. Blood samples were drawn by venipuncture before the study started and at the end of the 3 and 6 months, for analyses of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. No statistically significant changes were found in serum lipids in men. In women serum triglycerides but not other serum lipids were significantly higher when poultry and fish had been ingested. PMID- 7315775 TI - Intestinal fatty acid esterification activity in jejunoileal bypass patients. AB - In four patients undergoing reversal of jejunoileal bypass we compared functional (in continuity) with bypassed intestine in order to determined the effects of luminal contents. Total mucosal thickness, villus height, and crypt depth, as well as in vitro fatty acid esterification activity were determined. Morphological studies in segments exposed to luminal contents revealed that the ileum had a greater mucosal thickness than the jejunum (p less than 0.001) and that the difference was reflected in both villus height and crypt depth (p less than 0.001). The functioning segments of both jejunum and ileum had a greater mucosal thickness than corresponding bypassed segments consequent to a difference in villus height (p less than 0.001) but not crypt depth. Despite similar exposure to luminal contents, total fatty acid esterification was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the functioning jejunum than in the ileum. Jejunum incontinuity possessed higher esterification activity than bypassed jejunum. These results indicate that 1) luminal contents are the most important modulator of intestinal fatty acid esterification activity and the absence of luminal contents in bypassed intestine leads to a significant reduction in esterification activity, 2) the jejunum and ileum possess intrinsic differences in esterification activity even when both are exposed to an identical luminal environment. PMID- 7315776 TI - Hemoglobin criteria with respect to obesity. AB - To determine whether Hb criteria should be adjusted for obesity, the ranges and medians of Hb concentrations for 354 obese and 1894 nonobese, white children, aged 6 to 14 yr from HANES I were compared. Although median Hb concentrations average 0.125 g/dl higher in obese individuals with or without exclusion of iron deficient individuals this slight difference is not significant (t tests p less than 0.1). It is suggested that while age, sex, altitude, and potentially, race are valid considerations when screening for anemia, a further adjustment for obesity appears unwarranted and would complicate efforts in optimizing screening for anemia. PMID- 7315777 TI - The contribution of increased thermogenesis to the effect of anorectic drugs on body composition in mice. AB - The study investigated whether changes in body composition of normal and genetically obese C57BL/6J (ob/ob) mice caused by the anorectic drugs phentermine, diethylpropion, fenfluramine, and mazindol are entirely due to reduced food intake. Mice were dosed daily (25 mg/kg po) for 28 days after which time carcass composition was determined. Compared to controls fed at libitum, reductions in food intake were for phentermine, 7%; fenfluramine, 17%; diethylpropion, 17%, whereas reduction in body lipid content were for phentermine, 16%; mazindol, 18%; fenfluramine, 8%; diethylpropion, 10%. Since diet restriction by 22% (in the absence of treatment with any drug) resulted in a body lipid content 12% below that of controls fed ad libitum, these results suggest that some of the lipid loss caused by phentermine and possibly mazindol is due to increased energy expenditure. In support of this conclusion, phentermine and mazindol increased energy expenditure in normal mice by 35% compared to untreated controls in the 6 h after dosing but diethylpropion and fenfluramine had little or no effect. Determination of the carcass composition of the normal mice confirmed that phentermine has a metabolic antiobesity effect. Fenfluramine had an unexpected effect on carcass composition in normal mice. PMID- 7315778 TI - Body composition and physical activity in 8-year-old children. AB - Body measurements and determinations were made of normal children age 8 3/4 yr. Anthropometric indices most highly correlated with percentage fat as determined by body density were the sum of four skinfolds, relative weight, and triceps skinfold thickness. Girls had a significantly higher percentage of fat than boys. Percentage fat at this age was compared to longitudinal activity scores (based on 1-day activity records) obtained from 6 months to the current age. There was no significant correlation of activity with fatness in girls. In boys, activity at 3 and 4 yr had a significant negative correlation with fatness at age 8; activity at age 8 was not correlated. Relative-leanness-fatness was better related to past than current activity. Comparison of longitudinal activity scores revealed a continuity of activity patterns for short intervals (e.g., 1 yr), but over longer periods (e.g., 4 or more yr) the effect diminished. PMID- 7315779 TI - The energy expenditure of female carpet weavers and rural women in Iran. AB - The energy cost of individual activities and the daily energy expenditure of female carpet weavers and villagers were measured in Iranian villages and in the town of Isfahan as part of a series of studies to assess the validity for the population of past and present FAO recommended energy allowances. The energy cost of typical activities was measured by indirect calorimetry using Max-Planck respirometers. Daily energy expenditure was assessed using these figures combined with a 24-hr activity diary. The results of standard activity values are compared with other published values for Europeans and populations of countries with hot climates. The mean daily energy expenditure for both groups was in the order of 2000 kcal/day, below but close to the FAO recommendations which appear valid for rural women in a large part of the country but are probably an underestimate for areas where the participation of women in agriculture is greater. PMID- 7315780 TI - Nutritional status of Quebec Indians. AB - The nutritional status of more than 80% of adult Indians in three bands in a remote area of Quebec was studied during the summer of 1978 and the findings were compared with the results of the 1970 and 1972 Nutrition Canada national and Indian surveys in which the Indian participation rate was 30%. In the present study, hematocrit, serum iron, transferrin saturation, serum vitamin E, serum folic acid, and urine thiamin excretion patterns showed only minor differences from Nutrition Canada's national and Indian survey. Serum total protein values were slightly higher in Indians than in the national sample, consistent with previous findings. A higher percentage of subjects had low serum concentrations of vitamin A and ascorbic acid than in the previous Indian survey, but not to such a marked degree. PMID- 7315781 TI - Long-term energy balance in child-bearing Gambian women. AB - The energy intake of 143 pregnant and lactating Gambian women was measured prospectively each week for a year. Anthropometric, birth weight, and breast milk output measurements were also obtained. The average energy intakes (+/- SE) during the dry and wet seasons respectively were: pregnancy, 1483 +/- 22 and 1417 +/- 41 kcal/day; lactation (1st trimester), 1773 +/- 31 and 1474 +/- 42 kcal/day; lactation (subsequent trimesters), 1662 +/- 16 and 1413 +/- 37 kcal/day. Pregnant women gained 1.4 kg body weight per month in the dry season, but only 0.4 kg in the wet season. Lactating women gained weight in the dry season and lost weight in the wet season. Maternal nutritional status did not deteriorate with increasing parity. Mean birth weights (+/- SE) were: 2.94 +/- 0.07 and 2.78 +/- 0.11 kg in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Breast milk output and quality and early infant growth were close to values from well-nourished communities during the dry season, but deteriorated markedly during the wet season. Wet season energy intakes were clearly inadequate, but these results indicate that, despite being low by international standards, the dry season intake was compatible with a good lactational performance. Except for a somewhat low birth weight, which is partly explained by small maternal stature, progress during pregnancy was also remarkably normal during the dry season. PMID- 7315782 TI - Zinc concentration in hair and serum of pregnant women in Belfast. AB - Serum and hair levels of zinc were estimated in 28 nonpregnant women and 60 pregnant women at 20 to 22 wk of gestation (2nd trimester), 36 to 37 wk of gestation (3rd trimester), and 3 days postpartum. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in pregnant subjects compared to the nonpregnant and showed a continuous significant decline with increasing duration of pregnancy. Mean hair concentration in the various stages of study of pregnant women and nonpregnant subjects were comparable. However, a progressive decrease in hair zinc concentration was noted with advancing pregnancy; the decline between 2nd and 3rd trimester was statistically significant. Mean serum zinc concentration in umbilical cord blood was approximately twice that in maternal blood. Smoking had no effect on zinc concentration, while the effect of alcohol and parity was inconsistent. Oral contraceptive usage before conception appeared to lower hair zinc concentration and increase serum zinc concentration during pregnancy. Two subjects had spontaneous abortion and these had serum zinc in the lower range and hair zinc values in the higher range. The remaining 58 subjects gave birth to normal neonates weighing 2500 to 4500 g. The study revealed that zinc nutrition of the majority of the expectant mothers was adequate for normal growth and development of fetus. The possible cause and implication of observed changes in zinc metabolism are discussed. PMID- 7315783 TI - Use of stable isotopes of selenium in human metabolic studies: development of analytical methodology. AB - Use of stable isotopes of selenium in relation to enrichment of diets for studies of selenium absorption and metabolism in human subjects is discussed. A method based on radiochemical neutron activation analysis is described which allows accurate measurement of stable isotopes 74Se, 76Se, and 80Se in matrices (feces, plasma, red blood cells, and urine) of interest in metabolic studies. We show that these isotopes can routinely be measured with analytical precision and accuracy of 10% in samples of available size. This precision and accuracy is satisfactory for conduct of many nutritional experiments concerned with gastrointestinal absorption, plasma and red cell selenium turnover, and urinary excretion of the element, using an oral dose of 74Se. Original, experimental data are presented to illustrate the degree of enrichment of 74Se in feces, plasma, and urine after a single oral ingestion of 50 micrograms of the isotope with a breakfast meal in healthy young men. PMID- 7315784 TI - Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data. AB - Measurements relevant to body fatness are made commonly in clinical settings. However, associations between these measurements and body fatness are poorly known and procedures are needed to facilitate the interpretation of these measurements. Consequently, data from 405 white children and adults aged 6 to 49 yr were used to calculate the correlations between selected anthropometric measurements and estimates of percentage body fat and total body fat. Comparisons among these correlations, for children and adults of each sex, lead to conclusions that the triceps skinfold is the best single indicator of percentage body fat in children and women; weight/stature is the best single indicator of total body fat in girls and adults. In men weight/stature is the best indicator of percentage body fat and in boys the subscapular skinfold is the best indicator of total body fat. Weight/stature can be obtained using a calculator or the nomogram provided. It is recommended that these measures be obtained when there is interest in body fatness and the data compared with percentiles from a nationally representative sample. PMID- 7315785 TI - Comparison of methods of estimating body fat in normal subjects and cancer patients. AB - Total body fat can be indirectly estimated by the following noninvasive techniques: determination of lean body mass by measurement of body potassium or body water, and determination of density by underwater weighing or by skinfold measurements. The measurement of total body nitrogen by neutron activation provides another technique for estimating lean body mass and hence body fat. The nitrogen measurement can also be combined with the measurement of total body potassium in a two compartment model of the lean body mass from which another estimate of body fat can be derived. All of the above techniques are subject to various errors and are based on a number of assumptions, some of which are incompletely validated. These techniques were applied to a population of normal subjects and to a group of cancer patients. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in terms of their ability to estimate total body fat. PMID- 7315786 TI - Will questionable nutrition overwhelm nutrition science? PMID- 7315787 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 7315788 TI - Severe caloric restriction. PMID- 7315789 TI - Food eating patterns and health: sense or nonsense? PMID- 7315790 TI - Food eating patterns and health. PMID- 7315791 TI - Zinc deficiency and central nervous system malformations in humans. PMID- 7315792 TI - The effect of lymphocyte recovery on lymphocyte typing results. AB - This study examines the relationship between percent recovery of lymphocytes and T- and B-cell typing results. Lymphocytes were recovered from heparinized whole blood by density gradient centrifugation. T- and B-cells were enumerated by spontaneous sheep rosetting and direct fluorescent antibody staining for surface immunoglobulin, respectively. The findings indicate that at low recovery levels ( less than 80%) there is a significant increase in variability of lymphocyte typing results and a significant increase in IgG-bearing B-lymphocytes. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. These results suggest that lymphocyte typing results should be interpreted in relation to recovery level and that recovery levels of greater than or equal to 80% are desirable. PMID- 7315793 TI - Comparative evaluation of an automated kinetic laser nephelometer with other immunoprecipitin technics for the assay of serum immunoglobulins. AB - A comparative evaluation of a laser nephelometer (J.T. Baker Immunology Series 420 Laser Nephelometer) with other immunoprecipitin methods in each of two separate laboratories is reported. This is a batch-oriented almost fully automated laser nephelometer capable of both kinetic and end-point nephelometry. In the kinetic mode, it will automatically detect antigen-excess and perform multiple reassays of further dilutions of sample in a completely unattended mode. Both instrument maintenance and down-time were minimal in both laboratories. The data derived from manufacturer's kits for the assay of IgG, IgA, and IgM were compared to both commercial radial-immunodiffusion and a two-point fixed interval immunoturbidimetric method on a centrifugal fast analyzer. Correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9 in all instances, with variable bias depending on the assay. The apparent bias was felt to be due to a combination of factors including different antibody sources, variance in reference material, assay conditions, difference in measurement modality, and form of mathematical evaluation. The instrument was easy to operate, rapidly gained technologist acceptance, replicated various assay levels at coefficient of variations of less than 10% (between run) and fulfilled our expectations regarding the automatic detection of antigen excess and unattended sample reassay. PMID- 7315794 TI - Interpretation of various serological profiles of hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Serial serum specimens from 149 patients with clinically diagnosed hepatitis were tested for five hepatitis B serological markers: hepatitis B surface antigen and its antibody (anti-HBs); hepatitis B e-antigen and its antibody (anti-HBe); and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The times of appearance, disappearance, and persistence of these markers were used to differentiate various serological profiles obtained from the study. Four distinctive profiles were found to be associated with acute hepatitis B followed by recovery, and three with chronic hepatitis. These serologic profiles were assessed as diagnostic and prognostic guides for clinical management of the disease. PMID- 7315795 TI - Strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients. AB - An increasing number of severe, even fatal cases of strongyloidiasis in patients on immunosuppressive drugs are being reported. During a 26 month period, three severe cases of Strongyloides stercoralis infestation were diagnosed in patients who were on steroid therapy. These cases are of special interest because of the following factors. Firstly, all the patients lived in a nonendemic metropolitan area. Secondly, a single stool specimen from one patient contained several distinct developmental stages of the parasite's life cycle. This finding appears to be unique considering the fact that the patient had not been administered a purgative or anthelminthic. Lastly, a surviving renal transplant patient continues to have persistent strongyloidiasis despite repeated Mintezol (thiabendazole) therapy. PMID- 7315797 TI - Limitations of polyethylene glycol precipitation assays for circulating immune complexes. AB - Polyethylene glycol precipitation assays (PEG-A) have been promoted as technically simple, inexpensive methods for detecting and quantitating circulating immune complexes; however, their specificity and sensitivity have not been clearly defined. Data are presented showing that the percent recovery of IgG in 3.5% PEG increases as the concentration of IgG increases such that hypergammaglobulinemia alone can cause a positive test result. When sera from 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied, no correlations were found between results obtained by either Raji cell assay, or cryoprecipitation and those obtained by PEG-A. We conclude that 3.5% PEG-A, although appealing because of simplicity, can not be used as a substitute for established, but technically more demanding assays for circulating immune complexes. PMID- 7315796 TI - Bivariate ratio monitoring in clinical laboratories. AB - The usefulness of monitoring bivariates was studied and discussed. Analysis of the correlation between bivariates was studied and discussed. Analysis of the correlation between bivariates demonstrated that combinations of bivariates can be divided into two groups. The first group was the combination in which a close correlation between two variates could be observed in any pathophysiologic state. The monitoring of the ratio of this first group was effective for the detection of analytical mistakes and the detection of symptom poor hereditary disorders, such as pharmacogenetical disorders. The second group was one in which a high correlation between two variates was obtained in some specific pathologic stage, and the monitoring the ratio of this second group gave high predictive values for the screening of that pathologic stage. It was demonstrated that the use of bivariate monitoring was not only very simple but also provided an effective laboratory data analysis system for the laboratory routine. PMID- 7315798 TI - Legionnaires' disease in Vermont. 1972-1976. AB - One hundred four autopsy cases with previously diagnosed pneumonitis were examined for evidence of Legionnaires' disease. The peak epidemic months of July, August, and September in the five years before the 1977 Vermont epidemic were chosen for study. The bacterium, Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) was demonstrated in lung tissue by direct immunofluorescence and the Dieterle silver impregnation stain. There was no clustering of Legionnaires' disease in any one year., The clinical presentation and pulmonary pathology were similar to that of Legionnaires' disease previously reported in Vermont. Seven out of 104 cases were identified as previously undiagnosed Legionnaire's disease. In this time frame, it can be concluded that the disease has been endemic in Vermont. PMID- 7315799 TI - Group identification of streptococci. Evaluation of three rapid agglutination methods. AB - The clinical need to rapidly and correctly differentiate beta-hemolytic streptococci into Lancefield groups has prompted the commercialization of rapid agglutination methods. Three serogrouping kits, Phadebact, Sero STAT, and Streptex, were compared with the classic precipitin technic. One hundred and fifty beta-hemolytic streptococci and 75 alpha-hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens were used. Phadebact grouped all beta-hemolytic strains correctly while Sero STAT and Streptex were 96.7% and 99.3% accurate, respectively. Phadebact and Streptex correctly identified all group D streptococci. Commercial agglutination reagents represent a simple and reliable method for grouping streptococci. PMID- 7315800 TI - The effect of tocopherol on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PMID- 7315801 TI - Teaching community intervention in a clinical program: reflections in the themes of supervision. AB - By drawing on a specific case example--the teaching of community intervention in a clinical program--this paper describes the problematic themes that graduate student trainees bring to the supervision of consultation and explores the influence of the organizational base for teaching on both the structure and the process of the field experience. These thematic struggles, in part generic to the community-interventionist role and in part a function of the pattern of institutional arrangements that frame the training experience, are analyzed, and recommendations are made for structural changes that would facilitate training in community intervention. PMID- 7315802 TI - Antibiotic therapy for Salmonella syndromes. PMID- 7315803 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. Everything's not turning up roses. PMID- 7315804 TI - Salmonella sepsis in infancy. AB - Of seven infants with Salmonella sepsis, three had meningitis. A review of these cases and others previously reported demonstrated that among infants less than 1 year old in Arkansas, Salmonella infection developed in 383 over a 31/2-year period. The reported incidence of sepsis and/or meningitis was 1.8%; for those less than 2 months of age, it was 5.0%. Epidemiologic investigation failed to disclose a consistent source of the Salmonella colonization for young infants. Treatment of meningitis with ampicillin sodium was frequently associated with relapse or clinical failure, while chloramphenicol or a chloramphenicol ampicillin combination appeared to offer superior efficacy. Consideration should be given to antibiotics for the routine treatment of Salmonella gastroenteritis in infants less than 3 months of age. PMID- 7315805 TI - Hematologic abnormalities after oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy in children. AB - The development of hematologic abnormalities was prospectively evaluated in 50 children treated for ten days each with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and compared with a control group of 20 children with similar infections treated with amoxicillin trihydrate. Neutropenia (polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte counts, less than or equal to 1,500/cu mm) developed in 17 (34%) of the 50 children treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with one (5%) in the control group of 20 children (P less than 0.001). Thrombocytopenia (platelet count, less than 150,000/cu mm) developed in six (12%) of the children treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but it did not develop in any of the amoxicillin-treated children (P less than .01). Neutropenia occurred mostly during the first week of treatment and lasted a mean of 8.9 days. Thrombocytopenia was noted between the seventh and 16th day (mean, 10.3 days) and lasted a mean of 12.7 days. Both side effects resolved spontaneously without ill effects. Children treated with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should be followed up with biweekly leukocyte and platelet counts, and treatment should be discontinued if severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia develops. PMID- 7315806 TI - A study of the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients. AB - The records of 455 children were reviewed to investigate the relationship of nutritional status at time of first referral to various measurements of disease and survival. Initial symptoms of weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and early satiety were all directly correlated. Serum albumin level and nutritional status were not directly correlated. Likewise, there was no direct relationship between performance status and nutritional status. However, higher values of serum albumin were associated with better performance status. Nutritional status was directly related to freedom from relapse among children with solid tumors whether they had localized or non-localized disease. In addition, improved survival was related to good nutritional status for children with localized disease, whereas those with advanced disease had a poorer survival regardless of their nutritional status. Nutritional status appears to have prognostic implications among children with cancer. PMID- 7315808 TI - Karyotype-phenotype correlation in partial trisomy 13. Report of a case due to maternal translocation. AB - A partial trisomy 13q, originating from a maternal translocation, 46,XX,t(3;13) (p26;q22), occurred in a 3-month-old infant, affected by multiple congenital anomalies. A review of the previously reported cases of partial trisomy for the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome 13 is conclusive for the existence of a distinct clinical entity; however, it is difficult to assign particular malformations to specific chromosome bands. PMID- 7315807 TI - Nafcillin extravasation injury. Use of hyaluronidase as an antidote. AB - Subcutaneous extravasation of parenteral nafcillin sodium can cause deep-tissue necrosis, sometimes necessitating multiple debridements and skin grafting. We report two cases in which nafcillin-induced tissue injury was successfully prevented by prompt clysis of hyaluronidase to the site of infiltration; these patients are compared with an infant in whom hyaluronidase was not used and in whom full-thickness skin loss resulted. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that reduces or prevents tissue injury by causing the rapid diffusion of extravasated fluids through tissues by temporarily destroying tissue cement, thus increasing absorptive surface and the resultant rate of absorption. We have found that hyaluronidase, when used promptly after an extravasation has occurred, is effective in markedly reducing the amount of local tissue damage and destruction caused by the infiltration of nafcillin. PMID- 7315809 TI - Evaluation of macrocrania using computed tomography. AB - Computed tomographic scans were obtained on 72 consecutive infants and children who were referred because of a large head; 75% had hydrocephalus. Patients who had communicating hydrocephalus had the best prognosis. Prognosis of other types of hydrocephalus was poor, especially in cases showing cystic brain disease(porencephaly, multicystic disease, hydranencephaly). Nonhydrocephalic macrocranias were accounted for mainly by premature infants who had catch-up head growth and by patients who had primary megaloencephaly associated with abnormal neurologic development. PMID- 7315810 TI - Hydrocephalus associated with intraspinal neoplasms in childhood. AB - We report nine cases of obstructive or communicating hydrocephalus among 64 infants and children with intraspinal neoplasms. There were three intramedullary, four intradural, and two extradural tumors. Although four patients had papilledema, and five myelograms revealed total block, the total CSF protein level was not always elevated in the fluid above the intraspinal lesion. Analysis of these nine cases permits several different pathogenetic considerations of hydrocephalus associated with intraspinal tumors. The high incidence (14%) of this coexistent syndrome might be a characteristic of intraspinal neoplasms in infants and young children. PMID- 7315811 TI - Radiological case of the month. Hydranencephaly. PMID- 7315812 TI - Rupture of spleen complicating infective endocarditis. PMID- 7315813 TI - Efficient blood use in a neonatal intensive care unit: the 'cow' technique. PMID- 7315814 TI - Infections and iron. PMID- 7315815 TI - Transient protein-losing enteropathy and enlarged gastric rugae. PMID- 7315816 TI - Linkage between chronic granulomatous disease and Duchenne's muscular dystrophy? PMID- 7315817 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine failure. PMID- 7315818 TI - Injury and normal and low birth weights. PMID- 7315819 TI - Guidelines for training in gastroenterology. PMID- 7315820 TI - Colitis in the elderly. A reappraisal. AB - The records of 81 patients with colitis whose symptoms began after the age of 50 years were analyzed to determine the importance of ischemia as a cause of colitis in this age group and to evaluate the accuracy of previous diagnoses. Patients were classified by clinical, roentgenological and pathologic criteria. A retrospective diagnosis of ischemic colitis was made in three-fourths of the patients, one-half of whom had original discharge diagnoses of ulcerative, Crohn's or nonspecific colitis. This study supports our belief that ischemia is the most common cause of colitis beginning in patients older than 50 years of age. Moreover, the incorrect diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in a large proportion of these patients may explain why colitis has been reported to behave differently in the elderly than in the young. PMID- 7315821 TI - Blunt trauma and liver abscess. AB - Three cases of pyogenic liver abscess following blunt trauma to the torso are described. The association between blunt trauma with liver contusion and the development of bacterial pyogenic liver abscess is explored. Reported series of liver abscess are reviewed. It is suggested that physicians look for the development of liver abscess in patients who have had major blunt trauma to the torso. Physicians should also inquire about blunt trauma in patients with documented pyogenic liver abscesses. PMID- 7315822 TI - Complications of intestinal tubes. PMID- 7315823 TI - Imuran in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. AB - A retrospective study of 35 patients with ulcerative colitis is presented. The patients were treated with Imuran, alone or combined with corticosteroids, in single or repeated courses, over a period of 11 years. The usual indication for Imuran treatment was nonresponse to Azulfidine or corticosteroids. Criteria for response to treatment were: 1. decrease in stool frequency, 2. decrease in frequency and amount of rectal bleeding and 3. weight gain. Improvement was noted on the average two weeks after the start of Imuran therapy and 62% of the patients had complete remission afer 1.7 months. When patient-months of remission and activity were compared on different therapies. Imuran, both alone and combined with steroids, was clearly superior to nontreatment or steroid therapy. With the exception of two patients with fulminant disease, who developed fatal septicemia on Imuran therapy, there were no serious complications. Seven patients eventually underwent colectomy and one patient developed carcinoma of the colon. Our results indicate that there is a definite place for Imuran in the treatment of selected patients with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 7315825 TI - Pericardial effusion associated with pancreatitis. PMID- 7315824 TI - Giant pseudopolyps in Crohn's colitis. A nonoperative approach. AB - Six patients with Crohn's disease had colonic intraluminal multilobulated masses detected on barium enema. Four had Crohn's colitis and two ileocolitis. The mean duration of disease was four and eight tenths years. Three patients underwent surgery and three had colonoscopy with multiple biopsies and cytology. Pseudopolypoid inflammatory tissue was found in each case. One patient died after a prolonged postoperative course due to sepsis and abscess formation. No surgery was performed in three patients and follow-up colonoscopic examinations at four and a half years revealed no change in these findings. The presence of an intraluminal colonic mass in Crohn's colitis may mimic a neoplasm. If surveillance with x-ray, endoscopic biopsies and cytology reveals pseudopolypoid inflammatory tissue then surgery is not mandatory. Pseudopolypoid inflammatory tissue has never been associated with carcinoma. PMID- 7315827 TI - Reducing the effect of measurement variation. PMID- 7315826 TI - Jejunal adenocarcinoma presenting with hematemesis. PMID- 7315828 TI - Facial scarring after varicella. A comparison with variola major and variola minor. AB - To assess the prevalence of persistent facial scars after recovery from chickenpox (varicella), 250 subjects in Somalia in whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by electron microscopic identification of varicella virus were examined in 1979, a year after their illness; 2.4% had five or more facial scars indistinguishable from those seen among smallpox (variola major or variola minor) victims, with a higher percentage among males (2.7%) than females (1.9%). The highest proportion of those with five or more residual facial scars (8.3%) was found among young adults 20-29-years-old. The low proportion of varicella cases who had five or more facial scars contrasts with the 6.8% of cases of variola minor who were similarly scarred one year later (Somalia, 1978), and to an even greater degree with the situation after variola major, where the proportion varied from 65% for vaccinated subjects to 85% among unvaccinated persons (India, 1976). Pockmark surveys are a valid method for determining the past occurrence of variola major but cannot be relied on in areas were variola minor has occurred. However, varicella must be considered when making such a retrospective diagnosis. PMID- 7315829 TI - The epidemiology of plasma testosterone levels in middle-aged men. AB - Several diseases, e.g., coronary heart disease, cancer, etc., have been related to sex hormones. Thus, research on the epidemiology of sex hormones may be productive. The epidemiologic study of testosterone has been limited due to the circadian and circannual variations and the wide interindividual variability. The authors evaluated the reliability and repeatability of a single blood draw to measure individual plasma testosterone levels in three pilot studies. The results indicated that the measurements of the hormone level are highly repeatable and a single morning specimen appeared to be sufficient for characterization of individual testosterone levels. Research then focussed on 243 men in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial to investigate the determinants of plasma testosterone level. The results indicated that age and obesity were significantly correlated with plasma testosterone level. (The multiple R of these two variables in the multiple regression analysis for plasma total testosterone was 0.32.) Smoking was positively related to testosterone through a relationship with age. Daily physical activity, history of alcohol intake, and behavior factors of A and B behavior types were not found to be related to testosterone concentrations. PMID- 7315830 TI - High sodium in drinking water and its effect on blood pressure. AB - A recent study of two communities in Massachusetts showed that a group of high school sophomores exposed to 107 mg/liter sodium in their municipal drinking water had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures than a control group exposed to 8 mg/liter. The present study was undertaken to determine if these results could be repeated in two communities, LaGrange and Westchester, located in the Chicago metropolitan area. These communities have similar demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. However, the concentration of sodium in the municipal drinking water of LaGrange is 405 mg/liter as compared to 4 mg/liter for Westchester. A comparison was made between the blood pressures of high school juniors and seniors from the two communities. Of the 386 eligible students in LaGrange, 84% volunteered to have their blood pressures taken. In Westchester, 78% of the 401 eligible students volunteered. Results of the survey indicated that male and female systolic blood pressures in the high sodium community were not significantly higher than those in the low sodium community. Surprisingly, the observed systolic blood pressures of males in the lower sodium community were higher than those in the high sodium community. These findings did not corroborate the results of the Massachusetts study. However, the male and female diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher (p = 0.040 for males and p = 0.016 for females) in the high sodium community. The increases in diastolic blood pressures (approximately 2 mmHg for males and females) were not as large as those observed in the Massachusetts study (2.7 and 5.1 mmHg for males and females, respectively). PMID- 7315831 TI - Parent-child coronary heart disease risk factor associations. AB - The aim of this study was to assess parent-child interactions of coronary heart disease risk factors (total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterols, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and relative ponderosity) in parents and their pediatric-aged children in the Princeton School study. The study population included 430 parent-child pairs from 301 families. Forty-seven of these 301 families were "nuclear" (both parents and at least one child) and included 118 parent-child pairs. Univariate analyses of covariance were used to assess parent-child risk factor interactions and interrelationships. Interdependent coronary heart disease risk factor relationships were extensively shared by parents with their children. Knowledge of parental risk factor levels and their relationships and interactions with children's risk factor levels should be useful in identifying children at presumptively increased long-term risk as adults, and should illuminate metabolic relationships between parents and children for coronary heart disease risk factors. PMID- 7315832 TI - A comparison of the Sphygmetrics SR-2 Automatic Blood Pressure Recorder to the mercury sphygmomanometer in population studies. AB - The Sphygmetrics SR-2 Automatic Blood Pressure Recorder uses an infrasonic technique for detecting artery wall motion to estimate systemic arterial pressure and produces a permanent record of the results. It therefore is potentially useful in reducing observer bias in epidemiologic studies of blood pressure (BP). Two blood pressures were recorded in 21 men and 50 women using the SR-2 simultaneously with two auscultators using a biaural stethoscope and mercury syhgmomanometer. The SR-2 measured slightly higher systolic nd slightly lower diastolic pressures on average, but the differences were not significant. The two auscultators were highly correlated with one another (r = 0.99 systolic/0.97 diastolic) and with the SR-2 (0.93 and 0.92 for systolic, 0.84 and 0.85 for diastolic). The correlations were unrelated to sex, age, or antihypertensive medication status, but the correlations between th SR-2 and either auscultator for diastolic BP were quite low (0.36, 0.55) in subjects whose relative weight was below 1.0. Interpretation of the SR-2 disc was very reliable, with inter- and intra-reader correlations being 0.99 for systolic and 0.84 to 0.94 for diastolic. The SR-2 was found to be comparable to auscultation in estimating systolic BP in a heterogeneous population which has the advantages of reducing observer bias and producing a permanent record. Its use in estimating diastolic pressure in thin individuals and children needs further evaluation. PMID- 7315833 TI - Patterns of mortality in the the Old Order Amish. I. Background and major causes of death. AB - The major causes of death were studied in the Old Order Amish people in three settlements in Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania to determine if lifestyle and genetic isolation altered their mortality risk compared to neighboring non-Amish. The Amish are a conservative religious group who live in farm settlements, use horses for work and travel, exercise vigorously, and avoid cigarettes and alcohol. They are reproductively isolated and highly inbred. Death certificates and Amish censuses were used to determine mortality risks, which were summarized using age-adjusted mortality ratio (MRs). Amish mortality patterns were not systematically higher or lower than those of the non-Amish, but differed by age, sex, and cause. Amish males had slightly higher all-cause MRs as children and significantly lower MRs over the age of 40, due primarily to lower rates of cancer (MR = 0.44, age 40-69), and cardiovascular diseases (MR = 0.65, age 40 69). Amish females MRs for all causes of death were lower from age 10-39, not different from 40-69, and higher over age 69. MRs were not significantly different for all cancer sites combined in Amish women and they had higher cardiovascular mortality ratio aged 70 and over (MR =1.34). Other major causes of death were also examined. Because the Amish and other farming groups have similar mortality patterns, it is suggested that lifestyle may be the primary determinant of the overall mortality patterns in the Amish. PMID- 7315835 TI - Epidemiologic characteristics of necrotizing enterocolitis: a population-based study. AB - The authors studied retrospectively the epidemiologic characteristics of necrotizing enterocolitis occurring among Georgia infants born during 1977 and 1978; 148 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis were identified. The highest incidence rate for necrotizing enterocolitis occurred among infants weighing 751 1000 g at birth and declined with increasing birth weight to less than 0.2 cases per 1000 live births among infants weighing more than 2500 g at birth. The overall incidence rate for blacks was significantly greater than that for whites (1.6 vs. 0.5 cases per 1000 live births, p = 0.01). The overall case fatality ratio was 38.5%; there were no differences in these ratios between blacks and whites. Necrotizing enterocolitis accounted for 15% of all deaths after the first week of life for infants weighting 1500 g or less at birth. If Georgia incidence rates and fatality ratios are applied to 1978 US births, it is estimated that 2210 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis with over 900 associated deaths would have occurred. PMID- 7315836 TI - Day-specific incidence of nosocomial infection estimated from a prevalence survey. AB - The authors present a method for estimating hospital day-specific incidence of nosocomial infection from a prevalence survey. At Boston City Hospital this incidence was found to rise from zero on the first hospital day to become maximal during the fourth through the seventh weeks of hospital stay, and then to fall gradually. The risk in the second week of hospitalization was over four times that in the first week. The pattern of an initial rise and subsequent fall in day specific incidence with increasing hospital stays was found to be more marked in patients with discharge diagnoses associated with greater susceptibility to infection and was similar among patients with both short and long total durations of hospital stay. As day-specific incidence varies by hospital day, and proportion of admissions remaining in hospital to any specified day varies by hospital population, both these sources of variation must be taken into account to interpret comparisons among hospital populations. PMID- 7315834 TI - Risk factors for staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome. AB - Fifty-two cases of toxic-shock syndrome that occurred in January 1, 1976 through August 31, 1980, were reported to the Utah State Health Department between February 1 and August 31, 1980. The annual attack rate for Utah based on a six month surveillance period was 14.4 per 100,000 women ages 12-49 years. All cases were in women who had onset of illness within two days of menses. Potential risk factors were investigated with a case-control study utilizing 29 women hospitalized with toxic-shock syndrome and 91 neighborhood female controls. Nine of the 29 (31%) women reported recurrences of similar illness. Use of tampons (p = 0.012) and use of a single brand of tampon-Rely-during the month of illness (p less than 0.005, RR =6.11) were associated with a significantly increased risk of acquiring toxic-shock syndrome. More controls were sexually active than women who had toxic-shock syndrome (p less than 0.05, RR - 0.277). This epidemiologic investigation of toxic-shock syndrome in menstrual-age women has identified tampons generally and a single brand specifically as significant risk factors in acquiring toxic-shock syndrome. PMID- 7315837 TI - Some further results concerning regression to the mean. AB - Algebraic formulae are derived for the regression to the mean effect for a measurement whose population mean and variance change over time and for subpopulations selected according to initial value in any defined range. The distribution of values for the whole population is assumed to be normal. The results are applied to plasma cholesterol levels of participants in a dietary intervention study, some of whom were selected as having high initial levels. The formulae enable the effects of intervention to be separated from secular change and regression to the mean in studies for which this was not previously possible. PMID- 7315838 TI - Randomization by cluster. Sample size requirements and analysis. PMID- 7315839 TI - Evaluation of the platelet storage pool deficiency in the feline counterpart of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - Cats with the Chediak-Higashi (CH) syndrome have abnormal hemostasis with prolonged bleeding times and normal coagulation times. Platelet aggregation induced by serotonin, ADP, and collagen was impaired. Platelets from normal and CH cats were incubated with 14C-adenine and then gel-filtered. Gel-filtered platelets (GFP) from CH cats contained 63% of the ATP, 38% of the ADP, 100% of the Ca2+, and 75% of the Mg25 of normal platelets. Serotonin could not be detected in CH platelets. Acid hydrolase and total platelet protein of CH platelets was similar to normal platelets. Gel-filtered platelets were treated with thrombin to induce maximal secretion. Secretion of ATP, Ca2+, and Mg2+ was 1.9%, 12.4%, and 16% respectively of normal platelets. ADP secretion by CH platelets was not detectable. The ATP/ADP ratio in the 14C-labeled metabolic pool of normal platelets was similar to that of total measured nucleotide pool of CH platelets. These findings suggest that in feline CH platelets, as in platelets from CH mink and cattle, there is storage pool deficiency that is virtually complete, and the virtual absence of ADP and 5HT may in part account for the abnormal hemostasis. Aggregation of platelets from CH cats was impaired, but these platelets did aggregate to arachidonate, serotonin-induced biphasic aggregation, and the aggregation response to ADP and collagen varied according to the amount of serotonin-induced TxB2 formed. These findings support a major role for arachidonate in platelet activation. PMID- 7315841 TI - A simplified method for monitoring heparin therapy at the bedside: the activated whole blood clotting time. AB - Twelve patients receiving heparin during hemodialysis had coagulation parameters monitored using the whole blood clotting time (WBCT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma heparin levels and activated whole blood clotting time (AWBCT). The AWBCT, performed with a battery-powered portable incubator/timer, correlated with both the corresponding WBCT and the plasma heparin levels. However, the correlation between the AWBCT and the APTT was quite poor. This assay is simply performed, inexpensive, and reproducible. It is recommended as an excellent method for monitoring heparin therapy. PMID- 7315840 TI - Evidence that circulating immune complexes remove transfused platelets from the circulation. AB - Fifteen recently diagnosed patients with acute leukemias admitted for induction chemotherapy were selected for study. When thrombocytopenic (venous platelet count less than 20 X 10(9)/l) these patients received prophylactic platelet transfusions. A total of 67 platelet transfusion therapies were administered and evaluated. Using the Raji cell radioimmunoassay, the serum concentrations of circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured immediately before and 10-12 hr after each platelet transfusion. In 36 instances, elevated values of CIC were present in the recipient's pretransfusion samples. The corresponding posttransfusion values being significantly lower (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, in those 36 instances the mean percentage for the posttransfusion platelet increment was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than in the remaining 31 instances in which normal pretransfusion values of CIC were measured. We conclude that CIC were an important factor in rapidly removing transfused platelets from the circulation, thereby, adversely affecting the benefit of platelet transfusions. PMID- 7315842 TI - Problems in measurement of erythrocyte calcium. AB - As calcium has increasingly been the object of study in erythrocyte physiology, we reviewed the current methodologies for determination of calcium by atomic absorption spectrometry. The published normal values for erythrocyte calcium vary from 5 to 500 mumol/liter of packed cells. A method based on Harrison and Long's determination of calcium is presented and shows normal red cell calcium concentration to be 0.0149 +/- 0.0023 mumol/ml of packed red cells. The influence of temperature and type of crucible used in ashing red cells is assessed. The method of additions is employed to corroborate our results. PMID- 7315843 TI - Primary splenic hairy cell leukemia--remission for 21 years following splenectomy. AB - A patient with primary splenic hairy cell leukemia is reported. This patient presented with massive splenomegaly and pancytopenia due to hypersplenism. Exploratory laparotomy failed to demonstrate any disease outside the spleen and splenic hilar lymph nodes. Splenectomy was the only form of treatment. During the following 21 years, no recurrent hairy cell leukemia has been found. This case allows speculation that hairy cell leukemia may originate in the spleen and that prolonged survival or cure of the disease after splenectomy alone may be due to removal of stem cells in the spleen. PMID- 7315844 TI - Extramedullary blast transformation in the central nervous system in idiopathic myelofibrosis. AB - Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM) is a myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by anemia, fibrosis of the bone marrow, variable proliferation of megakaryocytes, myelocytic and erythrocytic precursors, and splenomegaly. Extramedullary hematopoiesis can develop in diverse areas. Unlike in chronic granulocytic leukemia, transformation to acute leukemia is uncommon in IM. Transformation to acute leukemia is usually accompanied by the findings of progressive increase in blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow [1]. We have recently treated a patient with an unusual transition from IM to acute leukemia in whom leukemic transformation began in the central nervous system. PMID- 7315845 TI - In re Grady: the mentally retarded individual's right to choose sterilization. AB - In the case of In re Grady, the New Jersey Superior Court addressed important issues concerning the propriety of a court's exercise of parens patriae jurisdiction to ratify parents' substituted consent to the sterilization of their mentally retarded child. This Note discusses the genesis of the fundamental right to choose sterilization, its application to mentally retarded individuals, and the adequacy of the procedural framework enunciated in Grady to assure that substituted consent by the parents is exercised solely in the mentally retarded individual's "best interests". This Note concludes that, while the Grady court properly exercised its parens patriae jurisdiction, the procedural framework enunciated is inadequate. The Note proposes a model that would implement the procedural elements the Note determines are essential to a "best interests" inquiry. The proposal requires: (1) that the individual be required to argue that sterilization is not in the incompetent's "best interests"; and (3) that the court determine, as a question of fact, whether the parents' exercise of substituted consent is in the incompetent's "best interests." The Note also suggests criteria which can be used in making the "best interests" determination, and recommends that "clear and convincing" evidence be required to support the "best interests" standard. PMID- 7315846 TI - Headaches, impaired mentation, diabetes insipidus and exophthalmosis in a 50 year old man. PMID- 7315847 TI - Specific immunoadsorption of IgG antibody in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. A new form of therapy for the acute critical stage. AB - Progressive and severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia developed in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) despite treatment with chlorambucil, high doses of corticosteroids and attempts to transfuse packed red blood cells. Splenectomy was not performed because of severe coronary artery disease. Direct antiglobulin tests revealed a warm red blood cell autoantibody of IgG-type with anti-e specificity. The patient was treated by extracorporeal immunoadsorption of plasma IgG using a cell separator and protein A as the immunoadsorbent. The patient responded by an increase in the hemoglobin levels and platelet counts after two treatments. Specificity of the procedure was shown by a decrease in the serum IgG and by the demonstration of the same reactivity to ficin-treated reagent red blood cell panel of the eluate from the protein A. Antibody titers of the patient's red blood cell eluate decreased from 1:128 to 1:64 and eventually the anti-e specificity was lost. This is a report of a novel approach to treatment of the acute phase of an autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 7315848 TI - Axial osteomalacia. Clinical, laboratory and genetic investigation of an affected mother and son. AB - Axial osteomalacia--a rare osteosclerotic bone disorder characterized by axial skeleton pain, coarsening of the trabecular bone pattern on radiographs of the axial but not appendicular skeleton, and osteomalacia on biopsy of a rib or iliac crest--has been reported in 10 apparently sporadic cases, all of which were in middle-aged or elderly Caucasian men. The etiology is unknown but has been postulated to be a bone cell defect. We describe the clinical, laboratory, pathologic and family study of a black mother and son with axial osteomalacia associated with polycystic liver and kidney disease. Investigation of the son suggested that radiographic osteosclerosis can be detected in early adulthood. Limited skeletal survey of his three children revealed no abnormalities. Examination of undecalcified iliac crest bone after in vivo tetracycline labeling revealed severe osteomalacia in the son despite normal circulating calcium, inorganic phosphate and vitamin D metabolite levels and persistently elevated alkaline phosphatase activity. Although osteoblasts appeared flat and inactive, histochemical studies showed intense alkaline phosphatase activity in the osteoblasts along most trabecular bone surfaces. Electron microscopy revealed intact matrix vesicles within unmineralized osteoid. The presence also of unexplained myopathy in the son--characterized by proximal muscle weakness, persistently elevated circulating creatine phosphokinase levels and pathogenic changes of myopathy on biopsy of quadriceps muscle--together with impaired bone mineralization, suggests that a disorder of vitamin D action may be involved in the pathogenesis of this unusual condition. Axial osteomalacia affects blacks as well as Caucasians, women as well as men, may be familial, and may perhaps be a developmental abnormality inherited in association with polycystic kidney and liver disease. PMID- 7315849 TI - Chlorpropamide metabolism. PMID- 7315850 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with abnormal collagen fibrils, sinus of Valsalva aneurysms, myocardial infarction, panacinar emphysema and cerebral heterotopias. AB - A 30 year old woman with marked joint hypermobility had severe, progressive lung disease, seizures, aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva and myocardial infarction documented during life. She died of intractable ventricular fibrillation, and postmortem examination showed myocardial injury in the distribution of the left coronary artery but no occlusive coronary artery disease. Severe panacinar emphysema was found in the lungs. Cerebral heterotopias with peculiar vascularization were present and were a likely cause of the seizure disorder. Electron microscopy showed dermal collagen fibrils to be heterogeneous in size, reduced in number, and irregular and frayed in appearance. This patient had a form of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, different from the 10 distinct variants described thus far, associated with lethal internal manifestations. PMID- 7315851 TI - Bromocriptine therapy for "nonfunctioning" pituitary tumors. AB - Bromocriptine therapy may cause regression of prolactinomas, but its effect on nonsecretory pituitary tumors is uncertain. Conventional treatment for such "functionless" tumors is surgery and/or radiotherapy, but recurrences pose a therapeutic dilemma. We describe a patient with such a tumor treated by surgery and radiotherapy who presented with recurrent disease 14 days later. On treatment with bromocriptine, 20 mg daily for 25 months, the intrasellar tumor recurrence had diminished in size and a suprasellar extension had almost disappeared. Bromocriptine therapy may therefore benefit some patients with nonsecretory pituitary tumors considered unsuitable for surgery or radiotherapy. PMID- 7315852 TI - Sterilization of Ommaya reservoir by instillation of vancomycin. AB - We describe the management of a patient with a Staphylococcus epidermidis infection of an Ommaya reservoir that was being used for the treatment of carcinomatous meningitis. Intravenous vancomycin failed to eradicate the organism. We treated our patient successfully with parenteral antibiotics and local instillation of vancomycin (25 micrograms/ml) without removing the reservoir. The patient tolerated the intraventricular vancomycin well. We recommend this approach in the treatment of infected Ommaya reservoirs in patients who have diseases with extremely poor prognoses and who wish to be discharged from the hospital early. PMID- 7315853 TI - Collagen disease: a new perspective. PMID- 7315854 TI - On the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. PMID- 7315855 TI - Influence of treatment and response status on infection risk in multiple myeloma. AB - The clinical course of 60 patients with multiple myeloma was examined for risk factors associated with infection. The overall incidence of infusion was 1.46 per patient-year. The greatest risk period for the occurrence of infection was the first two months after the start of initial chemotherapy. The incidence of infection during this period was 4.68 infections per patient-year compared with 1.04 infections per patient-year for subsequent months. Serum creatinine levels of 2 mg/dl or more (p less than 0.03) and decreased polyclonal serum immunoglobulins (p less than 0.01) predicted increased risk of early infections. Patients infected during the first two months of initial chemotherapy had the same rate of infection during the subsequent clinical course as did patients free of infection during the early treatment period. Thus, the early risk period does not represent only the attrition of susceptible patients. Patients who achieved an objective response had a decrease in infection risk during the time of the response (0.44 infections per patient-year). While response to chemotherapy prolongs life in multiple myeloma, the initiation of chemotherapy is associated with a definable risk period for infections. PMID- 7315856 TI - Reduction in antibiotic costs by restricting use of an oral cephalosporin. AB - Antibiotic cost control programs are important; however, they may be difficult to implement if they include intensive involvement of infectious diseases specialists. In a large municipal hospital, review of antibiotic cost data indicated that 31 percent of the total antibiotic expenditure was for an oral cephalosporin, cephalexin. The requirement that an antibiotic justification form be completed did not decrease use of the drug. However, the requirement that the prescribing physician telephone an infectious diseases specialist resulted in marked restriction of the oral cephalosporin and was accompanied by a 29 percent reduction (adjusted for inflation) in total antibiotic costs. Since comparatively few telephone requests were made and since the decision process to use an oral cephalosporin is comparatively simple, marked reduction in antibiotic costs was achieved with relatively little effort by the infectious disease expert. PMID- 7315858 TI - Abnormal prolactin responsivity to dopaminergic suppression in hyperprolactinemic patients. PMID- 7315857 TI - Heterogeneity of cancer cells from a single human colon carcinoma. AB - The human colon carcinoma cell line DLD-1, established from tumor tissue obtained from a 45 year old white man with an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, was studied from the perspective of tumor heterogeneity. The karyotype and morphology of cells from an early passage DLD-1 culture, as well as the histologic features of both the original tumor and neoplasms produced by inoculation of athymic nude mice with DLD-1 cells, indicated that both the DLD-1 cell line and the original tumor were heterogeneous. Two clones were isolated from the DLD-1 line; they differed in their morphology, karyotype, and cloning efficiency in soft agar. Furthermore, when cells from each clone were injected into athymic mice, histologically distinct tumors were produced. Various analyses showed that the two cloned lines were representative of the two subpopulations predominantly responsible for the heterogeneity of the original neoplasm. In vitro drug screening results demonstrated that the two cloned lines have differential sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. The parent DLD-1 human colon carcinoma cell line and its two cloned subpopulations provide material for the study of various aspects and implications of human cancer cell heterogeneity. PMID- 7315859 TI - When doctors meet numbers. AB - A Statistical Skills Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) was developed using hypothetical clinical questions to explore respondents' mastery of vocabulary and rules of inference that seem relevant to the use of quantitative information. The SAQ was administered to 281 subjects, including 36 medical students, 45 interns and residents, 49 physicians engaged in research and 151 physicians in full-time practice. All groups of subjects showed frequent lack of consensus on the meaning of terms in common use (e.g., "false-positive rate" and "p values") and unfamiliarity with some important principles in quantitative inference (e.g., the Central Limit Theorem and Regression to the Mean). Subjects often seemed willing to draw conclusions unsupported by available data. Performance on the SAQ was inversely correlated with length of time since graduation from medical school, and practicing physicians tended to err more frequently than the other three groups. PMID- 7315860 TI - Endocarditis caused by Neisseria mucosa in a patient with a prosthetic heart valve. AB - A forty year old man was admitted with suspected subacute bacterial endocarditis. Neisseria mucosa was isolated in pure culture. Initial antibiotic therapy included penicillin and gentamicin. After onset of allergic symptoms, penicillin was discontinued and vancomycin therapy instituted. Gentamicin therapy was discontinued after the serum creatinine began to rise. Minimum inhibitory concentration indicated that N mucosa was resistant to vancomycin. After allergy testing proved negative, intravenous penicillin therapy was reinstituted and continued until discharge, at which time the patient was to continue on oral penicillin for six months. PMID- 7315862 TI - Evaluation of the monocyte channel of the Hemalog-D: correlation with visual microscopy. AB - Poor correlation between Hemalog-D and standard microscopy monocyte counts has been reported. To achieve a better correlation between the monocyte figures of the two systems, the Hemalog-D includes an alarm signal: the remainder. The machine monocyte count can be adjusted to approach the visual count: if the remainder is greater than +5, add the machine remainder to the machine monocyte count; if the remainder is between -5 and -10, subtract the machine remainder from the Hemalog-D monocyte count. This simple addition or subtraction of remainders expands the range of white cell differential counts which can be accepted from the Hemalog-D without subsequent visual microscopic study of blood films. PMID- 7315861 TI - A course in electronics and instrumentation. AB - In response to the continued development of electronic instrumentation in all disciplines of clinical laboratory science, we have designed a new format for teaching electronic instrumentation. This course provides basic concepts in electronics, including safety precautions, the use of electronic testing equipment, methods for determining precision and accuracy of instruments, interpretation of the operating manual, and preventive maintenance. Students apply concepts by actually maintaining and adjusting improperly functioning instruments, using systematic techniques for trouble-shooting and adjustment. Student examinations indicate that the objectives are being met. PMID- 7315863 TI - Hematology problem: sideroblastic anemia secondary to alcoholism. PMID- 7315864 TI - Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni: experience in a large Chicago medical center. AB - From January 1979 through December 1979, 2069 stool specimens received by our laboratory for enteric culturing were additionally examined for the presence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. The study population included inpatients, outpatients and hospital food handlers. Patients were included regardless of symptoms. Enteric pathogens were identified as follows: Salmonella, 27 isolates; Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, 26 isolates; and Shigella, 11 isolates. Twenty five of 26 patients with stool cultures positive for Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni had an acute diarrheal illness. Diarrhea, fever and chills were the most common symptoms. In most patients the disease was self-limited, requiring only supportive therapy. A seasonal variation was noted, with 14 of the 26 patients presenting between July and September. PMID- 7315865 TI - Case report: livedo reticularis in endocarditis. AB - The peripheral manifestations of bacterial endocarditis are manifold and provide diagnostic clues as to the onset, etiology and potential complications of the disease. Petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, and Osler's nodes are among the more common cutaneous signs of endocarditis thought to be secondary to an allergic vasculitis or, as in the case of Osler's nodes, peripheral emboli. An asymmetric livedo reticularis rash was the initial presentation in a patient we recently treated with peptostreptococcus intermedius endocarditis, a heretofore undescribed dermal sign of endocarditis. Immunofluorescence studies of skin biopsies suggest that a livedo reticular rash may be one of the immune complex vasculitic syndromes associated with endocarditis. PMID- 7315866 TI - Case report. Tumoral calcinosis: an unusual complication of the laxative abuse syndrome. AB - A 47-year-old woman who abused laxatives as a means of weight control is described. Her laxative abuse resulted in an episode of tetany for which she was given long-term calcium and vitamin D therapy. This therapy, along with the ingestion of absorbable phosphate and alkali, and large amounts of milk, led to the development of tumoral calcinosis. The failure to fully appreciate the contribution of laxative abuse in her metabolic imbalance resulted in this complication. PMID- 7315867 TI - Case report. Tularemia in Ohio: report of two cases and clinical review. AB - Although unusual, human tularemia continues to be reported from areas of the United States which are not heavily endemic for the disease. Two patients with ulceroglandular tularemia diagnosed in Ohio are described. The causative microorganism, Francisella tularensis, is a small, pleomorphic gram negative coccobacillus which requires special microbiological media for laboratory isolation. In nature, the organism is usually transmitted to man by the handling of infected animal tissues and body fluids or by an arthropod vector. There are several clinical forms of tularemia of which the ulceroglandular type is most common. Laboratory diagnosis is usually made by demonstrating a four-fold increase in the serologic agglutinating antibody titer to Francisella tularensis. Streptomycin is the drug of choice in the treatment of tularemia. PMID- 7315869 TI - A study of mitosis, meiosis, histology, and scanning electron microscopic details of spermatogenesis in an infertile male with probable 46,XY/47,XXY germinal mosaicism. AB - A 29-year-old infertile man with mild eunuchoid body proportions and unilateral gynecomastia with a low sperm count had normal chromosomes in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. Serum testosterone, urinary ketosteroid, and follicle stimulating hormone levels were normal, but serum prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen levels were above normal. Testicular biopsy showed hypocellularity, a pacuity of maturing sperm, and increased lipid content in early spermatogonia. Cytogenetic analysis of the testicular material showed probable 46,XY/47,XXY mosaicism in spermatogonial cells. None of the cells in diakinesis and metaphase I showed the extra-X as a univalent, and 50% of the cells in diakinesis were hypodiploid with intact XY bivalents. Further analysis of spermatogenesis revealed polymorphic dyads, triads, tetrads, and uncleaved meiotic products of first and second meiosis. Sex chromatin studies of testicular cells showed that 20% of the cells were X-chromatin positive. Scanning electron microscopic study of sperm revealed a wide range of polymorphisms, with some uncleaved meiotic products maturing into double-headed and double-tailed sperm or sperm with bulbous middle pieces or protrusions. A cytogenetic basis for the origin of these abnormalities is presented. PMID- 7315868 TI - Unusual mosaicism of de novo structural abnormalities and ocular anomalies in a male with 13 trisomy syndrome. AB - A body with the 13 trisomy syndrome was found to have a unique form of mosaicism in which each of the two cell lines had different structural rearrangements. The predominant cell line was partially trisomic for the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 13, while the minor cell line was trisomic for all of the long arm of 13. The patient is also unusual because he had congenital glaucoma and was still alive at 10 years. PMID- 7315870 TI - Brief clinical report: a sixth report (eighth case) of craniosynostosis-radial aplasia (Baller-Gerold) syndrome. AB - We report a patient with craniosynostosis, radial aplasia, imperforate anus, and several associated congenital anomalies. It is concluded that she has the Baller Gerold syndrome. Parenteral consanguinity supports the suggestion that this condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. PMID- 7315871 TI - The usefulness of NOR and RFA banding in prenatal diagnosis: a case report. AB - Prenatal chromosome analysis of amniotic cells showed a male fetus to carry an unusual marker D chromosome containing extra genetic material on the short arm, which could be interpreted as a possible t(D;G) or t(D;Fq) unbalanced translocation using non-branded preparations or a routine GTG band method. Analysis of this marker by NOR and RFA banding and parental chromosome studies showed the marker to be an unusual variant of the satellited area of chromosome 15, with no associated phenotypic anomalies. The usefulness of NOR and RFA banding as aids in chromosome identification in prenatal diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 7315872 TI - Genetics of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX): an autosomal recessive trait with high gene frequency in Sephardim of Moroccan origin. AB - We described 6 patients (from 3 families) affected with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). All are Sephardic Jews of Moroccan extraction. In view of the small number of CTX patients diagnosed in the world (a total of 50 including our 6 patients), we are probably dealing with an ethnic subgroup with a high CTX gene frequency, which we have estimated to be 1/108. Since there are differences in expression in this disease, we recommend cholestanol study in cases of undiagnosed cataract or tendinous xanthomas in childhood or early adolescence. The diagnosis in CTX is important not only for genetic counseling, but also in veiw of possible treatment. PMID- 7315874 TI - Prometaphase chromosomes in five patients with the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. AB - We analyzed the prometaphase chromosomes of 5 patients (including one pair of sibs) with the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS), and did not find a significant chromosome abnormality in any of them. It appears that two distinct entities can be distinguished on clinical and chromosomal bases; the BDLS and the dup(3q) syndrome. We still recommend chromosome studies in any patients with BDLS and BDLS-like manifestations. PMID- 7315873 TI - The dup(3q) syndrome: report of eight cases and review of the literature. AB - Clinical and cytogenetic examinations were performed on eight unrelated infants with duplication of part of the long arm of chromosome 3. A review of published cases shows a clinical syndrome characterized by statomotoric retardation, shortened life span, and a multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome of abnormal head configuration, hypertrichosis, hypertelorism, ocular anomalies, anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, maxillary prognathia, down-turned corners of the mouth, highly arched or cleft plate, micrognathia, malformed auricles, short, webbed neck, clinodactyly, simian crease, talipes, and congenital heart disease. The dup(3q) syndrome is a clinically easily recognizable entity. PMID- 7315875 TI - Duplication 3q: severe manifestations in an infant with duplication of a short segment of 3q. AB - A patient with duplication of a short segment of 3q (3q21 leads to 26) without apparent deletion of 3 or of other chromosomes provided a further opportunity to study manifestations of this abnormality. The proposita had a broad nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, webbed neck, and clinodactyly V in addition to congenital heart disease, limb abnormalities, cleft palate, and severe developmental delay. The infant did not have the hirsutism and synophrys present in other cases. PMID- 7315876 TI - Mainstreaming: fulfilling the promise? AB - Four assumptions that propelled the movement away from self-contained classes for EMR children and towards mainstreaming were presented. Available data were provided for each assumption that indicated the extent to which the initial assumption has been realized. Overall, the data did not indicate major improvement in the caliber of education provided to EMR children as a consequence of the mainstreaming movement. The limitations of present conceptions of mainstreaming were cited as was the possibility of a need to redefine the concept of least restrictive environment. PMID- 7315877 TI - Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: applications to assessment of adaptive behavior. AB - A set of criteria based upon biostatistical considerations for determining the interrater reliability of specific adaptive behavior items in a given setting was presented. The advantages and limitations of extant statistical assessment procedures were discussed. Also, a set of guidelines for differentiating type of adaptive behavior that are statistically reliable from those that are reliable in a clinical or practical sense was delineated. Data sets were presented throughout in order to illustrate the advantages of recommended statistical procedures over other available ones. PMID- 7315878 TI - Development of a simplified diagnostic scoring method for the school version of the adaptive behavior scale. AB - The development of a standard scoring procedure by which the factor scores from the School Version of the Adaptive Behavior Scale can be combined was described. Subjects were 1,650 pupils in regular classes, 3,052 pupils in EMR programs, and 828 pupils in TMR classes from California and Florida. Discriminant analysis of the factor scores was computed in order to specify the discriminant coefficients to be used in predicting school classification status. Cross-validation of the discriminant analysis was obtained, and a procedure for creating a composite score was described. PMID- 7315879 TI - Teacher feedback to mentally retarded and nonretarded children. AB - In an effort to understand earlier findings on helplessness of retarded children, we observed feedback given during reading training to retarded and nonretarded children of third- to fourth-grade reading ability. The helplessness-inducing pattern of feedback identified in previous research on learned children were more likely to receive negative feedback than were nonretarded children. The findings suggest that retarded children's susceptibility to helplessness may result partly from the feedback they receive in school. PMID- 7315880 TI - Quality of life of mentally retarded adults transferred from large institutions to new small units. AB - Quality of life of mentally retarded adults was assessed in large institutions and after transfer to new small units. Environmental changes in management practices and staff-resident interaction for both types of living units indicated significant improvement after transfer. Total adaptive behavior of transferred residents increased in the new units, but only the increase 9 months after transfer was significant when compared with behavior of matched control subjects. Total maladaptive behavior and antipsychotic drug prescription increased initially, with the former declining at subsequent assessments. Higher ability residents from "free" wards decreased participation in culturally normative activities and did not significantly change their adaptive behavior. Both higher and lower ability residents from "restricted" wards increased their participation in culturally normative activities and improved with regard to adaptive behavior. Significant increases and decreases in adaptive behavior over time paralleled the lack and subsequent initiation of off-unit occupations for residents with IQs over 50. PMID- 7315881 TI - Independent living placement: five years later. AB - The placement success and quality of life of 69 mentally retarded persons placed into independent housing 5 years previously was evaluated. Eighty percent (n = 55) were still in their original independent housing placement. On the basis of multiple regression analysis, the most significant predictor variables were the behavioral skill areas of personal maintenance, communication, community integration, clothing care and use, and food preparation. Unsuccessful placements were related to bizarre behavior, nutritional problems, and inadequate home maintenance. Quality of life variables analyzed included employment, finances, community utilization, leisure-time usage, and friendship patterns. Analysis of the quality of life variables presented a mixed picture: Part of the data reflected low income and possible loneliness; on the other hand, community utilization occurred frequently and involved normal activities. Clients reported that they were proud of their apartments and felt good about "doing their own thing." In light of the results, an extended assistance-training model was presented. PMID- 7315882 TI - Use of independence training to teach shopping skills to mildly mentally retarded adults. AB - Independence training, which consists of in-vivo modeling, self-evaluation, feedback, social reinforcement, and instructions, was used to train shopping behavior to mildly mentally retarded adults living in the community. Ten subjects were trained and 10 subjects served as no-treatment controls. Treatment was provided in therapy sessions at an outpatient clinic and in the grocery store. Subjects who received independence training improved significantly more than did the no-treatment control subjects during the 4 weeks of training. Clients in the treatment condition maintained gains at a 2-month follow-up. In addition, grocery shopping skills generalized to another store where training had not been provided. PMID- 7315883 TI - A group response-cost system mediated by free tokens: an alternative to token reinforcement. PMID- 7315884 TI - Accessing mental representations of mentally retarded children. AB - The feasibility of using multidimensional scaling analyses (INDSCAL) of similarity data as a heuristic for discovering how retarded children psychologically represent stimuli was explored. Similarity judgments of all possible pairs of six basic colors were obtained from TMR children, nonretarded children, and adults. Judgments were elicited using several experimental tasks. Overall scaling solutions representing perceived relationships among the stimuli revealed a space consisting of the familiar "color wheel." Solutions were very similar across groups as well as across tasks. We concluded that multidimensional scaling of similarity judgments is a useful tool for determining how retarded individuals represent their world. PMID- 7315885 TI - Visual and kinesthetic memory and integration of mentally retarded and nonretarded adults. AB - The verbal short-term memory finding (Brown, 1974) that retarded individuals often fail to adopt rehearsal strategies spontaneously was extended to situations involving visual and kinesthetic short-term memory. Subjects were presented with a distance either visually or kinesthetically and after either a filled or unfilled retention interval were asked to reproduce the distance either visually or kinesthetically. Both retarded and nonretarded subjects seemed to benefit from the opportunity to rehearse information over the unfilled retention interval. The performance of cultural-familial retarded subjects mirrored that of nonretarded subjects, but brain-damaged subjects did particularly poorly in crossmodal situations. In conditions involving kinesthetic reproduction, brain-damaged subjects systematically overestimated distances. PMID- 7315886 TI - Leisure activities of mentally retarded adults. AB - Interviews were conducted with 44 moderately and mildly retarded adults about their leisure activities. Comparisons were made between these adults and nonretarded adults from the general population (Katz & Gurevitz, 1976) who were matched for age and amount of schooling completed. Results showed that the retarded adults went out in the evenings and engaged in social visiting significantly less frequently than did the general population. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to participation in a variety of daytime activities, such as sports and excursions, or in a variety of home activities. PMID- 7315887 TI - Relationship of IQ, adaptive behavior, age, and environmental demand to community placement success of mentally retarded adults. AB - Successfully and unsuccessfully placed mentally retarded adults were compared on the basis of IQ, age, Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) Factors 1, 2 and 3, and the ranking of program-setting demands. The ABS Factor 2 (Social Maladaptation), which is composed of behavior that challenges staff members' authority or threatens the health/safety of staff members or other clients, was the only measure that distinguished the groups. Successfully placed subjects exhibited lower levels of Social Maladaptation, suggesting that in order to improve chances for successful community placement, institution and community staff members should concentrate their efforts either on the reduction of socially maladaptive behavior or on the placement of more socially adaptive clients. PMID- 7315888 TI - Amniotic fluid catecholamines and metabolites in intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Simultaneous determinations of amniotic fluid levels of the catecholamines dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E), and the intraneuronal metabolites of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and NE, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG), were made, by radioenzymatic assay, in pregnancies resulting in growth-retarded (n = 14) and normal (n = 63) infants. Significant elevations in the mean concentration of NE (p less than 0.000005), E (p less than 0.005), and DOPEG (p less than 0.000001) as well as a significant decrease in the mean concentration of DOPAC (p less than 0.000001) were found in pregnancies resulting in growth-retarded infants as compared to pregnancies resulting in normal infants. Amniotic fluid DOPEG levels were found to be the most discriminative. As amniotic fluid catecholamines are predominantly of fetal origin, these findings suggest that an increase in adrenergic activity and a decrease in dopaminergic activity occur in intrauterine growth retardation as a response to chronic stress. PMID- 7315889 TI - Monocyte insulin binding studies in normal and diabetic pregnancies. AB - Monocyte insulin receptor binding was studied in six nonpregnant control patients and in 40 pregnant patients with varying degrees of carbohydrate tolerance. Competitive binding assays were performed to determine insulin binding to monocytes. Fasting insulin levels were determined. We obtained the following results: (1) When compared to values not associated with pregnancy, the number of insulin receptor sites per cell increases twofold (31,000 versus 16,300); (2) Class A diabetic patients have higher numbers of receptor sites than normal pregnant patients (80,800 versus 31,000; (3) untreated Class B diabetic patients have markedly reduced receptor sites (4,575) and bind less insulin at physiologic concentrations (p less than 0.01); (4) insulin therapy of previously untreated Class B diabetic patients restored the number of receptor sites to normal pregnant levels (29,700); and (5) Classes C and D diabetic patients had similar numbers of receptor sites (30,140) and showed a greater receptor affinity for insulin than pregnant control subjects (p less than 0.01). PMID- 7315890 TI - The effects of terbutaline on acid base, serum electrolytes, and glucose homeostasis during the management of preterm labor. AB - Terbutaline (T) is a beta-adrenergic compound which is commonly employed as a tocolytic agent in preterm labor. We evaluated the metabolic and biophysical consequences of infusion of T into six pregnant women in preterm labor. Our results showed that the infusion of T led to the development of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlactacidemia, hypokalemia, a fall in serum colloid osmotic pressure and pH, a rise in maternal heart rate, and a fall in maternal blood pressure. These changes in electrolytes in the serum occurred in the absence of any significant alterations in their urinary excretion. These data suggest that the infusion of T causes hyperglycemia that results in a rise in serum insulin and lactate, which, in turn, leads to a fall in serum potassium, ionized calcium, and pH. Volume expansion as manifested by a fall in colloid osmotic pressure may contribute to the reduction in the levels of ionized and total calcium. Thus, careful monitoring of electrolytes and hydration status is warranted when beta mimetic agents are used, specifically T, for tocolytic therapy. PMID- 7315891 TI - Maternal smoking and elevation of catecholamines and metabolites in the amniotic fluid. AB - To assess the effect of maternal smoking on fetal adrenergic activity, simultaneous measurements in amniotic fluid of the parent catecholamines, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E), as well as the specific intraneuronal deaminated metabolites of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and of NE, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG), were made by radioenzymatic assay. In the second trimester, a significant (p less than 0.002) and selective elevation of the mean DOPEG concentration was noted in the amniotic fluid of smokers (N = 8) as compared to nonsmokers (N = 36). In the third trimester, significant elevations were found in the mean amniotic fluid concentration of E (p less than 0.0002) and NE (p less than 0.0005), as well as DOPEG (p less than 0.0002), of smokers (n = 12) when compared to nonsmokers (N = 12). There were no significant differences in amniotic fluid concentrations of DA and its deaminated metabolite DOPAC. Since compartmentalization of catecholamines exist between the maternal and fetal circulations, the elevated levels of NE, E, and DOPEG in the amniotic fluid of smokers suggests fetal adrenergic activation as a result of fetal hypoxia and/or by a direct effect of nicotine on the fetal adrenergic system. PMID- 7315892 TI - Cancers of the breast and female genital system: search for recessive genetic factors through analysis of human isolate. AB - To investigate the importance of recessive genes in female breast and genital cancers, we have conducted investigations in the Hutterites, a highly inbred genetic isolate in North America. The homogeneous life style of this group, which lives on communal farms, also facilitates distinction between shared environmental and genetic factors. We ascertained 177 cases of cancer (all organ systems) through Canadian and United States cancer registries, field trips, and searches of death certificates. Breast cancer and endometrial cancer mortalities were those expected for 1970 United States whites, but no deaths due to squamous cervical carcinoma were ascertained in this monogamous population. Inbreeding coefficients (F) for cases were higher than means for matched controls for each of the four cases of breast cancers that occurred in younger women (less than 45 years of age), for four of five cases of endometrial cancer, and for the single cases of uterine leiomyosarcoma, dysgerminoma, and ovarian adenocarcinoma. By contrast, in cases of breast cancer that occurred in women 45 years of age or older, only four of 15 F's were above those for controls. There is a significant difference between the two breast cancer age groups with respect to the likelihood that the F of cases was higher than the F of controls (chi 2 = 6.99, p less than 0.01). However, grouping cases by type, none of the F distributions were significantly different from those of their matched controls. These preliminary genetic investigations thus conform certain concepts concerning breast and female genital cancer but also suggest the desirability of further studies to elucidate the role of genetic factors in premenopausal breast cancer. PMID- 7315893 TI - Antepartum fetal surveillance in diabetic pregnant patients. AB - The antepartum fetal surveillance (biochemical and biophysical) data of 140 pregnant diabetic patients were evaluated. We determined how often intervention occurred on the basis of abnormal tests and correlated each test with neonatal outcome. Fifteen of the total 140 patients had their pregnancies terminated because of abnormal biochemical and/or biophysical tests. An abnormal estriol (E3) value preceded the abnormal antepartum fetal heart rate testing in eight of 10 instances. We conclude that the major benefit of the antepartum fetal surveillance techniques, in this group of patients and under the present scheme, is in determining when not to intervene, thus allowing safe prolongation of pregnancy. PMID- 7315894 TI - The nonstress test: how long is enough? AB - Longer observation intervals might increase the positive predictive value of a nonreactive nonstress test (NST). One thousand one hundred and one NSTs were performed on 343 fetuses in 333 high-risk hospitalized patients. Recordings were terminated when five fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations with movement occurred in any 20-minute period or after 120 minutes. The conclusion drawn was that the positive predictive value for morbidity and mortality of a nonreactive NST was 85.7% if conducted over 120 minutes, and that the negative predictive value for a reactive NST was 98.5%. A reactive NST was predictive of good fetal health regardless of the length of observation time necessary to demonstrate reactivity up to 120 minutes. PMID- 7315895 TI - Exercise-associated amenorrhea: a distinct entity? PMID- 7315896 TI - Oxytocin and the initiation of human parturition. II. Stimulation of prostaglandin production in human decidua by oxytocin. AB - In the present study we have investigated the effect of oxytocin on the production of prostaglandins E and F (PGE and PGF) by human decidua, amnion, and myometrium in vitro. We found that oxytocin causes a significant increase in the production of both PGE and PGF in the decidua and in the production of PGE in the amnion. In the myometrium the stimulatory effect of oxytocin on PGF production was small and not statistically significant, and PGE production was not affected at all. On the basis of these results, we propose that oxytocin provides the stimulus for the accelerated prostaglandin production in decidua and fetal membranes at the onset of labor. Since oxytocin levels rise in the fetal circulation at this time, the oxytocin stimulus may be of fetal origin as well as of maternal origin. PMID- 7315897 TI - Renal infection and pregnancy outcome. AB - To evaluate the impact of renal infection on pregnancy outcome, we studied a group of pregnant women with asymptomatic renal bacteriuria and another group who had acute pyelonephritis. In 248 women with asymptomatic bacteriuria, infection was localized by the antibody-coated bacteria method. These women were prospectively matched with abacteriuric control subjects and we found no adverse effects of treated renal or bladder infection. Specifically, the number of women with hypertension and anemia in each group was similar, and infants born to these women were comparable regarding perinatal mortality, mean gestational age, and birth weight, as well as indices of maturity. A total of 487 women with acute pyelonephritis were evaluated in a case-control study and observations of the correlation of maternal anemia and pyelonephritis were confirmed. Women with antepartum infection had no increased adverse perinatal outcome; however, in some women with intrapartum infection, pyelonephritis appeared to have initiated premature labor. We concluded that treated renal infection, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, does not significantly modify pregnancy outcome. PMID- 7315898 TI - The effects of bupivacaine and chloroprocaine as local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia of fetal heart rate monitoring parameters. AB - The effects of saline-induced pressure-volume changes in the epidural space, and bupivacaine and chloroprocaine as local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia, on various fetal heart rate monitor parameters were investigated in 34 low-risk women. Epidural space pressure-volume changes, bupivacaine, and chloroprocaine had no effect on the incidence of pathologic periodic fetal heart rate changes, the level of the baseline fetal heart rate, or the level of uterine activity units. Epidural space pressure-volume changes and chloroprocaine did not affect fetal heart rate variability. The use of bupivacaine was associated with a significant increase in fetal heart rate variability PMID- 7315899 TI - Continuous transcutaneous oxygen monitoring in fetal surveillance during labor. AB - Continuous transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) monitoring is a noninvasive technique for recording changes in central oxygenation. PtcO2 monitoring has been for some years a routine method in neonatal and adult intensive care. The technique is a potential tool in fetal surveillance during labor. Some recently published studies which have been critical of the use of PtcO2 monitoring in the delivery room reveal a lack of thorough understanding of the limitations of the technique. From the author's experience with the technique, it is obvious that, when the PtcO2 electrode is attached according to recommendations and when the monitoring situation fulfills certain criteria, PtcO2 reliably reflects changes in the fetal oxygenation during labor and may be used for the diagnosis of true hypoxemia. PtcO2 monitoring does not replace any other available routine monitoring for fetal surveillance, but when the technique is refined, it may become an additional means of diagnosing fetal jeopardy. As a research parameter, PtcO2 monitoring has already contributed to a more diversified understanding of the process of fetal asphyxia. PMID- 7315900 TI - Diabetic nephropathy and perinatal outcome. AB - We studied the effect of diabetic nephropathy on the course of pregnancy, perinatal outcome, and infant development and determined the influence of pregnancy on maternal hypertension and renal function. Maternal proteinuria usually increased during pregnancy (greater than 3 gm/24 hours in 69%), and hypertension was present by the third trimester in 73%. The degree of proteinuria correlated with diastolic pressure and creatinine clearance. After pregnancy, proteinuria declined in 65% of the mothers, hypertension was absent in 43.5%, and the expected rate of fall in creatinine clearance was not accelerated. Among 35 patients, abortion occurred spontaneously or was performed electively in 25.7%, and 71% of the remainder underwent delivery before 37 weeks. Birth weight was related to maternal blood pressure and creatinine clearance. Neonatal morbidity was common, but the perinatal survival rate was 89%. Infants seen at follow-up without congenital anomalies had normal development at 8 to 36 months of age. We concluded that perinatal outcome has significantly improved for diabetic women with nephropathy. PMID- 7315901 TI - Selection of patients for antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean sections. AB - We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of cefoxitin perioperative prophylaxis in 386 women having cesarean sections after labor or rupture of membranes. Private patients constituted 70% of subjects. Cefoxitin was chosen for its low toxicity and its broad spectrum against common obstetric pathogens including Bacteroides fragilis. Cefoxitin-treated women received 2 mg of drug intravenously at umbilical cord clamping and at 6 and 12 hours after surgery. Demographic and obstetric variables did not differ between the 190 placebo-treated women and the 196 cefoxitin-treated women. The morbidity rate from infection was significantly reduced by cefoxitin prophylaxis. Seven factors were significantly correlated with increased risk of infection after cesarean section: maternal age, socioeconomic status, race, gestational age, duration of internal fetal monitoring, use of intrauterine pressure catheter, and obesity. Cefoxitin prophylaxis resulted in significant decreases in infection incidence in women with one, two, and three risk factors, respectively, but the reduction was not significant in women with no risk factors. Length of hospital stay was not significantly reduced by cefoxitin prophylaxis but antibiotic use was decreased 24%. PMID- 7315902 TI - Comparison of ultrasound femur length and biparietal diameter in late pregnancy. AB - A linear relationship between growth of fetal femur length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) after 22 weeks' gestation is described. The normal ratio of femur length to BPD (FL/BPD ratio) was found to be 79 +/- 8%. Effective uses of the FL/BPD ratio include its use as a quality control check on femur length and BPD measurements and its use to diagnose short-limbed dwarfism, hydrocephalus, and microcephaly. Pregnancy dating by means of BPD can now be cross checked by use of femur measurements and new observations on normal and abnormal fetal growth will now be possible. PMID- 7315903 TI - Comparative risk of death from induced abortion at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation performed with local versus general anesthesia. AB - Although complications of anesthesia are now the leading cause of death from abortion at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation, the comparative risk of death from abortions performed with local versus general anesthesia is unknown. To estimate this risk for both anesthesia-related and nonanesthesia-related legal abortion deaths at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation, we used 1972-1977 data from the Center for Disease Control and the Alan Guttmacher Institute. When adjusted for preexisting disease and concurrent sterilization, the death-to-case rate for abortions at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation associated with general anesthesia was 0.37/100,000 abortions, and the rate with local anesthesia was 0.15/100,000. For nonanesthesia-related deaths, the comparable adjusted rates were 0.49 and 0.28, respectively. Use of general anesthesia is associated with a twofold to fourfold increased risk of death from abortion at less than or equal to 12 weeks' gestation. PMID- 7315904 TI - Induced abortion: a risk factor for placenta previa. AB - A threefold increase in the incidence of placenta previa, from one in 318 deliveries (0.3%) in 1972-1974 to one in 109 deliveries (0.9%) in the twelve month period ending June 30, 1980, was noted at Vanderbilt University Hospital. Two large groups of patients not present in 1972-1974 were found to be responsible for this increased incidence of placenta previa: one-way maternal transports and women who had had induced first trimester abortions. The frequency of maternal transports having placenta previa was 3.3% (p less than 0.0001), and the frequency of placenta previa in women after an induced first trimester abortion was 3.8% (p less than 0.0001). When correction for maternal transports was made, the endogenous induced first trimester abortion population had a frequency of placenta previa of 2.1% (p less than 0.004), whereas the remainder of the endogenous population had an incidence of placenta previa similar to that found in the years 1972-1974. Induced first trimester abortion is seen as a significant factor predisposing to placenta previa. PMID- 7315905 TI - Maternal blood pressure and fetal growth. AB - Eleven thousand eighty-two term, singleton pregnancies were analyzed for clues to how different levels of maternal blood pressure affect fetal growth. Birth weights progressively increased with increasing pressures until the hypertensive range was reached when maternal edema and proteinuria were absent. Pressure associated increases in fetal growth were even more rapid when mothers were edematous, and slower when 2+ or greater proteinuria was present. Birth weights leveled off or decreased when pressures reached the hypertensive range. The pressure threshold at which growth slowed increased from diastolic 75 mm Hg in the lowest maternal pregnancy weight gain category to nearly 100 mm Hg in the highest weight gain category. Decreases in birth weight associated with hypertension were most severe when mothers were thin and had low pregnancy weight gains. Diuretics reduced birth weights in low maternal weight gain pregnancies but not in high weight gain ones. PMID- 7315906 TI - Real-time ultrasound observation of breathing and movements in the fetal lamb. AB - In seven pregnant ewes with catheters chronically implanted in the fetus, real time ultrasound observations of fetal breathing and body movements were correlated with direct measurements of fetal arterial and tracheal pressures, heart rate, and intrauterine pressure. There was excellent correlation between the ultrasound record of fetal breathing and recordings of intratracheal pressure changes even when breath amplitude was low or frequently was high. Fetal body movements (stretches, rolls, kicks) were observed during both breathing and nonbreathing periods; vigorous movements were accompanied by rapid deflections of the amniotic and tracheal pressure traces. Movement was frequently accompanied by transient increases or decreases in heart rate. The results indicate that real time ultrasound is an accurate method of observation of fetal movement in pregnant sheep and is particularly valuable when combined with direct measurements of fetal physiologic parameters. PMID- 7315907 TI - Long-term results following fixation of the vagina on the sacrospinal ligament by the vaginal route (vaginaefixatio sacrospinalis vaginalis). AB - Vaginaefixatio sacrospinalis vaginalis is an operative procedure whereby the vaginal stump is affixed to the sacrospinal ligament of one side of the vaginal route. Intercourse is not inhibited by this operative method. This technique was performed on 81 patients, starting in 1959, with a follow-up period of up to 10 years. In 78 cases the indication for operation was a true vaginal vault prolapse following hysterectomy; in three cases it was a prolapse of the uterus and the vagina because of complete incompetence of the visceral fascia of the pelvis. The vaginal vault prolapse was alleviated by the colpopexy technique in all patients. However, coexisting cystocele, rectocele, and enterocele and related incontinence remained in a few instances. PMID- 7315908 TI - Effects of a progesterone-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device on endometrial blood vessels: a morphometric study. AB - The concentration of microscopically detectable blood vessels was significantly lower in endometrium exposed to progesterone-releasing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) than in control endometrium (mean vessel density 2.39 and 3.92, respectively). The percentage of vessels with defects was significantly higher in IUD samples (35.0%) than in control samples (13.4%). There was no significant difference in hemostatic response to vessel injury between the IUD and control samples. Although they were more defective than in controls, the blood vessels of progesterone IUD-exposed endometrium were far fewer in number, which may account for significantly less uterine blood loss in the users of these devices. In addition, the progesterone IUDs do not appear to inhibit hemostasis in the endometrium so that blood loss from injured vessels may be minimized. PMID- 7315909 TI - Growth of the ultrasound fetal femur length during normal pregnancy. Part I. AB - The growth of the ultrasound fetal femur length during normal pregnancy is presented. A total of 1,016 measurements of the fetal femur length from 14 weeks' gestation through term were taken. The growth of the fetal femur describes an asymptotic curve similar to the growth of the biparietal diameter with comparable limits of 2 SD. From the serial measurements performed, the growth rate of the femur has also been calculated. This begins at 3.15 mm/wk and slowly decreases to 1.55 mm/wk toward 40 weeks' gestation. Femur measurements provide the first reproducible determinations of "length" of the fetus to be measured by ultrasound throughout pregnancy. PMID- 7315910 TI - Unilateral tubal quadruplet pregnancy. PMID- 7315911 TI - Malignant ascites associated with advanced gynecologic neoplastic disease. PMID- 7315912 TI - Enzymes for epinephrine synthesis and metabolism in the myometrium, endometrium, red blood cells, and plasma of pregnant human subjects. AB - The enzyme phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT) converts norepinephrine (NE) to epinephrine (E), and cathechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) both metabolize NE and E. We were able to measure the activity of these enzymes in myometrial and endometrial samples obtained from 27 pregnant women between 32 and 40 weeks' gestation at the time of cesarean section. In addition, these enzymes were measured in red blood cells and plasma obtained from 45 normal pregnancies between 10 and 40 weeks' gestation. PNMT activity was significantly higher in myometrium than in endometrium. During labor myometrial and red blood cell PNMT activity is significantly lower than in specimens from patients at term not in labor, while myometrial PNMT activity is significantly elevated in patients with dystocia. Under these conditions no significant alterations in myometrial, red blood cell, or plasma COMT or myometrial MAO activities were observed. This study identifies for the first time the presence of PNMT in myometrium, endometrium, and red blood cells and provides the necessary step for the conversion of NE to E, a concept previously limited to the adrenal bland, brain, and heart. This could provide an important physiologic mechanism for the control of uterine activity during pregnancy and parturition. PMID- 7315914 TI - Placental clearance rate of maternal plasma androstenedione through placental estradiol formation: an indirect method of assessing uteroplacental blood flow. AB - The metabolism of androstenedione (A) by the placenta in late pregnancy and the early puerperium was studied. The metabolic clearance rate of A (MCR-A) was increased in pregnant women, 2,825 +/- 207 L/24 hr (mean +/- SEM), compared to 2,020 +/- 140 L/24 hr in nonpregnant women of similar body weight. The immediate puerperal MCR-A was 2,538 +/- 50 L/24 hr. Therefore, approximately 10% of maternal plasma A was cleared by the placenta. In the latter half of pregnancy, the extent of conversion of maternal plasma A through estradiol formation, (rho)AE2, was increased, whereas in the immediate puerperium it was normal, 0.018. Moreover, 90% of aromatase activity was attributed to the placenta in late pregnancy. From these data, we computed that the placental clearance rate of A through estradiol (PCAE2) from whole blood was 497 +/- 41 ml/min in women with a single fetus and 691 +/- 102 ml/min in women with twin fetuses. Thus, it appears that the PCAE2 is a sensitive index of maternal-placental perfusion. PMID- 7315915 TI - Pelvic exenteration for vulvovaginal carcinoma. AB - Between 1964 and 1978, 16 pelvic exenterations were performed for advanced and recurrent vulvovaginal carcinoma. Eight patients had Stage III carcinoma and four had recurrent vulvar carcinoma. Ten patients had involvement of the anus/sphincter, and two had involvement of the proximal half of the urethra. There were four patients with vaginal carcinoma. Two patients with recurrent vaginal carcinoma had bladder/urethral involvement; one patient each with primary vaginal carcinoma had rectovaginal and vesicovaginal septal disease. Seven patients are alive and free of disease--six for more than 5 years and one for 4 years and 4 months. Three patients died, free of disease, one each of cerebrovascular accident, traumatic subdural hematoma, and pulmonary embolus. One patient died on the ninth postoperative day of aspiration pneumonitis. The absolute 5-year survival rate is 54%. PMID- 7315913 TI - Reproductive and gynecologic surgical experience in diethylstilbestrol-exposed daughters. AB - Information on reproductive history, gynecologic operations, and examinations was analyzed for 338 diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed and 298 unexposed women whose mothers participated in an evaluation of DES use in pregnancy 28 years ago. A history of infrequent menses (less often than every 36 days) was reported more commonly by the exposed women (32%) than by the unexposed women (15%) and the mean duration of menstrual flow was also less. A greater number of exposed women than unexposed women experienced primary infertility (53 versus 19). The reasons for these differences are not currently known. Comparison of the outcomes of first pregnancies showed a higher proportion of premature births, spontaneous abortions, and ectopic pregnancies in the exposed women (P less than 0.001). The difference in the occurrence of ectopic pregnancies was statistically significant (8 versus 0; P less than 0.005). An adverse pregnancy outcome was more likely in DES-exposed women with cervicovaginal ridges. However, when the outcome of all pregnancies were considered, 81% of the exposed women had at least one living child. More exposed women than unexposed women had gynecologic surgical procedures, which may, in part, be due to the increased medical surveillance of the exposed group. The spectrum of diseases at operation in both groups was similar. Adnexal masses and pelvic inflammatory disease were more commonly reported among the exposed women while the occurrence of endometriosis in both groups was similar. For the exposed women who had been examined at the Chicago Lying-In Hospital over a 4-year period, epithelial changes in the vagina had disappeared in 32% and cervicovaginal ridges had disappeared in 57%. PMID- 7315916 TI - A review of perinatal mortality in Colorado, 1971 to 1978, and its relationship to the regionalization of perinatal services. AB - Vital records data (1971 to 1978) were used to assess the change in neonatal and fetal mortality in Colorado in relationship to the regionalization of perinatal health care within the state. There has been a decrease in neonatal mortality rate from 13.4 to 6.9 during a period of time when there was a minimal decrease in the incidence of low-birth weight infants. The improved neonatal mortality has been associated with a shift in the frequency of birth of very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants to hospitals with level II and III perinatal services and relatively greater survival rates of VLBW infants born in these hospitals as compared to those born in level I hospitals. There was no decrease in fetal mortality in the same period of time. These date suggest that outreach education in perinatal medicine should now emphasize current knowledge and methods for reducing antepartum deaths. PMID- 7315918 TI - Infectious complications of cervical cerclage. AB - A study of 115 gravid patients who required cervical cerclage indicated that the optimum time to perform the surgical procedure was between the fourteenth and eighteenth weeks. If the operation is delayed until later in the second trimester, the incidence of chorioamnionitis is increased 2.6-fold, and premature rupture of the membranes prior to the thirty-second week of gestation is trebled. Amniocentesis performed in nine patients with chorioamnionitis and intact membranes after cerclage demonstrated the polymicrobial nature of the amniotic fluid infection. The isolation of such organisms at Bacteroides bivius, Eubacterium lentum, and Staphylococcus epidermidis indicates their potential importance in chorioamnionitis. Early recourse to amniocentesis is recommended when chorioamnionitis is suspected, and, moreover, prophylactic antibiotics should be used when cerclage is performed after the eighteenth week of pregnancy. PMID- 7315917 TI - Long-term effects of betamethasone on fetal development. AB - In previous studies, we noted that treatment of pregnant rhesus monkeys with betamethasone resulted in a marked increase in fetal lung distensibility. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether these changes persisted during subsequent in utero development. Pregnant rhesus monkeys were treated with 2 mg of betamethasone intramuscularly from day 120 to day 133 and underwent delivery by cesarean section one month later. The treated fetuses were found to have smaller lungs (-31%; p less than 0.005), and lower alveolar stability (-14%; p less than 0.025) than the control fetuses. Additional findings included smaller weights for the brain (p less than 0.01), liver, pancreas, and heart (p less than 0.05). Smaller adrenal (p less than 0.025) and larger pituitary weights (p less than 0.05) and lower plasma corticoid concentrations (p less than 0.001) indicated long-standing adrenal insufficiency in the treated fetuses. These persistent sequelae caution the indiscriminate and prolonged use of these potent glucocorticoids during pregnancy. PMID- 7315919 TI - Obstetrics-gynecology: a time for change. Presidential address. PMID- 7315920 TI - Prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have suggested that measurement of methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate (MUGB) reactive proteases in midtrimester amniotic fluid is potentially of value for the intrauterine detection of cystic fibrosis. Thirty-nine pregnancies of obligate heterozygotes of cystic fibrosis and 12 cases where one parent has a sib with cystic fibrosis have been previously monitored by means of quantitative and qualitative measurements of MUGB in amniotic fluid. In all but one case the diagnosis was accurately ascertained in the midtrimester and confirmed after delivery. The measurement of MUGB reactivity in midtrimester amniotic fluid by three different procedures--quantitative analysis, polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing, and column filtration--appears to provide a practical and reliable approach for the intrauterine detection of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 7315921 TI - Fetal acceleration test. AB - Five hundred thirty-one fetal acceleration tests were performed on 112 normal subjects at various gestational ages ranging from 22 and 41 weeks. Analysis of the results revealed that the frequency of nonreactive tests was directly related to gestational age, ranging from 56% in the 22- to 25-week group to 6% in the 38- to 41-week group. During the same period 919 fetal acceleration tests were performed on 339 high-risk subjects. When these were divided into groups by gestational age, the frequency of nonreactive tests did not differ significantly from that in the normal group of subjects. These dats suggest three possible conclusions: (1) that the high frequency of false positive results does not justify the performance of utilization of such tests before 30 weeks' gestational age; (2) that nonreactivity is probably a function of gestational age rather than an indication of fetal jeopardy; (3) that the frequency of "false positive" tests among the normal population may invalidate reliance on such tests for management of subjects in a high-risk category. PMID- 7315923 TI - Gonadal and statural determinants on the X chromosome and their relationship to in vitro studies showing prolonged cell cycles in 45,X; 46,X,del(X)(p11); 46,X,del(X)(q13); and 46,X,del(X)(q22) fibroblasts. AB - Correlation of clinical features with cytogenetic abnormalities for individuals showing deletions of the X short arm (Xp) or the X long arm (Xq) indicate the following: (1) both Xp and Xq are necessary to assure normal ovarian development, although (2) persisting ovarian function is not infrequently associated with either (del(X)(p11) or del(Xq)(13,21,22, or 24). (3) Ovarian determinants on Xp are localized to region Xp11, but determinants on Xq cannot be precisely localized. (4) Both Xp and Xq contain statural determinants, the former localized to region Xp21 leads to Xpter. Both cell generation time and phases of the cell cycle were studied to test the hypothesis that the short stature, intrauterine growth retardation, and high embryonic lethality of 45,X can be explained on the basis of intrinsic retardation of cell division (i.e., prolonged cell cycle). Cell generation times of four 45,X fibroblast lines were significantly longer than those of for normal diploid lines, a difference accounted for by a prolonged S phase. 46,X,del(X)(p11), 46,X,del(X)(q13), and 46,X,del(X)(q22) lines also showed increased cell generation times when compared to 46,XX lines. PMID- 7315922 TI - Prognostic significance of peritoneal cytology in patients with endometrial cancer and preliminary data concerning therapy with intraperitoneal radiopharmaceuticals. AB - One hundred sixty-seven patients with clinical State I carcinoma of the endometrium were treated primarily by operation consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, selective pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and cytologic testing of peritoneal washings. Twenty-six (15.5%) of the 167 patients had malignant cells identified on cytologic examinations of peritoneal washings. Recurrence developed in 10 of these 26 (34.0%) compared to 14/141 (9.9%) patients with negative cytologic testing. Of the 26 patients, 13 (50%) had disease outside of the uterus at operation and seven have died of disease (54%). Thirteen patients had malignant cells in the peritoneal washings but no disease outside of the uterus and six (46%) of these have died of disseminated intra-abdominal carcinomatosis. On the basis of the poor outcome of those patients who had malignant cells in the peritoneal washings in the 167 patients studied, a plan of treating such patients with intraperitoneal radioactive chromic phosphate suspension (P-32) was instituted. Twenty-three subsequent patients with clinical Stage I carcinoma of the endometrium were found to have malignant cells in the peritoneal fluid. All 23 received intra-abdominal P-32 suspension instillation after operation. There have been three recurrences with two patients dying of disease. All of the three recurrences appeared at sites distant from the abdominal cavity. Peritoneal cytologic examination appears to be an important factor in the prognosis of endometrial cancer and, when the washings are positive for malignant cells, intraperitoneal chronic phosphate therapy appears to be efficacious. PMID- 7315924 TI - The probability of fetal metabolic acidosis during labor in a population at risk as determined by clinical factors. AB - The clinical data derived from 2,772 pregnancies managed in an intrapartum intensive care unit have been analyzed to establish which criteria will indicate in a more definite manner the probability that fetal metabolic acidosis will occur during labor and delivery. All antepartum and intrapartum clinical factors indicate a pregnancy and fetus with an increased probability of fetal metabolic acidosis. However, there is a remarkably consistent relationship between decreasing fetal weight in each week of gestational age and in increasing probability of fetal metabolic acidosis that will permit the magnitude of the risk to be determined with greater precision. The following clinical guidelines are proposed: (1) Current antepartum and intrapartum risk factors are appropriate for the selection of patients for intrapartum intensive care. (2) An accurate gestational age and an estimate of fetal weight within 200 gm will provide an indication of the probability of fetal metabolic acidosis in the individual fetus ranging from 15% to 50%. (3) The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid increases the probability of metabolic acidosis as defined by fetal weight in relation to gestational age. PMID- 7315925 TI - Neuropathology in the chronic fetal lamb preparation: structure-function correlates under different environmental conditions. AB - In this study we examined the relationship between fetal metabolism, cardiovascular function, brain function, and eventual neuropathological outcome in the last third of gestation in the chronic fetal lamb preparation under a variety of environmental conditions. We concluded that the progressive hypoxia and metabolic acidosis secondary to acute placental insufficiency result in cerebral damage and functional deficit. Growth retardation and its attendant chronic hypoxemia, secondary to chronic placental insufficiency, do not have these results. However, intermittent interference with the umbilical circulation is associated with both functional and structural evidence of cerebral damage without systemic metabolic abnormality. The experimental, physiologic, and clinical implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 7315926 TI - Fellow eyes of eyes with macular holes. AB - We studied the fellow eyes of eyes with macular holes by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and central visual field testing. Eight of 37 fellow eyes (22%) observed for a minimum of 36 months developed macular holes. Fellow eyes initially classified as normal developed fewer macular holes than fellow eyes with initial pigment epithelial defects or cystic formation. PMID- 7315927 TI - A fluorescein angiographic study of cystoid macular edema. AB - We performed a prospective fluorescein angiographic study on 66 patients who had undergone extracapsular cataract extractions with implantation of a Shearing posterior chamber intraocular lens. A primary posterior capsulotomy was performed in every case. The eyes were studied 11 to 23 months postoperatively. The incidence of cystoid macular edema (3%) was lower than that found in three series of cataract extractions previously reported. Extracapsular cataract extraction with either (1) a Shearing posterior chamber intraocular lens and a primary posterior capsulotomy or (2) a Binkhorst intraocular lens and an intact posterior capsule produces a lower rate of cystoid macular edema than does intracapsular cataract extraction either with a Binkhorst intraocular lens or without an intraocular lens. There was no significant difference in the incidence of cystoid macular edema in the two extracapsular series, indicating that preservation of an intact posterior capsule was not a significant factor. PMID- 7315928 TI - Intraocular lenses, axial length, and retinal detachment. AB - A large series of patients with intraocular lens implants had an overall 0.98% incidence of retinal detachment (eight detachments in 819 eyes). Within this group, patients with axial lengths of more than 25 mm had a statistically significantly higher incidence of retinal detachment (P = .054). PMID- 7315929 TI - A histopathologic study of the Choyce VIII intraocular lens. AB - We performed a postmortem ocular examination on a 52-year-old man who had had Choyce VIII intraocular lenses implanted in both eyes. Visual acuity with both lenses was 6/6 (20/20). There were no clinical complications before the patient's death. Marked stretching of the chamber angle occurred at all points of fixation, with ultimate loop fixation into the substance of the ciliary body and, in some instances, erosion close to the greater arterial circle of the ciliary body. Where iris tucking had occurred, the iris tucked over the foot of the lens was extremely thin with the foot and the tucked iris in the pars ciliaris region. PMID- 7315930 TI - Separate and combined effects of timolol maleate and acetazolamide in open-angle glaucoma. AB - We compared the intraocular pressure-decreasing effect of timolol maleate alone, acetazolamide alone, and combined timolol and acetazolamide therapy in nine patients with bilateral chronic open-angle glaucoma. Timolol decreased intraocular pressure at least as effectively as acetazolamide. The two medications together were more effective than either medication alone, but they did not have a fully additive effect. Episcleral venous pressures and outflow facilities did not vary significantly with any of the three treatment regimens. PMID- 7315931 TI - Treatment of congenital glaucoma. AB - We reviewed 37 consecutive patients who had undergone at least one goniotomy, filtering surgery, and patching for amblyopia because of congenital glaucoma between 1969 and 1979. Of 32 eyes treated for uncomplicated congenital glaucoma, 25 (78%) achieved satisfactory control of intraocular pressure. Seven of the 12 eyes (58%) for which Snellen visual acuities could be obtained had visual acuities of 6/15 (20/50) or better. Of eight eyes treated for complicated congenital glaucoma, four (50%) achieved satisfactory control of intraocular pressure, but the visual acuities of these patients could not be tested. PMID- 7315932 TI - The conventional outflow resistances. AB - The concept of the conventional aqueous outflow pathway (through the trabecular meshwork and other components of the canal's inner wall, along Schlemm's canal to collector channels, and out of the eye through the collector channels) was modeled on tubes with leaky walls and a network of electrical resistances. Analysis of these models suggested experiments to test the models and to assess the magnitude of the resistance of portions of the pathway. We found that the well-known increase in outflow resistance with increased intraocular pressure was, in large measure, the result of blockage of the collector channels, probably by the canal's inner wall. A model of the trabecular meshwork predicted that tension on the scleral spur and trabecular mesh would cause the meshwork to arch over Schlemm's canal. We depressed the lens to generate such tension, and found that the resistance of the inner wall of the canal decreased. In one eye, lens depression also decreased resistance to flow in the collector channels and the canal of Schlemm and prompted the suggestion that when secretory inhibitors are used in glaucoma, cyclo-tonic agents should be used simultaneously to relieve canal collapse and blockage of collector channels by inner canal wall. PMID- 7315933 TI - Sympathetic ophthalmia. AB - A 29-year-old woman developed severe ocular manifestations of sympathetic ophthalmia on the day after enucleation of a blind, painful eye, and four weeks after a penetrating ocular injury. She was observed for one year with fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and electrophysiologic tests. Nystagmus, a rare systemic manifestation of sympathetic ophthalmia, was noted early in the course of her disease and was accompanied by vertigo, truncal ataxia, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Enucleation and intensive corticosteroid treatment resolved the process; however, she has experienced recurrences in the two-year follow-up period. PMID- 7315934 TI - Eosinophil granule major basic protein and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in human tears. AB - We measured the levels of major basic protein and Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in tears from patients with ventral keratoconjunctivitis or miscellaneous inflammatory or noninflammatory ocular conditions, and from normal subjects. Patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis had significantly increased levels of both proteins in their tears compared with the other subjects tested; levels of major basic protein seemed to correlate with the severity of the disease. The levels of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein paralleled those of major basic proteins. PMID- 7315935 TI - Epiphora after irradiation of medial eyelid tumors. AB - Thirteen patients had severe epiphora after undergoing radiation therapy for medially located basal cell epitheliomas. All 13 had obstructions of both upper and lower canalicular systems, usually in the lateral one-third. Twelve of the patients became symptom-free after dacryocystorhinostomy with the insertion of a Jones tube. The symptoms of one patient who had a medial obstruction were relieved after a canaliculodacryocystorhinostomy. PMID- 7315936 TI - Correction of anteriorly displaced medial canthus by tendon retropositioning. PMID- 7315937 TI - Atrophy of myelinated retinal nerve fibers after acute optic neuropathy. AB - A 45-year-old man with extensive myelinated retinal nerve fibers had an attack of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Serial fundus photographs documented the loss of myelin. Visual acuity in the affected eye decreased to 6/90 (20/300) and color perception was markedly reduced. The visual fields in the affected eye showed dense superior and inferior arcuate scotomas and central depression. These findings were unchanged nine months later, but the areas of myelinated nerve fibers had become smaller. PMID- 7315938 TI - Abnormal visual-evoked potentials from eyes with optic nerve head drusen. AB - We evaluated 38 eyes (29 patients) with unilateral or bilateral optic nerve head drusen by means of visual field testing (static, tangent screen, and Goldmann perimetry), nerve fiber layer characterization (using red-free fundus photography), and flash visual-evoked potential testing. We found that 27 of 36 (75%) of the eyes with drusen had abnormal visual fields, 36 of 38 (94.7%) had abnormal nerve fiber layers, and 35 of 36 (97.2%) had abnormal visual-evoked potentials. The degree of abnormality on any one test did not reliably predict the results of either of the other two tests; however, there appeared to be an association between the visual-evoked potential aberrations and the retinal nerve layer deficits. PMID- 7315939 TI - Simulating decreased visual acuity with a contact lens system. AB - We use a soft contact lens with a central depression into which a hard contact lens can be fitted to simulate conditions that cause decreased visual acuity. This "piggy-back" system can simulate central scotoma, various peripheral field defects, and opacities of the media. PMID- 7315940 TI - Chloramphenicol and aplastic anemia. PMID- 7315941 TI - Ocular component analysis by vergence contribution to the back vertex power of the anterior segment. AB - Refractive errors are essentially the expression of a dysfunction in a dynamic system of light vergences. It follows that the nature of the dysfunction can be studied by reference to the light vergences. However, the usual analysis deals with surface powers and their separations within the eye. These two dimensions do not express the actual functional conditions taking place within the optical system. Assessment of the optical elements and path lengths in terms of the actual vergence they produce does so. Hence, this paper presents a method using vergence to illustrate the value of such an assessment. PMID- 7315942 TI - Use of the Frostig Figure Ground in evaluation of adults with low vision. AB - The Frostig Figure Ground Test can be a valuable tool in the evaluation of adult low-vision patients. It is easily administered and can give valuable information about the patient's functioning. It provides an observable assessment of the individual sensory-perceptual capacities and has the further advantage of requiring the use of eye-hand coordination. Correlations of performance in this test with other data were analyzed for 79 low-vision patients. The test appears to provide some predictive information about the patient's reading performance, accounting for one-third of the variability of reading speed. PMID- 7315943 TI - A system matrix for astigmatic optical systems: II. Corrected systems including an astigmatic eye. AB - The 4 x 4 system matrix is applied to corrected astigmatic systems including a schematic eye in which each surface is astigmatic at a different axis. In addition to representing the eye, the 4 x 4 system generates 2 x 2 magnification matrices which describe the meridional magnifications that occur in the presence of astigmatism including the magnifications that occur with bitoric eikonic correcting lenses, or other meridional magnifying systems. PMID- 7315944 TI - Inter- and intrareferrals within and between Ophthalmology and Optometry. AB - The general pattern of interprofessional referrals appears to be limited from ophthalmology to optometry, but substantial from optometry to ophthalmology. The intraprofessional referral rate of ophthalmology far exceeds that of optometry. A potential relationship between unused practice capacity and referral rates is suggested. Referral ethics is discussed. PMID- 7315945 TI - A simple interferometer for hard contact lenses. AB - A method is described for assessing the back surface of hard contact lenses using an interference technique. The application of the method to the measurement of the peripheral zones of some lens designs is described with measurement data for two aspheric designs. Examples of qualitative assessment of lens surfaces are included. The instrument employed is a low-power stereo-microscope, such as is common in contact lens practice. PMID- 7315946 TI - Base curve measurements of soft contact lenses. AB - Efforts to fit and duplicate soft contact lenses depend to a certain extent upon the practitioner's ability to determine the base curve (posterior apical radius) of the lenses accurately. In the study, three devices were used to measure the base curve of seven different manufacturers' soft lenses. Each manufacturer provided six to ten -3.00-D lenses in factory-sealed vials. Each vial was masked and coded so that measurements could be taken in a masked fashion. A different investigator used each of the different devices. Each investigator took 10 base curve measurements on each lens in a random fashion. The lens vials were not unmasked until the end of the study, at which time the data were analyzed and the results compared. Not only did we determine the reliability of the three devices, but we also tried to determine the reliability of the labeled posterior apical radius of the lenses. The Hydrovue Analyzer had the best reliability (sigma = +/- 0.09 mm), followed by the Neitz Softmeter (sigma = +/- 0.13) and the Rehder gauge (sigma = 0.30). With the latter two devices, the variability increased as lens center thickness decreased. Spin-cast lenses showed better lens label repeatability than lathe-cut lenses. PMID- 7315947 TI - Reliability of fixation disparity curves. AB - Fixation disparity curves were recorded in three normal subjects once per week over a period of 10 weeks. Results indicate that measurements of fixation disparity are reliable within limited ranges of forced convergence and forced divergence. Increases in the demand to maintain fusion lead to increases in observed variability of fixation disparity. It is suggested that variability of fixation disparity might be related to the ease with which the two eyes are used as a team. PMID- 7315948 TI - Endothelial--vascular smooth muscle cell interactions. Rous--Whipple Award Lecture. PMID- 7315949 TI - Medial changes in arterial spasm induced by L-norepinephrine. AB - In normal rats, the media of small arteries (0.4--0.2 mm in diameter) previously was shown to contain intracellular vacuoles, identified ultrastructurally as herniations of one smooth muscle cell into another. The hypothesis that intense vasoconstriction would increase the number of such vacuoles has been tested. In the media of the saphenous artery and its distal branch, vasoconstriction induced by L-norepinephrine produced many cell-to-cell hernias within 15 minutes. At 1 day their number was reduced to about 1/10 of the original number. By 7 days the vessel was almost restored to normal. Triple stimulation over 1 day induced more severe changes in the media. These findings suggest that smooth muscle cells are susceptible to damage in the course of their specific function. The experimental data are discussed in relation to medial changes observed in other instances of arterial spasm. Endothelial changes that developed in the same experimental model were described in a previous paper. PMID- 7315950 TI - Animal model of human disease. Chimpanzee carriers of hepatitis B virus. Chimpanzee hepatitis B carriers. PMID- 7315951 TI - Animal model of human disease. Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis in mice induced by treatment with butylated hydroxytoluene and oxygen. PMID- 7315952 TI - Evaluation of myocardial performance during wheelchair ergometer exercise. AB - Since a relatively high incidence of cardiovascular disease is associated with wheelchair confinement, exercise stress testing techniques should be utilized to assess myocardial performance of wheelchair-dependent individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to apply the techniques of impedance cardiography to graded wheelchair-type exercise. For this, 9 wheelchair-dependent volunteers completed a progressive intensity, discontinuous test on a wheelchair ergometer (WERG) at power outputs (PO) of 10, 20, and 30 watts. An impedance cardiogram (ZCG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and phonocardiogram (PCG) were recorded for 15 sec immediately following steady state exercise. Stroke volume (delta V) calculated from the ZCG was multiplied by steady state heart rate (HR) to estimate cardiac output (Q). The simultaneous recording of the ZCG, ECG, and PCG permitted calculation of systolic time intervals and impedance cardiography contractility indices. Values for delta V, HR, Q, arteriovenous oxygen difference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean systolic ejection rate, the first derivative of the impedance change, and the Heather Index increased with increments in PO. The Q-S2 interval, left ventricular ejection time (LVET), the pre-ejection period (PEP), the ratio of PEP to LVET, and the R-Z interval decreased with increases in exercise intensity. A linear relationship was found between Q and oxygen uptake which was similar to that reported by other investigators for arm exercise. These data indicate that impedance cardiography may be used in conjunction with electrocardiography and phonocardiography for the non-invasive assessment of myocardial performance during wheelchair exercise testing. PMID- 7315953 TI - Independently controlled EMG responses in treadmill locomotion by cats. AB - Cats were trained to walk and trot on a motor-driven treadmill such that mean kinematic timings were highly uniform. Evidence was sought that variations in electromyographic activity in individual muscles was due to separate sources of control. EMGs were recorded on magnetic tape from a knee extensor, vastus lateralis (VL), and a hip flexor, iliopsoas (IP). At the same time, the cat's movements were recorded on 16 mm cine film at 100 frames per sec. In accordance with previous reports, VL showed one long main burst during the stance (down) portion of the step cycle. However, there were two onset times. A late swing (foot up) component began a few msec before touchdown in every stride in every cat. In contrast, in some cats an earlier burst, that was not completely continuous with the main burst, began 50-100 msec before touchdown and was present in most but not all individual strides. In a few animals there was also an occasional burst in mid-swing. The stance burst itself was further subdivided into multiple peaks that presumably were at least partly reflexive responses to pressure from the belt. The flexor, IP, also showed multiple peaks in its long main burst and other activity whose presence varied from cat to cat. It was concluded that the independence of control for many EMG components during locomotion requires a behavioral analysis of reflexes and conditioned responses to determine the origin of each kind of activity. PMID- 7315954 TI - Effects of sleep-promoting factor from human urine on sleep cycle of cats. AB - Slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) were recorded in cats for 32 h a) under control conditions, b) following intraventricular infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and c) following infusions of sleep promoting factor S prepared from human urine (SPU). During the first 12 h after receiving artificial CSF, the cats slept 4.9 +/- 0.2 h in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and 1.4 +/- 0.1 h in REM. Similar values were obtained from the same cats under control conditions. After infusions of SPU, the duration of SWS in the same cats increased to an average of 6.9 +/- 0.5 h with no significant change in REM averaged over 12 h; a transient decrease of REM in the first 4 h was fully compensated in subsequent hours. The increased SWS induced by the sleep-promoting factor from human urine subsided after 12 h, and there was no compensatory increase in wakefulness during the subsequent 20 h. The normal sleep cycle was not affected. In cats, therefore, the primary effect of SPU is to increase normal SWS, with little effect on REM. PMID- 7315955 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in aged Japanese quail: dietary calcium and estrogen effects. AB - The influence of estrogen treatment (estradiol benzoate, 1 mg/kg daily for 5 days) on the in vitro renal metabolism of 25-[3H]hydroxyvitamin D3 has been studied in young adult (8-wk-old) and aged (108-wk-old) female and male Japanese quail maintained either on a normal calcium diet or on a low-calcium diet for 4 wk. It is concluded that senescence leads to reduced production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D2 [1,25(OH)2D3] in untreated birds of both sexes and under both dietary conditions. Nevertheless, the renal vitamin D-endocrine system in aged birds has the capacity, when stimulated under appropriate conditions (estradiol treated, calcium-deprived aged males), for operating at a very high production rate (315 +/- 21 pmol . min-1 . g kidney-1). The latter rate is not far below the maximal rate (393 +/- 25 pmol . min-1 . g kidney-1) observed in young adult birds that had been stimulated by calcium deprivation. PMID- 7315956 TI - Effects of arginine-free meals on ureagenesis in cats. AB - Cats given a single arginine-free meal have been reported to develop severe hyperammonemia, attributed to impaired function of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). We found that cats that developed hyperammonemia following an arginine free meal had low hepatic ornithine levels. However, the average sum of hepatic ornithine plus arginine plus citrulline rose, indicating that some ornithine synthesis via OAT took place, and hyperammonemia failed to occur in cats with higher hepatic ornithine levels. OAT activity and kinetic constants were comparable to values reported in the rat. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with ornithine caused only occasional and transient hyperornithinemia. Thus, OAT can function in the cat. The Ka of N-acetylglutamate (AGA) synthetase for arginine was 5 times higher in cats than in rats, but AGA content and citrullinogenesis by intact mitochondria were the same following arginine-free or arginine-containing meals. Other kinetic parameters of AGA synthetase and carbamoylphosphate synthetase were similar to values in the rat. We conclude that low levels of hepatic ornithine are probably responsible for making some cats susceptible to hyperammonemia following this stimulus. PMID- 7315957 TI - Starvation suppresses sympathoadrenal medullary response to cold exposure in rats. AB - The effect of 2 days (55 h) of starvation on the functional state of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and adrenal medulla in male rats was evaluated in both normal (24 degrees C) and cold (4 degrees C) environments. Fasting (24 degrees C) significantly decreased NE turnover in heart and spleen, and the concentration of plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Cold exposure in the fed animals significantly increased NE turnover in the heart and plasma E, but had no effect on plasma NE or spleen NE turnover compared to normal (no stress) conditions. Cardiac NE turnover was 50% less in fasted cold-stressed animals than in fed cold-stressed animals. Plasma E remained at low levels. Plasma concentration of free fatty acids was significantly elevated in the fasted state in both warm and cold environments. These results suggest that 2 days of starvation in adult male rats suppresses the activity of the SNS and adrenal medulla and interferes with the normal adrenergic response to cold stress. Moreover, E appears not to be essential for mobilization of fat stores for energy metabolism in the fasted state in either warm or moderately cold environments. PMID- 7315958 TI - Adaptation to prolonged starvation in the rat: curtailment of skeletal muscle proteolysis. AB - Previous studies have established that 16-wk-old nonobese and obese rats conserve body protein during prolonged starvation. To determine the basis for this, protein synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscle were evaluated in the isolated perfused hindquarters of these rats, in the fed state and when starved for 2, 5, 10, and 11 days. Rats aged 4 and 8 wk were used as a comparison. The results indicate that the response to starvation depends on several factors: the age of the rat, its degree of adiposity, and the duration of the fast. An early event in starvation was a decline in muscle protein synthesis. This occurred in all groups, albeit this reduction occurred more slowly in the older rats. A later response to starvation was an increase in muscle proteolysis. This occurred between 2 and 5 days in the 8-wk-old rats. In 16-wk-old rats it did not occur until between 5 and 10 days, and it was preceded by a period of decreased proteolysis. In 16-wk-old obese rats, a decrease in proteolysis persisted for upwards of 10 days and the secondary increase was not noted during the period of study. The data suggest that the ability of older and more obese rats to conserve body protein during starvation is due, in part, to a curtailment of muscle proteolysis. This adaptation seems to correlate with the availability of lipid fuels. PMID- 7315959 TI - Effect of furosemide on calcium and magnesium transport in the rat nephron. AB - Superficial tubules were perfused in vivo to determine the effect of intraluminal furosemide on electrolyte transport in the loop of Henle and distal tubule of the rat with special reference to calcium and magnesium reabsorption. in vivo perfusion of single tubules allowed us the opportunity to investigate separate electrolyte transfers with altering the corticomedullary concentration gradient within the kidney. Intraluminal furosemide (3 X 10(-6) and 3 X 10(-5) M) resulted in proportionately greater calcium and magnesium inhibition relative to sodium and chloride in Henle's loop. Furosemide had little effect on transport function within the perfused superficial distal tubule. Distal calcium and magnesium reabsorption was dependent on their respective deliveries to this segment. Parathyroid hormone increased fractional calcium and magnesium reabsorption in Henle's loop and the distal tubule in the presence of intraluminal furosemide. These results are consistent with a luminal effect of furosemide in the loop of Henle that inhibits calcium and magnesium transport to a greater degree than sodium chloride. Intraluminal ethacrynic acid (10(-4) M) or its cysteine complex had no effect on electrolyte transport in the perfused rat nephron. PMID- 7315960 TI - Comparison of three measures of proximal tubular reabsorption: lithium clearance, occlusion time, and micropuncture. AB - Fractional lithium clearance (CLi/CIn), transit time-occlusion time (e-TT/OT), and late proximal tubular fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio [1/(TF/P)In] collected by micropuncture were determined successively in the same rat during Amytal anesthesia. The rats were examined during hydropenia, after partial aortic constriction, or during saline diuresis. There was a linear relationship (r = 0.80) between CLi/CIn and e-TT/OT. The 1/(TF/P)In ratio correlated closely with both CLi/CIn (r = 0.88) and e-TT/OT (r = 0.91) when intraluminal pressure was maintained at the free-flow level during fluid collection. If fluid collection was guided merely by the position of an oil droplet and the luminal diameter, the 1/(TF/P)In data were not correlated with either CLi/CIn or e-TT/OT. Over a wide range of proximal absolute and fractional reabsorption rates the technically simpler lithium clearance and TT/OT methods may provide data on proximal fractional reabsorption that are as accurate and reliable as data obtained by pressure-controlled micropuncture collection. Micropuncture carried out without pressure control provides highly inaccurate data and is clearly inferior to the other methods. These results are consistent with the possibility that lithium is reabsorbed exclusively by the proximal tubules, 17-20% being reabsorbed by the pars recta. PMID- 7315961 TI - Amiloride inhibition of the Na+-H+ exchanger in renal microvillus membrane vesicles. AB - We examined the effect of amiloride on Na+-H+ exchange in rabbit renal cortical microvillus membrane vesicles. Amiloride inhibited both the uphill Na+ accumulation induced by imposition of a transmembrane Hin+ greater than Hout+ gradient and the uphill H+ efflux induced by imposition of a Naout+ greater than Nain+ gradient. The inhibitory effect of amiloride on Na+ influx was rapidly reversible and fully competitive (Ki 3.0 X 10(-5) M amiloride, KT 6.3 mM Na+). In addition, amiloride inhibited the efflux of Na+ from vesicles preloaded with Na+. However, the diuretic did not inhibit such other Na+-coupled transport processes as Na+-glucose ad Na+-alanine cotransport. These findings suggest that amiloride is a reversible, selective, competitive inhibitor for the Na+ site of the renal microvillus membrane Na+-H+ exchanger. Amiloride may, therefore, be useful as an experimental tool for investigating the role of Na+-H+ exchange in mediating proximal tubular acidification. PMID- 7315962 TI - Na+-dependent H+ efflux from proximal tubule: evidence for reversible Na+-H+ exchange. AB - Removal of Na+ or addition of ouabain inhibits HCO3(-) and Na+ absorption in rabbit proximal tubule, a finding suggestive of Na+-H+ coupling. However, inhibition of Na+ transport might decrease H+ secretion by reducing energy metabolism rather than by inhibiting Na+-H+ exchange directly. H+ disappearance from the luminal fluid, which depends on direction and magnitude of Na+ gradient, should be a function of cell Na+, independent of cellular metabolism. If cell Na+ is increased by ouabain, H+ disappearance should increase; when cell Na+ is reduced by Na+ removal, less H+ should level the lumen for a given pH difference. Superficial early proximal convoluted tubules were dissected from rabbit kidney and perfused rapidly in vitro with CO2(-) and HCO3(-)-free solutions (pH 6.45). The bath resembled perfusate except that the pH was 7.4 and contained 6 g/dl of albumin. H+ efflux was calculated from the difference in pH between perfused and collected fluid, flow rate, and buffer capacity of the perfusate. When 145 mM Na+ was present in perfusate and bath, H+ efflux was 5.3 +/- 0.4 pmol . cm-1 . s-1 and increased by 39 +/- 16% when ouabain was added to the bath. Replacement of Na+ by choline or Li+ caused a 44 +/- 7% decrease in H+ efflux. Removal of luminal organic solutes markedly reduced H+ efflux; however, it was still enhanced by addition of ouabain to the bath. Even in the absence of Na+ or luminal organic solutes, a substantial apparent H+ leak permeability exists. Addition of 10(-4) M amiloride to a 10 mM Na+ medium caused a 34 +/- 6% reduction in H+ efflux. The results indicate that H+ transport in the proximal tubule is mediated, at least in part, by a reversible Na+-H+ exchanger driven by the difference between H+ and Na+ gradients. PMID- 7315963 TI - Determination of chloride and bicarbonate permeabilities in proximal convoluted tubules. AB - In late proximal tubules volume reabsorption linked to passive ion flows relies on the existence of differing permeability coefficients to Cl- and HCO3(-) (PCl greater than PHCO3). We measured these permeability coefficients in late segments of rabbit superficial (SFPCT) and juxtamedullary (JMPCT) proximal convoluted tubules perfused in vitro. PHCO3 and P36Cl were determined in tubules bathed in rabbit serum and perfused with a serum ultrafiltrated titrated with H2SO4 to [HCO3(-)] of 4 mM. Active transport, transepithelial voltage, and HCO3(-) reabsorption were inhibited by cooling (21 degrees C) and 10(-4) M acetazolamide. P36Cl and PHCO3 were calculated from 36Cl disappearance from and total CO2 addition to the perfusate. P36Cl in SFPCT was twice that in JMPCT but PHCO3 was the same in both segments. P36Cl exceeded PHCO3 only in SFPCT. To exclude exchange diffusion from contributing to P36Cl, additional tubules were perfused with ultrafiltrate titrated with HCl.P36Cl and simultaneously measured PCl (lumen to-bath net chemical Cl- flux) were identical. We conclude: 1) SFPCT and JMPCT are heterogeneous with respect to Cl- permeability; 2) relative Cl--to-HCO3(-) permeabilities predict that anion gradients present in late portions of proximal tubules would support more volume reabsorption linked to passive ion flows in SF than in JMPCT; 3) no significant Cl- exchange diffusion exists in proximal tubules. PMID- 7315964 TI - Potassium secretion by cortical collecting tubule: relation to sodium absorption, luminal sodium concentration, and transepithelial voltage. AB - Sodium absorption and K secretion were measured in isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubules. To increase the range of transport rates some tubules were dissected from rabbit pretreated with DOcA. K secretin was unaffected by varying axial volume flow from 4 to 15 nl/min. K secretion was, however, correlated with transepithelial voltage and Na absorption. The Na:K transfer ratio was 1.35. In tubules dissected from normal rabbits, K secretion was almost eliminated by reducing Na concentration in the lumen to near 0 and was unaffected by varying luminal Na concentration from 30 to 145 mM. These data, together with other experimental results reported by several investigators, are consistent with a model for K secretion that places the rate-limiting step at the Na-K pump located on the basolateral membrane. The apical (luminal) membrane appears to be highly permeable to K. PMID- 7315965 TI - NaCl transport in mouse medullary thick ascending limbs. I. Functional nephron heterogeneity and ADH-stimulated NaCl cotransport. AB - We assessed the effects of antidiuretic hormone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogues on transepithelial voltage, Ve, and/or net chloride absorption in isolated mouse medullary (mTALH) and cortical (cTALH) thick ascending limbs of Henle; the passive NaCl permeability characteristics and electrical properties of the mTALH; and the effects of anion and cation substitutions and transport inhibitors on both basal and ADH-stimulated Ve and/or net chloride absorption in the mTALH. The data demonstrate that these two segments are functionally heterogeneous: ADH, at concentrations comparable to plasma levels seen in mammalian species during ordinary antidiuresis, and/or cAMP increase three- to fourfold the rate of NaCl absorption in the mTALH but not in the cTALH. The ion substitution and inhibitor data are consistent with the view that NaCl absorption in the mTALH depends on a secondary active transport process: NaCl entry across luminal membranes is a coupled process of indeterminate stoichiometry that is driven by the transmembrane electrochemical gradient for Na+, which is maintained by Na+-K+-ATPase. Finally, the data demonstrate that the mTALH is electrically leaky whether measured electrically, 11 omega . cm2, or isotopically, 50 omega . cm2, but essentially water impermeable; and that the mTALH is perm-selective for Na+ with respect to Cl-. The disparity between electrical resistances measured directly with respect to those calculated from tracer fluxes, together with the hybrid characteristics of mTALH junctional complexes (leaky to Na+ and Cl-; tight to water), may be reconciled by assuming that mTALH junctional complexes contain passive ion permeation pathways composed of narrow channels through which ions pass in single file fashion. PMID- 7315966 TI - NaCl transport in mouse medullary thick ascending limbs. II. ADH enhancement of transcellular NaCl cotransport; origin of transepithelial voltage. AB - We measured the relations between tubular perfusion rate and the rate of net NaCl transport in medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle (mTALH) either in the presence or absence of ADH. These data, together with the known Na+, Cl-, and water permeability characteristics of the mTALH, were used to calculate tau NaCl (mol . s-1 . cm-2), the rate of conservative Cl- transport from lumen through cells to interspaces; and CNaCl, the effective NaCl concentration in lateral intercellular spaces. The experimental results indicate that in these tubules the rate of net Cl- absorption increases monotonically with perfusion rate, and that at a given perfusion rate ADH increases the rate of net salt absorption. The theoretical calculations show clearly that the ADH-mediated increase in salt absorption depends on an increase in the rate of conservative transcellular Cl- transport. However, the present analytical data do not permit a distinction between wholly electroneutral apical membrane NaCl entry with respect to a process in which apical membrane Na+/Cl- entry has a stoichiometry less than unity, and electrogenic Na+ transport accounts for the remaining component of net Na+ absorption. Identification of the stoichiometry of the Na+/Cl- apical membrane entry step will depend, among other factors, on identifying explicitly the diffusion resistance of paracellular fluid and the mode of passive ion transport across junctional complexes. PMID- 7315967 TI - Gastrointestinal tract O2 uptake and regional blood flows during digestion in conscious newborn lambs. AB - We determined gastrointestinal tract O2 uptake, cardiac output, regional blood flows, and whole-body O2 uptake before and for 1-6 h after feeding in 10 chronically catheterized unanesthetized lambs (9-15 days of age). Total gastrointestinal blood flow (sum of blood flows to the stomach, small intestine, and colon, as calculated with the radioactive microsphere technique) increased 23% at 1 h postprandially. This increased flow at 1 h was due to a large increase in blood flow to the stomach, whereas blood flows to the small intestine and colon did not change significantly. By 2 h, stomach blood flow and thus total gastrointestinal blood flow had returned to fasting values. In contrast, total O2 uptake by the gastrointestinal tract organs (stomach, small intestine, and colon) increased 65% at 1 h, 51% at 2 h, and 28% at 3 h postprandially in association with increases in O2 extraction (O2 uptake/O2 delivery) of 41% at 1 h, 45% at 2 h, and 27% at 3 h. There were no digestion-related changes in whole-body O2 uptake or in cardiac output and its distribution to the brain, heart, kidney, liver (hepatic artery), and carcass. Our data indicate that postprandial increases in O2 demand by gastrointestinal tract organs of the newborn animal are met primarily by enhanced tissue O2 extraction, rather than by metabolic hyperemia, because the postprandial hyperemia observed in the neonate is of short duration and is confined to the stomach. PMID- 7315968 TI - Intrinsic factor-mediated intestinal absorption of cobalamin in the dog. AB - The purpose of these studies was to determine whether gastric intrinsic factor and the ileal intrinsic factor receptor participate in the process of cobalamin absorption in the dog. Physicochemical analysis of gastrointestinal fluids and mucosal extracts obtained 3-5 h after cyano[57Co]-cobalamin was fed to dogs demonstrated that 1) all cyano-[57Co]cobalamin became bound to proteins during intraluminal transport; and 2) mucosal cyano[57Co]cobalamin in the extract of the ileal mucosa was bound to intrinsic factor, to intrinsic factor coupled to receptor protein, and to proteins with properties similar to R protein and transcobalamin II. A significant fraction of the cyano[57Co]cobalamin in the mucosal extract was membrane bound and, upon solubilization with Triton X-100, was found to contain immunoreactive intrinsic factor that, however, could no longer couple to the isolated receptor. The formation of the complex of cobalamin with intrinsic factor and the receptor protein and the selective accumulation of cobalamin in the ileum indicate that the intrinsic factor-mediated mechanism for absorption of this vitamin is active in the dog. PMID- 7315969 TI - Effects of spironolactone and amiloride on corticosteroid-induced changes in colonic function. AB - Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid effects on colonic electrolyte absorption were compared by examining the alterations caused by spironolactone and amiloride in corticosteroid-treated rats. Animals were treated for 3 days with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA; 0.5 mg . 100 g-1 . day-1), methylprednisolone (MP; 3 or 0.5 mg . 100 g-1 . day), and spironolactone (14 mg . 100 g-1 . day-1 im) singly or in combination. On day 4, rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and perfused in vivo with Ringer-HCO3 solution. Both doses of MP and DOCA increased net colonic sodium and water absorption and mucosal Na-K-ATPase activity. Concurrent spironolactone treatment completely prevented these effects in DOCA-treated rats but had no effect in MP-treated rats. Untreated, MP-treated, and DOCA-treated animals were perfused with a Ringer-HCO3 solution containing 1 mM amiloride. Amiloride reduced net colonic sodium and water absorption, transmural potential difference, and potassium secretion in all rats by approximately 55%. These effects were almost immediate and completely reversible. These findings in the rat suggest that 1) different receptors mediate the colonic effects of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids and 2) these corticosteroids do not differ in their relative effects on amiloride-sensitive and amiloride resistant colonic sodium transport processes. PMID- 7315970 TI - Inhibition of human pancreatic lipase-colipase activity by mixed bile salt phospholipid micelles. AB - Mixed dihydroxy bile salt-phosphatidylcholine (PC) micelles can inhibit the hydrolysis of gum arabic-stabilized long-chain triglyceride emulsions by 10(-8) to 10(-9) M concentrations of human pancreatic lipase and colipase. Trypsin treatment of this colipase preparation did not reverse the inhibition, suggesting that procolipase, as a possible contaminant, was not the inhibitory factor. Human biliary phospholipid-cholesterol liposomes, isolated by gel filtration and redissolved in bile salt solutions, inhibited lipolysis to the same degree as solutions of bile salt containing purified PC. The degree of inhibition depended principally on the species of bile salt present (e.g., taurochenodeoxycholate greater than taurodeoxycholate greater than tauroursodeoxycholate greater than taurocholate). In the absence of bile salt, PC (0.4 mM) liposomes alone were not inhibitory over the physiological time range studied. Bile salt solutions of phosphatidylethanolamine or sphingomyelin also inhibited lipase activity, whereas those containing oleyl alcohol, oleyl aldehyde, oleic acid, and lyso-PC did not. PC molecules were found to partition between the triglyceride emulsion interface and the bulk aqueous phase. Full reversal of inhibition occurred in the presence of phospholipase A2, which hydrolyzed the phospholipids to lysolecithin and fatty acids. Mixed bile salt-phospholipid micelles caused marked decrease in the binding of lipase and colipase to the triglyceride substrate and displaced the proteins into the aqueous phase. The results taken together suggest that colipase binds to certain bile salt-PC associations independent of whether the aggregates are located at the surface of a triglyceride particle as a monolayer or in the bulk aqueous phase as mixed micelles. PMID- 7315972 TI - Transport of calcium by duodenum of spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The absorption of calcium by segments of duodenum obtained from spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) rats was measured before and after the development of hypertension. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 5-wk-old SH rats (116 +/- 4 Torr) was significantly elevated above that of age-matched WKy rats (103 +/- 3 Torr) but was not at a level generally considered to be hypertensive. Values obtained for calcium transport [ratio of serosal-to-mucosal fluid 45Ca2+ concn (S/M ratio)] from everted duodenal sacs were similar between the two groups at this age. At 12 wk of age, SH rats exhibited a SBP (153 +/- 4 Torr) well above that of WKy controls (127 +/- 3 Torr), and calcium S/M ratios for duodenal sacs were significantly greater than the WKy control values. Similarly, the in vivo uptake of calcium in duodenal segments was significantly elevated in 12-wk-old SH rats compared with WKy controls. The administration of vitamin D3 or its metabolite, 25 hydroxycholecalciferol, had no detectable effect on duodenal transport of calcium in 12-wk-old SH or WKy rats. By comparison, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol produced a significant increase in duodenal calcium transport both in vitro and in vivo in WKy but not in SH rats. The results indicate a distinct abnormality in the transport of calcium in the duodenum of SH rats, suggesting that the decrease in duodenal uptake of calcium that normally occurs with maturation is slow to develop in this rat strain. PMID- 7315971 TI - Nature of bile acid maximum secretory rate in the rat. AB - We studied the determinants of maximum bile acid secretory rate (SRm) in the rat. The choledochocaval fistula rat model manifested a bile acid secretory rate far in excess of the SRm previously reported for taurocholate in this species. We studied the ability of various bile acid solutions to maintain the high secretion rate in this model. Whole-rat bile, but not taurocholate in 2% albumin nor rat bile with bile acid content over 90% taurocholate, maintained secretion rate. We concluded that the mixture of bile acids in rat bile was the most important determinant of the high secretion rate and that the high rate was not due to a peculiarity of the model itself nor to the infusion of biliary lipids together with bile acids. Conventional determination of the SRm in the bile fistula rat confirmed this impression, with the least toxic bile acids manifesting the highest SRm. During infusion of taurocholate beyond the SRm, bile flow and bile acid secretion rate fell. This was accompanied only by scattered focal necrosis of single liver cells or of small aggregates of cells and not by any diffuse subcellular morphological change. We believe the maximum bile acid secretory rate is determined by toxicity of a specific bile acid for the secretory mechanism rather than by a limitation in transport receptor number as is usual with substances manifesting classical transport maxima. The high SRm of the 7 beta hydroxy bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, is probably related to its very low toxicity. The high SRm in the choledochocaval fistula rat is probably related to the presence of 7 beta-hydroxy muricholic acids in the bile of this species. PMID- 7315973 TI - Hypophysectomy alters cardiorespiratory variables: central effects of pituitary endorphins in shock. AB - The possible involvement of pituitary endorphins in the pathophysiology of shock was evaluated by measuring cardiorespiratory variables after naloxone injection in conscious hypophysectomized and sham-hypophysectomized rats subjected to controlled hemorrhage. Additionally, the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in mediating the cardiodepressant effects of endorphins in shock was studied. After the induction of hypovolemic shock (20 min at below 40 mmHg), hypophysectomized and sham-hypophysectomized rats received intraventricular (ivt) injections of naloxone HCl (10 micrograms) or an equivalent volume of saline (20 microliters over 20 s). In sham-hypophysectomized rats, both injections significantly elevated mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure; however, the increase produced by naloxone was significantly greater than that produced by saline. By contrast, hypophysectomized rats showed no response to naloxone or saline. Intravenous (iv) administration of naloxone HCl (3 mg/kg) or saline to these same hypophysectomized rats 15 min after ivt administration had no additional cardiovascular effects; as before, only animals with intact pituitaries responded to naloxone. Heart rate and respiration rate were unaffected by ivt or iv naloxone. From these data we suggest that pituitary endorphins contribute to the pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock, at least in part through actions within the CNS. PMID- 7315974 TI - Metabolic responsiveness of spontaneously hypertensive rat to isoproterenol. AB - The metabolic responsiveness of spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats to administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, was assessed by changes in tail-skin temperature, heart rate, and plasma glucose concentration after administration of graded doses of isoproterenol. The increases in mean tail-skin temperature accompanying administration of isoproterenol at doses of 5, 10, and 40 micrograms/kg sc were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater for SH than for WKY rats. Resting colonic temperatures of the SH rats were also significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those of the WKY normotensive rats. Mean maximal heart rates of unanesthetized SH rats after administration of isoproterenol at doses of 5, 10, and 20 micrograms/kg sc increased to levels significantly (P less than 0.05-0.01) higher than those of WKY normotensive rats. Resting heart rates were similar in both groups. Increases in plasma glucose concentration after administration of isoproterenol at doses of 5, 10, and 20 micrograms/kg sc were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in the SH rats compared with the WKY rats. These results suggest that the SH rat has a significantly greater metabolic responsiveness to beta-adrenergic stimulation, as assessed by three separate tests of beta adrenergic function, than does the WKY rat. PMID- 7315975 TI - Effects of carnitine and atractyloside on canine cardiac electrical activity. AB - It has been proposed that electrophysiological changes following coronary artery occlusion result from inhibition of the adenine nucleotide translocase and that these changes can be reduced by carnitine infusion or reproduced by infusion of K+-atractyloside. In the present study, we recorded bipolar electrograms during serial 3- to 5-min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. DL-Carnitine (100-200 mg/kg iv) prior to coronary artery occlusion did not significantly alter ischemia-induced electrogram changes. L-Carnitine (100 mg/min ia) distal to the site of occlusion during coronary artery occlusion partially reversed ischemia-induced electrogram changes, but these effects resembled those produced by intra-arterial infusion of NaCl. During normal perfusion, intra-arterial infusion of K+-atractyloside (750 mumol/10 min) or equimolar KCl produced similar reversible flattening of perfused zone electrograms. Sodium atractyloside (750 mumol/10 min ia) did not produce electrogram changes. We conclude that 1) carnitine does not attenuate ischemia induced electrogram changes in this model and 2) K+-atractyloside-induced electrogram changes are primarily due to K+. PMID- 7315976 TI - Functional evaluation of coronary collateral development in conscious dogs. AB - Gradual coronary constriction was elicited in conscious dogs by means of an implanted ameroid coronary constrictor. The functional state of the coronary collateral circulation was serially evaluated by means of regional contractile responses, using brief occlusions of the left circumflex coronary artery and strenuous running in the field. Although resting regional myocardial function was unchanged throughout the study, regional myocardial shortening during coronary occlusion decreased to 9% of control at 3-4 days after the operation; it then recovered progressively to 24% at 7-9 days, 45% at 15-18 days, and 94% at 20-24 days. Concomitantly, reactive hyperemia measured with a flowmeter declined from 300% at 3-4 days to 228, 88, and 0% at 7-9, 15-18, and 20-24 days, respectively. A bout of running held 21 days after the ameroid implant when resting regional function was well maintained induced severe regional and global dysfunction. These findings indicate the usefulness of regional myocardial contractile responses in assessing coronary collateral reserve. PMID- 7315977 TI - Properties of intestinal and cutaneous arteries and veins in two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension. AB - This study evaluates whether changes in arterial and venous smooth muscle contractility and extensibility precede or result from the elevated arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) of two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension (2-KGH). The experiments measure the contractile and extensibility properties of rings of canine mesenteric, cutaneous, gracilis, and pulmonary arteries and veins (0.4-1.0 mm OD) prior to and days 1 and 32 after the initiation of two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertension (2-KGH), produced by unilateral constriction of the renal artery (URAC). The reactivity (ED50) and tension development to norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin II (ANG II), potassium chloride (KCl), serotonin (5-HT), 9 alpha, 11 alpha-epoxymethano prostaglandin H2 (EMP), prostaglandin B2 (PGB2), and CaCl2 were determined. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and TPR were unchanged from pre-URAC values 24 h post-URAC but were significantly elevated 32 days post-URAC. The ED50's for 5-HT, ANG II, EMP, and PGB2 were decreased in each of the arteries and veins obtained from dogs with 2 KGH, within 24 h post-URAC, and either became more pronounced (PGB2, EMP, and 5 HT) or returned to pre-URAC values by day 32 post-URAC. The ED50's for NE, KCl, and CaCl2 were unchanged from pre-URAC values. Maximal tension development of the arteries and veins to each of the agonists increased within 24 h post-URAC, prior to an increase in MAP or TRP. Within 32 days post-URAC, maximal tension development of the veins obtained from 2-KGH was increased from pre-URAC values, whereas tension development by the arteries was decreased. Extensibility decreased in each of the arteries and veins obtained from dogs with 2-KGH 24 h post-URAC. The extensibility decreased further by day 32 post-URAC as the level of MAP and TPR increased. These data support the postulate that altered venous and arterial smooth muscle contractility and extensibility precede the elevated MAP and TPR of 2-KGH in dogs. Moreover, since these changes occur in both artery and vein, they must reflect the action of circulating humoral or intrinsic vascular or neural substances. Finally, the decrease in arterial contractility suggests that the enhanced vascular responses in vivo and in situ may reflect the greater mechanical advantage of the hypertrophied blood vessel and not an arterial vasculature with enhanced contractility. PMID- 7315978 TI - Cardiac electrical resultant dipole moment of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The cardiac electrical resultant dipole moment (RDM) of 17 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was compared with that of 17 Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), 65 100 days of age. Relative to body weight, left ventricular weight was 23% greater and right ventricular weight was 18% greater for SHR than for WKY. Left ventricular wall thickness was 11% larger and myocyte diameter was 13% larger for SHR than for WKY. RDM orientation for SHR was more dorsal, leftward, and cranial from middle to end of qRS. The second spatial magnitude peak of QRS, M2, was significantly smaller for SHR than for WKY (P less than 0.001) whereas M3 for SHR was significantly greater than for WKY (P less than 0.001). The alterations in RDM of SHR are greater than can be accounted for simply on the basis of increased cell size. The excitation sequence for SHR might be different from that of WKY. Results show the necessity of considering the details of the spatial magnitude curve during QRS. PMID- 7315979 TI - Effect of oxygen on arteriolar dimensions and blood flow in cat sartorius muscle. AB - The effect of O2 on arteriolar internal diameter, dual-slit velocity, and volume flow was studied by intravital microscopy in isolated autoperfused cat sartorius muscle. The muscle surface was covered with silicone oil, and gas mixtures containing 0, 5, 10, or 20% O2 in N2 were introduced over the muscle. When the O2 concentration was increased from 0 to 10%, arteriolar diameter, dual-slit velocity, and volume flow decreased on the average by 11 +/- 4, 30 +/- 29, and 37 +/- 13%, respectively. Under 20% O2, these parameters decrease by an additional 9 +/- 5, 29 +/- 10, and 30 +/- 14%, respectively. Percentage reduction in the diameter of large and small arterioles located at the same depth in the muscle were not significantly different. Conversely, the fall in volume flow was significantly greater in small arterioles. The lesser flow decrease in large vessels may reflect the fact that large vessels also feed deep muscle layers where the change in tissue O2 tension (PO2) is less. Our results do not support the hypothesis that small arterioles are intrinsically more sensitive to changes in tissue PO2. PMID- 7315980 TI - Length-dependent sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle. AB - Dose-response curves were obtained from dog anterior tibial artery rings at various lengths (L) to determine whether sensitivity to norepinephrine (NE) and potassium (K+) depends on arterial circumference. The dose for half maximal response (ED50) was determined by graphical estimation and by calculation from a best fit curve. For both NE and K+: 1) ED50 was lowest (most sensitive) at L for maximum active force (Lmax) and increased significantly as L decreased from Lmax; 2) ED50 at 1.0 and 1.15 Lmax was not significantly different; 3) ED50 of repeated dose-response curves at Lmax was not significantly different; and 4) when the direction of length change was reversed (from decreasing to increasing), the direction of change in ED50 was also reversed (from increasing to decreasing). Change in the dose for 10% maximal response was the same as ED50. The results did not depend on the method of determining ED50 or on whether responses were expressed as absolute values or as relative values. The results show that sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle depends on L and that the length sensitivity relation is similar to the length-active tension relation. Similarity of results for NE and K+ indicate that length-dependent sensitivity does not depend on the method of stimulation. PMID- 7315981 TI - Effects of central venous blood volume shifts on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of anesthesia, body position, and blood volume expansion on baroreflex control of heart rate. Five male rhesus monkeys (7.0-10.5 kg) were given bolus injection of 4.0 micrograms/kg phenylephrine during each of the following situations: awake sitting, anesthetized (AN) (10 mg/kg ketamine-HCl) sitting, AN recumbent, AN 90 degrees head down tilt, and AN 50% blood volume expansion with normal saline. beta Receptor blockade was also performed on each treatment after anesthesia. Four additional animals were similarly treated after 20% blood volume expansion. R-R interval was plotted against systolic aortic pressure, and the slope was determined by linear regression. Baroreflex slope was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by 90 degrees head down tilt and 50% volume expansion both before and after beta-receptor blockade. A similar trend was seen after 20% volume expansion. These data are consistent with the thesis that baroreflex control of heart rate is reduced by central blood volume shifts. PMID- 7315982 TI - Lack of a direct metabolic effect of fructose, 1,6-diphosphate in ischemic myocardium. AB - Fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FdP) reportedly protects ischemic myocardium. To determine whether this is a direct action on the heart, we used a canine model in which two coronary arteries were perfused at identical but reduced rates. Into one artery we infused FdP (total doses of 400 mg or 1.8 g) while the other received 0.9% NaCl. After 1 h, biopsies were taken from a normal region and the two ischemic regions and were analyzed for ATP, phosphocreatine (PC), and lactate content. In the 0.9% NaCl-treated ischemic tissue, ATP and PC fell to half the nonischemic levels. The FdP-treated tissue exhibited high-energy phosphate levels similar to the 0.9% NaCl-treated tissue with no significant differences between the two ischemic areas. Lactate levels in both ischemic areas were elevated threefold above nonischemic levels. Contractility studies showed that infusion of FdP directly into the coronary artery depressed contractility in both nonischemic and ischemic conditions. Our data show that, if FdP does have a protective action in ischemia, it is not through a direct action on the heart. PMID- 7315983 TI - Twitch potentiation by rest in canine ventricular muscle: effects of theophylline. AB - Short rest of the regular stimulation of the isolated canine right ventricular muscle induced a large transient increase of subsequent twitch tension (rest twitch potentiation, RTP). This RTP attained the maximum level when the rest period was 120 s and decayed progressively at longer rest periods. The rate of regular stimulation prior to rest affected the degree of RTP but not the time course of RTP. The action potential duration was prolonged progressively after rest until 120 s and maintained this level at longer rest periods. Under the same experimental condition, RTP was not induced in the rabbit papillary muscle. Theophylline, caffeine, and epinephrine increased the strength of steady-state contraction, whereas RTP was inhibited by theophylline and caffeine and unaffected by epinephrine. Manganese and D 600 significantly reduced the strength of steady-state contraction but did not affect the degree of RTP. These results indicate that RTP is induced via a mechanism different from that regulating the steady-state contraction. PMID- 7315984 TI - Prolonged abnormalities of myocardium salvaged by reperfusion. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if biochemical, functional, and ultrastructural abnormalities persist in nonnecrotic postischemic myocardium salvaged by coronary reperfusion. Anesthetized dogs were subjected to 15 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 3 days of reperfusion. Biopsies were obtained for measurement of adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) nmol/mg protein), and regional function was evaluated using sonomicrometry. Myocardial ATP concentration after 15 min of occlusion was 37 +/- 1 nmol/mg cardiac protein in nonischemic subendocardium and 19 +/- 2 nmol/mg in ischemic subendocardium. After the hearts underwent 90 min and 72 h of reperfusion, ATP remained significantly depressed in reperfused subendocardium with values of 25 +/- 5 and 29 +/- 2 nmol/mg, respectively (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 compared with the nonischemic zone in which ATP remained normal). CP levels fell during ischemia but returned to normal by 90 min of reperfusion. Percent systolic shortening of myocardial segments fell from +18 +/- 1% (active shortening) to -13 +/- 2% (passive lengthening) during ischemia and was still significantly depressed at +11 +/- 1% (P less than 0.05 vs. preocclusion) at 72 h of reperfusion. Histological examination showed no necrosis, but ultrastructural abnormalities were present. Therefore brief periods of myocardial ischemia are not associated with necrosis but result in functional, biochemical, and ultrastructural abnormalities, which are present for at lest 3 days after coronary reperfusion. PMID- 7315985 TI - Rabbit carotid baroreflexes after carotid sympathectomy, vagotomy, and beta blockade. AB - Factors that modify carotid vascular baroreflexes were studied in anesthetized rabbits after section of the cervical aortic nerves. We recorded steady-state reflex responses of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) to changes in isolated nonpulsatile carotid intrasinus pressures (ISP) over a wide range. These measurements and the procedures were repeated 1) after sympathetic denervation of the carotid sinuses by section of the cervical sympathetic nerve below the superior cervical ganglia; 2) after cervical vagotomy; and 3) after beta-receptor blockade by propranolol administration. The linearity of the MAP ISP relation curve slope was determined between ISP levels of 63 and 100 mmHg. Comparison of results before and after sympathetic denervation of the sinuses indicated that the denervation significantly lowered the position of the MAP-ISP relation curve over a mid-ISP range. Subsequent vagotomy significantly elevated both HR-ISP relation curve and MAP-ISP relation curve. AFter beta-receptor blockade HR remained constant, whereas the slope of the MAP-ISP relation curve decreased to -1.34 from the slope of -2.26 before blockade. Comparison of results before and after beta blockade in the vagotomized animals suggested a substantial cardiac influence on carotid reflex control of MAP. PMID- 7315986 TI - Long-term vascular access in the rat: importance of asepsis. AB - Chronic indwelling vascular catheters have been used in the rat for many types of experimental studies. Most experiments have been of short duration with little attention to aseptic technique during catheter placement. In this study, rats subjected to a sterile superior vena cava (SVC) catheterization technique, a convential clean but nonsterile SVC catheterization technique, or sham operation were compared. Male Fischer 344 rats (wt 175-200 g) were catheterized or sham operated and then received food and water ad libitum for 25 days. At time of spontaneous death or being killed the SVC was examined grossly and microscopically for infection. Three of six nonsterile conventionally catheterized animals died, and five of these six animals had infected catheters. All sterilely catheterized and sham-operated rats lived 25 days, and none had catheter infection. Sterilely catheterized rats gained weight (1.9 g/day), were in positive nitrogen balance, and had organ weight and blood studies similar to sham-operated noncatheterized controls. Nonsterile catheterization resulted in catheter infection such that normal physiological studies would be uninterpretable. PMID- 7315987 TI - Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate. AB - The relationship of respiratory sinus arrhythmia amplitude (RSA) to tidal volume and breathing frequency was quantified during voluntarily controlled tidal volume and breathing frequency and spontaneous quiet breathing. Seventeen seated subjects breathed via mouthpiece and nose-clip, maintaining constant tidal volumes at each of several breathing frequencies. Inspiratory breath hold was zero frequency. Log RSA was plotted vs. log frequency for each tidal volume. The large stable RSA for frequencies less than 6 cycles/min was called low-frequency intercept (LFI, 20 +/- 5 beats/min). Low-frequency intercept was inversely proportional to a subject's age only to 35 yr. At higher breathing frequencies above a characteristic corner frequency (fC, 7.2 +/- 1.5 cycles/min) RSA decreased with constant slope (roll-off; 21 +/- 3.4 dB/decade). The RSA-volume relationship was linear permitting normalization of RSA-frequency curves for tidal volume to yield one curve. Spontaneous breathing data points fell on this curve. Voluntarily coupling of heart rate to breathing frequency in integer ratios reduced breath-by-breath variability of RSA without changing mean RSA. In conclusion, low-frequency intercept, corner frequency, and roll-off characterize an individual's RSA-frequency relationship during both voluntarily controlled and spontaneous breathing. PMID- 7315988 TI - Capillarity and blood flow of transplanted skeletal muscles of cats. AB - After transplantation, skeletal muscle fibers and the microvasculature degenerate and then regenerate. The structural and functional characteristics of autografted muscle change with time and ultimately stabilize. Capillarity, blood flow, or fatigability was measured in control (total n = 22) and in autografted (total n = 42) extensor digitorum longus muscles of cats. From 10 to 180 days after transplantation, the capillaries per square millimeter in peripheral areas of autografts averaged 65% of control, and from 180 to 518 days, 45% of control. Resting blood flow in autografts increased eventually from total ischemia at the time of transplantation to values 400% of control. After 400 days, resting blood flow returned to control values. The blood flow of autografts increased in response to twitch stimulation, reaching maximal value (24.4 +/- 1.4 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1) at 1 twitch . s-1 . The maximal blood flow of autografts was comparable to the submaximal blood flow at 1 twitch . s-2 of controls and was 30% of the maximal flow of controls obtained at 4 twitches . s-1. The maximal blood flow in autografts did not increase from 80 to 460 days. When stimulated with repetitive twitches, autografts fatigued more rapidly than controls. PMID- 7315989 TI - Effect of acetylstrophanthidin on myocardial function and K+ and Ca2+ exchange in newborn rabbit. AB - The effects of acetylstrophanthidin (AS) on the mechanical function, tissue potassium content, and tissue calcium content were studied in the isolated, arterially perfused newborn and adult rabbit septum. Newborn and adult muscles were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solutions containing 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, or 5.0 X 10(-6) M AS. 42K and 47Ca were used in the measurement of tissue uptakes of these ions. The inotropic effect of AS in the newborn was equal to that in the adult for AS concentrations less than 1.0 X 10(-6) M but was greater (P less than 0.01) than that in the adult at higher concentrations. In muscles perfused with solutions containing AS concentrations higher than 0.5 X 10(-6) M in the adult and 1 X 10(-6) M in the newborn, contractility increased initially and then decreased (mechanical toxicity). Mechanical toxicity in the adult occurred sooner than in the newborn. A decrease in tissue potassium and an increase in tissue calcium were observed immediately after AS infusion in the two age groups. The rates of tissue potassium loss and calcium gain in the newborn were not significantly different from those in the adult. Mechanical toxicity in the newborn was less than that in the adult for an equal amount of tissue potassium loss and/or tissue calcium gain. These data indicate that, in the isolated arterially perfused septal preparation, the newborn myocardium tolerates larger concentrations of AS, resulting in a greater inotropic effect which is observed before the onset of toxicity. PMID- 7315990 TI - Voltage dependence of digitalis afterpotentials, aftercontractions, and inotropy. AB - The effects of membrane potential on digitalis-induced oscillatory afterpotentials (OAP) and aftercontractions (AC) were investigated in isolated canine false tendons and canine and feline papillary muscles. Transmembrane potential and contractions were measured simultaneously. Membrane potential was varied by current applied through an extracellular pipet. The amplitudes of OAP and AC induced by acetylstrophanthidin (0.5-1.0 X 10(-7) g/ml) or actodigin (0.5 1.0 X 10(-6) g/ml) were increased by depolarization and decreased or abolished by hyperpolarization in all tissues. Prior to the appearance of OAP and AC in preparations exposed to the drugs, depolarization caused both phenomena to appear. As in muscle, the strength of beats superimposed on the ascending limb of AC was potentiated, and the strength of beats superimposed on the relaxation phase was depotentiated. When the amplitude of AC was decreased by hyperpolarization, both potentiation and depotentiation were diminished. This effect was accompanied by a partial reversal of the changes induced by acetylstrophanthidin in the course of restitution of contractility and the configuration of the force-frequency relation. PMID- 7315991 TI - Limitations of postextrasystolic potentiation in identifying ischemic myocardium. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of postextrasystolic potentiation in differentiating ischemic yet viable myocardium from infarcted myocardium, 20 dogs were chronically instrumented with left ventricular pressure gauges, left circumflex coronary artery flow probes, occluders, pacing wires, and ultrasonic segment length transducers. Ten dogs had acute (1 h) coronary occlusions followed by reperfusion (4 days) and were then killed. Ten more dogs had more prolonged (1 mo) occlusions and were then killed. Timed premature ventricular contractions were induced, and the postextrasystolic beat was evaluated. In ischemic segments that were hypokinetic, postextrasystolic potentiation of shortening occurred in both groups. In ischemic segments that were akinetic or dyskinetic, potentiation of shortening did not occur in either group. Both groups showed recovery of shortening, and histologically normal myocardium was identified in the region between the segments in all animals. Thus, akinetic and dyskinetic segments did not show postextrasystolic potentiation of shortening, even though the tissue was viable and showed functional recovery. Failure to improve shortening after a premature ventricular beta in an ischemic segment does not necessarily indicate nonviable myocardium. PMID- 7315992 TI - The epidemiologist's lament. PMID- 7315993 TI - To screen or not to screen: congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 7315994 TI - Obtaining hospital and physician participation in a case-control study of colon cancer. AB - This paper describes efforts to solicit hospital and physician participation for a case-control study of the etiology of colon cancer in the five Pennsylvania counties of the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Forty-seven of the 70 hospitals in this region were eligible for inclusion in the study. Thirty-seven (79%) agreed to participate, 27 of them within six months of initial contact. The median time to approval of participation was three months and the median number of separate contacts was nine. At least five participating hospitals submitted the protocol to their lawyers and nine required that special procedures be developed for release of patient information. Two hundred fourteen of 256 listed attending physicians were eligible for participation; 161 (75%) permitted all patients to be contacted 23 (11%) permitted some patients to be contacted; 30 (14%) refused all patient contact. A significant association between type of specialty and type of permission was found (p approximately .005). Concerns about confidentiality and lack of personal advantage were frequently cited by non participants. The validity of case-control studies relying on hospital or physician ascertainment of cases is seriously challenged by such lengthy delays and lack of participation which can result in a biased pool of potential cases. PMID- 7315996 TI - Alcohol availability and cirrhosis mortality rates by gender and race. AB - This study test whether the availability of alcoholic beverages is a simple integrated dimension as implied by certain policy models and in its treatment by researchers. Factor analysis reveals two independent availability factors: on premise and retail availability. A correlation analysis found that on-premise availability was related to cirrhosis mortality rates for the total population, White males, non-White males, and White females. It was not related to non-White female cirrhosis mortality. In contrast, retail availability was not related to any of cirrhosis mortality rates. Examination of the states with extremes of high and low on-premise availability indicates that this type of availability is not a manipulable control variable but an index of extant norms toward drinking. It is recommended that differential prevention strategies be adopted rather than a uniform policy prevention model. PMID- 7315995 TI - Saliva thiocyanate: a chemical indicator of cigarette smoking in adolescents. AB - Denial and minimization in self-reports of cigarette smoking are probable common among youth and other groups where smoking is discouraged. Chemical measures may obtain more accurate measurement of smoking habits in those groups. One such measure, saliva thiocyanate (SCN), was evaluated in 1,419 eighth grade students. In that group, 54.9% of students admitted to regular smoking of greater than one pack/week had thiocyanates greater than or equal to 100 m g/ml compared to 2.3% nonsmokers at those levels. Of students who smoked greater than or equal to 10 cigarettes in the prior 24 hours, 66.7% were at or above 100 microgram/ml. Elevated SCN in nonsmokers was uncommon. Saliva SCN is a safe, inexpensive, and acceptable prevalence measurement for cigarette smoking. It can be used in place of self-reports to document smoking of greater than on pack/week in populations of youth. PMID- 7315997 TI - Adolescents' use of mental health services in a comprehensive treatment facility: age, sex and mode of entry. AB - Data are presented from the clinical records of 185 adolescents who were admitted to the mental health service of a youth health center serving a community of military dependents. Eight and one-half per cent of the population made a first visit to the center during an eight month period. Midadolescence (ages 15-16) was the age period when patients began to refer themselves to mental health services in significant numbers. The importance of parents as referral sources decreased with age, while medical and school sources were important in all ages. The psychological morbidity in the target population was greater in midadolescence than in early and late adolescence and higher in females than in males. Females presented with more somatic and family problems, males more often with aggressive behavior problems. PMID- 7315998 TI - Incidence of congenital anomalies among white and black live births with long term follow-up. AB - The incidence of congenital anomalies at birth and accumulated to five years is presented for live-born children in a large prospective study. Congenital anomalies are not all diagnosable at birth; our data demonstrate that the incidence rate increases approximately three-and-one-halffold for Blacks and approximately fivefold for Whites between six days of age and five years of age. The incidence of congenital anomalies at birth was higher among Black children than White children, but there were no notable differences between the groups in incidence accumulated to age five years. At five years, the incidence rate of severe and moderate (but not trivial) congenital anomalies amounted to 15 per cent; for severe congenital anomalies, 4 per cent. Severe congenital anomalies diagnosed through age five years were observed to have a much higher incidence among children who weighted 2500 gm or less at birth than among those who were heavier. PMID- 7315999 TI - The child-adolescent blood pressure study: I. Distribution of blood pressure levels in Seventh-Day-Adventist (SDA) and non-SDA children. AB - Distribution of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (measured with an automated blood pressure recorder) of two large groups of children-3,159 from Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) schools and 4,681 from non-SDA schools-are reported. They boys and girls were from four different ethnic groups and attended grades one through 10 in 29 Southern California schools. The analysis of the data failed to show significant differences in mean blood pressure levels between the two groups of children at all ages, despite marked differences in life-style between the two groups, and despite the fact that adults from the two population groups have marked differences in mortality from diseases associated with elevated blood pressure. A comparison between boys and girls showed significantly higher trends in mean systolic blood pressure for boys after age 12. Inter-ethnic comparisons of blood pressure revealed that Black children of both sexes had slightly higher mean blood pressure levels at all ages. PMID- 7316000 TI - Life-style and death patterns of the Missouri RLDS church members. AB - Members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (RLDS) are dissuaded from the use of tobacco, alcohol, and hot drinks. A well-balanced diet is also stressed. This study compares the 1972-78 mortality experience of the Missouri RLDS with three other population groups. The findings show Missouri RLDS experiencing age-adjusted death rates which are 22.6 percent lower than rates for Missouri non-RLDs whites; 19.6 per cent lower than the non-RLDS of Independence, Missouri; and 14.4 per cent lower than Utah residents. The RLDS display lower death rates than the two Missouri comparison groups for each of seven selected causes-particularly lung cancer, pneumonia/influenza, and violent deaths. Comparisons between the Missouri RLDS and Utah residents show an inconsistent pattern, with Utah residents having non-significantly lower death rates for lung cancer and ischemic heart disease, but with the Missouri RLDS having significantly lower rates for pneumonia/influenza and violent deaths. These inconsistencies are of interest because 72 per cent of Utah's population belong to the Mormon Church which advocates life-styles similar to the RLDS. If these disparate mortality patterns persist under a more direct comparison between the Missouri RLDS and Utah Mormons, they could provide the opportunity to assess the impact of similar life-styles in separate settings. PMID- 7316001 TI - Do prescriptions adversely affect doctor-patient interactions? AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the prescription on the doctor-patient interaction. Data were collected during ongoing quality assessment studies at a prepaid group practice of about 19,000 enrollees. Adult patients and their providers completed forms on all visits to the Department of Medicine and Urgent Care Center during a two-week period. A 50 percent random sample of patients was interviewed by telephone one week after the index visit. Patients who did not receive prescriptions reported more satisfaction with the communicative aspects of their visits to physicians than patients who did receive prescriptions. We suggest that prescriptions may hinder patient satisfaction with the doctor-patient interaction by substituting for other, more "meaningful" communication between patient and provider. PMID- 7316002 TI - A prospective study of response error in food history questionnaires: implications for foodborne outbreak investigation. AB - To explore the problem of response error in food history data, a prospective study examined the validity of food questionnaire data obtained five days after the study meal. Unobtrusive observation of 64 persons selecting two different foods at a buffet-style luncheon were compared with subsequent histories of food consumption. The predictive value of a positive response was 0.73 for one food and 0.82 for the second food. The response error measures obtained were then applied to data from a published foodborne outbreak to illustrate the impact of predictive value positive and predictive value negative levels on the significance of a food-illness association. Public health workers engaged in food questionnaire administration and analysis must consider response error and should explore methods of reducing this problem through attention to both interviewer respondent interaction and questionnaire design. PMID- 7316003 TI - How successful is screening for congenital disease of the hip? AB - The efficacy of neonatal screening for congenital disease of the hip is reviewed in relation to currently accepted criteria. There is poor validity of the tests used, imperfect understanding of the natural history of the condition, and absence of information on the outcome of treatment following screening compared to that following conventional diagnosis. The benefits of screening, although probably real, are therefore difficult to quantify. Strategies for increasing the efficiency of screening (maximizing the benefit:cost ratio) by mass screening after the neonatal period or by instituting routine retesting of all infants are discussed. PMID- 7316004 TI - Estimating costs of illness and injuries: a criticism. PMID- 7316005 TI - Estimating costs of illness and injuries: a response. PMID- 7316006 TI - Patient attitudes following participation in a health outcome survey. AB - A study was conducted to assess attitudes of women with breast cancer following their participation in a health outcome interview survey. The majority of the sample indicated that the interview was easier than expected and one reported being inconvenienced by the interview; 94 percent indicated they were glad to have participated and 58 percent felt they have received some personal benefit. There was no evidence of distress resulting from participation. PMID- 7316007 TI - Sedating drugs and automobile accidents leading to hospitalization. AB - The use of central nervous system depressant drugs among 244 people hospitalized for injuries suffered in an automobile accident was similar for drivers presumed at fault for the accident compared with other drivers and passengers. It was only slightly higher in the three groups than it was in the population at large. The absence of an important association in this population might be related to the warnings given to people filling prescriptions for these drugs. PMID- 7316008 TI - Change in smoking status among school-aged youth: impact of a smoking-awareness curriculum, attitudes, knowledge and environmental factors. AB - The present study examined the relationships between exposure to a smoking awareness curriculum, attitudes toward and knowledge about smoking, sociodemographic and smoking exposure characteristics, and change in smoking status over three years. During this period, 4.5 per cent of the students decreased their involvement with cigarettes, 56.6 per cent reported no change, and 38.9 per cent reported an increase. Exposure to the curriculum did not bear a significant relationship to change in smoking; however, changes in peer smoking, knowledge, and parental smoking were significant predictors. PMID- 7316009 TI - Tap water burns. PMID- 7316010 TI - Asbestos workers and lung cancer. PMID- 7316012 TI - Issues surrounding genetic screening programs. PMID- 7316011 TI - Monitoring referrals in VD cases. PMID- 7316013 TI - Presidential address of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. PMID- 7316014 TI - Recurrent subluxation of the glenohumeral joint. AB - Recurrent subluxation of the shoulder is a common condition. In our hospital, 30% of operations for shoulder instability were performed on patients who never had a frank dislocation but presented with symptoms of instability or, occasionally, simply with pain on throwing. The most common physical finding in this group was apprehension on abduction-external rotation. Thirty-four of the 50 shoulders with subluxation showed radiological changes consisting mainly of infraglenoid new bone formation. Six showed fracture of the anterior glenoid margin. Examination under anaesthesia demonstrated the instability on all cases in which it was tested. Thirty-three of the 50 shoulders had Bankart lesions and six had anterior glenoid margin fractures. Thirty-nine shoulders were treated by Putti-Platt repair and 10 had stapling alone. There was a tendency for loss of external rotation in patients with Putti-Platt reinforcement. We conclude that recurrent subluxation of the shoulder is a common injury that can be confirmed by demonstrating subluxation under anaesthesia, and Bankart repair alone is recommended if the athlete is to return to throwing activities. PMID- 7316015 TI - Patellar tendon avulsion as a complication of Osgood-Schlatter's disease. AB - The etiology of Osgood-Schlatter's disease remains a topic for debate. Previous studies by Ogden and Southwick (Osgood-Schlatter's disease and tibial tubercle development. Clin Orthop 116: 180 - 189, 1976) strongly support the concept of multiple microavulsions of the anterior surface of the developing ossification center of the tibial tubercle as the underlying cause. Orthopaedic literature fails to associate Osgood-Schlatter's disease with traumatic disruption of the extensor mechanism of the knee. Though the mechanism of injury for such trauma is as common as Osgood-Schlatter's disease itself, such occurrences are rare. Failure of the point of attachment of the patellar tendon in a patient with markedly symptomatic Osgood-Schlatter's disease tends to confirm the etiologic concept of Ogden and Southwick. Patients with markedly symptomatic Osgood Schlatter's disease who engage in activities involving rapid deceleration or vigorous vertical acceleration are in a relatively high risk category for disruption of the extensor mechanism. Traumatic avulsion of the patellar tendon in such a patient establishes this relationship. PMID- 7316016 TI - Low-intensity X-ray-imaging scope (Lixiscope). Its applications in sports medicine and orthopaedic surgery. AB - The low-intensity x-ray imaging scope (Lixiscope) is a hand-held, totally portable fluorescopic device utilizing a low-energy, low-intensity gamma source of 125I. The unit was developed at the Goddard Space Flight Center for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It has become apparent that there is increasing use of this tool, especially in sports medicine, to diagnose and treat injuries of the hand, foot, ankle, wrist and elbow at the time that they occur. The Lixiscope enables the orthopaedic surgeon to carry out the immediate screening at the scene of the injury with a hand-held x-ray unit. The unit gives a visible light output and the image can be recorded on instant processing film or used with other image-recording devices. The small size of the unit, combined with the minute radioactive source, provides a portability that we have not seen in the past. This will enable us to immediately differentiate between sprains and fractures right after the injury occurs. It is quite useful in finding metallic or other foreign bodies in the hand or foot, and is most useful in the operating or emergency room for this purpose. There are numerous applications for this unit in other fields of medicine and dentistry. It certainly should be considered an important development for immediate x-ray evaluation of the injured person. PMID- 7316019 TI - Upper extremity injuries in skiing. AB - In a six-year study, 1,711 ski injuries and 998 controls at Sugarbush North Ski Area were studied. Upper extremity injuries, which constituted 25% of all ski injuries, did not increase in frequency. Men and women were at equal risk of injury. When edging conditions were poor, upper extremity injuries were more common than lower extremity injuries. Forty percent of all upper extremity injuries involved the thumb (85% included injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint). Twenty-five percent of 405 skiers interviewed had, at one time, injured their thumbs while skiing but only one quarter of these reported their injury. Our study suggests that injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint may be the most frequent in skiing and that gripping the ski pole outside the strap may prevent these injuries. PMID- 7316018 TI - Fractures and refractures in intercollegiate athletes. An eleven-year experience. AB - This report on fractures and refractures in intercollegiate athletes covers an 11 year period from the early Fall of 1968 through the Spring of 1979. Two hundred thirty-one fractures occurred in 219 athletes. Of these athletes, 185 were male and 34 were female. Fractures occurred in 18 sports. Of these 18, football, basketball, wrestling, and soccer led in number for Men's (M) teams, and gymnastics, lacrosse, and volleyball led for Ladies' (L) teams. (Because of this institution's early involvement with Title IX, and the strong position taken by our administration, our teams are designated Gentlemen (Men for short), which constitute the LIONS, and Ladies, which make up the LADY LIONS.) No fractures were noted in the other 11 intercollegiate teams of cheerleading (M and L), bowling (M and L), golf (M and L), fencing (L), rifle (coed), tennis (M and L), and volleyball (M). Boxing, ice hockey, rugby, soccer, and synchronized swimming are club sports at the Pennsylvania State University and are not included in this study. The most common of the 17 fracture sites were the finger, hand, face, foot, nose, and leg, regardless of sport or gender. Fourteen of fifteen refractures occurred in collision/contact sports, and essentially the same mechanical forces caused both fractures. In football most fractures occurred during highly successful seasons. PMID- 7316020 TI - A chronicle of injuries of an American intercollegiate football team. AB - Many studies concerning the injuries occurring in high school and intercollegiate football have been reported, including those emphasizing the number and type of injuries, geographic distribution of injuries, and the rate of injury compared to position, conditioning, officiating, equipment, and type of playing surface. This report focuses on the individual player involved in a sports program for four or five years and emphasizes the statistical probability of that individual sustaining an injury during his playing career. Conclusions, drawn from statistics compiled at Memphis State University from 1975 through 1979, involved 265 athletes. These 265 athletes sustained 283 injuries during this period. Of these 283 injuries, 69% were mild, 20% were moderate, and 11% were severe. The knee was most often involved and suffered the most severe injuries. Ankle injuries accounted for the second highest incidence of injury, but these were primarily mild or moderate injuries. The defensive line, especially the defensive ends, received the greatest percentage of injuries. The probability of injury for the individual player was found to be 106.7% for a five-year participant, 99.1% for a four-year participant, and 46.6% for a one-year participant. PMID- 7316021 TI - Pott's puffy tumor, frontal sinusitis, frontal bone osteomyelitis, and epidural abscess secondary to a wrestling injury. AB - A blow sustained to the head while wrestling may produce frontal osteomyelitis and its complications, Pott's puffy tumor and epidural abscess. The symptoms may be minimal and may be manifested only by a mild headache and occasional stuffy nose. A 16-year-old boy was studied one month after a head injury sustained while wrestling, complaining only of recurrent headaches and fever. A fluctuant mass was found in the midfrontal area. Frontal sinusitis, subperiosteal abscesss epidural abscess, and frontal osteomyelitis were found at surgery. The frontal bone involved by the osteomyelitis was debrided, and the epidural abscess was evacuated. PMID- 7316017 TI - Medial collateral ligament injuries in football. Nonoperative management of grade I and grade II sprains. AB - During four academic years (1974-1978) at a major university, 51 of 70 knee injuries sustained by football players were Grade I or II sprains of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. All were managed identically with an active rehabilitation program involving partial or no immobilization. Players with Grade I sprains returned to full, unprotected participation after an average of 10.6 days of time loss; those with Grade II sprains returned after 19.5 days. Neither group showed an appreciably increased likelihood of reinjury. The likelihood of sustaining any knee injury was more than three times greater during spring as opposed to fall football. PMID- 7316022 TI - Magnification and high-resolution radiography in sports-related injuries. AB - Magnification, or high-resolution radiography, is a widely accepted technique and is currently used in angiography, mammography and pediatric chest radiographs. Small avulsion fractures of the bones of the hand and stress fractures of th tibia are examples of two areas where the fracture may not be apparent on conventional films, although in many cases magnification radiography will demonstrate the lesions. Six representative case histories are provided to illustrate the use of magnification radiography in sports-related injuries. PMID- 7316024 TI - Kinesiology. II. A practical discussion of certain muscle actions in a few illustrative sports activities. PMID- 7316023 TI - Javelin injury to the subclavian artery. AB - Penetrating arterial injuries are exceedingly rare in athletics. The successful repair of a traumatic transection of a subclavian artery resulting from a javelin injury is reported. The importance of a high index of suspicion and an expedient and thorough evaluation of penetrating cervical and supraclavicular injuries on the part of the athletic staff and the physician is stressed. Subclavian arterial injuries are discussed and pitfalls in their assessment are listed. The principles of surgical management are outlined. PMID- 7316025 TI - Thomas G. Orr Memorial Lecture. Cardiovascular surgery in Saudi Arabia. AB - A program in cardiovascular surgery from Baylor College of Medicine was transplanted halfway around the world to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, providing services with results similar to those obtained in more medically advanced areas of the world. In order to do this, however, numerous support services must be in place and functioning efficiently, and there must be a cooperative spirit on the part of all concerned. In this manner it has been possible not only to provide cardiovascular service to the Kingdom, but also to establish a bidirectional training program. It is intended that eventually this program of cardiovascular surgery will be conducted by Saudi nationals. PMID- 7316026 TI - Perioperative heparin prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - Perioperative low dose heparin was administered to 24 patients who were compared with 19 control patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgical procedures. This prophylactic measure was ineffective in reducing the incidence of subclinical, postoperative deep venous thrombosis, as indicated by iodine-125 fibrinogen scanning. The data suggest that patients undergoing vascular surgery will not benefit from the routine application of this prophylactic regimen. PMID- 7316027 TI - Routine versus selective drainage of the gallbladder bed after cholecystectomy. AB - A review of 367 cases of patients undergoing cholecystectomy was made to compare the complication rates and the duration of hospital stay in the patients in whom the surgeon used routine drainage of the gallbladder bed and those in whom the surgeon used drainage selectively (only in those with severe inflammatory reaction, persistent leakage or injury to the liver bed). The patients in whom selective drainage was used had a significantly lower complication rate and a shorter hospital stay. It is concluded that routine drainage adds to the morbidity of simple cholecystectomy and should not be practiced. PMID- 7316028 TI - Surgical therapy for chronic pancreatitis: selecting the appropriate approach. AB - Surgical therapy of 37 patients with chronic pancreatitis is reviewed. Procedures included longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (10), DuVal (5), distal resection (4), pancreaticoduodenectomy (2), sphincteroplasty (7), pseudocyst drainage (6) and other miscellaneous procedures. Complication rates were 30 percent for lateral pancreaticojejunostomy, 28.5 percent for sphincteroplasty and 72.7 percent for resection procedures. The overall complication rate was 54.5 percent, and there were two deaths (5.4 percent). Follow-up is presented on 20 patients, of whom 16 are improved, 2 are unchanged and 2 are worse. Eight patients are dead and nine are lost to follow-up. Ductal anatomy is the most important consideration in the selection of a procedure. Lateral pancreaticojejunostomy, when applicable, is the procedure of choice. Resection should be considered when pancreaticojejunostomy has failed or is not indicated with pancreaticoduodenectomy, the procedure of choice in the diffusely diseased gland. Sphincteroplasty should be reserved for use in stenosing papillitis or as an ancillary procedure. Splanchnicectomy can be used for temporary palliation. PMID- 7316029 TI - Acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts are different. AB - Our experience supports the concept that acute and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts differ and require different plans of management. Patients who present with a chronic pseudocyst should be scheduled for operation promptly; internal drainage is almost always possible, spontaneous resolution is extremely rare, and delay only runs the risk of complications. Patients who are found to have an acute pseudocyst that develops during an attack of acute pancreatitis should be managed expectantly for 4 to 6 weeks; in them, spontaneous resolution may occur and surgical therapy is more satisfactory if the pseudocyst wall is allowed to mature enough that internal drainage is possible. PMID- 7316030 TI - Debridement pancreatectomy for pancreatic abscess. AB - Experience with seven cases of pancreatic abscess is reviewed. All patients were treated with radical pancreatic debridement, large sump drainage with postoperative irrigation, gastrointestinal defunctionalization, antibiotic therapy and nutritional support. One patient died, for a mortality rate of 14 percent. We feel that this regimen will help maximize survival in patients with pancreatic abscess. PMID- 7316031 TI - Drainage in elective cholecystectomy. AB - This randomized, prospective study evaluates drainage of the subhepatic space in patients undergoing simple, uncomplicated cholecystectomy. One hundred twenty-two patients were divided into open (Penrose) drainage, closed sump drainage and no drainage groups. Open drainage resulted in increased morbidity and a longer postoperative hospital stay. The best results were in patients without drains. Subhepatic drainage is unnecessary in simple, uncomplicated cholecystectomy. PMID- 7316032 TI - Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants. AB - Twenty-five low birth weight, premature neonates who were refractory to aggressive medical management underwent ligation of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. The mean birth weight was 1,007 g and the mean gestational age 29 weeks. Six patients (24 percent) died before discharge, two from continued cardiorespiratory failure. Echocardiography showed significant improvement in left atrial and left ventricular dimensions after ligation. In the premature neonate with respiratory distress and congestive heart failure refractory to aggressive medical management, surgical ligation may be accomplished with an acceptable hospital mortality in very low birth weight infants. PMID- 7316033 TI - Early identification of patients prone to develop adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Fifty-nine intubated nonhypoxic patients with clinical criteria associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome were studied. Clinical measurement were sought to identify patients before severe hypoxemia occurred. Etiologic factors, chest roentgenography, effective static compliance, intrapulmonary shunt and arterial blood gases on 40 and 100 percent inspired oxygen were analyzed. Pulmonary failure occurred in 22 patients, while 37 had minimal pulmonary difficulties. Comparison of these two groups revealed that only sequential arterial oxygen tensions accurately predicted pulmonary deterioration. A 40 percent arterial oxygen pressure below 100 torr and a 100 percent oxygen pressure below 350 torr indicated a 95 percent probability of pulmonary deterioration. When either determination was above these levels, the probability of pulmonary deterioration was 10 percent. The use of sequential arterial blood gases allows the selection of high risk patients for adult respiratory distress syndrome. This ensures that therapy is offered at the most beneficial time. PMID- 7316034 TI - Systematic approach to traumatic hemothorax. AB - We reviewed 395 patients with isolated hemo- or hemopneumothorax from penetrating injuries. All patients were treated with immediate insertion of a chest tube and drainage of various amounts of blood up to 1,500 ml. Forty-five patients (11 percent) were in hemorrhagic shock on admission to the hospital emergency room, and all were resuscitated with volume replacement. Twenty-one patients (5.3 percent) whose blood pressure decreased again were found on exploration to have lacerated internal mammary or intercostal arteries or major lung lacerations extending into the hilus. All other patients were treated aggressively with chest tubes, aspiration of residual blood and fibrinolytic enzymes until the lung was fully expanded. We conclude that the clinical course of patients with hemothorax after insertion of a chest tube should determine whether exploration is necessary or whether nonoperative treatment should continue. PMID- 7316035 TI - Vascular trauma in the groin: contrast between iliac and femoral injuries. AB - Vascular injuries to the groin are common and often life-threatening. Injuries above the inguinal ligament, to the iliac system, are associated with a 37 percent mortality. Associated intraabdominal injuries are common. These patients must be identified promptly, given broad-spectrum antibiotics and taken immediately to the operating room for exploration through a midline incision. Injuries below the inguinal ligament are usually to the femoral vessels and are rarely fatal. These patients may be evaluated more extensively before leg exploration. Associated intraabdominal injuries are unusual, but disability from femoral fractures and nerve injuries are common. PMID- 7316036 TI - Intraabdominal abscess after penetrating abdominal trauma. AB - In 57 (2.4 percent) of 2,416 patients undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma from 1977 to 1980, an intraabdominal abscess developed in the postoperative period. Preoperative antibiotic administration, careful closure of gastrointestinal tract perforation with diversion as necessary, and copious irrigation of the peritoneal cavity at the completion of surgery were common factors in all operations. Over 80 percent of penetrating wounds leading to abscesses occurred in the upper quadrants, and common risk factors included multiple intraabdominal solid organ injuries requiring open drainage, coupled with gastrointestinal tract perforation. Physician delay in the recognition of patients with intraabdominal abscess and in reoperation was a common problem. PMID- 7316038 TI - Acute perforation of sigmoid diverticula. AB - Forty patients underwent operative therapy for acute perforation of colonic diverticula. The group I patients had some localization of infection, group II had generalized feculent-purulent contamination with free perforation, and group III had free perforation and were treated with chronic steroids for various medical disorders. The retrospective evaluation was directed at evaluating the effect on survival of methods to treat the hole in the colon and methods to treat peritoneal contamination. It is concluded that control of the perforation in the bowel and aggressive peritoneal irrigation may decrease the high morbidity and mortality rates. PMID- 7316037 TI - Primary closure of the contaminated wound. Closed suction wound catheter. AB - Primary closure of the contaminated wound using a closed suction catheter and antibiotic or povidone-iodine irrigation is cost-effective and convenient alternative to standard open wound care with delayed primary closure. Antibiotic irrigation appeared more effective than povidone-iodine in this study, but the total number of patients studied was too small to be statistically significant. PMID- 7316039 TI - Traumatic colonic perforation. Review of 16 years' experience. AB - The surgical management of colon injuries in civilian practice requires individualization. Primary repair, either by debridement and suture or resection and anastomosis, is a safe method of management in selected cases and results in a shorter hospital stay, less morbidity and a complication rate that is no higher. In this series, over half of the colon injuries were managed in this way. Exteriorization and proximal colostomy are accepted methods of management, but possibly should be reserved for the more severely injured patient. The criteria for individualization are briefly summarized. PMID- 7316040 TI - Intestinal stenosis resulting from necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Fourteen infants with intestinal stenosis as a late sequela of necrotizing enterocolitis were treated at Texas Children's and Ben Taub General Hospitals from 1972 to 1979. Barium enema studies are the keystone in making the diagnosis and should be performed in any infant with abdominal distention or poor feeding after recovery from acute necrotizing enterocolitis. Spontaneous resolution of stenosis is a definite clinical entity, and nonobstructed infants should be given a trial for resolution. This trial should be for a limited time. The operative therapy for the infant with obstruction or the infant who fails to have spontaneous resolution of stenosis must be individualized. Resection with primary anastomosis best serves those infants with limited stenotic lesions, minimal dilatation of the intestinal lumen and no other complicating medical problems. Intestinal diversion with later resection and enterostomy closure should be reserved for infants with intestinal obstruction and complicating medical problems. PMID- 7316041 TI - Arterial embolectomy in the leg. Results in a referral hospital. AB - The clinical characteristics and course of 90 patients in whom 121 arterial emboli occurred from 1968 to 1978 were reviewed. The factor that correlated most significantly with a favorable outcome was the interval from onset of symptoms until arterial embolectomy was performed. The results of embolectomy were excellent in the patients operated on within 6 hours of symptoms (amputation rate 4 percent, mortality rate 15 percent), but less favorable in the patients operated on within 6 to 12 hours of onset of symptoms (amputation rate 27 percent, mortality 40 percent). Mortality (48 percent) and amputation (52 percent) rates in the patients operated on 12 to 48 hours after onset of symptoms were excessive. It is recommended that immediate embolectomy be performed in all potentially viable extremities in patients who present within 12 hours of symptoms, but that after 12 hours only those limbs with obvious viability (not paralyzed or anesthetic) should be operated on. Alternatives for the remainder are high dose intravenous heparinization or expedient amputation. In patients who present greater than 60 hours after the onset of symptoms, embolectomy can be performed with low morbidity and mortality. PMID- 7316042 TI - Changing trends in causalgia. AB - The term causalgia as currently understood encompasses a wider range of post traumatic disabilities than Mitchell's original definition as burning pain. In this series, orthopedic injury replaced penetrating trauma as the most common initiating event. Injury to a peripheral nerve may be ill-defined or absent. Serious disability may arise from what appears to be a minor injury. When causalgia is recognized and appropriate therapy instituted, nearly all patients improve. PMID- 7316043 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - The lethal progression of expanding aneurysms may present as a confusing clinical picture. Four cases are reported in which the diagnosis was masked and treatment delayed by symptoms thought to be related mainly to inguinal hernias. It is concluded that there is a subset of patients with aneurysmal progression in whom symptoms are related mainly to the groin. Exhaustive diagnostic methods will detect this condition when the aneurysm is not palpable. The ability to recognize these unique symptoms and signs in elderly men presenting with enlarging inguinal hernias and neuropathy is essential. Biologic and biochemical relations between inguinal hernias and aneurysms may exist. PMID- 7316044 TI - Successful creation of arteriovenous fistulas in nonuremic patients with heparin and aspirin therapy. AB - From November 1977 through June 1979, 26 of 28 nonuremic patients had forearm arteriovenous fistulas successfully created for dialysis, lymphapheresis or vascular access. To improve patency, aspirin and heparin therapy was begun the night before operation and continued postoperatively in all except one patient. No major change in coagulation parameters resulted from this treatment. Twenty five radial artery to cephalic vein fistulas were created in 23 patients, brachial artery to basilic vein fistulas in 3 patients, and 8 mm polytetrafluoroethylene brachial artery to basilic vein loop grafts in two patients. Early fistula failures (within 11 days) required thrombectomy once in four patients and twice in another patient. A sixth patient was not given heparin or aspirin and required multiple thrombectomies before the graft was removed because of infection. One other patient refused further surgery after two unsuccessful attempts to create an arteriovenous fistula. In the remaining 26 patients, the fistulas have been successfully maintained, and in 18 patients more than 214 dialysis or lymphapheresis treatments have been performed without problems. The successful establishment of arteriovenous fistulas in nonuremic patients has been achieved by giving aspirin and low dose heparin therapy, which appears to be an integral step in maintaining patency. PMID- 7316045 TI - Mastodynia due to fibrocystic disease of the breast controlled with thyroid hormone. AB - Nineteen patients were evaluated for breast pain and nodularity associated with fibrocystic disease. Rapid pain relief occurred in 73 of patients, with total relief in 47 percent after daily treatment with 0.1 mg of levothyroxine. Softening of breast tissue and decreased nodularity occurred within 3 months in many patients. Three patients had elevated levels of serum prolactin before treatment, with dramatic pain relief and normalization of prolactin levels after treatment. Further trials of levothyroxine in patients with mastodynia due to fibrocystic disease appear justified. PMID- 7316046 TI - Extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to metastatic cancer. AB - Thirty patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to metastatic cancer were reviewed to determine the sites of the primary tumor, diagnostic methods, therapy and success of palliation. Colon carcinoma was the most common primary tumor, and the common bile duct was most often obstructed. Both percutaneous transhepatic and surgical decompression of the biliary tract were employed. Twenty-seven (90 percent) of the patients obtained successful palliation. The length of survival averaged 270 +/- 49 days in patients treated surgically compared with 60 +/- 11 days in patients who underwent decompression by radiologic techniques. Mortality was not increased in patients undergoing operative biliary drainage. Surgical decompression may be the best method for managing patients with biliary obstruction secondary to metastatic cancer. PMID- 7316047 TI - Peritoneovenous shunting in patients with malignant ascites. PMID- 7316048 TI - [Lung hemodynamics and the blood minute volume in pregnant women with mitral stenosis]. PMID- 7316050 TI - [Basic principles of the delivery of patients with the hypoxic syndrome under hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7316049 TI - [Genetic indices in women with congenital heart defects and in their children]. PMID- 7316051 TI - [Peripheral blood status in pregnant women with heart defects using hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 7316052 TI - [Characteristics of uterine contractile activity and engorgement in pregnant women with an aggravated obstetrical anamnesis]. PMID- 7316053 TI - [Characteristics of labor activity in late pregnancy toxicosis]. PMID- 7316054 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity indices with different methods of delivery]. PMID- 7316055 TI - [Isotope renography in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis in pregnant women]. PMID- 7316056 TI - [Characteristics of pregnancy, labor and external respiratory function in women who have undergone lung operation]. PMID- 7316057 TI - [Bacterial shock in obstetrics and its treatment principles]. PMID- 7316058 TI - [Effect of dopamine and adenosine on uterine contractile capacity and on the state of the adrenergic system receptors]. PMID- 7316059 TI - [Thrombocytopenia and pregnancy]. PMID- 7316060 TI - [Glomerulonephritis and pregnancy]. PMID- 7316061 TI - [Rheological and volemic properties of the blood in pregnant women with acquired heart defects]. PMID- 7316062 TI - [Central hemodynamics in healthy pregnant women according to the data of integral rheography of the body]. PMID- 7316063 TI - [Usefulness of bipolar rheography for assessment of uterine hemodynamics]. PMID- 7316064 TI - [Microcirculation in the uterine serous membrane during physiological pregnancy]. PMID- 7316066 TI - [Disorders of adaptive-regulatory mechanisms in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 7316065 TI - [Study of compatibility in married couples according to the HLA antigen system in normal pregnancy and late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 7316067 TI - [Role of the kidneys in the development of acidosis in pregnant women with nephropathy]. PMID- 7316068 TI - [Complex treatment and causes of lethality in patients with acute renal failure due to obstetrical pathology]. PMID- 7316069 TI - [System lupus erythematosus in pregnancy]. PMID- 7316070 TI - [Catecholamine excretion in prolonged pregnancy before the onset of labor]. PMID- 7316071 TI - [Changes in nonspecific immunological reactivity of the body of parturients after protracted labor]. PMID- 7316072 TI - [Comparative analysis of the external respiratory function in healthy pregnant women and parturients]. PMID- 7316073 TI - [Porphyria and pregnancy]. PMID- 7316074 TI - [Possibilities of development and prevention of disseminated intravascular coagulation during cesarean section]. PMID- 7316075 TI - [Regional hemodynamics in intrauterine contraception in the early puerperium]. PMID- 7316076 TI - [Case of aortic coarctation associated with polycystic kidney in a pregnant woman and her fetus]. PMID- 7316077 TI - [Severe forms of late pregnancy toxemias. Physiopathological basis of intensive therapy]. PMID- 7316078 TI - [Study of the hemostasis system in obstetrics, gynecology and perinatology]. PMID- 7316079 TI - [Brenner tumor]. PMID- 7316081 TI - [Maternal welfare and health services in the USSR]. PMID- 7316080 TI - [Treatment of malignant ovarian tumors in girls]. PMID- 7316082 TI - [Reconstructive operations on the fallopian tubes with the use of microsurgery]. PMID- 7316083 TI - [Perimetric varicose veins]. PMID- 7316084 TI - [Complex diagnosis of endometrial pathology]. PMID- 7316087 TI - [Case of ovarian carcinoid tumor with carcinoid syndrome]. PMID- 7316088 TI - [Gonadoblastoma (case report)]. PMID- 7316085 TI - [Stimulating effect of laser irradiation on regeneration of the vaginal part of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 7316086 TI - [Detection of cervix dysplasia during selection of patients for mud therapy]. PMID- 7316089 TI - [Thrombophlebitis of the right ovarian vein]. PMID- 7316090 TI - [Use of helium-neon laser in the treatment of cervix erosion]. PMID- 7316091 TI - [Pregnancy and labor in patients with uterine myoma]. PMID- 7316092 TI - [Brenner tumor]. PMID- 7316093 TI - The evolution of visual and auditory evoked potentials in infants with perinatal disorder. AB - The evolutionary changes of evoked potentials (EPs) were studied from the neonatal period up to 1 year of age in 41 infants with various perinatal disorders. Abnormal EPs in the first week of life recovered quickly. In infants with normal outcome, abnormal EPs became normal within a month. In infants with cerebral palsy (CP) or mental retardation (MR), EPs recovered within 2-3 months of age. Infants with more severe neurological damage showed abnormal EPs even beyond 6 months of age. Abnormal EPs beyond 2 weeks of age indicated poor prognosis. As for the wave form of EPs, absent responses or abnormal wave form reflected more severe brain dysfunction. AEPs tended to show more profound abnormalities than VEP. However, some infants with absent AEP in the first week of life had a favorable prognosis. AEPs seemed to be more easily affected by brain dysfunction. PMID- 7316094 TI - Development of the motor behavior during sleep in newborn infants. AB - Body movements during sleep were examined in eight non-eventful preterm babies and two full-term babies using the polygraphic methods including superficial EMG. Typical movements in quiet sleep were startle (St) or generalized phasic movement (GPM) and increased tonic activity in chin muscles. In active sleep, instead of total simultaneous patterns observed in quiet sleep, more un-coordinated and localized movements such as generalized movement (GM), localized tonic movement (LTM), localized phasic movement (LPM) and clonic movement (CM) occurred. Longitudinal study of movements revealed a decrease of St or GPM, GM and LPM. LTM did not decrease with increasing conceptional age. The differences of decreasing tendency among these movements may indicate the differences of maturational changes in the different part of CNS. PMID- 7316095 TI - Febrile convulsions and rolandic discharges. AB - Clinical and electroencephalographic assessments were performed on 39 children with febrile convulsions showing EEG evidence of rolandic discharges and 23 epileptic children showing rolandic discharges with a preceding history of febrile convulsions. Ten families in which EEGs from the proband and his (or her) sibling or cousin demonstrated rolandic discharges were also described. The results of these studies stress a close genetic relationship between febrile convulsions with rolandic discharges and focal seizures or generalized convulsions that occur during sleep, namely, benign epilepsy of childhood with rolandic discharges. This indicates that the febrile convulsions with rolandic discharges constitute a particular subtype of febrile convulsions. PMID- 7316096 TI - Quantitative histological study in the sural nerves of children. AB - Measurements have been made of the diameters of both myelinated and ummyelinated fibers in the sural nerves obtained at autopsy from 10 children without neurological disorders. The distributions of the myelinated fiber diameters were unimodal, except for two cases in which showed bimodal patterns as seen in adults. The second peak in bimodal histograms may appear around age 2 years. The densities of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers were calculated in the same nerves. The fascicular areas of the same nerves were also measured. The densities of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, and the estimated numbers of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers showed a tendency toward decrease, but the fascicular areas did a tendency to increase with aging. Although a definite proposal regarding the correlation cannot be made at present, it is interesting that the ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated fibers decreases with age. This tendency may be related to development of myelination. PMID- 7316097 TI - Congenital hydrocephalus and clasped thumbs: two cases of brothers in a family. AB - Two cases of brothers with congenital hydrocephalus and clasped thumbs are reported. In consideration of the rare incidence of sporadic congenital hydrocephalus, hereditary origin of these cases based on X-linked recessive inheritance was suspected. Serial sectioning of the brain stem revealed stenosis and abnormal dorso-ventral elongation of the aqueduct. These findings support the postulation of Landrieu et al that the primary defect in X-linked hereditary hydrocephalus is a communicating hydrocephalus leading usually to aqueductal stenosis in consequence of lateral compression of the brain stem. PMID- 7316098 TI - Antigens Common to Scabies and House dust Mites. AB - Twenty-five antigens were demonstrated in a crude Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) extract by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), using a rabbit anti-DF serum. With the same antiserum, four antigens were demonstrated in a scabies mite preparations, indicating an immunological relationship between these scabies antigens and some of the DF antigens. In tandem CIE experiments the DF antigens were found to be partly identical to three of the scabies antigens. No IgE activity against any of these scabies antigens was evident in pooled sera from patients with house dust mite allergy by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. However, one such patient had IgE antibodies to a DF antigen and a partial identical scabies antigen. PMID- 7316099 TI - Automated measurement of human basophil degranulation. AB - Basophils disappear after challenge with specific antigen. A human basophil degranulation test has been carried out on a slide using an enriched cell suspension. On each slide, the same volume of cell suspension was deposited in wells with antigen diluted in buffer or with buffer only (control). The basophil count was made on an equal number of randomly distributed microscopic fields either by eye (optical) or by image analyser (automatic). In 33 subjects, the correlation coefficient between the numbers of non-degranulated basophils counted by eye and by image-analyser on control wells was found to be r-0.91, p less than 10-8. In 12 patients (6 with hydatidosis and 6 with schistosomiasis), the percentage of degranulation with three antigen dilutions was measured. The correlation between the results obtained by eye and by image-analyser reached 0.76 (p less than 10-7). The authors now use the automated measurement of human basophil degranulation routinely. PMID- 7316100 TI - Dependence of immediate hypersensitivity in the adolescent period on factors encountered in infancy. AB - 708 unselected adolescents 15-17 years old were studied. They were physically examined, interviewed and skin prick tested with 12 common allergens. Questionnaires were distributed to the adolescents and their parents to investigate past and present symptoms and environmental influences. Emphasis was on the first year of life. Exposition to allergens (pollens and cat epithelium) during the first 6 months of life, eczema during the first year of life, and atopic heredity were found to be major risk factors in the development of positive skin tests and respiratory allergy apparent in the teenage period. Infection and wheezing during the first year of life were also risk factors, but less important. PMID- 7316101 TI - Selective suppression of antibody production with the aid of radiolabelled birch pollen allergen. AB - In accordance with the clonal selection theory we intended to prevent the development of artificially induced birch pollen allergy in rabbits with the aid of the radiolabelled pollen allergen (75-1000 microCi125 I-pollen/animal) intravenously administered prior to pollen sensitization. The birch pollen allergen, is accordance with Burnet's working hypothesis, reacts only with a genetically determining B cell subpopulation. The fixation of the radiolabelled birch pollen allergen to the receptors of the competent B cell clone causes the lesion of the latter. Compared with the control group, this group of rabbits showed an extensive suppression of anaphylactic reagin-like PCA-antibodies, and haemagglutinating antibodies in the blood as well as in nasal secretion. In addition, we tried to influence the already ongoing synthesis of the antibodies with the aid of subsequent intravenously administered radiolabelled birch pollen allergen (750-100 microCi 125 I-pollen/animal). An intensive suppression of the synthesis of antibodies could also be proved in this case. The simultaneous immunization of the control rabbits with birch pollen and egg albumin resulted in the production of antibodies against both antigens, as expected. The hot-labelled birch pollen antigen intravenously injected before or after immunization with egg albumin and birch pollen led selectively to suppression of anti-birch-pollen PCA antibodies. The synthesis of anti-egg albumin PCA antibodies was unaffected. PMID- 7316102 TI - ECG ink as a cause of asthma. PMID- 7316103 TI - Exposure to fungi in modern homes. PMID- 7316105 TI - Immunotherapy with major allergens of timothy grass pollen. PMID- 7316104 TI - Evaluation of laboratory tests in childhood allergy. Total serum IgE, blood eosinophilia and eosinophil and mast cells in nasal mucosa of 178 children aged 3 years. AB - The diagnosis of atopic disease is often difficult in small children because of differences in symptoms and lack of specific and reliable laboratory tests. We evaluated the significance of four commonly used laboratory tests--blood eosinophil count, total serum IgE, and eosinophil and mast cells in the nasal smear--as indicators of atopy in 178 children aged 3 years. The children were followed from birth and examined at the age of 3 years. Symptoms of immediate hypersensitivity including atopic dermatitis, food allergy and pollen or animal allergy were recorded. Severe or obvious atopy correlated with the highest levels of serum IgE. A total serum IgE level higher than 150 U/ml was found to be strongly suggestive of atopic disease. A blood eosinophil count higher than 600 X 10(9)/l as well as an increased number of eosinophil and mast cells in the nasal smear were associated with atopy. On the other hand, normal levels of these laboratory tests did not exclude atopic disease. In other words, all of the tests were high in specificity, but low in sensitivity. Consequently, when small children's atopic disease is being diagnosed, emphasis can be laid on the elevated levels of serum total IgE, blood eosinophil count and eosinophil and mast cells in the nasal smear, all of which separately, but especially together, give valuable information on atopy. PMID- 7316106 TI - Allergic rhinitis in Danish general practice. Prevalence and consultation rates. AB - The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and the consultation rate caused by this disease were studied in 131 general practices covering a population of 450,000 persons in Denmark. During a 1-year period starting June 1977 all consultations with or without symptoms were recorded. Allergic rhinitis was defined as paroxysmal sneezing and rhinorrhoea with or without conjunctivitis, and without signs of infection. Results are presented from three groups of practices classified by self-estimated completeness of reporting. 11--15 per thousand of the total population contacted a practice during the 1-year period (males: 12- 17%, females: 10--13%). The highest prevalence rate occurred at 10--19 years of age, and allergic rhinitis was common from five to 44 years of age. The prevalence rate was higher among males up to the age of 30, after which age it was a little higher among females. About two-thirds of the patients consulting had at least one consultation per year with symptoms present. The number of contacts came to 4.4 per patient per year and 20--25% of these were with symptoms. PMID- 7316107 TI - Idiosyncrasy to pyrazolone drugs. AB - Studies carried out in 68 patients with idiosyncratic reactions to noramidopyrine and/or aminophenazone led to distinction of two different groups. In the first group: 1) noramidopyrine, aminophenazone, phenylbutazone and sulfinpyrazone as well as several other inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, including aspirin, precipitated bronchoconstriction; 2) skin tests with pyrazolone drugs were virtually negative; 3) all patients had chronic asthma. In the second group: 1) noramidopyrine and aminophenazone induced anaphylactic shock and/or urticaria; 2) skin tests with these drugs were highly positive; 3) phenylbutazone, sulfinpyrazone and several other cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including aspirin, could be taken with impunity; 4) chronic bronchial asthma was present in only one fourth of the patients. We suggest that the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the idiosyncratic reactions involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the first group, and allergic reactions in the second group. Distinction of these two groups is of clinical importance since in individual patients it gives insight into the safe administration of pyrazolone and aspirin-like drugs. PMID- 7316108 TI - The importance of ventilation in exercise-induced asthma. AB - The degree of post treadmill-running decrease in pulmonary function (Exercise Induced Asthma) in 11 adult asthmatics was compared with the decrease in pulmonary function followed by resting isocapnic hyperventilation. It was checked that ventilation during the hyperventilation was kept identical to the ventilation during treadmill-running by continuous recording of respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, tidal volume and accumulated ventilation. The temperature of the inspired air was identical in the two situations and the relative humidity was 40% during treadmill-running and 15% during hyperventilation. The average accumulated ventilation during treadmill-running and hyperventilation was 411 1/6 min in both events. The decrease in peak expiratory flow after treadmill-running was 25% and after isocapnic hyperventilation 24%. It is concluded that the ventilation is of more importance for the decrease in pulmonary function after exercise, than the work load. PMID- 7316109 TI - Children's atopy and mastocytosis in the nasal smear. AB - Nasal secretion samples from 473 children aged 0--15 years were studied in order to evaluate the role of mast cells in the nasal smear in different types of atopy and food allergy. The occurrence of eosinophils in the nasal secretion and in the blood, and susceptibility to upper respiratory infection were recorded. A mast cell count of more than 20 cells per slide was indicative of atopy and there was a clear correlation between eosinophilia and mastocytosis in the nasal smear. No type of allergy seemed to be significantly predominant in the total material, but in young children aged 0--3 years mastocytosis was clearly related to food allergy. The examination of nasal smears for mast cells is a valuable test in diagnosing atopy in children and especially food allergy among young children. However, the test is not reliable enough to be used as a single screening test. PMID- 7316110 TI - Prolactin and contact sensitivity. AB - Hypophysectomized (Hypo-X) rats did not develop contact dermatitis in response to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Syngeneic pituitary grafts placed under the kidney capsule or daily treatment with prolactin restored the DNCB-reactivity of Hypo-X animals. Combined treatment with other pituitary hormones was ineffective. Treatment of normal rats with a potent prolactin antagonist drug, bromocriptine, was as effective in inhibiting contact sensitivity as was hypophysectomy. These results indicate the contact sensitivity is a prolactin dependent reaction. PMID- 7316111 TI - Horse dander allergens in a house dust mite extract. PMID- 7316112 TI - Salbutamol powder inhalation for bronchial asthma. PMID- 7316113 TI - [Time's arrow and symmetry in Nature]. PMID- 7316115 TI - [Our experiences in the immunological problems of hepatitis B]. PMID- 7316114 TI - [Medical intervention in the field of human reproduction]. PMID- 7316117 TI - [Failing fathers: a condition for hebephrenia]. PMID- 7316116 TI - [Psychiatrists confronting the rights of man]. PMID- 7316118 TI - Cryoanalgesia. The application of low temperatures to nerves to produce anaesthesia or analgesia. AB - The introduction of cryoanalgesia has reawakened interest in the therapeutic use of cold as a means of producing pain relief. The historical background to both local cooling and nerve freezing is recorded and the advances since the introduction of cryoprobes in 1961 are described. The possible mechanisms of freeze damage, the physical changes occurring in tissues as a result of ice crystal formation and the influence of the probe design on the size of individual cryolesions are all discussed. Gas expansion cryoprobes are described and the application of nerve freezing in the control of both post operative and chronic pain reported. PMID- 7316119 TI - Nitrous oxide elimination by the newborn. AB - The elimination of nitrous oxide by ten infants whose mothers had received 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and enflurane 0.6-1% during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section was studied. The concentration of nitrous oxide detected in end expired gas ranged from 1 to 4 vol% (mean 1.9 vol%). These levels are too low to produce significant diffusion hypoxia in vigorous neonates. However, a minority of infants may be adversely affected and it is recommended that oxygen-enriched air be administered to infants whose mothers have received nitrous oxide. PMID- 7316120 TI - Career opportunities in anaesthesia for doctors with domestic commitments. A report of a working party. AB - The position of doctors with domestic commitments (DDCs) at present training in the specialty of anaesthesia in the British National Health Service is considered and proposals are made for their future employment in career grades. PMID- 7316121 TI - Fat embolism in Eisenmenger syndrome. AB - A case of fat embolism with known Eisenmenger syndrome is described, in whom the right-to-left shunt appeared to protect the patient from further hypoxaemia. The potential value of an intravenous filter to eliminate air in patients with reversed intracardiac shunts is noted. PMID- 7316122 TI - Postoperative analgesia using epidural methadone. Administration by the lumbar route for thoracic pain relief. AB - The effectiveness of methadone given postoperatively by the lumbar epidural route to patients following upper abdominal or thoracic surgery was assessed. Intermittent injections of methadone diluted in large volumes of normal saline were given during the first 48 hours after surgery. Pain relief was assessed by both the patient and an observer using a visual linear analogue scoring system. Methadone 4-5 mg in 18-20 ml normal provided good postoperative pain relief for 6 8 hours. PMID- 7316123 TI - An American approach to anaesthesia research and a British perspective. AB - The organisation of research in the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Michigan is described and the comments of a British Senior Registrar working within the system are recorded. PMID- 7316124 TI - Intravenous regional analgesia using bupivacaine. PMID- 7316125 TI - Are trichloroethylene vaporisers accurate? PMID- 7316126 TI - [Multiphasic neuromuscular blockade during and following regional application of succinylcholine in man (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of the isolated arm technique on the development of the neuromuscular block induced by succinylcholine (suxamethonium) was investigated in 11 anesthetized patients using the adductor pollicis twitch method. A multiphasic course was shown: phase A (=occlusionphase) during ischemia; phases B1 and B2 (=post occlusion phases) after restoring circulation. The mean maximal depression of control twitch height increased from 60.4% in phase A to 75.2% in phase B1 and on up to 96.4% in phase B2. The mean onset time from releasing the tourniquet to first depression of twitch height amounted to 4.9 s in phase B1 and 27.8 s in phase B2. The multiphasic course is interpretated as the consequence of a temporary disequilibrium of muscle perfusion with the regional method. A neuromuscular effect after opening the tourniquet was evident in 3 out of 8 simultaneous studies on the control arm. An abnormal myotonic reaction was observed repeatedly in 1 patient.U PMID- 7316127 TI - [Leakage of irrigating solution during transurethral prostatectomy. An impedance cardiography study (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the incorporation of irrigating solution during transurethral prostatectomy on the pulmonary and cardiovascular system. In 16 patients the changes of thoracic ground impedance were compared with those of the central venous pressure. Myocardial function was evaluated semiquantitatively by use of the systolic time intervals and pulmonary gas exchange by arterial blood gas analysis. There was a significant correlation between the increase of central venous pressure and the decrease of thoracic ground impedance. There was also a significant increase of the relation of pre ejection period (PEP) to left ventricular ejection time (LVET) meaning an impairment of myocardial function, an increase of cardiac output, and a severe decrease of arterial oxygen pressure. The influence of the incorporation of irrigating solution on the pulmonary and cardiovascular system is discussed, the noninvasive character and simplicity of handling the impedance cardiography is pointed out, and the possibilities of monitoring critically ill patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy by this method is demonstrated. PMID- 7316128 TI - [Systolic time intervals during increasing left ventricular filling pressure following extracorporeal circulation. A comparative impedance-cardiographical study (author's transl)]. AB - In 26 patients invasively measured haemodynamic parameters and impedance cardiographically determined systolic time intervals have been compared after open heart surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass (aortic valve replacement, AVR (n = 7); mitral valve replacement, MVR (n = 7); aorto-coronary bypass, ACB (n = 10)). In both the AVR and ACB group an increase of left atrial pressure resulted in 1) a significant increase of left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), 2) a significant decrease of the relation of the pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), and 3) a significant increase of cardiac output (thermodilution technique and impedance cardiography), whereas no significant alterations were found in the MVR group. Furthermore cardiac output determination using both the direct thermodilution technique and the indirect impedance method revealed a close correlation (n = 63, range cardiac output 1.5 12.51/min, r = 0.852). These data clearly demonstrate the utility of the non invasive impedance cardiography method compared with invasive methods with respect to measurement of cardiac and haemodynamic parameters, even in critical situations. PMID- 7316129 TI - [The QT-interval during "pressure-autotransfusion" with heparin and citrate (author's transl)]. AB - Nine anaesthetized, splenectomized dogs, heparinized with 300 IU/kg heparin i.v. had one tenth of their blood volume returned to them by autotransfusion under pressure. The blood was mixed with 1:5 0,9% NaCl for the "Heparin Autotransfusion", and with 1:5 ACD-B or CPD-stabilisor for the "Citrate Autotransfusion". The blood was removed from an opening made in the left renal artery, and autotransfused with the Bentley-System. A Stathem-Element was used to monitor the aortic pressure and the tracing obtained was divided into four phases: V is at the end of the blood loss before autotransfusion, G is at the peak, S is at the trough and ST is at the phase when the aortic pressure becomes stable. In these four phases the heart rate was also measured in the normal way using needle electrodes in the extremities. Following the method of Colletti the QT intervals of the ECG (RR, QoTc, QTc, SaTc, SoTc) were measured. Immediately after the blood loss (phase V) we found no alteration in the heart rate, depolarisation, isoelectric phase or repolarisation of myocardium. In phase G during the increase in blood volume, the heart rate slowed slightly, but the QT interval was unchanged. In the following phase S, during Heparin-Autotransfusion the heart rate was slightly reduced whilst the ECG remained unchanged. During Citrate-Autotransfusion there was a reduction in heart rate, and a corresponding prolongation of the QTc and QoTc, significantly, without any relationship to the infused dose of citrate. The prolongation of the SaTc and especially of the SoTc correlated directly with the infused dose of citrate. In phase ST using CPD only SaTc and SoTc were prolonged. PMID- 7316130 TI - [Changes in plasma zinc under anesthesia and surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Postoperative hypozincemia is a common finding and may be interpreted as ACTH induced dissociation of zinc from the albumin fraction in plasma. Due to the high protein-bound fraction of zinc in plasma rapidly developing hypozincemia may be caused by dilution of plasma proteins. This may be roughly checked by dividing plasma zinc concentration by plasma protein concentration. By this means we observed that in middle ear surgery and in laparotomies under NLA during anesthesia and surgery there is no evidence for dissociation of zinc from plasma proteins. This probably stress-induced phenomenon was, however, already seen in the first postoperative hour after laparotomies. During anesthesia and surgery we observed a profound increase in renal zinc excretion, the cause of which in unknown. PMID- 7316131 TI - [Postoperative analgesia with epidural morphine injection after urologic operations (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven patients were given morphine 5 mg via an epidural catheter to provide analgesia after urologic surgery. Morphine levels were determined in serum and urine by radioimmunoassay. Cardiovascular reactions (heart rate, blood pressure) and arterial pO2 were recorded. Analgesia ensued very rapidly and lasted 29 hours on the average. For 4 hours after epidural administration, the serum morphine levels were within the range required for analgesia after intravenous injection. Side effects on the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system were not observed. Epidural morphine application is recommended as a good method for postoperative analgesia. PMID- 7316132 TI - [Nitrous oxide induced intraluminal tube obstruction during endotracheal intubation with armored tubes (author's transl)]. AB - As demonstrated by a case report, dangerous obstruction of armoured endotracheal tubes may occur when using nitrous oxide during anaesthesia. This is based on N2O diffusion into preexisting air bubbles of the inner part of the tube wall with consequent enhancement of the bubble volume. The bubbles in the tube wall arise during production as well as during resterilisation. Avoidance of resterilisation and meticulous examination of endotracheal armoured tubes should prevent the described complication. PMID- 7316133 TI - [Loosening of the inner layer of corrugated breathing tubes (author's transl)]. AB - We report a rare complication of loosening of the inner layer of the respirator tubing. The possibly effects deleterious are described. The search for the cause of obstruction was very difficult. PMID- 7316134 TI - ["Intravascular volume effects of intravenous administration of 40% sorbitol solution"]. PMID- 7316135 TI - An evaluation of blood pressure measurement. AB - The accuracy of routine measurements by nursing staff of systemic arterial, central venous, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures was determined. There was a significant difference between direct mean arterial blood pressure measurements and routine indirect measurements by the nursing staff in the pressure range of 50--100 mmHg, whereas there was no significant difference between direct and indirect measurements when indirect measurements were made by specially trained hypertension clinic personnel. However, there was a good correlation between direct and indirect measurements in each instance, indicating that changes in blood pressure could be adequately followed by both groups. Systems commonly used to measure blood pressure directly were tested. Limits in frequency response preclude the routine direct measurement of systolic or diastolic blood pressures. If direct systolic and diastolic pressure measurements are required, it is necessary to check the performance of the amplifier and recording system, attach the transducer to the patient, and determine and adjust, if necessary, the natural frequency and damping coefficient of each system before each measurement. However, it is suggested that a knowledge of systolic and diastolic pressure measurements seldom improves patient management, and if mean pressures are accepted, reliable routine measurements may be obtained by the nursing staff. The digital display of the systems tested may be accepted for mean arterial pressure, but for accurate mean central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurements, it is necessary to interpret the trace on a chart recorder; pulmonary artery pressure can often only be estimated. PMID- 7316136 TI - Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference: a critical look. AB - By rearranging the terms of the pulmonary shunt equation the physiological factors affecting alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference can be examined. The effect of the inspired oxygen fraction and haemoglobin concentration are illustrated. It is demonstrated that there is an important cardiac output dependent term which has considerable effect. Therefore the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference cannot be used as a reliable measure of pulmonary function. This is illustrated with data from two case histories. PMID- 7316138 TI - Option term in anaesthetics for medical students. PMID- 7316137 TI - Disposable condenser humidifiers in intensive care. AB - Two disposable condenser humidifiers were evaluated in nine ventilated intensive care patients. The Portex "Humid Vent" delivered end-inspired absolute humidities of 22--26.3 g/m3 at end-inspired temperatures of 27--28.3 degrees C. Corresponding humidities and temperatures with the Servo "Humidifier 150" were higher and were constant, at 27.7--29 g/m3 and 29.3--29.7 degrees C respectively. These disposable devices can be used for humidification in intensive care, but only for patients breathing room air, or on a short term basis. PMID- 7316139 TI - Fresh blood by direct transfusion for haemostatic failure in massive haemorrhage. PMID- 7316140 TI - Toxic shock syndrome -- some new features. AB - A thirty-year-old female presented with a high fever, conjunctivitis, confusion, vomiting, watery diarrhoea, diffuse erythroderma, shock and oliguric renal failure. Staphylococcus aureus phage 29/52 (Group 1) was isolated from a high vaginal swab. In addition to all the previously reported features which defined toxic shock syndrome, there were pustular skin vesicles, altered red cell morphology, and severe myocardial involvement. Treatment with fluid replacement, cloxacillin, haemodialysis, positive inotropic agents, and supportive measures resulted in a full recovery. PMID- 7316141 TI - Intradermal drug testing following anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia. AB - Intradermal testing of intravenous anaesthetic drugs was performed on 34 patients following acute anaphylactoid reactions during anaesthesia. Twenty-three patients had positive skin tests and 18 of these were positive for a single drug. Muscle relaxants were the drugs implicated most commonly. Intradermal testing is safe and provides useful and often specific positive information, but false-negative results probably occur. PMID- 7316142 TI - Subtotal spinal anaesthesia as a complication of intrathoracic intercostal nerve blocks. PMID- 7316143 TI - Case report: a complication with intravenous anaesthesia in a patient with auto erythrocyte sensitisation syndrome (painful bruising syndrome). PMID- 7316144 TI - Case report: intravenous anaesthesia using Althesin in a patient with dystrophia myotonica. PMID- 7316145 TI - Apparatus misconnection: Mapleson D systems and scavenging. PMID- 7316146 TI - Ignition capabilities of laryngoscopes. PMID- 7316147 TI - Slow intravenous infusion of drugs. PMID- 7316148 TI - Hazard of subclavian needle. PMID- 7316149 TI - Temperature regulation during surgery. PMID- 7316150 TI - Cardiac effects of electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 7316151 TI - Betadine burn. PMID- 7316152 TI - Epidural pethidine. PMID- 7316153 TI - An interesting family of ten! PMID- 7316154 TI - Rat intestinal calcium-binding protein: rapid purification with AG MP-1 ion exchange chromatography. PMID- 7316155 TI - Measurement of aspartylglucosamine in physiological fluids with an amino acid analyzer: fused peak analysis with dual photometers. PMID- 7316156 TI - High-resolution analysis of physiological amino acids and related compounds in ten-microliter samples of guinea pig perilymph by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7316157 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the determination of fibronectin levels in plasma. PMID- 7316158 TI - Quantitative determination of amino acid racemization in heat--alkali-treated melanotropins: implications for peptide hormone structure--function studies. PMID- 7316159 TI - Solvent focusing for rapid and sensitive quantification of total lipids on Chromarods. PMID- 7316160 TI - Hyperlipidemic rabbit serum reduces recovery of acidic glycosaminoglycans from tissue culture medium. PMID- 7316161 TI - Measurement of ionized magnesium in biological fluids. PMID- 7316162 TI - Affinity chromatographic isolation of calmodulin from bovine-brain acetone powder. PMID- 7316163 TI - A microcomputer-based controller for amino acid analyzers. PMID- 7316164 TI - Use of N-ethylmaleimide to prevent interference by sulfhydryl reagents with the glucose oxidase assay for glucose. PMID- 7316165 TI - Detection of glutathione S-transferase isozymes after electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7316166 TI - Purification of human fibrinopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7316167 TI - A volatile liquid chromatography system for nucleotides. PMID- 7316168 TI - A single-vial biphasic liquid extraction assay for choline acetyltransferase using [3H]choline. PMID- 7316169 TI - A rapid and convenient method for preparing salt-free [gamma-32P]ATP. PMID- 7316170 TI - A small-volume electrophoretic concentrator. PMID- 7316171 TI - A rapid and highly sensitive method of identifying lymphocyte hybridomas by electrophoresis of glucose-phosphate isomerase isozymes. PMID- 7316172 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of the naturally occurring folic acid monoglutamate derivatives. PMID- 7316173 TI - Phenyl--Sepharose chromatography of membrane proteins solubilized in Triton X 100. PMID- 7316174 TI - A simple modified carbodiimide method for conjugation of small-molecular-weight compounds to immunoglobulin G with minimal protein crosslinking. PMID- 7316175 TI - Measurement of intracellular collagen degradation. PMID- 7316176 TI - The determination of O6-methyl- and 7-methylguanine in mouse liver DNA from dimethylnitrosamine-treated mice by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection. PMID- 7316177 TI - An NMR probe for the study of aerobic suspensions of cells and organelles. PMID- 7316178 TI - A method for rapid quantitation and preparation of antithrombin III--high affinity heparin fractions. PMID- 7316179 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography and sensitive detection of amino acids derivatized with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. PMID- 7316180 TI - Gas--liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of methylated and acetylated methyl glycosides. Application to the structural analysis of glycoprotein glycans. PMID- 7316181 TI - Purification and characterization of glutathione reductase from calf liver. An improved procedure for affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose 4B. PMID- 7316182 TI - Microcomputer interface for computer-assisted enzyme kinetic studies with UV--VIS spectrophotometers. PMID- 7316184 TI - Elimination of thiol reagent interference during Lowry protein determination. PMID- 7316183 TI - Continuous fluorometric assay of phospholipase A2 with pyrene-labeled lecithin as a substrate. PMID- 7316185 TI - An improved method for the preparation of renaturable apohemoglobin chains. PMID- 7316186 TI - Iodination of proteins, glycoproteins, and peptides using a solid-phase oxidizing agent, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha,6 alpha-diphenyl glycoluril (Iodogen). PMID- 7316187 TI - Quantitative monitoring of solid-phase peptide synthesis by the ninhydrin reaction. PMID- 7316188 TI - A simple stopped-flow temperature-jump apparatus. PMID- 7316189 TI - Microdetermination of galactose and galactose 1-phosphate in dried blood spots. PMID- 7316190 TI - Simultaneous analysis of pipecolic acid with proline in the brain by selected ion monitoring technique. PMID- 7316191 TI - The separation and determination of thiamine and its phosphate esters in brain. PMID- 7316192 TI - Purity of tritiated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: identification of [G-3H] 5,6-dihydrodibenz[a,h]anthracene as the major radioactive component in commercial [G-3H]dibenz[a,h]anthracene. PMID- 7316193 TI - Separation of aldehydes and ketones by chromatography on Dowex-50 in the ethylenediamine form. PMID- 7316194 TI - Measurement of metabolic intermediates using a bichromatic analyzer. PMID- 7316195 TI - Purification of phytochrome by Affi-Gel Blue chromatography; an effect of lumichrome on purified phytochrome. PMID- 7316196 TI - Detection of cytochrome f, a c-class cytochrome, with diaminobenzidine polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 7316197 TI - A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human immunoglobulin E: comparison of microtiter plate and disk methodologies. PMID- 7316198 TI - Reconstitution of membranes with fractions of triton X-100 which are easily removed. PMID- 7316199 TI - Rapid sampling method for measuring uptake of small molecules by cultured cell monolayers. PMID- 7316200 TI - N,N-Bis(alpha-iodoacetyl)-2,2'-dithiobis(ethylamine), a reversible crosslinking reagent for protein sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 7316201 TI - Detection of phosphate esters on chromatograms: an improved reagent. PMID- 7316202 TI - Evaluation of the enzyme thermistor as a specific detector for chromatographic procedures. PMID- 7316203 TI - Characterization of a new sulfhydryl group reagent: 6, 6'-diselenobis-(3 nitrobenzoic acid), a selenium analog of Ellman's reagent. PMID- 7316205 TI - Ascorbate electrode for determination of L-ascorbic acid in food. PMID- 7316204 TI - Neutral carrier based ion-selective electrode for the determination of total calcium in blood serum. PMID- 7316206 TI - Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of aflatoxins and related mycotoxins. PMID- 7316207 TI - Determination of arsenic and selenium in water, fish, and sediments by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry. PMID- 7316208 TI - Microprocessor-controlled determination of fluoride in environmental and biological samples by a method of standard additions with a fluoride ion selective electrode. PMID- 7316209 TI - Polyatomic interferences in high-resolution secondary ion mass spectra of biological tissues. PMID- 7316210 TI - Analysis of urine for parts-per-trillion levels of aromatic diamines with capillary gas chromatography and selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry. PMID- 7316211 TI - Determination of total arsenic in biological samples by arsine generation and atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 7316212 TI - Determination of metal chelates by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and applications to biological materials. PMID- 7316213 TI - Neutral carrier based hydrogen ion selective microelectrode for extra- and intracellular studies. PMID- 7316215 TI - Determination of N-nitroso-N-methylaniline in whole blood, serum, and urine. PMID- 7316214 TI - Radioassay of americium or curium in biological material by isooctyl acid phosphate solvent extraction and alpha liquid scintillation counting. PMID- 7316216 TI - Simultaneous determination of eight trace elements in human skin by instrumental neutron-activation analysis. PMID- 7316217 TI - Report prepared by the Medicinal Additives in Animal Feeds Sub-Committee (A). Determination of pyrimethamine in animal feeds. PMID- 7316218 TI - Indirect spectrophotometric determination of iodide in table salts and pharmaceutical products. PMID- 7316219 TI - The first appearance of the human nervous system at stage 8. AB - Eleven embryos of stage 8 (18 days), including a set of twins, were studied in detail and graphic reconstructions were prepared. This is the first report based on more than two specimens, as well as the first account of embryos of excellent histological quality at this developmental stage. Detailed measurements of the embryos are provided. It is found that the neural groove, which is the first morphological manifestation of the nervous system, is present in one quarter of embryos of stage 8. The neural folds are very largely cerebral rather than spinal. Correlations with other developmental features suggest that the neural groove is seen only when a certain degree of size and maturity has been reached by embryos of this important stage. PMID- 7316222 TI - The placenta of the pig. II. The ultrastructure of the areolae. AB - The ultrastructure of the areolae in the porcine placenta is described. The areolae occur on day 30 of pregnancy as dome-shaped formation over the openings of the uterine glands. The lumen of the areolae is filled with the secretions of the uterine glands, the so-called histiotroph. The areolae lining epithelium is high collumnar, possessing long microvilli, a well-developed apical tubular system and numerous coated vesicles. This indicates that the epithelium has a high absorptive capacity. Our histochemical investigations reveal a high content of glycoproteins within the areolar lumen. The importance of one of the glycoprotein components of the histiotroph, uteroferrin, is discussed in connection with iron transfer from mother to the fetus. PMID- 7316221 TI - The origin of the acetylcholinesterase-rich afferents to layer IV of infant somatosensory cortex. A histochemical analysis following lesions. AB - In this histochemical study, possible origins of the acetylcholinesterase-rich inputs to the barrel field of somatosensory cortex (SmI) were examined. Rats were studied between 6 and 16 days of age when acetylcholinesterase (AChE) positivity is readily detectable in the barrel centers. The experiments involved making lesions in either the ventrobasal thalamus or midbrain and noting the effects on AChE staining in SmI. Also, the results of destroying the large mystacial vibrissae at birth and 6 days of age were histochemically evaluated. Thalamic lesions eliminated most of the AChE positivity in layer IV but midbrain hemisection had no detectable effect. Destruction of the contralateral vibrissae, at birth, altered the pattern of AChE staining of the barrel field. Vibrissal damage at 6 days of age did not result in a noticeable alteration in staining of the barrel centers for AChE. We conclude that the AChE-positive barrel afferents are likely to originate from the ventrobasal complex. PMID- 7316224 TI - The development of the thalamic projections to layer I of the visual cortex of the rat. PMID- 7316223 TI - Peripheral avian yolk assemblage and its persistence in the blastoderm, studied by trypan blue-induced fluorescence. AB - Shortly after subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of nontoxic quantities of trypan blue into laying Japanese quails, red fluorescent yolk granules appear in the peripheral ooplasm of their oocytes at the end of the lampbrush stage or subsequently. Later a red fluorescence can be observed in the apical cytoplasm of the granulosa cells. The results obtained by this method confirm our previous results (Callebaut 1979) obtained by autoradiography after 3H-leucine administration and furnish interesting additional data. The trypan blue-induced fluorescence method gives a good indication of the permeability of the oocytal cortex and its derivative the germinal disc. The avian yolk which is, or has been peripherally assembled (primordial, true white and yellow yolk) can be characteristically labelled by the administration of trypan blue. The injection of higher, still nontoxic quantities of trypan blue has a prolonged "retarding" effect and permits the marking of a broader part of the germinal disc or eventually of the blastoderm which develops from it. PMID- 7316220 TI - Synaptic reorganization in the rabbit hippocampus after lesion of commissural afferents. PMID- 7316227 TI - Shunting in renal microvasculature of the rat: a scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts. AB - We reinvestigated the still controversial existence of arterial pathways by passing glomeruli within kidneys of rats from weaning to more than 12 months old (i.e., body weight ranging from 39 g to 643 g). For this purpose, the arterial injection of microspheres 7.5 micrometer to 17 micrometer in diameter was combined to corrosion-replication of the arterial bed of a vasodilated perfused kidney preparation. This procedure allowed easy detection of arterial by-passes with light microscope and detailed observation with scanning electron microscope. Our results clearly demonstrate the existence of various categories of arterial by-passes throughout renal cortex regardless of age. Some of them had never been described before. These vascular by-passes were found with increased frequency from superficial to juxtamedullary cortex. In the latter area, frequency was not age-dependent, and approximately 10% (range 4-22%) of juxtamedullary glomeruli were involved. Data derived from previous microsphere studies would suggest that these structures are (partially) nonfunctioning in basal physiological conditions, but more information is needed to assess their possible functional role in the rat. PMID- 7316225 TI - A quantitative study of the position of the Golgi apparatus in the early developing chick eye. AB - A quantitative evaluation of the positional changes of the Golgi apparatus during the invagination of the lens placode and the presumptive neural retina of the chick embryo was carried out by silver impregnation. The Golgi apparatus is predominantly polarized in the apical process of the elongated interphasic cells; however, basal and lateral positions are also present. When the nuclei are located close to the luminal surface, basal and lateral positions increase significantly showing that a loss of Golgi apparatus polarization takes place, associated with the mitotic cycle. At the beginning of the invagination of lens and neural retina rudiments, a marked shift in orientation occurs between lateral and apical positions of the Golgi apparatus; this is associated with the nuclei located close to the luminal surface. The possible significance of these results is related to some processes concerning the invagination of these rudiments, such as interkinetic nuclear migration and secretion of extracellular materials. PMID- 7316226 TI - Electron microscopic studies of rat sperm heads treated with urea, dithiothreitol, and micrococcal nuclease. AB - Urea and dithiothreitol can decondense the chromatin in some of rat sperm heads. By this treatment, we have observed that in the nuclei of rat sperm the chromatin is organized into two morphologically distinct portions, namely: the compact chromatin rods of about 450 to 1,000 A thick, and the interlacing fibers about 250-290 A in thickness. When these treated sperm are further digested with micrococcal nuclease, the small fibers disappear, whereas the chromatin rods are still present in the "urea-nuclease pellet." From the available evidence, we suggest that the chromatin rods represent the highly packed nucleoprotamine, whereas the small fibers represent the more loosely organized nucleohistone. PMID- 7316229 TI - The isolation of a possible antagglutinin from human semen. AB - A substance, proteinaceous in nature, with an anti-agglutinic action on clumped sperm has been extracted from human semen. It appears to exist in two forms: an active reduced form and an inactive oxidised form. The protein was extracted from oxidised seminal plasma by salting with saturated ammonium sulphate. The extract was purified by preferential adsorption on a calcium carbonate column, the eluate being collected as fractions. The antagglutinin gave an extinction curve, as determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, similar to that as reported for the bull. Extraction recoveries, from semen stored frozen at different temperatures, indicate that the substance is possibly enzyme labile. An effect of the antagglutinin on clumped human sperm is illustrated. PMID- 7316228 TI - Changes in the surface morphologies of the cells in the bursa cloacalis (bursa of Fabricius) and thymus during ontogeny of the chick embryo. AB - Slices or sections through the bursa cloacalis and thymus of chick embryos at 7 21 days of incubation were observed by light and electron microscopy to determine whether major differences existed in the surface morphologies of lymphoid cells in these organs, and whether the surface morphologies of these cells changed during ontogeny. These organs were fixed concurrently and identically at each stage. The thymus was packed at all stages with spherical cells having fine structures characteristic of those of lymphoid cells. Many irregularly shaped, epithelial cell processes were present between lymphoid cells. The bursa contained many irregularly shaped stromal cells as well as spherical cells. The latter were few in number during early development, but became the predominant type of cell near the end of incubation. Spherical cells in the bursa consisted of three types based on fine structure: lymphoid cells, granulocytic cells, and cells which were probably precursors of granulocytic cells. Spherical cells in the bursa could not be classified into these three types by their surface morphologies, however, because the latter at any one stage of development were similar. At 7-8 days of incubation, spherical cells in the bursa could not be differentiated consistently from neighboring stromal cells by scanning electron microscopy alone, but by 9 days, spherical cells could be identified routinely by this method. At 9-10 days of incubation, only minor differences existed in the surface morphologies of the spherical cells in the bursa and thymus: Bursal cells displayed long, ridgelike processes, whereas thymic cells exhibited fine surface undulations and large blebs. At 11 days, the surfaces of the spherical cells in the bursa were covered by numerous short microvilli, but the surfaces of thymic cells were unchanged. Bursal cells retained their microvilli through 14 days of incubation, but between 15 and 21 days progressively lost their microvilli, becoming essentially bald near the end of this period. Likewise, thymic cells gradually lost their surface wrinkles and blebs. Near the time of hatching, both types of cells were smooth-surfaced and tightly packed, with individual cells assuming polyhedral configurations. PMID- 7316230 TI - Quantitative and ultrastructural study of germinal epithelium in testicular biopsies with "mixed atrophy". AB - In 17 cases of male sterility with so-called "mixed atrophy" in testicular biopsies, the germinal epithelium was investigated by quantitative as well as by ultrastructural means. In 13 cases, the number of spermatids only was reduced, in 2 cases earlier stages of germinal cells were diminished also. Normal quantitative data were found in biopsies of 2 patients. Among ultrastructural alterations various disturbances of the acrosome were dominant. Additional ultrastructural findings in spermatids included binucleate forms and lack of mitochondrial sheaths in the middle-piece. The largely uniform changes in the tunica propria (fibrosis of the innermost layers, extensive changes of the basement membrane) were considered to be at least one of the cofactors responsible for the alterations of the germinal epithelium. PMID- 7316231 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative studies on testicular tissue using semi-thin slides in patients with oligozoospermia. I. Data gathering, statistical evaluation and histological specimens]. PMID- 7316232 TI - The aldolase and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme patterns in a malignant testicular tumor from a 27 year old male. AB - On the basis of performed tests, we observed the change of pattern of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme in a malignant testicular tumor (only isoenzyme K) and the same isoenzyme in the tissue of other testis not being tumorously changed. In control group pyruvate kinase isoenzyme K and M was observed. Similarly, another pattern of aldolase isoenzymes in tumorous tissue was stated (AC) comparing with control group (arrangement AC, BC). The changes referred also to the activity of both examined enzymes in tumorous tissue and in the tissue of testis not being tumorously changed. The authors suggest the existence of a factor with depressor characteristics, which is produced by neoplasm and changes the function of genes that are responsible for synthesis examined isoenzymes in the tissue not being tumorously changed. PMID- 7316233 TI - ATP concentration of human spermatozoa: lack of correlation with sperm motility. AB - The primary source of energy for sperm motility is intracellular adenosine 5' triphosphate. We studied the relationship between the concentration of ATP and sperm motility in normal semen donors and in a series of male infertility patients. The ATP concentration was determined by the firefly luciferin luciferase assay, and sperm motility was quantitated by the turbidimetric method. Although the patient population demonstrated a significantly lower sperm motility than the donor population, we found no significant difference between the two groups in the intracellular concentration of ATP. Thus, the data indicate that the poor sperm motility observed in some of the patients' specimens was not associated with abnormally low levels of ATP. In separate experiments the intracellular concentration of ATP decreased gradually with time at approximately the same rate at which sperm motility declined. Both factors had decreased by 50% approximately 3 hours after collection. PMID- 7316234 TI - Causes and differentialdiagnosis of hematospermia. AB - The authors examined the most frequent causes of hematospermia on their clinical material. They describe--in the order of importance--the examinations needed to discover pathological diagnostics. They call the attention to the importance of differentiation of "clear" hematospermia and hemato-pyospermia and review the possible ways of therapy. PMID- 7316235 TI - Within-subject variability and the importance of abstinence period for sperm count, semen volume and pre-freeze and post-thaw motility. AB - The within-subject variability of semen sperm count (n), volume (v), total number of spermatozoa (N) and pre-freeze (mo) and post-thaw (m1) motility was studied on 564 ejaculates from 98 normal subjects after an abstinence ranging from 1 to 5 days. After logarithmic transformation of n, v and N, the within-subject variances for each variable were found to be similar for all subjects; the within subject centered distributions were nearly normal and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. These three variables appeared to increase linearly with the length of abstinence. For both mo and m1, the within-subject variances were also similar for all subjects and this without logarithmic transformation. Their respective within-subject centered distributions were normal; mo and m1 were not influenced by the length of abstinence during the period studied. PMID- 7316236 TI - The effect of tamoxifen on spermatogenesis in subfertile men. AB - Forty three subfertile male patients exhibiting a wide range of sperm counts received Tamoxifen (Nolvadex, I.C.I.) 20 mg daily for six months continuously; nine pregnancies resulted, a rate of 21 per cent. Although a significant improvement in sperm output occurred in three patients with initial sperm counts of less than 20 x 10(6)/ml the response was most marked in those with an initial count of less than 5 x 10(6)/ml and four pregnancies occurred in this latter group. Patients whose initial count was greater than 20 million per ml showed no significant response and four exhibited a steady fall in sperm output. No correlation was found between the response to treatment and basal serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and prolactin. Four markedly oligozoospermic patients with a significantly elevated FSH, normally associated with severe tubular dysfunction, showed a pronounced increase in sperm count. Seven patients (16 per cent) experienced minor side effects. PMID- 7316240 TI - Polymorphism of alkaline ribonuclease in the leucocytes of Black-and-White cattle. AB - Studies were carried out on the polymorphism of alkaline ribonuclease in Black and-White cattle in the north-eastern region of Poland. Leucocytes isolated from peripheral blood were used. Three phenotypes were defined, consisting of the combination of two alleles. The gene frequency was: qA = 0,7082, qB = 0,2918. In calves the frequency of allele RNA-aseB and number of RNA-aseA/RNA-aseB heterozygotes were higher than in adult animals. PMID- 7316238 TI - Histological and meiotic evaluation of infertile men. AB - A meiotic analysis in a group of 90 infertile men was carried out and also histological examination. In one third of patients there were no cells in divisions and Sertoli cells were only seen in most of them. In 30% of patients the process of spermatogenesis stopped at pachytene or between the first and second meiotic division. In 38% of patients all stages of spermatogenesis and of meiosis were present. Chromosomal translocations were detected in three patients in diakinesis. The testicular biopsy is an important tool in diagnosis and management of male infertility. The histological and meiotic investigations of the testicular tissue specimen give us the information obtainable in no other way. These both investigations are essential for prognosis and treatment of infertile men. PMID- 7316239 TI - Reproductive immunology: 1. The effect of different protein concentrations of seminal plasma on in vitro lymphocyte cultures. AB - Certain components of the male genital tract are capable of inhibiting the transformation rates of in vitro lymphocyte cultures. In the present study the effect of human seminal plasma was investigated for it inhibitory properties when used in varying protein concentrations together with different dilutions of Phytohaemagglutin-M (PHA-M). It is concluded that whole human seminal plasma is suitable in inhibition studies provided an optimal protein concentration is used. PMID- 7316237 TI - Motility and morphology of human spermatozoa in split ejaculates. AB - Sperm concentration and four motility characteristics (per cent motile spermatozoa, average velocity, average straight line approach and average speed constancy) were determined in three fractions of human split ejaculated from healthy volunteers. A semi-automatic analysis technique was used to determine sperm parameters from multiple exposure photographs (MEP). Sperm concentration and percentage motility were significantly higher in the first fraction as compared to the third fraction of split ejaculates. The average spermatozoal velocity, average speed constancy and average straight line approach were the same in all fractions. Differences in the percentage of motile spermatozoa were also found after collection of split ejaculates in culture medium. This phenomenon may have been caused by differences in sperm morphology. Significantly more normal spermatozoa were present in the first fractions of 19 split ejaculates as compared to the last fractions. PMID- 7316241 TI - A contribution to the D system in horses. AB - The inheritance of a new D system red cell antigen, factor 22, is described. It has also been possible to discriminate more efficiently between D system phenogroups enabling genotypes to be identified from phenotypes in the majority of cases. This improves the accuracy of animal identification and gene frequency estimates. PMID- 7316242 TI - Production of foetally stimulated lymphocytotoxic antibodies by multiparous cows. AB - Serum samples were collected monthly from second gestation cows and examined for the presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Of 25 cows studied 16 (64%) raised antibodies during or immediately after second gestation. Ten of these cows (40%) raised antibodies during gestation, some as early as 5 months before parturition. Reactors which had had first-gestation reactivity responded earlier, but had peak antibody titers no higher than cows without observable first gestation reactions. Cows with antibodies of similar specificity in the first two gestations responded earlier than those with different antibody specificities. Regardless of the time of first antibody detrection, peak titers were usually achieved during the first month postpartum. Antibody persistence increased with parity. Among cows of all ages sampled at random times, there was a linear relationship of serum reactivity to cow age. PMID- 7316243 TI - Linkage of genes for PHI, halothane sensitivity, A-O inhibition, H red blood cell antigens and 6-PGD variants in pigs. PMID- 7316244 TI - 'Malic enzyme' polymorphism in sheep erythrocytes. AB - 'Malic enzyme' or malate dehydrogenase (NADP+), E.C.1.1.1.40, catalyses the reaction: L-malate + NADP in equilibrium pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH Baker & Manwell (1977), in a survey of a number of different enzymes reported that 'malic enzyme' was polymorphic in the erythrocytes and certain other tissues of sheep, and indicated that it would be a potentially useful new genetic marker for this species. This paper confirms the existence of the polymorphism in sheep erythrocytes and presents inheritance and breed data. PMID- 7316246 TI - A classification system for asthmatic patients: clinical-physiological correlation. AB - A classification system for asthmatics based on simple, readily available clinical tools is defined and evaluated. Asthmatics so classified differed significantly in terms of their degree of dysfunction at the time of presentation. Comments regarding the relative importance and proper perspective of pulsus paradoxus and retraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in each classification of asthmatics is made. PMID- 7316245 TI - The diagnosis of hymenoptera hypersensitivity. AB - Venom skin testing was performed in 216 patients with histories of systemic or local reactions following insect stings. Seventy-six percent of the patients with histories of systemic reactions and 77% of the patients with histories of local reactions had positive skin tests up to 1 mcg/ml. The majority of vespid sensitive patients had positive skin tests to all the vespid species. Significant (p less than .001) cross-reactivity is suggested by regression analysis. This study confirms the value and safety of venom skin testing in hymenoptera hypersensitivity. The implications for venom immunotherapy of the findings are also discussed. PMID- 7316247 TI - Protective effect of hydroxyzine and phenylpropanolamine in the challenged allergic nose. AB - Allergic rhinitis patients were challenged with intranasal allergen aerosols after pretreatment with hydroxyzine and phenylpropanolamine, singly and in combination. Hydroxyzine protected against itching, sneezing and hypersecretion but aggravated obstruction. Phenylpropanolamine had a subtle but measurable anti congestive effect. This model quantitates and confirms the complementary effects of combined antihistamine-decongestant therapy. PMID- 7316248 TI - Efficacy of rush immunotherapy in decreasing bronchial sensitivity to inhaled antigens in perennial childhood asthma. AB - Rush Immunotherapy (IT) was given to 13 children with asthma, positive skin tests (ST), bronchial provocation tests (BPT) and compatible histories. ST was done by prick or intradermal technique, using commercially available antigens (Ag). BPT was done after an eight-hour medication hold for oral bronchodilators (BD) and four hours for inhaled BD. A Fisons/Vaponephrine nebulizer with an air compressor was used to deliver the Ag. A persistent 25% decrease in peak expiratory flow rate was considered a positive test. Rush IT consisted of four Ag dilutions: 10, 100, 1000 and 5000 pnu/ml. The maintenance dose of 0.5 ml of the 5000 pnu/ml solution was achieved in from seven to 18 weeks (mean 12 weeks). The total cumulative dose of Ag ranged from 3000--14000 pnu (mean 7200 pnu) when the BPT was repeated. Two patients had mild wheezing post-injections and rush IT was discontinued; one of these was later restarted and tolerated the IT well. Three were discharged from the Center prior to repeat BPT. Nine completed the protocol to a total of 14 Ags. One had increased bronchial sensitivity (BS) to both Ags tested. One had no change in BS. Seven subjects had decreased BS on 11 post-rush IT BPTs, four by an unknown degree as the BPT was negative on re-challenge. The mean pre-rush IT BPT was positive at 900 pnu (range 190--2200 pnu); the mean post RI BPT was positive at 2600 pnu (range 20--7200 pnu). Five patients who had repeat BPT's to the same Ag without IT served as controls. The results showed that (1) Rush IT is a safe and effective method of IT and (2) a marked change in BS can be achieved rapidly and after a relatively low administered dose of Ag in a majority of patients. PMID- 7316249 TI - Recurrent environmentally triggered thrombophlebitis: a five-year follow-up. AB - Twenty disabled patients with recurrent intractable nontraumatic phlebitis were studied. The patients were divided into two groups and matched for age and severity. The control group was continued on their standard anticoagulant regime, bed rest and support hose. The other group was placed in an especially designed Environmental Control Unit (ECU) where all air, food and water could be controlled. These patients were taken off all medication and not fed until the leg pain and swelling disappeared, which was four to seven days. The patients then showed specific sensitivities to foods and ambient subthreshold doses of inhaled chemicals such as formaldehyde less than 0.2 ppm, phenol less than 0.0024 ppm, chlorine less than 0.33 ppm, petroleum alcohol less than 0.5 ppm and pesticide (2,4 DNP) less than 0.0134 ppm under controlled double-blind challenges. Eight out of 10 patients had their phlebitis reproduced in this manner. When in the symptom-free state, these patients were required to ride an exercycle at 150 kpm for one mile daily to demonstrate absence of phlebitis (none could walk across the room prior to examination). The five-year follow-up in the group showed two 48-hour episodes of phlebitis cleared by home bed rest and food abstenance. In contrast, the control group had more than 60 episodes of phlebitis at home and 41 episodes in the hospital. Medical costs in these comparable groups showed a differential of $20 per patient in the Environmental Control Unit treatment versus more than $20,000 per patient in the control group over the five year follow-up. PMID- 7316250 TI - What the physician should know about air pollution. PMID- 7316252 TI - [Dynamic aspects of protein-ligand binding. I. The problem of specificity in biology]. PMID- 7316251 TI - Los Angeles air pollution and asthma in children. AB - Indices of air pollution, meteorological conditions and airborne allergens were correlated with emergency room census and hospitalizations for asthma at the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles (CHLA) during a six-month period encompassing high and low periods of air pollution. In addition, patients in residence at the Sunair Home for Asthmatic Children (SHAC) were studied during a 10-day peak air pollution period. Increases in asthma emergency room visits and hospitalizations correlated significantly with increases in nitric oxide, coefficient of haze, hydrocarbons, Santa Ana wind conditions and total airborne allergen counts. Significant correlations were also found with decreases in ambient levels of O3, SO2, temperature and relative humidity. Among SHAC patients morning peak flow levels were significantly lower during the 10-day peak pollution period than during two control periods of low pollution. However, neither differences in clinical symptoms experienced by these patients nor their need for additional medication were observed. PMID- 7316253 TI - [Evaluation of a rapid technique for antibiotic sensitivity testing using an MS-2 automate and blood culture medium]. AB - The authors propose a rapid method for studying antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from blood cultures. An MS-2 automate is used directly with bacteria collected after centrifugation. With the exception of the sensitivity of Gram-positive cocci to the combination of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprime and to Penicillin G and of Gram-negative bacillus to beta lactamines, the results were comparable to those obtained after isolation of bacteria on gel medium. Various causes for error are discussed. PMID- 7316255 TI - [Enzymatic determination of blood D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate during prolonged fasting tests in the child]. PMID- 7316256 TI - [Variations in blood digoxin and therapeutic monitoring]. PMID- 7316254 TI - [A rapid method for continuous flow measurement of cholesterol contained in high density lipoproteins (HDL) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors utilized a reagent containing concanavalin A, a vegetal lecithin, to selectively precipitate lipoproteins containing apoprotein B, a component of VLDL, LDL, and Lp (a) which are well known for their atherogenic risk. During this precipitation "true" high density lipoproteins remain in solution. HDL cholesterol determination which constitutes an indirect indication of HDL activity or concentrations is performed by an enzymatic method using an automated continuous flow technique carried out on an Auto Analyzer II (Technicon Corp.). This rapid, easy determination obtains results comparable to other methods, particularly those chosen by the Societe Francaise de Biologie Clinique (French Society of Clinical Biology). This technique should permit all laboratories to confirm an atherogenic index. PMID- 7316257 TI - Recent findings concerning serum iron, the iron binding capacity of serum, and transferrin saturation suggested terminology. PMID- 7316258 TI - MAST augmentation of external cardiac compression: role of changing intrapleural pressure. AB - Ventricular fibrillation was induced in nine dogs weighing 18 to 22 kg. CPR was performed with a mechanical chest compressor. Mean carotid flow during CPR was 7.9 +/- 1.5 ml/min. After MAST inflation to 100 mm Hg, the flow increased to 15.7 +/- 3.7 ml/min. Intrathoracic aortic systolic pressure was also significantly increased from 65 +/- 7 to 73 +/- 8 mm Hg. When the thorax was vented with chest tubes bilaterally, no change in carotid flow or arterial pressure was noted on closing or opening the chest tubes. One liver laceration and two gallbladder contusions were noted at autopsy. MAST inflation apparently augments carotid flow an systolic pressure. Variations in intrapleural pressure do not seem to have a significant influence on CPR. PMID- 7316262 TI - Mechanical bull injuries: the empty saddle syndrome. AB - We reviewed the cases of 30 patients presenting to the emergency department over a four-month period with a total of 31 injuries suffered while riding a mechanical bull. The majority of injuries were sprains and contusions. The most severe injuries included seven fractures, one dislocation, and one fracture dislocation. Three patients required hospitalization, including one with a compression fracture of C7. The majority (74%) of injuries involved the upper extremities. PMID- 7316260 TI - Nitrous oxide levels in the emergency department. AB - Levels of nitrous oxide were monitored in the emergency department during the use of a Nitronox machine after four and eight minutes of breathing gas. Levels near the user's head were found to be 800 to 1,200 parts per million. Levels at the center of the room peaked at 300 ppm after eight minutes of use, and spot checks in the emergency department hall adjacent to the test room were less than 10 ppm. Ventilation was measured in the test room and was found to influence the peak level of nitrous oxide and the rapidity of washout of the gas from the room. The results of this study should prompt the development of guidelines for the use of nitrous oxide in the emergency department setting. PMID- 7316263 TI - Cardiac conduction and rhythm disturbances following suicidal ingestion of mesoridazine. AB - The phenothiazine derivatives, particularly chlorpromazine and thioridazine, are known to produce significant electrocardiographic abnormalities. Until now, documented life-threatening arrhythmias have not been reported following large doses of mesoridazine, the besylate salt of a metabolite of thioridazine and a relatively recent addition to the phenothiazine group. We describe such a case in which alterations in both impulse conduction (first-degree atrioventricular block, prolonged QRS duration, and right axis deviation) and impulse formation (supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia) were noted following a suicidal ingestion of mesoridazine. The electrophysiologic mechanisms underlying phenothiazine-induced arrhythmogenesis are reviewed. PMID- 7316261 TI - Application of the Cardiotrak pacemaker monitor to prehospital care. AB - The Cardiotrak is a small, lightweight device originally developed for use by pacemaker patients to transmit their electrocardiograms (ECGs) by telephone to their doctor or to a hospital. The Cardiotrak seemed well suited for use by paramedics and was field tested on 76 patients. In 69 patients, clear ECGs were transmitted with ease; in the remaining seven, only minor, correctable problems were noted. The Cardiotrak appears to have advantages over other devices used to transmit ECGs to base station hospitals from paramedics. PMID- 7316264 TI - Acute necrotizing ulcerative tonsillitis and gingivitis (Vincent's infections). AB - The cases of two patients with acute necrotizing ulcerative infections are reported. One had involvement of the tonsil and the other, of the gingivae. In both cases a Gram stain revealed abundant fusiform rods and spirochetes. Both patients responded to treatment with oral penicillin, showing improvement and/or healing in three to six days. These two cases demonstrate the usefulness of the Gram stain in supporting a diagnosis which would otherwise rest solely on clinical grounds. PMID- 7316266 TI - Emergency transthoracic pacemaker. PMID- 7316259 TI - Prognostic indicators of ultimate long-term survival following advanced life support. AB - In an attempt to establish prognostic indicators for ultimate long-term survival following advanced life support (ALS), a two-year (1978-79) retrospective study was made of 92 survivors. The survivors were divided into two groups: the first survived admission to the intensive care unit, but subsequently died in the hospital; the second survived to ultimate discharge from the hospital. The groups were compared for sex, age, basic and advanced provider response time, scene an transport time, witnessed versus unwitnessed arrest, traumatic versus medical arrest, type of airway, presence of aspiration, initial cardiac rhythms, post arrest vital signs, number of defibrillations, post-arrest ECG changes, essential and useful drugs used, and duration of basic and advanced life support. Of all prognostic indicators studied, duration of ALS correlated most closely with ultimate survival. This article advances the definition of ultimate survival of ALS to mean discharge of the patient from the hospital, and advocates this as the most objective evaluation of successful ALS. The article furthermore offers duration of ALS as an effective prognostic indicator of a patient's chance for ultimate survival. PMID- 7316265 TI - "Effort thrombosis" of the subclavian vein associated with oral contraceptives. AB - We report a case of "effort thrombosis" of the subclavian vein in a 33-year-old woman with several thrombotic risk factors, including the use of oral contraceptives. The signs and symptoms associated with this syndrome, as well as concepts concerning diagnostic techniques and management, are discussed. PMID- 7316268 TI - Formal endorsement of FECs questioned. PMID- 7316269 TI - Eosinophilic joint effusion and intestinal nematodiasis. PMID- 7316270 TI - Pulmonary manpower surplus in 1990: a challenge for analysis and planning in 1981. PMID- 7316267 TI - Controls needed to assess effects of steroids on mitochondria. PMID- 7316271 TI - The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease. IV. Respiratory effect of long-term exposure to photochemical oxidants, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfates on current and never smokers. AB - Questionnaires, spirometry, and the single-breath nitrogen test were administered to 3,192 participants 25 to 39 yr of age in area exposed to low concentrations of all pollutants (Lancaster, California) and to 2,369 similar participants living in an area exposed to high concentrations of photochemical oxidants, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfates (Glendora, California). The prevalence of symptoms and results in the majority of the tests were worse in the polluted area between current and never smokers and men and women. Those tests associated primarily with small airways (Vmax50, Vmax75, delta N 2(750-1250) showed little or no difference between areas. The difference in the prevalence of participants with a poor FEV1 and/or poor FEV1 and/or poor FVC and in the mean Vmax and closing volume was greater between areas than between smoking categories. These results suggest that long-term exposure to high concentrations of photochemical oxidants, NO2, and sulfates at place of residence may result in measurable impairment in both current smokers and never smokers. Firmer documentation of this effect will require following these populations for changes in lung function that correlate with pollutant exposures. PMID- 7316272 TI - Responses of elderly subjects to monovalent A/USSR/77 (H1N1) and Trivalent A/USSR/77 (H1N1)-A/TEXAS/77 (H3N2)-B/Hong Kong/72 vaccines. AB - Antibody responses to vaccination with monovalent A/USSR/77 (H1N1) and trivalent A/USSR/77 (H1N1)-A/Texas/77 (H3N2)-B/Hong Kong/72 vaccines were examined in a group of elderly persons most of whom had received more than 1 influenza vaccination in the previous 5 yr. Seventy-two per cent had a fourfold or greater increase in hemagglutination inhibition (HA1) titer to A/USSR and 92% had postvaccine titers equal to or greater than 1:40. There were no differences in antibody responses to A/USSR between recipients of monovalent and trivalent vaccines. No booster effect of a second injection of A/USSR was observed in subjects who had failed to respond to the first injection. Although there was a significant correlation between postvaccine HAI titers to A/USSR and to A/Texas, the responses to A/Texas and B/Hong Kong were modest or minimal compared with those to A/USSR. This serologic data may be relevant to the results of surveillance studies that suggest a limited advantage of repeated vaccinations with H3N2 subtypes and should help in evaluating the results of this practice. PMID- 7316273 TI - Static transdiaphragmatic pressures in normal subjects and in patients with chronic hyperinflation. AB - Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during static maximal inspiratory effort was measured in 11 normal subjects and in 4 patients with severe chronic hyperinflation (mean total lung capacity, 138% predicted). The Pdi varied widely among subjects, some production positive abdominal pressure (Pab) at all volumes and some producing Pab close to zero or negative. During modified maximal inspiratory efforts in which the abdomen was protruded, several subjects produced greater Pdi, but in none was pleural pressure (Ppl) more negative, possibly because of inhibition of diaphragmatic activation during spontaneous inspiratory efforts. In the hyperinflated patients, spontaneous maximal inspiratory inspiratory efforts produced smaller values of Pdi, but the diaphragm retained an inspiratory effect and Pdi could still be increased by abdominal protrusion during the effort. Although Pdi during such modified maneuvers probably gives a better index of the strength of the diaphragm, this may not be directly related to its effective capacity as an inspiratory muscle, which may be best assessed by comparing Pdi with Ppl during spontaneous maximal inspiratory efforts. PMID- 7316274 TI - Computed tomographic scanning of the mediastinum in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - We investigated the efficacy of 2-s breath-holding computed tomographic (CT) scans and standard posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms in staging the mediastinum and pulmonary hill in lung cancer. Fifty-one comparisons were made in 49 patients thought to have non-small-cell carcinoma, consecutively chosen to be free of disseminated tumor, and to be suitable candidates for thoracotomy. The CT scans accurately predicted mediastinal neoplastic lymphadenopathy in 15 or 17 instances of proved mediastinal lymph node metastasis for a sensitivity of 88%; specificity was also high (94%) with a true-negative scan in 32 of 34 instances. Standard chest roentgenograms were much less sensitive (47%) than rapid CT scanning in mediastinal staging; there were false negative interpretations in 9 of 17 instances. Specificity of the methods was the same. both CT scans and standard chest roentgenograms had a sensitivity of only 67% in detecting neoplastic hilar adenopathy; enlarged hilar nodes were noted in only 10 of 15 patients with proved hilar node metastasis. We concluded from this preliminary study that rapid CT scanning shows promise of being useful in the noninvasive staging of the mediastinum of patients with otherwise operable non small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma; the technique also provides useful guidance during mediastinoscopy and may detect lymphadenopathy not so visualized, but CT scanning appears to have little advantage over standard posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms in staging the pulmonary hill. PMID- 7316276 TI - The spectrum of pulmonary edema: differentiation of cardiogenic, intermediate, and noncardiogenic forms of pulmonary edema. AB - Pulmonary edema fluid and serum samples were obtained from 20 patients with cardiac and noncardiac pulmonary edema, and total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations were measured. The mean edema fluid to serum protein ratio in patients with pure cardiogenic pulmonary edema was 0.37 +/- 0.09. In contrast, the patients with pure noncardiogenic pulmonary edema had protein ratios of 0.84 +/- 0.12 (p less than 0.001). Another group of patients with both cardiac and noncardiac causes for edema demonstrated edema fluid to serum protein ratios that were significantly higher than those found in the cardiogenic patients and lower than the protein ratios in the noncardiogenic patients (0.60 +/- 0.07) (p less than 0.01) A cardiac or noncardiac causes of pulmonary edema could be determined in all patients, using edema fluid to serum total protein ratios in conjunction with globulin ratios. Cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema represent the extremes in the spectrum of pulmonary edema. A combination of increased permeability and hydrostatic pressure may account for an intermediate form of pulmonary edema. PMID- 7316275 TI - Functional correlations with mild and moderate emphysema in excised human lungs. AB - The relation between mold to moderate emphysema and lung function tests, including tests reported to identify "early" or mild disease, were examined using 24 excised human lungs, 5 with no emphysema, 11 with grade 5 or less emphysema, and 8 with as much as grade 50 emphysema. Static pressure volume curves, single breath nitrogen (SBN2) tests, maximal exemphysema. Static pressure volume curves, single breath nitrogen (SBN2) tests, maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves with air and a mixture of 80% He and 20% O22, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were measured in all lungs. Negative correlations were found (r - 0.489, p less than 0.02) between the emphysema grade and the per cent predicted static lung recoil at 50% of total lung capacity and the emphysema grade and the per cent predicted FEV1 (r = 0.428, p less than 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the grade of emphysema and the SBN2, or MEFV test. Negative correlations were found between the elastic recoil, expressed as per cent predicted slope of Phase III (r = 0.482 p less than 0.02), and the per cent predicted FEV1 (r = -0.619, p less than 0.01). We concluded that mild to moderate degrees of emphysema are not correlated with single breath nitrogen test or flow volume curves using air or helium, but are better related to loss of elastic recoil in excised human lungs. PMID- 7316277 TI - Isolation of basal and mucous cell populations from rabbit trachea. AB - The application of a unit gravity sedimentation procedure to monodispersed rabbit tracheal cells resulted in the isolation of enriched (2-fold to 2.5-fold) basal and mucous cell populations. Cellular integrity was confirmed by a trypan blue dye exclusion index of 93%, [3H] leucine incorporation, and ultrastructural analysis. Unit gravity sedimentation is an affective and rapid procedure for obtaining viable, homogeneous preparations of basal and mucous cells that may be used for in vitro studies of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and glycoprotein biosynthesis in respiratory mucous epithelia. PMID- 7316278 TI - Tracheal mucosal damage after aspiration. A scanning electron Microscope study. AB - Aspiration of gastric contents causes severe pneumonitis, but the effects of such aspiration on the large airways have not been well studied. To evaluate the effects of gastric contents on the tracheal mucosa, 63 healthy A/J mice were anesthetized and aspirated either sterile saline (pH, 5.9) (Group I), hydrochloric acid (pH, 1.5) (Group II), canine gastric juice (pH, 1.5) (Group III), or canine gastric juice (pH, 5.9) (Group IV). Tracer studies showed that the average amount aspirated was 15% of the administered dose. Animals from each group were killed by cervical dislocation at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h and 7 days after aspiration. Examination of the tracheas by scanning electron microscopy revealed normal mucosa in all Group I animals. Tracheas from Group II animals killed between 6 and 48 h after aspiration showed desquamation of the superficial cell layer with complete loss of ciliated and nonciliated cells. Regeneration was noted at 3 days with complete recovery by 7 days. Tracheas from Group III animals had similar changes but regeneration was delayed, whereas those from Group IV had mild desquamation with delayed regeneration. The lungs of group I animals were normal, and those of animals in Group II through IV showed only small widely separated areas of inflammation. We conclude that (1) gastric contents cause marked damage to the tracheal mucosa even when the amount aspirated is too small to induce a clinically significant pneumonia, (2) damage is more severe when the pH of the gastric content is low, and (3) gastric juice may contain substances that delay healing. PMID- 7316279 TI - Recrudescent melioidosis mimicking lung abscess. PMID- 7316281 TI - Recovery of airway patency after obstruction in normal infants. PMID- 7316280 TI - Airway hyperreactivity in patients with sarcoidosis. AB - Methacholine challenge testing was performed in 20 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and 13 normal control subjects. Increased methacholine responsiveness was demonstrated in 10 of 20 patients with sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis patients with increased reactivity differed from those with normal reactivity in that they had more airway obstruction, smaller vital capacities, and lower single breath diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide. Responders tended to be more symptomatic with wheezing and cough and to have a longer duration of disease, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 7316282 TI - Nosocomial pneumococcal bacteremia. PMID- 7316283 TI - Chronic persistent cough in the adult. PMID- 7316284 TI - Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations. PMID- 7316285 TI - Diffusion of antibiotics from a polytetrafluoroethylene-benzalkonium surface. AB - The ability to bond antibiotics non-covalently to polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces was evaluated in an animal model. Grafts soaked or bonded in (14)C penicillin were placed in subcutaneous pockets in rats and harvested at various time intervals. The amount of antibiotic present on grafts and in local tissue were evaluated by liquid scintillation counting. Antibiotic bonding resulted in higher concentrations of antibiotic present on the graft at implantation. Diffusion of antibiotics from the graft into surrounding tissues was also slowed by the bonding process. However, all grafts retained minimal activity at the end of 24 hours. The possibility of managing vascular prostheses with antibiotic bonding and local antibiotic irrigation is raised. PMID- 7316287 TI - The affinity of platelets for the subendothelium. AB - It is known that platelets adhere to subendothelial tissues, but it is not clear as to whether this results in thrombus formation. To study this question, 94 arterial specimens in dogs were randomly treated, either by balloon stripping which exposed the subendothelium (Group I) or by endarterectomy, which exposed the media (Group II). Platelets tagged with 51Cr were injected into some of the animals and the degree of adherence to the vessel wall measured. In the rest, the thrombosis rate was measured at 48 hours. It was shown that the platelets tend not to adhere to the subendothelium in great numbers. The thrombosis rates were 8.6 per cent in Group I compared to 47.8 per cent in Group II. The conclusion drawn from these results was that the subendothelium was antithrombogenic and that this layer should be preserved at vascular anastomoses to discourage platelet adherence and thrombosis. PMID- 7316286 TI - Effects of betazole hydrochloride and cimetidine on common bile pressure and duodenal myoelectric activity in the dog. AB - Betazole hydrochloride, a histamine analogue that stimulates the H2 receptor, causes an immediate and significant increase in common bile duct pressure. This pressure elevation correlates with an increase in duodenal myoelectric activity. Both the duodenal myoelectric activity and common bile duct pressure immediately returned to near baseline following the administration of cimetidine, an H2 blocker. PMID- 7316288 TI - Failure of antiperistaltic colon interposition to ameliorate short-bowel syndrome. AB - The value of an interposed antiperistaltic colon segment in the management of short-bowel syndrome was assessed in four adult dogs. Following 90 per cent small bowel resection, and an interposition of 20-cm length of antiperistaltic colon segment, several parameters of small-bowel function were measured. These included regular serum chemistries, including serum glucose, electrolytes, total protein, and the usual liver function studies. Between the test group of four dogs and a control group of three dogs, there was no difference in xylose absorption curves, 24-hour fat excretion, bowel transit time, and average weight loss. On the basis of these findings, colon reversal would not appear to be of benefit in the surgical management of short bowel syndrome. PMID- 7316289 TI - A simplified method of continent ileostomy: experimental observations. PMID- 7316290 TI - [Collagenosis in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - A revision of the present concept of the named collagenosis in the pediatric age, supported of the experience of the Pediatrics Department at the Barcelona University is exposed. A casuist of 109 cases of the Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome, 55 observations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and 16 pediatric patients affected of classic collagenosis is included. A classification of the collagenosis in pediatrics, discriminating classic forms and other process and in both groups the entities of known etiology, and the unknown ones, that are majority, been considered as collagenosis in the strict sense is offered. PMID- 7316291 TI - [Treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - A revision of the treatment of the juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) is made, Salicylates, still in use, require control of the salicylate level in order to obtain a higher efficiency and to prevent toxicity. New drugs appeared in the last years (by-products of propionic acid, tolmetin acid, fenclofenic...), are useful as an alternative for salicylates and with very little toxicity. Steroid therapy has to be reserved for serious systemic illness only, and slow acting drugs as antimalarials, gold and pencillamine, were only used in those cases with severe persistant activity and in cases of corticosteroid dependents. Use of the immunosuppressive therapy, is justified only in exceptional cases. Immunostimulants (transfer factor, Levamisol) are still in experimental phase. Presentation of the last five years' experience of the Pediatric Department is given. It concerns 25 cases of JCA, 5 systemic forms, 9 polyarticular and 11 forms of pauci-articular. Therapy is based on the predominant use of aspirin and on steroid therapy for the system forms. The efficiency of the treatment is not easy to evaluate regarding consideration of the unpredictable evaluation of the illness. PMID- 7316292 TI - [Dermatologic aspects of collagen disease (author's transl)]. AB - In this brief review the dermatologic aspects of collagen diseases are stressed. Cutaneous manifestations are the main clinical features from the standpoint of diagnostic evaluation of these disorders. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis and scleroderma are considered. PMID- 7316293 TI - [A case of mesenteric infarct without organic vascular obstruction]. PMID- 7316294 TI - [Hiatal gastric hernias in aged patients]. PMID- 7316295 TI - [A case of endometriosis localized on the cicatrix caused by prior laparotomy]. PMID- 7316296 TI - [Gallbladder cancer in the aged patient]. PMID- 7316297 TI - [Experimental clinical study of the behavior of calcemia after surgical removal of the thyroid]. PMID- 7316298 TI - [Emergency reconstruction of the axillary artery by a saphenous vein autograft]. PMID- 7316299 TI - [Indications and limitations of papillostomy and choledochoduodenostomy in biliary pathology]. PMID- 7316301 TI - [Diagnosis of icterus, 1981]. PMID- 7316300 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7316302 TI - [Ocular electrophysiology and synthetic antimalarial agents (author's transl)]. AB - Ocular electrophysiology investigations are essential for detecting retinal complications of prolonged treatment with synthetic antimalarial agents. The techniques employed and the principal lesions discovered by the examination are described. The analysis of lesions found in 29 out of 120 cases examined showed that only simple close surveillance was necessary in 17 cases, a reduction in daily dosage in 11 cases, and interruption of treatment in one case only. The modalities of ocular electrophysiology surveillance during prolonged treatment with antimalarial agents are outlined. PMID- 7316303 TI - [Thyroid disorders during sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - A clinical, scintigraphic and hormonal study of the thyroid was performed in 50 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis. The patients were divided into two groups: T - : n = 32, no thyroid abnormality; T +, 18 cases, with thyroid disorders (9 moderate diffuse goitres, 2 thyroid nodules, 7 nodular goitres). All had normal T4, T3 and TSH levels, except one patient with Graves's disease. Scarce sarcoid granulomas were found in 3 out of 4 patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Dissemination, activity, type of sarcoid thoracic involvement were not different in the two groups. In contrast, T + group had higher seric IgG levels than T - group (p less than 0,05). The association of sarcoidosis and goitre is not fortuitous but thyroid enlargement and sarcoid diffusion do not seem interrelated. Auto-immune thyroiditis seems unlikely in our cases, according to the low frequency of thyroid auto-antibodies. We discuss the possible role of seric immunoglobulins in the constitution of thyroid hypertrophy with or without hyperthyroidism in sarcoidosis. PMID- 7316304 TI - [Associated goitre and sarcoidosis : report on four cases including two with thyrotoxicosis (author'r transl)]. PMID- 7316305 TI - [An alcoholic congestive myocardiopathy with myocardial deposits of immune complexes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316306 TI - [Chronic active hepatitis and pregnancy. A case report and review of the literature (author's transl)]. AB - Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus from mother to infant has been studied in chronic HBs Ag carriers. The frequency is low in Europe and USA (5 p. 100), contrasting with about 60 p. cent in Asia. The babies become usually chronic HBs Ag carriers. It is possible that chronic carriers have in fact chronic active liver diseases that are not recognized. Well documented observations of authenticated chronic hepatitis are so rare, that it is impossible to have a good idea of the maternal prognosis and to know the frequency of illness in the baby. We report the case of a 28 years old woman chronic active HBs Ag hepatitis diagnosed 2 years ago and treated with corticoids. After a normal pregnancy a healthy baby is born. THe HBs Ag is negative in the cord blood and in the serum. The maternal hepatitis has a good evolution. Three months later the baby becomes icteric, the HBs Ag is positive in the serum and he dies after 3 days. The prevention of such a bad evolution requires a prophylactic treatment. HBs immunoglobulins given to infants within 48 hours after birth and thereafter monthly for 6 months seems to be the better management. PMID- 7316307 TI - [Convulsive seizures and polyneuritis in a patient with lupus treated with metronidazole (author's transl)]. AB - A 20-year-old patient with biologically-confirmed lupus developed a perirenal abscess following puncture biopsy of the kidney. Postoperative treatment included metronidazole at a mean dose of 2.5 g daily for 68 days (total dose : 165 g). Generalised convulsive seizures occurred on four occasions, associated with paresthesia of the four limbs, but without loss of motor or reflex activity, though some distal hypoesthesia was detected. An acute lupus attack was eliminated, the convulsive seizures not recurring after discontinuation of treatment, and the paresthesias diminishing progressively over a period of three months. Electrical investigations showed lack of motor anomalies but a marked reduction in sensory conduction. This is the 13th reported case of polyneuritis due to metronidazole, the 4th case of convulsive seizures, and the first case in which both manifestations occurred. The plasma concentration curve after oral administration of 1 g of the product to this patient demonstrated that the product was not being metabolised in a pathological manner. PMID- 7316308 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference of Pitie-Salpetriere: case No. 6 - 1981. Changes in the general state multifocal motor deficiencies and vision disorders in a 55-year old man]. PMID- 7316309 TI - [Role and orientations of child psychiatry]. PMID- 7316310 TI - [Experiences with a new model of anatomo-clinical sessions in pediatrics]. PMID- 7316312 TI - [Community mental health in Mexico. A model of permanent coordination]. PMID- 7316311 TI - [Medical psychology after 20 years]. PMID- 7316313 TI - [A current trend in psychotherapy: family therapy]. PMID- 7316314 TI - [Drug abuse management in the French armies]. PMID- 7316315 TI - [Interdisciplinary model for the tertiary prevention of alcoholism; 8 years' experience]. PMID- 7316316 TI - [Criticisms, paradoxes and future of clinical psychiatry]. PMID- 7316317 TI - [Teaching of psychiatry]. PMID- 7316318 TI - [Medico-legal psychiatry]. PMID- 7316319 TI - Sampling of chlorinated and brominated haloforms from humid atmospheres. PMID- 7316320 TI - Mathematical modelling in the hazard assessment of substances forming toxic decomposition products. The example of carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 7316321 TI - Asbestos concentrations in public buildings - a preliminary report. PMID- 7316322 TI - Grinding dusts of alloyed steel and hard metal. PMID- 7316324 TI - Design of industrial exhaust systems using a programmable calculator. PMID- 7316325 TI - Industrial solvents: some factors affecting their passage into and through the skin. PMID- 7316323 TI - The penetration of dust through porous foam filter media. PMID- 7316326 TI - On the quantitative definition of the inhalability of airborne dust. PMID- 7316327 TI - Clearing and mounting techniques for the evaluation of asbestos fibres by the membrane filter method. PMID- 7316328 TI - In situ identification of asbestos fibres collected on membrane filters for counting. PMID- 7316329 TI - Measurements of neurological functions in the evaluations of exposure to neurotoxic agents. PMID- 7316330 TI - Recent advances in risk assessment. PMID- 7316331 TI - Health information systems--a necessary component of modern occupational health programs. PMID- 7316332 TI - Recent advances in information storage and retrieval relevant to occupational hygiene. PMID- 7316333 TI - Epinephrine and timolol: how do these drugs lower intraocular pressure? PMID- 7316334 TI - Granulomatous inflammatory reaction to degenerating Descemet's membrane. AB - Granulomatous inflammatory reaction to degenerating Descemet's membrane was found in histopathologic study of a keratoplasty specimen from a case of disciform keratitis following childhood varicella infection. The histologic findings suggest acquired autosensitivity to degenerating Descemet's membrane as a likely cause for the chronic keratitis. Such a reaction may persist for many years in a corneal leukoma that, clinically, appears free of inflammation. PMID- 7316335 TI - Simulated double Bjerrum's scotomas by retinal pigment epithelium and receptor degeneration. AB - A seemingly glaucomatous double Bjerrum's nerve fiber bundle defect was mimicked by pigment epithelium and receptor degeneration. The discrepancy between normal appearance of the disc and the abnormal visual field was a clue indicating need for further evaluation for retinal disease unrelated to glaucoma. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possibility of this cause of double Bjerrum's or ring scotoma to avoid protracted workup for nonexistent neurologic disease or treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 7316336 TI - Periodic alternating ping-pong gaze. AB - A patient had periodic alternating Ping-Pong gaze and massive bilateral ischemic cerebral infarction proved at autopsy. In previous cases, bilateral hemisphere involvement appears to have been common in most cases. Eye movements in Ping-Pong gaze are similar to the slow-eye movements seen in sleep, anesthesia, and other obtunded states, a result of disinhibition of inherent rhythms in the oculovestibular system. They are like release phenomena and appear whenever fixational ability is lost or suspended, and during full consciousness they are inhibited by supranuclear cortical mechanisms. Ping-Pong gaze represents a distinct third variety of periodic alternating gaze disturbance, and the differential diagnostic features between it and periodic alternating gaze deviation and periodic alternating nystagmus are discussed. PMID- 7316337 TI - Survey of 336 deaf students for retinitis pigmentosa. AB - At the California School for the Deaf, Riverside, 336 deaf students were surveyed for coexistence of retinitis pigmentosa. Five of the 336 were felt to have Usher's syndrome. The most common cause of deafness was maternal rubella. Electroretinograms of the rubella group were normal. PMID- 7316338 TI - Acute retinal pigment epitheliopathies. AB - A 50-year-old white woman had bilateral visual loss associated with fever, chills, and myalgias. Her systemic complaints responded to steroid therapy but visual reductions and retinal lesions have persisted for one year. Fluorescein angiographic findings are identical to those seen in acute retinal pigment epitheliitis but the clinical history is more suggestive of acute macular neuroretinopathy. These two entities may represent different clinical expressions of the same disease. PMID- 7316339 TI - Natural history of the congenital eyelid tetrad (Komoto's syndrome). AB - The congenital eyelid tetrad (CET) comprises epicanthal folds, telecanthus, ptosis, and blepharophimosis. The natural history of CET is that with time the epicanthal folds disappear and the telecanthus becomes insignificant, but the ptosis and the blepharophimosis remain functional and cosmetic problems. Surgical correction of the ptosis and the blepharophimosis should be performed early in the patient's life, but surgical correction of the telecanthus and epicanthal folds should be deferred until growth is complete when such surgery may not be necessary. PMID- 7316340 TI - Fibroma of the orbital wall after dacryocystectomy: case report. AB - A rare case of fibroma of the inner and lower orbital wall in a 75-year-old man is described. The tumor was adherent to the periosteum of the orbital bones and occurred 1 1/2 years after an uncomplicated dacryocystectomy. PMID- 7316341 TI - Traumatic enucleation: a clinicopathologic case report. PMID- 7316343 TI - The management of the Kleeblattschadel syndrome. AB - This paper describes the classic presentation of the Kleeblattschadel syndrome and the involvement of the ophthalmologist in preventing the loss of sight from exposure. It also described newer neurosurgical approaches for these patients and improvement in the outcome of this syndrome. PMID- 7316342 TI - D-penicillamine and the ocular myasthenic syndrome. AB - D-penicillamine is a potent drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Wilson's disease and cystinuria. D-penicillamine has recently been found to cause myasthenia gravis in certain susceptible patients. We present a typical case of one patient who developed myasthenia while taking D-penicillamine. The withdrawal of D-penicillamine and the institution of short-term anticholinesterase therapy resulted in the resolution of this disease. The literature is reviewed and attention is focused on the point that all patients who developed myasthenia while undergoing D-penicillamine therapy had ocular symptoms. PMID- 7316344 TI - Multifocal Best's disease and sickle cell trait. AB - Ophthalmoscopy performed during a routine eye checkup on a 22-year-old black man revealed multiple intraretinal, cyst-like lesions scattered throughout the macular and extramacular areas in both eyes. Based on clinical findings, morphologic appearance, and an abnormal electro--oculogram, the diagnosis of multifocal Best's macular dystrophy was made. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed an AS pattern confirming the presence of sickle cell trait. This is the first case of the coexistence of these two genetically transmitted diseases, Best's disease and sickle cell trait. PMID- 7316345 TI - Orbital granuloma in Hodgkin's disease. AB - A 44-year-old white man with nodular sclerosis type Hodgkin's disease proven by lymph node biopsy developed a diffuse subconjunctival anterior orbital mass that proved to be a noninfectious granuloma. An isolated granuloma in the orbit of a patient with Hodgkin's disease is unusual. PMID- 7316346 TI - Results of 1000 consecutive intracapsular cataract extractions. AB - Results of 1000 consecutive intracapsular cataract extractions done by the same surgeon over a 21-month period are reviewed. Cataracts were removed using a technique that included loupe magnification, cryoextraction, and nonabsorbable suture material. PMID- 7316347 TI - Amaurosis fugax secondary to presumed cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. AB - A 27-year-old woman had a two-year history of proptosis of the right eye associated with recent onset of transient visual loss in that eye on down-gaze only. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography revealed a presumed intraconal cavernous hemangioma of the right orbit. Direct pressure on the optic nerve, with subsequent vascular compromise to the nerve and retina, was felt to be the cause of the transient visual loss. While probably not common as a cause of amaurosis fugax, orbital tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gaze evoked, transient, monocular visual loss. PMID- 7316348 TI - Standardization of ocular surface injection intensity. PMID- 7316350 TI - [Procedure in the repair of pharyngostomies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316349 TI - [Further studies of the theory of nervous decussations. I. The phylogenic organization of the optic chiasm]. AB - We introduce in our theory on the biological significance of nervous crossings an hypothesis about phylogenetic origin of optic chiasma. This hypothesis admit a migration of 180 degrees of primitive eyes in ancestors of Chordates. This migration would have been the cause of the crossing of the optic nerves. We analyse the hypothesis by the mean of schemes and discuss it in relation with the old and the new hypothesis about the origin of Chordates from Annelids and respectively from Echinoderms. We present probationary signs from comparative embryology and comparative morphology. PMID- 7316351 TI - [Pharyngocoutaneous salivary fistula after laringectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316353 TI - [Uterus didelphys with imperforate hemivagina. Clinical cases]. PMID- 7316352 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic use of dexamethasone suppression in some cases of hirsutism with elevated plasma testosterone (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 11 hirsute women with elevated total plasma testosterone (no ovaric neoplasia detectable) was studied by dexamethasone suppression test. Suppression to within normal limits was in 5 patients by dexamethasone alone. After a 5 month continuous therapy ovulation was restored and hirsutism reduced. Suppression was obtained in the other 6 patients only with estroprogestins. These results suggest an interesting hypothesis: hypertestosteronemias related to anovulation might be divided in two classes, the first one in which testosterone is synthetized from adrenal prehormones, the second one in which testosterone is synthetized from acetate. PMID- 7316354 TI - [The cervicitis of Behcet's syndrome. Description of a case]. PMID- 7316355 TI - [A case of Behcet's disease with predominantly genital localization]. PMID- 7316356 TI - [Morbidity and mortality in gynecologic oncological surgery in the elderly. Case studies of the years 1968-1977 (581 cases)]. PMID- 7316357 TI - [Changes of the insufflatory findings after hydrotubation therapy in female sterility of tubal origin]. PMID- 7316358 TI - [The elastic tissue of the lamina propria in some malformations of the vagina and cervix]. PMID- 7316359 TI - [Primary insular carcinoid of the ovary]. PMID- 7316360 TI - [Disgerminoma of the ovary. Anatomo-prognostic correlations in 26 cases]. PMID- 7316361 TI - [Precancerous lesions of the endometrium]. PMID- 7316362 TI - [Colposcopy of cervical condylomatosis]. PMID- 7316364 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the maxillary sinus. One case (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316363 TI - [Rheumatic syndromes with ENT symptoms (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present one case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with paralysis of the larynx and spontaneous expulsion of the arytenoid cartilage followed by healing. Two cases of chronic atrophic polychondritis are also presented, and the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria of the disease are discussed. PMID- 7316365 TI - [Gardner's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Gardner's syndrome is a dominant autosomal non sex-linked hereditary condition resulting from lesions of all three primary germ layers : ectoderm, entoderm and mesoderm. It therefore includes a variety of symptoms which concern E.N.T. specialists, dermatologists, maxillo-facial surgeons and gastroenterologists, although the present tendency is to recognize the existence of partial or dissociated Gardner's syndromes. The finding of an isolated symptom of the Gardner's series should lead to a systematic search for polyposis of the large bowel, as the latter carries a short- or long-term risk of malignant degeneration which has considerable bearing on prognosis. PMID- 7316366 TI - [Deep papillomatosis of the adult and laser (author's transl)]. AB - Adult papillomatosis may be similar to child's papillomatosis or have an exophytic presentation. We describe a third kind of papillomatosis where papillomas tend to grow deep inside the mucosa. Laser seems an effective treatment of this condition which used to lead to tracheostomy and even total laryngectomy. PMID- 7316368 TI - [Bilateral recurrent paralysis and his treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The authors give here their conception of physiology of nerves of larynx. They think that among the bilaterals paralysies of vocal cords, the paralysie of dilators is the most frequent one. They offer a technical surgery which consist of linking the muscle thyro-hyoidien to the vocal cord on both sides. Two cases operated have given a normal functioning of vocal cords and, in consequence, a very good phonetic and a satisfactory breathing. PMID- 7316369 TI - [Experimental study of the depth of penetration of laser beams applied to the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316367 TI - [Laser and phonosurgery (author's transl)]. AB - Six patients are presented as examples of investigation and treatment of dysphonic patients in the ENT Department of the Tenon hospital, Paris. Investigations include photography, recording and sometimes sonograms before and after treatment. The multiplication of similar records will eventually show whether laser surgery should be preferred to instrumental surgery. PMID- 7316370 TI - [Preliminary note on the anatomy and physiology of Bock's pharyngeal nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316371 TI - [Sinusal mycosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316372 TI - [Neurinoma of the third portion of the facial nerve. About a case cured after hypoglosso-facial anastomosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of a neurinoma of the third portion of the facial nerve, revelated by a progressive palsy completed four months later (but the muscle of the stapes was still working). After removing the neurinoma which was in the middle of the mastoide an anastomosis between the XII and the VII nerves was performed and successful. The authors emphasize two facts: --The possibility of active reinervation by this method of the facial muscles even after a long delay of complete interruption of the facial nerve. --The advantage of performing the micro-anastomosis as close as possible to the myo-neural synapsis (just before the bifurcation of the facial nerve. PMID- 7316373 TI - Otology in today's medical setting. PMID- 7316374 TI - Chronic nonsuppurative otitis media. Comparison of tympanostomy tubes and medication versus ventilation. AB - Experiences with tympanostomy tubes extending over a period of 29 years are compared with the computer-assisted analysis of a questionnaire that was submitted to 500 otolaryngologists. Ventilating tubes are being used by 99.4% of the respondents in the group and are estimated to achieve good to excellent results in 90% of patients treated. Appropriate use of tympanostomy tubes has significantly reduced the incidence of chronic ear disease. A comparison of prophylactic antibiotics and prophylactic ventilating tubes for the prevention of acute otitis media showed that 91% of the participants in the survey found ventilating tubes to be more effective than antibiotics. Benefits from ventilating tubes far outweigh the small number of tube-induced complications. PMID- 7316375 TI - Use of tympanostomy tubes in otitis media. AB - Tympanostomy tubes (TT) are frequently employed as treatment for otitis media (OM) although there is little-clinical or experimental evidence of their efficacy. Potential detriments of TT include cost, risk of inhalation anesthesia, intraoperative complications, and tympanic membrane (TM) damage. Potential benefits include elimination of the conductive hearing loss (CHL), reduction in the occurrence of acute purulent OM, and avoidance of sequelae. The cost/benefit ratio of TT has never been accurately determined and morbid complications of inhalation anesthesia and the surgical procedure appear to be rate. There is evidence that TT significantly reduce the CHL of OM as well as reduce the incidence of recurrent acute purulent OM and help avoid sequelae. It is therefore determined that the risk of TT insertion for middle ear effusion (occasional TM changes) can be justified, in properly selected patients, by the benefits (immediate improvement in hearing and reduction in the incidence of recurrent acute purulent OM). PMID- 7316376 TI - Auditory processing abilities in children with previous middle ear effusion. AB - The present study was designed to determine whether auditory processing disorders are present in children with documented middle ear effusion (MEE) that required surgical treatment. Children with previous MEE and control subjects, in two age groups, were studied using five tests of auditory processing abilities: low-pass filtered speech, staggered spondaic word test, speech in noise, auditory sequential memory, and sound blending. Results found differences in groups at mean age 7 on the filtered speech tests, but no statistical differences were found on any other test at age 7 or on any test at mean age 9. The results indicate that well-managed MEE appears to have no long-term effects on children acquiring this disease. PMID- 7316377 TI - Recurrent middle ear effusion in childhood: implications of temporary auditory deprivation for language and learning. AB - Eighteen healthy, normal hearing (PTA greater than or equal to 15dB, better ear), neurologically intact, 8 to 11-year-old children who had documented histories of middle ear effusion (MEE) before the age of five years were evaluated by a battery of audiological, psychological, language and achievement tests. Each was compared to his/her non-MEE sibling who was tested at the same age. All the children (n = 36) tested in the bright normal range of verbal ability (WISC-R) and none had been diagnosed previously as learning disabled. Paired comparison of sibling data revealed that the effusion subjects had deficits in verbal ability, auditory decoding and spelling skills when compared with their control siblings. Significant strength in visual sequential memory in the MEE subjects suggests the availability of compensatory strategies for auditory deficits. Data analysis on the basis of sex and/or birth order differences could not explain the differences between siblings. PMID- 7316378 TI - Current clinical methods, indications and interpretation of eustachian tube function tests. PMID- 7316379 TI - Testing eustachian tube function. AB - This paper reviews the concepts, attitudes and experience at the Otologic Medical Group (OMG) in regard to testing eustachian tube function. AT OMG eustachian tube function tests are not performed prior to reconstructive surgery in cases of chronic otitis media and the reasons for this are reviewed. The lack of significant incidence of serous otitis media in postoperative patients substantiates the conclusion that there is no rationale for preoperative eustachian tube function tests in patients who are to undergo reconstructive surgery for chronic otitis media. PMID- 7316380 TI - Neural connections between the middle ear, eustachian tube and brain. Implications for the reflex control of middle ear aeration. PMID- 7316381 TI - Early decompression of the facial nerve in Bell's palsy. PMID- 7316383 TI - Neural generators of brainstem evoked potentials. Results from human intracranial recordings. AB - Recordings were made from the auditory nerve near its entrance into the brainstem during neurosurgical operations for cranial nerve disorders. The recorded compound action potentials in response to 2000 Hz tonebursts at 90 dB were characterized by a negative peak with a latency of 3.0 to 3.7 ms. When these compound action potentials were compared with the brainstem evoked potentials (BSEP) recorded from the scalp during the operation or before the operation, it was found that the latency of the main peak of the compound action potential matched the latency of the vertex negative wave located between waves II and III (P2) and the potentials recorded from the nerve were found to match the N2P2N3 complex of the scalp-recorded BSEP. The results indicate that the auditory nerve is the neural generator of the two first peaks in the human BSEP, in contrast to the results of experiments in animals which show that the second peak originates in the cochlear nucleus. PMID- 7316382 TI - Total energy and critical intensity concepts in noise damage. AB - Groups of chinchillas were given a series of noise exposures of approximately equal energy ranging from 22 minutes at 120 dB SPL to 150 days at 82 dB. For all exposures involving levels of 112 dB or less, the same average permanent hearing losses (15-20 dB) and degree of outer hair cell destruction (8-10%) resulted, thus confirming the validity of the total energy principle for assessing the hazard associated with single continuous exposures at moderate levels. The 22 minute, 120-dB exposure, however, produced a 60-dB hearing loss and massive hair cell destruction (70-80%), indicating that some critical level had been exceeded, thus producing acoustic trauma. Further histological study suggests that the massive destruction is a result of breaks in the organ of Corti, produced by severe mechanical stress, that permit the mixture of endolymph with perilymph, thus creating a hostile environment for the hair cells. PMID- 7316384 TI - Management of the tinnitus patient. PMID- 7316385 TI - Panel of Meniere's disease. Endolymphatic sac enhancement surgery for Meniere's disease: an extension of conservative therapy. AB - It is out hypothesis that the primary goal of endolymphatic sac surgery in cases of intractable Meniere's disease or syndrome is for the purpose of enhancing absorption of endolymph. Our experience includes 251 cases over a period of 15 years. In this report we discuss rationale, current methods, and results in a series of 176 cases since 1974. PMID- 7316386 TI - Metabolic management in Meniere's disease. PMID- 7316387 TI - Central vestibular signs, posterior fossa pathology and computerized tomography regional blood brain circulation. AB - Central vestibular signs are sensitive indicators of lesions in the posterior fossa. With the availability of computerized tomography and computerized tomography-regional blood brain circulation, the identification of suspected retrolabyrinthine lesions has improved considerably. This is a report about the reliability of central vestibular signs in predicting posterior fossa lesions. PMID- 7316388 TI - Total footplate extraction in stapedectomy. AB - The concept of total footplate removal in stapedectomy surgery is recommended as the preferred technique providing that the surgery is atraumatic. Only that part of the footplate which can be removed easily should be removed; in 4,761 consecutive stapedectomies a total footplate removal could be accomplished in 74%. Total and partial footplate removal necessitates a connective tissue graft to seal the oval window and must be coordinated with a suitable prosthesis which is efficient, functional and self-centering. The successful results between total and partial footplate removal are not statistically significant when employing the criteria of air-bone gap closure to within 10 dB, but when comparing the complete air-bone gap closure rate there is a statistically significant difference with total footplate removal providing a more favorable hearing result. PMID- 7316389 TI - Comparison of small fenestra and total stapedectomy. AB - A biostatistical study of the results of 280 consecutive operations for clinical otospongiosis are analyzed over a seven-year period. One hundred forty-one (141) operations were done utilizing the "total stapedectomy" technique, and 139 were done utilizing the "small fenestra" technique. The auditory acuity of the two groups is compared with reference to conductive and sensorineural performance. All the surgery was performed by the authors, the data was collected by a third party and analyzed by a statistician. All audiograms were performed by the same audiologist under the same conditions. The data indicates that the preferred operation for this clinical disease is the small fenestra technique. PMID- 7316390 TI - Contraindications to the small hole stapedectomy. AB - A small hole stapedectomy with an unprotected piston is contraindicated in an ear subjected to excessive pressure changes whether these are excessive fluid pressure changes which occur in the inner ear or excessive air pressure changes in the middle ear. Excessive fluid pressure changes in the inner ear may be the result of an overly patent aqueduct of the cochlea or a permeable internal auditory canal. These excessive fluid pressure changes may produce fistulas or a dilated blister around the piston called a tented piston. Excessive air pressure changes in the middle ear will produce excessive excursions of the tympanic membrane which may result in vertigo or a dislocated piston. PMID- 7316391 TI - Bioinert ceramic implants in middle ear surgery. PMID- 7316392 TI - Comparative study using computed tomographic thin-section zoom reconstructions and anatomic macrosections of the temporal lobe. AB - Thin-section (1.5 mm) high-spatial-resolution computed tomography (CT) in combination with computerized high-resolution image reconstruction is an effective, noninvasive means of studying patients with a variety of temporal bone abnormalities. To determine what degree of definition and anatomic accuracy could currently be obtained by using these techniques, we performed thin-section CT and high-resolution image reconstruction with use of two fresh-frozen cadaver head specimens. We then compared these images with the actual anatomic macrosections subsequently obtained from the specimens. We concluded that high-resolution CT scans of temporal bone can produce accurate, highly detailed, diagnostic images of the internal auditory canal, vestibule, cochlea, vestibular aqueduct, semicircular canals, and middle ear space. PMID- 7316393 TI - [Does linear psoriasis exist? (author's transl)]. AB - A child had both a congenital nevus unius lateris and a linear psoriasis of recent onset which first appeared localized to the nevus, and later became generalized. Histology of the psoriatic lesion overlying the nevus revealed the typical features of psoriasis and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Psoriasis and nevus have both disappeared with Ro 10.9359 therapy. Five similar cases of psoriasis overlying an epidermal nevus have been found in the literature. The epidermal nevus is a fertile site for the development of psoriatic lesions in a predisposed person. It is an example of the Kobner phenomenon. A wider definition of this phenomenon is suggested. The features of linear psoriasis are studied and we now believe that true linear psoriasis is not a distinct clinical entity and that previously reported cases correspond in fact to an inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN). PMID- 7316396 TI - [Profuse infiltrating erythema marginatum in a 2-year-old girl]. PMID- 7316395 TI - [Darier's disease and renal polycystosis. Familial study and effects of aromatic retinoid]. PMID- 7316394 TI - [Association of disseminated intravascular coagulation and cutaneous crystal cholesterol emboli (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a 72-year-old man with cutaneous cholesterol emboli in association with disseminated intravascular coagulation (D.I.C.) is described. Favouring the crystal cholesterol emboli hypothesis are the livedo reticularis and purpura in the lower extremities, palpable pulses, arterioles containing cholesterol clefts. Favouring the hypothesis of D.I.C. are the purpuric lesions on the ears and nose, acral cyanosis and haemorrhagic bullae on the hands, intravascular fibrinous thrombi, hemostatic abnormalities and the efficacy of heparin. Two pathogenic hypotheses are discussed: 1) "spontaneous" crystal cholesterol emboli have started a D.I.C. following the release of thromboplastic substances; 2) a D.I.C. with its secondary fibrinolysis has provoked a dissolution of the thrombosis which covered the atheromatous plaques and started cholesterol crystal emboli. PMID- 7316398 TI - [Contribution to the study of nervous system in larval and adult forms of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 (Trematoda Digenea). II. Role of serotonine and dopamine (author's transl)]. AB - This study provides details concerning the localization and role of 5-HT and DA in Schistosoma: 1) 3H-5HT is incorporated selectively by the nerve fibers containing dense granules measuring 820 +/- 20 A (type 2 granules), combined at times with other structures; the presence of "cold" dopamine in the environment does not alter the incorporation; 2) 3H-DA is also incorporated in vitro by the nerve fibers and occasionally by the muscle fibers of the adult Schistosoma; 3) neither the intraovular miracidium, the first and second generation sporocystes, nor the intrasporocystic cercariae appear to incorporate the 3H-5-HT or the 3H DA, under our working conditions. The two amines are, however, incorporated by the hepatopancreas of Biomphalaria glabrata and the 3H-5-HT produced marking on certain neuromuscular zones of the tentacle. PMID- 7316397 TI - [Recruiting modalities of Gymnophallus nereicola J. Rebecq and G. Prevot, 1962 (Digenea, Gymnophallidae) by Nereis diversicolor (author's transl)]. AB - Metacercariae of Gymnophallidae are generally parasites of Molluscs. Only some species have metacercariae occurring in Annelid. Gymnophallus nereicola J. Rebecq et G. Prevot, 1962 is a mediterranean species. His life cycle is characterized by only one second intermediate host, Nereis diversicolor. In consideration of this atypical host, several peculiarities are necessary for the development of G. nereicola life cycle. These features are studied in this paper. Some have relation with the parasite: large number of cercariae; behaviour; swimming trajectory; cephalic glands. Some others have relation with the second intermediate host; cercarial attraction; metacercarial microhabitat. After all, others characters are ecological features: special parasite endemiotop, nearness of first and second intermediate hosts. All these particularities are in favour of a positive recruitment of Gymnophallus nereicola. PMID- 7316399 TI - [Description of the males of a new benthic marine nematode of the family Benthimermithidae (author's transl)]. AB - Description of the males of a new Nematode species, collected in benthic sediments of the Atlantic Ocean and Norway Sea, at depths of 2400 to 4500 meters. They possess all the features of the family Benthimermithidae, of which only females were known. Larvae present in the same sediments and considered as third stage larvae of this species are described. PMID- 7316400 TI - [A new classification of Trichostrongyloidea nematodes (author's transl)]. AB - The preliminary classification that we proposed in 1977 grouped provisionally in the family Amidostomatidae all the primitive Trichostrongyloidea (with the exception of the Strongylacanthidae). The study of several nematodes from reptiles and amphibians, and above all parasites of Australian monotremes and marsupials, lead us to split up this family. We believe that two families, Amidostomatidae and Strongylacanthidae evolved from ancestors close to the Ancylostomatoidea. All the others, however, appear to have evolved from the Strongyloidea. The morphological characters considered permit the elucidation of three principal evolutionary lines, recognized for the primitive forms by the anatomy of the caudal bursa and for specialized forms by the structure of the synlophe. The principal evolution of the group seems to have occurred during the Secondary Era in Gondwanaland. The families and sub-families remain very numerous in the Neotropical and Australian zones. PMID- 7316401 TI - [Influence of the degree of infestation by Strongyloides ratti on corticosteronemia in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316402 TI - [Parasitism and corticosteronemy in rats during repeated infestations with Strongyloides ratti]. AB - The greater the number of larvae, the lower the possibilities of superinfestation when rats are repeated exposed to contact with Strongyloides ratti larvae, once a week or every two days for periods of up to twenty-four days: super-infestations occurs only on the 2nd day (10,000 larvae), the 4th day (5,000 larvae) and the 9th day (1,000 larvae). However, superinfestation continues throughout the entire duration of the experiment (46 days) when contamination is very low (10 larvae). Although there is now superinfestations, each new contact with larvae produces a hypercorticosteronemia reaction. Thus, the immunity acquired, although it is rapidly capable of preventing the larvae from reaching adulthood, does not prevent the larvae from beginning their migration and triggering the reaction. Progressively and slowly, this cortico-adrenal reaction decreases. It no longer takes place after 3 weeks of weekly infection by 10,000 larvae of after 2 weeks of bi-daily infection by 10,000 or 5,000 larvae. The reactional hypercorticosteronemia which follows an infestation does not intensify after repeated infections, whatever their frequency or intensity. PMID- 7316404 TI - Host acquisition by Ornithodoros capensis Neumann (Ixodoidea: Argasidae). AB - Forty percent of white-capped noddy tern, Anous minutus, nests tagged in January 1977 were re-occupied the following nesting season in February 1978. This re-use of nests allows host acquisition by O. capensis, as the ticks remain in the core of the abandoned nest during the non-nesting season. PMID- 7316403 TI - [Cortico-adrenal reaction in rats to attempts of reinfestation by Strongyloides ratti (author's transl)]. AB - After spontaneous recovery from infestation by Strongyloides ratti, reinfestation by a new generation of adult parasites is not possible if the primary infestation was by 5,000 or 10,000 larvae administered in one or more contacts and if the secondary infestation takes place 3 weeks after. Reinfestation becomes possible again 51 days after recovery from a primary infestation by 15,000 larvae. However although the larvae do not reach the adult stage, they do begin their migration and cause hypersecretion of gluco-cortico-steroids. There is thus a contrast between the ease with which the organism rapidly and lastingly prevents the transformation of larvae into adults and the difficulty in neutralising the larvae and preventing them from triggering a stress. PMID- 7316405 TI - Amino acid metabolism of Malassezia furfur. AB - The mechanism responsible for the hypopigmentation which follows pityriasis versicolor (P.V.) infection has not yet been satisfactorily explained. This work was done in order to study the effect of Malassezia furfur on the decomposition or the utilization of the amino acid tyrosine in vitro. No effect could be noted, which points to the assumption that the effect of the causative fungus of P.V. on melanogenesis is most probably due to the blocking of melanine synthesis by one of the product of M. furfur metabolism without using tyrosine. PMID- 7316406 TI - [Long-term outcome of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children. Results of a study by the Pediatric Nephrology Club (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316407 TI - [Meconium peritonitis: 12 case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316408 TI - [Clinical and radiological findings in 203 cases of delayed resorption of pulmonary fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316409 TI - [Radiological anomalies in the Noonan syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316410 TI - [Bilateral isolated dysplasia of the hip in the young child (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316413 TI - [Cystic renal lesions in tuberous sclerosis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316411 TI - [Major hyperleukocytosis, exceeding 100 000 in immune quinine-induced hemolysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316412 TI - [The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Six observations with three familial forms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316414 TI - [Intracerebellar hematoma in a fullterm neonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316415 TI - [Accidental poisoning with liquid or solid caustic soda for domestic use: circumstances and costs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316416 TI - [Pneumatoceles and pneumothorax following accidental hydrocarbon ingestion in children. A study of 50 cases in Iran (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316418 TI - Treatment of keloids by combined surgical excision and immediate postoperative X ray therapy. AB - Sixty-eight histopathologically confirmed keloids were excised in 40 patients from 1970 to 1979. Surgery involved intrakeloidal excision with wound closure by direct, multilayered advancement repair or split-thickness skin grafting. All patients received x-ray therapy totaling 1,500 rads delivered in 3 equal doses, the first within several hours after surgery and the rest at two- to three-day intervals. There was a minimum of one year's follow-up in all cases, with a mean follow-up time of approximately twenty-four months. Recurrence rates of 21% per lesion and 28% per patient were obtained for the series. Earlobe keloids had recurrence rates similar to those noted for the series of a whole. Seventy-five percent of recurrences were evident within twelve months following treatment. Intrakeloidal excision combined with immediate postoperative x-ray therapy is effective in treating keloids. PMID- 7316417 TI - Variations in the design of the latissimus dorsi flap in breast reconstruction. PMID- 7316420 TI - Reconstruction in Romberg's disease with free groin flap. PMID- 7316419 TI - Usefulness of the innervated tensor fascia lata flap in paraplegic patients. AB - Pressure sores in paraplegic patients are a well-known problem. Such patients can develop pressure necrosis and skin breakdown in spite of preventive measures and adequate surgical management. The occurrence and recurrence of these problems is due in large part to the patient's inability to perceive pressure discomfort in the insensible sitting area. Use of the innervated tensor fascia lata flap has great value in selected patients. A series of 9 patients is presented. In all patients, postoperative sensibility in the flap was maintained as in the preoperative stage. Follow-up of these patients shows that all flaps have remained healed and functioning The neuroanatomical features of the innervated tensor fascia lata flap make it a promising method for covering pressure sores and avoiding subsequent complications. PMID- 7316421 TI - Microscopically controlled excision of medial canthal carcinomas. PMID- 7316422 TI - Microsurgical reimplantation of avulsed scalp. PMID- 7316423 TI - Lymphangioma circumscriptum--a clinicopathological review. AB - Our experience with 3 extensive cases of lymphangioma circumscriptum and a literature review are presented. Excision of these lesions should always be thorough and include all subcutaneous tissue down to fascia. Frozen section may be helpful. Partial excision of troublesome areas or excision of the large deep cystic areas may be indicated in very extensive lesions. When these conditions are satisfied, the result of surgery should improve. PMID- 7316426 TI - [About the surgical treatment of fractures of the metacarpals and phalanges (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316424 TI - Prevention of intraoperative pressure ulcers. PMID- 7316425 TI - [Median nerve compression syndrome at the elbow (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316427 TI - [Diaphyseal fractures of the proximal phalanx of the fingers. Results of the treatment in 72 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316428 TI - [Functional results of osteosynthesized fractures of the first phalanx of the fingers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316429 TI - [Three hundred and ten osteosyntheses of the metacarpal (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316430 TI - [A new treatment for fractures of the neck of the metacarpals by double pinning (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316431 TI - [About fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316432 TI - [The radial nerve and the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316433 TI - [Compressive pathology of ulnar nerve. Thirty seven cases reported (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316435 TI - [Effects of local corticoids on the nerve fiber. Experimental study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316434 TI - [About three cases of median nerve compression inside the carpal tunnel (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316436 TI - [Tracing multitruncal attacks after a posterior myocardial primo-infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316437 TI - [Contribution of echocardiography to the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis and its complications. Experiment on 90 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316438 TI - [Traumatic auriculoventricular block during the electrophysiological explorations of the subjects suffering from a left interventricular heart block (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316439 TI - [Calcifications of coronary arteries and myocardial infarction. Angiographic study. (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316440 TI - [Post-traumatic myocardial infarction with attack of right ventricle. In connection with one case. Review of existing studies recorded (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316441 TI - [Electrophysiological study of injectable fenoxedil]. PMID- 7316442 TI - Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis: determinants of effectiveness. PMID- 7316443 TI - Results of cervical cerclage operations in pregnant women during a five-year period. AB - During the five-year period from 1974 to 1978, 102 pregnancies (0.67% of all deliveries during this period) were treated with cerclage operations. The 16th week of pregnancy was the most common time for operation. In the majority of the cases the indication for surgery was strictly prophylactic; the women had a history of one or more second or early third trimester foetal losses, but there was no dilatation or effacement of the cervix at the time of surgery. No abortions were caused by the surgery. The most serious complication observed was a vesicovaginal fistula. Prior to their first cerclage operation the women investigated had an infant survival rate of 42% of their pregnancies. In the treated pregnancies the corresponding figure was 91%. It is concluded that cerclage operations performed mainly on the basis of prophylactic indications are justified since severe complications are rare and cerclage may be a useful tool to prolong pregnancies and thus improve the prognosis for infants of women with a history of second trimester foetal losses. PMID- 7316444 TI - Conization for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ: long term follow-up of 1013 women. AB - 1013 women were treated with cold knife conization. Histopathological investigation of the cone biopsies revealed 169 with dysplasia, 718 with carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 26 with invasive carcinoma. Invasive carcinomas were found even in patients with the lowest degree of cytological abnormality. In 100 cases, no pathological changes were found. The majority of patients were followed for more than five years after conization. The longest period of follow-up was 17 years. In 98% of the women with various degrees of cervical dysplasia (including all severe dysplasias) the cytology returned to normal after conization. The corresponding figure for women with CIS was 90%. This figure depended on whether the resection margins of the cone were free from pathological epithelium. If they were free, 92% of the women had normal cytology at follow-up. However, if the margins were doubtful, the cytology returned to normal in 64%. All patients with marginal growth had a pathologic smear at follow-up. Most abnormal smears developed within the first year. If smears were negative the first year after conization for CIS with free margins of resection, the risk of developing severe dysplasia or CIS was 2.3%. PMID- 7316445 TI - Premalignant lesions of the periampullary region. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients with adenomatous lesions of the periampullary region of the duodenum are presented. In one patient the tumour was located in the most distal part of the common bile duct. The other patient had a tumour originating in the mucosa of the papilla of Vater and extending into the distal part of the common bile duct. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems with these lesions are discussed with respect to their precancerous nature. PMID- 7316446 TI - The cold foot symptom in sciatica. A clinical and thermographic study. AB - A thermographic study on admission of 174 hospital patients with sciatica revealed a significant correlation between decreased temperature of the distal part of the affected limb and the probability of spinal nerve root compression. The highest order of preponderance for "coldness" was related to the group of patients whose symptoms were confirmed surgically as those of a herniated disc. The follow-up thermograms of 30 patients, on the average 29,4 months postoperatively showed correlation between normalization of the temperature and the relief of symptoms. Opinions regarding the neurophysiological mechanism of peripheral vasomotor control are controversial and the findings give rise to discussion of its complex pattern. Hypothetically derangement of anterograde axoplasmic transport of vasodilatory peptide macromolecules to the skin vessels may be involved. PMID- 7316447 TI - Radical surgery in the treatment of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. AB - A total of 58 cases of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma treated between 1962 and 1980 were analyzed. Of these, 32 were radically, 21 non-radically operated and 5 were treated with radiation only. The study showed that radical surgery is to be recommended in vulvar carcinoma. In addition to evacuation of the inguinal region the method should also include removal of iliac and obturator lymph nodes. PMID- 7316448 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of dissection of the descending thoracic aorta. PMID- 7316449 TI - Importance of thermoregulation in traumatic and haemorrhagic shock in the anaesthetized rabbit. AB - The effects of external thermal support was studied in 66 anaesthesized adult rabbits divided into six groups: control, traumatic shock and haemorrhagic shock; each of these groups had a subgroup with an external thermal support and a subgroup without support. During the four hour experimental period, anaesthesia alone resulted in a reduced core temperature and metabolic acidosis. The external thermal support attenuated these changes. In the shocked animals, the external thermal support reduced the mortality, assisted the body's thermoregulation and reduced the adverse metabolic effects of shock. PMID- 7316450 TI - A feasible solvent separation system for immunoassays. PMID- 7316451 TI - A noval system for mass transport through selective barriers in non centrifugation immunoassays. PMID- 7316452 TI - A new approach to the costing of clinical laboratory tests. AB - A method of costing clinical laboratory tests is described which avoids the assumptions and omissions of previous methods and overcome the basic theoretical difficulty of allocating indirect (overhead) costs, which form the major component. The method develops the concept of a "cost per request' to cover the indirect cost, which reflect the cost of providing laboratory facilities, and a 'cost per test' to cover the direct analytical costs of the individual tests done. The direct cost per test was found to vary with the workload, which makes it difficult to predict the effect of changes in demand on expenditure. The Canadian Schedule of Unit Values was found to be an unreliable basis for calculating direct labour costs. Examples are given of the direct and indirect costs of consumables, labour, and capital, and their contribution to the total cost of clinical chemistry tests done either during or outside normal working hours. The total annual cost for each analyte may be a more useful indicator of expenditure than the cost per test. PMID- 7316453 TI - Monitoring induction of ovulation by rapid radioimmunoassays of oestrogen and pregnanediol glucuronides. AB - To increase the sample-handling capacity for an induction of ovulation programme, direct urinary radioimmunoassays (RIA) for three steroid glucuronides, pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (Pd-3-G), oestrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3-G), and oestriol-16 alpha-glucuronide (E3-16-G), were established. Results obtained for urinary Pd-3-G measured by direct RIA show an excellent correlation (r = 0.98, N = 46) with those for urinary pregnanediol measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Estrone-3-glucuronide (E1-3-G) and estriol-16 alpha-glucuronide (E3-16-G) values, measured by direct RIA, closely paralleled the total urinary oestrogen measured fluorimetrically. Ovarian response to ovulation induction therapy can be monitored by observing the changes in the levels of E1-3-G in urine. Pre ovulatory levels of urinary E3-16-G were found to be too low for use in this regard. Direct RIA for E1-3-G and Pd-3-G are recommended as reliable indices of ovarian function in the monitoring of patients receiving treatment for the induction of ovulation. PMID- 7316454 TI - LDH in gastric juice and its limitation in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. PMID- 7316455 TI - A rapid method for screening urine samples in suspected abuse of cocaine. PMID- 7316456 TI - [Measurement of seminal fluid 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone levels during investigations of sterility (author's transl)]. AB - Two androgens (testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the seminal liquid. A statistic comparison of the results has been applied to samples taken from sterile men and classed chiefly according to sperm count. Different groups were explored: normospermia; oligospermia; various azoospermias. No significant differences in testosterone were found between the groups. Levels of DHT are lower in oligospermia, and much more in azoospermia. The signification of the results is discussed. PMID- 7316457 TI - Systolic time intervals in hyperthyroidism. AB - PEPI (pre-ejection period index), QS2I (total electromechanical systolic index), LVETI (left ventricular ejection time index), and PEP/LVET ratio were measured in 35 thyrotoxic patients. None of the patients had clinical evidence of heart disease nor received drugs which might have affected the systolic time intervals. the hyperthyroid subjects showed significant shortening of PEPI and significant reduction of PEP/LVET, which returned within normal limits when the patients became euthyroid during treatment. No correlation could be found between T3, T4, FTI and PEPI or PEP/LVET. However, serial measurements indicated that the fall toward the normal range of PEPI parallelled that of T3; the latter is considered the most important index of thyroid function. Our study suggests that PEPI and PEP/LVET ratio may be of great usefulness in detecting hemodynamic alterations in subjects with uncomplicated hyperthyroidism. Moreover, these methods may facilitate the diagnosis in unusual types of hyperthyroidism occurring in the absence of clinical signs of toxicosis. In addition, PEPI and PEP/LVET appear to be useful in detecting T3 toxicosis. Finally, serial controls of PEPI could represent a useful index to monitor the response to therapy. PMID- 7316458 TI - Chronohaematological changes in the lizard Calotes versicolor after pinealectomy. AB - Chronohaematological study was performed on the blood of pinealectomized and sham operated lizards over a 48 hrs. time scale. Pineal removal significantly inhibited leucocytopoisis, erythropoiesis and led to hypoglycemia, as evident from lowered circulating number of cells and level of glucose respectively. However existence of circadian rhythm in WBC, RBC and glucose level of sham operated lizards was evident. Influence of pineal extirpation on chronohaemotology varied with time scale (Time X Pinealectomy P less than 0.01). PMID- 7316459 TI - Effect of sex steroids on pituitary and serum prolactin level in ovariectomized catfish, Clarias batrachus. AB - In bilaterally ovariectomized specimens of Clarias batrachus effects of 17 beta estradiol and testosterone propionate (TP) treatment on prolactin content of the pituitary gland and blood serum were investigated. Once daily injection of- beta estradiol (100 microgram/fish augmented the release of prolactin without altering its synthesis. Higher dose of this steroid (150 microgram/fish) significantly accelerated the synthesis and release of prolactin. Similar treatment with TP was uneffective in ovariectomized C. batrachus. It was evident from the data that 17 beta-estradiol is one of the effective regulators of prolactin secretion in female C. batrachus. PMID- 7316460 TI - [Variations in parathormone serum levels during treatment of Paget's disease with calcitonin of human or salmon origin (author's transl)]. AB - Biological effects of increasing doses of human and salmon calcitonin (CT) have been studied in 17 patients suffering from Paget's disease of bone. Results show a dose response relationship on indirect indices of bone turn-over. The plateau phenomenon occurs with both CT and more rapidly with the lower dosage. There is also a transient increase in parathyroid activity during the period of time when bone turn-over is decreasing. Calciuretic effect was more pronounced with salmon than with human CT. PMID- 7316461 TI - Plasma androgens and growth or puberty disorders. PMID- 7316462 TI - Differences between the molecular interactions of agonists and antagonists with the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7316464 TI - Effect of portacaval shunt on the metabolism of the congenitally obese Zucker rat. PMID- 7316463 TI - [Sex hormones, physical work and glucose and lipid metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - Physical work reduce insulinmia after glucose load, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides by intact rat at normal diet or diet enriched with sucrose, or beef fat, or both. By the male rat at normal diet or enriched with sucrose + beef fat castration increase insulin secretion. -1) Glycemia by those at work with diet rich in sucrose with or without beef fat, -2) Oestrogens increase triglyceridemia by castrated at diet rich in sucrose or beef fat but physical work suppress those increase. By the female at normal diet or enriched with sucrose and at recastration increase insulinemia after glucose load; castration increase insulinemia by female at work with diet enriched with beef fat or beef fat + sucrose. Castration increase the fall of triglyceridemia at work except by those at diet enriched with sucrose and those receiving testosterone and at diet enriched with sucrose + beef fat. PMID- 7316465 TI - [Treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes by continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin (author's transl)]. AB - Blood glucose levels were measured in 2 groups of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes during continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin. Results demonstrated that continuous insulin infusion in totally insulin-dependent patients provides control of the diabetes comparable to that obtained by conventional optimized insulin therapy. Furthermore, the good control of blood glucose levels following infusion may permit remission in patients in whom the diabetes is of recent onset. PMID- 7316466 TI - Ionophoretic property of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas: competition between H+ and Ca2+. PMID- 7316467 TI - Differences in genetic stability between human cell lines from patients with and without lymphoreticular malignancy. AB - Isoenzymes determined by 11 loci have been examined in 137 human lymphoblastoid lines of various origins with a view to determining their phenotypic stability in culture. Lines of normal origin are stable and at these loci are phenotypically identical to the individuals from whom they are derived. Lymphomas and some lines from patients with leukaemias show a tendency to increased apparent homozygosity, presumably resulting from loss of expression of one or other allele during culture. Taken together with the cytogenetic evidence this suggests that progressive loss of functional parts of the genome with time in culture is a characteristic of lines derived from malignant lymphoid cells. PMID- 7316468 TI - A cytogenetic study of 1000 spontaneous abortions. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of 1000 spontaneous abortions showed 463 to have an abnormal chromosome constitution. The proportion of chromosome abnormalities varied with the gestational age of the abortus and the type of tissue cultured but was not significantly different among the five racial groups represented in the study population. It was suggested that differences in the rate of chromosome abnormalities among cytogenetic studies of spontaneous abortions were the result of methodological differences in sample selection rather than real biological variation among study populations. The only factor found to be unequivocally associated with the aetiology of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions was increasing maternal age in trisomies. PMID- 7316469 TI - Genetic linkage relation to the pepsinogen Pg5 locus. AB - Linkage relations between pepsinogen Pg5 and 28 genetic marker loci have been analyzed in Norwegian families. No strong hint of linkage was found. Linkage to Pg5 in males has been ruled out below 25% recombination for HLA and GPT, below 20% recombination for Rh, PGM1, ACP, Gc, MNSs, PGM3, and Gm and Pi, below 15% recombination for Hp, below 10% recombination for Fy, ABO, C3 and Jk and below 4% for Kell, Tf, C6, Km and Le(Se). Possibilities of loose linkages include Pg5-C6 and Pg5-MNSs, both of which should be followed up. PMID- 7316470 TI - Epistasis effect: an alternative to the hypothesis of linkage disequilibrium in HLA associated diseases. PMID- 7316471 TI - The effect of ignoring the correlation among siblings on the bias of the variance of a parent-child regression coefficient. PMID- 7316472 TI - The applicability of the Hardy-Weinberg principle in the study of populations. PMID- 7316473 TI - An empirical test of the two-threshold model of disease transmission. AB - Recent research on diabetes mellitus has revealed the existence of at least two independent subtypes. The multifactorial analysis method suggested by Reich & co workers (1972) for testing the independence of transmission between subtypes of a complex disorder agrees with this distinction. These techniques were also sensitive to the non-unitary nature of the mental retardation within a sample of subjects drawn from the data set of Reed & Reed (1965). Therefore, we believe that this analysis could be a valuable adjunct to the limited repertoire of methods currently available to psychiatric researchers for dealing with issues of differential diagnosis. PMID- 7316474 TI - Polymorphism of human c5. AB - C5 is polymorphic in Melanesians and related peoples. The polymorphism is demonstrated by isoelectric focusing and functional detection. Inheritance is autosomal and codominant. Preliminary linkage data suggest that C5 is not close to HLA. PMID- 7316475 TI - Activity of adenosine deaminase allelic forms in intact erythrocytes and in lymphocytes. AB - The distribution of ADA activity has been studied for ADA 1 and ADA 2-1 individuals in intact and lysed erythrocytes and in lymphocyte lysates. ADA activity in intact RBC is 20-30% lower than in lysates, in lymphocytes it is 10 times higher. The difference between ADA 1 and ADA 2-1 mean enzyme activities which we previously described in RBC lysates has been found also in intact RBC and in lymphocyte lysates. PMID- 7316476 TI - The MNSs blood groups of families with chromosome 4 rearrangements. PMID- 7316478 TI - Estimating the origins of human trisomics and triploids. PMID- 7316477 TI - Tooth sizes in two males with deletions of the long arm of the Y-chromosome. AB - Permanent and deciduous tooth crown sizes in two males with deletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome and their first-degree relatives were examined. The first proband with a deletion in the proximal part of Yq11 showed definitely smaller teeth than his father or population control males. The second proband with a deletion in the distal part of Yq11 showed large or normal sized teeth compared to his brother or population control males. These data support the results of earlier studies indicating a promoting effect of the Y chromosome on tooth growth, and suggest that the location of the growth-promoting gene(s) is in Yq11. It is postulated that statural growth is affected by the same gene(s). PMID- 7316479 TI - Complementation analysis of human sialidase deficiency using natural substrates. AB - Complementation analysis by somatic cell hybridization to produce heterokaryons has shown that at least three complementation groups exist within the disorders in which the enzyme sialidase is deficient. We have confirmed these results by electrophoretic analysis of two glycoprotein enzymes, adenosine deaminase and acid phosphatase, which show aberrant electrophoretic mobilities in these disorders. These abnormal forms, which have excess sialic acid bound, disappear on complementation and are replaced by normal mobility components. It is suggested that the sialidase produced on complementation uses the abnormal forms as natural substrates and that they may represent normal intermediates in the processing of glycoprotein enzymes. PMID- 7316480 TI - Glucose dehydrogenase polymorphism in man. AB - An isoelectric focusing method for human GDH is described which reveals seven GDH phenotypes. Family studies demonstrate that the variation is genetically determined by three alleles at an autosomal locus with gene frequencies GDH1 = 0.723, GDH2 = 0.194, GDH3 = 0.083. Linkage analysis shows that GDH may be closely linked to PGD on chromosome 1. PMID- 7316481 TI - Mapping by gene dosage, using aneuploid human lymphoid cell lines. AB - Human lymphoblastoid cell lines evolve in vitro by the emergence of successive waves of clones which are often chromosomally marked. This offers the opportunity to compare tissue samples of the same genetic origin but differing in certain defined parts of the karyotype. Using selected sets of lines in which the members of genetically matched pairs differed in the number of copies of 8p or of 12p, levels of GSR and LDH B respectively have been shown to correlate with the specific chromosome aberrations, supporting existing data on the regional assignment of these two structural loci. This approach represents a useful addition to established methods for human gene mapping. PMID- 7316482 TI - Juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes: a possible susceptibility gene in interaction with HLA. AB - A model with a susceptibility gene unlinked to HLA but in interaction with this system is shown to fit the data on familial distribution in 30 multiplex families of juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 7316483 TI - Natural selection associated with birth weight. II. Stabilizing and directional components. AB - The differences of birth-weight distributions before and after selection by the different components of perinatal mortality were studied for all single babies born in Italy in 1974. It was found that: (i) In mature babies the selection is mainly stabilizing while the directional type is almost negligible. (ii) In immature babies both stabilizing and directional selection are at work, greatly modifying the birth weight distributions. PMID- 7316484 TI - A note on isonymy in a Bhatia leut. PMID- 7316485 TI - New genetic variants of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in Italy. AB - Six new variants of human erythrocyte G6PD have been characterized. All of them were found in Italian males and all were associated with enzyme deficiency, but only two with signs of haemolysis. These and other variants reported in the literature, which must thus far be regarded as sporadic, are found to map in parts of Italy where common types of G6PD deficiency are also prevalent. PMID- 7316486 TI - The lateral, third, and fourth ventricle choroid plexus of the dog: a structural and ultrastructural study. AB - The morphology of the choroid plexuses of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles in dogs was studied by histological and ultrastructural techniques after in situ fixation. Most portions of the plexus in the lateral ventricle showed a parallel arrangement of capillaries, producing a fine corrugation of the overlying layer of epithelial cells. Relatively large amounts of connective tissue separated the capillaries from the epithelium. The fourth ventricle choroid plexus showed short capillary loops projecting into the ventricle and more intimately covered by epithelium. Smaller amounts of connective tissue separated the capillaries from the epithelium. The choroid plexus of the third ventricle showed characteristics seen in the plexuses of both the lateral and fourth ventricles. The total surface of the choroid plexuses in the dog averaged 10.7 cm2, of which 55% was fourth ventricle choroid plexus. PMID- 7316487 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia among Filipino migrants to Guam. AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has occurred in 9 Filipino migrants to Guam 1 to 29 years after their arrival and parkinsonism-dementia (PD) in 2 migrants 13 and 26 years after arrival. Seven additional Filipino patients developed more classic Parkinson disease (P) 5 to 24 years after their migration to Guam. Furthermore, 10 part-Filipino patients who were born on Guam of Filipino and Chamorro parentage developed ALS, while 6 such part-Filipino patients developed PD. An estimate of the average annual crude mortality rate for ALS among Filipino migrants was approximately six times that of the continental United States, yet half that currently observed among Chamorros living on Guam. A majority of all migrant patients were born in northwestern Luzon in the Philippine Islands, indicating the desirability of an intensive field epidemiological investigation in that area. PMID- 7316488 TI - Olivopontocerebellar atrophy in children: a report of seven cases in two families. AB - We present seven cases of progressive ataxia with onset in childhood along with pathological findings in three patients. One patient showed pure cerebellar degeneration and had no visual changes. His brother had classic changes of olivopontocerebellar atrophy with profound amyotrophy but no visual changes. A third family member had similar findings with pathological findings intermediate in severity between the first two. The mother and daughter, who are living, are ataxic and have macular degeneration. In a second pedigree, all patients affected in three generations were male, but the disease began during adulthood in the first two generations. Myoclonic seizures occurred in the majority of patients. PMID- 7316489 TI - Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity of globoid cell leukodystrophy. AB - The residual galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from a child with late-onset globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) was distinctly different from that found in the typical infantile form of the disease. The residual enzyme activity and maximum velocity of the enzyme reaction were higher in this patient, while the Michaelis constant was similar in controls and in the two forms of GLD. The pH optimum of enzyme activity from the patient was similar to that of controls and a more acidic pH optimum was found in the infantile form. Cultured skin fibroblasts from the patient accumulated less [6(3)H]-galactosylceramide than did cells from the infantile form. These various biochemical measurements correlated well with the age of onset of the disease and suggest that different allelic mutations of the galactosylceramide beta galactosidase locus are responsible for the different clinical forms of GLD. PMID- 7316490 TI - Regional activities of metabolic enzymes and glutamate decarboxylase in human brain. AB - Interpretation of biochemical measurements in the human brain after death is complicated by a variety of premortem, perimortem, and postmortem factors. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in particular has been found to vary considerably among human brains. In contrast to neurotransmitter-associated enzymes, metabolic enzymes are present in all brain cells and should not be specifically lost by patterned neuronal cell loss such as that which occurs in Parkinson disease. We compared the activity of GAD to that of the metabolic enzymes creatine kinase (CK), adenylate kinase, hexokinase, beta-glucuronidase, and malate, lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitrate dehydrogenases in 24 regions of six human brains. Of the metabolic enzymes, only CK showed a 5-fold variation approaching that of GAD. Like GAD, CK activity was stable postmortem, but its activity was apparently inversely related to the severity and duration of the preterminal illness. CK may be a useful marker of agonal deterioration. PMID- 7316491 TI - Neurological manifestations of accidental hypothermia. AB - In a series of 97 patients with accidental hypothermia, alcohol abuse and Wernicke's encephalopathy were prominent causes. Pulse, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate were all found to decline with decreasing temperature, and there were significant changes (p less than 0.01) in level of consciousness, pupillary response, reflexes, and muscle tone. However, even in the lowest temperature range (20 degrees to 27 degrees C, or 68 degrees to 80 degrees F), 6 of 18 patients remained verbally responsive and 10 had intact reflexes. Neither eye movement abnormalities nor extensor plantar responses correlated directly with the degree of hypothermia. PMID- 7316492 TI - Familial hemiplegic migraine: EEG and CT scan study of two cases. AB - The cases of a woman and her son with a long history (24 and 9 years, respectively) of hemiplegic migraine are presented. The mother demonstrated exclusively right-sided paralysis; in the son, paralysis occurred on each side. Electroencephalograms recorded during the attacks were characterized by pseudoperiodic slow sharp waves over the hemisphere contralateral to the hemiplegia. Between attacks the neurological examination and EEG were normal. CT scans performed during and between attacks showed no abnormalities. PMID- 7316493 TI - Recovery from aphasia: conclusions were beyond the data. PMID- 7316494 TI - Plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7316495 TI - Gastric outlet obstruction in a patient with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7316496 TI - Hyperprolactinemia may have a therapeutic role in Parkinson disease. PMID- 7316497 TI - Atypical ocular bobbing. PMID- 7316498 TI - Palatal myoclonus and carbamazepine. PMID- 7316499 TI - Age changes in weight and linear measurements of the two communities of Punjab (India) with special reference to senescence. AB - A cross-sectional study of morphological age changes with special reference to senescence has been conducted on the females of the Jat-Sikh and Bania communities of Punjab (India). These two communities are endogamous at caste level. The Jat-Sikh is traditionally an agriculturist community, mostly residing in the villages, whereas the Bania is traditionally a trading community and is living in cities. The data were collected during 1975-76 on 502 Jat-Sikh and 510 Bania females, ranging in age from 20 to 80 years. Weight, stature, sitting height and subischial length have been reported in the present paper. A peak in weight of 54.53 kg at age-group 40-44 in Jat-Sikhs and 58.01 kg at age-group 45 49 in Banias have been observed after which a decline sets in. The stature as been found to decrease continuously with advancing age from age group 20-24 in Bania and 30-34 in Jat-Sikhs up to age group 70+ giving a total decrement of 5.78 cm in Jat-Sikhs and 8.66 cm in Banias. Sitting height seems to play a major role in the shrinkage of stature contributing about 4.50 cm in Jat-Sikhs and 6.71 cm in Banias, whereas subischial length has been found to decrease only by 1.65 cm in Jat-Sikhs and 1.95 cm in Bania females. The females of the present series have been compared with American, British and rural Colombian females. PMID- 7316500 TI - [Methodologic problems in the measurement of somatometric characteristics]. AB - With respect to difficult research conditions the problems of taking biologically relevant somatometric measurements for the determination of habitus variants are discussed. Under consideration of these difficulties several somatometric characters are selected by comparing the correlations based on the data of two series measured by the authors and three series taken from literature. However, attention is drawn to the fact that no complete characterization of habitus variants will result by means of these few measurements but yet some important relevant criteria. PMID- 7316501 TI - [Development of the frontal sinuses]. AB - Variability studies on frontal sinuses, covering the age range from childhood to adulthood have been neglected in literature up to now. On a total of 215 children and youths from 3-17 years (117 boys and 98 girls), the growth rate of the frontal sinuses had been examined. The difference between males and females proved to be quite interesting. The frontal sinuses of girls increase evenly in size during the years, whereby from 1-5 years the development runs parallel with boys and girls. From 8-12 years the growth rate of male frontal sinuses is very low, causing a retardation of growth on boys in comparison to girls. After that period, however, a substantial acceleration of the growth rate takes place, so, that at the age from 14-15 years the frontal sinuses of the males have surpassed the female ones referring to size. At the age of 18 years the forming of frontal sinuses can be considered as finished. PMID- 7316502 TI - [The torus palatinus]. AB - The existing investigations about the Torus palatinus are not comparable. The tori are not described in all morphological details and very often without quantitative registrations. The present paper tries to show an economic way of quantifying and describing the Torus palatinus. Skulls from Griesheim (Kreis Darmstadt-Dieburg, Western Germany; "Frankisches Graberfeld"), Langd (Kreis Giessen, West Germany; "Alter Friedhof"), India and Pakistan, as well as crania of a population of chimpanzees from Eastern Liberia have been investigated. In the series from Griesheim and Langd the Torus palatinus was found in 32.7% and 34.5% respectively, in the examined crania from India and Pakistan the torus appears only in 3.7% of the individuals. The skulls of the chimpanzees from Eastern Liberia show the Torus palatinus much more frequently than it has been observed until now (in 17% of the crania). PMID- 7316503 TI - [Population biology of North Germany. Comparative growth study of school children in Bremen and the rural surroundings]. AB - Body weight and body height measurements have been carried out on two samples of n = 1236 pupils between 8 and 16 years of age from schools in Bremen and of n = 1401 pupils of the same age group from the rural surroundings of Bremen. From this information the values of the Rohrer-index and body surface have been calculated for each individual. The differences in these four anthropometric parameters between the rural and urban children were analysed by sex and age. PMID- 7316504 TI - [Changes in skinfold thickness of extremities and head in childhood and their relation to the Rohrer index]. PMID- 7316505 TI - Immunological and biophysical alteration of hepatitis B virus antigens by sodium hypochlorite disinfection. AB - Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was examined as an effective disinfectant in hepatitis laboratories. Concentrations of NaOCl containing 5,600 ppm (5,600 microgram/ml) of available chlorine were found to be effective in destroying the antigenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in virion-rich plasma after an exposure time of 1 min or more. In the treatment of protein-deficient solutions containing HBsAg, smaller concentrations of available chlorine (less than 500 pm) are equally effective. Neither 17-to 25-nm HBsAg particles nor 45-nm virion particles could be detected by electron microscopy after treatment. chemical interaction of protein and NaOCl was confirmed by isoelectrofocusing of 125I-labeled HBsAg. More than 90% of the labeled material was found at pH 3.0 or lower, indicating complete antigen oxidation. Labeled HBsAg was reduced in density from 1.21 g/cm3 in CsCl to approximately 1.07 g/cm3 after treatment with NaOCl. Both hepatitis B core antigen and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase activity were significantly reduced after interaction with hypochlorite solutions. These results show that NaOCl destroys hepatitis B antigenicity and virus structures and therefore may be utilized as a disinfectant for the virus. PMID- 7316506 TI - Glycine-containing selective medium for isolation of Legionellaceae from environmental specimens. AB - Glycine, at a final concentration of 0.3%, has been shown to be an excellent selective agent for the isolation of Legionellaceae. Stock cultures of Legionella pneumophila were not inhibited on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar containing the amino acid. Among the other Legionellaceae tested, only one of two strains of L. dumoffii and two of six strains of L. micdadei were appreciably inhibited. This medium permitted the isolation of L. pneumophila from environmental specimens with marked inhibition of many non-Legionellaceae bacteria. The selectivity of the medium was subsequently improved by the incorporation of vancomycin (5 microgram/ml) and polymyxin B (100 U/ml). This selective medium, glycine-vancomycin-polymyxin B agar, should facilitate the recovery of Legionellaceae from environmental sources. PMID- 7316507 TI - Verruculogen Produced by soil fungi in England and Wales. AB - Soil fungi, including Aspergillus fischeri, Penicillium piceum, Penicillium nigricans, and Penicillium raistrickii, produced a tremorgenic toxin previously described as toxin X. Chemical analysis showed that this toxin was predominantly verruculogen. PMID- 7316508 TI - A-1 medium: alternative technique for fecal coliform organism enumeration in chlorinated wastewaters. AB - A 24-h most-probable-number technique using A-1 medium for detecting fecal coliforms in chlorinated wastewaters was evaluated. The A-1 medium technique, using 3 h of preincubation at 35 degrees C, gave results statistically equivalent to those obtained with the American Public Health Association Standard Methods two-step most-probable-number technique. PMID- 7316509 TI - Detection of Clostridium botulinum type G toxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Clostridium botulinum type G toxin was detected and quantified readily with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. With the double-sandwich technique and alkaline phosphatase as the enzyme indicator, C. botulinum toxin type G was detected in quantities equaling those required for one mouse intraperitoneal median lethal dose. The time required for the procedure was approximately 6.5 h, but this requirement could have been reduced to 5.5 h or less with the use of precoated plates stored at -70 degrees C. Cross-reactions did not occur with culture extracts of C. sporogenes of C. botulinum types B, C, D, E, and F. Acidic preparations of C. botulinum type A exhibited nonspecific reactivity. Likewise, 50% of the C. subterminale isolates tested were cross-reactive in the assay. These latter isolates express similar metabolic and physiological characteristics with C. botulinum type G. PMID- 7316510 TI - Occurrence of Rhodococcus coprophilus and associated actinomycetes in feces, sewage, and freshwater. AB - Freshwater, sewage, and fecal samples from various sources were examined for Rhodococcus coprophilus, associated actinomycetes, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococci. Rhodococcus coprophilus was isolated consistently from feces of farm animals, poultry reared in proximity to farm animals, freshwater, and wastewater polluted with animal fecal wastes. It was not isolated from samples of human feces. The ratio of R. coprophilus total actinomycetes was higher in feces from cattle, sheep, ducks, and geese than in specimens from pigs, horses, and fowl. In samples from two freshwater streams polluted by fecal material from farm animals, the ratios of R. copropilus to total actinomycetes were similar to those found in fecal specimens from cattle and sheep. Ratios of fecal coliform to fecal streptococci could not distinguish between fresh human and animal fecal samples and, furthermore, were not reflected in the stream waters polluted by animal fecal material. R. coprophilus has potential in water and dairy bacteriology as a specific indicator organism of fecal pollution due to farm animal wastes. PMID- 7316511 TI - Role of pH, lactate, and anaerobiosis in controlling the growth of some fermentative Gram-negative bacteria on beef. AB - At 5 degrees C four strains of fermentative, gram-negative bacteria (Serratia liquefaciens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Enterobacter cloacae, and Aeromonas hydrophila) grew aerobically and anaerobically on adipose tissue removed from beef muscle of low pH (5.4 to 5.6). All four strains also grew aerobically and anaerobically on muscle tissue of high pH (6.0 to 6.3). However, none of the four grew anaerobically on beef muscle of low pH, and the aeromonad strain also failed to grow aerobically on such muscle. Growth of S. liquefaciens and E.cloacae on vacuum-packaged beef muscle was dependent on the pH of the tissue and the oxygen transmission rate of the packaging film. Although the four strains grew in broth buffered at pH 5.55, L-lactate, at the concentration found in muscle of low pH (ca. 100 mM), prevented anaerobic growth of all four isolates and prevented the aerobic growth of th aeromonad. At pH 6.1 in buffered broth, the concentration of L-lactate occurring in muscle of high pH did not prevent aerobic or anaerobic growth of any of the strains. PMID- 7316512 TI - Formation of (4R)- and (4S)-4-hydroxyochratoxin A from ochratoxin A by liver microsomes from various species. AB - Two metabolic products were formed from ochratoxin A by human, pig, and rat liver microsomal fractions in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. They were isolated from the incubation mixture in the presence of pig liver microsomes by extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography Their structures are suggested to be (4R)- and (4S)-4 hydroxyochratoxin A on the basis of mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Km and the maximum velocity for the formation of the two metabolites by human, pig, and rat microsomes were determined. Their formation was inhibited by carbon monoxide and metyrapone. The results indicate that the microsomal hydroxylation system is a cytochrome P-450 and that different species are involved in the formation of the two epimeric forms of 4-hydroxyochratoxin A. PMID- 7316515 TI - [Theory and cognitive treatment of depressive states]. PMID- 7316513 TI - Salivary syndrome in horses: identification of slaframine in red clover hay. AB - An outbreak of salivary syndrome in horses in North Carolina was investigated. Rhizoctonia leguminicola was the predominant fungus isolated from toxic red clover hay. The fungus was less prevalent in the hay after 10 months of storage, and the hay had also decreased in biological activity after 10 months. Toxic hay caused extreme salivation, piloerection, respiratory distress, and increased frequency of defecation when fed to guinea pigs, and purified extracts of toxic hay and pure slaframine elicited these same responses when injected intraperitoneally into guinea pigs. The freshly acquired hay, based on the biological (slobber-producing) activity in hay and in purified extracts, contained the equivalent to 50 to 100 ppm (50 to 100 microgram/g) of slaframine, but this level had decreased after 10 months by about 10-fold to about 7 ppm. Slaframine and seven synthetic derivates of slaframine were used in presumptive gas-liquid chromatographic identification of this mycotoxin. Slaframine (1 acetoxy-6-amino-octahydroindolizine) was identified in purified extracts of toxic hay by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after preparative thin-layer chromatography. This was the first direct identification of slaframine in toxic red clove hay. PMID- 7316514 TI - Short incubation of presumptive media for detection of fecal coliforms in shellfish. AB - Positive fecal coliform most-probable number results were compiled from 7,701 shellfish samples examined over 9 years. Generally, less than 2% of all positive reactions in EC medium are results of inoculations from presumptive media positive at the maximum (48-h) incubation period. PMID- 7316517 TI - [Society and depression]. PMID- 7316516 TI - [Psychosomatic equivalents of depression]. PMID- 7316519 TI - Dermal myiasis: the porcine lipid cure. PMID- 7316518 TI - [Depression: psychotherapeutic viewpoint]. PMID- 7316520 TI - Intercellular deposits of complement in skin of patients with pemphigus. PMID- 7316521 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in an epidermal cyst. PMID- 7316522 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease: late onset of skin lesions only, in two siblings. PMID- 7316523 TI - Acquired digital fibroma of the lip. PMID- 7316524 TI - Ultraviolet A (UV-A) and cholestatic pruritus. PMID- 7316525 TI - Dermatologic radiotherapy 1981. PMID- 7316526 TI - Autosomal recessive prolidase deficiency. Three patients with recalcitrant ulcers. AB - Three patients had prolidase deficiencies. The family pedigree of these three patients suggests that this rare disorder is inherited through an autosomal recessive gene. this genodermatosis is characterized by a number of signs and symptoms referable to the skin, CNS, teeth, ears, nose, throat, eyes, bones, and joints. Among the skin changes, recalcitrant leg ulcers are the most characteristic. At this time, there is no established method of treatment of this rare disorder, but the use of dapsone was helpful in the treatment of one of our patients. PMID- 7316527 TI - Comparison of once-daily and twice-daily ultraviolet radiation treatments in psoriasis. AB - Nine patients with chronic, stable, plaque-type psoriasis were treated with coal tar and sunlamp fluorescent irradiation. Symmetrical plaques were used to compare the effects of one ultraviolet radiation (UVR) treatment daily with two UVR treatments daily. We could not demonstrate any substantial difference in response. The use of one UVR exposure daily, with coal tar, offers a convenient and cost-efficient method for an outpatient Goeckerman treatment. PMID- 7316528 TI - Anthralin. Different concentration effects on epidermal cell DNA synthesis rates in mice and clinical responses in human psoriasis. AB - There had been recent interest in psoriasis treatment regimens with low anthralin concentrations of 0.01% and 0.05%. These regimens used salicylic acid, coal emollient baths, and ultraviolet energy. We were interested in evaluating the effects of different concentrations of anthralin without adjunctive therapy. We studied the effects of anthralin on epidermal cell DNA synthesis in hairless mice and found that, in concentrations between 0.1% and 0.4%, anthralin produced significant suppression. However, 0.05%, 0.025%,and 0.01% anthralin failed to inhibit DNA synthesis. Clinical studies of 0.05% and 0.1% anthralin in a water-in soil emulsion (Eucerin) were performed on 14 patients with psoriasis. Psoriasis severity was scored before and during the period of anthralin use and showed a significant improvement in 0.1% anthralin-treated sites. No significant differences were noted between 0.05% anthralin-treated areas and those areas treated with the vehicle alone. PMID- 7316529 TI - Ashy dermatosis. An apoptotic disease? AB - Of nine patients with ashy dermatosis, eight were women; most were young adults when the dermatosis began. The incidences of atopy (five patients) and thyroid disease (three patients) were striking. Although some of the patients were clinically atypical, histologic study in all cases showed basal cell vacuolation, Civatte bodies, pigmentary incontinence, and a mild perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy, performed in four cases, showed igM cytoid bodies. We hypothesize that the postinflammatory hyperpigmentation in ashy dermatosis and, perhaps, in other dermatoses may occur on the basis of basal cell apoptosis. PMID- 7316530 TI - Antibodies to melanocytes. Occurrence in patients with vitiligo and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. AB - The prevalence of antibodies to melanocytes was determined by an immunofluorescence complement fixation technique in 294 patients with vitiligo, other pigmentary disorders, and unrelated dermatoses. Antimelanocyte antibodies were present in the sera of five (29%) of 17 patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Only two of the five patients with antibodies had vitiligo. No antibodies to melanocytes were found in the sera of 31 patients with common vitiligo or of 38 patients with vitiligo associated with autoimmune diseases or melanoma. Nor were antibodies to melanocytes found in 129 patients with other diseases of pigment-producing cells or in a control group of 79 patients with nonpigmentary dermatoses. These results suggest that complement fixing antibodies to melanocytes are associated wih chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis but are not involved in the pathogenesis of common vitiligo. PMID- 7316531 TI - Erythema nodosum in an epidemic of histoplasmosis in Indianapolis. AB - Eleven patients seen at the Indiana University Medical Center and the Indianapolis Veterans Administration Hospital had erythema nodosum complicating a histoplasmosis infection. A massive, severe outbreak of histoplasmosis occurred in Indianapolis between September 1978 and August 1979. Four hundred thirty-five laboratory-confirmed cases were reported, although serologic findings suggested that from 20,000 to 200,000 persons were actually infected. During this epidemic, 18 (4.1%) of 435 patients were initially seen with erythema nodosum. Ten of 11 patients seen at the Indiana University Medical Center were women, and nine of 11 patients were seen during the first half of the epidemic; race was not a predisposing factor. Seven of 11 patients had respiratory or rheumatologic complaints. None of these 11 patients had evidence of dissemination, died, or required specific antifungal treatment. PMID- 7316532 TI - Familial urticaria pigmentosa with giant mast cell granules. A clinical, light, and electron microscopic study. AB - Urticaria pigmentosa (UP) developed in two sisters in infancy. The lesions in both patients contained an extensive infiltration of large, tightly packed mast cells. The number of mast cells and the histamine content were increased in the lesions of both patients and also in the clinically normal skin of one subject. A proportion of mast cells in lesional and perilesional skin was found, by light microscopy, to contain giant cytoplasmic granules that, on electron microscopy, were noted to reach a maximum size of about 6 mum in diameter and to have an abnormal ultrastructure. Giant granules were not seen in other cell types, including neutrophils and melanocytes. The findings suggest that genetic factors are important in determining this variant of UP and that the disease may be more widespread in the skin than the eruption indicates. PMID- 7316533 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa letalis associated with congenital pyloric atresia. AB - A 32-week-old (gestational age) female infant with epidermolysis bullosa letalis (EBL) (confirmed by light and electron microscopy) had a gastric-outlet obstruction on routine roentgenographic examination. An autopsy showed a fibrous cord connecting the stomach and first part of the duodenum in the area of the pylorus. A review of the literature indicated 12 additional cases of epidermolysis bullosa (EBL where type was confirmed) associated with pyloric atresia. The possibility of coexistent pyloric atresia should be considered in a newborn who has suspected EBL. PMID- 7316534 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis caused by olive wood jewelry. AB - A case of allergic contact dermatitis to olive wood occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive patch tests to scrapings from olive wood and to the quinone compound fractions isolated from an extract of olive wood by thin-layer chromatography. The sensitizing properties of olive wood were proved by experimental sensitization of two guinea pigs that reacted positively to a raw extract an to the fractionated quinone compounds from olive wood after sensitization. The chemical analysis made has shown, for the first time, that olive wood contains quinoid compounds belonging to the same group as the strong sensitizers desoxylapachol from teakwood and the dalbergiones from Brazilian and East Indian rosewood. However, compared with teakwood and rosewood, olive wood can only be considered a relatively weak sensitizer. PMID- 7316535 TI - Dermal mucinosis in discoid lupus erythematosus. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) had lesions exhibiting prominent atrophy and telangiectasia. At the time of biopsy, the skin specimens were grossly mucinous. Light and immunofluorescence microscopy findings confirmed the diagnosis of DLE in both cases. Abundant mucin deposition throughout the dermis was also seen microscopically in both cases. Although secondary mucinosis is known to occur in LE, cases with massive mucinous change, ie, those reported herein, have apparently not been recorded. Mucinosis is not considered important in the histologic diagnosis of LE but may create some confusion with other mucinous disorders. PMID- 7316537 TI - Molecular basis of dermatologic disease. AB - Dermatology is evolving from a discipline based on morphologic observation and empiric treatments to a more creative, active medical specialty that emphasizes specific treatments based on a growing collection of cellular an molecular information about skin and skin disease. Sound, respectable work is being done. We should do whatever is possible to encourage further productivity. A recent meeting sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization provided a forum for the scientist-dermatologist to summarize and survey what is known about the molecular basis of the function of skin and pathophysiologic disorders of skin. The meeting necessarily included articles on inflammation, connective tissue, immunology, photobiology, and other disciplines woven into dermatology research. We are beginning to understand the integument, and our modest success shows that much more is to be done an that we are enlisting impressive tools and good people to pursue the work. PMID- 7316536 TI - Extensive botryomycosis in a patient with diabetes and chronic active hepatitis. AB - Extensive botryomycosis was diagnosed in a patient with diabetes mellitus with chronic active hepatitis. Peptostreptococcus organisms and Staphylococcus aureus grew from the sulfur granule cultures. The patient's neutrophils showed notable inhibition of chemotaxis toward endotoxin-activated normal serum. The patient's serum also had an inhibitor to neutrophil chemotaxis, This inhibiting substance was probably antistreptolysin O. Results of other tests of neutrophil function and skin tests to evaluate cell-mediated immunity were normal. PMID- 7316538 TI - Pathology quiz case 1: warty dyskeratoma. PMID- 7316539 TI - Pathology quiz case 2: lymphatoid papulosis. PMID- 7316540 TI - Etretinate in the treatment of juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris. PMID- 7316541 TI - Vitiligo and polyglandular autoimmune disease with autoantibodies to melanin producing cells. A new syndrome? PMID- 7316542 TI - Neonatal pityriasis versicolor. PMID- 7316543 TI - Red palms and orange palms. PMID- 7316544 TI - Cryotherapy for herpes simplex infections. PMID- 7316545 TI - Methoxsalen serum level variations in psoralen and ultraviolet-A (PUVA) therapy. PMID- 7316546 TI - Potassium iodide and vasculitis. PMID- 7316547 TI - Wells' syndrome: recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. PMID- 7316548 TI - Onychomadesis associated with pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 7316549 TI - Treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis with methotrexate and colchicine. PMID- 7316550 TI - Microscopically controlled surgery in the treatment of carcinoma of the scalp. AB - Complete microscopic control of the excision of carcinomas of the scalp is of special benefit, because, in this location, there is an unusual tendency for outgrowths to extend for considerable distances beyond the clinically apparent borders of the neoplasms. Microscopic control is achieved through layer-by-layer excision of cancerous tissue and the use of frozen sections for systematic microscopic scanning of the undersurface of each layer. The reliability of this technique is demonstrated by the treatment results obtained in a series of 576 basal cell carcinomas. The cure rate for the 444 patients who were observed for five years or longer was 98.9%. In a series of 131 patients with squamous cell carcinomas, the cure rate for the 83 patients who were observed for five years or more was 98.8%. Conservation of maximal amounts of normal tissue is an added benefit of the microscopic control technique. PMID- 7316551 TI - Hyperthermia in the treatment of psoriasis. AB - The effectiveness of commercially available, chemically generated, topical exothermic pads that elevate skin surface temperature from 42 to 43 degrees C was stressed in 22 patients with psoriasis. Control sites were treated with conventional modalities such as Goeckerman's regimen, as well as with occlusion with nonexothermic pads. Skin lesions in 19 patients disappeared after the use of hyperthermia. The average time required for complete regression in the treated areas was 27 days with hyperthermia, compared with 44 days with Goeckerman's regimen. There were no hyperthermic side effects. Seventeen patients whose skin lesions disappeared with the use of both hyperthermia and Goeckerman's regimen were subsequently reexamined. The hyperthermia produced an equal or longer duration of remission than did Goeckerman's regimen. PMID- 7316552 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma. An update on the results of extended field radiotherapy. AB - This report reviews the results of extended field radiotherapy (EFR) in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. During the 22-year period that is under study, 54 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma were seen and 38 were treated with EFR. Thirty patients had spontaneous Kaposi's sarcoma and eight had received immunosuppressive therapy. Extended field radiotherapy is compared with both local methods of radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. It was concluded that EFR is the treatment of choice because of its simplicity, high disease-control rate, and lack of complications in patients without systemic disease manifestations. PMID- 7316553 TI - Clinical and histopathologic correlation of midge bites. AB - Many species of files viciously bite humans and animals. I had the opportunity to observe such bites by the gnat Leptoconops torrens during a recent epidemic that occurred in an inland desert area of California. The bite may produce an urticarial wheal, but, more characteristically, it induces formation of a hard, indolent, pruritic papule. In biopsy specimens taken within three days after the bite, the superficial infiltrate was composed or lymphocytes and histiocytes, while eosinophils were the preponderant cell found in the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat. These clinical and histopathologic findings are similar to those reported for the bite of the blackfly, Simulium. PMID- 7316554 TI - Eruptive keratoacanthoma with an internal malignant neoplasm. AB - A 65-year-old woman had hundreds of tumors on the sun-exposed portions of her body and similar lesions in her mouth. All biopsy specimens showed changes consistent with the diagnosis of keratoacanthoma. Further examination of this patient disclosed an asymptomatic ovarian carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of the rare disorder of eruptive keratoacanthoma to occur in a patient with an internal malignant neoplasm. PMID- 7316555 TI - Generalized dermal melanocytosis. AB - A female infant was born with generalized blue-gray discoloration of the skin. Light microscopy demonstrated the diffuse distribution of dihydroxyphenylalanine positive, dermal melanocytes. Electron microscopy confirmed the identification of the pigment-bearing cells as melanocytes and demonstrated individual melanocytes to be invested with a filamentous extracellular sheath. To our knowledge, comparable, generalized, dermal melanocytosis has not previously been reported in a newborn. PMID- 7316556 TI - Chronic cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare. AB - A 53-year-old woman had multiple ulcerative skin lesions caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare. The original lesions had appeared on her face and upper part of her chest at least 11 years earlier and had progressed slowly to involve large areas of her head and trunk. This unusual skin infection demonstrates chronicity and destructiveness. PMID- 7316557 TI - Dysplastic cutaneous osteomatosis. A unique case of true osteoma. AB - A unique cas of dermal calcification occurred in a 14-month-old femal infant. Results of all pertinent laboratory data obtained on this patient were within normal limits except for an elevation of the heat labile fraction of alkaline phosphatase. A skin biopsy specimen showed irregularly shaped deposits of calcified osteoid with osteoblasts. As yet, neither the cause nor the prognosis of this disease has been delineated. PMID- 7316558 TI - Dysplastic epidermal keratosis in a black woman. AB - Skin cancer is rare in black persons. When it does occur, in most cases it occurs on non-sun-exposed areas. In white persons, most skin cancer occurs in sites that have been exposed to sunlight for long periods. The decreased susceptibility of more darkly pigmented skin to the sequelae of long-term ultraviolet (UV)-energy exposure probably accounts for the low incidence of actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas in black persons. Multiple, dysplastic, epidermal lesions developed in a black woman, which were possibly induced by long term UV-light or heat exposure. Her condition responded well to topical fluorouracil therapy but had an unusual delayed reaction to treatment. PMID- 7316559 TI - Microvascular injury in lymphomatoid granulomatosis involving the skin. An ultrastructural study. AB - An electron microscopic study of a cutaneous lesion of lymphomatoid granulomatosis taken from a patient with pulmonary involvement was performed. Microvascular alterations ranged from mild, degenerative changes to vessel necrosis. Less severe changes included enlarged endothelial cells, with margination of small lymphoid cells in affected vessels. Luminal occlusion by necrotic endothelial cell fragments and fibrin was associated with thickening and reduplication of the basal lamina and an angiocentric, inflammatory infiltrate in severely affected vessels. The most frequently observed cells in the infiltrate were cleaved and noncleaved lymphocytes that exhibited notable cytolysis and degenerative changes in cytoplasmic organelles. We conclude that lymphomatoid granulomatosis involving the skin is a disorder in which substantial numbers of cleaved and noncleaved lymphoid cells participate, eventuating in small-vessel necrosis and occlusion and repeated endothelial cell regeneration. PMID- 7316560 TI - Familial occurrence of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis. PMID- 7316561 TI - Acquired cheek dimple caused by gingivobuccal fibrous band. PMID- 7316562 TI - Human 'seed tick' infestation. Amblyomma americanum larvae. PMID- 7316563 TI - Alopecia universalis. A manifestation of occult amyloidosis and multiple myeloma. PMID- 7316564 TI - Formaldehyde exposure in nonoccupational environments. AB - Free formaldehyde may be released from wood products and foam insulation where urea-formaldehyde resins have been used. From January, 1978 to November, 1979, 100 structures were investigated by the Wisconsin Division of Health after receiving complaints of health problems from occupants. Air samples were collected in midget impingers and analyzed for formaldehyde content by the chromotropic acid procedure. Health information was obtained from the occupants via questionnaires. Mean formaldehyde concentration observed ranged from below the limit of detection to 3.68 ppm. Eye irritation, burning eyes, runny nose, dry or sore throat, headache, and cough were the primary symptoms which were reported by the occupants. Statistically significant associations were seen between formaldehyde levels and age of home/building materials. Observations presented suggest nonoccupational, indoor environmental exposure to formaldehyde is significant and may reach levels which exceed occupational exposure standards. PMID- 7316565 TI - Ozone inhibition of tissue cholinesterase in guinea pigs. AB - This study sought to determine if ozone at levels known to induce bronchial hyperreactivity in guinea pigs would inhibit tissue cholinesterase activity. Male, Hartley guinea pigs were exposed to filtered air, 0.1 ppm ozone, or 0.8 ppm ozone for 1 hr. Two hours after exposure, brain, lung, and diaphragm tissue samples were frozen for assay of cholinesterase activity. Brain cholinesterase activity was only minimally inhibited in either ozone exposure group. Both levels of ozone significantly inhibited lung cholinesterase activity compared to control animals' activity: a 17% decrease in activity in the 0.1 ppm ozone group (P less than .05) and a 16% decrease in the 0.8 ppm ozone group (P less than .05). Ozone at 0.8 ppm also inhibited activity in the diaphragm by 14% (P less than .02). To determine the degree of involvement of cholinesterase inhibition in bronchial hyperreactivity, parathion pretreated animals were challenged with histamine and the pulmonary function changes monitored. Parathion-treated animals had a peak resistance increase of 330 +/- 104% (mean +/- SE), while the control vehicle animals' increase was 165 +/- 48%. The differences were not statistically significant, but show that cholinesterase inhibition may contribute to ozone induced bronchial hyperreactivity. PMID- 7316566 TI - Determination of thio compounds in urine of workers exposed to carbon disulfide. AB - Metabolites of carbon disulfide excreted into the urine of viscose workers are detectable by application of a nonselective assay for the determination of thio compounds. Enhanced secretion of thio compounds occurred especially at the end of the workday in exposed workers. A classification of urine samples according to the degree of exposure gave evidence for a relation between exposure to carbon disulfide and excretion of thio compounds in urine. The presence of 2 thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in urine of viscose workers was indicated by TLC, UV-spectrometry, and HPLC. PMID- 7316567 TI - Biological effects of ingested amosite asbestos, taconite tailings, diatomaceous earth and Lake Superior water in rats. AB - Because amphibole fibers were found in Lake Superior and in Duluth municipal water, this study was initiated to evaluate the carcinogenicity of ingested asbestos. Groups of 22-30 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed asbestos and related materials during their lifetime and were examined at autopsy after spontaneous death. Test materials were unfiltered Duluth city tap water, municipal water reservoir sediment suspension, taconite plant tailings, amosite asbestos (a "low dose" group at 20 mg/rat . day an a high-dose group at 300 mg/rat . day) and diatomaceous earth; a control group drank fiber-free well water or filtered city tap water. Autopsy studies revealed no significant increase in the incidence of malignant tumors in any experimental group compared with that in the control group. PMID- 7316568 TI - Household pesticide usage in the United States. AB - A total of 10,000 U.S. households in 25 standard metropolitan statistical areas and 25 counties were included in the United States. More than 8,200 households granted an interview. Nine of every ten households in the United States used some types of pesticide in their house, garden, or yard. Households in the southeastern United States used the most pesticides. Although more than 500 different pesticide formulations were used by the sampled households, 15 pesticides accounted for 65.5% of all pesticides reported in this study. Thirteen of these 15 pesticides were insecticides, one was a herbicide, and one was a rodenticide. PMID- 7316569 TI - Blood pressure and creatinine clearance in lead-exposed children: the effect of treatment. AB - The authors speculated that normal growth might cause the release of stored lead in children, providing an endogenous source of exposure for years after the acute toxic episode had resolved. The purpose of this study was to answer the following two questions (1) Is a chelation-responsive lead burden present 2 to 5 yr after therapy for acute poisoning? and (2) Does blood pressure or creatinine clearance correlate with body lead burden, as demonstrated by chelation? Thirty-eight children who had undergone ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid mobilization testing at least one time during the course of treatment in a lead clinic returned for follow-up care within 2-5 yr. all were asymptomatic. To determine the current level of body lead burden, a single-dose oral chelation with penicillamine was performed. Blood pressure and creatinine clearances were measured. From the data obtained for each child, we generated a geometric "area" representing the magnitude of lead burden integrated over the length of carriage of this burden. Multiple regression analysis indicated that after adjustment for the background variables of age, sex, height, and weight, none of the three parameters- mobilization ratio "area," blood lead level, or FEP level--was a significant contributor to the variation observed in the blood pressures or creatinine clearances of the 38 lead-exposed children (P greater than .05). PMID- 7316570 TI - Sodium pentobarbital-induced mutations in the hamster. AB - When virgin Syrian hamsters aged 6 to 8 wk were mated during estrus and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (Nembutal) 4 to 5 hr before estimated ovulation, pregnancy wastage in the newly conceived litter was observed. This was manifested by polyspermy of moribund eggs and death of fertilized eggs, deficits of expected zygotes, and triploidy and tetraploidy in 3-day-old surviving embryos. Multiple factors determined the nature of this wastage, including dosage of Nembutal [sodium 5-ethyl-5-(1-methyl butal) barbiturate], route of its administration, degree of resulting respiratory depression, and ultimately a pH imbalance (below 7) in the mother. Polyspermy appeared to result from the penetration of degenerating ova by 10-20 sperm, triploidy to polar body retention, and tetraploidy to endoreduplication of chromosomes before cell cleavage; identification of 2N/4N mosaics supports this inference. PMID- 7316571 TI - [The physiopathology of typhoid fever]. PMID- 7316572 TI - [Note on onchocerciasis in the vicinity of Kasongo (Zaire) and description of the larvae of its vector (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316573 TI - [Morphological intraspecific variation, according to the biotope, in larvae of the Simulium damnosum complex (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316574 TI - Chromomycosis in Japan. PMID- 7316575 TI - [The occurrence of helminths of calves in Burundi (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316576 TI - The working capacity of Liberian males: a comparison between urban and rural populations in relation to malaria. PMID- 7316577 TI - A technique for the selection of long-acting antimalarial compounds using a rodent malaria model. PMID- 7316578 TI - Electron microscope study of the epimastigotes of a fish trypanosome, Trypanosoma cobitis, in culture. PMID- 7316579 TI - Comparison of the development of avirulent and virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii in the peritoneal exudate of mice. PMID- 7316580 TI - Dynamics of larval populations of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata II. Chronobiology of the intramolluscal larval development during the shedding period. PMID- 7316581 TI - Toxocara ova in soil in the Mosul District, Iraq, and their relevance to public health measures in the Middle East. PMID- 7316582 TI - Toxocariasis in the Sudan. PMID- 7316583 TI - Development of local skin reactions in rabbits infected with metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma congolense cultured in vitro. PMID- 7316584 TI - The prevalence of human intestinal parasites in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia: a preliminary survey. PMID- 7316585 TI - The culture of embryonic cells from the tick Hyalomma rufipes rufipes (Koch, 1844). PMID- 7316586 TI - Recertification: one man's opinion of where it's at. PMID- 7316587 TI - Fluosol-DA: an artificial blood for total cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The isolated, in situ pig heart model was used to determine if Fluosol could support myocardial function during cardiopulmonary bypass. Fourteen pigs were utilized; 7 underwent studies of myocardial metabolism (coronary blood flow and vascular resistance, myocardial oxygen consumption and extraction, lactate extraction, and adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate levels), and 7 underwent studies of myocardial contractility and compliance (intraventricular balloon measurements). Each study was carried out utilizing one hour of control hemic perfusion, followed by one hour of Fluosol perfusion, and followed by a third hour of a return of hemic perfusion. The results documented that in the vented, beating, nonischemic heart, myocardial metabolism and functional measurements are maintained during an hour of Fluosol perfusion. However, because of an increased level of ionized calcium during Fluosol perfusion, myocardial functional measurements document significantly increased contractility. The increased contractility is associated with an increase in anaerobic metabolism. The latter contributes to a decline in the high-energy phosphate level following a return of hemic perfusion as the heart recovers from the increased work load placed on it during Fluosol perfusion. It is concluded that here is sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity in Fluosol-DA to maintain cardiac function during perfusion in the large animal model. However, the carrier solution for the Fluosol must be adjusted to appropriate electrolyte content to avoid adverse effects on the myocardium. PMID- 7316589 TI - Noncoronary collateral distribution in coronary artery disease. AB - Noncoronary collateral flow is a potential hazard when cold cardioplegia is used for myocardial protection. In this study, noncoronary collateral flow was observed during coronary revascularization in 58 patients. It was distributed significantly (p less than 0.005) toward arteries demonstrating intercoronary collateral flow angiographically - 1.0 of 35 with and 12 of 121 without. Preponderance of coronary collateral flow in hearts with more extensive disease may complicate cardioplegic myocardial protection for such patients. PMID- 7316590 TI - Clinical performance of microporous polypropylene hollow-fiber oxygenator. AB - A newly developed polypropylene hollow-fiber oxygenator was used from June 1979, to July, 1980, in 100 patients undergoing open-heart operation. Adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination were observed throughout perfusion in spite of a relatively low ratio of oxygen flow to blood flow. Plasma hemoglobin level was maintained low after long hours of perfusion. There were no complications related to the oxygenator during or after the operation. Because of its highly efficient performance as well as small size and easy handling, this oxygenator is being used routinely during open-heart procedures in our hospital. PMID- 7316588 TI - Limitations of potassium cardioplegia during cardiac ischemic arrest: a phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - Cold K+ cardioplegia is commonly used to preserve the myocardium during surgical ischemia. Since the K+-induced membrane depolarization could cause a Ca2+ mediated breakdown of adenosine triphosphate, this study compared the influence of different electrolytes on high-energy phosphate metabolism during cardioplegic arrest phosphate metabolism during cardioplegic arrest and subsequent recovery of mechanical function. An isolated working heart was subjected to hypothermic ischemia for one hour. Metabolic studies were assessed on phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Results show that (1) K+ cardioplegia is harmful when the Ca2+ content is equal to 2 mEq/I; (2) deleterious effects of K+ are markedly reduced by lowering the Ca2+ content; (3) the most adequate preservation is provided by a Mg2+-rich-Ca2+-poor perfusate; (4) this protection is not enhanced by addition of K+. Finally, 31P NMR appears particularly appropriate for evaluating myocardial protection techniques since it allows noninvasive serial monitoring of high-energy phosphate content and subsequent correlation with functional recovery after ischemia. PMID- 7316591 TI - Surgical treatment of cor triatriatum. AB - Six patients with cor triatriatum underwent surgical correction. They ranged for 1.5 to 93 months old (mean, 22 months). Congestive heart failure was present in 3 patients. Cardiomegaly and increased pulmonary vascularity were evident roentgenographically in all patients. Cardiac cineangiography demonstrated the subdividing left atrial membrane in 5 patients and suggested the correct diagnosis by revealing an abnormal configuration of the left atrium in the other patient. The opening in the anomalous left atrial membrane was stenotic in every instance. The proximal left atrial chamber communicated with the right atrium through an atrial septal defect in 5 patients and with the systemic venous circuit through a persistent left superior vena cava in the other patient, in whom the atrial septum was intact. A right atrial-transseptal approach provided ample exposure for complete excision of the obstructing membrane and repair of the atrial septum in all patients. One patient died of low cardiac output during the early postoperative period. The other 5 are alive and well at an average of 48 months after operation. PMID- 7316592 TI - Colon interposition for advanced nonmalignant esophageal stricture: experience with 40 patients. AB - This report details our experience in 40 patients with benign strictures of the esophagus who underwent colon (or gastric) interposition with our without esophageal resection between 1972 and 1980. There were 23 men and 17 women ranging from 5 to 76 years old. Twenty-seven patients had fibrotic strictures secondary to reflux esophagitis including 12 after failure of antireflux procedures; 4 had caustic strictures; 3 had a Barrett's esophagus; 2 had systemic candidiasis; 2 had scleroderma; and in 2 the etiology was undetermined. the right colon was used in 27 patients, the left colon in 4, the transverse colon in 1, and the jejunum in 1. In 7 patients the stomach was employed because of vascular insufficiency of the colon. Three surgical approaches were utilized. Manometric studies were done post-operatively in 10 patients. Complications occurred in 7 patients: cervical leaks, 4; reflux colitis, 2; and a late cervical stricture, 1. There were 4 deaths, only 1 of which was related directly to technique. This report summarizes the beneficial effect of right colon interposition for long esophageal strictures. Its vasculature is adequate, and it functions properly to propel food into the stomach irrespective of the peristaltic orientation. PMID- 7316593 TI - Massive air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass: successful treatment with immediate hypothermia and circulatory support. AB - Two patients experienced an episode of massive air embolism during extracorporeal circulation. Several emergency measures were taken. (1) The roller pump was reversed to take out air from the aorta. (2) The circuit was disconnected and recirculated to eliminate air bubbles. (3) Perfusion was restarted and the patient cooled to 24 degrees C for 40 minutes. (4) Pentothal (thiopental), steroids, and assisted ventilation were administered. The outcome was favorable in both patients, and there were no neurological sequelae. Immediate cooling and prolonged circulation seem to be a satisfactory approach to this problem. PMID- 7316594 TI - Massive arterial air embolism due to rupture of pulsatile assist device: successful treatment in the hyperbaric chamber. AB - We present the case of a patient who had rupture of a pulsatile assist device (PAD) accompanied by massive air embolism, and the treatment that brought it to a successful outcome. After rupture of the skin of the PAD balloon, a massive amount of air was injected into the ascending aorta. The patient was placed in Trendelenburg position and cooled in deep hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass. He was given 1 gm of methylprednisolone intravenously, and the aortic valve replacement and double vein bypass graft were performed. After completion of the operation, the patient was partially rewarmed to 30 degrees C central temperature and transported by ambulance to a hyperbaric chamber where he was compressed to 6 atmospheres absolute 9 hours after the accident with clinical signs of severe brain dysfunction. The patient recovered completely and was discharged from the hospital on the tenth postoperative day. PMID- 7316595 TI - Replacement of ascending aorta and aortic valve. PMID- 7316596 TI - Temporary pacemaker wire insertion: a simple, safe, and effective technique. PMID- 7316597 TI - A pacemaker forceps. PMID- 7316599 TI - Cuffed endotracheal tube. PMID- 7316598 TI - A modified sternal retractor for exposure of the internal mammary artery. PMID- 7316600 TI - Venous cannula for CPB. PMID- 7316601 TI - Anomalous origin of RCA. PMID- 7316602 TI - Scatter radiation during fluoroscopy. PMID- 7316603 TI - Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and zinc concentrations in human testis and epididymis. AB - Tissue testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and zinc concentrations have been determined in testis and epididymis of 13 patients with carcinoma of the prostate, 1 patient with carcinoma of the penis, and 3 patients with carcinoma of the prostate on estrogens. The 13 patients not receiving estrogens had the following testicular levels: testosterone, of 529 +/- 63.1 ng/g (mean +/- SE); dihydrotestosterone, 23.7 +/- 2.58 ng/g; and zinc 62.2 +/- 7.6 micrograms/g. The epididymal levels were as follows: testosterone, 40.6 +/- 3.4 ng/g; dihydrotestosterone, 20.5 +/- 2.36 ng/g; and zinc, 67.2 +/- 11.1 micrograms/g. Patients on estrogen therapy showed much lower androgen values in the two organs but zinc was not changed significantly. Concentrations of androgens were not significantly different in the epididymal fractions of caput, corpus, and cauda. In testis, there was a positive correlation between zinc and androgens contents, while the opposite was suggested by the data in the epididymis. Even though these patients were not normal, there was no evidence of testicular or epididymal disturbances. PMID- 7316604 TI - Spermatophagy induced by spermatozoa in whole blood cultures from infertile husbands and their wives. PMID- 7316606 TI - Effect of antibodies to boar spermatozoa on fertility in sows and rabbits. AB - Immunization of sows with boar spermatozoa had no effect on the sows' fertility or on the number of liveborn young from the first pregnancy. An effect was not recorded until the second pregnancy, when the number of stillborn young increased. The total number of young in the litters was not reduced. Pig and rabbit antibodies to boar spermatozoa had no negative effect on the fertilizing capacity of rabbit spermatozoa. The intravenous administration of antibodies against boar spermatozoa to inseminated female rabbits did not affect their fertility. If the antibodies were injected intramuscularly 7 days before and 10 days after insemination, degenerating fetuses were found in the uterus of inseminated female rabbits. After immunizing sows with boar spermatozoa, specific cellular immune reaction was not demonstrated. PMID- 7316607 TI - Exchange of lipids between spermatozoa and seminal plasma in normal and pathological human semen. AB - Normal and pathological semen were studied with regard to cholesterol and phospholipid content of sperm cells and seminal plasma. Spermatozoa from pathologic semen have similar concentrations of phospholipid-phosphorous and significantly higher cholesterol concentration than spermatozoa from normal semen. However, only oligoasthenospermic spermatozoa showed a significantly higher cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Azoospermic seminal plasma showed the lowest values of both cholesterol and phospholipids, but the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids was equal to that in normal spermatozoa. No significant difference was found in the cholesterol concentration of seminal plasma from oligoasthenospermic, asthenospermic, and normospermic subjects and only asthenospermic plasma showed a significantly lower concentration of this compound. Cholesterol and phospholipid exchange between sperm cells and seminal plasma was shown by the striking correlation between the lipid composition of seminal plasma with that of sperm cells. PMID- 7316608 TI - Arginine induced stimulation of rabbit sperm motility. AB - L-Arginine stimulation of ejaculated rabbit sperm motility was quantitated by a spectrophotometric procedure. Stimulation of sperm motility was correlated to arginine concentration, incubation time, and pH. A maximum increase in motility of 85% was apparent for up to 7 hr with 10(-1) M L-arginine. A significant decrease in the ability of L-arginine to stimulate sperm motility was observed at pH values less than 7.0 and greater than 8.0. The percent stimulation was inversely proportional to the initial motility of the sperm sample. PMID- 7316605 TI - Intraindividual variability of concanavalin A binding to the plasmalemma of human spermatozoa. AB - Certain characteristics of the sperm plasmalemma were studied using 10 ejaculates from the same subject. Measurements of membrane glycoconjugates binding by FTC Con A were made on samples with equal numbers of motile spermatozoa which had been selected by migration in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). Scatchard plots showed that the association constant for Con A binding to membrane glycoconjugate varied between ejaculates, but in 9 of 10 cases the number of receptor sites for this lectin was constant with only one class of receptor. PMID- 7316609 TI - Histology of accessory sex organs and extragonadal sperm reserves in the male hopping mouse Notomys alexis. AB - In the hopping mouse, Notomys alexis, there are very small testes and relatively low numbers of spermatozoa in the extragonadal ducts. Large ventral prostates are present, but the seminal vesicles, coagulating glands, ampullaries, and dorsal prostates are all extremely small, although their histological structure and secretory activity is similar to that of the laboratory murids. Bulbourethrals are typical, but the preputials are very small and composed of sebaceous secretory units and an associated hair follicle. The possible functional significance of these findings is briefly discussed. PMID- 7316610 TI - Fine structure localization of acid phosphatase in human spermatozoa. PMID- 7316611 TI - [Comparison of the effects of naloxone hydrochloride and methiodide on endotoxic shock in the anesthetized rat]. AB - In the anesthetized rats, both naloxone hydrochloride and methiodide produced transient hypotension and bradycardia. The hydrochloride salt was able to revert (during 1 hr for the dose of 10 mg/kg I.V.) the hypotension produced by the endotoxin of Escherichia coli, the methiodide salt was ineffective. Further naloxone hydrochloride, produced tachycardia and some awaking of the animals which were not observed after the quaternary ammonium salt. These observations strengthen the view that the effects of naloxone observed in the shocked rat are of central origin and that the antihypotensive action results--partly at least- from the antagonism of beta endorphin released by the toxin. PMID- 7316613 TI - [Role of mutations and recombinations in the epidemiology of influenza]. AB - Influenza virus demonstrates several levels of antigenic variations, drifts and shifts, which help it to escape to herd immunity pressures. Recent examples show the importance of such variations in the succession and continuity of epidemiological manifestations. During the last few years, simultaneous circulation of several subtypes of influenza A was observed while in the past, one subtype was replacing the other. Thus in 1981, for the only subtype H3N2, A/Texas, A/Bangkok and A/intermediate Texas-Bangkok viruses were isolated in France at the same time in several foci. Furthermore, double infection with different subtypes in the same individual have been documented in man as well as in animals (birds). Related strains have also been isolated simultaneously in the same individual and cloning by plaque analysis makes it possible to evaluate easily this possibility in wild strains. The unexpected frequency of double infections or of variations of virus in feral animals or humans increases the possibility of genetic reassortments and participates for an important part to global variability of the virus. PMID- 7316612 TI - [Allergenic activity of mites in house dust]. AB - The predominant role of mites in house dust respiratory allergy is now well established. Our laboratory has spent an important part of its time and activity studying the antigens present in D. farinae mites extracts and characterising the specific allergens responsible of respiratory allergy to D. farinae. Physicochemical and immunochemical studies let us to define major allergens in different biochemical fractions obtained from D. farinae extracts used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Amongst the D. farinae specific antigens defined, one (Ag 11) is a specific major allergen and it has been isolated and chemically analysed. It is polypeptide of molecular weight of 28,000 d with p I not equal to 7 containing 5% of cysteine residues. The good stability and resistance to denaturation are in favour of numerous disulfide bonds. PMID- 7316614 TI - [Comparison of inactivated rabies vaccines obtained from diploid and polyploid heterologous cells (Hak, BHK, and Vero)]. AB - Homologous or heterologous diploid or polyploid cells have been established as good producers of virus. In this study we present three types of experimental inactivated antirabies vaccines obtained under identical conditions from three types of cells. The study concerns the following characteristics of the vaccines: protecting powers, rabies antigens and major polypeptidic components; this study was performed on supernatants of tissue cultures and concentrated and purified vaccines. Moreover, some cellular and serum contaminants as well as minor rabies proteins were analysed in the viral solutions. It, thus, appears that all these types of vaccines have a similar protecting power (Number of 50% protective doses/micrograms viral protein). PMID- 7316615 TI - [Experimental realization of the life cycle of Ergasilus lizae Kroyer, 1853, parasitic Copepoda of the fish Mugilidae. First results of infestation]. AB - The life cycle of the parasitic Copepoda Ergasilus lizae with the infestation of a Mullet belonging to the species Liza aurata were obtained experimentally. The first results on the larval development process and the spreading over the branchial microbiotope by parasitic females are described. PMID- 7316616 TI - [Biology and physiology of development, growth and reproduction of electric rays. Survey of research since 1965]. AB - Since 1965, various works have pointed to electric rays (chiefly Torpedo marmorata and T. torpedo = T. ocellata) as an interesting material for the biological and physiological research on development (especially that of electric organs), growth and reproduction. In a review of the main published results, attention is called upon several points requiring new studies (buoyancy and its regulation during gestation time, neuroendocrine control of gestation, etc.). T. torpedo, a much abundant species in the Bay of Tunis, seems by far the most well suited material for this, because of its annual reproductive cycle. New results concerning T. m. are also presented: gestation length, embryo retention, and weight changes of the yolk sacs. The microscopic structure of the female genital tract is illustrated. PMID- 7316617 TI - [Electrophoresis of crystalline lens proteins of serranids (g. Serranus) and wolffish (g. Dicentrarchus) from the east coast of Tunisia (gulf of Gabes)]. PMID- 7316618 TI - [Some anomalies in the soles of the genus Solea (Pisces, Heterosomata, Soleidae) from the gulf of Tunis]. AB - In this paper, are pointed out some aberrations: ambicoloration, albinim, sphinctury, atelury and in three Soles species: Solea vulgaris Quensel, 1806; aegyptiaca Chabanaud, 1927 and S. senegalensis Kaup, 1858. PMID- 7316619 TI - [Effect of variations of temperature on intestinal respiration and absorption of glycine in Discoglossus (Discoglossus pictus (Ott, 1837)]. AB - The study of intestinal respiration in vitro showed that thermal rise up to 30 degrees C increases oxygen consumption and decreases it at the beginning of 35 degrees C. The Q10, equal to 1,80 and 1,51 between 15-25 degrees C and 20-30 degrees C, suggests a stimulation, by the temperature, of enzymatic reactions rate in the respiratory chain. The measures of oxygen consumption have been conducted every 10 minutes during 120 minutes. The study of glycine absorption at the concentration 0,5 mM have been effected with in vitro technic in presence of 14C glycine. The absorption time have been fixed at 30 minutes. The glycine absorption studied at 15-20 and 25 degrees C increase with the rise of temperature. The Q10, equal to 1,76 between 15 and 25 degrees C, suggests the mechanisms existence of metabolic complexions. The water movements, at different temperatures, are always directed from physiologic liquid to intestinal tissue. PMID- 7316621 TI - The personal computer and clinical practice. PMID- 7316620 TI - [Linoleic acid synthesis in oleaginous seeds]. AB - Fats are synthetized in oleaginous seeds according to the following diagram: lipid synthesis, very slow immediately after fecundation, becomes very intensive between the second and the fifth weeks after florescence and is reduced to zero at the end of maturation. The desaturating activity of ammonium oleate is important in the first stages of development of the seeds. PMID- 7316622 TI - Reticulocyte counts. PMID- 7316623 TI - Grand Rounds: Adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 7316624 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism. Changing clinical spectrum, prevalence of hypertension, and discriminant analysis of laboratory tests. AB - The clinical spectrum of 100 consecutive cases of surgically proved primary hyperparathyroidism treated from 1974 through 1978 was analyzed. Their laboratory test results were compared with 64 cases of other form of hypercalcemia using multivariate discriminant analysis. The clinical spectrum has dramatically shifted during the past three decades from renal calculi and bone disease to the asymptomatic patient discovered by routine serum chemical analysis. Hypertension was twice as common among hyperparathyroid patients as in the general population but failed to improve in 92% after parathyroidectomy. The most useful discriminant laboratory test in descending order of value were the serum chloride, serum calcium, hematocrit, serum phosphorus, and parathormone. Multivariate discriminant analysis of the serum calcium, phosphorus, chloride, and Hct provided a 98% degree of accuracy in separating hyperparathyroidism from other forms of hypercalcemia. PMID- 7316625 TI - Empyema thoracis during a ten-year period. Analysis of 72 cases and comparison to a previous study (1952 to 1967). AB - In this series of 72 cases of empyema, 28 patients (38.8) had anaerobes isolated from their pleural fluid cultures. In 22 patients, anaerobes were the only isolates, and in six there were also aerobes. This observed frequency (38.8%) of anaerobic empyema is notably greater than the frequency noted in an earlier study (1952 to 1967) from the Veterans Administration Medical Center, Wood, Wis, while the contribution of various pathogenetic mechanisms was similar. Although closed chest tube drainage was instituted initially in 51 patients, 18 patients (35%) subsequently required additional procedures. The case-fatality ratio was 51.4% in this study compared with 46.6% in the earlier study. Twenty-two patients died during the same hospitalization period while the empyema was an active problem. Six (8.3%) of these empyema-related deaths occurred in patients without underlying disease, while 16 (22.2%) were in patients with underlying diseases. PMID- 7316626 TI - Evaluation of prajmalium-induced cholestasis by immunologic tests. AB - Cholestatic jaundice developed in four patients after the administration of prajmalium bitartrate. The clinical, histologic, ultrastructural, and immunologic findings were determined. In all patients, the clinical and morphologic features indicated idiosyncrasy. Two antibodies distributed in a granular pattern along the bile canaliculi were detected by immunofluorescence in all patients. In one patient, autoimmune markers were found in the serum, and in two instances, the migration-inhibition factor assay against the offending drug was found to be positive. The data support the concept that immunologic processes may participate in the production of the cholestatic syndrome. PMID- 7316628 TI - Influence of oxygen tension and hematocrit reading on ESRs of sickle cells. Role of RBC aggregation. PMID- 7316627 TI - Trimethoprim alone in the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infection. AB - Trimethoprim was used alone to treat urinary tract infections in 20 women who were unable to tolerate sulfonamides. Of ten acute symptomatic urinary tract infections, four were cured, three were not, and three cases could not be evaluated. Two other women received trimethoprim for suppression of infection complicating stag-horn calculi. The conditions of both patients improved clinically but the urine remained infected. Eight women treated prophylactically with low-dose trimethoprim for recurrent urinary tract infection accumulated a total of 16 patient-years of prophylaxis. During treatment, the incidence of infection was 0.56 per patient-year compared with 4.25 infections in the year preceding study. Adverse reactions occurred in eight of 20 patients and administration of the drug had to be stopped in five cases. Trimethoprim alone is effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infections, but may cause a high incidence of adverse reactions in patients known to be sensitive to sulfonamides. PMID- 7316629 TI - Acute renal failure and zomepirac. PMID- 7316630 TI - Thyroid-stimulating hormone level elevation. PMID- 7316631 TI - [Influence of histones on the development of chick embryo lungs, explanted and cultivated in vitro]. PMID- 7316634 TI - [Histochemical studies of the structure of the regenerated cartilage in the tail of Lacerta sicula]. PMID- 7316632 TI - [The relationships between constitutional type and joint motility. I. Anthropometric data on 487 students of the secondary schools of Florence]. PMID- 7316633 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural observations on ependymal tanycytes of the optic tectum of the Triturus]. PMID- 7316635 TI - [Phospholipidosis of the rat lung following administrations of chlorimipramine]. PMID- 7316636 TI - [Vascularization of the skin and buccopharyngeal mucosa in the geotriton]. PMID- 7316637 TI - [Statistical considerations on the angle between the plane of the clivus ossis occipitalis and that of the foramen occipitale magnum (Boogard angle)]. PMID- 7316638 TI - The anatomical relationship of the retractor bulbi and posterior digastric motoneurones to the abducens and facial nuclei in the cat. PMID- 7316639 TI - Cerebellar influences on the response characteristic of vestibulospinal neurons to sinusoidal tilt. PMID- 7316640 TI - Response characteristics of lateral reticular neurons to sinusoidal tilt after unilateral labyrinthectomy. PMID- 7316641 TI - Effects of cerebellectomy on responses of lateral reticular neurons to sinusoidal tilt after ipsilateral labyrinthectomy. PMID- 7316642 TI - Surgical correction of the inferior vena cava obstruction with Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 7316643 TI - Surgical treatment for aortic stenosis associated with narrow annulus. PMID- 7316645 TI - Reconstruction of an upper lip and the coloboma in the nasal ala accompanying with Freeman-Sheldon syndrome. PMID- 7316644 TI - [Two cases of calcifying splenic cyst (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316646 TI - [Sobering up in police custody. An empirical study]. PMID- 7316647 TI - [Suicide with an unusual shooting apparatus. A case report]. PMID- 7316648 TI - [Use of NMR spectrometry for the quick identification of 03- and 06 monoacetylmorphine in heroin tests]. PMID- 7316649 TI - [Diagnosis of injuries by examination of unbroken bones]. PMID- 7316651 TI - [The separation of cannabinoids with reverse-phase TLC]. PMID- 7316650 TI - [Alcohol-related constellation of symptoms in acts of aggression]. PMID- 7316653 TI - [Forensic-odontologic findings in chemical destruction of a corpse]. PMID- 7316652 TI - [Physician malpractice. Problems of legal liability and legal accountability of physicians]. PMID- 7316654 TI - [Multiple child murder. A report of the criminal psychology and criminal psychiatry of the murder]. PMID- 7316655 TI - [Criminal contagion and criminal imitation]. PMID- 7316656 TI - [Determination of Gc-phenotype from blood stains]. PMID- 7316657 TI - [Criminal political aspects of the legal handling of mentally abnormal law breakers in Austria]. PMID- 7316658 TI - [Roentgenological identification of corpses by means of the bone structure of the front chest wall]. PMID- 7316660 TI - [Sources of error in identification with excreted substances]. PMID- 7316661 TI - [Comparative evaluation of respiratory function data in chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema]. PMID- 7316662 TI - [The use of amikacin in pneumology]. PMID- 7316659 TI - [The cowcatcher as the cause of injury in a railroad run-over accident]. PMID- 7316663 TI - [Data on tuberculosis epidemiology in medical students of the University of Naples]. PMID- 7316665 TI - Marked improvement of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by methandrostenolone. PMID- 7316664 TI - [BCG vaccination of medical students of the University of Naples: findings concerning the evolution of the vaccination site and the BCG allergy]. PMID- 7316666 TI - [Significance of the study of the critical transmural pressure in analysis of the factors limiting maximal expiratory flow rate]. PMID- 7316667 TI - ["Liberated" motricity by holding the head during the first weeks of life (author's transl)]. AB - The instability of the head disturbs neonatal motricity. However, when the head is held during a long period of observation (30 minutes) a motricity called "liberated" motricity, probably cortical in origin can be induced. 246 children, less than 8 weeks of age, have been examined while they were sitting on a bench and while their attention was kept in alert by the examinator who was holding their heads. In 97% of cases, the reflex motricity calms down and the following signs can be observed: (a) a stage of intense communication with the examinator, (b) then, the trunk straights up and the limbs become quiet and make movements which recall those of an older infant (43,5%), at least, there is a real interest for a toy, either looked at without gestures (39%), or touched and taken in an intentional way (19%). The theorical interest of this study is to get a new aspect of the normality of neonatal motricity. The clinical knowledge is still too recent to help detecting brain damage. PMID- 7316668 TI - [Optic neuritis in children. Clinical aspects and evolution in 14 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Fourteen children presenting with optic neuritis are reported. Bilateral ocular lesions and papilledema were present in 80% of cases. Biological investigations did not show any local production of IgG or anti-measles antibodies, contrary to what is observed in adults. CAT scan most always rules out a tumoral compression that could be responsible for a sudden decrease in visual acuity. Prognostic factors helpful in predicting evolution towards multiple sclerosis are discussed. PMID- 7316669 TI - [Hyperphenylalaninemia in 1981. A diagnostic approach (author's transl)]. AB - Neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia is caused by a defect in phenylalanine metabolism. Two situations have recently emerged : patients with a phenylalanine-hydroxylase deficiency and patients with a defect in de novo synthesis of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. These two categories can be distinguished by enzyme assays and assessment of the levels of pteridines in urine. Because of the need for different treatments, an early differential diagnosis of these forms is crucial. Concerning the study of 18 newly screened hyperphenylalaninemic babies, we have discussed the methods of diagnosis : liver biopsy for enzymatic determinations appeared as too invasive a method; in contrast, the quantitative analysis of pteridines in urine permitted a rapid discrimination of the variants. PMID- 7316670 TI - [Primary empty sella syndrome : clinical, radiological and endocrine studies in two children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316671 TI - [Value of computerized axial tomography of the brain in children born with asphyxia (author's transl)]. AB - Computerized axial tomographies (CAT) of the brain were performed between the ages of 2 days and 2 years in 27 infants having suffered from severe birth asphyxia. CAT were normal in 11 babies, hemorrhage was found in 5 infants, hypodense areas in 3, brain edema in 4, atrophy in 5, pseudo-porencephalic cysts in 2 and lesions of the central nuclei in 2. An abnormal CAT was demonstrated in 12 of 17 patients who inhibited major neurological troubles during the neonatal period and in 4 of 10 who suffered less important disorders. 16 of 23 survivors were followed up after they left the hospital. 7 showed neuro-developmental anomalies. 5 of these 7 had abnormal scans. Among the 9 patients whose neurological examination was normal, one suffered a meningeal hemorrhage which resorbed without any clinical or neuroradiological sequelae. The other 8 infants had normal CAT. These data underline the value of CAT in the evaluation of neonatal asphyxia and its sequelae. PMID- 7316672 TI - [Crigler-Najjar syndrome associated with tapeto-retinic degeneration (author's transl)]. PMID- 7316673 TI - [Lead poisoning revealed by severe encephalopathy : pica does exist in France (author's transl)]. AB - Subacute lead encephalopathy due a chronic poisoning was present in a 6 year-old child. Neurologic features (coma, seizures, CSF abnormalities) began after 2 weeks of vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation. Diagnosis was confirmed by studies of porphyrin metabolism. Lead poisoning following pica in childhood has rarely been reported in France. Its pathogenesis, main features, diagnosis and treatment are reviewed. PMID- 7316674 TI - [Radiological case of the month]. PMID- 7316676 TI - Depressed patients have decreased binding of tritiated imipramine to platelet serotonin "transporter". AB - The high-affinity tritiated (3H) imipramine binding sites are functionally (and perhaps structurally) associated with the presynaptic neuronal and platelet uptake sites for serotonin. Since there is an excellent correlation between the relative potencies of a series of antidepressants in displacing 3H-imipramine from binding sites in human brain and platelet, we have examined the binding of 3H-imipramine to platelets from 14 depressed patients and 28 age- and sex-matched controls. A highly significant decrease in the number of 3H-imipramine binding sites, with no significant change in the apparent affinity constants, was observed in platelets from the depressed patients compared with the controls. These results, coupled with previous studies showing a significant decrease in the maximal uptake of serotonin in platelets from depressed patients, suggest that an inherited or acquired deficiency of the serotonin transport protein or proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. PMID- 7316675 TI - [Waking-sleep cycle in children. I. Physiology]. PMID- 7316677 TI - Serotonin uptake in blood platelets of psychiatric patients. AB - Platelet serotonin (5-HT) uptake was determined in 72 newly admitted, unmedicated psychiatric patients. Decreased maximum velocity (Vmax) of 5-HT uptake was present in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients as well as schizoaffective depressed patients. The apparent Michaelis constant (km) of 5-HT uptake was normal in these groups, as was Vmax and Km in manic-depressive and chronic schizophrenic patients. Treatment of depressed patients with notriptyline hydrochloride or imipramine hydrochloride increased Km significantly. There was a trend for the increase in Km in the nortriptyline-treated patients to correlate with clinical improvement. Decreased 5-HT uptake in platelets provides additional evidence for the role of 5-HT in the pathophysiologic process of some forms of depression. PMID- 7316678 TI - Diagnosis and neuroanatomical correlates of depression in brain-damaged patients. Implications for a neurology of depression. AB - Recognizing depression in brain-damaged patients poses considerable problems. The standard diagnostic criteria often are not applicable since the neurological lesion may distort or even obliterate salient features of depression. Patients actually may deny being depressed or dysphoric, not have a depressive affect, or be totally unaware of abnormal vegetative behaviors. Furthermore, brain lesions themselves may produce striking behavioral alterations that can be mistakenly attributed to depression, or striking behavioral changes due to depression may be mistakenly attributed to the brain lesion. Based on five case studies, several clinical guidelines for recognizing and diagnosing depression in brain-damaged patients are offered. These cases also provide a data base to generate initial hypotheses about the neuroanatomical basis of the depressive syndrome. By observing how focal brain lesions modify the signs and symptoms of depression, inferences are made about brain areas crucial for modulating the various features of the depressive syndrome. PMID- 7316679 TI - Attentional and neuromotor functions of schizophrenics, schizoaffectives, and patients with other affective disorders. AB - Evaluation of attentional and neuromotor functions in 45 patients meeting the Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and other affective disorders showed that schizoaffectives could not be distinguished from patients with other affective disorders by any of the measures. However, schizophrenics differed from the other diagnostic groups on four measures: they showed significantly more oculomotor, stereognosis, and right-left identification abnormalities and more errors of omission on the attentional task under distraction conditions. The findings of this study are consistent with earlier reports that schizoaffectives are not generally different from patients with other affective disorders in family history, treatment response, or long-term outcome. There is not yet sufficient etiologic or behavioral evidence to indicate that schizoaffective disorder is a valid diagnostic category. PMID- 7316680 TI - Pseudodementia. Current concepts and future directions. AB - The literature describing pseudodementia was reviewed and a definition for this neuropsychiatric syndrome is formulated. It is defined as an intellectual impairment in patients with a primary psychiatric disorder, in which the features of intellectual abnormality resemble, at least in part, those of a neuropathologically induced cognitive deficit. This neuropsychological impairment is reversible, and there is no apparent primary neuropathological process that leads to the genesis of this disturbance. Data from published reports and preliminary findings presented here suggest that intellectual impairment of patients with pseudodementia resembles subcortical dementia in many of its features. PMID- 7316681 TI - Quantitative computed tomography in senile dementia. AB - Mean computed tomography (CT) numbers or Hounsfield units (HU) were computed in 15 regions of the brain in routine CT scans of 25 patients with senile dementia and 29 normal community volunteer controls. Mean HU values were significantly lower bilaterally in the medial temporal lobe, anterior frontal lobe, and head of the caudate in the group of patients with senile dementia. There was no correlation between mean HU values and age, and covariate analysis showed that the differences between patients and controls were not attributable to the size of the ventricles. These data suggest that the determination of mean HU values from selected technically suitable regions of CT scans of the brain may have clinical applications of the diagnosis of senile dementia and provide a reliable means of monitoring changes in brain tissue density during the course of senile dementia. PMID- 7316682 TI - Psychiatric disorders in patients with spinal cord injuries. AB - Although previous studies have reported that all patients with spinal cord injuries experience depression, they have not distinguished between despondency and depressive disorder. Of 30 patients with spinal cord lesions and depressive disorders diagnosed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). 15 patients had RDC diagnoses before or after their injury. A depressive disorder developed in nine after injury. Eight depressive disorders developed within a month of the injury. Postinjury depressive disorders were more common in patients with complete spinal cord lesions but were divided equally between paraplegics and quadriplegics. Only one patient received antidepressants. The remainder recovered without treatment other than the rehabilitation program. The accident causing the injury seemed related to a psychiatric disorder before injury in six patients (four alcoholics and two hypomanics) and to drinking before the accident in 15 patients. PMID- 7316683 TI - Christmas and psychopathology. Data from a psychiatric emergency room population. AB - It is widely believed among psychiatrists and laymen alike that Christmas and other holidays are associated with an increased incidence of psychopathology. Statistical studies, however, consistently have been shown the Christmas season to be associated with a low incidence of suicide and psychiatric hospitalization. The present study examines the number and type of visits to a 24-hour psychiatric emergency service over a seven-year period. There is a decrease in the number of visits during the days and weeks before Christmas and an increase of roughly the same magnitude afterward. The effect is more prominent for women and older persons but does not seem to differentially affect persons of different racial, marital, or diagnostic status. PMID- 7316684 TI - Comparison of the natural cell mediated and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity measured as a function of target cell number in patients with mammary tumors and healthy female blood donors. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 84 patients with mammary tumors (73 malignant, 11 benign diseases) and 79 healthy female blood donors were tested in three cytotoxicity assays. Natural cell mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) was measured against K562 cell line, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was tested against K562 cell line sensitized with hyperimmune rabbit anti K562 sera and human 0, Rh positive (C, D, E pos.) erythrocytes sensitized with Ripley antibodies. Effector cell activity was measured as a function of the target cell number in the new cytotoxic capacity test. Maximums were determined experimentally and also by extrapolation from the measured values using the Michaelis-Menten equation. It was found, that activity of patients was lower than that of the controls in all the three tests already at an early stage of the malignant disease. Therefore introduction of the new cytotoxic capacity test to screen NCMC and ADCC is suggested. PMID- 7316687 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the freeze fractured rat kidney. AB - The morphology of the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the rat kidney was investigated by scanning electron microscopy of the freeze-fractured tissue. The macula densa cells have a dome-shaped apical surface abundantly provided with short microvilli. Their basal and lateral aspects may show labyrinthine spaces which are consistently more developed than in the epithelium across the tubular lumen. The Goormaghtigh cells display the well known complex pattern of cytoplasmic extensions forming the lacis. Fractured juxtaglomerular cells show distinct nuclei and well defined secretory granules. The well developed labyrinth of the macula densa suggest a considerable trans-epithelial fluid transfer at this level. PMID- 7316686 TI - Electron microscope study of vertebrate liver innervation. AB - Liver fine structure was studied in various groups of vertebrates to reveal intrahepatic nerves. Nerve fibers were found in the connective tissue of the liver in all mammals, birds, and reptiles studied (Japanese monkey, crab-eating monkey, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, golden hamster, pigeon, Japanese quail, and turtle, Pseudemys scripta). Nerve fibers also made direct contact with hepatocytes in these animals except for the rat and the golden hamster. Intrahepatic nerves were rare or absent in amphibians (Rana catesbeiana and Cynops pyrrhogaster pyrrhogaster) and fishes (Anguilla japonica and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). The livers of mammals and birds consisted of hepatic lobules and interlobular connective tissue carrying a portal triad. The liver of lower vertebrates was a simple mass of hepatic cell cords and contained relatively small amounts of connective tissue. The increased number of intrahepatic nerves appears to be correlated with the development of higher organization of liver structure and a concomitant increase in the amount of connective tissue. PMID- 7316688 TI - An electron microscopic study of the kitten liver with special reference to fat storing cells. AB - In a 67-day -old female kitten, the morphological differentiation of the hepatic parenchyma has been electron microscopically examined. 1)In spite of the advanced ultrastructural differentiation of the hepatocyte, the usual location of the Golgi complex to the apical cytoplasm around the bile canaliculus has not yet been established. Numerous mitochondria are mingled with round microbodies characterized by a marginal plate and a crystalloid core. Tubular cisternae of the SER occur only around the microbodies and lack within the accumulation of glycogen alpha-particles. 2)The sinusoidal lining has been fully differentiated and is composed of the "cytoplasmic processes" and the "sieve plates" whose fenestrae average 13300 A in diameter. 3) Kupffer cell shows an active phagocytosis to blood cells. The fuzzy coat is unsatisfactorily preserved. The cytoplasm occasionally shows short segments of a worm-like body. 4) The fat storing cell (FSC) contains a small amount of lipid droplets which mostly appear within the dense accumulation of glycogen beta-particles. Also empty FSCs devoid of lipid droplets mostly possess glycogen accumulations. The glycogen accumulations enclosing lipid droplets are closely juxtaposed by cisternae of the RER and mitochondria, suggesting the possible involvement of these organelles as well as glycogen in the lipid synthesis in the FSC. In most FSCs, abundant cisternae of the RER are dilated and filled up with a finely flocculent material, suggesting an active production of collagen precursor. The FSCs possess abundant microfilaments and microtubules. A single cilium is issued into the Disse's space from one of the paired centrioles located in the Golgi area. 5) The Disse's space of the kitten contains, besides FSCs, plasma cells and macrophages. The latter agree in ultrastructure with the Kupffer cells and are assumed to be transformed into them by being incorporated in the endothelial lining of the sinusoid. PMID- 7316685 TI - Cellular sensitization in man and mice during pregnancy to fetal antigens as detected by lympholine assays. AB - Soluble extracts were prepared by the 3 M KC1 method from human mouse fetuses at different stages of development. As shown by macrophage electrophoretic mobility and by leukocyte migration inhibition tests a high percentage of pregnant women is sensitized to components of these extracts. The testing of pregnant mice of an inbred strain gave similar results. The available data support the view that some kind of cellular sensitization to fetal antigen may occur during pregnancy. PMID- 7316689 TI - Further studies on the size specificity of commissural projecting neurons of layer III in areas 17, 18, 19 and the lateral suprasylvian area of the cat's visual cortex. AB - After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the commissural area in the border region between areas 17 and 18, the lateral part of area 19 and the lateral suprasylvian area (LS) of cat's visual cortex, HRP-labeled neurons were distributed preferentially in layer III in each cortical region of the other hemisphere. Layer I was free from labeling in each cortical region. There were some real differences in the distribution of labeled neurons in other layers. In the area 17/18 border region, a significant population of labeled neurons was found in the upper layer IV. The labeling of neurons in deeper layers (V and VI) increased in area 19 and further in the LS. There was no great difference in the laminar distribution between neurons which appeared after HRP injections into the homotopical region and those after heterotopical injections on the other side. The commissural area, 17/18 border region and the LS, contained in layer III a larger number of medium-sized to large neurons than acommissural area 17 on the splenial gyrus, where layer III was filled with densely packed small neurons. The size distribution of layer III was unimodal with a marked skew towards the larger value in each cortical region. About 50% of labeled neurons in layer III were distributed in a narrow range at the border of two categories of cell sizes, viz small and medium-sized to large. Among the labeled neurons in layer III, 34.2 47.1% had larger cell sizes. Some of the smallest neurons in layer III were also labeled, however, they appeared only after HRP injections into the homotopical region of the cerebral cortex on the opposite side. PMID- 7316690 TI - Ectopic presence of saccus vasculosus tissue in the neurohypophysis of three species of plectognath fishes (Tetraodontiformes, Teleostei). AB - The extraregional occurrence of saccus vasculosus tissue was observed in the neurohypophysis of several specimens of three species of plectognath fishes, Fugu niphobles. Fugu poecilonotus and Canthidermis rotundatus. The ectopic tissue occurred as a compact multitubular structure in the posterior portion of the pars nervosa, either being buried in it or attaching to its dorsal margin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that ectopic crown cells of F. niphobles were distributed further in the ependymal layer of the infundibulum. A possible route of these crown cells to the neurohypophysis was discussed with special reference to the close anatomical relationship between the neurohypophysis and the saccus vasculosus in the embryonic stage. PMID- 7316691 TI - Fine structural and enzyme histochemical observations on the respiratory epithelium of the caecilian lungs and gills. A contribution to the understanding of the evolution of the vertebrate respiratory epithelium. PMID- 7316692 TI - The effect of small doses of kainic acid on the area CA3 of the hippocampal formation. An electron microscopic study. AB - The toxic effect on area CA3 of the hippocampus of the rat of small doses of kainic acid (KA) injected into the lateral ventricles was examined by electron microscopy. The most characteristic feature revealed was degeneration in the pyramidal cell somata and in their dendrites from as early as 3 hr after injection. We found four types of degenerating pyramidal cells probably corresponding to their susceptibility to KA intoxication. We also detected degenerating preterminal axons and terminals in addition to degenerating pyramidal cells and dendrites. Temporary structural alterations of the mossy fiber endings and intimate adhesional contacts the mossy fiber endings were also observed. The response of the glia to the damage area CA3 was an increase in the number of astroglia and macrophages in the early stage followed later by mobilization of microglia and astroglia for the formation of scar tissue. PMID- 7316693 TI - Merkel cell development in the wound healing in the labial mucosa of adult rabbits. AB - Merkel cell development was studied in the regenerative labial mucous membrane of adult rabbits. Fullthick wounds were made on the inferior labial mucous membrane of the rabbits, then the regenerative mucous membrane was examined by electron and light microscopy at time intervals of 2, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 30 days after the injury. By 7 days, the regenerative area of the mucous membrane was replaced with a dense lamellar connective tissue, which was mainly composed of alternately arranged collagen fiber layers and fibroblasts, and an overlying stratified squamous epithelium. No Merkel cell was found 7 days after the injury. Ten days after the injury, a few very immature Merkel cells were identified in the regenerative epithelium. The Merkel cells increased in number and matured in structure during the course of the following regenerative period. Thirty days after the injury, the wounded area healed without forming a scar tissue, and the regenerated epithelial ridges usually included regular type Merkel cells. As adult animals were used in this experiment, the reproduction of the Merkel cell in the regenerative epithelium seemed to be independent of the undifferentiated neuroectodermal tissue. PMID- 7316695 TI - Fine structural aspects on the cold follicles in the aged mouse thyroid. AB - Age related changed of TSH-responsiveness and the iodinating capacity of thyroid follicles in mice 3, 10 and 19-20 months of age were investigated by light and electron microscopy partly using 125I radioautography. In 3-month-old mice almost all the thyroid follicles respond to exogenous TSH stimulation and many reabsorbed colloid droplets appear in most follicle epithelial cells. In aged mice extremely large follicles appear in the thyroid. Though some of them react to TSH, others do not show any responsibility to repeated injections of TSH. In 10-month-old mice, TSH-unresponsive follicles occupy about 4.5% of the total number of follicles, and in 19-20-month-old animals about 20%. The follicles of this type, named "cold" follicles, are very large in size and fail to concentrate radioiodine even after repeated injections of TSH. The large lumina of these follicles are surrounded by strongly attenuated epithelial cells. The apical surfaces of these atrophied cells are almost flat. The cytoplasm is occupied by large mitochondria, large secondary lysosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae, and small Golgi apparatus. Some cells in normal follicles are degenerated without losing their cuboidal or columnar shape, showing swelling of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and accumulation of secondary lysosomes. The present study indicates that the aging of the thyroid may be manifested by two changes: one is the appearance of "cold" follicles surrounded by attenuated and atrophied cells, and the other is degeneration in normal shaped, TSH-reactive follicles. PMID- 7316694 TI - Ultrastructure and peroxidase cytochemistry of macrophages present in the retina of postnatal rats. AB - Electron microscopic study showed the presence of macrophages in the retina in postnatal rat. These phagocytic cells were localized predominantly in the nerve fiber layer between the ganglion cells and the inner limiting membrane. They were pleomorphic, some displayed typical features of tissue macrophages bearing prominent cytoplasmic inclusions, others resembled monocytes or microglial cells. Their cytoplasm contained a variable number of electron-dense granules of size 0.15 micrograms and these exhibited peroxidase activity. PMID- 7316696 TI - Vitality of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture evaluated by tetracycline labeling. PMID- 7316697 TI - Osseous haemangiomas. AB - Osseous haemangiomas are rather rare. They usually present with vague symptoms and bizarre radiological pictures. Clinical suspicion and radiological speculation can only be confirmed by proper histopathological examination. Localised lesions are curable following excision. Others should be subjected to radiotherapy. This paper presents observation on 29 cases of osseous haemangiomas. PMID- 7316698 TI - Scoliosis and spondylolysis-spondylolisthesis. PMID- 7316699 TI - The ultrasonic image of the acetabular rim in infants. An experimental and clinical investigation. AB - We report about the possibilities to evaluate the fine structures of the area around the acetabular rim in infants using ultrasound. The identification of the rim within the joint capsule, limbus and cartilagineous preformed acetabular rim is explained by experimental investigations. The clinical use of ultrasound provides a diagnostic method which is painless, non invasive and especially avoids X-ray exposure. It also can be repeated as often as possible. First statements could be made about the above mentioned structures, not visible on the radiograph, according to routine ultrasonic examinations of infantile hip joints, performed to exclude a luxation. We also point out the prognostic value of the cartilagineous acetabular rim demonstrated by ultrasound. PMID- 7316700 TI - Modified technique in the dorsal approach in total hip arthroplasty. AB - A modified dorsal approach with osteotomy of a bone shell with the attached short external rotator muscles which are resutured, is described. The advantages have been less dislocations, less sciatic nerve injuries, and an increased operative access. There have been no disadvantages, as increased bleeding or periarticular calcification. The dorsal approach can be used for all conventional total hip arthroplasties and the reported modification seems to be an advantage. PMID- 7316703 TI - Bone regeneration in animals and in man. A contribution to understanding the relative value of animal experiments to human pathophysiology. AB - Under both normal and pathophysiological conditions the relationship between bony histology and the regionally associated vascular pattern was studied. Three independent methods of research were employed (microangiography, fuchsin stained ground sections, polychrome sequential labeling) and, thus, the limitations inherent in each method were minimized. Animals of different ages and different species were found to have relatively different amounts of primary and secondary bone. In all instances primary bone was associated with a network vascular pattern emanating from the periosteal surface and secondary bone was associated with an arborial vascular pattern arising from the endosteal circulation. Adult dogs, unlike sheep, were found to have a significant complement of secondary bone and, therefore, in consideration of human bony regeneration, the dog is a superior experimental model. PMID- 7316701 TI - Segmental replacement of the femur in baboons. Comparison of fixation through bone ingrowth with and without methylmethacrylate. PMID- 7316704 TI - Concentration of antibacterial agents in rat bone. A comparative study of gentamicin, ampicillin and cephaloridine. AB - The concentrations of Gentamicin, Ampicillin and Cephaloridine in thigh rat bone were studied. Measurements were done after a 24 h administration for 3 different times. Measurable quantities in the bone for the three antibiotics were detected. The best levels in relation with the M.I.C. of 4 microorganisms occurred in Cephaloridine (and in measurements of serum and bone (microgram/g). The concentration in the serum does not represent concentration in the bone. The most convenient parity was for Cephaloridine. The elimination of the drug in the bone was impressive after 2h. The slower fall occurred in Cephaloridine. Ampicillin had the same level in 4 and 6h. Gentamicin and Cephaloridine had failed to present measurable quantities in some of the animals of the last measurement. PMID- 7316705 TI - The repair process in experimentally induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in dogs. AB - Total necrosis of the femoral head was experimentally produced in dogs by freezing. The healing process was observed in a time sequence. There was a dense fibrous layer at the boundary between the necrotic bone mass and living bone tissue, in each dog which survived for 18 months after the surgery. The layers were similar to that commonly found in avascular necrosis of the femoral head in humans. Histological observation revealed that the establishment of the dense fibrous layer was the final result of three time dependent changes in biological potencies of granulation tissue, i.e., decreasing proliferating and differentiating potencies and increasing osteoclastic potency of mesenchymal cells within the granulation tissue. PMID- 7316702 TI - On the forces exerted on the hip during gait. AB - Starting from the data of Braune and Fischer on the human gait and of Fick on the hip muscles, the forces acting on the hip joint during gait are calculated in tridimensional space. The analysis confirms the study on the same subject by Pauwels with a simpler method, as far as the coronal projection is concerned. In the horizontal plane, the resultant force exerted on the hip seems to be greater and its direction is different from that described by Pauwels. PMID- 7316706 TI - Treatment of a patient with impaired renal function with gentamicin-PMMA-beads. AB - 150 gentamicin-PMMA-beads were implanted (+ 160 mg gentamicin i.v. preop.) in a woman aged 73 years and with severely impaired kidney function. Frequent determination of gentamicin plasma concentrations and renal functions were possible. The plasma concentration reached a plateau at approx. 3 micrograms/ml. No accumulation of gentamicin in plasma occurred. PMID- 7316708 TI - Peroneal nerve palsy due to fabella. AB - In general, the fabella has been considered to have a minor clinical significance, and has not been recognized as one of the causes of peroneal nerve palsy. Seven cases of peroneal nerve palsy due to the fabella are reported. The typical clinical features and the importance of electrophysiological examinations in making an accurate diagnosis are described. Of the seven cases mentioned above, three cases were treated by surgery and four cases by conservative methods. PMID- 7316707 TI - Tibial osteotomy in medial gonarthrosis. The importance of over-correction of varus deformity. AB - In a prospective series of 52 knees selected for high tibial osteotomy because of early medial arthrosis, special care was taken to obtain a final over-correction in valgus. The operative procedure and the pre- and post-operative radiographic examinations were standardized and the follow up was 1-3 years. 49 of the 52 knees had obtained a normal or over-corrected mechanical axis. 45 of these had improved painfree walking distance, and 31 were painfree. In 45 knees the arthrotic condition had not progressed, and in 5 of these there were signs of cartilage restitution. It is concluded that precise correction of medial gonarthrosis can be achieved, and this provides a rational basis for definitive treatment of early stages of this condition: for the majority an endoprosthesis operation should not be needed in the future. PMID- 7316709 TI - Experimental study of interfascicular grafts in the peroneal nerve of the rabbit. AB - To elucidate the nerve, especially motor nerve, regeneration after interfascicular grafting, the method most often used clinically, the nerve grafting was performed on 40 adult rabbits. By resecting 2.0 cm of the right peroneal nerve, the sural nerve was made into 4 interfascicular grafts under a operating microscope. The cross section area of the grafts was about the same as that of peroneal nerve. Histological and evoked electromyographic observations were conducted on the maturation of regenerating nerves of up to 24 post operative months, when the maturation would have been completed. The present histological and evoked electromyographic observations revealed that about 70% of nerve, especially motor nerve, recovery was attained after interfascicular grafts as compared with normal nerve. In the nerve regeneration after interfascicular grafts, several factors differing from the case of suture are involved, and these factors were considered from the experimental findings. PMID- 7316711 TI - Residual urine volume: correlate of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. AB - During a program of intermittent catheterization and bladder retraining, patients were taught new voiding techniques to reduce residual urine volumes gradually. Results were taught new voiding techniques to reduce residual urine volumes gradually. Results of urine cultures done weekly were recorded. Data from 105 patients during 1,190 patient-weeks were analyzed to determine if residual urine volumes correlated with rates of urinary tract infection. Mean and median residual urine volumes were 192 ml and 176ml, respectively, for positive culture results and 159ml and 138ml, respectively, for negative results (p less than 0.01). A progressive increase in the rate of urinary tract infection was apparent between residual urine volumes of 100ml and 250ml. The rate decreased unexpectedly for residual volumes greater than 250ml; the explanation requires an additional antimicrobial mechanism. PMID- 7316710 TI - Intra-articular steroids in the treatment of rotator cuff tear: reappraisal by arthrography. AB - Previous studies have cast doubt on the efficacy of intra-articular steroids in the treatment of rotator cuff tears. This investigation re-evaluated the question, using shoulder arthrography both to substantiate the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear and to assure accurate intra-articular injection of steroid. Successful results followed in 13/15 patients so treated. Intra-articular steroid administration is appropriate therapy for rotator cuff tear providing the steroid is properly injected into the shoulder joint cavity. PMID- 7316712 TI - Sensory conduction study of distal radial nerve. AB - The technique of recording superficial radial sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) from the thumb was compared with that of recording from the 1st web space. The spread of stimulus to the median nerve in the forearm when stimulating the radial sensory nerve with relatively high intensity was also investigated. Recording the radial SNAP from the 1st web space produces a larger amplitude response with a sharper takeoff point compared with that of recording from the thumb. Furthermore, with the former technique, the radial SNAP is uncontaminated by a component arising in the median distribution which makes interpretation of its configuration more reliable. PMID- 7316714 TI - Pneumatic ankle tourniquet: clinical and electrophysiologic study. AB - Current orthopedic practice in surgical procedures involving the foot calls for tourniquet of the lower extremity. It is suggested that tourniquet application at the ankle may be equally effective and less traumatic. An experiment to document the sensorimotor and electrophysiologic changes that occur with the use of the pneumatic ankle tourniquet indicated the feasibility of such a procedure. An ankle tourniquet was applied at 250mmHg for 1 hour on 40 healthy adults divided into 2 groups of 20 each. In group 1 there was no temperature control and in group 2 skin temperature was kept constant at 32C. Sensorimotor evaluations were done clinically and electrophysiologically to include proximal and distal motor latencies, conduction velocities and amplitudes of peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory latencies and amplitudes of sural and medial plantar nerves at fixed points and at fixed times. Final data show no strong indication of difference in nerve parameter abnormalities between subjects of both groups and suggest that change in different parameters of nerve function during tourniquet application is secondary to ischemia and anoxia rather than to mechanical compression. PMID- 7316713 TI - Axillary F-loop latency of ulnar nerve in normal young adults. AB - F waves were studied with stimulation of the ulnar nerve in normal subjects (25 men and 15 women, with an average age of 26.5 years) using an EMG machine that permits the simultaneous display of 8 sweeps. The axillary F-loop latency (AFLL), defined at the conduction time between the axilla (25cm from the sternal notch) and the spinal cord, was 9.17 +/- 0.81msec when 8 F responses were measured but was 8.57 +/- 1.00msec when 40 F responses were used. Data from men and women showed no significant statistical difference. The mean plus 2 standard deviations were 10.8 and 10.6msec for 8 and 40 responses, respectively. On the basis of these findings, an AFLL longer than 11msec should be considered abnormal in the young adult. Four measures repeated at weekly intervals showed no significant difference from week to week, indicating that the technique can be consistently and reliably applied at different times. The average duration of the F complex was 15.78 +/- 2.55msec and was about 80% of the average duration of the M wave. PMID- 7316715 TI - Kinematic and myoelectric analysis of skill acquisition: I. 90cm subject group. AB - The purpose of this study is to define modifications in myoelectric activity and parameters of movement occurring during the acquisition of a novel motor skill. Twenty-three subjects practiced a shoulder flexion task, the goal of which was accuracy, for 103 trials at 1 sitting. The subject-to-target distance was 90cm. Synchronized cinematography and electromyography (EMG) were used to gather data intermittently throughout the learning sequence. The criterion measure, the performance score, was significantly altered during the learning sequence, with the majority of learning occurring very early in the practice period. To effect this alteration, results indicated that success required specific modifications in the kinematics of throwing behavior to include the following: 1) A 10% decrease in limb angle at ball release; 2) a decrease of 30% in the movement time for the limb excursion; and 3) a 60% increase in velocity of the limb at ball release. Alterations which occurred simultaneously in myoelectric variables included the following: 1) An early (within 3 trials) and sizable overall increase in total electrical activity for agonists and antagonists alike; 2) an increase in premovement activity for each of the muscles; 3) changes in coordination or the sequential firing of the various muscles; 4) alterations in the times needed to reach peak electrical activity; and 5) replacement of variables representing total electrical output by myotemporal variables, indicating that the subjects became dependent upon minor adjustments in temporal sequencing later in the practice session for any further performance refinements or improvements. PMID- 7316716 TI - Kinematic and myoelectric analysis of skill acquisition: II. 150cm subject group. AB - This experiment was conducted as a direct variation of a previous report. All electromyographic (EMG) and kinematic procedures were identical to those reported earlier; however, a new sample of 23 subjects practiced the shoulder flexion taken at a different subject-to-target distance (150cm) in an effort to establish whether similarities or differences existed between this and the previously developed model of skill acquisition. The criterion measure was again significantly altered during the learning sequence, and the majority of learning occurred within the first few trials. Kinematic and myoelectric measurements followed patterns similar to those reported in the previous model. To develop and maintain accuracy at the task, the subjects in the 150cm group found it necessary to decrease the projectile angle (19%), decrease the movement time (20%), an increase in the velocity of the limb at ball release (50%). Myoelectric activity commensurate with these kinematic changes included the following: 1) a considerable overall increase in total electrical activity for all muscles; 2) increases in premovement muscular activity for all muscles; 3) alterations in muscle firing order; and 4) replacement of variables representing total electric output by temporal variables later in the practice sessions. As indicated by the performance score, the added subject-to-target distance increased the difficulty of the task. Empirical observation concludes that the pattern of skill improvement was essentially similar for both groups. PMID- 7316718 TI - Saphenous nerve conduction. PMID- 7316719 TI - Metabolic and endocrine changes in spinal cord injury: I. The nervous system before and after transection of the spinal cord. AB - This is the first article of a 4-part series which provides a comprehensive, concise review and analysis of the pertinent literature published over the last 25 years on the metabolic and endocrine consequences of spinal cord injury. This article begins with a brief overview of the physiology of the nervous system, and then reviews the metabolic changes associated with the motor paralysis which follows cervical spinal cord injury. Studies reviewed on SCI patients include investigations of body composition (lean mass, fat, creatinine, water, electrolytes), urine composition (creatinine, uric acid, fluid balance, electrolytes), and the blood flow and histochemistry of paralyzed muscles. Studies reviewed from animal models include investigations of the properties of muscle cells, membranes, somatic receptors, and the kinetics of electrolytes in paralyzed limbs, and how succinylcholine modified these properties and kinetics. Information from articles reviewed here is organized under the following headings: problems studied, methods of investigation and results, conclusions, summary of results, discrepancies, areas of needed research, and practical clinical implications. Highlights of pertinent data contained in the original articles are organized in tables to facilitate direct comparisons between similar studies and between data on healthy and spinal cord injured subjects. PMID- 7316717 TI - Radicular derivation of sensory action potentials in lower extremity. AB - A patient with grade II spondylolisthesis and back pain underwent Harrington rod instrumentation. Postoperatively, he developed pain and numbness of the lateral aspect of the left foot and loss of the left AChilles reflex. Preoperative electrodiagnostic findings of the left lower extremity were normal. Two postoperative studies revealed that, concomitant with evidence of denervation if the left S1-supplied muscles, his sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) had been abolished but the superficial peroneal SNAP, recorded from the intermediate branch, was normal and equal to that of the contralateral foot. Though various dermatomal maps show this branch to be in the border zone between S1 and L5 dermatomes, the findings in this patient are evidence that the SNAP of the superficial peroneal nerve, recorded as described, is subserved by fibers in the L5 root. In lesions producing axonal loss in L5 root distribution, the amplitude of the superficial peroneal SNAP will be of value in distinguishing lesions at or distal to the dorsal root ganglion from those proximal to it. PMID- 7316720 TI - Patient behavior as a predictor of outcomes in spinal cord injury. AB - This study explores relationships between behavior of spinal cord injured persons during hospitalization and their medical and behavioral status after discharge. It illustrates a logic for identifying, selecting and testing indicators of patient performance that predict important aspects of outcome. Key behavioral measures were obtained for 14 patients, including independence, diversity, level of activity, and mobility. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to identify significant predictors of outcome. A subset of inhospital measures predicted an estimated 39% of the variance in unscheduled readmissions to the rehabilitation center, and 70% of the variance in independent functioning after discharge. Inhospital mobility predicted an estimated 68% of the variance in the rate of activities performed outside the home. In general, measures obtained late in hospital stays were the best predictors of both medical and behavioral status. Patient behavior during hospitalization can have practical implications for planning health care services and clinical practice. PMID- 7316721 TI - Thermal response of paraplegic skin to the application of localized pressure. AB - The skin temperature response of paraplegic skin to application of localized pressure has been measured and compared to the response of nonparalyzed skin. Following pressure release, skin temperature generally increased to a maximum value and then decreased slowly. The peak temperature rise observed was dependent on the magnitude and duration of applied pressure, with higher values of peak temperature rise associated with higher values of both the magnitude and duration of applied pressure. This trend is similar to that observed with nonparalyzed subjects. For both of these groups, the general pattern of temperature response curves are similar, and the magnitudes of peak temperature values are not much different. Skin temperature responses are believed to be due to reactive hyperemia. Pressure magnitudes and pressure application times used were below those needed to cause pressure sore formation. PMID- 7316723 TI - Visual perception of verticality and horizontality among elderly fallers. AB - Patients who had suffered repeated falls or a single fall which led to hospitalization were tested for errors in visual perception of the verticality or horizontality of a rod presented on a video screen. Fallers had significantly greater average error scores than nonfallers. Fallers were more likely to be elderly or hemiplegic, and these conditions were also associated with elevated error scores. However, when age or hemiplegia was removed as a factor in the analysis, perceptual errors were still significantly greater in fallers than in nonfallers. PMID- 7316724 TI - Rehabilitation status of chronic renal disease patients undergoing dialysis: variations by age category. AB - Medical, vocational and psychological indicators of rehabilitation status were examined for 137 patients undergoing chronic dialysis therapy. Patients were evaluated by means of a semi-structured interview, self-ratings of satisfaction and depression and assessments of physical strength and cognitive-motor skills. Patients aged 25 to 34 years old were found to have the best overall adjustment to chronic dialysis therapy. The data indicate a need for improved vocational counseling for patients under age 25 and for increased concern with sources of depression among patients 55 and older. PMID- 7316722 TI - Geriatric patients with and without intellectual dysfunction: effectiveness of a standard rehabilitation program. PMID- 7316725 TI - Electromyographic response of the elbow flexors to a changing, dislocating force. AB - The electromyographic (EMG) outputs of the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis muscles of 14 subjects were monitored during the application of an externally generated, dislocating force across the elbow joint. Subjects were seated in an apparatus designed to maintain the right upper extremity at 90 degrees shoulder flexion and 180 degrees elbow extension. The dislocating force was increased from 0-22 Newtons (N) at an average rate of 2N/sec to determine if a minimum load were necessary before muscles would be activated. Although no muscle was found to be significantly more active than any other over the entire load range, post hoc analysis showed that both the brachialis and brachioradialis were significantly more active at loads above 18N than below. The biceps brachii showed no significant increase in activity. The practice of strengthening muscles as a means of protecting joint integrity can be questioned by these results since the muscles under study did little to resist elbow joint dislocation at loads up to 18N. PMID- 7316726 TI - [Clinical and angiographic findings in vascular medullary syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - Eleven cases presenting a syndrome of the medulla oblongata are discussed with reference to the findings of clinical and angiographic investigation. The diagnosis of Wallenberg's syndrome is justified when the classic symptoms are apparent (Horner's syndrome, nystagmus, dysphonia and dysphagia, ataxia, ipsilateral sensory impairment of the face and contralateral elsewhere, and accompanying vegetative disturbances). If additional symptoms such as a facial or extra-ocular muscle paresis, especially hemiparesis, exist, another, more lateral or medial, syndrome of the oblongata should be considered. Angiographic findings vary considerably, ranging from a normal vertebral artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) to an occlusion of these arteries (in three and two of the 11 cases respectively). Modification are often seen in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). A kind of complementary supply in the PICA-AICA region must occasionally exist. Localised processes affecting these vessels rather than diffuse multifocal vascular processes would lead to Wallenberg's syndrome. It is difficult to conclude from the clinical picture where a possible responsible vascular narrowing or obliteration may lie, even if pareses of the limb were present. PMID- 7316727 TI - Investigations on enzyme activity in the serum and CSF of patients with neuromuscular diseases. AB - The CPK, aldolase, GOT, GPT, and LDH concentrations in the serum and lumbar CSF of 80 patients with neuromuscular diseases and 20 controls were measured. The value obtained in serum was essentially in agreement with the data in the literature. This is the first publications reporting on regular CSF enzyme examinations in different neuromuscular disorders, particularly the results obtained in neurogenic muscular atrophies, which have certain characteristic features. The LDH activity in CSF was decreased in peroneal muscular atrophy, the GPT concentration in CSF was elevated in spinal muscular atrophy, and the mean activity of CSF aldolase was increased in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The simultaneous determination of enzymes in serum and CSF can provide valuable information in the research of certain details of pathomechanisms and thus lead to further improvement of diagnosis. PMID- 7316729 TI - Referent communication of chronic schizophrenics and chronic alcoholics under simultaneous and successive task presentation. AB - Sixteen chronic schizophrenics and 16 chronic alcoholics were presented pairs of colors with the instruction to describe one of them (referent) so that an unknown listener could distinguish the referent from the other color (nonreferent). In one experimental condition patients were asked to name the nonreferent before they were instructed to describe the referent (successive presentation). In the other condition a parallel set of display colors was presented simultaneously with the instruction to describe the referent. Both groups of patients communicated equally well under both modes of presentation. In both groups communication accuracy decreased while response latency and references to the nonreferent increased, the more difficult the colors were to discriminate. Schizophrenics, but not alcoholics, referred more often to both the colors in a display if the successive mode of presentation was administered before the simultaneous mode. They showed a steeper slope of utterance length across levels of difficulty than the alcoholics. In the schizophrenic group, the degree of general psychopathology as well as paranoid and anergic tendencies correlated negatively with communication accuracy, utterance length, and the number of descriptions referring to both colors of an item in the simultaneous presentation condition. Results were discussed with respect to earlier work with Cohen's (1978a) referent communication task. PMID- 7316730 TI - [Psychometry of depression in patients undergoing haemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Over a period of 8 days, 32 haemodialysis out-patients were studied. Psychometric alien- and self-rating questionnaires were completed twice a day. The aim of the study was to produce a survey of the frequency and severity of depression in haemodialysis patients. It was speculated that the potency of haemodialysis in producing depression might be a helpful model in searching for biochemical factors in this disorder. Self-ratings showed short-term depressive changes in mood in about 15% of cases, which were not confirmed by alien-rating scales. It is concluded that neither incidence and severity nor longitudinal and cross sectional profiles support a biochemical determination of depression in haemodialysis patients. PMID- 7316731 TI - [Multiple transient brain-infiltrates in allergic meningo-encephalitis. Contribution to the differential diagnosis of CSF-eosinophilia (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a patient with transient multiple brain infiltrates in allergic meningoencephalitis--demonstrated by cranial compute tomography--is reported. The differential diagnosis of CSF-eosinophilia in inflammatory diseases of the brain is discussed, with special reference to the involvement of the central nervous system in parasitic infections and allergic reactions. The possibility of transient eosinophilic brain infiltrates as a cause of neurological symptoms in allergic meningoencephalitis is emphasized. PMID- 7316728 TI - [Spontaneous oral dyskinesia. Successful treatment with tetrabenazine (author's transl)]. AB - Tetrabenazine (50-150 mg/day) was a moderate to excellent efficacy in each of six patients with severe spontaneous oral dyskinesia. Slight akinesia, rigidity, and transient disorientation were occasional side effects that could easily be controlled and were tolerated by the patient in view of the lasting amelioration of this debilitating symptom. When tetrabenazine was administered for blepharospasm, only two of six cases showed partial improvement with more severe side effects. PMID- 7316732 TI - Cerebellar glioblastoma presenting clinically as Wallenberg's syndrome. AB - The clinico-neuropathological report is given of a glioblastoma multiforme with primary site in the cerebellum. The patient presented clinically with Wallenberg's syndrome; morphological investigations revealed the tumor partly invading the dorsolateral region of medulla oblongata. There are some reports of Wallenberg's syndrome not caused by vascular stenosis or occlusion, but by metastatic tumors in the lateral medullary region. The present report is the first of a cerebellar glioblastoma causing the peculiar brainstem syndrome. PMID- 7316733 TI - [Influence of actual epileptic seizures on performance and personality in epileptic children (author's transl)]. AB - A test battery was administered to 108 brain-damaged epileptic backward children. The purpose of the investigation was to examine the influence of actual seizures (free of seizures or not) on intelligence, visuomotoric gestalt function, sensoric motoric function and personality characteristics. The two-failed t-test, discriminant analyses, regression analyses and factor analyses were computed. Most differences in performance (intelligence, visual perception, motoric function) between the diagnostic groups (free of seizures vs. not free of seizures) were statistically significant (P less than 1%); the differences in personality characteristics, however, were not statistically significant (P greater than 1%). The administered tests differentiated the two groups: 90% of the 108 subjects were correctly classified due to a clinical criterion. Motoric and perseverance variables were the most important variables of the discriminant function. Subjects without seizures scored higher than subjects with epileptic seizures. As a result of factor analyses personality variables and performance variables constituted different factors in most cases. An important exception concerning the group "free of seizures" was the variable "Pathognomic verbalization": this variable and performance variables were part of one factor. In subjects "not free of seizures", however, this variable and other personality variables clustered together in one factor. PMID- 7316734 TI - [The prognostic value of psychopathometric data about the psychopathological state of schizophrenic patients on admission and discharge (author's transl)]. AB - A psychopathometric study on the course of schizophrenic patients was carried out in order to analyse the long-term prognostic value of the psychopathological state on clinical admission and discharge. Eighty-one patients with schizophrenic or similar psychoses were rate three times using well-validated psychopathological scales ("Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale", "Clinical Selfrating Scales"): in the beginning, at the end of clinical treatment and 5-6 years after discharge. As for differentiated or global outcome-criteria, the psychopathological state on discharge was of more prognostic importance than the psychopathological state on admission. There existed syndrome-specific relationships between discharge and follow-up, i.e., in general each syndrome correlated most closely with itself between the two times of measurement. As for global outcome criteria, depressive-apathetic symptoms were of more special importance than productive schizophrenic symptoms indicating a poor outcome. The stepwise multiple regression analysis gave prognostically optimal combinations of IMPS-syndromes at admission and discharge which were different for each outcome criterium. Nevertheless, some syndromes were repeatedly among the best predictors. The combination of best predictors explained a greater part of outcome-variance than one predictor alone. The prognostic value of the combination could be optimated by including the factors of the self-rating scales. PMID- 7316735 TI - Levels of total and free tryptophan in the plasma of endogenous and neurotic depressives. AB - The levels of total and free tryptophan were determined in the plasma of 34 endogenous depressives, 20 neurotic depressives and 25 healthy volunteers. Whilst the levels of total tryptophan were not different in the three groups, the level of free tryptophan was reduced in both endogenous and neurotic depressives. PMID- 7316737 TI - The effects of focal epileptic activity on the somatosensory evoked potentials in the rat. AB - The cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of the rat, evoked by contralateral forepaw stimulation, consisted of early (P 1 and N 1) and the late components (P 2 and N 2). Microelectrode recording yielded evoked unitary responses of short latencies in the range of the early components and responses of longer latencies in the range of P 2. During the development of focal epilepsy after topical application of penicillin, the late components of SEP were enhanced and the enhanced late negativity corresponded to a surface negative cortical spike. The prominent enlargement of later components was associated with prolonged, often recurrent discharges of long latency unitary responses and with enlarged local field potentials. Early components of SEP remained relatively unaffected and so did unitary responses with short latencies. Epileptic spike conditioned SEPs in the cuneate nucleus, thalamic sensory relay nucleus and sensory cortex were depressed from 100 ns (cuneate nucleus) to about 300 ms (thalamus and cortex) subsequent to spike discharge. Transmission in the cuneate nucleus was least affected. Thalamic and cortical early components of SEP had similar time courses of recovery, which differed markedly from hat of cortical late components. Our findings suggest that two different neuronal activities generate different components of SEP and are differentially involved in the epileptic activities, which results in the different amplitude recovery following spontaneous epileptic spike discharges. PMID- 7316736 TI - [Stenoses of the cerebral arteries in pseudoxanthoma elasticum (author's transl)]. AB - The Gronblad-Strandberg-Syndrome (Pseudoxanthoma elasticum) is a systemic disease of the elastic tissue, typical symptoms being lesion of skin and ocular fundi. The frequently appearing vascular changes, particularly of occlusive nature, are important for the patient's prognosis. Several clinical observations had led different authors to assume cerebrovascular involvement. Our neuroradiological findings support this opinion: In this report on a 45-year-old patient with acute hemisyndrome, we demonstrated, for the first time using computerized tomography, ischemic infarcts of both cerebral hemispheres. Cerebral angiography showed bilateral stenoses of the internal carotid arteries with further irregularities of the lumen of the intracranial arteries. PMID- 7316738 TI - [Building syndromes in the AMP-system (author's transl)]. AB - The symptoms of 2269 psychiatric patients on admission, documented by the AMP (PAS) system, were factor-analysed to build syndromes of psychopathology. The nine syndromes could be cross-validated. We believe a useful description of the findings on admission can be made by the following syndromes: paranoid hallucinatory, manic, psycho-organic, depressive, apathetic, hostile, stuporous, somatic, compulsive. The correlation with other syndromes based on AMP by other scientists is substantial. For each item we computed the percentage of occurrence and the item-scale correlation, and for the syndrome-scales reliability, intercorrelations and T-transformations. We calculated the mean profiles for some diagnostic groups to test some aspects of the validity of the syndromes. It was demonstrated that a differentiation is possible. PMID- 7316739 TI - [Current therapeutic trends in acute articular rheumatism in children]. PMID- 7316740 TI - [Serum levels of pseudocholinesterase in alcoholic cirrhosis patients. Correlation with the extent of anatomo-functional damage. Unfavorable prognostic index]. AB - Following an introduction on the question of pseudocholinesterase (CHE) in cirrhosis of the liver and acute and chronic hepatopathy, a personal study of 35 chronic cases at various stages of the disease is reported. The patients were submitted to the usual haematochemical liver function tests as well as to liver needle biopsy with anatomo-functional staging of the liver trouble, which was largely due to alcohol poisoning. The CHE level in these patients was monitored until death. On the basis of the results, measurement of CHE is identified as an index not only of liver function (this is of course well known) but of prognosis infausta, there being a confirmed correlation between survival and CHE serum level. PMID- 7316741 TI - [Sequential hepatobiliary scintiscanning in surgery of the bile ducts]. PMID- 7316742 TI - [Effects of hydroxyprogesterone caproate on articular cartilage of rabbits during bone growth]. PMID- 7316743 TI - [Effects of hydroxyprogesterone caproate on conjugation cartilage of rabbits during bone growth]. PMID- 7316744 TI - [Sodium phosphocreatine and platelet aggregation. Experimental research in vivo and in vitro]. PMID- 7316745 TI - [Evaluation in vivo and in vitro of the hemodynamic effects of sodium phosphocreatine]. PMID- 7316746 TI - [Examination of mammography records. Retrospective study of patients examined in the decade 1967-1976]. AB - A retrospective study has been made of mammography data with a view to identifying and analysing a number of epidemiologico-clinical and socio-medical factors involved in the problem of breast cancer. Particular attention was paid to the existence of risk indicators related to malignant cancer of the breast. Routine statistical tests on the data showed that patients with breast cancer differ from other women (healthy or with benign neoplasia, or dysplasia, or suspected malignity, or inflammation) because of the higher frequency of certain features such as the high average age, late menopause, early menarche, longer interval between menarche and first term pregnancy, family history of malignant cancer of all types and of exclusively breast localization. This analysis proved to be in agreement with other data reported in the literature, however, a number of factors considered to be risk indicators were not found: i.e. absence of pregnancy, absence of breast feeding and reduction in the total breast feeding time. PMID- 7316747 TI - [Acute salicylate poisoning]. PMID- 7316748 TI - Effects of demand for performance, self-monitoring of arousal, and increased sympathetic nervous system activity on male erectile response. AB - Clinical programs for the treatment of impotence generally have been successful but without experimental verification of their individual components or factors associated with the development of impotence. Twenty-four normal males participated in an investigation comparing factors believed to inhibit or facilitate penile tumescence. The effects of demand for performance, self monitoring of erection, and increased SNS activity, were evaluated. Subjects were exposed to sexual stimuli under these conditions and measurements of penile responses were taken. Results indicated that there were no differential effects on penile responses between demand and no-demand or between self-monitoring and no self-monitoring. Increased SNS activity appeared to facilitate loss of erection, but only after, and not during, the sexual stimulus. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions are made for future research. PMID- 7316750 TI - Prevention of renal insufficiency after abdominal aortic aneurysm resection by optimal volume loading. AB - A retrospective case review of 34 men was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between preoperative volume loading and renal function before, during, and after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Volume expansion was guided by either central venous pressure (CVP) in 12 patients or pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) measurements in 22 patients. Statistically significant differences (P less than .05) were noted between the two groups where greater preoperative volume loading and urine output were associated with lower postoperative serum creatinine and renal function indices in the PAWP group. The age range, vascular risk factors, aneurysm size, and preoperative renal function were similar. The data indicate that (1) PAWP is a more accurate monitor for volume expansion than CVP and (2) when volume replacement is optimal, abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery is not associated with postoperative renal insufficiency. PMID- 7316749 TI - Blood potassium cardioplegia administration. Comparison of myocardial protection offered by three techniques. AB - To investigate the best method of administration of blood potassium cardioplegia, 19 dogs were studied while undergoing 120 minutes each of aortic crossclamping (myocardial temperature, less than 15 degrees C). Group 1 (six dogs) underwent a single 120-minute period of aortic crossclamping with the heart protected by multiple reinjections (1,000 mL every 30 minutes) of blood potassium cardioplegia solution (potassium chloride, 30 mEq/L; pH, 8; temperature, less than 15 degrees C). Group 2 (six dogs) underwent four separate 30-minute periods of aortic crossclamping, but allowing hearts to beat in a nonworking state for 20 minutes at 35 degrees C between each arrest interval. Hearts in group 3 (seven dogs) were initially arrested as described above, following which a continuous infusion (75 mL/min; KCl, 10 mEq/L) of blood potassium cardioplegia solution was maintained throughout the arrest period. Measurements of myocardial metabolism, ventricular function, regional blood flow, and ultrastructure were carried out before arrest and 30 minutes after final unclamping. Analysis of the data revealed no significant benefit of one method over another, with the exception that adenosine triphosphate level was least preserved with intermittent unclamping and reperfusion. Because continuous perfusion techniques are more cumbersome than multidose reinjection, and intermittent aortic crossclamping lengthens total cardiopulmonary bypass time, we favor the simplest approach, multidose reinjection during a single uninterrupted period of aortic crossclamping. PMID- 7316752 TI - Endarterectomy for segmental occlusive disease of the superficial femoral artery. AB - Endarterectomy for segmental disease is a reliable method for restoring the continuity of the superficial femoral artery (SFA). Operative morbidity was negligible and mortality absent. Long-term patency compares favorably with that of femoropopliteal saphenous vein grafts. The purpose of segmental endarterectomy is to restore arterial continuity, which hopefully will prevent major occlusions of the SFA. To maintain the integrity of the SFA, however, frequent interval examination and repeated arteriography are indicated as segmental disease tends to recur. Relief of intermittent claudication is a major event in the patient's life-style, and this technique of restoring arterial continuity while preserving the greater saphenous vein is a concept worthy of consideration. PMID- 7316751 TI - Femorotibial and femoroperoneal bypass vein grafts. A 15-year experience. AB - Results with 111 femoral-infrapopliteal vein grafts in 105 patients were subjected to life-table analysis. The overall five-year cumulative graft patency rate of 46% was associated with a 60% limb salvage rate. In cases in which the infrapopliteal graft represented the initial operative procedure, the five-year limb salvage and patency rates (69% and 56%, respectively) were significantly higher (P less than .05) than those achieved with secondary grafts (38% and 22%, respectively). Most limbs (79%) with failed intrapopliteal grafts, without further attempts at reconstruction, required major amputation within six months. The site of the distal anastomosis (anterior tibial, posterior tibial, or peroneal arteries) proved not to be a significant factor in determining long-term limb salvage or graft patency rates. Furthermore, the differences between five year salvage and patency rates in diabetics (45% and 32%, respectively) and nondiabetics (65% and 53%, respectively) approached but did not reach statistical significance. It is believed these observations support the established but controversial role of infrapopliteal bypass in advanced peripheral occlusive diseases. PMID- 7316753 TI - Postoperative stroke and late neurologic complications after carotid endarterectomy. AB - From 1969 through 1973, 335 consecutive patients (mean age, 60 years) underwent 390 carotid endarterectomies using hypercarbic general anesthesia and no carotid shunting. Early neurologic complications were most common among patients with previous neurologic symptoms and among those with subtotal stenosis or occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery. The introduction of routine carotid shunting without hypercarbia during a subsequent series of 626 procedures from 1974 through 1978 has been associated with significantly fewer operative strokes in comparable groups of patients. Complete follow-up information during a mean interval of 8.6 years is available for 95% of 325 operative survivors. Late completed strokes have occurred in 17% of patients but have involved the cerebral hemisphere on the side of previous carotid endarterectomy in only 7%. Of 93 operative survivors who had subtotal stenosis of the contralateral internal carotid artery, 45 underwent contralateral endarterectomy as an elective procedure and 48 did not. The late contralateral stroke rates for these two groups of patients were 4% and 16%, respectively, although these differences did not attain statistical significance. Forty-nine (78%) of 63 patients with contralateral internal carotid occlusion have had no late neurologic symptoms following unilateral carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 7316754 TI - Carotid endarterectomy. The unreliability of intraoperative monitoring in patients having had stroke or reversible ischemic neurologic deficit. AB - We reviewed 125 patients who had had stroke or reversible ischemic neurologic deficits (RIND) and who underwent carotid endarterectomy, with follow-up extending to six years. Phase I patients (n = 36) had endarterectomy and shunt placement at operation by surgeons' preference. The rate of postoperative neurologic deficit was 8%. Phase II patients (n = 36) had endarterectomy monitored by EEG and stump pressures. Postoperative deficits occurred in 9%. The EEGs and stump pressures in these patients were "normal"; therefore, no shunt was used. Phase III patients (n = 41) had endarterectomy again monitored by EEG and stump pressure. Despite normal EEGs or stump by EEG and stump pressure. Despite normal EEGs or stump pressure, all patients underwent endarterectomy with a temporary indwelling shunt. No complications occurred. In 368 patients operated on for transient ischemic attacks alone, the operative stroke rate was 1.6%. Stump pressure and EEG are unreliable indicators of cerebral perfusion during carotid endarterectomy in patients who have suffered stroke or RIND. Use of a temporary shunt is indicated in all of these patients. PMID- 7316755 TI - Prognosis of patients with transient ischemic attacks and normal angiograms. AB - Of 358 patients referred for evaluation of cerebral vascular insufficiency over a ten-year period (January 1971 to April 1981), 32 were isolated who had experienced hemispheric transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), and lacking other identifiable abnormality were found angiographically to be free of suspicious extracranial occlusive or ulcerated lesions. These patients were studied retrospectively to evaluate their prognosis in terms of cerebral infarction and recurrent neurologic symptoms. In a mean follow-up of 16 months, ranging from three months to four years, no patient suffered a cerebral infarction. Six had further symptoms; however three were due to other abnormalities found subsequently. Three patients continued to be symptomatic; however, only one patient had recurrent hemispheric symptoms, the others being global and vague in description. Severe hypertension was associated with an increased risk of further attacks. The data indicate that the prognosis for patients with normal angiograms and hemispheric TIAs, lacking other identifiable abnormality, is good. PMID- 7316756 TI - Obliterative arterial disease of the upper extremity. AB - During the past 20 years, 163 patients had 194 operations for obliterative arterial disease of the upper extremity. Of these, 68 had neurological symptoms primarily that were associated with arterial obstruction of the first portion of the subclavian artery. The remaining 95 patients had ischemic symptoms of the upper extremity, namely, intermittent claudication of the arm or ischemic necrosis of the fingers. There were 95 procedures performed on 90 patients with diminished or absent brachial blood pressures. There were 89 cervical sympathectomies performed on patients whose brachial pressures were equal to the contralateral arm. When sympathectomy was done, results were excellent in patients who had a rise in skin temperature confirmed preoperatively by reflex vasodilation studies. An aggressive approach with early diagnostic arteriography and appropriate surgical therapy is indicated in patients with ischemia to the upper extremity. PMID- 7316757 TI - Conservative operative management of intussusception of the appendix. PMID- 7316758 TI - Inhalation pharmacokinetics based on gas uptake studies. III. A pharmacokinetic assessment in man of "peak concentrations" of vinyl chloride. AB - On the basis of previous determinations of pharmacokinetic parameters for inhaled vinyl chloride in men, rhesus monkeys, and rats, and on improved pharmacokinetic models a pharmacokinetic treatment of the problem of "peak concentrations" of vinyl chloride, as occurring in industrial practice, became possible. For the calculations, metabolic elimination kinetics of vinyl chloride was assumed to be first order as experiments in different species including rhesus monkeys showed "linear" pharmacokinetics up to atmospheric exposures of 200-300 ppm. The distribution of vinyl chloride between atmosphere and organism under different conditions was evaluated using "'steady-state-kinetics". After treating the processes of "influx", "efflux", and "metabolism", the numerical values for the parameters derived from a human kinetic experiment were used to theoretically calculate the time courses of concentration of vinyl chloride in the organism and of the cumulative amount of vinyl chloride metabolized, under the conditions of (a) a 2h constant exposure to 5 ppm vinyl chloride and (b) two subsequent "peaks" of 50 ppm with a duration of 5 min each. This model calculation suggested that, regardless of the exposure profile, the amount of (reactive) metabolites formed from vinyl chloride would solely be a function of the mean atmospheric vinyl chloride concentration over time. The general validity of this suggested rule could subsequently be demonstrated. As the concentration of the reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride responsible for the carcinogenic effect at the target site must be a resultant of both formation and inactivation, an evaluation of the differential risk of different exposure profiles can reasonably be based on biochemical examinations of the "detoxifying" pathways. This points out the relevance of studies of the patterns of different metabolites of vinyl chloride in man under varying exposure profiles. PMID- 7316759 TI - A case of fatal poisoning by rifampicin. AB - The toxicologic findings of a fatal poisoning with rifampicin (Rimactan) are presented. The concentration of rifampicin and its two major metabolites 25 desacetylrifampicin and 3-formylrifamycin in post-mortem blood, urine, bile and liver at about 10 h after ingestion of 14-15 g was determined using a high performance liquid chromatographic method. The results of the toxicological analyses were compared with findings in fatal and non-fatal intoxications and after therapeutic administration of the drug. Possible explanation for the fatal outcome is given. PMID- 7316760 TI - Neurotoxicology of vincristine in the cat. Electrophysiological studies. AB - Cats were given vincristine sulfate (50 micrograms/kg i.v. every 4 days) and studied after 7-29 injections when neurological deficits became evident. The conduction velocity spectrum of individual afferent nerves from soleus muscles was shifted toward slower velocities. Relatively few functional muscle spindles or other proprioceptors which responded to muscle stretch were encountered. Those primary endings of soleus muscle spindles which did respond were significantly reduced in dynamic but not length sensitivity. Length sensitivity of secondary endings was unchanged. Thresholds of secondary but not primary endings were elevated. The average conduction velocity of soleus motor axons was reduced 30% but no deficit was detected in motor nerve terminal function. Indirectly-elicited contractile tension of the soleus muscles of the neuropathic cats was not significantly lower than that in untreated animals. Amplitudes of spinal monosynaptic reflexes were unaffected. These data indicate, that in the cat, neurological impairment results partly from dysfunction in muscle spindles and peripheral nerves. PMID- 7316761 TI - Enzyme studies with human and hen autopsy tissue suggest omethoate does not cause delayed neuropathy in man. AB - Levels of acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase were measured in brain autopsy material. In tissue from a fatal human poisoning and from hens given 4-8 x unprotected LD50 AChE was highly inhibited and neurotoxic esterase uninhibited. The findings correlate with the inhibitory power of omethoate against these enzymes in vitro. It is concluded that omethoate has negligible potential to cause delayed neuropathy and a published report of human neuropathy due to omethoate is criticised. PMID- 7316762 TI - Movement of thallium (I) ions in vitro. AB - 1. Movement of thallium (I) ions across the mucosal epithelium of descending rat colon, stripped of the muscularis externa in vitro was determined under voltage clamp conditions. 2. The unidirectional fluxes of thallium (I) ions from mucosal to serosal side (M leads to S) and in the opposite direction (S leads to M) were measured at 0 mV. A net flux of thallium (I) ions was observed from serosal to mucosal side (0.216 nmoles . cm-2 . h-1) in other words, the mucosal epithelium is apparently asymmetric for the movement of thallium (I) ions. 3. The investigations were carried out on the range of -30mV up to +30 mV from mucosal to serosal side. Thallium (I) ions move from mucosal to serosal side (M leads to S) by diffusion only (Pi = 0.119 cm.h-1), whereas into the opposite direction (S leads to M) thallium (I) ions in addition to a voltage-dependent component are transported against an electrical gradient. PMID- 7316763 TI - Severe chlorate poisoning: report of a case. AB - A case of severe sodium chlorate poisoning was observed within 5 h after suicidal ingestion of 150-200 g of the herbicide. Methaemoglobinaemia was the early symptom of the intoxication. Treatment with methylene blue and ascorbic acid could not prevent a massive haemolysis with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hypercoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis could be treated successfully with exchange transfusions, heparin and fresh plasma. During the first hours, 70 mmol chlorate were excreted before complete renal failure occurred which required haemodialysis for several weeks. Clinical observations and in vitro experiments provide evidence that methylene blue is effective only in the very early stages of chlorate poisoning. Consequently, the following treatment is suggested: gastric lavage, exchange transfusion, bicarbonate infusion, haemodialysis, anticoagulation with heparin and substitution of clotting factors if necessary. PMID- 7316764 TI - Chromatographic determination of thiodiglycolic acid - a metabolite of vinyl chloride. AB - The determination of thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) In urine by gas chromatography (GC) is described. The analytical procedure includes addition of internal standard (o-phthalic acid), ethyl acetate extraction, evaporation of the solvent and silylation of TDGA with N-trimethylsilyl-diethylamine in pyridine (1:1). The results are calculated from the ratio of TDGA and internal standard peak heights. The detection limit of the method is 10 mg/l and the coefficient of various is +/ 5%. PMID- 7316765 TI - [Does alcohol enhance the toxicity of paraquat (author's transl)]. AB - Oral ingestion of about 80 ml of a 20% solution of paraquat (Gramoxone) by a 44 years-old male alcoholic was followed by an acute edema of the lungs and death within 24 hrs. The administration of corticosteroids as well as the employment of forced diuresis, charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis did not prevent this acute lethal outcome. The very high initial plasma concentration of 2.56 mg/l dropped quickly after hemoperfusion and dialysis to 1.19 mg/l. In mice ingesting a 5% ethanol solution for one week the LD50 of paraquat was diminished to 80 (63 102) mg/kg p.o. as compared to 170 (126 - 229) mg/kg p.o. in controls indicating that alcohol is able to enhance the acute toxicity of paraquat. PMID- 7316766 TI - [The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in V79 Chinese hamster cells exposed to heavy metals]. PMID- 7316767 TI - The effect of dietary cadmium and zinc on lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in rats. PMID- 7316768 TI - [Test for the determination of organic halogen compounds in mixtures using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and data processing]. PMID- 7316769 TI - [Alcohol consumption and changes in the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 7316770 TI - [Report on patients treated for acute poisoning in the Internal Medicine Department of the hospital in Stip from 1974 to 1978]. PMID- 7316771 TI - [Plant poisoning - first aid and treatment]. PMID- 7316772 TI - [Sulphur dioxide and sulphates in the air in the Zagreb suburban districts, Remetinec and Samobor]. PMID- 7316773 TI - [Plutonium contamination of the internal organs of cattle]. PMID- 7316774 TI - [A rare type of biological response to inhalation of asbestos dust (multiple lung asbestomas)]. PMID- 7316775 TI - [A methodological approach to evaluating the toxicity of chemical substances]. PMID- 7316776 TI - Alteration of collagen synthesis in different tissues of the atherosclerotic rabbit. AB - The effect of hypercholesterolemia on the rate of collagen synthesis in different tissues of the rabbit was investigated. Following 60-70 days of an atherogenic diet cholesterol content and collagen synthesis was estimated in rabbit aorta, liver and lung. All three tissues demonstrated significant increases in cholesterol and cholesterol ester content, but only the aorta and liver had a significant increase in collagen synthetic rate. These data demonstrate 1) that serum hypercholesterolemia does not cause a generalized increase in collagen synthesis in all tissues and 2) that tissue hypercholesterolemia does not always increase tissue collagen synthesis. PMID- 7316777 TI - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and serum fatty acids. AB - The rate of cholesterol esterification in vitro was significantly lower (-20%) in non-obese diabetics than in non-obese controls. More specifically, this decrease was found to be in cholesteryl linoleate synthesis. The concentration of serum free fatty acid, particularly of oleic acid, was 2-3 times higher in diabetic patients than in controls. The decreased rate of serum cholesterol esterification was associated with an increase in serum free fatty acid concentration and with a decrease of linoleic acid in serum phospholipids. PMID- 7316778 TI - Cholesteryl ester synthesis in canine vein and artery. AB - Accumulation of cholesteryl esters in arterial tissue is a prominent feature of human and experimental atherosclerosis. This accumulation does not occur in undisturbed venous tissue, but has been reported in veins which have been surgically placed into the arterial system as bypass grafts. The formation of cholesteryl esters and some properties of the fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase system have been studied in microsomal preparations from canine arterial and venous tissue. The rate of synthesis of cholesteryl palmitate was five-fold faster in venous than in arterial preparations. There was no difference, however, in the apparent Km values. Our results indicate that venous tissue possesses active fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity which may be partly responsible for the accumulation of cholesteryl esters in veins grafted into the arterial system. PMID- 7316779 TI - Effect of cigarette smoke and dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoprotein composition. AB - The effect of acute inhalation of cigarette smoke and consumption of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoprotein composition in atherosclerosis-susceptible White Carneau pigeons was examined. Pigeons were assigned to four treatment groups: 1) Controls fed a chow diet ad libitum and retained in their cages throughout the study; 2) Sham pigeons fed a cholesterol-saturated fat diet and exposed to fresh air by the Lorillard smoking machine; 3) Low nicotine-low carbon monoxide (LoLo) animals also fed the cholesterol diet and exposed to low concentrations of these cigarette smoke products; and 4) High nicotine-high carbon monoxide (HiHi) birds fed the cholesterol diet and subjected to high concentrations of these inhalants. Plasma very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), and high density (HDL) lipoproteins were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Smoke-related differences appeared in HiHi HDL which contained relatively more free and esterified cholesterol and total lipid, but relatively and absolutely less total protein than HDL from Sham-smoked pigeons. Similarly, VLDL from birds exposed to cigarette smoke (LoLo and HiHi) contained relatively more total lipid, but less total protein than VLDL from Sham pigeons. Inhalation of tobacco smoke also produced a marked depression in the HDL2/HDL3 ratio resulting from an increased proportion of the HDL3 subfraction relative to HDL2. Pigeons (Sham, LoLo, HiHi) fed the cholesterol-saturated fat diet circulated HDL with greater free and esterified cholesterol mass than Controls. VLDL particles from these three treatment groups were relatively enriched with cholesterol and cholesteryl ester at the expense of triglyceride. Diet also altered the type of cholesteryl ester present in HDL with cholesteryl linoleate representing the predominant form in Control pigeons and cholesteryl oleate in cholesterol-fed birds. These results demonstrate that cigarette smoking can mediate alterations in lipoprotein composition independent of changes induced by dietary cholesterol and saturated fat. PMID- 7316781 TI - A platelet-derived factor chemotactic for rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - Following endothelial injury in a blood vessel, intimal proliferation of smooth muscle cells is preceeded by platelet adherence to the subendothelium and migration of cells from the media. Factors released from platelets were examined for their ability to induce directed migration of smooth muscle cells across a filter in a modified Boyden chamber. Thrombin and collagen induced the release of a nondialysable, heat stable chemotactic factor from washed rabbit platelets. Release of this factor does not depend on primary aggregation but is associated with the release reaction and is independent of products derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Directed migration of the smooth muscle cells in response to the platelet-derived chemotactic factor does not require the presence of serum. PMID- 7316780 TI - Studies on the composition of the protein part of triglyceride rich lipoproteins of human serum: isolation of polymorphic forms of beta 2-glycoprotein-I. AB - Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the apoproteins of triglyceride rich human serum lipoproteins gives rise to the separation of some 15-20 protein bands. Three of these bands have been isolated in pure form and were characterized as isoelectric species of beta 2-glycoprotein-I (beta 2G-I). To compare the amino acid composition of these polymorphic forms with a representative specimen of beta 2G I from total serum it was also necessary to apply a novel isolation procedure using Rivanol, perchloric acid and Heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. With the possible exception of the Pro content, the three isoforms were chemically and immunochemically identical. The isoelectric points of the polymorphic forms were 5.75, 6.0 and 6.2. Their molecular weight was identical by SDS polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (54 000 D). PMID- 7316783 TI - [Age-related changes in the dendrites in the cat cerebral cortex (an electron microscopic study)]. AB - Various zones of the acoustic cortex (A1, A3, A4, Ep after Voolsey) have been serially studied in two cats 12-14 years of age at electron microscopic level. Various forms of age changes have been revealed in their dendrites. The most often occurring form of the changes is the dendrites with lipofuscin granules in them. The dendrites with neuroplasm filled with numerous, sometimes aggregating electron opaque formations of various size and contour make the second form. Appearance of separate electron opaque round myelin-like bodies scattered in the dendritic neuroplasm precede the appearance of the third form. There is a various degree of disturbances in the interneuronal contacts. They depend on age alterations in the dendrites which are the most widespread postsynaptic components in the cerebral cortex. The importance to perform age selection of animals for an experimental morphological interneuronal connection investigations is stressed. PMID- 7316782 TI - Oxandrolone and plasma triglyceride reduction: effect on triglyceride-rich and high density lipoproteins. AB - Oxandrolone, an anabolic androgenic steroid, has been shown repeatedly to lower plasma triglycerides in hypertriglyceridemic patients. This study was performed to determine which of seven subfractions of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are affected by the action of oxandrolone with respect to both their plasma levels and composition. Concurrently, we have determined the levels and composition of HDL subfractions and the plasma levels of the major HDL apoprotein, apoA-I. Oxandrolone was administered to two hypertriglyceridemic subjects, one with type III and one with type V hyperlipoproteinemia until plasma triglycerides were below the target level of 270 mg/dl. Two months and two weeks were required for the type III and type V patients, respectively. In both subjects, the treatment caused a reduction in the plasma levels of all seven subclasses of triglyceride rich lipoproteins without altering their overall composition. LDL were at least temporarily increased. The reduction of VLDL subfractions caused by oxandrolone was accompanied by a progressive and consistent effect on HDL subfractions in both hypertriglyceridemic subjects; in the type III patient, oxandrolone reduced HDL2 from low pretreatment levels further until they became undetectable. The type V subject had no detectable HDL2 levels prior to treatment. In both subjects, oxandrolone lowered the levels of HDL3. This lowering effect was caused by a preferential reduction of the less dense, major HDL3 subfraction, i.e. HDL3L, causing the denser, smaller HDL3 subfraction, HDL3D, to become the predominant HDL class. The lowering of HDL levels was reflected by a decrease in the plasma levels of the major HDL apoprotein, apoA-I. This first report on the simultaneous reduction of VLDL and the larger, less dense HDL subclasses suggest that oxandrolone lowers plasma triglycerides by a mechanism other than increased lipolysis. PMID- 7316785 TI - [Neuromorphological evidence of individual differences in human vision]. AB - In the material obtained from 45 hemispheres, it has been demonstrated that the grey substance volume in field 17 of the brain hemisphere, that of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) and in the LGB itself varies 2-3 times in some individuals. The variation coefficient of the volume of the cerebral visual centers is 2-3 times more than that of the whole brain. The data obtained could be tentatively interpreted as a possible material substrate of the functional vision specificity and its potential genetic predeterminity in some individuals. PMID- 7316784 TI - [Distribution of the fiber endings running from the superior colliculi of the tectum mesencephali into the visual projection zone (field 17) of the cat cerebrum]. AB - Distribution of fibrillar terminals, taking origin from the anterior colliculi of the midbrain tectum, in the central visual field 17 has been studied electron microscopically. Degenerating axonal terminals are detected in layers IV, V, VI and I. They are most numerous in layer IV. Most of them form contacts on small dendritic branches, at the same time, in layer IV other forms of degenerated interneuronal contacts occur rather often: on spiculae, on dendrites of larger diameter, in some cases,--on their main trunks. A suggestion is made that in the visual projection zone distribution and termination of the fibers taking origin from the anterior colliculi of the midbrain tectum are similar to the projection organization in other specific visual structure--the lateral geniculate body. PMID- 7316786 TI - [Comparative study of the neuronal and synaptic organization of the tectum mesencephali in the Caspian (Clemmys caspica Gmel.) and pond (Emys orbicularis L.) tortoises]. AB - The neuronal and synaptic organization of tectum opticum was studied in two species of tortoises (Clemmys caspica Gmel, and Emys orbicularis L.) by means of Nissl, Golgi and electron microscopical methods. The Clemmys caspica tectum differs from that of the Emys orbicularis in a greater diversity of neuronal composition; a greater variety and quantity of cells with short axons, the presence of neurons with relatively short dendrites, in a greater relative thickness of the upper and deep systems of horizontal neurons, in a small number of axo-axonal synapses in sublayer Ia, a more diverse composition of synaptic zones in sublayers IIa and IIb, the presence of axons in layers Ib and IIb with certain species specific features of degeneration, the pattern of localization of tectal ganglionic cell projections. The above mentioned specific features appear to be connected with the species differences of these tortoises. PMID- 7316787 TI - [Development and functional morphology of the ependymal blood vessels of the lumbosacral spinal cord in human postnatal ontogeny]. AB - In 200 persons (at the age of newborn up to 96 years) development of extra- and intraependimal blood vessels beginning from the I lumber up to the V sacral segment has been studied by Kampos' method in the author's modification. At the level of the V lumbar segment ultrastructural morphology of the ependimal capillaries has been investigated. By 30-35 years of age, owing to fusion of the intramedullary blood vessels, powerful circular anastomoses are forming around the ependima; they give origin to the intraependimal arterioles. The latter, subdividing into branches, form compact ependimal capillary networks. In elderly and old persons the density of the network of both types of vessels decreases as a result of the involution process. Ependimal gliocytes tightly adjust the capillaries which possess wide pericapillary spaces. In the capillary endothelium endocytosis is definitely seen, there are pores and fenestrae; it is connected with metabolic intensity of the gliocytes and their possible participation in the secretory process. PMID- 7316789 TI - [Myocardial ultrastructure in experimental stenosis of the thoracic aorta in dogs]. AB - Myocardium of the left ventricle of the heart has been studied in 15 dogs with an experimental aortic stenosis and in 5 control dogs. It has been demonstrated that 15-30 min after stenosis of the thoracic aorta, certain destructuve changes occur, first of all in myocitic mitochondria; later, myofibrillar and capillary endothelial cells lesions are revealed. The destructive changes are mostly pronounced 1-2 days after the aortic stenosis. Mosaic picture depending on heterogeneity of cardiomyocitic ultrastructure is observed. At the same time, certain compensatory changes take place: increase in number of ribosomes, polysomes, outgrowth of the granular sarcoplasmic reticulum, division and increase in size of mitochondria. Myofibrillar hypertrophy, noted 1 week after the operation, stabilizes by the 2nd month. Later (more than in a year), structural rearrangement of myofibrillae and increased mitochondrial destruction are noted. PMID- 7316788 TI - [Dynamics of the state of the granulation tissue after trauma inflicted at different times of day]. AB - Dynamics on number of fibroblasts and amount of collagenous fibres in the granular tissue of the mouse ear skin was studied after trauma inflicted at 7 a. m., 15 or 23 p. m. The material was taken for 20 days by means of the method for dynamic observation. The cells and fibres were counted by means of the ocular grid (200 knots per 0.33 mm2). The course of the process was approximated according to the method of the least squares, the linear regression equations and according to the method of sliding averages. All stages of the inflammatory reaction after the night operation began with 20-24 hours' retardation if compared with the course of the process after the a. m. and afternoon operations. The fibroblast proliferation in the granular tissue was more active at once, their number increased more quickly. The collagenous fibre amount increased more quickly, too, but steadily during the course of the experiment. The peculiar features of the postoperative reactions to the operations performed at various times of the 24 hours' span were connected with the circadian phase of the organism's state at the time of the operation. PMID- 7316790 TI - [Age-related surgical anatomical characteristics of the large intestine in newborn infants]. AB - Results of anatomical-surgical and roentgeno-topographical investigation of the large intestines in 291 newborns died from diseases not connected with lesions of the intestine are described. At this age the specific features of the intestine are: poor development of the haustra, taenia, appendices epyploices. The left part of the large intestine is greater than the right one, the descending colon- than the ascending one, the sigmoid colon--than the transverse colon. The caecum is situated high, the ascending and descending occupy an oblique position, they have blund low right and acute high left bends. The sigmoid colon is characterized by a high beginning at right side position. The intestine had definite individual peculiarities in its form, size and position. Its length is within the limits of 351-765 (549 +/- 8) mm. The peculiarities mentioned make the background contributing to the development of certain pathological processes in the organ and therefore, they require a special attention. Statistically significant parameters of its form, size and position can serve as initial data for performing clinical-anatomical comparative investigations with irrigograms of the children suffering from certain congenital intestinal disorders. They should be taken into account when some surgical intervention is planned. PMID- 7316791 TI - [Rare anomaly of the tarsal bones]. PMID- 7316792 TI - [Regarding the article XX by E. P. Mel'man and V. B. Shutka, "Differentiation of components of the filtration barrier of the human kidney during prenatal development" (Arkh. Anat., 1981, No. 1)]. PMID- 7316793 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the human cerebral cortex in the perifocal zone of a contusion]. AB - Ultrastructure of the brain temporal lobe has been studied in patients with a severe closed craniocerebral trauma far from the crushing focus. An increased osmiophilia has been revealed in some neurons. In neuronal cytoplasm mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum swell, lysosomal structures increase in number. Myelin membranes, in some places, form protrusions owing to delamination of their plates. Some synapses are at the initial stage of the light type degeneration. Astrocytes, first of all their processes, undergo certain edematous changes. Electron density of oligodendrocytic nucleus and that of cytoplasm increase. PMID- 7316794 TI - [Effect of ischemia and recirculation on spinal ganglia cells in dogs]. AB - A single (40 min) ischemia produces indistinct reversible changes in ultrastructure of cells in the spinal nodes. A repeated ischemia (2 X 40 min) with recirculation produces microstructural lesions both in neural cells and in satellite-cells and capillaries, intensity of the lesions depending on the distance from the ligation (the greatest lesion is situated immediately under the ligation). Most of the neurons are crumped, dark and abundantly vacuolized. In the inferior lumbar and sacral nodes the changes are of moderate character. In all the cases glycogen is accumulating in neurons and satellites with an intact structure. Changes in vessels are more essential after ischemia and recirculation: processes of endothelial cells protrude into the lumen, this, in its turn, results in accumulation of erythrocytes packing tightly the capillaries. PMID- 7316795 TI - [Age and morphofunctional characteristics of celiac ganglia chromaffin tissue in normal and hypokinetic animals]. AB - Accumulation of chromaffin cells (ChC) in the celiac nodes have been studied in young (6-month-old) and old (28-30-month-old) rats; 50 intact and 32 rats kept at hypokinesia for 6 weeks have been used. In the young intact rats accumulation of the ChC have been found in 51% and in the old ones-in 82% of cases. In the young rats 85% of the accumulations are localized inside the nodes, 4%-in their trunks and 12%-near the nodes, and in the old rats-69%, 8% and 23%, respectively. In the young and in the old rats the ChC section area is 133+/-4, 147+/-13 mkm2, nuclei 33.7+/-0.7 and 36.9+/=1.3 mkm2 and nuclear-plasmic relations-0.34 and 0.33, respectively. In the young rats the ChC with a high perikaryon density make 40%, with middle-32%, with low-28%, in the old rats-40%, 36% and 24%, respectively. The greater the ChC, the smaller the nuclear-plasmic ratio and perikaryon density. Low indices on the density and nuclear-plasmic ratio correspond to the excretion phase, and the high indices-to prevalence of synthesis and accumulation. These correlations reflect the morpho-functional profile of the chromaffin component in the nodes. Thus, with aging the chromaffin tissue of the celiac nodes is represented by a greater number of accumulations, while the morpho-functional indices of the ChC accumulations remain unchanged. Under hypokinesia, in the young and old rats mass of the chromaffin tissue decreases. The body and the nuclear area of the ChC decreases and by the end of the experiment it makes: in the young rats 104+/-5 and 30.6+/-1.1 mkm2, and in the old rats-100+/-3 and 29.7+/-2 mkm2. Rearrangement of the morpho-functional profile, manifested in increasing content of the ChC with high density and in decreasing congulatory role in the celiac nodes decrease. By the end of the experiment, in young rats normal function is approaching, in the old rats-the rearrangement is of stable character. PMID- 7316796 TI - [Anatomo-topographic features of parasternal lymph nodes in adult humans]. AB - The parasternal lymph nodes have been revealed in corpses of person died at the age 22-85 years by the method of preparation after Gerota's blue had been interstitially injected into the tissue of the mammary gland, the diaphragm, the diaphragmal surface of the liver, the pleura and the pericardium. The mass has also been injected into the lymph nodes and vessels revealed by means of the interstitial injection. Most of the parasternal lymph nodes are situated in interposal places, their number varying from 2 to 20 in the parasternal lymphatic chain. At the level of the costal cartilage they are found much more seldom. Maximal number of the parasternal lymph nodes situating behind one costal cartilage is 4. Behind the IV and the V costal cartilage, left to the sternum no lymph nodes have been revealed. The most removed from the sternal edge, the lymph nods in the V and the VI intercostal spaces, both to the left and to the right have been found. As to the position of blood vessels, the lymph nodes occur mostly medially and laterally but not anterior or posterior to them or between them. The size of the lymph nodes varies from 1 to 25 mm. PMID- 7316798 TI - [Spatial organization of collagen fibers in the human Achilles tendon]. PMID- 7316797 TI - [Source of reparative regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue]. AB - In order to study the problem on the source of reparative regeneration in skeletal muscle tissue, the experiments were carried out on 30 white rats. With a safety razor a transversal cut of the anterior tibial muscle was performed. The material was studied for 1-10 days by the methods of light and electron microscopy, simultaneously. As the investigation demonstrated, the source of regeneration is the satellite cells I converting into the satellite cells II and, further, into myoblasts able to mitotic division and fusion with each other forming myosymplasts. PMID- 7316799 TI - [Effect of continuous movement restriction on pulmonary morphology in dogs]. AB - By means of different histological and morphometric methods changes in vascular and tissue component structures have been studied in the lungs of 49 dogs constantly kept at restricted movement (in a specially constructed device) for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. Nearly in every period of the experiment edema is noted in the bronchial wall, in the perivasal and peribronchial connective tissue and in the interalveolar septa. In some parts of the lung the alveoles are emphisematously dilated, and some part of the interalveolar septa is thinned. With increasing time of hypokinesia the connective tissue gets coarse and the collagenous fibre fasciculi grow thicker along the course of the vascular bed, especially of the alveolar one. Thus, all the components are subjected to certain morphological alterations at hypokinesia, this, in its turn, affects the function of gas exchange. PMID- 7316801 TI - [Neurono-glial changes in the cerebral cortex of animals exposed to white noise]. AB - The rat acoustic cortex has been studied at light optic and ultrastructural levels under the white noise stimulation. After the noise stimulation for 7 days, micropunctate hemorrhages, proliferation and hypertrophy in cells of microglia and astrocytic glia are noted. After the noise stimulation for 21 days, the neuroglial reaction becomes less pronounced, there are no hemorrhages, a great amount of neurons with peripheral and total chromatolysis appear. In other neurons, as well as in all types of neuroglia the number of primary lysosomes increases, their structure changes. In lysosomes lipofuscin and lipid drops are accumulating, many of lysosomes turning into multivesicular bodies. The destructive changes observed in the neurons and neuroglia underlie prolonged disturbances in the higher neural activity after the noise stimulation is stopped. PMID- 7316800 TI - [Comparative electron microscopic study of interalveolar septa in Arctic foxes and dogs]. AB - Structure of the interalveolar septa in the lungs of typical representatives of the Arctic Zone--Arctic foxes--has been studied electron microscopically in comparison with those of dogs from the middle zone of West Siberia. Structure and parameters of the dog pulmonary septa correspond to modern notion on ultrastructure of the respiratory system in animals of middle latitudes. In the Arctic fox a certain combination of morpho-functional peculiarities is observed contributing to an increased diffuse power of the lungs. The capillary ultrastructure of the animal is considerably changed. capillaries with double aerohematic barrier make a greater part of the capillary network (57%), area of the barrier is nearly twice as large (in dogs--37%, in Arctic foxes--65%). A great amount of Cohn's pores in the Arctic boxes (twice as great as in the dogs) is a peculiar feature for the Arctic fox pulmonary septum. The morpho-functional peculiarities stated contribute to an increased diffuse rate and to better saturation of blood with oxygen. PMID- 7316803 TI - [Adrenergic innervation of the pial arteries of the human brain]. AB - By means of glyoxylic acid adrenergic neural fibres have been studied in fetuses at the second part of pregnancy, in a 2-month-old boy, in a 18-year-old boy, in three men 30-, 34- and 40-year-old. According to the data of fluorescent microscopy, the fibres studied contain noradrenaline. In walls of the arteries 400 mkm and more in diameter there are double-layered adrenergic plexuses. In arteries of smaller diameter the adrenergic plexuses predominantly consist of longitudinal fibres. The adrenergic apparatus is situated within the external membrane; its development is more perfect in mature persons than in fetuses and in children before one year of age. PMID- 7316802 TI - [Changes in the structure of lamina IX of the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord in dogs following limb amputation]. AB - Neural cells, glia and capillary network in IX plate of L6 of the spinal cord were studied in 15 mature dogs (control) and in 15 dogs survived for 6 months after amputation of the right femur at the level of middle third. After injecting the vascular network with Indian ink--gelatin and after staining the neurons according to Nissl's technique, total amount of neuronal cells, alpha-motoneurons and glia were defined; section area of the body and nucleus of a-motoneurons, length of the capillary network around every alpha-motoneuron and capillary diameters were measured. Unlike the control and the contralateral side, in the ipsilateral IX plate the number of neurons decreased by 46%, the number of glial cells--by 22%, the length of the capillary network--by 38%; capillaries grew narrow. Amount of alpha-motoneurons did not differ from that of the control. Section area in the body of alpha-motoneuron decreased by 20%, in their nuclei- by 45%, and the length of the proper capillary network--by 42% as comparing to the control. compensatory hypertrophy in the contralateral IX plate was manifested in appearance of giant a-motoneurons, in increasing by 18% the length of the vascular network feeding them, in dilatation of capillaries and in increasing by 22% the number of glial cells. PMID- 7316804 TI - [M. A. Baron's concept of subarachnoid communications of the pia mater of the cerebral hemispheres]. AB - In the pia mater of the human cerebral hemisphere certain specific structures named subarachnoid alveoli have been revealed. The best method for their revealing is the method of volumetric microscopy--tracheoscopy--but they can be detected in histological sections, as well. The subarachnoid alveoli are situated in the subarachnoid space between liquor canals. By their form they resemble honeycombs. Their walls have a carcass consisting of argyrophile and collagenous fibres to give the alveoli a definite form. The carcass is lined with arachnoid endothelial cells. The alveoli are connected with the liquor canals by means of holes in the walls of the canals. The subarachnoid alveoli are connected with each other by means of holes in their walls. The arachnoid-endothelial cells of the subarachnoid alveoli are capable to accumulate colloid substances from the spinal liquor. The walls of the subarachnoid alveoli discharge macrophages into the lumen of the latter. Protective function of the subarachnoid alveoli system contributes to normalization of the spinal liquor composition both under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 7316805 TI - [Changes in vessels of the microcirculatory bed following parenteral administration of xenogeneic cerebrospinal fluid obtained in vivo to normal animals and animals with experimental hypercholesterolemia]. AB - Effect of parenteral administration of xenogenic liquor, vitally obtained, on the state of the microcirculatory bed, as well as its biostimulating action for cellular metabolism activation have been studied. The number of actively functioning capillaries increases, microvessels dilate, vascular permeability intensifies not only under normal conditions, but under experimental hypercholesteremia, as well. How the changes observed in the microcirculatory bed depend on various doses and total amount of the preparation administered, as well as means of its conservation have been analysed and stated. The dynamics of indices on lipid metabolism have been studied. PMID- 7316806 TI - [Angioarchitectonics of the costovertebral joints of embryos, fetuses, and newborn infants]. AB - Blood supply of the costo-vertebral joints has been studied in human embryos (18), fetuses of various age (83) and newborns (4). Methods of preparation, circulatory bed injection with various contrasting masses--for roentgenography and Indian ink with gelatin suspension--for microscopic investigations have been applied. Histological sections (both sagittal and horizontal) have been stained after van Gieson. At the end of the 8th week of development the main sources of blood supply for the human costo-vertebral joints are branches of the segmental arteries, and at the end of the 12th week--those of the subclavian artery (the highest intercostal artery and the deep cervical artery) and those of the thoracic aorta (10 pairs of the posterior intercostal arteries). In the fetuses, variations in the course of the intercostal arteries have been revealed. The arteries situating within the costo-vertebral joints form extra organic branches which participate in blood supply of ligaments, articular capsules and cartilagenous epiphyses. Peculiar features in the angioarchitectonics of structural components of the costo-vertebral joints have been demonstrated. Interrelations of the blood vessels with some tissues of the costal head joint and the costo-transversal joints have been stated. The course and direction of capillaries in the cartilagenous tissue of the head, cervix and costal tubercle, and also in the transversal processes of the thoracic vertebrae have been described. No blood vessels have been revealed in the cartilage of the costo vertebral joints. PMID- 7316807 TI - [Timing of the rudiments and manner of lymph node formation in the mesenteries of different segments of the human large intestine]. AB - The first anlages of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the human transverse and sygmoid colons have been stated by means of common histological methods to appear on the 14th week of the intrauterine development. The lymph node anlages in the colon mesentery are appearing during the whole period of embryogenesis. The lymph nodes are formed as a result of condensation of mesenchymal cells near the external surface of the dilated lymph vessel wall or between two or several vessels. PMID- 7316808 TI - [Macroscopic structure of the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes of papio hamadryas baboons]. AB - The investigation has been performed in 58 corpses of practically healthy Papio hamadryas beginning from birth up to 20 years of age. Age changeability is manifested as an increasing size and number of the nodes in the group, as the connective tissue framework development (thickening of the capsule and increasing number of trabecules) as well as increasing complexity in the structure of the cortical and medullary substance, by the time of puberty they reach their optimal correlation. Seasonal changes are manifested as fluctuations of absolute size of the nodes and relative areas of their structural components. Sexual changeability, connected with a pronounced dimorphism in the animals studied, is manifested in number and size of the nodes of the given regional group and in a developmental degree of their structural components. PMID- 7316809 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: the internists dilemma. PMID- 7316810 TI - Ingrowing toenails fact or fancy (unguis incarnatus; onychocryptosis). PMID- 7316811 TI - Pituitary gland CT. PMID- 7316812 TI - Use of transhepatic biliary stents in the treatment of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 7316813 TI - An overview of genetic counseling. PMID- 7316814 TI - Approaches to the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7316815 TI - A community-based pediatrics rotation for medical students. PMID- 7316816 TI - The impaired resident. PMID- 7316817 TI - The University of Arizona College of Medicine: an update. PMID- 7316818 TI - Clinical utility of serum digoxin levels. PMID- 7316819 TI - A case of unilateral neurogenic pulmonary edema. PMID- 7316820 TI - Skeletal fluorosis from eating soil. AB - A woman with chronic pyelonephritis developed progressive muscular weakness and bone pain. For twenty years she had habitually ingested fluoride-rich soil. Osteosclerosis was found on x-ray examination, and fluorosis was confirmed by bone biopsy. Renal failure augmented skeletal retention of excessive fluoride intake which, in turn, appears to have intensified symptomatic renal osteodystrophy. Skeletal fluorosis from this unexpected source has not been previously described. PMID- 7316821 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of lumbosacral disc herniation. PMID- 7316822 TI - Microvasovasostomy. PMID- 7316823 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the cells of human medullary thyroid cancer]. AB - Eight medullary carcinomas of the human thyroid gland were examined electron microscopically for identification of cell types forming these tumors. The diagnosis was based on classical histological criteria including a positive reaction for amyloid and impregnation according to the method of De Grandi specific for C-cells. The human medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland was found to contain dark, light, and intermediate tumor cells. The ultrastructural features of these types of cells suggest that they may be regarded as being at different stages of the intensity of synthesis processes more in the light cells. Amyloid production in this type of cancer is associated with tumor cells. PMID- 7316825 TI - [Coronary artery thrombosis in myocardial infarct]. AB - Coronary arteries of the heart of 94 patients who had died of large-focus myocardial infarction (at least one necrosis focus size of 3 cm or more) were examined. The arteries were analysed in cross sections after their removal from the heart. No subendocardial myocardial infarctions were included in the analysis. The duration of infraction varied from 2 hours to 56 days. Obturating thrombi of coronary arteries were found macroscopically in 90 (95.5%) out of 94 observations of myocardial infarction. Thrombosed parts of the arteries were examined histologically throughout their length. In 78 (86.6%) out of 90 observations of myocardial infarction, thrombosed parts of coronary arteries showed breaks in degeneratively-necrotically changed fibrous cover of the plaques. Different parts of thrombi in coronary arteries frequently have different structure and various degrees of organization. There was a correlation between the age of individual parts of coronary thrombi and myocardial infarction. The presence in thrombi of older parts than myocardial infarction indicate that the latter developed upon progression (increasing in size) of the thrombus. The coronary arteries thrombosis is the main pathogenetic factor of the development of large-focus myocardial infarction, and the above-mentioned changes in the vessel wall play an important role in its development. PMID- 7316824 TI - [Peripheral nerve ectomesenchymoma (neuroectomesenchymoma): a malignant tumor made up of neural crest elements]. AB - Characteristics of a little-studied tumor of soft tissues are described on the basis of the author's own material (4 observations) and data from the literature. The matter at issue is a benign or malignant schwannoma (less frequently, ganglioneuroblastoma) in which there are areas of rhabdomyosarcoma and sometimes tumor elements of mesenchymal origin (angio- lipo-, or osteogenic sarcoma). As a rule, this tumor is located along the peripheral nerve or arises in one of the nodes in Recklinghausen's disease and has a trend to hematogenic metastasising. It is suggested that the source of growth of neoplasias of this kind are the cells of "neural crest" migrating in the process of embryogenesis. These cells are responsible for the formation of lemmocytes, ganglial elements and melanocytes, as well as ectomesenchyma from which, in its turn, a part of cross striated musculature is formed. Therefore, the tumors described in the paper should be designated as "neuroectomesenchymoma" (according to some authors, ectomesenchymoma). PMID- 7316826 TI - [Primary fibrosarcoma of the lung]. AB - A case of primary pulmonary fibrosarcoma in a women of 50 is described as a rare disease which is difficult to diagnose intravitally due to the absence of pathognomonic clinical and roentgenological data. The danger of prolonged time course observation of the patient with a rounded shadow in the lung is emphasized. The importance of electron microscopic study to specify the morphological diagnosis is demonstrated. PMID- 7316827 TI - [Discussion on K. G. Umanskii's article, "The Ubiquity of Viruses and the Presumption of Innocence (Facts and Concept)", published in Arkhiv patologii No. 10, 1980 (pp. 76-81)]. PMID- 7316828 TI - [Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis replicated in several generations of immunized animals]. AB - Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis was reproduced in 10 generations of animals by parenteral inoculation on two occasions of 0.3 ml of a mixture (1 :1) of AF stimulator and 20% renal cortical layer homogenate. The animals were immunized with minimal doses which routinely did not cause renal pathology, however, in sequential regular immunization from generation to generation the renal pathology increased. The forth-fifth generation exhibited clinical signs typical of glomerulonephritis. Morphological examinations of the kidneys revealed mesangial-proliferative and membranous-proliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7316829 TI - [Ultrastructural bases of neuron "epileptization" and brain "convulsive readiness"]. AB - Ultrastructure of the neurons of an epileptic focus in patients with cerebral tumors accompanied by epilepsy (group 1--40 observations) and the cortex adjacent to the tumor without epilepsy (group 2--20 observations) was studied. The results of electron microscopic examinations of these cases were compared. Ultrastructural changes of the neurons in both groups were found to be nearly identical, with the exception of changes in axodendritic synapses: in group 1 their mass activation was moderate, in group 2 poorly manifested. It is concluded that mass activation of axodendritic synapses should be considered to be the morphological substrate of neuronal "epileptization". The steady activation of axodendritic synapses in the interattack period is, in all probability, the structural basis of the so-called convulsive readiness of the brain to reiterated attacks. PMID- 7316830 TI - [Pathomorphological reactions of the cerebral cortex nerve elements during treatment with an alternating magnetic field]. AB - The results of investigations of certain aspects of the effect of magnetic fields on the nervous tissue are presented. The time course of pathomorphological reactions of the nerve cells and neuropile of the parietal cerebral cortex of rats receiving a single 61/2-hour treatment with alternating magnetic field (induction 20 mT, frequency 50 Hz) was studied. Changes in the microcirculatory bed of the cortex were observed manifested mainly by hydropic disorders in the cellular and fibrous components of the vessel wall. The effect of magnetic fields may be probably characterized by various hydropic changes in the cells, glial elements, and dendritic apparatus realized through disorders in the water-salt balance in cells. PMID- 7316831 TI - [Ultrastructure of the intraorganic nerve ganglia of the heart in experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - Significant changes of the ultrastructure of all nervous elements develop in nervous ganglia of rabbit hearts in experimental myocardial infarction (EMI) caused by ligation of the anterior descending artery. Changes in the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles of cardiac neurons within the first few hours postoperation appear to indicate an active state of nerve cells. Subsequently, probably due to overirritation and partial ischemia, degenerative changes begin to appear which may lead to the loss of some neurocytes. Rearrangement of synaptic contacts observed, as a rule, after 3 days of EMI may indicate an interruption of connections between preganglionar fibers and neurocytes. Considerable changes in cholinergic nervous elements of cardiac ganglia are a part of the morphological substrate of disturbed nervous influences on the myocardium in infarction PMID- 7316833 TI - [Neuroma of the tactile endings of the vaginal wall]. AB - An observation of neuroma of the tactile endings with a rare localization in the vaginal wall in a patient of 52 is described. Morphologically, this neoplasm was diagnosed as a developmental defect of tactile genital bodies in the vaginal wall in whose presence true neurilemmoma developed. PMID- 7316832 TI - [Fragmentation of the myocardium: facts and hypotheses]. AB - Histological examination of the myocardium in section and operation material and in experimental animals allowed two different types of its fragmentation to be distinguished. Type I is characterized by cellular dissociation of the muscle fibers, develops during life and may be accompanied by stromal reaction ending in sclerosis. Type II is of artificial nature and depends both on the direction of microtoming of the muscle fibers and on their increased fragility the nature of which is obscure as yet. Combination of both types of fragmentation in the same muscle fibers makes difficult their distinct differentiation. PMID- 7316834 TI - [Emaciation syndrome (wasting syndrome) in a myasthenia patient]. AB - Immunomorphological manifestations of the wasting syndrome in a patient with myasthenia: thymus atrophy, reduction of the spleen lymphoid tissue, sclerosis of the lymph nodes, hyperplasia of the bone marrow, a decrease in the absolute number of T- and B-lymphocytes of the peripheral blood, intestinal necrosis, and cachexia, are first described. The condition developed along with exacerbation of the main pathological process and immunosuppressive therapy (roentgen irradiation of the thymus, cyclophosphan, hydrocortisone). PMID- 7316835 TI - [Morphological changes in the lymph nodes in benign lymphoreticulosis (cat scratch disease)]. AB - Histological picture of the lymph nodes from 10 patients with benign lymphoreticulosis is described. Granulomas are characterized in the long course of the disease, from 8 days to 3 months. Most marked morphological changes in the lymph nodes were observed during the 3rd and 4th weeks of the disease. The process ends with sclerosis of the lymph nodes. PMID- 7316836 TI - [Differential diagnostic possibilities based on algorithms from histological study in cervical and vaginal diseases]. AB - An algorithm of histological description of pathological processes in the cervix uteri and vagina is proposed to improve the quality of differential histological diagnosis of diseases of these organs. The algorithm ensures a better analysis of the data obtained by organizing the thinking of a pathologist, contributes to fuller and more fruitful use of recommendations of both descriptive and morphometric nature, and may be used for research and training and self-training of morphologists. PMID- 7316838 TI - Disturbances in prosody. A right-hemisphere contribution to language. AB - In addition to grammar and semantics, prosody constitutes a third element of speech. Modulations of prosody can produce alterations in the meaning and affective tone of spoken language. Previous studies have suggested that right hemisphere lesions may selectively disrupt a patient's ability to interpret and express the affective component of prosody. On the other hand, this study shows that the effect of right-hemisphere damage on prosody is more widespread. Thus, when discrimination, repetition, and spontaneous production of nonemotional prosody were tested in nine patients with right-sided brain injuries and ten control subjects without brain damage, the patients were found to be significantly worse than the control subjects in their ability to distinguish and express prosodic features that provide phonemic or emphatic information. These results suggest that right-hemisphere damage may affect prosody in a more general manner than was previously assumed. PMID- 7316837 TI - Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials. Studies in Charcot-Marie-Tooth hereditary neuropathy. AB - Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP) were studied in 25 patients from 17 separate families with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) syndrome. Twenty patients had classic CMT with depressed tendon reflexes, slow motor nerve conduction velocities, and autosomal dominant inheritance. Four patients demonstrated typical findings of CMT, but there was no documented family history. One patient had the axonal form of hereditary motor sensory neuropathy. Abnormally delayed latencies of the PRVEP were found in four patients (16% of the total), including the only patient with clinical optic atrophy. There was no consistent correlation, of PRVEP with severity of disease. These results confirm earlier clinical reports of occasional optic nerve involvement in CMT and represent additional evidence that central pathways may be involved in this primarily peripheral nervous system disorder. PMID- 7316839 TI - How the brain integrates affective and propositional language into a unified behavioral function. Hypothesis based on clinicoanatomic evidence. AB - Recent publications suggest that the right hemisphere dominates in modulating the affective components of language. Disorders of language form right-sided focal brain lesions have been called "aprosodias" and can be classified in a manner similar to the aphasias. We describe a patient with motor aprosodia who subsequently died and underwent neuropathologic examination. From the neuropathologic findings and recent observations concerning the neurology of depression, we hypothesize that the motor integration of propositional and affective language takes place in the brainstem, whereas their higher-order integration takes place via the callosal connections between Wernicke's area on the left and its homologue on the right. Direct application of these functional and anatomic relations can help clinicians to properly interpret the often incongruous and disparate behavioral and language responses encountered in brain damaged patients. PMID- 7316840 TI - Community-acquired purulent meningitis of unknown etiology. A continuing problem. AB - The clinical features and hospital course of 132 patients with purulent meningitis of unknown etiology (PMU) were compared with those of 1,032 patients with proven bacterial meningitis; all patients were admitted to a major referral center for meningitis treatment between 1954 and 1976. Most patients had no major underlying illnesses. Patients with PMU were more frequently older, "pretreated" with antibiotics, had longer duration of symptoms, evidenced less marked alterations of mental status, and died later in the hospitalization; however, the mortality and frequency of neurologic complications were similar to those in patients with bacterial meningitis. Patients with PMU who also had hemorrhagic rashes had fewer neurologic complications and none died; these patients comprised a distinct group in terms of better prognosis. New methods for rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis have only partially resolved the diagnostic dilemma of PMU. PMID- 7316841 TI - Transient eyelid opening associated with postanoxic EEG suppression-burst pattern. PMID- 7316842 TI - Adult-onset nemaline rods in a patient treated for suspected dermatomyositis. Study with two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 7316844 TI - Subacute necrotic myelopathy. Its appearance eight years after cure of a breast carcinoma. PMID- 7316845 TI - Polymyositis with infiltration by lymphoid follicles. PMID- 7316843 TI - Progressive infantile poliodystrophy. Association with disturbed pyruvate oxidation in muscle and liver. AB - Progressive infantile poliodystrophy (Alpers' disease) is associated with abnormalities in pyruvate metabolism or in cell mitochondria. A 3-year-old-boy had a severe and rapidly progressive neurologic disorder characterized by psycho motor retardation, tetraparesis, ataxia, and myoclonic jerks, the illness being exacerbated during periods of infection. Lactate concentration in CSF was elevated. Histopathologic studies revealed lipid storage in liver and muscle. Autopsy showed a progressive infantile poliodystrophy. Mitochondrial abnormalities were found in heart muscle. Biochemical studies of muscle and liver tissue suggested a disturbance in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) oxidation. PMID- 7316849 TI - Progressive supranuclear palsy despite normal eye movements. PMID- 7316847 TI - Midbrain encephalitis as a remote effect of a malignant neoplasm. PMID- 7316846 TI - Opsoclonic cerebellopathy: A paraneoplastic syndrome responsive to thiamine. PMID- 7316848 TI - Ciguatera poisoning. Presentation as a neurologic disorder. PMID- 7316851 TI - Spontaneous remission of infantile spasms with hypsarhythmia. PMID- 7316850 TI - Sublingual angiomas and the blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome. PMID- 7316852 TI - The extracapsular spread of tumors in cervical node metastasis. AB - Extracapsular spread (ECS) of lymph node metastases is believed to be an indicator of poor prognosis. In general, it has been thought that ECS was limited to large "fixed" nodes. To test the validity of the assumption that nodes less than 3 cm in diameter do not have ECS, the specimens from 177 radical neck dissections were reviewed retrospectively with regard to ECS. Sixty-five percent of the nodes that were 2.9 cm or less in diameter were found to demonstrate ECS. We found no substantial difference in the number of patients who had no histologic disease in their necks when compared with a second group of patients who had metastasis confined to the lymph node. The patients whose lesions had ECS had statistically significantly reduced numbers of survivors. Other factors, eg, tumor differentiation and the number of malignant nodes, had no prognostic importance. The impact of ECS on staging, the reporting of retrospective reviews, and therapy are discussed. PMID- 7316853 TI - Carcinoma of the tonsil. Analysis of 162 cases. AB - The treatment of 162 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil seen at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, from 1955 through 1974 was reviewed. One hundred four patients form the basis of this report. The patients were grouped by the stage of disease, and then three- and five-year determinate survival, recurrences, distant metastases, and complications were examined. The treatment used was surgery, radiation, or a combination of preoperative radiation and surgery. The overall five-year determinate survival for stage I was 93.3%; stage II, 57%; stage III, 27%; and stage IV, 17%. The five year determinate survivals of patients treated with surgery alone, radiation, and combination therapy were 88%, 27%, and 32%, respectively. The latter two treatment modalities were biased by a greater proportion of patients with stage III and IV disease, whereas surgery alone included a high proportion of patients with stage I and II disease. Based on this review and those reported in the literature, we recommend radical radiation therapy for stage I and II disease and combination radiation therapy and composite resection for stages III and IV. PMID- 7316854 TI - Stomal recurrence. A critical analysis of risk factors. AB - Stomal recurrence developed in 5% of the 507 patients who underwent total laryngectomy for a squamous cell carcinoma. The most common site of the primary tumor was the glottis, followed by the supraglottic and pyriform sinus regions. Initial subglottic extension of the tumor and metastatic lymphadenopathy were the most significant risk factors. The primary tumor size, prior emergency tracheostomy, and conservation surgical procedures had no effect on the incidence of stomal recurrence. The median survival in patients with stomal malignant neoplasms was only five months. In high-risk patients, extended dissection or elective postoperative radiotherapy is recommended. PMID- 7316855 TI - Contralateral laryngoplasty after supraglottic laryngectomy with vertical extension. AB - Eight patients with supraglottic carcinoma extending onto an arytenoid or true vocal cord have undergone supraglottic laryngectomy with vertical extension including the resection of an arytenoid. In these patients, the contralateral superior thyroid cornua was used to reconstruct the resulting defect. In this technique, the thyroid cornua is mobilized and green-stick fractured across the posterior commissure, maintaining its blood supply by leaving the inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor attached. This muscle-cartilage pedicle flap provides bulk for the posterior glottis and can be anchored anteriorly to form the framework for a new vocal cord. Hypopharyngeal and pyriform sinus mucosa is then mobilized to cover the newly reconstructed hemilarynx. This reconstruction has provided a competent glottis with a good vocal baffle in every patient in this series. Preservation of airway, voice, and laryngeal sphincter is comparable with that achieved after routine supraglottic laryngectomy without resection of an arytenoid. Using this technique, the surgeon can rely on a pedicle graft with surprising accessibility, bulk, and reach. PMID- 7316856 TI - A 'watchful waiting' policy for in situ carcinoma of the vocal cords. AB - Forty-five patients with vocal cord (VC) carcinoma in situ diagnosed by biopsy or VC stripping have been retrospectively analyzed. Eighteen patients received irradiation therapy immediately on diagnosis. The initial local control (LC) rate was 72% (13/18); the salvage-augmented LC rate was 94% (17/18). Twenty-seven patients with in situ carcinoma were treated expectantly ("watchful waiting"), receiving definitive radiotherapy or definitive surgery only if invasion was subsequently verified histologically. One third of the patients' carcinomas have not become invasive (mean follow-up, 50 months). Of the two thirds that became invasive, one third were more advanced than T1N0 when treated--often because patients missed scheduled follow-up appointments. Nevertheless, the initial LC rate was 65% (11/17); the salvage-augmented LC rate was 88% (15/17). Total laryngectomy was required twice as often in the watchful waiting group as in the immediately treated group. PMID- 7316858 TI - Rhomboid flap dynamics. AB - The rhomboid flap is a reliable, versatile, and widely used tool in head and neck surgery. Although its geometry is well described, the mechanics of the flap have not been scientifically investigated. For example, there is disagreement whether the maximum tension is located at the closure of the donor site or at the tip of the flap. An experimental model using piglets and stabilized force gauges has been developed to measure the distribution of tension in a standard Limberg flap (60 degrees rhomboid). Variables evaluated include the size of the rhomboid, the amount of undermining, and the position of the flap on the animal. Consistent measurements show tension at the closure of the donor site to represent the majority of tension around the flap (58% average); the size of the rhomboid and degree of undermining do not change relative tensions. A composite figure discloses the relationship of the initially outlined flap to the final result and quantifies the observable changes in the length of sides. PMID- 7316857 TI - Erythrocyte polyamine determinations in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - Erythrocyte polyamine levels were measured in the blood from 29 untreated patients whose conditions were diagnosed as head and neck cancer. Only nine (31%) of these patients had elevations of erythrocyte spermidine and/or spermine levels above the reference ranges determined for normal persons. However, a positive correlation was observed between the erythrocyte spermidine levels and the clinical tumor stage. Serial erythrocyte polyamine determinations were performed on the blood from 12 of these patients before and after either surgical or radiation therapy. In 11 of the cases, the erythrocyte spermidine levels decreased after tumor therapy regardless of whether there was prior elevation above the reference range. The erythrocyte spermine levels in these patients were more variable in their response to tumor treatment. Therefore, although erythrocyte polyamine levels were only slightly to moderately elevated in response to the small tumors characteristic of the head and neck, the measurement of erythrocyte spermidine, potentially, may offer a simple and effective means of monitoring the course of therapy used in patients with head and neck cancer. PMID- 7316859 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. Cause and treatment. AB - Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is one of the most devastating crises encountered in medicine, and it frequently occurs unexpectedly. Since a patient's survival depends on early detection and treatment, a high index of suspicion must be maintained not only by the anesthesiological but also by all surgical personnel in the operating room. Physical stigmata and historical findings can help surgeons to detect those patients who may be at risk for the development of MH. The surgical procedure should be promptly stopped, and medical therapy should be started. Step-by-step treatment of this threatening complication of anesthesia is necessary. PMID- 7316860 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss and orchestral musicians. AB - Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is well reported among devotees of rock 'n' roll music, but less attention has been focused on players of orchestral music. Sound pressure levels have been recorded from within orchestras during performances, and audiometry has been carried out on orchestral musicians. Short lasting peaks of sound of high amplitude were found to occur, and some players had audiometric changes consistent with NIHL. However, in practice, there seemed to be no threat to the players' continued livelihood, although the additive effect of presbyacusis in later life poses a potential problem. The difficulties of prevention of NIHL and the attenuation of the high sound levels of orchestras do not seem to be completely soluble. PMID- 7316861 TI - The dorsal nasal flap. PMID- 7316863 TI - Placebo effect for Meniere's disease sac shunt surgery disputed. PMID- 7316862 TI - Hamartoma of the hypopharynx. AB - Hamartomas of the hypopharynx are rare. Detailed microscopic study is necessary to differentiate these tumors from the adult-type rhabdomyoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, and granular cell tumor. To our knowledge, our case of a hypopharyngeal rhabdomyomatous hamartoma removed by a lateral pharyngotomy is the only verified hypopharyngeal case in the literature, although a lesion reported by H. W. Smith in 1959 as a laryngeal rhabdomyoma most probably represents a rhabdomyomatous hamartoma, similar to that of the present case. PMID- 7316864 TI - Hyperactive acoustic reflexes and perilymphatic hypotension. PMID- 7316865 TI - Therapy for Meniere's disease. PMID- 7316866 TI - Pathologic quiz case 1: histoplasmosis. PMID- 7316867 TI - Pathologic quiz case 2: oncocytic cyst. PMID- 7316868 TI - Development of surface-recorded cochlear and early neural potentials in the cat. AB - The development of the surface-recorded cochlear and early neural potentials has been studied in the cat from birth to the 8th post-natal week. CM, SP, and each of the neural waves has a characteristic temporal developmental pattern and mature threshold. Wave IV is the most resistant to reduction in stimulus intensity levels, while the thresholds of both cochlear potentials are high. Animals with hereditary unilateral deafness constitute a most convenient model for the study of functional maturation in the auditory pathways, particularly with regard to precise latency estimations. PMID- 7316869 TI - The influence of fibrin stabilization and fibrinolysis on the fibrin-adhesive system. A clinical study using radioactively marked fibrinogen as a tracer. AB - In many fields of surgery the use of highly concentrated human fibrinogen, which forms a fibrin clot when thrombin is added, is gaining increasing importance for tissue adhesion. A number of experimental and clinical reports on fibrin sealing have been published during recent years. The question underlying our present investigations is as follows: What happens to the tissue adhesive after its application to a wound in clinical use, i.e., how much time is required for complete resorption of the seal due to fibrinolytic processes? Skin graftings of the face (required to close defects caused by the excision of basal or spinal cell carcinomas) were performed by glueing rhomboid flaps or full thickness skin grafts to the wounds with the tissue adhesive to which 125I-marked fibrinogen has been added. Activity counts were recorded daily and CPM were plotted versus time to obtain summation curves. The physiological processes of fibrin stabilization and fibrinolysis are extensively discussed as both factors influence the tissue adhesive and thus have to be accounted for in clinical practice. PMID- 7316870 TI - Effect of ethanol on cochlear blood flow. AB - The cochlear and cerebral blood flow was studied in rabbits with the microsphere method before and 15 min after i.v. administration of ethanol. In a series of control experiments only saline was injected. No alteration was measured in the cochlear and cerebral blood flow after the administration of saline, whereas both cochlear and cerebral blood flow showed an increase after ethanol administration. The results are discussed in relation to changes in serum osmolality and hearing in patients with Meniere's disease. PMID- 7316871 TI - [The TTL-computer flash and the operating microscope OPMI I. A new system for microphotography (author's transl)]. AB - The autodynamic controller TTL-computer flash (TTL = through the lens) with combined cold light fountain was adapted to the operating microscope OPMI I. The TTL-computer flash system facilitates the handling of the photomicroscope and provides accurately exposed photos in microphotography. PMID- 7316872 TI - [The origin of efferent fibers to the inner ear on reptiles. A HRP study in Caiman crocodilus (author's transl)]. AB - The origin of efferent fibers to the inner ear was studied in Caiman crocodilus. After injection of horseradish peroxidase into the basilar papilla or into the ampullae of the horizontal and anterior semicircular canals, neurons labeled by the granular reaction product of retrogradely transported HRP were found in the medulla oblongata bilaterally. Parent cells of the efferent cochlear bundle were found in the medial reticular nucleus and in the rostroventral division of the superior olive bilaterally. Efferent vestibular neurons were found in the medial reticular nucleus bilaterally with more neurons ipsilateral to the injection site. PMID- 7316873 TI - [Fibrin glue for otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)]. AB - A tissue glue easy to produce and made of the patient's own blood plasma could be synthesized. By the addition of different mixtures its characteristics and its applicability were tested. The most qualified glue combination for otorhinolaryngology was determined. Excellent results were obtained upon application on dura plastics and in microsurgery. The advantages of the glue are: no danger of infection by virus hepatitis, flexible intervals of adhesion, no storage problems, easy to synthesize, few expenses. PMID- 7316874 TI - [A comparative anatomic contribution to the development of the ossicles and the annular ligament (author's transl)]. AB - The development of ossicles and annular ligament in the rat (Rattus norwegicus L.) is studied by means of light and TE microscopy. Initial stages of ossification are independent of vascularization of the cartilaginous anlage of the ossicles. During endochondral ossification of the incus and the malleus the cells are arranged in zones of growth, hypertrophic cells, and necrotic cells, which is similar to the ossifying epiphysis femoris. The ossification of the stapedial footplate resembles that of the endochondral layer of otic capsule and displays a non-zonal pattern of cellular transformation. Mesenchymal cells are arranged palisade-like in the region of the annular ligament during early stages of development. Later on, their ultrastructure corresponds to fibroblasts. Their number decreases with increasing age. It is discussed whether or not the stapedial footplate belongs embryologically to the labyrinthine block. PMID- 7316876 TI - Habituation and rate effect in the auditory cortical potentials evoked by trains of stimuli. AB - The effects of the stimulus repetition rate over the habituated auditory cortical evoked responses were studied. The stimulation pattern consisted of trains of pure tone bursts with interstimulus interval (ISI) of 1 s, and intertrain interval (ITI) of 5 s, delivered with constant time and intensity parameters during 93 min. The analysis of the responses was based upon across averaging of the trains, each single response being evaluated in the latency and amplitude parameters. Two time-dependent factors affected the responses in a distinct way: the habituation throughout the whole stimulation and the rate effect within the train. The linear regressions of the time/amplitude functions of the responses were calculated in relation to the duration of ISI and ITI. By introducing a correction factor depending on the repetition rate it was possible to evaluate the relationships between habituation and repetition rate. Changes in the repetition rate do not have any effect on the habituation process. The two phenomena are completely distinct, and they probably have neurophysiologic substances corresponding to different levels in the central nervous system (CNS). PMID- 7316875 TI - A cochlear vascular anomaly in a patient with hearing loss and tinnitus. AB - An unusual blood vessel in the cochlea of a patient is reported. The blood vessel derives from the osseous lamina spiralis and crosses straight through the scala tympani toward the lateral wall of the perilymphatic duct. In its course a branch derives from this vessel toward the other spiral vessel. In the region of this abberrant vessel a complete hair-cell loss is present. A high tone perceptive loss with a relative dip and tinnitus was found in the same ear during life. The possible cause and effects of this abberrant vessel are discussed. PMID- 7316877 TI - Experimental infection of the guinea pig inner ear with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Based on the question whether toxoplasma gondii is a potential pathogenetic factor in sudden deafness and vertigo (especially in the acquired form of Toxoplasmosis) we started a series of investigations, dealing with direct, local, hematogenous, and intracisternal infection of the guinea pig cochlea with toxoplasma gondii. Three of ten directly inoculated and one of five hematogenously infected guinea pigs showed a severe labyrinthitis in electron and light microscopy. Thus, we could demonstrate that toxoplasma gondii is a potent pathogenetic factor in acute inner ear disturbances in laboratory animals. Toxoplasmosis should always be considered in cases with sudden deafness and vertigo without obvious other cause. With a specific therapy the labyrinthine disturbances can apparently be successfully treated. PMID- 7316878 TI - [On the endochondral ossification of the otic capsule: formation of the globuli ossei and the interglobular spaces (author's transl)]. AB - To our knowledge this is the first transmission electron-microscopic study on endochondral bone formation in the otic capsule. The formation of the rat's globuli ossei and interglobular spaces is studied with special regard to Manasse's (1897) contributions who suggested the globuli ossei's cells to be "embryonic cartilage cells" which have "metaplased" to bone cells. Since then his opinion has found ample confirmation by subsequent light-microscopic works until today. The results reported here indicate that the chondrocytes of the erosive zone die in the endochondral layer of the otic capsule. Mononuclear cells ahead of the invasion front partially resorb the remnants of the intracellular substances. Cells which originate from perivascular elements of invasive capillary buds enter the empty lacunae of the cartilage remnants and become osteoblasts. They form the globuli ossei by producing bone matrix and become osteocytes later on. PMID- 7316879 TI - Late hearing results after paraffinplasty or silastic sheeting. AB - The long-term hearing results are presented for 135 ears operated on radically. In 59 of the ears temporary paraffin filling of the tympanic cavity was employed after the removal of the tympanic mucosa ot operation. The filling material was removed, and the ossiculoplasty was performed about 6 months later. In 76 ears a one-stage operation with tympanoplasty and Silastic sheeting was employed. There were no statistical differences between the groups of ears mentioned according to hearing results early (1 year) or late (5-15 years) postoperatively or in the deterioration of the air-bone gaps after the first postoperative year (P greater than 0.05). The late change in the air-bone gap was significant in both groups (paraffin group: 6.1 dB; Silastic sheeting group: 5.7 dB; P less than 0.05). The total improvement of hearing late after surgery (as compared to the preoperative hearing) was significantly better in the paraffin group than in ears with Silastic sheeting (P less than 0.05). Paraffinplasty seems to be a suitable way to avoid tympanic adhesions. PMID- 7316880 TI - Jaw cysts with special regard to keratocyst recurrence. A long-term follow-up. AB - From an original material of 50 patients with 55 jaw cysts, 39 patients were followed up 32--129 months after surgery (mean: 92 months). In 21 of 55 cysts the primary lesion was histologically classified as a keratocyst. All keratocysts had a follow-up period of at least 6 years (72 months). The keratocyst recurrence rate was 50%. Seven of eight recurrences in the total material were keratocysts. There was no difference between males and females concerning the incidence of keratocysts or age at diagnosis. PMID- 7316881 TI - [Neurogenic sarcoma of the head and neck with contact to the skull base (author's transl)]. AB - The neurogenic sarcoma is a neoplasm found seldom. It descends from the sheaths of peripheric nerves. If this tumor develops from a solitary or multiple neurofibroma, it might also be called a neurofibrosarcoma. All other synonyms, especially that of the malignant schwannoma, should better be abandoned for histogenetic reasons. Today the classification of all tumors of the peripheral nervous system is based on a suggestion of the WHO from 1969. The tabular summary of the literature shows that only a little more than a hundred cases of neurogenic sarcoma of the head and neck were reported during the last 50 years. Differential diagnosis of this malignant tumor includes nearly all other malignant neoplasms of soft tissue, sometimes even anaplastic carcinoma. Histopathology, including electron microscopy, is described in general and also in detail with regard to three cases. Three forms of micro-morphological variants are dealt with, too. For diagnosis histological examination will be absolutely successful only in cases of neurofibromatosis or in cases where the nerve from which the tumor originates may be identified. Otherwise, conventional and computerized X-ray tomography may be helpful. Finally, some therapeutic and prognostic principles are discussed. PMID- 7316882 TI - Early auditory-evoked responses: spectral content. AB - Spectral analysis of the early auditory-evoked responses in man and in the cat has shown that the predominant contribution to the total power is contained in the band below 50-100 Hz. This low-frequency content is considerably reduced when the corresponding spontaneous brain activity spectrum is subtracted from the response spectrum. Under the latter circumstances, the dominant frequency contribution is found in the 500- to 2,500- Hz bandwidth. PMID- 7316883 TI - Slow cortical responses and the diagnosis of central hearing loss in infants and young children. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of slow cortical responses (ERA) for threshold estimation in infants and young children, 83 children were investigated with combinations of pure-tone audiometry, electrocochleography (ECochG) and ERA. The deviations between ECochG/ and ERA thresholds were correlated to brain function in order to diagnose central hearing losses. By comparing corresponding values of 2 kHz pure-tone and ERA thresholds, 32% (10/31) errors were found, mainly below 35 dB HL. In a group of patients with no sign of brain disorder, an overall error rate of 37% (20/53) was found. Below 35 dB HL, 72% (11/15) errors were found. In a group of patients with brain dysfunction, the overall rate was 70% (21/30), below 35 dB HL it was 84% (21/25). In the range below 35 dB HL, no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in errors was found between the groups with and without brain disorders. It is concluded that ERA is unreliable for the estimation of moderate hearing losses and cannot per se detect a central hearing dysfunction. Elevated ERA thresholds may indicate a central hearing loss, but to establish this topical diagnosis, ECochG and neuropsychological examinations are necessary. PMID- 7316884 TI - An electrophysiological correlate of phonemic discrimination. AB - Event-related potentials have not, to date, been used to probe speech discrimination processes. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether correct speech discrimination performance was associated with characteristic changes in contingent negative variation (CNV) waveform. 9 paid subjects were placed in a 'go/no-go' discrimination paradigm. Correct perception of phoneme differences (no-go) was associated with an abrupt decrease in 'orienting wave' (O-wave) amplitude. The moment of 'O-wave' resolution generally occurred during presentation of key acoustic features differentiating the 'go' from the 'no-go' stimuli. PMID- 7316885 TI - Discrimination of level differences by hearing-impaired patients. AB - A technique for measuring the discrimination of level differences with pulsed tones is proposed. Alternating tone bursts, each of 500 ms duration but of different sound pressure levels, are separated by 200-ms pauses. The advantages of this method in comparison with traditional methods (SISI test, Luscher Zwislocki test) which use modulated tones are that level discrimination is independent of frequency and that it shows very little dependence on sensation level. With this technique, the level discrimination of patients with conductive hearing loss, 'toxic' hearing impairment, noise-induced hearing loss, sudden deafness, presbyacusis, Meniere's disease, and retrocochlear impairment was determined and compared to the results obtained in normal ears. Using the level discrimination test proposed, retrocochlear disorders can be diagnosed with great reliability. PMID- 7316886 TI - Do the blind hear better? Investigations on auditory processing in congenital or early acquired blindness. I. Peripheral functions. AB - 18 normally hearing blind students and 18 matched normal-sighted students were compared with regard to differential auditory sensitivity and acoustic reflex thresholds. Evaluation of interaural time differences for directional hearing and acoustic reflex thresholds showed no differences between the groups. The difference limen for intensity when interpreted by the SISI test, and the difference limen for frequency revealed a slightly optimizing trend in the blind group. However, differences missed statistical significance as to difference limen for intensity and, in the 3-orange, also as to difference limen for frequency. Any superior hearing of the blind was not mirrored by a corresponding superiority in peripheral supraliminal performance. PMID- 7316887 TI - Do the blind hear better? Investigations on auditory processing in congenital or early acquired blindness. II. Central functions. AB - The same 18 normally hearing students and 18 matched normal-sighted students, as in part I of this study, were compared in regard to pure-tone integration, speech discrimination ability and late cortical-evoked potentials. The blind subjects showed increased disinhibition ('cleaning') with broad-band noise and a decreased inhibition with the same stimulus at the contralateral ear, better speech discrimination, especially with regard to sentence tests without and with competing environment-simulating noise, and, by electric response audiometry (ERA), a shortened N1 latency. Thus, the hypothesis of a better utilization of auditory information after the loss of the visual information channel could be confirmed, and may be ascribed to the plasticity of the central nervous system. PMID- 7316888 TI - Comparison of acoustically coupled and mechanically coupled speech. AB - Phonetically balanced work lists were mechanically coupled onto the ossicular chain of anesthetized guinea pigs by piezoelectric-type drivers and the resulting cochlear microphonic (CM) recorded on magnetic tape. Similar recordings of the CM resulting from free field tympanic membrane stimulation by hi-fi speakers were also obtained. The recordings were compared by conventional discrimination testing. In discrimination testing of all the raw recordings, listeners achieved essentially perfect scores. Addition of masking noise sufficient to reduce mean discrimination scores to 65-70% revealed no significant discrimination differences. When piezoelectrically initiated, CM-derived lists were compared with similar lists passed through hearing aids in an anechoic chamber, the preference of a panel of listeners for the quality of mechanically coupled speech was significantly higher. Mechanical-acoustical displacement equivalency at normal physiological levels and freedom from mechanical-electrical artifact were demonstrated by measurement of ossicular chain displacement by a fiber optic lever displacement transducer. PMID- 7316889 TI - Audiometry and the new-born. AB - The early detection of hearing defects has not only advantages but also disadvantages. It is not until the child is 6-9 months old that these begin to balance out. Early examination should be done only when there are compelling reasons, e.g. parental anxiety. The screening of the new-born baby, however attractive it may be as a result of new techniques and the fact that, in some countries many children are born in hospital, must be strongly discouraged. PMID- 7316890 TI - Cataracts, goitre and infertility in cattle grazed on an exclusive diet of Leucaena leucocephala. AB - Gross and histopathological changes and serum thyroxine levels were determined in 10 heifers fed an exclusive diet of Leucaena leucocephala from 10 months of age until slaughter, 23 months later. Normal ovarian activity and mating were observed during a 7-month mating period. Cataracts, goitre, lingual epithelial ulceration and gingival atrophy were present at slaughter. Only one of the heifers was pregnant. Histologically, severe vacuolation and disruption of lens fibres and focal hyperplasia of lens epithelium were present. Both follicular hyperplasia and colloid accumulation were found to varying degrees in the thyroid glands and serum thyroxine levels were higher than in a comparable group of animals not fed L. leucocephala. Morphologically normal trophoblast was present in the uteri of 6 animals even though no embryo or foetus was present. Embryonic death and resorption may have been due to the anti-mitotic effect of mimosine or the goitrogenic effect of DHP. PMID- 7316891 TI - The effect of pen design and the tranquilising drug, azaperone, on the growth and behaviour of weaned pigs. AB - Two experiments were carried out in a 55-sow, specific pathogen free commercial unit, to assess the effects of the tranquilising drug, azaperone, on pigs mixed at weaning. The drug is claimed to inhibit aggression in pigs mixed at weaning, and also to increase the average weight gain in groups of growing pigs. The first experiment used a single test and control group, and the second experiment was a 2 X 2 factorial design, the variables being the presence or absence of the drug, and the presence or absence of a box used to modify the weaner pen environment. In both experiments there were no significant differences in rates of agonistic interactions between treated and untreated groups, although the drug delayed the first agonistic encounters for about 8 hours. Nor was there any difference in the relative growth rate between treated and untreated groups in either experiment. PMID- 7316892 TI - An assessment of the Australian V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine by spray, aerosol and drinking water administration. AB - An Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus, was evaluated for used as a vaccine following its administration by drinking water, aerosol and spray to chickens at 1 and 21 days of age. Haemagglutination inhibition antibody was produced and persisted for 11 weeks. Aerosol vaccination induced higher levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibody than the other methods of vaccination. No respiratory disease was observed following vaccination. Chickens vaccinated by aerosol and spray were fully protected when challenged at 5, 7 and 11 weeks of age with virulent Newcastle disease virus. Mortality of 10 to 30 per cent was observed in chickens vaccinated by drinking water and intranasally following challenge. PMID- 7316893 TI - Acute aflatoxicosis in calves fed peanut hay. AB - Acute aflatoxicosis was believed to be the cause of death of 12 to 90 drought stricken Hereford calves fed peanut hay on the southern Darling Downs in Queensland. Jaundice, photosensitisation, diarrhoea, anorexia and depression were seen before death. Serum levels of enzymes of hepatic origin and bilirubin were elevated. After death haemorrhage, hepatocyte damage, bile ductule proliferation were found. Total aflatoxin levels up to 2230 microgram/kg were detected in the peanut hay with most toxin concentrated in nut-in-shell. PMID- 7316895 TI - Treatment of ovine annual ryegrass toxicity with chlordiazepoxide: a field evaluation. PMID- 7316894 TI - A protracted case of cryptococcal nasal granuloma in a stallion. AB - A 13-year-old Standardbred stallion presented with a unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and airway obstruction was found to have an extensive cryptococcal nasal granuloma. Treatment was not attempted. The stallion was destroyed 26 months later having completed 2 successful breeding seasons. The granuloma had gradually increased in size and almost completely occupied the left nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It was characterised histologically by fibrous and myxomatous tissue and masses of yeasts. A cryptococcal granuloma found within the wall of the jejunum could represent evidence of dissemination, and organisms were seen within alveoli, bronchioles and the intestinal lumen. PMID- 7316896 TI - The use of ketamine hydrochloride for endotracheal intubation in goats. PMID- 7316897 TI - Steatitis in two donkey foals. PMID- 7316898 TI - Vesicular disease in pigs in February 1981 in New Zealand. PMID- 7316899 TI - Association of bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection to hydranencephaly and other central nervous system lesions in perinatal calves. PMID- 7316900 TI - Cutaneous protothecosis in a cat. PMID- 7316901 TI - Effect of aging on survival and pathogenicity of Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella. AB - After 6 to 8 months of storage, cultures of sporulated Eimeria acervulina and E. tenella oocysts ahd a marked drop in the number of sporocysts that survived grinding, sporozoites that survived after excystation, and sporozoites that penetrated chick kidney cells in vitro. The rate of excystation was unaffected by storage of up to one year. In vivo pathogenicity, based on weight gain, lesion score, and plasma pigment, declined after 5 months of oocyst storage. The reduction in pathogenicity in vivo could be compensated for by adjusting the inoculation dosage to reflect the loss of infectivity seen in the in vitro test. PMID- 7316902 TI - Anticoccidial drug resistance in the southeastern United States: polyether, ionophorous drugs. AB - Coccidia were isolated from poultry farms in the U.S. and tested for sensitivity to the polyether, ionophorous drugs. Of 52 isolates, 24 were individual; Eimeria spp. and 28 were mixed species. Eimeria tenella, E. maxima, and E. acervulina were commonly present in mixed isolates. The isolates differed considerably in response to individual drugs and to the drugs as a group. All isolates responded to some extent, so none was judged completely resistant to the ionophores, but control of some isolates was poor, with up to 47% of medicated birds dying in one instance. Based on lesion score reduction, the best indicator of effectiveness, salinomycin provided the best overall control (64%), followed by lasalocid (56%) and monensin (52%). When weight gain was used as evidence of resistance, lasalocid provided the best control (97%), followed by salinomycin (90%) and monensin (81%). Examination of testing methods revealed that the arbitrarily selected endpoint should significantly affect th number of isolates designated resistant or sensitive. PMID- 7316903 TI - Alcaligenes faecalis-associated respiratory disease of chickens. PMID- 7316904 TI - Cryopreservation of avian lymphoid cells. AB - Conditions were standardized for optimum cryopreservation of avian lymphoid cells. Several factors that influenced cryopreservation were examined. The optimum procedure was as follows: a maximum of 50 x 10(6) cells/ml were suspended in the freezing medium, which contained 5-10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the cell suspension was frozen slowly at a rate of -1 C degree/min. The frozen cells were kept at -196 C. Cryopreserved cels were thawed rapidly in a 37 C water bath until the last ice crystal had thawed. The method of diluting out DMSO from thawed cells was critical, and results were best if dilutions were made at room temperature (20-25C) with diluent prewarmed to room temperature. Dilution was begun by adding 0.1 ml diluent to 1.0 ml freshly thawed cell suspension. Thereafter, diluent was added by doubling the volume after each 1-min interval until 12.7 ml of diluent had been added over 6 min. The recovery of viable cells from cryopreserved cells varied from 51.2% to 98.3% (mean 86.0%) for lymphoblastoid line cells and from 24.8% to 87.2% (mean 50.6%) for spleen cells obtained from normal chickens. Viable cryopreserved cells were reactive in a 4-hr Cr-release cytotoxicity assay and responded vigorously to phytohemagglutinin. The standardized method of freezing and thawing avian lymphoid cells may facilitate preservation of large stocks of standard reference cells with predetermined functions for laboratory studies, particularly those involving in vitro assays of cellular immunity. PMID- 7316905 TI - Hatchery-related contact transmission and short- term small-group-rearing as related to lymphoid-leukosis-virus-eradication programs. AB - Pathogen-free chickens highly susceptible to lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV) were used to study the role of hatchery-related contact transmission of LLV. In one experiment, the efficiency of short-term small-group-rearing in conventional-type rearing units to prevent contact transmission of LLV from infected to uninfected groups was evaluated. Results obtained from these experiments suggest that LLV is not transmitted by congenitally infected chicks to uninfected hatchmates in the hatcher. However, LLV can be transmitted by congenitally infected chicks to uninfected hatchmates during standard manual vent sexing. Rate of contact transmission was lower in chickens reared on wire-mesh floors than in chickens reared on solid floors. Short-term procedures in which chicks were reared in colony cages and brooder batteries effectively reduced the transmission of LLV by infected groups of hatching chicks to uninfected groups. All these procedures should facilitate the rearing of small groups of chicks with little risk of infection for a period sufficient to conduct virus assays, an essential step in LLV eradication. PMID- 7316906 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of tracheas from turkey poults infected with Alcaligenes faecalis. PMID- 7316907 TI - Effect of dietary butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the activity of a chicken liver enzyme that metabolizes foreign compounds. PMID- 7316908 TI - Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in broiler chickens. AB - A flock of 7-week-old broiler chickens in northwestern Arkansas showed signs of respiratory distress. Gross pathologic alterations were excessive exudate in the tracheas and congestion of the nasal turbinates. An adenovirus was isolated from fresh trachea specimens. Microscopically, alterations in tracheal sections were thickened mucosa with inflammatory-cell lamina-proprial infiltrate and epithelial squamous metaplasia. Protozoan parasites present on the epithelial surface were identified by electron microscopy as Cryptosporidium spp. These organisms were attached to the tracheal mucosa epithelium and the luminal surface of mucous glands. The significance of the intercurrent adenovirus infection was not determined. PMID- 7316909 TI - Seminoma in a pigeon. PMID- 7316910 TI - Bifunctional oviduct in an adult hen and unilateral cecum in a young chicken. PMID- 7316911 TI - The involvement of Alacaligenes faecalis in turkeys submitted for diagnosis as detected by bacterial isolation and microagglutination test. PMID- 7316912 TI - Sequential pathology of genital tract in chickens experimentally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - Unsexed day-old White Leghorn chicks hatched from eggs pre-treated with erythromycin were infected via the yolk sac with a 48-hr broth culture of pathogenic Mycoplasma gallisepticum (S6). Fourteen of the 57 experimental female birds had gross lesions in the oviduct, characterized by the presence of grayish white caseous plugs of various sizes in a segment or throughout the length of the oviduct. Forty-six of the infected female birds had microscopic lesions, detected primarily as mild heterophilic infiltration, lymphocytic aggregates, lymphoid follicles, diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, pleocellular response, or a combination of any of these depending on the stage and extent of infection. The caseous plugs were formed by tissue debris, fibrin, necrotic heterophils, and sometimes a few lymphocytes and macrophages. Changes that accompanied the necrotic exudate were atrophy of the mucosa, hypertrophy of the oviduct wall, or sometimes necrosis of the folds of mucosa. No significant gross and microscopic lesions were detected in ovaries, although 3 of the 33 infected male chickens had histological lesions in the testes. Gross and microscopic changes of mycoplasmosis were also found in the respiratory tract. M. gallisepticum could be consistently reisolated from oviduct(s) up to five weeks PI; thereafter, isolations were intermittent. From the ovaries or testes the organism could be isolated consistently up to one week PI only. Agglutinins were detected in the sera of infected chickens as early as one week PI, when the mean titer was 1:5, and it reached a maximum of 1:128 at six weeks PI. Thereafter the titer gradually declined, but the demonstrable agglutinins were present until 25 weeks PI. PMID- 7316913 TI - Aerospace Medical Association. Constitution. PMID- 7316914 TI - A functional analysis of obsessive-compulsive problems with related therapeutic procedures. PMID- 7316915 TI - The rapid-smoking technique: therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 7316917 TI - Psychological adjustment in transvestism and transsexualism. PMID- 7316918 TI - The effects of shock intensity on fear incubation (enhancement): a preliminary investigation of Eysenck's theory. PMID- 7316916 TI - Independence training as a method of enhancing self-help skills acquisition of the mentally retarded. PMID- 7316919 TI - Controlled comparison of aversive therapy and covert sensitization in compulsive homosexuality. PMID- 7316920 TI - Depression and engagement in a residential home for the elderly. PMID- 7316921 TI - Acquisition of phobias and anxiety response patterns in clinical patients. PMID- 7316922 TI - The treatment of nocturnal bruxism using contingent EMG feedback with an arousal task. PMID- 7316923 TI - Clinical and experimental utility of refundable deposits. PMID- 7316924 TI - Anxiety management training in the treatment of essential hypertension. PMID- 7316925 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome: a behavioral model. PMID- 7316926 TI - The treatment of tension headache--I Muscular abnormality and biofeedback. PMID- 7316927 TI - The treatment of tension headache--II. EMG 'normality' and relaxation. PMID- 7316928 TI - Efficacy of self-instructional training for reducing children's anxiety in an evaluative situation. PMID- 7316929 TI - Science and behavior therapy: a survey of research in the 1970s. PMID- 7316930 TI - Employing paradoxical intention in the treatment of agoraphobia. PMID- 7316931 TI - Children's self-initiated approach to spiders. PMID- 7316932 TI - The measurement of sleep onset latency in insomnia. PMID- 7316933 TI - Hassall's corpuscle: a regressive formation. AB - Alpha naphthylesterase and leucineaminopeptidase activities in Hassall's corpuscles in the Gallus dom, and Cavia cobaya were found to be similar to those in man and in other animals. Histochemical findings of the thymus during the course of the growing phase have shown that these two enzymes are closely connected with the initial formation of a Hassall's corpuscle. Some medullary parenchymal epitheliocytes react strongly at this time. At first present in small clusters, they gradually become more numerous and finally escape from the network. Next they tend to cluster together, enclosing other cells with them. This change is connected with a new structure acquired by the cells. Enzymatic activity, antigenic properties and immunological reactions are only present in the early growth stages of a Hassall's corpuscle, when the cells are often hypertrophic. The component parts of the lamellated corpuscle are subject to involutive phenomena; they cease to function and to supply structural material until they finally disappear. The thymus is able to provide formative material without having recourse to Hassall's corpuscle. However, we are inclined to consider the progressive phase of Hassall's corpuscle to be important, as then elements in growth are clearly differentiated. PMID- 7316934 TI - [Criteria for physical fitness]. PMID- 7316935 TI - [Electron microscopic demonstration of proteoglycans in joint cartilage]. PMID- 7316936 TI - [Experiences so far with the cement free ceramic hip endoprosthesis - type Mittlemeier]. PMID- 7316937 TI - [Seasonal trend of birth dates in children with hip dislocation]. PMID- 7316938 TI - [Results of Bruckner plastic surgery in recurrent and habitual shoulder joint dislocations]. PMID- 7316939 TI - [Care of the fresh amputation stump with a newly developed compression stocking]. PMID- 7316940 TI - [Seasonal prophylaxis of parasitic gastroenteritis in calves by administration of a Paratect delayed-action bolus before turnout]. PMID- 7316941 TI - [Mammary tumors in male dogs]. PMID- 7316942 TI - [Occurrence of human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in cats]. PMID- 7316943 TI - [Migratory behavior and occurrence of equine strongylid larvae and their importance in pasture management]. PMID- 7316944 TI - [Mycoplasma bovis infection in a dairy herd. 1. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 7316945 TI - [Effect of hormonal bursectomy on the serum T4 level in turkey poults (Meleagris gallopavo var. domesticus)?]. PMID- 7316946 TI - [Fox population and fox rabies in Lower Saxony with regard to the landscape structure]. PMID- 7316947 TI - [Connective system of a programmable microprocessor-directed dispenser-diluter apparatus for serodiagnostic serial tests]. PMID- 7316948 TI - [Effect of depot-progesterone (PRID) on the success rate of superovulation in inseminated cows]. PMID- 7316949 TI - [Cultural and serological studies of the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica infections in swine and cattle]. PMID- 7316950 TI - [Governmental control of epidemics in fresh water fish--a new veterinary task]. PMID- 7316951 TI - [Helminths of tortoises and deworming trials with drugs]. PMID- 7316952 TI - [Solanum malacoxylon: studies of tolerance of doses recommended for the prophylaxis of parturient paresis]. PMID- 7316953 TI - [Statistical studies of age and sex specific differences in blood parameters of English beagles. II. Clinical chemistry]. PMID- 7316954 TI - Morphology of the rat brain ventricles, ependyma, and periventricular structures. PMID- 7316956 TI - Ionic control of immobilized enzymes. Kinetics of acid phosphatase bound to plant cell walls. AB - When an enzyme is bound to an insoluble polyelectrolyte it may acquire novel kinetic properties generated by Donnan effects. It the enzyme is homogeneously distributed within the matrix, a variation of the electrostatic partition coefficient, when substrate concentration is varied, mimics either positive or negative co-operativity. This type of non-hyperbolic behaviour may be distinguished from true co-operativity by an analysis of the Hill plots. If the enzyme is heterogeneously distributed within the polyelectrolyte matrix, an apparent negative co-operativity occurs, even if the electrostatic partition coefficient does not vary when substrate concentration is varied in the bulk phase. If the partition coefficient varies, mixed positive and negative co operativities may occur. All these effects must be suppressed by raising the ionic strength in the bulk phase. Attraction of cations by fixed negative charges of the polyanionic matrix may be associated with a significant decrease of the local pH. The magnitude of this effect is controlled by the pK of the fixed charges groups of the Donnan phase. The local pH cannot be much lower than the value of this pK. This effect may be considered as a regulatory device of the local pH. Acid phosphatase of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) cell walls is a monomeric enzyme that displays classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics in free solution. However, when bound to small cell-wall fragments or to intact cells, it has an apparent negative co-operativity at low ionic strength. Moreover a slight increase of ionic strength apparently activates the bound enzymes and tends to suppress the apparent co-operativity. At I0.1, or higher, the bound enzyme has a kinetic behavior indistinguishable from that of the purified enzyme in free solution. These results are interpreted in the light of the Donnan theory. Owing to the repulsion of the substrate by the negative charges of cell-wall polygalacturonates, the local substrate concentration in the vicinity of the bound enzyme is smaller than the corresponding concentration in bulk solution. The kinetic results obtained are consistent with the view that there exist at least three populations of bound enzyme with different ionic environments: a first population with enzyme molecules not submitted to electrostatic effects, and two other populations with molecules differently submitted to these effects. The theory allows one to estimate the proportions of enzyme belonging to these populations, as well as the local pH values and the partition coefficients within the cell walls. PMID- 7316957 TI - The effect of membrane phospholipid acyl-chain composition on the activity of brain-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase. AB - The phospholipid acyl-chain dependence of the membrane-bound lysosomal beta-N acetyl-D-glucosaminidase has been examined on control membranes from rat brain primary cell cultures and on membrane modified by culturing the cells in media supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The relationship between beta-N acetyl-D-glucosaminidase activity and the membrane phospholipid acyl-chain composition has been evaluated. An increase in the unsaturation level of phosphatidyl ethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines, the most abundant phospholipids in this membrane fraction, is related to the rate of the enzymic reaction. The Arrhenius plot of the enzyme activity in modified membranes shows break-temperatures, starting from approximately 15 degrees C. The apparent activation energy below and above the break-temperature is not correlated with phospholipid acyl-chain unsaturation. PMID- 7316955 TI - Purification of desmin from adult mammalian skeletal muscle. AB - A method has been developed for preparation of purified desmin from mature mammalian (porcine) skeletal muscle. A crude desmin-containing fraction was prepared by modification of procedures used for isolation of smooth-muscle intermediate-filament protein [Small & Sobieszek (1977) J. Cell Sci. 23, 243 268]. The desmin was extracted in 1 M-acetic acid/20 mM-NaCl at 4 degrees C for 15h from the residue remaining after actomyosin extraction from washed myofibrils. Successive chromatography on hydroxyapatite and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B in 6M-urea yielded desmin that was routinely more than 97% 55 000-dalton protein and that had no detectable actin contamination. Removal of urea by dialysis against 10mM-Tris/acetate (pH 8.5)/1 mM dithioerythritol and subsequent clarification at 134 000 g (rav. 5.9 cm) for 1 h results in a clear desmin solution. Dialysis of purified desmin against 100 mM-NaCl/1 mM-MgCl2/10 mM imidazole/HCl, pH 7.0, at 2 degrees C resulted in the formation of synthetic desmin filaments have an average diameter of 9-11.5 nm. The present studies demonstrate that the relatively small amount of desmin in mature skeletal muscle can be isolated in sufficient quantity and purity to permit detailed studies of its properties and function. Although 10nm filaments have not been unequivocally demonstrated in mature muscle in vivo, that the purified skeletal-muscle desmin will form 10 nm filaments in vitro lends support to their possible existence and cytoskeletal function in mature skeletal-muscle cells. PMID- 7316958 TI - Dianthins, ribosome-damaging proteins with anti-viral properties from Dianthus caryophyllus L. (carnation). AB - 1. Dianthin 30 and dianthin 32, two proteins isolated from the leaves of Diathus caryophyllus (carnation), were purified to homogeneity by chromatography on CM cellulose. 2. The mol.wt. of dianthin 30 is 29 500 and that of dianthin 32 is 31 700. Both dianthins are glycoproteins containing mannose. 3. Dianthins inhibit protein synthesis in a lysate of rabbit reticulocytes, with an ID50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) of 9.15 ng/ml (dianthin 30) and 3.6 ng/ml (dianthin 32). They act by damaging ribosomes in a less-than-equimolar ratio. Protein synthesis by intact cells is partially inhibited by dianthins at a concentration of 100 microgram/ml. 4. Dianthins mixed with tobacco-mosaic virus strongly decrease the number of local lesions on leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa. PMID- 7316959 TI - [Identification and characterization of two phospholipase A2 activities in resident mouse peritoneal macrophages]. AB - Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages synthesize and release large amounts of prostaglandins in response to inflammatory stimuli. Release of prostaglandin E2 and 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha occurs at a rate of 1 nmol/h per mg of cell protein. The mechanisms by which substrate arachidonic acid is released have yet to be established. We have therefore initiated studies to characterize those enzymes that can catalyse its release from phospholipid and may be of significance at the cellular level. We report initially the characterization of two phospholipase A2 activities in homogenates of mouse peritoneal macrophages. The first is active at pH 4.5 and is not dependent on Ca2+. The second is Ca2+ dependent and is optimally active at pH 8.5. Either phospholipase A2 activity is capable of hydrolysing [14C] arachidonic acid from [14C] arachidonic acid labelled phospholipids in quantities sufficient to account for the amounts of prostaglandins by macrophages in culture. Phospholipid substrates are prepared from mouse LM fibroblasts in serum-free Higuchi medium containing radiolabelled phospholipid precursors. Single-labelled phospholipids bear the 14C label in the arachidonic acid moiety. Dual-labelled phospholipids bear a 14C label in the polar head group and a 3H label in the arachidonic acid moiety. Experiments with dual-labelled substrates establish that both phospholipase activities are of the A2 type as indicated by the equimolar recovery of [3H] arachidonic acid and [14C] lysophospholipid. Studies with aqueous sonicated dispersions of purified [14C] arachidonic acid-labelled phospholipid or mixed liposomal substrates formed from mixtures of cellular polar lipids reveal that the pH 4.5 activity hydrolyses phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine more efficiently when they are present in a mixture of other polar lipids. The pH 8.5 activity, however, hydrolyses the purified phospholipids more efficiently. PMID- 7316960 TI - Mitogenicity and binding properties of beta-galactoside-binding lectin from chick embryo kidney. AB - THe beta-galactoside-binding lectin binds to glucosamine, mannosamine and galactosamine in addition to beta-galactoside, as determined by the inhibition of haemagglutination. Haemagglutination is further extended to examine the interaction of the binding sites for hexosamines and beta-galactosides, indicating that the binding of hexosamine and beta-galactoside is competitive. The lectin also shows strong mitogenic activity toward lymphocytes from mouse lymph node, as determined by the stimulation of thymidine incorporation. PMID- 7316961 TI - The influence of soluble binding proteins on lipophile transport and metabolism in hepatocytes. AB - A theory is presented that deals with the involvement of the intracellular binding proteins ligandin and aminoazodye-binding protein A (otherwise known as Z protein or fatty-acid-binding protein) on the uptake and intracellular transport and metabolism of their ligands. Equations are derived that combine steady-state diffusional fluxes of small molecules that are (a) free in the aqueous phase of the cell, (b) bound to the two proteins and (c) partitioned into intracellular membranes, for model systems that resemble conditions in the rat hepatocyte. These equations are then combined with expressions for the enzyme-catalysed metabolic reactions undergone by these small molecules to assess the influence of diffusion rats on the overall metabolic rates. It is concluded that ligandin and protein A can enhance the rate of intracellular of their ligands by an order of magnitude or more and that this could make the hepatocyte several times more efficient in metabolizing these ligands. Various ways of testing this theory are discussed. PMID- 7316963 TI - Isolation and properties of three lectins from mistletoe (Viscum album L.). AB - Three lectins have been isolated from an extract of mistletoe (Viscum album) by affinity chromatography on partially hydrolysed Sepharose and human immunoglobulin- Sepharose. The lectins differ in molecular weight and sugar specificity (lectin I, mol.wt. 11500, D-galactose-specific; lectin II, mol.wt. 60000, both D-galactose- and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific; lectin III, mol. wt. 50000, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific). All three lectins react with human erythrocytes without specificity for the A, B, and O blood groups. In contrast with abrin and ricin the mistletoe lectins cannot be divided into "toxins" and "haemagglutinins". PMID- 7316962 TI - The binding of complement component C3 to antibody-antigen aggregates after activation of the alternative pathway in human serum. AB - Preformed immune aggregates, containing antigen and either IgG (immunoglobulin G) or F(ab')2 rabbit antibody, were incubated with normal human serum under conditions allowing activation of only the alternative pathway of complement. Both the IgG and F(ab')2 immune aggregates bound C3b, the activated form of the complement component C3, in a similar manner, 2-3% of the C3 available in the serum being bound to the aggregates as C3b, and the rest remaining in the fluid phase as inactive C3b or uncleaved C3. It was found that the C3b was probably covalently bound to the IgG in the aggregates, since C3b-IgG complexes could be demonstrated on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, after repeated washing with buffers containing high salt or boiling under denaturing conditions. Incubation of the C3b-antibody-antigen aggregates in buffers known to destroy ester linkages had little effect on the C3b-IgG complexes, which suggested that C3b and IgG might be linked by an amide bond. Two main types of C3b-IgG complexes were found that had apparent mol.wts. of 360000 and 580000, corresponding to either one to two C3b molecules respectively bound to one molecule of antibody. On reduction of the C3b-IgG complexes it was found that the beta-chain, but not the alpha'-chain, of C3b was released along with all the light chain of IgG but only about half or less of the heavy chain of IgG. These results indicate that, during activation of the alternative pathway of complement by immune aggregates containing IgG antibody, the alpha'-chain of C3b may become covalently bound at one or two sites in the Fd portion of the heavy chain of IgG. PMID- 7316964 TI - Changes in intermediate haemoglobins during autoxidation of haemoglobin. AB - The time course of haemoglobin autoxidation was studied under various conditions at 37 degrees C, and the changes in oxyhaemoglobin, intermediate haemoglobins and methaemoglobin during the reaction were analysed by isoelectric focusing on Ampholine/polyacrylamide-gel plates. Under various conditions (10 mM-phosphate buffer, 10 mM-phosphate buffer with 0.1 M-phosphate buffer, 10 mM-phosphate buffer with 0.1 M-NaCl, and 10 mM-phosphate buffer with 0.5 mM-inositol hexaphosphate; pH range 6.6-7.8 each case), the intermediate haemoglobins were found to be present as (alpha 2+ beta 3+)2 and (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2 valency hybrids from their characteristic positions on electrophoresis. Oxyhaemoglobin changed consecutively to (alpha 2+ beta 3+)2 and (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2, which were further oxidized to methaemoglobin, and the amounts of (alpha 3+beta 2+)2 were greater than those of (alpha 2+ beta 3+)2 during the reaction. The modes of the quantitative changes in oxyhaemoglobin, intermediate haemoglobins, and methaemoglobin were very similar in all the media used except for the inositol hexaphosphate addition. In the presence of inositol hexaphosphate, the autoxidation rates were considerably accelerated, and the modes of the changes in the haemoglobin derivatives were also considerably altered; the effects of this organic phosphate were maximal at acidic pH and minimal at alkaline pH. It was concluded that haemoglobin autoxidation proceeds by first-order kinetics through two paths: and (formula: see text). The reaction rate constants (k+1-k+4) best fitting all experimental values obtained by the isoelectric-focusing analysis were evaluated. By using these values, the mechanism of haemoglobin autoxidation is discussed. PMID- 7316965 TI - The measurement of the intrinsic alkaline Bohr effect of various human haemoglobins by isoelectric focusing. AB - We have used isoelectric focusing to measure the differences between the pI values of various normal and mutant human haemoglobins when completely deoxygenated and when fully liganded with CO. It was assumed that the DeltapI(deox.-ox.) values might correspond quantitatively to the intrinsic alkaline Bohr effect, as most of the anionic cofactors of the haemoglobin molecule are ;stripped' off during the electrophoretic process. In haemoglobins known to exhibit a normal Bohr coefficient (DeltalogP(50)/DeltapH) in solutions, the DeltapI(deox.-ox.) values are lower the higher their respective pI(ox.) values. This indicates that for any particular haemoglobin the DeltapI(deox.-ox.) value accounts for the difference in surface charges at the pH of its pI value. This was confirmed by measuring, by the direct-titration technique, the difference in pH of deoxy and fully liganded haemoglobin A(0) (alpha(2)beta(2)) solutions in conditions approximating those of the isoelectric focusing, i.e. at 5 degrees C and very low concentration of KCl. The variation of the DeltapH(deox. ox.) curve as a function of pH (ox.) was similar to the isoelectric-focusing curve relating the variation of DeltapI(deox.-ox.) versus pI(ox.) in various haemoglobins with Bohr factor identical with that of haemoglobin A(0). In haemoglobin A(0) the DeltapI(deox.-ox.) value is 0.17 pH unit, which corresponds to a difference of 1.20 positive charges between the oxy and deoxy states of the tetrameric haemoglobin. This value compares favourably with the values of the intrinsic Bohr effect estimated in back-titration experiments. The DeltapI(deox. ox.) values of mutant or chemically modified haemoglobins carrying an abnormality at the N- or C-terminus of the alpha-chains are decreased by 30% compared with the DeltapI value measured in haemoglobin A(0). When the C-terminus of the beta chains is altered, as in Hb Nancy (alpha(2)beta(Tyr-145-->Asp) (2)), we observed a 70% decrease in the DeltapI value compared with that measured in haemoglobin A(0). These values are in close agreement with the estimated respective roles of the two major Bohr groups, Val-1alpha and His-146beta, at the origin of the intrinsic alkaline Bohr effect [Kilmartin, Fogg, Luzzana & Rossi-Bernardi (1973) J. Biol. Chem.248, 7039-7043; Perutz, Kilmartin, Nishikura, Fogg, Butler & Rollema (1980) J. Mol. Biol.138, 649-670]. In other mutant haemoglobins it is demonstrated also that the DeltapI(deox.-ox.) value may be decreased or even suppressed when the substitution affects residues involved in the stability of the tetramer. These results support the interpretation proposed by Perutz, Kilmartin, Nishikura, Fogg, Butler & Rollema [(1980), J. Mol. Biol.138, 649-670] for the mechanism of the alkaline Bohr effect, and also indicate that the transition between the two quaternary configurations is a prerequisite for the full expression of the alkaline Bohr effect. PMID- 7316966 TI - The anion-transfer system of erythrocyte membranes. N-(7-Nitrobenzofurazan-4 yl)taurine, a fluorescent substrate-analogue of the system. AB - The fluorescent probe Nbd-Tau [N-(7-nitrobenzofurazan-4-yl)taurine] was synthesized and evaluated as a potential substrate of the anion-transport system of human erythrocyte membrane. The probe inhibited Cl- exchange in a competitive manner from either surface of the membrane, displaying Ki values in the mM range at the inner surface and in the microM range at the outer surface. Inhibition from within cells was via interaction with Cl--transport sites, whereas from it was via interaction with sites of unidentified nature. Nbd-Tau efflux from cells was monitored fluorimetrically in a continuous mode by a novel method that circumvents separation of the cells from the medium. Using this method, it is shown that Nbd-Tau efflux fulfils the following criteria of a substrate of the anion transport system: (a) susceptibility to classical and specific inhibitors of the system; (b) competitive inhibition with Cl- for anion-transport sites; and (c) temperature coefficient comparable with that of Cl- exchange. The fluorometric method is highly sensitive, versatile, and kinetically informative. With minor modifications it can be used for measuring anion transport across "ghost" and isolated membrane vesicles. PMID- 7316968 TI - State of methaemoglobin in normal adults and in patients with hereditary methaemoglobinaemia. AB - The predominance of valency hybrids over fully oxidized methaemoglobin in the haemolysate from a methaemoglobinaemia patient can be explained by random oxidation of the haems, followed by re-assortment and co-migration of equally charged alpha beta-dimers in the electric field of the isoelectric-focusing gel. PMID- 7316967 TI - Characterization of gastric-mucosal membranes. Distribution of lipid- and protein associated amino groups across pig gastric microsomes. AB - Two NH2-reactive probes (2,4,6-trinitrobenzesulphonic acid and 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene) were used to study the vectorial orientation of the membrane associated free NH2 groups across pig gastric microsomal vesicles. Unlike 1 fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid is ordinarily an impermeant probe that becomes permeant in the presence of K+ and valinomycin. Although 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid alone reacts with about 28% of the total microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid in the presence of valinomycin plus K+ or 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene alone reacted with 75% of the phosphatidyl- ethanolamine. Under similar conditions the free NH2 groups associated with the microsomal proteins also exhibited an asymmetric labeling pattern, the intra- and extravesicular orientation being 74 and 26% respectively. PMID- 7316969 TI - Formation of bis(phosphatidyl)inositol and phosphatidic acid by phospholipase D action on phosphatidylinositol. AB - Phosphatidylinositol is readily attacked by phospholipase D. Although some phosphatidic acid is produced by hydrolysis, the main products are bis(phosphatidyl)inositols most likely formed by a transphosphatidylation reaction between two substrate molecules. PMID- 7316970 TI - Demonstration of five major glycoproteins in myelin and myelin subfractions. AB - Myelin was found to contain five major glycoproteins with molecular weights of 120000, 95000, 88000, 43000 and 38000. Light myelin contained only 5-7% of the amount of these glycoproteins in whole myelin, whereas heavy myelin and the membrane fraction contained amounts nearly identical with whole myelin. Since all the major and minor glycoproteins, with the exception of 120000-mol-wt. glycoprotein, were detected only after treating the myelin membrane with neuraminidase, N-acetylneuraminic acid is a terminal sugar residue in these glycoproteins. PMID- 7316971 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy of Forssman hapten. AB - The 13C n.m.r. spectrum of Forssman hapten was obtained at 25.16 MHz in [3H] chloroform/[2H] methanol (1:1, v/v), using purified glycosphinogolipid from canine intestinal mucosa (glycolipid I). All amide, olefin, anomeric, intersaccharide glycosidic ether, amide linkage, methyl and many methylene resonances were resolved and assigned. Analysis of the anomeric region reveals the following pentaglycosylceramide structure as originally proposed [Siddiqui & Hakomori (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 5766-5769]: GalNAc (alpha 1 leads to 3) GalNAc (beta 1 leads to 3) Gal (alpha 1 leads to 4) Gal (beta 1 leads to 1) ceramide. Analysis of the amide, olefin and methylene regions reveals no alpha hydroxy fatty acyl group and less than or equal to 6 mol% unsaturated fatty acyl groups are present. Chemical-shift assignments are reported for the anomeric and glycosidic ether carbon atoms of intersaccharide-linked alpha-galactose and N acetyl-alpha-galactosamine residues. Two rules are proposed for the assignment of the anomeric form of 1 leads to 3 and 1 leads to 4 linkages of galactose and N acetylgalactosamine residues present in the glycone of glyco-conjugates. The present study emphasizes the importance of the anomeric "window" (80-120 p.p.m.) in studies of glycone structure. PMID- 7316972 TI - Variations in the composition of bovine hip articular cartilage with distance from the articular surface. AB - Punch biopsies of bovine hip articular cartilage was sectioned according to depth and the proteoglycans were isolated. The mid-sections of the cartilage contained more proteoglycans than did either the superficial or the deepest portions of the cartilage proteoglycans than did either the superficial or the deepest portions of the cartilage. The most superficial 40 micrometer of the cartilage contained relatively more glucosaminoglycans compared with the remainder of the cartilage. The proteoglycans recovered from the surface 200 micrometer layer contained less chondroitin sulphate, were smaller and almost all of these molecules were able to interact with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates. From about 200 micrometer and down to 1040 micrometer from the surface, the proteoglycans became gradually somewhat smaller, probably owing to decreasing size of the chondroitin sulphate rich region. The proportion of molecules that were able to interact with the hyaluronic acid was about 90% and remained constant with depth. The proteoglycans from the deepest layer near the cartilage-bone junction contained a large proportion of non-aggregating molecules, and the average size of the proteoglycans was somewhat larger. The alterations of proteoglycan structure observed with increasing depth of the articular cartilage beneath the surface layer (to 200 micrometer) are of the same nature as those observed with increasing age in full-thickness articular cartilage. The articular-cartilage proteoglycans were smaller and had much higher keratan sulphate and protein contents that did molecules isolated from bovine nasal or tracheal cartilage. PMID- 7316973 TI - Charge screening by cations affects the conformation of the mitochondrial inner membrane. A study of exogenous MAD(P)H oxidation in plant mitochondria. AB - Cations caused a decrease in the apparent Km and an increase in the Vmax. for the oxidation of exogenous NADH by both Jerusalem-artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and Arum maculatum (cuckoo-pint) mitochondria prepared and suspended in a low cation medium (approximately or equal to 1 mM-K+). In Arum mitochondria the addition of cations caused a much greater stimulation of the oxidation of NAD(P)H via the cytochrome oxidase pathway than via the alternative, antimycin insensitive, pathway. This shows that cations affected a rate-limiting step in the electron-transport chain at or beyond ubiquinone, the branch-point of electron transport in plant mitochondria. The effects were only dependent on the valency of the cation (efficiency C3+ greater than C2+ greater than C+) and not on its chemical nature, which is consistent with the theory of the diffuse layer. The results are interpreted to show that the screening of fixed negative membrane changes on lipids and protein complexes causes a conformational change in the mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to a change in a rate-limiting step of NAD(P)H oxidation. More specifically, it is proposed that screening removes electrostatic restrictions on lateral diffusion and thus accelerates diffusion limited steps in electron transport. PMID- 7316974 TI - The probability that complex enzyme kinetic curves can be caused by activators of inhibitors. AB - Numerous chemical compounds are known that alter the rate of conversion of substrates into products in enzyme-catalysed reactions by interacting with the enzyme rather than substrates. Where this takes place in such a way that the effect is reversible on removing the compound, say by dialysis, and where the compound is unchanged chemically by the enzyme system, we refer to such a compound as a modifier. So protons, inorganic salts, activators, inhibitors or even specific allosteric effectors would all be modifiers, and any chemically reasonable kinetic scheme that is proposed to account for such effects is referred to as modifier mechanism. Three versions of a modifier mechanism of enzyme action are studied. The implicit representation is 2:2 in [S] (with alpha(0)=0) and 2:2 in [M] (with alpha(0) not equal0), and this is a short-hand scheme for the minimum chemical formulation, the explicit one, involving discrete ES and EP species, which is 2:2 in [S] (with alpha(0)=0) and 3:3 in [M] (with alpha(0) not equal0). If m extra steps are allowed between interconversion of ES and EP species, the degree of the rate equation remains 2:2 in [S] (with alpha(0)=0), but increases to degree (m+3):(m+3) in modifier (with alpha(0) not equal0). It is proved that this increase in degree is genuine and that highly complex v([M]) (i.e. v-versus-[M]) curves can occur. Computation of the probabilities of the five possible double-reciprocal plots in 1/v versus 1/[S] show that all of these formulations of the modifier mechanism give similar probabilities, and these are characteristic for the mechanism and quite distinct from the intrinsic curve-shape probabilities. It is also established that the probabilities of alternative complex v([M]) plots are similar for the various formulations, and again the probabilities of the allowed complex curves for the mechanism are quite distinct from the instrinsic probabilities of the ten possible v([M]) curves for a 2:2 function (with alpha(0) not equal0). The computer studies reported lead to several conclusions about the probability of modifiers leading to inhibition or activation or causing changes in v([S]) curve shapes, and suggest that differentiation between model mechanisms may be facilitated by knowledge of the intrinsic curve-shape probabilities for the appropriate degree rational function and the characteristic way that this is altered by specific mechanisms. It is shown that, although in some instances new curve-shape complexities are possible when schemes are considered that allow for interconversion of ES and EP species, these are highly improbable and, for theoretical purposes, schemes formulated with node compression provide good approximations to the more complicated explicit schemes. By node compression we refer to the procedure whereby enzyme kinetic schemes are simplified by replacing sequences of steps such as ESright harpoon over left harpoonX(1)right harpoon over left harpoonX(2)right harpoon over left harpoon...right harpoon over left harpoonEP... by a single step... ES/EP... that does not formally recognize the existence of the intermediate species. We show that the modifier mechanism studied is one where this process alters the form of the rate equation. PMID- 7316975 TI - Effects of aliphatic fatty acids on the binding of Phenol Red to human serum albumin. AB - Binding of Phenol Red to human serum albumin at pH 7.0 was studied by ultrafiltration (n1 = 1, K1 = 3.9 X 1-(4) M-1, n2 = 5, K2 = 9.6 X 10(2) M-1). The presence of 1 mol of octanoate or decanoate per mol of albumin caused a decrease in dye binding (dye/protein molar ratio 1:1), which, in contrast with additional fatty acid, was very pronounced: 1-8 mol of palmitate or stearate resulted in a small, and apparently linear, displacement of Phenol Red. The displacement effect of 1-5 mol of oleate, linoleate or linolenate per mol of albumin was comparable with that of the equimolar concentrations of palmitate or stearate. A higher molar ratios the unsaturated acids caused a drastic decrease in dye binding. The different Phenol Red-displacement effects of low molar ratios of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids indicate that these acids have different high-affinity binding sites. In accordance with this proposal, low concentrations of stearate had only a small effect on the Phenol Red-displacement effect of octanoate. Phenol Red-binding curves in the presence of 1 mol of octanoate, 8 mol of stearate and 6 or 7 mol of linolenate per mol of albumin respectively indicated that the dye and the fatty acids do not complete for a common primary binding site. In contrast, a secondary Phenol Red-binding site could be identical with the primary octanoate-binding site. Furthermore, the primary Phenol Red-binding site could be the same as a secondary linolenate-binding site. Assignment of the different primary binding sites for Phenol Red and for medium-chain and long chain fatty acids to a model of the secondary structure of albumin is attempted. PMID- 7316976 TI - L-Lactate dehydrogenase from leaves of higher plants. Kinetics and regulation of the enzyme from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). AB - 1. L-Lactate dehydrogenase from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by affinity chromatography. 2. In addition to its NAD(H)-dependent activity with L-lactate and pyruvate, the enzyme also catalyses the reduction of hydroxypyruvate and glyoxylate. The latter activities are not due to a contamination of the enzyme preparations with hydroxypyruvate reductase. 3. The enzyme shows allosteric properties that are markedly by the pH. 4. ATP is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme. The kinetic data suggest that the inhibition by ATP is competitive with respect to NADH at pH 7.0 and 6.2. The existence of regulatory binding sites for ATP and NADH is discussed. 5. Bivalent metal cations and fructose 6-phosphate relieve the ATP inhibition of the enzyme. 6. A function of leaf L-lactate dehydrogenase is proposed as a component of the systems regulating the cellular pH and/or controlling the concentration of reducing equivalents in the cytoplasm of leaf cells. PMID- 7316977 TI - Isolation and properties of a lectin from the seeds of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth). AB - The lectin of the seeds of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), which selectively binds murine cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, was purified by simple affinity chromatographic procedures on two different N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminyl carriers. The lectin thus obtained is homogeneous on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis both in acid and alkaline media and has a mol. wt. of approx. 120000. The lectin molecule appears to comprise four subunits of equal electrophoretic mobility, contains 4.3% of covalently bound neutral sugar and 0.72 Mn and 0.94 Zn atoms respectively. The anti-(blood-group A1) specific erythroagglutinating activity of the lectin can be detected at a limit concentration of 15 microgram/ml and is inhibitable most effectively by N-acetyl D-galactosamine. PMID- 7316978 TI - The role of the hydroxy amino acid in the triplet sequence Asn-Xaa-Thr(Ser) for the N-glycosylation step during glycoprotein biosynthesis. AB - The catalytical role of the hydroxy amino acid in the "marker sequence" Asn-Xaa Thr(Ser) for the N-glycosylation step of glycoprotein formation was investigated by using a series of hexapeptides derived from Tyr-Asn-Gly-Xaa-Ser-Val by substituting threonine, serine, cysteine, valine and O-methylthreonine respectively for Xaa. The results, which were obtained with calf liver microsomal fractions as enzyme source and dolichyl diphosphate di-N-acetyl [14C] chitobiose as glycosyl donor showed that the threonine-, serine- and cysteine-containing derivatives could be glycosylated, although at very different rates, whereas the valine and O-methylthreonine analogues did not work as glycosyl acceptors. Replacement of threonine by serine resulted in a 4-fold decrease in Vmax, and about a 10-fold increase in Km for glycosyl transfer. Replacement of serine by cysteine again decreased acceptor activity 2-3-fold. The various results, taken together, indicate an absolute requirement for a hydrogen-bond-donor function in the side chain of the hydroxy amino acid of the "marker sequence" and furthermore, point to a considerable influence of the structure of this amino acid on binding as well as on the glycosyl transfer itself. In order to explain the observed differences in the glycosyl-transfer rates, a model is proposed with a hydrogen-bond interaction between the amide of asparagine as the hydrogen-bond donor and the oxygen of the hydroxy group of the hydroxy amino acid as the hydrogen-bond acceptor. The participation of the hydroxy group in the catalytic mechanism of glycosyl transfer in the kind of proton-relay system is discussed. PMID- 7316979 TI - Structure of carbohydrate unit A or porcine thyroglobulin. AB - The unit A-type glycopeptides were purified from porcine thyroglobulin by Pronase digestion followed by chromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. These glycopeptides were separated into five fractions (UA-I, -II, -IV and -V) by Dowex 50W (X2) column chromatography. Fractions UA-I, -II, -III, -IV and -V were found to have the compositions (Man)9(GlcNAc)2-Asn, (Man)8(GlcNAc)2-Asn, (Man)7(GlcNAc)2-Asn, (Man)6(GlcNAc)2-Asn and (Man)5(GlcNAc)2-Asn respectively. The structures of these five fractions were investigated by the combination of exo- and endo-glycosidase digestions, methylation analysis. Smith periodate degradation and acetolysis. The results showed that fraction UA-V had the simplest structure: see formula in text. The larger glycopeptides (fractions UA I, -II, -III and -IV) contained additional mannose residues alpha (1 leads to 2) linked to the terminal mannose residues in the above core structure. These unit A type glycopeptides appear to be biosynthetic intermediates that are to be processed to form complex-type glycopeptides (unit B-type sugar chains). PMID- 7316980 TI - The structure of carbohydrate unit B of porcine thyroglobulin. AB - The oligosaccharide fraction was obtained from porcine thyroglobulin by hydrazinolysis. Four fractions of unit B-type oligosaccharides were purified by successive chromatographies on columns of DEAE-cellulose and concanavalin A Sepharose, and their structures were investigated by the combination of endo- and exo-glycosidase digestions, methylation analysis and Smith degradation. From the results of these studies, the structures of the unit B oligosaccharides were proposed to be as follows: see formula in text. Thus the glycoprotein was found to have triantennary and biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides as acidic sugar chains. Concerning the triantennary oligosaccharides, the following structural features were shown: (1) the sialic acid residues were not localized on certain specific branches but distributed on all three branches; (2) however, alpha (2 leads to 3)-linked sialic acid residues were exclusively located on the terminal of the branch arising from C-4 of the branching alpha-mannose residue, whereas alpha (2 leads to 6)-linked sialic acid residues occupied terminals of the other branches; (3) the outer branching alpha-mannose residue was attached to C-3 or C-6 of an inner branching beta-linked mannose residue, and both types were observed to exist. PMID- 7316981 TI - Evidence for an essential arginine residue at the active site of ATP citrate lyase from rat liver. AB - Rat liver ATP citrate lyase was inactivated by 2, 3-butanedione and phenylglyoxal. Phenylglyoxal caused the most rapid and complete inactivation of enzyme activity in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine-ethanesulphonic acid buffer, pH 8. Inactivation by both butanedione and phenylglyoxal was concentration dependent and followed pseudo- first-order kinetics. Phenylglyoxal also decreased autophosphorylation (catalytic phosphate) of ATP citrate lyase. Inactivation by phenylglyoxal and butanedione was due to the modification of enzyme arginine residues: the modified enzyme failed to bind to CoA-agarose. The V declined as a function of inactivation, but the Km values were unaltered. The substrates, CoASH and CoASH plus citrate, protected the enzyme significantly against inactivation, but ATP provided little protection. Inactivation with excess reagent modified about eight arginine residues per monomer of enzyme. Citrate, CoASH and ATP protected two to three arginine residues from modification by phenylglyoxal. Analysis of the data by statistical methods suggested that the inactivation was due to modification of one essential arginine residue per monomer of lyase, which was modified 1.5 times more rapidly than were the other arginine residues. Our results suggest that this essential arginine residue is at the CoASH binding site. PMID- 7316982 TI - The regulatory properties of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase. The effect of pH. AB - The regulatory behavior of rabbit pyruvate kinase has been studied as a function of pH. The initial velocity of the enzyme-catalysed reaction as a function of ADP concentration was analysed with the exponential model for a regulatory enzyme. The analysis of the exponential model parameters as functions of pH provided pK values of 6.6 and 8.08 for the free enzyme in its fully ADP-bound conformation. By contrast, the binding of ADP to the ADP-free conformation of the free enzyme did not involve groups that ionize within the pH range (6.2-8.5) of these experiments. The results suggest that homotropic allosteric interactions actually alter the mode of ADP binding. The pK values of 6.63 and 9.00 determined from the analysis of V as a function of pH are readily interpreted in terms of a direct phosphoryl-transfer mechanism in which the beta-phosphoryl group of ADP (pK 6.63) acts as the nucleophile and a lysine epsilon-amino group (pK 9.0) acts as the proton donor in the pyruvate kinase reaction. PMID- 7316983 TI - Autocatalytic alkylation of the cytochrome P-450 prosthetic haem group by 1 aminobenzotriazole. Isolation of an NN-bridged benzyne-protoporphyrin IX adduct. AB - Destruction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 during catalytic processing of 1-amino benzotriazole is accompanied by an equal loss of microsomal haem but not by loss of cytochrome b5, or stimulation of lipid peroxidation. An abnormal porphyrin, tentatively identified as an NN-bridged benzyne-protoporphyrin IX adduct, appears to be formed by the addition of catalytically generated benzyne to prosthetic haem. PMID- 7316984 TI - Inhibition of dihydropteridine reductase by dopamine. AB - Dihydropteridine reductase has been purified 900-fold from rat liver. Dopamine inhibited the enzyme up to 50% at a concentration of 0.11mm. In the presence of dopamine the enzyme gave non-hyperbolic v-against-[S] plots. This enzyme may have a role in control of dopamine biosynthesis. PMID- 7316985 TI - Turnover of the creatine kinase subunits in chicken myogenic cell cultures and in fibroblasts. AB - The rates of degradation of creatine kinase subunits, M-CK and B-CK subunits, were measured in cultured myogenic cells and in subcultured fibroblasts. In differentiated myogenic cells, the myotubes, both M-CK and B-CK subunits are synthesized. Their rates of degradation were compared. The M-CK subunits is slightly more stable and is degraded with an average apparent half-life of 75 h, whereas that of the B-CK subunit was shorter with 63 h. The turnover properties of M-CK subunit from soluble and of myofibril-bound MM-CK homodimeric creatine kinase isoenzyme isolated from breast muscle of young chickens were identical. The apparent half-life of the B-CK subunit was also determined in subcultured fibroblasts and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-treated cells, and found to be shorter than in myotubes (46 h and 37 h respectively). Similar observations were made for myosin heavy chain, actin and total acid-precipitable material. It appears therefore that proteins are in general degraded more slowly in differentiated myogenic cells. The differences in the stability of M-CK and B-CK subunits in myotubes probably do not reflect a major regulatory mechanism of the creatine kinase isoenzyme transition. PMID- 7316986 TI - Growth-rate-dependent adjustment of ribosome function in the fungus Mucor racemosus. AB - The dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus was grown at rates between 0.043 and 0.434 doubling/h while maintained as yeasts or at rates between 0.21 and 0.50 doubling/h while maintained as hyphae by altering the composition of the growth medium or the gaseous environment of the cells. Yeasts at the higher growth rates contained many more ribosomes than did yeasts at the lower growth rates. They also had a higher percentage of ribosomes active in protein synthesis and a faster rate of polypeptide-chain elongation than did the slower-growing cells. Hyphal cells at faster growth rates also contained many more ribosomes and showed a faster rate of polypeptide-chain elongation than did slower-growing cells. However, the faster-growing cells had a substantially lower proportion of ribosomes active in protein synthesis than did the slower-growing hyphae. Pulse chase experiments failed to provide any evidence of protein turnover, which might otherwise invalidate the values calculated for the peptide-chain elongation rates. PMID- 7316987 TI - Studies on the efflux of metalloporphyrin from rat liver mitochondria. Effect of K+ and other cations. AB - The mechanism by which metalloporphyrins synthesized within the mitochondria escape to the incubation medium was studied in isolated rat liver mitochondria. In a low-ionic-strength sucrose medium, the efflux of metalloporphyrins is markedly decreased when K+ (greater than 10 mM) is added. The effect of K+ is not dependent on the energy state of the mitochondria and it can in part be abolished by adding globin, but not albumin. K+ also decreases the uptake of porphyrins by the mitochondria and thereby the rate of synthesis of metalloporphyrins. Qualitatively similar results are found with Na+, Li+, Mg2+ and Ca2+. Quantitatively, however, the efficiency of cations to inhibit the release of metalloporphyrins decreases in the order: Mg2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than K+ greater than Li+ greater than Na+. Co-protoporhyrin behaves essentially as Co deuteroporphyrin. The results provide further evidence that the efflux of metalloporphyrins from the mitochondria depends on haem-binding ligands of the suspending medium and also on the ionic strength of the incubation medium. PMID- 7316988 TI - The regulation of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase of liver, kidney and heart by phosphorylation. AB - 1. Incubation of mitochondria from heart, liver and kidney with [32P]phosphate allowed 32P incorporation into two intramitochondrial proteins, the decarboxylase alpha-subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (mol.wt 42000) and a protein of mol.wt. 48000. 2. This latter protein incorporated 32P more slowly than did pyruvate dehydrogenase, was not precipitated by antibody to pyruvate dehydrogenase and showed behaviour distinct from that of pyruvate dehydrogenase towards high-speed centrifugation and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase. 3. 32P incorporation into the protein was greatly diminished by the presence of 0.1 mM-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, but enhanced by pyruvate (1 mM), hypo-osmotic treatment of mitochondria and, under some conditions, by uncoupler. 4. The activity of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase was assayed in parallel experiments. Under appropriate conditions the enzyme was inhibited when 32P incorporation was increased and activated when incorporation was decreased. The data suggest that the 48000-mol.wt. phosphorylated protein is identical with the decarboxylase subunit of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase and that this enzyme may be controlled by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle akin to that for pyruvate dehydrogenase. 5. Strict correlation between activity and 32P incorporation was not observed, and a scheme for the regulation of the enzyme is proposed to account for these discrepancies. PMID- 7316989 TI - Identification of the protein responsible for pyruvate transport into rat liver and heart mitochondria by specific labelling with [3H]N-phenylmaleimide. AB - 1. N-Phenylmaleimide irreversibly inhibits pyruvate transport into rat heart and liver mitochondria to a much greater extent than does N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetate or bromopyruvate. alpha-Cyanocinnamate protects the pyruvate transporter from attack by this thiol-blocking reagent. 2. In both heart and liver mitochondria alpha-cyanocinnamate diminishes labelling by [3H]N phenylmaleimide of a membrane protein of subunit mol.wt. 15000 on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 3. Exposure of mitochondrial to unlabelled N-phenylmaleimide in the presence of alpha-cyanocinnamate, followed by removal of alpha-cyanocinnamate and exposure to [3H]N-phenylmaleimide, produced specific labelling of the same protein. 4. Both labelling and kinetic experiments with inhibitors gave values for the approximate amount of carrier present in liver and heart mitochondria of 100 and 450 pmol/mg of mitochondrial protein respectively. 5. The turnover numbers for net pyruvate transport and pyruvate exchange at 0 degrees C were 6 and 200 min-1 respectively. PMID- 7316991 TI - On the insensitivity of sheep to the almost complete microbial destruction of dietary choline before alimentary-tract absorption. AB - 1. Injection of [Me-14C]choline into sheep indicated that the small amount of phosphatidylcholine present in abomasal digesta was largely (69%) of non-dietary or ruminal origin. 2. Long-term feeding of [Me-3H]choline to sheep produced insignificant labelling of plasma phosphatidylcholine, indicating that more than 99% of the choline body pool was of non-dietary origin. 3. In contrast, when rats were fed with [Me-3H]choline for similar periods, 18-54% of the tissue phosphatidylcholine was derived from dietary choline. 4. The loss of [14C]choline and 32P from the plasma phosphatidylcholine after a single injection of these isotopes indicated a markedly slower turnover of choline in the sheep compared with the rat. This observation, coupled with a lack of liver glycerophosphocholine diesterase, provides an explanation for the insensitivity of the sheep to an almost complete microbial destruction of dietary choline before alimentary-tract absorption. PMID- 7316990 TI - High-affinity binding of lower-density lipoproteins to chicken oocyte membranes. AB - Oocyte membrane fragments bind specifically radioiodinated VLD lipoprotein (very low density lipoprotein) and LD lipoprotein (low-density lipoprotein). Competitive binding assays showed 2-3 times more VLD lipoprotein than LD lipoprotein bound at 4 degrees C. Equilibrium-binding data revealed the presence of one class of non-interacting sites for VLD lipoprotein (kD 12 microgram/ml) and co-operative binding for LD lipoprotein. The binding of VLD lipoprotein showed a distinct pH maximum at 5.3, whereas an indistinct maximum at about pH 7.3 was observed for LD lipoprotein. Unlabelled VLD lipoprotein did compete with 125I-labelled LD lipoprotein binding, but unlabelled LD lipoprotein did not compete with 125I-labelled VLD lipoprotein binding. VLD lipoprotein binding was inhibited by HD lipoprotein (high-density lipoprotein), but not by lysozyme, collagen, poly-L-lysine or poly-L-arginine; LD lipoprotein binding was inhibited by lysozyme and collagen, but not by HD lipoprotein. On the basis of these studies, we suggest that: (1) VLD lipoprotein and LD lipoprotein enter the oocytes by a receptor-mediated transport mechanism; (2) the receptors for VLD lipoprotein and LD lipoprotein are distinct; and (3) the binding of LD lipoprotein to chicken oocyte membranes differs from that to other cell types. PMID- 7316993 TI - The distribution and metabolism of glycerol in the rabbit. AB - 1. The effective volume of distribution of labelled glycerol was studied in conscious young adult rabbits provided with in-dwelling cannulae in the femoral blood vessels. This could be estimated after sampling arterial blood throughout an intravenous infusion of [2-3H]glycerol. The volume was calculated by using an algebraic method of graphical area analysis over 100 min of equilibration, and is symbolized 100V e or 100V e%. It occupied 34.1 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 13) of the body weight. The pool of endogenous glycerol occupying this space is distinguished in the present paper by calling it the transit pool, symbolized 100Me. 2. The median time of transit of glycerol through this pool was approx. 6 min in these conscious rabbits with normal (less than 0.2 mM) blood glycerol concentrations. 3. The metabolism of glycerol was also studied in rabbits while anaesthetized with urethane or while conscious. On average, half of the change in glycerol concentration that occurred on overnight starvation could be attributed to a decrease in clearance, whereas half was due to an increase in lipolysis. 4. The correlation between the reciprocal of glycerol concentration and clearance showed that in these animals about a quarter of the variation in concentration was due to an association with clearance. The remainder of the variation was attributed to variations in the rate of glycerol formation (lipolysis). 5. The regression of glycerol turnover rate on concentration implied that turnover was positive at zero glycerol concentration. This confirms previous findings from studies on other species. The explanation offered for this phenomenon is that the well-known physiological changes induced by feeding (decreased lipolysis, increased splanchnic blood flow) may independently decrease the glycerol concentration by both decreasing its release into the blood and simultaneously increasing its clearance. PMID- 7316992 TI - Calcitonin binding and degradation by two cultured human breast cancer cell lines (MCF 7 and T 47D). AB - Two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF 7 and T 47D) possess calcitonin responsive adenylate cyclase systems. Suspended cells of both lines specifically bound 125I-labelled salmon calcitonin with mean dissociation constants of 1.7 nM (MCF 7) and 1.4 nM (T 47D); mean receptor numbers were 5300 and 24400 per cell respectively. Measurement of specific binding to MCF 7 cells was obscured by rapid and substantial degradation of the labelled hormone. Degradation of 125I labelled salmon calcitonin: (i) was of high capacity; (ii) lacked the specificity displayed by 125I-labelled salmon calcitonin binding to the same cells; and (iii) was not related to binding since cell incubation supernatants retained full degrading activity. The degrading activity was inhibited by corticotropin (1-24) tetracosapeptide, insulin and bacitracin. Inclusion of bacitracin in the incubation resulted in apparently fewer numbers of lower affinity receptors on MCF 7 cells, whereas these parameters were identical to T 47D cells incubated in the presence or absence of bacitracin. Eel [2-aminosuberic acid 1,7]-calcitonin was resistant to proteolysis in the presence of either cell line. Analysis of hormone-receptor interactions with calcitonin-responsive cells should take account of potent calcitonin-degrading activities in some cell lines. PMID- 7316994 TI - The relationship of the oestrogen and progestin receptors in the abnormal uterus of the adult anovulatory rat. Effects of neonatal treatment with testosterone propionate or clomiphene citrate. AB - The neonatal administration of testosterone propionate to Wistar rats resulted in anovulatory adults in persistent vaginal oestrus. Clomiphene citrate had a similar effect. In both groups of adults, hyperplasia of the uterine epithelium and occasional metaplasia was observed. The uterine nuclear and cytosol oestrogen and progestin receptors of these anovulatory rats were found to have affinities for their respective ligands similar to those of normal females. The nuclear oestrogen receptor comprised occupied and unoccupied components, as in normal females. The content of the nuclear oestrogen receptor was comparable with that of females in the late dioestrous or pro-oestrous phase. This content was higher in the clomiphene-treated group. Despite the relatively high nuclear oestrogen receptor content the content of progestin receptors, a putative index of the oestrogenic response, was lower in the treated rats than in normal adult females throughout the cycle. Administration of oestradiol to both treatment groups resulted in depletion of cytosol oestrogen receptor content 1 h later, which, however, was not reflected by an increase in the content of nuclear oestrogen receptors. There was no measurable increase in progesterone receptor content in treated rats after daily administration of oestrogen (5 microgram/rat) for 3 days. These changes in sex-hormone-receptor interactions involving an impairment of the normal oestrogenic response may be associated with the abnormal differentiation of the uterus in these sterile, anovulatory animals. PMID- 7316995 TI - Heterogeneity of guinea-pig caseins synthesized and sequestered by cell-free protein-synthesizing systems. AB - 1. Individual mRNA species encoding guinea-pigs caseins A, B and C, and alpha lactalbumin, were purified by hydridization to recombinant milk-protein plasmid DNA immobilized on diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper or diazobenzyloxymethyl-cellulose. Addition of the purified mRNA species to a reticulocyte-lysate cell-free system, in the presence or absence of a dog pancreas microsomal membrane fraction, established a precursor-product relationship between the primary translation products and those sequestered within microsomal vesicles, as determined by polyacrylamide-gel analysis in one and two dimensions. 2. Three sequestered variants of sequestered casein A were identified, but only single forms of sequestered casein B and alpha-lactalbumin. Sequestered variants of casein C proved to be unexpectedly basic, and did not focus on the pH gradient utilized. 3. Comparative analysis of milk proteins synthesized in the reticulocyte-lysate and wheat-germ cell-free systems by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated both quantitative and qualitative differences. In particular, marked but variable heterogeneity was apparent within the primary translation products of casein A and casein B. Pre-casein C did not focus. Limited N-terminal processing of the primary translation products was also evident. These observations are discussed in relation to (i) unscheduled post-translational modifications by cell-free protein-synthesizing systems and (ii) multiplicity of signal sequences. 4. Overall we demonstrate that complex precursor-product relationships between primary translation products and their sequestered variants, programmed in vitro by a mixed mRNA population, may be readily analysed by using individual mRNA sequences purified by hybridization to immobilized cloned complementary-DNA sequences. PMID- 7316996 TI - Destruction of liver haem by norethindrone. Conversion into green pigments. AB - 1. Factors affecting the norethindrone-mediated conversion of hepatic haem into green pigments have been studied in the rat. Concentrations of haem and green pigments were estimated spectrophotometrically after esterification and separation by silica gel high-pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). 2. Accumulation of green pigments in the liver was dependent on the dose of steroid and the time after dosing, maximum values being reached after 4-8h. Phenobarbitone pretreatment of rats resulted in an 8-fold increase in the concentration of green pigments at these times. 3. In microsomal systems in vitro, the formation of green pigments in the presence of NADPH and norethindrone was also dependent on the concentration of steroid and incubation times. Reaction rates very rapidly became non-linear with time, consistent with the self catalysed destruction of the form(s) of cytochrome P-450 responsible for the metabolic activation of norethindrone. Microsomal mixtures incubated for a short period of time (1min) with norethindrone gave only one green-pigment peak after h.p.l.c. Longer incubation times gave four or five additional green pigments. Results suggested that multiple green pigments may arise by metabolic transformation of a single precursor. 4. When liver haem was prelabelled with (14)C by using 5-amino[4-(14)C]laevulinic acid, subsequent dosing with norethindrone in vivo gave rise to three major (14)C-labelled-green-pigment peaks on h.p.l.c. None of these components had the same retention times as the green pigments produced by microsomal fractions in vitro. 5. When liver haem was prelabelled with (59)Fe by using (59)FeCl(3), norethindrone administration resulted in the detection of (59)Fe-labelled green pigments if subsequent esterification was carried out under neutral conditions with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate, but not when carried out under acidic conditions with methanol/H(2)SO(4). These results suggested that green pigments normally contain chelated iron and that metal-free green pigments are not produced by the liver. PMID- 7316997 TI - Myofibrillar protein degradation in the chicken. 3-Methylhistidine release in vivo and in vitro in normal and genetically muscular-dystrophic chickens. AB - Myofibrillar protein degradation was measured in 4-week-old normal (line 412) and genetically muscular-dystrophic (line 413) New Hampshire chickens by monitoring the rates of 3-methylhistidine excretion in vivo and in vitro. A method of perfusing breast and wing muscles was developed and the rate of 3-methylhistidine release in vitro was measured between 30 and 90min of perfusion. During this perfusion period, 3-methylhistidine release from the muscle preparation was linear, indicating that changes in 3-methylhistidine concentration of the perfusate were the result of myofibrillar protein degradation. Furthermore, the viability of the perfused muscle was maintained during this interval. After 60min of perfusion, ATP, ADP and creatine phosphate concentrations in pectoral muscle were similar to muscle freeze-clamped in vivo. Rates of glucose uptake and lactate production were constant during the perfusion. In dystrophic-muscle preparations, the rate of 3-methylhistidine release in vitro (nmol/h per g of dried muscle) was elevated 2-fold when compared with that in normal muscle. From these data the fractional degradation rates of myofibrillar protein in normal and dystrophic pectoral muscle were calculated to be 12 and 24% respectively. Daily 3 methylhistidine excretion (nmol/day per g body wt.) in vivo was elevated 1.35 fold in dystrophic chickens. Additional studies revealed that the anti-dystrophic drugs diphenylhydantoin and methylsergide, which improve righting ability of dystrophic chickens, did not alter 3-methylhistidine release in vitro. This result implies that changes in myofibrillar protein turnover are not the primary lesion in avian muscular dystrophy. From tissue amino acid analysis, the myofibrillar 3-methylhistidine content per g dry weight of muscle was similar in normal and dystrophic pectoral muscle. More than 96% of the 3-methylhistidine present in pectoral muscle was associated with the myofibrillar fraction. Dystrophic myofibrillar protein contained significantly less 3-methylhistidine (nmol/g of myofibrillar protein) than protein from normal muscle. This observation supports the hypothesis that there may be a block in the biochemical maturation and development of dystrophic muscle after hatching. Free 3 methylhistidine (nmol/g wet wt.) was elevated in dystrophic muscle, whereas blood 3-methylhistidine concentrations were similar in both lines. In summary, the increased myofibrillar protein catabolism demonstrated in dystrophic pectoral muscle correlates with the increased lysosomal cathepsin activity in this tissue as reported by others. PMID- 7316999 TI - The use of clustering techniques in the elucidation or confirmation of metabolic pathways. Application to the branched-chain fatty acids present in the milk fat of lactating goats. AB - The aim of this paper is 2-fold. (1) To propose the use of a group of mathematical techniques, called clustering, in the elucidation of complex metabolic relationships. (2) To apply clustering for the identification of related groups of saturated fatty acids having a common metabolic pathway for their biosynthesis in the milk fat of lactating goats. In this way, four groups of branched-chain fatty acids and two groups of straight-chain fatty acids are identified; the odd-numbered iso-, the even-numbered iso-, the anteiso-acids and the branched-chain fatty acids with methyl substitution in the chain, the odd numbered straight-chain and the even-numbered straight-chain fatty acids. The long-chain fatty acids are not part of any group. The different metabolic pathways for their biosynthesis are discussed. From the results, it is concluded that clustering is indeed a potentially useful tool in the study of complex metabolic relationships. PMID- 7316998 TI - The influence of nerve section on the metabolism of polyamines in rat diaphragm muscle. AB - Concentrations of spermidine, spermine and putrescine have been measured in rat diaphragm muscle after unilateral nerve section. The concentration of putrescine increased approx. 10-fold 2 days after nerve section, that of spermidine about 3 fold by day 3, whereas an increase in the concentration of spermine was only observed after 7-10 days. It was not possible to show enhanced uptake of either exogenous putrescine or spermidine by the isolated tissue during the hypertrophy. Consistent with the accumulation of putrescine, activity of ornithine decarboxylase increased within 1 day of nerve section, was maximally elevated by the second day and then declined. Synthesis of spermidine from [14C]putrescine and either methionine or S-adenosylmethionine bt diaphragm cytosol rose within 1 day of nerve section, but by day 3 had returned to normal or below normal values. Activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase similarly increased within 1 day of nerve section, but by day 3 had declined to below normal values. Activity of methionine adenosyltransferase was elevated throughout the period studied. The concentration of S-adenosylmethionine was likewise enhanced during hypertrophy. Administration of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) produced a marked increase in adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity and a large increase in putrescine concentration, but did not prevent the rise in spermidine concentration produced by denervation. Possible regulatory mechanisms of polyamine metabolism consistent with the observations are discussed. PMID- 7317000 TI - Metabolism of sitosterol by a Pseudomonas species. AB - Fermentation of sitosterol by a Pseudomonas species (SK-25) resulted in the formation of 5-stigmastene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol; 5,6 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha stigmastan-3 beta-ol; 5,6 beta-epoxy-5 beta-stigmastan-3 beta-ol and 5 alpha stigmastan-3 beta, 5,6 beta-triol. The metabolites were characterized by a variety of conventional chemical and spectrometric techniques. PMID- 7317003 TI - Important sites of lipogenesis in the mouse other than liver and white adipose tissue. AB - The musculature of the shoulders and back has been identified as a major site of fatty acid synthesis in mice. PMID- 7317001 TI - Glucose turnover during pregnancy in anaesthetized post-absorptive rats. AB - During pregnancy the decline in blood [glucose] does not result from the increased distribution space of glucose. The absolute rate of glucose turnover increases in late pregnancy in parallel with the rise in the mass of the conceptus. Nevertheless, glucose turnover per kg body wt. is not increased in late pregnancy, since the lower blood [glucose] decreases glucose utilization by maternal tissues. PMID- 7317002 TI - Rates of triacylglycerol entry into the circulation in the lactating rat. AB - The rate of entry of triacylglycerols into the circulation in lactating rats decreased after parturition and increased in mid-lactation. The decrease in entry rate after parturition may contribute to the disappearance of the hyperlipaemia of pregnancy. A method is described for the determination of the rate of entry in vivo of both triacylglycerols and lipid synthesized de novo. PMID- 7317004 TI - Dansyl (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)-heparin binds antithrombin III and platelet factor 4 at separate sites. AB - Antithrombin III binds to, and thereby augments the fluorescence of, dansyl-(5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)-heparin; platelet factor 4 binding to the fluorescent heparin has little of this effect. Competition studies in which antithrombin III competes with platelet factor 4 for heparin binding demonstrate that heparin can simultaneously bind both proteins. PMID- 7317005 TI - Identification of Limulus polyphemus haemocyanin messenger RNA. AB - Total RNA was isolated from cyanoblast-containing tissue taken from behind the compound eye of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. Poly(A)-containing RNA separated from this by affinity chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose was translated in the rabbit reticulocyte haemolysate system in the presence of L [35S]methionine. By using an antiserum to Limulus haemocyanin, polypeptides were isolated from the translation products which had a similar mobility to the authentic Limulus haemocyanin polypeptides as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. PMID- 7317006 TI - Compartmental distribution of beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes in I-cell fibroblasts. AB - A characteristic of the human lysosomal disorder I-cell disease is an abnormal excretion of most lysosomal hydrolases, including beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30; beta-hexosaminidase) by cultured skin fibroblasts. Treatment of I cell cultures with cycloheximide or tunicamycin demonstrated that (1) I-cell fibroblasts rapidly excrete all newly synthesized beta-hexosaminidase, (2) two qualitatively distinct pools of beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes exist inside I cell fibroblasts, one of which is a rapid-turnover excretory pool, and (3) the induction of an abnormal glycosylation of beta-hexosaminidase by tunicamycin in normal or I-cell fibroblast cultures does not affect subsequent excretion of the enzyme. PMID- 7317008 TI - Characterization of brush borders purified in iso-osmotic medium and microvillar membranes subfractionated from mouse small intestine. AB - Brush borders free of nuclei were isolated by repeated homogenization and centrifugation in iso-osmotic medium. They showed typical morphology under electron microscopy. The mean recovery and enrichment of alkaline phosphatase activity in the brush-border fraction were 50% and 17.5-fold respectively. gamma Glutamyl transpeptidase showed a close parallelism with alkaline phosphatase and sucrase in subcellular distribution. Microvillar membranes were purified from isolated brush borders; they showed a further enrichment for alkaline phosphatase and were composed of homogeneous vesicles. Both brush-border and microvillar membrane preparations were analysed for contamination by basolateral and endoplasmic-reticular membranes. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the microvillar-membrane preparation in six different systems revealed approx. 40 components in the mol.wt. range 15 000-232 000. They were grouped into seven major classes on the basis of molecular weight and electrophoretic patterns. PMID- 7317007 TI - Increased muscle calcium. A possible cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular necrosis in denervated rat skeletal muscle. AB - Mitochondrial preparations derived from denervated rat skeletal muscle and paired controls were characterized with respect to their ability to take up externally added Ca2+. The denervated and control muscle homogenates and mitochondrial [Ca2+] were also determined. Our data indicate that the denervated mitochondria are able to take up less Ca2+ than the controls before uncoupling occurs. This defect is associated with elevated [Ca2+] in homogenate and mitochondrial fractions in the denervated state. The causal relationship between Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial functional damage and cell necrosis is discussed. PMID- 7317009 TI - Fluorimetric study of the binding of protoporphyrin to haemopexin and albumin. AB - Fluorescence spectra of protoporphyrin bound to its most affinitive site on human serum albumin, bound to human haemopexin and dissolved in human plasma reveal that, when present in plasma, at least 90% of this porphyrin is bound to albumin. Human serum albumin binds protoporphyrin with an affinity KA = 3 X 10(9)M-1 in phosphate-buffered saline. The affinity of haemopexin for protoporphyrin is 4 times smaller. From these data it is concluded that less than 1% of plasma protoporphyrin is bound to haemopexin. Implications of the data for protoporphyrin transport and clearance are discussed. PMID- 7317010 TI - Activation of latent ribonuclease in the fat-body of fleshfly (Sarcophaga peregrina) larvae on pupation. AB - A crude extract of the fat-bodies of third-instar larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina (fleshfly) was found to contain latent RNAase (ribonuclease) consisting of RNAase and inhibitor protein that is sensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. The RNAase activity in the crude extract of fat-bodies became detectable with time after puparium formation, indicating that the inhibitor is selectively inactivated and RNAase is released from the RNAase-inhibitor complex during metamorphosis. PMID- 7317011 TI - Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation as detected by H2O2 production in intact perfused rat liver. AB - 1. H2O2 formation associated with the metabolism of added fatty acids was quantitatively determined in isolated haemoglobin-free perfused rat liver (non recirculating system) by two different methods. 2. Organ spectrophotometry of catalase Compound I [Sies & Chance (1970) FEBS Lett. 11, 172-176] was used to detect H2O2 formation (a) by steady-state titration with added hydrogen donor, methanol or (b) by comparison of fatty-acid responses with those of the calibration compound, urate. 3. In the use of the peroxidatic reaction of catalase, [14C]methanol was added as hydrogen donor at an optimal concentration of 1 mM in the presence of 0.2 mM-L-methionine, and 14CO2 production rates were determined. 4. Results obtained by the different methods were similar. 5. The yield of H2O2 formation, expressed as the rate of H2O2 formation in relation to the rate of fatty-acid supply, was less than 1.0 in all cases, indicating that, regardless of chain length, less than one acetyl unit was formed per mol of added fatty acid by the peroxisomal system. In particular, the standard substrate used with isolated peroxisomal preparations (C16:0 fatty acid) gave low yield (close to zero). Long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids exhibit a relatively high yield of H2O2 formation. 6. The hypolipidaemic agent bezafibrate led to slightly increased yields for most of the acids tested, but the yield with oleate was decreased to one-half the original yield. 7. It is concluded that in the intact isolated perfused rat liver the assayable capacity for peroxisomal beta-oxidation is used to only a minor degree. However, the observed rates of H2O2 production with fatty acids can account for a considerable share of the endogenous H2O2 production found in the intact animal. PMID- 7317012 TI - Heparin-releasable lipase activity of rat adrenals, ovaries and testes. AB - The presence of NaCl-resistant, neutral triacylglycerol hydrolase (lipase) activity in rat adrenal gland, ovary and testis was studied. Both adrenals and ovaries but not testes were found to contain such a lipase. The activity of the enzyme in the adrenal gland was lowered during cortisol treatment and hypothyroidism. An elevated adrenal lipase activity was found during hyperthyroidism. Pseudo-pregnant and lactating rats had higher ovarian lipase activities than cyclic rats. Ovarian lipase activity in lactating rats was positively correlated with the serum concentrations of progesterone and of 20 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and negatively correlated with the high-density lipoprotein non-esterified cholesterol concentration. The lipase activity of adrenals and of ovaries was largely releasable from these organs by heparin and could be inhibited by an antibody against heparin-releasable liver lipase. This indicated that the lipase is extracellularly located and is similar to 'liver' lipase. A possible role of this lipase in adrenals and ovaries is discussed. PMID- 7317013 TI - The activities and intracellular distributions of enzymes of carbohydrate, lipid and ketone-body metabolism in lactating mammary glands from ruminants and non ruminants. AB - 1. The activities of several enzymes of carbohydrate, lipid, acetate and ketone body metabolism were measured in lactating mammary glands from rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, sows, sheep, cows and goats. The intracellular distributions of many of the enzymes were measured by fractional extraction. 2. Acetyl-CoA synthetase was predominantly cytoplasmic in rats and guinea pigs, but was more mitochondrial in the other species. The different location of this enzyme in rats and mice is discussed in relation to the disposal of reducing equivalents. 3. 3-Oxo acid CoA-transferase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase assayed at 600 microM-CoA were predominantly mitochondrial in all species investigated. Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase assayed at 8 microM-CoA was predominantly cytoplasmic, except in rabbits and guinea pigs. Ruminants appeared to possess little, if any, of the cytoplasmic enzyme. 4. The activities and distributions of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase were consistent with a role in supplying cytoplasmic NADPH in ruminant tissue, and indicated that this system may also occur in guinea pigs. PMID- 7317014 TI - Utilization of L-alanine and L-glutamine by lactating mammary gland of the rat. A role for L-alanine as a lipogenic precursor. AB - 1. Lactation is associated with an increase in the arterial blood concentration of L-alanine and L-glutamate, but a decrease in that of L-glutamine compared with the corresponding values for virgin rats. 2. Virgin rats fed a 'cafeteria diet' that induces hyperphagia have increased arterial concentrations of L-alanine, L glutamate and L-glutamine. During lactation L-alanine and L-glutamate concentrations are even higher. 3. The removal of L-alanine is decreased in hepatocytes from lactating rats fed either a chow or cafeteria diet. 4. Measurements of arteriovenous differences across lactating mammary glands indicate that appreciable amounts of L-glutamine and L-alanine are extracted by the gland. 5. A high proportion of the L-alanine metabolized by isolated acini from fed lactating rats is converted into lipid. 6. Metabolism of L-alanine in acini from starved lactating rats is limited by the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. 7. It is concluded that L-alanine and certain other amino acids taken up by the gland in excess of the requirements for protein synthesis can be converted into lipid. PMID- 7317015 TI - The microsomal metabolism of the organometallic derivatives of the group-IV elements, germanium, tin and lead. AB - The NADPH- and oxygen-dependent microsomal metabolism of the di-, tri- and tetra ethyl-substituted derivatives of germanium, tin and lead was shown to give rise to ethylene as a major product and ethane as a minor product. These reactions were shown to be catalysed by the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase. Since formation of ethane and ethylene was differentially inhibited by anaerobiosis, the results suggest that at least a large portion of the ethane produced may be derived by a reductive mechanism. Triethyltin bromide in both the absence and presence of NADPH was shown to convert cytochrome P-450 into cytochrome P-420 and to affect the function of the mono-oxygenase in vitro. Tetraethyltin caused the NADPH- and time-dependent formation of cytochrome P-420, suggesting that tetraethyltin is converted into triethyltin salts in significant concentrations. The order of potency in formation of cytochrome P-420 was closely paralleled by the ability of the tin derivatives to induce microsomal lipid peroxidation in vitro. PMID- 7317016 TI - The removal of partially metabolized very-low-density lipoproteins by the perfused rat liver. AB - 1. Donor perfused rat livers were used to prepare VLD (very-low-density) lipoproteins, labelled in their triacylglycerol and protein components with [1 14C]oleic acid and L-[4,5-3H]leucine respectively. Partially metabolized VLD lipoproteins, similarly labelled, were obtained from supradiaphragmatic rats injected with the parent VLD lipoproteins. 2. The triacylglycerol and protein components of the partially metabolized VLD lipoproteins were removed by recipient perfused rat livers at rates much higher than those of the parent VLD lipoproteins. No degradation of the partially metabolized VLD lipoproteins to LD (low-density) lipoproteins occurred during the perfusions. 3. Removal of hepatic lipase from the livers did not significantly affect the rate of removal of the partially metabolized VLD lipoproteins. PMID- 7317017 TI - 2-Mercaptoacetate administration depresses the beta-oxidation pathway through an inhibition of long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms through which 2-mercaptoacetate administration inhibits fatty acid oxidation in the liver, the respiration rates induced by different substrates were studied polarographically in rat hepatic mitochondria isolated 3 h after 2-mercaptoacetate administration. Palmitoyl-L-carnitine oxidation was almost completely inhibited in either the absence or presence of malonate. Octanoate oxidation was also inhibited, and the intramitochondrial acyl CoA content was markedly increased. The oxidation rate of pyruvate and 2 oxoglutarate on the one hand and of 3-hydroxybutyrate, succinate and glutamate on the other was either normal or only slightly decreased. In the presence of 2,4 dinitrophenol, the extent of the inhibition of palmitoyl-L-carnitine oxidation was unchanged. All these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the 2 mercaptoacetate inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is due to an inhibition of the beta-oxidation pathway itself. Finally, the mitochondrial defect responsible for this inhibition was shown to be an inhibition of palmitoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.3.99.3). PMID- 7317018 TI - Brain 5-aminolaevulinate synthase. Developmental aspects and evidence for regulatory role. AB - 1. Brain 5-aminolaevulinate synthase showed a peak of increased activity in the first few weeks of life, which preceded and accompanied the development of brain cytochromes. 2. In the brain of the adult rat the activity of the enzyme was only 20% of that in the liver (on a per g wet wt. basis), but it was still probably sufficient to maintain the turnover of brain cytochromes. 3. The brain synthase activity could be decreased by treatment of rats with cycloheximide or with large doses of 5-aminolaevulinate, especially when this precursor was given as the methyl ester. 4. Injected haematin and CoCl2 markedly inhibited the synthase activity in the liver but failed to affect the brain enzyme; neither was taken up by the brain in vivo. 5. It is concluded that the brain can itself produce the haem required for the synthesis and turnover of its own haemoproteins and that 5 aminolaevulinate synthase may regulate the pathway in brain as in other tissues. 6. The relevance of the present findings to the pathogenesis of the neurological symptoms of acute porphyria and to the beneficial effect of exogenous haematin in porphyric patients is briefly considered. PMID- 7317019 TI - Light-dependent cytochrome P-450 changes in mung beans (Phaseolus aureus). AB - Maximum concentrations of microsomal cytochrome P-450 are present in 3-4 day-old mung beans (Phaseolus aureus). On illumination of dark-grown seedlings, cytochrome P-450 and later cytochrome P-450 undergo a rapid decrease in concentration in vivo, with an apparent half-time of about 6 h. Conversely light grown seedlings, transferred to darkness, show a slow accumulation of cytochrome P-450, doubling time of about 30 h, with a later accumulation of cytochrome P 420. Microsomal cytochromes b559, b560.5 and b562.5 do not significantly alter on light-dark transitions. Possible functions for dark-induced cytochrome P-450 are discussed. PMID- 7317020 TI - Induction by phenobarbital of the mRNA for a specific variant of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. AB - The treatment of rats for 4 days with phenobarbital causes an apparent 3-fold increase in the amount of total liver cytochrome P-450. By sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, metyrapone binding and immunoprecipitation, this increase was found to be due to a much larger increase in a restricted number of specific cytochrome P-450 variants. A radioimmunoassay technique demonstrated that the major phenobarbital-inducible variant, of molecular weight 52 000, is induced 24-fold by phenobarbital. Immunoprecipitation analysis of products of translation in vitro with an antibody specific to the 52 000-mol.wt. cytochrome P-450 showed that phenobarbital induces the mRNA in polyribosomes for this variant 20-fold. Evidence is presented for the action of phenobarbital at the transcriptional and translational levels. PMID- 7317021 TI - Nuclear-membrane-associated protein kinase and substrates. The effect of growth state on activity and specificity. AB - Nuclear membrane was isolated from cultured cells by two different techniques. The first technique employed sonication to lyse the nuclei, followed by treatment with citrate buffer to strip away the chromatin. The second procedure involved incubation with the polyanion heparin to lyse the nuclei. In both procedures, the nuclear membrane was purified by isopycnic centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients. Both preparations contained endogenous protein kinase activity and phosphorylated endogenous membrane proteins. The phosphoprotein profiles and characteristics of the phosphorylation reaction were very similar for the two preparations, except that the heparin-prepared membranes lacked two major phosphorpoteins which were present in membranes prepared by sonication. The growth state of the culture had a dramatic effect on nuclear-membrane protein phosphorylation. Proliferating cells exhibited a 3-5-fold greater extent of phosphorylation of nuclear-membrane proteins than did quiescent cells. The increased phosphorylation observed in proliferating cells implies that regulation at the level of the nuclear membrane may be an important site for regulation of cell-cycle events. PMID- 7317024 TI - The variability of nitro group--protein interaction in the 2,4-dinitrophenyl binding antibodies M315, M460 and X25 investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy. AB - Pre-resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to study the interactions of the nitro groups of dinitrophenyl haptens with three dinitrophenyl-binding antibody fragments: M315 Fv, M460 Fab' and X25 Fab'. The observed changes in frequency of modes associated with the nitro moieties are compared with solvent-induced changes for the model hapten 2,4-dinitroaniline. These comparisons demonstrate a specific interaction via the H2N--C--C--2-NO2 and 4-NO2 groups with the protein. The interaction with the 4-NO2 group appears to be absent for epsilon-N-2,4 dinitrophenyl-L-lysine bound to M315 Fv fragment in contrast with either 2,4 dinitrophenylaspartate or 2,4-dinitrophenylglycine bound to M315 Fv fragment, despite the much tighter binding of the lysine derivative. The implications of this for M315 Fv fragment in terms of the antibody specificity are discussed. Comparisons of the effect of binding to M460 Fab' and X25 Fab' fragments also revealed significant differences in the shifts of the nitro group vibrations of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-lysine and 2,4-dinitroaniline. PMID- 7317023 TI - Effect of serum lipoproteins on the adenylate cyclase activity of rat liver plasma membranes. AB - Four rat lipoprotein classes [lymph chylomicrons, VLD (very-low-density), LD (low density) and HD (high-density) lipoproteins] were tested for their ability to affect basal adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity of rat liver plasma membranes. All the lipoproteins, with the exception of lymph chylomicrons, effectively increase the enzyme activity. VLD lipoproteins are the most active class (67% maximal increase), followed by HD lipoproteins (33%) and LD lipoproteins (23%). The effect of VLD lipoproteins is additive to that elicited by GTP or GTP plus glucagon (at least within a certain concentration range). VLD lipoproteins affect only the Vmax. of the enzyme, not the Km. PMID- 7317022 TI - Turnover and uptake by organs of radioactive serum high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters and phospholipids in the rat in vivo. AB - The serum decay of rat serum high-density lipoprotein (HD lipoprotein), labelled biosynthetically with (32)P in the phospholipid or with (3)H in the cholesteryl ester moiety, was measured in rats after partial hepatectomy or sham operation. The serum decay of (3)H-labelled HD lipoprotein cholesteryl esters was biexponential. In sham-operated rats the t((1/2)) values for the rapid phase and the slow phase were 0.2+/-0.1h and 4.2+/-0.4h (means+/-s.e.m.) respectively. After removal of two-thirds of the liver the t((1/2)) value of the rapid phase did not change (0.1+/-0.1h), whereas the t((1/2)) value of the slow phase increased to 5.7+/-0.8h. Partial hepatectomy hardly changed extrahepatic tissue radioactivities, whereas the percentage of the injected dose recovered in the liver 6h after injection decreased from 34.0+/-1.9% before to 13.5+/-1.6% after partial hepatectomy. The (32)P-labelled HD lipoprotein phospholipids showed a rapid monoexponential decay from serum with t((1/2)) values of 0.71+/-0.3h and 1.48+/-0.11h after sham operation or partial hepatectomy respectively. The tissue (32)P radioactivities in the shamoperated rats, measured 1h after injection, were 46.0+/-1.7% (liver), 1.7+/-0.3% (adipose tissue), 3.7+/-1.2% (skeletal muscle) and 3.0+/-0.0% (erythrocytes) of the injected dose. Only the value for liver was affected by partial hepatectomy and decreased to 16.7+/-3.8%. In a previous publication [Van Tol, Van Gent, Van't Hooft & Vlaspolder (1978) Atherosclerosis29, 439-448] we showed in a highly comparable experimental setting that the turnover rates of HD apolipoproteins A and C in vivo are not influenced by removal of two-thirds of the liver. From the present study it is clear that the removal rates of radioactive HD lipoprotein cholesteryl esters and HD lipoprotein phospholipids from serum in vivo are decreased by partial hepatectomy. The results indicate the possibility of partly separate metabolic pathways of HD apolipoproteins A and C, HD lipoprotein cholesteryl esters and HD lipoprotein phospholipids. The phospholipids and cholesteryl esters of HD lipoprotein are metabolized predominantly by the liver. Possible mechanisms for the hepatic uptake and metabolism of HD lipoprotein cholesteryl (esters) and phospholipids are discussed. PMID- 7317026 TI - The reaction of ethanolamine O-sulphate with 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. AB - The enzyme-induced or 'suicide' step by which the substrate analogue ethanolamine O-sulphate inactivates 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase occurs at a rate that is one-tenth that observed for the release of the products of beta-elimination, namely ammonia, acetaldehyde and sulphate. An additional reversible reaction not leading to inactivation can be detected spectrally and this decreases the rates of both beta-elimination and inactivation. This reaction is ascribed to a step on the normal transamination path, although complete transamination does not occur significantly. The 14C moiety of radiolabelled ethanolamine O-sulphate is stably bound to the inactive enzyme in the proportion of 1 mol/mol of active site. The 35S-labelled sulphate moiety is not bound after inactivation, showing that beta elimination must precede inactivation. PMID- 7317025 TI - Comparison between the monomeric and binary-complex forms of procarboxypeptidase A from whole pig pancreas. AB - Two different forms of procarboxypeptidase A (I and II) were obtained from pig pancreas extracts. The Mr values, the pattern found on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, and the sedimentation coefficients indicate that form I is a binary complex formed by two different subunits, whereas form II is a monomer. The carboxypeptidase A-precursor subunit of form I and the form II monomer are very similar with respect to Mr value, amino acid composition and fragmentation by CNBr and iodosobenzoic acid. The activation process of both forms is unspecific with respect to the activating enzyme, the peptide released during activation is unusually long (Mr approx.sor subunit of form I and the form II monomer are very similar with respect to Mr value, amino acid composition and fragmentation by CNBr and iodosobenzoic acid. The activation process of both forms is unspecific with respect to the activating enzyme, the peptide released during activation is unusually long (Mr approx.sor subunit of form I and the form II monomer are very similar with respect to Mr value, amino acid composition and fragmentation by CNBr and iodosobenzoic acid. The activation process of both forms is unspecific with respect to the activating enzyme, the peptide released during activation is unusually long (Mr approx. 12500) and, in the case of the binary complex, the activation with trypsin follows a rather complex pattern, suggesting that the accompanying subunit of form I might play a modulating role in the activation process. Although the appearance of enzymic activity is rather slow, a protein with an Mr equivalent to that of active carboxypeptidase A is found very early in the activation process. Both zymogens are glycoproteins (so far no carbohydrate has been reported in any procarboxypeptidase A) and both contain two strongly bound Zn2+ ions/molecule. Other chemical and physical properties were also determined. PMID- 7317027 TI - A 70000-molecular-weight protein isolated from purified pig gastric mucus glycoprotein by reduction of disulphide bridges and its implication in the polymeric structure. AB - The glycoprotein of pig gastric mucus has been isolated free of non-covalently bound protein as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation. After reduction with 0.2 M-mercaptoethanol, protein was released from the glycoprotein, which consisted of a major 70000-mol.wt. component and a minor 60000-mol.wt. component. The 70000-mol.wt. protein fraction was separated from the reduced glycoprotein by either density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl or by gel filtration. Analysis of the 70000-mol.wt. protein fraction showed that, within the limits of the analysis, it was non-glycosylated, and its amino acid analysis was quite different from that of the reduced glycoprotein, which is high in serine, threonine and proline. There was a ratio of one 70000-mol.wt. protein per native glycoprotein molecule of 2 X 10(6) mol.wt. Dissociation of the native glycoprotein into glycoprotein subunits (5 X 10(5) mol.wt.) by reduction or proteolysis results in the release or hydrolysis respectively of the 70000 mol.wt. protein. A similar 70000-mol.wt. protein is demonstrated in human gastric mucus glycoprotein. A structural role for the proteins in these mucus glycoproteins is proposed. PMID- 7317028 TI - Acetylcholinesterase: evidence that sodium ion binding at the anionic site causes inhibition of the second-order hydrolysis of acetylcholine and a decrease of its pKa as well as of deacetylation. AB - For bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7), the Michaelis parameters Vmax., and Km for the natural substrate acetylcholine were estimated as a function of pH and sodium chloride concentration by the pH-stat method. A single dissociation constant for Na+ binding (K = 7 X 10(-3) M) suffices to explain the salt dependence of Vmax./Km and of Km as well as the pH dependence of Vmax./Km and Vmax., Km being pH independent. This finding provides evidence for a specific effect of Na+, presumably by binding at the anionic subsite of the active centre. Na+ binding causes a 50-fold decrease in kcat./Km as well as a decrease of one unit in the pKa of both kcat./Km and kcat.. The intrinsic pKa in the absence of salt at 25 degrees C is about 7.5. Comparison of the degree of fit of the data to the Debeye Huckel equation, in accordance with an alternative general salt effect, as well as published data for sodium and potassium chlorides also favour a specific salt effect. PMID- 7317029 TI - The effect of adrenaline on the phosphorylation of the P light chain of myosin and troponin I in the perfused rabbit heart. AB - 1. Two-dimensional electrophoresis has been used to study the extent of phosphorylation of the P light chain of myosin and troponin I in the rabbit beating heart. 2. A procedure has been developed that eliminates endogenous protein phosphatase activity during homogenization and sample preparation for electrophoresis. 3. Evidence has been obtained for two unphosphorylated forms of the P light chain in myosin from the ventricle of the rabbit, guinea pig and cow. 4. In vivo and in the rabbit perfused beating heart about 25% of the P light chain fraction is in the phosphorylated form. 5. Intervention with adrenaline produced a slight increase in the extent of phosphorylation that reached a maximum after the peak in inotropic response. A similar increase was obtained with ischaemia in the absence of adrenaline. 6. The changes in phosphorylation of the major forms of troponin I identified by electrophoresis occurred after the peak of response to adrenaline and were compatible with previous results. PMID- 7317030 TI - Effect of partial hepatectomy on removal of O6-methylguanine from alkylated DNA by rat liver extracts. AB - 1. The activity of an enzyme catalysing the loss of O6-methylguanine from methylated DNA was increasing during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Activity was increased 3-fold by 24h and was maximal (6-fold increase) over the period 48-72h after operation. 2. This activity could also be induced by chronic treatment with dimethylnitrosamine, but the maximal response amounted to a 2-3-fold change (with the greater effect in male rats) after 4-6 weeks of exposure to daily doses of 2 mg of dimethylnitrosamine/kg. 3. Neither partial hepatectomy nor treatment with dimethylnitrosamine increased the activities of two other enzymes repairing alkylated DNA, DNA (7-methylguanine )glycosylase and DNA (3-methyladenine-)glycosylase. 4. These results therefore indicate that there is a selective induction of the O6-methylguanine removal system during hepatocyte proliferation. Since this product is known to lead to mutations and its persistence in DNA throughout cell replication has been implicated in tumour initiation, this induction may play a role in resistance to carcinogenesis by alkylating agents. PMID- 7317031 TI - Dermatan sulphate-rich proteoglycan associates with rat tail-tendon collagen at the d band in the gap region. AB - Rat tail tendon was stained with a cationic phthalocyanin dye, Cupromeronic Blue, in a 'critical-electrolyte-concentration' method [Scott (1980) Biochem. J. 187, 887-891] specifically to demonstrate proteoglycan by electron microscopy. Hyaluronidase digestion in the presence of proteinase inhibitors corroborated the results. Collagen was stained with uranyl acetate and/or phosphotungstic acid to demonstrate the banding pattern a-e in the D period. Proteoglycan was distributed about the collagen fibrils in an orthogonal array, the transverse elements of which were located almost exclusively at the d band, in the gap zone. The proteoglycan may inhibit (1) fibril radial growth by accretion of collagen molecules or fibril fusion, through interference with cross-linking, and (2) calcification by occupying the holes in the gap region later to be filled with hydroxyapatite. PMID- 7317032 TI - Isolation and characterization of dihydropteridine reductase from human liver. AB - Dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.6.99.7) was purified from human liver obtained at autopsy by a three-step chromatographic procedure with the use of (1) a naphthoquinone affinity adsorbent, (2) DEAE-Sephadex and (3) CM-Sephadex. The enzyme was typically purified 1000-fold with a yield of 25%. It gave a single band on non-denaturing and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and showed one spot on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 50000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and 47500 by gel filtration. On sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, a single subunit with mol.wt. 26000 was observed. A complex of dihydropteridine reductase with NADH was observed on gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was estimated to be pH 7.0. Amino acid analysis showed a residue composition similar to that seen for the sheep and bovine liver enzymes. The enzyme showed anomalous migration in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. A Ferguson plot indicated that this behaviour is due to a low net charge/size ratio of the enzyme under the electrophoretic conditions used. The kinetic properties of the enzyme with tetrahydrobiopterin, 2 amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine, NADH and NADPH are compared, and the effects of pH, temperature and a number of different compounds on catalytic activity are presented. PMID- 7317033 TI - Calcium-ion-binding activity in human small-intestinal mucosal cytosol. Purification of two proteins and interrelationship of calcium-binding fractions. AB - Ca2+-binding activity was investigated in human small-intestinal mucosal cytosol. Binding was detected in fractions with molecular weights of 28000 and about 900000, as determined by gel filtration. No binding was found at molecular weight 12000-13000 (the molecular weight of calcium-binding protein in lower mammalian species) until the cytosol had been subjected to a hollow-fibre-filtration step. The appearance of Ca2+-binding at molecular weight 12000-13000 was associated with a decline in the 28000-mol.wt. calcium-binding fraction. The 12000-13000 mol.wt. fraction contained two distinct calcium-binding proteins. One of these proteins had properties similar to those of pig calcium-binding protein. Antiserum to this protein reacted against the 28000-mol.wt calcium-binding fraction in cytosol from human small-intestinal mucosa and from human kidney. An immunoassay method for one of the calcium-binding proteins was established. In normal duodenal mucosa the concentration was 915 micrograms/g and in the ileum it was 443 micrograms/g of mucosa. A subject with hypercalcaemic sarcoidosis had 1200 micrograms/g of mucosa in the jejunum, and a subject with an undetectable concentration of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol had concentrations of calcium binding protein in the mucosa similar to those found in normal subjects. PMID- 7317035 TI - On the determination of inorganic sulfate in serum and dialysate. PMID- 7317034 TI - Probing the active site of glyoxalase I from human erythrocytes by use of the strong reversible inhibitor S-p-bromobenzylglutathione and metal substitutions. AB - Glyoxalase I from human erythrocytes was studied by use of the strong reversible competitive inhibitor S-p-bromobenzylglutathione. Replacements of cobalt, manganese and magnesium for the essential zinc in the enzyme were made by a new procedure involving 10% methanol as a stabilizer of the enzyme. The K(m) value for the adduct of methylglyoxal and glutathione was essentially unchanged by the metal substitutions, whereas the inhibition constant for S-p bromobenzylglutathione increased from 0.08mum for the Zn-containing enzyme to 1.3, 1.7 and 2.4mum for Co-, Mn- and Mg-glyoxalase I respectively. Binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme caused quenching of the tryptophan fluorescence of the protein, from which the binding parameters could be determined by the use of non linear regression analysis. The highest dissociation constant was obtained for apoenzyme (6.9mum). The identity of the corresponding kinetic and binding parameters of the native enzyme and the Zn(2+)-re-activated apoenzyme and the clear differences from the parameters of the other metal-substituted enzyme forms give strong support to the previous identification of zinc as the natural metal cofactor of glyoxalase I. Binding to apoenzyme was also shown by the use of S-p bromobenzylglutathione as a ligand in affinity chromatography and as a protector in chemical modification experiments. The tryptophan-modifying reagent 2-hydroxy 5-nitrobenzyl bromide caused up to 85% inactivation of the enzyme. After blocking of the thiol groups (about 8 per enzyme molecule) 6.1 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl groups were incorporated. Inclusion of S-p-bromobenzylglutathione with the modifying reagent preserved the catalytic activity of the enzyme completely and decreased the number of modified residues to 4.4 per enzyme molecule. The findings indicate the presence of one tryptophan residue in the active centre of each of the two subunits of the enzyme. Thiol groups appear not to be essential for catalytic activity. The presence of at least two categories of tryptophan residues in the protein was also shown by quenching of the fluorescence by KI. PMID- 7317036 TI - Leucine oxidation and protein degradation in the extensor digitorum longus and soleus of the tumor-bearing host. PMID- 7317038 TI - A micromodification of the Drabkin hemoglobin assay for measuring plasma hemoglobin in the range of 5 to 2000 mg/dl. PMID- 7317039 TI - An enzymatic assay of plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine for the detection and management of phenylketonuria. PMID- 7317037 TI - An improved method for the recovery of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase from human platelets using colchicine and nitrogen decompression. PMID- 7317040 TI - Variance in the enzymatic properties of the chloride-activated arginine aminopeptidase from erythrocytes of healthy humans. PMID- 7317041 TI - Heat stability and kinetic properties of human serum glutathione reductase activity in various disease states. PMID- 7317042 TI - Brain isocitrate dehydrogenase an its regulation by estradiol in female rats of various ages. PMID- 7317043 TI - Induction of cytokinin-autonomous tobacco callus. Transformation of cultured tobacco callus by mutagenic heteroaromatic amines. PMID- 7317044 TI - Modification of acetylcholinesterase with N-dansylaziridine. PMID- 7317045 TI - Short-term effect of estrogen on release of prolactin by pituitary cells in culture. PMID- 7317047 TI - Retention of liver-type pyruvate kinase in cultured rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 7317046 TI - A fucan specific lectin on teratocarcinoma stem cells. PMID- 7317048 TI - Pyridinoline fluorescence in cyanogen bromide peptides of collagen. PMID- 7317049 TI - Glycosylation of the arginine vasopressin/neurophysin II common precursor. PMID- 7317050 TI - Influence of dietary ascorbic acid upon enzymes of sterol biosynthesis in the guinea pig. PMID- 7317052 TI - A protein inhibitor of cellulases in Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 7317051 TI - Inhibition of general acyl CoA dehydrogenase by electron transfer flavoprotein semiquinone. PMID- 7317053 TI - Lipid antioxidant properties of naloxone in vitro. PMID- 7317054 TI - Phospholipid exchange proteins from platelet cytosol possibly involved in phospholipid effect. PMID- 7317055 TI - Unmasking of cryptic binding sites for alpha -bungarotoxin in membrane fractions from chick retina. PMID- 7317056 TI - Pyruvic acid acetal residues are transferred from phosphoenolpyruvate to the pentasaccharide-P-P-lipid. PMID- 7317057 TI - Effects of ingestion of jojoba oil on blood cholesterol levels and lipoprotein patterns in New Zealand white rabbits. PMID- 7317058 TI - Protection of one of the two reactive thiol groups in F-actin by ATP and phalloidin. PMID- 7317059 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide as chemical and biological probe: conformational effect on peroxidase systems. PMID- 7317060 TI - Occurrence of sym-homospermidine in extremely thermophilic bacteria. PMID- 7317061 TI - Parallel activities of fatty acid methyl esters and analogous phorbol diesters toward mouse lymphocytes. PMID- 7317062 TI - Effect of iodination on the pK of Schiff base deprotonation and M 412 production in purple membrane. PMID- 7317063 TI - Kinetic resonance Raman spectroscopy of carotenoids: a sensitive kinetic monitor of bacteriorhodopsin mediated membrane potential changes. PMID- 7317064 TI - Heterogeneity of lipoprotein B. PMID- 7317065 TI - Ultraviolet photoelectron studies of methyl substituted crysenes. PMID- 7317066 TI - Modification of the fatty acid composition of phospholipid in measles virus persistently infected cells. PMID- 7317067 TI - 31P and 17O NMR of Mn (III)-containing acid phosphatase: evidence for direct metal-phosphate interaction and oxygen exchange from water into inorganic phosphate. PMID- 7317068 TI - Stimulation of protein phosphorylation in Swiss mouse 3T3 cells by human platelet derived growth factor. PMID- 7317069 TI - Normal glycosaminoglycan production in a galactosylation-defective lectin resistant CHO cell variant. PMID- 7317070 TI - Evidence for a specific cytochrome P-450 with short half-life catalyzing 7 alpha hydroxylation of cholesterol. PMID- 7317071 TI - Physicochemical analysis of reversible molybdate effects on different molecular forms of glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7317072 TI - Inhibition of replicon initiation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 7317073 TI - Comparative effects of benztropine and nomifensine on dopamine uptake and release from striatal synaptosomes. PMID- 7317074 TI - Metabolism of nitrosoacetoxymethylmethylamine in liver microsomes. PMID- 7317075 TI - Stimulation by adriamycin of rat heart and liver microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. PMID- 7317076 TI - The antagonism of the toxicity of hypoglycin by glycine. PMID- 7317077 TI - Hepatic toxicity and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity following a single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to mice. PMID- 7317079 TI - Effects of chlorpropamide and tolbutamide on adenylate cyclase activity in rat heart and liver. PMID- 7317078 TI - Substrate and position specificity of hematin-activated monooxygenation reactions. PMID- 7317081 TI - Estrogenic activities on methoxychlor metabolites. PMID- 7317080 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation in human cells exposed to nitrosocimetidine. PMID- 7317082 TI - pH dependence of [3H]norepinephrine uptake into catecholamine storage vesicles isolated from rat brain, heart and adrenal medulla. PMID- 7317083 TI - The mechanism of the blockade by trifluoperazine of some actions of phenylephrine on liver and smooth muscle. PMID- 7317084 TI - Monoamine oxidase in human platelets. Kinetics and methodological aspects. PMID- 7317085 TI - Evidence for endogenous triggering of perinatal inducibility of hepatic monooxygenase. PMID- 7317086 TI - Species and sex differences in the metabolism of a chlorinated epoxide by hepatic microsomal enzymes. PMID- 7317087 TI - Effect of histidine modification on the aging of organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 7317088 TI - Effects of fluoro-dopamines on dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, sites). PMID- 7317089 TI - Vitamin K1, vitamin K1 epoxide and warfarin interrelationships in the dog. PMID- 7317091 TI - Effect of gentamicin on the subcellular distribution of renal beta-N acetylglucosaminidase activity. PMID- 7317090 TI - Active transport of foreign amino acids by rat lung slices. PMID- 7317092 TI - The binding of inorganic and organic cations and H+ to cartilage in vitro. PMID- 7317093 TI - Vasoactivities of adenosine analogues in trout gill (Salmo gairdneri R.). PMID- 7317094 TI - Digitalis glycoside-like biological activity (inhibition of 86Rb+ uptake by red blood cells in vitro) of certain steroids and other hormones. PMID- 7317095 TI - Synthesis and radioenzymatic assay of an antimony analog of choline. PMID- 7317096 TI - Induction of deoxyribonucleic acid damage in HeLa S3 cells by cytotoxic and antitumor sesquiterpene lactones. PMID- 7317097 TI - Interaction of histamine with specific membrane receptors on gastric mucosal cells. PMID- 7317098 TI - Antagonism by L-dopa of the elevation of hypothalamic epinephrine by monoamine oxidase inhibition in rats. PMID- 7317099 TI - Caffeine metabolism in liver slices during postnatal development in the rat. PMID- 7317100 TI - Studies of monoamine oxidases. Effect of triton X-100 and bile salts on monoamine oxidase in brain mitochondria. PMID- 7317101 TI - Transport-dependent membrane damage and the irreversible inactivation of nucleoside transport by showdomycin. PMID- 7317102 TI - Pharmacology of [3H]apomorphine binding to bovine brain tissue. PMID- 7317103 TI - Use of an oxidase electrode to determine factors affecting the in vitro production of hydrogen peroxide by Ehrlich cells and 1-chloro-2, 4 dinitrobenzene. PMID- 7317104 TI - Ethanol and pentobarbital inhibition of intrasynaptosomal sequestration of calcium. PMID- 7317105 TI - Metabolic activation and cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide in primary cultures of postnatal rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7317106 TI - Binding of maytansinoids to tubulin. PMID- 7317107 TI - Quantitative correlation between secretion and cellular content of catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in cultures of adrenal medulla cells. PMID- 7317108 TI - The binding of gold to human albumin in vitro. Intrinsic association constants at physiological conditions. PMID- 7317109 TI - Dependence of glucuronidation rate on UDP-glucuronic acid levels in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 7317110 TI - Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity in neonatal rat skin. PMID- 7317111 TI - Running inhibits the reversal of atrophic changes in canine knee cartilage after removal of a leg cast. AB - The effect of vigorous exercise on the reversibility of canine knee cartilage atrophy produced by immobilization of the leg was studied. In comparison to cartilage from the contralateral control knees, cartilage from knees which had been immobilized in a cast for 6 weeks showed an increase in water content and decreases in thickness, Safranin O staining of the matrix, uronic acid content, and net proteoglycan synthesis. In addition, the ability of both newly synthesized (35S) and total tissue proteoglycans to interact with hyaluronic acid to form aggregates was diminished; this was apparently due to an abnormality in the hyaluronate-binding region of the core proteins. If the casts were removed and the animals were then allowed to ambulate ad libitum for 3 weeks, all of these changes were reversed. However, knee cartilage from 3 dogs which had been run daily on a treadmill (6 miles/day) for 3 weeks after removal of the casts exhibited continuing decreases in thickness, Safranin O staining, and uronic acid content (mean 31%), even though net proteoglycan synthesis was increased (mean 16%) in comparison to that in control cartilage from the contralateral (nonimmobilized) knee. Furthermore, the abnormality in both 35S- and total tissue proteoglycans which precluded their interaction with high molecular weight hyaluronic acid persisted. In this respect, the proteoglycans were indistinguishable from those obtained from knee cartilage immediately following 6 weeks in a cast. PMID- 7317112 TI - Experimentally induced osteoarthritis in guinea pigs: metabolic responses in articular cartilage to developing pathology. AB - Developing osteoarthritis, surgically induced in the right hind knee joint of guinea pigs by different procedures (A or B), was studied in animals maintained on either minimal or supplemented levels of dietary vitamin C. Procedure A, consisting of transecting the anterior cruciate and major portion of the medial collateral ligaments, resulted in a slower developing and less severe form of the disease than procedure B which also included a partial menisectomy. Regardless of the surgical procedure used, animals on minimal levels of ascorbate always exhibited more severe pathology than those on high levels. When compared with controls, a significant enhancement of acid phosphatase characterized arthritic cartilage in both supplemented and minimal diet groups, although the increase was 2-fold greater in the latter. In addition, a significant elevation of arylsulfatase A and B activities was observed only in the minimal diet group. Early stages of pathology in both diet groups were characterized by formation of repair cartilage which stained strongly with Safranin O on histologic sections. As the disease progressed, pitting, ulcerations, and eburnation occurred in the minimal diet group. Cartilage weight in normal joints was greater for guinea pigs kept on high levels of vitamin C. It is likely that this stimulated synthesis of cartilage in the supplemented animals protected against the erosion of the articular cartilage which characterized the more severe disease process in the guinea pigs on minimal levels of ascorbate. PMID- 7317113 TI - Native type II collagen--induced arthritis in the rat: the effect of complement depletion by cobra venom factor. AB - Antibodies to native bovine type II collagen may be important in initiating arthritis in rats immunized with this antigen. The cross-reactivity of these antibodies with native rat type II collagen was higher in rats that developed arthritis than in those that did not. Depletion of serum C3 levels by cobra venom factor delayed the onset of arthritis until C3 levels were returning to normal; therefore, complement may be involved in initiation of the arthritis, and this arthritis may be an example of an immune complex--mediated disease. PMID- 7317114 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) was measured in 7 patients with Sjogren's syndrome without complication of connective tissue disease, 5 patients with Sjogren's syndrome associated with connective tissue disease other than rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 13 patients with Sjogren's associated with RA, and 29 patients with RA without Sjogren's. All 25 patients with Sjogren's syndrome showed a significantly suppressed NCMC. In the patients with RA but without Sjogren's, the NCMC for 21 female patients was rather enhanced when compared with controls, while 8 male patients did not differ from controls. The reduced NCMC in the Sjogren's patients did not seem to correlate with the presence of antilymphocyte antibody. A more accelerated rate of NCMC was demonstrated in the patients with RA who were receiving gold therapy. PMID- 7317116 TI - Central nervous system involvement in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The records of 37 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1968 and 1978 were reviewed for evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Criteria for CNS involvement included evidence of organic brain syndrome, electroencephalographic abnormalities with symptoms referable to CNS, or objective neurologic signs. Sixteen of 37 children had CNS involvement (43%). Thirteen patients had CNS involvement at the onset of SLE. Three patients had late onset CNS manifestations 1 to 2 years after the diagnosis of SLE. The most frequently observed symptoms were headache, behavior disorder, lethargy, diplopia, blurred vision, memory alteration, dizziness, and alteration of consciousness. The most frequently observed neurologic signs were seizures, cranial nerve palsy, ataxia, papilledema, nystagmus, meningitis, tremor, rigidity, cortical blindness, and coma. Neuropsychiatric manifestations included organic brain syndrome, functional psychosis, and personality disorder. Laboratory tests showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure and protein, negative cultures, and abnormal electroencephalograms and computerized axial tomography scans. Fourteen of 16 children with CNS manifestations are alive. Thirteen had a mean IQ of 89 by the Wechsler Intelligence Tests. Twelve are in educational programs. One required long-term psychiatric care. A residual neurologic abnormality, a seizure disorder, was present in 3. CNS involvement with SLE in children carries a favorable prognosis. PMID- 7317115 TI - The influence of fibronectin on cryoprecipitate formation in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Fibronectin, a human fibroblast surface and plasma protein, is present in cryoprecipitates of synovial fluids and/or sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and mixed essential cryoglobulinemia. Fibronectin was shown to be capable of influencing cryoprecipitate formation. No antibodies to fibronectin could be detected, thus ruling out the possibility that it was directly involved in the formation of cold insoluble antigen--antibody complexes. Fibrinogen or fibrinogen degradation products were frequently present in synovial fluid cryoprecipitates but rarely in serum cryoprecipitates. Since complexes of fibronectin--fibrin--fibrinogen are known to be cold-insoluble, such interactions could occur in synovial fluids and contribute to the formation of cryoprecipitates. In serum, however, this is not likely to occur, and the mechanism by which fibronectin influences cryoprecipitate formation remains to be elucidated. PMID- 7317117 TI - Abnormalities of pulmonary vascular dynamics and inflammation in early progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Abnormalities of pulmonary function were studied in 10 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) and 3 control subjects. All underwent 81M krypton lung scanning and total body gallium scanning. Immune complexes were measured by Raji cell radioimmunoassay and polyethylene glycol (PEG) assay. Perfusion scans were abnormal in 7 of 9 patients, and 5 of 9 showed a decrease in pulmonary perfusion after cold challenge. Increased gallium uptake was noted in the lungs of 6 of 9 patients. Krypton scans were normal in the control group. Elevated immune complexes were noted in 8 of 10 patients by the Raji assay and in 5 of 10 with the PEG assay. Efforts to separate patients with PSS into subgroups may lead to a better understanding of and advances in therapy for PSS. PMID- 7317118 TI - Chromosome breakage and sister chromatid exchange frequencies in scleroderma. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes from 3 scleroderma patients with systemic disease and from 3 normal controls were examined for frequencies of chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Significant increases in the levels of chromosomal anomaly and SCE were found for all 3 patients. These results are discussed in terms of the diagnostic potential of SCE in scleroderma and the possible etiologic role of cytogenetic instability in this disease. PMID- 7317119 TI - Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) presenting as fever of undetermined origin. AB - A retrospective study of the histories of 100 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis was performed. Fifteen of these patients had "fever of unknown origin" as the initial manifestation of this disease. All 15 had normal leukocyte counts; however, they had significantly lower hemoglobulin and albumin levels (P greater than 0.01) and significantly higher platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and alkaline phosphatase values (P congruent to 0.05) compared to the other 85 patients. In 4 patients, random temporal artery biopsies were performed despite persistently negative results from diagnostic evaluations and in the absence of any symptoms or findings suggestive of arteritis. PMID- 7317120 TI - Identification of cartilage wear fragments in synovial fluid from equine joints. AB - Synovial fluids from 72 equine joints were examined for the presence of cartilage debris, and these findings were compared to findings from visual inspection of the articular cartilage surfaces at necropsy. Synovial fluids from 25 joints with visual cartilage damage contained one or more large particles of articular cartilage. Cartilage fragments were not found in synovial fluids from 42 of the 47 apparently normal joints; thus, a correlation may exist between cartilage debris in the synovial fluid and lesions of the articular surfaces. PMID- 7317121 TI - Amyloidosis secondary to polyarticular gout. PMID- 7317122 TI - Quadriparesis in tophaceous gout. PMID- 7317123 TI - Spinal cord compression by tophi in a patient with chronic polyarthritis: case report and literature review. PMID- 7317124 TI - Septic rheumatoid pericarditis complicating Felty's syndrome. PMID- 7317125 TI - A lupus-like syndrome in a patient with deficiency of the sixth component of complement. PMID- 7317126 TI - Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in a conjugal pair. PMID- 7317127 TI - D-penicillamine: before, during, or after? PMID- 7317128 TI - Hypotension with oliguria: a side-effect of azathioprine. PMID- 7317129 TI - Condensing osteitis of the clavicle. PMID- 7317130 TI - [CRST syndrome. Ultrastructural and physico-chemical studies of calcifications (author's transl)]. AB - The subcutaneous calcifications in a case of CRST syndrome were studied by electron microscopy and by several physico-chemical tests in order to establish their structure and development. Samples of powder, obtained by crushing and homogenisation of the deposits, were subjected to the following analyses: - radiocrystallography by X-ray of the raw and heated material - infra-red spectroscopy before and after heating - quantitative chemical analysis and differential thermal micro-analysis. Connective tissue fibres seemed to play an important part in the development of the calcifications. The initial deposits of calcium first appeared in the central part of elastic fibres whose general morphology remained nevertheless undisturbed. In the older deposits disorganised elastic (and possibly collagen) fibres and areas of bone formation were found. Evidence of an inflammatory reaction was always minimal or nil. There was considerable variation in the calibre of collagen fibres in the non-calcified zones, the smaller fibres predominating. These appearances, sometimes noted in scleroderma, seem to be associated with increased collagen synthesis. X-ray diffraction and infra-red spectroscopy studies show that the deposits consist essentially of type B hydroxyapatite carbonate, confirmed by differential thermic analysis. On electron microscopy the calcifications were shown to comprise straight, needle-like crystals, 100-600 nm in length and 30-100 nm broad, characteristic of the apatites. Very occasionally, target-pattern deposits conforming to whitlockite were encountered. Chemical analysis revealed a high proportion of calcium with a Ca/P ratio greater than 1-666 as is typical of synthetic hydroxyapatite carbonates. The deposits also contained up to 20% by weight of organic material. PMID- 7317131 TI - [Human aorta: endothelium and atheroma (author's transl)]. AB - An electron microscopic study of aortic endothelium obtained from necropsy and biopsy material shows pathological changes corresponding the severity of the atheromatous state, but unrelated to age. All stage I aortas show the same type of endothelial changes. So do stage II aortas. The pathological structural changes in the endothelial cells corresponding to aortas of stage I, II-III involve the microfilaments, vesicles, intercellular junctions and basement membrane. The microfilaments are more numerous and better defined in atheromatous aortas. Also rare bundles of microfilaments with electron-dense centers are seen. The intra-cytoplasmic vesicles increase presently deeper invaginations (pseudo channels) in the stages II and III aortas. In these stages the intercellular junctions are open involving all or part of the junctions. All three described ultra-structural changes increase the permeability of the endothelium to lipids and plasma glycoproteins. The thickening of the sub-endothelial basement membrane results from the increase of type IV collagen synthesized by the endothelial cells. Lysis of endothelial cells and platelet agregation are related to the stage of atheromatosis. The number of Weibel Palade bodies increase in stade II and III aortas. These organelles play a role in blood coagulation and accelerate atheromatosis. In conclusion, the aortic endothelium constitutes an active barrier. The pathological atheromatosis process involves the endothelium. The endothelial cells play a normal role in the passage of molecules from blood plasma into the aortic wall. That explains intimal formation and intimal fibrosis. The endothelium also participates in the initial pathogenic mechanism of atheroma formation (fatty dot and streak, gray gelatinous elevation and mural thrombus). PMID- 7317132 TI - [Characteristic ultrastructural features of parathyroid gland cancer. A report on 9 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Authors have studied 9 parathyroid carcinomas under electron microscope (3% of their parathyroid lesions). Two types of the ultrastructural features were significant: 1) architectural: basal membrane abnormalities, sparse desmosomes, absence of nerve fiber; 2) cytological: nuclei atypism and abnormal mitochondria in tumors cells resembling dark chief cells. Also noticed were signs of cell hyperactivity and/or trouble in parathormon production or regulation. PMID- 7317133 TI - Spiralled collagen in amyloid kidney. A case report and a hypothesis, with review of the literature. PMID- 7317134 TI - [Possible alteration of adrenergic neurons in the mesolimbic system of psychotics (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of Phenylethanolamine-N-Methyltransferase (PNMT) was assayed in 12 brain structures in a group of 8 chronic psychotics, a sub-group of 5 schizophrenics and a group of 7 normal controls. It was found significant decreased in substantia perforata posterior and nucleus accumbens. These two structures belong to the meso-limbic system. These data, therefore, suggest an inhibition of PNMT and/or an alteration of putative adrenergic neurons in the meso-limbic system, in schizophrenia. PMID- 7317135 TI - [Research on Diphyllobothrium and other intestinal parasites in the human population and domestic carnivores from Calafquen Lake, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317136 TI - [Practical aspects in the immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317137 TI - [Neurocysticercosis. Treatment with praziquantel. A preliminary study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317138 TI - [Research on Pseudophyllidea (Carus, 1813) from the south of Chile. VI. Diphyllobothrium (Cobbold) infection in Larus maculipennis Lichtenstein from Calafquen Lake (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317139 TI - [Helminth parasites of the Juan Fernandez fur seal Arctocephalus philippii (Peters, 1866) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317140 TI - [Risk level conditioning factors of hydatid disease in the Province of Valdivia, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317141 TI - [Canine echinococcosis in a rural area of Valdivia, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317142 TI - [Is the medical rounds a useful method in teaching?]. PMID- 7317143 TI - [Epidemiological study in 4 family units with Alport's syndrome]. AB - At the Nephrology Department of the Hospital Infantil de Mexico, four cases of Alport's syndrome. with no relation among themselves, were studied between, June 1978 and November 1979. The diagnosis was based on the presence in the patients, of proteinuria and/or hematuria and in some of the relatives, a history of renal disease, deafness and a variable degree of renal failure; at the renal biopsy examined with electronic microscopy, there were findings compatible with Alport's disease in all four cases. Field studied were carried in the largest possible number of relatives for each family group the clinical viewpoint including measurement of blood pressure, examination of urine with reactive stripes to detect proteinuria and hematuria and audiologic examination. In the group, 130 subjects were studied out of a total of 237; 37% were found affected; 21% complaining of deafness; four female cases (19%) had not reach an uremic condition. From the second group 36 subjects were studied out of 109 members. Fifty per cent were found affected. Three cases had reached an uremic state (15%). Out of the third group with a total of 74 members, 34 cases were studied and 62% were found affected. Two female cases (12%) were complaining of uremia. The third group comprised 60 members and 19 of them were studied finding 13% affected with 2 cases of uremia. There were cases exclusively with renal or auditive involvement or both, at the same time. In our casuistics, most of the cases affected of the kidney or of the auditive apparatus were female patients; likewise, the most severely ill were females. Out of the 106 patients affected of the kidney, there were 11 with uremia and 8 were females. It was noticed that both males and females who were affected, had children of either sex with the same degree of affection, the same as other children with no changes at all; therefore, it is concluded that transmission is by dominant autosomal heredity. PMID- 7317144 TI - [Post-infection glomerulonephritis. Longitudinal study of 450 cases observed over a period of 12 years]. AB - Clinical and pathological data of 450 children ranging from 1.5 to 16 years of age with acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis observed at the Children's Hospital of Centro Medico de Occidente (IMSS), with a follow-up of 12 years are presented. The outstanding features of this review are the following: a very high incidence of the disease in 1978 and 1979, coinciding with an epidemic of scarlet fever. From 127 patients a renal biopsy was obtained; in 79.5% the histological picture srowed proliferative endocapillary glomerulonephritis (PEG), 5.5% corresponded to focal proliferative endo and extracapillary glomerulonephritis (FPEEG), 11% were diffuse proliferative endo and extracapillary crescent-forming glomerulonephritis (DPEEG) and 3.9% membranoproliferative glomerulonephriteis (MPG). On clinical basis, the evolution of the disease through a 12 years follow up period has demonstrated normal renal function in 91% of all patients. Correlation of the results of histologic examination with the clinical course of the disease have demonstrated a good prognosis in PEG, whereas DPEEG and MPG have shown a poor evolution. The data here presented confirms the usefulness of the renal biopsy to predict the clinical evolution of post-infectious glomerulonephritis. PMID- 7317145 TI - [Usefulness of certain hematologic parameters in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in children and women]. AB - The sensitivity and nonspecificity of parameters for the detection of iron deficiency: mean corpuscular volume (MCV); mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); serum iron (SI); total iron binding capacity (TIBC); transferrin saturation (TS); free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (Epp) and serum ferritin (SF) were studied in 78 children from 0.2-3.9 years old and in 165 mothers. In children, MCH and TS were the parameters that showed the highest sensitivity and lowest nonspecificity: 97% of the anemic and non-anemic children were identified as iron deficient by MCH less than 25 pg and/or TS less than 17.5% and 0 and 6% of the children without iron deficiency showed MCH and TS below these values. MCH, SF and TS in the group of mothers were the tests with the highest sensitivity (97%, 88% and 79% respectively), and the nonspecificity of these parameters were 2.2%, 30% and 0.7% respectively. MCH seems to be a sensible and specific screening test for detecting possible cases of iron deficiency in both maternal and infant populations. The best tests to establish the deficiency appear to be TS of Epp tests in children, and TS plus SF in mothers. PMID- 7317146 TI - [Hematologic features of nutritional anemias in children]. AB - In eighty nine anemic children, aged from 6 months to 13 years, the etiology of their anemia was studied: 67(75%) of the cases presented iron deficiency, 18(20%) iron and folate deficiency and 4 megaloblastic anemia (2 folate and 2 vitamin B12 deficiency). Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency showed severe pancytopenia and megaloblastic changes in bone marrow; but no morphological difference, either in circulating blood or bone marrow was found in patients with iron deficiency, compared to iron plus folate deficiency. The seric measurement of iron, folate and B12 were essential in order to establish the etiology of nutritional anemias. The majority of the children were accepted to the hospital for other causes than anemia, such as diarrhea (58%) and respiratory diseases (18%). Clinical features and the high incidence of anemia in children under two years of age are also discussed. PMID- 7317147 TI - [Purulent meningoencephalitis in the newborn infant. I. Diagnosis and bacteriology]. PMID- 7317148 TI - [Nephrotoxicity caused by amphotericin B]. AB - A six-year-old child with coccidioidomycosis is reported. The patient was given amphotericin B, that brought about disturbances in renal function with renal failure, which turned reversible on discontinuance of treatment. The earliest manifestations of nephrotoxicity were observed following administration of a total dose of 1,000 mgs. The findings were: glycosuria, cylindruria, high urinary pH followed by metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, decreased capacity of renal concentration and clearance of endogenous creatinine. Oral administration of postassium bicarbonate and interruption of amphotericin B were followed by reversal of kidney lesion manifestations. PMID- 7317149 TI - [Rehabilitation of the juvenile invalid]. PMID- 7317150 TI - [Changes in the calcium-transporting capacity of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum in acidosis]. PMID- 7317151 TI - [Heterogeneity of cardiac glucocorticoid receptors]. AB - The work presents the main results obtained in the investigation of properties and distribution of the glucocorticoid cardiac receptors as well as mutual conversions of different forms of the glucocorticoid-receptor complexes. The receptors have been found in hearts of various kinds of animals. The glucocorticoid receptor activity is distributed approximately evenly in the myocardium of the left and right ventricles and auricles. The receptors have been found both in isolated myocytes and in endothelium cells. Methods of chromatography can successfully be used in decomposition of the glucocorticoid receptor complex to heterogenic components. The role of some factors in the mechanism of the functioning of the receptor system is discussed. PMID- 7317152 TI - [Endothelial culture on fibrillar collagen: a model for studying the directed transport of liposomes to the collagen matrix]. AB - A directed transport of liposomes to fibrillar collagen was studied using the model system in which a partial reconstruction was made of the normal, locally injured, and vastly injured vascular wall from the endothelial cell culture grown on fibrillar collagen. The binding of fibrillar collagen with conjugates liposome -anticollagen antibody and liposome-fibronectin is 3.5--4 times higher, than conjugates liposome nonspecific IgG and liposomes. The binding of conjugates liposomes--anticollagen antibody and liposome--fibronectin with the surface of endothelial cell is 7--8 times lower than with the surface of fibrillar collagen. PMID- 7317153 TI - [Various aspects of neuropeptide action]. PMID- 7317154 TI - [Use of phosphatidylinositol as a hydrophobic anchor for protein binding with liposomes]. AB - For binding of proteins with the membranes of liposomes, natural lipid phosphatidylinozite was proposed. First, it was activated by periodate, then in incubation with protein in alkaline medium the binding between the modifier and the protein was covalent. Liposomes with the bound protein are obtained by dialysis detergent removal. In binding of the pattern protein alpha-chymotripsin with liposomes from egg phosphatidylcholine there was reached the binding of 2,4 . 10(-3) M of protein per mole of the lipid. 70% of the enzyme immobilized on liposomes was observed to completely retain its affinity to pancreatic tripsin inhibitor. Thermostability of the immobilized enzyme was studied. PMID- 7317155 TI - [Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase stabilization by the introduction of intersubunit linkages]. AB - To work out methods of synthesis of stabilized enzymatic preparations for clinical application, subunit enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase was treated with bifunctional reagents--aliphatic diacids, activated by water-soluble carbodiimide. Gel-electrophoresis in the presence of natrium dodecyl sulfate showed the presence of a linkage between the subunits. The maximal thermostability was observed in the preparations treated with amber and glutaric acid. These preparations also contained the maximal amount of the enzymatic fraction, which did not dissociate into subunits. The data of EPR-spectroscopy showed that the preparations of the enzyme with the introduced intersubunit linkages had a lowered molecular mobility. PMID- 7317156 TI - [Polymorphism of human aortic cells in culture]. AB - A method is suggested for isolation and cultivation of cells from the intima and media of human aorta. In primary cell cultures obtained by this method, cell polymorphism has been found. Four main morphologic types of cells have been described: prolonged, asymmetric, polygonal and star-shaped. Polygonal and star shaped cells have been found only in the cell cultures taken from intact intima. Prolonged and asymmetric cells have been found in all the cultures without exception. The proportion of the prolonged and asymmetric cells in the cultures obtained from intact aorta wall and from lipofibrous plaques is approximately similar and makes 3 : 1. In the cultures obtained from the sites of a vessel with lipid stripes the part of asymmetric cells exceeds 50%. PMID- 7317157 TI - [Proliferative activity of human aortic cells normal and in atherosclerosis]. AB - By the method of enzymatic tissue dispersing cells were taken from the intima of the normal sites of human aorta and from the sites with atherosclerotic injuries (lipid stripes and lipofibrous plaques). Under the standard conditions of primary culture, proliferative activity of these cells was compared, which was judged by the thymidine index (percentage of cells labelled by 3H-thymidine) in the culture on the 7th and 14th day. The proliferative activity of cells from the lipid stripes is higher than of cells from the normal intima. It might be suggested that lipid stripes contain cells with an increased proliferative activity. PMID- 7317159 TI - [Blood platelet functional state and exposure to an aggregation inducer]. AB - Proceeding from experimental and literature data the authors evaluated the effect of hemodynamic factors on the process of induced changes in blood platelet function. A scheme of the process was developed, which puts together the data on the effect of local hemodynamics on the platelet functional properties. A hypothesis has been suggested on possible adhesion of native platelets to the surface of injured vessel wall without preceding activation. PMID- 7317160 TI - [Intracellular calcium redistribution in the thrombocytes during aggregation and release reaction]. AB - With the aid of an original installation there was simultaneously measured aggregation, reaction of release of adenine nucleotides, and redistribution of calcium (by fluorescence of calcium-sensitive probe of chlortetracyclin) in one sample of the suspension of washed platelets of rabbit. For the first time there was found an increase in the intensity of fluorescence in the presence of ADP induced aggregation which continued long after the platelets desaggregation. The obtained results suggest that this increase indicating the redistribution of calcium ions in cells, is associated with the refractory state of the platelets. PMID- 7317158 TI - [Use of the flow cytofluorometric method for analysing the interaction of low density lipoproteins with cells]. AB - To analyse the interaction of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with cells, the method of flow cytofluorometry (FCF) and labelled by rodamine isothiocyanate LDL (R-LDL) was used for the first time. This method may be used to analyse the incorporation of R-LDL in cells both in suspension cultures and in cell cultures attached to the underlie. The FCF method makes it possible to evaluate the incorporation of R-LDL in single cells, therefore it is more reasonable to use it while working with small and heterogeneous cell populations. With suspension cultures, the FCF method does not require cell washing from unbound label which makes the procedure more simple. The perspectives of the use of the FCF method for the analysis of the interaction of cells with LDL are connected with a possibility of selection and isolation of cells from heterogeneous populations. PMID- 7317161 TI - [Effect of thyrocalcitonin on the contraction and relaxation of the isolated myocardium in metabolic blockade and acidosis]. AB - Thyrocalcitonine did not produce any effect on the contraction and relaxation of the thin papillary muscles of guinea-pigs, but restored reduced indices of the thick muscles function. The effect of the hormone was most expressed at a high contraction rate. The hormone also stopped reduction in the amplitude of the contractions or partly restored it under the action of metabolic inhibitors--2.4 dinitrophenol or 2-deoxyglucose as well as under the action of acidosis (pH-6.9). A positive inotropic effect of the hormone, that manifest itself under the conditions of a reduced amplitude of contractions is evidently realized through the influence on the Ca++--Na+ metabolism in cells and physiologically grounded, since it favours the stabilization of the myocardial contractility under hypocalcemia. PMID- 7317163 TI - [N-nitrosamines from drugs]. PMID- 7317162 TI - [Pharmacological analysis of a disorder in the mechanisms of coronary vessel reactivity in an experimental model of coronary insufficiency]. AB - In stimulation of the heart work with inadequate perfusion, the reactivity of coronary vessels is often disturbed which is revealed by the enhancement of extravascular contraction or by the absence of an adequate vasodilatation. The analysis of disturbance mechanisms in the reactivity of coronary vessels has been carried out with the aid of two groups of pharmacologic substances, one exercising a dilatating effect on the coronary vessels and the other affecting the calcium metabolism. One group included adenosine and verapamil (as antagonists of the action of calcium) as well as etmozine-blocker of the sodium channels capable of affecting the level of Ca+2 through Na-Ca metabolism; the other group included caffeine, calcium chloride, norepinephrine. The results suggest that adaptive reactions of the coronary vessels are closely connected with the calcium metabolism in smooth muscles of the vascular wall. Hence, while using vasodilators to treat coronary insufficiency, the approach to a selection of drugs with different effects on electro-mechanical conjunction in smooth muscles of vascular wall should be differentiated. PMID- 7317164 TI - [N-((Alkylthio- and phenylthio)phenacyl)imidazoles and N-((beta-(alkylthiophenyl and phenylthiophenyl)-beta-hydroxy)alkyl)imidazoles with anticonvulsant activity]. PMID- 7317165 TI - [Activity of sobrerol on the production and transport of tracheobronchial mucus in experimental animals]. PMID- 7317166 TI - [Study of the healing effect of mesoglicanum (hexosaminoglycan sulfate) on experimental atheromatous lesions in the rabbit. Ultrastructural observations]. PMID- 7317167 TI - [Determination of hippuric and 4-aminohippuric acids in urine]. PMID- 7317168 TI - [Control of microbial contamination in the air of rooms for sterile production. Proposals for sampling]. PMID- 7317169 TI - [Computer optimization of the dimensions of tablet cores for sugar-coated tablets]. PMID- 7317170 TI - Importance of pharmaceutical formulation for dermatological preparations. PMID- 7317171 TI - [Heterocyclic compounds containing residues of 4-aminophenylalkanoic acids with potential anti-inflammatory activity. III. 3-Hydroxyindazole derivatives]. PMID- 7317172 TI - [Analytical studies on the antacid tris-hydroxymethylaminomethoxygluconate dihydroxyaluminate]. PMID- 7317173 TI - [Surgipad as a dressing material: characteristics and assay of its technological correspondence to the Official Pharmacopoeia, VIII Ed]. PMID- 7317174 TI - [Sulfite-reducing Clostridia in raw materials for pharmaceutical use]. PMID- 7317175 TI - [Effect of light and coloring agents on the stability of nifedipine capsules]. PMID- 7317176 TI - [Immunological significance of adenosine deaminase activity in eruptive Mediterranean fever]. PMID- 7317177 TI - [Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of w/o emulsions with new biological methods]. PMID- 7317179 TI - Panthenol and glucocorticoids. AB - Urinary metabolites of glucocorticoids have been measured in man before and after administration of panthenol in high doses. The quantitative assay was performed according to the technique of Porter and Silber which measures only cortisol and some of its metabolites. In all panthenol treated subjects a significant increase in the urinary excretion of 17-alpha-21-dihydroxy-20-keto steroids has been observed and it appeared to be higher in male ageing between 18 and 25. The results obtained confirm that a statistically significant increase in glucocorticoid production after panthenol administration in high doses is present also in man. PMID- 7317178 TI - [Effects of Vipera berus venom on the activity of some coagulation factors]. AB - The activity of some clotting factors of human blood after incubation at 37 degrees C with Vipera berus venom (400 microgram/ml of plasma) has been measured. Factor V, initially, is activated by venom, but rapidly its activity decreases, becoming lower of that of controls and it exhausts oneself almost fully after 2 hours. Changes in the prothrombin and fibrinogen activity by venom action have not been noted. PMID- 7317180 TI - [An apparatus for selective activation of muscle stretch receptors]. PMID- 7317182 TI - [Effects of conditioning stimulation of the substantia nigra on the epileptic activity of the cat amygdala]. AB - The conditioning stimulation of the substantia nigra both in chronic and acute cats determined a more effective inhibition than caudate nucleus activation on the evoked paroxysmal activity in the amygdala. Lesions of the substantia nigra by means of kainic acid, produced the disappearance of the inhibition induced by caudate nucleus. An examination of the obtained data and of the literature on this topic, allowed us to identify a possible nigro-amygdaloid direct pathway. PMID- 7317183 TI - [Visual evoked potentials from different unpatterned stimuli in normal subjects and subjects with multiple sclerosis]. AB - A study of VEP was carried out by stimulation with white and red flashes in 20 normal subjects and 58 patients with definite or possible Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In normal subjects, the VEP obtained with the red flash exhibited a simplified waveform and a significantly higher latency of the III and IV peaks than with the white flash. This is due to the different spectral component of the stimulation, which specifically excites foveal receptors whose fibers have a smaller diameter and therefore a lower conduction velocity. The subjects with definite or probable MS showed average VEP latencies which were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. A comparison of the results obtained with the two types of stimulation demonstrates that the red flash reveals a higher number of modified VEPs, thus pointing out even subclinical impairments of the visual pathways. PMID- 7317184 TI - [Tissue cultures of benign melanocytic nevi. Preliminary report]. PMID- 7317181 TI - [Different effects of conditioning stimulation of the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus on the paroxysmal activity of the cat amygdala]. AB - The conditioning stimulation of the globus pallidus both in chronic and acute cats determined a more effective inhibition than caudate nucleus activation on the evoked paroxysmal activity in the amygdala. Lesions by means of kainic acid of the entopeduncular nucleus, has resulted in a significant decrease of the caudate inhibitory effect. The hypothesis we assumed is about a role of the globus pallidus in the control of the evoked amygdaloid after-discharge. PMID- 7317185 TI - Characterization of lipofuscin masses found in the central nervous system of Gallus G. PMID- 7317186 TI - Evidence for acetylated amino-terminal residues in hemocyanins. AB - The NH2 amino acid terminals of hemocyanin from Carcinus maenas determined by the cyanate and by the dansyl-chloride methods gave very low yields. This gave values for the molecular weight which were abnormally high compared to those determined by physical methods. Assuming that the NH2 terminals are acetylated, the number of acetyl groups (determined spectrofluorimetrically) accounts for all the amino sugars present in hemocyanin and for the NH2 terminals assuming that the molecular weight of the polypeptide chains was 25,000 daltons. PMID- 7317187 TI - [Tryptophan metabolism in patients with vitiligo]. AB - Our previous research showed that tryptophan is an important precursor in the biogenesis of melanins. Therefore, with the purpose of observing whether a relationship exists between tryptophan metabolism and diseases characterized by an altered process of skin pigmentation in man, we studied the metabolism of this aminoacid along the kynurenine pathway in 29 vitiliginous patients (11 males and 18 females) and in 21 control subjects (11 males and 10 females) by determining 10 urinary metabolites after an oral loading of 50 mg/kg body weight L tryptophan. The mean total excretion of the metabolites in patients resulted similar to that of the controls. However, considering the individual metabolites one can observe a decreased excretion of 3-hydroxykynurenine, o-aminohippuric acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and an increased excretion of xanthurenic acid and of its 8-methyl ether in the group of vitiliginous patients in respect to the controls. These results seem to indicate a decreased formation of nicotinic acid from tryptophan. Moreover, in relation to the fact that 3-hydroxykynurenine could be the metabolite through which tryptophan is involved in melanin biosynthesis, this study supports the hypothesis of a connection of tryptophan metabolism with the lack of pigmentation in vitiligo. PMID- 7317188 TI - [Early observations on newborn platelet ultrastructure]. PMID- 7317189 TI - [Incidence of possible diabetic conditions in pregnant women: effects on the fetus]. AB - The Authors studied the mortality and morbidity of newborn who had diabetic mothers. They confronted these dates with those mothers with overweight or with abnormal glucose oral test. There is no difference among them belonging neonatal mortality and morbidity. It would be useful to underline the high risk of mortality in newborn from mothers with diabetic overweight. PMID- 7317190 TI - [The effects of truncal vagotomy on rat gastric mucosa]. PMID- 7317191 TI - Effect of blue light on the urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites in adult heterozygous and homozygous Gunn rats. AB - Tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway has been studied in male and female heterozygous and homozygous adult Gunn rats after load of amino acid before and after exposure to blue light. The percentage of tryptophan metabolites in each group of rats was slightly higher in females than in males. Before irradiation the excretion of metabolites was larger in male and female heterozygous groups than the corresponding groups of the homozygotes. After irradiation only the groups of male and female heterozygous Gunn rats showed a decrease in the total excretion of the metabolites. Therefore blue light exposure dose not seem to influence the metabolism of tryptophan in homozygous Gunn rats. PMID- 7317193 TI - [Determination of lactic dehydrogenase isoenzymes in precancerous and cancerous gastric mucosa]. AB - We have studied modifications of LDH isoenzymes pattern in normal human gastric mucosa as well as in adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions of the stomac (gastritis and ulcer); samples from the injured and the surrounding non-injured area were examined, drawing up the isoenzymes, using Tris-buffer pH 7,4 at 4 degrees C and performing the determination within 1 h - because of the high chronolability of the fractions LDH and LDH by cellogol electrophoresis separation. We have always noticed - especially in samples from adenocarcinoma- a shifting toward the M chains, with a clear increase of the fractions LDH4 and LDH5; this has been noticed even in the surrounding non-injured area. PMID- 7317192 TI - Enzyme activities of tryptophan metabolism in heterozygous and homozygous Gunn rats before and after blue light exposure. AB - The effect of light exposure in the enzyme activities, involved in the tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway, has been studied in male and female adult hetero-and homozygous Gunn rats. Light exposure did not seem to influence these enzyme activities. The groups of non-icteric heterozygotes however showed a higher activity of liver tryptophan pyrrolase than in the groups of icteric homozygotes. Kynureninase activity was similar in all the groups of rats, whereas liver kynurenine aminotransferase activity appeared slightly higher in the groups of male rats with respect to female rats, but no difference existed before and after irradiation. In addition the male heterozygotes showed a higher kynurenine aminotransferase activity in kidneys than the other groups of rats. PMID- 7317194 TI - [Biomechanical simulation model of the developmental morphology of the human skull. Further observations on the model construction]. AB - The implementation of a software simulation of a biomechanical model of the human skull, requires a high complexity construction made by a different ellipsoids and planes. At present our model is made by a facial, post-facial, occipital and palatal ellipsoids, a basal plane with a hole, walls of the nasal cavity and conic walls of the orbital cavities. Dimension of the model resemble closely an adult human skull. The physical constants given for the constituting material those of compact bone. The cavity of the model is closed except for the hole of the basal plane and for the posterior openings of the orbital cavities. The number of elements of the model is 416. PMID- 7317195 TI - [[[Purification and properties of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from human erythrocytes]. AB - 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was purified from human erythrocytes by chromatography on 2'5' ADP Sepharose and ammonium sulfate precipitation, to a specific activity of 28 IU/mg of protein. The enzyme binds two NADP molecules per molecule of dimer with a Kd of 6.95 microM, or only one molecule of NADPH per molecule of dimer with a Kd of 0.38 microM. The substrate has no effect on the binding of NADPH, whereas increases the binding of a coenzyme analogue, the NADP oxidized with periodate. These findings indicate a possible regulatory role for 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. PMID- 7317196 TI - [Relation between the blood potassium and blood glucose responses and electrocardiographic changes, specifically the T wave, during the oral glucose tolerance test]. AB - As previously showed by the Authors, serum K+ levels significantly decrease during OGTT. Moreover, two possible patterns were separated: a) monophasic decrease ("M" type curve) causing a mild but continuous down-slope, possibly physiologically more relevant, and b) polyphasic decrease ("O" type curve) causing a sharp down-slope followed by a rebound to normal K+ levels. In 10 of 12 M type subjects (83%) electrocardiographic changes were shown after OGTT, comparative to only 9 out of 16 O type subjects. The Authors believe this to be suggestive of a heavier impact of kaliemic changes on to myocardial function in M type curves. The hypothesis needs further analysis. PMID- 7317197 TI - Characterization of lipofuscin granules found in the central nervous system and myocardium of marine teleostei. PMID- 7317199 TI - [The ventricular myocardium of fish: aspects of comparative morphology physiology and pharmacology. II) Coronary circulation]. PMID- 7317198 TI - [The ventricular myocardium of fish: aspects of comparative morphology, physiology and pharmacology. I) Myocardial architecture and vascularization]. AB - Fish represent a unique natural model for studying the structural arrangement of the ventricular myocardium and its blood supply during phylogeny. The more primitive spongious myocardium, fed by lacunary venous blood, is stepwise transformed into the mixed type of ventricular muscle, in which a compact cortical layer is often fed by oxygenated capillary network. The mixed type of heart muscle--which represents the homologous of the compact myocardium of the homeotherm vertebrates--is found in the most active fishes. The occurrence of this type of myocardium is discussed both in relation to the relative growth of the heart during phylogeny and to the physiological performance of the ventricular wall. PMID- 7317200 TI - Visually emitted potential and attentional processes. AB - Visually emitted potentials were recorded during a series of 450 stimulations with a frequency of 1 per second, during which 10% were voluntarily omitted by the experimenter, either regularly or at random. The recordings summed up here show the presence of a potential emitted in the form of a late positive wave (350 ms) preceded by a negative wave (200 ms) when the subject mentally counted the omissions (regular or random). This leads us to believe that the subject's attention is more determinant than the random distribution of omissions. PMID- 7317201 TI - [Effects of different doses of apomorphine on the glutamate decarboxylase activity of the substantia nigra and the medial basal hypothalamus]. AB - The activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) was assayed in the rat substantia nigra (SN) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) following systemic injection of different doses of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. In SN, the highest dose of apomorphine (1000 micrograms/kg) causes an increase of the GAD activity whilst an opposite effect is observed with the lowest dose (35 micrograms/kg). Results obtained in SN are in accordance with previous neurochemical and behavioural data suggesting an opposite action of high (500 micrograms/kg) and low doses (100 micrograms/kg) of apomorphine in nigro-striatal system, probably due to the existence of two classes of dopamine receptors, i.e. classical postsynaptic dopamine receptors and presynaptic inhibitory dopamine autoreceptors. In MBH, the evidence for similar effects of low and high doses of apomorphine (the decrease of GAD activity) may suggest that, as already reported, at this level only one class of dopamine receptors is present. PMID- 7317202 TI - [Age-related changes in some spatial-temporal parameters of ballistic movement in man]. AB - Age-related changes in spatio-temporal parameters of ballistic arm abduction movements were investigated in two groups of healthy volunteers: a group of younger subjects (aged 20-45 years) and a group of older subjects (aged 60-82 years). Arm abduction was performed in a step-tracking task. Older subjects exhibited longer reaction times, greater durations of the initial movement together with lower mean velocities. Accuracy, however, did not significantly differ from that of younger subjects. No differences were found both in the number and in the accuracy of "ballistic" movements, i.e. those completed within one mean reaction time or less. In motor tasks including slight expected perturbations during the movement, the motor performance of all tested subjects was not impaired. Furthermore, older subjects displayed a decrease in the duration of the initial movement and an increase of its mean velocity, without changes in accuracy; the increase of mean velocity became significant under visual closed-loop conditions. The results suggest that only some features of bradykinesia are age-related. Older subjects appear to retain a normal strategy for ballistic movement: the neural mechanisms controlling the generation of sufficient accelerative forces and of the appropriate timing for ballistic movements seem to be poorly activated rather than disrupted, since they may recover under specific circumstances. PMID- 7317203 TI - [Spatial-temporal parameters of ballistic arm abduction in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease]. AB - Spatio-temporal parameters of ballistic arm abduction movements were studied in healthy control subjects and in patients with Parkinson's disease. Arm abduction was performed during a step-tracking task. Patients showed longer reaction times, slower mean velocities and lesser accuracy, with a marked tendency to undershooting. In patients, "ballistic" movements (taken as initial movements completed within a mean reaction time or less) were fewer and more inaccurate. Moreover, their motor performance was greatly impaired in motor tasks including slight expected perturbations during the movement: evident changes in velocity or even arrests, together with inability to overcome the obstacle were observed. The motor performance of all tested subjects did not differ significantly in visual open-loop conditions. The present results: i) support the hypothesis that Parkinsonism interferes with the generation of accurate ballistic actions and ii) contribute to the understanding of bradykinesia. PMID- 7317204 TI - [Chromatography of membrane proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate. I) Methods]. AB - The purpose of this study is to classify the membrane proteins from some cutaneous tumours (basal cell epitheliomas, squamous epitheliomas, melanomas) and possibly detect the ones which are characteristic of each type of tumour. The microsomal, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions were purified following the usual techniques. The membrane proteins were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate, treated with iodoacetamide and chromatographed in SDS-acrylamide slab-gel. PMID- 7317205 TI - [A case of psychomotor attack induced by the compression of carotid artery (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with psychomotor attack beginning at the age of 60 showed no abnormal finding of EEG at rest, brain CT and other routine examination but cerebroangiography. Bilateral carotid angiography revealed the conspicuous course of anterior cerebral artery and the embryonic pattern of posterior cerebral artery. Vertebroangiography showed no image of the right posterior cerebral artery. Clinically the same as spontaneous attack was induced by the compression of right carotid artery, but the compression of left carotid artery did not provoke attack. From the finding of cerebroangiography above mentioned we guessed that the cerebral circulation impairment based on the abnormal form of Willis' circle and the process of aging caused the attack. This presumption might be supported by the fact the same as spontaneous attack was induced by the compression of right carotid artery. In this case furthermore, the evocability of attack, which the compression of carotid artery showed, was useful as one of indicators by which we judge the effect of antiepilepticus. PMID- 7317206 TI - [A case of hypersomnia with sleep apnea in olfactory groove meningioma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317208 TI - [Six cases in intracranial chordoma -especially two cases showing acute changes in symptoms (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317207 TI - [Influence of periaqueductal gray matter and posterior hypothalamic area on neuronal activity of the spinal dorsal horn (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317209 TI - [Viscoelastic property of human brain -for the analysis of impact injury (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Viscoelasticity of the human brain was investigated in order to understand the physical properties of the brain and to apply it to the analysis of the head injury mechanisms. 2. Static shear modulus (G) of the human white matter was 2.4 X 10(3) dyne/cm2. 3. Complex Young's modulus (E*(omega) = E' + iE") of the white matter, the gray matter, and the brain stem was measured in the range of 3-36 degrees C and 3-35 Hz using the dynamic viscoelastometer. Storage Young's modulus (E') of both white and gray matters of human brain was in the figures of 10(5) dyne/cm2 and loss Young's modulus (E") of those showed 10(4)-15(5) dyne/cm2. 4. The viscoelasticity of human brain is illustrated in Fig. 4 on the assumption of the equivalence of time and temperature. In case of head injury with impact duration of 5 msec it is proper to use the following value : E' = 4 X 10(5) dyne/cm2, E" = 2 X 10(5) dyne/cm2 in the white matter and E' = 3 X 10(5) dyne/cm 2, in the gray matter. 5. The visoelasticity of gelatin and bean curds were also examined to know whether or not simulation of the brain was possible. The viscoelasticity of 5-15% gelatin with an addition of 5% formalin was decreased 1 2 figures compared with that of the brain. The viscoelasticity of bean curds was about the same as that of the brain. PMID- 7317210 TI - [Familial paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis associated with ankle clonus (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317211 TI - [Intracranial hemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency in infants: its importance as a cause of intracranial hemorrhage in infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317212 TI - [Intraventricular hemorrhage in adults -studied for cases with difficult origin (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317213 TI - Scintigraphic anatomy of coronary artery disease in digital thallium-201 myocardial images. AB - One hundred and eight patients with single and multiple vessel coronary artery disease confirmed by arteriography were evaluated by exercise thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial scintigraphy to determine the scintigraphic appearances of specific coronary stenoses. In general proximal stenoses caused more widespread, but not necessarily more severe, myocardial tracer deficit than distal stenoses. In particular, proximal dominant right coronary artery disease was specifically associated with extensive inferior wall tracer deficit in the anterior scintigram, whereas proximal left circumflex disease caused similar tracer depletion best visualised in the left lateral scintigram. A triad of uptake defects was caused by left anterior descending coronary artery disease: viz. apical tracer deficit (anterior view) in 71% lesions, septal tracer deficit (left anterior oblique view) in 83% of lesions, and anterolateral wall tracer deficit (left lateral projection) in 72% of lesions. The last defect has been termed a 'diagonal window' because it was associated with independent disease of the main diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery or with disease in the main left anterior descending artery situated proximal to this branch. Diagonal window tracer deficit was the most useful scintigraphic sign distinguishing proximal from distal disease in the left anterior descending coronary artery. False negative scintigraphic defects occurred more commonly in patients with triple vessel disease and in association with well-developed coronary collateral vessels. Certain scintigraphic patterns of 201Tl myocardial accumulation appear invaluable in the noninvasive localisation of stenoses within specific coronary arteries and thus may be useful in predicting life-threatening coronary artery disease which should be confirmed by definite coronary arteriography. The digital 201Tl myocardial scintigram also provides an independent functional guide to the interpretation of coronary arteriograms and may be helpful in the planning of aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. PMID- 7317214 TI - Segmental quantitative analysis of digital thallium-201 myocardial scintigrams in diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Comparison with rest and exercise electrocardiography and coronary arteriography. AB - One hundred and forty-nine patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease were evaluated by exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy (201Tl SMS), single lead exercise electrocardiography, and coronary arteriography. Myocardial distribution of tracer was assessed semi-quantitatively from digital 201Tl scintigrams and compared with tracer distribution in subjects with normal hearts. Fifty-two of 54 (96%) patients with normal coronary arteries had normal myocardial scintigrams whereas three patients had a positive ischaemic exercise electrocardiogram and were scan normal. Conversely, 36 of 95 (38%) patients with coronary artery disease had a positive ischaemic electrocardiogram compared with 94 of 95 (99%) patients who had a positive myocardial scintigram. Disease in specific coronary arteries could be deduced from the topography of myocardial tracer deficit. Disease was predicted correctly in 76 out of 80 (95%) of left anterior descending coronary stenoses, in 48 out of 64 (75%) of right coronary artery stenoses, and in 55 out of 64 (85%) of left circumflex coronary artery stenosis, despite the presence of infarcted myocardium in other territories. Similarly, single vessel disease was predicted correctly in 14 out of 17 (82%) patients and multiple vessel disease in 64 out of 77 (83%) patients. 201Tl SMS with segmental quantitative analysis is a highly sensitive and specific technique in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and may be useful screening procedure to select patients for further investigation, particularly those with evidence of life-threatening severe left coronary artery disease. PMID- 7317215 TI - M-mode echogram as a means of distinguishing between mild and severe mitral stenosis. AB - Fifty-two patients with pure mitral stenosis (27 with severe stenosis and 25 with mild stenosis) were studied to assess the ability of different M-mode echocardiographic measurements to separate mild and severe disease. Variables related to valve motion, for example diastolic closure rate, the mitral valve closure index, and the amplitude of valve motion, accurately divided patients with mitral stenosis from normal subjects but did not distinguish usefully between mild and severe disease. In contrast, variables dependent on left ventricular dimension change in diastole, for example the rapid filling period and the peak rate of left ventricular diastolic dimension change, accurately separated mild and severe disease. No patient with severe mitral stenosis had a rapid filling period, whereas 21 of the 25 patients with mild disease did have one. The peak rate of left ventricular diastolic dimension change was less than 10 cm/s or less than 2.4 cm/s per cm when normalised for left ventricular dimension in all patients with severe disease and in only six of the 25 patients with mild disease. PMID- 7317216 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in infants with persistent truncus arteriosus. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography was used to study a consecutive series of 13 infants with persistent truncus arteriosus. In all a single great artery with the long upward course characteristic of the aorta was shown. This great artery could be identified as a persistent truncus arteriosus by the recognition of a branch arising from its ascending part (10 out of 13) or of more than three semilunar valve cusps (5/13). These criteria allowed the correct diagnosis to be reached in 12 of the 13 infants. PMID- 7317218 TI - Pacemaker assessment in the ambulant patient. AB - A new technique for assessing implanted cardiac pacemaker function in the ambulant patient has been introduced and assessed. A modified portable electrocardiograph recorder is used to store 24 hours of electrocardiograms along with marker pulses indicating the timing of pacemaker impulses. The recorder detects this narrow impulse and records a wider marker pulse on a second channel. The false positive detection rate was estimated from recordings, each of 24 hours, taken from 10 patients. All of these patients were ambulant and none had a cardiac pacemaker. There was on average less than one false positive per 24 hours. When similar recordings were taken from a group of 15 patients with pacemakers, the average false positive rate in 13 of these patients was also less than on per 24 hours. In the two other recordings artefacts resulted in false positive rates of 28 and 960 per 24 hours. Failure to detect pacemaker pulses was confirmed in only one patient. In addition to determining the accuracy of pacemaker pulse detection, the clinical usefulness of this technique was assessed. Two patients had fixed-rate pacemakers and 13 had demand pacemakers. Of the latter, two patients had a total of three episodes of failure to sense, one patient frequently failed to capture, and six patients had episodes of inappropriate inhibition of the pacemaker, the number of episodes ranging from one to 21 in 24 hours. Paced complexes were easily identified even when they occurred as fusion complexes. The frequency of paced complexes was quantified in each patient and varied from 21 to over 100 000 impulses in the 24 hour period. PMID- 7317217 TI - Systolic time intervals in measurement of inotropic response to drugs. AB - During periods of tachycardia induced by atrial pacing in eight patients, moderate increments in dP/dt(max) and (dP/dt)/CPIP (common produced intraventricular pressure) and moderate reductions in left ventricular ejection time (LVET) and Q-S2 were demonstrated. These changes varied between individuals, but reduction in systolic intervals was consistently less than that reported from populations showing a range of resting heart rates. Individual regression formulae relating each variable to paced heart rate were used to calculate rate dependent and rate-independent changes induced by isoprenaline and ouabain. Despite technical difficulty in precise measurement of systolic intervals, there was an excellent inverse correlation between rate-independent changes in Q-S2 and in both dP/dt(mac) and (dP/dt)/CPIP. Rate-independent change in Q-S2 appears to be a practical, moderately sensitive, and reasonably precise measure of the inotropic effect of a drug which does not radically alter left ventricular end diastolic pressure or blood pressure. Day-to-day variation in systolic intervals may limit the use of the technique to studies of short duration. PMID- 7317219 TI - Prophylactic antibiotics for cardiac pacemaker implantation. A prospective trail. AB - A prospective trial was conducted to assess the value of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in preventing postoperative infection of permanent transvenous pacemaker systems. Four hundred and thirty-one patients were randomly allocated to treatment (234) or no-treatment (197) groups. Treated patients received systemic benzylpenicillin and flucloxacillin just before operation and one and six hours afterwards. Nine primary generator pocket infections occurred without evidence of wound dehiscence or skin erosion. Seven infections were in untreated patients and two in treated patients. Antibiotic prophylaxis diminishes the risk of infection after pacemaker implantations. PMID- 7317220 TI - Cardiovascular status in asymptomatic alcoholics, with reference to the level of ethanol consumption. AB - One hundred and forty-five alcoholics without known causes of heart disease, who were serially admitted to the alcohol detoxification centre, were studied to see the incidence of cardiac abnormalities and dose related effects of ethanol. All patients were divided into heavy (consumed more than the equivalent amount of 125 ml of pure ethanol daily for 10 years or more) and moderate drinkers (consumed 75 to 125 ml of ethanol daily). All of them were ambulatory and free from cardiac symptoms. There was no difference among heavy and moderate drinkers in the incidence of abnormalities detected by the electrocardiograms and chest x-ray films. In the alcoholics, the most frequent finding was a prolonged QTc interval of more than 0.44 s on the electrocardiogram (62 patients, 42.8%), unrelated to serum electrolytes imbalance. Cardiomegaly on chest x-ray film was observed in 25 patients (17.2%). M-mode echocardiogram was recorded in randomly selected patients and compared with age and sex matched controls. The interventricular septum and posterior wall were thicker in alcoholics, while left ventricular volume showed no difference. Left ventricular muscle mass was significantly increased only in heavy drinkers. Left ventricular function at rest was not depressed in these patients at an average of 31 days after the last drink of ethanol. Severe heart failure was not found even among the group of heavy drinkers, of whom more than 90% had liver dysfunction. Cardiac hypertrophy seems to occur in heavy drinkers, but is clinically well compensated in the majority of alcoholics. PMID- 7317221 TI - Clinical presentation and non-invasive diagnosis of right heart masses. AB - Right-sided cardiac masses do not have a uniform clinical presentation. Successful diagnosis is dependent on a high index of suspicion and appropriate echocardiographic examination. Five cases of right sided intracardiac masses have been detected during the period that echocardiography has been routinely available to us--two of right atrial myxoma, one of right atrial thrombus, and two of right ventricular tumour. M-mode echocardiography identified four of the five cases. Two-dimensional echocardiography was necessary to establish the non invasive diagnosis in the fifth case. Echocardiography should be used in any patient in whom a right sided mass is suspected, or in those patients presenting with signs of tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, cyanotic heart disease, progressive right heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, or pulmonary emboli without obvious source. PMID- 7317222 TI - Coronary arterial pattern in superoinferior ventricular heart. Implications on significance of morphogenesis of this anomaly. AB - The coronary arterial pattern was studied in two patients with superoinferior ventricular heart and haemodynamically complete transposition. In one of them the aorta was dextro-positioned and in the other laevo-positioned. In both the right coronary artery arose from the posterior aortic sinus and the left coronary artery from the left aortic sinus. This pattern is similar to the common coronary arterial pattern in complete transposition of the great arteries. The similarity supports the theory that in the superoinferior ventricular heart the connections between the ventricles and the great arteries (concordant or discordant) area those of the basic condition--complete transposition or corrected transposition. The angiocardiographic findings indicate that relations are not always as expected for a given connection. PMID- 7317224 TI - A case of spontaneous resolution of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 7317223 TI - Platelet functions in relation to diet and serum lipids in British farmers. AB - Coagulation and platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, ADP, adrenaline, and collagen were studied in three contrasted groups, each of 20 to 22 middle-aged male farmers. Serum lipids were similar in the three groups. In the west of Scotland group, however, platelet reactivity was significantly greater than in the east of Scotland. This was associated with a dietary intake, evaluated by three different techniques, higher in saturated fat but also lower in polyunsaturated fat and alcohol. Platelet function in the southern England group also correlated with dietary fats and in addition inversely with calcium intake. On an individual basis in the 63 farmers, all the platelet function tests were significantly correlated with the intake of saturated fat regulated by that of calcium and alcohol. The dietary effects on platelets appear to be mediated by the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids and of platelet phospholipids. In that fraction, the fatty acids 20:3 omega 9, 22:3 omega 9 and 20:4 were the most closely related to the platelet function tests. the trienoic acid 20:3 omega 9, identified with essential fatty acid deficiency, was also correlated with the intake of saturated fat and calcium. In this study, platelet functions were more dependent upon the dietary factors associated with coronary heart disease such as saturated fats, calcium, and alcohol than upon serum lipids. PMID- 7317225 TI - Tricuspid valve replacement for Ebstein's anomaly. A 19 year review of the first case. PMID- 7317226 TI - Echocardiographic demonstration of aortic root abscess after infective endocarditis. AB - We describe a patient with infective endocarditis in whom the diagnosis was apparent only on two-dimensional echocardiography. There was no clinical or haematological evidence of active endocarditis and the diagnosis was made by the demonstration of an abscess cavity and vegetation posterior and lateral to the aortic root, deforming the left atrial cavity. The findings were confirmed by cardiac catheterisation and operation. PMID- 7317227 TI - Two dimensional echocardiographic categorisation of the univentricular heart. Ventricular morphology, type, and mode of atrioventricular connection. AB - Most univentricular hearts have two chambers in their ventricular mass, only one of which possesses an atrioventricular connection. Categorisation into univentricular heart of right, left, or indeterminate type, using two dimensional echocardiography has been successfully achieved in 122 out of 132 patients to whom this technique has been applied. Thus, right ventricular rudimentary chambers in 84 univentricular hearts of left ventricular type were shown to be anterosuperior and either to the right or left. In contrast, left ventricular rudimentary chambers in 25 univentricular hearts of right ventricular type were posteroinferior and to the right, left, or directly posterior. Thirteen univentricular hearts of indeterminate morphology were characterised by absence of rudimentary chamber on angiography and echocardiography. The trabecular pattern of both main and rudimentary chambers were separately identified in some of the patients with univentricular hearts of right and left ventricular type and two dimensional echocardiography also illustrated the mode of atrioventricular connection, either via two atrioventricular valves, a common valve, or a valve straddling or overriding the trabecular septum. Finally it was also possible to distinguish absent atrioventricular connection from an imperforate valve in 10 patients. PMID- 7317228 TI - Assessment of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Twenty-three patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography. In all cases the diagnosis was made before invasive procedures, with surgical or angiocardiographic confirmation. Eleven patients had supracardiac drainage (three to the coronary sinus, two to the right atrium,) and seven had infracardiac drainage. In the majority of cases the precise pattern of drainage could be identified by combining suprasternal, praecordial, and subcostal views. In 12 cases where the suprasternal cut was used a pulmonary venous confluence could be identified, having a cross-like structure in nine, with three others appearing as a dilated channel behind and separate from the left atrium. Thus, two-dimensional echocardiography reliably makes the diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and in the majority the precise pattern of drainage can be determined. PMID- 7317229 TI - Reliability and clinical relevance of detection of vegetations by echocardiography in bacterial endocarditis. AB - The efficacy of M-mode echocardiography in identifying vegetations and the clinical relevance of such a finding were evaluated in 36 patients with bacterial endocarditis, 18 of whom had pre-existing valvar lesions. Of 22 patients with vegetations demonstrated by echocardiography, 21 had major complications of bacterial endocarditis and eight died, whereas only eight of the 14 patients without detectable vegetations had similar complications and only two died. Nine of the 11 patients with pre-existing valvar lesions and echocardiographic evidence of vegetations came to operation or necropsy, and in eight of these the presence of vegetations was confirmed. In the other, none was found at surgery performed after an interval of six months. M-mode echocardiography can reliably detect vegetations in patients with bacterial endocarditis even in the presence of pre-existing valvar lesions, and may permit the identification of a subset of high risk patients who may need early surgery. PMID- 7317230 TI - Quantification of valvar regurgitation by cardiac gated pool imaging. PMID- 7317232 TI - Pulmonary perfusion imaging applied to prediction of pulmonary vascular pressures in mitral and aortic valve disease. AB - Radionuclide lung perfusion imaging was performed on 27 patients with valvular disease of the left heart. The ratio of upper to total counts for the lungs, determined by computer, was correlated against pulmonary vascular mean pressures. A close correlation (r = 0.91) was obtained against pulmonary wedge pressure. After corrective cardiac surgery upper/total ratios fell towards normal in four patients in whom pulmonary vascular pressures were measured and the correlation persisted. This simple non-invasive index can be used to follow changes in pulmonary venous hypertension. PMID- 7317231 TI - Conduction tissue changes associated with enlarged membranous septum--a cause of sudden death? AB - We have studied four hearts in which enlargement of the ventricular membranous septum was associated with histological abnormalities of the atrioventricular conduction tissues. Two of the cases showed unusually formed penetrating and non branching main atrioventricular bundles. These two cases plus one other also showed right-sided penetrating and main atrioventricular bundles. In addition these three cases all showed extensive fibre loss affecting the origin of the left bundle, which in one heart was further accompanied by fibre loss in the main bundle. The conduction tissue damage in the fourth case, though more extensive, was not as clearly related to the enlarged membranous septum since the heart in this case was also enlarged and dilated (congestive cardiomyopathy). Our findings, while obviously not conclusive, suggest that conduction changes in the presence of an enlarged membranous septum could be added to the list of causes of sudden cardiac death. They certainly indicate that when an enlarged membranous septum is found in cases of sudden death, histological study of the conduction system is desirable. PMID- 7317233 TI - Relation between admission time, haemodynamic measurements, and prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 7317234 TI - Transseptal pressure gradient with leftward septal displacement during the Mueller manoeuvre in man. AB - Septal displacement is postulated as an important mediator of ventricular interdependence. During acute right ventricular loading with the Mueller manoeuvre the septum flattens and shifts leftward. To investigate the mechanism of this septal deformation, we measured transseptal pressures in nine patients during Mueller manoeuvres with simultaneous right and left ventricular micromanometers, and left ventricular configuration with two-dimensional echocardiograms. Data were analysed throughout diastole and at end-systole during control and maximum Mueller manoeuvre (-40 to -80 mmHg airway pressure). Leftward septal displacement during the Mueller manoeuvre was evidenced by an increase in septal radius of curvature at end-diastole persisting through end-systole. The left ventricular free wall radius of curvature was unchanged. During the Mueller manoeuvre, the left ventricular cavity area decreased significantly in the cross sectional view. All Mueller manoeuvres were associated with a decrease in left-to right ventricular transseptal pressure gradient throughout diastole. There was no significant change in the gradient at end-systole; septal flattening persisted, however, despite a pronounced left to right pressure gradient. Thus, diastolic septal flattening during right ventricular loading is associated with a decreased transseptal pressure gradient but does not require right ventricular diastolic pressure to exceed left ventricular diastolic pressure. The persistence of flattening in systole suggests that once septal shift occurs during diastole, other forces during systole maintain the deformity despite a large intracavitary transseptal gradient. PMID- 7317235 TI - Immediate and sustained haemodynamic effects of prazosin during upright exercise in man. AB - To ascertain the immediate pharmacodynamic and long-term haemodynamic effects of prazosin in chronic ambulant heart failure, measurements were made during sitting, standing, and walking in 12 patients with severe ischaemic left ventricular failure before and after their first dose of prazosin (2 mg) and in six of these patients after a further 12 weeks of sustained treatment (2 mg tds). When first added to treatment with digoxin and frusemide, prazosin was followed within an hour by substantial reductions in systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary venous pressures in both postures at rest and also during walking. These changes were significantly attenuated after continued treatment. Cardiac output while sitting and standing at rest was reduced in both instances but the response to exercise was unchanged. The pharmacodynamic effects of prazosin in heart failure are explicable in terms of blockade of alpha1 adrenoceptors in arterial resistance and venous capacitance vessels augmented perhaps by lessening of reflex vasoconstriction secondary to the reduction in pulmonary venous pressure. The cause of the attenuation of the acute haemodynamic effects of the drug during sustained treatment is unknown. PMID- 7317236 TI - Interrupted aortic arch type A associated with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries and ventricular septal defect. Successful direct aortic anastomosis and pulmonary artery banding in an infant. AB - A case is described of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (atrioventricular discordance, ventriculoarterial discordance) with interrupted aortic arch, a previously unreported association. Aortic continuity was achieved by direct surgical anastomosis. Pulmonary artery banding was subsequently necessary, because of heart failure associated with a large ventricular septal defect. A possible pathogenetic mechanism is suggested. PMID- 7317237 TI - Occlusion of peripheral pulmonary vascular bed in a baby with idiopathic persistent fetal circulation. PMID- 7317238 TI - Response of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia to verapamil. AB - A 28-year-old man is described with no demonstrable organic heart disease and recurrent paroxysmal attacks of sustained ventricular tachycardia. Lignocaine and ajmaline failed to terminate the first attack but a bolus infection of verapamil succeeded. This drug was subsequently successful on six more occasions. During electrophysiological study of the eighth attack, slow intravenous administration of verapamil significantly reduced the rate of the tachycardia and prevented its subsequent reinitiation by pacing. Two mechanisms are postulated to explain both the arrhythmia and the beneficial effects of verapamil in this case. PMID- 7317239 TI - Aortic atresia with "corrected transposition of the great arteries" (atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance). PMID- 7317240 TI - Tachycardia-dependent left posterior hemiblock. AB - A patient with intermittent tachycardia-dependent left posterior hemiblock is reported. Electrocardiographic patterns of complete and incomplete block were documented. Identification of the electrocardiographic characteristics of intraventricular conduction defects is aided when they are intermittent. The difficulty in diagnosing incomplete left posterior hemiblock, and the possible masking of the signs of previous inferior infarction by left posterior hemiblock are emphasised. PMID- 7317241 TI - Prevention of infective endocarditis. PMID- 7317242 TI - Isoflurane. PMID- 7317243 TI - A method for achieving rapidly steady-state blood concentrations of I.V. drugs. AB - The theoretical basis of a pharmacokinetic method to obtain rapidly and maintain a steady plasma concentration of an i. v. drug is described. Computer simulations of morphine disposition in man, using pharmacokinetic constants obtained from the literature, are provided as examples of steady-state dose regimens. The usefulness and potential limitations of the method are discussed. PMID- 7317244 TI - Reduction of venous sequelae of i.v. diazepam with a fat emulsion as solvent. AB - Venous sequelae were studied in 93 female patients undergoing minor gynaecological procedures. They were premedicated with diazepam i. v. dissolved in a fat emulsion (Diazemuls) injected to a superficial vein of the right hand. The patients observed the site of injection for 14 days and recorded their findings. Twenty-eight per cent reported mild tenderness and 7.5% mild or moderate swelling of short duration. Signs of thrombophlebitis were found in 2.2%. Thrombophlebitis after injection can be prevented effectively and safely using fat emulsion as a solvent for diazepam. PMID- 7317245 TI - Diazepam in rectal solution as premedication in children, with special reference to serum concentrations. AB - The absorption of rectal diazepam solution was studied in 22 children aged 1-9 yr by measuring serum concentrations. The mean dose was 0.27 +/- 0.09 mgkg-1. The mean serum concentration was 98.5 +/- 53.5 ng ml-1 4 min after administration and 206.7 +/- 105.8 ng ml-1 at 11 min. The correlation between dose and serum concentration was statistically significant at both times. With a dose of 0.4-05 mgkg-1 an adequate serum concentration was achieved within 5-6 min. No side effects were observed. A rectal solution provides a faster, more effective and reliable alternative to tablets and suppositories, and to the uncertain i.m. injection of diazepam. Meticulous nursing is important. PMID- 7317246 TI - Glycopyrrolate in children. AB - The effects of glycopyrrolate 10 microgram kg-1 i.v. given at induction of anaesthesia were compared with those of atropine 20 microgram kg-1 i.v. given at induction and oral atropine 30 microgram kg-1 given 90 min before operation. Antisialagogue effect, changes in axillary temperature, heart rate, frequency of cardiac arrhythmia and postoperative restlessness were determined. Patients who had received oral atropine had more pharyngeal secretions, a lower heart rate and a greater frequency of cardiac arrhythmia than when either atropine or glycopyrrolate was given i.v. Secretions were significantly less during operation when i.v. glycopyrrolate was used. PMID- 7317247 TI - Plasma protein concentration and recovery from anaesthesia in man. AB - The effect of the concentration of plasma protein on the recovery from anaesthesia induced by equipotent doses (UD95) of thiopentone and Althesin was studied in 48 patients. The recovery time (RT) wa plotted against the concentrations of total plasma proteins (TPP) and albumin (Al). A small decrease in TPP concentration from normal range affected the recovery time minimally; a small decrease in TPP concentration from a low basal value markedly increased the recovery time with both agents. A large decrease in TPP concentration increased the recovery time from thiopentone and Althesin markedly. PMID- 7317248 TI - Pain relief following post-ganglionic sympathetic blockade with I.V. guanethidine. AB - Thirty-one patients with pain in one or both hands associated with sympathetic dystrophy or Raynaud's disease were studied before and after the administration of a placebo and guanethidine 10mg i.v. Before and after the injections each patient reported his pain and had sympathetic activity assessed by: (1) palmar sweating; (2) skin temperature; (3) hand blood flow and (4) the ice response of hand blood flow. There was no significant change in any index after the placebo injection, nor was there any change in palmar sweating after guanethidine. Following guanethidine there were significant changes in reported pain (P less than 0.001), skin temperature (P less than 0.05), hand blood flow (P less than 0.001) and the ice response of hand blood flow (P less than 0.001). The results confirm the importance of the post-ganglionic sympathetic nervous system in the transmission of pain in these patients. PMID- 7317249 TI - Comparison of atropine and glycopyrrolate in a mixture with pyridostigmine for the antagonism of neuromuscular block. AB - Neuromuscular block was antagonized using pyridostigmine 250 micrograms kg-1 in two groups of 50 patients; one group received atropine 20 micrograms kg-1 and the other glycopyrrolate 10 micrograms kg-1 with the anticholinesterase drug. Atropine was associated with a greater initial tachycardia than was glycopyrrolate. The subsequent bradycardia was also greater in this group, although the decreases in heart rate were smaller than those generally observed following mixtures of atropine and neostigmine. Arrhythmias were transient and required no treatment in either group. Better control of secretions was achieved with glycopyrrolate. PMID- 7317250 TI - Lack of effect of ketamine analgesia on gastric emptying in man. AB - The effect of ketamine analgesia on gastric emptying was assessed in five healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying, estimated indirectly by the absorption of orally administered paracetamol, was not significantly delayed following administration of i.m. ketamine when compared with placebo. PMID- 7317251 TI - Equality of the in vivo and in vitro oxygen-binding capacity of haemoglobin in patients with severe respiratory disease. AB - The in vivo and in vitro oxygen-binding capacity of haemoglobin was determined on 10 occasions in nine patients who required mechanical ventilation. The in vitro sample was tonometered with 97% oxygen for 10 min and then with air, while the in vivo sample was obtained after 20 min of lung ventilation with pure oxygen. Subsequent laboratory procedures were identical for both samples. The mean oxygen binding capacity of haemoglobin in vitro and in vivo samples were almost equal (1.365 +2- 0.010 and 1,366 +/- 0.007 ml per g Hb). When the measured inactive fractions of haemoglobin (carboxy- and methaemoglobin) were taken into account, these values increased to 1.392 +/- 0.005 and 1.392 +/- 0.007 ml per g Hb respectively. PMID- 7317253 TI - Prolongation of the Q-T interval (Romano-Ward syndrome): anaesthetic management. AB - The anaesthetic management is described of a patient with prolonged Q-T interval which had been complicated by ventricular fibrillation at induction of general anaesthesia for a previous operation. This complication was prevented by effective premedication with i.v. propranolol and block of the left stellate ganglion. PMID- 7317252 TI - Steady-state plasma fentanyl in the rabbit. AB - Linear pharmacokinetic models were obtained for fentanyl in anaesthetized rabbits. A composite model was used to predict the bolus dose and infusion rates necessary to achieve rapidly a steady-state concentration of fentanyl in plasma. When this was tested in a further six rabbits, steady-state concentrations were greater than predicted. The most likely reasons for this are imperfect mixing between plasma and the central compartment, and substantial uptake of fentanyl by the lung. These sources of error were allowed for in modifications to the model. On further testing, a 4-h infusion set to achieve a plasma fentanyl concentration of 10 ng ml-1 yielded actual concentrations ranging from a mean low of 8.7 ng ml 1 to a mean high of 18.0 ng ml-1. The second model described more precisely the disposition of fentanyl, although a tendency to overestimate dosing requirement remained. This tendency is probably a consequence of continuing lung uptake of fentanyl. The demonstrated ability to obtain rapidly and maintain for 4h "steady" blood fentanyl concentrations suggests that the methods merits further investigation with other drugs both in animals and man. PMID- 7317254 TI - Electromyographic monitoring of neuromuscular block. AB - Neuromuscular blocking agents are widely used in anaesthesia, and a simple quantitative method of monitoring their effects is desirable. This paper describes a new instrument which has been developed for electromyographic monitoring of neuromuscular block by a non-invasive technique which is both reliable and easy to use. The median nerve is stimulated at the wrist and the electromyogram (e.m.g.) from a thenar muscle is detected, rectified and integrated electronically to produce a meter display of the assessment of block. The method is recommended for routine use. PMID- 7317255 TI - Postoperative effects of methylphenidate. PMID- 7317256 TI - P.V.C. cuffs and lignocaine-base aerosol. PMID- 7317257 TI - Immunological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 7317258 TI - Clinical considerations of ankle injuries. PMID- 7317259 TI - Acute appendicitis and social class. PMID- 7317260 TI - Head injuries in general practice. PMID- 7317261 TI - Facial erythema and telangiectasia with synalar cream. PMID- 7317262 TI - A case of inappropriate ADH secretion in association with radiation necrosis of the bladder. PMID- 7317263 TI - Scrotal Cancer - a notifiable occupational disease. PMID- 7317264 TI - An unusual case of benign tumour of nipple. PMID- 7317265 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis and scleroderma occurring in a man. PMID- 7317266 TI - Torsion of a polycystic omental lymphangioma. PMID- 7317267 TI - Multiple primary cancers of the breast and ovary. AB - Multiple primary cancer of the breast and ovary were investigated as part of a survey being undertaken at the Birmingham and West Midlands Regional Cancer Registry. Population-based data relating to 17,756 registrations for breast and 3470 for ovarian cancer between 1950 and 1964 were analysed. On the basis of person-years at risk and incidence rates for the Region (1960-1962), an increased risk of a second primary tumour in the ovary was observed in patients diagnosed with a first primary in the breast before 45 years of age (O = 8; E = 1.83; P less than 0.001). No excess was found in patients diagnosed after 45 years of age (O = 15; E = 17.06). In patients with an index tumour of the ovary, the observed number of second primary tumours of the breast was not significantly different from the expected number (O = 19; E = 12.95). Complementary analysis (a combined assessment for the 2 sites) showed that the development of a first primary at either site before 45 years of age carried a 2.8-fold risk of a second primary tumour at the other site (O = 9; E = 3.21; P less than 0.01). After 45 years of age no increased risk was found (O = 32; E = 28.63). Over all ages a 1.3-fold risk was observed (O = 42; E = 31.54; P less than 0.05). No evidence of subfertility was found in the 9 patients in the high-risk premenopausal group who developed the 2 tumours. The results are more consistent with an aetiology of early exposure to an external carcinogen than with one of abnormal hormone production. PMID- 7317268 TI - Incidence of childhood tumours in Queensland. AB - The incidence of childhood cancer in Queensland has been studied using the data of the population-based Queensland Childhood Malignancy Registry. During the 7 year period 1973-1979, 454 cases were registered, giving an annual age-specific incidence of 11.34/10(5) for the age group 0-14 years inclusive. There was a male/female ratio of 1.36. The commonest group of diseases was that of the leukaemias, followed by that of CNS tumours. The incidences of the various types of tumour in Queensland have been compared with those from other reported series. The incidence of leukaemia was midway between that of U.S. whites and that of Manchester, while the incidences of lymphoma and Wilms' tumour were much closer to those of the United States. Ewing's tumour was considerably commoner than osteosarcoma. PMID- 7317269 TI - Assessing tumour markers. AB - This paper explores the factors involved in assessing the value of a tumour marker test in differential diagnosis and patient monitoring. The difficulties have been grossly underestimated, and in the past it has been tacitly assumed that an association between the tumour-marker level and the presence of malignancy is sufficient to prove the usefulness of the test. Part 1 investigates in depth the principles of design of a study to evaluate a tumour-marker test, bearing in mind the ultimate aim of improving the patient's prognosis. The preliminary research carried out on the tumour marker, the laboratory assay technique itself and the "normal" range of levels or the use of a proposed critical level, are all reviewed. The clinical side presents many problems, including the precise definition of the medical situation in which the addition of a new test may assist, and the estimation of the overall size of this problem. Some examples from studies are given. The general principle of evaluating a tumour marker by considering the clinical situation first without, and then with, a tumour-marker result, is stressed. Part 2 gives some practical advice on the setting-up, administration and analysis of such studies. PMID- 7317270 TI - Prognostic value of preoperative serum CEA level compared to clinical staging. I. Colorectal carcinoma. AB - In a clinical investigation of observed postoperative survival, 563 patients have been registered for primary surgical treatment of colorectal cancer since 1974. The potential prognostic factors examined within the first days of hospitalization for primary resection included age of the patients, operability, location of the tumour, tumour extension and the preoperative serum CEA level. Statistical treatment of the data revealed that each of the clinical parameters except tumour location covers ranges associated with highly significant differences in survival of the patients. The preoperative serum CEA level gave prognostic information in addition to operability or tumour extension. The prognostic significance of the preoperative CEA level was still evident when selected subgroups of patients with distinct resectability and tumour extension were examined. The results indicate that the preoperative serum CEA level is an independent prognostic parameter. PMID- 7317271 TI - A comparison of the response to hyperthermia of murine haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) and L1210 leukaemia cells: enhanced killing of leukaemic cells in presence of normal marrow cells. AB - When the clonogenic survival of mouse haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) and leukaemia L1210 cells growth as ascites tumours are compared after being heated in vitro and assayed in vivo by spleen-colony assay, there is no significant difference in the terminal slopes of the survival curves. The shoulders of the survival curves differ, but this may be explained by differences in cell kinetics. By contrast, L1210 leukaemic marrow cells are considerably more susceptible to the lethal effects of hyperthermia (43 degrees C) than either normal marrow stem cells or L1210 leukaemic cells grown as ascites tumours. Moreover, the killing of L1210 ascites cells by hyperthermia can be enhanced by heating L1210 ascites cells with an equal number of normal marrow cells, or as upernatant removed from heated marrow cells. Most cells in lukaemic marrow are normal, and it is postulated that the increased thermal sensitivity of L1210 cells in leukaemic marrow is caused by diffusible factors (e.g. lysosomal enzymes) released by heating normal marrow cells. PMID- 7317272 TI - Flurbiprofen, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent, protects cells against hypoxic cell radiosensitizers in vitro. AB - Overnight exposure of Chinese hamster cells (V79-753B) to 5 x 10(-5) M flurbiprofen (2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenyl)propionic acid) in vitro reduced the cytotoxic effects of misonidazole, 1-methyl-4-nitro-5-phenoxysulphonylimidazole (NSC 38087) and nitrofurantoin, both in air and in hypoxia at 37 degrees C. Flurbiprofen did not alter the cells' uptake of 14C-misonidazole, nor did it affect the radiosensitivity of aerobic or anaerobic cells, or the degree of hypoxic-cell radiosensitization produced by the sensitizers. When flurbiprofen treated cells were exposed to melphalan there was no protection against cytotoxicity. These data suggest that flurbiprofen may inhibit the catabolism of radiosensitizers to toxic products and indicate the need to examine whether it will protect against misonidazole-induced toxicity in vivo. PMID- 7317273 TI - Secretion-associated lectin-binding sites as a parameter of hormone dependence in mammary carcinoma. PMID- 7317274 TI - Effect of specific growth inhibitors on fluorescein fluorescence polarization spectra in haemopoietic cells. PMID- 7317275 TI - Influence of duration of exposure to 5-fluorouracil on antiproliferating activity against cultured murine lymphoma cells. PMID- 7317276 TI - Coffee and cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 7317277 TI - An assessment of the effect of photochemotherapy (PUVA) and UV-B phototherapy in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 7317278 TI - Effects of PUVA on delayed hypersensitivity in the guinea-pig. AB - Guinea-pigs previously sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were topically treated with 8-methoxypsoralen solution and longwave ultraviolet light (PUVA). The animals showed moderate or no clinical and microscopic responses to an elicitation dose of DNCB given immediately after the period of treatment. Exposure to ultraviolet light or psoralen alone did not affect the allergic response. Ten days after PUVA treatment there was a normal eczematous reaction after application of DNCB. PMID- 7317279 TI - The rate of sebum excretion in man. A study on the reproducibility and the accuracy of the gravimetric method. PMID- 7317280 TI - Prurigo pigmentosa. PMID- 7317281 TI - Familial mandibuloacral dysplasia. AB - A family is described in which two sisters and their two female fifth-cousins were cases of mandibuloacral dysplasia. This syndrome is characterized by mandibular hypoplasia, delayed cranial suture closure, dysplastic clavicles, abbreviated terminal club-shaped phalanges associated with acroosteolysis and atrophy of the skin over hands and feet. Furthermore, in this family alopecia and loss of the lower teeth were noted. We stress the importance of the cutaneous alterations and the possible existence of partial froms of the disease as in one of the patients presented. PMID- 7317282 TI - Pain, itch and endorphins. PMID- 7317283 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: effect of heparin platelet antibody on platelets. AB - The plasma of two patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia has been shown to cause platelet aggregation in the presence of heparin. The platelet aggregating factor was isolated in the IgG reaction of the patients' sera suggesting that it was an antibody. This heparin anti-platelet antibody (HAP-Ab) induced platelet aggregation and release but did not cause platelet lysis, although it fixed complement. Platelet aggregation was inhibited by EDTA and by inactivation of complement. There was a significant production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) implying a role of the prostaglandin synthesis pathway in HAP-Ab induced aggregation. ADP-release also appeared to be involved as apyrase blocked aggregation while hirudin, a thrombin inhibitor, had no effect. The thrombotic complications that have recently been reported in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia may be explained by some effects of HAP-Ab on platelets, namely: the antibody mediated platelet factor 3 release, prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production and platelet aggregation in vivo. These HAP-Ab mediated effects could be inhibited by anti platelet drugs such as aspirin, indomethacin and dipyridamole and thus may have therapeutic implications. PMID- 7317284 TI - Growth of human erythroid and erythroid-granulocytic colonies in culture without addition of exogeneous erythropoietin. AB - Growth of human erythroid and erythroid-granulocytic colonies was investigated in a fibrinogen clot culture system. CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-C and the mixed colonies were grown in cultures in medium conditioned by phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human mononuclear cells, with small amounts of aplastic anaemia serum, but no exogeneous erythropoietin (Epo). The level of Epo in the culture was 0.015 U. The mixed colonies constituted 8-22% of the total colonies grown. The results indicate that high dose Epo is not required to grow BFU-E and the mixed colonies in cultures containing erythroid potentiating factor(s), and the frequency of bipotent haemopoietic stem cells in human bone marrow or peripheral blood may be higher than that reported previously. PMID- 7317285 TI - An examination of the labelling of intact human erythrocytes with 99mTc. PMID- 7317286 TI - Analysis of heat-damaged erythrocyte clearance curves. AB - The rate of clearance from the blood of heat-damaged erythrocytes (HDE) is used routinely as a quantitative assessment of splenic function. The time taken for the value at 3 min to fall by 50% (t0.5)is usually taken as the index of function. The clearance of HDE is dependent on three processes: splenic blood flow, splenic HDE extraction ratio and intrasplenic transit time of "unextracted' HDE, returning to the circulation. Exponential analysis of the clearance curve can resolve these three functions. Simple methods of analysis, however, such as t0.5, which are applied directly to the curve, may be weighted in favour of any one of them. In this paper, a large number of clearance curves have been analysed and the components of splenic function resolved. The t0.5, the percentage fall in HDE between 8 and 28 min (C20), the rate constant at 8 min (K8) and the rate constant of the tail of the curve (alpha 2) have been correlated with these components. K8 showed a close correlation with splenic blood flow, and alpha 2 with the rate of HDE phagocytosis. In general, the correlation between the various components of splenic function was better with C20 than with t0.5. This is explained predominantly by the fact that the t0.5 includes liver clearance. The t0.5 should therefore be used with caution as an estimate of splenic function, which can be usefully assessed by applying alternative simple methods of analysis described. PMID- 7317287 TI - Measurement of red cell volume and splenic red cell pool using 113m indium. AB - Using the lipophilic chelating agent, acetylacetone, red cells have been radiolabelled with the short-lived, generator-produced isotope, 113mIn. Following re-injection of these labelled cells, red cell volume has been measured and compared with corresponding values using 99mTc labelled red cells in 18 patients, and with 51Cr labelled red cells in five patients. 99mTc slightly overestimated red cell volume in relation to 113mIn, but 51Cr values were identical to 113mIn values. There was a close correlation between splenic red cell pool measured with 99mTc and with 113In. It was concluded that the intracellular stability and gamma emission of 113mIn make this isotope a superior alternative to 99mTc and 51Cr in measurements of red cell volume and splenic red cell pool. PMID- 7317288 TI - Ferritin polymers and the formation of haemosiderin. AB - When ferritin is isolated from Chang liver cells in culture iron loading is found to be associated with changes in the surface of the protein shell characterized by a change in immunoreactivity to anti "heart' and anti"spleen' antibodies at each specific pI and an overall shift in isoferritins to a lower pI range (Hoy & Jacobs, 1981). Ferritin polymers have been isolated from human tissues and their biochemical properties assessed in terms of these surface changes and the iron/protein ratio of the molecules. The results suggest that changes in the surface of ferritin molecules are associated with the formation of stable polymers. These are precursors of clumps of ferritin and eventually haemosiderin. Changes in the surface of the molecule may provide a signal for polymerization and incorporation of the protein within the lysosomes. PMID- 7317290 TI - Iron uptake and ferritin synthesis by peripheral blood leucocytes in patients with primary idiopathic haemochromatosis. AB - Iron uptake and storage in peripheral blood leucocytes has been studies to test the hypothesis that the basic lesion in idiopathic haemochromatosis resides in a failure of mononuclear phagocytic cells to store iron. In seven fully treated cases of this disease there was no evidence of any abnormality in iron uptake, synthesis of the storage protein ferritin or its ability to incorporate iron. The ferritin content of leucocytes was found to be increased. PMID- 7317289 TI - Release of iron by resident and stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages following ingestion and degradation of transferrin-antitransferrin immune complexes. AB - A method of loading macrophages from normal and inflammatory mouse peritoneal exudates with 59Fe using 59Fe, 125I-transferrin-antitransferrin immune complexes is described and the subsequent release of iron and degraded transferrin to the incubation medium has been studied. Release of iron occurred more rapidly from resident macrophages than from thioglycollate broth-induced (stimulated) macrophages, but degradation of the 125I-transferrin in the immune complexes was faster in stimulated cells. A small percentage of the iron released was in the form of ferritin. Desferrioxamine (1 mM) increased the release of iron from both stimulated and resident macrophages, the effect being proportionally greater in the stimulated cells. Ascorbic acid (1 mM) had no effect on the release of iron, nor did the addition of apotransferrin (1 mg/ml) to the culture medium. These results support the concept of a blockade of iron release by reticuloendothelial cells in states of inflammation, and suggest that it may be a primary cause of the anaemia of chronic disease. PMID- 7317292 TI - Emperipolesis by megakaryocytes in blood loss. PMID- 7317291 TI - The Budd-Chiari syndrome in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria--revisited. PMID- 7317293 TI - Relationship between type of simple coalworkers' pneumoconiosis and lung function. A nine-year follow-up study of subjects with small rounded opacities. AB - One hundred and twenty-five men who were identified in 1968 as having the simple pneumoconiosis of coalworkers were re-examined nine years later when their mean age was 59.6 years. On both occasions the lung function and response to exercise were assessed. There was no evidence for progression of simple pneumoconiosis between the surveys, but 14 had developed small irregular opacities on their chest radiographs and 28 showed early changes of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). After allowing for the effects of smoking and of exposure to coal dust, subjects with both p and r types of simple pneumoconiosis exhibited a reduced transfer factor compared with subjects having q-type opacities; subjects with r type opacities also showed an increased pulmonary elastic recoil pressure. The presence of irregular opacities, independent of rounded opacities, was associated with a low transfer factor and decreased slope of phase III of the single breath oxygen test. Subjects who developed PMF between 1968 and 1978 had p or r opacities more often than q opacities: these subjects had an increase pulmonary elastic recoil pressure. The development of PMF was also associated with physiological evidence of airways obstruction. The changes in subjects with r opacities are consistent with the presence of space occupying lesions that may progress to PMF. Subjects with p opacities have physiological evidence of emphysema as do some subjects with established PMF. Irregular opacities may reflect the presence of both emphysema and diffuse fibrosis. There is need for more morbid anatomical evidence on the underlying pathology. PMID- 7317294 TI - Factors predisposing to the development of progressive massive fibrosis in coal miners. AB - Altogether 238 759 miners employed by the National Coal Board were examined in the third of the Board's radiological surveys from 1969 to 1973 inclusive. Excluding those diagnosed as having progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) on that occasion, 210 847 were in collieries still operating at the time of the fourth survey four to five years later 132 728 attended for radiography at the same colliery on the second occasion, and were used to study the attack rate of PMF. In all groups in the age range 35-54 and having category 2 simple pneumoconiosis (SPN) or less, 80% or more had a second radiograph. It was found that the probability of developing PMF increased sharply with rising category of SPN; however, half the cases occurred in men having SPN categories 0 or 1, who were in the majority. Current coalface work had no significant effect on the attack rate. Age increased the attack rate of PMF within each major SPN category (0, 1, 2, and 3), especially the higher categories. All or part of this effect may have been due to the fact that SPN in younger men with categories 1 and 2 tends to lie in the lower range within these categories. Similarly, a lower distribution of SPN within each category associated with a low overall local prevalence may account wholly or in part for the great difference between the attack rates of PMF supervening on each category of SPN in Scotland and South Wales. The rank (quality) of coal mined had no effect on the attack rate. PMID- 7317295 TI - Respiratory cancer in a cohort of nickel sinter plant workers. AB - A study was undertaken of a cohort of nickel refinery workers from a sinter plant that operated from 1948 to 1962. A complete follow-up of the 495 workers has been carried out by searching death records and other measures. Incidence cases known to the Workmen's Compensation Board of Ontario have been included. Fifty-four cases of lung cancer and eight of sinus cancer (including two in men who subsequently developed primary lung cancer) were located. The risk of lung and sinus cancer was much higher in the earlier days of operation of the plant, with an increase rate of over 40% for those employed in the first year of operation. The dose-response relationship has been examined by regressions of standardised morality ratios (SMR) and standardised incidence ratios (SIR). The SIR suggests that the risk doubled at levels of exposure of 12 months (six months in the earlier years). PMID- 7317297 TI - Acute behavioral effects of styrene exposure: a further analysis. AB - Studies were carried out on two groups to styrene-based resin. Early morning urinary mandelic acid concentrations after two days without exposure correlated with reaction time measured on arrival at work. Men were found to differ considerably in their rate of clearance of mandelic acid-those with slow reaction times. After some months at reduced exposure, a small group of men with previously high mandelic acid concentrations has speeded up on the reaction time task. PMID- 7317296 TI - Ventilatory function in workers exposed to tea and wood dust. AB - Changes in ventilatory capacity during the work shift were studied in workers exposed to tea dust in tea-packing plants, wood dust in two furniture factories, and virtually no dust in an inoperational power station. The FEV1 and FVC in workers exposed to dust were found to decline during the work shift by a small but significant volume. The MMFR, Vmax 50% and Vmax 75% were to variable to display any trend. No dose-response relationship could be discerned between the fall in workers' ventilatory capacity and the concentrations of airborne dust or microbes to which they were exposed. Bronchodilators could reverse the fall in FEV1. PMID- 7317298 TI - Some observations on workers exposed to methylene chloride. AB - An excess of self-reported neurological symptoms was found when a group of 46 men exposed to methylene chloride at concentrations below 100 ppm was compared with a non-exposed referent group. A follow-up study was then carried out to see whether there was any evidence of neuropsychological damage in the exposed men. Twenty nine of the original group participated in this study. Age-matched controls controls were selected from among men working on a similar process but with no exposure to solvents. Each man in the study had a clinical examination; motor conduction velocities were measured in the ulnar and median nerves; an ECG was taken and a psychological test battery was designed to detect minimal brain damage was administered. No evidence was found of long-term damage that could be attributed to exposure to methylene chloride. PMID- 7317299 TI - Occupational and individual factors in acute shoulder-neck disorders among industrial workers. AB - Twenty workers, consecutively attending the industrial health care centre for the first time with acute shoulder-neck pains, were subject to extensive rheumatological and ergonomic examinations. In seven patients congenital malformations for diseases causing musculoskeletal symptoms, or both, were probable aetiological factors. In the remaining 13 patients a significantly higher load was found on both shoulders (assessed by biomechanical film analysis) than in matched control. Age, anthropometric measures, muscle strength, or HLAB27 did not appear as significant predisposing factors. Most patients could return to work within a year. PMID- 7317300 TI - Magnitude and distribution of trunk stresses in telecommunications engineers. AB - The incidence of back injuries has been shown to be greater in occupations as heavy manual work than light manual work. To plan a programme aimed at reducing the incidence of back injuries in industry those workers at high risk of incurring handling accidents and back injuries need to be identified and a knowledge of the specific occupational factors causing such injuries sought. This has been achieved for telecommunications engineers using epidemiological and radio pressure pill methodologies. The results verify the correlation between the back injury rates and physical work stresses of different occupational groups. The magnitude and relative frequency of trunk stresses in hazardous tasks has been determined and compared with those with lower incidences of back disorders. The study has confirmed that in examining manual handling hazards in industrial male populations a critical value of truncal stress can be applied and used to determine the safety of occupational factors in relation to their potential causing or contributing to degenerative back diseases. PMID- 7317301 TI - A study of the mortality of Cornish tin miners. AB - Increased mortality from cancer of the lung has been found in several studies of miners exposed to high levels of radioactivity in underground air. In view of their exposure to raised levels of radiation, we have studied the mortality of a group of men recorded as Cornish tin miners in 1939. Using occupational description, a crude classification of exposure was derived for these miners. The meaningfulness of this classification was supported by differences in mortality from silicosis and silicotuberculosis. A twofold excess of cancer of the lung was found for underground miners, while for other categories mortality from this cause was less than expected. This supports the findings of previous studies on exposure to radon and its daughters. An excess of cancer of the stomach was also observed among underground miners. PMID- 7317302 TI - Screening for occupational vitiligo in workers exposed to hydroquinone monomethyl ether and to paratertiary-amyl-phenol. AB - Two men reported previously with vitiligo after occupational exposure to hydroquinone monomethyl ether (HMME) have been reviewed after eight years. Repigmentation of significant degree was found in one man and of limited degree in the other. One hundred and sixty-nine men in the same works have been screened with Wood's light for evidence of vitiligo. No cases were found in the 148 men exposed to HMME (colleagues who screened 100 men exposed to HMME in two other factories also found no case) or in the 129 who had been exposed to paratertiary amyl-phenol. Loss of light reflection on Wood's light examination was observed in 13 men due to scars or to other skin disorders. PMID- 7317304 TI - A technique to prepare asbestos air samples for light and electron microscopy. AB - The direct transfer technique used in preparing waterborne asbestos for analysis by transmission electron microscopy is also suitable for preparing airborne asbestos collected on polycarbonate filters for light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The same area and even the same fibre may be examined by the three microscopic methods and individual fibres identified by optical and electron-optical techniques and by x-ray microanalysis. PMID- 7317303 TI - Non-invasive magnetopneumographic determination of lung dust loads in steel arc welders. AB - Magnetopneumography was used to measure non-invasively the concentration of the ferrimagnetic fraction of retained welding fume in the thoraces of steel arc welders. This was done by measuring the remanent magnetic fields due to ferrimagnetic particles. The 11 welders studied had concentrations of thoracic ferrimagnetic mineral several orders of magnitude greater than three machinists, 16 former asbestos insulators and 24 control subjects. These concentrations correlated well with total years welding (p less than 0.01) and radiographic evidence of small rounded densities (p less than 0.05), but not with smoking history. There was a higher concentration of ferrimagnetic mineral over the hilar regions. Magnetopneumography offers a non-invasive indicator of the accumulation of welding fume in the thorax. PMID- 7317305 TI - Silicosis. PMID- 7317307 TI - Recent advances in the analysis of a repertory grid. PMID- 7317306 TI - The young Jewish revivalist: a therapist's dilemma. AB - This article presents and discusses: (a) some of the diagnostic and psychotherapeutic problems which emerged when dealing with extremely religious Jewish young men; and (b) conscious ethical questions and unperceived counter transference reactions to religion and religious patients which may overburden the therapist's helping capacity, thereby curtailing the beneficial extent of his intervention. The setting of the therapeutic process is an open intensive care unit. The possible implications and effects of carrying out institutional therapy with this particular kind of patient are also analysed. PMID- 7317308 TI - Level of ego development and psychotherapy outcome in phobic patients. AB - forty male and 86 female phobic outpatients were randomly assigned to three treatment conditions (behaviour therapy with Imipramine: behaviour therapy with placebo; and supportive therapy with Imipramine) and seen in therapy for a 26 week period. They were initially assessed for level of ego development on Loevinger's Sentence Completion measure and evaluated for initial level of pathology and therapy outcome. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, performed separately for the female and male groups, yielded results as follows: (1) patients at the preconformist level improved significantly less than the patients at the other levels; (2) an interaction between the use of medication and level of ego development was also found, with postconformist patients reporting the least benefit from the drug. These findings were significant only for the female patients. PMID- 7317309 TI - A large group in a district general hospital. AB - This article describes a large group in a district general hospital serving a defined catchment area. Fifteen consecutive meetings were studied and three types of meeting were observed; manic meetings, depressed meetings and, thirdly more balanced meetings not dominated by any powerful affect. The main topics discussed in the meetings included depression, illness, anxieties about treatment or recurrence, doctors, bereavement, loneliness, religion, and death, the more medical subjects possibly reflecting the medical orientation of the treatment programme. The principal themes in this meeting differ from those described in therapeutic communities, when themes of violence, rejection, sexuality and dependence conflicts figure more prominently. In the setting of the district general hospital, the character of the meeting appeared to be largely determined by the composition of the ward at the time, and patients with affective disorders. by virtue of their powerful moods, often assumed a dominant role. PMID- 7317313 TI - Dyad grid dilemmas in patients and control subjects. PMID- 7317312 TI - Quarrels, separations and infidelity in the two days preceding self-poisoning episodes. AB - Self-poisoning patients and their relatives or friends were interviewed following admission to a general hospital. Events involving a key person, especially quarrels, were common in the two days preceding the overdose. Quarrels were more common events in women than men. It is argued that the frequency of quarrels supports the idea that hostility is important in the motivation of self poisoners. It is hypothesized that differences in the frequency of key events and those under and over 36 years might arise from depressive illness being more frequently found in the older group. PMID- 7317310 TI - Borderline states: prognosis and psychotherapy. AB - In the authors' opinion the borderline concept covers a group of patients difficult to define and to delineate but nevertheless a group different from the conventional diagnostic groups of neurosis and psychosis. During work with a follow-up study of borderline patients it occurred to the authors that the classification of Grinker et al., which makes it possible to divide borderline patients into four groups, can fruitfully be combined with the object relation theory of "the English school" of psychoanalysis. A patient's belonging to one of Grinker's groups is shown to be informative as to how this patient has "solved" what Fairbairn calls "the schizoid dilemma". The conceptual framework thus set up is useful in planning the treatment of borderline patients: each subgroup of borderline patients as described by the authors can be given its own indications and contra-indications as far as working alliance and treatment plan are concerned. PMID- 7317314 TI - Therapeutic paradox - the patient culture and the formal treatment programme in a therapeutic community. AB - Data collected by participant observation in a day hospital are used to examine the complex relationship between informal patient interaction and the formal group therapy programme of this therapeutic community. It was evident that staff might view apparently similar informal patient activities in quite different lights, as either complementary or as detrimental to the work of the formal groups. This apparent inconsistency in staff prescriptions was turned to a therapeutic purpose. Staff would point out to patients the "paradox" of the constant inconsistency of prescriptions for behaviour in daily life: parallels were drawn with the contingent and defeasible prescriptions to which patients were subject in most spheres of human activity. In learning to cope with incipiently contradictory prescriptions inside the day hospital it was felt that patients might learn to cope with incipiently contradictory prescriptions in their relationships outside the day hospital. PMID- 7317311 TI - The attitudes of psychiatrists to deliberate self-poisoning: comparison with physicians and nurses. AB - The attitudes of junior psychiatrists to deliberate self-poisoning were assessed on the basis of their answers to a series of questions concerning four case vignettes. They spontaneously indicated goals for the behaviour in only a minority of cases. Emphasis should be placed on identifying instrumental aspects of overdoses during training in the assessment of self-poisoning patients. The psychiatrists attributed similar reasons for the cases as did physicians and nurses who were previously investigated using the same method. However, compared with the physicians, the psychiatrists showed more sympathetic attitude to the patients and their behaviour, and a greater willingness to help them. The psychiatrists and nurses were similar in this respect. The findings are discussed in the light of recent innovations in the management of self-poisoning patients in general hospitals. PMID- 7317315 TI - Type A behaviour, life-events and myocardial infarction: independent or related risk factors? AB - The Type A behaviour pattern has been associated with the onset of myocardial infarction (MI). So too, though independently, has the presence of stressful life events in the period preceding illness. The present paper examines the notion that persons characterized by the Type A behaviour pattern organize life-styles in such a way as to increase the probability of encountering stressful life events. Significant correlations were indeed found between a measure of Type A behaviour and both reported frequency of life-events and estimates of the emotional impact of these, for a sample of 120 survivors of MI. While such retrospective data do not provide casual evidence that Type A behaviour influences MI by way of stressful life-events, they point the way to a future prospective test of this hypothesis. PMID- 7317316 TI - Depression, common sense, and psychosocial evolution. PMID- 7317317 TI - Reversibility of optic nerve damage in primate eyes subjected to intraocular pressure above systolic blood pressure. PMID- 7317318 TI - Ischaemic optic neuropathy with painful ophthalmoplegia in diabetes mellitus. AB - Two patients with mild, adult-onset diabetes mellitus developed a painful ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral optic neuropathy that was relatively unresponsive to steroids. Histopathological study of the optic nerve of one patient revealed an extensive ischaemic infarct. There was ultimate recovery from the cranial nerve palsies in both patients and the optic neuropathy in one patient. Ischaemic polyneuropathy involving the cranial nerves may cause an orbital apex/cavernous sinus syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 7317319 TI - Moraxella keratitis in a nonalcoholic population. AB - Moraxella keratitis has been commonly described as a disease of debilitated older patients, particularly malnourished chronic alcoholics. This communication reviews the features of corneal infection due to Moraxella nonliquifaciens occurring in both young and old patients in otherwise good general health. Chronic corneal epithelial disturbance was a common finding in the 8 patients reported, indicating that more localised corneal debilitation may have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 7317320 TI - Clinical observations on the corneal thickness and the corneal endothelium in diabetes mellitus. AB - The corneal thickness was measured by pachometry and the corneal endothelium was photographed by specular microscopy in 81 insulin-dependent juvenile diabetic outpatients. The corneal thickness of a normal group, diabetics without and with proliferative retinopathy was (mean +/- SD): 0.527 +/- 0.028, 0.544 +/- 0.028, and 0.566 +/- 0.027 mm, respectively (2p less than 0.01). As revealed in the specular photomicrographs, minute folds in the endothelial layer were found in 13 of the diabetics versus 1 of the normal group (2p less than 0.01). The cell density and the occurrence of dystrophic changes in the endothelium did not differ from those in normal persons. The augmented corneal thickness in the diabetic subjects is tentatively interpreted as minimal corneal swelling. It seemed to be present very early in the disease and may thus be one of the earliest clinically detectable changes off the diabetic eye. PMID- 7317322 TI - Video funduscopy and fluoroscopy. AB - A system of television ophthalmoscopy has been developed using commercially available colour television cameras and a specially designed high-sensitivity monochrome television camera. Funduscopy and fluoroscopy can be performed at low light levels and recorded on standard video tape for clinical evaluation and also as a teaching aid. A computerised television stereo ophthalmoscope image processor is being developed for real-time volumetric recording the volume of the optic disc cup in glaucoma. PMID- 7317321 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on the mobilisation of leucocytes in corneal wounds. AB - We have studied in rabbits the effect of subconjunctivally injected hydrocortisone on the polymorphonuclear leucocyte invasion of corneal wounds at different times after an injury. One group of rabbits was treated with the steroid (hydrocortisone group) and the other not (control group). After making nonpenetrating trephine incisions on the cornea we obtained cellular samples by the impression technique at a given postoperative period (2, 4, or 6 hours), and then the animal was killed. The cornea was processed for histological study of the infiltrating cells. At any postoperative period the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the corneal wounds of the hydrocortisone group was significantly less than the number in the identical wounds of the control group (p less than 0.01 to 0.001). PMID- 7317323 TI - Television-induced formed visual hallucinations and cerebral diplopia. AB - A 65-year-old man with ischaemic encephalomalacia following surgery for an aortic arch aneurysm experienced episodes of stereotyped formed visual hallucinations uniquely provoked by television viewing. In addition he noted vertical diplopia of cerebral origin. These symptoms are discussed in the light of what is known about visual hallucinations, television-induced epilepsy, and cerebral polyopia. PMID- 7317324 TI - Haematological factors associated with proliferative retinopathy in sickle cell haemoglobin C disease. AB - In a selected sample of patients with sickle cell-haemoglobin C (SC) disease, proliferative retinopathy (PSR) occurred in 90/243 (37%) patients, developed most frequently between the ages of 20 and 30 years, and affected 68% patients aged 45 years or over. Comparison of haematological indices in patients with and without PSR, after age-related effects were allowed for, indicated significant relationships with high mean cell volume in males and with low fetal haemoglobin in both sexes. A highly significant relationship with total haemoglobin level in males (as previously reported in SS disease) was shown in SC disease to be entirely secondary to a strong age-related trend in haemoglobin level. PMID- 7317325 TI - Ocular malignant melanoma in South African blacks. AB - The incidence of primary ocular malignant melanoma in blacks during the last 25 years in a large part of the Transvaal Province of South Africa is reported. Only 8 cases were diagnosed, 1 uveal, 4 conjunctival, and 3 orbital. During this same period 153 cases of primary ocular malignant melanoma were diagnosed in whites. The rarity of these tumours among blacks is stressed and the reasons for this infrequent incidence discussed. PMID- 7317326 TI - Full-thickness eye-wall biopsy: long-term results in 9 patients. AB - Nine patients who had an eye-wall biopsy were evaluated for long-term results. The follow-up time ranged from 2 1/2 months to 7 years. Six patients were followed up for more than 2 years. Few operative and postoperative complications were observed. Except for 1 patient with reticulum cell sarcoma, all eyes retained preoperative visual acuity. Tractional retinal detachment occurred only in 1 patient, who had vitreous bands around the biopsy site and did not undergo a simultaneous vitrectomy during the biopsy operation. PMID- 7317328 TI - Relocation of specific endothelial features with the clinical specular microscope. AB - The selection and later relocation of specific areas of the in-vivo human corneal endothelium at relatively high magnification with a clinical specular microscope are demonstrated by case examples. Relocation of an area of the endothelium is greatly facilitated by the large field of view, the reduction of eye movement, and the presence of posterior corneal rings, induced by applanation of the cornea, which serve as a target system. PMID- 7317327 TI - Development of visual acuity in infants with congenital cataracts. AB - The visual acuity of 4 infants with congenital cataracts was measured serially during the first year of life by a preferential looking technique. Two infants with bilateral cataracts and no measurable acuity before surgery showed rapid development of acuity to normal levels for age after surgery and optical correction. In an infant with a unilateral cataract and an infant with a cataract and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous marked differences in monocular acuities were found after surgery. Acuities became equal in the latter case after occlusion of the normal eye, while the other infant recovered acuity with 'bi ocular' viewing. These acuity measurements demonstrate the sensitivity of the human visual system to binocular and monouclar visual form deprivation in the first year of life. PMID- 7317329 TI - Adolescent cystinosis: a clinical and specular microscopic study of an unusual sibship. AB - Six members of a sibship originally consisting of 8 offspring lived to teenage. Five of these developed the adolescent form of cystinosis. Since adolescent cystinosis is autosomal recessive, such a high incidence of affected members is of uncommon occurrence. Depending on whether the sibship size (n) is known as 6 to 8, it should occur only in approximately 1.5% or 5.8% of sibships of corresponding size. Specular microscopy was used to study the corneal stroma of all 3 of the living, affected members of this sibship and the conjunctiva of one of the siblings. Vivid, needle-shaped crystals were observed in the corneal stroma. Smaller, variably shaped crystals were observed in the conjunctiva. The crystals seen with specular microscopy fit the description of those studied with light and electron microscopy. PMID- 7317330 TI - Surface changes in the anaesthetic conjunctiva in man, with special reference to the production of mucus from a non-goblet-cell source. AB - This paper describes changes in the ultrastructure of the human conjunctiva which follows its denervation. The changes are mainly seen in the mucus-producing subsurface vesicles, the surface microvilli, and the intercellular spaces. Some tentative suggestions are made as to how these changes may influence the stability of the tear film in the anaesthetic state. PMID- 7317331 TI - Bilateral ocular melanocytosis with malignant melanoma of the choroid. AB - A woman with bilateral ocular melanocytosis developed a malignant melanoma of the choroid in one eye. The ocular melanotic hyperpigmentation, present since childhood, clinically involved the conjunctiva and episcleral and uveal tract of both eyes. To our knowledge this is only the second reported case of a uveal malignant melanoma in a patient with bilateral ocular melanocytosis. There is evidence that patients with ocular of oculodermal melanocytosis have an increased incidence of malignant melanoma of the uvea. It is possible that patients with bilateral ocular melanocytosis have a greater chance of developing of uveal malignant melanoma than do those with unilateral involvement. PMID- 7317333 TI - Contrast sensitivity in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Arden gratings were used to measure contrast sensitivity in 40 patients with retinitis pigmentosa whose Snellen visual acuity was 6/12 or better. When compared with a group of 30 normal subjects the patients with retinitis pigmentosa had substantially decreased contrast sensitivity, especially at high frequencies. The Arden grating test appeared to be a sensitive test of abnormal central visual function in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 7317332 TI - Local recurrence of choroidal malignant melanoma following enucleation. AB - 542 cases of choroidal malignant melanoma were reviewed. Local recurrence occurred in only 6 patients (1.11%). Five of the 6 patients had distant metastases when the local recurrence was diagnosed, and the remaining patient also developed metastases after a passage of time. These figures do not support the concept of withholding a primary implant at the time of enucleation. PMID- 7317335 TI - Vitelliform macular dystrophy of late onset. AB - A family with vitelliform macular dystrophy is presented in which the proband became symptomatic at age 51 rather than during the more typical first or second decade. Elderly patients with vitelliform macular dystrophy may have clinical findings resembling age-related degenerative choroidopathy of the macula. PMID- 7317334 TI - Sorsby's pseudoinflammatory macular dystrophy. AB - Forty-three additional members of a family described originally by Sorsby and Mason have been examined in order to typify pseudoinflammatory macular dystrophy more accurately. Six new affected members were identified by history alone and a further 7 were examined. Vision is lost from disciform macular degeneration generally during the 5th decade of life. Thereafter peripheral degeneration occurs in some affected members. Before loss of vision the fundus changes include fine drusen-like deposits at the level of Bruch's membrane, angioid streaks, and plaque-like deposits of yellow subretinal material in the macular region. These changes are different from those seen in dominant drusen. PMID- 7317336 TI - Human ocular aging and ambient temperature. AB - A survey of the literature on the incidence of the age of onset of presbyopia in various parts of the world reveals a great deal of variation. At first sight this appears to correlate with geographical latitude, but statistical and epidemiological evidence rules this out in favour of ambient temperature. Indirect evidence suggests that the crystalline lens is located sufficiently near to the surface of the body for this to be a likely explanation. PMID- 7317337 TI - Intrinsic labelling of chicken meat with stable isotopes of zinc, for intended use in human feeding studies: feasibility and design considerations. AB - 1. The feasibility of intrinsically labelling poultry meat with the stable isotopes 68Zn and 70Zn was investigated. 2. Chickens (1-d-old) were gavaged with solutions of 68Zn and 70Zn several times over a 42 d period. 3. Isotopic analysis of edible tissues has shown that they were significantly enriched with respect to the gavaged isotope and that the extent of isotopic enrichment achieved was sufficient to permit their use in human feeding experiments designed to investigate availability of native Zn from such food models. 4. The absolute efficiency of retention of the stable isotopes from gavage solutions in the edible tissues has been calculated to be 2-3% of the administered dose; methods have been suggested to enhance this value, based on considerations of utilization of dietary Zn. PMID- 7317338 TI - Adverse reactions to foods. AB - 1. One thousand individuals were asked whether they avoided any foods. Of the 560 replies 33% stated that they avoided one or more foods because they caused 'unpleasant physiological reactions'. 2. Adverse reactions to one of thirteen foods were reported by 1-4% of the respondents and it is suggested that this number might be regarded as a standard with which to compare reactions to novel foodstuffs. A total of sixty-seven foods were specifically mentioned as a cause of an adverse reaction. PMID- 7317339 TI - Protein synthesis in tissues of growing lambs. AB - 1. The fractional rate of protein synthesis (FSR) in tissues of nine growing lambs (4-5 months of age) was estimated following continuous infusion of L-[4,5 3H]leucine for a period of 7 h. Minimum and upper estimates of FSR were obtained assuming that the specific radioactivity (SRA) of leucine in blood plasma and tissue homogenate respectively defined that of leucyl tRNA. 2. Mean upper estimates of tissue protein FSR (/d) were skin 0.35, longissimus dorsi muscle 0.05 biceps femoris muscle 0.04, liver 0.54, rumen 0.79, cardiac muscle 0.09. Minimum estimates of tissue protein FSR ranged from 0.03 (muscle) to 0.15 (liver). 3. Plasma leucine flux was closely related to body protein content and dietary leucine absorption (r 0.94). 4. The rate of whole-body protein synthesis (WBS) derived from plasma leucine flux corrected for oxidation and localized recycling of leucine into protein was similar to that calculated from the sum of daily protein synthesis in individual tissues using the upper estimate of FSR, i.e. 610 g/d v. 581 g/d. 5. The estimate of WBS derived from plasma leucine flux directly (241 g/d) was similar to that calculated from the sum of minimum estimates of daily protein synthesis in individual tissues (214 g/d). 6. The ratio, intracellular leucine SRA:plasma leucine SRA tended to increase with increasing dietary leucine absorption in all tissues although these factors were only significantly correlated (P less than 0.05) in cardiac muscle, skin and rumen. Such relationships suggest an increased exchange of plasma leucine with intracellular leucine with increased food intake. 7. It was estimated that the energy cost of protein synthesis accounted for approximately 42% of daily heat production. PMID- 7317340 TI - Changes in the composition of digesta during passage through the small intestines of steers. AB - 1. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogenous constituents, carbohydrate constituents and pH were estimated in digesta taken from eight different sites in the small intestines of slaughtered steers given different diets. Amounts of constituents passing different sites were compared using cellulose as a non digestible marker. 2. Amounts of the different constituents entering the small intestines varied with the type of diet given but the patterns of removal of each constituent were similar regardless of diet. 3. DM and OM were uniformly down the length of the small intestines. Net digestibilities of 0.62 and 0.63 for DM and OM respectively of the amounts measured in segment 1 digesta (first 3 m post pylorus) were found at the terminal ileum. DM and OM contents of segment 1 digesta were 5 and 8% higher respectively than in abomasal digesta. Significantly smaller amounts of digesta were found in the proximal quarter of the small intestines than in more distal sections. There was a 10% addition of water to digesta in segment 1 compared with abomasal digesta. Of the water entering the small intestines a net 65% was absorbed therein, most absorption occurring in the first half. 4. Ammonia nitrogen was removed uniformly down the length of the small intestines to a net extent of 75% of that in segment 1 digesta. There was an apparent increase of approximately 18% in the total N (TN) content of segment 1 digesta compared with abomasal digesta. There was an approximate net removal of 80% of the TN measured in segment 1 digesta during passage down the small intestines. Over 95% of the digestible TN was removed in the section of tract between 3 and 15 m from the pylorus. Net removal of nucleic acid N (NA-N) up to the distal ileum was 78% of that in segment 1 digesta, most removal occurred in the proximal quarter of the small intestine. Little or no net loss of diaminopimelic acid-N (DAP-N) occurred in the small intestine. 5. Of the carbohydrates entering the small intestines, there was little or no removal of rhamnose, arabinose or xylose. Net removal of ribose, mannose, galactose and 'starch' glucose up to the distal ileum was 82, 76, 54 and 70% respectively of the amounts found in segment 1 digesta. All disappeared uniformly down the length of the small intestine. PMID- 7317341 TI - Intravenous administration of thiomolybdate for the prevention and treatment of chronic copper poisoning in sheep. AB - 1. Twenty-six sheep were used in experiments designed to test the effectiveness of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate in the prevention and treatment of chronic copper poisoning. 2. Intravenous injections of 100 mg ammonium tetrathiomolybdate twice weekly (a) prevented the occurrence of haemolytic crisis in sheep repeatedly dosed with copper sulphate and (b) minimized tissue damage and prevented further haemolytic crisis when given to sheep already in haemolysis. 3. Thiomolybdate prevented excessive deposition of Cu in the liver of sheep receiving orally large amounts of Cu and decreased liver Cu levels in sheep that were not given additional Cu. In the latter sheep, 50 mg ammonium tetrathiomolybdate given twice weekly did not produce histologically-detectable tissue damage even though liver and kidneys contained high levels of molybdenum, and kidneys contained elevated levels of Cu. 4. It is concluded that chronic Cu poisoning can be successfully prevented or treated by intravenous injection of appropriate doses of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate. PMID- 7317342 TI - An investigation of the effects of intravenous administration of thiomolybdate on copper metabolism in chronic Cu-poisoned sheep. AB - 1. Fourteen sheep were dosed repeatedly with a solution of copper sulphate (2 g/l) in order to induce chronic copper poisoning and four similar undosed animals acted as controls 2. Thiomolybdate (TM) was intravenously administered to all control sheep and to all except two of the test sheep. A variety of biochemical factors were studied before and after injections of TM. 3. The direct-reacting Cu, whole-blood Cu and plasma Cu concentrations were elevated in animals given TM injections and at the "haemolytic crisis" of untreated chronic Cu-poisoned animals. But most of the increased Cu observed on injecting TM was insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and did not enter erythrocytes. The results indicate that uptake of Cu by erythrocytes is essential for haemolysis to occur and that for this to happen the Cu must be in a direct reacting, TCA-soluble form. 4. Increased amounts of Cu were excreted in the urine at haemolysis and at commencement of TM injections. High levels of direct-reacting Cu were found in plasma at these times. 5. Marked changes were not found in caeruloplasmin activity, packed cell volume or the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes except at haemolysis. TM injection s did no alter these factors in any of the sheep studied. PMID- 7317343 TI - The maximum capacity of the liver of the adult dairy cow to metabolize ammonia. AB - 1. Three adult dairy cows were fitted with cannulas in a mesenteric, portal, hepatic and jugular vein and a carotid artery. They received infusions of step wise increasing amounts of ammonia as ammonium acetate via a mesenteric vein until NH 3 intoxication occurred. Sodium acetate was used in control infusions. The maximum rate of uptake of NH3 by the liver and the concentrations of glucose, urea, lactate, acetate and bilirubin in blood were measured. 2. During the infusions of ammonium acetate the liver extracted almost all the NH3 present in the portal vein until an infusion rate of approximately 15.0 mmol/min was reached. The maximum capacity of the liver to remove NH3 during its first pass was on average 1.84 mmol/min per kg wet weight. The cows became intoxicated when arterial plasma ammonia concentrations reached 0.8 mmol/l. Concentrations of NH3 in jugular venous blood were between 66 and 74% of those in the carotid. PMID- 7317344 TI - The excretion of selenium in bile and urine of steers: the influence of form and amount of Se salt. AB - 1. The excretion of 75Se and stable Se in bile and urine was measured in four steers during 6 h after intravenous injections of 75Se as either selenite or selenate containing either 5 or 5000 microgram carrier Se. 2. When 5000 microgram Se were given, the rate of urinary excretion and plasma clearance of 75SE was similar for both salts. Approximately 23% was excreted in urine and plasma clearance was triexponential, the mean half-life (t 1/2) of the successive components, alpha, beta, and gamma, being 2.3, 15-2 and 465 min respectively. The amount of 75Se excreted in bile was small; 1.94% of the 75SeO3(2-) and 0.86% of the 75SeO4(2-) dose. 3. When 5 microgram Se were given the plasma clearance of 75Se was initially biexponential but the entry of 75Se-labelled protein from the liver caused an increase in plasma radioactivity after 30-40 min. The effect was most marked after 5 microgram 75SeO3(2-) when plasma 75Se radioactivity returned to 69% of the activity present at 2 min. Values for t 1/2 of the two components of clearance for 75SEO4(2-) were respectively alpha 2.6 and 2.5 min, and beta 15.9 and 36.6 min. Similar amounts of 75Se appeared in bile (0.2% of the dose) after injection of either salt but much less 75Se was excreted in urine after 75SeO3(2-) (6%) than after 75SeO4(2-) (17%). 4. At low dosage rates (5 microgram) Se is more readily incorporated into tissues from SeO3(2-) than from SeO4(2-). PMID- 7317345 TI - The effect of low dietary manganese intake on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - 1. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of mean initial weight 15 g were given either a low-manganese or control diet containing 1.3 and 33 mg Mn/kg dry diet respectively. 2. Weight gains over a 24-week feeding period were the same for both groups of trout. 3. Hepatosomatic index, blood packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration, plasma protein and the activities of aspartic aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) were unaffected by dietary Mn intake. 4. Plasma potassium and iron levels were increased in the trout given the low-Mn diet. 5. The hepatic levels of magnesium, sodium, K, zinc, copper, Mn and phosphorus were significantly reduced in the fish given the low-Mn diet. 6. In those trout given the low-Mn diet the levels of Mn and calcium in the vertebral ash were significantly reduced. 7. The hepatic activity of Cu-Zu superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; Cu-ZnSOD) and of Mn superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1; MnSOD) in cardiac muscle and liver was reduced in the group of trout given the low-Mn diet. The fall in Cu-ZnSOD and MnSOD activities coincided with reduced tissue levels of their respective metal components. PMID- 7317346 TI - Protein metabolism in growing lambs fed on fresh ryegrass (Lolium perenne) clover (Trifolium repens) pasture ad lib. 1. Protein and energy deposition in response to abomasal infusion of casein and methionine. PMID- 7317347 TI - Influences of dietary sucrose and urea on transfer of endogenous urea to the rumen of sheep and numbers of epithelial bacteria. AB - 1. The rates of transfer of plasma urea to the rumen of six sheep given brome grass (Bromus inermis) pellets alone or with supplements of sucrose or urea were determined using [14C] urea and 14C-labelled sodium bicarbonate infusions during three periods. 2. The sheep were slaughtered after the third period and samples of rumen epithelium were taken for assessment of numbers of adherent bacteria. 3. Maximum transfer (0.31 g nitrogen/h) of urea ot the rumen was observed for sheep given supplements of 150 g sucrose/d plus 20 g urea/d. Maximum clearance of plasma urea to the rumen (rate of urea transfer to the rumen per unit plasma urea concentration, 5.8 1/h) was observed for sheep given 300 g sucrose/d. 4. Urea clearance to the rumen was negatively related to rumen ammonia concentration; the slope of the relationship was increased with each addition of sucrose to the diet. 5. Numbers of facultative bacteria adherent to the rumen epithelium were increased by urea and sucrose supplements. 6. The results are discussed in relation to a hypothesis which relates the ureolytic capability of the bacteria adherent to the rumen epithelium to the control of the rate of transfer of urea into the rumen. PMID- 7317348 TI - Neonatal diarrhoea in calves given milk-substitutes differing in fat source and fed by different procedures. AB - 1. The incidence of diarrhoea, digestibilities of nutrients and the faecal bacterial flora were compared among three groups of Holstein male calves up to 3 weeks of age. Two groups of four calves were given a milk-substitute containing tallow by nipple-pail (group TN) and by open-bucket (group TB). The third group of four calves was nipple-fed a milk-substitute containing soya-bean oil (group SN). Each of the milk-substitutes contained approximately 300 g milk-protein and 100 g fat/kg dry matter (DM)., 2. Mean faecal DM contents (g/kg) were 217, 185 and 112 for groups TN, TB, and SN respectively and the corresponding pH values were 7.21, 7.00 and 6.50. The difference between groups TN and SN was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). 3. No difference was observed between groups TN and SN in the apparent digestibilities of DM, crude protein (CP, nitrogen X 6.25), diethyl ether extract (EE) and total reducing sugars. But in the group TB, the digestibility of EE was significantly lower (P less than 0.05), and that of CP tended to be, though not significantly, lower than in the other two groups. 4. Bacterial flora in faeces showed considerably wide quantitative variations among individual calves, but there was a tendency for increased viable counts of Lactobacilli in faeces of group SN. 5. The present suggested that an appreciable difference in the mechanism would exist between diarrhoea occurring when milk-substitute was offered by bucket and when highly unsaturated vegetable oils were contained in it. Possible mechanisms were also discussed. PMID- 7317349 TI - The absorption and secretion of calcium in the gastrointestinal tract of germ free and conventional chicks. AB - 1. The uptake transport and secretion of calcium into the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) chicks was determined by a variety of in vivo and in vitro techniques using 45Ca as a marker following a standard fast-fed regimen. 2. Following an oral dose of Ca in conscious chicks, the transit time of digesta in the GF birds was appreciably faster than in the CV controls. 3. Although the proportion of the Ca dose absorbed was similar in both groups of chicks, the accumulation of Ca in the intestinal wall was much greater in CV birds. Distribution of the labelled Ca in plasma and bone was similar in both groups. 4. Following intravenous CA injection in conscious chicks in Ca secretion into the intestinal lumen was similar in both groups, but the amount appearing in the gut wall was appreciably greater in CV chicks. 5. There were regional differences in the ability of the gut to absorb Ca. There was a tendency for Ca uptake to be greater in the GF chicks but only in the proximal ileum did this approach significance. 6. When the Ca was confined to an intestinal loop the uptake/g tissue was similar in the proximal ileum of both groups but significantly greater in the distal ileum of the GF group. Uptake/10 mm gut was similar in both groups at both the proximal and the distal size. 7. It is suggested that the absence of a microbial load does not affect the ability of the enterocyte to absorb Ca but the subsequent removal of the absorbed load from the intestinal wall is appreciably slower in the CV group. PMID- 7317350 TI - Synthesis and application of cleavable photoactivable heterobifunctional reagents. AB - Three different cleavable photoactivable heterobifunctional reagents have been synthesized and characterized by proton NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thin-layer chromatography. They are the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 3-[(4-azidophenyl)dithio]-propionic acid, methyl 3-[(4 azidophenyl)dithio]propionimidate, and N-[(4-azidophenyl)thio]phthalimide. Concanavalin A was coupled with one of the reagents, the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 3-[(4-azidophenyl)dithio]propionic acid, and radioiodinated. The [125I]lectin derivative and [125I]lectin showed similar specific binding to the receptors on the human erythrocyte membrane. Upon photolysis, subunits of the [125I]lectin derivative were cross-linked to produce dimer, trimer, and tetramer. These cross-linked complexes were readily cleaved by reducing the disulfide bond of the reagent. PMID- 7317351 TI - Aggregation-linked kinetic heterogeneity in bovine cardiac myosin subfragment 1. AB - Studies of the cardiac myosin fragment 1 concentration dependence of the rate constants for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding and steady-state hydrolysis reveal that the observed rate constants are remarkably dependent on the protein concentration. The kinetics for ATP binding are biphasic, and both the fast- and slow-phase rate constants and the respective fractions of fast and slow material vary as a function of protein concentration. Two different types of kinetic experiments were conducted, one in which the ATP concentration was fixed but the subfragment 1 concentration was varied and another for which the ATP/subfragment 1 ratio was fixed but both concentrations were varied. The results of these two experiments on cardiac subfragment 1 are consistent with an ATP-dependent reversible aggregation. Light-scattering experiments confirm the presence of this aggregation and the ATP dependence. Similar studies on rabbit skeletal subfragment 1 give monophasic, protein-independent kinetics consistent with a monomeric species in solution. a simple monomer--dimer mechanism can account for the cardiac subfragment 1 kinetic results when changes in tryptophan fluorescence are used. However, the light-scattering results show that cardiac myosin subfragment 1 undergoes multiple reversible molecular weight changes in solution and may be tetrameric at high concentrations. PMID- 7317352 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of adenosine 5'-triphosphate bound to a nitrated derivative of G-actin. PMID- 7317353 TI - Transformation of mammary cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor under cell-free conditions. AB - The transformation of glucocorticoid--receptor complex in the cytosol from lactating mouse mammary tissue was studied by using elevated temperature and KCl as promoters of the transformation reaction. The transformed receptor was identified from the nontransformed receptor by the following criteria: (a) increased binding to DNA--cellulose, (b) increased binding to ATP--Sepharose, (c) higher affinity for the steroid as determined by steroid dissociation kinetics, and (d) different sedimentation profiles on sucrose gradients containing KCl and sodium molybdate. A greater percentage of the nontransformed receptor was converted to the transformed state by an increased KCl concentration as opposed to increased temperature. Pretreatment of cytosol with 10 mM sodium molybdate prevented both the temperature- and salt-mediated transformation of the receptor. PMID- 7317354 TI - Analysis of chicken progesterone receptor structure using a spontaneous sheep antibody. AB - A spontaneous sheep antibody to chick progesterone receptor was characterized and used as a tool to study the receptor structure. The antibody, which is present to some extent in sera from about one-third of the sheep tested, binds to Staphylococcus aureus protein A--Sepharose and therefore appears to be an Igg. It is specific for the chick progesterone receptor and does not react with free progesterone or with any of the other proteins tested, including other receptors and corticosteroid binding globulin. The antibody os nonprecipitating and has a vary low titer (equivalence point = 2.5 pmol of receptor/mL of serum). The interaction of the receptor with the antibody was measured, and an apparent dissociation constant of 2 x 10(-9) M was determined from these studies. The antibody reacts equally well with the two receptor subunits A and B but does not appear to react with the native aggregate form found in the cytosol. Thus, the immunologic site is occluded in the aggregate, and therefore the antibody will be a useful probe for this important region of the proteins. The antibody recognition sites on the receptors were further characterized by analysis of a proteolytic digest of receptors by using an endogenous Ca2+-activated neutral protease. Competition studies using native receptor and receptor digests demonstrated that the antigenic site was not destroyed in the digest and was separated from the hormone binding fragment. We conclude that receptor subunits A and B have a cross-reactive immunologic site on a portion of the molecule other than the hormone binding domain. PMID- 7317355 TI - Acyl chain order and lateral domain formation in mixed phosphatidylcholine- sphingomyelin multilamellar and unilamellar vesicles. AB - The phase behavior of mixtures of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) with N palmitoylsphingosinephosphorylcholine (C16SHP) has been investigated in both small unilamellar and large multilamellar vesicles. The steady-state fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) has been used to detect temperature-induced structural changes in these membranes. In addition, electron microscopy has revealed vastly different fracture-face morphologies for large multilamellar vesicles "jet-frozen" from different temperatures. These data have been interpreted in terms of proposed phase diagrams for this lipid mixture. The shapes of the proposed phase diagrams have led us to conclude that phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species of similar acyl chain length mix freely in both highly curved and uncurved bilayers, except at temperatures at which both lipids are in low-temperature, ordered phases. In addition, the similarity of these phase diagrams to phase diagrams for analogous mixtures of pure phosphatidylcholines suggested that sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine suggested that sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine species might substitute for each other in supporting the lamellar phase necessary for each other in supporting the lamellar phase necessary to cell membrane structure. Finally, the anisotropy of DPH fluorescence was found to be essentially invariant with sphingomyelin content at temperatures just above and below the solid--liquid phase separation in small unilamellar vesicles. This demonstrates that the sphingomyelin backbone, per se, does not order the membrane bilayer. These results are discussed in terms of the possible role of sphingomyelin in controlling acyl chain order within mammalian cell membranes. PMID- 7317356 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra characteristic of hexagonal and isotropic phospholipid phases generated from phosphatidylethanolamine in the bilayer phase. AB - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is recognized as a technique which yields information concerning both the dynamics and organization of phospholipid molecules in biological membranes and phospholipid dispersions. In this theoretical paper, we examine the relationship between the conformation of the phospholipid molecule and the shape of the predicted 31P NMR spectrum. Using a simple model of rotation of the phospholipid molecule about its long axis, we show that it is possible to generate spectra previously considered typical of the bilayer (sigma parallel to less than sigma perpendicular), isotropic (sigma parallel to congruent to sigma perpendicular), and hexagonal II (sigma parallel to greater than sigma perpendicular) packing arrangements by simply changing the phospholipid head-group conformation while retaining the molecules in the bilayer phase. PMID- 7317357 TI - On the mechanism of action of phenylalanine hydroxylase. AB - The oxidation of 6-methyltetrahydropterin and tetrahydrobiopterin coupled to the formation of tyrosine by phenylalanine hydroxylase generates a precursor species to the quinonoid product that is tentatively identified as a 4a-hydroxy adduct based on its spectral similarity to the 4a-hydroxy-6-methyl-5 deazatetrahydropterin. The rate of appearance of this intermediate and that of tyrosine are equal and hydroxylase catalyzed in accord with the completion of the hydroxylation event. This observation, which confirms and extends an earlier one by Kaufman [Kaufman, S. (1975) in Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines (Pfleiderer, W., Ed.) p 291, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin], serves to link the reaction courses followed by pterin and pyrimidine cofactor analogues and supports the hypothesis that the 4a position is a site of O2 attachment. Thus, as expected, no prereduction of the enzyme was observed in anaerobic experiments utilizing stoichiometric amounts of enzyme and tetrahydropterin in the presence or absence of 1 mM phenylalanine. Activation of the hydroxylase by 1 mM lysolecithin leads to oxidation of the tetrahydropterin in the absence of phenylalanine. A ring-opened pyrimidine analogue of the tetrahydropterin, 2,5 diamino-4-[(meso-1-methyl-2-aminopropyl)amino]-6-hydroxypyrimidine, was studied to examine the possibility of tetrahydropterin ring opening in the enzymatic reaction prior to 4a-hydroxy adduct formation. However, no hydroxylase-catalyzed ring closure was observed. PMID- 7317358 TI - Segmental flexibility of immunoglobulin G antibody molecules in solution: a new interpretation. AB - We propose a new model for the segmental flexibility of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The flexibility of native and mildly reduced anti-5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1 sulfonyl (anti-dansyl) antibody was reexamined by nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopy using deconvolution and lamp-shift corrections. The rabbit antibodies used for this study were purified of dimers and other aggregates. The original results indicated that the decay of fluorescence anisotropy involved two rotational correlation times. It was suggested that the short rotational correlation time, phi s, represented a flexible Fab arm motion over a restricted angle and that the long correlation time, phi L, represented global tumbling of the molecule [Yguerabide, J., Epstein, H. F., & Stryer, L. (1970) J. Mol. Biol. 51, 573--590]. Our new data indicate that the long correlation time primarily represents motions of the Fab segments and not global tumbling of the entire molecule. This interpretation implies a more flexible model for IgG. Thus, in solution the antibody arms appear to move over a wide angle and are not restricted to 33 degrees as was suggested in the earlier model. Simple diffusion calculations and other evidence suggest that phi s may represent V-module flexibility about the switch peptides or Fab twisting around its long axis, whereas phi L may represent wagging or wobbling motions of the Fab arms about the hinge region. The faster motions appear to occur over small angles whereas the slower wagging or wobbling motions responsible for most of the decay of anisotropy appear to be much less restricted. The biological function of IgG and anisotropy changes resulting from hinge disulfide cleavage are interpreted in terms of the proposed model. We also demonstrate a useful method for comparison of time-dependent and steady-state fluorescence polarization data. PMID- 7317359 TI - S-Adenosylhomocysteinase from yellow lupin seeds: stoichiometry and reactions of the enzyme-adenosine complex. AB - Plant (Lupinus luteus) S-adenosylhomocysteinase, an alpha 2 dimer, forms a 1:2 enzyme-adenosine complex. The binding sites for adenosine are not equivalent. Binding of the first molecule of adenosine is fast (k greater than 7 x 10(5) M-1 s-1), whereas the second molecule of adenosine binds in a slow process with a half-life of 5 min. Adenosine in the 1:1 and 1:2 enzyme--substrate complexes reacts slowly (k = 0.05 min-1) to give finally free enzyme, adenine, and ribose. The enzyme does not lose its ability to catalyze the synthesis of S adenosylhomocysteine during the reactions. The relevance of the data to the catalytic functioning of the plant S-adenosylhomocysteinase is discussed. PMID- 7317360 TI - Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid characterization of the marine chromophyte Olisthodiscus luteus. AB - Nuclear DNA of the marine chromophytic alga Olisthodiscus luteus was analyzed in this study. Reassociation kinetics analysis has shown that 440-nucleotide DNA fragments from the genome of this alga contain 4% foldback, 58% repetitive, and 34% single-copy sequences. Precise analysis using isolated single-copy DNA revealed that Olisthodiscus has a large haploid DNA content of 1.66 x 10(-12) g/cell. For determination of the organization of single-copy and repetitive sequences within this genome, DNA fragments 3000 nucleotides in length were reassociated to C0t= 100 M . s. At this low C0t value 89% of the DNA bound to hydroxylapatite, suggesting that single-copy and repetitive elements are interspersed. The lengths of the duplexed repetitive DNA on these 3000-nucleotide fragments were measured by electron microscopy after digestion with S1 nuclease which removed the unreassociated single-copy DNA regions. Of these repetitive sequences, 68% were shorter than 1200 nucleotide pairs in length and had a modal length of 350 nucleotide pairs. A minor class of longer (to 4000 nucleotide pairs) repetitive sequences was also observed. PMID- 7317361 TI - Binding of hydroxamic acid inhibitors to crystalline thermolysin suggests a pentacoordinate zinc intermediate in catalysis. PMID- 7317362 TI - Hybridization of nuclear matrix attached deoxyribonucleic acid fragments. AB - Annealing studies were performed on DNA fragments associated with rat and mouse liver interphase nuclear matrix and the metaphase scaffold of Chinese hamster DON cells. Matrix and scaffold bound DNA fragments, reassociated with an excess of total genomic DNA, displayed kinetics virtually identical with total nuclear DNA probes. Moreover, both the extent and kinetics of these hybridizations were independent of the matrix DNA fragment size (less than 350--5000 base pairs) and the method of nuclease digestion used in their preparation (DNase I, micrococcal nuclease or endogenous digestion). The repetitive DNA component of the matrix DNA was examined by reacting discrete sizes of matrix DNA fragments (less than 350- 5000 base pairs) from mouse liver with a library of cloned repetitive sequence DNA fragments which included mouse major satellite sequences. Our results demonstrate that short DNA fragments anchored to the nuclear matrix contain these cloned sequences is similar proportion of total nuclear DNA and, when viewed in light of the annealing results, indicate that matrix DNA is not enriched in either repetitive or unique sequences. Furthermore, the matrix DNA fragments appear to contain the entire sequence complexity of the genome. Finally, we hybridized both matrix and total nuclear DNA fragments with cDNA to total nuclear polyadenylated RNA. The kinetics and extent of hybridization indicate that most, if not all, of the actively transcribed DNA sequences are present in similar concentrations. We conclude that in the overall organization of eukaryotic DNA within the nucleus, the repeating domains or loops which have been demonstrated by a number of investigators are not anchored at specific attachment sequences in interphase cells or during mitosis. These findings are discussed with regard to current concepts of eukaryotic DNA loop organization. PMID- 7317363 TI - Diffusion-driven mechanisms of protein translocation on nucleic acids. 1. Models and theory. AB - Genome regulatory proteins (e.g., repressors or polymerases) that function by binding to specific chromosomal target base pair sequences (e.g., operators or promoters) can appear to arrive at their targets at faster than diffusion controlled rates. These proteins also exhibit appreciable affinity for nonspecific DNA, and thus this apparently facilitated binding rate must be interpreted in terms of a two-step binding mechanism. The first step involves free diffusion to any nonspecific binding site on the DNA, and the second step comprises a series of protein translocation events that are also driven by thermal fluctuations. Because of nonspecific binding, the search process in the second step is of reduced dimensionality (or volume); this results in an accelerated apparent rate of target location. In this paper we define four types of processes that may be involved in these protein translocation events between DNA sites. These are (i) "macroscopic" dissociation--reassociation processes within the domain of the DNA molecule, (ii) "microscopic" dissociation- reassociation events between closely spaced sites in the DNA molecule, (iii) "intersegment transfer" (via "ring-closure") processes between different segments of the DNA molecule, and (iv) "sliding" along the DNA molecule. We present mathematical and physical descriptions of each of these processes, and the consequences of each for the overall rate of target location are worked out as a function of both the nonspecific binding affinity between protein and DNA and the length of the DNA molecule containing the target sequence. The theory is developed in terms of the Escherichia coli lac repressor--operator interaction since data for testing these approaches are available for this system [Barkley, M. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 3833; Winter, R. B., & von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry (second paper of three in this issue); Winter, R. B., Berg, O. G., & von Hippel, P. H. (1981) Biochemistry (third paper of three in this issue)]. However, we emphasize that this approach is general for the analysis of mechanisms of biological target location involving facilitated transfer processes via nonspecific binding to the general system of which the target forms a small part. PMID- 7317364 TI - Sequence and structure in double-stranded ribonucleic acid: (A-G-C-U)2 and (A-C-G U)2. AB - Comparative studies of the thermally induced helix--coil transition in ribosyl (A G-C-U)2 and (A-C-G-U)2 are described. Ordered structures form at low temperatures where the ribofuranose rings adopt the 3'-endo conformation and both oligomer helices have base-paired stacking arrangements qualitatively similar to the A-RNA family configuration. Especially for (A-C-G-U)2, there is a lack of quantitative agreement between the A-family base overlap and the 1H NMR data; ring-current and atomic diamagnetic anisotropies using A-form structures fail to predict five of the seven aromatic C--H resonances within 0.2 ppm. The NMR results are in better agreement with the A form for (A-G-C-U)2. For both oligomers, the changes in chemical shift for the anomeric (H1') resonances indicate substantial (greater than or equal to 20 degrees) changes in the average glycosidic torsion angle upon base pairing and stacking for the adenosine and cytidine residues; this angle in uridine and guanosine residues must change only slightly. PMID- 7317365 TI - Chemical cleavage of tryptophanyl and tyrosyl peptide bonds via oxidative halogenation mediated by o-iodosobenzoic acid. PMID- 7317366 TI - Siderophilin metal coordination. Difference ultraviolet spectroscopy of di-, tri , and tetravalent metal ions with ethylenebis[(o-hydroxyphenyl)glycine]. PMID- 7317367 TI - Uptake of ornithine by rat liver mitochondria. AB - Uptake of [14C]-L-ornithine by rat liver mitochondria has been measured by using the silicone sampling technique. The uptake of ornithine measured after 20-45 s of incubation exhibits stereospecificity, pH dependence, and a lack of dependence on respiratory energy. A slower subsequent increase in [14C]-L-ornithine counts associated with the mitochondria, which is blocked by the transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetate, is attributed to metabolism of the labeled ornithine. Each of the reagents N-ethylmaleimide, Tris (HCl) buffer, Tl2+SO42(-), Mg2+SO42(-), and choline chloride inhibits ornithine accumulation. A lack of inhibition by mersalyl is interpreted as indicating that ornithine uptake does not require transmembrane Pi flux. Uptake of ornithine to levels in excess of the concentration in the medium can largely be accounted for by an osmotically insensitive fraction of the ornithine taken up, which is assumed to be adsorbed to solid structures of the mitochondria. PMID- 7317368 TI - Simple and rapid method to determine the binding of blood clotting factor X to phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 7317369 TI - Calorimetric and fluorescence depolarization studies on the lipid phase transition of bacteriorhodopsin--dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - The thermotropic lipid phase transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles reconstituted with bacteriorhodopsin was investigated as a function of the lipid to protein ratio by means of differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence depolarization of the embedded probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Two attractive features of this system are that the lipid phase transition induces lipid-protein segregation and that the state of aggregation of the protein is known. Above the lipid phase transition and above molar lipid to protein ratios of about 100, bacteriorhodopsin is monomeric. Well below the phase transition, bacteriorhodopsin is aggregated in a hexagonal protein lattice. With increasing amounts of incorporated bacteriorhodopsin, the calorimetric transition broadens, and a second component develops at a temperature which is lower than that of the unperturbed transition. The latter transition was assigned to the disaggregation of the bacteriorhodpsin lattice which occurs 6-7 degrees C below the phase transition of the protein-free lipids according to previous measurements. The van't Hoff enthalpy of the phase transition, as determined from the fluorescence depolarization of diphenylhexatriene, is in surprisingly good agreement with that obtained from differential scanning calorimetry over a wide range of lipid to protein ratios. The differential scanning calorimetry data can be simulated on the basis of a model which takes the protein segregation and crystallization specifically into account. The essential feature of this model is that calorimetrically detectable lipid melting occurs in the temperature region of the protein crystallization, since for the disaggregation of the close packed bacteriorhodopsin lattice additional lipids of an intermediate chain conformation are required. PMID- 7317371 TI - Modification by papain of the structure and function of band 3, the erythrocyte anion transport protein. AB - Extracellular papain is known to inhibit the anion transport function of the band 3 protein of the human red blood cell membrane. Previous work [Jennings, M. L., & Passow, H. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 554, 498-519] had suggested that this inhibition may result from the removal by papain of 5 000-10 000 daltons from the 35 000-dalton chymotryptic peptide of band 3. The present work shows, however, that papain also removes a small peptide from the C terminus of the 60 000-dalton chymotryptic peptide. The C-terminal amino acid sequence of this peptide is -Lys Thr-Tyr. Whether or not this newly discovered action of papain is responsible for inhibiting anion transport is unknown. The effects of extracellular papain on the band 3 function have been characterized in detail. Papain inhibits Cl-Cl exchange in a high Cl medium by almost 90%. This inhibition appears to result from inhibition of the efflux step in the catalytic cycle for the transport, because papain does not inhibit the anion transport when it is assayed under influx limited conditions. Moreover, since papain has no detectable effect on the dissociation constant for extracellular substrate (SO4) binding, the material removed by papain cannot be involved closely in the outward-facing substrate site. In contrast, removal of this material strongly (12-fold) reduces the affinity of the inhibitor 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate for outward facing sites. Therefore, stilbenedisulfonate binding involves portions of the band 3 molecule which are not intimately related to substrate binding. PMID- 7317370 TI - Thermal behavior of stearoylsphingomyelin-cholesterol dispersions. AB - The thermotropic behavior of aqueous dispersions of stearoylsphingomyelin cholesterol mixtures was examined by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. When less than 20 mol % cholesterol was mixed with the sphingomyelin and the samples were held at room temperature for 7-9 days before the initiation of calorimetric measurements, a sharp endotherm at 56-57 degrees C and a broad endotherm at 35-50 degrees C were observed. In addition, samples containing 15-20 mol % stearol exhibited a sharp endotherm at 43-45 degrees C. If samples were held at room temperature for less than 2 h before the initiation of calorimetric analysis, the 56-57 degrees C endotherm was usually not seen. Instead, a combination of broad and sharp endotherms over the range of 35-50 degrees C was observed. Occasionally, exotherms were also observed within this temperature range. These results, along with those from previous studies, imply that a cholesterol-rich phase coexists with a cholesterol-poor phase in which the sphingomyelin molecules may exist in two distinctly different gel states. PMID- 7317372 TI - Motions and interactions of phospholipid head groups at the membrane surface. 2. Simple alkyl head groups. AB - As a reference point for comparison with more complex head groups, a set of phospholipids with simple alkyl head groups has been studied. These analogues resemble the naturally occurring phospholipids, except they have phosphomethanol, -ethanol, -1-propanol, and -1-butanol as head groups. The gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition temperatures were measured with differential scanning calorimetry, and the phase properties of multilamellar dispersions were examined with phosphorus-31 NMR. The effect of the head-group size was found to be rather small. These lipids were synthesized with deuterium labels incorporated into the alcohol portion at all positions in the head groups except butanol, which was labeled only in the C-1 position. Determination of the 2H residual quadrupole splittings led to an analysis of the head-group ordering properties. Specifically, these data showed that increasing the length of the head group leads to a more perpendicular orientation of the head group relative to the bilayer surface. Phosphorus-31 chemical shift anisotropy data were also compatible with this result. Measurement of surface pressure-area diagrams of monolayers of these compounds revealed that at high pressures (30 dyn/cm) all four lipids occupied similar areas (40-44 A2/molecule), yet at lower pressures, the larger the head group, the larger the occupied surface area. This result suggests that in a bilayer the fatty acyl chains occupy similar areas independent of the alkyl head-group size, and the larger head groups cannot pack properly without some conformational adjustment. The addition of phosphatidylcholine with its relatively bulky head group decreases the area available to the alkyl head groups, pushing the alkyl head groups out of the plane of the bilayer surface. Cholesterol, on the other hand, acts as a "spacer", increasing the area available to the head group, and leads to the opposite effect; i.e., the head groups can relax into a conformation more parallel to the bilayer surface. These data illustrate the types of steric effects which can be expected at the membrane surface. Dynamic properties were investigated by measurement of the 2H spin lattice (T1) NMR relaxation times. These relaxation times could be compared with those from other parts of a phospholipid molecule, namely, the glycerol backbone and the fatty acyl chains. The rates of segmental motion in these head groups were similar to the first C-2 to C-8 segments of the fatty acyl chains, indicating considerable head-group flexibility. PMID- 7317373 TI - Motions and interactions of phospholipid head groups at the membrane surface. 2. Head groups with hydroxyl groups. AB - A set of phospholipids with zero, one, or two hydroxyl groups at various positions in the head group were synthesized to approach the question of hydrogen bonding at the surface of phospholipid membranes. These lipids had as head groups the alcohols propanol, ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and glycerol esterified to the phosphate. The four different properties of these lipids that were studied were the following: phase transition temperatures, packing properties in monolayers, the relative rates of head-group motions, and the "ordering" of the head group. The gel-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition temperatures of these derivatives were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and the effect of hydroxyl group addition was found to be small. The phase properties were examined with phosphorus-31 NMR, and all lipids formed normal bilayer phases in aqueous mixtures. Measurement of the surface pressure-area diagrams for monolayers of these lipids showed that incorporation of a hydroxyl group into the head group had a "condensing" effect. This effect was dramatic and was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds within the plane of the lipid surface. These lipids were synthesized with deuterium labels on essentially every carbon segment in the head group. Measuring the 2H NMR spin-lattice (T1) relaxation time allowed a determination of the relative rates of head-group segmental motions. The addition of hydroxyl groups to the propyl head-group "skeleton" substantially reduced the rates of motion in both the liquid-crystalline and gel states. The head groups could be ordered in terms of increasing rigidity as propanol (0 -OH) less than 1,3-propanediol (1 -OH) less than ethanediol (1 -(OH) less than glycerol (2 -OH). This trend was observed for labels attached to all of the head-group carbon segments of the lipids in this set. The rates of motion of the different segments within the ethanediol or glycerol head groups were almost identical, whereas those of the propyl head group increased as one progressed toward the free end of the head group. The average activation energy for the motions involved in T1 relaxation increased upon introduction of a hydroxyl group. Measurement of the deuterium residual quadrupole splittings showed that the initial PO2--O--CD2-- segments of the hydroxyl-containing head groups have very similar ordering properties which differed distinctly from those of the propyl head group. Thus, the introduction of one hydroxyl group appears to alter the head-group conformation to a specific conformation which is shared by all of these hydroxyl group containing head groups. PMID- 7317374 TI - Motions and interactions of phospholipid head groups at the membrane surface. 3. Dynamic properties of amine-containing head groups. AB - The dynamic properties of the amine-containing head groups of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and a new phospholipid, phosphatidylserine methyl ester, were studied. Deuterium NMR spin lattice (T1) relaxation times of deuterium labels specifically incorporated in the head groups were measured in multilamellar dispersions of these phospholipids. As a reference point, the data were compared with T1 values from a phospholipid with a simple phosphopropanol head group. In the liquid-crystalline state at both the alpha (P--O--CD2--CH) and beta (P--O--CH2--CD) head-group segments, the values of the T1 relaxation times decreased in the order propyl greater than choline greater than ethanolamine greater than serine = serine methyl ester. In the propyl and choline head groups, the beta-segment T1 values were longer than those of the alpha segment, indicating increasing flexibility as one progressed toward the free end of the head group. The ethanolamine and serine head groups had essentially identical T1 values at all positions. Phosphorus-31 NMR spin-lattice relaxation times were found to parallel the deuterium results for the neighboring alpha segment. These data indicate that the phosphatidylserine head group is less flexible than that of phosphatidylethanolamine which in turn was more rigid than the phosphatidylcholine head group. The phosphatidylserine head-group T1 values were as short as those of the glycerol backbone moiety of phosphatidylcholine which is known to be a relatively rigid section of the phospholipid molecule. The relaxation time data for liquid-crystalline phase phosphatidylserine and gel phase phosphatidylglycerol were quantitatively similar, indicating that for those motions which contribute to T1 relaxation, the two head groups are in similar states. These differences in head-group rigidity are discussed in terms of the capacity of the various head groups to bind noncovalently to their neighbors in the plane of the membrane surface. PMID- 7317375 TI - Selective labeling of the hydrophobic core of membranes with 3-(trifluoromethyl) 3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine, a carbene-generating reagent. AB - The synthesis of a new photoactivatable probe, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]-TID), with a high specific radioactivity (10 Ci mmol-1) is described. It was tested as a probe for the hydrophobic core of membranes. TID partitions strongly in favor of the lipid phase of membranes, and the photogenerated carbene labels intrinsic membrane proteins in a highly selective manner. This conclusion was reached from the distribution of radioactivity among the proteins of [125I]TID-labeled human erythrocyte membranes. By far the most heavily labeled protein is band 3 [nomenclature of Fairbanks, G., Steck, T. L., & Wallach, F. G. H. (1971) Biochemistry 10, 2606 2617] while the labeling of glycophorin is approximately 5 times less than that of band 3. There is little or no labeling of known extrinsic proteins. PMID- 7317376 TI - Electrostatic control of enzyme reactions: effect of ionic strength on the pKa of an essential acidic group on glucose oxidase. AB - The dissociation constant of an essential acidic group on the reduced form of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger (K4) has been found to be extremely sensitive to ionic strength. Increasing the ionic strength from 0.025 to 0.225 causes a decrease in pK4,obsd of 0.9 pH unit, from 8.2 to 7.3. Analysis of the ionic strength dependence of pK4,obsd, making the assumption that the enzyme is a homogeneously charged impenetrable sphere [Edsall, J. T., & Wyman, J. (1958) Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 1, pp 282-289, 512-514, Academic Press, New York], predicts that the intrinsic pKa of the acidic group is 6.7 and that the charge on the protein is -78. The enzyme was titrated from its isoelectric point (pH 4.05) to pH 7.7, the pH at which the ionic strength dependence was determined. It was found to have an actual charge at that pH of -77, in remarkable agreement with the theoretical prediction. Thus, glucose oxidase exerts electrostatic control on pK4,obsd as though it were a uniformly charged sphere. The group responsible for pK4,obsd has not been identified. However, its measured delta H degrees obsd of 8.0 kcal mol-1 and delta S degrees obsd of -6.1 cal mol-1 K-1, together with its pKa of 6.7, are consistent with the group being a histidine residue. PMID- 7317377 TI - Phosphorylase kinase from dogfish skeletal muscle. Purification and properties. PMID- 7317379 TI - Activation and chromatographic properties of the AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cell line glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 7317378 TI - Heterogeneity of bovine seminal ribonuclease. AB - Bovine seminal ribonuclease, a dimeric protein found to be homogeneous by several standard criteria of purity, is heterogeneous when analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography on (carboxymethyl)cellulose. Three increasingly cationic subforms can be separated. The heterogeneity is due to the presence of two types of subunits, alpha and beta, which make up three isoenzymic dimers: alpha 2, beta 2, and alpha beta. Deamidation reactions can convert the most cationic beta 2 subform into the alpha beta subform, which in turn can be converted into stable alpha 2 subform. These conversions involve the hydrolysis of 2 mol of differentially labile amide groups per mol of protein. The ratios alpha 2: alpha beta: beta 2 are constant in all preparations of seminal ribonuclease tested; they are independent of the purification procedure as well as of the biological source of the enzyme (seminal plasma or seminal vesicles). These results indicate that deamidations occur in vivo before the protein is secreted from the seminal glands. They also suggest that heterogeneity of seminal ribonuclease reflects a physiological need of distinct molecular forms of enzyme or, alternatively, a process which leads to the aging of the protein. PMID- 7317380 TI - Cytochrome P-450 inactivation: structure of the prosthetic heme adduct with propyne. AB - Hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-pretreated rats is destroyed by propyne in a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent process which also results in vivo in the accumulation of an abnormal green porphyrin. The green porphyrin has been identified by its electronic absorption, mass spectrometric, and nuclear magnetic resonance properties as the isomer of N (2-oxopropyl)protoporphyrin IX in which the alkylated nitrogen is that of pyrrole ring A. Alkylation of the other nitrogens in the parent heme is quantitatively unimportant, although evidence for traces of the resulting adducts has been obtained. The green porphyrin exhibits a circular dichroism spectrum and is therefore the result of a chirally selective or specific interaction. The structure of the green porphyrin implicates a cytochrome P-450 destructive mechanism in which a species formed by catalytic oxidation of the acetylenic moiety reacts with the nitrogens of prosthetic heme. The possible nature of the reactive intermediate is discussed. PMID- 7317381 TI - Characterization of rat liver oligonucleosomes enriched in transcriptionally active genes: evidence for altered base composition and a shortened nucleosome repeat. AB - A transcriptionally active chromatin fraction of oligonucleosome size has been separated and isolated by a modified micrococcal nuclease fractionation procedure. After mild enzymatic digestion, rat liver nuclei were lysed, and the chromatin was separated by centrifugation on linear sucrose gradients. Fractions from four regions of the gradient were pooled and labeled, from the top to the bottom, A, B, C, and D, respectively. Fraction A, which contained 20% or less of the total DNA, was determined to have a mean size of a hexanucleosome. By hybridization with [3H]cDNA transcribed from total cytoplasmic poly(A) mRNA, DNA from fraction A was shown to be 10-15-fold enriched in transcribing genes when compared with total DNA. This fraction also has a somewhat higher concentration of AT base sequences. Significant differences were observed in nucleosome phasing. Fraction A has the shortest repeat length, fractions B and C are intermediate, and fraction D, which is depleted in transcribing DNA sequences, has the longest. Thus, we have isolated a chromatin fraction of oligonucleosome size enriched in transcribing genes and organized with reduced nucleosome spacing. PMID- 7317382 TI - Effect of tautomeric shift on mutation: N4-methoxycytidine forms hydrogen bonds with adenosine in polymers. AB - N4-Methoxycytidine (mo4C), previously found to act only as uridine (U) in transcription [Singer, B., & Spengler, S. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 1127], was tested for its ability to base pair as U in copolymers of (U,mo4C) annealed with poly(A) or transcribed with ATP and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Mixing curves have now indicated that the derivative is retained in a poly(U,39% mo4C).poly(A) helix, unlike unmodified C in poly(U,35% C). The presence of 13-39% mo4C in U polymers lowered the melting temperature, Tm, observed in annealed complexes both with poly(A) and after transcription with ATP. However, complexes isolated after transcription had a large hyperchromicity and melted cooperatively, which indicated that they are hydrogen bonded. The decreased Tm for poly(U,mo4C).poly(A) compared to that for poly(U).poly(A) can be attributed to stacking changes and adjacent base-pair disruption by mo4C. The greater cooperative melting of transcribed poly(U,39% mo4C) as compared to the annealed complex may indicate that the methoxy substituent is normally a mixture of rotamers and that the syn rotamer is required for transcription. The interference of the methoxy substituent was also shown by the loss of helix formation by poly(C,mo4C) in acid solution. mo4C decreased the Tm much more than A, which stacks well in acid. U, which neither stacks nor participates in an acid structure, caused more distortion than either of the other bases. It is inferred that mo4C has the base-pairing ability of U but that the planarity of the substituent is lost. PMID- 7317383 TI - Kinetic and isotope effect studies of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. AB - Carbon isotope effects for the carbon atom arising from bicarbonate have been measured for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from maize. At pH 7.5, 25 degrees C, the isotope effect is K12/k13 = 1.0029 +/- 0.0005 in the presence of Mg2+. The isotope effect decreases with increasing pH, reaching a value of 0.9973 at pH 10.0. All these isotope effects are relative to HCO3(-) taken as the starting state. If CO2 is considered the starting state, the isotope effects are all inverse. These values suggest that the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate occurs by way of a stepwise mechanism involving an enzyme-bound carboxyphosphate intermediate, with formation of the intermediate being the primary rate determining step. Steady-state kinetics reveal that Vmax is independent of pH over the range pH 7.5-10.0 Vmax/Km (phosphoenolpyruvate) is bell shaped in the same interval. Two pKa values near 7 are observed; the first is attributed to ionization of the phosphate group of phosphoenolpyruvate and the second to an unidentified group on the enzyme. Activity of the enzyme also depends on protonation of a group on the enzyme with a pKa near 10. Several metal ions were tested as activators of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Under saturating conditions, Mg2+ and Mn2+ show equal activity but different carbon isotope effects. Co2+ has about half the activity of Mg2+ and shows an inverse carbon isotope effect. PMID- 7317384 TI - Application of high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the structural determination of membrane-derived Sindbis virus glycopeptides. AB - Sindbis virus membrane glycopeptides have ben purified in chemical quantities and their oligosaccharide structures analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy at 360 MHz. Interpretable spectra could be obtained with approximately 100 micrograms of oligosaccharide. Spectral analysis of the sialyl glycopeptides S1, S2, and S3 at high and low temperatures confirms their structures to be NANA alpha (2,3)Gal beta (1,4)-GlcNAc beta (1,2)Man alpha (1,6)-[NANA alpha (2,3)Gal beta (1,4) GlcNAc beta (1,2)Man alpha (1,3)]-Man beta (1,4)GlcNAc beta (1,4)-[Fuc alpha (1,6)]-GlcNAc beta 1-Asn. These are heterogeneous with respect to sialic acid (NANA). Spectra of two endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase products of the S4 glycopeptides are reported. The interpretation of these spectra is consistent with Man5GlcNAc and Man7GlcNAc oligosaccharide structures. Their chemical shifts are essentially identical with those reported for ovalbumin glycopeptides of the same composition, with exception to the perturbations arising from their oligosaccharide nature. PMID- 7317385 TI - Structure and conformation of pseudouridine analogues. AB - The structural and conformational features of the "anomeric" DL-trans- and DL-cis 5-(3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)uracils (3a, 4a) and five similar analogues were studied in order to determine their applicability as models of beta- and alpha pseudouridine. The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra were measured for all analogues to define their ring geometries in solution and to estimate the solution population of model N, S conformers in a two-state dynamic equilibrium treatment. Two sets of calculations were employed to evaluate the relative contributions of these states to the observed vicinal coupling constants related to the C(3')-C(4') fragment. In the first, similar geometries were assumed for each pair of conformers, while in the second, limited to 3, the geometries were those derived from X-ray crystallographic data; both gave comparable results. The cis analogues 4a and 4b are excellent conformational models for alpha-pseudouridine. In the trans series (3a-c), the equilibrium is weighted toward the N conformer (approximately 80%), differing from that found in beta-pseudouridine for which each model conformer is equally populated. Possible implications of the conformational effects upon the pairing properties of pseudouridine in tRNA are discussed. PMID- 7317386 TI - Respiration-driven proton translocation with nitrite and nitrous oxide in Paracoccus denitrificans. AB - (1)H+ leads to/electron acceptor ratios have been determined with the oxidant pulse method for cells of denitrifying Paracoccus denitrificans oxidizing endogenous substrates during reduction of O2, NO2- or N2O. Under optimal H+ translocation conditions, the ratios leads to H+/O, H+ leads to/N2O, H+ leads to/NO2- for reduction to N2 and H+ leads to/NO2- for reduction to N2O were 6.0 6.3, 4.02, 5.79 and 3.37, respectively. (2) With ascorbate/N,N,N,'N'-tetramethyl p-phenylene-diamine as exogenous substrate, addition of NO2- or N2O to an anaerobic cell suspension resulted in rapid alkalinization of the outer bulk medium. H+/N2O, H+/NO2- for reduction to N2 and H+/NO2- for reduction to N2O were -0.84, -2.33 and -1.90, respectively. (3) The H+/oxidant ratios, mentioned in item 2, were not altered in the presence of valinomycin/K+ and the triphenylmethylphosphonium cation. (4) A simplified scheme of electron transport to O2, NO2- and N2O is presented which shows a periplasmic orientation of the nitrite reductase as well as the nitrous oxide reductase. Electrons destined for NO2-, N2O or O2 pass two H+-trans-locating sites. The H+ leads to/electron acceptor ratios predicted by this scheme are in good agreement with the experimental values. PMID- 7317387 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate efflux from kidney cortex mitochondria of rabbit. AB - (1) The relationship between phosphoenolpyruvate formation and its accumulation in kidney cortex mitochondria of rabbit was studied in the presence of glutamate as substrate. (2) In mitochondria incubated in either State 4 or under uncoupled conditions, both 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate and atractyloside resulted in a marked elevation of the intramitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate accompanied by a 2 4-fold decline in production of this compound. The same effect was induced by n butylmalonate in uncoupled mitochondria, while both phosphoenolpyruvate efflux and its production were inhibited to a smaller extent in mitochondria incubated with 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate in State 3. (3) Citrate, malate or 2 phosphoglycerate caused a fast displacement of phosphoenolpyruvate from atractyloside-inhibited mitochondria to the reaction medium. In contrast, on the addition of ATP to mitochondria incubated with 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate, the rate of phosphoenolpyruvate efflux was lower than that induced by either malate or citrate. (4) Despite the presence of both 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylate and atractyloside, arsenite and rotenone plus antimycin resulted in a leakage of phosphoenolpyruvate from the mitochondria, probably via a carrier-independent mechanism. (5) Based on the present results it seems that depending on the metabolic condition, the tricarboxylate carrier and the adenine nucleotide translocase are functioning to different extents in the efflux of phosphoenolpyruvate from rabbit renal mitochondria to the surrounding medium. PMID- 7317388 TI - Histamine, theophylline and tryptamine transport through lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Diffusion of histamine, theophylline and tryptamine through planar lipid bilayer membranes was studied as a function of pH. Membranes were made of egg phosphatidylcholine plus cholesterol (1 : 1 mol ratio) in tetradecane. Tracer fluxes and electrical conductances were used to estimate the permeabilities to nonionic and ionic species. Only the nonionic forms crossed the membrane at a significant rate. The membrane permeabilities to the nonionic species were: histamine, 3.5 x 10(-5) cm x s-1; theophylline, 2.9 x 10(-4) cm x s-1; and tryptamine, 1.8 x 10(-1) cm x s-1. Chemical reactions in the unstirred layers are important in the transport of tryptamine and theophylline, but not histamine. For example, as pH decreased from 10.0 to 7.5 the ratio of nonionic (B) to ionic (BH+) tryptamine decreased by 300-fold, but the total tryptamine permeability decreased only 3-fold. The relative insensitivity of the total tryptamine permeability to the ratio, [B]/[BH+], is due to the rapid interconversion of B and BH+ in the instirred layers. Our model describing diffusion and reaction in the unstirred layers can explain some 'anomalous' relationships between pH and weak acid/base transport through lipid bilayer and biological membranes. PMID- 7317389 TI - Alterations in labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins from normal and diabetic rat intestinal microvillous membranes. AB - The effect of chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes was studied on intestinal microvillous membrane surface carbohydrate groups. After 7 weeks of diabetes, purified microvillous membranes were prepared from rat small intestine and surface galactoproteins identified by labeling with galactose oxidase/sodium boro[3H]hydride. Membrane surface sialic acid residues were labeled using the sodium metaperiodate/sodium boro[3H]hydride technique. Membranes were solubilized in SDS and protein labeling analyzed by acrylamide electrophoresis. Membranes from diabetic rats showed an 81% increase in galactoprotein labeling (P less than 0.02) while labeling of sialic acid residues was unchanged. The greatest increase in galactoprotein labeling occurred in protein monomers of Mr 116,000-200,000, where there was a 155% increase in labeling (P less than 0.005). These results indicate that intestinal microvillous membrane protein glycosylation is altered in chronic diabetes. This increase in surface membrane carbohydrates could explain the decreased rates of proteolytic degradation previously described for at least one microvillous protein. An increase in membrane galactose groups has also been noted in hepatocyte and kidney glomerular basement membranes, which suggests the presence of a systematic change in membrane protein glycosylation occurring as a result of the diabetic state. PMID- 7317390 TI - Altered phospholipid composition affects endocytosis in cultured LM fibroblasts. AB - The phospholipid polar head group composition of LM fibroblast membranes was altered by growing the cells in a chemically defined, serum-free medium containing choline, N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, N-monomethylethanolamine, or ethanolamine. The cells incorporated these bases into their membrane phospholipid such that 29-40% of the total plasma membrane phospholipids contained these polar head groups. Alteration of the phospholipid composition correlated with a depression of polystyrene bead phagocytosis by 36, 55 and 85% when the cells had been supplemented with N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, N-monoethylethanolamine, or ethanolamine, respectively. Pinocytotic uptake of horseradish peroxidase was depressed 44, 39, and 32%, respectively. The phagosomal membrane phospholipid composition qualitatively resembled that of the primary plasma membrane from which it was derived. However, enrichment of phosphatidylcholine, and other quantitative differences were noted in the phagosomal membranes as compared to the parent primary plasma membrane. Approx. 50% of the phagosomal membrane's phosphatidylethanolamine was accessible to the chemical labelling reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonate at 4 degrees C. The asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine across the phagosomal membrane did not appear to be altered by base analogues except in the case of phagosomes from cells supplemented with ethanolamine. The data were consistent with a nonrandom site for endocytosis with regard to phospholipid composition. PMID- 7317391 TI - [Study of the intra- and extracellular electrolyte content in Paramecia cultures carried out during a space flight (author's transl)]. AB - In the results of previous investigations we have already reported that cultures of Paramecium tetraurelia submitted to a space flight present a stimulation of their proliferative ability, an increase in cell volume and a decrease in dry weight and in total protein content. These results suggest changes of cell metabolism induced by the space environment. In order to confirm this hypothesis we have studied the concentration of extracellular electrolytes in the control and the in-flight culture media with respect to the intracellular content of the same electrolytes. These measures concern Na, Cl, K, P, Mg, Ca. In this paper we report the results of these analyses and note that if no differences are noted for Na and Cl between control and in-flight cultures, modifications in P, K, Ca and Mg levels are observed. Generally there is a higher concentration of these elements in the in-flight medium but, in contrast, a lower intracellular content is noted for in-flight Paramecia. We have established a double comparison: on the one hand between control and in-flight media and between control and in flight cells, on the other hand between media and cells. All these data suggest possible changes in the membrane permeability, or of the binding proteins in Paramecia cultivated in hypogravity. PMID- 7317392 TI - Effects of lysophosphatidylcholines on phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposome systems as revealed by 31P-NMR, electron microscopy and permeability studies. AB - (1) The effect of incorporation of different lysophosphatidylcholine species on the structure, barrier properties and dynamics of bilayers made of various phosphatidylcholines both the presence and absence of cholesterol have been investigated by 31P-NMR, freeze-fracture electron microscopy and K+-permeability measurements. (2) In a dispersion of lysophosphatidylcholine : cholesterol (1 : 1) the lipids are organized in extended bilayers. Upon cooling a micellar solution of 1-palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine below the chain-melting temperature a transition to a lamellar, most likely interdigitating organization is observed. 31P-NMR shows in both situations a marked decrease in effective chemical shift anisotropy. (3) 1-Palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine can be incorporated up to 30 mol% into liquid crystalline bilayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and up to 35 mol% into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Above this concentration micellization of the bilayers occurs. In the gel state, bilayer structure is maintained up to 60 mol% of the lysocompound. (4) 1-Oleoyllysophosphatidylcholine can be incorporated to higher concentrations into liquid crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayers than the palmitoyl analogue, which can be explained by the more cylindrical shape of the 1 oleoyllysophosphatidylcholine. (5) In marked contrast, incorporation of only 1 mol% of 1-oleoyllysophosphatidylcholine into gel state dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine already destabilizes bilayer structure and makes the membranes completely permeable for K+. These results are discussed with respect to the mixing properties of the various lysophosphatidylcholines. (6) In general these effects are accompanied by a loss of K+-permeability barrier, which however occurs at lower lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations than needed for the start of micellization. (7) Cholesterol incorporation counteracts the bilayer destabilizing role of lysophosphatidylcholines. (8) 31P-NMR demonstrates with increasing lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations in the bilayers of phosphatidylcholines a decrease in the effective chemical shift anisotropy. As the rigid lattice spectra of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine are identical, this reflects a change in the conformational and/or motional properties of the phospholipid head groups. This phenomenon might play a role in the observed permeability changes. PMID- 7317393 TI - Fluorescence polarization study on the increase of membrane fluidity of human erythrocyte ghosts induced by synthetic water-soluble polymers. AB - The effect of water-soluble polymers on the membrane fluidity of human erythrocyte ghosts was investigated and was compared with that of concanavalin A by means of the fluorescence polarization technique. 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene were used as probe molecules. The membrane fluidity was increased by the addition of polycations with concentrations of less than 2 x 10(-3) wt% 60 min after mixing. The fluidity changes were affected by the chemical structure (hydrophobicity, charge density, etc.) of polycations. Thus, the membrane fluidity increased markedly with increasing charge density on the chain backbone of polycations. On the other hand, nonionic polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(N-vinyl-2 pyrrolidone) changed the membrane fluidity in a biphasic manner. That is, the fluidity of human erythrocyte ghost was temporarily increased and then decrease. For example, 20 wt.% of poly(ethylene glycol) gave a maximum fluidity 15 min after mixing with erythrocyte ghosts. A similar fluidity change was observed by adding concanavalin A. Such fluidity changes were not observed when lipid bilayer vesicles were used instead of cell membranes. These results suggested that the increase of membrane fluidity resulted from the intramembraneous aggregation of membrane-bound proteins which was induced by the added polymers. Cell agglutination was also induced by the addition of a large amount of polymers. This agglutination was considered to be due to the intermembraneous aggregation of membrane-bound proteins. PMID- 7317394 TI - Isolation, characterization and chemical composition of the membrane from sheep platelets. AB - A procedure of the isolation of platelets from the blood of adult sheep (Ovis aries L. var domestica) is reported. This procedure is based on differential centrifugation and a specific lysis for elimination of erythrocytes. We have obtained platelets with a purity at least 99% and a relative high yield (2.3 +/- 0.4 g wet/l whole blood identical to 235 +/- 40 mg platelet proteins/l whole blood). After disruption, homogenisation and ultracentrifugation onto a discontinuous sucrose gradient (1.6 M, 1.1 M, 1.0 M and 0.6 M sucrose), four fractions were obtained. We have separated, for the first time, a particulate preparation enriched in the whole sheep plasma membrane. This fraction was characterized by: (i) the typical membrane morphology as shown by electron micrographs; (ii) the highest activities in membrane marker enzymes such as bis(p nitrophenyl)phosphate phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.16.1) and 5'-dTMP-p-nitrophenyl ester phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.3.35), and the relatively low activity for marker enzymes associated to other subcellular fractions; (iii) the highest sialic acid, cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations. The chemical composition of the platelet membrane isolated is: total proteins, 49%; lipids, 47%; carbohydrates, congruent to 3.4% (the content of hexoses is twice as high as that of hexosamines and sialic acid). The similarities and differences of this preparation with others from several sources are discussed. PMID- 7317396 TI - Electrically induced Ca2+ transport across the membrane of Paramecium caudatum measured by means of flow-through technique. AB - Transmembrane calcium fluxes related to excitation were studied in Paramecium caudatum. Radioactive (45Ca2+) or inactive solution was flowed through a dense suspension of unlabelled or labelled cells, and radioactivity was monitored in the solution. The organisms were electrically stimulated by means of extracellular electrodes. As a result of stimulation Ca2+ uptake and release was measured. The uptake response dropped with increasing number of successive stimulation periods and increased with growing stimulus amplitude and duration. Maximum uptake was obtained at 20 V/cm and at least 60 s duration and for temperatures between 10 and 15 degrees C. A Ca2+ influx of 700 pmol/1000 cells upon 1 min stimulation was measured at 15 degrees C. This corresponds to an increment of the intraciliary [Ca2+] of about 5 x 10(-4) M. Ca2+ release was dependent on the stimulus amplitude in a similar manner as was Ca2+ uptake. Photographic recordings of the swimming behaviour of the organisms were used to interpret the flux data. At temperatures up to 15 degrees C the cells swam backward perpendicular to the applied electric field of 10 to 20 V/cm. At 25 degrees C they showed forward spiralling movement. For the first time evidence was brought for stimulated Ca2+ influx in Paramecium at physiological temperatures. It is concluded from the results that a strong active Ca2+ extrusion from the intraciliary space counteracts the influx. The Ca2+ pump rate must be at least 8 x 10(12) calcium ions per s per cm2 ciliary surface. PMID- 7317395 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of filipin-sterol complexes in nuclear membranes. AB - Filipin, a sterol-specific polyene antibiotic, has been shown by electron microscopy to form complexes in membranes of mouse urinary bladder cells. Following instillation of a glutaraldehyde-filipin-dimethylsulfoxide solution into the bladder lumen, filipin-cholesterol complexes appear as membrane corrugations in thin sections and as 20-25 nm protuberances and depressions on PF and EF faces in freeze-fracture replicas. The complexes are observed in plasmalemma, Golgi membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane of five different cell types (urothelial, endothelial, mesothelial, smooth muscle and fibroblasts). In the present report, we direct particular attention to the localization of numerous filipin-cholesterol complexes present in the nuclear envelopes of these cells. Our results suggest that enrichment of cell membranes with cholesterol occurs at an earlier stage in the flow-differentiation process than previously suspected. In addition, the unequal distribution of complexes in favor of the outer nuclear membrane suggests that it has a higher cholesterol content than the inner membrane. PMID- 7317397 TI - A kinetic analysis of L-tryptophan transport in human red blood cells. AB - 1. The initial rate of L-tryptophan transport as a function of the cellular substrate concentration in human red blood cells was studied in zero-trans (= net) efflux and equilibrium-exchange efflux experiments at 25 degrees C, pH 7.4. 2. Efflux curves were resolved into two Michaelis-Menten components. Further evidence was found that L-tryptophan transport at physiological concentrations of substrate is mediated predominantly by a recently identified transport system, designated the T-system. 3. The results from a kinetic analysis according to the theory of Lieb and Stein ((1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 373, 178-196) were consistent with the T-system being a carrier-mediated type of transport. PMID- 7317398 TI - Kinetic analysis of a family of cotransport models. AB - The kinetic properties of a family of cotransport models are studied. The most general model allows the substrate and activator to bind in a random fashion to the transporter (iso random bi-bi mechanism). The other models require an ordered binding sequence (iso ordered bi-bi mechanism) and differ according to the order and symmetry of the binding events at the two membranes faces. In all cases it has been assumed that the translocation of the carrier is the rate-limiting step in the transport process. It is demonstrated that under zero trans, equilibrium exchange and infinite trans experimental conditions the usual kinetic parameters Km and V can be expressed as simple functions of the activator concentration and a minimal set of model dependent constants with well defined kinetic interpretations. Kinetic criteria for distinguishing between the various models are established. The incorporation of the effects of membrane potential into the flux equations is also treated with the aid of certain simplifying assumptions. The usefullness of the concept of 'effective charge' for non mobile carrier mechanisms is emphasized. PMID- 7317399 TI - Iron uptake by rabbit intestinal mucosal membrane vesicles. PMID- 7317400 TI - Kinetic analysis of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in Saccharomyces fragilis. AB - During uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by Saccharomyces fragilis an alkalinization of the medium occurs, suggesting the possibility that deoxyglucose may be a substrate of a proton symport system. Therefore the uptake kinetics were analyzed according to the criteria presented in a previous paper. It is shown that transport proceeds via only one uptake system. Both the kinetic parameters and the steady-state accumulation level appeared to be virtually pH-independent. Deoxyglucose uptake stimulates H+-influx and K+-efflux. However, the H+/deoxyglucose stoichiometry appeared to depend on pH. It is discussed that deoxyglucose uptake can not be interpreted in terms of proton symport, but that the experimental data are in accordance with the previously proposed phosphotransferase transport system. PMID- 7317402 TI - Adriamycin-induced changes in the surface membrane of sarcoma 180 ascites cells. AB - Adriamycin increases (a) the rate of agglutination of Sarcoma 180 cells by concanavalin A after brief exposure of 2-3 h and (b) membrane fluidity as measured by ESR within 30 min of exposure at concentrations of the anthracycline of 10(-7)-10(-5) M. The effect of adriamycin on agglutination is not due to an increase in the number of surface receptors for concanavalin A, since the extent of binding of the lectin is not altered by adriamycin and no change occurs in the rate of occupancy of the concanavalin A binding sites by the lectin in cells treated with the antibiotic. The order parameter, a measurement of membrane fluidity, decreases in cells exposed to adriamycin and is dose-related. The results indicate that adriamycin can induce changes in the surface membrane of Sarcoma 180 cells within a brief period of exposure to a low but cytotoxic level of this agent. PMID- 7317401 TI - Protoporphyrin-induced photodynamic effects on band 3 protein of human erythrocyte membranes. AB - In previous studies it has been shown that protoporphyrin-induced photodynamic effects on red blood cells are caused by photooxidation of amino acid residues in membrane proteins and by the subsequent covalent cross-linking of these proteins. Band 3, the anion transport protein of the red blood cell membrane, has a relatively low sensitivity to photodynamic cross-linking. This cannot be attributed to sterical factors inherent in the specific localization of band 3 in the membrane structure. Solubilized band 3, for instance, showed a similar low sensitivity to cross-linking. By extracellular chymotrypsin cleavage of band 3 into fragments of 60,000 and 35,000 daltons it could be shown that both fragments were about equally sensitive to photodynamic cross-linking. The 17,000 dalton transmembrane segment, on the other hand, was completely insensitive. Inhibition of band 3-mediated sulfate transport proceeded much faster than band 3 interpeptide cross-linking, presumably indicating that the inhibition of transport is caused by photooxidation of essential amino acid residues or intrapeptide cross-linking. A close parallel was observed between photodynamic inhibition of anion transport and decreased binding of 4,4' diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (H2DIDS), suggesting that a photooxidation in the immediate vicinity of the H2DIDS binding site may be responsible for transport inhibition. PMID- 7317403 TI - Fluorescent alamethicin fragments. A study of membrane activity and aqueous phase aggregation. AB - The linear polypeptide antibiotic alamethicin is known to form channels in artificial lipid membranes. Synthetic 13- and 17-residue alamethicin fragments, labelled with a fluorescent dansyl group at the N-terminus, have been shown to translocate divalent cations across phospholipid membranes and to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria, in a manner analogous to the parent peptides. From studies of the aqueous phase aggregation behavior of the peptides, as well as their interaction with rat liver mitochondria, it is concluded that the interaction of the peptides with membranes is a complex process, probably involving both aqueous and membrane phase aggregation. PMID- 7317404 TI - Characterization of cytochrome P-450scc-containing liposomes. AB - Purified cytochrome P450scc from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria was incorporated into liposomes by the cholate-dilution method utilizing either dialysis or Sephadex gel filtration. Among synthetic phospholipids tested, dioleoylglycerophosphocholine showed the best stability during the incorporation of P450scc into liposomes. A maximum amount of heme was incorporated into liposomes at a molar ratio of phospholipid to the cytochrome of approx. 200. When P450scc was incorporated into the dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomes by the cholate-filtration method, the P450scc-containing liposomes showed two major populations on the elution pattern of the Sepharose 4B gel filtration, and were seen at a diameter of 200-600 A and its aggregated forms. When the cytochrome was incorporated into dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomes or cholesterol-free adrenocortical mitochondrial liposomes, P450scc was less stable than P450scc in aqueous solution. Cholesterol or adrenodoxin markedly stabilized the liposomal P450scc. Liposomal P450scc required cholesterol for its optimum reduction with adrenodoxin, adrenodoxin reductase, and NADPH in the presence of CO. About 70% of the total heme in the dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomes was reduced by the enzymatic reduction in the presence of cholesterol, indicating that 70% of the total molecules are exposed to the surface of the outer monolayer. In order to see the location of the heme in membrane, the dioleoylglycerophosphocholine liposomal P450scc was subjected to p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid treatment. This reagent destroyed the liposomal P450scc. These results suggest that the heme is located in the proximity of the p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid reacting sites which are exposed to the surface, or located on the vincinity of polar heads of the membrane. PMID- 7317405 TI - Latent acetylcholinesterase in secretory vesicles isolated from adrenal medulla. AB - A new procedure is described for the preparation of highly purified and stable secretory vesicles from adrenal medulla. Two forms of acetylcholinesterase, a membrane bound form as well as a soluble form, were found within these vesicles. The secretory vesicles, isolated by differential centrifugation, were further purified on a continuous isotonic Percoll gradient. In this way, secretory vesicles were separated from mitochondrial, microsomal and cell membrane contamination. The secretory vesicles recovered from the gradient contained an average of 2.26 mumol adrenaline/mg protein. On incubation for 30 min at 37 degrees C in media differing in ionic strength, pH, Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration, the vesicles released less than 20% of total adrenaline. Acetylcholinesterase could hardly be detected in the secretory vesicle fraction when assayed in isotonic media. However, in hypotonic media (less than 400 mosmol/kg) or in Triton X-100 (0.2% final concentration) acetylcholinesterase activity was markedly higher. During hypotonic treatment or when secretory vesicles were specifically lyzed with 2 mM Mg2+ and 2 mM ATP, adrenaline as well as part of acetylcholinesterase was released from the vesicular content. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis this soluble enzyme exhibited the same electrophoretic mobility as the enzyme released into the perfusate from adrenal glands upon stimulation. In addition to the soluble enzyme a membrane bound form of acetylcholinesterase exists within secretory vesicles, which sediments with the secretory vesicle membranes and exhibits a different electrophoretic mobility compared to the soluble enzyme. It is concluded, that the soluble enzyme found within isolated secretory vesicles is secreted via exocytosis, whilst the membrane-bound form is transported to the cell membrane during this process, contributing to the biogenesis of the cell membrane. PMID- 7317406 TI - Rapid isolation and lipid characterization of plasma membranes from normal and malignant lymphoid cells of mouse. AB - A rapid isolation method was developed for plasma membranes from mouse lymphoid cells such as lymph node lymphocytes, thymocytes, radiation-induced thymoma cells and L1210 cells. Lysates of these lymphoid cells were prepared by Dounce homogenization under hypotonic conditions and directly layered on sucrose step density gradients containing 2 mM CaCl2 and 5 mM MgCl2, and centrifuged at 52 000 X g for 1 h. Plasma membrane fractions appeared at the interface between 20 and 42% sucrose in the gradients. The procedure permitted purified membranes from cells to be obtained within 3 h, and the preparations appeared to be uniform by electron microscopy. Specific activities of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and 5' nucleotidase of the isolated plasma membranes were enriched 23- to 61-fold, 12- to 15-fold and 18- to 34-fold, respectively, in comparison with those of the corresponding cell homogenates. Cholesterol content of the malignant cell membranes was lower than that of the normal membranes and the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid of the malignant cell membranes was also lower than that of the normal membranes. A decreased plasmalogen content was observed in the malignant plasma membranes, together with a higher percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine and a lower percentage of phosphatidylserine. In the normal cell membranes, thymocytes contained a higher percentage of phosphatidylcholine and a lower percentage of sphingomyelin than those of the lymph node lymphocytes. At all temperature ranges (5 to 40 degrees C) the plasma membranes of the malignant cells had lower microviscosity than those of the normal cells. PMID- 7317407 TI - Catecholamine-stimulation of Cl- secretion in MDCK cell epithelium. PMID- 7317408 TI - A study of Li+-selective permeation through lipid bilayer membranes mediated by a new ionophore (AS701). AB - The neutral, noncyclic, imide and ether containing ionophore AS701, has been developed as Li+-selective molecule, to be used potentially as an aid in the Li+ therapy of manic-depressive illness. The present report is a characterization of this molecule in neutral lipid bilayer membranes. This ionophore was found to render the bilayers Li+-selective, acting as a selective carrier of monovalent cations. In addition, this molecule was found to be capable of acting as a selective carrier of monovalent anions. For both types of ions, the rate-limiting step in the process of permeation was found to be the diffusion of the carrier ion complex through the membrane. The membrane-permeating species were found to be 2 : 1 carrier-ion complexes, carrying either a monovalent cation or a monovalent anion. The selectivity sequence among the ions studied being: Li+(1) greater than ClO4-(0.7) greater than Na+(0.07) greater than K+(0.016) greater than Rb+(0.0095) greater than Cs+(0.0083) greater than Cl-(0.001). Mg2+ and SO42- were found to be impermeant (under present experimental conditions). This sequence shows that the AS701 molecule has low selectivity for ions present in biological media, among those studied (i.e. Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42-). This indicates that these ions will not interfere in the Li+ permeability induced by this carrier in vivo, and that the carrier will not interfere in the normal transport processes of these ions. PMID- 7317409 TI - Effects of anchorage-modulating doses of concanavalin A, microtubule-disrupting drugs and microfilament perturbants, cytochalasins, on the phosphatidylinositol response of rat lymph-node cells. AB - In lymphocytes isolated from rat lymph nodes, concanavalin A stimulated the 32PO4 incorporation into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid in a dose-dependent manner up to 200 micrograms of the lectin per ml of the lymphocyte culture. [3H]Thymidine incorporation was found to be optimal at 2 micrograms concanavalin A per ml of the culture when the incorporation was examined at the same cell density as was used in the determination of the 32PO4 incorporation. As previously described (Wang, J.L. and Edelman, G.M. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 3000-3007), the [3H]thymidine incorporation was inhibited at doses higher than 5 micrograms/ml in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that concanavalin A produced the phosphatidylinositol PI response of rat lymph-node cells in the dose range in which the mobility and distribution of lymphocyte surface receptors were modulated by the lectin (Yahara, I. and Edelman, G.M. (1972) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 608--612). Colchicine and vinblastine at a concentration of 10(-4) M did not inhibit the concanavalin A-induced PI response of rat lymph-node cells. Cytochalasins B and D at a concentration of 10( 5) M enhanced the concanavalin A-induced PI response to some degree. All the results obtained suggest that submembranous assemblies of microtubules and microfilaments do not play an indispensable role in the sequence of events involved in the PI response of rat lymph-node cells. PMID- 7317410 TI - A chloride requirement for Na+-dependent amino-acid transport by brush border membrane vesicles isolated from the intestine of a Mediterranean teleost (Boops salpa). AB - The uptake of D-glucose, 2-aminoisobutyric acid and glycine was studied with intestinal brush border membrane vesicles of a marine herbivorous fish: Boops salpa. The uptake of these three substances is stimulated by an Na+ electrochemical gradient (Cout greater than Cin). For glucose, an increase of the electrical membrane potential generated by a concentration gradient of the liposoluble anion, SCN-, increases the Na+-dependent transport. This responsiveness to the membrane potential was confirmed by valinomycin. Differently from glucose, uptake of glycine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid requires, besides the Na+ gradient, the presence of Cl- on the external side of the vesicles. In the absence of Cl-, amino acid uptake is not stimulated by the Na+ gradient and is not influenced by an electrical membrane potential generated by SCN- gradient (Cout greater than Cin) or by a K+ diffusion potential (Cin greater than Cout). This Cl- requirement differs from the Na+ requirement, since a Cl- gradient (Cout greater than Cin) does not result in an accumulation of glycine or 2-aminoisobutyric acid similar to that produced by an Na+ gradient. PMID- 7317411 TI - On the mechanism of vesicle release from ATP-depleted human red blood cells. AB - The release of spectrin-free vesicles from ATP-depleted human red blood cells (Lutz et al. (1977) J. Cell. Biol. 73, 548) can be considered the final step of a shape change from discocytes to echinocytes. The study of physical and chemical properties of released vesicles suggests that vesicle release is not merely a consequence of charge alterations within either monolayer of the budding membrane. Fresh membranes and released vesicles have within experimental error the same sialic acid content per surface area and the same electrophoretic mobilities. Vesicle release cannot be stimulated by doubling the charge density on the outer monolayer by means of a phospholipase D-treatment, but correlates with a breakdown of polyphosphoinositides to diacylglycerol on the inner monolayer. This breakdown does not lead to a significant change in the negative charge density on the inner monolayer, because an increased phosphatidate content compensates for this alteration. Furthermore, polyphosphoinositide breakdown and diacylglycerol production are not the rate-limiting step in vesicle release from ATP-depleting red blood cells. This is evident from the fact that 10 mM EDTA inhibits vesicle release to 75% without affecting polyphosphoinositide breakdown and diacylglycerol production. Hence, diacylglycerol formation may be sufficient for membrane budding as suggested earlier (Allan et al. (1976) Nature 261, 58), but vesicle release requires a second, as yet unidentified process. PMID- 7317412 TI - The lack of relationship between fluorescence polarization and lateral diffusion in biological membranes. AB - An investigation has been carried out of the relationship between changes in the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and concomitant changes in the lateral diffusion of proteins and lipid probes in membranes. Plasma membranes from lymphocytes and a CH1 mouse lymphoma line were treated with up to 70 mol% (relative to the total membrane phospholipid) of oleic or linoleic fatty acids. Under these conditions the fluorescence polarization of DPH decreased by between 8 and 15% which, in the framework of the microviscosity approach, suggests a membrane fluidity change of between 20 and 50%. The lateral diffusion coefficients of surface immunoglobin and the lipid probes 3,3' dioctadecylindocarbocyanine and pyrene were also measured in these membranes using the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique and the rate of pyrene excimer formation. The diffusion rates were found to be unaffected by the presence of free fatty acids. Hence despite large 'microviscosity' changes as reported by depolarization of DPH fluorescence, lateral diffusion coefficients are essentially unchanged. This finding is consistent with the idea that perturbing agents such as free fatty acids do not cause a general fluidization of the membrane but act locally to alter, for example, protein function. It is also consistent with the suggestion that lateral mobility of membrane proteins is not modulated by the lipid viscosity. PMID- 7317413 TI - Reversal potentials corresponding to mechanical stimulation and leakage current in Myxicola giant axons. AB - The response of a Myxicola infundibulum giant axon to a transverse mechanical stimulus is an increase in membrane conductance. The similarity of the reversal potential for this conductance increase and the reversal potential for leakage current, together with other similarities, suggest similar pathways for these two processes. Depolarization of the reversal potential with increased mechanical stimulus is best explained in terms of a gradual change in the mechanically stimulated ionic pathways. PMID- 7317414 TI - Evidence for negative cooperativity in human erythrocyte sugar transport. AB - 1. When D-glucose exchange influx is measure over a wide range of concentrations then two affinity constants (2.27 and 26.0 mM) are evident. This is consistent with a transport model (the allosteric pore model) in which there is negative cooperativity between subunits of the transport protein. 2. The equations for the allosteric pore model interacting with two substrates (or a substrate and an inhibitor) have been derived and have been used to analyse data from exchange inhibition and for mixed infinite-trans uptake experiments. 3. The exchange inhibition of tracer 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, D-xylose and D-fructose uptake by D glucose also shows evidence for negative cooperativity and for two inhibition constants which are approximately equal to the D-glucose equilibrium exchange affinity constants. 4. The uptake of D-glucose into infinite-trans D-glucose or 3 O-methyl-D-glucose gives Km values of 2.6 and 2.33 mM, respectively. The uptake of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose into infinite-trans D-glucose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose gives Km values of 6.0 and 4.6 mM, respectively. V values are slightly higher when the internal sugar is 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. 5. In cells that are treated with fluorodinitrobenzene the apparent Ki value for D-glucose inhibition of tracer D-fructose uptake is lowered. It is proposed that this is due to a partially selective effect of FDNB on the internal subunit interface stability constant (the internal pore gate). PMID- 7317415 TI - Local anesthetics noncompetitively inhibit terbium binding to the exterior surface of nerve membrane vesicles. AB - It has previously been shown that terbium binds to membrane vesicles prepared from the walking leg nerve of the lobster (Homarus americanus) with a high affinity Kd of 2.2 microM. Fluorescence of bound Tb3+ occurs via energy transfer from the aromatic residues of proteins (gamma ex = 280 nm; gamma em = 546 nm), and calcium inhibits Tb3+ binding competitively with a Ki of 1.8 mM. Displacement studies with EDTA demonstrate that more than 95% of the bound Tb3+ is at the vesicle exterior and is not being taken up by the vesicles. To investigate the putative role of Ca2+ in the interaction of local anesthetics with axonal membranes, lidocaine and the analogs GX-HCl and QX-314 were tested as inhibitors of Tb3+ binding. Inhibition by lidocaine is seen only at considerably higher doses (25 mM) than are required for conduction block of intact nerves (5 mM). Inhibition by lidocaine and the primary amine analog GX-HCl is entirely noncompetitive, whereas the quaternary ammonium derivative QX-314 appears to be a mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibitor of Tb3+ binding. These data are not compatible with the hypothesis that there is a functionally essential cation binding site on the axonal membrane surface for which Ca2+ and local anesthetics compete, although local anesthetic action may be modified indirectly by altered calcium concentrations. Evidence is presented for a mechanism by which local anesthetics indirectly displace Tb3+ by altering the physical state of the axonal membrane. PMID- 7317416 TI - A new fluorimetric method to measure protein-catalyzed phospholipid transfer using 1-acyl-2-parinaroylphosphatidylcholine. AB - A new, simple and versatile method to measure phospholipid transfer has been developed, based on the use of a fluorescent phospholipid derivative, 1-acyl-2 parinaroylphosphatidylcholine. Vesicles prepared of this phospholipid show a low level of fluorescence due to interaction between the fluorescent groups. When phospholipid transfer protein and vesicles consisting of non-labeled phosphatidylcholine are added the protein catalyzes an exchange of phosphatidylcholine between the labeled donor and non-labeled acceptor vesicles. The insertion of labeled phosphatidylcholine into the non-labeled vesicles is accompanied by an increase in fluorescence due to abolishment of self-quenching. The initial rate of fluorescence enhancement was found to be proportional to the amount of transfer protein added. This assay was applied to determine the effect of membrane phospholipid composition on the activity of the phosphatidylcholine-, phosphatidylinositol- and non-specific phospholipid transfer proteins. Using acceptor vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine and various amounts of phosphatidic acid it was observed that the rate of phosphatidylcholine transfer was either stimulated, inhibited or unaffected by increased negative charge depending on the donor to acceptor ratio and the protein used. In another set of experiments acceptor vesicles were prepared of phosphatidylcholine analogues in which the ester bonds were replaced with ether bonds or carbon-carbon bonds. Assuming that only a strictly coupled exchange between phosphatidylcholine and analogues gives rise to the observed fluorescence increase, orders of substrate preference should be established for the phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins. PMID- 7317417 TI - Localization of polyphosphates at the outside of the yeast cell plasma membrane. AB - Under appropriate experimental conditions toluidine blue is bound to the yeast cell surface, without penetrating into the cells. Based on experimental observations it is highly probable that the dye is bound to polyphosphates, localized outside the plasma membrane. The probable localization of polyphosphates outside the plasma membrane is important in the context of the proposed involvement of polyphosphates in glucose transport in yeast. PMID- 7317418 TI - Symmetrical distribution and rapid transbilayer movement of cholesterol in Mycoplasma gallisepticum membranes. AB - The exchange of cholesterol between [14C]cholesterol-labeled Mycoplasma gallisepticum cells and an excess of sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol vesicles (molar ratio of 0.9) was measured. More than 90% of the radioactive cholesterol underwent transfer from intact cells to the vesicles. The kinetics of the transfer was biphasic. About 50% of the radioactive cholesterol was exchanged with a half-time of about 4 h. The residual was exchanged at a slower rate with a half-time of about 9 h at 37 degrees C. Bovine serum albumin had a pronounced effect in enhancing both the fast and slow rates of cholesterol exchange, but did not affect the pool sizes significantly. The half-time for equilibration of the two pools in the presence of 2% albumin, calculated using a reversible two-pool method of analysis, was 6.2 h. The effect of albumin was also obtained with isolated membrane preparations and with cells treated with growth inhibitors, suggesting that this effect is independent of albumin preservation of cell viability. The rate enhancement of albumin was concentration dependent with maximal effects observed with greater than or equal to 2%, where the rates of exchange of both the rapidly and slowly exchanging pools were twice as fast. The mechanism by which albumin may affect the exchange rates is discussed. PMID- 7317419 TI - The condensing effect of glucagon on phospholipid bilayers. AB - Glucagon forms discoidal particles with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine at temperatures below the phase transition. Under these conditions and at a lipid to protein molar ratio of 20 : 1, glucagon is observed to induce a closer packing of the phospholipid bilayer. Similar effects are observed upon the interaction of glucagon with dilauroylphosphatidylcholine. In the region of the phase transition the discoidal particles are observed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy to undergo end-to-end association leading to the formation of multilamellar structures containing only a few layers and having a large internal volume. Above the phase transition temperature the properties of the lipid appear to be unperturbed by glucagon according to either freeze-fracture or densitometer studies. These results support the importance of phospholipid phase transitions in peptide-lipid interactions. PMID- 7317420 TI - Activation of human lymphocytes by concanavalin A or purified protein derivative results in no alteration of fluorescence polarization of lipid probes although the electrophoretic mobility of the cells is changed. AB - Upon stimulation with either concanavalin A or the tuberculin antigen, purified protein derivative, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, purified on Ficoll Hypaque, did not exhibit a concomitant lipid fluidity alteration as measured by fluorescence polarization (P) of the lipid probe, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3-5-hexatriene (DPH). This result was independent of the incubation period, ranging from 10 min to 72 h. However, a general reduction in polarization value, from P = 0.287 (maintained for up to 2 h of incubation) to P = 0.225 after 20 h was observed for both experimental and control samples. Moreover, fluorescence polarization studies of the nonpenetrating modified DPH cationic lipid probe, 1-[4' trimethylaminophenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3-5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH), also failed to show any change in lipid fluidity subsequent to a 1-3 h incubation of lymphocytes with concanavalin A. Cell electrophoretic mobility, however, was altered (mean cell mobility increased by 10-15%) in a fast response to stimulation and was observed within several hours of in vitro application of concanavalin A and purified protein derivative. This initial response disappeared with further incubation at 37 degrees C (greater than 3 h) and was followed by a decline of cellular mobility of the concanavalin A-exposed cells after 48 and 72 h of incubation. The unstimulated control cells did not change in mobility as a function of incubation time. The slow decline in mean cell mobility of the experimental cells is believed to be associated with blastogenesis. It is concluded that neither blastogenic transformation nor short term membrane alterations associated with human lymphocyte activation lead to lipid fluidity changes as measured in steady state by the fluorescence polarization of both DPH and TMA-DPH. PMID- 7317421 TI - Potassium fluxes in the rat reticulocyte. Ouabain sensitivity and changes during maturation. AB - K+ turnover is markedly enhanced in the rat reticulocyte, both influx and efflux rates being increased by factors of approximately 3 over the corresponding rates in adult cells. These accelerated fluxes are observed despite the absence of any appreciable change in intracellular K+ concentration during the course of maturation. Qualitative characteristics of the active transport process for K+ influx appear to be identical in reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes with regard both to K+ sensitivity, and to ouabain sensitivity as a function of external K+ concentration. The number of ouabain binding sites per unit volume of cells, however, is increased by a factor of approximately three in the reticulocyte and thus correlates well with the observed degree of enhancement of active K+ influx in these cells. Half-maximal rates of ouabain-sensitive K+ influx are observed at external K+ concentrations well below 1 mM for both reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes. It is concluded that the enhanced rate of K+ accumulation in the reticulocyte can be quantitatively attributed to an increased number of pump units which are qualitatively identical to those in the mature cell, and which function at a near-maximal rate at the ambient K+ concentration present in normal rat plasma. PMID- 7317422 TI - Effects of temperature and lipid composition on the serum albumin-induced aggregation and fusion of small unilamellar vesicles. AB - Small unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, mixed with small unilamellar vesicles labelled with 2-(10-(1-pyrene)decanoyl)phosphatidylcholine, exhibit a constant average size and excimer to monomer (E/M) ratio for several hours when incubated at pH 3.6 at a temperature higher than the phase transition temperature (Tc) of the lipids. Addition of bovine serum albumin to this system produces a transient turbidity increase, a fast decrease in the E/M ratio, a partial loss of vesicle entrapped [14C]sucrose and a measurable leak-in of externally added sucrose. Sepharose 4B filtration of the system demonstrates that the E/M ratio decrease is strictly paralleled by the formation of liposomes which exhibit a low E/M ratio and a hydrodynamic radius larger than that of small unilamellar vesicles. These data demonstrate that the E/M ratio decrease can be unequivocally ascribed to a vesicle-vesicle fusion process induced by serum albumin. The rate of serum albumin induced fusion of small unilamellar vesicles is: (a) maximal at a stoichiometric ratio of approx. 2 albumins per vesicle; (b) sensitive to the nature of the lipid and; (c) not altered when human serum albumin replaces bovine serum albumin. The rate of albumin-induced fusion of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles is higher below the Tc of the lipid and increases with temperature above the Tc. The formation of protein-bound aggregates with defined stoichiometries and a high local vesicle concentration, as well as changes in the local degree of hydration, are proposed to be the driving forces for the protein-induced vesicle fusion in this system. PMID- 7317423 TI - Selective removal of lipids from the outer membrane layer of human erythrocytes without hemolysis. Consequences for bilayer stability and cell shape. PMID- 7317424 TI - Glucose transport in thymocyte plasma-membrane vesicles. PMID- 7317425 TI - Inhibition of glucose transport by benzoquinone and the addition product of benzoquinone and dithiothreitol. PMID- 7317426 TI - Control of membrane fusion by phospholipid head groups. I. Phosphatidate/phosphatidylinositol specificity. AB - We have studied the characteristics of fusion of large unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidate and phosphatidylinositol alone and in mixtures with other naturally occurring phospholipids. Fusion was induced by the addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ and was monitored by detecting the mixing of aqueous vesicle contents. Release of vesicle contents was measured by dequenching of carboxyfluorescein fluorescence. Aggregation was monitored by 90 degrees light scattering. The results indicated striking differences with respect to the fusion capacity of the different vesicles. Phosphatidate vesicles fuse in the presence of both Ca2+ and Mg2+ at threshold concentration ranges of 0.03-0.1 mM (Ca2+) and 0.07-0.15 mM (Mg2+) depending on the pH of the medium, 8.5-6.0, respectively. In contrast, phosphatidylinositol vesicles do not fuse with either Ca2+ or Mg2+ even at 50 mM concentrations, in spite of aggregation induced by both cations in the range of 5-10 mM. A large difference in terms of fusion capacity is retained even when these two phospholipids are mixed with phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in 2 : 2 : 4 : 2 molar ratios. The results are discussed in terms of the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion and the possible role of the metabolic interconversion of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidate as an on-off control system for membrane fusion phenomena involved in secretion. PMID- 7317427 TI - Control of membrane fusion by phospholipid head groups. II. The role of phosphatidylethanolamine in mixtures with phosphatidate and phosphatidylinositol. PMID- 7317428 TI - Amino acid influx across the mucosal border of the rat intestine in vivo. AB - The lack of an in vivo method for measuring influx of amino acid into the mucosa has prevented a systematic comparison of characteristics of amino acid influx in vivo with prior in vitro studies. We developed and validated a technique for measuring amino acid influx in vivo. The mucosa is exposed briefly to labelled amino acid perfused luminally at a rapid rate and tissue uptake is measured. The brief exposure period insures that amino acid is confined to the segment. The rapid perfusion rate minimizes concentration of endogenous Na+ in the lumen and permits Na-dependency for alpha-aminoisobutyric acid influx to be demonstrated in vivo for the first time. We also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of K+ and competition by glycine on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid influx in vivo. The saturation kinetics for L-leucine in vivo and in vitro were compared under varying perfusion rates and with and without stirring with air. Under optimal conditions of agitation (rapid perfusion and bubbling with air), the apparent Michaelis constant (Kt) is decreased to be almost equal to that determined under comparable influx conditions in vitro. These studies demonstrate no major difference between characteristics of amino acid transport under more physiologic in vivo conditions as compared with prior in vitro studies. PMID- 7317429 TI - Absence of binding sites for the transport inhibitor nitrobenzylthioinosine on nucleoside transport-deficient mouse lymphoma cells. AB - Cells of an adenosine-resistant clone (AE1) of S49 mouse lymphoma cells were compared with cells of the parental line with respect to (a) characteristics of nucleoside transport, (b) high affinity binding of the inhibitor of nucleoside transport, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), and (c) the antiproliferative effects of the nucleoside antibiotics, tubercidin, arabinosyladenine and showdomycin. Rates of inward transport of uridine, thymidine, adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, tubercidin, showdomycin, and arabinosyladenine in AE1 cells were less than 1% of those in cells of the parental S49 line. The inhibitor of nucleoside transport, NBMPR, reduced rates of inward nucleoside transport in S49 cells to levels comparable to those seen in the transport-defective mutant. S49 cells possessed high affinity sites that bound NBMPR (6.6 X 10(4) sites/cell, Kd = 0.2 nM), whereas site-specific binding of NBMPR to AE1 cells was not demonstrable, indicating that loss of nucleoside transport activity in AE1 cells was accompanied by loss of the high affinity NBMPR binding sites. Relative to S49 cells, AE1 cells were resistant to the antiproliferative effects of tubercidin and showdomycin, but differences between the two cell lines in sensitivity toward arabinosyladenine were minor, suggesting that nucleoside transport activity was required for cytotoxicity of tubercidin and showdomycin, but not for that of arabinosyladenine. PMID- 7317430 TI - Effect of ionophores and metabolic inhibitors on protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. AB - The effect of some ionophores and metabolic inhibitors on reticulocytes protein synthesis was examined. At microM concentrations, valinomycin, nigericin and CCCP rapidly inhibit protein synthesis, while with antimycin-A or DCCD the inhibition is rather slow. The onset of the arrest of protein synthesis coincides with a 20- 30% drop in the intracellular ATP content. No inhibition in protein synthesis or drop in ATP was found after 1 h incubation without glucose or in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. It is shown that the inhibition by valinomycin, nigericin or CCCP is not due to their effect on K+ and/or H+ fluxes through the plasma membrane. Reticulocytes incubated at pH 8.2 show much lower inhibition of protein synthesis by nigericin, CCCP, DCCD or antimycin-A. On the other hand, at this alkaline pH, starvation to glucose causes high inhibition of protein synthesis. It is concluded that the ionophores inhibit protein synthesis due to their uncoupling effect on mitochondrial ATP synthesis. At high pH, the glycolytic activity is relatively high, and the ATP generated by the glycolysis can compensate to some degree for the ATP loss in the oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 7317431 TI - Influence of inorganic cations and histone proteins on the terbium(III)-nucleic acid interaction. AB - We have studied the interaction of the fluorescent lanthanide, terbium(III) (Tb3+), with polynucleotides and linear and superhelical DNA, through employment of mono- and multivalent cations as competitive inhibitors. Increasingly effective competitive inhibiton of the Tb3+-nucleic acid interaction was achieved, for the most part, in the cation order monovalent less than divalent less than tetravalent. The divalent cation Cu2+ proved to be an exception to this trend, and was the strongest competitive inhibitor or all cations tested, exhibiting an affinity for Tb3+ binding sites over twice that of Tb3+ itself. Unexpectedly, a narrow range of low sodium ion concentration (8--20 mM) was found to be effective in inducing localized unwinding or unstacking of linear and supercoiled DNA double helices, a phenomenon detectable through the use of both Tb3+ fluorescence enhancement and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Within a similar range of low sodium ion concentration, moreover, histone H1 was substantially more effective in displacing terbium ion from DNA than either histones H2B or H4, but at higher ionic strength, this difference was absent. These results further confirm the sensitivity and specificity of Tb3+ as a conformational probe of nucleic acids. PMID- 7317432 TI - Ni2+, a new inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium transport. AB - 1. The effect of Ni2+ on respiration, volume changes and Ca2+ movements was investigated in rat liver mitochondria. 2. Ni2+ inhibited Ca2+ uptake into respiring mitochondria, Ca2+-stimulated respiration and swelling in Ca2+ salts, whereas it did not inhibit either state 4 and DNP-stimulated respiration, or swelling in K+ salt in the presence of valinomycin. 3. The inhibitory concentration of Ni2+ dependent strongly on the applied Ca2+ concentration. As revealed by direct methods, 50% inhibition of Ca2+ influx was achieved by approx. 2-fold excess of Ni2+. 4. If added to Ca2+-loaded mitochondria, Ni2+ gave rise to slow Ca2+ release and inhibited uncoupler-induced efflux slightly. 5. It is concluded that Ni2+ is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Ca2+ influx is far more sensitive to inhibition than Ca2+ efflux. PMID- 7317433 TI - Synthesis of collagen type I, type I trimer and type III by embryonic mouse dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells in vitro. AB - Epithelial and mesenchymal dental cells were grown in primary monolayer culture and the ability of both cell types to synthesize interstitial collagens was investigated. Pepsin-solubilized collagens were analyzed by CM-cellulose chromatography and both cell types were found to synthesize collagen type I, type III and type I trimer. The collagen phenotype of mesenchymal cells (type I: 82.4%, type III: 8.5%, type I trimer: 9.1%) was different from that of epithelial cells (type I: 71.8%, type III: 9.5%, type I trimer: 18.7%). The radioactivity incorporated into collagen molecules by mesenchymal cells was 34-times greater than the radioactivity incorporated by epithelial cells. This result agreed with previous observations obtained from tissue culture experiments (Lesot, H. and Ruch, J.V. (1979) Biol. Cell. 34, 23--37) which indicated a low synthesis of interstitial collagens by isolated dental epithelia when compared to isolated dental mesenchymes. PMID- 7317434 TI - Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. Lack of effect of phosphorylation upon ribosomal function in vitro. PMID- 7317435 TI - A differential labelling model for determining the number of catalytically essential carboxyl groups in fumarase. AB - We have developed a mathematical model of the nonideal case in which enzymatic activity changes may also result from modification of non-essential groups. As an illustration of this method, the number of essential carboxyl groups in pig heart fumarase (L-malate hydro-lyase, ED 4.2.1.2) was determined by the differential labeling technique. Enzymatic activity was related to the number of modified carboxyl groups according to the model and the results were compatible with the existence of two essential carboxyl groups in fumarase. PMID- 7317436 TI - Purification of cathepsin D from rabbit skeletal muscle and its action towards myofibrils. AB - Cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.4) was purified from rabbit skeletal muscle using acetone dried muscle powder as starting material. After the acetone-dried powder was extracted with 0.2 mM ATP, the extract was fractionated with acetone an subjected to DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Rechromatography on a Sephadex G-100 column resulted in a purified preparation. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed one major band of 42,000 daltons and some bands of contaminants. Since gel filtration also indicated a value of 42,000 daltons for the enzyme, it was concluded that muscle cathepsin D has no subunit structure. The enzyme acted optimally towards myofibrils around pH3, resulting in the degradation of the myosin heavy chain and production of a 30,000-dalton component. PMID- 7317437 TI - The protoporphyrin-apoperoxidase complex as a horseradish peroxidase analog. A fluorimetric study of the heme pocket. AB - Similarity of the protein tertiary structures of the native horseradish peroxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) and protoporphyrin-apoperoxidase complex has been shown on the basis of identity of the tryptophan fluorescence parameter at pH 2.0-8.0 and of the circular dichroism spectra of the two proteins. Absorption and fluorescence spectra have been obtained for protoporphyrin in the complex in the pH range 7.0-1.6. A shift in the apparent pK by 4 units has been observed for protonation of the protoporphyrin pyrrolic ring in the complex. From this shift, the dielectric constant has been evaluated for the heme pocket of the peroxidase (approx. 20). Fluorescence quantum yield of protoporphyrin in the complex increased with pH decreasing from 5.0 to 3.5, whereas the spectrum pattern and fluorescence lifetime did not change. The ions, I- and [Fe(CN)6]-4, peroxidase substrates, did not quench the protoporphyrin fluorescence in the complex at about neutral pH, whereas the quenching markedly enhanced with lowering pH. The bimolecular constant for the I- -quenching of the porphyrin fluorescence on the complex showed a pH-dependence similar to that of the bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of peroxidase compound I with I-. Mechanism for I- oxidation at an acid pH in the presence of peroxidase has been proposed. PMID- 7317438 TI - Partial characterization and studies of fibroblast and leucocyte neuraminidase activities towards sialyloligosaccharides in adult sialidosis and mucolipidosis II and III. AB - We describe the partial characterization and some properties of fibroblast and leucocyte neuraminidase towards 2 leads to 3 and 2 leads to 6 sialyllacose, and 2 leads to 3 and 2 leads to 6 sialylhexasaccharide which were isolated from the urine of a patient with adult sialidosis with partial beta-galactosidase deficiency. Neuraminidase activities were assayed using the radioactive-labeled derivatives of these saccharide substrates. These neuraminidases (acylneuraminyl hydrolase, EC 3.2.1.18) were partially inactivated by homogenization, sonication and freeze-thawing treatment. The leucocyte neuraminidase was more labile than that of fibroblasts. Fibroblast neuraminidase had about a 10-fold higher activity than leucocyte neuraminidase towards the respective substrates. The neuraminidase from fibroblasts and leucocytes were each able to hydrolyze 2 leads to 3 isomers 2-3 times faster than 2 leads to 6 isomers and the sialyllactoses 1.5-3.0-times faster than sialylhexasaccharides. Neuraminidase activities towards all four substrates were deficient in fibroblasts and leucocytes from the patients with adult sialidosis. Loss of activity was especially prominent in fibroblasts, while considerable residual activities (about 20-30%) remaining in leucocytes. In mucolipidosis II and III patients, these neuraminidase activities showed normal levels in leucocytes, although they were decreased in fibroblasts. The discrepancy between neuraminidase activities towards 2 leads to 3 and 2 leads to 6 isomers was not found in all the cases. PMID- 7317439 TI - Kinetics of suicide substrates. Steady-state treatments and computer-aided exact solutions. AB - A steady-state differential equation that describes the kinetics of suicide substrate was derived for a scheme presented by Walsh et al. (Walsh, C., Cromartie, T., Marcotte, P. and Spencer, r. (1978) Methods Enzymol. 53, 437-488). Using its analytical solutions, the progress curves of substrate disappearance, product formation and enzyme inactivation were calculated for a hypothetical model system, and were compared with the exact solutions which were obtained by the numerical computation on a set of rate equations. The results obtained with the present analytical solutions were much more consistent with the exact solutions than those obtained using Waley's solution (Waley, S.G. (1980) Biochem. J. 185, 771-773). The most important factor for a system of suicide substrates was found to be the term (1 + r)mu as proposed by Waley, where r is the ratio of the rate constant of product formation to that of enzyme inactivation and mu is the ratio of initial concentration of enzyme to that of suicide substrate. In cases where this term has a value greater than unity, all the molecules of suicide substrate are used up leaving some enzyme molecule still active. To the contrary, in cases where the term has a value smaller than unity, all the enzyme molecules are inactivated with some molecules of suicide substrate being left unreacted. When the term is equal to unity, then all the enzyme molecules are inactivated and all the molecules of the suicide ar converted. Practical methods for estimating kinetic parameters are described. PMID- 7317440 TI - Porcine thyroid fucosidase. AB - An alpha-L-fucosidase (alpha-L-fucoside fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.51) has been isolated from porcine thyroid tissue and purified 10,800-fold using a combination of ion exchange, affinity and molecular sieve chromatography. The enzyme appears homogeneous by SDS electrophoresis but isoelectric focusing procedures detect considerable heterogeneity. The enzyme is a glycoprotein and this fact interferes with accurate molecular weight estimates by SDS electrophoresis or molecular sieve techniques. The enzyme appears, however, to be a tetramer and density gradient measurements set its molecular weight at 192,000 +/- 3,000. The enzyme exhibits an optimum at a pH of 5.1 and shows a high order of specificity for L fucose units linked through alpha bonds. Both sulfhydryl and carboxyl groups appear necessary for enzyme activity. The enzyme does not attack intact thyroglobulin directly but will remove fucosyl residues from the glycone moiety if the protein portion is largely removed. The enzyme thus functions in a salvage role as thyroglobulin is degraded. PMID- 7317441 TI - A protein kinase of the plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - D. discoideum amoebae were found to phosphorylate plasma membrane proteins when intact cells were incubated with either [gamma-32P]ATP or [32P]phosphate. In the first case, the incorporation was largely a consequence of the hydrolysis of [gamma-32P]ATP, cellular uptake of the generated [32P]phosphate and its subsequent incorporation into ATP. When the contribution of this process to the phosphorylating activity of intact cells was eliminated, an ecto-protein kinase (ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) activity could be demonstrated. As amoebae progressed through their aggregation program, they showed a decreased ability to phosphorylate their plasma membrane when incubated with [gamma-32 P]ATP or [32P]phosphate. Analysis of ATPase activity, permeability properties and the pattern of proteins phosphorylated by intact cells and isolated plasma membranes lead to the following conclusions: the lower levels of phosphorylation observed with starved cells reflected an altered uptake of [32P]phosphate by these cells rather than a significant change in the plasma membrane protein kinase activity. Neither the substrates nor the activity of the ecto-protein kinase was dramatically altered during starvation. PMID- 7317442 TI - Purification and properties of aldose 1-epimerase from Aspergillus niger. AB - Aspergillus niger ATCC 6274 was selected as an aldose 1-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.3) producer from 45 stock cultures of A. niger. The aldose 1-epimerase was purified 115-fold to apparent homogeneity from cell extracts with a yield of 2.6%. The molecular weight was calculated to be 260,000 and that of the subunit to be 130,000. The enzyme preparation was active at pH 5-7. The Km value was 50 mM and the V value was 1200 units/mg toward alpha-D-glucose. This enzyme catalyzed mutarotation of the following substrates; alpha-D-glucose, beta-D-fructose, beta L-arabinose and beta-D-galactose. The time required for glucose determination with a glucose oxidase reagent was significantly shortened by the addition of aldose 1-epimerase. PMID- 7317443 TI - Biosynthesis of riboflavin. Characterization of the product of the deaminase. AB - The 2'5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate deaminase was partially purified from cell extracts of Candida guilliermondii ATCC 9058. The enzyme requires Mg2+ for activity. Maximal activity was observed at pH 7,3. The enzyme converts its substrate, 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5' phosphate, to 2,5-diamino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 5'-phosphate. This labile compound was treated with diacetyl and the resulting 6,7-dimethyl-8 ribityllumazine 5'-phosphate was identified by comparison with a synthetic sample. PMID- 7317444 TI - Differential effects of the NADPH/NADP+ ratio on the activities of hexose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The steady-state kinetics of rat liver hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (beta-D glucose: NAD(P)+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.47) using glucose 6-phosphate and NADP+ as substrates is studied. NADPH has been found to inhibit the enzyme noncompetitively with respect to NADP+, and uncompetitively with respect to glucose 6-phosphate. At a given concentration of glucose 6-phosphate, the reaction follows the basic inhibition equation. This suggests the presence of the enzyme-NADP+-NADPH complex, and contrasts with the NADPH inhibition of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase which is competitive with respect to NADP+. An attempt was made to estimate the in vivo activities of the two enzymes in rat liver in the presence of NADPH at various NADPH/NADP+ ratios. The results show that the two enzymes appear to be at about the same level of activity in normal rat liver where the coenzyme redox ratio is 110 and the glucose 6-phosphate concentration is 217 microM. Under the same conditions, but with 50 microM dehydroepiandrosterone, a potent inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, but not of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the latter enzyme is estimated to be 1.6-times as active as the former. Such differential effects of NADPH and steroids on the two enzymes may support our notion that hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase may have advantages over glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D glucose-6-phosphate: NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) in steroid-metabolizing tissues (the activity of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is not, or less, affected by steroids of NADPH). PMID- 7317445 TI - Spectrophotometric investigation of products formed following the initial one electron electrochemical reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). AB - On electrolysis of NAD+ in aqueous solution at a potential corresponding to the initial one-electron reduction of NAD+ to a free radical, a greenish-yellow color appears which fades when electrolysis is complete. Literature ultraviolet absorption data for the resulting dimer show considerable variation. When the electrolysis is conducted in darkness, the colored product has epsilon 340 of approx. 5700 M-1 . cm-1 and epsilon 259 of approx. 31000 M-1 . cm-1. On ultraviolet and visible illumination, the color disappears, the 340-nm peak decreases and the 259-nm peak increases. On only visible illumination, the color disappears, both peaks increase, the dimer's polarographic oxidation wave decreases and the wave due to 1-substituted nicotinamide reduction increases. The data suggest that the dimer decomposes to NAD+ and 1,4-NADH. PMID- 7317446 TI - The source of the heat resistance of bacterial spores. Study of water in spores by NMR. PMID- 7317447 TI - Mechanism of molybdate activation of adenylate cyclase. AB - Molybdate activation of rat liver plasma membrane adenylate cyclase has been examined and compared with the effect of glucagon, Gpp(NH)p and fluoride. Glucagon does not stimulate the detergent solubilized enzyme though molybdate, fluoride, and Gpp(NH)p are effective in this regard. The stimulatory effects of either fluoride or molybdate are additive with those of GTP and do not require guanyl nucleotide to evoke their activation. Neither fluoride nor molybdate can substitute for GTP when glucagon is the activator of rat liver adenyl cyclase. The stimulatory effects of either ion on adenylate cyclase are additive with that produced by glucagon. Activation of adenylate cyclase by either molybdate or fluoride occurs by a mechanism distinct from that of glucagon or guanyl nucleotide. The data presented her suggest that fluoride and molybdate may act via in a similar mechanism of action. Neither ion displays a lag in activation of adenylate cyclase. The pH profiles of fluoride and molybdate-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity are similar, and distinct from guanyl nucleotide-stimulated activity. Cholera toxin treatment of adenylate cyclase blocks fluoride and molybdate stimulation of the enzyme to the same extent, while enhancing the activation obtained with GTP and hormones. PMID- 7317448 TI - Glycolipid sialyltransferases in normal and neoplastic murine thymocytes. AB - Total labeled glycolipids from thymocytes of leukemic AKR/J mouse thymus incubated for 24 h in the presence of the precursors [3H] galactose or [14C] glucosamine were found to exceed those from non-leukemic thymocytes. The amount of labeled compounds that co-migrated with monosialogangliosides (GM3 and GM2) and disialogangliosides (GD1a and GD1b) was higher, whereas incorporation into monosialoganglioside (GM1) and trisialoganglioside (GT1) was lower in leukemic than in non-leukemic thymocytes. Consistent with this altered pattern of ganglioside distribution was the finding of a higher activity of two of the sialyltransferase activities in homogenates of leukemic thymus as compared to normal thymus. About 2-fold higher activities of the enzymes CMP-AcNeu: lactosylceramide sialyltransferase and CMP-AcNeu: GM1 sialyltransferase were observed in leukemic thymus homogenate compared to homogenates of non-leukemic cells. The substrate affinity of sialyltransferase with GM1 as acceptor from the leukemic thymus was similar to that of the enzyme from normal thymus. Thus, our studies reveal an enzymatic basis for the enhanced rate of synthesis and altered ganglioside profile observed in malignant thymocytes, and are consistent with the general view on the pattern of acidic glycolipids in tumorigenesis. PMID- 7317449 TI - Lipid peroxidation and hemoglobin degradation in red blood cells exposed to t butyl hydroperoxide. Dependence on glucose metabolism and hemoglobin status. AB - Changes in hemoglobin status and lipid peroxidation were followed in red cells containing either oxy-met-, or carbonmonoxyhemoglobin, incubated with t-butyl hydroperoxide in a medium with or without glucose. Loss of intact hemoglobin (the sum of oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin) was inversely proportional to the degree of lipid peroxidation in red cells containing either oxy- or methemoglobin. When glucose was added to the medium, lipid peroxidation increased while there was a decreased loss of intact hemoglobin in red cells containing either oxy- or methemoglobin, while both lipid peroxidation and changes in hemoglobin decreased in red cells containing carbonmonoxyhemoglobin. Methemoglobin formation and loss of intact hemoglobin were directly proportional to the degree of lipid peroxidation in red cells containing carbonmonoxyhemoglobin. The greatest amount of lipid peroxidation occurred in red cells containing carbonmonoxyhemoglobin, incubated without glucose. These results indicate that methemoglobin and non intact hemoglobin may protect the membrane against lipid peroxidation. We propose that, depending on the availability of glucose and the liganded state of hemoglobin, lipid peroxidation and hemoglobin alterations represent extremes of a spectrum of oxidative damage. PMID- 7317450 TI - Some determinants of partitioning behavior of lymphoblasts in aqueous biphasic systems. AB - Partitioning behavior of murine lymphoblasts was examined in biphasic aqueous systems containing dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) with no potential difference across the interface. Persistence of cells in the upper phase of the system could be promoted by addition of the palmitate ester of poly(ethylene glycol). Partitioning effects seen here may derive from affinity of membrane sialic acid residues for dextran-rich lower-phase droplets, and antagonism of these interactions by poly(ethylene glycol) palmitate. Several determinants of partitioning behavior were examined: 1. Membrane glycosylation. Partitioning behavior of P388 and P388/ADR lymphoblasts were compared. The latter has an inherently higher degree of membrane glycosylation, resulting in a lower partition coefficient in poly(ethylene glycol) palmitate-supplemented systems. 2. Degree of esterification. Singly-esterified poly(ethylene glycol) was substantially more effective at promoting cell partition into the upper phase than was doubly-esterified glycol. Use of the latter was associated with cell cell aggregation. 3. Relative numbers of lower-phase droplets present. Decreasing the numbers of such droplets initially present markedly increased the partition coefficient. 4. Time-dependence. Even in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) palmitate, the partition coefficient fell with time, indicating an interaction between cells and lower-phase droplets not antagonized by the ester. PMID- 7317451 TI - Influence of growth hormone and thyroxine on thermotropic effects of respiration and 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate fluorescence and on lipid composition of cardiac membranes. AB - The effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent administration of growth hormone and/or L-thyroxine on thermotropic properties of State 3 respiration (ADP induced), cholesterol, phospholipid and fatty acid composition of phospholipid fraction were examined in myocardial mitochondria of rats. Temperature-dependence of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate fluorescence was determined in vesicles prepared from lipids of heart mitochondria. Transition temperature obtained from the Arrhenius plots of respiration occurred at 21 and 24 degrees C for heart mitochondria of normal and hypophysectomized rats, respectively. Most notably, after hypophysectomy the rate of respiration was lower below 24 degrees C, but was progressively higher above that temperature when compared to normal rats. The energy of activation was 148 and 36% larger below and above the transition temperature, respectively. Growth hormone restored almost completely the energy of activation and respiratory rates to normal levels. Administration of L thyroxine, with or without growth hormone, did not significantly change the rate of respiration but decreased the transition temperature to 17.7-17.9 degrees C. Lipid and phospholipid content, as well as percent distribution of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition were not statistically different among the different groups of rats. Only cholesterol content was increased after hypophysectomy. Administration of growth hormone and thyroxine did not significantly change the total unsaturation index of fatty acids, but growth hormone increased the content of arachidonic acid (20 : 4) by 70% but decreased the docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6) three times which may have a beneficial effect on mitochondrial membranes. These and other results suggest that hormones exert different effects on subcellular organelles in different tissues, like heart and liver. PMID- 7317452 TI - The chemical structure of neutral and acidic sugar chains obtained from bovine colostrum kappa-casein. AB - One neutral oligosaccharide alditol (tetrasacchariditol, 10%) and three acidic oligosaccharide alditols (a tri (28%), tetra (17%) and a pentasacchariditol (44%) were isolated from, colostrum kappa-casein taken 6 h after parturition. The neutral tetrasacchariditol and the acidic pentasacchariditol only contained a characteristic N-acetylglucosamine, and the latter was the main carbohydrate portion. The chemical structures were analyzed by methylation analysis with gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and by anomer analysis with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and were identified to be galactosyl-beta-1-3-[galactosyl beta-1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1-6-]-N-acetylgalactosaminitol, N acetylneuraminyl-alpha-2-3-galactosyl-beta-1-3-[galactosyl-beta-1-4-N acetylglucosaminyl-beta-1-6-]-N-acetylgalactosaminitol, N-acetylneuraminyl-alpha 2-6-N-acetylgalactosaminitol. The former two were the novel carbohydrate chains of colostrum kappa-casein, but the latter two were identical with those which have been found in normal kappa-casein. PMID- 7317453 TI - Effect of adenosine metabolites on methyltransferase reactions in isolated rat livers. AB - Adenosine is rapidly metabolized by isolated rat livers. The major products found in the perfusate were inosine and uric acid while hypoxanthine could also be detected. S-Adenosylhomocysteine was also excreted when the liver was perfused with both adenosine and L-homocysteine. A considerable portion of the added adenosine was salvaged via the adenosine kinase reaction. The specific radioactivity of the resultant AMP reached 75-80% of the added [8-14C] adenosine within 90 min. When the liver was perfused with adenosine alone, hydrolysis of S adenosylhomocysteine, via S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, appeared to be blocked resulting in the accumulation of this compound. As the intracellular level of S-adenosylhomocysteine increased, the rates of various methyltransferase reactions were reduced, resulting in elevated levels of intracellular S adenosylmethionine. When the liver was perfused with normal plasma levels of methionine the S-adenosylmethionine: S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio was 5.3 and the half-life of the methyl groups was 32 min. Upon further addition of adenosine the S-adenosylmethionine: S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio shifted to 1.7 and the half life of the methyl groups to 103 min. In the presence of adenosine and L homocysteine such inordinate amounts of S-adenosylhomocysteine accumulated in the cell that methylation reactions were completely inhibited. Although adenine has been found to be a product of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase only trace quantities of this compound were detectable in the tissue after perfusing the liver with high concentrations of adenosine for 90 min. PMID- 7317455 TI - Non-collagen protein and proteoglycan in renal glomerular basement membrane. AB - Extraction of rat glomerular basement membrane, purified by osmotic lysis and sequential detergent treatment, with 8 M urea containing protease inhibitors solubilizes protein that is devoid of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. This material represents 8-12% of total membrane protein, elutes mainly as two high molecular weight peaks on agarose gel filtration, and is associated with glycosaminoglycans. Isolated rat renal glomeruli incorporate [35S]sulfate into basement membrane from which this non-collagenous 35S-labeled fraction can be subsequently solubilized. The radioactivity incorporated into urea-soluble glomerular basement membrane eluted primarily with the higher molecular weight peak (Mr greater than 250 000). Cellulose acetate electrophoresis after pronase digestion of the urea-soluble fraction revealed glycosaminoglycan that was resistant to digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC, sensitive to nitrous acid treatment, and contained [35S]sulfate. The findings indicate that one of the non-collagenous components of glomerular basement membrane is a proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate. PMID- 7317454 TI - Effects of hexachlorobenzene and iron loading on rat liver mitochondria. AB - The effects of hexachlorobenzene treatment and simultaneous iron-overload on the iron and porphyrin content of rat liver and rat liver mitochondria have been examined. In order to assess damages to the mitochondrial membrane occurring with these treatments, the content of malondialdehyde and selected functional properties of mitochondria were compared with those from control animals. Prolonged intake of hexachlorobenzene (8 weeks) resulted in a strikingly increased level of porphyrins together with a moderate increase in iron concentration. Simultaneous administration of hexachlorobenzene and iron-dextran caused the porphyrin level to reach 25% of the amount induced by hexachlorobenzene alone. The iron concentrations in liver as well as in liver mitochondria are also decreased under these conditions, as compared to the effect of iron-dextran. In contrast, the effects of hexachlorobenzene combined with iron dextran on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and malondialdehyde content are greater than those of either hexachlorobenzene or iron-dextran. These data suggest that porphyrin accumulation per se causes little deleterious effect and that both agents administered together act synergistically in causing damage to the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 7317456 TI - Inactivation during phagocytosis of leucine aminopeptidase, an ecto-enzyme of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. AB - Changes in enzyme activities of the plasma membrane markers were examined during phagocytosis using guinea-pig polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Incubation of neutrophils with fresh serum-opsonized zymosan particles showed a significant reduction in leucine aminopeptidase activity, whereas 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase activities remained unchanged. Inactivation of leucine aminopeptidase activity was also observed by exposure of neutrophils to complement-opsonized zymosan particles, but not to non-opsonized zymosan, IgG coated zymosan or polystyrene latex particles. Pretreatment of neutrophils with cytochalasin B, which prevents phagocytosis but not surface binding of particles, provoked inactivation to the same degree as when the cells were allowed to phagocytose the particles. However, the inactivation during phagocytosis was protected by serine protease inhibitors. These findings suggest that loss of leucine aminopeptidase activity from phagocytosing cells may be mediated by certain serine protease inhibitor-sensitive factor(s) which are probably activated by the attachment of an opsonized zymosan particle to a specific membrane receptor, probably the C3b receptor. PMID- 7317457 TI - Effect of ATP concentration and pH on rigor tension development and dissociation of rigor complex in glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fiber. AB - Isometric rigor tension development of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers in a medium, due to the formation of rigor complexes, was estimated at varying ATP concentrations from 0 to 2.5 mM and pH values from 6.75 to 8.20. The dissociation of rigor complexes was also estimated under the same conditions. When muscle fibers developed rigor tension from the relaxed and rigor states, the magnitude of rigor tension increased with increasing concentration of ATP. Transition between rigor and relaxation in single fibers occurred discontinuously at constant levels (critical levels) of ATP which were determined by pH. The critical concentrations of ATP necessary for inducing the transitions between rigor and relaxed states were also increased exponentially with increased pH. Incomplete repetition of tension development by the same fiber was also observed. This incomplete reversibility was divided into two types: one which showed a decay in rigor tension and another which showed no decay. The reason for the incomplete reversibility was discussed PMID- 7317458 TI - Albumin secreted by rat liver bypasses Golgi apparatus cisternae. AB - Albumin was isolated immunologically from various subcellular fractions from livers of adult male rats receiving an intraperitoneal injection of [3H]leucine to investigate the kinetics and pathway of subcellular transfer of newly synthesized albumin during secretion. At appropriate time intervals, livers were excised and fractionated into endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus were further subfractionated into cisternae and secretory vesicles. In endoplasmic reticulum fractions labeled albumin appeared within 7.5 min of injection of isotope, followed by a rapid decline in specific activity. Albumin in Golgi apparatus was labeled and concentrated in secretory vesicles over 25 min. The radioactivity in albumin per mg total protein was highest in secretory vesicles and insignificant in the cisternal fraction. Labeled albumin was present in serum by 30 min and radioactivity in serum albumin reached a plateau within 60 90 min after injection of isotope. Results provide evidence for the migration of albumin from its site of synthesis on endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound polyribosomes to its site of secretion into the circulation via the Golgi apparatus. The pathway of albumin transport to secretory vesicles is suggested to involve peripheral elements of the Golgi apparatus. Secretory vesicle formation and maturation required 20 to 30 min for completion, via a mechanism whereby the inner spaces of the central saccules may be bypassed. PMID- 7317459 TI - [Modeling intramolecular interactions in proteins: IR-spectroscopy study of complexes of indole and its derivatives]. PMID- 7317460 TI - [Changes in serum albumin conformation following exposure to ultraviolet radiation]. AB - Rapid photolysis of one (the most labile) disulfide bridge in bovine and human serum albumines resulted from the sensitizing action of 212 and 214 tryptophane residues, correspondingly, decomposing practically simultaneously with the disulfide bond. This effect was not observed in 6-8 M guanidine. Conformational rearrangement of the protein globule accompanied by a decrease of the exposed arginine residues was observed after the break of the albumine disulfide bond on NaBH4 by ultraviolet, the exposed lisine residues being unaltered. The intensity of 1,8-anilinonaphtalenosulfonate (ANS) fluorescence decreased by 60-70% after the reduction of the disulfide bond due to the arginine residues being unexposed for the chromophore. PMID- 7317461 TI - [Isotherm adsorption-based determination of energy state spectra]. PMID- 7317462 TI - [Dynamic stability and parametric stabilization of steady states of unbranched metabolic pathways]. PMID- 7317463 TI - [Analysis of the heterogeneity of suspensions of phospholipid vesicles by the optical mixing technic]. PMID- 7317464 TI - [Effect of operation of the Na, K-pump on the magnitude of cell membrane potentials and intracellular ion concentrations]. AB - A model of the cell is considered under conditions of ionic current balance for basic potential-forming ions K+, Na+, Cl- and uniformity of intracellular volume. The volume of outer medium as compared to the cellular one is assumed as infinite. Passive movement of unidirectional ionic current in the model is determined by the concentration of this ion, membrane permeability for it and by the potential on the membrane. The electric field through the membrane is assumed constant. Na,K-pump is given by introducing membrane potential-independent component outward the ionic current for Na+/MNa+/ respectively and inward the ionic potential for K+/MK+/ ions respectively. It is assumed that the pump intensity is in direct proportion to the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions. The stechiometric coefficient during the pump work is given as a ratio MNa+/MK+. From the model analysis a graphic analysis of the cellular system is suggested. The latter is based on basis plane unambiguously given by outer concentrations of the ions and intracellular concentration of nonpenetrating ions. Such a basis plane reflects in terms of the model the multitude of the cellular system states. Each its point unambiguously determines intracellular concentrations of the ions, efficiency of the work of Na,K-pump and the ratio between the coefficients of ion permeability and the stechiometric coefficient of Na,K-pump. PMID- 7317465 TI - [Polaron mechanism of ion transport through membranes]. AB - A complex formed by an ion together with polar molecules of water concentrated around the ion inside the membrane is regarded as a polariton. The electric field strength inside the polariton has been calculated and used for estimating polariton free energy for different values of water concentration inside the membrane. The estimations indicate that the polariton mechanism of ionic transport is responsible for background conductivity of BLM. It is shown that free energy of the polariton is proportional of Z3/2, Z being the charge of the ion. In the case of "bold" ion this dependence is characterized by factor Z2. It is suggested that the through pores are formed in the process of an electrical breakdown of BLM also via polariton mechanism of ionic transport. PMID- 7317466 TI - [Remote non-chemical interactions between cells in culture]. PMID- 7317468 TI - [Strict process of stimulation of auto-oscillations in a model of the Volterra type]. PMID- 7317467 TI - [Mechano-metabolic coupling in the myocardium in response to electric stimulation]. AB - Fluorescent and mechanical responses to a series of electrical impulses of papillary muscle bands of the rabbit right ventricle during glucose oxidation were investigated. The kinetics of fluorescent responses consists of two phases: the primary one--the fall, and secondary one--the rise of NADN fluorescence up to the initial level and higher (overshoot). The fluorescence change in the first phase and overshoot value increase in response to an increased mechanical load, as well as to an increased concentration of extracellular Ca++ or adrenaline injection. No fluorescent response is observed after cyanide injection. Monoiodacetate eliminates overshoot initiation. Prolonged stimulation under large mechanical loads is accompanied by the stationary level of fluorescence above the initial one. This effect is interpreted on the basis of mathematical models [1, 2], as a result of pyruvate level control of the rate of NADN production by the Krebs cycle. PMID- 7317469 TI - [Model of perception of moving and stationary objects]. PMID- 7317470 TI - [Analysis of the work of the retina in isolating a contour signal]. PMID- 7317471 TI - [Depth contours of the electrocorticogram]. AB - Distribution of extracellular fields generated by partly synchronized activity of cells was studied. The cells were located in the basic generator layers of the cortex, i.e. the first, fifth and sixth ones. An increased intercellular correlation among the neighbouring neurons was taken into account. The neurons were located within vertical columns. The curves were obtained for depth distributions of standard deviation of ECoG and correlation coefficient between the depth and surface ECoG. The activity of the upper generator layer was shown to affect the potential recorded only within the limits of this layer and directly under it. The fields generated by subcortical structures essentially affect the potentials of the sixth layer and of the white substance. Conditions are studied which determine the initiation or absence of phase inversion of the depth integrated potential in relation to the surface one. PMID- 7317472 TI - [Rate of spike propagation in widening and narrowing fibers]. PMID- 7317473 TI - [Description of neuron ensembles in terms of the theory of fuzzy sets]. PMID- 7317474 TI - [Effect of a constant magnetic field on the electrophysiologic parameters of identified neurons in the edible snail]. AB - Effect of constant magnetic field with the induction of 23 mT (non-homogeneity in the object region not higher than 0.5 mT) on the frequency of spontaneous impulse activity, resting potential and input resistance of neurons was studied. Results of studies of 7 silent and 16 spontaneously active neurons were presented as statistically processed data on silent giant neurons of the right pleural ganglion and giant spontaneously active neuron N5 of the right parietal ganglion. A reliable decrease of the frequency of spontaneous impulse activity and an increase of membrane resistance of spontaneously active neuron at magnetic field superposition were shown. PMID- 7317475 TI - [Kinetics of the transmembrane transport of ions adsorbing onto the surface of biomembranes]. PMID- 7317476 TI - [Protein component of nitrosyl complexes of non-heme iron in animal tissues]. PMID- 7317477 TI - [Increase in the phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of chlorophyll in barley leaves after selective suppression of carotene biosynthesis]. AB - The action of inhibitors of carotenoid biosynthesis--herbicides SAN 9789 and SAN 6706 on the pigment composition and chlorophyll low temperature (-196 degrees) delayed luminescence (delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence) has been studied in the barley leaves. The herbicides were introduced into etiolated leaves before greening. It is shown that in the mature leaves which were developed in the presence of herbicides biosynthesis of alpha, beta and gamma carotenes is selectively blocked while the concentration of xanthophylls and chlorophylls is not essentially changed. The lack of carotenes is accompanied by an increase of the quantum yields of chlorophyll phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence by the factors of 10 and 6 respectively. The data suggest that carotenes and xanthophylls take an approximately equal part in quenching the chlorophyll triplet states in normal chloroplasts. PMID- 7317478 TI - [Relation between plant leaf fluorescence and temperature]. PMID- 7317479 TI - [Simple means of computed evaluation of human EEG potentials]. AB - The proposed method is based on imitation of the integuments of man's brain by unreally thick, approximately 4 cm, layer of electrolyte. That enables us to use simple solutions of a model of the homogenous isolated sphere, describing EEG of man, if the radius of the isolating shell is rg = 12 cm and dipoles are not higher than rd = 8 cm. This approach enables us to calculate the EEG-potentials of man by means of an ordinary calculator. For instance EEG of radical cortical dipole can be calculated by the formula (3) obtained in this paper. PMID- 7317480 TI - [Theory of DNA compactization in a polymer solution]. AB - A theory of DNA compactization is suggested. It is based on the concept about compact DNA globule as a polymeric one. The polymeric solution is considered as a strongly fluctuating system, and the double helical DNA as a rigid unifilar homopolymer. The globule is shown to appear in a diluted polymeric solution. The character of relative phase transition is analysed. With an increase of polymeric solution concentration the size of the DNA globule should decrease and the optic activity increase. Conditions are indicated under which the decompactization of DNA takes place at high concentrations of polymeric solution. This event is accompanied by an abrupt increase of DNA size and a decrease of optical activity. PMID- 7317481 TI - [ATPase activity of myosin and its intermediate states recorded by a dual frequency fluorescence technic]. PMID- 7317482 TI - [Effect of stretching muscle fibers on the conformation of F-actin]. AB - By means of polarized UV fluorescent microscopy the conformational changes of F actin of "ghost" glycerinated muscle fibers during the stretching 30 per cent of the resting length was found. It was observed that F-actin of the stretched fibre responds by more marked changes in their structure to ATP, glutaraldehyde and glycerin as compared to F-actin of the unstretched fibre. It was assumed that the fibre stretching changes the spatial characteristics of actin helix and increases the rigidity of thin filaments. The changes of F-actin conformation seems to play an important role in the regulation of tension level which is developed by each cross-bridge. PMID- 7317483 TI - [Modified kinetic model of muscle contraction]. PMID- 7317484 TI - [Estimation of the distance between sulfhydryl groups S1 and specific binding centers for divalent metal ions in myosin]. AB - Interlocation of sulfhydryl groups S1 and corresponding divalent ions binding sites in myosin has been studied. S1-SH groups were labelled with iodacetamide spin labels and their saturation curves were measured in the presence of Ca2+ and Mn2+. The spin-lattice relaxation rates 1/T1 of labels were calculated from saturation curves and according to their changes caused by replacing Ca2+ by Mn2+ the distance between sulfhydryl groups S1 and divalent ions binding sites were estimated to be 45 +/- 2.5 A. The addition of ATP to this system has not changed the character of interaction. An analysis of saturation curves measured within temperature range 20-100 K suggests that two myosin subfragments J differ in conformation at least in the range where S1-SH groups are located. PMID- 7317486 TI - [Anomalous surface conductivity of phospholipid membranes]. AB - Surface conductivity (SC) of the double layer at the phospholipid liposome surface has been examined with quasi-elastic light scattering technique combined with pulse electrophoresis. 23Na NMR was used to study the interaction between sodium ions and liposomes. The migration of bound ions along the surface was shown to produce the main contribution to SC. The constants of binding the sodium ion to phospholipid heads were found to be 6 M-1 for phosphatidylserine and 80 M 1 for phosphatidyl acid. The exchange rate of ions bound to the lipid was estimated at 10(10) s-1. PMID- 7317487 TI - [Influence of the cell organelle volume on the kinetics of transmembrane transport]. AB - Conditions are considered under which the volume of an organelle rapidly achieves a quasi-equilibrium value depending on the osmotic pressure in solution. The influence of rapid changes in the volume on the transmembrane ion transport was analysed. With account for these changes the apparent kinetic parameters Kmb and Vmb were shown to differ considerably from the true Km and Vm. In the presence of the active ion transport from an organelle into the medium the rate of release increases autocatalitically with the concentration of a permeating ion in the medium. PMID- 7317485 TI - [Role of protonophore activity of oxalacetic acid in inducing Ca2+ yield from mitochondria]. AB - It has been found earlier in Lehninger's Laboratory [24] that oxidation of endogenous PN mitochondria induced by oxalacetic acid (OAA) brings about the release of accumulated Ca2+. Analysis of possible mechanism of this phenomenon has shown that OAA has protonophore activity on mitochondria and BPM unlike the malate--the product of enzymic reduction of OAA in the presence of NAD . H. OAA induced permeability of BPM and mitochondria membranes for H+ is observed at pH 7.5-8.0 and is insignificant at pH 7.0 and lower. Possible function of OAA as a soft uncoupler-protonophore controlled by metabolism is discussed, in particular- in connection with Ca2+ transport in mitochondria. PMID- 7317488 TI - [Role of intermembrane electrical fields in electron and proton transport along the respiratory chain of mitochondria]. AB - Charged particles (electrons and protons) transport in the respiratory chain of mitochondria in the process of oxidative phosphorylation is considered. It is shown that no kinetic difficulties appear in such transport (including proton transport against the mean field of the membrane) because the free energy of redox processes with participation of cytochrome may be used for charge separation and formation of protons in the region of internal fields. These fields arise from separation of charges in heme and depend on the orientation of the heme plane in respect to the membrane surface, and they cause the initial stages of proton transport in the direction necessary for oxidative phosphorylation. It is also shown that conformation changes of the albumin chains which accompany reduction and oxidation of cytochromes determine the transport of charges along the respiratory chain. PMID- 7317489 TI - [Debye-Waller factor of Rayleigh scattering of Mossbauer radiation at substances with strong conformation motions]. AB - A model was developed to describe conformational motion of macromolecules. A new formula was derived for the Debye-Waller factor in accordance with this model. The model proposes the existence of fluidlike motions of fragments within the volume of some A3. The temperature dependence of Rayliegh scattering of Mossbauer radiation was studied and calculated for chromatophores. PMID- 7317490 TI - [Contractile phenomena in a model nonmuscle system]. AB - ATP--dependent contraction has been observed in cortices isolated from the dividing eggs of the pond snail and treated with fragments of the skeletal muscle myosin. The motive force of cytokinesis can be tentatively attributed to the enclosed cortical cytoskeleton which contains actinlike microfilaments organized in locally ordered clusters. PMID- 7317491 TI - [Model studies of the effect of structural changes in cleaving embryo on electrical parameters of cellular interactions]. AB - Two models of the embryo developing from one initial cell by cleavage division are considered. Equivalent electrical schemes were constructed, changes in electrical coupling coefficient (Kec) and input resistance (ri) of the embryos during cleavage were estimated. Considerable influence of cleavage-related changes of membrane parameters on Kec and ri appears at the first five--ten cleavages and essentially depends on the ratio of contact and incontact membrane resistances. A comparison of the estimated curves of Kec and ri with experimental ones (loach and axolotl embryos) has shown that the model curves with the ratio rm/rc equalling 100 and 1000 are very close to the real ones. PMID- 7317492 TI - [Sharp increase in refractory period induced by oxidation suppression in Fitz Hugh-Nagumo model. New mechanism of antiarrhythmic drug action]. AB - A change in fast inward and slow outward currents and their time constants was simulated in Fitz Hugh-Nagumo model. A decrease in fast inward current was shown to increase the refractory period. The same result was observed when the slow current was increased or its time constant was decreased. These results were used to explain the antiarrhythmic drug action. The antiarrhythmic effect of drugs blocking fast inward current should be stronger in the depressed myocardial tissue than in the normal one. PMID- 7317493 TI - [Increase of heterogeneities at the interface of decrement conduction in Hodgkin Huxley model]. AB - Spatial heterogeneity was simulated by a 2-fold increase in either of gNa, gK, g1 in the central part of the fibre. The interval-dependent conduction block was not observed in the cable with normal gNa, while the uniform decrease in gNa along the fibre resulted were the block appearance. Difference in the refractory period of these parts of the fibre were the higher, the lower was gNa. The mechanism of this phenomenon was investigated. The results obtained can be used for understanding the mechanism of post infarction arrhythmias. PMID- 7317494 TI - [Investigation of anomalous growth of heart refractoriness during tachycardia]. AB - Action potential (AP) characteristics during anomalous growth of refractoriness (R) in rabbit atrium were investigated. Anomalous growth of R arises under the stimulation frequency more than 4-5 s-1. Anomalous R growth is accompanied by AP duration, amplitude and upstroke velocity decrease. These results are in a good agreement with the theoretical model (Pertsov et al., 1981), showing that anomalous R growth can be caused by a decrease of safety factor in propagation of the excitation wave. PMID- 7317495 TI - [Bioacoustic characteristics of echolocation system of the long-eared European bat Barbastella barbastella]. AB - Experimental data on the echolocation system parameters of Barbastella barbastella are reported. They include the parameters of orientation pulses, auditory frequency-threshold curves and characteristics of reception directionality of the external ear. It is demonstrated that the hearing system of this bat species has two hypersensitivity regions, which are tuned to the frequency components of the location call. Spatial diagrams of reception directionality have a complicated frequency-dependent configuration. Using the data obtained the authors consider possible mechanism of target direction finding. PMID- 7317496 TI - [Activation mechanism of molecular oxygen with cytochrome P-450]. PMID- 7317497 TI - [Influence of superoxide dismutase on photo- and x-ray chemoluminescence of serum albumin and glycyltryptophan solutions]. AB - Enzyme superoxide dismutase is shown to decrease photo- and X-ray chemoluminescence when added both before and after irradiation. The relationship was established between chemoluminescence yield and the enzyme concentration. Chemoluminescence is supposed to be initiated by the reaction of free radicals of the peptide (protein) with superoxide anion-radicals: O2-. PMID- 7317499 TI - [Localization of Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester in chloroplast submembrane particles of barley]. AB - It is shown that Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester as well as immediate chlorophyll precursors are localized in chloroplast submembrane particles, some of them being especially enriched. A conclusion is made that the centers of chlorophyll biosynthesis coupled with chloroplast submembrane particles perform a wide range of biosynthetic reactions beginning at least with Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester transformation. PMID- 7317498 TI - [UV-induced lipid peroxidation in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells]. PMID- 7317500 TI - [Magnetic susceptibility of single human erythrocytes]. AB - Velocity of movement of a large number of erythrocytes containing different forms of hemoglobin in a homogeneous magnetic field was measured. Distributions of the erythrocytes according to their movement velocity were obtained. Values of magnetic susceptibility were found. For the majority of oxigenized erythrocytes they are -0.75 x 10(-6), for desoxigenized ones -0,46 x 10(-6), for those containing 97% methemoglobin -0,54 x 10(-6). The method of obtaining erithrocytes distribution by their movement velocities in a nonhomogeneous magnetic field is proposed for diagnostical application. PMID- 7317502 TI - [Secondary structure of polypeptide hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland]. AB - The specificity of the secondary structure of a number of polypeptide hormones of the pituitary gland anterior lobe and their fragments were studied by circular dichroism method in the peptide bond absorption region and infrared spectroscopy. The state of objects had been examined in solvents of different polarity in a wide temperature range. The polypeptide chain of a greater part of hormones in aqueous solution is shown to represent a left-handed helix of the poly-L-proline II type. The reversible melting process of the left-handed conformation when heated in aqueous solution appears to be non-cooperative: delta epsilon is linearly dependent on temperature. Upon temperature lowering the left-handed structure is stabilized, its defects decrease. The mode of transition from the left-handed form to the alpha- and the beta-forms in organic solvents was followed. Contributions of peptide chromophores and those of aromatic amino acid side group chromophores with circular dichroism bands in regions under study were differentiated upon analysis of circular dichroism spectra. The data obtained allow to correlate conformation of separate fragments in the hormone chain with functional activity. PMID- 7317501 TI - [Spiral waves in heart (theoretical analysis)]. AB - Sensitivity of two kinds of spiral wave sources of excitation of fast inward current (INa) inhibition was compared. These spiral wave sources were: circulation in a ring around an obstacle--re-entry and circulation in tissue without an obstacle--reverbarator (leading circle). It was shown that moderate inhibition of INa ceased the circulation of the reverbarator but was ineffective against the circulation in the ring. It is known that auricular flutter and fibrillation are based on wave circulation in the ring. So a conclusion was made that all antiarrhythmic drugs inhibiting mainly the sodium current should be ineffective against auricular flutter and fibrillation. PMID- 7317504 TI - [FLuorescence of photoactive bacteriorhodopsin]. AB - Fluorescence characteristics of all-trans-bacteriorhodopsin (BR570), 13-cis-BR (BR560), and the intermediate of the BR cycle (P585) are obtained by measuring variable fluorescence in the course of their phototransformations. The fluorescence spectra (lambda greater than 580 nm) have a maximum at 720, 730 and 740 nm, their respective excitation spectra with a maximum of 578, 565 and 585 nm coincide with the absorption spectra of the three states. The emission quantum yield for P585 is approximately 10(-4) at -62 degrees C and 4 +/- 2 10(-4) for BR560 at -196 degrees C. The effect of sharp increase of BR570 fluorescence quantum yield (from less than or equal to 10(-4) to approximately 10(-3)) under action of light at -196 degrees C (photoactivation or induction of emission) is found which points to the existence of photoprocess parallel to the photoconversion of BR570 into P600 (formula: see text). The emission of BR560 is not photoactivated. The photoactivated state BR570 is not identical with pseudo BR of Gillbro et al., (1977) which has a maximum in the excitation spectrum at 597 nm. The greater part of the red fluorescence of the membrane belongs to the minor nonphotoactive forms of BR (B578, B630) with relatively high fluorescence yield (greater than or equal to 10(-2) at -196 degrees C). The fluorescence characteristics of BR are discussed in the framework of a scheme in which the existence of an intermediate excited level common for the emission and photoconversion and a ground level common for the initial state and photoproduct is suggested. PMID- 7317505 TI - [Transformation of enzyme graphs having the form of a multidimensional parallelepiped]. AB - The graph of an enzymic reaction having the form of a multidimensional parallelepiped with equal opposite sides may be substituted, as shown, by consideration of n separate unidimensional subgraphs, which simplifies significantly the procedure of derivation of steady-state relations. The applications of this method to derivation of steady-state rate equation for a two substrate reaction with random addition mechanism and to generalization of the Monod et al. model for multisubstrate reactions have been considered. PMID- 7317503 TI - [Oxidation of NADH by singlet oxygen generated by triplet flavin]. AB - Mechanisms of NADH oxidation in the presence of flavines in the light under aerobic and anaerobic conditions has been studied by spectrophotometry method and by registering the kinetics of changes in pH, luminescence and oxygen content in solution. It is shown that singlet oxygen O2* generated by triplet flavine may be an agent that immediately oxidizes NADH under aerobic conditions. The rate constant of the reaction of O2* with NADH accounts for about 1.9 . 10(9) M-1 s-1 and maximum quantum yield of NADH photooxidation in the presence of flavine mononucleotide is 0.7. During aerobic oxidation of NADH the flavine molecules function as photosensitizers rather than as carriers of reduced equivalents. PMID- 7317506 TI - [Are nitrogen bases of DNA hydrated at low humidity?]. AB - The infrared spectra (1450-1800 cm-1) of DNA films derived at different relative humidity are presented. An analysis of the observed frequency and intensity changes of infrared bonds assigning to the intra- and interring vibrations indicates that the nitrogen bases of DNA become hydrated at low (0-64%) relative humidities. PMID- 7317507 TI - [Action of new class of substituted salicylanilides on ion conductivity of lipid membranes]. AB - A new class of high-activity substituted salicylanilides has been studied in bilayer lipid membranes (BLM). Very low concentrations of these substances are shown to increase the BLM d. c. electroconductivity. Approximately Nernts value of transmembrane potential was measured when ten-fold pH gradient was produced. The experiments favour the opinion that these substituted salicylanilides act as protonophores. The obtained data suggest that DMSO facilitates its transport through the lipid bilayer. Furthermore, two different mechanisms are shown to take place in the H+ transport, when DMSO or water has been used as a solvent for these substances. The results suggest that other processes which are investigated now are involved. PMID- 7317509 TI - Effect of triterpene glycosides of marine invertebrates on permeability of biological and artificial membranes. AB - The influence of the triterpene glycosides holothurin and cucumariaside from Holothuria grissi and Cucumaria japonica, respectively, on the parameters of the active transport of calcium ions by vesicles of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and on the permeability of liposomes formed from the total fraction of egg phospholipids was investigated. It was found that at low concentrations these substances decrease the Ca-ATPase activity without noticeably increasing the permeability of the membranes, whereas at high concentrations they cause a sharp increase in the permeability of the membranes of Ca2+ ions. PMID- 7317508 TI - Influence of near ultraviolet light on microorganisms. AB - Our results and the recent literature data on the biological action of near ultraviolet light (300-380 nm) are examined in the review. Factual material is presented on the principles governing the manifestation of the following effects of near ultraviolet light in microorganisms: inactivation, delayed growth, photoreactivation, photoprotection, photoinduced sporulation (in fungi), and carotene synthesis. The mature and possible mechanisms of the effects examined are discussed. PMID- 7317510 TI - Modes and classes of modes of action of physiologically active substances of receptor type under conditions of screening. AB - Questions of the identification of the type of pharmacological activity of physiologically active substances (PAS) with a receptor type of action under conditions of screening are examined. IN accordance with current concepts of the theory of the recognition of modes, the type of action of PAS was identified by establishing a set of criteria ("vectors of modes") characteristic of the effect of known substances and by selecting methods of comparing them with the vectors of the modes of the compounds being tested. Test parameters recorded by the the functional multiparametric method permitting identification of the type of the effects and an evaluation of their quantitative manifestations with the framework of a single experimental approach were used as the unknown set of criteria. The method of describing the relative change in the parameters from the dose as the vectors of action was used and the function of proximity (similarity). PMID- 7317511 TI - Magnetic heterogeneity of biological systems. AB - In biological systems nonuniformity of magnetic susceptibility, magnetic heterogeneity, is a reflection of their physical-chemical and morphological heterogeneity, A characteristic value of heterogeneity is delta K approximately 10(-6)-10(-7) CGS units, a quantitative measurement of susceptibility of cells and other small objects, may give qualitatively new information about their life processes. Patterns and features of movement of small biological objects and liquids affected by magnetic forces were studied. A method was developed for measuring magnetic susceptibility of single microobjects based on observation of movement of the objects in a strong heterogeneous field with parameters (formula: see text) grad H2/2 approximately 10(9)-10(10) Oe2/cm. This method does not require knowing the distribution of the field along the path of movement of the particles, and does not require preliminary calibration. Movement of human erythrocytes, rat hepatocytes, and starch granules in liquids at a point of entry into a gap with the field was observed experimentally. With sufficiently large fields Ho approximately (1-2) x 10(4) Oe, the value of the magnetic force was enough to change the rate of sedimentation movement of the objects appreciably (up to stopping it). This made it possible to compute the value delta K for cells approximately 10(-7)-10(-8) CGS units and to obtain the value of K for starch granules (-0.80 x 10(-6) cGS units). In connection with the fact that sensitivity to gravity in plants is coupled with a disturbance of the intracellular starch granules under the influence of gravity, certain problems of stimulating the effect of gravity on plants by magnetic forces were studied. Noncontact force effect on magnetically heterogeneous biological objects is a promising instrument for biophysical studies. PMID- 7317512 TI - Innervation of eccrine sweat glands. AB - In recent years it has been shown on the example of primate skin that in addition to abundant cholinergic innervation, the eccrine glands are also supplied by adrenergic fibers, containing catecholamines. The presence of an adrenergic component of the innervation is demonstrated on the plantar eccrine sweat glands of a number of rodents and the cat by the detection of monoamine oxidase in it. The myelin nerve trunks, the short unmyelinated varicose terminals in direct contact with the secretory cells, as well as the mitochondria of cells of the eccrine sweat glands are rich in monoamine oxidase. Specific and nonspecific cholinesterases are localized in the dense network of nerves in lacing the secretory portions of the glands; individual fibers accompany the excretory ducts. The acetylcholinesterase concentration is lower than the concentration of nonspecific cholinesterase. In rats with chemical sympathectomy, induced by four week administration of 25 mg/kg guanethidine from the first day of birth, in which 99% of the neurons in the stellate ganglia die, the monoamine oxidase concentration in the myelin nerves and in the mitochondria of the secretory cells drops very sharply, and acetylcholinesterase disappears from the nerves surrounding the glands. PMID- 7317513 TI - Excretion of water and electrolytes by the kidneys in chronic irritation of the peripheral nerves. AB - It was established that chronic irritation of the peripheral nerves as a result of cutting of the sciatic nerve and introduction of formalin into the central segment is accompanied by prolonged oliguria (for many months), hyponatriuresis, a change in te excretion of chlorine, calcium, and urea with the urine, as well as an intensification of the excretion of potassium and phosphates by the kidneys. It was shown that the decrease in the excretion of water, sodium, chlorine, and calcium by the kidneys in the presence of a neurodystrophic process is associated chiefly with a sharp inhibition of filtration of the primary urine in the glomeruli and partially with an intensification of their reabsorption. Hyperkaliuresis and hyperphosphaturia were due to activation of the secretory process in the kidney tubules, while the decrease in the excretion of urea was a consequence of a decrease in the filtration load of this substance and a decrease in the diffusion and secretory processes. Thus, chronic irritation of the sciatic nerve leads to a change in the functional activity of all parts of the nephron. It is important that different parts of the nephron react differently, both in degree and in nature, and this is fraught with serious consequences for the normal maintenance of an adequate response of the kidneys to a change in the water and electrolyte metabolism. PMID- 7317514 TI - Remote consequences of the action of ionizing radiation on the endocrine system in female rats. AB - In a experiment on female rats lasting two years, the influence of total gamma radiation if a dose of 100 rad on the state of the neuroendocrine system was studied. Penetrating radiation causes a disturbance of the hormonal balance and of the sexual cycle, and, as a consequence, the development of tumors of the incretory glands and target organs. PMID- 7317515 TI - Effects of metenkephalin on the formation and fixation of defensive temporal associations and on the incorporation of C14-leucine in brain proteins of the rat. AB - When 25 microgram of metenkephalin is injected subcutaneously into rats, the development of temporal associations is somewhat impaired, but the fixation of them is enhanced. The latter effect is observed more clearly when metenkephalin is injected not before, but immediately after the development of conditioned reflexes. Under the influence of metenkephalin, there is an increase in the incorporation of C14-leucine into the insoluble proteins of the hippocampus and basal ganglia. It is hypothesized that metenkephalin mainly affects the process of consolidation. PMID- 7317516 TI - Respiration during wound regeneration and healing in the planarian worm Dendrocoelum lacteum. AB - The intensity of respiration of the body fragments of the planarian after its division anteriorly and posteriorly to the pharynx was studied. After division anteriorly to the pharynx regeneration takes place. During regeneration of the anterior fragment respiration increases in the first day after the operation and at the differentiation stage. During regeneration of the posterior fragments the oxygen consumption is unchanged. Healing of the wound after division of the planarian posteriorly to the pharynx is accompanied by intensification of respiration during the first two days after the operation. Comparison of regeneration and healing of the wound in fragments of equal weight shows that in the initial stages the intensity of respiration was the same. A significant difference is found at the stage of differentiation of the regenerating worm, when the regenerating fragments have a higher intensity of respiration than fragments unable to regenerate. PMID- 7317517 TI - On modelling the variability of interspike intervals during epileptic unit activity. AB - In spite of the fact that the participation of well defined ionic particles in generating convulsive unit discharges is established, there is a gap between the data on ionic movements and on first-order statistics of firing patterns. Our aim was to tight this gap by studying the effectiveness of functionally separated electrical conductances of membrane during the generation of consecutive interspike interval histograms (IIHs) of unitary discharges. On account of the non-stationarity of the process curve fitting analysis which based on the simple modifications of the integrate-and-fire model has been implemented in the sequential interspike interval histogram procedure (SIIH). The experimental data were recorded from cat cortex treated with 3-Aminopyridine (3-Ap) by glass microelectrodes during nembutal anesthesia. Assuming the normal distribution of input parameters it is concluded, that the efficiency of the fluctuations of the active spike-generating conductance gg and the passive diffusional conductance gl may increase during the generation of the unimodal IIHs and the first mode of the bimodal IIHs. The simple conductance coupling gl=gg + b may participate in gg activation, moreover, the reciprocally coupled mechanism gg=c/gl may be driven by gl activation (a, b, c are the coupling constants). A temporal separation of processes governed by gg or gl respectively was observed. The time-independent occurrences of the reciprocally coupled conductance processes may be involved in the unit activities represented by the prolonged IIHs and second modes of the bimodal IIHs. PMID- 7317518 TI - Spatio-temporal cross-correlation analysis of catfish retinal neurons. AB - 1. The receptive field properties of visual neurons in the retina of the catfish are studied by a white noise spatio-temporal stimulus. The spatial and temporal inputs of the stimulus are independent and lead to complete linear characterizations and local nonlinear characterizations of the neural response. 2. Horizontal cells, bipolar cells, and sustained or Type N amacrine cells all yield spatially coherent linear correlations. The horizontal cells have the shortest latency by these methods and exhibit a late depolarizing component that is wider in spatial extent than the initial hyperpolarizing component. Depolarizing Type N neurons have center-hyperpolarizing local nonlinearity. 3. Transient or Type C amacrine cells do not correlate well with the intensity of the stimulus, even though the Fast variety responds vigorously to the stimulus. 4. Ganglion cells are classified into Excitatory, Inhibitory and biphasic classes based upon their linear correlations. Some ganglions exhibit responses dependent upon the orientation of stimulus. Although linear correlation of the Excitatory class is similar to that of the depolarizing Type N cell, the locally nonlinear character of these cell types is distinct. The receptive field of the inhibitory ganglion cells has strong locally excitatory nonlinearity. PMID- 7317519 TI - A posteriori time-varying filtering of averaged evoked potentials. I. Introduction and conceptual basis. AB - This paper forms a preface and introduction to a new method for the estimation of evoked potentials: a posteriori time-varying filtering. A simple evoked potential model, consisting of a transient signal and additive noise, is discussed and the underlying assumptions explicitly formulated. Assuming this model, the problem of estimating the signal from an ensemble is considered from the statistical and communication engineering point of view, along with a brief survey of he pertinent literature. It is explained why ensemble averaging, in general, does not provide the best estimate in the mean-square error sense. After a summary of the controversial aspects of time-invariant "a posteriori "Wiener' filtering", it is indicated how that method can be generalized to a time-varying counterpart, which is able to handle the essentially transient character of evoked potential waveforms. Finally, the new method is presented on a conceptual level and its application illustrated by examples. PMID- 7317520 TI - A posteriori time-varying filtering of averaged evoked potentials. II. Mathematical and computational aspects. AB - The problem of estimating an unknown transient signal, given an ensemble of waveforms, in which this signal appears as a nonrandom component in the presence of additive noise is considered. This problem is solved by generalizing the method of "a posteriori 'Wiener' filtering". In the new method, the ensemble average is filtered by a time-varying system which is based on estimated time varying power spectra of signal and noise. The nature of this system, and the computational procedures involved, are discussed in detail. A software package for time-varying filtering is briefly described. Application of the method is illustrated by a simulation example, which also provides a comparison to time invariant a posteriori "Wiener" filtering. PMID- 7317521 TI - Latency distributions in homogeneous bundles of myelinated axons. PMID- 7317522 TI - [Lag period as affected by the adrenal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex containing residual endogenous thiamine pyrophosphate]. AB - The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine adrenals does not completely lose thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in the course of purification. The preparations contain firmly bound residual TPP in the amount providing for one third of the maximal activity of the complex. A lag period (tau) is observed during catalysis by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex with the residual TPP in the absence of exogenous coenzyme. The duration of the lag period depends on concentration of the complex: tau is decreased as the concentration increases. The decrease of the lag period occurs after preincubation of the complex with pyruvate, but it is the most remarkable after preincubation with pyruvate and CoA. The tetrahydrothiamine pyrophosphate at low concentrations completely inhibits the activity. However, the residual TPP is retained as is evidenced by the recovery of the complex activity after gel-filtration through Sephadex G-25. The development of the lag period may be interpreted in terms of partial limited dissociation of the residual TPP in the region of the catalytic center. PMID- 7317523 TI - [Activation of the external pathway of NADH oxidation in mitochondria at decreased pH]. AB - The rates of external and internal pathways of NADH oxidation in mitochondria of liver and skeletal muscle and skeletal muscle homogenate were studied at decreased pH and increased concentrations of Pi and CaCl2. The results obtained are indicative of an existence of an external pathway of NADH oxidation, which is insensitive to antimycin A and rotenone in skeletal muscle mitochondria. In the mitochondria of liver and skeletal muscle NADPH does not replace NADH in the external pathway; the NADH oxidation is sensitive to mersalyl and KCN. The decrease of pH of the incubation medium from 7.5 to 6.5 or the increase in Pi concentration up to 8-10 mM activates the external pathway and inhibits the internal pathway in liver mitochondria; the same effect is observed after addition of 10 microM CaCl2, pH 7.2. The external pathway of NADH oxidation in liver mitochondria is sensitive to the inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (nupercaine, EGTA) and the inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (ionole). PMID- 7317524 TI - [Purification and properties of rat liver transketolase]. AB - Transketolase was isolated from wet tissue of rat liver and purified by ammonium sulfate and CM-cellulose fractionation and by adsorption chromatography on hydroxylapatite. The native enzyme is made up of two subunits with molecular weight of 70 000, is electrophoretically homogeneous and has a specific activity of 2.8 u. per mg of protein (30 degrees). The enzymatic and fluorimetric assays revealed the presence of two moles of thiamine diphosphate per mole of protein. The Arrhenius plots for the rate of the transketolase reaction with a pentose phosphate mixture as substrate are continuous at 10-32 degrees; the activation energy is 89.9 cJ/mole, temperature index is 3.3. The curve for the reaction rate versus substrate concentration is S-shaped; the apparent Km value for xylulose 5 phosphate is 2.2 x 10(-5) M. The ions with a tetraedric structure (arsenate, phosphate, sulfate) act as competitive inhibitors of the transketolase-catalyzed reaction. PMID- 7317525 TI - [Role of tryptophan in the enzymatic activity of histidine decarboxylase from Micrococcus sp. n]. AB - The effect of N-bromosuccinimide (BSI) on micrococcal histidine decarboxylase in 0.07 M phosphate buffer, pH 5.6 was studied. Data from spectral and amino acid analyses suggest that at 20-fold molar excess of BSI three of 12 tryptophane residues undergo selective modification, resulting in 80-85% loss of the enzyme activity. Using fluorescent method and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it was shown that modification of these reactive tryptophane residues does not cause structural changes of the enzyme. Presumably tryptophane residue responsible for enzymatic activity are either located in the enzyme active site of close to it. At 40-50-fold molar excess of BSI 6 to 9 tryptophane and 2 to 3 cysteine residues are subjected to modification; the other 3 tryptophane residues are unaffected by BSI. These are probably located deep inside the histidine decarboxylase molecule. The maximum of the protein fluorescent spectrum during modification of the 40-50 fold molar excess of BSI is shifted towards higher wavelength values, thus suggesting conformational changes of the enzyme. It can be therefore assumed that the enzyme molecule contains at least 2 groups of structurally and catalytically essential tryptophane residues which significantly differ in reactivity. Some diazonium salts were shown to inhibit micrococcal histidine decarboxylase. The kinetics of the inhibiting effect of these compounds were investigated. PMID- 7317526 TI - [Evidence for the presence of glucocorticoid receptors in heart contractile cells]. AB - Using 3H-labelled glucocorticoids, the receptor activity of heart and liver cytosol preparations from various animal classes and species, the distribution of receptors in the myocardium from different divisions of rat heart and the number of glucocorticoid receptors in the myocyte preparations isolated from adult rat hearts after treatment of cardiac tissue with hyaluronidase and collagenase have been studied. The specific binding of 3H-dexametasone to bovine fetal heart endothelial cells as well as to some other cell cultures was investigated. The data obtained suggest that the bulk of the total receptor activity of the heart is accounted for contractile cells of the myocardium. The number of specific sites of glucocorticoid binding by whole myocyte cells (per 1 mg of protein) or by "crude nuclear fraction" (per 1 mg of DNA) is comparable to that for some other cell types, which are believed to be hormone-sensitive. However, by the number of receptors per single cell myocytes surpass all the other cell types under study. PMID- 7317527 TI - [Neutral glycolipids of the calf thymus and normal and leukemic bovine lymphocytes]. AB - The composition and structure of the neutral glycolipids of calf thymus and of lymphocytes isolated from the blood, lymph, lymph nodes and spleen of normal and leukemic cows were investigated. The main neutral glycolipids of all lymphocytes studied were identified as glucosyl, lactosyl and digalactosylglucosylceramides. The relative amounts of these glycolipids were found to depend on lymphocyte localization. Leukemic lymphocytes showed differences in the glycolipid composition in comparison with normal lymphocytes: in all preparations the level of glucosylceramide increased with a concomitant decrease of the amounts of di and trihexaosylceramides. For leukemic blood lymphocytes the monohexaosyl /dihexaosylceramide ratio was found to increase at increasing lymphocyte concentrations in the blood. PMID- 7317528 TI - [Glucosephosphate isomerase polymorphism in the teleost fish loach Misgurnus fossilis]. AB - Using polyacrylamide gel disc-electrophoresis, the isoenzymic patterns of glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) in some tissues of adult loaches Misgurnus fossilis and in the unfertilized eggs, embryos and developing larvae of this species were determined. The sensitivity of the enzyme in the eggs and some tissues to inactivation at 45 degrees and to inhibition by high concentrations of fructose-6-phosphate was investigated. A comparison of the experimental data on the subunit composition of the bulk of the detected isoenzymes with literary data was carried out. A conclusion on the expression of four non-allelic glucose phosphate isomerase genes in the loach, i. e. two genes determining the structure of B-subunits and two genes determining the structure of B-subunits, was made. Besides, there were detected the alleles of both types of genes. PMID- 7317529 TI - [Formaldehyde-induced tight binding of protein to RNA in particles of rod-like viruses. Nature and specificity of the crosslinks]. AB - A stable RNA-protein complex was obtained by treatment of a helical TMV-like virus - cucumber virus 4 (CV4) with 1.5% formaldehyde at 50 degrees C and stability and specificity of the RNA-protein bonds in the complex was studied. After alkaline of T2-RNAase hydrolysis of the complex obtained from the [32P] labelled CV4, the RNA-protein crosslinks were identified by the presence of [32P] in the protein band during SDS electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The resistance of the crosslinks to boiling in 2% SDS with 0.2% mercaptoethanol, to 0.3 N KOH and to 10% trichloracetic acid is indicative of the covalent nature of the nucleotide-protein bonds in the CV complex. Data from tryptic peptide map analysis suggest that not more than three peptides within the complex contain the [32P] label. It is concluded that formaldehyde crosslinks to the intravirus RNA only at the specific site(s) of the CV protein molecule. PMID- 7317530 TI - [Anticoagulating activity and lytic action of the heparin-antithrombin III and antithrombin III-heparin-thrombin complexes on non-stabilized fibrin]. AB - The heparin-antithrombin III and antithrombin III-heparin-thrombin complexes were prepared by rapid mixing of the components at different weight ratios (1:1, 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, 1:7, 3:1 - heparin/antithrombin III), pH 7.0-7.2. The reaction mixture was incubated for 15 min at 37 degrees. The complexes were precipitated at pH 4.5 4.8. All the heparin-antithrombin III complexes possess high anticoagulating and lytic activities. The antithrombin III-heparin-thrombin complex prepared at the weight ratio of 1:1:6 has a high lytic activity. The antithrombin III-heparin thrombin complex prepared at the weight ratio of 1:1:1 reveals a high anticoagulating activity and a strong lytic action with respect to the non stabilized fibrin. PMID- 7317531 TI - [Quantitative determination of neurospecific protein S-100 in mouse brain cortical synaptosomes]. AB - Using monospecific antibodies against protein S-100 labelled with horseradish peroxidase (a-S-100-HP) or iodine (a-S-100-125I) two types of protein S-100 bound to the synaptosomal membrane were obtained. The first type accessible for a-S-100 HP (6.4% of total protein S-100 in the synaptosomes) and the second type accessible for a-S-100-125I (22.4%) differ in their location on the membrane surface. The total content of protein S-100 in the synaptosomes determined by solid phase radioimmune analysis is 284 +/- 0.84 ng per mg of total synaptosomal protein. Coprecipitation of the protein with the synaptosomal fraction is insignificant. After treatment of the synaptosomal membranes with 1% glutaric aldehyde or 4% paraformaldehyde, 20 and 50% of membrane-bound protein S-100 are found in the synaptosomal membrane, respectively. The immunohistochemical localization of protein S-100 in synaptosomes was established. PMID- 7317532 TI - [Effect of pyridazinone herbicides on the photosynthetic electron transport chain of chloroplasts and Chlorella]. AB - In order to establish the site of pyridazinone herbicides action on the photosynthetic electron transport chain, their effect on the photochemical activity of chloroplasts and Chlorella was studied. It was shown that these compounds similar to diuron inhibit the delta F of chloroplasts but enhance the delta F and cause the disappearance of slow transient processes in Chlorella and change the light-off time course of delta F both in Chlorella and in the chloroplasts. The inhibiting effect is observed at herbicide concentration of 5 x 10(-6) M and is maximal at 10(-4) M. However, in contrast to diuron the herbicides enhance the msec afterglow in Chlorella cells; besides, even at concentration as high as 10(-4) M they only partly block photosynthetic oxygen evolution and the light-induced change of pH. Pyridazinone herbicides retard the delay of light-off delta F at-196 degrees C more efficiently than diuron. It is suggested that the herbicides under study inhibit the photosynthetic electron transport chain, however less efficiently than diuron; the inhibiting effect is decreased in the following order: SAN 9785, SAN 6706, SAN 9789. The herbicides affect mainly the acceptor part of the photosystem 2, retarding the electron transport from the intermediary acceptor to plastoquinone. In addition these herbicides may also have other sites of action in the region of photosystem 2. PMID- 7317533 TI - [Effect of temperature and composition of frozen solutions on the rate of peroxidase oxidation of 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinol-1-dimethylphosphate]. AB - The horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 2.3-dimethyl-1.4-naphthoquinol 1-dimethylphosphate by hydrogen peroxide was investigated within the temperature range of +20 divided by -35 degrees. The increase in the concentration of the buffer solution accelerated the reaction in liquid solutions at 0 degrees and 20 degrees. The unusual shapes of the curves of temperature dependences of the reaction rate in frozen solutions of different composition can probably be due to temperature variations in some physico-chemical parameters of the system under study. PMID- 7317534 TI - [Dynamics of quaternary structure of creatine kinase purified from rabbit skeletal muscles]. AB - Using gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, the quaternary structure of muscle creatine kinase (isoenzyme MM) has been shown to depend on pH, protein concentration and ionic strength of solution. In solution the enzyme can exist not only as a dimer, but also as a monomer and tetramer with molecular weights of 40 000 and 160 000, respectively. High dilution of the protein solution and pH 6.0--5.0 provide for the monomer formation; the dimer can arise under various conditions, while the tetramer requires pH 9.0 and high protein concentration. The monomer differs from the dimer by a higher enzymatic activity, lability and needs thiol to maintain its catalytic activity. Dissociation of creatine kinase into more active subunits accounts for the increase in specific activity induced by protein dilution. It is assumed that dissociation can have physiological significance as one of the mechanisms of creatine kinase activation in muscles. PMID- 7317535 TI - [Purification and properties of ribonuclease from the eggs and embryos of the loach Misgurnus fossilis]. AB - Endo- and exoribonucleases from loach eggs and embryos were partially purified. Endoribonuclease from loach embryos has a pH optimum of 8.4, is thermostable, has a molecular weight of about 37 000, requires Ca2+ for its activity, rapidly splits poly-U and slowly splits poly-C and does not hydrolyze poly-A. Exoribonuclease has a pH optimum of 7.6 and is relatively thermostable; its activity is independent of Ca2+, it has a molecular weight of 12 000, preferentially hydrolyzes RNA of yeast and poly-U, rather slowly hydrolyzes poly C and does not split poly-A. The properties of the tested enzymes from loach embryos at early organogenesis do not differ from those of the enzymes from unfertilized eggs. PMID- 7317536 TI - [Limitations in the translation of influenza virus mRNAs in infected cells]. AB - The monolayer cultures of chicken embryonic cells were infected with influenza virus and 6 hrs after the infection the relative concentrations of viral mRNAs and the relative rates of virus-specific protein synthesis were determined. For this purpose the infected cells were incubated under conditions of continuous labelling of RNAs by the radioactive precursor; the mRNA fraction was obtained by hybridization of total RNA of infected cells with non-labelled RNA of viral particles and the individual mRNAs were fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of RNA duplexes. The proteins from infected cells were labelled by [14C] amino acids for a short time and the individual virus-specific proteins were separated electrophoretically. There was no correlation between the rates of virus-specific protein synthesis and the relative concentrations of corresponding mRNAs. This indicates the regulation of virus-specific protein synthesis at the post-translational level. PMID- 7317537 TI - [Effects of phospholipids on oxidative demethylation of dimethylcyclohexylamine by cumene hydroperoxide involving methemoglobin]. AB - The reaction of oxidative demethylation of N-dimethylcyclohexylamine by cumene hydroperoxide involving methemoglobin was studied. Data from differential spectroscopy and kinetic analysis revealed the formation of a methemoglobin--N dimethylcyclohexylamine--cumene hydroperoxide complex. The inhibiting analysis revealed the radical stages in the process of demethylation. An addition to the reaction mixture of phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol and lysophosphatidyl choline at a ratio of 50 divided by 500 molecules per 1 molecule of protein increased the rate of the reaction product accumulation 2--3-fold. Phosphatidyl choline and the ionic detergent sodium cholate did not practically affect the reaction rate under the given experimental conditions. The nature of the activating effect of some phospholipids on oxidative demethylation is discussed. PMID- 7317539 TI - [Physico-chemical, antigenic and enzymatic properties of protein S100]. PMID- 7317538 TI - [Amino acid and carbohydrate composition and structural features of rabbit high molecular weight kininogen]. PMID- 7317540 TI - [Clofibrate-induced changes in the content of a low molecular-weight polypeptide in rat liver cell cytoplasm]. AB - Data from Na-DS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggest that the relative amount of the polypeptide with molecular weight of 12,000 in the soluble fraction of rat liver cytosol is increased after treatment with the hypolipidemic agent clofibrate. The experimental results indicate that this polypeptide is identical to a fatty acid binding protein (Z-protein). PMID- 7317541 TI - [Gangliosides of mouse liver and ascites hepatoma 22a]. AB - The ganglioside composition of the ascite hepatoma 22a and that of mouse liver was compared. GM2 was shown to be the main ganglioside in both tissues; however, the gangliosides of the hepatoma differed from liver gangliosides by a higher amount of disialoganglioside GD1a and by contents of monosialoganglioside GM1 and disialoganglioside GD1b which are absent in normal mouse liver. Trisialogangliosides which are characteristic for normal liver cells were not detected in the hepatoma. The liver and hepatoma gangliosides differed also by the type of sialic acids. In the liver the individual ganglioside fractions belong to either the N-glycolyl- or the N-acetylneuraminyl series, whereas the ganglioside fractions of the hepatoma are characterized by simultaneous presence of both sialic acid types. PMID- 7317542 TI - [Dihydroxyacetone synthase from the methanol-utilizing yeast Candida boidinii]. AB - A procedure for purification of dihydroxyacetone synthase catalyzing the formation of dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from formaldehyde and xylulose 5-phosphate has been developed. Using ion-exchangers with increasing affinity for dihydroxyacetone synthase, a homogenous preparation of the enzyme with specific activity of 2 u./mg has been obtained. The enzyme is made up of 2 subunits with m. w. of 76,000, contains thiamine pyrophosphate, requires Mg2+ for its activity and differs from yeast transketolase by substrate specificity and some other properties. The role of dihydroxyacetone synthase in metabolism of methanol-utilizing yeasts is discussed. PMID- 7317544 TI - Different developmental patterns of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in chick tissues according to their role in cholesterogenesis. AB - The developmental pattern of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity was different in liver, intestine and brain of neonatal chicks. Hepatic reductase activity sharply increased between 5 and 9 days after hatching. This pattern agrees with changes in acetate incorporation into non-saponifiable lipids by liver slices. Both enzyme activity and acetate incorporation seem to be related to the hepatic uptake of cholesterol from the yolk sac during the first days after hatching and to the new synthesis of cholesterol commencing in the second week. Changes in intestinal reductase suggest that the enzyme was less sensitive to the cholesterol in yolk sac. Brain reductase did not change within the age assayed (1-15 days), being independent from the levels of yolk sac or serum cholesterol during the later steps of myelination. PMID- 7317543 TI - Control of urea synthesis in fetal rat liver slices. AB - Urea synthesis in fetal rats was studied using a liver slice system with ammonium chloride as nitrogen source. In term fetuses, the rate of urea formation increases with ammonium chloride concentration up to 100 microM and is enhanced by the addition of ornithine. The developmental pattern for urea synthesis is very similar to that found in the enzyme activity studies: urea production increases slightly during fetal life and then rises rapidly at birth. It is found that fetal liver has an absolute requirement for glucocorticosteroids to develop a normal urea synthesis. The accordance with argininosuccinate synthetase activity measured in liver homogenate is discussed. PMID- 7317545 TI - Fingernail nitrogen content in infants of diabetic mothers and in macrosomic neonates. PMID- 7317546 TI - Fetal 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is altered by maternal ethanol exposure. PMID- 7317547 TI - Serum cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid concentrations in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. AB - Primary bile acid concentrations were measured in serum of 332 newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (serum total bilirubin level greater than 200 mumol/l) and compared with those of 95 nonhyperbilirubinemic neonates (serum total bilirubin level less than 200 mumol/l). The serum concentrations (mumol/l; mean +/- SEM) for cholic acid (8.78 +/- 0.44) and chenodeoxycholic acid (10.5 +/- 0.68) were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the hyperbilirubinemic group than in the controls (7.16 +/- 0.48 and 6.67 +/- 0.48, respectively). 80 (24%) of the hyperbilirubinemic newborns had true cholestasis (serum levels of cholic and/or chenodeoxycholic acid higher than mean +/- 2 SD in the reference group). The ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acid was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in the cholestatic group than in the hyperbilirubinemic newborns without cholestasis. There was no significant differences in the serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase between the cholestatic and noncholestatic groups. In the hyperbilirubinemic newborns, the primary bile acids were indiscriminately raised. Only 8 infants from the 332 newborns had jaundice at the age of 1 month. Of these 8 infants only 2 had neonatal cholestatic hyperbilirubinemia. It thus appears that measurement of serum primary bile acid concentrations has only limited diagnostic value in assessing the severity or prognosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 7317550 TI - [Integrating staircase method for psychophysical threshold measurement with variable threshold (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317549 TI - Ultrastructure of developing human muscle. PMID- 7317548 TI - Increased erythropoiesis in embryonic spleen of polycythemic mice. An indicator for erythropoietin production by the embryo. AB - The hemopoietic events in the embryonic mouse spleen were investigated in fetuses of polycythemic mothers. 12th and 13th day embryonic spleens showed a marked increase in the number of erythroid precursors at an advanced maturation stage, as compared to controls. In addition, an increased erythropoietic activity, measured by 59Fe incorporation into red blood cells of posthypoxic polycythemic mice, was found in the plasma of 12th and 13th day pregnant polycythemic mice, compared with controls, i.e. plasma of nonpregnant nonpolycythemic mice, of nonpregnant polycythemic mice, and of 12th and 13th day pregnant nonpolycythemic mice. Since polycythemic mice are presumed to have low erythropoietin level, the stimulation of erythropoiesis in the embryonic spleens of polycythemic mothers suggests that fetal erythropoiesis is independent of the maternal one. Moreover, the present results indicate that fetuses of polycythemic mothers not only produce their own erythropoietin, but are also able to increase markedly the maternal erythropoietin as a consequence of hypoxemic conditions. PMID- 7317552 TI - [Densitometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317551 TI - [Rotatory evoked cortical potentials in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317553 TI - [Device for the measurement of magnetically-induced interference voltage in the leakage of electrophysiological values]. PMID- 7317554 TI - [A computer based test setup for an experiment in electrostimulation of pain under analgesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317555 TI - [Comparative experimental study of newly developed ends for condyle nails]. PMID- 7317556 TI - General models for the joint action of mixtures of drugs. AB - This paper is concerned with the construction of mathematical models to represent the action of drugs or other stimuli on biological organisms or other complex systems. A framework for a general system of models is set up on the basis of three main concepts: the system and its subsystems, the sites of action, and the components of the stimulus. The classification of joint action in terms of this framework is then considered and a clarification of the standard nomenclature in relation to dependent joint action is put forward. A more specific set of models, based upon a simplified representation of drug-receptor action, is developed within the general framework. Some practical examples of joint action in the context of the models are described. PMID- 7317557 TI - Repeated-measures bioassay with correlated errors and heterogeneous variances: a Monte Carlo study. AB - The relative potency of two drugs may be estimated from a small experiment in which all K doses of each drug are given in order of increasing dose level to each of n aminals at one testing session. Fiducial limits are often estimated from Fieller's theorem, with the (2K - 1)(n - 1)-degree-of-freedom error term obtained from a two-way analysis of variance. Monte Carlo results indicate that this method can yield limits which are far too narrow when there is serial correlation between successive doses. The jackknife confidence limits are found to behave well for the models investigated. PMID- 7317558 TI - Estimation of the proportional hazard in two-treatment-group clinical trials. AB - Two easily-computed approximate methods of obtaining an estimate of the ratio of the hazard rates for two treatments in survival analysis are compared, by simulation, with the partial maximum likelihood (CML) estimator which assumes the Cox model with no covariates. The two methods studied are the Mantel-Haenszel estimator, and the O/E method which employs the ratio of the 'relative death rates' for the two treatments. Uncensored and censored cases are examined for both continuous and tied data with the assumption of either an underlying exponential distribution or a Weibull distribution with shape parameter 2. The O/E method is biased but, within the range of values of the ratio of the hazard rates of interest in clinical trials, it is more efficient in terms of mean square error than either CML or the Mantel-Haenszel method for all but the largest trials. The Mantel-Haenszel method is minimally biased, gives answers very close to those obtained using CML, and may be used to provide satisfactory approximate confidence intervals. PMID- 7317559 TI - Screening and diagnosis when within-individual observations are Markov-dependent. AB - The statistical model currently used for determining the amount of regression to the mean that will occur in a screening study includes an assumption that repeat observations within the same subject are mutually independent. This assumption has been used in the determination of the number of repeat observations within an individual that is required to reduce the amount of regression to the mean or the probability of misclassification to a given value. In this paper the model is extended to the case in which repeat observations within an individual are Markov dependent. New expressions are given for the regression to the mean, based on the time delay between screening and re-examination, and on the use of an average of several measurements for both screening and re-examination. The extended model is used to describe the conditional distribution of the long-term mean of an individual, given several measurements, and this distribution is suggested as a diagnostic tool. A method is presented for estimation of the autocorrelation coefficient in very short time series observed in several individuals. The autocorrelation in diastolic blood pressure is estimated from a set of repeat observations, one day apart, on a group of subjects. PMID- 7317560 TI - Analysis of preferences in crossover designs. PMID- 7317561 TI - Induction of giant fat cells in human bone marrow culture by human serum factor. AB - Evidence is presented below that normal human sera contain a potent non dialyzable factor inducing abundant giant fat cells in human bone marrow culture, normal as well as CML. Media with 20% heated (56 degrees C) human serum induce during 7-14 days almost complete monolayer of fat cells on the bottom of the plastic flasks or dishes. Fetal bovine sera do not exhibit this effect and shift cultures to the proliferation of fibroblasts. We are studying the functions of fat cells in hemopoiesis as well as the biochemical nature of fat cell-inducing factor in human sera. PMID- 7317562 TI - Red-cell metabolism of pyridoxine in controls and beta-Thalassaemia in Ferrara, Northern Italy. AB - The rate of red-cell metabolism of pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate was measured in control subjects and patients with homozygous and heterozygous beta thalassaemia from Ferrara, Northern Italy, and in British control subjects of Anglo-Saxon origin. A high incidence of a slow rate of B6 metabolism was found in beta-thalassaemia in Ferrara similar to that found previously in Cypriots living in London. Of particular interest was a much slower rate in control subjects from Ferrara than in British control subjects of Anglo-Saxon origin. The suggestion that a high incidence of a slow red-cell metabolism of B6 is the result of selection by malaria, whether associated with thalassaemia or not, is considered. PMID- 7317563 TI - The effect of tetracycline administration on iron absorption in mice. AB - The effect of perorally administered tetracycline, chloramphenicol and streptomycin, antibiotics known as inhibitors of protein synthesis, on the iron absorption in mice was examined. Tetracycline caused a marked decrease in iron absorption observed shortly after its administration. On the other hand, both chloramphenicol and streptomycin caused a marked increase in iron absorption. There was no difference between results when bivalent or trivalent iron was given. The possible mechanisms for the explanation of the effect of these antibiotics on iron transfer through the small intestine mucosa are discussed. PMID- 7317564 TI - Effect of genetic diabetes on beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in plasma, conjunctiva, muscle and kidney cortex of mice. AB - The activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, a lysosomal enzyme concerned with the degradation of glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides, in plasma, conjunctiva, thigh muscle and kidney cortex of normal Swiss Albino and genetically diabetic KK mice of 20, 40, 70, 180 and 360 days of age was determined. The enzyme activity was significantly lower in the tissues of the KK mice of 180 and/or 360 days of age when compared with age-matched Swiss Albino mice. This lower enzyme activity was considered to be a reflection of the changes in the glycoprotein and basement membrane metabolism of these tissues. PMID- 7317565 TI - Binding under a molecular "umbrella" as a cooperative statistical mechanical system: tropomyosin-actin-myosin as an example. AB - We Study models in which initial ligand molecules can bind on a linear array of sites only by lifting or moving an adjacent polymer molecule, over a range of a few binding sites, into a state of higher free energy. This inhibits the initial binding but subsequent ligand molecules can then bind more easily under the "umbrella" already lifted in the initial binding (a cooperative effect). Three subjects are considered: cooperative properties of a general model in which, besides the "umbrella" effect, the polymer is divided into m-site long segments, with interactions between the ends of these segments (section 3); application of this model to tropomyosin-troponin-myosin (section (a cooperative effect). Three subjects are considered: cooperative properties of a general model in which, besides the "umbrella" effect, the polymer is divided into m-site long segments, with interactions between the ends of these segments (section 3); application of this model to tropomyosin-troponin-myosin (section (a cooperative effect). Three subjects are considered: cooperative properties of a general model in which, besides the "umbrella" effect, the polymer is divided into m-site long segments, with interactions between the ends of these segments (section 3); application of this model to tropomyosin-troponin-myosin (section 2); and cooperative properties of simpler models in which the polymer is not divided into segments though the "umbrella" can have various ranges (section 4). PMID- 7317566 TI - Oscillation of the electrical potential of the frog skin under the effect of Li+: theoretical formulation. AB - A theoretical model of oscillation is proposed. It is based on the non-linearity introduced in the functioning of the active pump by the presence of lithium. Other plausible causes of oscillation are shown not to interfere in this case. The oscillation is of the local type. Synchronization between the local oscillators is not achieved by diffusional, but by electrical coupling. Numerical calculation shows that the model fits reasonably well to the experimental data. PMID- 7317568 TI - Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry: the routine determination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its metabolites. AB - This study demonstrated the utility of negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry for the routine quantitation of 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its glycine and taurine amide metabolites in mouse blood, urine and feces samples. The quantitation of 2,4,5 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in blood follows a short cleanup procedure and used 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-13C6-acetic acid as the stable label isotope diluent. A more extensive cleanup procedure utilizing high-pressure liquid chromatography was required for the determination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its two metabolites in urine and feces. The glycine amide metabolite was quantitated by the 13C stable isotope diluent method. The taurine amide relied on an initial separation step followed by using a second 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-13C6-acetic acid spike fot its isotope diluent. Alkaline hydrolysis of the metabolites, followed by methylation, allowed the methyl ester of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid to be solely used as the analyte in the negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry quantitation step. PMID- 7317567 TI - Studies on the biotransformation of ketamine. 1-Identification of metabolites produced in vitro from rat liver microsomal preparations. AB - The in vitro metabolic fate of the anesthetic agent ketamine [(+)2-o-chlorophenyl 2-methylaminocyclohexanone] has been evaluated using microsomal preparations from rat liver. With the aid of a rapid, nonselective metabolite extraction procedure and sample analysis by combined glass capillary gas chromatography low (and high) resolution mass spectrometry, eight metabolites of the drug were identified, six of which have not been reported previously. The novel metabolites were products of alicyclic ring hydroxylation of ketamine and of N-desmethylketamine (norketamine). Semi-quantitative analysis of metabolites produced during microsomal incubation was achieved using glass capillary gas chromatography. The results from this study indicate that 5,6-dehydronorketamine, previously considered to be a major biotransformation product of ketamine in mammalian systems, is almost certainly a methodological artefact. PMID- 7317569 TI - Isolation, identification and determination of cyclophosphamide and two of its metabolites in urine of a multiple sclerosis patient by high pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry. AB - The off-line combination of high pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry has been used for the simultaneous isolation, identification and determination of cyclophosphamide and two of its metabolites, 4-ketocyclophosphamide and carboxyphosphamide in urine from a patient suffering from multiple sclerosis. Cyclophosphamide and its metabolites were separated using reverse phase liquid chromatography. Field desorption mass spectrometry was employed for identification and quantification. The technique applied needs no derivatization for analysis. The limits of detection by field desorption mass spectrometry for 1, 2 and 3 are factor of about 4 X 10(3)-10(5) lower than those of a common variable ultraviolet detector. Quantitative determination was carried out using the method of stable isotope dilution with deuterated analogues of 1, 2 and 3. In a pilot study, the ratio of 1:2:3 was determined to 1:0.02:0.6. One ml of urine is sufficient for simultaneous analysis of the three compounds. The typical analysis time, including separation by liquid chromatography and field desorption measurement, is about 30 minutes. PMID- 7317570 TI - The use of combined high performance liquid chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry to confirm the administration of synthetic corticosteroids to horses. AB - Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra of some corticosteroids have been obtained by direct syringe introduction on to the Finnigan moving belt high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer interface. Proprietary preparations based upon dexamethasone, betamethasone and prednisolone were administered to horses at therapeutic dose level. Urine samples were extracted, the extracts purified by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and the presence of the parent steroids in the eluates was confirmed by combined high-performance liquid chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry using ammonia as reagent gas. PMID- 7317571 TI - An alternative method for calculating simple pharmacokinetic parameters for zero order absorption and first-order elimination processes. PMID- 7317573 TI - A comparison of intravenous and subarachnoid lidocaine pharmacokinetics in the rhesus monkey. AB - A comparative study between intravenous and subarachnoid lidocaine in the rhesus monkey was conducted in an effort to compare the kinetics of lidocaine in the monkey with reported intravenous human data, and to determine the rate and extent of systemic absorption of lidocaine following subarachnoid injection. Each animal received an intravenous and subarachnoid treatment in an effort to determine the fraction of drug absorbed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each animal based on arterial blood concentrations of lidocaine. In the case of the intravenous data, a standard two-compartment model was used. Subarachnoid injections were evaluated by fitting data to an extravascular one-compartment model and by analog computer fitting of the blood level data to an extravascular two-compartment model. Data for both intravenous and subarachnoid injection were also analysed independent of compartment model. The intravascular parameters, alpha and beta, were in excellent agreement with those reported for man. PMID- 7317572 TI - Surgically affected sulfisoxazole pharmacokinetics in the morbidly obese. AB - Intestinal bypass surgery in 4 morbidly obese female (110-150 kg) had no permanent effect on the rate or amount of sulfisoxazole absorption. The loss of weight up to 44 per cent within an individual over a year's time had no significant effect on the apparent volumes of distribution or other pharmacokinetic parameters of sulfisoxazole and its N4-acetylsulfisoxazole metabolite. Dosing of this drug on a mg kg-1 basis is contraindicated. Renal clearances of sulfisoxazole were reasonably constant within a study but those of the N4-acetylsulfisoxazole decreased with time. Integrated pharmacokinetic models were applied to plasma and urine data to estimate the metabolic clearance of sulfisoxazole and the apparent volume of distribution of the N4 acetylsulfisoxazole. Sulfisoxazole solution is absorbed readily by primarily a zero order process after a short lag period, indicative of rate-determining gastric emptying. The classical Bratton-Marshall assays were compared with an HPLC assay of both drug and metabolite. There was greater confidence in plasma levels of the metabolite from the HPLC method. PMID- 7317574 TI - Comparative binding affinities of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and desmethyltamoxifen for estrogen receptors isolated from human breast carcinoma: correlation with blood levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer. AB - The relative ability of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen, and its monohydroxy and desmethyl metabolites to displace tritiated estradiol from estrogen receptors isolated from human breast carcinoma was determined. 4-Hydroxytamoxifen binds to the estrogen receptor with affinity equal to estradiol, and with 25-50 times higher affinity than does tamoxifen. Desmethyltamoxifen binds to the estrogen receptor with less than 1 per cent of the affinity of tamoxifen. Blood level determination of tamoxifen species in breast cancer patients receiving the drug indicated that after 3 weeks of therapy, desmethyltamoxifen levels were 1.2-1.8 times greater than tamoxifen levels and 4-hydroxytamoxifen levels were 2-18 per cent of parent drug concentrations. Thus, because of its high affinity for the estrogen receptor, the 4-hydroxy metabolite may play a significant antiestrogenic role following tamoxifen therapy, despite its low relative abundance. Desmethyltamoxifen, on the other hand, may have only minor importance as an anti estrogenic agent following tamoxifen treatment, due to its poor affinity for the estrogen receptor coupled with blood levels that are at most 75 per cent greater than tamoxifen levels at steady state. PMID- 7317575 TI - Bioavailability of four brands of phenytoin. PMID- 7317576 TI - Enzymes of oxygen metabolism during erythrocyte differentiation. PMID- 7317577 TI - Effects of in vitro N-glucosylation on type-I collagen fibrillogenesis. AB - Acid-soluble collagen from rat tail tendon was glucosylated in vitro and fibrillogenesis parameters were determined first at 35 degrees C then at 4 degrees C. Increased lag phase and half time were shown to be related to the amount of non-enzymatically bound glucose, probably due to a decrease of hydrophobic interactions at this early stage of fibril formation. The absence of intermolecular cross-links and the partial redissolution of fibrils of 4 degrees C, as investigated both by turbidimetry and electron microscopy, suggests a defect in the maturation process in glucosylated collagen fibrils. PMID- 7317578 TI - Specificity of the reaction of rat liver L-serine dehydratase with aminothiols. AB - The degree, the mechanism, and the specificity of the inhibition of purified rat liver L-serine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.13) by L-cysteine and aminothiols have been investigated. All the aminothiols tested react with free pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP); only L-cysteine reacts with PLP bound to the enzyme giving an absorption spectrum similar to that of the thiazolidinic ring formed in the chemical reaction. The reaction between L-cysteine and PLP bound to the enzyme has a particular behaviour, different from all the other aminothiols. A stereospecific interaction between L-cysteine and PLP bound to the enzyme, forming one of the two possible diastereoisomers, is postulated. PMID- 7317579 TI - The effect of human peripheral lymph on cell growth in vitro. AB - Peripheral lymph is similar in composition to the interstitial fluid that surrounds most cells in vivo. Gel filtration is used to show that the protein composition of such lymph is considerably different from that of plasma. Primary cell cultures fail to survive in adult human plasma or serum but grow well in adult peripheral lymph collected from the dorsum of the foot. The different effects on cell cultures may be because toxic components such as low-density lipoproteins are partially filtered out by the capillary endothelium. PMID- 7317581 TI - Measurement of wall shear stress in a glass model renal bifurcation by a technique that monitors the rate of erosion of an opaque coating layer. PMID- 7317580 TI - Rheological study on network structure of fibrin clots under various conditions. PMID- 7317582 TI - Effect of flow instability (and of blood anti-instability properties) on viscosity of blood measured in rotational viscometer. PMID- 7317583 TI - On phenomenological mechanochemical muscle models - I. PMID- 7317584 TI - On phenomenological mechanochemical muscle models - II. PMID- 7317585 TI - A critical study of Poiseuille flow of couple stress fluid with applications to blood flow. PMID- 7317586 TI - A two-fluid model for blood flow through small diameter tubes with non-zero couple stress boundary condition at interface. PMID- 7317587 TI - A model for erythrocyte sedimentation. PMID- 7317588 TI - Comments on "A comparison of rheological constitutive functions for whole human blood". PMID- 7317589 TI - The effect of wall slip on the empirical constitutive function for whole blood: a reply to Y. Nubar. PMID- 7317590 TI - [Heart rate regulation during depressor reflexes]. AB - Chronic experiments on cats were made to study the relationship between reflex tachycardia in response to the drug-induced arterial blood pressure fall and spontaneous variations in the initial cardiac rhythm. The existence of inverse linear correlation was shown between the magnitude of chronotropic response and control heart rate before and after beta-adrenergic blockade. The significance of the correlation disclosed for the interpretation of the research data on the relative role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic heart regulation performed in different experimental conditions is discussed. PMID- 7317591 TI - [Biorhythm of oxygen tension in uterine and fetal tissues]. AB - Hypoxic cycles with a two fold reduction in PO2 levels (down to 51.7, 43.9 and 53.4%), the frequency of 0.63 +/- 0.07, 1.47 +/- 0.14, 1.98 +/- 0.3 per minute, and the duration of 45.4 +/ 2.9, 28.4 +/- 2.3 and 19.8 +/- 1.9 sec., respectively, were recorded during the measurement of oxygen content in the uterine tissue of pregnant (3-5 days) and non-pregnant rats, as well as in tissues of 13-14-day-old rat fetuses. The oxygen content remained unchanged throughout the whole experiment (30 min) in the peristaltic intestinal wall. The hypoxic cycles were assessed as a mechanism of rhythmic periodic stimulation of metabolic reactions directed towards not only the increased resistance to hypoxia but also towards non-specific resistance of uterine fetal tissues and female body in and out of pregnancy. PMID- 7317592 TI - [Erythrocyte indices of rabbits in a hot, humid climate]. AB - The normal values of the erythrocytic system of rabbits obtained at different laboratories are fairly ununiform. It is assumed that this may be related to various regimens of feeding the animals, to the presence of latent parasitic diseases, or with erroneous unraveling of the genuine values in connection with underestimation of the animal's biorhythms or its poor adaptation to the experimental conditions. Taking all these factors into consideration, the normal values of the erythrocytic system have been obtained on 228 rabbits under the conditions of hot damp climate. These values may be regarded as an orienting point during hematological research under similar conditions. PMID- 7317595 TI - [Electrophysiologic analysis of the function of various limbic system structures in experimental traumatic shock]. AB - The thresholds of convulsive reaction and duration of epi-discharges in the dorsal hippocamp and basolateral amygdala exposed to high-frequency electrical stimulation were studied in experiments on cats with traumatic shock. The thresholds of convulsive reaction were found to be significantly increased and the duration of epi-discharges shortened. This indicates marked depression of the function of the structures under study in the course of the shock development. PMID- 7317593 TI - [Changes in pain sensitivity during electric stimulation of emotiogenic zones of the rabbit hypothalamus]. AB - Electrical stimulation of 80% of negative and 82% of positive sites of the rabbit hypothalamus increased the latent period of thermal nociceptive stimulus avoidance and diminished the evoked potential amplitude in the parafascicular complex of the thalamus in response to electrical nociceptive stimulation of the skin. The opposite effects were evoked by subthreshold stimulation of the negative rather than positive sites. Electrical stimulation of neutral sites had not effect on the test parameters of pain sensitivity. PMID- 7317594 TI - [Effect of stimulation of the paleocerebellar cortex on the multifocal cortical epileptogenic complex]. AB - Effects of paleocortex electrical stimulation on multifocal epileptic complex of the brain cortex alone and in combination with benzodiazepines (diazepam, phenazepam) were investigated in experiments on cats. The animals developed complex reactions which included the increased frequency of seizure potentials during stimulation, their suppression after the cessation of stimulation and the postsuppression rise of frequency (dyssuppression). This points to the dualistic character of cerebellar effects on the brain cortex. On being administered before stimulation benzo-diazepines significantly changed the above effects: activation and dyssuppression first disappeared, whereas the suppression of the epileptic activity in the brain cortex remained unchanged. PMID- 7317596 TI - [Changes in the posture of healthy rats following intracranial administration of brain extracts from animals with experimental vestibulopathies]. AB - A fraction consisting of low-molecular components (LMCs) was isolated from the brain of rats with unilateral destruction of the Deuters lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) or with the generator of excitation (GE) created in the LVN with tetanus toxin. Intracranial administration of the preparation to normal rats produced the tension of body muscles, bending and opposite changes in the muscle tone of the hind limbs - the delay in the pulling up of the paw passively set aside and enhancement of the flexor tone of the opposite hind limb. The delayed pulling up of the hind paw in the recipients occurred on the side where the donors manifested an activated LVN (on the GE side or on the opposite side of the nucleus destruction). The effects cited did not occur if LMCs were exposed to proteolytic destruction or if the administration of LMCs was preceded by intraperitoneal injection of nalorphine, as well as if LMCs were administered in conjunction with naloxone. It is suggested that the test factors of the postural asymmetry are of peptide nature and that the opiate brain systems participate in the formation of the responses to their administration. A possible contribution of neurochemical lateralization of the brain to the phenomena of the "pathological condition transfer" is discussed. PMID- 7317597 TI - [Condition of the sarcolemma of subendocardial Purkinje cells in the late stages of experimental myocardial infarction in the dog]. AB - The ultrastructure of subendocardial Purkinje fibers of the dogs left heart ventricle was studied 24 hours after ligation of the descending left coronary artery. The structure of the collagen layer and glycocalyx of the sarcolemma were studied by staining with ruthenium red and the structure of the plasmalemma by staining with colloidal lanthanum. Electron microscopy shows that in the ischemic zone, the Purkinje fibers lose their external collagen layer of sarcolemma. A part of the Purkinje fibers were contracted, glycocalix of their sarcolemma was thinner and more translucent as compared to the control. The plasma membrane remained nonpenetrable for colloidal lanthanum. It is suggested that the changes in the external part of the sarcolemma observed may be responsible for the increased sensitivity of the Purkinje fibers of the ischemic zone to antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 7317598 TI - [Mucosal changes in the stomach of rats in the early stages of chronic renal failure]. AB - In a series of chronic experiments on 30 rats subjected to nephrectomy, use was made of the present-day morphological and quantitative histochemical techniques to study the activity of oxidation-reduction enzymes, hydrolases and PAS-reaction in cellular elements of the mucous membrane of the fundal and antral parts of the stomach. It was found that in the early stages of experimental renal insufficiency, all the main cells of the glands manifested marked hyperplasia. These alterations seem likely to be adaptive in nature and are caused by the stimulatory action of the increased amounts of nitrous residue in the gastric lumen of such animals. The authors discuss the origin of gastric pathology in experimental animals and make clinical and experimental correlations. PMID- 7317600 TI - [Kinetics of lipid peroxidation in cell organelles which have sustained anoxia under various conditions]. AB - Kinetics of LPO in cellular organelles - mitochondrial, microsomal, lysosomal and nuclear fractions, which were subject to intertissue or extratissue anoxia were studied under incubation at 37 degrees C. Intertissue anoxia causes the strengthening of LPO in all cellular organelles, while anoxia of organelles after extraction from tissue causes it only in mitochondrial fraction. A higher level of LPO, the earlier reaching of its maximum in mitochondrial fractions compared with other organelles shows their highest sensitivity to intratissue and extratissue anoxia and their susceptibility to oxidation destruction. Products of LPO extracted by mitochondrial fractions evidently can provoke LPO in other organelles, under intertissue anoxia. PMID- 7317601 TI - [Isolation and study of the properties of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase of the small intestinal mucosa of the rabbit]. AB - cAMP-dependent and casein proteinkinase were found in cytosol of the rabbit small intestine mucosa. cAMP-dependent proteinkinase of cytosol is represented by two forms of types I and II. The activity of enzymes of types I and II constitutes 10 and 90%, respectively. Casein proteinkinase is represented by a single form. The catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent proteinkinase of type II was isolated in a homogenous state. The catalytic subunit phosphorylates histones H1, H2a, H2b and protamine and to a far less degree histones H3, H4 and casein (H2b greater than H1 greater than H2a greater than protamine much greater than H3 greater than casein). The Km value for histone H1 is equal to 65 mkM, and that for Mg-ATP 12 mkM. Chloromethylpyrophosphonate and adenosine p-fluorosulfobenzoate were studied as affine modifiers of the active center of the catalytic subunit from the small intestine mucosa. It was shown that only adenosine p-fluorosulfonate is an irreversible inhibitor of the catalytic subunit. PMID- 7317599 TI - [Composition of a population of lysosomal structures sedimented during differential centrifugation of mouse liver homogenates]. AB - Morphometry was used to measure radiuses and total volumes of lysosomal structures in hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells of male mouse liver. Basing on the data obtained attempts were made to describe possible structural and functional composition and cellular origin of lysosomes in granular functions isolated by differential centrifugation from liver homogenates. The greatest content of hepatocyte lysosomes was found in the group of particles with a radius less than 0.166 micrometer, where, according to the biochemical data, the relative specific activity (RSA) of acid phosphatase was higher as compared with cathepsin D. The fraction of particles with a radius more than 0.490 micrometer was mainly represented by lysosomes and heterophagolysosomes of sinusoidal cells that evidently determines higher RSA of cathepsin D in the fraction as compared with RSA of acid phosphatase. PMID- 7317602 TI - [Hyperthyroidism: increase in the electrical stability of membranes from liver mitochondria lipids]. AB - Electrical stability of the membranes was assessed in bilayer lipid membranes and liposomes. It was shown that the break down potential of the membranes prepared from mitochondrial phospholipids of hyperthyroid rabbits' liver is higher than that for the membranes from mitochondrial lipids of the control animals. It is suggested that the increased electrical stability of the membranes is consequent on the changes in the phospholipid content of liver mitochondrial membranes in hyperthyrosis. PMID- 7317603 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the self-stimulation response in rabbits following administration of angiotensin II into the cerebral ventricles and application to the conjunctiva]. AB - Experiments on rabbits have shown that intraventricular administration of angiotensin II induces the dose-dependent suppression of the self-stimulation reaction after varying intervals. The same suppression of the self-stimulation in rabbits but after a greater interval is produced by the application of angiotensin aqueous solution to the eye conjunctiva. In both cases the amount of drinking reactions in the animals significantly rises after the oligopeptide administration as compared with controls. Examination of the time course of arterial pressure, respiration and ECG has shown that only intravenous injection of angiotensin II in doses of 500 ng provokes a temporary increase in arterial pressure, marked bradycardia and changes in respiration, whereas other routes of administration produce no changes in the characteristics studied. PMID- 7317604 TI - [Effect of clonidine and naloxone in somatovegetative responses in decerebrate cats]. AB - Experiments on decerebrated curarized cats were performed to study changes in the basal level of arterial pressure, cardiac output and blood flow in the common iliac artery, as well as hemodynamic reactions induced by the central command to the skeletal muscles during fictitious scratching after administration of clonidine in a dose of 30 microgram/kg and naloxone in a dose of 0.12-0.15 microgram/kg. Clonidine decreased the blood flow in the iliac artery, exerting a negligible effect on other hemodynamic parameters. The pressor reaction of arterial pressure during the central command to the skeletal muscles decreased by 8 mm Hg under the effect of clonidine, while the appearance of the activity periods in the gastrocnemius nerve was facilitated and increased. Naloxone administered in the presence of clonidine elevated arterial pressure by 14 mm Hg, having no effect on evoked responses on the part of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 7317606 TI - [Effect of the diethylamine analog of etmozin and cesium chloride on the idioventricular rhythm in dogs in the late stages of experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - Atrioventricular block was produced by infusion of 0.1-0.2 ml of 40% formaline into the A-V node or the bundle of His. Effect of diethylamine analog of etmozin (1 mg/kg) and cesium chloride (20 mg/kg) on the idioventricular rate was studied in control and experimental dogs 24 hours after the occlusion of the coronary artery. It was shown that cesium ions inhibit the idioventricular rate in the normal canine heart (from 49.9 +/- 3.8 to 6.9 +/- 4.5/min; p less than 0.001, n = 7) and have no influence on the ectopic ventricular rate in the late stage of myocardial infarction. On the contrary, diethylamine analog of etmozin has no significant effect on normal ventricular automatism and considerably reduces the ectopic ventricular rate (from 111.5 +/- 7.2 to 23 +/- 15.6/min; p less than 0.001, n = 8). The evidence points to the difference between the ionic mechanisms determining the normal specialized conduction system automatism and the ionic mechanisms which are responsible for the enhanced automatism in the late stage of experimental myocardial infarction. PMID- 7317608 TI - [Activity of nonspecific hepatic oxidases and the biological effects of the antineoplastic antibiotic adriamycin]. AB - It was shown in male CBA mice that toxic doses (15 and 20 mg/kg) of adriamycin (AD) inhibited the activity of nonspecific liver oxidases and noticeably increased the duration of the animals' sleep after injection of hexenal which is a substrate of this enzymatic system. The inhibitory effect of AD remained unchanged in the course of 9 days of the experiment. The nontoxic dose of AD (5 mg/kg) inhibited the activity of the enzymatic system on the 2nd--3rd days after the injection of the drug. Meanwhile the activity of the enzymatic system returned to the level seen in intact animals by days 5--6. The toxic action of AD declined on activation of nonspecific liver oxidases with phenobarbital and rose as a result of administering the inhibitor SKF 525-A. The authors discuss whether it is possible to use the data obtained for clinical application of AD. PMID- 7317605 TI - [Genetic differences in the anticonvulsant effect and rate of metabolism of phenazepam]. AB - The metabolic rate of 14C-phenazepam (14 mg/kg) in male C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and F1 hybrids (BALB/c X C57BL/6) and the anticonvulsant effect of the tranquilizer in hybrid mice were studied. It was demonstrated that oxidation of the phenazepam molecule in the third position in BALB/c mice and in F1 hybrids proceeded at a higher rate than in C57BL/6 mice. The sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effect of phenazepam in C57BL/6 animals was greater than in BALB/c mice and F1 hybrids. PMID- 7317607 TI - [GABA-ergic component of the cerebrovascular effects of sodium hydroxybutyrate]. AB - There are two different mechanisms that are implicated in the realization of the cerebrovascular effects of sodium hydroxybutyrate. The dilatation of the cerebral vessels and the increased blood inflow to the brain induced by the drug are not mediated via GABA receptors and are likely to be caused by the drug effect on the cerebral vessels. At the same time the central GABAergic mechanisms play an important part in the depressant effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on the nervous regulation of cerebral circulation, since under the blockade of GABA receptors by bicuculline the characteristic inhibitory effect of the drug on the constrictor reactions of the cerebral vessels and somatosympathetic reflexes does not become manifest. PMID- 7317609 TI - [Comparative characteristics of histologic types of stomach cancer according to the nuclear DNA content of tumor cells]. PMID- 7317610 TI - [Effect of various chemotherapeutic agents on the synthesis and distribution of DNA in human strains of kidney and lung cancer, melanoma and Ewing's sarcoma transplanted to athymic mice]. PMID- 7317611 TI - [Changes in the ploidies of hepatocyte nuclei of animals with transplantable tumors during liver regeneration and x-irradiation]. AB - Alterations in ploidy of hepatocyte nuclei were followed in experiments on 190 rats with transplantable tumors during liver regeneration and x-ray irradiation. The presence of the growing transplantable tumor in the animal's body led to alterations in the nuclear structure of hepatocytes, manifesting in the increased ploidy. X-Ray irradiation brought about a rise in hepatocyte ploidy which was more remarkable the higher the dose. Under such conditions, polyploidy of hepatocyte nuclei was more pronounced in tumor-bearing rats than in those without tumors. An abrupt increase in ploidy of hepatocyte nuclei occurred in the regenerating liver of tumor-bearing animals both non-irradiated and, particularly, irradiated ones. PMID- 7317612 TI - [Circadian rhythm in the activity of adrenergic nerve fibers of the rat dura mater]. AB - The Falk-Hillarp method was used to study the circadian rhythms of the activity of adrenergic nerve fibers of rat dura mater encephali. The adrenergic nerve apparatus has been characterized at varying times of the day both qualitatively and quantitatively. The period, fluctuation range and the magnitude of the activity rhythm of adrenergic nerve transmitters have been defined. The peak of the activity curve of adrenergic fibers has been fond to coincide with the activity peak at 12 o'clock. Different activity patterns of adrenergic nerve fibers correspond with different types of adrenergic function. PMID- 7317614 TI - [Effect of a single dose of hydroxyurea on cell division in the esophageal and lingual epithelium of mice]. AB - The mitotic index (MI), labeling index (LI) and the rate of 3H-thymidine nuclear incorporation (TNI) were revealed to decrease within the first hours after a single injection of hydroxyurea (HU) in doses of 100, 250 or 500 Mg/kg bw. After 9-12 hours the LI and MI exceeded the control level, while the TNI returned to normal. The degree of changes in the cell kinetics was found to depend on the dose of HU. The effect of HU on the proliferating cells proves, as a rule, to be temporary and reversible. PMID- 7317613 TI - [Homo- and heterospecific transplantation of embryonal tissue from the nervous system]. PMID- 7317616 TI - [Effect of helium-neon lasers on the ultrastructure and proliferation of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 7317615 TI - [Morphometric demonstration of specialized internodal pathways in the heart]. PMID- 7317618 TI - [Mathematical modeling of pathomorphologic changes in the spinal cord during prolonged cooling]. AB - Experiments were made on 72 rabbits exposed to daily 10-12-hour cooling at a temperature of -3-5 degree C for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Use was made of a complex of morphometric methods to study neuro-capillary, neuroglial, relationships and nucleoprotein metabolism in the cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral parts of the spinal cord. The data obtained were processed on Nairi-K and Minsk-32 computers. All the changes in the parameters examined can be depicted mathematically by the equation Y = A0 + A1X + A2X2. Differences were revealed in the responses of different parts of the spinal cord to cold exposure to attribute the cervical segments to the increased risk area for the development of unfavourable pathomorphological alterations. PMID- 7317617 TI - [Functional role of nuclear interchromatin granules]. PMID- 7317620 TI - [Effect of restricted oxygenation of vascular smooth muscles on the contractile effects of direct electrical and mechanical stimulation]. AB - Contractility reactions of the smooth muscles of the rat portal vein and the umbilical vein of man to direct electrical stimulation and rapid stretch were examined under different PO2 levels in perfusate. It was shown that during perfusion of vascular preparations with oxygenated Krebs solution, the active myogenic responses to rapid stretch and contractility reactions to electrical stimulation are well pronounced and dependent on the stimulation intensity. The decrease in perfusate PO2 is accompanied by a considerably less increment of the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and tonic tension of the smooth muscles in response to direct mechanical and electrical stimulation, respectively. The data obtained allow a suggestion that physiological variation of the PO2 level may influence the reactivity and myogenic activity of the vascular smooth muscles and that this mechanism may participate in the local blood flow control and correction of central neurogenic effects. PMID- 7317619 TI - [Effect of calcium antagonists on action potentials of muscle fibers in the warm blooded]. AB - The effect of the "calcium antagonist" D600 (5.10(-6)--1.10(-4) g/ml) on the amplitude, duration and rate of the rise (Vmax) on the action potential (AP) of mouse diaphragm muscle fibers were studied. To evoke and record the AP, a standard microelectrode technique was employed with two microelectrodes being inserted into the same fiber about 50 micrometer apart. The fibers were stimulated by a single pulse or by serial ones. D600 was shown to reduce the amplitude and Vmax of AP and to increase its duration both in innervated and denervated muscle fibers. The magnitude of the membrane potential and the input resistance were not affected by D600. After denervation the sensitivity of muscle fibers to D600 fell. In the course of stimulation applied by serial pulses (1--2 Hz) instead of single ones, the inhibitory effect of D600 drastically increased. It is suggested that D600 strongly modifies the activity of fast sodium channels, the manifestations of the effect being controlled by innervation. PMID- 7317621 TI - [Primary role of the midbrain reticular formation in mediating the preventive effects of a UHF electromagnetic field on excitation of emotion-producing centers in the hypothalamus]. AB - A study was made of the role of different structures of the limbico-reticular complex (midbrain reticular formation, dorsal hippocampus and septum) in the mediation of UHF modulated electromagnetic field (frequency 40 MHz, modulation frequency 7 Hz, intensity 30--300 V/M) on the reactions evoked by electrical stimulation of the rabbit ventromedial hypothalamus. It was shown that the effect of UHF field on electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus leads to the blockade of the hypertensive reaction in 33% of cases. Destruction of the midbrain reticular formation in the zone located laterally to the central grey matter and above the red nucleus eliminates the blocking effect of the UHF field on the hypothalamic responses. PMID- 7317623 TI - [Activity of the respiratory center as a paired formation during stimulation of the anterior gyrus cinguli in rats]. AB - A total of 65 acute experiments on rats anesthetized with urethane were made to study bioelectrical activity of the external intercostal muscles on the right and left sides of the chest and neuronal activity of both halves of the respiratory center during electrical stimulation (4--15 v, 60 Hz) of the right or left anterior gyrus cinguli. The data obtained showed varied asymmetrical and asynchronous changes in the electromyogram of the respiratory muscles and disclosed some features of the effect of the left and right anterior gyrus cinguli on the electromyogram of the respiratory muscles and diverse reactions of respiratory center neurons to unilateral stimulation of the gyrus cinguli. The presence of functional asymmetry of the right and left anterior gyrus cinguli and their effect on the respiratory center are suggested. PMID- 7317622 TI - [Inhibitory effect of methionine enkephalin and morphine on pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in dogs]. PMID- 7317624 TI - [Age related characteristics of the atherogenic effect of various types of hyperlipoproteinemia on the vascular wall in birds]. AB - Oral administration of cholesterol and intramuscular injection of diethylstilbestrol propionate to 5--6-month- and 3--5-month-old cocks induced various types of hyperproteinemia characterized by the predominant increase in the blood of cholesterol-rich lipoprotein complexes or by hypertriacylglycerinemia and hyperchylomicronemia. Following cholesterol administration the disturbances in blood lipid and lipoprotein composition were more pronounced in old birds. The type of the aorta-deposited lipids depended on the hyperlipoproteinemia pattern, with their number being greater in the vessels of old birds both after administration of cholesterol and diethylstilbestrol propionate. PMID- 7317625 TI - [Resorption from the pericardial cavity during growth in normal conditions and in experimental pericarditis]. AB - The isotope 131I-hippuran was introduced via a microirrigator into the pericardial cavity of 26 puppies aged 1--3 months to study resorption function of the epicardium. Pericarditis was induced by administering the culture of Staph. aureus into the cavity. It was disclosed that in health the isotope half-life falls within the 12th minute, while complete elimination within the 45th--50th minute. On the 5th--6th day of experimental pericarditis, the resorption becomes 6 times slower, on the 14th day it returns to normal and on the 28th day exceeds normal 3--4 times. This fact is a consequence of a powerful development of the subepicardial venous network. PMID- 7317626 TI - [Effect of pentagastrin on the periodic activity of gastroduodenal organs in dogs with intact and disrupted innervation of the stomach]. AB - Chronic experiments on dogs with gastric and duodenal fistulas were made to study the effect of pentagastrin (6 micrograms/kg, s. c.) on the motor and secretory components of periodical activity of the gastroduodenal organs. Gastric secretion was collected from the open fistulas. To detect the role of the nervous mechanisms, subject to comparison were similar parameters of the periodic activity in 5 dogs with intact stomach innervation and in 6 dogs with preliminary circular gastrotomy in the upper third of the fundal part. Gastrotomy did not impair the periodical rhythm but led to the prolongation of the activity periods, decreased the contraction amplitude and shortened the periods of rest. The quantity of the periodical duodenal secretion was also diminished. In dogs with intact stomach innervation, pentagastrin inhibited the periodic contractions, stimulated the duodenum motility and caused an intensive special period of duodenal secretion. In disturbed innervation, these effects were less pronounced or completely disappeared. It is concluded that central parasympathetic innervation plays an important role in he mechanism of the pentagastrin effect on the periodic activity of the gastroduodenal organs. PMID- 7317627 TI - [Effect of immobilization of mice with different radiosensitivities and shielding of part of the bone marrow on survival and spleen colony formation following irradiation]. AB - Experiments on linear F1 (CBA x C57BL) mice resistant to irradiation and random bred white mice which are more sensitive to irradiation were made to study the relationship of the survival rate of the animals and spleen colony formation to the magnitude of x-ray doses during immobilization and shielding of the crus- factors which increase the resistance. It was shown that low colony formation typical for linear mice remained at a low level during the resistance-increasing immobilization, while in the course of shielding it increased in accordance with the animals' survival rate. In random-bred mice, the survival rate and colony formation were in good agreement in all the cases. The conclusion is made that colony formation cannot be regarded as an adequate criterion for the survival rate. PMID- 7317628 TI - [Induction of the activity of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) and lactate dehydrogenase in the liver by clofibrate]. PMID- 7317629 TI - [Binding of 3H-serotonin, 3H-diazepam and lipid peroxidation in brain membranes]. AB - It was demonstrated that the processes of lipid peroxidation in brain tissues of rats induced by hyperoxia and Fe-ascorbate system in vivo and in vitro significantly influence specific binding of serotonin and diazepam. Lipid peroxidation caused various changes in the ability to bind utilized ligands: 3H serotonin binding decreased by 53%, while that of 3H-diazepam increased by 30%. Preliminary administration of the synthetic antioxidant 4-methyl-2,6 ditretbutylphenol prevented these changes. PMID- 7317630 TI - [Types of triglyceridase in the pig aorta]. AB - Triglyceridase activity in porcine aorta extracts was determined by splitting of glycerol-tri-[1-14C]-oleate. On the basis of inhibition of the activity by sodium chloride and protamine sulfate, as well as on the basis of activation by apoproteins of high density lipoproteins, the occurrence of lipoprotein lipase in the aorta was demonstrated. The data obtained suggest that 60--80% of triglyceridase activity is due to lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 7317631 TI - [Corticosterone content of the blood in Krushinskii-Molodkina and Wistar rats following short-term acoustic exposure]. PMID- 7317632 TI - [Effect of serotonin and prostaglandins on the permeability of model lipid membranes]. PMID- 7317634 TI - [Effect of strophanthin and celanide on the dynamics of development of postischemic cerebrovascular phenomena]. AB - In acute experiments on anesthetized cats with artificial respiration and isolated autohemoperfusion of the cerebral vessels by the pump of stabilized capacity (heparin was injected intravenously), cerebral ischemia was evoked by the stopping of the perfusion pump for 15 minutes. In the postischemic period (after perfusion resumption), 2 phases of the perfusion pressure (PP) changes were noted: at the beginning the PP lowering followed by the long-term increase (above the basic level). It is assumed that the PP changes reflect the time course of the development of suggestive postischemic cerebrovascular phenomena: hyper- and hypoperfusion. Preliminary intravenous injection (40-90 min before ischemia) of strophanthine and celanide (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) enhanced and extended the first phase and hampered the development of the second phase PP changes. Administration of strophanthine 90-120 min after ischemia (during the PP increase phase) did not alter the cerebrovascular resistance to the blood flow. Under these conditions the response of the cerebral vessels to strophanthine decreased as compared to that in intact (non-ischemized) cats. PMID- 7317633 TI - [Blocking by naloxone of the antihypertensive effect of clonidine in hypertensive and normotensive animals]. AB - Antagonism between cardiovascular effects of clonidin (10-30 micrograms/kg) and naloxon (0.15-1.0 mg/kg) was studied on anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as compared to Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and on awake cats. Naloxon was shown to completely block the clonidin hypotensive effect in SHR and cats and to partially block it in WKY rats. In some experiments, naloxon was administered after the blockade of peripheral M-cholinoreceptors by metacin (2 mg/kg). In these experiments naloxon evoked elevation of blood pressure, cardiac output and heart rate (in cats). It is concluded that the opioid link participates in the development of clonidin-evoked bradycardia and hypotension both in hypertensive and in normotensive animals. PMID- 7317635 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids on the fractional composition and derivatives of hemoglobin in rats]. AB - Experiments on rats have shown that administration of hydrocortisone in a dose of 10 mg/kg, prednisolone in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, dexamethasone (0.3 mg/kg) and triamcinolone (2 mg/kg) over 14 days result in the decreased number of fractions, in the redistribution of the drug content by fractions, and in the rise of the methemoglobin content. The carboxyhemoglobin content changes but little under the effect of hydrocortisone and prednisolone but significantly increases after dexamethasone and triamcinolone administration. In vitro experiments have shown that hormone preparations are capable of increasing the methemoglobin content at the expense of immediate effect on red cells. PMID- 7317636 TI - [Effect of GABA isonicotinoylamide on cerebral circulation]. AB - It was found that isonicotinoylamide GABA intensifies cerebral circulation and decreases the tone of the cerebral vessels in both arterial systems of the brain. This effect was more pronounced in conscious cats than in anesthetized animals. Isonicotinoylamide GABA was shown to produce the central depressant action on the nervous control of cerebral circulation. The drug considerably depressed the reflex changes in the tone of the cerebral vessels and those in the cerebral blood flow, as well as tonic and reflex activity in the sympathetic nerves. PMID- 7317637 TI - [Delayed-type autoimmune reaction following ligation of the testicular vascular plexus]. AB - Repeated ligation of the rat testis vascular fascicle leading to the organ atrophy was followed by peritoneal exudate cell adherence inhibition in the presence of autologous testicular antigens. At weekly intervals between the exposures, pronounced atrophy (over 25%) developed more frequently than at daily exposures. An enhancement of the positive response because of the addition of lymphocytes from the regional node adjacent to the injured testis was observed during the cell adherence inhibition test. The enhancement of the response was seen only in the presence of marked testicular atrophy. The data obtained are considered as evidence in favor of the development of the delayed type response to autoantigens of the testis undergoing atrophy after ligation. PMID- 7317638 TI - [Effect of Staphylococcus aureus antigens on splenic lymphocytes of immunized guinea pigs]. AB - Staphylococcal antigens were shown to exert mitogenic effect on DNA synthesis by guinea-pig spleen lymphocytes. Intact guinea-pigs and protein A-immunized animals manifested an increase in DNA synthesis by spleen lymphocytes irresponsive to lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin but responding to Con A. A different effect was observed in the animals immunized with the intact Cowan-I cells. Cowan I cells of the immune animal's spleen poorly responded to protein A, lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin. Basing on the evidence obtained the authors discuss the possible mechanisms of the proliferative activity of the splenocytes of intact and immune animals in response to Staphylococcus aureus antigens and non-specific B- and T-mitogens. PMID- 7317640 TI - [Binding of fucose by serum albumin in cancer patients]. PMID- 7317639 TI - [Effect of splenin on the development of tuberculin shock and Bordet's phenomenon in guinea pigs]. AB - Effect of preinjection of splenin to tuberculosis-infected guinea-pigs on the development of tuberculin shock and Bordet's phenomenon was examined. In animals exposed to tuberculin shock, splenin was found to increase blast transformation of lymphocytes in response to tuberculin, as well as the degree of the proliferative reactions in lymphoid organs. It was also demonstrated that administration of splenin led to the reduction of the complement titer and the foci of tuberculosis in the organs. In guinea-pigs with the induced Bordet's phenomenon, splenin exerted no beneficial immunomodulating effect, promoting the development of more severe tuberculous lesions in the internal organs. PMID- 7317641 TI - [Resistance-suppressing activity of transformed Syrian hamster cells and their ability to metastasize]. AB - Hamster embryo cells spontaneously transformed in vitro (HETr) with low metastatic activity were not capable to depress natural antitumor resistance in vivo in contrast to some other lines of Syrian hamster tumor cells. The resistance, depressing and metastatic activities of HETr parental cells and their variants obtained from lung metastases were studied and compared. The direct correlation was found between the resistance-depressing and metastatic activities of the cell variants studied. Five of eight cell variants obtained from lung metastases ocf HETr were capable to depress natural host resistance to the growth of transplanted tumor cells. They were the most active variants in the lung colonization test. It is suggested that in the course of metastasizing there takes place the selection of the tumor cell variants capable of depressing natural antitumor host resistance. PMID- 7317642 TI - [Proliferative activity of cells in dyshormonal fibroadenomatosis of the human breast]. AB - Fibroadenomatous tissue of the human mammary gland was cultivated in diffuse chambers implanted into mice. On day 6 of culture the growing cells were subjected to morphological and autoradiographic analysis. The index of 3H thymidine labeling of cell nuclei was found to correlate with the morphological pattern of dyshormonal fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland. It is discussed whether it is desirable to use the culture in diffuse chambers for screening the actively proliferating forms human mammary gland dyshormonal dysplasias prone to malignancy. PMID- 7317643 TI - [Morphological changes in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs during systemic graft versus host reaction]. PMID- 7317644 TI - [Neurohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the adrenergic innervation of the wall of the rat posterior vena cava during chronic venous hypertension caused by experimental oleothorax]. AB - Chronic venous hypertension in rats was provoked by injection of polymethyloxane into the pleural cavity. Hypertrophy of muscular tissue was accompanied by reconstitution of adrenergic nervous structures. In the early stages (up to 40 days), the changes in the latter are reactive in nature: first there occurs a weakening of luminescence, rare-fraction of the network and then "hyperneuria". Pulmonary heart formation was followed by marked hypertrophy of SMC, increased density of adrenergic fibers, convergence of SMC and nerve terminals (synapse formation). PMID- 7317645 TI - [Ultrastructural appearance of intravascular coagulation in the kidney caused by burn injury]. PMID- 7317646 TI - [Space-time characteristics of the activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the rat liver lobule]. AB - Experiments were made on normal male rats weighing 180-200 g kept over 2 weeks before sacrifice in the light (12 h) and in the dark (12 h). The activity of beta hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) in hepatocytes was detected by histochemistry. The quantitative determination of the enzymatic activity (EA) was performed on a scanning cytophotometer. The whole lobule, its zones and subzones demonstrated circadian rhythms of EA with a maximum being attained at 9 and minimum at 21 o'clock. The circadian rhythms were also inherent in the mean magnitude of EA changes per cell position both in the whole lobule and its zones. Unlike circadian rhythms of the absolute indices of EA, these rhythms in the lobular zones were discovered to be asynchronous. The maximum magnitude of EA changes from cell to cell manifested circadian rhythms characterized by its spatial displacement through the lobular zones. The highest absolute values of EA were seen in the central parts of the lobule decreasing towards the periphery. It is suggested that the functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes changes in space and time. PMID- 7317650 TI - [Method of applying colchicine to the rat vagus nerve for the purpose of selective action on axonal transport]. AB - A method of local application of colchicine deposited in a wax and paraffin alloy to the nerve is suggested. The doses of 25, 50, 75 and 100 micrograms were tested. Four days after application of 75 and 100 micrograms of colchicine, light microscopy demonstrated a non-uniform thickening of neurofibrils and the increase in their argyrophilic properties. Electron microscopy discovered the reduced number of microtubules, disordered arrangement of neurofilaments and accumulation of the latter ones beneath the neurolemma. The overall electric activity of the nerve was not disturbed. The method of colchicine application in vivo ensures the prolonged action of the drug without nerve compression or injury, thereby enabling one to assess consistently the sequels of the blockade of neurotrophic factors for metabolism of the innervated structures. PMID- 7317648 TI - [Model of destructive tuberculosis in guinea pigs]. AB - Two series of experiments were made to develop experimental cavernous tuberculosis of the lungs in guinea-pigs. For preliminary sensitization, the Freund adjuvant was used in the first series of experiments, whereas the BCG vaccine was employed in the second series. The cavity was formed after the culture of H37Rv mycobacteria was inoculated into the lungs of the sensitized animals. The animals vaccinated with BCG developed cavernous tuberculosis with a three-layer cavity wall and with the multiplication of the bacterial population. The animals sensitized with the Freund adjuvant after the mycobacterial culture was inoculated into the lungs demonstrated changes of the caseous pneumonia type to form lung tissue destruction. Attempts to develop the three-layer wall with the latter method ended in failure. The application of BCG vaccine enabled the optimal model of cavernous tuberculosis to be obtained. PMID- 7317649 TI - [Change in the tactile papillae of the human tongue in ontogenesis (according to scanning electron microscopic data)]. PMID- 7317647 TI - [Possibility of formation of "brush" cells from Type II alveolocytes in rats]. AB - It was found that during acute alveolar hypertrophy (days 5-7 after lefthanded pneumonectomy) the number of alveolar brush cells considerably increases. Alveolocytes were disclosed to accumulate at that particular time in the epithelial lining of the alveoli. They consist of type II alveolocytes, brush cells and of intermediate-type alveolocytes. The latter ones were oval or cuboid in shape, had light cytoplasm with abundant polysomes, 1-4 osmiophilic lamellar bodies, as well as microfibrils and pinocytic vesicles. On the apical plasmalemma of the alveolocytes one could see the initial stages of the formation of cylindrical microvilli and microfibrils. The topography and ultrastructure of the intermediate-type alveolocytes may be viewed as evidence of the formation of the brush alveolocytes from type II alveolocytes. PMID- 7317651 TI - [Calorimetric study of collagen hydration]. AB - Water in human Achilles tendon was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It was shown that in the postmortem period there takes place a redistribution of free and bound water. The quantity of free freezing water in the tissue increases, whereas that of bound unfreezing water diminishes. The data obtained can be used for organ and tissue conservation and in forensic studies. PMID- 7317652 TI - Justifications for the insanity defence in Great Britain and the United States: the conflicting rationales of morality and compassion. PMID- 7317653 TI - Isolated violence to the loved one. AB - Five cases are presented wherein the violent person had had no substantial previous history of violence. Each of these people idealized the partner, were unable to accept the fact that the relationship was at an end and split off the anger. Frantic attempts to repair the relationship were made. Under various psychophysiological conditions, dyscontrol resulted in an outburst of violence toward the loved one. PMID- 7317655 TI - Psychiatric consultation to attorneys for abused and neglected children. AB - This paper summarizes the experiences and findings of a child psychiatrist as consultant to attorneys who represent abused and neglected children in court proceedings. The impact of psychiatric consultation on the attorney's legal representation of the child client are discussed. Subjects of the psychiatric consultations were 40 families containing 63 children. The attorney's representation of the child was modified in all 40 families (cases), and the initial legal representation custody plans were changed following psychiatric consultation in 21 of the 40 families. PMID- 7317654 TI - Family process and legal guardianship for the psychiatric patient: a clinical study. PMID- 7317656 TI - An invitation to the dance: an empirical response to Chief Justice Warren Burger's "time-consuming procedural minuets" theory in Parham v. J.R. PMID- 7317657 TI - Disposition of insanity defense cases in Oregon. PMID- 7317658 TI - [Cytostatic action of 2-nitronaph-thofurans on L1210 murine leukemia cells in semi-solid medium (author's transl)]. AB - The cytostatic effect of various derivatives of 2-nitro-naphthofurans has been determined in vitro on L1210 leukemia cells. A recently described new bio-assay (Discotest) was used, which consists in plating the cells in soft agarose and placing on top of the agarose layer a paper disc soaked with the compound to be tested. The halo of inhibition of colony formation which results from diffusion of the compound is proportional to the logarithm of the compound concentration. The most active derivatives were the 2-nitro-7-methoxy and 2-nitro-8-methoxy naphtho[2,1-b] furans which are known to be highly bactericidal and protozoocidal. PMID- 7317659 TI - Induction of canine in vitro reactivity to alloantigen following intralymphatic immunization. AB - An experimental model has been developed using the dog to study the induction of systemic cell-mediated immunity following intralymphatic immunization (ILI) with allogenic cells. As detected in one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures, blastogenically-reactive immune peripheral blood lymphocytes were observed after the third ILI with 10(7) cells. The in vitro reactivity was augmented by a fourth ILI to a node not previously injected indicating that a response in one node was followed by the trafficing of memory cells to other nodes. No immune PBL were detected after four ILI with lower doses of 10(3) cells. However, these dogs subsequently responded to a single injection of 10(7) cells with high levels of immune lymphocytes which were detectable for up to 24 days. Apparently, ILI with 10(3) or 10(5) cells, while insufficient to produce detectable levels of alloreactive lymphocytes were sufficient for lymphocyte priming. Results obtained with this model will aid in ongoing human trials of intralymphatic immunotherapy of malignant disease. PMID- 7317660 TI - Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil : impact of the measurement of the 5,6 dihydrofluorouracil. PMID- 7317661 TI - [Oral morphine in pain for cancer patients : Some major digestive complications]. PMID- 7317662 TI - [Border-line tumors of the ovary (histologic and cytologic features) (author's transl)]. AB - The results of the treatments of the ovarian tumors are very different according to the numerous statistics. These discrepancies are linked with the difficulties in interpreting the histologic and cytologic criteria. Clinicians and pathologists are sensibilized by the severity of the ovarian cancer and carry out heavy therapies out of proportion with the potential evolution of the tumor. The aim of this work, which was presented at a meeting during the Assises d'anatomic pathologique (Brussels, 26-28 March 1981), is to specify the histologic and cytologic characters permitting to isolate the ovarian border-lesions which have a much better prognosis than the ovarian carcinomas grade I. PMID- 7317663 TI - Changes in functional residual capacity during exercise in patients with exercise induced asthma. AB - Forty-eight patients with a history of exercise-induced asthma were exercised on ambient breathing (T = 18-20 degrees C, relative humidity = 45-55%). There were 19 responders and 29 non-responders according to post-exercise spirometry. During the first minutes of exercise at a workload of 25-50 W, the functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured by a rebreathing technique. There was a significant increase in FRC in responders (p less than 0.025). A loose though significant correlation was found between the rise in FRC during exercise and the fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after exercise (r = -0.429, p less than 0.005). The effects of a sympathomimetic drug were studied in five responders submitted to a second exercise test 4 h after the first one. Spirometry returned to normal but FRC remained high between both tests. During the second test neither spirometry nor FRC changed. The results suggest that different mechanisms may be responsible for changes in FRC and in maximal expiratory flow in exercise-induced broncho constriction. PMID- 7317664 TI - The unreliability of indirect lung compliance in healthy subjects and patients with chronic lung disorders. AB - The clinical usefulness of lung compliance calculated indirectly was reassessed in a large number of healthy subjects and patients with chronic airflow obstruction or restrictive lung disorders. Indirect compliance was calculated from maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve and airway resistance measured plethysmographically according to two approaches. In the first (approach A) all calculations were done at the functional residual capacity, whereas in the second (approach B) they were obtained over the 50-75% volume range of the forced vital capacity; values were compared to those of direct compliance measured concurrently. For the group as a whole, the correlations between indirect and direct values were poor regardless of the approach. Examined separately, the best correlations were found for the healthy group using approach A (r = 0.501) and for the obstructive group using approach B (r = 0.312). Failure to derive a valuable indirect compliance is due to the fact that there is a very poor correlation between upstream resistance and airway resistance measured by body plethysmography.U PMID- 7317665 TI - Exercise and distribution of inspired gas in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The effects of moderate exercise on the distribution of inspired gas and efficiency of ventilation were studied by the multibreath nitrogen washout method in three subjects with asymptomatic asthma and 11 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nitrogen washout curves were analyzed according to a lung model consisting of a poorly ventilated compartment (slow space) and one or more better ventilated compartments (intermediate and fast compartments). The overall efficiency of ventilation was also estimated by the lung clearance index (LCI). An increase in the ventilation of both well ventilated and poorly ventilated lung compartments was generally observed during exercise; however, the magnitude of the change in the ventilation of the slow compartment in response to exercise varied from subject to subject; the change was related to the degree of functional impairment, as expressed by current pulmonary function tests (spirometry, airway resistance, and arterial blood gas measurements). The magnitude of the change in the ventilation of the better ventilated lung compartments did not vary significantly with the degree of functional impairment. LCI showed no uniform changes with exercise. Our results indicate that in patients with obstructive lung disease the effect of exercise on the distribution of inspired gas tends to vary with the severity of the disease. The nitrogen washout data also suggest that in these patients the pattern of gas distribution during exercise is not compatible with a high level of ventilatory efficiency. PMID- 7317666 TI - [Bronchial response to allergens after controlled NO2 exposure (author's transl)]. AB - The bronchial response to inhaled grass pollen (assessed by specific airway resistance, SRaw, measurements) was determined in seven allergic patients after each had spent 1 hour in an exposure chamber breathing on one occasion unpolluted air and on a separate occasion (one week interval) a mixture of air and nitrogen dioxide (NO2, 207 micrograms/m3). Sequences of exposure to unpolluted air and to NO2 were randomized in a single-blind fashion. No significant change in baseline SRaw or in the response to antigen was observed after NO2 exposure. PMID- 7317667 TI - [Computerized measurement and modelling of the pulmonary pressure-volume curve (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the expiratory transpulmonary pressure-pulmonary volume (PV) curve obtained under quasi-state conditions in a population of 20 pathological subjects. The signals were processed digitally using a microcomputer. A "filtering" of the curve made it possible to discard the points corresponding to sudden pressure variations resulting from oesophageal peristalsis. Then the data were processed using the different models proposed in the literature to define the shape of the PV curve. The best fit was obtained with the hyperbolo-sigmoidal model proposed by MURPHY and ENGEL [39]. This is due to a general characteristic of curve modelling : the quality of the fit is closely related to the number of parameters. However, except for the asymptotes VM and Vm, the five parameters of the hyperbolo-sigmoidal model have no physiological meaning. Another reason for this model being particularly successful is that it fits well sigmoidal curves and that we studied the PV curve from total lung capacity to residual volume, that is on a volume range where the curve may be much sigmoidal in pathological cases. Finally, this study showed that the use of this model can be simplified and allows to determine automatically lung compliance at any point of the PV curve. The method can be used easily in any laboratory where routine functional examinations are performed. PMID- 7317668 TI - [Pulmonary function indices: variability, predicted values and discriminating power (author's transl)]. AB - Flow/volume curves, single-breath N2 washout curves, single-breath and steady state carbon monoxide diffusion tests were performed on 229 firemen (aged 20 to 55 years) and repeated one week later on 183 of them. According to a questionnaire, 58 were asymptomatic non-smokers, 130 were asymptomatic smokers and 34 were smokers with symptoms of cough with or without sputum. Intra individual variability of indices determined from tests performed at a week interval is not always aleatory and it is different in the three groups. It is the same for inter-individual variability which is lowest in asymptomatic smokers and highest in symptomatic smokers. Age and height were the most important factors in inter-individual variability for spirometric indices but do not affect the variability of the slope of N2 curve (delta N2) or fractional uptakes of CO. The ratio of residual variance (adjusted for age and morphometric parameters) on intra-individual variance indicated the choice of "sensitive" functional indices. This choice may be reached in a different way by comparison of means of groups distinguished according to symptoms or smoking habits. Reference equations for indices derived from each test are proposed. The problem of the choice of "sensitive" indices and the problem of reference groups and reference values are discussed. PMID- 7317669 TI - [A device for studying the dynamic response of a gas analyser (author's transl)]. AB - A mechanical device has been built, enabling one to produce a step change in gas concentration at the inlet of gas analyser. It is made of two chambers filled each with a different gas mixture and sliding rapidly in a cylinder in such a way that the probe from the gas analyser is exposed sequentially to the two gas mixtures. The total translation time is 6 ms. The devise has been used to study the response of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Both the delay and the response time vary with the gas mixtures and/or the direction of the concentration changes. PMID- 7317670 TI - [A microprocessing system for respiratory epidemiological studies (author's transl)]. AB - A microprocessing system designed to collect and analyse data from respiratory epidemiological studies is described. It has several independent modules. The first module presents the questions from the European Coal and Steel Community questionnaire in a logical sequence and analyses and stores the responses. The second module is associated with a device that measures CO diffusion and determines gas exchange; it calculates, displays and stores the results. The last module collects and integrates digitally the flow measured at the mouth by a pneumotachograph during forced expiration, then displays and calculates the principal indices when certain programmed criteria for selection of flow-volume curves are met. All modules are connected to a numerical magnetic tape-recorder which centralizes the information data. The system is easily transportable and satisfactory for epidemiological studies. PMID- 7317672 TI - Pulse evolution on coupled nerve fibres. PMID- 7317671 TI - Asymptotic analysis of the Michaelis-Menten reaction equations. PMID- 7317673 TI - Field-induced forces at dielectric interfaces as a possible mechanism of RF hearing effects. PMID- 7317674 TI - Contractile analysis and kinetic energy of the myocardium. PMID- 7317675 TI - A dose-response model for estimating lifetime tumor risks when cell killing occurs. PMID- 7317677 TI - Pulsatile blood flow in a rigid pulmonary alveolar sheet with porous walls. PMID- 7317676 TI - Further considerations in a theoretical description of gas transport in lung airways. PMID- 7317680 TI - Peak drug levels in linear pharmacokinetic systems--I. Effect of rate of injection. PMID- 7317678 TI - Role of the hypergeometric distribution in the transmission of excitation through sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 7317679 TI - Relation between diameter and flow in branches of the bronchial tree. PMID- 7317683 TI - Medical record management system using the standard MUMPS. PMID- 7317682 TI - The sick sinus syndrome: its clinical features, His bundle electrograms, and myocardial biopsy. PMID- 7317681 TI - Peak drug levels in linear pharmacokinetic systems--II. Conditions for a paradoxical injection rate effect with rectangular input. PMID- 7317684 TI - Electron microscopic observation of murine leukemic cells cultured in vitro. PMID- 7317685 TI - BTS 39542, a dihydrophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid with high efficacy diuretic activity. AB - 1 BTS 39542, a novel dihydrophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid, has high efficacy diuretic activity in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. It is twice as potent as frusemide in mice and dogs, ten times as potent in rats and twenty times as potent in rabbits. 2 BTS 39542, like frusemide, exerts its major effects in the loop of Henle and increases renal blood flow but does not affect glomerular filtration rate in dogs. 3 The ratio of the excretion of the major cations (sodium plus potassium) to that of the major anion (chloride) after either BTS 39542 or frusemide varied with species. In rats and rabbits the ratio was approximately unity but in mice and dogs the ratio consistently exceeded unity. 4 A method for evaluating diuretics based on potency and relative potassium excretion is described. PMID- 7317686 TI - Effects of calcium antagonists on the alternation of the ST-T complex and associated conduction abnormalities during coronary occlusion in dogs. AB - 1 The effects of Ca2+ -antagonists on the relationships between alternate changes in the ST-T complex in the epicardial electrogram, ST-T alternans, and associated excitation-conduction abnormalities during coronary occlusion were examined in anaesthetized dogs. 2 Epicardial unipolar electrograms, bipolar electrograms (BPEG) and monophasic action potentials (MAP) were recorded with unipolar, composite and suction electrodes, respectively. 3 ST-T alternans was associated with serious conduction delay. During the period of ST-T alternans, the amplitude of MAP changed alternately and the negative deflection of the ST-T complex was associated with a larger MAP. A depression of the TQ level and decrease in the resting potential of MAP were marked. 4 Verapamil (0.2 mg/kg) and diltiazem (0.5 mg/kg) inhibited ST-T alternans, conduction abnormalities, TQ depression and changes in MAP. However, after these drugs, the TQ depression and the decrease in the resting potential were evident after a longer period of occlusion at a time when ST-T alternans, conduction abnormalities and alternate changes in MAP were still inhibited. Dipyridamole (0.5 mg/kg) had no effect on either ST-T alternans or the conduction abnormalities. 5 Verapamil and diltiazem inhibited ST-T alternans and the associated excitation and conduction abnormalities. The effects of these two drugs cannot be explained on the basis of attenuation of the decrease in the resting potential. PMID- 7317687 TI - Comparative antidysrhythmic and haemodynamic effects of orally or intravenously administered mexiletine and ORG 6001 in the anaesthetized rat. AB - 1 The antidysrhythmic and haemodynamic effects of the aminosteroid, Org 6001, were studied in the rat anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. Mexiletine was used for comparison. 2 Both Org 6001 (2--10 mg/kg) and mexiletine (1 mg/kg) given intravenously antagonized the development of dysrhythmias evoked by acute coronary artery ligation in rats. 3 In antidysrhythmic doses, Org 6001 and mexiletine exerted only moderate and transient hypotension and depression of cardiac contractility (assessed from LV dP/dtmax). Org 6001 did, however, induce a more sustained bradycardia. 4 Effective oral doses of Org 6001 (20--100 mg/kg) were similar to those of mexiletine, disopyramide and propafenone. 5 Oral Org 6001 (100 mg/kg) was effective for 18 h whereas mexiletine (100 mg/kg) failed to protect against evoked dysrhythmias 3 h after dosing. 6 Org 6001 and mexiletine differed in their actions on ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT). Org 6001 (100 mg/kg orally 12 h before ligation) prevented the decrease in VFT produced by coronary ligation whereas mexiletine (100 mg/kg orally) had no effect. When administered intravenously, mexiletine (but not ORg 6001) increased VFT in normal ventricular muscle. PMID- 7317688 TI - Inhibition by apomorphine of the potassium-evoked release of [3H]-gamma aminobutyric acid from the rat substantia nigra in vitro. AB - 1 The spontaneous and potassium-evoked release of tritium from the rat substantia nigra prelabelled with [(3)H]-gamma-aminobutyric acid [(3)H]-GABA were assessed in vitro under conditions of superfusion.2 Kainic acid lesions performed in the right caudate nucleus resulted in a 70% reduction in the ability of the homolateral nigral cells to take up and retain [(3)H]-GABA when compared with the unlesioned side. The potassium-evoked release of [(3)H]-GABA remained proportional to the radioactivity retained in the tissue suggesting that the nigral GABA neurones that survived kainic acid treatment were still functional.3 The spontaneous outflow of [(3)H]-GABA was significantly increased by exposure to different concentrations of exogenous GABA (10 to 1000 muM) when amino-oxyacetic acid was present in the incubation medium.4 Apomorphine in concentrations ranging from 1 to 30 muM inhibited the calcium-dependent release of [(3)H]-GABA induced by 1 min exposure to 30 mM K(+). These concentrations of apomorphine did not affect the spontaneous outflow of radioactivity. In vivo administration of haloperidol 0.2 mg/kg antagonized the in vitro inhibition by apomorphine of the K(+)-evoked release of [(3)H]-GABA.5 The results obtained with apomorphine and haloperidol suggest the presence of presynaptic dopamine-like inhibitory receptors in gabaergic nerve terminals.6 Dopamine in concentrations ranging up to 300 muM did not modify either the spontaneous or the K(+)-evoked release of [(3)H]-GABA from the substantia nigra. These concentrations of dopamine effectively displaced [(3)H]-dopamine recently taken up into the substantia nigra.7 Our results do not support the view that dendritic release of dopamine from the substantia nigra might be involved in the physiological modulation of the spontaneous or the stimulation-evoked release of GABA. PMID- 7317690 TI - The effect of harmine on the action potential of the guinea-pig atrial muscle depends on the external calcium concentration. AB - 1 The influence of the external calcium concentration on the effect of harmine 2 x 10(-5) M upon the guinea-pig atrial muscle was analysed. Transmembrane potentials of contractile fibres were measured during exposure to the drug at 30 degrees C. 2 In preparations superfused with 1.35 mM Ca2+-Tyrode solution and driven at 60/min (1 Hz) harmine depressed the amplitude of the action potential (AP) and the maximum velocity of the upstroke (dV/dt). The resting potential was not affected. Harmine depressed similarly the dV/dt of fibres superfused with 2.7 mM Ca2+-Tyrode solution but the AP was slightly enhanced. 3 Harmine diminished both the AP and the dV/dt of fibres superfused with 2.7 mM Ca2+-Tyrode solution and driven at a fast rate (180/min, 3 Hz). Increased external calcium concentration (5.4 mM) annulled the depressant effect on Ap while the action on dV/dt persisted. 4 It is concluded that the effect of harmine on the Ap depends on the external calcium concentration. Increase [Ca2+]o reverses the depressant effect of harmine because it annuls the effect of the drug on the slow component of the upstroke. The action on the initial fast component of the rising phase of the action potential persists. PMID- 7317689 TI - Effects of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of the rat. AB - 1 A study was carried out in rats (prepared for chronic sleep recording) of the effects of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wakefulness cycle.2 In addition, the actions of oxolinic acid on the sleep-wake cycle were assessed after pretreatment with drugs interfering with central catecholamine mechanisms or facilitating central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity.3 Oxolinic acid (8-32 mg/kg) induced a significant and dose-related increase of waking EEG, while slow wave and REM sleep were decreased.4 The effects of oxolinic acid on waking, slow wave and REM sleep were antagonized by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (50-100 mg/kg) which interferes with the synthesis of catecholamines.5 FLA-63 (25 mg/kg) which is a specific inhibitor of noradrenaline synthesis, was effective in blocking oxolinic acid-related increase of waking and decrease of slow wave sleep.6 Haloperidol (0.4-0.6 mg/kg) which blocks central dopamine and noradrenaline receptors, reversed oxolinic acid-induced actions on waking and slow wave sleep. Spiroperidol (2-4 mg/kg) which interferes with dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine mechanisms, only antagonized the effect of oxolinic acid on light slow wave sleep. REM sleep was further decreased by both neuroleptic agents.7 gamma Hydroxybutyrate (25-50 mg/kg), which acts as a GABA agonist and amino-oxyacetic acid (20 mg/kg), which considerably increases central GABA levels, were ineffective in blocking oxolinic acid-related disruption of the sleep-wake cycle.8 Our results suggest that the catecholamines are involved in the arousing effect of oxolinic acid. PMID- 7317692 TI - The effects of piperazine on rat sympathetic neurones. AB - 1. The neuronal effects of the anthelmintic piperazine (Pip) on rat sympathetic ganglia were studied in vitro by means of intracellular and extracellular recording techniques. 2. Surface potential recordings indicated that Pip (0.1-10 mM as citrate, 1-30 mM as hexahydrate) produced a sustained depolarization (reversible on washing) of rat ganglia. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA, 1-100 micro M) also evoked reversible depolarizations but, unlike Pip, responses to the higher doses of GABA declined during a 2 min exposure. Depolarizations produced by Pip or carbachol (but not GABA) were markedly depressed by hexamethonium but only slightly by bicuculline or picrotoxin. 3. Intracellular recordings revealed that Pip-induced depolarizations were accompanied by an increase in membrane conductance and a broadening and depression of the directly-evoked spike. 4. In the presence of hexamethonium (1 mM), the responses to Pip hexahydrate and to cholinoceptor agonists were abolished, but Pip citrate still changed the spike configuration and induced membrane hyperpolarization with a small conductance increase. These residual effects were mimicked by superfusing with Na citrate or Ca2+-free medium, suggesting that significant Ca2+ binding by the citrate anion of the Pip salt was probably responsible for the observed activity of Pip citrate in the presence of hexamethonium. 5. It is concluded that on rat ganglia Pip is a nicotinic agonist, with no detectable GABA-mimetic activity. PMID- 7317691 TI - Metabolites of arachidonic acid formed by human gastrointestinal tissues and their actions on the muscle layers. AB - 1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated the presence of arachidonic acid (AA), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in all extracts of homogenized muscle or mucosa from human stomach, terminal ileum or sigmoid colon. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), PGE2 or PGF2 alpha were usually found more often in the mucosal extracts. The 12-hydroxy-derivative of AA (12-HETE) was detected in all extracts of the colon but in only some of the other tissues. 2. Most prostanoids tested contracted the longitudinal muscle, the order of potency being U-46619 (an epoxymethano analogue of PGH2) greater than PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than PGD2; PGI2 usually caused relaxation, whereas its breakdown products or TxB2 had weak and variable effects. 3. U-46619 or, less potently, PGF2 alpha contracted the circular muscle, whereas PGI2 and usually PGE2 caused relaxation. PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, 6,15-diketo-PGF1 alpha or TxB2 usually had little or no effect. 4. PGI2 antagonized contractions to some excitatory prostanoids, without greatly affecting contractions to acetylcholine. 5. For both muscle layers there was a gradient in sensitivity to prostanoids along the gastrointestinal tract. The sensitivities were stomach greater than distal ileum greater than sigmoid colon. 6. The results are discussed in relation to gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. PMID- 7317694 TI - Selective inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis in human blood mononuclear cells and the effects of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. AB - 1. The effects of six imidazole compounds were examined on thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation in human blood mononuclear cells. 2. UK 37248 (4-(2-[IH-imidazol-l yl]ethoxy)benzoic acid), imidazole and 1-methylimidazole selectively inhibited TxB2 synthesis in a dose-related manner, with corresponding increases in PGE2 production. 3. Clotrimazole, benzimidazole and 2-methylimidazole preferentially inhibited TxB synthesis but had little effect on PGE2 production. 4. Clotrimazole and benzimidazole inhibited proliferative responses of the lymphocytes, but UK 37248 and 1-methylimidazole did not affect transformation at concentrations which inhibited TxB2 synthesis to a similar level (over 90%). 5. The results do not support involvement of endogenous TxB2 in the process of lymphocyte mitogenesis or in the mechanism of the suppressive effects of some TxB2 synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 7317693 TI - Effects of vasodilator agents on smooth muscle cells of the coronary artery of the pig. AB - 1 Effects of the vasodilator agents, papaverine, diltiazem, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the electrical and mechanical activities of the smooth muscles of the coronary artery of the pig were compared.2 At a concentration of 10(-5) M, papaverine hyperpolarized and increased the ionic conductance of the membrane, SNP slightly hyperpolarized but diltiazem had no effect on the membrane potential and membrane ionic conductance.3 At a concentration of 10(-5) M, diltiazem abolished the spike evoked by outward current pulses in the presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA) 10 mM, while papaverine and SNP slightly reduced spike amplitude.4 The K-induced contraction produced by any given concentration of [K](o) over 20.2 mM was suppressed by diltiazem and SNP dose-dependently in concentrations greater than 10(-6) M; higher concentrations of papaverine were required to suppress contraction.5 The acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction was suppressed by diltiazem and SNP at concentrations greater than 10(-6) M and by papaverine in concentrations over 10(-5) M.6 In saponin-treated skinned muscles, papaverine, diltiazem and SNP had no effect on the pCa-tension relationship, i.e. these agents had no effect on the Ca receptor of contractile proteins. Furthermore, the caffeine-induced contraction in skinned muscles (after Ca loading) was not affected by these agents, i.e. the mechanism of Ca release by caffeine in skinned muscles was not affected.7 Chlorpromazine, an agent interacting with calmodulin, antagonized the contractile effect of calcium on skinned muscle fibres.8 The results obtained are discussed in relation to spike and contraction generating mechanisms, i.e. the effects of these agents on Ca influx and Ca release from stored sites. The results indicated that at equimolar concentrations diltiazem suppressed the mechanical response in the coronary artery of the pig more than SNP or papaverine. PMID- 7317696 TI - Increase of acetylcholine-receptor sensitivity by adenosine triphosphate: a novel action of ATP on ACh-sensitivity. AB - 1. The sensitivity of the nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh)-receptor, measured as the amplitude of ACh-current induced by iontophoretic application of ACh to the frog skeletal muscle endplate, was increased by the action of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 2. This potentiation was not due to the effect of ATP on ACh-esterase, since the increase of the sensitivity could also be demonstrated by use of carbachol (CCh). 3. Kinetic analysis of the effect of ATP on the dose-response curve of CCh-current suggests that ATP increases the ACh-sensitivity by acting on the allosteric site of receptor-ionic channel complex without changing the affinity of ACh for its recognition site. 4. The equilibrium potential and the life-time of the endplate current (e.p.c.) are not altered by the presence of ATP. 5. These results suggest that ATP increases the ACh-sensitivity by increasing either the conductance of unit channels or the total number of available channels. PMID- 7317695 TI - Evidence against the involvement of prostaglandins in the vasoconstrictor action of calcium ion in rat mesenteric blood vessels. AB - 1. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been claimed to be essential to the vasoconstrictor action of noradrenaline in rat mesenteric blood vessels. Since noradrenaline acts by releasing intracellular calcium, experiments have been performed using the perfused rat superior mesenteric artery preparation to determine whether prostaglandin synthesis is necessary for the direct vasoconstrictor action of calcium. 2. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA), inhibited responses to noradrenaline and calcium but both were less effective in inhibiting the response to calcium than to noradrenaline. 3. PGE2 (6 ng-20 micrograms/ml) failed to overcome the inhibitory effect of indomethacin (62 micrograms/ml) and ETA (10 micrograms/ml) on the response to the EC50 of Ca2+ (100 micrograms/ml). The EC50 of Ca2+ did not significantly increase PGE2-like release by the blood vessels from the resulting value of 19 +/- 8 pg of PGE2 equivalents/min. 4. PGA1 (6 micrograms/ml) and the thromboxane A2 agonist, U-46619 (200 ng/ml), both caused full restoration of indomethacin-depressed responses to calcium, but did not restore responses depressed by ETA. U-46619 (200 ng/ml) also reversed the inhibitory effect of papaverine (4 micrograms/ml) and caused a 1.6 fold potentiation of Ca2+ responses. 5. The results do not support the hypothesis that prostaglandin synthesis is essential to the vasoconstrictor action of Ca2+ in rat mesenteric blood vessels. PMID- 7317697 TI - The international classification and the diagnoses of English psychiatrists 1968 1980. AB - The diagnoses given to samples of 1,000 first admissions to English mental hospitals in 1977 and 1980 were compared in order to find out how much influence the 9th revision of the International Classification and its glossary had had on the diagnostic habits of English psychiatrists since its introduction in January 1979. Although the differences between 1977 and 1980 diagnoses were modest they were greater than those found in an earlier comparison of 1968 and 1971 diagnoses, before and after the introduction of the 8th revision. Comparison of all four sets of diagnoses, from 1968 to 1980, revealed some serial changes in the categorization of depressive illnesses and a slowly increasing familiarity with the ICD. Although a higher proportion of diagnoses used the nomenclature of the ICD in 1980 than in previous years, this was mainly because the ICD had adapted itself to the habits of English psychiatrists rather than the other way about. PMID- 7317698 TI - The efficacy of cognitive therapy in depression: a treatment trial using cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy, each alone and in combination. AB - We report an extensive study which compares cognitive therapy, antidepressant drugs and a combination of these two, in depressed patients seen either in general practice or an out-patient department. One-hundred and forty patients were screened for primary major depression and 64 patients completed the trial. All were rated on seven measures of mood, including independent observer-rated and self-rated depression and scales of anxiety and irritability. Patients were randomly assigned to cognitive therapy, antidepressants or a combination of the two. The antidepressant drug group did less well in both hospital and general practice and combination treatment was superior to drug treatment in both hospital and general practice. In general practice, cognitive therapy was superior to drug treatment. The presence of endogenous features did not affect response to treatment. The results are discussed in terms of Beck's cognitive theory of depression and factors of presumed causal importance of depression in general practice. PMID- 7317699 TI - Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, affective disorder and organic brain disease. AB - We used the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) to study a sample of patients with affective disorder (N = 52), schizophrenia (N = 17) and organic brain disease (N = 8). Schizophrenic patients had lower verbal, performance and full-scale IQs than patients with affective disorder, but were no different from those with organic brain disease. An individual WAIS subscale analysis showed that, compared with affectives, schizophrenics had relatively poorer performance on language than non-language tasks. These differences were independent of age, sex, handedness, educational level or drug administration and are consistent with a variety of studies demonstrating significant cerebral dysfunction in carefully diagnosed schizophrenic patients. PMID- 7317700 TI - Institutionalization and the defects of schizophrenia. AB - Patients conforming to the Feighner criteria for schizophrenia who had been discharged from hospital were traced after 5-9 years. They were assessed in terms of mental state and cognitive, behavioural and neurological functioning; the results of these assessments were related to information obtained from casenotes. The findings of this study of 120 discharged patients were compared with those of an earlier study of 510 in-patients with schizophrenia. When factors of age and duration of illness were taken into account, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of positive or negative schizophrenic features or behavioural performance, although the in-patients performed less well on cognitive tests. This study indicates that the deficits of chronic schizophrenia are an integral feature of the disease process, and that any effects of institutionalisation are relatively small. PMID- 7317702 TI - Patterns of self-reported symptoms in chronic psychiatric patients. AB - The patterns of self-reported symptoms in 103 chronic psychiatric patients were examined using the Delusions-Symptoms-Sign Inventory (DSSI). The subjects were all those able to co-operate drawn from the total population of psychiatric patients in Leicestershire who had been in continuous in-patient or day-patient care for over one year. A majority reported dysthymic symptoms and some sort of delusions. Three-quarters produced patterns of response predicted by the hierarchy hypothesis of Foulds. PMID- 7317701 TI - Reinforcement of vocal correlates of auditory hallucinations by auditory feedback: a case study. AB - Although auditory hallucinations in schizophrenic patients are usually thought to be private events, several early writers observed vocalizations concurrent with hallucinations. The content of such vocalizations corresponded to what the voices were reported to have said. A schizophrenic patient is described whose whispers were increased to an intelligible level by the use of auditory feedback. This has implications for the self-control of hallucinations, and for neurological theories of verbal hallucinations. PMID- 7317703 TI - The short-term outcome of neurotic disorders in the community: the relation of remission to clinical factors and to "neutralizing' life events. AB - A longitudinal study of neurotic disorder in the community showed that half the cases identified at first interview had remitted one month later. Remission was significantly related to four variables: recency of onset and of peak of the disorders, the occurrence of recent threatening life events and the occurrence of subsequent "neutralizing' life events. A neutralizing event was defined a priori as one which neutralized the impact of an earlier threatening life event or difficulty. One third of all remissions were caused by such an event. Remission of disorder was not significantly related to demographic variables, symptom severity, syndrome type, medical consultation or psychotropic drug prescription. The implications for neurotic disorder in the community are discussed, in particular its relation to life events and the favourable outcome in the absence of treatment. PMID- 7317705 TI - A medical social assessment of admissions to old people's homes in Nottingham. AB - A medical, psychiatric and social assessment was conducted on 272 residents admitted consecutively to local authority residential care for the elderly in Nottingham in the year ending 31st January 1978. A high level of medical and psychiatric pathology was discovered, in spite of frequent general practitioner contact in the community and recent hospital admissions. Few of the staff in the old people's homes were sufficiently qualified to deal with the medical and psychiatric conditions of the residents only a third of whom had been examined by a general practitioner during the month after admission. The social service provision in the community showed an uneven pattern and did not appear to have a direct relationship with the residents' requirements, 12 per cent of whom could have remained in the community had there been adequate social assessment and support. Only just over half were appropriately placed, and a further third should have been in the care of the hospital services. Recommendations for change are directed towards the provision of routine medical, psychiatric and social assessment of all potential residents by geriatricians and psychogeriatricians in close collaboration with social services in special local authority assessment homes. PMID- 7317704 TI - Life events and hospitalization in children: a comparison with a general population. AB - This study compared life events in three groups: hospitalized psychiatric, hospitalized paediatric, and non-patient non-hospitalized children, all aged 7-12 years. The most common life event in each group respectively was moving to a new school district, hospitalization for physical illnesses, and outstanding personal achievement. The hospitalized children had a significantly greater number of life events and mean score of life events than that of the general population. The authors conclude that the study of life events alone is insufficient to infer a causal relationship between life events, onset of illness and hospitalization in children. PMID- 7317706 TI - The capital costs of alternative residential facilities for mentally handicapped people. AB - This paper examines the capital costs and accommodation provided in three different types of residential facility for mentally handicapped people--a large campus hospital, a small campus hospital and a network of individually-sited hospital units. The findings do not indicate any economy arising from increased size, or from centralization of facilities on a single site. These findings, together with the other research cited, have implications for the design of future residential services. PMID- 7317707 TI - Anorexia nervosa: some observations on "dieters" and "vomiters", cholesterol and carotene. AB - Twenty consecutive cases of anorexia nervosa admitted to a general medical ward were found to consist of ten who reduced weight by means of dieting and ten who in addition employed self-induced vomiting. Clinical and biochemical differences between "dieters' and "vomiters' were less pronounced than those reported elsewhere. However, the "vomiters' had higher scores on the anxiety, somatic and depression subscales of the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index and lower serum carotene concentrations. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 7317708 TI - The incidence of exhibitionism in Guatemala and the United States. PMID- 7317709 TI - My dosser. PMID- 7317710 TI - Child psychiatry and enuresis. PMID- 7317711 TI - Lithium withdrawal triggers psychotic states. PMID- 7317712 TI - Lithium therapy and the risk for leukemia. PMID- 7317713 TI - Anorexia nervosa and pseudo-atrophy of the brain. PMID- 7317714 TI - Interference effects in recalling movements. AB - In two experiments, the interaction of location and distance cues in the recall of pre-selected movements was investigated. In Expt 1, separate groups of subjects were required to remember either ther terminal location of, or the distance moved during, a criterion movement pre-selected within a 30 cm response region. Following either a 5 s or 30 s unfilled retention interval, subjects were required to recall the criterion movement using the particular movement cue (i.e. location or distance) in question. In Expt 2, a similar procedure was used, except that recall of the criterion movement followed either a 5 s or a 20 s unfilled, or a 20 s filled (backward counting) retention interval. Systematic manipulation of both the direction and magnitude of the starting position for recall movements revealed the subjects were unable to make the movement uninfluenced by the "unattended' movement cue. The interfering effect of this irrelevant cue was independent of the ongoing activity during the retention interval. The results suggest that memory for preselected movements is based on a combination of the two movement cues generated during production of the criterion movement. PMID- 7317716 TI - Preference for lateral directional properties: a reply to Gordon. PMID- 7317715 TI - Lateral organization and the perception of orientation in pictures: a comment on Freimuth & Wapner's experiment. PMID- 7317717 TI - Direct vs. indirect tests of the information available from masked displays: what visual masking does and does not prevent. AB - A comparison was made between two procedures for testing whether an alpha-numeric character, which was patter masked to prevent awareness, could access higher order information concerning its category. In the indirect test, subjects made categorization responses to a letter or digit target which was immediately preceded by a masked letter or digit stimulus. In the direct test, the target stimulus was not presented; nevertheless, categorization responses were required, and it was assumed that any higher-order information available from the masked stimulus would be evident in these responses. Using the indirect procedure, category information was shown to be accessed by the masked stimulus, since target discrimination was affected by the category relationship between the stimuli. In contrast, categorization responses when the target was absent (in the direct test) were uninfluenced by the category of the masked stimulus. It was suggested that pattern masking disrupts the information necessary for (direct) report. However, it does not prevent the processing of stimuli to semantic levels, or the (indirect) effect the information accessed on the analysis of subsequent stimuli. PMID- 7317718 TI - Can passive touch be better than active touch? A comparison of active and passive tactile maze learning. AB - In a comparison of the performance of active (n=15) and passive (n=15) mechanically yoked subjects who learned their way through a tactile maze, it was shown that active subjects mad more errors and took a greater number of trials to reach criterion than did passive subjects. In addition, the difference between active and passive performance was largely accounted for by the greater number of repeated errors made by active subjects. In a second experiment it was found that the poorer performance of active subjects could be attributed to the interfering effects of decisions about which way to move. However, the responsibility for the production of movement had no effect on performance. it was argued that the results reflected limits to the cognitive system, not the haptic system. PMID- 7317719 TI - A thermophysiological rationale for endurance training for racquet activities. PMID- 7317720 TI - Some haematological characteristics of competitive swimmers. PMID- 7317721 TI - Post-competition blood lactate concentrations in competitive track cyclists. PMID- 7317722 TI - Pre- and post-adolescents' physiological response to exercise. AB - The physiological performance of a group of boys and girls aged eleven to twelve years was examined and nineteen of these children were retested again at aged sixteen years. The findings of this investigation support the findings of other similar studies that, when VO2 max is used as a determinant of cardiovascular performance, the performance of children increases with age, and in boys particularly, this increase in associated with an increase in body weight. After puberty boys have a greater oxygen consumption and thus a greater physiological performance than girls, mainly as a result of an improved cardiorespiratory efficiency and a greater muscle to weight ratio. The improvement in their physiological performance by those girls particularly interested in sport, however, also suggests that this factor is most influential to performance during growth at adolescence. PMID- 7317723 TI - Tennis elbow: incidence in local league players. AB - Seventy-four local league players were surveyed through a questionnaire and interview to establish the incidence of tennis elbow, the perceived causes, preventive measures taken and their perceived effectiveness. Of these 35% suffered from tennis elbow, 77% of those critically. The tennis racquet used, technique and timing and the condition of the court were perceived as the main causes, whilst playing tennis frequently was seen as the main contributory factor. The effectiveness of both medical treatment and non-medical measures are noted, but only 5 cases of complete recovery from the injury are reported. Medical help was not sought in almost 50% of the cases, and lack of faith in the GP's interest or advice was noted. Information about tennis elbow did not appear to be easily accessible. More sports injury clinics and wider dissemination of information are suggested. The American research is reviewed. PMID- 7317724 TI - Body density differences between Negro and Caucasian professional football players. PMID- 7317725 TI - Thyroid function and physical activity. A preliminary communication. PMID- 7317726 TI - Maximal anaerobic power in national level Indian players. AB - The comparative study of aerobic power in different sports was conducted on 99 National Senior as well as National Junior players specialised in hockey and football, field games; volleyball and basketball, court games. The National Seniors were 27 hockey and 16 volleyball players, whereas, 32 football and 24 basketball players were the National Juniors. The maximal anaerobic power of the players was determined from maximal vertical velocity and body weight by the methods of margaria. The football players have been found to be highest followed by hockey, volleyball and basketball players in vertical velocity. It is observed that field game players are higher than the court game players in vertical velocity and that volleyball players possess higher maximum anaerobic power than football, hockey and basketball players. PMID- 7317727 TI - Stress fractures of the distal radius in adolescent gymnasts. PMID- 7317728 TI - Peroneus longus tenosynovitis. AB - Tenosynovitis of the tendon of peroneus longus has rarely been described in the literature (Aberle-Horstenegg, 1932; Burman and Lapidus, 1931). This is a report on the condition in two athletes and in one of whom the os peroneum was absent on the side of the tenosynovitis. It emphasises the importance of a detailed review of athletes' training patterns when assessing their injuries. PMID- 7317729 TI - The predictive accuracy of antegrade pressure flow studies in equivocal upper tract obstruction. PMID- 7317730 TI - Renal transit time measurements in the diagnosis of ureteric obstruction. PMID- 7317731 TI - The prognostic value of probe renography in ureteric stone obstruction. AB - During a 4-year period 143 ureteric stone patients were monitored with probe renography during and after obstruction. Cases with obstruction of short duration (less than 2 weeks) all did well. In cases with longer duration the renographic function values could be used to predict irreversible kidney damage. Stone size showed no correlation with functional impairment. Infection proximal to ureteric stones accelerated kidney damage. Recommendations for the control of ureteric stone patients are given. PMID- 7317732 TI - Regional renography in segmental renal disease. AB - Twenty-nine patients with symptomatic segmental renal disorders were studied by regional renography. Twenty-three patients had duplex kidneys and 6 had other segmental disease. Abnormal gamma camera findings included ureteroureteric reflux, vesicoureteric reflux, impaired function, obstruction and non-obstructive dilatation. Comparison between renography and radiology in duplex kidneys showed agreement in 10 cases. In 7 kidneys the gamma camera provided additional information and in 6 cases the X-rays alone were abnormal. It is concluded that regional renography should be performed wherever possible to complement conventional radiology in the functional and urodynamic evaluation of segmental renal disease. PMID- 7317733 TI - In vitro studies on optimum preparation of coagulum for surgery of renal calculi. AB - In renal calculus surgery, human dried fibrinogen produces a coagulum with a much greater tensile strength, stickiness deformability and extractability than cryoprecipitate, which produces a relatively weak and friable clot. A useful coagulum may be prepared at room temperature at any convenient time prior to use if a mixture of 19 ml human dried fibrinogen solution and 1 ml thrombin solution is used. If mixed in a single syringe and injected within 35 s through a butterfly needle into the renal pelvis, complete mixing of the solutions is guaranteed. By using this simple method, the unpredictability of the coagulum can now be eliminated and a strong and elastic clot can be produced. PMID- 7317734 TI - The place of extended pyelolithotomy (Gil-Vernet Operation) in the management of renal staghorn calculi. AB - In the 17 years up to 1979 189 kidneys have had an extended pyelolithotomy for staghorn calculus and have been followed up. In only 1 of 96 unilateral cases did a stone form in a normal contralateral kidney, whatever the outcome of surgery on the affected side. Seven early nephrectomies were performed for non-function and in 6 bilateral cases, with advanced renal failure, surgery did not arrest the loss of renal function. Regrowth of stone occurred in 43 cases (complete staghorns in 24). Regrowth did not occur in 18 of 20 incompletely cleared kidneys nor in 22 of 41 with persistent infection. Renal function was improved in 13 of 15 cases where it had not already deteriorated beyond a critical point. It is concluded that unilateral staghorn stones may be treated in their own right, without fear of compromising a normal contralateral kidney; that regrowth of stones is not inevitable, even with incomplete clearance; and that renal function is usually improved by surgery. PMID- 7317735 TI - Inosine in ischaemic renal surgery: long-term follow-up. AB - Inosine, a purine nucleotide, has been used in 33 patients as a method of preventing ischaemic renal damage. The long-term results have been reviewed with a mean follow-up of 28 months. Inosine was administered either intra-arterially or intravenously. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and divided function renography. Inosine afforded satisfactory protection in ischaemic periods of up to 60 min, particularly if pre-operative function was normal. It was less reliable if pre-operative function was poor or in ischaemic periods greater than 60 min. Inosine is a helpful aid in ischaemic renal surgery. PMID- 7317736 TI - Conservation surgery of renal carcinoma: the EIRSS experience. AB - Seventy-two patients with renal carcinoma (RC) in a solitary kidney or bilateral synchronous tumours underwent parenchyma-sparing excision of their neoplasms. This was performed in situ in 51 and extracorporeally in 21 kidneys, with a complication rate respectively of 17 and 43%. The 5-year survival rates were 78% for unilateral disease, 48% for bilateral synchronous and 38% for bilateral asynchronous disease. Survival correlated with P category, grade and diameter of the tumour. Vascular invasion and spindle cells indicated a poor prognosis; the position of the tumour, oncocytic elements, calcification, lymphocytic infiltration or the predominance of clear cell or granular cells did not influence survival. PMID- 7317738 TI - The late results of conservative surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinomas. AB - In a selected series of 14 patients, upper tract urothelial tumours were excised with preservation of the ipsilateral kidney. The 5-year survival rate was 83%. The ipsilateral local recurrence was 5/14 (36%) but in 4 cases salvage surgery was effective and in 2 cases a functioning kidney was still preserved. The results of conservative surgery and its indications are discussed. PMID- 7317737 TI - Hepatic dysfunction in renal carcinoma. AB - In a retrospective review of 81 patients with renal carcinoma 34 (42%) had abnormalities of one or more liver function tests. Fifteen patients (18.5%) had abnormalities of 3 or more liver function tests but without evidence of hepatic metastases. There was a significant association between these patients and the presence of fever, anaemia, weight loss and a raised ESR (P less than 0.001) compared with those whose liver function was normal. Following nephrectomy, liver function returned to normal in 5 patients. Median survival in these patients was 35 months, whilst in those whose liver function remained abnormal the median survival was 8 months (P less than 0.01). PMID- 7317739 TI - Improvement in renal function following ureteric reimplantation for vesicoureteric reflux. PMID- 7317740 TI - Conservative management of vesicoureteric reflux in the congenital neurogenic bladder. AB - A series of 31 patients with congenital neurogenic bladder in which vesicoureteric reflux was managed conservatively by methods designed to improve voiding function is reported. Satisfactory results, in terms of the appearance of the upper urinary tracts on IVU, were obtained by indwelling urethral catheter, or by alpha-adrenergic blockade, internal urethrotomy or external urethral sphincterotomy; in the case of the last 3 procedures this was accompanied by diminution or resolution of vesicoureteric reflux. Less satisfactory results were obtained by intermittent self catheterisation and in patients managed in this way a case exists for ureteric reimplantation. PMID- 7317741 TI - Bladder transection--a functional, neurophysiological, neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical study. AB - Experimental models to represent the surgical methods of bladder transection in humans were performed on dogs and rabbits. The effects on vesical neurophysiology were studied by cystometry with bethanechol supersensitivity testing; by in vitro pharmacological responsiveness; by determination of autonomic receptor densities using radioligand binding and by autonomic neurohistochemical staining. Analysis revealed that transection with or without neurovascular preservation resulted in an alpha-adrenergic denervation and cholinergic decentralisation. A comparison with the surgical models is presented and proposed mechanisms of action are discussed in relation to the experimental results. PMID- 7317742 TI - A prospective study of bladder function before and after sphincter-saving resections for low carcinoma of the rectum. AB - The effects of sphincter-saving resections for carcinoma of the rectum on bladder function were studied prospectively. Twenty-seven patients, each acting as his or her own control, were studied before, shortly after and 9 months after operation by means of pressure/flow filling and voiding cystometry. After operation there was a significant and lasting increase in the residual volume of urine and a temporary decrease in the compliance of the bladder. There was a statistically significant decrease in detrusor contraction pressure after operation, which persisted throughout the period of study. This was probably due to partial denervation of the bladder. Four patients had signs of total or almost total denervation of the bladder. There was a significant correlation between proximity of the tumour to the anal verge and risk of damage to the nerve supply to the bladder. Thus sphincter-saving resections of the rectum for carcinoma are associated with a significant risk of bladder denervation. Many of the "minor" symptoms of bladder dysfunction which develop after this procedure are due to partial denervation of the bladder. PMID- 7317743 TI - Radiological trabeculation for the male bladder--a clinical and urodynamic assessment. AB - Two hundred and fifty patients have been studied by synchronous cine/pressure/flow cystometry to assess the relationship between radiological trabeculation and the urodynamic findings. There is a strong association between detrusor instability and trabeculation. Trabeculation, however, may also occur in the presence of high pressure outflow obstruction, usually at prostate level, in the absence of instability. It is suggested that frequent uninitiated detrusor contraction against a voluntarily closed sphincter is a likely cause of the more prominent varieties of trabeculation. However, the presence of minor degrees of trabeculation noted at cystoscopic examination in the absence of detrusor instability is not disputed. PMID- 7317744 TI - The early changes in the development of bladder cancer in patients exposed to known industrial carcinogens. AB - In the Huddersfield district many people have been exposed to industrial carcinogens as a result of their occupation. An exfoliative urine cytology screening programme has been in operation for many years so that patients with the early changes associated with these carcinogens are referred for urological investigation at a very early stage in the disease. A description of the development of urothelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and transitional cell carcinoma is presented with particular reference to the urine cytology, histological features of mucosal biopsies and cystoscopic appearances of the bladder. Changes in the collagen fibres in the basement membrane are also described. PMID- 7317745 TI - The clinical significance of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in the urine of bladder cancer patients. AB - A 2-stage study has been carried out to evaluate the usefulness of urinary tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels in patients with bladder cancer as an adjunct to the routine procedures for detection of bladder tumours. Two-hour urine samples were collected from 83 bladder cancer patients and normal individuals for the first part of the study, 24-h samples from 54 patients and normal individuals for the second part. Urinary TPA was determined using radioimmunoassay. In 2-h samples there was no significant difference in the amounts of TPA/l in any of the groups. In contrast, the TPA results of 24-h urine samples (n = 54) were markedly different from 2-h samples and the former correlated very well with the presence or absence of bladder cancer. A reason for this difference may be circadian rhythm effects. PMID- 7317746 TI - Prophylactic oral methotrexate therapy for multiple superficial bladder carcinoma. AB - Sixteen patients with multiple, frequently recurring Ta/T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated with methotrexate syrup 50 mg orally every week, for 18 months. In 11 patients the frequency, number and size of tumour recurrences decreased markedly. In 3 patients the incidence of tumour recurrence appeared unchanged and in 2 patients the disease progressed and required cystectomy. Overall, the average number of tumours recurring per patient month at risk fell significantly from 2.6 to 1.2 while taking methotrexate. It is suggested that oral methotrexate may provide an effective alternative to intravesical chemotherapy for the prevention of recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma. PMID- 7317747 TI - The correlation of T1 bladder tumour history with prognosis and follow-up requirements. AB - The histories of 332 T1 bladder cancer patients were studied to determine the natural history in this tumour population. Each was followed for at least 5 years or to earlier tumour death and the approach to treatment was conservative. Patients were potentially at serious risk of disease progression and death if they presented with tumours of G2 or G3 grade and grew new ones again after treatment or if they exhibited a continuous high level of tumor neogenesis. Fourteen developed urothelial tumours beyond the bladder, evidence of widespread urothelial instability. Tumour deaths accounted for only 12% of the series, justifying a conservative approach to treatment, and a further 25% died from unrelated causes. Those remaining tumour-free at 5 years had a low malignant potential and their natural history supported discontinuing routine cystoscopy after that time. PMID- 7317748 TI - Radiotherapy and cystectomy for T3 bladder carcinoma. AB - The survival of 102 patients with category T3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated by pre-operative radiotherapy and radical cystectomy has been analysed according to the degree of down-staging of tumour as assessed by the depth of infiltration of cancer in the operative specimen. Five-year survival was 60% for patients showing evidence of down-staging compared with 30% when persistent deeply invasive tumour was present at the time of cystectomy. Analysis of available data suggests that survival of patients with category T3 bladder cancer is determined by the response of the tumour to initial radiotherapy rather than the dose of radiotherapy or the addition of cystectomy. Despite radical treatment, the survival of patients with locally advanced bladder cancer is poor; alternative, more effective forms of therapy should be sought. PMID- 7317749 TI - Occupational bladder cancer and cigarette smoking in West Yorkshire. AB - This paper reports the preliminary findings of a case-controlled study of bladder cancer in parts of West Yorkshire. The first 991 cases have been analysed and the results of the occupational exposure for 5 occupations are reported. There is an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with smoking cigarettes in both males and females. These results take both the age and the year of diagnosis into account and are statistically significant. Chemical industry workers and printers have been shown statistically to have a high risk ratio, whereas leather workers, hairdressers and dye-users have a statistically insignificant risk ratio. For process workers in the dye manufacturing industry the length of service is significantly correlated with the risk of bladder cancer and so is the age at which a man first becomes a process worker. PMID- 7317750 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate. AB - Transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate gland was studied in 27 patients. Three different groups were recognised on the basis of the clinical pattern and histological findings. Each group has a different prognosis and merits a different approach to treatment. Thus, stromal involvement of the prostate by transitional cell carcinoma is a sinister finding that requires radical treatment, whereas ductal involvement by either carcinoma in situ or non invasive papillary tumours can be managed less aggressively. This study emphasises that the present classification for these tumours is unsatisfactory and that adequate histopathological information is essential for their management. PMID- 7317751 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma involving the prostate--an unfavourable prognostic sign in the management of bladder cancer? PMID- 7317752 TI - A comparison between digital examination and per-rectal ultrasound in the evaluation of the prostate. AB - Three hundred and fifty-two patients have been examined by per-rectal ultrasound and histological confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in 242 cases. Per rectal ultrasound compared favourably with digital palpation both as a method of diagnosing prostatic cancer and also as a method of staging a primary tumour. Confirmation of the accuracy of this technique as a method of staging was gained by a study involving the use of cadaver material. Repeat examinations on patients with prostatic carcinoma have shown that per-rectal ultrasound is an ideal method for monitoring response of the primary tumor to treatment. PMID- 7317753 TI - Cardiovascular complications in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma. AB - Cardiovascular complications in patients with carcinoma of the prostate have been studied in relation to 3 methods of treatment, namely stilboestrol, estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) and bilateral orchiectomy. One hundred and sixteen patients were studied over a 4-year period on a prospective basis, 48 being treated with stilboestrol, 31 with estramustine and 37 with bilateral orchiectomy. The incidence of the cardiovascular side effects of these 3 treatment regimes in the first year of treatment was recorded after the patients had been divided into those with localised (MO) disease and advanced disease with metastases (M1). In patients treated with stilboestrol 29% had cardiovascular complications with a mortality rate of 16%. With estramustine 25% had complications with a 16% mortality rate, but with orchiectomy the complication rate was only 8% with a 3% mortality rate. It is recommended that stilboestrol and estramustine phosphate should not be used in the presence of cardiovascular disease and that the primary form of treatment in prostatic carcinoma should be bilateral orchiectomy, especially in patients with localised disease. PMID- 7317754 TI - Critical evaluation of direct vision urethrotomy by urine flow measurement. AB - Fifty-two male patients were studied prospectively to assess the results of direct vision urethrotomy in the treatment of urethral strictures. The prognosis was found to be significantly worse in those patients who had received extensive previous treatment. A catheter is recommended for at least 3 days and for 4 weeks in patients who have had minimal previous treatment or who have impaired detrusor function. The use of a urine flowmeter is essential for determining the success of treatment and stricture recurrence. Measurement of the recurrence-free period is important for assessing progressive improvement following repeat urethrotomy and for determining which patients cannot be cured by direct vision urethrotomy. PMID- 7317755 TI - A 10-year prospective study of hypospadias repair at Frenchay hospital. PMID- 7317757 TI - The surgical correction of erectile deformities of the penis of 100 men. AB - The Nesbit operation gave excellent results in 85% of 22 men with erectile deformities of the penis due to various congenital causes. The dermal graft procedure has been abandoned for the treatment of Peyronie's disease as a result of an unacceptably high incidence of post-operative erectile problems. The Nesbit technique successfully corrected the erectile deformity in 77% of 62 men with Peyronie's disease. Those patients with Peyronie's disease and erectile impairment due to cavernous fibrosis are best treated by the insertion of a penile prosthesis. PMID- 7317756 TI - Method, indications and results of corpus cavernosography. AB - Patients complaining of erectile dysfunction present with symptoms that are not readily reproduced for clinical observation. Corpus cavernosography provides a visual and radiographic diagnosis of the problem and may help in the understanding of the pathological process involved. Seventy-three cavernosograms were performed on 68 patients for symptoms relating to erectile deformities, both congenital and acquired, impotence and priapism. The indications, technique and results of corpus cavernosography are described. PMID- 7317758 TI - Elective delayed excision of bulky para-aortic lymph node metastases in advanced non-seminoma germ cell tumours of testis. AB - Forty-one patients with advanced non-seminoma germ cell testicular tumours were treated by chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, followed by excision of residual para-aortic lymph node masses. All para-aortic metastases were initially greater than 2 cm, 35 were larger than 5 cm, and 9 were over 10 cm in diameter. Seven patients also had nodal deposits above the diaphragm and 18 had distant metastases. The residual masses were excised completely in all except 3 cases. Residual malignancy was found in 7 (18%) of 38 operable cases; of these 7, only 2 remain alive and disease-free. In contrast, 28 (90%) of 31 operable cases with necrosis and fibrosis, or with fully differentiated teratoma, are alive and disease-free. Elevated serum markers were found in 6 of 9 cases with resectable or unresectable residual malignancy, but in only 1 of 32 who were tumour-free. Residual malignancy was found in 3 (9%) of 34 cases with normal marker levels. Malignancy was not found in any residual mass less than 4 cm diameter. We conclude that excision of para-aortic lymph node masses should be electively delayed until serum markers become normal and until shrinkage of the mass has ceased. The presence of residual malignancy in the excised tissue then provides a clear indication for further chemotherapy. PMID- 7317759 TI - The clinical application of electron microscopy and the heterologous ova penetration test to the assessment of spermatozoa from infertile men. AB - Ultrastructural studies of spermatozoa from men whose spermatozoa repeatedly had shown poor motility demonstrated an increase in morphological abnormalities. This was considered significant in the 8 men in whom all of the spermatozoa were abnornmal and probably significant in those where more than 90% were abnormal (9 men). Spermatozoa from 15 fertile men adhered to and penetrated 60% of hamster oocytes, whereas those from infertile men, with both normal and poor semen quality, failed to adhere or penetrate. The heterologous sperm penetration test offers a new approach to the assessment of semen quality in infertile men. PMID- 7317760 TI - The long-term results of surgery for obstructive azoospermia. AB - Thirty azoospermic patients with normal testes and normal serum FSH levels had scrotal exploration with photographic record of the appearance of the epididymes and vasography; bilateral epididymovasostomies were done is possible, with vasovasostomies if they were coexisting vasal blocks. Follow-up studies showed no success when the epididymes were empty (Type 1), when the vasa were absent or malformed (Type 2), or when tubular dilatation was confined to the heads of the epididymes; all of the latter cases had coexisting sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Type 4--Young's syndrome). Five patients with post-inflammatory disease had epididymes distended down to their tails (Type 3), and 3 also had vasal blocks. Three achieved sperm counts greater than 10 million per ml and impregnated their wives. Ten of 16 vasectomy reversals done by a similar side-to side technique were successful. A simple classification of obstructive azoospermia is described and it is concluded that in about 50% of cases the underlying cause of failure in sperm transport remains obscure. PMID- 7317761 TI - The aetiology and investigation of haemospermia. AB - The cause of haemospermia was determined in 70 (86%) of 81 patients. Inflammatory lesions accounted for the bleeding in most men under 30 years of age. Neoplasia (6), trauma (3) and amyloidosis (2) of the seminal vesicle were diagnosed in the other patients. Persistent haemospermia should always be investigated since clinically unsuspected tumours may be the source of bleeding in the older age groups. Analysis of the semen, prostatic fluid and urine should be performed initially. Cystourethroscopy should then be carried out if the initial investigations are negative and, if this too is negative, vasography is indicated. PMID- 7317762 TI - The urodynamic characteristics of multiple sclerosis. AB - Urodynamic assessment was performed in 52 patients with urinary symptoms positively diagnosed as suffering from multiple sclerosis. Fifty-one patients had unequivocal bladder instability on filling cystometry the exception had inappropriate relaxation of the urethral sphincter at a small bladder capacity and low bladder pressure. Results of sphincter electromyography and synchronous cineradiography of voiding in a number of our patients led to the conclusion that many of these patients also suffer detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. There was no correlation between any measurable urodynamic parameter and the severity of the physical disability. PMID- 7317763 TI - Surgical decision making. AB - The decision-making process in a general surgical outpatient clinic has been studied by following the course of 2000 consecutive newly referred patients of whom 1045 were put on surgical waiting lists. Surgeons were asked to record their reasons for selection for each of four levels of care: main ward, 5-day ward, day bed unit or minor outpatient surgery. Selections were influenced by social and psychological factors in 12 per cent of patients, the remaining 88 per cent were determined by the medical history or physical condition. The decision was assessed by monitoring the progress in hospital and the outcome at a follow-up clinic. In 84 per cent of patients arrangements had gone according to plan. Eleven (1.75 per cent) of 5-day or day care patients were transferred to a higher level of care and 13 (1.4 per cent) of the total series were re-admitted. Surgeons were asked to forecast the duration of postoperative stay. Thirty-six per cent were discharged on the day forecast, 63 per cent within 24 h and 75 per cent within 48 h. Forecasts of length of stay for hernias and varicose veins were accurate but were usually underestimated for major surgery. It is concluded that for the majority of general surgical patients the selection of the level of care and the forecast of postoperative stay were sufficiently reliable to allow confident and definite advice to be given to the patient and to allow resources to be efficiently used. PMID- 7317764 TI - Thrombotic risks of staging laparotomy with splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease. AB - No significant excess of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as measured by the 125I labelled fibrinogen method was observed in patients having staging laparotomy and splenectomy for Hodgkin's disease (HD) compared with patients having elective cholecystectomy under highly standardized surgical conditions. Patients who did have DVT all had splenic involvement with HD. There was no correlation between the post-splenectomy thrombocytosis and the occurrence of DVT. Patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and splenomegaly had a high incidence of DVT after splenectomy. PMID- 7317766 TI - Basal cell carcinoma of the anus-a clinical study of 34 cases. AB - Thirty-four patients with basal cell carcinoma of the anus were treated in Denmark between 1943 and 1974. The tumours were usually between 1 and 2 cm in diameter and localized to the anal margins. Three tumours had a diameter of 10 cm and extended into the anal canal. In one case the tumour had spread to the regional lymph nodes. Modes of treatment were wide local excision (27 patients), abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (4 patients), colostomy combined with radiotherapy (1 patient) and radiotherapy alone (2 patients). Local recurrence was observed in 8 cases. After retreatment (re-excision: 5 patients), excision of the rectum (1 patient) and radiotherapy (2 patients), no recurrences were observed in the follow-up period ( greater than 5 years). The crude 5-year survival rate was 72.6 per cent. The death rate was not higher than in the normal population of the same age and sex and no death was due to the basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7317765 TI - Prognosis in relation to symptom duration in colon cancer. AB - Between 1950 and 1978 754 patients underwent operation by one of the authors for carcinoma of the colon. Follow-up data were available on 99 per cent. Tumour stage distribution did not differ significantly with increasing duration of symptoms. The proportion of curative to palliative operative procedures was unrelated to symptom duration. Cancer specific survival for the entire patient series was worse when symptoms had been present for less than 3 months compared with 3-6 months, 6-12 months or 12 months or more (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.04, respectively). Cancer specific survival after curative resection was also worse in patients with a symptom duration of less than 3 months compared with 3-6 months or 12 months or more (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.03, respectively). These results show that colon cancer patients in whom the diagnosis is made and operation performed after a short symptomatic period do not have less advanced tumours nor better survival prospects. PMID- 7317767 TI - Structural deterioration of prosthetic oesophageal tubes: an in vitro comparison of latex rubber and silicone rubber tubes. AB - In a series of 100 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia undergoing palliative intubation at endoscopy using a latex rubber or a silicone rubber tube 2 cases of tube fragmentation were encountered and are described. The effects of hydrochloric acid, bile and irradiation on the tubes have been studied in vitro. After incubation in hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol/l), the breaking force of latex rubber tubes fell by 31 per cent (48 N) (but did not change significantly for silicone rubber tubes. The addition of bile to the hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol/l) did not further influence the breaking force of either type of tube. Megavoltage irradiation with 7500 rad did not affect the breaking strength of silicone rubber tubes but caused a reduction of breaking strength of latex rubber tubes. These findings suggest that silicone rubber has advantages over latex rubber as a material for prosthetic oesophageal tubes. PMID- 7317768 TI - Propranolol in the surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism, including severely thyrotoxic patients. AB - The perioperative course of 44 hyperthyroid patients prepared for surgery with propranolol alone, including 11 with severe thyrotoxicosis was compared to that of 20 euthyroid patients prepared for surgery with carbimazole. Conventional propranolol at a dosage of 160 mg/day was frequently insufficient to produce a high degree of beta-adrenergic blockade, particularly in severely thyrotoxic patients. A greater than 25 per cent reduction in sitting pulse rate was associated with a high degree of beta-blockade. The clinical course of patients with mild or moderate thyrotoxicosis was similar to that of the patients prepared with carbimazole. In contrast, the course of severely thyrotoxic patients was complicated and, in addition to a higher preoperative propranolol dosage, these patients commonly required supplemental propranolol after operation. Although thyroid crisis did not occur in any patient, we cannot recommend the use of propranolol alone for the severely thyrotoxic patient. PMID- 7317769 TI - Pulmonary function and fibrinogen metabolism in acute pancreatitis. AB - Respiratory complications were studied in 50 patients with acute pancreatitis, and the relationship of these complications to parameters of fibrinogen metabolism was investigated. The mean arterial P02 of the patients was 9.85 +/- 3.8 kPa (s.d.). Forty-three per cent of patients on admission were hypoxaemic. The mean PO2 was lower in patients who subsequently developed complications of acute pancreatitis (mean P02 7.85 +/- 1.42 kPa (s.d.), P less than 0.01). Vital capacity on admission was decreased by 50 per cent in 41 per cent of patients and by 20 per cent decrease in their vital capacity. Fibrinogen levels were elevated in 80 per cent of of patients on admission and there was a negative correlation between these levels and the arterial P02 (r = -0.6, P less than 0.001). Fibrinogen degradation products were elevated in 45 per cent of patients. The results confirm that marked lung damage occurs in acute pancreatitis and suggest that the effects are prolonged. The possibility that this damage may be related to pulmonary fibrin deposition is discussed. PMID- 7317770 TI - The value of preserving the anal sphincter in operations for ulcerative colitis and polyposis: a review of 22 mucosal proctectomies. AB - Ulcerative colitis and polyposis are both diseases of the mucosa. They can be cured by colectomy combined with selective mucosal proctectomy, without sacrifice of teh anal sphincters or damage to bladder or sexual function. Terminal ileum, either as a straight tube or in the form of a pouch, is drawn down through the denuded tube of anorectal muscle and anastomosed to the mid-anal canal. A temporary defunctioning ileostomy is always used. Caecum has also been used as a neorectum after mucosal proctectomy, but without long term success. Twenty-two patients, 20 with ulcerative colitis and 2 with polyposis, have been treated by mucosal proctectomy in the past 4 years, with no mortality. The caeco-anal procedure proved a failure because of recurrence of colitis, although the early functional results were good. After ileo-anal anastomosis, continence was perfect by day, but 2 patients had occasional lapses at night. The disadvantage of straight ileo-anal anastomosis is frequency of bowel action (6-9 times a day), even with codeine medication, although the patients considered the operation a success. Some form of pelvic reservoir is therefore desirable and our early experience with the triplicated ileal pouch is encouraging. PMID- 7317771 TI - Post-cholecystectomy jaundice due to intracholedochal blood clot. PMID- 7317772 TI - Portal perfusion and interposition mesocaval shunts. PMID- 7317773 TI - The efferent projections of the subfornical organ of the rat: a circumventricular organ within a neural network subserving water balance. AB - The efferent projections of the subfornical organ (SFO) of rats were traced using the autoradiographic method of following anterograde transport of labelled proteins through axons. The efferents of the SFO go to two different areas. The first is the anteroventral third ventricular area of the preoptic region and the second is the hypothalamus particularly the neurosecretory, magnocellular nuclei. Specifically, the apparent terminal fields in the first area are in the nucleus medianus of the medial preoptic area (NM), the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), and the anterior periventricular area (PeV). Many efferent fibers to this area emerge from the rostral SFO, pass anteriorly over the anterior commissure in the midline and either descend along the anterior border of the NM or enter the PeV dorsally just beneath the anterior commissure. The apparent terminal fields within the hypothalamus are in the anterior and tuberal supraoptic nuclei (SONa and SONt), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) including its rostral accessory cluster, the nucleus circularis (NC), the dorsal perifornical area (PFd), and in both the lateral preoptic area and lateral hypothalamus adjacent to the SON. Many efferent fibers to the hypothalamus emerge from the rostral SFO and enter the columns of the fornix, diverge with the ventral stria medullari to disperse medially and laterally over the columns of the fornix and along their dorsal border at the anterior dorsal level of the columns trajectory through the hypothalamus. These findings are discussed in terms of the SFO's role within a neural network mediating water balance behaviorally and physiologically. PMID- 7317775 TI - Effects of locus coeruleus lesions upon sleeping and waking in the rabbit. AB - The effects of radiofrequency lesions in the region of the locus coeruleus (LC) upon sleep--waking states and behaviors were investigated in chronically implanted New Zealand White rabbits. Polygraphic recordings were taken prior to and at 5- and 14-day intervals following lesioning. In animals exhibiting absence of paradoxical sleep and the presence of bizarre motor behavior, additional recordings were taken 30 days postlesion. Prelesion sleep-wakefulness pattern data were comparable to those previously observed in intact rabbits, including the recently reported absence of sustained PS-related nuchal muscle atonia. Lesions histologically localized to the area of the locus coeruleus were of two types, i.e., those effecting bilateral destruction of greater than or equal to 80% (n = 11) or 30-50% (n = 11) of the LC. A transient period of inactivity was present immediately following lesioning, but by two weeks postlesion animals had generally regained normal waking behavioral and physiological functioning, e.g., eating, drinking and grooming behaviors had returned and respiration, micturition and general urological functioning were normal. The more extensive LC lesions were followed by increases in the proportion of total recording time spent in wakefulness, but primarily in quiet rather than active wakefulness. Sleep was fragmented by phasic muscular activation in proportion to the amount of LC destroyed. In animals with the most extensive lesions, slow wave sleep was interrupted by brief, abrupt episodes of twitching, and episodes of marked phasic muscular activation, often violent in nature, occurred following periods of slow wave sleep. The postlesion occurrence of PS was inversely related to the degree of LC destruction and, accordingly, to the presence of episodes of phasic motor activation. These results did not confirm earlier reports in other species implicating the LC in urogenital functioning and respiration, but do corroborate previous findings indicating that neural elements in the LC regions are essential to the integrity of sleep and are especially important to the control of motor mechanisms during sleep. PMID- 7317777 TI - A radioisotopic method for the simultaneous quantitation of regional cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in small dissected samples: validation studies and values in the nitrous oxide-anesthetized rat. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous determination of the rates of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRgl) in 6-7 mg brain samples dissected from multiple areas of interest. The method utilizes [131I]iodoantipyrine ([131I]IAP) to measure rCBF by indicator fractionation, and [14C]2-deoxyglucose to measure rCMRgl. [131I]IAP was synthesized with specific activity exceeding 350 Ci/mmol and radiochemical purity greater than 99.5% by the radioiodination of antipyrine with Na131I. A triple counting strategy was developed to quantitate 14C activity of the dissected brain samples in the presence of 131I. The factors contributing to the propagated error of the double-label separation strategy were defined and optimal assay parameters were determined. The separation strategy was validated by measuring rCBF simultaneously with both [131I]IAP (x) and [14C]IAP (y) in a series of rats. The equation of the regression line was y = 1.025 x -0.065 (correlation coefficient 0.985), denoting excellent agreement. In another series of 5 normocapnic rats anesthetized with nitrous oxide, rCBF and rCMRgl were measured simultaneously. In individual animals, the rates of rCBF within 14-16 brain areas were closely coupled to their respective rates of glucose metabolism. For the group data, the linear regression equation relating rCBF (y) to rCMRgl (x) was y = 1.76 x + 0.13 (correlation coefficient 0.93, P less than 0.001). These studies provide direct evidence, based upon data obtained in the same brain, of a close coupling of regional metabolic rate and blood flow. PMID- 7317774 TI - Functional organization of the motor process underlying the transition from movement to posture. AB - In these experiments we studied the organization of the neural pattern of activity underlying the achievement and maintenance of final limb position. The examination of the alpha motoneuronal inputs to flexors and extensors acting on the elbow and wrist joints revealed that a change from one posture to another required a modulation of both flexors and extensors. For a given position, the final EMG level of flexors and extensors is more variable than the ratio between the alpha neuronal activity of these two antagonistic muscles. Further, the ratio was not significantly affected by the direction, amplitude or velocity of the movement. These results indicate that the final position could be coded in the central nervous system (CNS) as the ratio of activity in antagonistic muscles acting on a joint. PMID- 7317776 TI - Reversible microwave effects on the blood-brain barrier. AB - Low level microwave exposure of Chinese hamsters resulted in reversible permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Lesions were grossly visible in random areas of the brain immediately following exposure, but were not as common following a 1 h recovery period and were absent after a 2 h recovery period. The apparent route of increased permeability was via endothelial vesicular transport, since reaction product was not seen passing through the endothelial tight junctions. In addition, endothelial flooding of HRP, platelet aggregation and perivascular edema were observed only in experimental animals. Possible mechanisms of the enhanced vesicular transport are discussed. PMID- 7317778 TI - Anatomical distribution of estrogen target neurons in turtle brain. AB - Autoradiographic studies with [3H]estradiol-17 beta in red-eared turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) show concentration and retention of radioactivity in nuclei of neurons in certain regions. Accumulations of estrogen target neurons exist in the periventricular brain with relationships to ventral extensions of the forebrain ventricles, including parolfactory, amygdaloid, septal, preoptic, hypothalamic and thalamic areas, as well as the dorsal ventricular ridge, the piriform cortex, and midbrain-pontine periaqueductal structures. The general anatomical pattern of distribution of estrogen target neurons corresponds to those observed not only in another reptile (Anolis carolinensis), but also in birds and mammals, as well as in teleosts and cyclostomes. In Pseudemys, which appears to display an intermediate degree of phylogenetic differentiation, the amygdaloid-septal-preoptic groups of estrogen target neurons constitute a continuum. In phylogenetic ascendency, e.g. in mammals, these cell populations are increasingly separated and distinct, while in phylogenetic descendency, e.g. in teleosts and cyclostomes, an amygdaloid group appears to be absent or contained within the septal-preoptic target cell population. PMID- 7317779 TI - Morphological identification of axo-axonic and dendro-dendritic synapses in the rat substantia gelatinosa. AB - Axo-axonic and dendro-dendritic synapses of the rat substantia gelatinosa Rolandi (SGR) have been studied in 14 adult rats by means of thin section and freeze-etch electron microscopy. Out of 6045 synaptic contacts we identified 54 between axon terminals, 10 between dendritic processes. Aside from vesicle shape the following parameters were used in a morphometric study; width of synaptic clefts, depth and length of postsynaptic densities. There are two main types of axo-axonic synapses, those with agranular vesicles (AA-type) and those with an increased population of large granular vesicles (AAgr-type). The former is prevailing and can be subdivided into two subgroups: AA1 and AA2. The pre- and postsynaptic terminals of AA1 contain spherical vesicles, the depth and length of postsynaptic densities as well as the width of the junctional clefts being significantly larger than that of AA2. Presynaptic terminals of AA2 synapses contain predominantly flattened vesicles, while spherical vesicles were found exclusively in the postsynaptic boutons. AAgr-type is rarely encountered; it is characterized by large granular vesicles (65-110 nm) which accumulate postsynaptically and occasionally in both pre- and postsynaptic boutons. Two types of dendro-dendritic synapses (DD1 and DD2) constitute another SGR feature. The difference between DD1 and DD2 is analogous to that between AA1 and AA2 except that pleomorphic synaptic vesicles appear in both groups. The width of subsynaptic membrane appositions turned out to be the most consistent criterion by which the two groups could be differentiated. PMID- 7317780 TI - Neuronotrophic factors and their antibodies: in vitro microassays for titration and screening. AB - Using nerve growth factor (NGF), anti-NGF sera and dissociated neonatal mouse dorsal root ganglionic neurons we present a microculture assay methodology for (1) the titration of neurotrophic factor (NTF) activity in monolayer culture, (2) the titration of NTF antibodies which 'block' NTF biological activity, (3) the titration of NTF antibodies that bind and remove (sequester) NTF from culture medium and (4) a large-scale, convenient, and rapid screening for NTF biological activity as well as for NTF 'blocking' or 'sequestering' antibodies. These quantitative and qualitative in vitro microimmunoassays should be applicable to any neuronotrophic factor or its antibody, even when the agent is only available in crude, unpurified form. Since the microculture systems permit the simultaneous screening of one thousand samples per day they should be useful for the detection and quantitation of monoclonal antibodies present in hybridoma-conditioned media. PMID- 7317781 TI - Ascending projections to nucleus parafascicularis of the cat. AB - Experiments utilizing the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were performed in order to locate the cells of origin of ascending projections to the parafascicular nucleus (Pf) of the cat. HRP-labelled cells were identified in several regions of the brain stem including: trigeminal nuclei, vestibular nuclei, nucleus coeruleus, tegmental field, deep layers of the superior colliculus, substantia nigra, dorsal median nucleus of Raphe and periaqueductal grey substance. Of these, the periaqueductal grey contained approximately 40% of labelled neurones. A weak spinal cord projection to Pf originated bilaterally from laminae VI and VII-VIII at C1 and C2 and some neurones were also found contralaterally at C7 and L7. PMID- 7317782 TI - The origin of the hypothalamic-vagal descending pathway: an experimental ultrastructural study. AB - Placing uni- and bilateral electrolytic lesions in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei was followed by the degradation of presynaptic profiles in the medullary dorsal vagal nuclei. Unilateral lesions resulted in degeneration of the dorsal vagal nuclei presynaptic profiles on the side of the lesion and on the site opposite. Our results seem to afford the first experimental proof that descending hypothalamic axons synapsing in the medulla on the neurons of the dorsal vagal nuclei arise in the paraventricular nuclei and intersect at some level of the lower brain stem. PMID- 7317783 TI - Commissural projection to the dentate gyrus of the rat: evidence for feed-forward inhibition. AB - We studied the response properties of interneurons of the dentate gyrus to stimulation of the commissural and perforant path inputs in urethane-anesthetized rats. Commissural stimulation inhibited the population spike evoked by concurrent stimulation of the perforant path. Stimulation thresholds of the interneurons were significantly lower than thresholds of the projection cells. The latency of 3 interneurons was shorter than the onset of the commissurally evoked field response. The results suggest that commissural fibers directly excite interneurons of the dentate gyrus, and the activity of the projection cells may be inhibited in a feed-forward manner. PMID- 7317784 TI - Acetylcholinesterase-containing neurons in cat pallidal complex; morphological characteristics and projection towards the neocortex. AB - The cat globus pallidus (GP) was found to contain both small and large cells that stain lightly and intensely for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), respectively. The small GP cells are similar to entopeduncular (EN) cells and it is proposed that both should be considered as 'typical' pallidal neurons. In contrast, large GP cells are similar to intensely stained AChE cells present in the substantia innominata (SI) and the putamen (PUT). Furthermore, HRP injection into the neocortex was found to label numerous large AChE cells in GP and a lesser number of similar neurons in PUT and SI. No HRP labeling was observed in the smaller cells of EN, GP and PUT. These findings suggest that the magnocellular AChE neurons in feline basal ganglia may be part of a single population of 'limbic' elements. PMID- 7317785 TI - Differentially projecting cells in individual layers of the auditory cortex: a double-labeling study. PMID- 7317786 TI - The effects of monocular deprivation on the development of the rat trochlear nerve. PMID- 7317787 TI - Phasically firing neurones in the lateral hypothalamus of anaesthetized rats. PMID- 7317788 TI - The encoding of thermal stimuli by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). AB - The relationship between stimulus intensity and its efficacy in inducing diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) was investigated in anaesthetized rats by using thermal stimulation of the tail for conditioning dorsal horn convergent neuronal responses to C fibres emanating from the hindpaw extremity. The threshold for obtaining inhibition of the neuronal responses ranged between 40 and 44 degrees C and there was a highly significant correlation between noxious temperatures (44-52 degrees C) and the degree of inhibition. These data provide support for the notion of an involvement of inhibitory processes (DNIC) in the signalling of pain by convergent neurones. PMID- 7317790 TI - Identification of the D-1 dopamine receptor subunit in rat striatum after photoaffinity labeling. AB - When rat striatal membranes, photolabeled with [3H]dopamine under assay conditions similar to those used for dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase, were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, several radioactively labeled bands appeared. Labeling of these bands was reduced in the presence of non-radioactive dopamine during photolysis, but was unaffected by the presence of sulpiride. Haloperidol preferentially reduced the labeling of the main band which had a molecular weight of about 57,000 rather than the other weakly labeled bands. Labeling of this 57,000 dalton protein was not apparent when rat cerebellar membranes were used and was markedly eliminated by kainic acid-induced lesions that destroyed the intrastriatal nerve cell bodies. These results indicate that this 57,000 dalton protein is the binding subunit of the D 1 dopamine receptor. PMID- 7317789 TI - Localization of brain stem motoneurons innervating the laryngeal muscles in the rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi. AB - The motoneurons innervating the laryngeal muscles were localized in the rufous horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, using the HRP method. HRP was applied to the cricothyroid muscle and to the cut end of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Labeled motoneurons were found in two completely separated regions of the nucleus ambiguus. The motoneurons innervating the cricothyroid muscle via the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) are located within the ventrolateral portion of the nucleus reaching the caudal pole of the motor nucleus of the facial nerve. The motoneurons innervating the other intrinsic laryngeal muscles via the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) are situated in the caudal half of the nucleus ambiguus. The innervation is strictly homolateral. PMID- 7317791 TI - Anatomy of respiratory rhythmic systems in brain stem and cerebellum of the carp. AB - The afferent and efferent connections of two respiratory rhythmic loci in the dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum were studied by retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The injection areas were determined with extracellular activity recording using HRP filled glass micropipettes, and then followed by electrical stimulation and subsequent iontophoretic HRP delivery. One area in the nucleus of the posterior commissure was found to be optic related respiratory in nature and possessed afferents from optic tectum, pretectal nuclei, preoptic nucleus and the bulbar reticular formation. An extensive set of efferents is present to the torus longitudinalis, nucleus rotundus, corpus cerebelli and the various levels of the reticular formation. The second respiratory rhythmic area was localized in the vicinity of the oculomotor nuclei. This area receives afferent information from corpus cerebelli, vestibular nucleus and reticular formation, and has efferent connections to corpus cerebelli, preoptic nucleus and a major projection to the various parts of the reticular formation. Stimulation of both areas resulted in respiratory movements of the lower jaw and the opercula. Several injections in the corpus cerebelli resulted in retrograde labeling in the nucleus of the posterior commissure, which suggests the involvement of cerebellar circuits in optic related respiratory reflexes. PMID- 7317792 TI - Increasing intensities of wide band noise increase [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in gerbil central auditory structures. AB - The [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) technique has been used to map the effects of increasing intensities of wide band noise on 2DG uptake in mongolian gerbil brain auditory structures. Animals were injected with [14C]2DG and exposed to silence or continuous wide band noise at 25 dB, 45 dB, 65 dB, 85 dB or 105 dB SPL. Brains were removed, frozen-sectioned and autoradiographed on X-ray film. The ratio of the optical density of gray matter structures to the optical density of cerebellar peduncles in each animal was used to semiquantitate the results. The dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, superior olive/trapezoid body, inferior colliculus, and the dorsal and ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus all showed increases in 2DG uptake during exposure to wide band noise (WBN). As noise intensity increased from 0 to 105 dB SPL, 2DG uptake increased regularly to a maximum at 85 or 105 dB SPL. As WBN intensity increased, deeper layers of inferior colliculus were activated. The medial geniculate nucleus and auditory cortex showed a lesser increase in 2DG uptake during noise exposure. Non-auditory structures, including the cerebellar cortex and the medullary reticular nuclei, showed no increase in 2DG uptake during noise exposure at any intensity tested. PMID- 7317793 TI - Synaptic basis of orbital cortically induced rhythmical masticatory activity of trigeminal motoneurons in immobilized cats. AB - Synaptic basis of the centrally induced masticatory rhythm was studied by intracellular recording from jaw closer and opener motoneurons during repetitive stimulation of the orbital gyrus (OG) of the encephale isole of immobilized cats, with the following results. (1) Repetitive OG stimulation induced a rhythmical alternation of hyperpolarizing and depolarizing potentials in jaw closer motoneurons. Rhythmical efferent burst discharges induced in the digastric nerve by OG stimulation coincided with the hyperpolarizing phase. The hyperpolarizing potential was reversed to a depolarizing potential by intracellular Cl- injection, while the depolarizing potential was not reversed to hyperpolarization, indicating that the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing potentials consisted at least mainly of IPSPs and EPSPs, respectively. (2) Repetitive OG stimulation induced rhythmical depolarizing potentials superimposed by spike bursts in jaw opener motoneurons, corresponding in time with the rhythmical efferent bursts in the digastric nerve. Synaptic activation noise was increased coincidentally with the depolarizing potential, indicating that EPSPs were involved in the generation of the depolarizing potential. No or little hyperpolarization if any was observed between successive depolarizing potentials. (3) Repetitive OG stimulation induced efferent burst discharges in the digastric nerve with the masticatory rhythm unaccompanied by any spike potential in the supratrigeminal neurons responsible for peripherally evoked inhibition of jaw closer motoneurons, indicating that the peripheral inhibitory mechanisms do not play an essential role in the central generation of the masticatory rhythm by OG stimulation. PMID- 7317794 TI - Cholinergic neurons in the caudate-putamen complex proper are intrinsically organized: a combined Evans blue and acetylcholinesterase analysis. AB - In an attempt to determine whether or not acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing neurons of the caudate-putamen proper were the source of striatal efferent fibers, we infused Evans Blue, a retrogradely transported fluorescent label, into the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, or retrorubral area. Following microscopic analysis of the striatum for Evans Blue-labelled somata, the same brain sections were processed for AChE according to the pharmacohistochemical regimen and, after additional microscopic evaluation, were counterstained with cresyl violet. Histology for Nissl substance revealed that the areal density of cell bodies in the caudate-putamen complex proper was about 1510 somata/mm2. Striatal neurons labelled with Evans Blue, those considered to be projection cells, were medium-sized (approximate minor and major dimensions: 11 X 14 microns), had a density of roughly 833 cells/mm2, and were predominantly oval with lesser proportions being fusiform, triangular, or round. Each of the target structures received input from approximately 55% (range = 26-78%) of the total population of striatal neurons in regions where the projection cellsions: 11 X 14 microns), had a density of roughly 833 cells/mm2, and were predominantly oval with lesser proportions being fusiform, triangular, or round. Each of the target structures received input from approximately 55% (range = 26-78%) of the total population of striatal neurons in regions where the projection cellsions: 11 X 14 microns), had a density of roughly 833 cells/mm2, and were predominantly oval with lesser proportions being fusiform, triangular, or round. Each of the target structures received input from approximately 55% (range = 26-78%) of the total population of striatal neurons in regions where the projection cells were located. The two types of AChE-containing somata in the caudate-putamen complex proper--the medium-sized, lightly staining Type A and the large, intensely staining Type B cell--had densities of 14 and 15 somata/mm2, respectively. None of the AChE neurons contained Evans Blue, indicating that they were not the source of striatal efferent fibers but rather interneurons that could be categorized best as the aspiny or sparsely spined cells described in Golgi studies. PMID- 7317795 TI - The morphology of murine cerebral ventriculosubarachnoid space I. Light microscopy. PMID- 7317796 TI - Cortical blood vessels of the human brain. AB - The study is divided into two parts. (a) Superficial or pial vessels: Arterioles and venules at the gyrus surface as well as their mode of penetration into or emergence from nervous tissue is described. The absence of pial capillaries is noted. Arterial and venous anastomoses are described whereas arteriovenous anastomoses were not encountered. In particular, the relationship of superficial vessels to the arachnoid was studied. (b) Intracortical vessels: Arteries and veins were divided into 5 groups according to their degree of cortical penetration. Considering its density, the vascular network of the cortex was divided into 4 vascular layers. A correlation between these layers and the cellular layers was established. Problems in distinguishing between arteries and veins, the geometric disposition of cortical vessels, different types of anastomoses and particular vascular features whose significance remains unclear, are discussed. PMID- 7317797 TI - Frontolateral hypothalamic knife cuts: interruption of paraventricular efferents to the thoracolumbar cord. AB - Bilateral thoracolumbar cord injections of the fluorescent tracer bisbenzimide produced extensive retrograde labelling of cell bodies in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Unilateral retrochiasmatic knife cuts (1.5 mm radius) located anterolateral to the paraventricular nucleus dramatically reduced or eliminated the labelling of paraventricular neurons on the ipsilateral side following bilateral bisbenzimide injections into the thoracolumbar cord. Thus paraventricular efferents to the thoracolumbar cord must project in a lateral direction at the level of the nucleus prior to descending toward the spinal cord. Changes in endocrine function, reproductive and feeding behavior reported following similar hypothalamic knife cuts may be related to this efferent system. PMID- 7317798 TI - Aging of tuberoinfundibular (A-12) dopamine neurons in the C57Bl/6N male mouse. AB - C57Bl/6N male mice at 4, 12, 20, and 28 months of age were processed for formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, and tuberoinfundibular dopamine (A-12) neurons were examined for qualitative, age-related changes. A-12 perikarya were weakly fluorescent at all ages studied. In mice of 4 and 12 months of age, A-12 terminals formed a brightly fluorescent band that filled the external zone of the median eminence. The zone of A-12 terminal fluorescence within the median eminence was less extensive and reduced in fluorescence intensity in 20-month old mice; in 28-month old mice, only a thin rim of fluorescence remained at the ventral edge of the median eminence. The drop in fluorescence intensity of A-12 terminals within the median eminence of the aged C57Bl/6N male mouse paralleled the decrease in A-12 terminal fluorescence previously reported for the Fischer 344 male rat [26]; however, mouse A-12 perikarya did not exhibit the dramatic increase in fluorescence intensity seen in the rat. The possibility that the divergent aging patterns exhibited in A-12 neurons of these two species might be related to differential resilience of their reproductive axes is discussed. PMID- 7317799 TI - Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of lymphoid tissue in the rabbit appendix: further evidence for a link between the nervous and immune systems. AB - The rabbit appendix, a region of gut with well organized zones of lymphoid tissue, was examined with the glyoxylic acid histofluorescence technique for the localization of noradrenergic fibers, with high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC) for the quantitation of norepinephrine and serotonin, with Bielshowski and Giemsa stains for additional information about neural supply, and with acetylcholinesterase histochemistry for the localization of this hydrolytic enzyme. Fluorescent plexuses entered the serosal surface of the appendix associated with blood vessels, traveled longitudinally inside the muscularis interna, mainly in association with blood vessels but adjacent to enteric smooth muscle, and branched into long, linear, varicose plexuses that ran inward in a radial orientation towards the lumen in the internodular septa. As these fibers approached the interdomal regions near the epithelial surface, they passed through thymus-dependent cell zones, and arborized extensively throughout the interdomal region. A high density of varicosities was found in the subepithelial region where immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells are found. These varicosities were sparse at 21 days of age, but were increased in number at 42 days of age. They were even further increased in number and density in adults. These fibers were further identified with a Bielshowski silver stain, and also demonstrated acetylcholinesterase activity. The noradrenergic varicosities in the interdomal regions of the adult rabbit appendix were closely associated with numerous yellow fluorescent cells of 25-40 microns diameter, which sometimes demonstrated fine varicose processes. The adult rabbit appendix contained a moderate concentration of norepinephrine (163.0 +/- 22.9 ng/g wet weight) and a very high concentration of serotonin (3981 +/- 283 ng/g wet weight). Levels in neonates were considerably lower, suggesting that the yellow fluorescent cells may contain serotonin. Acetylcholinesterase was associated with neural fibers and with non-neural regions of the lymph nodules and the domes, perhaps playing a protective role for these regions of the cellular immune system. The rabbit appendix is a well organized region of lymphoid tissue with specific zones of noradrenergic innervation and possible "paraneuronal" activity, with a readily accessible lumen for the isolation and collections of secretions. We propose this model as an excellent structure for further exploration of interactions between the nervous and immune systems. PMID- 7317800 TI - [Epidemiologic importance of hepatitis B antigen carrier state (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317802 TI - [Concerning the problem of arterial hypertension in university students in Bratislava (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317801 TI - [Cystine aminopeptidase (oxytocinase) in physiological and pathological pregnancy and its value in establishing prognosis of the fetus at risk (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317803 TI - [Tienilic acid in the treatment of hyperuricemia syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317804 TI - [Analysis of operations and indications in children and adolescents in the course of 44 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317805 TI - [Analysis of operations performed at the 2nd Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Bratislava over the years 1954-1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317806 TI - [Diagnostic value of scintiscan in chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317807 TI - [Pyrantel pamoat--an effective medicine against enterobiosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317808 TI - [Fetal hydantoin syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317809 TI - Water consumption and the effects of water restriction on performance of broilers in the tropics. AB - 1. The water requirements of broilers in a hot, humid tropical environment were measured and the effects of four forms of water restriction were investigated over 9 weeks. 2. Voluntary water intake was 10 1 over 9 weeks, about 4.3 1 being consumed during the last 2 weeks. 3. Various degrees and methods of water restriction adversely affected body weight and food conversion throughout the growing period. Food intake was depressed only during the last 4 weeks. High mortality in the restricted birds was due mainly to drowning and heat stress. PMID- 7317810 TI - Susceptibility of various poultry species to dietary aflatoxin. AB - 1. The relative sensitivities of broiler chicks, White Leghorn chicks, quail chicks, goslings and turkey poults to increasing dietary contents of aflatoxin from 1 to 21 d of age were determined. Aflatoxin was included in the diets at three concentrations (0.7, 1.4 and 2.1 mg aflatoxin B1 equivalents/kg). 2. Data were analysed for species differences in food consumption, body weight, food utilisation, mortality and liver pathology. 3. There were no significant effects of aflatoxin in broiler and Leghorn chicks. Aflatoxin at 0.7 mg/kg decreased the body weight of turkey poults but tended to increase the growth rate of goslings. At 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg food consumption, body weight and weight gain of goslings were adversely affected. 4. Liver damage occurred in goslings and quail chicks at all inclusions of aflatoxin and was extensive at 2.1 mg/kg. 5. Poults and goslings appeared to be the most sensitive, quail were intermediate and domestic chicks were most resistant. PMID- 7317811 TI - Thyroid function in relation to trimethylamine oxidation in immature domestic fowl fed on rapeseed meal. AB - 1. Two groups of 12-week-old female chicks were selected for their ability to oxidise 14C-trimethylamine (TMA) after being fed on a diet containing 100 g high glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM)/kg for 14 d. A third group (control) was fed on a rapeseed-free diet. Measurements of thyroid activity and hepatic TMA activity were made after a further week on the diets. 2. After feeding RSM, hepatic TMA oxidase oxidase was very low (P less than 0.001) in one group (sensitive) but was unaffected in the other group (resistant). Thyroid size was increased in both groups receiving RSM but was larger (P less than 0.001) in sensitive birds. 3. Plasma half life of thyroxine (T4) and its metabolite clearance rate were not affected by feeding RSM; thyroidal secretion was reduced (P less than 0.05) to the same extent in both groups. 4. Plasma concentration of triiodothyronine was decreased in both groups after feeding RSM (P less than 0.05); plasma T4 concentration was increased (P less than 0.05) only in sensitive birds. 5. The results indicate that the short-term depression of TMA oxidation in birds sensitive to RSM is not mediated by the thyroid. PMID- 7317812 TI - The effect of continuous aeration on the fertility of fowl and turkey semen stored above 0 degrees C. AB - 1. Fowl and turkey spermatozoa were found to utilise oxygen when stored in tubes at 5 and 10 degrees C respectively; the storage medium becoming rapidly anaerobic. 2. This aerobic metabolism was encouraged by continuous introduction of air into the semen during storage. 3. Fertility of turkey semen stored at 10 degrees C for 24 h in diluent containing glucose was increased 2.4-fold by simple aeration and reached 99% of that achieved with fresh semen. 4. Fertilities of greater than 90% were also achieved with fowl semen stored for 48 h at 5 degrees C in a diluent with or without glucose. The increased fertility on aeration was greater (2.2-fold) with fowl semen stored in the absence of glucose. PMID- 7317814 TI - Inhibition of bacterial D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase by substrates and substrate analogues. AB - D-3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (Pseudomonas lemoignei, EC 1.1.1.30) is subject to substrate inhibition by acetoacetate at concentrations above 5 mM but not by D 3-hydroxybutyrate at concentrations up to 50 mM. NADH causes substrate inhibition at concentrations over 0.1 mM as does NAD. Kinetic analysis suggests that substrate inhibition by acetoacetate is due to its binding to enzyme lacking NADH, a consequence of the ordered bibi mechanism. Substrate inhibition by NADH and NAD arises from binding of these species to a secondary site. This is confirmed by kinetics which indicate that ADP and ATP compete with NAD and NADH at both sites. New analogues of acetoacetate were synthesized to test the specificity requirements of the acetoacetate binding site which has been proposed to contain a hydrogen bond donor and a cation spaced to receive acetoacetate. Both dimethoxyphosphinylacetate and methyl 2-methoxy-phosphinylacetate fulfill the structural requirements and are effective. They thus join methyl acetonylphosphonate as the only known competitive inhibitors for the acetoacetate site, confirming the proposed structure. PMID- 7317815 TI - Quantitative analysis of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - A detailed quantitative study of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in logarithmically growing Chinese hamster ovary cells has been performed. Direct measurements of the ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pool sizes have been made, and the pathways and rates of metabolism of adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, guanosine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyguanosine and of uridine, cytidine, deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine have been determined. PMID- 7317813 TI - Aspects of metabolism related to the occurrence of skin lesions in biotin deficient chicks. AB - 1. Chicks were fed on biotin-deficient low- and high-protein diets supplemented with increasing concentrations of biotin. 2. Biotin deficiency decreased hepatic activity of pyruvate carboxylase [EC 6.4.1.1] but activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase [EC 6.4.1.2] was comparatively unaffected. 3. Increasing dietary protein increased the severity of biotin deficiency as assessed by skin lesions and decreased plasma biotin concentrations. 4. The severity of the skin lesions over all the treatments was most closely related to plasma biotin concentration. PMID- 7317816 TI - The acylation of 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine by glial and neuronal nuclei and derived neuronal nuclear envelopes: a comparison of nuclear and microsomal membranes. AB - A neuronal nuclear fraction (N1), a glial nuclear fraction (N2) and a fraction containing microsomal membranes (P3) were isolated from homogenates of cerebral cortices of 15-day-old rabbits. A nuclear envelope fraction (E) was prepared from fraction N1. In comparison with the parent fraction N1, fraction E had a much lower yield of protein (0.077 mg/g cerebral cortex), a low specific DNA content, an eightfold higher specific phospholipid content (0.85 mumol phospholipid phosphate/mg protein) and a very similar phospholipid distribution profile. Using 100, 50, and 25 microM 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (labelled with [3H]palmitate) and 100 microM oleoyl CoA, the activity of acyl-CoA:1-acyl-sn glycero-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase was studied in vitro. Fractions N1 and N2 had specific activities which were two to three times the specific activities shown for fraction P3. Fraction E was particularly enriched in this acylation activity and had specific activities which were 6 times those of fraction N1 and 11-19 times those of fraction P3. The existence of nuclear acyl CoA:1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine acyltransferase activity was indicated as was a particularly high concentration of this enzyme within the nuclear envelope. In assays of lysolecithin-lysolecithin transacylase activities, fraction N2 (glial nuclei) showed the highest specific activities, being three to four times those of fractions N1 or P3. This transacylase activity (N2) was as high as 40% of the corresponding acyltransferase activity measured in this fraction using oleoyl CoA as acyl donor. PMID- 7317817 TI - An investigation of the destruction of the beta-lactam ring of penems by the albumin drug-binding site. AB - The plasma proteins have been reported to exert irreversible effects on some beta lactams. The penems represent a class of antibiotics of great interest due to their wide spectrum of activity. However, many compounds of this class were found to be unstable in rat serum. A prototype compound, (+/-)-2-methylpenem-3 carboxylic acid (BCL-98), was selected for detailed investigations. The capacity of penems to inhibit the destruction of a chromogenic beta-lactam (BCL-604) by serum was the technique selected to study the interaction of BCL-98 with serum proteins at the specific destructive site. The serum of various species was investigated and the magnitude of BCL-604 destruction was in the following order: rat = human greater than dog greater than mice. The human plasma proteins were fractionated on a Sephadex column and the fractions tested individually. The albumin fraction was found to be entirely responsible for the destruction, the globulin fractions being completely inactive. The reaction of Ellman's reagent with serum as not diminished in the presence of the BCL-98, thus demonstrating that the sulfhydryl group of albumin is not involved in this binding. Displacement of a fluorescent probe (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide) by BCL-98 showed that the binding site for the latter is the same as the one occupied by L-tryptophan and thus involves the epsilon-lysine amino group of the albumin binding site. The exact nature of this binding is not yet established, but it can be inferred that it may involve acylation of the epsilon-lysine group at the binding site. Some analogs of BCL-98 were also investigated. The basic functionality seems to protect the molecule from the destructive site of the albumin, probably because this substituent induces binding at another nondestructive site resulting in a prolonged half-life in the blood. PMID- 7317818 TI - Determination of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates using DNA polymerase: a critical evaluation. AB - There are more than twenty appreciably different deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate assays using DNA polymerase in the literature. Therefore, each aspect of this method has been critically evaluated, including the purity of the substrates and of DNA polymerase, the reaction conditions, product isolation, and the effect of cell extracts on the assay. The final method uses a phosphatase-free DNA polymerase preparation, 2'-dAMP to inhibit the 3' leads to 5' exonuclease of DNA polymerase I, and includes a correction of both the background incorporation and the sample incorporation for dilution of the specific activity of the radioactive precursor by the sample. The sensitivity, range, accuracy, and reproducibility are reported as well as values for the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate content of Chinese hamster ovary K-1 cells. PMID- 7317819 TI - Activation and inactivation of acetylcholinesterase by metal ions. AB - The kinetic consequences of acetylcholinesterase peripheral site occupation by metal ions were examined using three substrates; acetylthiocholine, p nitrophenylacetate, and 7-(dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-N-methylquinolinium iodide. Two classes of metal ion effects were noted: activation by a group including Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Na+, and inactivation by a second group which to date includes Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+. Activation is demonstrable only in solutions of low ionic strength whereas inactivation can be readily observed in solutions of both low and high ionic strength. Activation appears to be due to a combination of metal ion binding and ionic strength effects and involves binding to peripheral sites which are distinct from those which bind organic cationic activators such as gallamine, propidium, and 7-(dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-N methylquinolinium. The principal activating effect is on the deacylation phase of the enzyme-substrate reaction. Inactivators effect a slow conversion of the enzyme to an unreactive form. The kinetics of inactivation are biphasic at low ionic strength but become essentially monophasic at high ionic strength. More than 80% of the enzyme activity can be recovered upon addition of EDTA provided the chelating agent is added immediately following completion of the inactivation process. Prolonged exposure to inactivators results in a progressive decrease in the amount of recoverable activity, Although peripheral ligand interactions may result in a variety of catalytic site conformations, the macroscopic properties can be accounted for in terms of three ligand-dependent states of the enzyme in which catalytic ability (actual or potential) is retained, and a fourth denatured state. PMID- 7317820 TI - Modulation of acylglycerol synthetase activities of rat intestinal mucosa by homogenization and sonication. AB - Diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol synthesis was compared in intact villus cells and in their homogenates and sonicates using 2-monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids as substrates along with appropriate cofactors. It was found that simple pestle homogenization of cells led to an apparent loss of 80-90% in the triacylglycerol and 40-fold increase in the diacylglycerol synthetase activity. Sonication of the homogenate resulted in reestablishing the normal activity of cellular triacylglycerol synthesis (12 +/- 1 nmol . mg protein-1 . h-1) but the diacylglycerol biosynthesis further increased (to a maximum of 70 +/- 5 nmol . mg protein-1 . h-1). Preincubation with trypsin and postincubation treatment with pancreatic lipase indicated that different enzymes are involved in diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis from 2-monoacylglycerols and that these enzymes become segregated during homogenization. It is concluded that a triacylglycerol synthetase system utilizing 2-monoacylglycerols can be reassembled upon sonication. PMID- 7317821 TI - Mg2+ and Mn2+ effects on membrane-bound and detergent-solubilized adenylate cyclase. AB - Mg2+ and Mn2+ stimulation of basal, F-, and guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (GPP(NH)P) stimulated adenylate cyclase in particulate and detergent-solubilized preparations of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and erythrocytes was examined. Solubilization decreased the concentrations of Mg2+ required for half-maximal velocity and for saturation. Concentrations of Mn2+ required for saturation and for half-maximal velocity of particulate preparations was much lower than for Mg2+ and these values were not markedly reduced by solubilization. Particulate and soluble preparations were similarly stimulated by NaF and GPP(NH)P. Activation of the heart and skeletal muscle enzyme by NaF and GPP(NH)P greatly reduced the Mg2+ requirement; this was seen with both particulate and solubilized preparations. It is suggested that solubilization removes Mg2+ action at a regulatory site; MgATP and MnATP are both effective at the catalytic site, the latter producing higher Vmax. PMID- 7317822 TI - A new graphical rule for rate laws of enzyme reactions with branched pathways. AB - A new graphical rule is presented for deriving the rate equations of enzyme reactions. The new rule has the following advantages: (i) it is very effective in simplifying the calculations for complex mechanisms, especially for those with branched pathways; (ii) a significant and intuitive correlation between the rule and the mechanism is established through the product-releasing cycle and product combining cycle. PMID- 7317823 TI - Regulation of enzyme activity in the hibernator. A kinetic and spectroscopic study of muscle pyruvate kinase from the Arctic ground squirrel. AB - Pyruvate kinase skeletal muscle of the Arctic ground squirrel was purified to homogeneity. The purified enzyme variants from the summer-active and winter hibernating squirrel appear to be identical with a near-neutral pI of 6.9 and a molecular weight of 234,000 as determined by gel filtration chromatography on Bio Gel A-0.5m. Evidence for subunit interaction during inhibition by L-phenylalanine is demonstrated with ultraviolet derivative spectroscopy. A model for this interaction and its importance for a regulatory role are discussed. The absence of a temperature break in the Arrhenius plot for the pyruvate kinase reaction, the kinetic and physical data, and the near-neutral pI, suggest an amino acid composition that conserves the overall geometry and resultant kinetic behavior which render regulation of the enzyme insensitive to temperature. PMID- 7317824 TI - Analysis of chromosome movement in crane fly spermatocytes by ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of individual chromosomal spindle fibres. I. General results. PMID- 7317825 TI - Analysis of chromosome movement in crane fly spermatocytes by ultraviolet microbeam irradiation of individual chromosomal spindle fibres. II. Action spectra for stopping chromosome movement and for blocking ciliary beating and myofibril contractions. AB - Chromosome-to-pole movement in crane fly spermatocytes was temporarily blocked by ultraviolet light focussed to a 4-micrometer-diameter spot on single chromosomal spindle fibres. Since similar irradiation of the interzonal region did not alter chromosome-to-pole movement, this effect was specific to spindle fibres. The action spectrum for blocking chromosome movement in this specific way had two peaks, one at 270 nm and one at 290 nm. To block movement, irradiations with 280 nm-wavelength light required two to four times more energy than irradiations with 270- or 290-nm-wavelength light. Action spectra were obtained for blocking ciliary beating and for blocking myofibril contraction. The action spectrum for blocking ciliary beating had a broad peak, between 260 nm and 280 nm, whilst that for blocking myofibril contraction had two peaks, at 270 and 290 nm, just like that for blocking chromosome movement. We discuss the similarities and differences in the various action spectra, and we compare the action spectra to absorption spectra of spindle components and to other action spectra (e.g., that for depolymerizing actin-containing filaments). Absorption spectra were obtained for ultraviolet light passing through spindle fibres as well as for ultraviolet light passing through the interzone. PMID- 7317826 TI - Enzyme induction and hepatic glycerolipid synthesis in rats treated with 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - Fasting male rats fed 3-methylcholanthrene in a daily dose of 40 mg . kg body weight-1 gave evidence of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction after 3 days through significantly increased hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, cytochrome P448 content, and characteristic changes in microsomal proteins analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Concomitantly, activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and microsomal gamma glutamyltransferase, which are increased in phenobarbital-treated rats, significantly declined. In contrast to phenobarbital, which has been previously shown to increase hepatic triacylglycerol content and in vitro glycerolipid synthesis, 3-methylcholanthrene did not affect hepatic triacylglycerol content, but did inhibit glycerolipid synthesis by cell-free preparations of rat liver and significantly reduced serum triacylglycerol concentration. Thus, the two prototypical drugs inducing characteristically different changes in microsomal enzyme and hemoprotein response also seem to differ in their effect upon another important microsomal function, hepatic glycerolipid synthesis. PMID- 7317827 TI - The influence of altered thyroid hormone levels on guinea pig cardiac adrenoceptors and histamine receptors. PMID- 7317828 TI - The effect of age on the unfolding of elastin lamellae and collagen fibers with stretch in human carotid arteries. AB - We measured folding of elastin lamellae and collagen fibers in human carotid arteries and correlated the results with the elastic properties of the vessels. Specimens cut into circumferential strips were stretched to various degrees, fixed, and stained for elastin and collagen. Folding was measured on photographic projections. Elastin lamellae unfolded quickly with initial stretch. In old vessels they did not straighten as much as in the young suggesting that the content of the interlamellar space may interfere with the unfolding. Collagen fibers straightened more during stretch in stiffer older vessels than in the young, already at low degrees of stretch. Young's modulus at extension of 5% appeared to correlate with unfolding of elastin lamellae in young extensible vessels. The modulus correlated significantly with unfolding of collagen fibers at extensions of 15% and greater, and the slope of the regression of the modulus on folding increased with stretch. Our findings provide for the first time morphologic evidence for the role of elastin lamellae in the determination of the elastic properties at low extensions, for the importance of collagen fibers in increasing stiffness with further stretch, and for the relationship between increased stiffness with age and the earlier recruitment of the collagen fibers. PMID- 7317829 TI - Relative sensitivity of the canine sinus node and atrioventricular node to acetylcholine. PMID- 7317830 TI - Steady state glucose kinetics and their relation to plasma glucose concentration in the premature and full term neonatal piglet. AB - Steady state glucose kinetics were measured in 19 premature and 16 full-term piglets. Bodyweight, plasma glucose concentration, total body glucose turnover rate, and glucose pool size were not significantly different between the two groups. This suggests that the premature piglet is capable of maintaining glucose homeostasis during the first 24 h of life. Although there appeared to be a correlation between glucose turnover and plasma glucose concentration, analysis of covariance showed that it was spurious, suggesting that glucose utilization proceeds independently of the glucose concentration in plasma. Glucose turnover rate in the premature piglet is closely comparable with that reported in the premature human infant. These findings encourage the use of the neonatal piglet as an animal model for the study of the problems of the neonatal human. PMID- 7317835 TI - Commissural potentiation of perforant path evoked responses in the dentate gyrus of the rat. AB - The effects of conditioning stimuli applied to the commissural pathway on the perforant path (PP) evoked EPSP and population spike response were examined in urethane anaesthetized rats. Whereas conditioning stimuli applied to the PP resulted in a short-term potentiation of both the EPSP and population spike evoked by a test pulse to the same pathway (homosynaptic potentiation), only the population spike was potential when the PP test pulse was preceded by a conditioning volley to the commissural afferent. This form of heterosynaptic potentiation, which occurs in the absence of any significant change in the synaptic currents generated by the perforant path, suggests that alterations in postsynaptic excitability may underly the process of short-term potentiation rather than an augmented transmitter release. PMID- 7317831 TI - Tetrodotoxin-resistant release of ATP from guinea-pig taenia coli and vas deferens during electrical field stimulation in the presence of luciferin luciferase. PMID- 7317833 TI - Phenothiazines inhibit adenosine uptake by rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 7317834 TI - The vascular sensitizing character of plasma from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of plasma from spontaneously hypertensive rats (systolic blood pressure (SBP) = 183 torr; 1 torr = 133.322 Pa) on the contractile properties of aortic strips from normotensive rats. While incubated in plasma from spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, the aortic strips of normotensive rats exhibited hyperresponsiveness to norepinephrine (NE) compared with those incubated in plasma obtained from Wistar-Kyoto (SBP = 128 torr) or Sprague - Dawley (SBP = 110 torr) rats. The washout of plasma and perfusion of the aortic strips with Krebs bicarbonate solution abolished the effect of SH plasma on the reactivity to NE but not potassium, suggesting a residual hypersensitivity. The comparison of these findings with results obtained for contractions of aortic strips in Krebs bicarbonate solution containing high and low levels of calcium indicated the effect of SH plasma on vascular tissue sensitivity was not directly related to an alteration in plasma levels of calcium. PMID- 7317832 TI - Adrenergic activity in arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7317836 TI - Lethal factor in the male mouse submandibular gland. AB - The presence of a toxic component (lethal factor) has been reported in the male mouse submandibular gland (SMG). This study was designed to clarify whether the toxic component was secreted into saliva or not and to investigate some characteristics of the component. Not only SMG extract but also phenylephrine induced saliva from male mice was highly toxic to guinea pigs, rats, hamsters, and mice. The toxic activity of the saliva was found in all strains of male mice examined. In female mice, the toxic activity was extremely low. One of the toxic components in the saliva was purified by isoelectric focusing and DEAE Sephadex A 50 chromatography and identified with a kallikrein-like enzyme. The activity of the enzyme markedly increased in saliva secreted to alpha-adrenergic agents but not to beta-adrenergic or cholinergic agents. These results indicate that the lethal factor in the male mouse SMG is an exocrine protein with Kallikrein activity and its secretion into saliva is controlled through alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 7317837 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on sleep and nighttime plasma growth hormone and cortisol levels. AB - The acute and chronic effects of phenobarbital and phenobarbital withdrawal on sleep patterns and on plasma growth hormone (GH) and cortisol fluctuations occurring during sleep were studied. Before bed, five healthy men, aged 21 to 25, were given a placebo on three baseline nights, phenobarbital (100 mg p.o.) for nine nights, and a placebo on a final withdrawal night. Beginning on the third of three consecutive nights in the laboratory, all-night polygraphic sleep recordings and blood samples (obtained every 20 min through indwelling venous cannulae) were collected for the placebo, acute phenobarbital, chronic phenobarbital, and phenobarbital withdrawal conditions. Blood phenobarbital levels ranged between 5 to 9 micrograms/100 mL across all hours of the chronic drug night. At this low sedative dose, latency to sleep onset and stage 4 sleep were significantly reduced in the chronic drug condition, but REM sleep was not significantly reduced. No significant sleep change was observed on the withdrawal night. Both peak GH level and total integrated GH across the night were unaffected by the acute, chronic, and withdrawal conditions. The pattern of GH release appeared to be altered on the phenobarbital and phenobarbital withdrawal nights as compared with placebo. Nighttime plasma cortisol levels were not significantly altered by any experimental condition. PMID- 7317838 TI - Central and peripheral adaptations of the gas transport system to one-leg training. PMID- 7317839 TI - Effects of porphyrin-inducing drugs on ferrochelatase activity in isolated mouse hepatocytes. AB - The effects of several concentrations of griseofulvin and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (DDC) on ferrochelatase activity in suspensions of isolated mouse hepatocytes were examined. In agreement with previous findings in the intact chick embryo liver and chick embryo liver cell culture, DDC, but not griseofulvin, inhibited the enzyme in the isolated mouse hepatocyte suspension. These results indicate that the difference between the effects of griseofulvin on hepatic ferrochelatase in rodents in vivo (inhibition), the intact chick embryo (no effect), and the chick embryo liver cell culture (no effect) cannot be attributed solely to species differences. PMID- 7317840 TI - Dual influence of hydralazine on constrictor response to noradrenaline in isolated arterial smooth muscle. AB - The effects of hydralazine (Hyd) on vascular smooth muscle contractile response to alpha-receptor stimulation by exogeneous and endogenous noradrenaline (NA) in the absence and presence of Mg2+ (1.2 mM) were examined using a proximal segment of rabbit's ear artery. Intraluminal perfusion with Hyd (2 x 10(-4) M) in normal Krebs bicarbonate mediuim inhibited the NA-induced contraction only in the presence of Mg2+ (1.2 mM) in the medium. The extraluminal superfusion of the artery with Hyd (2 x 10(-4) M) enhanced the vasoconstriction to extraluminally superfused NA in either the presence or absence of Mg2+ in the medium. However, when the artery was preincubated with an adrenergic neuron blocker, guanethidine (3.2 x 10(-6) M), Hyd (2 x 10(-4) M) inhibited NA-induced vasoconstriction. Contrary to the effects of Hyd on intraluminal NA, Hyd potentiated the response of this superfused artery to electrical stimulation in the presence of Mg2+ (1.2 mM) whereas in the Mg2+-free medium, it inhibited the constriction. These findings suggest that Hyd may have dual effects on isolated vascular smooth muscle by directly inhibiting the contractile activation and indirectly by an interference at adrenergic nerves, which potentiates the effects of exogenous NA and(or) alters the release of endogenous NA. PMID- 7317841 TI - A problem associated with the measurement of ketone body kinetics in vivo. PMID- 7317842 TI - On the stability of Innovar, a neuroleptic analgesic, for cardiovascular experiments. AB - The effects of 0.2 and 0.5 mL/kg Innovar (a neuroleptic analgesic) on cardiovascular functions and reflexes in rabbits were measured. We recorded the effects of Innovar on arterial pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, ventricular contractility, arterial oxygen tension, as well as the drug's effects on the bradycardia and vasoconstrictor response to cigarette smoke stimulation of the nose (the so-called "nasopharyngeal reflex"). In animals given 0.2 mL/kg Innovar, all steady state cardiovascular variables had returned to pre-Innovar levels in 45 min, as had the efficacy of the nasopharyngeal reflex. In animals given 0.5 mL/kg Innovar, all steady state cardiovascular variables, except PaO2, were slightly but significantly depressed for up to 135 min after injection. The nasopharyngeal reflex returned to normal within 90 min. Because of the calmative and analgesic effects of Innovar, and its only moderate effects on cardiovascular functions and reflexes, we feel it is a suitable analgesic agent for cardiovascular experiments where neither fully conscious nor surgically anesthetized animals can be used. PMID- 7317843 TI - Effect of disopyramide and disobutamide on conduction in perfused rabbit hearts. AB - The effects of disopyramide (DP) and a new antiarrhythmic agent, disobutamide (DB) on cardiac conduction were studied using His bundle recording from modified rabbit Langendorff preparations electrically driven at 3 and 4 Hz. Both disopyramide (4-16 microgram/mL) and disobutamide (1-30 microgram/ml) showed conduction throughout the atrioventricular conduction system, i.e., SA, AH, and HV intervals were increased in a dose-related manner. Conversion of the conduction time changes to percent changes indicates that disobutamide had a relatively equal effect on each part of the system whereas disopyramide exhibited significantly less effect on AV nodal conduction. Slowing of conduction in the AV node by DP was clearly related to rate. Changes in SA and HV intervals were rate related to a lesser degree. No such rate-related effect was evident with disobutamide. Block of arterial conduction occurred in two out of six hearts when the rate was increased 8 microgram/mL of DP and in three additional hearts at 16 microgram/mL. This was interpreted to indicate a change in atrial excitability such that 2 X threshold currents no longer excited the tissues. This was not observed at any concentration of DB. PMID- 7317846 TI - Interaction between sensory inputs and movements. PMID- 7317844 TI - 2-chloroadenosine inhibits brain acetylcholine turnover in vivo. PMID- 7317845 TI - The effects of nucleotides on the response of the isolated guinea pig urinary bladder to nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerve stimulation. AB - The ability of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) to suppress the contractile response of guinea pig urinary bladder to nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerve stimulation was investigated. Strips of guinea pig urinary bladder were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in a modified Krebs solution containing atropine (2 X 10( 7) M), guanethidine (1 X 10(-6) M), and indomethacin (5.5 X 10(-6) M). Four successive administrations of ATP, guanosine, 5'-triphosphate (GTP), and cytidine 5'-triphosphate (CTP), each at 5 X 10(-4) M, in the absence of washout resulted in complete desensitization of the tissue to the contractile effect of the nucleotide. Strips desensitized to GTP or CTP were also nonresponsive to ATP. The response of the strips to electrical stimulation (100 V, 0.1-ms pulse, 5-s train at 3 Hz) was markedly reduced following desensitization with ATP but only slightly with GTP or CTP. Under similar conditions, adenosine 5'-monophosphatase (AMP) or diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine (A) also reduced the response of the strips to intramural nerve stimulation, but guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) or diphosphate (GDP), guanosine (G), cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP) or diphosphate (CDP), or cytidine (C) did not. The present data suggest that desensitization of smooth muscle to exogenous ATP may be predominantly the result of its conversion to metabolic products rather than inactivation of "purinergic" receptor per se. PMID- 7317847 TI - Classifying sensory patterns and their effects on locomotion and tremor. AB - Methods are described for analyzing the patterns of sensory activity in peripheral nerves during unrestrained behaviour. In locomotion, nerves supplying ankle extensors and flexors typically show two bursts of sensory activity per step cycle. Variations in sensory input may be important in modulating the ongoing oscillation. Altered sensory input may also change the phase of an ongoing oscillation (as in human essential tremor) or may only have a transient reflex effect (as in Parkinsonian tremor). Various types of interactions can be analyzed using a model of the peripheral neuromuscular system and its central connections. In general, the following categories are suggested for sensory actions on neural oscillations: (1) modulation of (a) the amplitude or (b) the frequency; (2) resetting (i.e., a maintained change in the timing of an oscillation without changes in frequency); (3) repatterning an oscillation (a) over several cycles (e.g., gait changes in locomotion) or (b) within a cycle or two (e.g., the stumble corrective reaction); and (4) gating an oscillation on or off. PMID- 7317848 TI - Function of sensory input in insect motor systems. AB - The organization and function of sensory input has been examined in three insect motor systems: locust jumping, cockroach walking, and locust flight. In these three systems sensory input is primarily involved in the production of the normal patterns of motor activity rather than in the compensation for sudden changes in the external environment. At least two general functions for sensory input in the normal patterning of motor activity can be identified: (1) compensation for changes in the peripheral elements of the motor system which occur as a result of use and maturation and (2) regulation of switching from one phase of a movement to another following the attainment of a specific state by peripheral structures. Reflex pathways may exist for compensating for sudden environmental disturbances but these have not yet been clearly demonstrated. PMID- 7317849 TI - Stimulus--response relationships during locomotion. AB - Crossed hind limb responses to high intensity stimulation of the superficial peroneal nerve in the cat were studied under various conditions. In precollicularly decerebrate cats walking on a treadmill, the same stimulus train evokes a crossed extension response during the contralateral stance phase and a crossed flexion response during the contralateral swing phase. In acute spinal cats (Th 13) injected with clonidine, a similar stimulus train can evoke a crossed extension response when the limb is manually placed in flexion and a crossed flexion response when the limb is positioned in extension. During "fictive" locomotion, induced in spinal paralyzed cats by nialamide an L-DOPA, the same stimulus may increase the amplitude and (or) the duration of crossed flexor or crossed extensor activity (in-phase responses). In some instances in these preparations, the crossed responses may be out-of-phase with the central rhythm. It is concluded that crossed hind limb responses during locomotion are selected by both central and peripheral mechanisms. PMID- 7317850 TI - Pulmonary afferent and central influences on respiratory phase-switching in the cat. AB - A striking feature of the mammalian respiratory rhythm generator is the abruptness of the transitions between the inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) phases ("phase-switching"). Although reciprocal inhibitory actions between I and E neurons are important for maintaining the alternation of respiratory phases, phase-switching actions are probably produced by recurrent inhibitory neuronal loops acting within each phase. The operation of such negative feedback circuits has been studied using two types of experimental input: (a) activation of pulmonary stretch receptors by lung inflation, which shortens the I phase and prolongs the E phase, and (b) electrical stimulation in the rostral pontine "pneumotaxic center" region, which can produce premature I leads to E or E leads to I switching, depending on stimulation site. These inputs produce diverse effects on discharges of various types of medullary respiratory neuron; analysis of such observations has led to hypotheses about the possible roles of different neuron populations in phase-switching. PMID- 7317854 TI - Patterns of muscular and motor cortical activity during a simple arm movement in the monkey. AB - This article describes the behavior of motor cortex neurons recorded in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta) which had been trained to make extension and flexion movements about the elbow in response to auditory, visual, or somesthetic cues. The pattern of activity of 65% of those movement-related neurons which were recorded during both flexion and extension was reciprocally related to the direction of movement. However, the movements of extension and flexion were made by co-contraction of the biceps and triceps in a pattern that did not match that of the motor cortex neurons. The majority of motor cortex neurons had firing frequencies that were related to movement parameters but by their nature could not be directly involved in the control of alpha motoneurons in both directions of movement. We suggest that they could, instead, control the fusimotor system. It is more likely that alpha motoneurons are controlled by the 35% of motor cortex neurons that, like the muscles, do not show reciprocal patterns of activity for movements in opposite directions. PMID- 7317852 TI - Comment: a schema for the interactions between motor programs and sensory input. AB - In this overview we utilize and extend a model, originally developed for "command interneuron" control of the generation of motor programs, to discuss the roles sensory inputs play in movement control. To provide a conceptual framework, we present a modular schematic of the motor control and sensory processing apparatus of an hypothetical nervous system. In the schematic, "subroutines" (basic units of motor programs) are seen as "playing out" through switching and sequencing networks to "driver neurons." The "driver neurons" then activate motoneurons to execute the programmed movements. Five modes of interaction between motor programs and sensory input are considered using examples from invertebrate and vertebrate neuronal circuitry. These modes of interaction occur at the following locations: (1) the "program selector," to initiate a motor program; (2) the "motor subroutine directory," advancing the program to the next subroutine; (3) the "driver neurons" and motoneurons, where the "gain" of subroutine instructions can be modulated; (4) the "motor programmer," which monitors programs in progress and provides for program development and updating; and (5) the "driver neurons" themselves, which control sensory processing by "selecting" the appropriate sensory inputs for the program in progress. Mode 5 is illustrated in more detail through a consideration of the modification of stretch receptor input by "extensor" and "flexor" command interneurones in the circuitry controlling postural movements of the crayfish abdomen. PMID- 7317853 TI - Comment: gating effects and constraints on the central pattern generators for rhythmic movements. AB - Respiration, mastication, and locomotion are compared in terms of the contributions of events occurring at the motoneuron membrane and at premotoneuronal levels for the production of phasic gain changes of afferent effects. Data are presented which suggest that an inhibitory mechanism operating on limb motoneurons can prevent disruption of the locomotor pattern by proprioceptive input and that Ia inhibitory interneurons contribute to this rhythmic inhibition of both flexor and extensor motoneurons. Renshaw cell rhythmic activity during locomotion is described and discussed in terms of its possible role in gating of inputs to motoneurons. PMID- 7317851 TI - Interactions between the jaw-opening reflex and mastication. AB - Electrical stimulation of the anterior hard palate or upper lip was used to evoke the jaw-opening reflex in rabbits lightly anesthetized with urethane. The amplitude of each excitatory response recorded in the digastric electromyogram during mastication was compared with the mean amplitude of 10 prior control responses. When weak stimuli were used, the mean amplitude of the reflex dropped markedly during mastication and was smallest when the digastric muscle was inactive (closing and occlusal phases of the masticatory cycle). As the stimulus strength was increased, the size of the response during closing rose progressively until it exceeded values obtained during the control period or the jaw-opening phase. In addition, strong stimuli altered the total cycle length and the duration and amplitude of muscle activity in a phase-dependent manner. Stimuli given during closing were particularly effective in causing inhibition of jaw-closing muscle activity and in reducing the velocity and amplitude of closure. It is concluded that the cyclical gain changes of the reflex response to noxious stimuli are controlled to a large extent by premotoneuronal mechanisms and that the overall effect on the masticatory cycle structure is phase dependent. PMID- 7317855 TI - Comment: on functions of the "cerebellar circuit" in movement control. PMID- 7317856 TI - Cytotoxicity and suckling mouse reactivity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from human sources. AB - Human isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides were tested for their ability to produce cytotoxins and (or) enterotoxins. The incidence of cytotoxin production by A. hydrophila was 81% for isolates from stool and 44% for extraintestinal isolates. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were more sensitive to A. hydrophila cytotoxin than either Vero or Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells (y 1). There was no evidence of cytotonic enterotoxin production by any of the isolates tested. Cytotoxin-containing filtrates from A. hydrophila were found to provoke a positive reaction in suckling mice. The response in mice was heat labile, and data supporting correlation of this activity with the cytotoxin produced by these organisms are presented. Following concentration, cytotoxin and material reactive in suckling mice were found to coelute from Sephadex G-25 and dose-response was demonstrated in mice. Antitoxin prepared to this material effectively neutralized cytotoxin, mouse reactivity, and rabbit ileal loop response. No evidence was obtained for either cytotoxin or enterotoxin production by P. shigelloides strains tested in this study. PMID- 7317858 TI - Infection of canine mononuclear leucocytes by measles virus: possible mechanism of protection from canine distemper. AB - Measles virus was shown to be infectious to canine lymphocytes from peripheral blood as well as from different lymphoid tissues, and the same held true for canine macrophage cultures prepared from peripheral blood. The susceptibility of these leucocytes to measles virus was comparable with that of canine distemper virus. These observations supported the suggestion that interference with canine distemper virus by measles could be a possible mechanism of the heterotypic immunity observed in dogs. PMID- 7317857 TI - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and infrared spectroscopy of vibrio biotypes. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and infrared spectroscopy were used to study the relationship between Vibrio cholerae (classical), Vibrio cholerae (El Tor), and nonagglutinable (NAG) vibrios. Acid extracts of the different strains produced type-specific electrophoretic patterns, and the infrared spectra revealed broad absorption maxima which largely correspond to those found in other organisms. With the exception of the NAG vibrios, the infrared spectra of cholera El Tor vibrios were identical. Strain-specific differences were found in the exoprotein spectra of these organisms by the sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic technique. PMID- 7317859 TI - Antibodies to the California group of arboviruses in the moose (Alces alces americana Clinton) population of Nova Scotia. AB - Moose (Alces alces americana Clinton) blood collected by hunters during the 1977 and 1978 hunting seasons was tested for California group antibodies. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests using snowshoe hare virus (SSH) as antigen yielded 37.02% HI-positive sera. Neutralization tests showed reactors reactors (67.5% positive) to SSH and classified six reactors as Jamestown Canyon virus (JC). This study reports the first finding of JC in a moose population; it also provides the first evidence of JC in Atlantic Canada and supports previous findings of SSH in Nova Scotia. PMID- 7317860 TI - Antibodies to snowshoe hare virus of the California group in the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and domestic animal populations of Prince Edward Island. AB - This study, the first of arbovirus activity in Prince Edward Island, has shown antibodies to the snowshoe hare strain of the California encephalitis group virus to be present in sera of wild and domestic animals; 15.35% of snowshoe hare, 20% of equine. and 2.5% of bovine sera were positive for hemagglutination inhibition antibody, confirmed by virus neutralization procedures. PMID- 7317861 TI - Doctor-lawyer dilemma. PMID- 7317862 TI - Culture and psychiatry. PMID- 7317863 TI - The doctor-lawyer dilemma: a problem of mental set (an examination of the doctor lawyer interface in civil cases). PMID- 7317864 TI - Cults and mental health: clinical conclusions. AB - The field of cults and their relation to psychological and psychiatric disorder is reft with rhetoric and opinion. There has been a particular dearth of documentation and substantiated data supporting psychiatric opinion. As a result of considerable research, clinical work, and an extensive literature review, certain conclusions or strongly suggested positions are enunciated. An attempt is made to substantiate each of the ten assertions based on existing data, in the hope that they will clarify the muddy existing data, area, make clinical positions and interventions more soundly based, and inspire debate and heuristic efforts. PMID- 7317865 TI - Stopping life-sustaining medical treatment: psychiatric considerations in the termination of renal dialysis. AB - Data are presented regarding the decision by medical staff and by patients to discontinue renal dialysis. Some relevant issues regarding the patients are discussed, including their mental competence, underlying motivation and psychiatric state. Also some of the medical factors involved in the decision to stop treatment are considered. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the patients's sense of active participation and involvement in his treatment. Mention is made of the importance of interventions to decrease the psychological morbidity in survivors of patients who stop dialysis. PMID- 7317868 TI - [Group psychotherapy of chronic schizophrenics in an external milieu]. AB - The long term management of chronic ambulatory schizophrenic patients represents a problem in spite of the advent of neuroleptics. The most appropriate regimen seems to be group therapy combined with pharmacotherapy. In this paper we suggest that the group is more easily managed by co-therapists (usually a psychiatric nurse and a psychiatrist). This permits a transference dilution and helps the therapist to maintain a constant motivation. PMID- 7317866 TI - A study of homicide: the validity of predictive test factors. AB - This study is a retrospective comparison of the psychological test findings within four groups, including 61 murderers, 42 assaulters, 71 perpetrators of theft, and 24 unemployed non-criminal controls. Psychological test findings did not discriminate very well among these groups. Some purported hostility scales, such as the Elizur Hostility Scale, the DeVos Hostility Scale, and Megargee's Overcontrolled-Hostility Scale, did not discriminate at all. The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire was particularly unhelpful, rating all four groups as having above-average emotional stability, One must conclude that individual psychological test factors are of little value in predicting violent behaviour. Further research is being undertaken to separate the murder group into motivational sub-categories. PMID- 7317867 TI - Managing desperate emotional behaviour with hypnosis. AB - When no other psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy could prevent debilitation or institutionalization consequent to longstanding frequent repeated maladaptive behaviour, hypnosis has been observed to be effective in suitable patients. A documentation, three cases of such chronic severe behaviour which have been encountered by the author are described; each had been regarded as hopelessly unmanageable by the primary physician at the time of referral for hypnotherapy. Relevant to their suitability for hypnosis, all three patients were able to understand normal speech with difficulty, were able to concentrate well, and were agreeable to using hypnosis. PMID- 7317869 TI - Factors associated with psychiatric symptoms in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. AB - Psychiatric morbidity in a sample of 85 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis was assessed using standard questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire and Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire). Examination of the effects of demographic, illness, treatment, and history variables on questionnaire scores revealed that psychiatric symptoms were more frequent in women than in men, in those on home dialysis, in those living in rural areas, in unemployed men and in those with a disturbed nuclear family. Factor analysis of symptoms assessed by one of the questionnaires (GHQ) revealed six factors: general general dissatisfaction, suicidal ideation, confidence and well-being usefulness and enjoyment, concentration and alertness, sleep disturbance, Interview responses revealed a high incidence of general distress and anxiety and also a high incidence of sexual problems PMID- 7317870 TI - Klinefelter's syndrome with atypical presenting features. AB - The authors thought it would be of interest to present this case which proved to be Klinefelter's syndrome with "xxy" pattern, as the patient presented with episodes of abnormal behaviour lasting for a few minutes. Ho would suddenly become anxious, look perplexed, start clenching his fists and at times complain of thoughts tha some persons were trying to attack him. He also felt as if he were hearing voices talking to him. Observation in the hospital and EEG recording helped to rule out temporal lobe epilepsy and a diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome with personality disorder and psychogenic attacks of abnormal behaviour was made at the time of discharge. PMID- 7317871 TI - Polypsychopharmacy revisited. AB - In this paper, polypsychopharmacy is defined, noting variations of definition in the medical literature. We show that the high incidence rates are bot dependent only on the physician's behaviour. Much of the medical literature is hostile to the use in psychiatry of two-drug combinations, and this hostility is based on three assumptions about drug use. We find little evidence to support these assumptions. Attempts to reduce the incidence of polypsychopharmacy may be simply irrelevant. We list several two-drug combinations which are of value in psychiatry, and then return to two questions: 1) Why is there so little research into two-drug combinations, considering their high incidence of use? 2) Why does this high incidence persist in the absence of good supportive evidence of its value? We offer tentative responses to these questions, and conclude that since multiple drug use is as likely to be of value in psychiatry as in any other branch of medicine, research into specific drug-combinations is overdue. PMID- 7317872 TI - Confidentiality and health care: the issues. PMID- 7317873 TI - Chromosome pattern, occupation, and clinical features in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Chromosome banding pattern of bone marrow cells, cell morphology according to the FAB classification, and clinical finding were compared in two groups of adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL): 52 patients occupationally exposed to chemical solvents, insecticides, or petrol products, and 110 patients with no history of occupational exposure to potential mutagenic/carcinogenic agents. Striking differences were found between the two groups: (1) Clonal chromosomal aberrations were present in 75% of exposed patients compared with only 32% in the nonexposed group. (2) Of the patients exposed to solvents and insecticides 92% had abnormal chromosomes, whereas only 29% of patients exposed to petrol products showed abnormalities; in the total material 10/13 exposed patients with normal chromosomes were exposed to petrol products. (3) The relationship between chromosomal abnormality and exposure was evident in both females and males. However, only 29% of women with an abnormal karyotype were exposed, whereas 70% of males with an abnormal karyotype were exposed. (4) The incidence of certain characteristic karyotypic abnormalities, i.e., -5/5q-, 7/7q , +8, +21, t(8;21), and t(9;22), were decidedly more common in exposed than in nonexposed patients. At least one of these changes were present in 92% of exposed patients with aberrations, whereas in the nonexposed group the incidence was only 60%. (5) The monocytic varieties of ANLL (M4 + M5) were more common in the nonexposed patients, whereas erythroleukemia (M6) was more common in the exposed group. The predominance of abnormal karyotypes in the exposed compared to the nonexposed patients was similar in leukemia types M1 + M2 and in M4 + M5. (6) There was no difference in survival time between the two groups and the same correlation was obvious in both exposed and nonexposed patients: patients who had only abnormal metaphases had poorer prognosis than those with normal bone marrow metaphases only (6 vs 1.5 months). This correlation was obvious in patients classified as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as well as in the monocytic varieties of ANLL. PMID- 7317874 TI - Break points in chromosome #1 abnormalities of 218 human neoplasms. AB - A survey of 343 break points that lead to chromosome #1 abnormalities in 218 human neoplasms showed that 49.9% were located in or immediately adjacent to the centromeric heterochromatin. Amongst rearrangements with breaks in bands p 12-q21 were 27 isochromosomes, 22 translocations of the long arm, and four translocations of the short arm to the heterochromatic regions of other chromosomes, and 35 deletions resulting in chromosomes consisting mainly or solely of one arm. Deletions following breakage at various sites in the short arm of chromosome #1 are frequent in malignancies and are quite often found in cells that are trisomic for the long arm. It is suggested that fragility of chromosomes generated as a result of early events in carcinogenesis may be one source of chromosome rearrangements, including those of chromosome #1, on which selection can operate and give rise to progressively more malignant clones. PMID- 7317876 TI - Formation of covalent deoxyribonucleic acid benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-epoxide adduct in mouse and rat skin. AB - The covalently bound products of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BP) were determined in the DNA from the skin of mice and rats. The quality and the distribution of bound products was similar. The formation of products corresponding to 4,5-dihydro-4,5 epoxy benzo[a]pyrene (BPE) and to a further metabolite of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene bound to DNA were found in the 2 species at the 24 h end point. PMID- 7317875 TI - Carcinogenicities of quinoline derivatives in F344 rats. AB - In Ames test, the quinoline derivatives, 6-nitroquinoline (6-NQ), 8 nitroquinoline (8-NQ), 6-methylquinoline (6-NQ), 8-methylquinoline (8-MQ) and 8 hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) are mutagenic, whereas 5,7-dibromo-quinoline (5,7-DQ) is not. These compounds were administered to groups of male and female F344 rats in their diet for 104 weeks. 8-NQ induced forestomach tumors in male and female rats: it induced squamous cell papillomas in 28 (93.3%) of 30 males and in 36 (97.3%) of 37 females, and squamous cell carcinomas in 20 (66.7%) of 30 males and 24 (64.9%) of 37 females. Thus there was no sex difference in its carcinogenicity. 6-NQ induced only focal hyperplasia of the forestomach at an incidence of 30.0% in male rats and 52.8% in female rats. These results indicate a discrepancy between the mutagenicities of quinoline derivatives and their carcinogenicities to rats: only 8-NQ was carcinogenic to F344 rats. PMID- 7317877 TI - Nitrite stability and nitrosation potential in human gastric juice. AB - Human gastric juice samples were investigated from high- and low-risk areas (Colombia and Boston) for factors which influence the stability of nitrite and its potential for nitrosamine formation. The samples from individuals with chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were not reactive to nitrite and supported a rate of nitrosation largely compatible with the nitrite and thiocyanate concentration. The samples from other individuals contained factors which destroyed nitrite and inhibited nitrosation. There were several samples from both groups which had an elevated rate of nitrosation catalyzed by unknown factors. It is suggested that continued hypochlorhydria might deplete gastric juice of its natural protective factors and lead to an elevated risk of gastric cancer in agreement with our earlier etiological model [1]. PMID- 7317878 TI - Ascorbate is detectably mutagenic in the L5178Y TK+/- cell mutation assay. AB - Both sodium ascorbate and ascorbic acid were tested at millimolar concentrations in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y TK+/- cell for chemically-induced cytotoxicity and the induction of gene mutations at the thymidine kinase locus as detected by increased trifluorothymidine-resistance. Neither chemical caused any dose-related increases in trifluorothymidine resistance, even at toxic levels. Increased hydrogen ion concentration was not itself a contributing factor to ascorbic acid toxicity. Ascorbate toxicity was due to products formed in vitro in the absence of cells via chemical reactions with medium components. The formation or persistence of these toxic substances could be prevented by co-incubation with catalase prior to the addition of L5178Y cells. These results suggest that ascorbic acid would not be a mammalian cell mutagen normal physiological conditions. PMID- 7317880 TI - Synthesis of three oligosaccharides that form part of the complex type of carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins. AB - Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate-promoted condensation of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2 deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl bromide with benzyl 3,6-di-O-benzyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside and benzyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside gave the protected 2,4- and 2,6-linked trisaccharides in yields of 54 and 32%, respectively. After exchanging the 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido groups for 2-acetamido-2 deoxy groups and de-blocking, the trisaccharides 2,4-di-O-(2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranosyl)-D-mannose and 2,6-di-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranosyl)-D-mannose were obtained. Similar condensation of 3,6-di-O-acetyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D glucopyranosyl bromide with benzyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside gave a pentasaccharide derivative in 52% yield. After transformations analogous to those applied to the trisaccharides, 2,6-di-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)]-D-mannose was obtained. PMID- 7317879 TI - The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as inducers of monooxygenases on the metabolite profile of benz[a]anthracene in rat liver microsomes. AB - Microsomal oxidation of benz[a]anthracene (BaA) in rat liver has been shown to occur at various positions (1,2-, 3,4-, 5,6-, 8,9- and 10,11-position) by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and comparison with synthetic reference substances. In normal rats trans-5,6-, 8,9- and, mainly, 10,11 dihydrodiols have been detected as primary metabolites. The induction of monooxygenases by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) results in a considerable change in the metabolite profile, since the 5,6- and 8,9-isomers become the main metabolites while the amount of 10,11-isomer is not increased. Simultaneously, the secondary metabolism to form triols and tetrols is induced. Phenobarbital as well as 'moderately inducing' PAH (pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, benzo[e]pyrene) induced the oxidation at 5,6- and 8,9-position, whereas almost all other compounds investigated, especially the benzofluoranthenes, additionally induced the oxidation at the 3,4-position forming the precursor of the ultimate carcinogen of BaA, 3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene, which was detected as its isomerisation product, the 2,3,4-triol. PMID- 7317881 TI - Structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella type 73 (Enterobacter aerogenes). AB - The capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella Type 73 (Enterobacter aerogenes) was found to contain equimolar amounts of D-galactose, D-glucose, L-rhamnose, and D glucuronic acid. Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide gave one aldobio-and one aldotrio-uronic acid, whose structures were established by acid hydrolysis and by methylation analysis. The anomeric configurations of the different sugar residues were determined from the specific rotations of the polysaccharide and the aldobio and aldotrio-uronic acids, and also by oxidation of the native and the carboxyl reduced polysaccharide with chromium trioxide. Methylation analysis of the polysaccharide provided information about the linkages of the different sugar residues. Based on all of these results, the structure assigned to the repeating unit of the polysaccharide is as follows. (Formula: see text). PMID- 7317882 TI - Inhibitory activity of disaccharide-L-asparagine compounds against hemagglutination by various lectins. PMID- 7317883 TI - Serial angiographic studies before and after acute myocardial infarction in man. AB - In this study, 6 patients underwent angiographic assessment prior to and subsequent to acute myocardial infarction. The mean inter-angiographic interval was 36 months and the mean infarct to angiography interval was 8 months. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 0.69 to 0.45 after infarction. The degree of left ventricular dysfunction after infarction did not necessarily relate to the site or type of infarction. All patients had significant progression of their coronary lesions with occlusion of a major coronary vessel in the interval. Coronary artery occlusion with infarction produces a variable degree of damage and subsequent left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 7317885 TI - Sinoatrial conduction time in patients with atrioventricular block. AB - In 20 patients with atrioventricular (A-V) block, sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was measured in order to established to incidence of sinoatrial conduction defects. 10 patients had complete A-V block, 5 patients second-degree A-V block type 1, 2 patients second-degree A-V block type II, nd 3 patients first-degree A V block. Prolonged bidirectional SACT was found in 8 cases (40%). The mean value (+/- SD) of SACT was 206 +/- 69 ms. In comparison with SACT in a group of 11 patients without symptoms and signs of sinus node disorder (mean value 156 +/- 25 ms) the difference was significant (p less than 0.05). On the other side, the values of SACT were shorter in patients with A-V block than in 13 patients with sick sinus syndrome (mean value 311 +/- 82 ms); the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The study shows that impairment of sinoatrial conduction frequently coexists with A-V conduction defects. PMID- 7317884 TI - Reduction of myocardial infarct size by the calcium antagonist fr 7534. AB - This study was conducted to determine the effect of FR 7534, a light-stable derivative of nifedipine on hemodynamics, coronary collateral blood flow and myocardial infarct size in the anesthetized dog. Myocardial infarction was produced by a 2-hour occlusion and reperfusion of the distal third of the left anterior descending coronary artery in control dogs, FR 7534-treated dogs and FR 7534-treated dogs with a constant aortic blood pressure. FR 7534 alone produced significant decreases in heart rate and mean aortic blood pressure, however, no change in collateral blood flow of central ischemic zones was observed. On the other hand, when aortic blood pressure was held constant, FR 7534 produced a significant increase in coronary collateral blood flow. With or without a constant aortic perfusion pressure, FR 7534 significantly reduced infarct size as compared to control experiments (33.5 to 4.3 and 7.5% of the area at risk infarcted, respectively). The present results demonstrate the efficacy of a new calcium antagonist, FR 7534, to protect ischemic myocardium with or without a change in oxygen supply via the coronary collateral circulation. PMID- 7317886 TI - Coronary artery-left ventricular fistula. AB - Coronary artery-left ventricular fistulae are exceedingly rare and to date only 19 cases have been reported in the literature. We describe another four cases which we encountered recently. The first patient was a 10-year-old asymptomatic Indian male who was referred because of a to-and-fro murmur. Haemodynamic and angiographic studies revealed an aneurysmally enlarged right coronary draining into the left ventricle. The fistula was ligated and the patient has remained well over a 21/2-year follow-up period. The second patient was a 13-year-old asymptomatic Chinese female referred also because of a to-and-fro murmur. Haemodynamic and angiographic studies showed a grossly enlarged right coronary artery draining into the left ventricle. This patient refused operation and has remained well over a 2-year follow-up period. The third patient was a 43-year-old Chinese male who presented with a 3-year history of angina pectoris and was admitted to hospital because of crescendo angina. The resting electrocardiogram showed marked ischaemic changes and the treadmill exercise stress test was also positive. Selective coronary angiography showed markedly dilated right and left coronary arteries. Multiple fistulae from the three major coronary arteries were seen to communicate with the left ventricle. It was elected to treat this patient medically with propranolol. He has remained well over a 6-month follow-up period. The fourth patient was a 5-year-old asymptomatic Chinese girl. Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography revealed marked dilatation of the branches of the left coronary artery which communicated via a maize of fine vessels into the left ventricle. This patient has remained well over a 5-year follow-up period. The clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of coronary artery-left ventricular fistula are discussed and the literature regarding this subject is reviewed. PMID- 7317888 TI - Prognostic values of exercise testing and drug effects on the exercise ECG. PMID- 7317887 TI - Trends in cigarette smoking among coronary patients between 1961 and 1975. AB - Between 1961 and 1975 the proportion of cigarette smokers among male patients with acute coronary heart disease showed a progressive decline from 87.1 to 66.1%. There was a corresponding increase in the proportion of ex-smokers and non smokers. Factors which might have accounted for this trend were examined. Changing diagnosis, altered prevalence of other risk factors and social class changes in patient referral would not appear to have accounted for the observed smoking trends. It is suggested that the observed trends in cigarette-smoking habits may be real and that they may represent a change in the epidemiological pattern of coronary heart disease in Ireland. PMID- 7317889 TI - Nine years' follow-up of a maximal exercise test in a random population sample of middle-aged men. AB - A stepwise bicycle exercise test up to maximum was performed in a random population sample of 793 Swedish men, all aged 54 years. High respiratory rate during exercise characterized those who later suffered myocardial infarction (MI) or sudden coronary death (SD). In addition to high cholesterol, high blood pressure (BP), and smoking, low maximal performance, but not ST changes during exercise, increased the risk of MI + SD also in multivariate analysis. Pulse rate, systolic BP at both submaximal and maximal work load were positively correlated with the initial blood pressure level. BP at these work loads was also positively correlated with subsequent BP increase. PMID- 7317890 TI - Hemodynamics and prognosis of patients with angina pectoris without coronary heart disease (syndrome X). AB - A history of exercise-induced chest pain or even typical angina pectoris combined with normal coronary arteries is usually described with terms like small vessel disease or syndrome X [2, 5]. The aim of this paper is to study the hemodynamics at rest, and with exercise, and the outcome of patients with this syndrome. PMID- 7317891 TI - Predictive value of symptom-limited exercise testing for life expectancy in inoperable coronary patients with disabling angina. AB - 100 inoperable coronary patients defined by severe angina, multistenosed vessels and narrowed or thrombosed distal beds performed a symptom-limited exercise test before coronary angiogram. During a 46 +/- 30 month period of follow-up 29 died, 25 of whom by cardiac cause. Among the exercise test data, the most discriminant for long-term survival was the exercise capacity, in spite of a poor correlation parameter for prediction of life expectancy. PMID- 7317892 TI - The effects of drugs on the exercise electrocardiogram. AB - Changes in the exercise ECG caused by five different drugs are presented. Analysis of these changes indicate that these are related to the hemodynamic effects of the drugs, rather than to reduction of myocardial ischemia. Calcium antagonists (Verapamil) as well as drugs which reduce heart rate (Alinidine, Propranolol) do not change the relation between ST depression and heart rate in a given patient. Drugs which lower ventricular volume (Molsidomine, Nitroglycerine) reduce the amount of ST depression at the same heart rate during exercise. PMID- 7317894 TI - Polarcardiographic (triaxicardiometric) study on the effect of isosorbide dinitrate on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. AB - 30 patients suffering from stable angina pectoris were studied by triaxicardiometric (polarcardiographic) method. Triaxicardiometry including the X, Y, Z Frank leads, azimuth (H degrees), elevation (V degrees) angle derivations and spatial magnitude (M) tracings were taken at rest and after submaximal bicycle ergometer exercise. After receiving 30 mg/day isosorbide dinitrate for a minimum of 5 days the whole procedure was repeated, stored by an analogue tape recorder and evaluated by a TPA/i computer. It has been stated that the method of triaxicardiometry has an excess sensitivity on the demonstration of ischemic alteration of anterior and posterobasal left ventricular wall compared to the traditional X, Y, Z leads. According to the pre- and post-exercise bicycle ergometer testing estimated by triaxicardiometry, isosorbide dinitrate caused a significant reduction of subendocardial myocardial ischemia. PMID- 7317893 TI - On-line computer-assisted exercise mapping. AB - The ability of exercise ECG body surface mapping to detect the presence and distribution of coronary artery disease was investigated in 76 patients presenting with chest pain. The ECG data were recorded from 16 leads regularly placed over the left praecordium. All 16 leads were input simultaneously to a PDP8 computer and 8-second samples were stored at rest, at the termination of symptom-limited exercise, and in the recovery period. ST isopotential surface maps were subsequently constructed. The presence and praecordial projection of ST abnormality were related to the arteriographic distribution of coronary disease. The ECG data were abnormal in 56 of 58 patients with coronary disease and permitted the identification of left anterior descending artery disease in 49 of 53, right coronary artery disease in 39 of 43, and circumflex artery disease in 24 of 30. Mapping separated those with single vessel from those with multiple vessel disease in 91% of patients with coronary disease. These preliminary results suggest that exercise ECG body surface mapping may provide an attractive non-invasive approach to the investigation of patients with coronary disease. PMID- 7317895 TI - Analysis of exercise-induced R-wave-amplitude changes in detection of coronary artery disease in patients with typical or atypical chest pain under digitalis treatment. AB - Specificity and sensitivity of exercise ECG were compared to exercise stress thallium 201 scanning and coronary arteriograms in 70 male patients with typical or atypical chest pain complaints, without previous myocardial infarction. 50 patients (group I) did not receive any treatment; 20 patients (group II) received digitalis as preventive treatment of atrial arrhythmias or for no particular reason. Only subjects with concordant results in radionuclide and angiography examinations were considered as coronary artery disease patients. Exercise stress tests were performed sitting on the bicycle ergometer using a progressive loading profile (30 W for 3 min), to the symptom-limited capacity (VO2SL). Positive exercise ECG were confirmed on ST decrease (1.5 mm) or on absence or increase in R-wave-amplitude modifications (V5). In the group I patients, ECG-ST-modification sensitivity, specificity, predictive value (+) and efficiency were, respectively, 92, 82, 86 and 88%. R-wave-variation sensitivity, specificity, predictive value (+) and efficiency were, respectively, 41, 74, 65 and 56%. In the group II patients, ST-depression sensitivity, specificity, predictive value (+) and efficiency were, respectively, 100, 33, 59 and 65%. R-wave-variation sensitivity, specificity, predictive value (+) and efficiency were, respectively, 50, 70, 63 and 60%. It was concluded that R-wave-amplitude variations induced lower false positive responses than ST-segment depression in patients under digitalis treatment. False negative responses were unfortunately 50% using the R-wave criterion. Exercise ECG was finally judged as a poor indicator of CAD in patients under digitalis treatment. PMID- 7317897 TI - Evaluation of effect of drugs on the exercise ECG. AB - The result of an exercise ECG can be represented on an XY chart by four monovariate (normal) distributions: heart rate (divided by X axis); blood pressure (divided by Y axis); Working time deficit (-X axis); ST depression (-Y axis); and two bivariate (elliptic) distributions: double product (divided by X divided by Y quadrant); ST X time-deficit index (-X -Y quadrant). Charts for 100 normal men, 100 normal women, 100 coronary men, and 100 coronary women were first of all built up. Charts of 100 patients under propanolol, 33 under atenolol, 47 under nidefipine, 13 under verapamil, and 44 under isosorbide dinitrate were then compared with those from coronary men. Beta blockers produced a shift in all six parameters; nifedipine modified blood pressure, double product, ST and time deficit; verapamil only changed blood pressure and time deficit; isosorbide changed ST, time deficit and the ST X time-deficit index. PMID- 7317896 TI - Treatment of angina pectoris with propranolol: the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. AB - The effects of smoking on the treatment of angina has been studied in 10 patients. Each patient underwent 4 randomized 1-week treatments consisting of on and off smoking, and on and off propranolol (360 mg/day). At the end of each treatment a maximal exercise test was performed using 16 praecordial leads. Smoking was associated with a significantly higher heart rate, blood pressure, area and severity of ST-segment depression. This was not abolished by propranolol. Thus, smoking aggravates the simple haemodynamic variables used to assess myocardial oxygen requirements and the electrocardiographic signs of ischaemia; this is true even after treatment with propranolol. PMID- 7317898 TI - Antianginal effect of nifedipine after intracoronary and intravenous administration judged by reduction of ischemic ST-segment depression in exercise tests. AB - The purpose of the study was to distinguish between the peripheral and the cardiac mode of action of nifedipine, a drug which inhibits transmembrane calcium transport. To assess the cardiac and peripheral antianginal effect independently, two routes of application were employed: systemic intravenous and intracoronary infusion into the left coronary artery of approximately equipotent doses. PMID- 7317899 TI - The dose-response effects of nifedipine of ST-segment changes in exercise testing: preliminary studies. AB - This study examines the effects of increasing doses of nifedipine on exercise induced ST-segment depression in patients with severe typical stable angina pectoris. 10 patients underwent four 1-week treatment periods in a single-blind clinical trial. These were nifedipine 0, 30, 60, and 90 mg in divided doses daily. At the end of each week a maximum exercise test was performed using 16 precordial electrocardiographic leads and the ST-segment changes measured immediately after exercise. In 4 patients nifedipine produced no effects on these electrocardiographic parameters; 4 patients improved and 2 deteriorated. Thus, a dose of nifedipine, effective in 1 patient, can have opposite effects in another. PMID- 7317900 TI - Multivariate approach to the treadmill stress test: prospective study. AB - The multivariate analysis approach in 30 normal subjects and 84 patients significantly improved the sensitivity and correct classification rate when compared to the stress test (ST) response (p less than 0.05). Although the probability of disease could separate normal from diseased subjects, it could not separate single from multivessel disease. The correct classification rate remained the same for all probabilities greater than or equal to 50%, suggesting that a higher probability was not more accurate in detecting disease. Multivariate analysis appears to be a valuable method in detecting disease and appears to improve diagnostic accuracy over the ST response alone, especially in men. PMID- 7317902 TI - Early load-limiting versus symptom-limited exercise testing: prognostic value in 200 myocardial infarction patients. AB - The prognostic value of early load-limited and symptom-limited exercise testing has been compared in 200 men younger than 65 years of age, after myocardial infarction. 164 patients performed both tests and in 79 of the 200 cases who performed the early test the result was positive (40%); the percentage of positive tests was higher with the symptom-limited test (53.6%). The prognostic value of both tests was high. During the follow-up the mortality rate was higher in patients with positive results, but the early test enables the identification of patients in a higher risk group before hospital discharge. PMID- 7317901 TI - Incidence and prognostic implications of severe ventricular arrhythmias during maximal exercise testing. AB - Among 7,500 consecutive maximal exercise tests (MET), we have observed 6 cases of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and 40 cases of ventricular tachycardia (VT); 13 patients had a sustained VT and 27 patients had a single short run of VT. No patient died immediately but 11 patients died during the follow-up. The prognosis was determined by the underlying disease (most often coronary artery disease) and the type of arrhythmia. The 5-year survival rate was 84% in patients with a short run of VT and only 43% in patients with VF or sustained VT. PMID- 7317903 TI - Value of exercise testing for prediction of physical and psychosocial rehabilitation potential 3 months after acute myocardial infarction. AB - In 147 patients exercise tests were performed at the beginning and after 1 year of an ambulatory rehabilitation program. Measurements of both tests and the degree of functional improvement were correlated with patients' characteristics, the results of a psychological analysis using the Freiburger Personality Inventory and a patient's questionnaire for self-assessment. Among the major determinants for functional improvement were age, location of the infarct, rate of participation and greater initial functional impairment. High degree of psychosomatic impairment accompanied low levels of exercise capacity, the patients' self-assessment showed no correlation with exercise performance. PMID- 7317904 TI - Exercise hemodynamics 1 month, 2 months and 1 year after myocardial infarction: prognostic considerations. AB - Sequential electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes were studied at rest and during symptom-limited bicycle exercise in oligo-asymptomatic patients after myocardial infarction (MI). The exercise tests were performed after the acute episode on days 29 +/- 4 (E1) and 62 +/- 6 (E2) in 128 patients; on days 37 +/- 5 (E1) and 380 +/- 4 (E3) in 97 patients; on days 37 +/- 4 (E1), 72 +/- 6 (E2) and 394 +/- 30 (E3) in 44 patients. All patients underwent an intensive physical training during the second month after the MI. All groups showed a significant increase in work capacity and reduction in heart rate and rate-pressure product at similar work load (E2 and E3 vs. E1). These changes were independent from the level of exercise pulmonary wedge pressure (E-PWP). On the average a reduction of PWP was observed in more compromised patients after training, which became more marked at 1 year. At similar work load 1 year after MI the cardiac index reduced in less compromised patients (E1-PWP greater than 30 mm Hg) while it remained unchanged in patients with E1-PWP less than or equal to 30 mm Hg. Continuation or interruption of the physical training did not seem to affect the hemodynamic evolution. The incidence of ST-segment depression did not change from 1 month to 2 months and 1 year after MI, while both incidence and amount of ST-segment elevation significantly decreased and the sum of R-wave voltages in 12 lead ECG increased at 1 year. In conclusion, oligo-asymptomatic patients, trained and treated by drugs, trend to improve in the first year post-infarct. PMID- 7317905 TI - Prognostic value of thallium-201 stress myocardial scintigraphy with exercise ECG after myocardial infarction. AB - The prognostic value of stress electrocardiogram and thallium-201 stress myocardial scintigraphy was analyzed in 224 patients 3 months after a myocardial infarction; both techniques allowed an adequate stratification based on the presence of ST depression or multivessel disease. Combining stress electrocardiogram and stress myocardial scintigraphy data improved the prognostic ability, particularly in patients who associated multivessel disease and ST depression. PMID- 7317906 TI - Prognostic value of exercise testing: a 6-year follow-up in post-myocardial infarction patients. AB - The predictive value of a symptom-limited exercise test was studied over a 6-year period in 112 men, who had survived a myocardial infarct. The test was performed within 3 months after the infarct. Among clinical variables, only a history of a previous myocardial infarct seems to bear some prognostic importance. Among the exercise parameters, the development of a ST-segment depression of greater than or equal to 2.0 mm at low effort and the maximal exercise parameters were indicative of future mortality and non-fatal recurrent infarction. PMID- 7317907 TI - The angina pectoris threshold heart rate as a prognostic sign. Results of a 5 year follow-up. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of angina pectoris threshold heart rate (ATHR) in 300 patients aged 27-65 years, suffering from typical angina pectoris and being under follow-up at our institute for at least 5 years. A multistage symptom-limited ergometric test was performed in all examinees at least twice. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of all those whose ATHR was 120 beats and above; group 2 with ATHR below 120 beats/min. The mean age of group 1 was 47 +/- 5.8 years; the mean age of group 2 was 51 +/- 5.9 years. In group 1, in 47.3% the ATHR remained unchanged within the 5-year follow-up. Of the remaining 52.7% with changes (representing 100% with changes) 19.4% died from a cardiac cause within the period of follow up. In group 2, 56.1% remained without ATHR changes within follow-up. In 43.9% with changes (representing 100% with changes), 48% died of a cardiac cause. Similar findings were obtained when the symptom-limited work load was taken into consideration. In group 1, which performed less than 50 W, 44.6% did not reveal any change during follow-up. In 55.4% (representing 100% with changes) 47.8% died of a cardiac cause. In group 2, patients who performed between 50 to 100 W, 52.5% were without changes. In 47.5% (representing 100% with changes) 21% died of a cardiac cause. In group 3, patients performed more than 100 W, 54.3% were without changes, while in 45.7% (representing 100% with changes) 19.2% died of a cardiac cause. Our findings clearly indicate the significance of the ATHR as a prognostic sign. PMID- 7317908 TI - Results of exercise tests and prognosis in postinfarction patients below age 40. AB - In a follow-up study (mean = 3.6 years) of 555 men under 40 years of age (mean = 35.7 years) who had recently suffered transmural myocardial infarction, 44 patients (7.9%) suffered cardiac death with an annual rate of 2.2%. In a bivariate analysis a significant correlation was found between cardiac death and work capacity (p less than 0.02), vessel involvement (greater than 50% stenosis), left ventricular impairment as evaluated by ventriculography (p less than 0.001) and heart volume enlargement (p less than 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the degree of ST-segment depression and ventricular premature depolarisation (during exercise test). Complex results from non-invasive approaches can identify groups with good and bad prognosis as effectively as invasive techniques. PMID- 7317909 TI - Prognosis of women with exercise-induced ECG changes--results from a longitudinal population study. AB - A comprehensive population study of women aged 38-60 was carried out in Goteborg, Sweden in 1968-1969. A subsample comprising 194 women were submitted to a maximal work performance test using a bicycle ergometer. Exercise-induced ECG changes were common and as common in women as in men in Goteborg who had been studied in the same way. ST depressions (Minnesota Code items 4:1-2) were observed 4 min after maximal exercise in 30 women. All these women were still alive when a follow-up was made 6 years later, none had had myocardial infarction, and only 2 of them reported symptoms of angina pectoris. 1 woman later on had a fatal myocardial infarction as was found in a 12-year-follow-up study. It is concluded that exercise-induced ECG changes are of limited value for predicting myocardial infarction or death from ischaemic heart disease in women. PMID- 7317910 TI - Exercise testing in patients with valve replacement. AB - To determine whether detection of pathologic exercise hemodynamics can be based on assessment of noninvasive parameters, pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output were measured during graded bicycle ergometry in 33 patients with mitral valve replacement and 42 patients with aortic valve replacement. No relationship could be established between exercise capacity, achievement of steady-state conditions of blood pressure and heart rate, the extent of heart rate increase and incurrence or extent of pathologic exercise hemodynamics. Thus, the results show that accurate evaluation of cardiovascular status during exercise in patients with valve replacement cannot be obtained without direct determination of the pressure-flow relationship. PMID- 7317911 TI - Ratio of cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume as an index of cardiac function in animals in man. AB - A scintillation probe was used to record a radiocardiogram as 99mTc flowed through the heart with the first pass after an intravenous injection. The ratio of cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume, which could be determined indirectly from the simultaneous recording of a radiocardiogram and an electrocardiogram, was found to be a very sensitive and reliable index to describe the efficiency of the pump function of the heart with the different models of heart disease induced in experimental animals. It was found that left ventricular, right ventricular and biventricular failures were reflected by a large increase and pulmonary emboli by a decrease in the value of this index, which was named the cardiopulmonary flow index (CPFI). The technique has also been tested on a number of control and heart patients. The general principles found for animals could also be applied to man. As this is a noninvasive bedside technique it may have an important implication for the diagnosis of heart disease. PMID- 7317912 TI - Use of hexobendine to examine whether the coronary vasodilator metabolite released from guinea-pig isolated hearts is adenosine. AB - The coronary vasodilatation that accompanies cardiac stimulation by catecholamines and histamine or exposure to hypoxia is thought to be due to the release of a coronary vasodilator metabolite. Adenosine has been proposed as a likely candidate and this study examines its possible involvement by use of hexobendine, an agent that enhances the effects of adenosine. The force and rate of contraction and coronary perfusion pressure of isolated guinea-pig hearts were recorded. Adenosine exerted dose-dependent negative chronotropic effects and coronary vasodilatation. Both responses were potentiated during perfusion with hexobendine. However, hexobendine did not potentiate the coronary vasodilator responses to isoprenaline, suggesting that adenosine was not involved. Isolated hearts were then perfused in series, the donor heart supplying perfusate to the recipient. Stimulation of donor hearts by isoprenaline or histamine resulted in coronary vasodilator activity appearing in the recipient, which had received the appropriate antagonists of beta-adrenoceptors of histamine H1- and H2-receptors. Exposure of donor hearts to hypoxia also caused vasodilator metabolite release. Infusion of hexobendine into the recipient heats potentiated the vasodilator metabolite release. Infusion of hexobendine into the recipient hearts potentiated the vasodilator responses to exogenous adenosine, however, the responses to vasodilator metabolite released by the three procedures was not affected. Furthermore, there were no negative chronotropic responses accompanying the vasodilator metabolite release as there were with adenosine in a dose that produced equivalent vasodilatation. These results provide evidence that the vasoactive metabolite released by catecholamines, histamine and hypoxia is not adenosine. PMID- 7317913 TI - Depletion of myocardial creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin and K+ after coronary artery ligation in dogs. AB - In order to compare the time-course of disappearance of macromolecules and electrolytes from ischaemic myocardium, measurements of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and myoglobin, K+ and Na+ concentration were made on myocardial extracts from dogs which had left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h (4 groups of 6 dogs each). Intensity of ischaemia was assessed by myocardial blood flow measured with 15+/- 5 micrometers microspheres at 15 min after ligation. Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and K+/Na+ concentration ratios were at all times correlated with the magnitude of collateral blood flow in the ischaemic myocardium, while myoglobin concentration was correlated with blood flow only at 12 and 24h. Comparisons of the intensity of depletion at the various times after ligation showed that K+, K+/Na+ and creatine kinase had all reached a steady state at 12 h after ligation while lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin had still to reach a steady state at 24 h. We conclude that these indices are mutually supportive markers of the intensity of ischaemia of 24 h duration, but K+ or K+/Na+ may be the most reliable indices for shorter periods of ischaemia of 3 to 6 h duration. PMID- 7317914 TI - Effect of barbiturates on calcium metabolism in rat brain synaptosomes visualized by chlorotetracycline as a fluorescent chelate probe. PMID- 7317915 TI - Vinblastine and cytochalasin B effects on distribution of concanavalin A receptors in normal attached 3T3 cells. PMID- 7317916 TI - Photometric studies on Xylidine Ponceau-collagen interaction. PMID- 7317917 TI - The feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid absorption spectra in salivary glands of the dipteran, Bradysia spatitergum. PMID- 7317919 TI - Distribution and biosynthesis of disaturated phosphatidylcholine in rat brain. PMID- 7317920 TI - Immunological control of parasitic diseases through chemically pretreated antigens--II. Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 7317918 TI - Immunological and immunohistochemical properties of an anti-thymostimulin (TP.1) serum. PMID- 7317921 TI - Immunological control of parasitic diseases through chemically pretreated antigens--III. Trichinellosis. PMID- 7317922 TI - Immunological control of parasitic diseases through chemically pretreated antigens--IV. Coccidiosis. PMID- 7317923 TI - [Physical fitness among the industrial population of middle-aged men with risk factors of ischaemic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317924 TI - [Comparison of the results of spiroergometry and coronarography in angina pectoris after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 7317926 TI - [Unusual morphological substrates of monoclonal gammapathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317925 TI - [HLA system in symptomatic hepatic porphyria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317927 TI - [Our first experience with "Psychorater" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317928 TI - [Continuous peritoneal dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317929 TI - [Register of blood donors typed for HLA antigens (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317930 TI - [Ontogenesis of hair and eye pigmentation in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317931 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis with isolation of the parasite (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317932 TI - [The 100th anniversary of Czech teaching at the 1st internal medicine clinic in Prague]. PMID- 7317933 TI - [Hodgkin's disease and pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317934 TI - [Low-energy diet and its effect on hormone regulation in obese individuals. Somatotropic hormone secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317936 TI - [Our experience with the concentration of peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317935 TI - [Glycosylated haemoglobin level as a glycide metabolism marker (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317937 TI - [Malignant pulmonary neoplasm and inhalation radiation exposure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317938 TI - Effects of external osmolality, calcium and prolactin on growth and differentiation of the epidermal cells of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus. AB - Osmolality and concentrations of divalent cations--calcium, and to a lesser extent magnesium--of the water are the main environmental factors that determine development and degree of mucification of the skin epithelium of Sarotherodon mossambicus. Epithelial thickness and number of mucocytes in fish exposed to low (freshwater level) concentrations of calcium and magnesium are directly related to the height of the osmotic gradient between water and blood plasma. No such relationship is found in fish exposed to a high (seawater level) concentration of calcium in the water, irrespective of the height of the osmotic gradient. The results strongly indicate that the effects of osmolality and divalent cations are indirect, and mediated by prolactin, since administration of ovine or fish prolactin stimulates growth and multiplication of the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis, and promotes the differentiation of the mucocytes. PMID- 7317940 TI - Absolute volume of differentiating cells in the epithelium of the human hard palate. AB - In previous studies the differentiation of the epithelium in the human hard palate has been described stereologically using parameters expressed per unit tissue volume. Since single epithelial cells represent the true biological units of this tissue, it became necessary to estimate the absolute size of such cells in order to transform density data into absolute data. Therefore, in the present study, a stereological method (originally developed for myocyte volume determination) was tested in terms of its applicability to stratified epithelia; the absolute size of differentiating epithelial cells was determined in the epithelium of the human hard palate. The results suggest that (1) rather precise determination of epithelial cell size is possible by using the modified myocyte volume determination, and (2) the average cell volumes are 926 +/- 148, 4,111 +/- 1,619, 4,394 +/- 551 microns3 for the stratum basale, the upper stratum spinosum and the stratum granulosum, respectively. The results are discussed with respect to methodology and to differentiation phenomena in the epithelium of the human hard palate. PMID- 7317939 TI - Subcellular fractions and the refringent granules of the spermatozoa of Ascaris suum (Nematoda). AB - Six subcellular fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation of the homogenate of spermatozoa of Ascaris suum. The cellular constituents of pelleted fractions, as identified by electron microscopy, were membranes and membranous organelles (fraction A1), microsomal (A2), cytoplasmic (A3), large refringent granules (B1), small refringent granules (B2) and a detergent-soluble fraction (B3). Polypeptide analysis of SDS-PAGE showed that the 18,400-dalton band, one of the major spermatozoan proteins, is detectable in all of the fractions. However, the cytoplasmic (A1) and refringent-granule (B1) fractions contained the highest level. The isolated refringent granules consisted of 2-6% lipid while the nonlipid fraction formed an insoluble matrix with a fibrillar network morphology. This fibrillar matrix contained three polypeptides of small molecular weight (7,000-14,000) in addition to the 18,400-dalton polypeptide. These small polypeptides (7,000--14,000 MW) are detectable only in fractions of the refringent granules and are therefore called the refringent-granule proteins (RGP). These RGP are sensitive to tryptic hydrolysis and have solubility properties similar to the protein, ascaridine. PMID- 7317943 TI - Plasma cells in the ammocoete of Petromyzon marinus. AB - This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of mature and developing plasma cells in the spleen of non-immunized ammocoetes of Petromyzon marinus. Plasmocytes occur as electron-dense cells with much condensed chromatin and an extensively large developed and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The importance of this finding is emphasized in relation to the evolution of the immune system. PMID- 7317942 TI - Spermatogenesis revisited. V. Spermiogenesis in mice homozygous for two different male-sterile mutations (ps and hpy). AB - In male mice homozygous for both ps and hpy, two recessive, pleiotrophic, mutations, gametogenesis is normal through meiosis but no functional spermatozoa are produced. Spermiogenesis is abnormal from the Golgi phase on. The types of abnormalities seen during the early and mid-stages of spermiogenesis are characteristic of those associated with the presence of the ps mutation whereas those associated with the hpy mutation appear during the later stages of spermatid development. While centriolar ultrastructure was normal, axonemal structures were only rarely encountered and no late spermatids with recognizable flagella were seen. Some late spermatids showed head abnormalities of the type characteristic of the ps mutation while others were recognizable as being of the hpy type. A released "gamete" usually consisted of a distorted nucleus and associated acrosome enclosed in a tightly fitting plasma membrane. No spermatids exhibiting a novel phenotype were encountered. The findings support the view that, despite their simultaneous presence in the double homozygote, each mutation acts autonomously. These studies also allow a similar inference to be made with respect to the extent of the interrelationship of the other major sub-processes of spermiogenesis. PMID- 7317941 TI - Evidence for exclusive adrenergic innervation of feather muscles (mm. pennati) in the chicken. Histochemical studies and experiments with 5-hydroxydopamine. AB - Feather follicles in the avian skin are interconnected by well-defined bundles of smooth muscle cells, which are responsible for the erection and depression of feathers and thus play an important role in thermoregulation. The depressing and erecting muscle bundles were found to receive a very dense supply of unmyelinated nerve fibres that displayed ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics of noradrenergic axons (formaldehyde- and glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine fluorescence; uptake to 5-hydroxydopamine). No nerve fibres were encountered showing histochemical acetylcholinesterase activity. There was no indication of the presence of peptidergic or purinergic nerve endings. The neuromuscular space usually ranged from 40-60 nm in width and contained a basal lamina. Occasionally, this space was reduced to approximately 20 nm. At such close neuromuscular contacts a basal lamina was lacking, and focal densities beneath the pre- and postsynaptic plasma membrane were observed. Since no gap junctions between muscle cells were detected, the dense supply with noradrenergic nerve fibres indicates a high amount of directly innervated smooth muscle cells. An additional finding of the present study was the observation that high local concentrations of 5 hydroxydopamine led to degeneration of noradrenergic nerve endings. PMID- 7317944 TI - Morphological evidence for the innervation of apocrine sweat glands in the general hairy skin of the goat. AB - A histomorphological and histochemical study was made on the nerve supply to the apocrine sweat glands in the general hairy skin of the goat. In harmony with the previous report that the sweat glands in the goat are functionally under the control of sympathetic nervous system, the present study clearly demonstrates cholinesterase-reactive nerve fibers that closely surround the secretory portion of these glands in most of the hairy skin area, though the nerve network is fairly coarse. Analysis with cholinesterase inhibitors indicated that the sudomotor nerves in the goat contain both specific and non-specific cholinesterase. PMID- 7317945 TI - Toxic effect of carrageenan on lymphoid-follicle associated epithelial cells of the bursa of Fabricius of chickens. AB - The lymphoid-follicle associated epithelial (FAE) cells of the bursa Fabricii of chickens show enzymatic and micropinocytotic activities; they can perform functions reminiscent of those of macrophages. To test this relationship, we checked whether FAE cells are sensitive to carrageenan, a substance widely known to be toxic for macrophages. This substance was gently introduced into the bursal lumen and was left there for a period of 72 to 120 h. The bursae of Fabricius were then examined histologically and histochemically. The result was that the FAE areas had been reduced in number and that their structural pattern had been modified. This effect suggests that FAE cells may be sensitive to carrageenan. The immunological response to SRBC was studied in one group of animals that had received carrageenan. The antibody seemed to elicit an increase in the agglutinins and in the number of direct PFC/spleen against SRBC in comparison with control chickens. On the basis of the morphological and immunological results obtained, the origin and the role of the FAE cells of the bursa of Fabricius are discussed. PMID- 7317947 TI - Development of differential affinities and positional information in embryonic retina cells: inhibition by BrdU. AB - Embryonic neural retina cells fail to develop surface properties for type specific cell recognition if they are transiently exposed to BrdU during an early, critical age. Such cells do not proceed with histogenetic positioning, organization and differentiation and, instead, form a malformed cell mass. This effect of BrdU is correlated with BrdU incorporation into DNA, and it can be prevented by simultaneous treatment of the cells with cytosine arabinoside. The proposed working hypothesis is that, in this system, BrdU interferes with expression of genes controlling cognitive specification of the cell surface. PMID- 7317950 TI - In vitro glucocorticoid inhibition of steroid-treated residual circulatory human lymphocytes. PMID- 7317948 TI - Responses of normal and malignant cells to collagen, collagen-derived peptides and the C5-related tumor cell chemotactic peptide. AB - Two variant subpopulations of murine fibrosarcoma cells that differ significantly in their malignant potential and normal mouse fibroblasts were compared with regard to ability to respond chemotactically to collagen, collagen-derived peptides and the C5-derived tumor cell chemotactic peptide. Two distinct patterns of responsiveness were observed. The normal fibroblasts and non-metastasizing fibrosarcoma cells responded to the collagen products but not the C5 peptide. The metastasizing fibrosarcoma cells responded to the C5 peptide but not to the collagen products. These findings emphasize the similarities between the normal fibroblasts and the non-metastasizing fibrosarcoma cells. PMID- 7317949 TI - Cell surface labeling of embryonic neural retina cells exposed to low temperature, energy inhibitors, cytochalasin B and colchicin. AB - Large blebs devoid of receptors for hemocyanin-labeled concanavalin A appear on neural retina cells from 8-day chick embryos exposed to low temperature or to potassium cyanide or 2,4(alpha)-dinitrophenol at room temperature. Labeling with mixed antibodies against a crude retina membrane preparation and with goat anti rabbit-hemocyanin conjugate showed the same results. Determination of cell ATP content indicated a drop in ATP concentration after exposure to low temperature or to respiration inhibitors. Disruption of microtubules by colchicin inhibited the formation of 'naked' large blebs, whereas cytochalasin B had no such inhibitory effect. PMID- 7317946 TI - Comparative studies of quinacrine-positive neurones in the myenteric plexus of stomach and intestine of guinea-pig, rabbit and rat. AB - The number of quinacrine-fluorescent nerve cell bodies and the percentage of the ganglion area occupied by this fluorescence within stretch preparations of the myenteric plexus of the stomach and ileum of the guinea-pig, rabbit and rat were assessed. The number of quinacrine-positive cell bodies per cm2 of plexus varied between 1045 in the rabbit ileum to 2633 in the rat stomach, whilst the percentage of the ganglionic area occupied by fluorescence was approximately 10%. The distribution of quinacrine-fluorescent nerve fibres and cell bodies in the myenteric plexus was compared to the distribution of nerves revealed by catecholamine fluorescence and by staining for acetylcholinesterase in the stomach and ileum of all three species. Quinacrine fluorescence appears to be selective for non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves; the possibility that it binds to high levels of ATP is discussed. PMID- 7317952 TI - [The effect of adjuvant arthritis on the properties of the liver mono-oxygenase system in the rat]. PMID- 7317951 TI - Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: control of cytotoxic activity by the time interval effector and target cells are exposed to lymphokines. PMID- 7317953 TI - [Radioimmunoassay determination of thyroglobulin in human serum]. PMID- 7317954 TI - [Prognoses and innovative classes of new drugs]. PMID- 7317955 TI - [Photoacoustic spectroscopy - a prospective method for evaluating drugs and their effects]. PMID- 7317956 TI - [Antimicrobial safety of eye drops and their adjustment]. PMID- 7317957 TI - [Early carcinoma of the stomach]. PMID- 7317958 TI - [Modifications of the rectal mucosa in diabetes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317959 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy in the large intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317960 TI - [Modern trends in modeling stochastic processes in neurons]. PMID- 7317962 TI - [v. Hippel-Lindau angiomatosis]. PMID- 7317961 TI - [Measurement of somatomedin activity in blood using a biological method]. PMID- 7317963 TI - [Penetration of cysteine into the rabbit's eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317964 TI - [Ultrastructure of senile cataract in scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317965 TI - [On quinidine amblyopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317966 TI - [Differential diagnosis of rare orbital tumors]. PMID- 7317967 TI - [Eye alterations in malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317968 TI - [The emmetropic eye in ultrasonographic study. IV. Determination of linear dependence of followed quantities (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317969 TI - [Our initial experiences with cryotherapy of herpetic keratitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317971 TI - [A pharmacist's view on collyria (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317973 TI - [Remarks on the evolution of the retinal pigment epithelium, epithelium of the corpus ciliare and the posterior epithelial layers of the iris]. PMID- 7317972 TI - [Therapeutical use of radionuclides in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317970 TI - [Anatomical remarks on the fluorescein test and its modifications (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317974 TI - [Surgical reconstruction of the throat after total laryngopharyngectomy]. PMID- 7317976 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the paranasal cavities]. PMID- 7317975 TI - [Postirradiation hypopharyngeal cancer]. PMID- 7317977 TI - [Rhinopsychrometry in healthy individuals with eutrophic nasal mucosa and in patients with atrophy of the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 7317978 TI - [Lateral aberrant goiter]. PMID- 7317979 TI - [An interesting case of an undescended thyroid gland]. PMID- 7317980 TI - [10 years at the Otoneurology Department of the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic in Brno (1970 to 1979). An analysis of its activities]. PMID- 7317982 TI - [Clinical signs and treatment of C2-C3 dynamic segment block]. PMID- 7317981 TI - [Neuromorphology of joint movement]. PMID- 7317983 TI - [Results of treatment of the lumboischiadic root syndrome]. PMID- 7317984 TI - [15-year study of children with subdural hygroma]. PMID- 7317985 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of intracranial abscesses]. PMID- 7317986 TI - [Recurrent paralysis in the region innervated by the oculomotor nerve]. PMID- 7317988 TI - [Painful ophthalmoplegia (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome)]. PMID- 7317987 TI - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (recurrent algetic ophthalmoplegia)]. PMID- 7317989 TI - [Post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula]. PMID- 7317990 TI - [A case of unusual multiple intracranial aneurysms]. PMID- 7317991 TI - [Development of the suicide rate in the South Moravian Region in 1964-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317992 TI - [Case-history from legal practice - abnormal affective reactions (author's transl]. PMID- 7317993 TI - [Operation of the underground and criminal activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317994 TI - [In some types and possibilities of therapeutic intervention in adolescents (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317995 TI - [Some relations of mental hygiene and psychopharmacology (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317997 TI - [Problems of endogenous and neurotic depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317996 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of three therapeutic programmes in neurosis. I. Design, methods. Report from P 17 SPTR (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317998 TI - [Differentiation of late forms of depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7317999 TI - [Introduction to the clinical problems of psychological disorders in involution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318000 TI - [Therapeutic physical education as part of rehabilitation of schizophrenics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318001 TI - [An attempt to objectify depression in involution (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318003 TI - [Recondition camp courses as one of the possibilities of mental-condition rehabilitation in diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318004 TI - [On the share of education in psychotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318002 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of tranylcypromine, nortriptyline, thioridazine and amitriptyline in two syndromological types of endogenous depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318005 TI - [Mental symptoms in slow viral infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318006 TI - [Some social factors in exogenous and genetically-conditioned minimal mental retardation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318007 TI - [The child with paroxysmal disease at school (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318008 TI - [Our problems with chronic psychotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318010 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy in hypotrophic newborn infants with a low birth weight]. PMID- 7318009 TI - [The effect of long-acting bronchodilator agents and their repeated administration on respiratory pathway patency in asthmatic children studied in the flow-volume curve method]. PMID- 7318012 TI - [Seckel's syndrome. Seckel's dwarfism with bird-head]. PMID- 7318011 TI - [Reactions after immunization with the triple vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis]. PMID- 7318013 TI - [Injuries of the bones and joints in children]. PMID- 7318014 TI - [Anorexia nervosa as a model of psychosomatic relationships]. PMID- 7318015 TI - [The incidence, clinical picture and course of anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7318016 TI - [Somatic, laboratory and EEG findings in anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7318017 TI - [The family constellation and anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 7318018 TI - [Therapy of anorexia nervosa aimed at depressive manifestations]. PMID- 7318019 TI - [The chronically ill child and his family]. PMID- 7318021 TI - Micro-determination of lipoperoxide in the mouse myocardium by thiobarbituric acid fluorophotometry. PMID- 7318020 TI - [Annual reports of the work of Infant Institutes and Childrens' Homes for 1 to 3 year-old children from 1975 to 1979 and the effect of the law on foster care]. PMID- 7318023 TI - Studies on human prostatic acid phosphatase. IV. Stabilization of prostatic acid phosphatase against thermal inactivation by the homologous antibody. PMID- 7318022 TI - Studies on immunological assay of urinary estrogens. IV. Comparison of the latex agglutination inhibition reaction method with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 7318024 TI - Effect of dl-3-pyridylalanine on serotonin concentration and tryptophan-serotonin metabolizing enzymes in rats. PMID- 7318025 TI - The effect of ubiquitin hexadecapeptide fragment on E-rosette forming cells of a uremic patient. PMID- 7318026 TI - Inhibitory effects of stomachic crude drugs on digestive enzymes. PMID- 7318027 TI - Rectal delivery of antiinflammatory drugs. I. The influence of antiinflammatory drugs on rectal absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 7318028 TI - Effects of drug binding on the esterase-like activity of human serum albumin. IV. Application of an analog computer to determination of the multiple dissociation constants. PMID- 7318029 TI - Synthesis and selective activity of cholinergic agents with rigid skeletons. II. PMID- 7318030 TI - Synthesis and selective activity of cholinergic agents with rigid skeletons. III. PMID- 7318031 TI - Shape-transforming action of myrmicacin (3-hydroxydecanoic acid) and some related compounds on the membrane of intact human erythrocytes. PMID- 7318032 TI - The use of chitin and chitosan as drug carriers. PMID- 7318033 TI - Synthesis of a heptacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). PMID- 7318034 TI - Synthesis of immunologically active muramyl dipeptide derivatives containing a quinonyl moiety via aminoacyl intermediates. PMID- 7318040 TI - Biopharmaceutical characteristics of indomethacin gel ointment. PMID- 7318036 TI - Chemistry and biochemistry of Chinese drugs. VII. Cytostatic pheophytins from silkworm excreta, and derived photocytotoxic pheophorbides. PMID- 7318037 TI - Determination of residual diaveridine and sulfaquinoxaline in Hen's egg, chicken plasma and tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7318038 TI - Studies on Scutellariae radix. III. Effects on lipid metabolism in serum, liver and fat cells of rats. PMID- 7318041 TI - Effects of drug binding on the esterase-like activity of human serum albumin. III. Evaluation of reactivities of the two active sites by using clofibric acid as an inhibitor. PMID- 7318039 TI - Effects of synthetic thymopoietin II fragments on E-rosette forming cells of a rheumatoid arthritis patient. PMID- 7318042 TI - Syntheses of 2-Sulfamoylmethylbenzoxazole derivatives and determination of their anticonvulsant activities. PMID- 7318035 TI - Synthesis of (22R)- and (22S)-22,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and determination of their biological activity. PMID- 7318045 TI - Effect of modification of albumin on tolbutamide-serum albumin binding. PMID- 7318043 TI - Antitumor activity of 3-nitroso-2-oxazolidones. PMID- 7318044 TI - Zinc accumulation and succinate dehydrogenase activation in hepatic mitochondria of rats orally administered zinc sulfate. PMID- 7318046 TI - Heterogeneity of histamine N-methyltransferase. PMID- 7318047 TI - Anti-platelet aggregation principles from the bark of Fraxinus japonica Blume. PMID- 7318048 TI - Saturated and unsaturated 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines derived from ratfish liver oil: effect on human leukocyte migration. AB - A mixture of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines containing saturated alkyl moieties and a mixture of such compounds with saturated and unsaturated alkyl moieties, prepared from ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei) liver oil, were studied for their in vitro effect on human neutrophil migration. The mixture containing unsaturated compounds (II) was more active compared to the saturated (I) ones at a range from 10(-6) M to 10(-10) M concentrations. At 10(-4) M, II was cytotoxic. Both I and II were more potent than synthetic "PAF-acether" (III) and the material prepared from beef heart plasmalogens (IV). Preincubation and checkerboard titration experiments showed that the ether phospholipids derived from ratfish liver oil have primarily chemokinetic, but also chemotactic effects on neutrophils, as has been reported fo compound III. These compounds are therefore highly potent stimulants of human neutrophils with potentially unique membrane-activating properties. PMID- 7318049 TI - Effect of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAF-acether) on leukocytes I. Analysis of the in vitro migration of human neutrophils. AB - The effect of synthetic 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-30-phosphocholine (PAF-acether) and of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF-acether) on human neutrophil migration was studied in modified Boyden chambers, with the following results: (1) By checkerboard analysis and deactivation experiments, the factors are chemokinetic at low (10(-8) M) and chemotactic at higher concentrations (10(-6) M), with lyso-PAF-acether being less potent at all concentrations. (2) Cross-deactivation occurs between the two PAF compounds, but not with two other chemotactic factors, suggesting a specific, common receptor for the PAFs on the neutrophil membrane. (3) Other chemotactic substances may act as potentiating or additive factors to the PAF compounds. (4) Inhibition of arachidonic acid turnover during chemotaxis by compound BW 755 C enhances leukocyte chemotaxis towards the PAF compounds and towards other chemotactic factors. The data suggest that PAF and its lyso-derivate may contribute in a unique and potent fashion to leukocyte accumulation at inflammatory sites. PMID- 7318050 TI - Digestion and absorption of a sulphoxide analogue of triacylglycerol in the rat. AB - The stereochemistry of fat digestion and absorption was studied by feeding a triacylglycerol analogue to rats with a thoracic duct cannula. The analogue, rac 1,2-dioleoyl-3-S-tetradecyl-3-thioglycerol-S-oxide was chosen since its enantiomers exhibited high rotation in optical rotary dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD). In the chyle, triacylglycerol was the major lipid but X 1,2-diacyl-3-S-tetradecyl-3-thioglycerol-S-oxide constituted 8% of lipid weight. It was resolved by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) into two diastereomers. Each of the diastereomers were analyzed for the proportions of 1-thio-sn-glycerol/3 thio-sn-glycerol isomers by ORD and CD. The 1-thio-sn-glycerol isomers dominated for both compounds indicating that they were enriched during the absorption processes, since a racemic compound was fed. The stereospecificities are probably exerted by acyltransferase(s) during chyle lipid synthesis. The methods used will be valuable tools in studies on the metabolism of enantiomeric glycerides and also for characterization of naturally occurring sulphur-containing lipids. PMID- 7318052 TI - [Free-living Amoebae in fresh water. Study of the water supply of the town of Poitiers (France) (author's transl)]. AB - 46 out of 76 samples of water originating from the water supply of the town of Poitiers, and concerning each stage of it, were found positive to free-living amoebae. 3/4 of the isolated strains belonged to the genus Acanthamoeba only 2 to the genus Naegleria, and the remaining to the genus Hartmanella. All the strains are insensible to 5-Fluoro-cytosin and Amphotericin B at concentrations compatible with human use. No experimental pathogen power could be demonstrated by inoculation to laboratory mice. PMID- 7318051 TI - [Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis serotype HI4, for larvae of sandflies, the leishmaniasis vectors (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318053 TI - [Fluctuations affecting the measurement of microfilaremia (author's transl)]. AB - A statistical analysis was conducted, in order to compare the variations in values of a) blood samples obtained with several finger-pricks from the same individual in a short period of time, and b) blood samples obtained from the same finger-puncture. No significant difference was observed: both groups seem to follow a negative binomial distribution, the exponent of which is not dependent on the microfilarial count average. This common exponent is roughly equal to the volume of the blood sample, expressed in cmm. PMID- 7318054 TI - [Determination of ascorbic acid in the aqueous humor following ingestion of vitamin C and B1]. PMID- 7318055 TI - [Sector occlusion in 1979]. PMID- 7318056 TI - [Beta-blocking RN collyrium: an agent disclosing a dysfunction of the sinus node]. PMID- 7318057 TI - [Optic disk vasculitis and sinusitis. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 7318058 TI - [Ocular herpes: which antiviral agents should be chosen?]. PMID- 7318059 TI - [Juvenile form of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 7318064 TI - [Aphakic vitreous body, fellow to an aphakic eye with retinal detachment (preliminary note apropos of 15 cases)]. PMID- 7318060 TI - [Massive scleral necrosis following surgery for retinal detachment. Success of the lyophilized scleral grafts]. PMID- 7318063 TI - [The place of surgery of the vertical component in the treatment of esotropia]. PMID- 7318061 TI - [Atypical manifestations of ocular candidiasis]. PMID- 7318065 TI - [Modification of intraocular pressure in the days following phako-exeresis]. PMID- 7318062 TI - [Peripheral chorioretinal anastomosis of traumatic origin]. PMID- 7318066 TI - [Orbital phlebography]. PMID- 7318068 TI - [Regional cutaneous impregnation following a fluorescein injection]. PMID- 7318067 TI - [Orbital varices manifested by prolonged diplopia]. PMID- 7318069 TI - [Eye burns caused by formic acid in agriculture]. PMID- 7318070 TI - [Dura mater in the treatment of orbital floor fractures]. PMID- 7318071 TI - [Corneal endothelium and extracapsular implantation]. PMID- 7318073 TI - [2 cases of persistence and hyperplasia of the primary vitreous body]. PMID- 7318072 TI - [Fluorescence angiography and tomodensitometry in the diagnosis of tumors of the ciliary body in the presence of a cataract - apropos of a case]. PMID- 7318074 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy and pregnancy]. PMID- 7318075 TI - [Herpetic encephalitis and retinitis in an adult: apropos of a case]. PMID- 7318076 TI - [The effect of atmospheric disturbances in the precipitation of idiopathic retinal detachment]. PMID- 7318080 TI - [Lateral homonymous hemianopsia with anosognosia and spatial disorientation following coronariography]. PMID- 7318079 TI - [Eyeglasses and anti-blocking sectors from the age of 2 months]. PMID- 7318077 TI - [Macular edema in pigmented retinopathy - apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 7318078 TI - [Ophthalmological manifestations in the Williams-Beuren syndrome]. PMID- 7318082 TI - [A rare disease: congenital pre-retinal macular fibrosis]. PMID- 7318081 TI - [Recession of the rectus medialis (practical results of biometric data)]. PMID- 7318083 TI - [Deposits on soft lenses. Iconographic aspect]. PMID- 7318084 TI - [Surgery of advanced glaucoma]. PMID- 7318085 TI - [Recurrent vitreous hemorrhages of unusual etiology]. PMID- 7318086 TI - [Post-radiotherapy retinal vascular lesions]. PMID- 7318087 TI - [Papillitis in Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease]. PMID- 7318090 TI - [Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. Tomodensitometric diagnosis. Association with angioma of the choroid]. PMID- 7318089 TI - [Diagnostic advances in orbital rhabdomyosarcoma in the child]. PMID- 7318088 TI - [Scleromalacia in a case of chronic atrophic polychondritis]. PMID- 7318091 TI - [Giant kerato-acanthoma of the palpebral region. (Diagnostic and therapeutic problems)]. PMID- 7318092 TI - [New anatomic data on the excretory lacrimal ducts]. PMID- 7318093 TI - [Dacryocystorhinostomy : causes of failure]. PMID- 7318094 TI - [2 cases of megalocornea]. PMID- 7318095 TI - [Visual function in aniridia]. PMID- 7318096 TI - [Intracamera implants : first results of the University clinic in Basel]. PMID- 7318097 TI - [A case of confirmed sympathetic ophthalmia]. PMID- 7318098 TI - [Angiographic aspect of a cavernous hemangioma of the retina]. PMID- 7318099 TI - [Rendu-Osler familial hemorrhagic telangiectasia with retinal localization]. PMID- 7318102 TI - [A case of acute necrosis of the hypophysis]. PMID- 7318101 TI - [2 cases of Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome]. PMID- 7318100 TI - [Pediatric form of chloroquine retinopathy]. PMID- 7318103 TI - [Post-traumatic Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis]. PMID- 7318104 TI - [Correlations between ophthalmodynamometry, Doppler and carotid angiography in asymptomatic carotid stenosis]. PMID- 7318105 TI - [Technic for indentation of posterior retinal holes. Posterior cerclage]. PMID- 7318108 TI - [Albinism and nystagmus in children]. PMID- 7318106 TI - [Technic for enucleation if a closed chamber for malignant melanoma of the choroid]. PMID- 7318107 TI - [Surgical approach to the orbit]. PMID- 7318109 TI - [Humid-chamber eyeglasses in the treatment of dry keratitis]. PMID- 7318111 TI - [The test of muscular elongation without desinsertion in surgery of strabismus]. PMID- 7318112 TI - [Prognostic study of the crisis of acute angle-closure glaucoma]. PMID- 7318110 TI - [Cogan's cogenital oculo-motor apraxia : a new case]. PMID- 7318114 TI - [Nuclear ecology]. PMID- 7318113 TI - [Contribution to research on addictive drugs in the body]. PMID- 7318115 TI - [Health policies regarding the problem of scoliosis in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]. PMID- 7318116 TI - [Results of 10 years' detection of scoliosis organized in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]. PMID- 7318117 TI - Endogenous opioid peptides. PMID- 7318118 TI - [Management of scoliosis with vertebral traction]. PMID- 7318119 TI - [Genetic aspects of scoliosis]. PMID- 7318120 TI - Vindesine. A phase II trial in advanced breast cancer patients. AB - A phase II trial of vindesine (VDS), a new vinca alkaloid, has been carried out in 40 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients entered in the study had been previously treated with an average of two chemotherapy regimens. Treatment was given as a weekly I.V. bolus of VDS at 3 mg/m2. The response rate in 31 evaluable patients was 19%, i.e., one complete response (CR), four partial responses, and one improvement in osseous disease (IMP). In 36 patients evaluable for toxicity, neurological and hematological toxicity was most significant. Half the patients treated had received previous vincristine therapy; this factor did not appear significant with regard to toxicity or response to VDS. PMID- 7318122 TI - Phase II study of dibromodulcitol in colorectal, kidney, and other carcinomas. AB - In a phase II study dibromodulcitol (DBD), an alpha-omega dibrominated hexitol, was used to treat 99 previously treated patients with colon, rectal, kidney, and other tumors. Six patients were ineligible and 10 patients were nonevaluable for response. Aside from thrombocytopenia toxicity was moderate. Twenty-three patients had platelet nadirs of less than 50,000/mm3 and there were three thrombocytopenic-associated drug deaths. One of 21 rectal and 1 of 13 kidney cancer patients entered a remission. All but seven patients had received previous treatment with one or more cytotoxic agents. Previously treated patients with colorectal and kidney cancer appear to be resistant to DBD. PMID- 7318121 TI - Evaluation of beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine combined with methyl-CCNU or mitomycin in advanced colorectal cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Two hundred twenty eligible patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with a combination of beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine (BTG), plus methyl-CCNU or mitomycin. There was no significant difference in overall response (CR/PR + stable) among fully evaluable patients between the mitomycin plus BTG arm 19/96 (19.7%) and the MeCCNU arm 26/87 (29.8%). Median survival of eligible patients was 19 weeks with mitomycin plus BTG versus 21 weeks with MeCCNU plus BTG: no difference. Median survival of responders (40 weeks) and patients with stable disease (35 weeks) was significantly better than patients with increasing disease (17 weeks): p + 0.001. PMID- 7318123 TI - Phase II trial of methyl-G (methylglyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - Fourteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received methyl-G weekly at a starting dose of 600 mg/m2 (five patients) and 500 mg/m2 (nine patients) intravenously. All 14 patients are evaluable for response and toxicity. No antitumor responses were observed. Six patients achieved stabilization of disease for 8 to 42 weeks. Toxicity was nonhematologic and included nausea or vomiting (35%), fever with shaking chills (28%), diarrhea (21%), myalgia (63%), paresthesia (49%), and bilateral foot drop (7%). Methyl-G does not appear to have activity against renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7318124 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow in a patient with resistant neuroblastoma. AB - Using flow cytometric analysis, we followed changes in a patient's bone marrow which was infiltrated with cells resistant to chemotherapy. Samples taken prior to, during, and after treatment with dianhydrogalactitol (2 days), cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea (2 days), and Adriamycin (2 days) contained an aneuploid population of cells which exhibited changes in ploidy, viability, and distribution in cell cycle compartment. The restricted changes in cell ploidy and viability of tumor cells encountered as well as limited increases in S phase on day 4 and G2 phase on day 6 with a rebound on day 9 of G1 phase cells suggest the tumor to be sensitive to dianhydrogalactitol but not to the other agents used. PMID- 7318125 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Malonato (1,2 diaminocyclohexane) platinum. AB - Malonato-(1,2 diaminocyclohexane) platinum (MP) is a new platinum analog currently undergoing phase I clinical trials. Using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the pharmacokinetics of MP were studied at five dosage levels. The drug was given as a prolonged intravenous infusion, lasting from 6 to 24 hours. Peak plasma platinum concentrations (Pt) were seen at the end of the infusion, and ranged from 1.1 microgram/ml when 3 mg/kg was given to 14-20.5 micrograms/ml at the 24-mg/kg level. Following completion of the infusion, a prolonged T1/2 beta (mean 63.5 hours) was noted. The percentage of free:total platinum was high (90-95%) at the beginning of the infusion but fell rapidly, to only 15-21% at the end of the 24-hour infusions. Urinary excretion accounted for 16-37.5% of the total administered dose. MP appears to have several pharmacokinetic features in common with cisplatin: rapid binding to protein, a prolonged terminal phase half-life involving primarily bound platinum, and incomplete excretion by the kidney. PMID- 7318127 TI - An alternative model for the evaluation of antitumor activity. AB - To date, in cancer clinical trials, treatment programs have been evaluated using objective tumor response as the primary means to demonstrate antitumor activity. This measure, which is based upon a dichotomous outcome whether or not a 50% decrease in tumor area has occurred, is complemented by the alternative measure of the distribution of the ratio of the tumor area taken at a fixed time point compared to the tumor area at the start of protocol treatment. It is inferred that the distribution of the tumor area ratio obeys a log-normal distribution for advanced gastric cancer and that this result may hold for many advanced measurable cancer studies. The identification of this distribution allows for the evaluation of treatment programs using parametric tests. In situations where log normality does not apply, a Normal Scores test is recommended. This concept may be applied to completed studies to gain additional perspective regarding antitumor activity. A marked reduction in sample size requirements can be achieved when the tumor area ratio is used as a study design criteria. This approach is especially recommended in the phase II setting. PMID- 7318126 TI - A phase of I trial of 4'-epi-Adriamycin. AB - 4'-epi-adriamycin was administered intravenously on an every-3-week schedule to 34 patients with advanced malignant tumors. Patients were treated at five dosage levels, ranging from 40 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2. Hematologic toxicity was dose limiting. No cardiac, renal, or hepatic toxicity was observed; there were no drug related deaths. Partial alopecia developed in all patients receiving a cumulative dose of 200 mg/m2; mild nausea and vomiting occurred in 13 patients. Although major therapeutic responses were not seen in this phase I trial, 2 of 15 patients with objectively measurable disease showed minor responses; 7 patients had stabilization of previously progressing cancer for 3 to 5+ months. A dose of 85 mg/m2 of epi-Adriamycin every 3 weeks seems an appropriate initial dose for phase II studies in patients having a performance status of 70 or higher. A starting dose of 70 mg/m2 is recommended for patients having a lower performance status. PMID- 7318128 TI - Phase I study of aziridinylbenzoquinone (NSC 182986). AB - A phase I clinical study of aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ) was conducted in 33 patients with various types of advanced solid tumors to evaluate its toxicity and efficacy. The initial dose of 0.5 mg/m2/day X 5 days repeated at 3-week intervals was progressively increased to a maximum dose of 12.0 mg/m2/day. Thrombocytopenia was the dose-limiting toxic effect; it was delayed, cumulative, and occurred more often in patients with extensive prior chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Anemia was common and severe at higher doses, while nausea and vomiting were observed only in some patients and usually were mild. Objective tumor regressions were observed in 3 of 17 patients who received biologically active doses of AZQ, i.e., 6 mg/m2/day or higher. Minor responses were seen in two of three patients with malignant melanoma and in a patient with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. The recommended starting dose of AZQ for good-risk patients is 8.0 mg/m2/day X 5 days for phase II studies. PMID- 7318129 TI - VP-16-213. A phase II trial using a weekly schedule. AB - Forty-six patients with various malignancies refractory to standard chemotherapy were treated with VP-16-213 using a weekly schedule. Only one patient responded to this regimen. perivenous infiltration of VP-16-213 resulted in a soft-tissue ulceration; this side effect has not been reported before. We conclude that VP-16 213 is of little utility when used in a weekly fashion in previously treated patients. PMID- 7318130 TI - Statistical inference in the analysis of radiation compliance and its relation to treatment outcome. AB - A recent report in the literature was unable to associate the local--regional recurrence rates in breast cancer with deviations from the protocol's recommended dosages. The investigators proceeded to infer that there was "acceptable leeway" in the use of radiotherapy. The present manuscript examines the validity of certain statistical inferences drawn by these investigators. PMID- 7318131 TI - Optimization of radiotherapy. Some notes on the principles and practice of optimization in cancer treatment and implications for clinical research. AB - Two methods dominate cancer treatment--one, the traditional best practice, individualized treatment method and two, the a priori determined decision method of the interinstitutional, cooperative, clinical trial. In the first, choices are infinite and can be made at the time of treatment; in the second, choices are finite and are made in advance of treatment on a random basis. Neither method systematically selects, identifies, or formalizes the optimum level of effect in the treatment chosen. Of the two, it can be argued that the first, other things being equal, is more likely to select the optimum treatment. The determination of level of effect for the optimization of cancer treatment requires the generation of dose-response relationships for both benefit and risk and the introduction of benefit and risk considerations and judgements. The clinical trial, as presently constituted, doses not yield this kind of information, it being, generally, of the binary yes or no, better or worse type. The best practice, individualized treatment method can yield, when adequately documented, both a range of dose response relationships and a variety of benefit and risk considerations. The presentation will be limited to a consideration of a single modality of cancer treatment, radiation therapy, but an analogy with other modalities of cancer treatment will be inferred. Criteria for optimization will be developed and graphic means for its identification and formalization will be demonstrated with examples taken from the radiotherapy literature. The general problem of optimization theory and practice will be discussed; the necessity for its exploration in relation to the increasing complexity of cancer treatment will be developed; and recommendations for clinical research will be made including a proposal for the support of clinics as an alternative to the support of programs. PMID- 7318132 TI - Cardio-respiratory fitness and muscular strength in the lower-limb disabled. AB - The International Year of the Disabled Person has focused increased attention upon the fitness status of the wheelchair-confined. Review of the world literature indicates that cardio-respiratory assessment has been based relatively equally upon forearm cycling or wheelchair ergometry; each of these techniques have particular advantages. The evaluation of muscular strength and endurance has received much less attention, in spite of the importance of these factors to the daily function of the lower-limb impaired. Also neglected in the past has been the psychological correlates of spinal cord trauma and their possible interaction with attitudes concerning physical activity. Fitness is often poor in the disabled, and everyday wheelchair propulsion does not seem to provide a sufficient stimulus for cardio-respiratory adaptation. Additional training in the form of forearm pedalling, exercises with weights or wheelchair sports may provide an effective means of improving cardio-respiratory fitness and muscle function. Indeed, research on disabled athletes has suggested that with persistent sports participation or fitness conditioning many wheelchair-confined individuals can make a relatively good physiological and psychological adaptation. PMID- 7318133 TI - The value of sport in the rehabilitation of the physically disabled. AB - Sports for a variety of physical disabilities are discussed with regard to the classification of athletes, the sporting activities available, and the physical and psychosocial advantages to disabled groups to be gained from participation in sports. The benefits to the able-bodied community are also mentioned. PMID- 7318135 TI - A field test for the prediction of aerobic capacity in male paraplegics and quadraplegics. PMID- 7318136 TI - The mechanical efficiency of wheelchair dependent women during wheelchair ergometry. AB - Few previous studies have attempted to study the response of disabled women to work in a wheelchair. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical efficiency of wheelchair dependent women (WCD) during progressively loaded wheelchair ergometry. Five WCD subjects with an average confinement of 17.8 years were compared to five able bodied women (AB). Neither maximal oxygen uptake, 1.121 WCD and 1.485 AB (L X min-1) or maximal power outputs, 41.6 WCD and 44.1 AB (watts) were significantly different for the groups. The WCD group, however, demonstrated significantly higher mechanical efficiencies at comparable power outputs, p greater than 0.05. This difference remained when comparisons at about 60, 80, and 90% of VO2 max were made. The average efficiencies over these metabolic levels were 14% WCD and 10.6% AB. Stroke length consistently reduced as power outputs increased with the values lower for the WCD subjects. Average values for the submaximal workloads were 3.17 WCD and 3.76 AB (m x stroke-1) which meant a difference that was 18.6% greater in length for the AB group. The possible influence of this upon the efficiency of wheelchair locomotion was discussed. PMID- 7318134 TI - Walking out of doors: the plight of the elderly. AB - Little attention has been given in gerontological literature to the walking ability of the elderly, yet this is important to the maintenance of both physical and social health. This study combines land use data and data derived from interviews with old people to establish how far they walk, and also presents tentative conclusions on their ability to deal with gradients. In addition it describes how various facets of the neighbourhood environment which highlight the physical limitations of old people militate against outdoor walking. PMID- 7318137 TI - Cyclic variations in perceived exertion and physical work capacity in females. PMID- 7318140 TI - Daily energy expenditure of young boys as related to maximal aerobic power. AB - Daily energy expenditure, and participation in regular physical activity over one year, were determined in 28 boys (age 12.3 years) by (1) heart rate (fh) recorded on an oxford Medilog tape recorder and used to approximate energy expenditure using individual fh-VO2 relationships established from a standard step test; total daily average energy expenditure, time spent, and energy expended in activity above a defined threshold, training fh = (.6 (fh max - fh rest) + fh rest) and, (2) a questionnaire designed to determine involvement in regular physical activities over the preceeding year. Maximal oxygen uptake (2.47 +/- 0.36 l-min-1) was measured on a treadmill test. A step-wise multiple regression analysis was used to describe the association between maximal aerobic power and the measures of body size (wt. - 43.8 kg, ht. - 152.2 cm), fatness (sum of skinfolds -67.4 mm), daily energy expenditure (11.66 MJ), and participation in regular physical activity. Body mass and fatness made the only significant contributions to the variance (R2 = 0.77). The relationship was VO2 (l.min-1) = 0.47 (body mass- kg) -0.04 (sum of 6 skinfolds) + 0.71. Measures of daily energy expenditure, the time the heart rate was above a training threshold, and the number of regular physical activities, added little to the measured variance (R2 = 0.78) above that accounted for by body mass amd fatness. PMID- 7318142 TI - A digital integrator for The Wingate Test of Anaerobic Capacity. PMID- 7318138 TI - The use of the aerobic threshold as a basis for training. AB - Results from training studies, whose intensity is usually prescribed relative to VO2max, have shown wide variation in improvement among subjects with similar initial fitness levels. Since aerobic thresholds (AerT) of untrained males range from 35 to 65% VO2max, a large variation in stimulation and improvement may result in persons with different AerT values but similar fitness levels. The use of AerT as a training criterion was studied in 14 secondary males with an initial VO2max less than 47 ml.kg-1 min-1 and AerT values either greater than 55% or less than 45% VO2max. One group trained relative to VO2max (% MAX; N = 8) while the other trained relative to AerT (% AerT; N = 6) on the cycle ergometer 30-45 min.day-1, 3 times week-1 for 8 weeks. Intensity increased from 55 to 65% VO2max for the % MAX group and from 5 to 15% above individual AerT values for the % AerT group. Average intensity for the two groups was identical. Improvements in VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1) from pre- to post-training were significantly greater for the % AerT group compared to the % MAX group (38.3 to 47.2 and 36.9 to 43.6, respectively). No difference in the variability of response to training was found between groups. There was a significant increase in absolute AerT values but no change was found when expressed relative to VO2max. It was concluded that the use of a training intensity relative to AerT values was as effective as % VO2max in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness in initially untrained males. PMID- 7318141 TI - Cortical bone, body size, and skeletal maturity in ice hockey players 10 to 12 years of age. AB - Cortical bone dimensions of the second metacarpal were analyzed relative to chronological age, skeletal maturity and body size in 280 ice hockey players 10 through 12 years of age. Defencemen had the largest cortical bone dimensions, followed by forwards and goalkeepers respectively. After removing the effects of height, weight, chronological age, and skeletal age by analysis of covariance procedures, boys at the forward position had larger estimated periosteal diameter, cortical thickness, and cortical area, than either defencemen of goalkeepers. Compared to non-athletic boys from Montreal and Philadelphia, the young hockey players had a larger periosteal diameter, cortical thickness, and cortical area for the same stature. The results suggest a possible role for the effects of physical activity on cortical bone deposition. PMID- 7318139 TI - Relationships of age and sex with range of motion of seventeen joint actions in humans. AB - This study investigated the relationship of age and sex with the range of motion of seventeen joint actions at eight joints. A sample of 190 male and female subjects ranging in age from 18 to 88 years were measured using a modified version of Leighton's (1942) procedures. The data were analyzed to obtain test retest reliability, to determine significant differences in flexibility across age, and to assess sex differences in flexibility. The following conclusions were made: a general decline in flexibility of joints occurs with age; upper extremity joints do not readily reflect this decreased flexibility with age; the configuration of flexibility is specific to the joint action and; females have greater flexibility than males throughout life. PMID- 7318143 TI - Human tumor clonogenic assays. An overview. PMID- 7318144 TI - Quantitative association between the in vitro human tumor stem cell assay and clinical response to cancer chemotherapy. AB - Objective methods have been developed to quantitate results of the in vitro human tumor stem cell assay, the degree of the association between the in vitro assay and clinical response as well as the likelihood of response. Methods considered to quantitate in vitro assay data included first-order kinetics of percent survival with drug concentration, minimal percent of tumor colony-forming unit survival at low drug concentrations, and area under the in vitro percent survival drug concentration curve. Based upon experimental data, the percent tumor colony survival and the area under the curve (i.e., in vitro sensitivity indices) were concluded to better account than other methods for the commonly observed nonlinear shape of the in vitro curves. The two methods also yielded equivalent quantitative descriptions of the in vitro data. A logistic regression model was used for explicit quantitation of the relationship between the in vitro sensitivity index and predicted probability of clinical response. Very high association was observed between the predicted in vivo and actual clinical response for the cytotoxic drugs considered. Incorporation of other pharmacologic and patient prognostic factors into the quantitative methods is discussed and shown to improve their effectiveness. PMID- 7318145 TI - Potentials and possible pitfalls of human stem cell analysis. AB - A clonogenic cell assay for malignant brain tumors that permits the evaluation of tumor cell sensitivity to BCNU and that correlates with patient response to BCNU has been developed. The potential for a stem cell analysis of human tumors has been demonstrated by studies of the reasons for clinical drug failure, tumor heterogeneity, and age-response relationships. The basic requirements of a stem cell assay include the ability to dissociate representative single cells from solid tumors, to optimize culture conditions, and to characterize the growth of colonies. Exposure of cells to a drug in vitro must be comparable to the in situ situation; possible significant differences between short-term and "continuous" treatment methods are emphasized. Also discussed are criteria for in vitro sensitivity of cells, problems inherent in the "early" evaluation of cultures (at the cell "cluster" stage), and the effects of system errors, which if overcome should lead to the development of analytic methods with a maximum sensitivity and predictive value. PMID- 7318147 TI - Human tumor cloning: feasibility and clinical correlations. AB - The human tumor cloning system is a soft agar technique which allows the growth of human tumors in vitro. We report here our experience with culturing 2,365 patients' tumors in the system. Overall 1,844 (78%) have formed colonies in vitro. However, only 51% have formed greater than or equal to 30 colonies per 500,000 cells plated. Despite the limitations of inadequate growth for some tumors there are a number of clinical applications for the system, which are reported here. These include: (1) Use of the system to predict for sensitivity of an individual patient's tumor to a particular chemotherapeutic agent; (2) screening new anticancer agents to predict for in vivo activity; 3) monitoring patients' bone marrows for tumor involvement; and (4) use of the number of colonies which form in the assay as a prognostic factor for survival. All of these clinical applications are in their infancy of development and will require carefully designed prospective trials to determine the final place of the human tumor cloning system in the practice of clinical oncology. PMID- 7318146 TI - Pharmacologic studies of anticancer drugs with the human tumor stem cell assay. AB - To optimize the human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) for clinical and research purposes we have carried out in vitro pharmacology studies. Useful observations were made in four areas. (1) Drug assay design: The predictive accuracy of the HTSCA depends on the in vitro testing of drug concentrations of less than 10% of those which are pharmacologically achievable with standard in vivo drug doses. The use of unrealistically high in vitro concentrations can accurately predict clinical drug resistance, but is likely to yield high false-positive rates of clinical response prediction. (2) Drug scheduling: For certain schedule-dependent drugs, as well as those with a prolonged plasma half-life and those used according to a repeated daily schedule, prolonged in vitro exposure (rather than 1 h) may be needed to provide an adequate in vitro design. For an accurate prediction of sensitivity of tumor colony-forming units (TCFUs) to continuous drug contact in the agar, concentrations should be in the range of 1/300 that used for the standard 1-h exposure prior to plating. (3) Drug combinations: In preliminary studies of combination chemotherapy in vitro we commonly observed at least additive effects with low doses of cis-platinum plus either vinblastine or adriamycin. (4) Drug bioactivation: Rat liver microsomes or S-9 fraction were used to activate cyclophosphamide for in vitro effect, and satisfactory dose response curves were observed for the inhibition of TCFUs. Such pharmacologic studies will be required for a wide variety of standard and new agents and will probably become a regular aspect of investigation of new anticancer drugs. PMID- 7318149 TI - Assessment of the carcinogenic N-nitrosodiethanolamine in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. AB - A simple, reproducible gas chromatography-thermal energy analyzer (g.c.-TEA) method has been developed for the analysis of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) in tobacco and tobacco smoke. The extract of tobacco or the trapped particulates of tobacco smoke are chromatographed on silica gel. The NDELA containing fractions are concentrated, silylated and analyzed with a modified g.c.-TEA system. [14C]NDELA serves as internal standard for the quantitative analysis. Experimental cigarettes made from tobaccos which were treated with the sucker growth inhibitor maleic hydrazidediethanolamine (MH-DELA) contained 115--420 p.p.b. of NDELA and their smoke contained 20--290 ng/cigarette, whereas hand suckered tobacco and its smoke were free of NDELA. The tobacco of US smoking products contained 115--420 p.p.b. of NDELA and the mainstream smoke from such products yielded 10--68 ng/cigar or cigarette. NDELA levels in chewing tobacco ranged from 220--280 p.p.b. and in two commercial snuff products were 3,200 and 6,800 p.p.b. Although the five analyzed MH-DELA preparations contained between 0.6--1.9 p.p.m. NDELA it is evident that the major portion of NDELA in tobacco is formed from the DELA residue during the tobacco processing. Based on bioassay data from various laboratories which have shown that NDELA is a relatively strong carcinogen and based on the results of this study the use of MH-DELA for the cultivation of tobacco is questioned. PMID- 7318148 TI - A human platelet-derived inhibitor of unscheduled DNA synthesis in resting lymphocytes. AB - We have examined the possibility of using heparinized whole human blood samples to estimate individual levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). The unscheduled incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the DNA from the cells in whole blood treated for 20 h with 20--100 microM doses of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA AAF) was inhibited over the levels of UDS calculated in platelet-depleted whole blood treated with NA-AAF in the same manner. A platelet-derived inhibitor of UDS in the mononuclear blood cell fraction (resting lymphocytes) was characterized (a) as requiring about 17.5 x 10(6) platelets to inhibit UDS in 1 x 10(6) lymphocytes; (b) as being released without direct platelet contact to lymphocytes; (c) as not being identified as one of the well known platelet release factors such as cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, sodium arachidonate, CaCl2, ADP or prostaglandin E1; (d) as apparently being stored in platelets as a stable product since it could be found in a physiological saline lysate from platelets; and finally (e) as inhibiting semi-conservative DNA synthesis in lymphocytes as effectively as it does UDS. PMID- 7318150 TI - Inhibition of methylcholanthrene-induced skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Hairless mice were given 5 topical applications of 470 nmol 20-methylcholanthrene (MCA) at one week intervals. In one experimental group the MCA was dissolved in reagent grade acetone alone, in another group it was dissolved in a mixture consisting of 50% acetone and 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A control group received the mixed solvent alone. The animals were observed for development of papillomas and malignant tumors during 75 weeks. The group treated with MCA in acetone/DMSO had a higher mortality than the two other groups. The admixture of 50% DMSO to the solvent had a significant inhibitory effect on tumor and cancer rates and on cancer yield, whereas no effect could be observed on the tumor yield. Hence, 50% DMSO in the solvent has a moderate, but significant, inhibitor effect on MCA-induced skin carcinogenesis. Similar inhibitory effect of DMSO on the promotion phase in two stage-carcinogenesis protocols have been reported in the literature. The biochemical mechanisms behind this effect are unknown. PMID- 7318151 TI - Diminution of mouse epidermal superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by tumor promoters. AB - The effects of phorbol ester tumor promoters and related compounds on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were examined. The treatment of adult mouse skin with 2 micrograms 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) resulted in a sustained decrease in the basal levels of both SOD and catalase activities in the epidermis. A decline in SOD activity occurred within 3 h after application and the maximum effect was seen at 16--17 h. The decrease in SOD activity was always accompanied by a similar decline in the epidermal catalase activity. The alterations in both enzymes occurred against a high background of enhanced protein synthesis which indicates that the effect of TPA is selective for SOD and catalase. Other tumor promoters such as phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and the non phorbol tumor promoter anthraline also lowered the activities of both the enzymes. Mezerein, a resiniferonol derivative with weak promoting activity but a potent stage-II promoter, appeared to be more potent than TPA in lowering the basal levels. These results indicate that damage which favors neoplastic progression could occur in TPA-treated mouse skin due to the accumulation of free radicals resulting from low levels of SOD and catalase activity. In addition, the TPA-caused decrease in the levels of SOD and catalase was not prevented by either retinoic acid, fluocinolone acetonide, tosyl amino-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, or butylated hydroxytoluene, suggesting that inhibition of tumor promotion by these agents is not mediated through alterations in the levels of enzymatic activities which decrease free radical concentrations. PMID- 7318153 TI - Effect of retinoids on the induction of colon cancer in F344 rats by N-methyl-N nitrosourea or by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. PMID- 7318152 TI - Effects of three retinoids on colon adenocarcinomas, sarcomas and hyperplastic polyps induced by intrarectal N-methyl-N-nitrosourea administration in male F344 rats. AB - Male F344 rats, 9 weeks of age, were given multiple intrarectal administrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) at 0.5 mg/dose twice a week for a total of 8, 12, or 16 doses. Five days after the final NMU instillation, rats were placed on one of four diets; chow with retinoid vehicle, chow with 654 mg N-ethylretinamide per kg diet, chow with 686 mg N-(2-hydroxethyl)retinamide per kg diet, or 406 mg retinylidene dimedone per kg diet. Groups of 40--50 rats receiving 16, 12, or 8 total doses were sacrificed 32, 44, or 52 weeks after the initial NMU dose, respectively. The number of rats with colon tumors and the number of tumors per tumor bearing rat in each dosage regimen was compared to appropriate controls. Organ weights for testis, liver, and kidneys were similar for controls and retinoid treated animals and no histopathologic lesions indicative of retinoid toxicity were found. Unusual proliferative lesions of the colon in rats of all dosed groups included hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps and sarcomas. The feeding of diets containing these three retinoids did not significantly modify the incidence or multiplicity of colon tumors observed under these conditions. PMID- 7318154 TI - Repair of ethylnitrosourea-induced DNA damage in the newborn rat. II. Localization of unscheduled DNA synthesis in the developing rat brain. PMID- 7318155 TI - Methylation of liver DNA guanine in hydrazine hepatotoxicity: dose-response and kinetic characteristics of 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine formation and persistence in rats. AB - Fischer 344 or Sprague Dawley rats were fasted overnight and given orally 30--90 mg hydrazine/kg body wt. The presence of 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine in liver DNA was demonstrated 5 and 24 h after hydrazine administration using two different analytical techniques. Methylation levels changed little with dose except for the highest dose (ca. LD50) at which the levels doubled. In a time response study, rats were given 90 mg hydrazine/kg body wt. and killed 0.25 to 96 h later. Both 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine were detected quantitatively in liver DNA from rats as early as 15 min after hydrazine administration. After maximum levels of methylguanines had formed, 7-methylguanine was removed from DNA at a rate of approximately 50% in 47 h; the half-life of O6-methylguanine in liver DNA was approximately 13 hr. Three or four, but not one or two, daily administrations of 3 mg hydrazine/kg body wt. also produced detectable levels of 7-methylguanine in rat liver DNA. Neither 7-methylguanine or O6-methylguanine was detected in comparable amounts of liver DNA from control animals. The study confirms the observation that hydrazine administration results in the formation of methylated guanines in liver DNA. PMID- 7318157 TI - Elevated levels of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in the kidneys of estradiol-treated male hamsters. AB - The effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on the levels of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), and of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the kidneys of castrated male hamsters were determined. The i.p. injection of E2 into male hamsters led to renal ODC levels three times above the control levels 6--12 h after treatment. Similarly, the renal ODC levels in hamsters treated with chronic doses of E2 for 60--180 days were 1.5--1.9 times the corresponding enzyme levels in control, sham operated animals. With a series of estrogen analogues, there was a direct correlation between the rise in renal ODC in vivo and the binding to renal estradiol receptor sites in vitro. The hamster kidney levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine all declined during the 180-day experimental period. A single i.p. injection of E2 led to a 70% increase in renal SAMDC activity 12 h after treatment. However, the administration of E2 for 180--270 days was without effect on the normal age-dependent decline in SAMDC levels noted in kidneys. These results indicate that, like other carcinogens and promoters, E2 increases the levels of ODC and of polyamines in its target tissue and that the rise in ODC is mediated by a specific estradiol-binding protein. PMID- 7318156 TI - Stimulation of transfer of methyl groups from O6-methylguanine in DNA to protein by rat liver extracts in response to hepatotoxins. AB - An enzymatic activity present in rat liver extracts catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups from O6-methylguanine in DNA to protein. This activity was stimulated by treatment of rats with thioacetamide, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2 dimethylhydrazine, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine and by partial hepatectomy but not by treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea or streptozotocin. These results suggest that an enhancement of this activity accompanies the increase in cell division brought about by these agents and is not necessarily a specific response to the presence of alkylated bases in DNA. PMID- 7318158 TI - Human tumor strains defective in the repair of alkylated DNA fail to regenerate rapidly-sedimenting nucleoids after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. AB - Upon treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), human cell strains characterized as either proficient or defective both in repair of alkylation-damaged DNA and in supporting the growth of MNNG-treated adenovirus (Mer+ and Mer- phenotypes (1,2)), all underwent a rapid relaxation of nucleoid DNA, as judged by sedimentation in 15--30% neutral sucrose gradients. DNA in the repair-proficient Mer+ strains (normal fibroblast and tumor) was restored to the rapidly-sedimenting (control) form within 2--4 h after the removal of MNNG. In contrast, nucleoid DNA of the repair-deficient Mer- tumor strains remained slowly sedimenting even after 48 h of incubation. The delayed recovery of Mer- nucleoid DNA was specific for MNNG damage, since after u.v. irradiation, to which Mer+ and Mer- strains are equally resistant (2), all cell lines tested underwent DNA relaxation within the first hour after irradiation (3 J/m2) and regenerated rapidly-sedimenting nucleoids within 4--6 h of repair incubation. PMID- 7318159 TI - Effect of neonatal castration on liver tumor induction by N-2-fluorenylacetamide in suckling BALB/c mice. AB - BALB/c mice were castrated at 2 days of age and control animals were sham operated. Untreated male and female mice were also included for comparison. One half of the mice in each group were fed on alternate days with 1.5% N-2 fluorenylacetamide suspended in 1% gelatine by stomach tube beginning at 1 week of age for a total of 14 feedings. The experiment was terminated when the mice reached one year old. Approximately 30% of the male mice, but none of the females, developed liver tumors in groups fed carcinogen. This male predominance in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas was completely abolished when the animals were castrated neonatally. No lesions were observed in the liver of mice treated with gelatine suspension alone except one with neoplastic nodule. Although it has been observed that liver tumors are produce more readily in younger than in older mice, the present investigation shows that male hormonal environment during early life is more important than the age on the development of liver tumors initiated by carcinogen. PMID- 7318160 TI - Bronchoalveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. AB - Previous reports suggest that blood monocytes and tissue epithelioid cells in patients with sarcoidosis are "activated', but few studies have been undertaken on human alveolar macrophages. In the present study, bronchoalveolar lavage samples have been obtained from eighteen patients with sarcoidosis and these have been compared with twenty controls and twenty-nine patients with non granulomatous chronic inflammatory interstitial lung disease (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis). Assessment of the functional state of the macrophages was made by measurements of C3b receptor sites on the cell membrane, intra and extracellular lysosomal enzyme (beta-D-glucosamidase) and the degree of spreading of macrophages on glass. C3b receptor sites and intracellular levels of lysosomal enzyme were significantly reduced in sarcoidosis compared to controls; levels of extracellular enzyme in the lavage supernatant fluid and macrophage spreading were similar to controls. These features suggest that alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis are not "activated'. By contrast, in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, macrophages show a greater extracellular:intracellular ratio of lysosomal enzyme and more spreading, suggestive of "activation'. PMID- 7318161 TI - The effect of calcium antagonist, nifedipine in exercise-induced asthma. AB - The effect of nifedipine was studied in fifteen patients with exercise-induced asthma. Nifedipine inhibited the exercise-induced fall in FEV1 almost completely in four patients, offered partial protection in a further nine patients and had no effect in the remaining two patients. It is suggested that mediator release which is dependent on free calcium ions may play an important role in exercise induced asthma and calcium antagonists may inhibit post-exercise bronchoconstriction by their blocking effect on calcium channels of the mast cells. PMID- 7318162 TI - Effect of nasal and oral breathing on exercise-induced asthma. AB - The effect of nasal as well as oral breathing during level-ground running for 6 min on the post exercise bronchial response was studied in fifteen people (five asthmatics with exercise liability, five asthmatics with no such liability and five normals). Each patient did the exercise twice; once with the nose clipped and once with the mouth closed. FEV1 was measured before exercise, immediately after exercise and at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min thereafter. A fall in FEV1 of 20% or more from the basal level was taken as evidence of bronchoconstriction. When the patients were required to breath only through the nose during the exercise, the post-exercise bronchoconstrictive response was markedly reduced as compared with the response obtained by oral breathing during exercise, indicating a beneficial effect of nasal breathing. Nasal breathing was beneficial as compared with oral breathing in normals as well. In the five asthmatics with no exercise liability no appreciable difference was observed. This study suggests that the oropharynx and nasopharynx play important roles in the causation of exercise induced asthma. PMID- 7318163 TI - The effect of verapamil on histamine and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. AB - Calcium antagonist, verapamil given by inhalation did not alter histamine bronchial hyper-reactivity in ten patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and similarly did not modify methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in further five patients. In eight non-asthmatic subjects verapamil reduced histamine sensitivity with increase in PC20H from 8.07(+/- 2.33) to 12.10(+/- 2.71, P less than 0.05) but failed to have an effect on methacholine sensitivity in five controls. The failure of inhaled verapamil to modify histamine and methacholine bronchial hyper reactivity in asthmatic patients and the beneficial effect of calcium antagonists in exercise asthma suggests that these agents may act predominantly on the mast cell degranulation rather than the bronchial smooth muscle. PMID- 7318164 TI - Ketotifen and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic patients. PMID- 7318165 TI - An automated particle-counting immunoassay (PACIA) for serum IgE. AB - Total IgE was determined in 107 sera using a novel, automated, non-isotopic immunoassay called PACIA (particle-counting immunoassay) based on agglutination of anti-IgE coated latex particles by IgE. The IgE values ranged from 10 to 50,000 iu/ml and were compared with results obtained by a conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) which used a fast double antibody separation technique- the coefficient of correlation was 0.985 and the regression line y = 0.82 x +130.00. PACIA had several advantages over the RIA technique: using a sampling rate of 50/hr, results were obtained in 35 min compared to 16-20 hr, no labelled IgE was required and the separation step, which relied on measuring the number of non-agglutinated particles by an optical cell counter, was fully automated. The threshold of sensitivity was 10 iu/ml and the maximal coefficient of variation for between assay precision was 12.9%. PMID- 7318166 TI - A cluster analysis of the effects of storage mites as allergens in relation to certain occupations and living conditions. AB - The method of cluster analysis was used to examine the data of Wraith, Cunnington & Seymour (1979) to assess the role and allergenic importance of storage mites in house dust and other environments in relation to certain factors thought to influence patients' exposure to these species. The analysis provided strong statistical evidence that (a) excessively damp housing and (b) occupational risks of exposure were the two main factors associated with allergy to these species. It also indicated that sensitivity to D. pteronyssinus remained unaltered in environmental conditions more favourable to the growth and development of storage mites. Furthermore, it was shown that the storage species form a group of similar allergens distinct from the house-dust mite. PMID- 7318167 TI - Prostaglandins in exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 7318168 TI - Variation in argininosuccinate synthetase activity in amniotic fluid cell cultures: implications for prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia. AB - Argininosuccinate synthetase activity was measured in amniotic fluid cells cultured from 25 normal fetuses and from 2 fetuses at risk for citrullinemia. Among the 25 control lines, argininosuccinate synthetase was low in epithelial like cultures and high in more fibroblast-like cultures. The radioactivity incorporated from 14C-citrulline into protein was proportional to argininosuccinate synthetase activity. The activity of argininosuccinate lyase, the next enzyme in the urea cycle, was unaffected by a predominance of one or the other cell type. Argininosuccinate synthetase was low but detectable in cells from the two fetuses at risk for citrullinemia. The pregnancies were continued and both resulted in clinically normal females. Thus factors such as predominant cell type may affect area cycle enzyme activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells and should be taken into consideration in attempts to diagnose citrullinemia prenatally. PMID- 7318169 TI - Detection of UDP-galactose-4-epimerase deficiency in a galactosemia screening program. PMID- 7318171 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of serum uric acid by an enzymatic method with 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS). PMID- 7318170 TI - Improved method for the antenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia. PMID- 7318172 TI - Low lipid level reference sera with human serum matrix. AB - We describe a simple procedure for preparing low lipid level reference sera containing concentrations of nonlipid components similar to the concentrations in human serum. A portion of human serum is delipidized with colloidal silicic acid, and the delipidated serum, in selected proportions, is combined with the native serum. These reference materials can be used as internal or external quality controls in conjunction with low total cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol determinations in serum or plasma. They can also be used as controls with low triglyceride determinations. PMID- 7318173 TI - Concentration and distribution of human plasma apolipoprotein E. AB - (1) A sensitive, specific radioimmunoassay for human apolipoprotein E is described. (2) The method gave a plasma apolipoprotein E concentration of 0.107 +/- 0.051 g/l n = 55) in normal subjects. This value increased significantly (to 0.179 +/- 0.088 g/l) in type II hyperlipoproteinaemia (n = 31, p less than 0.01). Type III subjects formed a distinct group whose mean plasma apolipoprotein E concentration was increased four fold over normal (p less than 0.001). The level in type IV subjects (0.136 +/- 0.056, n = 30) did not differ significantly from the normal value. (3) When plasma was subjected to gel filtration on columns of 6% agarose, apolipoprotein E was located in three regions. Peak I corresponded to very low density lipoproteins, Peak II to the area between very low density and low density lipoproteins and Peak III to the leading edge of the high density lipoprotein fraction. No E protein eluted from the column after high density lipoproteins. (4) In contrast, ultracentrifugation of plasma resulted in up to 40% of apolipoprotein E appearing in the lipoprotein-free (d greater than 1.21 kg/l) fraction. This protein appears to hae been stripped largely from high density lipoprotein during ultracentrifugation. (5) Compositional analysis of very low density, intermediate density and low density lipoproteins isolated by a cumulative flotation procedure showed that the apoE/apoB ratio was the same in the first two species but fell to a very low value in low density lipoproteins. PMID- 7318174 TI - Quantitative endotoxin determination in blood with a chromogenic substrate. AB - A method is described for the quantitative determination of endotoxins in blood. The method is based upon the endotoxin-dependent activation of a proenzyme present in Limulus amebocyte lysate. This activated enzyme is measured by using the chromogenic substrate S 2422. Inhibitors and activated coagulation factors possibly interfering in the assay are removed by dilution and boiling. The method has been proven to be fast (2.5 h), sensitive and reproducible with a detection limit of 10 ng/l. Preliminary results comparing the results of blood cultures with the endotoxin assay indicate a good correlation. PMID- 7318175 TI - Bilirubin binding capacity and free bilirubin concentration: fluorescence quenching compared with peroxidase oxidation and sephadex column elution techniques. AB - Fluorescence quenching was compared with the techniques of peroxidase oxidation and Sephadex column elution for determining free bilirubin concentrations and the capacity of albumin to bind bilirubin and assessed as to its suitability for use as a routine method in a clinical laboratory. The poor reproducibility of the fluorescence quenching method made it unacceptable and peroxidase oxidation was found to be the most satisfactory technique. The Sephadex column elution technique did not measure free bilirubin concentration but gave a good estimate of binding capacity. This method is, however, limited by the sample size required for performing the determinations. PMID- 7318176 TI - Bile acid content of gallbladder bile and stones in type IIb and IV hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - We examined the bile acid composition of gallbladder bile using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in normolipemic and hyperlipidemic (types IIb and IV) patients with cholelithiasis and compared them with normal subjects. Similarly, bile acid composition was determined n the gallstones of these patients. No free bile acids were found in any of the samples examined. We observed that gallbladder bile and gallstones of patients with type IV hyperlipidemia showed a significant increase in the percentage of glyco conjugated bile acids and reduction in taurine conjugates. Based on this finding we postulate that in addition to biliary lipid composition bile acid composition may also play a role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone formation. PMID- 7318177 TI - Studies on interactions of vitamin E with thiamine, niacin and vitamin B12. AB - The effects of simultaneous administration of thiamine, niacin or vitamin B12 with vitamin E on plasma vitamin E levels were studied in 20 adult male volunteers belonging to the low socio-economic class. The effect of vitamin E on the nutritional status of pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamine as judged by the erythrocyte enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione reductase and transketolase, respectively was also studied. None of the members of the B complex vitamins studied here had any effect on plasma vitamin E levels. This was in contrast to the observation made earlier that pyridoxine and riboflavin can reduce plasma vitamin E. There was a transient reduction in both the basal and stimulated activities of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase, the significance of which needs further investigation. PMID- 7318178 TI - Properties of two forms of alpha-L-fucosidase isolated from normal human sera with low and high enzymatic activity. AB - Studies on human alpha-L-fucosidase were performed on normal and low activity sera. After DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, two major forms of enzyme have been characterized in both types of sera. These enzymatic forms were different with respect to their thermostability and electrofocusing behaviour. The less acidic form (I) was thermolabile. In contrast, the more acidic one (II) was thermostable. But the forms I and II had respectively similar properties when isolated from either normal or low activity sera. These results suggest the presence in both types of sera of two major forms of alpha-L-fucosidase but in variable proportions. The low activity sera contained a major proportion of the thermolabile less acidic form when compared with normal activity sera. PMID- 7318179 TI - Evaluation of a human pancreas-specific antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A sensitive sandwich-type enzyme immunosorbent assay has been developed for quantitation of a new human pancreas-specific antigen (PaA). With this method, PaA at a concentration as low as 0.8 ng/ml can be detected. The assay was reproducible as shown by the coefficients of variation for within (4.8%) and between (6.1%) assays. Serum PaA levels from 51 healthy persons ranged from less than 4 to 34 ng/ml. Using 21.5 ng/ml (the upper 97.5 percentile of normal controls) as an upper limit, 42 of 60 pancreatic cancer (70%), 3 of 14 pancreatitis (21%) and 2 of 6 cholelithiasis (33%) had an elevated PaA. Very few patients with other cancers were shown to have an elevated PaA: 3/40 (8%) of lung cancer, 2/43 (5%) of colorectal cancer, 3/40 (8%) of prostate cancer and 1/39 (3%) of breast cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of the serum PaA test for the detection of pancreatic cancer were calculated to be 70% and 95%, respectively. These results indicate that PaA may be useful as an adjunctive tool in immunodiagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7318180 TI - Serum copper oxidase activity (coeruloplasmin) in chronic pancreatitis: inverse correlation with pancreatic exocrine function. AB - Serum copper oxidase activity (coeruloplasmin, ferroxidase, I, EC 1.16.3.1) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated in 43 patients with chronic pancreatitis; total serum copper was also measured in 23 patients. Pancreatic exocrine function was assessed in all patients and compared with the respective copper oxidase activities. The following results emerged: (1) there was a strong positive linear relationship between total serum copper and serum copper oxidase activity; (2) in 34 patients CRP was undetectable Twenty-six patients were untreated and eight had received pancreatic extracts for variable periods of time. In the untreated patients there was an inverse correlation between serum copper oxidase activity and pancreatic exocrine function; (3) in the eight treated patients serum cooper oxidase activity was less than in untreated patients; (4) in three patients who were assessed before and six months after administration of pancreatic extracts serum copper oxidase activity showed a significant reduction with treatment; (5) nine patients with elevated CRP values also had raised serum copper oxidase activities but there was no correlation between these two serum constituents. The rise in serum copper which occurs in uncomplicated and untreated chronic pancreatitis does not represent an acute phase reaction. Our results provide further evidence that the pancreas assists in regulating copper metabolism in man. PMID- 7318181 TI - Elevated platelet norepinephrine concentration in patients with pheochromocytomas. AB - With a radioenzymatic method of analysis we determined the concentration of plasma and platelet norepinephrine in simultaneously drawn blood samples from six patients with pheochromocytomas. All six subjects had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentrations in the preoperative or intraoperative period. Three of the six patients had a normal plasma norepinephrine concentration in their sample. After resection of benign pheochromocytomas the platelet and plasma norepinephrine of five patients returned to normal. The platelet and plasma norepinephrine concentration of a patient with a malignant, non-resectable pheochromocytoma remained elevated. Eight of 30 patients (27%) with hypertension, not thought to be due to pheochromocytoma, had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentrations, All 8 of these patients had diastolic blood pressures of 120 mm Hg or greater at the time the blood samples were drawn. In contrast, the six patients with pheochromocytomas had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentrations while normotensive. Only five of 60 "sick" patients (8%) without a history of hypertension had elevated platelet norepinephrine concentration. Platelet norepinephrine concentration is an excellent test to screen patients, with a history of spells of hypertension but presently normotensive, for pheochromocytomas. An elevated value should be followed up with measurement of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and/or catecholamines in a 24-h urine collection. PMID- 7318182 TI - Radioimmunoassay for human aldolase A. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the direct quantification of aldolase A in human serum. The method is a double antibody radioimmunoassay using radioiodinated aldolase A4 homopolymer as ligand, chicken antibodies to aldolase A, and rabbit antibodies to chicken IgG. The lowest measurable amount by this method was 2 ng (0.01 U). The radioimmunoassay was shown to be specific for the aldolase A subunit, with no cross-reactivity with human aldolase B subunits or homopolymeric human aldolase C (C4). The immunoreactive aldolase A in the sera of 41 normal healthy subjects ranged from 130 to 210 ng/ml (0.81-1.31 U/1), with a mean of 171 /+- 39 ng/ml. PMID- 7318184 TI - Alkaline phosphatase from human thyroid. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity was found in human thyroid homogenate at a specific activity of about 0.01 units/mg protein. The enzyme responsible appears to be a membrane-bound sialoglycoprotein. The properties of thyroid membrane alkaline phosphatase were examined after extraction with non-ionic detergent or butanol. It was detected mainly as a single electrophoretic form with a mobility similar to that of the liver form of the enzyme. It was readily inhibited by homoarginine, but not by phenylalanine. It reacted in Ouchterlony double diffusion with antiserum raised against liver alkaline phosphatase, but not with antiserum to placental alkaline phosphatase. Heat treatment at 56 degree C for 10 min at pH 7.5 resulted in an approx. 50% loss of enzyme activity. Its relative molecular mass was estimated to be 320000 by gel filtration, and 300000 by gradient gel electrophoresis. It required magnesium for full activity, and had a pH optimum of 10.5 in Tris-borate buffers. It was concluded that thyroid alkaline phosphatase belongs to the liver/bone/kidney isoenzyme group, but may exist in a molecular form distinct from others previously described. PMID- 7318186 TI - Erythrocyte spectrin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The primary structure of erythrocyte spectrin bands I and II from controls and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was compared by 2-dimensional peptide mapping. 125I-labelling was done either by the chloramine-T method or using the Bolton and Hunter reagent followed by treatment with trypsin or chymotrypsin, resulting in four different peptide maps from each band of spectrin. Although all the peptide maps of band I were considerably different to those of band II, there were no consistent differences in the maps of bands I and II from controls compared to the corresponding maps from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 7318183 TI - Urinary neopterine as marker for haematological neoplasias. AB - Urinary neopterine levels were studied in 79 normal subjects and in 112 patients with haematological neoplasias. The mean values in 79 patients with active disease were significantly raised compared to the control group. Results obtained in 79 patients with active disease indicate that 91% had neopterine levels higher than the mean value of 79 normal individuals +3 SD. There is only a little overlap between the range of neopterine levels in cancer patients and the range in healthy subjects. No significant difference was found between the mean urinary neopterine levels of 33 patients with non-Hodgkin's or with Hodgkin's lymphoma in remission and the healthy group. Only 15% of these patients had elevated neopterine levels. The mean urinary neopterine levels correlated well with the tumor stage in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and with non-Hodgkin's disease. In patients with chronic leukaemia those without hepatosplenomegaly excreted significantly more neopterine than controls, and patients with hepatosplenomegaly significantly more than those without hepatosplenomegaly. It is concluded that urinary neopterine levels are of value for following the progression of haematological neoplasias. PMID- 7318185 TI - Hyperlipidaemia in untreated nephrotic syndrome, increased production or decreased removal? AB - The relative importance of increased lipoprotein synthesis and decreased lipoprotein catabolism is examined in 13 patients with untreated nephrotic syndrome by the use of intravenous fat tolerance tests analysed in relation to other parameters of lipid metabolism. Increased lipoprotein synthesis in nephrotic patients was indicated by the fact that at a given fractional clearance rate of Intralipid (K2), nephrotic patients had higher serum TG concentrations than did control subjects. A defect in lipoprotein catabolism was also suggested by the frequent finding of intermediate density lipoproteins on electrophoresis and the marginally low (p = 0.05) mean K2 in nephrotic patients. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) positive correlation between HDL-cholesterol concentrations and postheparin fractional clearance rates (K'2) of Intralipid led to the speculation that in the severe nephrotic state (albumin less than 20 g/l) the loss of high density lipoproteins may contribute to the hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 7318187 TI - Quantitative and qualitative studies on skin fibroblast alkaline phosphatase in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. PMID- 7318188 TI - Autoradiographic comparison of growth factors: influence of growth hormone and somatomedin B on patterns of proline incorporation. AB - Patterns of incorporation of 14C proline have been compared by whole body autoradiography to study the action of growth factors, infused for 1 week to hypophysectomized rats by subcutaneously implanted minipumps. Human growth hormone (hGH) caused dose-related increases in the width of the tibial epiphyseal cartilage and obvious weight gain, whereas only at 640 micrograms/week did Somatomedin B have a barely significant effect on these two parameters. Samples of tissues showing significant proline uptake by autoradiography were burned for direct measurement of 14C content. Both hGH (80-160 micrograms/week) and SMB (160 640 micrograms/week) significantly enhanced proline uptake in skin, tibia, liver and kidney. Whereas the Somatomedin was less active than hGH on skin it showed a greater effect on bone, significantly exceeding the apparently maximal response to hGH. The autoradiographic technique can be used not only to compare different growth factors but also to study the growth process by use of appropriate tracers. PMID- 7318189 TI - Vasopressin function in hypercalcaemia. AB - Vasopressin function and thirst were studied in fourteen hypercalcaemic patients (ten hyperparathyroid and four disseminated malignant disease). Ten patients had decreased renal concentrating ability which reversed within a few days in the majority of patients whose hypercalcaemia was corrected by parathyroidectomy. Although eight patients complained of thirst, none showed a lowered threshold of thirst appreciation during hypertonic saline infusion. Osmoregulation of vasopressin secretion was not reduced in any patient, but the hyperparathyroid group had an exaggerated vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation. We conclude that a partial, reversible nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs in at least 70% of hypercalcaemic patients irrespective of cause, which accounts for the polyuria induced by hypercalcaemia. PMID- 7318190 TI - Failure of 2-hydroxyoestrone to lower prolactin concentrations in hyperprolactinaemic women. AB - The catechol oestrogen 2-hydroxyoestrone has been reported to lower serum prolactin concentrations acutely in normal women and it has been proposed that it may be effective in suppressing prolactin secretion in hyperprolactinaemic patients. Five women with hyperprolactinaemia and anovulation were studied. Following a control infusion, 2-hydroxyoestrone was given at a rate of 80 micrograms/h for 4 h. In no patient was there a fall in prolactin levels and no changes were observed in gonadotrophin concentrations. We conclude that a short term infusion of 2-hydroxyoestrone, at a dose which will produce high blood levels of the steroid, does not affect prolactin or gonadotrophin secretion in hyperprolactinaemic states. PMID- 7318191 TI - Hyperthyroidism in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. AB - The thyroid status of twenty-seven African patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) was studied. Fifteen patients were found to be biochemically hyperthyroid (eight patients with choriocarcinoma; seven with hydatidiform mole). Of these fifteen patients, nine were clinically thyrotoxic. The most serious complication of thyrotoxicosis was life-threatening acute pulmonary oedema with associated cardiac failure. It was found that when serum levels of the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) reached a level of about 0.1 X 10(6) iu/1, thirteen of sixteen patients were biochemically hyperthyroid; at serum levels of 0.3 X 10(6) iu/1 of hCG most patients were clinically thyrotoxic. A feature of hyperthyroidism associated with GTN is that whereas T4 is invariably raised the T3:T4 ratio tends to be low (0.015 +/- 005); rT3:T3 ratios were high in this group. TSH levels were not increased. PMID- 7318192 TI - Defective iodide transport and normal organification of iodide in cold nodules of the thyroid. AB - Eleven thyroid follicular adenomas, cold on scintigram were analysed to determine whether defect in iodide organification or iodide transport causes low iodide uptake in cold nodules of the thyroid. The results were compared with perinodular tissue samples used as controls. In eight of eleven adenomas incubated in medium with 0.1 microM of iodide, newly organified iodide was 85.6 +/- 8.6% of total trapped iodide, which was significantly higher than 52.3 +/- 12.8% in controls. The remaining three adenomas showed a value as low as 4.0 +/- 2.7%. These data suggest that follicular adenomas are of two different groups; one with high organic iodinating activity and the other with none. These two groups were defined as FA-1 and FA-2. Thyroid:medium ratios of iodide of both groups were significantly depressed, indicating that the essential alteration in the thyroid follicular adenoma is a disturbance of iodide transport. In contrast to controls of organification of iodide was not inhibited by the addition of 100 microM iodide to the medium in FA-1 adenomas. In both FA-1 and FA-2, the degree of iodination of thyroglobulin (Tg) in equilibrium was significantly lower than that in controls. Therefore, in most cases with the follicular adenoma, the principal cause of decreased iodination of Tg was considered to be a depressed iodide transport, but not an impairment of organic iodination. PMID- 7318193 TI - [Early detection of congenital hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318194 TI - [Effect of fluoxymesterone on anaemia in chronic haemodialysis--special reference to combination therapy with iron (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318195 TI - [A case of Cushing's syndrome due to pituitary adenoma and bilateral adrenocortical multinodular hyperplasia, associated with liver cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318196 TI - [Basic and clinical investigation of RIA-Quant beta-hCG Test Kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318197 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation studies of thymune T and thymune M (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318198 TI - [Cortisol measurement using solid-phase radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318200 TI - [Clinical applications of the new radioimmunoassay system for human C-peptide (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318199 TI - [Determination of free thyroxine in serum by anti T4 microcapsules (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318201 TI - [The basic evaluation of SPAC T4 RIA kit for the measurement of serum T4 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318202 TI - [Measurement of serum total T4 concentration by IMMO PHASE T4 RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318203 TI - [Measurement of C-peptide hormone in serum by using CPR-RIA KIT (6951-SC) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318204 TI - [Measurement of serum TSH by immunoradiometric assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318205 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of human blood TSH with cretin TSH kit "Daiichi" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318206 TI - [Measurement of triiodothyronine in serum by Tri-Tab RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318207 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of C-peptide in plasma using a new RIA kit and its diagnostic application (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318208 TI - [Basic and clinical evaluation of the method of free thyroxine levels in serum with radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318209 TI - [Growth pattern analysis of hypothyroidism using height velocity curve--its usefulness as a parameter during replacement therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318210 TI - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines by various age groups and plasma catecholamine concentrations measured by new radioenzymatic assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318211 TI - [Studies on catecholamine secretion from adrenal medulla--acetylcholine stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318212 TI - [The studies of controlled release of sex steroids hormones by radiation induced polymerization of glass forming monomers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318213 TI - [Endocrine therapy and estrogen receptor in advanced male breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318214 TI - [A case of fibrous dysplasia associated with acromegaly (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318215 TI - [Impaired secretion of prolactin in two patients with isolated gonadotropin deficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318216 TI - [Treatment of parathyroid carcinoma with multiple pulmonary metastases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318217 TI - [A case of anaplastic carcinoma transformed from clear cell carcinoma of the thyroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318218 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of measurement of serum ferritin using double antibody radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318219 TI - [Rapid assay method of serum estradiol by utilizing radioimmunoassay kit and its application for monitoring of gonadotropin therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318220 TI - [Statistical observations on new testosterone/dihydrotestosterone RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318222 TI - [Basic evaluation of "Corning" RIA kit with sandwich method for TSH determination (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318221 TI - [Determination of plasma testosterone--comparison between the mass fragmentography and the radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318223 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of serum C-peptide immunoreactivity by C-peptide test "Shionogi" (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318224 TI - Deafness and diabetes. PMID- 7318225 TI - The tympanic cavity: tomographic anatomy. AB - This study was carried out on 100 tomograms of the petrous bone using Guillen's transorbital view of the anatomy of the middle ear. It provides basic data concerning the morphology, size and surface area of the tympanum, the epitympanum and the hypotympanum. It correlates the surface area of the epi-and hypotympanum, and suggests certain embryological interpretation. This study contributes to the diagnostic radiology of the middle ear in the following ways: I It provides basic data for the interpretation of tomograms in patients with ossicular dislocation. 2 It provides essential data for the radiology of congenital malformation and of tumors. 3 It puts in perspective certain criteria used for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma. Finally, this study justifies the use of preoperative radiological investigation. PMID- 7318226 TI - Inter-observer variability in the clinical and radiological assessment of adenoid size, and the correlation with adenoid volume. AB - Forty-six children were independently assessed with respect to size of adenoids and other clinical features by 3 observers of differing experience. Similar assessment was made of adenoid area and post-nasal-space airway from lateral cephalometric X-rays. The inter-observer agreement for these findings has been calculated. Absolute agreement between observers for the assessments is poor and in some instances this is related to clinical experience. In relative terms the agreement is more satisfactory. A nasal obstruction score due to adenoid enlargement has been derived from assessment of mouth breathing and speech hyponasality and this is shown to correlate with the nasopharyngeal radiology score derived from visual assessment of the radiological adenoid area and post nasal-space airway. The radiology score correlates well with measurements of the nasopharyngeal area made by planimetry. Both the radiology score and the nasal obstruction score correlate with the volume of adenoid tissue removed at adenoidectomy. This study provides the basis for a scoring system for the clinical and radiological assessment of adenoids in order to detect preoperatively those children most likely to benefit from adenoidectomy. PMID- 7318227 TI - The anterior tympanomeatal angle: the aetiology, surgery and avoidance of blunting and annular cholesteatoma. AB - Forty-eight cases of anterior annular cholesteatoma were treated surgically. All these cholesteatomas had occurred following surgical repair of the tympanic membrane by the onlay method. To confirm the likely aetiological causes, 49 specimens of the anterior annular sulcus were studied histologically. It was found that in 31% of specimens there was a fold of epithelium penetrating deep into the subepithelial tissue. In 6 specimens there were epithelial cones present and in 9 specimens excessive subepithelial fibrous tissue was noted. The complication of "blunting" caused by the onlay technique is almost impossible to avoid. A more dangerous complication is annular cholesteatoma. The surgery of blunting and annular cholesteatoma and the principles of the underlay method of grafting are described. PMID- 7318228 TI - Diagnostic value of brush biopsy in suspected bronchial carcinoma with the use of the flexible fibre bronchoscope. AB - In a 12-month period, brush biopsy through a fibreoptic bronchoscope was performed on 125 consecutive patients who were clinically or radiographically suspected of lung cancer. Of the patients, 62 appeared to have lung cancer. Cytological analysis of the brush-biopsy specimens was positive in 69%. A total of 58% had positive biopsy, and 58% had cancer cells in the bronchial secretion aspirated during the bronchoscopy. Thirty-five per cent had positive mediastinoscopy. When the methods of examination were combined, the diagnosis could be established in 90% of the patients. The study shows that brush biopsy and cytological analysis, in combination with the other methods of examination, increase the diagnostic sensitivity in bronchoscopically visible tumours. In bronchoscopically invisible tumours, brush cytological analysis, together with the study of bronchial secretion and fine-needle puncture, is the most effective diagnostic method. The diagnostic possibilities can presumably be further improved by the use of fluoroscopic control in two places during the bronchoscopy. PMID- 7318230 TI - Total laryngectomy. PMID- 7318229 TI - Computed tomography in carcinoma of the larynx and piriform sinus. AB - The conventional methods of examination do not furnish a complete picture of deep extension of carcinoma of the larynx and piriform sinus. Often the only sign of deep invasion is vocal cord fixation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether further information in this respect might be provided by computed tomography. The results of examinations by this technique were assessed on the basis of the findings in whole-organ serial sections in the transverse plane in 8 patients with laryngeal and 2 with piriform sinus carcinoma. In 2 further patients not undergoing operation, the findings yielded by CT were compared to the laryngoscopic assessment and the findings at a clinical follow-up after a full course of radiotherapy. CT adds valuable information on the deep invasion of the tumour, especially spread lateral to the arytenoid cartilage, to the laryngeal framework and outside the larynx. PMID- 7318231 TI - Post-mastoidectomy mastoiditis and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas. PMID- 7318232 TI - Electron microscopy in otorhinolaryngological oncology. PMID- 7318233 TI - Glycerol dehydration tests in Meniere's disorder using extratympanic electrocochleography. AB - Eleven patients with classical Meniere's disorder were examined electrophysiologically using extratympanic electrocochleography. All had been fully investigated audiologically and by electronystagmography. In addition to the classical triad of symptoms, 7 complained also of fullness or blockage in the ear, this symptoms being associated with fluctuation of the deafness. All patients showed the characteristic enhancement of the SP component of the AP/SP waveform. Following glycerol the SP component was reduced in amplitude, producing a decrease in the width of the waveform. Maximum reduction occurred approximately 60 min after administration of glycerol. PMID- 7318234 TI - Treatment of carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. AB - The results of the radical treatment of 528 cases of carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are presented. These cases were analysed according to treatment modes of surgery of radiotherapy alone and surgery, radical or subradical, with radical radiotherapy. Of necessity the survey is retrospective but the results can be interpreted as demonstrating that while surgery without radiotherapy is appropriate to certain tumours near the nasal vestibule, to transitional cell carcinoma in men, and to some salivary carcinomas, for the remainder surgery, either radical or subradical with radiotherapy, is appropriate. No significant difference can be shown between radical and subradical surgery, when combined with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy alone appears inappropriate. PMID- 7318236 TI - Biochemical mechanisms in gastroenterology. PMID- 7318235 TI - Local and distant metastases in patients with surgically treated squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. AB - There were 18 patients (16%) with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lip in a total material of 114 operatively treated patients. There were initially palpable cervical nodes in 14% of the patients, but only 6 (5%) had histologically proved metastases. Two patients (1.8%) had distant metastases. The primary tumour in the metastatic group was classified as T1 in 3 (17%), T2 in 4 (22%) and T3 in 11 (61%) cases. During 5-year-follow-up of 73 of the patients, local recurrences were found in 10 cases (13.5%), 5 of whom developed subsequent metastases. Of the remaining 63 patients without local recurrences only 3 (5%) had metastases. Totally 8 of 73 patients, who had no metastases initially, developed them during 5-year-follow-up. Metastases appeared within three years after initial treatment. In the metastatic group only 15.5% of the patients are alive after 5 years, and totally 13.5% of the patients died of the carcinoma of the hip within in 5 years. PMID- 7318238 TI - Correlation of circulating intercellular antibody titres in pemphigus with disease activity. PMID- 7318237 TI - The influence of 8-methoxypsoralen plus UV-A (PUVA) on the excretion of the main urinary metabolite of prostaglandins F 1 alpha and F 2 alpha in patients with psoriasis. PMID- 7318239 TI - Ophthalmic leishmaniasis. PMID- 7318240 TI - Urticarial vasculitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. PMID- 7318241 TI - Dermatitis herpetiformis-like changes in cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition. PMID- 7318242 TI - Choice of topical antibiotic--a microbiological view point. PMID- 7318243 TI - Treatment of superficial fungal infections. PMID- 7318244 TI - Management of chronic mucocutaneous candidosis. PMID- 7318245 TI - Therapy of tropical skin diseases. PMID- 7318246 TI - The therapy of parasitic skin infestations. PMID- 7318247 TI - The effect of immobilization on fingernail growth. PMID- 7318248 TI - Dermatology in the Soviet Union. Report of a cultural exchange visit to dermatological departments in the Soviet Union. PMID- 7318249 TI - Familial multiple melanocytic naevi--the B-K mole syndrome. PMID- 7318250 TI - Syringomata: a bathing trunk distribution. PMID- 7318251 TI - Red nails associated with alopecia areata. PMID- 7318252 TI - A case of leuconychia striata with severe erythema multiforme. PMID- 7318253 TI - IgA-containing circulating immune complexes in gluten-sensitive enteropathy. PMID- 7318254 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative determination of anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies in human sera, which is both sensitive and reproducible, is described. The test detected circulating antibodies in each of seven patients with active anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, whilst sera from 42 patients, with a variety of other glomerulonephropathies, were negative by the test. It has also been possible to demonstrate a good correlation between the levels of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies and the clinical course of disease in one patient with Goodpasture's syndrome. PMID- 7318255 TI - Antigen-specific detection of soluble immune complexes in conglutinin-binding assays. AB - A modification of the conglutinin-binding assay has been used for antigen identification in circulating immune complexes (IC). The complexed antigen was identified, in conglutinin-bound complexes, by antibodies or antibody fragments, specifically directed against the antigen. These antibody preparations were either radiolabelled or detected with 125I-protein A. This system was found efficient using in vitro-formed bovine serum albumin--anti-bovine serum albumin and tetanus toxoid--anti-tetanus toxoid soluble immune complexes at equivalence or at slight antigen or antibody excess. In addition, with 125I-IgG--anti-HBs and with 125I-F(ab')2--anti-HBs, we examined 44 sera from 41 patients with viral type B hepatitis and the presence of HBs was observed in 18 (40.9%) IC containing tested samples. Therefore, this method appears applicable to clinical investigation. PMID- 7318257 TI - Leukaemic liver infiltration in AKR mice prematurely induced by immunization with human or allogeneic liver protein. AB - An attempt was made to produce a model of autoimmune hepatitis in AKR mice by immunization with allogeneic liver extract or a purified (human) liver-specific lipoprotein (LSP). Although a mononuclear infiltrate was found in the liver in recipients of purified liver antigen and to a lesser degree in recipients of allogeneic extract, this was associated with the development of an acute thymus derived leukaemia. This mouse strain is normally susceptible to leukaemia after a latent period of approximately 6 to 9 months but the immunization schedule markedly reduced the age of onset of this disease. PMID- 7318256 TI - Autoimmunity in selective IgA deficiency: relationship to anti-bovine protein antibodies, circulating immune complexes and clinical disease. AB - To test the possibility that autoimmunity could be related to increased levels of anti-bovine antibodies and/or circulating immune complexes in selective IgA deficiency, we studied the sera of 30 consecutive patients for the quantitative level of antibody to bovine milk, the presence of antigen--antibody complexes and 10 selected autoantibodies. Higher titres of anti-milk antibody and circulating immune complexes were to be correlated with positive serological tests of autoimmunity in these patients, and rheumatoid arthritis (three cases) and neurological disease (four cases) were found in individuals who had both milk precipitins and circulating immune complexes. We suggest that the chronic excessive permeability of the gastrointestinal tract in selective IgA deficiency may permit the excessive absorption of many food proteins, leading to the formation of antigen--antibody complexes and autoimmunity. PMID- 7318258 TI - Natural killer activity in patients with biopsy-proven liver disease. AB - Most previous studies of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to animal and human hepatocytes have not taken into account the ability to human lymphoid cells to kill spontaneously cultured cell lines, particularly those of malignant origin (the natural killer or NK effect). We have studied spontaneous killing to a human target (erythromyeloid cell line K562) in patients with biopsy-proven liver disease and from normal controls. Patients with chronic active hepatitis were shown to have a significant reduction in NK activity unrelated to immunosuppressive therapy (P less than 0.01). Other groups showed normal values. These results imply that cytotoxic effectors reported active in chronic liver disease are K cells and not NK cells, with which they share many characteristics, and suggest that a cytotoxic mechanism considered to be of importance in immunosurveillance may be reduced in chronic aggressive hepatitis. PMID- 7318259 TI - Inhibition of the pokeweed mitogen-induced response of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes by humoral components of colostrum. AB - Colostral whey at dilutions up to 1 : 100 inhibited both the uptake of tritium labelled thymidine and the differentiation of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal adults into immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells. Upon gel filtration (Sephadex G-200), inhibitory activity was associated with high molecular weight fractions. Secretory component, but not monomeric, polymeric or colostral IgA, IgM, IgG, lactoferrin, casein or alpha lactalbumin, inhibited the response to mitogen. Supernatants from cultures of colostral cells did not induce the differentiation of adult peripheral or cord blood lymphocytes into IgA-containing cells and did not stimulate the uptake of tritium-labelled thymidine. PMID- 7318260 TI - Experimental paracetamol nephropathy and pyelonephritis in rats. AB - The nephrotoxicity of paracetamol (acetaminophen) administered to rats in doses of 300 mg/kg/day for periods up to 32 weeks was increased in the presence of experimentally induced pyelonephritis. The same dose of paracetamol failed to cause renal lesions in rats without pyelonephritis. Generally the pyelonephritic reactions were more severe in animals receiving paracetamol as compared to those in whom the drug was witheld. Thickened basement membranes of microvessels and tubules associated with papillary necrosis, and attempted healing of a necrotic papillary stump were unusual experimental findings which resemble pathology considered characteristic of clinical analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 7318261 TI - Total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation. AB - Total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation of tissue to the forearm was practiced in 50 chronic renal failure patients as treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism. Four hyperplastic glands were removed in all cases. Followup observation ranged from 3 to 42 months. Serum parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels decreased significantly following the procedure (P less than 0.005) and remained stable during the period of observation. Significant bone pain present in 26 patients improved or ceased in 19; pruritus, present in 39 patients, universally improved. Strong radiographic suggestion of secondary hyperparathyroidism, present in 38 patients, improved or disappeared in 17. Three patients remained functionally hyperparathyroid, requiring further tissue removal. Autograft function 3 to 7 days after transplantation was demonstrated in 3 cases by differential parathyroid hormone concentration determinations. Essentially all patients experienced symptomatic improvement after surgery and most showed objective evidence of improved calcium phosphorus metabolism and bone healing. PMID- 7318262 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane of patients with Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome. AB - Renal disease, although not a cardinal feature of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome (LMBBS), occurs in more than 70% of patients and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Renal ultrastructural changes have not been well delineated. We have studied glomeruli from three patients with LMBBS and have found similar ultrastructural changes in glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Two patients had decreased renal function, hypertension, and markedly abnormal intravenous urograms with reduced concentration of dye and abnormal pelvicalyceal systems; one patient had normal renal function and minimal distortion of the pelvicalyceal system of one kidney. Ligh microscopy revealed varying degrees of increase in mesangial cellularity and matrix. These changes involved almost all glomeruli and were segmental. The abnormalities ranged from mild mesangial cell proliferation to complete sclerosis of the glomerular tuft. Ultrastructural study revealed marked alterations of the glomerular basement membrane: effacement of the trilaminar architecture, segmental and irregular thickening alternating with thinning and rarefaction, accumulation of granular and fibrillary material within the inner third of the GBM. These ultrastructural changes may be the earliest and primary glomerular abnormality seen in LMBBS because they were seen in a patient who had minimal changes on light microscopy. PMID- 7318263 TI - Short-term thoracic duct drainage in drug resistant immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis. Evaluation of lymph and blood lymphocyte characteristics during drainage. AB - Thoracic duct drainage has so far been employed in clinical nephrology mainly in renal transplantation and in immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis. The effectiveness of duct drainage in producing immunosuppression has been widely demonstrated, and several authors have used long-term, and others short-term drainage. 12 patients suffering from drug resistant immunologically mediated glomerulonephritis were treated with short-term (mean 10 days) thoracic duct drainage. In order to define the time, type and evolution of changes in immunological status, humoral and cellular immunity were studied daily in all patients. Marked changes (mainly in the number of lymphocytes drained and in their nucleic acid content and E-rosette forming capacity) take place in the first (4-5) days of drainage. These findings, together with positive clinical and laboratory results obtained in our patients, suggest that satisfactory immunosuppression may be achieved by short-term drainage, which is simpler and safer than long-term drainage. The procedure might thus be extended to a wider number of immunological diseases where drug therapy fails to take effect. PMID- 7318265 TI - Comprehensive care of COPD. PMID- 7318264 TI - "Marching Cavity" of histoplasmosis in a patient with leukocyte alkaline phosphatase deficiency. PMID- 7318266 TI - Should colorectal carcinoma be sought in periodic health examinations?--an approach to the evidence. PMID- 7318267 TI - Gastrointestinal hormonal changes of acute hepatic failure in the pig. PMID- 7318268 TI - Surgical rates in the Canadian Forces and the general Canadian population. PMID- 7318270 TI - Practical aspects of radiotherapy planning with computed tomography. PMID- 7318269 TI - Quality of care assessment: how to set up and use an indicator condition. PMID- 7318271 TI - Medical education, medical research and patient care--a constitutional crisis. PMID- 7318272 TI - Clinical medicine as a hard science. PMID- 7318273 TI - Brain metastases from breast cancer: clinical course, prognosis and influence of treatment. PMID- 7318274 TI - How representative is a lymph node biopsy from the axilla in a node-negative breast cancer patient? PMID- 7318275 TI - Splenectomy for hairy cell leukaemia. PMID- 7318277 TI - Mandatory cervical biopsy prior to radiotherapy in Nigeria. PMID- 7318278 TI - Umbilical deposits from internal malignancy (the Sister Joseph's nodule). PMID- 7318276 TI - The pretreatment peripheral blood lymphocyte count in 1100 patients with Hodgkin's disease: the prognostic significance and the relationship to the presence of systemic symptoms. PMID- 7318279 TI - Multiple malignancy with a familial tendency. PMID- 7318280 TI - Carcinoid tumour presenting as an orbital metastasis. PMID- 7318281 TI - Urea--treatment of liver metastases. PMID- 7318282 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 7318283 TI - Cation levels in human breast cyst fluid. PMID- 7318284 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 7318285 TI - The practical management of pituitary replacement therapy related to sellar and parasellar surgery. PMID- 7318286 TI - Style, final draft, submission or what I wish I had known about how to write. PMID- 7318288 TI - Graphics in medical illustration. PMID- 7318287 TI - Presentation of a medical lecture. PMID- 7318289 TI - Neurosurgical photography through the microscope. PMID- 7318290 TI - Neurosurgical applications of video techniques. AB - Video technology has advanced to the point that small lightweight cameras can be easily added to the operating microscope. This photodocumentation modality offers major advantages in the performance of the operation by facilitating the participation of the entire operating staff. In addition, it allows review and critical assessment of one's own performance which hopefully will lead to improvements. It has an outstanding educational value with many obvious areas of applicability. With the growth of the home video market, further improvement in equipment and further reductions in cost are likely. PMID- 7318291 TI - Preparing movies of microsurgical operations. PMID- 7318292 TI - Neurological manifestations of external carotid artery disease. PMID- 7318293 TI - Guidelines for noninvasive evaluation of asymptomatic carotid bruits. AB - Basic recommendations for follow-up utilizing OPG/CPA results are as follows: Grade 1: Repeat studies in 12 months in the absence of specific focal TIAs or increase of bifurcation level bruit. Grade 2: Serial studies in 6 to 12 months in the absence of focal TIAs which provide their own indications for evaluation. If stability is established, 12-month interval testing is adequate. Grade 3: Serial studies in 3 to 6 months until a progression trend is established. Anticipation of major surgery with possible hypotension or severe blood loss is an indication for arteriography and possible endarterectomy. Grade 4: If repeat studies confirm grade 4 status, prophylactic carotid arteriography and endarterectomy should be seriously considered. If surgery is not employed, repeat OPG/CPA evaluation at 2 to 4 month intervals detects further progression toward total occlusion. Grade 5: Indications for arteriography in anticipation of surgery are tempered by the lower probability (30%) of a surgically correctable stenosis and the clinical status of the patient. In conclusion, we feel that OPG/CPA represents one valid means of noninvasively evaluating the presence and underlying hemodynamic significance of an asymptomatic bruit with sufficient reliability to justify angiography and prophylactic carotid endarterectomy on the basis of appropriate findings. PMID- 7318294 TI - Cranial nerve vascular compression syndromes (other than tic douloureux and hemifacial spasm). PMID- 7318296 TI - Computed tomography: basic principles of operation. PMID- 7318297 TI - Effects of early peripheral lesions on the somatotopic organization of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 7318295 TI - Assessment of sensory function in the operating room utilizing cerebral evoked potentials: a study of fifty-six surgically anesthetized patients. AB - Sensory evoked potentials (visual, auditory, and somatosensory) were recorded from 56 patients at the time of surgery to monitor neural function during critical portions of the operation. Fluctuations in latency and amplitude of the components occurred with changes in depth of anesthesia, blood pressure, irrigation, and neural tissue manipulation. Most of these changes were only transient. Permanent changes in evoked potentials occurred with decompression of neural tissue and prolonged retraction. Transient changes were not associated with any change in postoperative neurological function whereas changes in evoked potentials that persisted through the operation were highly likely to be associated with a postoperative change. PMID- 7318298 TI - Techniques of intracranial pressure monitoring. PMID- 7318299 TI - Medical and surgical management of spasticity. PMID- 7318300 TI - Anticoagulant in cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 7318301 TI - Developments in infertility practice. PMID- 7318302 TI - Endometriosis. PMID- 7318303 TI - Polycystic ovaries. PMID- 7318304 TI - Interaction of chlorpromazine and nortriptyline in patients with schizophrenia. AB - Seven male inpatients suffering from acute schizophrenia were treated with chlorpromazine elixir 100mg 8-hourly for 9 weeks. Nortriptyline 50mg 8-hourly was added during weeks 4, 5 and 6. Plasma chlorpromazine concentrations, antipyrine plasma half-life, blood pressure, pulse rate, pupil size, salivation, handwriting and clinical state were measured at weekly intervals. Plasma chlorpromazine concentrations rose when nortriptyline was added, and the antipyrine plasma half life was prolonged. Blood pressure dropped on institution of chlorpromazine and dropped further with the addition of nortriptyline. The pulse rate rose in a parallel fashion. Pupil size, salivation and handwriting were diminished by chlorpromazine, but hardly affected further by nortriptyline. The addition of nortriptyline dramatically reversed the therapeutic actions of chlorpromazine, mainly through pharmacodynamic interaction. It is concluded that this combination is potentially deleterious, and must be used with care. PMID- 7318305 TI - Pharmacokinetics of metildigoxin and digoxin in geriatric patients with normal and elevated serum creatinine levels. AB - The pharmacokinetics of digoxin and metildigoxin were investigated in geriatric patients on maintenance treatment. Minimum serum glycoside concentrations were determined on 3 consecutive days, and the elimination rate over a withdrawal period of 4 to 6 days was studied. In patients with serum creatinine levels of less than or equal to 1.3 mg/dl, the oral standard dose D1) of digoxin necessary for a minimum serum concentration of 1.0ng/ml was 1.4 times higher than that of metildigoxin. There was no significant difference in the elimination rate of both glycosides. The pharmacokinetics of metildigoxin were further investigated in patients with elevated serum creatinine levels. The standard dose was best correlated with the creatinine clearance, calculated from the serum creatinine, age, weight and sex of the patients. The apparent volume of distribution of metildigoxin decreased with the drug's total body clearance. PMID- 7318306 TI - Influence of age on theophylline clearance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Theophylline total body clearance was calculated in 59 adult patients requiring intravenous aminophylline therapy. Group 1 consisted of 36 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who were cigarette smokers without other conditions known to alter theophylline kinetics (age range: 22 to 79 years). Group 2 consisted of 23 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who were cigarette smokers with a similar degree of congestive heart failure, but free of other characteristics or diseases that affect theophylline disposition (age range: 41 to 81 years). When individual theophylline total body clearance values were plotted against age in each group, poor correlation coefficients were found, indicating that age is not a good predictor of total body clearance of theophylline (group 1: r = 0.101; group 2: r = 0.276). Each group was also broken into 'younger' and 'older' patients. No significant differences in theophylline total body clearance values were found between the younger and older patients for either group I or 2, suggesting that a theophylline dosage reduction is not necessary in cigarette smoking patients over an arbitrary age limit. PMID- 7318307 TI - Colorado voluntary effort futures statement. PMID- 7318308 TI - Disulfiram-like reactions to drugs. PMID- 7318309 TI - Public information grievance procedure: how it works. PMID- 7318310 TI - Haemodynamic changes after surgical reversal of chronic two-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat. AB - 1. Within 24 h of surgical reversal of chronic Goldblatt two-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat, of greater than 4 months duration, blood pressure had fallen to normal levels. At this time there was no difference between the effects of removal of the clip or the ischaemic kidney but, at 60 days after reversal, the blood pressure of rats which had been nephrectomized was significantly higher than that of normal controls. 2. The fall in blood pressure was associated with a fall in total peripheral resistance to normal by 24 h despite the previous established fact that structural vascular changes take much longer to reverse. There was a corresponding rise in cardiac output, mainly due to an increase in stroke volume. Nephrectomized rats had a significantly higher stroke volume compared with those unclipped 24 h after operation. 3. As blood pressure can become normal in the presence of structural cardiovascular change by a fall in total peripheral resistance it would seem unlikely that resistance vessel hypertrophy is responsible for the maintenance of blood pressure in this model. Another peripherally acting mechanism therefore has to be postulated. PMID- 7318312 TI - Role of vasopressin in cardiovascular homeostasis and hypertension. PMID- 7318311 TI - Extent of structurally reduced venous distensibility in rats. AB - 1. Venous pressure--volume relations were studied in maximally vasodilated whole body preparations after cardiac arrest, as well as in fully vasodilated, perfused hindquarter preparations of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls. Central venous pressures were measured also in the anaesthetized animals before cardiac arrest. 2. Central venous pressure in intact, anaesthetized SHR was 1.9 +/- 0.20 mmHg compared with 0.75 +/- 0.25 in controls (P less than 0.001). 3. In both preparations SHR showed a nearly 20% reduction in venous compliance, whereas calculated 'unstressed' volumes (volumes at zero transmural pressure) were largely equal in SHR and controls. 4. SHR capacitance vessels thus appear to have a structurally reduced wall distensibility of about 10% with no change in overall size. It probably reflects a structural adaptation to a modest increase of average transmural pressure that also affects the low-pressure side. PMID- 7318314 TI - Does vasopressin play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension? PMID- 7318313 TI - Increased erythrocyte lithium--sodium countertransport in essential hypertension: its relationship to family history of hypertension. AB - 1. Erythrocyte lithium--sodium countertransport was measured in 46 normotensive healthy controls without family history of hypertension, 15 subjects with essential hypertension, but without evidence of family history of high blood pressure, and 43 subjects with essential hypertension and at least one hypertensive first-degree relative. 2. Mean values (mmol h-1 l-1 of erythrocytes) were 0.248 +/- 0.092 in controls, 0.258 +/- 0.087 in hypertensive subjects without family history (not significant vs controls), 0.360 +/- 0.115 in hypertensive subjects with family history of hypertension (P less than 0.001 vs controls), 0.334 +/- 0.117 in all hypertensive subjects, both with and without family history (P less than 0.001 vs controls). 3. Our data confirm the finding of an increased erythrocyte lithium--sodium countertransport, but with a significant overlap between essential hypertension and control values. Lithium- sodium countertransport is higher only in hypertensive subjects with at least one hypertensive first-degree relative. 4. We suggest that the increase of lithium- sodium countertransport in erythrocytes is not a consistent marker of essential hypertension. It seems to be associated with the family prevalence and/or the hereditability of hypertension, rather than with high blood pressure per se. PMID- 7318315 TI - The reflex control of arginine-vasopressin release in essential hypertension. AB - 1. The reflex control of arginine-vasopressin release was studied in 12 essential established hypertensive patients and in 12 age-matched normal subjects by comparing the effects of head-up tilt and a variable-pressure neck-chamber. 2. After 45 min 85 degrees head-up tilt, normal subjects showed an increase in plasma arginine-vasopressin and in plasma renin activity, while plasma volume decreased. In hypertensive patients, plasma arginine-vasopressin showed changes after tilt opposite to those of controls, while the changes in plasma renin activity and plasma volume were similar to those observed in the normal group. In both groups the changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not statistically significant. A reduction in carotid sinus transmural pressure obtained by increasing neck-tissue pressure (+50 mmHg) by means of a neck chamber, evoked different responses in mean blood pressure in the two groups, but failed to induce any significant change in plasma arginine-vasopressin concentration both in the normal and in the hypertensive subjects. 3. These results seem to suggest that carotid sinus baroreceptors, though active in blood pressure control, do not play a direct role in arginine-vasopressin release and, therefore, the opposite response of arginine-vasopressin observed after tilt in the two groups of subjects should be ascribed to more complex mechanisms. PMID- 7318317 TI - Plasma noradrenaline as a measure of baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive man. AB - 1. Changes in plasma noradrenaline levels and heart rate were used as measures of baroreflex sensitivity in six hypertensive subjects given serial incremental doses of sodium nitroprusside (intravenously) to lower blood pressure. 2. The rises in both heart rate and plasma noradrenaline concentration were linearly related to the decrement in blood pressure and inversely related to the severity of the hypertension. 3. A positive correlation between rise in heart rate and rise in plasma noradrenaline was found for each subject. With increasing severity of hypertension, a greater increase in heart rate occurred for each increment in plasma noradrenaline concentration. 4. Baroreflex sensitivity can be assessed by relating changes in heart rate to change in arterial pressure; however, this method does not distinguish the relative contributions of the vagal and sympathetic components of the autonomic neural response or variations in the chronotropic response to sympathetic stimulation. 5. Changes in plasma noradrenaline levels in response to graded reductions in blood pressure may be a more appropriate measure of baroreflex sensitivity than the methods currently used in clinical investigation. PMID- 7318316 TI - Daily profile of baroreflex sensitivity and the variability of blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients. AB - 1. We have monitored intra-arterial pressure continuously throughout the day and analysed every beat by computer. 2. Baroreflex sensitivity (ms/mmHg) was measured four times a day (07.00, 12.00, 17.00 and 20.00 hours) in seven patients and three times a day (07.00, 12.00 and 17.00 hours) in 23 patients. The diurnal variation of baroreflex sensitivity in individual patients was 0--5.3 ms/mmHg and was not consistent. Mean baroreflex sensitivity was reduced in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects. 3. A negative correlation was seen between baroreflex sensitivity and the variability of systemic blood pressure. 4. Baroreflex sensitivity was well correlated with the variability of heart rate. PMID- 7318318 TI - Reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate from arterial baroreceptors in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7318319 TI - Blood volume and the carotid baroreceptor reflex in conscious rabbits. AB - 1. The effects of acute blood volume change in conscious rabbits on a.c. gain of the carotid baroreceptor reflex with respect to heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were studied. 2. With acute, isohaemic increase in blood volume by 20% and 40% the only consistent trend was a decrease in gain for systemic vascular resistance. 3. With acute reduction in blood volume there was a consistent tendency for gain for heart rate to fall. With 20% reduction in blood volume, gain for cardiac output fell but gain for systemic vascular resistance rose and its phage-lag became shorter, so that gain for blood pressure was unaltered. The enhanced gain for systemic vascular resistance was not sustained with 35% reduction in blood volume, so that gain for blood pressure fell. 4. Thus control of blood pressure by the carotid sinus reflex is remarkably unaffected by acute change in blood volume, and is impaired only when there is depression of gain for cardiac output without a concomitant rise in gain for systemic vascular resistance. PMID- 7318320 TI - A sympathetic hypertensive reflex from the heart of conscious dogs. AB - 1. The aim of the present experiment was to study in conscious animals the effect of chemical stimulation of cardiac sensory innervation by bradykinin, a physiological substance known to activate both vagal and sympathetic cardiac sensory nerve endings, at doses devoid of systemic haemodynamic effects. 2. In conscious dogs with implanted catheters bradykinin (100 ng/kg) injected into a cannulated branch of the left coronary artery induced significant (P less than 0.01, n = 5) reflex increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate as well as increases in left ventricular pressure, left ventricular dP/dt max. and coronary blood flow. 3. These changes were obtained in the absence of pain reactions. 4. The concept, derived from experiments on anaesthetized animals, that chemical stimulation of the intact sensory supply of the heart always elicits a cardiovascular depressor reflex mediated by cardiac vagal afferents has to be modified, as pressor sympathetic reflexes may occur after an appropriate stimulus to the fully innervated heart of conscious dogs. PMID- 7318321 TI - Regression of the baroreceptor resetting in hypertension of long duration in rats. AB - 1. The extent of reversal of baroreceptor resetting after pressure normalization was studied in rats with renal hypertension of up to 6 months duration. The aortas of these rats when compared with those of 2 month hypertensive rats were thicker (44%) and had a larger calibre (29%). 2. The more severe morphological alterations found in the 6 month hypertensive rats did not interfere with the reversibility of the resetting process. The entire range of pressure for baroreceptor activation showed a small downward displacement after 1 h and was functioning at a completely normal pressure 6 h after pressure normalization. 3. The data show that reversal of resetting from hypertension is a very rapid process that is independent of the duration of hypertension and the severity of morphological lesions. Moreover, they indicate that reversal is a permanent phenomenon because it was also observed after 2 days of pressure normalization. PMID- 7318322 TI - Adrenaline-induced hypertension in rats. AB - 1. Rats implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering adrenaline intraperitoneally at the rate of 2.9 nmol/h had significantly higher systolic and diastolic pressures from days 2 to 6 after implantation than sham-operated controls rats. 2. Concomitant treatment with metoprolol tartrate (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, twice daily) prevented the elevation in blood pressure induced by adrenaline from osmotic minipumps. Such metoprolol treatment did not affect the blood pressure of controls rats. 3. Noradrenaline administered intraperitoneally from osmotic minipumps at the rate of 2.9 nmol/h had no significant effect on blood pressure over a 6-day period of observation. 4. Tachyphylaxis developed to the acute pressor responses to intermittent intravenous infusions of adrenaline in doses of 0.78 microgram (4.24 nmol) every 10 min, but after 14 days of such treatment systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly greater than in controls rats. 5. It is suggested that the increase in blood pressure produced by chronic treatment with adrenaline is due to the uptake and accumulation of adrenaline in noradrenergic nerve terminals, from which it is subsequently released as a cotransmitter that mediates a positive feedback loop on transmission by acting on prejunctional beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 7318323 TI - Role of the sympathetic nervous system in spontaneous hypertension: changes in central adrenoceptors and plasma catecholamine levels. PMID- 7318325 TI - Noradrenaline reactivity in patients with phaeochromocytoma before and after surgical correction. PMID- 7318324 TI - Plasma concentrations of catecholamines in two strains of spontaneously hypertensive rats at different ages. AB - 1. Blood pressure was measured and plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline were determined radioenzymatically under basal conditions and after 10% blood volume reduction in blood drawn through catheters previously implanted in young and adult rats of two different genetically hypertensive strains: the Kyoto strain (SHR) and the Milan strain (MHS), and in their respective controls: Wistar -Kyoto strain (WKY) and Milan normotensive strain (MNS). 2. Under basal conditions no differences were observed between plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels in SHR and MHS rats and in the controls, at any age. Haemorrhage produced a greater fall in the blood pressure (P less than 0.01) of young and adult hypertensive strains (SHR-MHS) than in WKY and MNS rats, and a greater rise in plasma adrenaline (P less than 0.01). 3. These results suggest that: (a) there may be differences in involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR and MHS rats but not such as to cause differences in plasma catecholamine levels in either young or adult rats; (b) haemorrhage activates the sympatho--adrenal systems more in SHR and MHS rats, than in controls, and the greater percentage fall in blood pressure is probably due to a difference in reflex venoconstriction. PMID- 7318326 TI - Increased peripheral release of noradrenaline and uptake of adrenaline in essential hypertension? AB - 1. Twenty middle-aged men with untreated sustained essential hypertension for more than 5 years and 19 comparable normotensive controls were investigated. Both groups were derived from The Oslo Study, where they had served as control hypertensive and normotensive subjects. 2. Supine venous and arterial plasma catecholamines were increased in the hypertensive subjects compared with the normotensive subjects. The mean arterial--venous difference for adrenaline in the hypertensive (0.45 +/- SE 0.08 nmol/l) was increased compared with the normotensive group (0.27 +/- 0.03 nmol/l, P less than 0.05). Similarly, the venous--arterial difference for noradrenaline was increased in the hypertensive (0.29 +/- 0.13 nmol/l, P less than 0.05) compared with the normotensive group ( 0.07 +/- 0.11 nmol/l). 3. The results are consistent with an increased release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla and noradrenaline from the peripheral vascular beds (forearm) in essential hypertension. The increased arterial--venous difference for adrenaline in the hypertensive group also suggests an increased uptake of adrenaline in the peripheral vascular beds. PMID- 7318327 TI - Adrenaline neurons and PNMT activity in the brain and spinal cord of genetically hypertensive rats and rats with DOCA--salt hypertension. AB - 1. We have studied the number of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) containing nerve cells in the medulla and the activity of PNMT in the medulla, spinal cord and hypothalamus of the rat. 2. At 4 weeks of age there was an increase in the number of PNMT cells counted in the medulla of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR; 21%, P less than 0.01) and the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR-SP; 22%, P less than 0.01) compared with the Wistar--Kyoto (WKY) control rat. 3. At 4 months of age there were no significant differences in the number of medullary PNMT cells in two normotensive strains (WKY and Fisher rats), two genetically hypertensive strains (SHR and SHR-SP) and in DOCA--salt hypertensive rats. 4. In four week old rats the activity of PNMT was increased by about 50% in the spinal cord and medulla of the SHR and SHR-SP compared with the WKY rats, and immunotitration experiments suggest that this is due to an increased concentration of enzyme. 5. At 4 months of age there were no increases in PNMT activity of either genetically hypertensive rats or DOCA--salt hypertensive rats. PMID- 7318328 TI - Central dopaminergic mechanisms in young patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7318329 TI - Specific nuclear binding of angiotensin II by rat liver and spleen nuclei. PMID- 7318330 TI - Intralymphocytic sodium concentration as an index of response to stress and exercise in young subjects with borderline hypertension. PMID- 7318331 TI - Dietary sodium, erythrocyte sodium concentration, sodium-stimulated lithium efflux and blood pressure. AB - 1. There was a significant positive relationship between sodium-stimulated lithium efflux and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.512) in erythrocytes of black school children. Weight was also positively and significantly correlated with blood pressure. Although erythrocyte sodium concentration did not bear any significant relationship with blood pressure, it did bear significant inverse relationship with urinary sodium excretion. 2. High-school students were randomly assigned to either the experimental or the control group. In the former a reduction of about 70% in salt intake was achieved. After 24 days, the erythrocyte sodium concentration was significantly reduced in the experimental group. A non-significant decline in systolic blood pressure was observed in the experimental group; no change was detectable in the control group for either erythrocyte sodium concentration or systolic blood pressure. PMID- 7318332 TI - Are prostaglandins involved in the antihypertensive effect of dihydralazine? AB - 1. Two female and two male patients with essential hypertension were given dihydralazine plus saline or dihydralazine plus diclofenac intravenously on two separate occasions. The dihydralazine dose (range: 16.2--32.4 mg/2 h) was chosen individually to reduce systolic blood pressure by 20 mmHg from the control value before the investigation; the intravenous diclofenac dose was 75 mg/20 ml of saline for all patients. 2. Dihydralazine decreased diastolic blood pressure more than systolic blood pressure and increased heart rate; diclofenac reduced both of these effects. 3. Dihydralazine increased urinary volume and sodium clearance; both these effects were antagonized by concomitant treatment with diclofenac. 4. Whereas dihydralazine did not influence creatinine clearance appreciably, concomitant administration of diclofenac reduced creatinine clearance. 5. Urinary prostaglandin E2 was reduced by diclofenac. 6. We suggest that dihydralazine mediated vasodilation is reduced by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. PMID- 7318333 TI - Relationship between altered Na+--K+ cotransport and Na+--Li+ countertransport in the erythrocytes of 'essential' hypertensive patients. AB - 1. The maximal rate of activity of sodium extrusion by the sodium pump, Na+--K+ outward cotransport, passive permeability to sodium and potassium, Na+--Li+ countertransport, and passive permeability to lithium were measured in 45 essential hypertensive patients, 24 young normotensive subjects with at least one hypertensive parent and 24 normotensive subjects with both parents normotensive. 2. The maximal rate of activity of the sodium pump and the rate constants for passive permeability to sodium, potassium and lithium were similar in the three groups. 3. The mean value for Na+--K+ outward cotransport was significantly lower and that for Na+--Li+ countertransport significantly higher in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive subjects without a family history of hypertension, but there was a great overlap between individual values. The offspring of hypertensive parents had intermediate values. 4. A highly significant positive correlation existed between Na+--K+ cotransport and Na+--Li+ countertransport both in the normotensive and in the hypertensive subjects, indicating that in the latter there were some with high Na+--Li+ countertransport and others with low Na+--K+ cotransport. 5. In nine hypertensive families studied, if an alteration of the transport system was detected in a hypertensive propositus, the same type of alteration was also found in his still normotensive offspring, thus indicating a familial tendency for the alteration to occur. PMID- 7318334 TI - Derivation of neutral antihypertensive lipid from renal venous effluent in rats. AB - 1. The antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid (ANRL) is a natural product derived from fresh renal medulla and from venous blood. 2. ANRL appears to be an antihypertensive hormone secreted when the kidney exerts its antihypertensive function after unclipping. 3. The kidney appears to be the main source of ANRL, maintaining a basal rate of secretion of ANRL. 4. The kidney of the one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rat appears to secrete an inappropriate amount of ANRL. Thus a deficiency of the secretion of the antihypertensive hormone may play a role in the pathogenesis of the one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive model. 5. Degranulation of the renomedullary interstitial cells (RIC) occurs as the kidney exerts its antihypertensive action after unclipping, supporting these cells as the source of ANRL. 6. Channels between collecting duct cells may encourage water reabsorption while the clip is in place; conversely, the closure of these channels when the clip is removed may encourage the diuresis that is observed. PMID- 7318335 TI - Chemical renal medullectomy; effect upon reversal of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat. AB - 1. Chemical renal medullectomy was produced in rats by injection of 2 bromoethylamine hydrobromide. Plasma creatinine and blood pressure were unchanged although urine volume was increased fourfold. 2. Left renal artery constriction resulted in similar degrees of hypertension in both intact and medullectomized rats. This was associated with a significantly smaller rise in plasma renin concentration in the latter. 3. Blood pressure in conscious intact hypertensive rats became normal within 24 h of unclipping whereas blood pressure of medullectomized rats remained significantly elevated. 4. The presence of an intact renal medulla is essential to the complete reversal of two-kidney, one clip hypertension in the rat. This may reflect the loss of a medullary vasodepressor system. PMID- 7318336 TI - Central peptidergic stimulation in blood pressure control: role of enkephalins in rats. PMID- 7318338 TI - Association between the C3F-gene and essential hypertension. AB - 1. The complement 3 (C3) phenotype distribution in 112 patients with essential hypertension was compared with the distribution of 316 normotensive control subjects. 2. A significant increased frequency of the C3F-gene was found among the patients (0.2637 vs 0.1721, P = 0.0031), indicating an association between the C3F-gene and essential hypertension. 3. The relative risk of essential hypertension was calculated to be 1.90 for C3F-positive individuals. 4. The association between the C3F-gene and essential hypertension was stronger among the untreated patients, where a relative risk of 3.89 was found for C3F-positive subjects. 5. A significant negative correlation was found between the C3F positivity and the severity of the hypertensive disease estimated by eye group changes. This might be in accordance with a negative natural selection of C3F positive hypertensive patients. 6. The study supports the hypothesis that immunogenetic factors may be of pathogenetic importance in essential hypertension. PMID- 7318337 TI - Experimental essential hypertension in the rat? AB - 1. A human urinary thermostable glycoprotein (ABG-TsU) believed to be a homologue of the plasma aldosterone-binding globulin (ABG) was isolated and purified by differential ultrafiltration, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration to electrophoretic homogeneity; it showed a charge heterogeneity in electrofocussing. 2. ABG-TsU was administered intraperitoneally to male rats in small daily doses (7 microgram/day per rat). Sustained hypertension developed in 5--8 days. 3. The treated rats showed no changes in plasma electrolytes, aldosterone or plasma renin activity; however, a significant increase in heart weight was observed. 4. This hypertension appears to be adrenal dependent since it is prevented by bilateral adrenalectomy or administration of an aldosterone antagonist, but not by adrenalectomy when aldosterone is given concomitantly with ABG-TsU. PMID- 7318339 TI - Hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and stomach cancer: is the salt hypothesis true? AB - 1. Analysis of age-adjusted death rates from 21 countries over a 20-year period identified the presence of a strong positive association between recorded mortality from stroke, hypertension and stomach cancer. However, the slopes of regression lines for secular trends analyses varied considerably from country to country, suggesting an inconsistency in the pattern of the relationship. 2. A death certificate study of diagnostic concordance correctly identified previously known disease associations but failed to recognise any special relationship between stroke and stomach cancer or hypertension and stomach cancer. 3. Our results fail to confirm the presence of a unique relationship between stroke and stomach cancer. On the basis of these observations, the hypothesis that exposure to salt increases an individual's risk of developing both stroke and stomach cancer seems unlikely. PMID- 7318341 TI - Alcohol: effect on blood pressure and predisposition to hypertension. PMID- 7318340 TI - Effect of acute and chronic salt loading on erythrocyte 22Na efflux in males with essential hypertension. AB - 1. Present results confirm our previous work which showed that a sodium intake over 3 mmol day-1 kg-1 decreased the total erythrocyte efflux rate constant in untreated males with essential hypertension. 2. The infusion of saline (2.25 mmol of Na+/kg) over 30 min decreased the efflux rate constant. 3. The change after chronic sodium loading and the intravenous infusion of saline is in the ouabain sensitive component (ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+ aTPase pump activity) of total efflux. 4. The reduction in efflux by an acute sodium load occurred only when chronic sodium intake was low. 5. Posture did not affect the efflux rate constant whether sodium intake was high or low. 6. The reduction in efflux after chronic ingestion and acute administration of sodium occurred only when erythrocytes were incubated in plasma. It did not occur in artificial medium, which suggested that a plasma factor mediated the effect of added sodium on cell sodium efflux. 7. The effect of sodium on cell sodium transport by a plasma factor with ouabain-like properties (which may be a natriuretic hormone) constitutes a regulatory system. This system, the sodium--ouabain-sensitive cell sodium-transport pathway system, has important implications for the understanding of blood pressure control and sodium homeostasis. PMID- 7318342 TI - Anger, anxiety, guilt and increased basal and stress-induced neurogenic tone: causes or effects in primary hypertension? AB - 1. Basal plasma and spinal fluid noradrenaline were increased in patients with primary hypertension and phaeochromocytoma compared with normotensive patients (P less than 0.01). 2. Patients with primary hypertension had more anger (P less than 0.01), anxiety (P less than 0.01) and guilt (P less than 0.05) than normotensive patients or patients with phaeochromocytoma. 3. The responses of noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were similar after mental and isometric stress in primary hypertensive and normotensive subjects. 4. However, after mental stress and isometric exercise there were increased responses of plasma noradrenaline and systolic blood pressure respectively, in patients with high anxiety and anger compared with those below the 50th percentile (P less than 0.05). 5. Increased central and peripheral neurogenic tone at rest and after stress in association with increased anxiety and suppressed anger appear to be pathogenic factors in some patients with primary hypertension and may not be a result of the blood pressure elevation. PMID- 7318343 TI - Response of patients with renal involvement by progressive systemic sclerosis to antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 7318344 TI - Accuracy of the London School of Hygiene and Remler M2000 sphygmomanometers. AB - 1. The accuracy of the Remler M2000, a semiautomatic portable blood pressure recorder, was assessed with the London School of Hygiene (LSH) and Hawkesley random-zero sphygmomanometers used as reference standards. 2. The Remler gave higher recordings than the LSH sphygmomanometer, the mean systolic and diastolic differences being 5.9 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and 4.7 mmHg (P less than 0.001) respectively. No significant difference was demonstrated between paired Remler and Hawkesley recordings. 3. When simultaneous paired LSH and Hawkesley sphygmomanometer recordings were compared, with LSH gave lower blood pressures: 7.1 mmHg (P less than 0.001) for systolic and 3.6 mmHg (P less than 0.001) for diastolic recordings. 4. The LSH sphygmomanometer underestimates blood pressure, partly due to a calibration error but also because the selection of end points for this device differs from other methods of blood pressure measurement. PMID- 7318345 TI - The problem of treatment in mild hypertension. PMID- 7318346 TI - Intracellular cation activities and concentrations in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - 1. The intracellular concentrations of Na+,K+ and Ca2+ were measured in the erythrocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar rats. 2. The intracellular Na+ concentration in hypertensive rats was slightly elevated at 3.16 +/- 0.25 compared with 2.85 +/- 0.35 mmol/l (P approximately 0.05) and intracellular Na+ activity was markedly increased in hypertensive rats. 3. Intracellular Ca2+ activity was 7519 +/- 28990 nmol/l of free water in hypertensive rats compared with 123 +/- 98 in controls (P less than 0.01). 4. The cytoplasm of hypertensive animals did not buffer Ca2+ as effectively as that of normal animals. 5. It is concluded that a decreased binding capacity of intracellular macromolecules for Na+ and Ca2+ may explain the disturbances of intracellular electrolyte composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7318347 TI - Metoprolol and pindolol in hypertension: different effects on peripheral haemodynamics. AB - 1. Thirty-six patients with essential hypertension, were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with either metoprolol (100--200 mg/day) or pindolol (5- 10 mg/day). The effects upon blood pressure and peripheral blood flow were determined. Both drugs reduced blood pressure significantly. 2. Heart rate was significantly reduced by metoprolol but not by pindolol. 3. Vascular resistance at maximal dilatation was not changed by either pindolol. 4. At rest, pindolol reduced vascular resistance in the calf by 14% (P less than 0.05) but metoprolol tended to increase the resistance slightly. The difference in effect was also significant (P less than 0.005). 5. During leg muscle work there were no changes in vascular resistance in the forearm with either compound. 6. We conclude that pindolol appears to reduce blood pressure at least partly through vascular mechanisms, in contrast to metoprolol. The response to sympathetic stimulation induced by physical exercise does not differ between metoprolol- and pindolol treated patients. PMID- 7318348 TI - Effects of combined alpha- and beta-receptor blockade on peripheral circulation in essential hypertension. AB - 1. Six weeks' treatment with labetalol (600 mg/day) significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressures in 24 patients with essential hypertension. There was a small but not significant decrease in heart rate. 2. After 6 weeks of therapy mean digital arterial blood flow at rest and during reactive hyperaemia had increased by 26%. 3. In nine essential hypertensive patients intravenous administration of 100 mg of labetalol caused prompt and striking reductions of systolic and diastolic blood pressures without significant changes in heart rate. There was a consistent and significant increase in peripheral blood flow by 32% 5 min after administration of the drug. 4. Antagonism of alpha-receptors in addition to beta-receptors might improve peripheral arterial blood flow while achieving antihypertensive control. Thus labetalol, owing to its favourable haemodynamic effects, may have advantages over conventional pure beta-receptor-blocking agents. PMID- 7318349 TI - An analysis of the blood pressure response to labetalol in hypertensive patients. PMID- 7318350 TI - Abnormal calcium handling by isolated cardiac plasma membrane from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Calcium handling by heart sarcolemmal vesicles from young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar--Kyoto (WKY) control rats were compared. 2. Calcium binding was significantly altered in SHR membranes at the physiological cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations which occur in resting and excited cells. 3. ATP-dependent calcium accumulation occurred at a higher rate in SHR than in WKY rat membrane vesicles. 4. Na+-dependent calcium extrusion of loaded vesicles was higher in SHR than in WKY rat membrane vesicles. 5. These alterations may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. PMID- 7318352 TI - Effects of prizidilol (SKF 92657) on blood pressure, haemodynamics, sympathetic nervous system activity and plasma volume in essential hypertension. AB - 1. The antihypertensive effect of 4 weeks' treatment with prizidilol (SKF 92657) (mean dosage 520 mg once or twice daily) was studied in ten essential hypertensive patients. 2. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced in all cases. Supine heart rate did not change, and in the erect position heart rate was significantly lowered. 3. Blood pressure reduction was due to peripheral vasodilatation, as the cardiac index increased after 4 weeks of prizidilol treatment. 4. After prizidilol plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline increased significantly, and PRA and plasma aldosterone were reduced. Although plasma volume increased, body weight did not change. 5. Cardiac performance, as evaluated by the PEP/LVET ratio, improved after treatment with prizidilol. PMID- 7318354 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation or surgery in the management of renal vascular hypertension? AB - 1. Twelve patients with renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular disease (FMD) were treated with percutaneous transluminal dilation (PTD) and their results (first year) compared with those for 26 patients treated with attempted renal artery bypass. The cumulative probability of cure at 1 year was 0.67 for PTD and 0.36 for surgery (P = N.S.) in patients with FMD. The cumulative probability of being improved or cured was 0.92 for PTD and 0.88 for surgery. 2. Eighteen patients with renal artery stenosis due to atherosclerosis were treated with PTD and their results compared with those of 28 patients treated by surgery. The cumulative probability of cure at 1 year was 0.11 for PTD and 0.17 for surgery (P = N.S.). The cumulative probability for cure or improvement at 1 year was 0.30 for PTD and 0.88 for surgery (P less than 0.001). 3. We conclude that PTD may be a satisfactory alternative to surgery in fibromuscular disease, but is inferior to surgery in atherosclerotic disease causing renal artery stenosis. 4. A randomized clinical trial is needed to define the role of PTD and surgery in renal artery stenosis. PMID- 7318353 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of renal artery stenosis: 2 years' experience. PMID- 7318351 TI - Lack of antagonism in the antihypertensive effects of clonidine and prazosin in man. AB - 1. In four patients, whose hypertension was not controlled (supine blood pressure greater than 150--90 mmHg) by addition of 5 mg/day of prazosin to previous treatment (diuretics and beta-blockers), clonidine (150--450 microgram/day) led to control of hypertension in three cases. 2. In ten patients whose hypertension was not controlled by a treatment including clonidine (300--450 microgram/day), the progressive addition of prazosin to a maximal dose of 4--22.5 mg/day led to control of hypertension in nine cases (mean supine blood pressure decreased from 174--102 to 144--88 mmHg). 3. In 13 hospitalized patients, clonidine was abruptly interrupted whereas prazosin was continued. Mean blood pressure (+/- SEM) rose from 145 +/- 1/85 +/- 2 to 169 +/- 7/104 +/- 5 mmHg 48 h after clonidine withdrawal whereas plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline rose from 328 to 758 pg/ml and from 75 to 137 pg/ml. No subjective symptoms were noted. There was a negative correlation between blood pressure increase and the dose of prazosin. 4. It is concluded that (a) there is no antagonism between clonidine and prazosin in their antihypertensive action in man when used at usual clinical doses, (b) a protective effect of prazosin against an eventual clonidine withdrawal syndrome is suggested by the negative correlation between blood pressure increase and the dose of prazosin. PMID- 7318355 TI - Can placebo therapy influence arterial blood pressure? AB - 1. With standard sphygmomanometric techniques used in conjunction with continuous intra-arterial monitoring the antihypertensive effect of placebo was examined in a group of patients participating in a controlled clinical trial. 2. Twelve of the 20 patients entered completed all stages of a randomized double-blind controlled trial of placebo and indoramin. Clinic blood pressure in patients receiving placebo showed reductions which were highly significant (P less than 0.001). Simultaneous intra-arterial monitoring showed no reduction of the blood pressure over the 24 h studied. 3. The clinic pressures showed minimal reduction of blood pressure in response to indoramin therapy whereas intra-arterial pressures showed a significant fall (P less than 0.01). 4. The response of the blood pressure to placebo appears to be an artifact of the indirect sphygmomanometric method and its use as a control in this study led to under estimation of the efficacy of indoramin. PMID- 7318356 TI - Paraventricular--suprachiasmatic lesions prevent salt-induced hypertension in Dahl rats. AB - 1. We studied the effects that lesions produced in the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei and intervening periventricular area had on 24 h mean circadian blood pressures in Dahl salt-sensitive and -resistant rats and their sham-operated controls. We measured blood pressures while the animals were on a low salt diet and after 1, 5 and 13 weeks of 8% NaCl diet. 2. Salt-sensitive rats with lesions had lower blood pressures than salt-sensitive sham-operated controls at all points of the study. In contrast, identical lesions in salt-resistant rats produced a transient pressor response to the diet. Twenty-four hour mean heart rate, determined after 13 weeks of 8% NaCl intake, was low only in salt-sensitive rats with lesions. Sodium intake and excretion per kg of body weight, as well as plasma sodium concentrations, were similar in all groups. 3. We conclude that the anteromedial hypothalamic area, which includes the paraventricular nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the intervening periventricular area, participates in the development of Dahl hypertension. We suggest that a multifactorial mechanism is involved: (a) the facilitatory role of this region in ACTH release, (b) this region's participation in the baroreceptor reflex via vasopressinergic efferents to the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, and (c) the roles of the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei in the regulation of salt and water balance. PMID- 7318357 TI - Brain lesions in the paraventricular nuclei and catecholaminergic neurons minimize salt hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. AB - 1. The rise in blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats that received intracerebroventricular 6-hydroxydopamine was almost half that of the control rats throughout 20 weeks of high (8%) NaCl feeding. 2. The rise in blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats with bilateral complete electrolytic lesions of the paraventricular nuclei was almost half that of the control rats during 12 weeks of high (8%) NaCl feeding. 3. The bilateral complete electrolytic lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei enhanced the development of NaCl hypertension in Dahl salt sensitive rats. 4. These results show that NaCl-induced hypertension in Dahl salt sensitive rats requires the integrity of the central nervous system catecholaminergic neurones and the paraventricular nuclei for its full expression. PMID- 7318358 TI - Chemical denervation does not affect the medial hypertrophy and increased calcium sensitivity of mesenteric resistance vessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 7318359 TI - Calcium antagonists decrease adrenal and vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II in normal man. AB - 1. The effect of the calcium antagonist nifedipine on the pressor and aldosterone responses to angiotensin II was studied in six normal subjects. 2. Blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma aldosterone, potassium and cortisol were measured during paired consecutive infusions of angiotensin II (5, 10 and 20 ng min-1 kg 1) on two separate occasions. Nifedipine (20 mg by mouth) was given, 30 min before the second set of infusions. 3. After nifedipine there were reciprocal changes in supine resting blood pressure (-7 mmHg) and pulse rate (+18 min-1) and a significant decrease in the pressor response to angiotensin II (P less than 0.05; Wilcoxon signed rank test). 4. Basal levels of aldosterone were not changed by nifedipine, but the response to angiotensin II was significantly attenuated (P less than 0.05). Nifedipine had no effect on plasma potassium or cortisol. 5. Transmembrane movement of calcium is involved in the aldosterone response to angiotensin II in man. Calcium antagonists may lower blood pressure via decreased adrenal responsiveness to angiotensin II as well as by peripheral vasodilatation. PMID- 7318360 TI - Partial replacement of sodium by potassium in the diet restores impaired noradrenaline inactivation and lowers blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Partial replacement of sodium by potassium in the diet attenuates the rise in blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP). 2. The blood pressure-lowering effect of potassium cannot be ascribed to a reduction in intravascular volume. 3. The increased dietary intake of potassium leads to a reduced stimulation of the sympathoneuronal and sympathoadrenal system by cold compared with the response of sodium-loaded rats. 4. The impaired inactivation of noradrenaline observed in sodium-loaded SHR-SP is improved in SHR-SP on a potassium-substituted diet. 5. It is concluded that changes in dietary intake of sodium and potassium modulate sympathetic activity and the metabolism of noradrenaline, both of which are related to the development of hypertension in SHR-SP. PMID- 7318362 TI - Studies on the hypotensive effect of high potassium intake in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 7318361 TI - Potassium citrate feeding protects against nephron loss in severe sodium chloride hypertension in rats. PMID- 7318363 TI - Relation of arterial pressure with exchangeable and total body sodium and with plasma exchangeable and total body potassium in essential hypertension. PMID- 7318365 TI - Possible relationship between psycho-emotional factors and haemodynamic patterns in the pathogenesis of mild blood pressure elevation. AB - 1. Psycho-emotional profiles were compared with invasive haemodynamic findings in a population sample of 37 young men (mean age 27 years) with mild blood pressure elevation and in 21 matched normotensive controls. 2. In comparison with normotensive controls, subjects with hyperkinetic blood pressure elevation had higher irritability levels, more guilt feelings and more psychic distressful symptoms. 3. In subjects with blood pressure elevation and normokinetic circulation structural vascular changes were found, and their psycho-emotional profiles showed high irritability levels but not significantly increased guilt or anxiety. 4. These results indicate a relationship between psychological factors and haemodynamic patterns in mild blood pressure elevation. A psychosomatic aetiology in hyperkinetic blood pressure elevation is suggested, and the psychological findings are compatible with a gradual development from hyperkinetic to normokinetic blood pressure elevation. PMID- 7318364 TI - Blood pressure and plasma sodium and potassium. AB - 1. Two thousand, three hundred and twenty-eight men and 1496 women between the ages of 35 and 64 years were screened for hypertension and their plasma sodium and potassium concentrations measured. Those on antihypertensive or diuretic treatment were excluded from further analysis. 2. After adjusting for age, body mass index and other variables, plasma potassium was negatively associated with both systolic and diastolic pressure in men and women. A decrease in plasma potassium of 1 mmol/l was associated with an increase in systolic pressure in women of 7 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and diastolic pressure of 4 mmHg (P less than 0.001). In men the corresponding increases were 4 mmHg (P less than 0.01) and 2 mmHg (P less than 0.05). 3. After adjusting for the other variables as above, plasma sodium was positively related to systolic blood pressure but not to diastolic pressure. An increase in plasma sodium of 1 mmol/l was associated with an increase in systolic pressure of 1 mmHg in both men (P less than 0.01) and women (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7318366 TI - Time-course of vascular resistance changes in mineralocorticoid hypertension of man. PMID- 7318367 TI - [Conservation and treatment of the rectum in surgery of chronic ulcerative colitis (ulcerous rectocolitis and granulomatous colitis)]. PMID- 7318368 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of hepatic damage: comparison of 2 therapeutic modalities]. PMID- 7318369 TI - [Jaundice caused by ajmaline: pathogenetic theory concerning 5 cases]. PMID- 7318370 TI - [The use of kanendomycin in aerosol administration in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 7318371 TI - Medically serious self-poisoning in West Fife, 1970-1979. AB - Two thousand two hundred and four patients with acute poisoning admitted between 1970 and 1979 to an acute District Medical Unit were reviewed with special regard to the serious medical consequences of overdosage. The incidence of barbiturate and methaqualone poisonings declined but benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and dextroproproxyphene were more commonly taken. As a result, there was no overall change in the proportion of patients admitted unconscious or requiring respiratory support. The dangers of dextropropoxyphene poisoning have become increasingly apparent, and poisoning with paracetamol has become as frequent as salicylate poisoning. In view of these changing trends, measures to limit the morbidity and mortality from self-poisoning are suggested. PMID- 7318372 TI - An ultraviolet spectrophotometric procedure for differentiation and quantitation of barbiturates. PMID- 7318373 TI - Use of digoxin radioimmunoassay in forensic investigations of tissue distribution. PMID- 7318375 TI - A fatal case involving pyrilamine. PMID- 7318374 TI - Fatalities from cocaine overdoses in Los Angeles County. PMID- 7318376 TI - Placental transfer of narcotic analgesics in man. PMID- 7318377 TI - Paraquat poisoning: toxicologic and pathologic findings in three fatal cases. PMID- 7318378 TI - Stability of phencyclidine in stored blood. PMID- 7318379 TI - Severe carbamazepine poisoning. PMID- 7318380 TI - A fatal case involving chlorpheniramine. PMID- 7318381 TI - Testing for sedative-hypnotic drugs in the impaired driver: a survey of 72,000 arrests. PMID- 7318382 TI - A chloroquine fatality. PMID- 7318383 TI - Distribution of veterinarian barbiturate preparations in human subjects. PMID- 7318384 TI - Accidental ingestion of Podophyllum. PMID- 7318385 TI - Inhalation toxicology of acute exposure to aliphatic nitriles. AB - Male CD-1 mice were exposed for 60 min to toxic concentrations of acetonitrile, propionitrile, or n-butyronitrile and were maintained for the following 14 d. The LC50 values for acetonitrile, propionitrile, and n-butyronitrile were 2,693, 163, and 249 ppm, respectively. Pretreatment with Na2S2O3 or NaNO2, two common inorganic cyanide antagonists, can provide significant (p < 0.05) protection against the mortality associated with exposure to lethal concentrations of these nitriles. Administration of Na2S2O3 consistently provided a greater measure of protection than did NaNO2 against nitrile poisoning. Pretreatment with a heptatotoxic dose of CCl4 can protect mice against death from inhalation of lethal concentrations of these nitriles. The present results are compared with those of previous studies, and the conclusions support the rationale for administration of inorganic cyanide antagonists to individuals poisoned by inhalation of acetonitrile, propionitrile, or n-butyronitrile. PMID- 7318386 TI - Occupational intoxication and long-term persistence of phencyclidine (PCP) in law enforcement personnel. AB - By utilizing a glass capillary gas chromatographic nitrogen detector (GC2-N) method specific for phencyclidine (PCP) and sensitive to pg/mL in blood or urine samples, we have demonstrated occupational intoxication of law enforcement personnel charged with handling confiscated illegal PCP preparations. Further, we have demonstrated persistence of PCP in blood and urine for at least 6 months after the last known occupational exposure in one officer. Some aspects of the PCP problem are outlined, and possible mechanisms of the occupational intoxication are discussed. PMID- 7318387 TI - Clonidine and naloxone for rapid opiate detoxication: comparison between treatments. PMID- 7318388 TI - Comparative efficacy of injectable calcium and magnesium salts in the therapy of hydrofluoric acid burns. AB - Hydrofluoric acid (HF) causes severe skin burns which often progress in severity despite physiologic neutralization. The currently accepted therapy is the subcutaneous injection of calcium (Ca) gluconate to precipitate the residual free fluoride ion. Magnesium (Mg) also forms an insoluble fluoride salt and is less tissue irritating than Ca. This study compared the effects of subcutaneous injection of saline, Ca gluconate, Mg acetate (MgAc), and Mg sulfate (MgSO4) on lesions resulting from HF burns in rats. Burns treated with either Mg compound healed 3.7 +/- 1.7 days faster (p less than 0.05) developed less severe lesions (p less than 0.01) and exhibited left untreated or treated with saline. There was no difference in the incidence of infection between the study groups. The effects of burns treated with calcium were statistically similar to the control groups. This study suggests that Mg may be more effective than Ca in minimizing the duration, depth, and progression of dermal HF burns. PMID- 7318389 TI - Phencyclidine (PCP)-structure versus reactivity. AB - Seventeen different compounds having structural similarities o PCP (phencyclidine) were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using 125I-phencyclidine reagents (Roche). Affinities were compared with molecular structures and several observations were made. It was found that the three-ring structure (1-phenylcyclo hexylpiperidine) is essential for reactivity. Changes in and to the cyclohexyl ring and/or the piperidine ring reduced reactivity, while changes in the phenyl ring increased reactivity. PMID- 7318390 TI - The metabolism of arsenic in humans acutely intoxicated by As2O3. Its significance for the duration of BAL therapy. AB - The urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic and of its less toxic metabolites [monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DM)] has been followed-up in five cases of acute oral intoxication by As2O3. In addition to supportive therapy all patients were given BAL. The proportion of the three species of urinary arsenic (inorganic, MMA, DMA) changes markedly with time. During the first 2 to 4 d after the intoxication, arsenic is excreted mainly as its unmetabolized inorganic form but this is rapidly followed-up by a progressive increase of the proportion excreted as MMA and DMA. The time at which the majority of arsenic is excreted as its organic metabolites depends on the severity of the intoxication but in all the cases, more than 95% of th excreted arsenic is in the organic form after 9 d, the dimethylated derivative being preponderant. Speciation of arsenicals in urine might be useful to determine the duration of BAL treatment. PMID- 7318391 TI - Fatal hydantoin syndrome: congenital malformation of the urinary tract-a case report. PMID- 7318392 TI - An activated charcoal hemoperfusion system for the treatment of barbital or ethylene glycol poisoning in dogs. AB - The efficacy of activated charcoal (AC) hemoperfusin therapy was studied in dogs acutely poisoned with lethal doses of barbital or ethylene glycol (EG). Two of three barbital-poisoned dogs treated with AC hemoperfusion survived; the dog tha died was only hemoperfused for 1.5 h. Although AC hemoperfusion of EG-poisoned dogs reduced the blood level of the toxicant considerably, this was not enough to effect survival. The use of AC hemoperfusion was an effective therapeutic measure for dogs poisoned with lethal doses of barbital. The use of the AC hemoperfusion system with existing drugs of therapy for EG poisoning may be beneficial. PMID- 7318393 TI - "T's and B's"-Midwestern heroin substitute. AB - "T's and B's" is the street name for the combination of pentazocine and tripelennamine. This combination of drugs has emerged as a major intravenous substitute for heroin in recent years, especially in the Midwest. 104 cases involving 82 patients over a 9-month period were seen at St. Elizabeth Medical Center in Dayton, Ohio. Abscesses and cellulitis were seen in 39% of cases. A characteristic drug reaction involved 38% of cases, and consisted of chest pain, agitation, anxiety, muscle spasms, dizziness, diaphoresis, and nausea as well as other symptoms. Seizures, syncope, and near-syncope were seen in 15% of cases, and a previously described pulmonary reaction involved 38% of cases, and consisted of chest pain syndrome was seen in 4% of the cases. PMID- 7318395 TI - Primary inflammatory muscle diseases. PMID- 7318394 TI - Disorders of potassium homeostasis. PMID- 7318398 TI - Sleep apnea syndromes: mechanisms and therapy. PMID- 7318397 TI - Clinical usefulness of pulmonary function tests. PMID- 7318396 TI - Nephrolithiasis: diagnosis and medical management. PMID- 7318399 TI - Recognition and management of scoliosis. PMID- 7318400 TI - Transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 7318403 TI - Biofeedback. PMID- 7318402 TI - Colon and rectal cancer: etiology and screening. AB - Our ultimate goal is primary prevention of colorectal cancer by delineating the etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of the disease and eliminating or modifying these factors. Further research is needed to accomplish this goal. In the meantime, early detection of colorectal cancer and its precursor lesions can be accomplished by methods currently available. Ultimately, a simple biochemical or immunologic test may become available which will identify individuals at high risk for colon cancer and may indicate that a very early lesion is present. This is the ultimate goal for secondary cancer prevention since the disease would then be discovered at a curable stage in almost all patients. PMID- 7318401 TI - Pathogenesis of lung cancer. PMID- 7318404 TI - Malignant melanoma. PMID- 7318405 TI - Pancreatic cancer. PMID- 7318406 TI - Treatment of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. AB - Improved selection of thyroid nodules for surgery and greater individualization of surgery for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma are emphasized. Thyroid nodules are common but infrequently are manifestations of carcinoma. Needle biopsy permits better selection of patients with thyroid nodules for surgery by identifying those which are malignant or are likely to become malignant. Experience in performing diagnostic needle biopsies and in cytologic and histologic interpretation is essential. The majority of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are well-localized papillary carcinomas controlled by surgery, usually a lobectomy or partial thyroidectomy. Well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas include papillary and follicular types and their subsets. The extent of surgery should be individualized based on gross extent of disease, histologic variety, and age of the patient. The prognosis is reduced for patients more than 40 years of age. With appropriate early surgical treatment, the outlook is excellent. Metastatic disease can frequently also be controlled by large doses of thyroid hormone and the use of radioactive iodine. PMID- 7318407 TI - Head and neck neoplasia following irradiation for benign conditions. PMID- 7318409 TI - The control of cancer through the interaction of community physicians and regional comprehensive cancer centers. PMID- 7318408 TI - The psychologic care of the cancer patient. PMID- 7318410 TI - The other disaster. PMID- 7318411 TI - Difficult decisions--is the court or the clinic the best setting. PMID- 7318412 TI - Regional differences in survival from cancer. PMID- 7318413 TI - For discussion: standard national perinatal data: a suggested minimum data set. PMID- 7318414 TI - Women doctors in the community health services. PMID- 7318415 TI - How many divisions has the Pope? Community medicine and community health councils. PMID- 7318416 TI - Community medicine in the restructured NHS. PMID- 7318417 TI - For discussion: Community medicine in New Zealand. PMID- 7318418 TI - Training objectives and in-service training. PMID- 7318419 TI - Computer programming for nucleic acid studies. III. Calculated ultraviolet absorption spectra of protected oligodeoxyribonucleotides. AB - A computer program called UV. FOR was written in FORTRAN. This program primarily utilizes the digitized UV absorption spectra of 8 protected deoxyribonucleosides in 95% ethanol solution to compose the UV spectrum of a oligodeoxynucleotide of any sequence. Both calculated and observed UV spectra of 2 protected oligodeoxynucleotides are carefully compared. The results show that the calculated UV spectrum is virtually identical to the observed spectrum. Thus, the calculated spectra provide rapid confirmation of oligonucleotide compositions during the course of oligonucleotide synthesis by the phosphotriester method. PMID- 7318420 TI - Symbolic programs for structural identification of linear pharmacokinetic systems. AB - Most parameter estimation techniques implicitly assume that it is possible to determine the parameters of the system uniquely if there were no noise in the output. In practice, this is not always the case. Whether or not this assumption is true for a given input-output experiment is the problem of structural identification. Two programs utilizing symbolic matrix calculus are presented which aid in solving this problem for linear systems. Pharmacokinetic examples are given. PMID- 7318422 TI - A powerful, yet easy to use, computerized analysis of competitive protein binding and radioimmunoassay data. AB - A computerized method has been developed and tested for the automatic computation of data obtained from competitive radio-binding assays, that is easily used by computer and non-computer oriented individuals. The program requires a series of only eleven parameter lines coded from the assay protocol, followed by the data exactly as it is produced from a standard sample counter. From the set of parameters the program is able to find standard curves at scattered locations through an assay, check their "log dose-logit response" least squares linear regression equations statistically for homogeneity of slopes and elevations, pool the standard curves and check the pooled least squares linear regression equation statistically for linearity and non-linearity. The results of the pooled standard curve is presented graphically and in tabular form. Using the linear equation for the pooled standard curves, the concentration for each unknown sample is predicted with its corresponding 95% confidence interval and presented in a table of unknowns. Also provided in the table of unknowns is a mean and standard error of the mean for all biological replicates, including footnote flags to warn the user when an unknown concentration: (i) is outside the 0-100% bound range; (ii) is estimated from a range outside that covered by the standards; or (iii) was estimated from the unusable tail regions of the standard curve. PMID- 7318421 TI - IRAP--a system for the retrieval and analysis of orthopaedic implant data. AB - An interactive computer system for the storage, retrieval and analysis of standardized clinical and material characterization data associated with orthopaedic implants is described. The system consists basically of four independent modules. The essence of the system centers on the cross-referencing capabilities which are virtually unlimited. The system has been designed for use by non-computer trained personnel. PMID- 7318423 TI - The pressure and flow distribution within a filtering capillary network. AB - A model is developed to estimate the parameters controlling glomerular function by network analysis. The topological and dimensional parameters are obtained by reconstructing a Wistar rat glomerulus. The model allows the calculation of blood and plasma flow distribution between the glomerular branches, their contribution to filtration and the drop of intracapillary hydrostatic pressure along the network. The program adjusts the blood flow distribution and the red cells partition at divergent nodes, the afferent intracapillary hydrostatic pressure and the hydrodynamic conductance of the glomerular wall in order to satisfy the following conditions. The intracapillary pressures at a convergent node must be the same whatever pathway is followed to reach that node; the mean integrated intracapillary hydrostatic pressure and the single nephron glomerular filtration rate must equal their experimental value. Convergence is obtained applying the Newton-Raphson method. PMID- 7318424 TI - Guidelines for managing datasets, programs and printouts in scientific research. AB - This paper presents guidelines and naming conventions to assist in managing datasets, programs and printouts for small to medium sized research projects. First, the limits and nature of the type of project are considered. A number of definitions are included to help further specify the problem. Four main areas are addressed. First, a consistent set of rules for naming programs and datasets is presented. Next, techniques for storing and archiving the programs and datasets are presented, using the naming conventions just developed. Third, rules for printout management are given, based on the naming rules. Finally, the documentation of all components of the project is discussed. Although trivial to implement, adherence to the naming rules provides a sound basis for a high quality, easy-to-use documentation system. PMID- 7318425 TI - Comments on the flow cytometry analysis program of J. Fried and M. Mandel. PMID- 7318426 TI - Transpericardial stab wound of the hepatic veins giving rise to cardiac tamponade. Case report and review of the management of liver injuries. PMID- 7318428 TI - Progress in burn management: retrospective look. PMID- 7318427 TI - A report of the acute spinal cord injury center. PMID- 7318429 TI - The microcomputer in medical practice. PMID- 7318430 TI - Guidelines for discontinuance of life-support systems. Los Angeles County Medical Association, Los Angeles County Bar Association. PMID- 7318431 TI - The development of the doctrine of ordinary and extraordinary means of preserving life in Catholic moral theology before the Karen Quinlan case. PMID- 7318432 TI - Discontinuing treatment for the terminally ill: ethical considerations. PMID- 7318433 TI - Reforming the State Hospital Commission. PMID- 7318434 TI - CEA as a cancer marker sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, assisted by the Office for Medical Applications of Research, Office of the Director, NIH. PMID- 7318435 TI - Acceptability of the contraceptive vaginal ring by rural and urban population in two Latin American countries. AB - A study of the field acceptability of the Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (CVR) was carried out in rural, small town and urban slum clinics in four locations, two in Brazil and two in the Dominican Republic (D.R.) The CVR was offered as a new method in the clinics and described as similar to the pill but placed in the vagina for three weeks each month with a one-week rest interval. Follow-up surveys were carried out in the four locations at the end of the experimental period. Three, eight, nine and 12.5% of the total acceptors in each of the 4 locations chose the CVR. The acceptance rate fell after the first five months but recovered during the second year. The acceptance rate was much higher in three rual clinics where the nurses themselves used the ring. The follow-up surveys showed that the fact that the ring is placed and kept in the vagina without removal for a prolonged period was the most important attribute of the method and played a large role in women's reactions to it. Anticipated use-related problems were the most prominent reason given by pill users for not choosing the ring, however ease of use was named as the "most killed" characteristic by 55% of ring users. Women tended to remove the ring for intercours and washed it frequently, often with detergents, thus illustrating their concern with "cleanliness" of an object kept within a body cavity for long periods of time. PMID- 7318436 TI - Postcoital antifertility effect of Mentha arvensis. AB - A uterotonic fraction of Mentha arvensis (UM-fraction) was tested for antifertility effect in rats. Subcutaneous administration of the UM-fraction to rats pregnant from day 1 to day 10 caused a significant interruption in pregnancy. The effect was pronounced during the post-implantation period. At the effective dose, the UM-fraction did not exhibit significant estrogenic or antigonadotropic activities. However, it enhanced the estrogenic effect of estradiol when administered concurrently. PMID- 7318437 TI - Variations of gossypol sensitivity in boar spermatozoal electron transport chain segments. AB - The concentration effect of gossypol on hypotonically-treated boar spermatozoa with either succinate or pyruvate and malate as substrate was examined. It was found that the pathways involved in the metabolism of succinate was more gossypol sensitive. The gossypol sensitivity of various electron transport chain (ETC) segments in boar spermatozoa was also investigated with proper choice of electron donors and acceptors. The succinate to cytochrome c segment was the most sensitive one. However this inhibition threshold (1.8 X 10(-5) M gossypol), being higher than either the uncoupling threshold or the concentration threshold at which spermatozoal motility is reduced, suggests that the main target of gossypol antimotility effect does not seem to be the succinate to cytochrome c segment in the ETC. PMID- 7318440 TI - Testicular hypoplasia in a bull with XX/XY chimerism. AB - A 4-year-old 1/2 Hereford X Bos indicus bull displayed XX/XY chimerism associated with arrested spermatogenesis. Phenotypic examination revealed underdeveloped dorsal neck muscles, a non-pendulous scrotum, testes firm in consistency and a scrotal circumference measurement of 27 cm. On rectal palpation, small seminal vesicles were present and only azoospermic seminal fluid was collected at 3 monthly electroejaculations. Chromosome analysis on 2 monthly batches of leukocyte cultures showed a mean chimeric ratio of 80% of XX:20% XY cells. Cells cultured from skin were all male. Histopathological examination of both testes revealed reduction in size and number of tubules, marked hypoplastic germinal epithelium showing only spermatogonia and a well defined interstitium with large quantities of collagen. The small size of the testes and histological changes were suggestive of a testicular hypoplasia. PMID- 7318438 TI - The effect of high doses of 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose on the rat. AB - Male rats given 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose (240 mg/kg/day for 28 days) developed spermatocoeles in their ductuli efferentes or caput epididymides. They had a lower serum triglyceride content than controls (0.87 +/- 0.19 vs 1.84 +/- 0.19 mM, Mean +/- SEM; n = 6) and gained less weight (2.55 +/- 0.37 vs 4.1 +/- 0.96 g/day, Mean +/- SEM; n = 6). There was no effect on female rats which received the same treatment. Spermatocoeles could also be produced by a single dose of 6 chloro-6-deoxyglucose, the threshold dose was between 180 and 240 mg/kg. Glucose oxidation by liver, brain, kidney and diaphragm from rats given 6-chloro-6 deoxyglucose (240 mg/kg/day for 14 days) was the same as in controls but was decreased in seminiferous tubules (0.32 +/- 0.06 vs 0.74 +/- 0.02 mumol [U 14C]glucose oxidised to 14CO2/g fresh wt/h, Mean +/- SEM; n = 3). The activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [E.C. 1.2.1.12] in liver, brain, testis or muscle from rats given 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose (24 mg/kg/day for 14 days) showed little change although its activity in spermatozoa was dramatically decreased. PMID- 7318441 TI - An example of an economic decision analysis approach to the problem of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis (TEME) in feedlot cattle. PMID- 7318439 TI - Plasma levels of ethinylestradiol (EE) during cyclic treatment with combined oral contraceptives. AB - The purpose of the present study was to extend the still limited data concerning ethinylestradiol (EE) plasma levels after repeated daily ingestion of a combination pill during the course of classical cyclic treatment. Plasma EE levels were followed in 13 volunteers throughout, in total, 19 treatment cycles with either a 50 ug EE (+ 125ug d-norgestrel) or a 30 ug (+ 150ug d-norgestrel) containing oral contraceptive. In addition, single plasma EE determinations were performed in 110 chronic oral contraceptive users. Whereas different patterns in plasma EE levels (sampling 24 hours following last pill ingestion) were observed among the different volunteers, the mean levels increased progressively during treatment and reflected closely the differences in dosage. The values obtained in the volunteers at the end of the treatment cycle showed important interindividual variations. The findings during a first treatment cycle or during the following ones were similar and for different treatment cycles in the same patient, the patterns in plasma EE levels were consistent. The results for single plasma determinations in chronic contraceptive users (sampling between 8th and 21st day of treatment cycle, 9 to 24 hours since last pill ingestion) showed more pronounced interindividual variations, the individual EE levels being not correlated to parameters such as body weight, body surface, months of oral contraception prior to the study, sex hormone binding capacity or day of the cycle. However, significant differences in mean plasma EE levels were noticed for patients treated with different commercial preparations with identical EE content, suggesting the existence of differences in bioavailability. The relevancy of plasma EE determinations is discussed and from the results of the present study, it is concluded that a strictly standardized time of sampling is an absolute condition for obtaining interpretable results. PMID- 7318442 TI - Antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from infected bovine mammary glands. PMID- 7318443 TI - A modified live canine parvovirus strain with novel plaque characteristics. I. Viral attenuation and dog response. AB - A canine parvovirus (CPV) strain (C-780916) was found attenuated for pups at 80, but not after 51 serial passages in dog kidney cell (DKC) cultures. A variant viral population ('large plaque') emerged after prolonged cultivation in DKC cultures that may be associated with reduced native virulence. Dogs vaccinated with modified CPV developed high hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titers within 4 days of incoluation and antibody persisted. Vaccinated animals shed small amounts of virus in the feces that spread to contact dogs. After five back passages in dogs the modified strain was not pathogenic for pups and the plaque characteristics of the virus isolated from the feces were typical of the attenuated strain. The modified live CPV did not cause infection of the fetus when inoculated parenterally into pregnant bitches at various stages of gestation. It was not pathogenic for neonatal pups. These results suggest that a safe and effective live homologous (CPV) vaccine has been developed which should aid substantially in controlling CPV infection. PMID- 7318444 TI - Percutaneous lung biopsy in the horse. AB - Percutaneous lung biopsies with a cutting needle (Vim Tru Cut) were obtained from 20 horses. The procedure was performed in standing horses under a local anesthesia without sedation. All lung tissue specimens were suitable for histologic examinations and contained both pulmonary parenchyma and large airways. The only complication was hemoptysis in 2 (10%) horses which required no therapy. All horses were subsequently killed, and no gross abnormalities were present at the biopsy site. PMID- 7318445 TI - Prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function. PMID- 7318446 TI - Long-term results of anastomotic operations in 120 children with cyanotic congenital heart disease operated on the the first two years of life. AB - The author analyse results of anastomosis in 120 children with cyanotic heart disease operated on in the first two years of life. At the age up to 3 months of life 21 infants were operated on, 11 (52.4%) of whom died in connection with the procedure. Between the 3rd and 24th month of life 99 children were operated on with a death rate of 11.1%. In 94 children hypoxic spells disappeared, cyanosis and hypoxia were relieved. In the majority of patients, however, the duration of an improved general condition was limited to five years. Both immediate and long term results depended first of all on the age of the child and on the type of heart lesion. Patients with tetralogy of Fallot had the lowest operative mortality (7.1%) and the best long-term results. In pulmonary atresia, which has poor prognosis without operation, the results of anastomosis were the least gratifying. The authors consider an anastomotic operation, especially the Blalock and Waterston shunt, to be an important life-saving procedure in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease with hypoxic spells and critical hypoxia. PMID- 7318448 TI - Morphological changes in the heart accompanying the lymph flow disturbance. AB - The author investigated the role played by insufficiency of the cardiac lymph system in the genesis of coronary sclerosis in 20 hearts with signs of lymph stoppage, obtained from patients deceased of malignant neoplasms with metastatic affection of mediastinal lymph nodes, and in 53 dogs, in which the lymph drainage from the heart had been disturbed by ligation and extirpation of the cardiac distal lymph collectors. The structural changes in the intracardiac lymph systems, arterial wall, stroma, and contractile myocardium were investigated by histological, histochemical, and stereoangioscopic methods, in polarized light and by electron microscopy. The findings attested to a marked fibroplastic character of the cardiac lymph arrest and the latter's noxious effect on the cardiomyocytes. The qualitative characteristics and basic mechanisms of lymphogenic sclerosis were discovered, and the adaptive and pathological rebuilding of the cardiac lymph system was described, associated with lymphovenous shunt formation. Comparison of the findings with the character and consequences of changes in the cardiac lymph system in coronary disease showed that lymph drainage arrest of any origin whatever actively supports the genesis of coronary sclerosis. PMID- 7318447 TI - Disturbances in the haemostatic function of blood platelets, plasma clotting system and fibrinolysis after implantation of polyester prostheses into the aorta. PMID- 7318449 TI - Protective effect of inosin in protracted artificial circulation in experiment. PMID- 7318450 TI - Effects of low pH on the action potential and contraction of normal and hypoxic papillary muscles. AB - The effects of low pH (6.5) on action potentials and contractions of rabbit papillary muscles were examined under aerobic and hypoxic conditions (pO2 = 65- 75 mmHg, 8.6-10.0 kPa). An acid medium reduced overshoot, Vmax of phase O and action potential duration, without changing the resting potential, under aerobic aerobic conditions. Maximum twitch tension was reduced and resting tension was increased by 40% and 6% respectively of control values. Upon returning to normal Tyrode, all parameters returned to control values. The effects of acidosis under hypoxic conditions were essentially the same as those described above; acidosis potentiated the effects of hypoxia. It is concluded that in the given experimental conditions, low pH potentiates the effects of hypoxia on electrical and contractile activity, although probably by different mechanisms. The effects of acid medium on the action potential could be well accounted for the a reduction in slow inward current and by an increase in outward background potassium current, probably in relation to an increase in internal free calcium concentration. PMID- 7318451 TI - The effects of bronchopulmonary hygiene on PtcO2 values in critically ill neonates. PMID- 7318452 TI - Successful extubation of neonates: clinical and physiological factors. AB - Arterial blood gases, pulmonary mechanics, lung volume measurements and clinical profiles were determined pre and postextubation in 19 infants recovering from respiratory disease. This study evaluated clinical and physiological factors which may be valuable in predicting successful extubation in neonates. Of the 19 patients, 4 required reintubation within 72 h. In this group of patients, the combined profile of low birth weight (1050 g), low gestational age (31 weeks), and high pulmonary resistance (inspiratory 278 cm H2O/L X sec, expiratory 309 cm H2O/L X sec) was significantly different from the 15 patients who were successfully extubated. In addition, lower pHa after extubation was also characteristic of those infants requiring reintubation. PMID- 7318453 TI - Effect of sodium nitroprusside on postoperative blood loss in the cardiac surgical patient. AB - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is known to inhibit platelet aggregation and has been implicated in postoperative hemorrhagic complications. Because it is a useful agent for treating postoperative hypertension and low cardiac output in the cardiac surgical patient, the authors retrospectively reviewed the course of 53 patients undergoing open heart procedures on cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty-three patients received SNP and 30 did not. There were no differences in baseline hematological or clotting profiles, liver functions, bypass or cross-clamping times or heparin/protamine requirements between the two groups. Analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups in blood product requirements, actual mediastinal drainage, or postoperative measurements of routine clotting parameters. Although biochemical inhibition of platelet aggregation can be demonstrated, the use of SNP in the cardiac surgical patient has no apparent clinical effects which sould detract from its utility in treating hypertension or low cardiac output. PMID- 7318454 TI - The renal and hemodynamic effects of furosemide in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Renal and hemodynamic effects of furosemide were studied in 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction. When marked congestion of lungs was absent, the effects of furosemide were somewhat different from those of recent reports. The changes of pulmonary arterial pressure and wedge pressure were biphasic; there was first pressure rise in many occasions followed by reduced pressure; the latter is commonly believed to be the beneficial effect of furosemide. In these patients without marked congestion but in an acute state of myocardial infarction, within 5 min of furosemide administration, there was marked increase in urine volume, sodium and potassium excretion along with increases in creatinine clearance which is commonly found in the other conditions, but is in contrast to the recent reports on patients with acute myocardial complicated with pulmonary congestion. PMID- 7318455 TI - Persistent nonketotic hyperglycemia as a grave prognostic sign in head-injured patients. AB - The authors studied 86 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU after severe head trauma. Of these, 19 nondiabetic patients developed persistent nonketotic hyperglycemia (NKH), defined as plasma glucose greater than 270 mg/dl (15 mM/L), 1.7 +/- 1.1 (SD) days after injury. When NKH occurred, all patients were in very deep coma (Glasgow Coma Scale score 3), and when intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured (12 patients), its mean value was 59.8 +/- 20.4 mm Hg. Although 11 of 19 patients had associated diabetes insipidus (DI), NKH was not related to increased fluid and glucose loading. All patients with NKH died (mean time of survival after NKH was 2.1 +/- 1.4 days) in contrast to a 17.1% early mortality rate in patients with severe head injury without NKH. The authors could not show a direct correlation between the height of ICP and the level of blood glucose. PMID- 7318457 TI - Continuous monitoring of interstitial fluid potassium during hemorrhagic shock in dogs. AB - It appears that ISFET probes can reliably and continuously monitor IF K+ in vivo for intervals of at least several hours. The consistently observed increase in IF K+ in response to hemorrhage, a phenomenon invisible systemically, suggests that such probes may provide clinically valuable information regarding perfusion related events at the cellular level during onset of and resuscitation from hypoperfusion states. Precise correlation of ISFET signal to specific cellular dysfunction awaits investigation in which muscle cell membrane potential, muscle surface pH, and postexperiment cellular histology are studied concurrently. PMID- 7318456 TI - Ventricular fibrillation masquerading as ventricular standstill. PMID- 7318458 TI - Acute cardiovascular effects of dimethylsulfoxide. AB - Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) has been advocated as a central nervous system (CNS) protectant against ischemia and trauma. The present study was performed to evaluate acute cardiovascular effects of DMSO which might complicate the clinical treatment of CNS compromised patients. Intravenously administered DMSO in doses which reportedly provide CNS protection, 2 g/kg, were infused in 6 dogs; hemodynamic variables were measured and compared to infusion of equal volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride. Immediately after infusion, DMSO caused increases in cardiac index, heart rate, pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (WP), and pulmonary arterial (systolic, mean, and diastolic) pressures which were significantly greater than changes induced by saline. DMSO decreased systematic diastolic pressure and systemic vascular resistance at the end of infusion. Most DMSO induced changes returned toward pre-infusion values 10 min after the end of infusion. These results suggest transient DMSO effects different from equal volumes of saline, possibly due to hyperosmotic expansion of plasma volume. A decrease in systemic vascular resistances was also observed. Although neither CNS production, intracranial pressure or blood flow were studied, these data suggest that DMSO used for CNS protection would not have adverse acute hemodynamic consequences. This may be particularly relevant in traumatized, hypovolemic patients. PMID- 7318459 TI - Neonatal abdominal aortic thrombosis. AB - Thromboembolism of abdominal aorta and its branches after umbilical artery catheterization has been previously reported. In the past, total occlusion of the abdominal aorta and its major branches was associated with high mortality. Successful aortic thrombectomy in the neonatal period has been reported only once in English literature. The successful management of 2 infants described here shows the need for early diagnosis and aggressive approach, including surgical thrombectomy when indicated. Thromboembolism of abdominal aorta and iliac arteries can be diagnosed by noninvasive methods, such as 2-dimensional echoaortography and Doppler blood flow measurement. PMID- 7318462 TI - High altitude cerebral edema: a pathophysiological review. PMID- 7318460 TI - Correction factor for thermodilution determination of cardiac output in children. AB - The authors determined the correction factor (Ct) for three sizes of commonly available central venous catheters. These catheters are used as the injectate catheter when a 2.5 Fr transthoracic thermistor is used to determine cardiac output by thermodilution. The valves for Ct were highly reproducible. These determinations can be used conveniently in children to determine cardiac output by thermodilution. PMID- 7318461 TI - Acute upper airway obstruction--fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis and therapy. AB - Twenty-two patients were referred over a 3-year period for endoscopic evaluation of the upper airways. The diagnosis of acute upper airway obstruction was suspected from clinical means, and 8 of the 22 did prove to have critical encroachment of the upper airways requiring tube passage for stabilization. This technique utilizing the fiberoptic bronchoscope for diagnosis and tube placement represents the approach of choice in the adult population with acute upper airway obstruction. PMID- 7318463 TI - Hypovolemia and permeability pulmonary edema associated with anaphylaxis. PMID- 7318464 TI - Mediastinal infusion recognized by ventilation/perfusion scan. PMID- 7318466 TI - Direct coronal section CT of the retroperitoneum: normal anatomy without contrast. PMID- 7318465 TI - Two cases of hemoptysis after pulmonary arterial (PA) catheterization. PMID- 7318469 TI - Use of computed tomography to demonstrate the extent of tuberculosis. AB - A group of 15 patients with tuberculosis was investigated by computed tomography to document the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. This was compared with information available from the clinical examination. Of the 33 sites of disease shown by CT (confined to the thorax and abdomen), only 17 had been demonstrated by clinical examination and chest x-ray. In addition, 7 patients had cervical lymphadenopathy (an area not scanned). CT shows tuberculosis to be more extensive than would be appreciated by conventional investigation. We think this argues against classifying the disease according to presenting anatomical site. PMID- 7318467 TI - CT scanning of the breast using a conventional CT scanner. AB - Using a conventional body CT scanner, computed tomography of the breast was performed on 32 patients known to have or suspected of having breast masses. Xeromammograms were available for comparison in all cases. All mass lesions were histologically proved. Seven patients were examined prone, 25 supine. The prone position yielded pictures that resembled craniocaudal mammograms. Breast asymmetry, skin thickening, stranding from a mass to the chest wall, calcification, and axillary lymphadenopathy could be demonstrated by means of CT. The portion of the breast adjacent to the chest wall was more readily examined by means of CT than by conventional mammography. Internal mammary nodes could not be demonstrated. PMID- 7318468 TI - Role of computed tomography in the management of infectious disease. AB - All cases referred for computed tomography (CT) from a 48-bed infectious disease unit over a 3-year period were reviewed. Thirty patients were examined on 45 occasions with head and body cases approximately equal in number. Positive diagnoses were made in 38 examinations (84%), although this included 3 incidental findings. The most common indication for CT was exclusion of cerebral abscess presenting as meningitis (11 cases). The most common disease was tuberculosis (12 cases), although a wide spectrum of disease including four noninfective cases was encountered. CT made a direct contribution to the management of patients with meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, septicemia, hepatic abscess, tuberculosis, and lymphoma. Although CT was only utilized in a small proportion of patients admitted to this unit, the technique provided valuable information in the management of a number of problematic cases. PMID- 7318471 TI - Cranial computed tomography in the detection of dural, orbital, and skull involvement in metastatic neuroblastoma. PMID- 7318472 TI - CT-angiographic correlation in Sturge-Weber syndrome. AB - Sturge-Weber syndrome in its classic form can be easily diagnosed by CT. However, in the absence of the typical gyral calcification, the diagnosis can be missed on CT. Identification of the intracranial angiomatosis and the associated thrombosis, and thus the diagnosis, require angiography. Computed tomographic and angiographic findings in a case of Sturge-Weber syndrome with unusual clinical features is described. PMID- 7318470 TI - Computerized tomographic evaluation of early idiopathic midline granuloma. AB - Idiopathic midline granuloma (IMG) is a rare, slowly progressive inflammatory process producing localized destruction of the nasal mucosa, septum, paranasal sinuses, and palate, often associated with erosion through central facial tissue and bone. We review some of the salient features of IMG and present the first reported CT demonstration of this disease. PMID- 7318474 TI - Computed tomography of chondrosarcoma. PMID- 7318473 TI - CT diagnosis of pulmonary hamartomas. PMID- 7318476 TI - Computed tomography demonstration of tumor calcification after chemotherapy in a case of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 7318475 TI - Contribution of CT and ultrasound to the preoperative diagnosis of biliobronchial fistula caused by echinococcosis of the liver. PMID- 7318477 TI - CT detection of coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 7318478 TI - Improved functional recovery of human granulocytes after cryopreservation. PMID- 7318480 TI - Analysis of "solution effects" injury: cooling rate dependence of the functional and morphological sequellae of freezing in rabbit renal cortex protected with dimethyl sulfoxide. PMID- 7318481 TI - Cyclophosphamide pretreatment in tumor cryotherapy: a murine model. PMID- 7318479 TI - Freeze-thaw recovery of AC hemoglobin red cells. PMID- 7318482 TI - The hypothermic hamster brain: its water and electrolyte content and perfusion. PMID- 7318483 TI - Hypometabolic brain peptide from vertebrates capable of torpor. PMID- 7318484 TI - Melatonin induces hypertrophy of brown adipose tissue in Spermophilus tridecemlineatus. PMID- 7318485 TI - A sterile leakproof plastic vial for cell cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen: application to parasitic protozoa. PMID- 7318486 TI - Urban Philippine healers and their contrasting clienteles. AB - This paper is concerned with medical pluralism in a Philippine setting. It reports on results of a study of four indigenous healers and their patients in Cebu City. The city is a modern medical center in the Philippines, with more than 500 practicing physicians. But its indigenous healers also treat numerous patients, and many patients utilize both physicians and healers during the course of an illness. Of the four healers discussed in this paper, two had the largest followings of any healers in the city at the time of the study, the other two had very modest practices. Significant social and medical contrasts between the clienteles of these healers are described in the paper, and the implications of these differences are discussed with respect to decisions people make about their health care in an area with diverse medical resourses. PMID- 7318487 TI - Structure and anti-structure in the culture-bound syndromes: The Malay case. AB - Turner's concepts of structure and anti-structure are applied to the culture bound syndromes to demonstrate that they are dialectical aspects of cultural reality, The Malay cases of amok, latah and possession hysteria are discussed as instances of anti-structural behaviors that dramatize role-reversals and role enhancement. The performers of these behaviors are not subjected to the Malay code of moral conduct. The supernatural ethos in Malay culture plays an important role in shaping tolerance towards them. Although this tolerance has been gradually eroded as a result of the introduction of Western psychiatry, the anti structural status of these syndromes has not faded away but has assumed new meanings in terms of psychopathology. PMID- 7318488 TI - A dissection of intimacy: a study of "bipolar posturing ' in Japanese social interaction- amaeru and amayakasu, indulgence and deference. AB - This paper inquires into a "peculiar' form of Japanese intimacy - one that is manifested in a distinctive pattern of social interaction and which in turn is believed to be a retention of a mode of interaction between parent and child. This pattern is comprised of two complementary postures that prescribe, respectively, an individual to indulge himself in love (amaeru) or to defer in love (amayakasu). By "stepping in and out' of these bipolar postures, the Japanese individual is given the opportunity for self-assertion (the aggressive pole) on the one hand, and of altruistic self-withdrawal (the passive pole) on the other. This pattern of interchangeable posture is subsequently inferred to extend beyond intimacy and into formal interactions via tanomu ("ritualized indulgence') and enryo ("exaggerated deference'). This study concludes with the suggestion that since amae is demonstrated to be an empirical presence influencing Japanese basic social perception and behavior, its bipolar posturing might be employed as a distinctive variable in clarifying some paradoxical aspects of Japanese culture and people. PMID- 7318489 TI - The clinician as ethnographer: a psychoanalytic perspective on the epistemology of fieldwork. AB - Ethnography is process yielding a particular kind of knowledge, From the psychoanalytic perspective this bears on the question: how many individual lives which report their own experience, but cannot directly apprehend the unconscious factors behind that experience, be related to social life which does not report itself but is observed and interpreted by others? The person of the ethnographer and ethnographer-informant relationships are considered in this respect. Clinicians' informants include people to whom they relate in the course of adaptation to the new community; those who are help-seeking (patients) with whom their relationship is both therapeutic and investigative; and clients in health service (e.g., family planning)contexts who may be studied with tests and structured interviews. The clinician's status, role, helping and scientific values are examined as factors determining the nature of knowledge gained under these various circumstances. To the degree that the clinician is an intentional transformer, data emerge as the informant's consciousness changes in the therapeutic or research process. Research or therapy-aimed interventions based on psychoanalytic theory add their own epistemological problems to the process. PMID- 7318490 TI - Analysis of intact rat lens metabolites by P-31 NMR spectroscopy. AB - Using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (P-31 NMR) spectroscopy the rat crystalline lens was evaluated as a potential animal model for the study of lens metabolic processes relevant to the human. The P-31 NMR spectra of intact rat lenses and rat lens PCA extracts provided comparable qualitative and quantitative results concerning the tissue levels of the phosphorus-containing metabolites of intermediate metabolism. The study also establishes the feasibility of examining intact rat lens metabolism by P-31 NMR. Comparisons with reported human and rabbit lens metabolite levels revealed significant differences; consequently, metabolic information derived from rat lens studies should be extrapolated to the human with caution. PMID- 7318491 TI - Distribution of anionic sites on the surface of retinal pigment epithelial and rod photoreceptor cells. AB - The distribution of anionic (negatively charged) groups on the surface of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), rod photoreceptor cells (RP) and discarded rod outer segments (R0S) was studied by labeling these groups with cationic ferritin (CF) at different pH values. In normal neonatal rats, characteristic CF binding patterns were observed on the RPE cell surface at pH values ranging from 1.8-7.2. Similar distributions were seen on the surface of RPE cells from RCS-p+ rats with inherited retinal degeneration. Treatment of RPE cells from normal neonates with several different degradative enzyme preparations prior to CF labeling, did not alter the density or distribution of CF molecules at any of the pH values tested. In normal adult rats, CF binding to RPE cells was essentially similar to that observed in neonates. In RP cells, heavy CF labeling at pH 1.8 was seen on the surface of the inner and outer segments and connecting cilium. CF labeling patterns on discarded R0S undergoing phagocytosis were similar to those on RPE cells at all pH values except pH 5.5. The findings indicate that anionic sites are present on the surface of RPE and RP cells and on discarded R0S undergoing phagocytosis. There is no evidence that such sites are involved in the phagocytic defect characteristic of RCS-p+ rats. Adult-like patterns of anionic sites on RPE cells appear early in postnatal development; their resistance to a wide range of degradative enzymes suggests that the carbohydrates or proteins containing these anionic moieties are organized in a complex fashion in the RPE cell surface. PMID- 7318492 TI - Aqueous humour and plasma cortisol levels in glaucoma and cataract patients. AB - By means of radioimmunoassay, the content of endogenous cortisol in the aqueous humour and plasma of 35 patients suffering from various types of glaucomas and 35 cataract patients was determined, and the ratio of the plasma to the aqueous humour cortisol levels was calculated. The highest cortisol level in both plasma and aqueous humour was found to occur in patients with open-angle glaucoma suffering at the same time from systemic hypertension. The lowest plasma to aqueous humour cortisol ratio was found in patients with secondary glaucoma treated with steroids. In woman suffering from open-angle glaucoma, the rising cortisol level in plasma with age contrasted to the decreasing cortisol level in aqueous humour. The authors suggest that there is an active interference with homeostatic mechanisms responsible for ensuring the stability of the eye inner milieu and a certain protection of the trabecular meshwork of the angle of the anterior eye chamber against noxious effects of the endogenous cortisol. PMID- 7318493 TI - Contact sensitivity in the guinea pig eye. AB - Guinea pigs were sensitized systemically with the contact sensitizer oxazolone and challenged by topical application of the chemical to the eye and the skin. Inflammatory reactions of the conjunctiva, cornea and skin were uniformly elicited, but these were most intense clinically following intradermal sensitization with mycobacterial adjuvants. Mononuclear, neutrophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes infiltrated the ocular tissues and skin 24 hours after challenge. Basophils, which were prominent in the cutaneous reactions, were virtually absent from ocular tissues. PMID- 7318494 TI - Squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity: choice of therapy. PMID- 7318495 TI - Noninvasive assessment of patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction can be strengthened in selected patients by the use of pyrophosphate scanning. Such scans may provide useful information about the relative size of myocardial infarction. Radionuclide angiography and two-dimensional echocardiography are useful for determining the extent of myocardial dysfunction following infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiography is especially suitable for use in the acute care setting and can provide excellent anatomic images to help diagnose the mechanical complications of infarction, such as mural thrombus formation and ventricular septal rupture. Therefore, many investigators believe that two-dimensional echocardiography is indicated for evaluating every myocardial infarction patient. The predischarge assessment of the postinfarction patient is critical for planning a rational rehabilitation program. Uncomplicated patients should have low level treadmill exercise tests to detect unsuspected problems which indicate a poor prognosis, such as angina pectoris. Continuous ambulatory electrocardiograms recordings are useful for excluding prognostically important, but asymptomatic, dysrhythmias. Two-dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide angiography also are helpful for assessing the extent of myocardial dysfunction and defining left ventricular aneurysms and mural thrombi. PMID- 7318496 TI - The child with heart disease: play, recreation, and sports. PMID- 7318497 TI - Allergy diets for infants and children. PMID- 7318498 TI - Childhood injuries: recognition and prevention. PMID- 7318499 TI - Chronic mucocutaneous Candidiasis-endocrinopathies. PMID- 7318500 TI - Wood's light: an incredibly important diagnostic tool. PMID- 7318501 TI - Pseudoainhum associated with plica neuropathica. AB - Pseudoainhum due to mechanical factors is an uncommon occurrence in adults. A patient is described in whom continuous manipulation of the hair resulted in both a constricting band of hair around one finger and the unusual hair formation known as plica neuropathica. The result was near amputation of the finger. PMID- 7318502 TI - Metoprolol and alopecia. AB - Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists are very popular agents in the treatment of hypertension. Reversible alopecia of the telogen effluvium variety has been described with propranolol (inderal). We describe a case of reversible alopecia with metoprolol (Lopressor) which also was associated with a telogen effluvium on scalp biopsy, suggesting a similar mechanism for the alopecia associated with these agents. PMID- 7318503 TI - An unusual case of erythema multiforme. PMID- 7318504 TI - Keratotic papules in chronic renal disease. AB - Three patients with renal disease had hyperkeratotic follicular and parafollicular lesions on the extremities. Since all of these patients had renal disease, we hypothesize that an abnormality in the renal-calcium-vitamin D parathyroid chain allows the pathologic accumulation of keratinous debris that characterizes Kyrle's disease. As with other diseases with abnormal keratin generation, the retinoids, specifically topical tretinoin, ameliorate this condition. Despite controversial reports about poor results with tretinoin therapy, our patients have had good results without recurrences and tolerated tretinoin well. PMID- 7318505 TI - Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the glans penis. PMID- 7318506 TI - Granuloma gluteale infantum. AB - An infant had a persistent ulcerative nodular diaper dermatitis with negative laboratory findings for pathogens. With bland therapy and avoidance of powdering, the lesions cleared. This reaction was considered, without proof, to be granuloma gluteale infantum. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the various types of diaper dermatitis. This reaction may also occur in the incontinent elderly. PMID- 7318507 TI - Semicircular thermocouple needle depth gauge for cryoprocedures. PMID- 7318508 TI - Disposition of the acid-extractable amino acid pool in mammalian cells. AB - Experimental evidence is presented which eliminates the acid-extractable (acid soluble) pool of amino acids within cells from being the source of precursor molecules for protein synthesis. This is equally valid for those amino acids initially showing quasi-exponential incorporation into protein, viz, glycine and proline, contrary to the reports of others (e.g. Robinson, 1977). Reexamination of the design of some of the experiments showing the pool acting as the precursor supply has revealed technical defects which may have been responsible for this erroneous conclusion. The acid-extractable pool can be more clearly understood as the accumulation of complexed amino acids which have passed the selection mechanism of the intracellular cyclical perfusion system (Wheatley and Inglis, 1980), but are no longer directly available for protein synthesis. PMID- 7318509 TI - Effects of hypotonic treatment on human metaphase chromosome length. AB - The effects of hypotonic treatment on the structure and length of chromosomes were studied using cell cultures from human blood and skin. A strong correlation of chromosomal prolongation following treatment with solutions of increasing hypotonicity was demonstrated. This may be a suitable tool to prepare chromosomes for banding technique. PMID- 7318511 TI - An ecological model for assessing psychosocial difficulties in children. PMID- 7318510 TI - A correlation of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites (acetylcholine receptors) and intramembranous particles in denervated skeletal muscle of rat. AB - A quantitative distribution of alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT) binding sites i.e. acetylcholine receptors (AchR) has been investigated and correlated with the distribution of intramembranous particles (approximately 15 nm in diameter) observed on the freeze-fractured face (P-face) of the non-synaptic sarcolemma of denervated muscle. By both light and electron microscopy autoradiography, randomly distributed clusters of alpha-BGT sites are visualized on the plasma membrane of the denervated muscle. Such distributions of the toxin binding sites correspond with that of the 15 nm particles on the P-face of the denervated muscle. Quantitative studies suggest that upon denervation the toxin binding sites increase approximately 60-fold in the non-synaptic sarcolemma. However, the density of these alpha-BGT sites is 4--5 times more than the density of the 15 nm particles. On the basis that there are two alpha-BGT binding sites per AchR molecule, these results suggest that each 15 nm particle is composed of more than one AchR receptor. In addition to the increase in toxin binding sites on the non synaptic sarcolemma, a notable increase in the number of silver grains is observed in the peripheral sarcoplasm and is speculated to be part of the intracellular pool of receptors. PMID- 7318512 TI - Anxiety: a summary of past and present research and theory. PMID- 7318513 TI - Siblings of Oedipus: Brothers and Sisters of Incest Victims. PMID- 7318514 TI - Child Development Centers Program: An effective School-Based Mental health Service. PMID- 7318515 TI - "Fail-safe" foster family care: a mental hospital-child welfare agency program. PMID- 7318516 TI - Discrimination of voice onset time by human infants: new findings and implications for the effects of early experience. AB - Discrimination of voice onset time (VOT) by 6--12-month-old infants was examined in 2 experiments. An operant head-turning technique assessed discrimination along a synthetic VOT continuum ranging from -70 msec to +70 msec. Infants from an English-speaking environment provided reliable within-subject evidence for discrimination of VOT contrasts located at both the plus and minus regions of the VOT continuum. These results provide strong evidence that infants from an English speaking environment are capable of discriminating VOT contrasts that are not phonemic in English. Threshold delta VOT values indicated that the infants were more sensitive to VOT differences in the plus region of the VOT continuum than in the minus region. Threshold delta VOT values from English-speaking adults indicated greater sensitivity at every location along the VOT continuum. In addition, the adults showed heightened sensitivity to VOT differences near the voiced-voiceless boundary in the plus region of the VOT continuum, a finding that was not evident in the infants' data. PMID- 7318517 TI - Infant perception of numerosity. AB - A multiple habituation paradigm was used to determine whether 10--12-month-old infants were able to discriminate between visual arrays which differed only in their numerosity (2 vs. 3, 3, vs. 4, or 4 vs. 5 items). 96 infants were tested in one of two conditions. In the heterogeneous condition, infants were habituated to a series of slides in which only the number of items remained invariant, while the item type (e.g., dogs, houses, etc.), size, and position varied on each slide. In the homogeneous condition, both the item type (chicks) and number remained invariant, while the size and position of the stimuli varied. Infants in both conditions were then tested with slides which contained either N + 1 or N - 1 items. The results demonstrated that, regardless of condition (homogeneous/heterogeneous), infants were able to discriminate between 2 and 3 items and unable to discriminate between 4 and 5 items. For the 3 versus 4 discrimination, a condition x sex interaction indicated that females discriminated between the items in the homogeneous condition while males were able to make the discrimination in the heterogeneous condition. Since the subjects in this study were preverbal infants, the results suggest that early counting skills are preceded by a more perceptual awareness of numerosity. PMID- 7318518 TI - The development of organizational strategies in the storage and retrieval of categorical items in free-recall learning. AB - The present study examined the relative effectiveness of organization strategy use at study versus test in a single-trial, free-recall learning task, 90 subjects from each of 3 grade levels (second vs. sixth vs, college) were presented with 36 pictures selected equally from 6 different taxonomic categories. 3 levels of organizational strategy use were factorially crossed during study and test: Categorical cues were either (a) absent, (b) available, or (c) imposed. Developmental increases in performance were observed for the dependent measures of correct recall, study-trial organization, test-trial organization, frequency of cue use, and self-reported study activities. Generally speaking, imposed organization at study attenuated age differences in correct recall performance and study-trial organization, whereas imposed organization at test served to attenuate age differences in verbal clustering. Performance in the available cue condition at study or test was indistinguishable from performance in the control condition (i.e., cues absent). The results from the present study are generally consistent with previous assessments of organizational effects and provide new evidence concerning their independent and additive functions at study and test in developmental free-recall performance. PMID- 7318519 TI - The cognitive basis of classification in very young children: an analysis of object-ordering trends. AB - 1--3 year-olds' ability to conceptually interrelate objects was studied. 8 children each at 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months were given 7 free classification tasks. Each task contained a scrambled array of 8 objects from 2 classes. Spontaneous manipulations were analyzed to determine (1) whether children sequentially contacted similar objects above chance level and (2) to what extent objects from 2 classes, rather than just 1, were selected. Children at each age sequentially selected similar objects above chance in some tasks. Initially such sequences were accompanied by a tendency to manipulate only 1 class of objects throughout a task, but this single-class bias declined significantly with age. Selection of only 1 class can be accounted for by perceptual salience. Selection by similarity involving 2 classes is less likely explained by salience and more likely explained by a strategy in which individual items are conceptually compared. Classification based on conceptual comparisons of the items being selected may emerge over the second and third years, even though children engage in class-consistent behavior earlier. PMID- 7318520 TI - Serial position effects in young children: temporal or spatial? AB - 3 experiments examined the notion that children's primacy and recency in the probe-type pictorial memory task are related to the spatial distinctiveness of the leftmost and rightmost items presented. The correspondence between spatial location and temporal position of pictorial items was varied systematically in each experiment. 3-year old children were observed in experiment 1; 8-year olds in experiment 2; and 2 age groups (5 years and 8 years) in experiment 3. Taken together, results of the 3 studies indicated strong primacy and recency for all age groups when temporal order was completely confounded with left-to-right spatial arrangement of the items. When spatial and temporal components were separated, so that each could be assessed independently of the other, the data showed: (a) consistent temporal recency, (b) weak or absent temporal primacy in all but 1 experiment (experiment 3), (c) little evidence of primacy and recency related solely to spatial location, and (d) no significant interactions of age with serial position (spatial location or temporal position). These data do not support the inference that spatial distinctiveness or anchoring alone is responsible for children's primacy and recency in the widely used probe-type pictorial memory task. Rather, they suggest that preschoolers and older children alike are able to code temporal order along with the corresponding pictorial and location information in this kind of task. PMID- 7318521 TI - Development of knowledge about communication: children's evaluations of explicitly ambiguous messages. AB - Kindergartners and second graders evaluated the communicative clarity of brief oral instructions under 3 conditions: (1) unambiguous: referentially unambiguous instructions that the subjects saw a puppet listener correctly carry out; (2) no closure: ambiguous instructions that the puppet explicitly identified as ambiguous and refused to try to carry out; (3) closure: equally ambiguous instructions that the puppet also explicitly identified as ambiguous but nonetheless carried out, confidently asserting that he thought the speaker meant a specific 1 of the 2 equally possible referents. The younger, but not the older, subjects were influenced by the listener's behavior as well as by the speaker's: That is, they rated the closure instructions as clearer than the no-closure instructions, although less clear than the unambiguous ones. These results suggest that the growth of children's knowledge about communication includes the developing awareness that, in communication situations like the above, an ambiguous message is intrinsically unclear and remains a poor message regardless of the listener's response to it. PMID- 7318522 TI - Performative bias in children's interpretations of ambiguous referential communications. AB - The hypothesis of this study was that young children respond incorrectly in interpreting ambiguous communications in referential tasks because they respond to the illocutionary performative force rather than the locutionary content of the communications. However, these children can evaluate locutionary adequacy when the performative force is deemphasized. In 2 experiments, young children were induced to discriminate between informative and ambiguous communications according to either the performative or locutionary adequacy of the communications. In experiment 1, kindergarten and second-grade children were asked to assign adequate communications to an informative speaker and ambiguous communications to an ambiguous speaker. In experiment 2, kindergarten children were required to choose an object or signal that an object choice was impossible in response to adequate or inadequate communications uttered by a speaker. The results of both experiments showed that correct responses of the kindergarten children to the ambiguous communications improved when they responded to the locutionary rather than the performative force of the communications. PMID- 7318524 TI - Preferential looking at temporal frequencies by preterm infants. AB - Preferential looking to stimuli varying in temporal frequency was examined in 11 prematurely born infants (X postconceptional age at testing = 37.6 weeks). The relationship between amount of looking and stimulus frequency yielded a significant linear trend, with the fastest frequency used (4 hertz) being most preferred. The results were interpreted as indicating that the mechanisms underlying temporal preferences differ from those underlying spatial preferences. PMID- 7318523 TI - Efforts to excel and the type A behavior pattern in children. AB - The present paper reports 2 experiments which investigate Type A and Type B children's efforts to achieve. The Type A behavior pattern is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease in adulthood and is characterized by extremes of achievement-striving, impatience-aggression, and easily aroused hostility. Experiment 1 required fourth graders to perform a series of simple arithmetic problems with or without an explicit time deadline. Results showed that, in general, Type A's solved more problems than did Type B's during the 5 min of the experiment. This effect was mainly due to Type A's outperforming Type B's in the no-deadline condition. Because the results could have been due to A's simply being more competent in solving arithmetic problems than B's, we conducted a second experiment using a task on which A's and B's were equally capable. In experiment 2, sixth-grade boys were asked to hold a weight for a predetermined length of time. The weight varied according to a premeasure of their maximal hand strength. In fact, they were never told to stop. Results revealed that Type A's held the weight 50% longer than Type B's. They also underreported their subjective fatigue relative to the effort they expended. These findings suggest that Type A children, similar to their adult counterparts, make greater efforts to excel than B's on tasks that have ambiguous performance criteria. The results are discussed in terms of the achievement literature, and the implications of underreporting fatigue for coronary risk are outlined. PMID- 7318525 TI - Effects of the similarity and dissimilarity between familiarization and test objects on recognition memory in infants following unimodal and bimodal familiarization. AB - Recognition memory for the shape of an object following unimodal (visual) and bimodal (visual and haptic) familiarization was investigated in 2 experiments. In both experiments, 6-month-old infants were familiarized either unimodally or bimodally with simple objects. In the first experiment the subjects were tested unimodally after familiarization, and in the second the subjects were tested bimodally. Visual recognition memory was only evident when the conditions of familiarization and testing were identical. 2 possible explanations of the data are presented, and the implications of these for the conclusions generated by previous studies are discussed. PMID- 7318526 TI - Dyadic interaction in a logical reasoning problem requiring inclusion ability. AB - This study involved a test of the hypothesis that dyadic performance is superior to the performance of children working alone because children in dyads are able to cooperatively coordinate their different perspectives. A novel task requiring inclusion reasoning was given to children 4--8 years old working in dyads and working alone. Dyadic performance was not superior and correct dyadic solution was frequently based on the incorrect child's compliance with the correct partner's judgment, a finding that is consistent with results of previous studies. Thus, the hypothesis was not supported because children working together did not do better than children working alone, and correct dyadic solutions were sometimes based on compliance rather than on cooperative coordination of perspectives. PMID- 7318527 TI - The temperamental characteristics of Chinese babies. AB - This paper investigates the usefulness of Carey's Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire in the Chinese culture and uses the questionnaire to assess the temperamental characteristics of Chinese babies. The revised questionnaire was administered to the mothers of 349 4--8-year-old infants in Taipei, Taiwan. The face validity of the questionnaire was supported within the different context: the distribution of scores was normal, and the mothers had no trouble in answering the questions. While the general pattern of results was similar to those found in Carey's American sample, differences were found, which may be interpreted in terms of response biases, racial differences, or a combination of these 2 factors. The data are analyzed for possible effects of sex and socioeconomic status, and these findings are in turn compared to results of American studies. Observational studies are seen as necessary in the future to understand the nature of cultural differences in temperament. Follow-up studies will examine the different ways a given temperamental characteristic may be responded to by different cultural environments. PMID- 7318528 TI - Maternal affectionate behavior and infant-mother attachment patterns. AB - Four categories of affectionate behavior were identified in the 23 mothers of Ainsworth's longitudinal sample whose infants were observed in the strange situation at age 12 months. Mothers of babies classified as showing pattern A (anxiously attached and avoidant) in terms of their strange situation behavior were found to emphasize kissing proportionally more than the other mothers, and hugging/cuddling proportionally less. This is congruent with the previous finding that such mothers are averse to close bodily contact. Since mothers of pattern-A babies had also been found to be more rejecting, the findings suggest that rejection does not necessarily imply an absence of affectionate behavior but a different mode of expression. PMID- 7318529 TI - [Experimental studies on the mechanism of forearm bone shaft fractures]. PMID- 7318530 TI - [Rotation instability of the knee joint]. PMID- 7318531 TI - [Ischemic interfascial syndrome of the leg]. PMID- 7318532 TI - [Healing of laser-induced bone lesions]. PMID- 7318534 TI - [Spinal cord and cauda equina injuries without radiological changes in the spine]. PMID- 7318533 TI - [Treatment of cervical syndromes in spinal osteophytosis by decompression and anterior fusion]. PMID- 7318535 TI - [Iatrogenic spondylolysis]. PMID- 7318536 TI - [Biomechanical processes affecting the development of the proximal part of the femur in children treated surgically for femur head dysplasia and hip dislocation]. PMID- 7318537 TI - [Strength of the abductor and adductor muscles of the thigh after surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation]. PMID- 7318538 TI - [Biomechanics and pathomechanics of the hip joint in the sagittal plane]. PMID- 7318539 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of Perthes' disease]. PMID- 7318540 TI - [Radiological evaluation of the effectiveness of subpopliteal osteotomy in the treatment of gonarthrosis]. PMID- 7318542 TI - [Myoelectric activity of the crural muscles in children with clubfoot during walking]. PMID- 7318541 TI - [Early results of surgical treatment of progressive extension contracture of the knee in children]. PMID- 7318543 TI - [Spikes and splinters as a cause of diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties in leg injuries in children]. PMID- 7318544 TI - [Determination of anteversion and the neck-shaft angle by radiographic monitoring]. PMID- 7318545 TI - [Apparatus for radiography of the foot in the stress position]. PMID- 7318546 TI - [Synoviorthesis and synovectomy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the knee]. PMID- 7318547 TI - [Organo-specific autoimmunological properties of the nucleus pulposus and recurrent lumbar sciatica. Experimental studies]. PMID- 7318548 TI - [Aspecific chronic monoarthritis]. PMID- 7318549 TI - [Treatment of torpid and traumatic fractures in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7318550 TI - [Treatment of angular deformities of the leg by external distraction]. PMID- 7318551 TI - [Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of locomotor apparatus diseases]. PMID- 7318552 TI - [Neurinoma and neurosarcoma of the median nerve at the wrist. Clinical cases]. PMID- 7318553 TI - [Painful shoulder in inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 7318554 TI - [Plesioroentgenotherapy in the treatment of verrucous dysplasia. Notes on a successfully treated case]. PMID- 7318555 TI - [Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with multiple skeletal anomalies. Considerations on a case]. PMID- 7318557 TI - [Fracture of the coronoid apophysis of the ulna. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 7318556 TI - [Angioma of the sheath of the EDC and EPL tendons of the thumb (clinical and diagnostic considerations on a case)]. PMID- 7318558 TI - [Orthopedic criticism]. PMID- 7318560 TI - [Surgical treatment of adults with patellar instability without recurrent dislocations (study of 44 cases)]. PMID- 7318559 TI - [Hypoplasias of the lower extremities: diagnosis, classification and prognosis]. PMID- 7318561 TI - [Neurotomy in spastic paralysis. Long-term follow-up. Re-innervation]. PMID- 7318563 TI - [Behavior of the long supinator muscle in radicular paralysis of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 7318562 TI - [The Seyffarth syndrome (round pronator syndrome). Considerations on 19 cases]. PMID- 7318564 TI - [Focal operation with postero-lateral approach in Pott's disease in adolescents]. PMID- 7318565 TI - [Skeletal lesions caused by gunshot wounds: analysis of the damage as related to to the risk of infection]. PMID- 7318566 TI - [Stenosis of the spinal canal caused by reparative osteogenesis after hemilaminoarthrectomy]. PMID- 7318567 TI - [Compressing Kuntscher nail in femoral fractures]. PMID- 7318568 TI - [So-called obstetrical fractures of the forearm]. PMID- 7318569 TI - [Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis - current status: surgical aspects]. PMID- 7318570 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of gastroduodenal Crohn disease]. AB - The duodenum or the stomach were involved in 20 (11%) of 177 patients with Crohn's disease. Four patients had no symptoms in the upper gastrointestinal tract, in ten patients pains and gastric disorders recurred. Six patients had severe symptoms caused by stenosis of the stomach or duodenum. The endoscopical and histological findings correlated to the severity of the symptoms. Early pathological changes were identified only by gastroscopy. We have little experience of the medical treatment of Crohn's disease of the duodenum or the stomach. A bypass procedure (gastrojejunostomy combined wih proximal-gastric vagotomy (PGV)) is indicated in all cases of severe gastric or duodenal stenosis. PMID- 7318571 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of general radiomanometry in biliary surgery]. AB - The records of 1459 cholecystectomies from 1975 through 1980 were reviewed and the data of the separate one-year periods compared. The use of operative cholangiography rose progressively from 31 to 91% and this change was associated with an increase of common-duct stones and a decrease in number of unnecessary choledochotomies. There was an increasing number of patients undergoing probing of the common duct. Sphincterotomies averaged 10% and there was an average of 3.49% of primary stenosis of the papilla of Vater. Overall mortality was 1.09% for cholecystectomy alone, 3.91% when choledochotomy was done and 4.26% for sphincterotomy. PMID- 7318572 TI - [A special case of familial colonic polyposis]. AB - An unusual case of familial polyposis coli has been reported in which polypoid lesions of the stomach and the ileum were found in association to the adenomatosis coli. The histological examination showed that these lesions were not adenomatous polyps, as supposed by the radiographs, but non-inflammatory cysts located within the intact fundal glands of the stomach, and lymphoid polyps ("lymphcysts") of the ileum. The genetic cause is possibly hamartoma. Both lesions are benign and there is no indication for an operation. The familial adenomatosis coli itself has a well-known special tendency to become malignant. The only way to interrupt the tendency is to remove the colon by colectomy. PMID- 7318573 TI - [Respiratory distress syndrome as a result of spontaneous hemorrhage in a struma]. PMID- 7318575 TI - [Perforated leiomyoma of the large intestine - a rare cause of acute abdomen]. PMID- 7318576 TI - [The positioning of the lower extremity. A new splint regimen]. PMID- 7318577 TI - [Behavior of muscular pH (pHm) in superficial hypothermia and circulatory arrest in adult dogs]. PMID- 7318578 TI - [Modifications of the lymphatic flow of the large intestine after selective blocking: experimental study in the dog]. PMID- 7318574 TI - [Megaduodenum in stenosing duodenal cancer]. PMID- 7318579 TI - [Role of hepatocyte necrosis in changes of the serum amino acid pattern in acute hepatic insufficiency. Experimental study]. PMID- 7318581 TI - [Colonoscopy in inflammatory pathology of the large intestine]. PMID- 7318582 TI - [The current role of laparosplenectomy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 7318580 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of the gastrocnemius and rectus muscles of the femur in chronic arterial insufficiency]. PMID- 7318583 TI - [Treatment of chronic renal failure with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318585 TI - [Echocardiographic manifestation of cardiac lesions in 26 cases of chronic renal failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318584 TI - [Clinical analysis of 6,348 instances of blood dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318586 TI - [Cardiac complications of uremia and report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318587 TI - [A survey of incidences of various urologic diseases in adults of two factories in Guiyang District (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318588 TI - [Multiple endocrine hypofunction and report of 5 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318589 TI - [A study of the ultra-microscopic structure of viral hepatitis---electron microscopic observation of mild hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318590 TI - [Plasma cell leukemia and report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318591 TI - [Acid nonspecific esterase activity in human lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318592 TI - [The effect of nithiocyaminum on cardiovascular system in the treatment of schistosomiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318593 TI - [The problems concerning the prevention and treatment of uremia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318594 TI - [A general review of research work on small airway function in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318595 TI - [The clinical application of the closing volume: III. Air pollution and small airways (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318596 TI - [An outbreak of tuberculosis in a technical school (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318597 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of 17 cases of tuberculosis of the mediastinal lymph nodes (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318598 TI - [Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318599 TI - [Respiratory tract injury caused by ammonia water solution inhalation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318600 TI - [Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the lung: a review of literatures and a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318601 TI - [On concentration of oxygen in inspired gas during oxygen therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318602 TI - [Measurement of peak expiratory flow rate and its clinical application: a simple pulmonary function test (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318603 TI - [The measurement of alveolar/arterial oxygen tension difference and physiological shunt and factors influencing them (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318604 TI - [Closing volume measured by He bolus technique (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318605 TI - [Comparison of measuring closing volume simultaneously by helium and nitrogen method (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318606 TI - [The value of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral thoracic masses (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318607 TI - [A preliminary report on indirect biopsy of peripheral lung lesions by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 32 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318608 TI - [Needle biopsy of the parietal pleura: a clinicopathological analysis of 100 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318609 TI - [Differential diagnosis of abnormal hilar shadows in X-ray films: an analysis of 112 adult cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318610 TI - [Bronchogenic cyst and the causes of its erroneous diagnosis: an analysis of 50 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318611 TI - [Endogenous lipoid pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318612 TI - [The significance of "Saber-sheath" trachea in diagnosis of cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318613 TI - [Relationship between blood gas changes and prognosis in chronic obstructive lung diseases with uncompensated respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318614 TI - [A study of reversibility test in obstruction of airways in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318615 TI - [The physiological dead space: normal values and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318616 TI - [Ventilatory function of 974 miners were determined (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318617 TI - [A report on hematogenous type of pulmonary tuberculosis in 18 elderly patients including autopsy finding on 12 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318618 TI - [Haemorrhagic tuberculous meningitis: a report of 10 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318619 TI - [Aspiration with tracheal catheterization through the nose in treating suffocation in massive pulmonary hemoptysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318621 TI - Comparison of intragastric infusion with conventional mechanical bowel preparation. PMID- 7318620 TI - Postoperative screening of patients with carcinoma of the colon. AB - A prospective evaluation of 149 patients with Dukes' B2 or C colorectal carcinoma, including periodic history, physical examination, chest radiograph, liver function tests, complete blood count, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) radioimmunoassay, barium enema, and endoscopic studies, has been underway since 1976. Thirty-four patients have had recurrence. This study suggests that the history of CEA are the most sensitive noninvasive methods with which to detect recurrent tumors but are unlikely to indicate recurrence at a therapeutically advantageous stage. PMID- 7318622 TI - Whole-gut irrigation versus enema in elective colorectal surgery: a prospective, randomized study. AB - Whole-gut irrigation was compared with conventional mechanical bowel preparation in a prospective, randomized study. All 100 patients had a combination of ampicillin and metronidazole during and after colorectal surgery. Patients' complaints were equally frequent during the two preparations and were severe in 15 per cent. Gastric position of the tube for irrigation resulted in severe complaints in 3 of 26 patients and in the duodenal position, in severe complaints in five of 24. The time for irrigation was shorter than that for conventional preparation. Deep wound infection were equally frequent after irrigation (3/46) and conventional preparation (4/47). Seven patients were excluded, since no bowel resection had been performed. Collapse of the small and large intestine, as evaluated blindly during surgery, was more frequent after irrigation (P less than 0.05). Anastomotic leaks after left side resections were less frequent in patients with collapse of the small (P less than 0.001) and large (P less than 0.05) intestine. Five leakages among 29 patients after conventional preparation in contrast to one among 22 after whole-gut irrigation favor the latter, even if this difference did not reach statistical significance (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), since anastomotic leakage is lethal in a high number of patients. PMID- 7318624 TI - The length of the anal canal. AB - The authors measured the length of the surgical anal canal (anorectal ring to anal verge) in 108 men and 103 women; the age ranged from 18 to 90 years (average 59 years). The average length of the surgical anal canal was 4.2 cm (range 3.0 5.3 cm). In men the average length was 4.4 cm (range 3.2-5.3 cm) compared with the average length of 4.9 cm (range 3.0-5.0 cm) in women (P less than 0.001). The average length of the anatomic anal canal (dentate line to anal verge) was 2.1 cm (range 1.0-3.8 cm). In men, the average length was 2.2 cm (range 1.4-3.8 cm), whereas in women the average length was 2.0 cm (range 1.0-3.2 cm) (P less than .01). The length of the anatomic anal canal has no relationship to the length of the surgical anal canal or vice versa (P less than 0.1). There was no statistically significant difference in the length of the surgical anal canal or the anatomic anal canal in persons below 60 years old versus those above in either sex (P greater than 0.01). PMID- 7318625 TI - Infrared coagulation: a new treatment for hemorrhoids. AB - Many methods, which have effectively reduced the number of patients requiring hospital admission, have been described for the outpatient treatment of hemorrhoids. However, complications have been reported, and the methods are often associated with unpleasant side effects. In 1977 Neiger et al. described a new method that used infrared coagulation, which produced minimal side effects. The authors have conducted a prospective, randomized trial to evaluate infrared coagulation compared with more traditional methods of treatment. The authors' results show that it may be more effective than injection sclerotherapy in treating non-prolapsing hemorrhoids and that it compares favorably with rubber band ligation in most prolapsing hemorrhoids. No complications occurred, and significantly fewer patients experienced pain after infrared coagulation (P = less than 0.001). PMID- 7318626 TI - Cefamandole preparation for colonic surgery. AB - A controlled, prospective, randomized study of 457 patients undergoing colonic surgery was done to compare systemic cefamandole therapy to neomycin-erythromycin in reducing postoperative septic complications. Parenteral cefamandole and cephalothin were given before, during, and after surgery to achieve maximal antimicrobial coverage in the blood, tissues, peritoneum, and urine. Such protection is not obtained with oral antibiotic preparation. Major surgical indications were carcinoma in 216 patients and diverticulitis in 107 patients. More than half the patients had colonic perforations, obstruction, or fistulas. All patients were operated upon by a single surgeon during 1975-1980. Cephalothin (151 patients), combined with neomycin-erythromycin, resulted in an 11.3 per cent rate of postoperative septic complications. Cefamandole treatment in 112 patients resulted in an 8.9 per cent postoperative infection rate compared with 16.3 per cent in 141 matched control patients. PMID- 7318627 TI - One thousand cryohemorrhoidectomies: an overview. AB - One thousand cryohemorrhoidectomies were performed during the past seven years with the result that one-third of our patients were relatively pain-free while two-thirds complained of severe to minimal pain. The recurrence rate was about 11 per cent but the true incidence was 6.3 per cent. Unpleasant anal discharge, occurring in patients with prolapsed hemorrhoids, can be prevented by ligation prior to freezing. Overall, 90 per cent of our patients were satisfied with the procedure while 6.6 per cent underwent repeated surgery. Comparative analyses were made with other studies and it is fair to say that cryosurgery has definite advantages for selected cases of hemorrhoids, but it is not a panacea for all hemorrhoidal disease. PMID- 7318623 TI - Is the rectum usually empty?--A quantitative study in subjects with and without diarrhea. AB - The authors have investigated the frequency with which the rectum contains feces by recording the presence or absence of fecal contamination of the membrane or of discoloration by feces of the contents of dialysis bags placed in the unprepared rectum for one hour. Feces were present in the rectum in 31 per cent of 32 studies in normal control subjects, in 49 per cent of 80 studies in obese subjects (P less than 0.05 from controls), in 36 per cent of 28 studies in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome, and in 31 per cent of 103 studies in patients with ulcerative proctocolitis, whether or not they had diarrhea. Fecal staining of the bag and its contents occurred much more frequently in 27 studies in subjects with various other diarrheal diseases (67 per cent, P less than 0.02 from controls), including eight with steatorrhea (87 per cent, P less than 0.02 from controls). The frequency with which feces were present was unaffected by age, sex, or time of day of the study. These results provide quantitative support for the assertion that in subjects without diarrhea the rectum is usually empty. In patients with diarrhea or steatorrhea and no distal large intestinal inflammation, however, the rectum usually does contain fecal material. PMID- 7318628 TI - A retrospective study of serial CEA determinations in the early detection of recurrent colorectal cancer. AB - In the past five years, routine CEA determinations have been carried out on all patients after curative operation for colorectal carcinoma. These patients also underwent a clinical follow-up examination in the Oncology Outpatient Department. In 86 patients, recurrence of a tumor was confirmed. In 31 cases, a second-look operation was carried out. The CEA determinations were retrospectively analyzed in these patients and correlated with the time the recurrence of the tumor was diagnosed. These results show that of 86 patients only 15 (17.4 per cent) had pathologic CEA values before clinical symptoms of tumor recurrence. In the patient group with local recurrence, only 11 (23.9 per cent) of 46 patients had previously pathologically raised CEA values. Of 31 patients, 15 (48.4 per cent) underwent curative resection after the second-look operation. At this time, 12 patients (38.7 per cnt) still had normal CEA values, whereas only three patients (9.7 per cent) had pathologically raised CEA values. From these results, it was established that early diagnosis of tumor recurrence was very low. Therefore, one should not rely more on postoperative routine CEA determinations in the postoperative monitoring of patients following curative operations for colorectal carcinoma than on regular comprehensive follow-up examinations of these patients. PMID- 7318629 TI - Colonic ulcerations in a patient with short-bowel syndrome. PMID- 7318630 TI - Segmental colonic transit time. AB - Mean segmental transit time of radiopaque markers through the right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid areas of adults and children has been calculated form their distribution on consecutive plain films of the abdomen. Overall mean transit does not differ significantly in the large bowel between adults and children. However, there are regional differences within the colon in relation to age. Mean transit time in the right colon is 13.8 hours in adults and 7.7 in children (p less than 0.01). Corresponding values in the left colon are 14.1 and 8.7 hours (p less than 0.02) and, in the rectum, 11 and 12.4 hours (p = NS). The percentage of the mean total large bowel transit time spent in the right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid area are respectively for adults and children 33 +/- 4 and 28 +/- 3 per cent (p = NS); 39 +/- 4 and 32 +/- 4 per cent (p = NS); and 28 +/- 4 and 41 +/- 4 per cent (p less than 0.05), indicating a relative stagnation in the rectosigmoid area of children. These physiologic differences may have implications in diseased states. PMID- 7318631 TI - Volvulus of the splenic flexure: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - This is the first case report of gangrenous colon from volvulus of the splenic flexure. It is also the first reported treatment of splenic flexure volvulus by exteriorization of the splenic flexure as a loop colostomy. Splenic flexure volvulus has veen a rare cause of mechanical obstruction, producing 1 per cent of colonic volvuluses. Fourteen detailed case reports of splenic flexure volvulus were reviewed. Patients averaged 53.2 years old. Eight of 14 were women. Previous abdominal surgery, anomalies of fixation, and constipation played important roles in the pathogenesis. Diagnosis was made before surgery in two-thirds of the patients. Treatment varied. One patient died without treatment. In two, the volvulus reduced spontaneously. Eleven required emergency surgery. Three underwent operative detorsion, one exteriorization of the splenic flexure as a loop colostomy (the present report), and six partial colectomy. All treated patients survived without recurrence of volvulus. Thus, there was only one death in 14 cases, a seven per cent mortality rate. This low mortality rate was attributed to the rarity of gangrenous colon from splenic flexure volvulus. PMID- 7318632 TI - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the small intestine: first case report of ileocolic fistula and review of the literature. AB - Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the small bowel is a rare entity previously reported as a cause of intestinal obstruction or bleeding. A case report of this disease entity presenting as an ileocolic fistula is reported. EMP is diagnosed by the following criteria: 1) absence of paraproteinemia; 2) absence of Bence Jones proteinuria; 3) normal skeletal survey; and 4) normal bone marrow biopsy specimen. Gastrointestinal plasmacytoma often occurs as a manifestation of multiple myeloma. EMP of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare manifestation of the disease, accounting for 13 per cent of all cases of EMP. It is a slow spreading, radiosensitive tumor with a high tendency toward local recurrence. Surgical excision combined with radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for EMP of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7318633 TI - Adenocarcinoma in perineal fistulas of Crohn's disease. AB - Until recently, Crohn's disease has not been regarded as a premalignant lesion, but the increasing number of patients with Crohn's disease in whom adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract develops strongly suggests that these patients are indeed at a higher risk for carcinoma. These patients are usually young and tend to develop a malignancy in the bypassed ileum or right colon. Patients with such lesions usually have a poor prognosis. Adenocarcinoma arising in perineal fistulas secondary to Crohn's disease has not been reported in English medical literature except for one case published in 1975. In this article, the authors report a second, similar case of Crohn's disease with recurrent perineal fistulas. An infiltrating adenocarcinoma developed in these fistulas, in the anorectal region, and in the left labia. The risk of malignancy should be seriously considered in the management of Crohn's disease, especially in young patients. Because of the risk of adenocarcinoma in these patients, resection rather than bypass is recommended in the surgical management. PMID- 7318634 TI - Metastasis to a Brooke ileostomy--an unusual cause of stomal dysfunction. PMID- 7318636 TI - Transanal insertion of EEA stapler: a helpful "tip". PMID- 7318635 TI - A simplified method of monitoring urine output with bilateral ureteral catheters in place. PMID- 7318637 TI - Basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 7318638 TI - Age-related differences in the protein binding of quinidine. AB - The in vitro serum protein binding of quinidine was determined in 26 pediatric patients. Group I consisted of 6 cord blood samples obtained at the time of delivery, group II of 8 infants aged 8-18 months, and group III of 12 children over the age of 2 years. The percentage of free quinidine in group I was 39.2 +/- 10.8, group II 24.4 +/- 10.6 and group III 16.6 +/- 6.5, demonstrating a larger proportion of unbound quinidine in the newborn group and an increase in protein binding with age (p less than 0.0001). Therefore, the protein binding of quinidine is diminished in the neonate and young infant and may result in enhanced quinidine activity. PMID- 7318639 TI - Theophylline distribution in the premature neonate. AB - Theophylline (T) tissue distribution was studied in 11 premature newborns treated with T for prematurity apnea, who had died from severe pathology. To investigate the pattern of distribution of T, in particular the role of the blood-brain barrier in this period of life, two animal species were employed (rat and guinea pig), differing widely in their postnatal development. T was administered to the animals acutely and chronically and the resulting data were compared to human findings. In human prematures no specific accumulation and a wide variety in tissue concentrations, as in tissue/blood ratios, were observed. In the rat, unlike the guinea pig, brain/blood ratios of T concentration declined as postnatal age rose, suggesting that development of the blood-brain barrier plays a major role. PMID- 7318640 TI - Behavioral and autonomic effects of caffeine in normal boys. AB - Following a 1-week baseline, 19 normal boys (mean age 9.8 +1.8 years) ingested either caffeine (5 mg/kg) or placebo twice a day for a 2-week period per condition in a double-blind crossover study (total study duration of 5 weeks) to study the behavioral, autonomic and side effects of caffeine. Mothers of the whole sample and children who were low caffeine users could distinguish between drug conditions by side effects. Caffeine increased autonomic reactivity of low users only. Behavioral and autonomic results were ambiguous for high users indicating possible caffeine withdrawal symptoms. While 'caffeinism' may occur in children, either self-selection and/or tolerance may prevent its occurrence in naturally selected diets. PMID- 7318642 TI - [Cross-linked polymer complex of hemoglobin that simulates the erythrocyte]. PMID- 7318643 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the digestive-transport function of the human small intestine (characteristics based on carbohydrate loads)]. PMID- 7318641 TI - Transfer of Salbutamol in the human placenta in vitro. AB - The maternal-fetal transfer of Salbutamol was studied in vitro, in dual perfusion of isolated human placental lobules. The fraction of drug transferred to the fetal side was compared to reference substances:((14)C)-antipyrine and ((3H) inulin. Salbutamol transfer (12%) represents about 39% of antipyrine and five times of inulin transfer. Studies with varying Salbutamol concentrations in the maternal arterial perfusate revealed that the drug transfer to the fetal side was effected by a flow-dependent diffusion process. We conclude that the reported effects on the fetus following a maternal drug infusion are mediated by the drug transferred across the placenta. PMID- 7318644 TI - [Capacity for extrapolation in laboratory mice with partial autosomal trisomy]. PMID- 7318645 TI - [Habituation in the neuronally isolated cortex]. PMID- 7318648 TI - [Reactions of the visual cortex neurons to natural objects in waking rats]. PMID- 7318647 TI - [Hemispheric specialization in animals in simultaneous and successive analyses]. PMID- 7318646 TI - [Localization of the genes responsible for the strain differences in neuromuscular excitation thresholds in mice]. PMID- 7318649 TI - [Endogenous stress reaction as a possible mechanism of aging]. PMID- 7318650 TI - [Enkephalin inhibition of the electrical activity of the visual cortex of the left and right hemispheres]. PMID- 7318651 TI - [Longitudinal rigidity of the membrana tectoria as a basic factor providing acuity of the amplitude-frequency characteristics in the cochlea]. PMID- 7318653 TI - [Compensatory microcirculatory changes in the brain in oxygen deficiency]. PMID- 7318652 TI - [Antiestrogens and antiandrogens based on acylhydrazines]. PMID- 7318654 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme spectrum of transplanted rat sensory and sympathetic ganglia]. PMID- 7318655 TI - [Prediction of the degree of exposure of amino acid residues in globular proteins]. PMID- 7318657 TI - [Plasticity of rat conditioned-reflex behavior as dependent on the manner of information presentation]. PMID- 7318656 TI - [Microtubule-associated MAP1 protein: isolation and evidence of its polymerizing activity]. PMID- 7318659 TI - [Roentgenologic differential diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318658 TI - [An investigation of the nature and etiology of the myocardial changes in patients with acute Keshan disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318660 TI - [Conversion of tachyarrhythmias by rapid cardiac pacing (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318661 TI - [Tachycardia accompanying W-P-W pre-excitation syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318662 TI - [An analysis and follow-up study of 229 cardioversions for auricular fibrillation and flutter (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318663 TI - [The change in systolic interval in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction with sodium nitroprusside (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318665 TI - [Preliminary observation of systolic time interval and echocardiography on the grading of ventricular function (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318664 TI - [Magnesium and cardiac dysrrhythmia (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318666 TI - [A study of bulbar conjunctival microcirculation in 63 cases of coronary heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318667 TI - [Experimental study of low-energy intraventricular defibrillation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318668 TI - [A microanatomical study of atrioventricular modal system and its blood supply (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318669 TI - [Scanning electronic microscopic observation on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318670 TI - [Role of catecholamines in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318671 TI - [Mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in Dong Chang Zhi neighborhood of Hong Kou District, Shanghai (1960-1979) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318672 TI - [An analysis of the deaths from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease among the peasant population of a commune in Yunchung County, Fujian (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318673 TI - [The incidence of hypertension among 13,326 school children (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318674 TI - [Survey of blood pressure in 9,672 citizens of La Sa (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318675 TI - [Complete intra-His bundle block (4 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318676 TI - Cognitive impairment and chronic alcohol abuse: a neuropsychological study. AB - Twenty-eight chronic alcoholic subjects were submitted to our Mental Deterioration Battery. The scores obtained by this group, corrected for age and educational level, were compared with those achieved by a control group. Our data do not confirm a selective impairment of the functions related to the right hemisphere; they show a diffuse cerebral damage and suggest, perhaps, a major impairment of the verbal functions subserved by the left hemisphere. Therefore, according to our data the question of selective hemispheric impairment as opposed to more diffuse cerebral damage in chronic alcoholism still remains open. PMID- 7318677 TI - Polysomnographic study of terminal sleep following delirium tremens. AB - Polysomnographic recording was performed during terminal sleep following delirium tremens (DT) in nine chronic alcoholics. After terminal sleep all the alcoholics fully recovered from DT. The duration of terminal sleep and DT differed among patients, but no significant correlation was found between the two. The most prominent feature in teh different stages of terminal sleep was a considerable decrease in slow wave sleep, especially stage 4 sleep. A slight decrease was observed in REM sleep, while stages 1 and 2 increased. A small amount of stages 1 REM and 2-REM was observed and a statistically significant correlation was noted between the appearance of these sleep stages. Intermittent wakefulness occurred in many patients. The disappearance of sleep cycles was observed in some patients. Therefore, terminal sleep following DT probably consists of recovery sleep from sleep deprivation caused by DT and disturbances of consciousness. Sleep cycles regularly occur in the former, but not in the latter. PMID- 7318678 TI - The drug use profile (DUP): an instrument for clinical and research evaluations for drug use patterns. AB - A profile form, similar to that used by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), was developed to portray overall patterns of drug usage. It is based upon data collected from 3984 respondents which were subsequently factor analyzed and transformed into standardized T scores. Once developed, the profile was examined for its ability to evaluate both individual and group drug use patterns. Results suggest that the profile is reliable and provides a quick portrayal of clinically important features of a person's drug practices. Mean drug use data can also be plotted on the same profile for specific subgroups. The profile may be further employed to determine the degree of drug use for a single person or a group of drug users, vis-a-vis the general population. Finally, potential uses for the instrument are discussed. PMID- 7318679 TI - A longitudinal study of health risks associated with alcohol abuse in young navy men. AB - Hospital admission histories were compared for groups of alcohol abusers and controls who entered the Navy in 1970 or 1971 and who reenlisted. The histories extended over a period of 6 to 8 years. The alcohol abuse group had a significantly higher mean number of hospital admissions and days hospitalized for conditions other than alcoholism than did the controls. Differences in frequencies of illnesses between the two groups were apparent during the first year in service and continued throughout the study period. Highest rates of illness in both groups were reported for accidents, poisonings, and violence; diseases of the respiratory system; infective and parasitic diseases, and diseases of the respiratory system; infective and parasitic diseases, and diseases of the digestive system. Mental diseases were a major cause of morbidity in the alcohol abuse group but not in the control group. Differences in illness rates were related to identification as alcohol abusers rather than to differences between abusers and controls in education, aptitude, or age at enlistment. PMID- 7318681 TI - Multiple family therapy and naltrexone in the treatment of opiate dependence. AB - The effect of multiple family therapy on client compliance and retention in a high intervention, naltrexone treatment program was examined retrospectively. The population consisted of 65 opiate-dependent individuals consecutively treated with naltrexone and a standard program of counseling and supportive psychotherapy. Twenty-five of these individuals, in addition, received multiple family therapy. The data presented are suggestive of the efficacy of combining multiple family therapy and high intervention in patients being treated with naltrexone. Analysis of the data demonstrated that the group receiving multiple family therapy had a larger continuous time of naltrexone ingestion and remained in the treatment program longer than clients who did not receive multiple family therapy. These effects were independent of race and employment status. The implication of the results for treatment and avenues for future research are discussed. PMID- 7318680 TI - Male and female differences in severity of problems with alcohol at the workplace. AB - A study was undertaken in order to estimate the frequency of occurrence of alcohol problems among female and male employees in selected large work settings with ongoing occupational alcoholism/employee assistance programs. Randomly selected employees provided information through a survey about their alcohol related behavior as well as demographic and occupational characteristics. Results indicated a range of alcohol problems from 9.2% to 17.5% for females and 20.0% to 29.9% for males. These figures, combined with client monitoring data, indicated that none of the programs was having a significant impact on either males or females. The most striking correlate of problem drinking for both sexes was family drinking problems. PMID- 7318682 TI - Detection and quantitation of phencyclidine in rat parotid saliva and plasma. PMID- 7318684 TI - Dietary aflatoxin and copper acetate effects on various blood parameters in rats. AB - The effects of copper acetate (CuAc) and aflatoxin (AFT) dietary supplements on serum vitamins A and E, albumin, cholesterol, and the formed elements of blood in male rats were investigated. The CuAc and AFT dietary supplements were 0.5% and 7.8 ppm respectively. Vitamins A and E, red blood cell count (RBC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin content (MCHC) and hematocrit (Hct) were not significantly altered by either supplement while albumin and cholesterol was significantly elevated in groups receiving either CuAc or AFT. Serum hemoglobin (HBG) was depressed in animals receiving the AFT + CuAc supplement while the WBC count was depressed in both groups receiving CuAc while AFT had no effect. PMID- 7318683 TI - Differential effect of several inducers on hepatic and mammary benzo(A)pyrene metabolism in rat and hamster. AB - Rat and hamster mammary gland, in comparison with the liver, were examined for their in vitro ability to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and for the effects of pretreatment with various mixed function oxidase inducers on this metabolism. Hamster mammary microsomal benzo(a)pyrene (BP) hydroxylase activity was 4-fold greater than that in the rat, and this activity was induced 3- to 5 fold in the hamster, and 7- to 13-fold in the rat, by pretreatment with 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, beta-naphthoflavone, Aroclor 1254 or 3 methylcholanthrene. Hamster hepatic microsomal BP-hydroxylase activity was 80 fold greater than in the rat. Whereas pretreatment with these enzyme inducers enhanced rat hepatic activity by 20- to 30-fold, little effect of "inducers" was observed on the hamster hepatic enzyme, even when the formation of the various BP metabolites was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7318685 TI - Inhibitors of 7-ethoxyresorufin and 7-ethoxycoumarin de-ethylases in rat small intestinal microsomes and cells. AB - The influence of alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF), rotenone, SKF 525-A, antimycin A and metyrapone on 7-ethoxyresorufin metabolism by rat small intestinal microsomes and epithelial cells was examined. ANF and rotenone were the most potent inhibitors of ethoxyresorufin (ER) deethylase activity in intestinal microsomes from control and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated rats. At a concentration of 0.05 muM, ANF inhibited approximately 85% of ER deethylase activity of intestinal microsomes from control animals and 55% of the activity of microsomes from MC-treated rats. The pH optimum for ER deethylation was 7.6, and the amounts of resorufin formed/mg protein/min for the uninhibited control and MC microsomes were 60 +/- 13 pmol and 1317 +/- 207 pmol, respectively. A 2.25 muM concentration of ANF inhibited approximately 55% of the ER deethylase activity associated with intestinal cells from MC-treated rats. 7-Ethoxycoumarin (EC) deethylase activity in intestinal microsomes had a pH optimum of 7.8, and was inhibited by ANF, rotenone, SKF 525-A and metyrapone in a manner similar to the results observed for ER deethylase. These results, in conjunction with previous investigations, suggest that rotenone and ANF may be most useful in differentiating between various species of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 7318686 TI - Methadone hydrochloride: acute administration, disposition and effects on hepatic function in guinea pigs. AB - d,1-Methadone hydrochloride was administered orally to adult female albino guinea pigs at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight every 12 h for 10 consecutive days. Twelve hours after a dose, subgroups of animals were sacrificed at 2, 5 and 10 days for tissue (blood plasma, brain, liver and kidney) methadone residue analysis and the in vitro measurement of hepatic microsomal p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (OD), aniline hydroxylase (AH) and glucuronosyltransferase (GT) activities. No overt toxicity was observed during treatment other than a decrease in body weight. Withdrawal signs were absent during the 14-day post-treatment regression period. Tissue methadone levels were constant except for a decreased concentration in the liver at 5 and 10 days. No effect on hepatic OD and AH was observed during treatment but a significant decrease in GT activity was measured which returned to normal values 14 days after terminating treatment. PMID- 7318687 TI - Subchronic administration of caffeine and theophylline in drinking water: effects on rat liver RNA polymerase I activity. AB - Administration of caffeine or theophylline, 0.2 mg/ml (an average of 20 mg/kg/d) of drinking water, to male CD rats, 2 months of age, over a 15 week period resulted in the elevation of liver RNA polymerase I activity by 2-3 fold as assayed in isolated nuclei. This increase in activity was already apparent by the fourth week of exposure. The changes in RNA polymerase I activity were accompanied by moderate liver hypertrophy. PMID- 7318688 TI - Lithium nephrotoxicity: is there cause for concern? PMID- 7318689 TI - [Radioisotopic method for measurement of nasal mucocilliary activity]. PMID- 7318690 TI - [Sudden death in a patient with Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 7318691 TI - [Thorotrast and liver cancer]. PMID- 7318693 TI - [Treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 7318692 TI - [Rounded pulmonary atelectasis]. PMID- 7318694 TI - [Pain research]. PMID- 7318696 TI - [Clinical analysis of pain]. PMID- 7318695 TI - [Pain and psyche]. PMID- 7318698 TI - [Mild analgesics in the treatment of pain]. PMID- 7318697 TI - [Pain in childhood]. PMID- 7318699 TI - [Possibilities for physiatric management of pain]. PMID- 7318701 TI - [Nerve and nerve root blockade in the treatment of pain]. PMID- 7318700 TI - [Acupuncture in the treatment of pain]. PMID- 7318702 TI - [Pain and its relief during labor]. PMID- 7318703 TI - [Pain clinics]. PMID- 7318704 TI - Tympanoplasty. PMID- 7318705 TI - Tympanosclerosis. PMID- 7318707 TI - Rehabilitation of the suddenly deafened adult. PMID- 7318706 TI - Management of otosclerotic deafness. PMID- 7318708 TI - Rehabilitation of the hearing impaired. Communication. PMID- 7318709 TI - Sarcoidosis of the ear. PMID- 7318710 TI - Nasolabial cysts: mechanisms of development. PMID- 7318711 TI - Multiple myeloma invading the larynx. PMID- 7318712 TI - Mucormycotic sphenoid sinusitis. PMID- 7318713 TI - Bilateral simultaneous presentation of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. PMID- 7318714 TI - Laryngopathia gravidarum. PMID- 7318715 TI - Microsurgical animal laboratory protocols. PMID- 7318716 TI - ENG quiz. Vestibular neuronitis. PMID- 7318718 TI - A critical analysis of 75 cases of ophthalmoplegias of undetermined aetiology. PMID- 7318719 TI - Non-hypertensive acute renal failure in tropical Africa--a different view. PMID- 7318717 TI - Mercury poisoning as a cause of acrodynia in Kenya children--a preliminary report. PMID- 7318720 TI - Varicose veins in Africans as seen at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. PMID- 7318721 TI - The Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in Nigerian infants (exomphalos, macroglossia and gigantism). PMID- 7318722 TI - A three--year review of human hydatid disease seen at the Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 7318723 TI - Sleeping sickness in Iganga District, Uganda: application of a new diagnostic technique. PMID- 7318724 TI - Pelvic infection caused by Salmonella typhi. Two unusual cases. PMID- 7318726 TI - Normal range and longitudinal blood chemistry and hematology valves in juvenile and adult rheusus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 7318725 TI - Neonatal pyopneumothorax-a rare cause of respiratory distress with an unusual course: case report. PMID- 7318727 TI - Effects of endosulfan on fish carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 7318729 TI - Occurrence and fate of certain triphenylmethane blue dyestuffs in the aquatic environment. PMID- 7318728 TI - Tannic acid-induced biochemical changes in the liver of two teleost fishes, Clarias batrachus and Ophiocephalus punctatus. PMID- 7318730 TI - In vivo damage to DNA: sedimentation studies of giant DNA molecules from somatic tissues. PMID- 7318731 TI - Chronic and multigeneration toxicities of small concentrations of cadmium in the diet of rats. PMID- 7318732 TI - Trace analysis as an aid to risk assessment. PMID- 7318733 TI - Considerations and proposed experimental design for the safety evaluation of biological pesticides in nontarget species. PMID- 7318734 TI - The effects of totigestational exposure to ethchlorvynol on development and behavior. PMID- 7318735 TI - Biochemical and histological characterization of chemical-induced diabetes mellitus in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 7318736 TI - [Practical introduction of the medical student to biomedical research]. AB - This paper reports on a course being given in the Institute of Biological Sciences of the Catholic University of Chile in which third-year medical students are introduced to biomedical research participating in it as assistants. The primary aim of the course is instruction in the scientific method on a tutorial basis. The course is elective; it is directed and coordinated by a professor, and conducted by tutoring professors engaged in research. The student chooses a research project from a list presented by the tutoring professors through the professor in charge. His performance is evaluated on the basis of his participation in the work itself and discussions of it, his presentation to the final session of the course, and his manuscript. In the last ten years, 47 per cent of the third-year medical students have taken and passed this course. Performance has been on the rise as shown by the fact that the results of ten of the research projects conducted in the course have been published in the last six years. A student who wishes to continue in a research project may compete for the position of student assistant offered by the School of Medicine, in which post he is enabled to complete his scientific training and the project he had started in. PMID- 7318737 TI - Approaches to primary health care in the Commonwealth Caribbean. AB - In this article, the authors present a brief review of the health problems of the Commonwealth Caribbean and of the primary care activities being implemented to solve them. Special attention is given to programs which develop new categories of health workers and direct health manpower toward learning a technology appropriate to the conditions in which they work. These programs enable the health worker and allied health personnel to adapt their roles and functions accordingly and thus provide quality health care within limited resources. The main programs are: development of new categories of health workers such as the community health aide and the nurse practitioner; education and training of allied health personnel; the training of primary health care physicians. An account is also given of primary health care in Jamaica and in the smaller territories of the Caribbean. PMID- 7318738 TI - [Physician's role in primary health care]. AB - This article puts forward a series of considerations on primary health care and on how the physician should be trained to perform services for the patient, the family and the community at large in the framework of such care. The author notes that, as a result of the Declaration of Alma-Ata, primary health care imposes new responsibilities on the physician, who is now called upon to provide ongoing, comprehensive services with an approach that sees not only the physical, but also the psychological and social conditions that affect the state of health. In primary care the physician also has to be trained to minister to the individual both in sickness and in health and to inform the community of what it needs to know in the area of health education, in addition to taking his traditional preventive and curative measures. In other words, the physician must wear the hats of the clinician, organizer, supervisor and teacher, and his training must be designed to enable him to acquire the knowledge, abilities and skills that he needs to play all these roles satisfactorily. The writer expresses the hope that health conditions will improve, particularly in the developing countries, if every individual, every community, and every health team, the physician included, accepts the responsibilities that devolve upon each of them in primary health care. PMID- 7318739 TI - [Structure of medical care services]. AB - This paper analyzes in detail the principal patterns of the organization or structure of medical care observed in Latin American countries. It reviews the salient features of their structures and examines the major strategies adopted for reorganizing them to respond to new operating requirements. The authors state the conceptual basis and the components of the structure of medical care services and their nature, and then discuss different organizational models both of health systems as a whole and of operating units within them. The four organizational models considered are public or government service, social security, group medicine, and private medicine. The aspects selected for review in these four models are financing, remunerations, the investment in technology, the local service units, the formal structure of the services, the user's participation, information for decision-making, equity and economic efficiency, and the capacity to deliver benefits. The paper emphasizes throughout the patent need for change at all levels of the structure of the services so as to attain the goals of coverage expansion and health for all by the year 2000. These changes must take account of factors deriving from population growth and the changes in the systems made necessary by the present state of the services. A few considerations are also presented on the principal problems that will confront health services in the process and, lastly, there is emphasis on the importance of health services research to establish the facts in each particular situation, and on the need to redirect the training of the manpower needed to attain the established goals. PMID- 7318740 TI - [Report of the Committee of the Textbook Program of the Pan American Health Organization for Education in Surgery]. PMID- 7318741 TI - [The Pan American Health Organization, the development of human resources and research]. PMID- 7318742 TI - Spreading of potentials along the muscle, investigated by averaging of the summated EMG. PMID- 7318744 TI - Postural effects on the function of the quadriceps femoris muscle under concentric contraction. PMID- 7318743 TI - Electromyographic study of quadriceps femoris in man. PMID- 7318745 TI - Hypertrophic branchial muscles. clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological features in a case. PMID- 7318746 TI - EMG aspects of the facial muscles reinnervation after seventh nerve autogenous grafts. PMID- 7318747 TI - A somatosensory evoked response obtained after stimulation of the contralateral pudendal nerve. A preliminary report. PMID- 7318748 TI - [The present state of the concept of depression (author transl)]. AB - The author discusses the necessity of clarifying the classical dichotomy: endogenous vs. reactive or neurotic depression. The category of neurotic depression seems to be the most controversial. After mentioning the recent study by Klerman and al., he reports the results of an experimental study by Klerman and al., he reports the results of an experimental study conducted with a random sample of 100 French psychiatrists, who were asked to select, in a list of 32 criteria used in France for the diagnosis, those each considered important. A factor analysis of the answers leads to the description of three independent criteria-dimensions, the 100 psychiatrists being randomly distributed in the three dimensional space. The author concludes that each French psychiatrist has its own idiosyncrasic conception of the diagnosis of neurotic depression. PMID- 7318749 TI - [The limits of depressive illness (author's transl)]. AB - There are a number of issues relating to the classification of affective disorders. Although they are closely interconnected, they have been considered in isolation from each other. The main issues that arise in this field are the relationship of bipolar and unipolar disorders, the importance of autonomous and neurotic forms of depression, the boundaries between depressive and anxiety disorders and the relationship of schizoaffective and kindred conditions to affective disorders. When these issues, considered in the past in isolation, are examined together, certain problems of classification of disorders of affect and their treatment are clarified and a number of questions are posed for future enquiry. PMID- 7318750 TI - [Interactions between depression and anxiety (author's transl)]. AB - At present anxiety and depression are being considered as different syndromes. However, the depressive syndromes are associated with a sever or less grave component of anxiety. In this communication distinctions between anxiety and depression as nuclear or accompanying syndrome, respectively, as well as some of their more frequent pathogenetic mechanisms are established. Finally, the most appropriate psychodrugs for each one of the depression-anxiety association forms, depending on their nuclear syndrome, are mentioned. PMID- 7318751 TI - [Aspects of depression (author's transl)]. AB - Ernst underlines the complexities of the various depressive conditions and briefly indicates what may be the development and limits of depression. The text ranges from the monosymptomatic forms (where lack of affect, insomnia or hypochondria are themselves presenting symptoms), to the depression of menopause and depression of retirement which are associated with psychic origins. It is emphasised that although the difference between a depressive state and a neurosis is a relative one, certain signs permit the recognition of the depression. These include: - chronicity; attacks of melancholy in contrast to chronic depression; - bodily perceptions, where the symptomatology of depression is identified directly with an organ or system; - the idea of death which represents the common denominator of these conditions. PMID- 7318752 TI - [Depression and schizophrenia (author's transl)]. AB - Illnesses with both schizophrenic and affective elements represent the most unsatisfactory aspect in the classification of the functional psychoses. It is uncertain whether schizo-affective psychoses are schizophrenias, affective psychoses or if they are distinct from either. Although they probably do not constitute a homogenous grouping, they should be classified separately at present, if only to facilitate further study. PMID- 7318753 TI - [Senescence and melancholia (author's transl)]. AB - This communication is an attempt to define, from a dynamic point of view, the specificity of the connection between depression and senescence. This aspect concerns primarily the subject's relation to his own death, the corporal nature of death being linked in a concurrent and irreducible way, with the unconscious reality of the "immortality phantasm". From a clinical observation, it is possible to show how depressive themes are images of death, in which way melancholia appears as the permanently manifest expression of the constantly deferred mourning. Involution is perceived no longer in terms of deficit but as the moment when death is substituted for the lost object, when the body becomes auto-destructive and reactivates through its betrayal all the previous experiences of mourning and separation. PMID- 7318754 TI - [Phenomenology of depression (author's transl)]. AB - The term "phenomenology" is often misused as a synonym for clinical description. In fact phenomenology has no interest for symptoms but for phenomena. Viewed phenomenologically, depression is not sadness because sadness is a feeling about somebody or something and depression is a mood, i.e. a global mode of being. Sadness, as a feeling, has a temporal course, whereas depression, as long as it is present, seems to have neither beginning nor end, and is helplessness in its core. Most of all, sadness pertains to the psyche: depression as a state of "living body" is bodily as well as psychic and, to put it shortly, "vital depression" is pleonastic. The paper ends by a phenomenological view of classification of depressive states which is rather classification of types of depressivities, i.e. of global modes of being. PMID- 7318755 TI - [Predicted pharmacology of an antidepressant]. AB - Pharmacological tests based on the reversal of effects induced by reserpine or reserpine-like drugs have been used extensively for the identification of potential antidepressants. The classical tests detect some of the antidepressants in addition to traditional tricyclics and monoamine oxydase inhibitors, but fail to identify other clinically effective antidepressants like mianserin and trazodone. New methods have therefore been developed including models based on reversal of various behavioural stereotypes of drug-induced effects. No single model is perfect, because all either detect drugs known not to be antidepressant (false positives) or, which is worse, fail to detect some clinically effective antidepressants (false negatives). The most reliable models involve reversal by antidepressants of the effects of bulbectomy in rats or selective suppression of REM sleep in cats, out neither is suitable for screening purposes. Neurochemical tests and receptor binding, like all tests for antidepressant activity, are fated to detect me-too drugs. Better and more relevant models must await a deeper understanding of the nature of depression. PMID- 7318757 TI - [Value of the binding site for tritiated imipramine in the pharmacology of antidepressants]. PMID- 7318756 TI - [Role of postsynaptic noradrenergic receptors in the mechanism of action of antidepressants]. PMID- 7318759 TI - [Quantitative EEG in depression (author's transl)]. AB - Evaluation of the treatment in clinical psychiatry is mostly based on the rating of mental symptoms prior and after treatment. There is an obvious need to supplement clinical observations by objective measurements. Based on EEG automatic analysis, three methods which appeared to be valuable in investigating patients with affective psychosis, are briefly reviewed. 1) The EEG drug profile, indicating changes of the EEG frequency pattern, which varies proportionally to the psychoactive properties of the drug and its metabolites. 2) The fluctuations of the vigilance level which monitor the sedative/excitatory effect of drugs. 3) The interhemispheral assymetry which is related to the intensity of depression. PMID- 7318758 TI - [Biological perturbations in affective disorders in man]. AB - The biological evidence in affective disorders is perhaps strongest in the genetic field, where twin studies demonstrate very different concordance rates for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, 60-70 and 10-20 per cent, respectively. Physiological disturbances include low saliva production and reduced REM-latency. Biochemical findings have been many, but few have stood the test of time. In a majority of patients one or more amines or amine-metabolites are reduced in cerebrospinal fluid. The hypophyseal-hypothalamic axis is also involved in affective disorders. In depression, steroid levels are high, particularly due to continued high secretion rates at night, indicating a disturbance of diurnal rhythms. Further support for a hypothalamic dysfunction of the adrenal feedback, system comes from the finding of the lack of suppressibility of plasma steroid levels after dexamethasone in depressed patients. The reduction of growth hormone response to hypoglycemia and of thyrotrophin (TSH) response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) lend further support to a more general theory of disturbed feedback mechanisms in affective disorders. The essential, unsolved problem is whether the physiological and biochemical disturbances are causes or consequences of the affective disorders. PMID- 7318760 TI - [An open study of Mianserin (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a synthesis of 277 observations collected in France from open studies of mianserin. The product has shown positive results in 65 per cent of the patients considered, based on the global clinical judgement of the prescriber at the beginning and the end of a 28 days open study. The data from Hamilton's scale for depression and Beck's Inventory, even though concerning a smaller number of patients, seem to provide similar results. The improvement appears from the first week, and seems to concern the overall depressive mood, anxiety, psychomotor inhibition, and sleep. The evaluation of the respective results for each target-symptom is made difficult due to the lack of precise data concerning the associated psychotropic drugs. Tolerance has generally been good; there have only been five drop-outs as a result of unpleasant side effects. PMID- 7318761 TI - [The problem of side-effects: cardiotoxicity (author's transl)]. AB - The cardiotoxicity of tricyclics is wellknown. The interpretations of such a mechanism are many: the tricyclic ring, the dimetilaminic group, the re-uptake NA mechanisms at myocardic level. A study was designed in order to answer the question. Four antidepressant drugs (a true quadricyclic: mianserin; a tricyclic with short later chain: amineptine; two tricyclic antidepressants with long chain: amitriptyline and chlorimipramine) were chosen in the double-blind cross over study design in two different types of depression: anxious and retarded depression. A computerized cycloergometer test was performed at different times, together with ECG and depression evaluation. The patients with retarded depression were treated with amineptine (from 150 mg to 300 mg/day) and after a wash-out periods with chlorimipramine (150 mg/day). The patients with anxious depression were treated with mianserin (30-60 mg/day) for a fortnight and afterwards with amitriptyline (150 mg/day). The evaluation of the ergometric tests carried out at the fixed day have been carried out using the "Minnesota methodology". The results obtained show that the quadricyclic (mianserin) doesn't point out any cardiotoxicity. All tricyclics, especially amitriptyline, show cardiotoxicity signs. PMID- 7318762 TI - [Depressed patients and their treatment. Therapeutic mistakes and toxicity (author's transl)]. AB - Prescribing tricyclic antidepressants presents potential hazards to patients with heart disease, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy and epilepsy for their symptoms may be aggravated. Mianserin, on the other hand, has little effect on the heart and the parasympathetic nervous system and this drug may be used safely in these circumstances. Tricyclic antidepressants and mianserin also differ in their toxicity when taken in overdose. Poisoning with mianserin rarely causes more than drowsiness except when other drugs have been taken. In contrast overdose with tricyclic antidepressants frequently causes epileptic convulsions, arhythmias, hypotension, and anticholinergic signs. Death occurs in 2-3% of overdoses, usually due to cardiovascular collapse, respiratory depression or status epileptic's either alone or in combination. PMID- 7318763 TI - [Therapists and therapeutic choice (author's transl)]. AB - The choice of an antidepressant drug, at the present time of our knowledge, doesn't proceed from any strict appropriateness between the clinical picture and the chemical substance. If we wish a more rational, less empiric use in the field of a pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, one has to face the problem of the subjective dimension is a most interesting study of research so as to get away from the sterile opposition, that is often not subject to a dialectic approach between psychotherapeutists and chemotherapists and thus develop a pragmatic logic in the Art of Prescribing. This explains the tentative approach in the frame work of pluridisciplinary research to find a common language for concepts coming from fields as different as psychoanalysis and neurochemistry. Notions such as transference, whishes, drives (like an biopsychological interface) and an approach in prescribing of manifest meaning in the Freudian sense all could help throw a new light on the subject and permit a better contribution, not only of the therapeutic effects of molecules but also the various psychopharmacological mechanisms of actions. PMID- 7318765 TI - [Depression- epidemiology and priorities for future research (author's transl)]. AB - There are at least 100 million people in the world who suffer from depressive disorders and who could benefit from qualified help. There is also every likelihood that this number will increase because of the higher life expectancy, the increase of depression associated with chronic diseases and over-consumption of medicaments, and other reasons. Epidemiological research has made important contribution to the resolution of the problems that arise in connexion with depressive disorders. New and further intensive investigations are necessary and should lead to the development of instruments for the diagnosis of depressive disorders and to identify the biological and psychosocial factors involved in the aetiology of depression and influencing its course, treatment and outcome. PMID- 7318764 TI - [Prescription of antidepressants (author's transl)]. AB - To give an antidepressant corresponds tro the wish of the prescriber and/or to the wish of the receiver. The prescribing therapeutist will try to modify the depressive situation of the patient with an active substance without side-effects and toxicity. On the contrary, the self-prescriber (narcotics, spirits, medicinal substances) will not take into consideration the notion of risk, either because he is looking for a quasi immediate modification of a dysphoric being or because the background of his wish is a modest extend the Order of Death. The wish of any prescriber has certain limits: - the possible future of the biochemical typology of depression; PMID- 7318766 TI - [Genetic analysis of depressions (author's transl)]. AB - A review of literature leads to the following conclusions: 1) There is a contribution of genetic inheritance to the depressive syndromes observed in affective psychoses. 2) None of the modes of transmission suggested accounts for all cases. 3) The hypothesis of genetic heterogeneity is supported by these facts. PMID- 7318767 TI - [Organic illness and depressions (author's transl)]. AB - There exist between depressions and organic disorders both structural and fortuitous relationships. Psychiatrists must know the former and non psychiatrists must be suspicious of the latter. It is to be noticed that serious and mainly deadly diseases bring about the cure of current depressions and prevent, even in the case of patients showing a predisposition to them, the development of depressions that would still seem to be justified. Non psychiatrists will often adopt, as regards depression, two opposite attitudes whose consequences may be serious: whether they unduly take the psychiatric approach to treat the organic ailments, or whether they ignore or deny the depressive fact and the therapeutic necessities. This communication will indicate precise cases when this double misunderstanding had had, or might have had tragic consequences. PMID- 7318768 TI - [Practitioner facing depression (author's transl)]. AB - The author underlines how important it is not to neglect an organical illness, particularly if the patient is of age since it is easy to diagnosticate a depression. He enumarates the various complementary examinations which, combined to a clinical one would allow to reject an organical cause. PMID- 7318769 TI - [Pleading for a double approach (author's transl)]. AB - The writer criticizes the unifying models such as the classical, nineteenth century Psychiatry which makes of Psychiatry a mere branch of Medicine or Psychosomatic Medicine which imposes a "psychodynamic" pattern for the whole Medicine. He therefore recommends a dual and simultaneous approach destined to decipher two series of different signals and to meet somewhat different situations and decisions. This dual approach supposes a double training; it applies to the patient seen for the first time, but also to the patient in treatment who can either unveil significant symptoms of an underlying somatic disease or become somatically ill, with no relation with his psychiatric symptoms. Finally, a similar attitude of vigilance should be observed as far as supervision of chemotherapy is concerned. PMID- 7318770 TI - Temperature dependent action of estrogen in Singi fish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch). AB - The responsiveness of the non-vitellogenic Singi fish to exogenous estrogen has been studied at different environmental temperatures. Estrogen was found to be effective in fish kept at 25 degree C and 30 degree C, as evidenced from the increase in hepatosomatic index (HSI), plasma protein and liver protein and RNA contents, and a fall in liver glycogen content after injections of estradiol dipropionate (1 microgram/g) for 7 consecutive days. Such estrogen-induced changes were not observed in the fish kept at 15 degree C, indicating the ineffectiveness of this sex steroid at this lower temperature. PMID- 7318771 TI - In vitro influence of some mammalian pituitary and placental hormones on androgen production by the lizard testis. AB - Effect of mammalian pituitary and placental hormones has been studied on in vitro androgen production by the testis of the spiny-tailed lizard, Uromastix hardwicki. Aliquots of pooled testicular tissue from adult lizards were incubated individually with 1 microgram each, of oFSH, oLH, oTSH and 1 IU each of hCG, PMSG, and ACTH. Androgen was measured by testosterone radioimmunoassay in both the tissue and the incubation medium. Severalfold increase in androgen production was observed in the testicular tissue incubated with FSH, LH, TSH nd PMSG. Maximum stimulation was obtained with FSH. hCG also caused a measurable increase in androgen production but was much less potent than PMSG. Incubation of testicular tissue with ACTH did not result in a significant change in androgen production as compared to the controls. The hormonal specificity for steroidogenesis by the lizard testis has been discussed in the light of these results. PMID- 7318772 TI - Dissociation of the 5 alpha-reductase activity from the specific dihydrotestosterone binding activity in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Four fibroblast lines (F1-4) were established from abdominal (F1 and F2) and vulvar (F3 and F4) skin samples obtained from women who underwent delivery. The concentration of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding sites was measured along with the maximum velocity for the formation of DHT from testosterone in fibroblasts from each cell line. The concentration of DHT binding sites (fmoles/mg protein) was 12.8 +/- 1.1 for F1, 12.3 +/- 1.0 for F2, 14.7 +/- 1.3 for F3 and 13.4 +/- 1.1 for F4 (mean +/- S.D. of two determinations). The respective values for the maximum velocity for the formation of DHT from testosterone (pmoles DHT formed/mg protein/h) were 8.40 +/- 0.64, 21.5 +/- 1.69, 11.8 +/- 0.85, and 31.0 +/- 2.26 (mean +/- S.D. of two determinations). These results, which demonstrate a wide diversity among values for the maximum velocity for the formation of DHT from testosterone while values for the concentration of DHT binding sites in these fibroblasts are uniform, suggest a lack of correlation between these two activities of fibroblasts. PMID- 7318773 TI - Influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on thyrotropin and triiodothyronine plasma levels in man. AB - The influence of three-day oral administration of 100 microgram 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC) on thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), calcium and phosphorus plasma levels was investigated along with changes of Qet and Qat intervals on the electrocardiographic tracing. It was found that 25-HCC in an acute trial significantly elevates the TSH level and causes a slight decline of the T3 level. Changes in the calcium and phosphorus levels were not significant. No changes of the electrocardiographic tracing were found. The results suggest that 25-HCC interferes with the process of secretion (or metabolization) of TSH (and perhaps also T3), probably via changes of the calcium ion concentration in cytosol of secretory cells. PMID- 7318774 TI - Estradiol binding in different parts of the rabbit oviduct during egg transport. AB - Binding of estradiol (E2) was determined in the nuclei and cytosols from ampullary (A), ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) and isthmic (I) segments of the rabbit Fallopian tube during the passage of the egg. In the estrus rabbits, low concentration of cytosol and high concentration of nuclear bindings in I was recorded in contrast to that of A. However AIJ had similar levels as that of A. Important alterations were recorded when binding of estradiol was compared at 12, 14, 24, 48, 70 and 144 h post coitum (p.c.). At 12 h the nuclear binding was decreased in all portions of the oviduct, while cytosol binding was increased. When ova are present in the ampulla (14 h p.c.) level of nuclear binding decreased while that of cytosol increased; but both types of bindings increased when eggs are normality in AIJ (24 h p.c.). The level of nuclear binding begins to increase in the isthmus reaching maximum at 48 h and then gradually declines at 70 h. The estradiol binding further declined in A and AIJ, but I showed no significant change at 144 h (the eggs being in uterus). In cytosol maximum binding was obtained at 70 h, thereafter the level in all portions recorded a decrease at 144 h p.c. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that there is some correlation between egg transport and different levels of estradiol binding in tubal segments. Increased influence of estradiol is required for the retention of egg at AIJ and also for the transport through the isthmus. However, a decrease in the level of the hormone would be necessary for the release of tubal lock at AIJ. PMID- 7318775 TI - Effects of sexual maturation on serum lipoproteins. AB - In 503 healthy Dresden children aged 1 to 17 years we evaluated triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations. The mean TG level decreases up to the 7th year of life followed by a slow increase. During adolescence we found a difference with higher TG levels in females than in males. TC concentrations remain constant from the first to the 11th year of life in both boys and girls. In the 12th and 13th year TC sharply decreases in girls followed by a rise one year later. The same phenomenon occurs in males 1-2 years later. In a second study 372 pupils were investigated consisting to two age groups: 250 boys and girls aged 8 years and 167 young men and women aged 17 years. We estimated TG, TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and in quite a number of cases HDL apoproteins, estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T). HDL-C concentrations do not differ between sexes in childhood, whereas they do after puberty. We found reduced HDL-C levels in young men. The apoprotein pattern of HDL in male adolescents differs from those of boys, girls, and young women showing an increased relative amount of apo A II. The comparison of E2 and T levels with HDL C concentrations allows to draw conclusions on the importance of testosterone for the HDL metabolism PMID- 7318776 TI - Studies on the erythropoietic effect of testis of toad at a simulated high altitude (hypoxic exposure). AB - Sham operated control toads (non castrated) have shown increased activity in regard to the hematological parameters in comparison to the castrated toads kept under simulated hypoxic condition. Injection of plasma from sham operated control toads exposed to hypoxic stimulation initiates erythropoiesis in starved toads, whereas plasma from castrated exposed to the same hypoxic stimulation failed to do so. It can be suggested that in toad, testis is the only organ responsible for controlling erythropoiesis by secreting certain substance in the blood, which acts as erythropoietic stimulating factor (ESF), and the production of this factor was found to increase in response to the hypoxic stimulation in order to combat under low atmospheric condition. PMID- 7318777 TI - The effects of Danazol on the female genital tract of the rat. AB - The effects of Danazol on the reproductive organs of female rats have been investigated. Danazol brings about suppression of ovarian weight and distinct follicular atresia indicating antigonadotropic properties. Increase in uterine weight and well defined vaginal keratinization was seen in Danazol treated ovariectomized animals. The results were similar to that of oestradiol dipropionate confirming the oestrogenic activity of Danazol. PMID- 7318778 TI - [T3, T4, TSH and circulating antithyroglobulin antibodies in myasthenia gravis]. AB - Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare neuromuscular disease which is known to be associated with hyperthyroidism at high frequency (3-10%). These investigations, however, are basing on studies of the basal metabolic rate, protein bound iodine (PBI) and the thyroidal radioiodine uptake. In our study (104 MG patients, 104 control subjects) we wanted to evaluate thyroid function on the basis of T3, T4, TBG and TSH radioimmunoassays and in addition we looked for the presence of circulating antithyroglobulin antibodies (Tab) and antimicrosomal antibodies (Mab). The following thyroidal states were disclosed: Thyrotoxicosis (5.8%), hypothyroidism (1.9%), preclinical hypothyroidism (3.8%) and euthyroidism (88.5%). Twenty-eight myasthenic patients were Mab-positive and twelve in addition Tab-positive. Comparing the twenty euthyroid antibody-positive MG patients with euthyroid antibody-negatives no statistically significant differences were found in thyroid function parameters. It is discussed that part of the thyroid antibody-positive patients may have a symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis which is finally resulting in hypothyroidism via a preclinical hypothyroid status. PMID- 7318779 TI - The effect of chronic hypoxia on pulmonary arteries in young rats. AB - The effect of hypoxia on the postnatal development of rat lung from 8 days of life and continuing for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days is described, with particular emphasis on the pulmonary arterial circulation. In hypoxic rats, absolute lung volume and body weight increases more slowly than in age-matched controls but lung volume relative to body weight is greater. After three days hypoxia intra acinar arterial concentration is reduced and medial thickness of small arteries increased but by Day 7, both features return to "normal" values. By Day 14, right ventricular hypertrophy is apparent as is reduction in lumen diameter of preacinar arteries. From Day 21, muscle is seen in smaller and more peripheral arteries than normal: By Day 28 arteries of all sizes show increased medial thickness, and arterial and alveolar concentration is reduced. Compared with adult rats the growing lung seems to be somewhat "protected" in that the hypoxia induced changes occur slowly although ultimately their severity is similar. At the end of the exposure period, however, the young lung is small for age suggesting that the changes are more severe than in the adult. PMID- 7318780 TI - The pulmonary toxicity of an ash sample from the MT. St. Helens Volcano. AB - Volcanic ash was collected from the Moses Lake region of Washington State after the 18 May 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens. The ash was tested in a short-term bioassay system using hamsters exposed by intratracheal instillation. One day after exposure the lungs were lavaged and the fluid collected was characterized using several parameters that represent different manifestations of lung injury: (a) in situ phagocytic ability of pulmonary macrophages; (b) the inflammatory response, as shown by polymorphonuclear neutrophil numbers and albumin levels in lung lavage fluid; and (c) release of cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes into the cell-free supernatant of lung-lavage fluid. The response to volcanic ash was elevated compared to controls, but was similar to the response to Al2O3, a dust considered to be relatively inert. In contrast, the response to alpha-quartz, a highly toxic fibrogenic dust, was significantly greater than the response to either volcanic ash or Al2O3 for most parameters measured. PMID- 7318781 TI - Variation in the baseline sister chromatid exchange frequency in human lymphocytes. AB - The utility of the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay for human population studies is potentially limited by the variability associated with individual baseline SCE Frequencies. This investigation identifies and quantifies the major sources of preparative and biological variation associated with the determination of baseline SCE frequencies in cultured human lymphocytes. Much of the variation in lymphocyte SCE frequencies is attributable to the amount of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) available per lymphocyte; the pooled coefficient of variation (CV) over the dose range of 10 to 160 micrometer is about 18%. Other variations in the baseline frequency result from culture-to-culture and slide-to-slide differences. The pooled coefficient of variation among donors is about 10%. The effect of cell to-cell differences in baseline SCE frequency among donors can be minimized by increasing the number of cells scored per donor. When 20 cells are analyzed per individual the pooled cell-to-cell variation is 9% but when 40 or 80 cells are analyzed it is reduced to 6 and 4% respectively. For a single individual the cell to-cell coefficient of variation at 100 micrometer BrdUrd is 40.8%. Under our experimental conditions, a 30% increase in SCE frequency between two cohort populations can be detected with a 95% probability at a 5% level of significance when 11 individuals per cohort are studied. For a longitudinal or in vitro dose response study of a single individual, a 50% increase in SCE frequency can be detected with a 95% probability at a 5% level of significance when 25 cells per sample are analyzed. These results indicate the feasibility of applying the SCE bioassay to humans as a measure of environmental stress. PMID- 7318783 TI - Sunlight-induced mutagenesis and toxicity in L5178Y mouse cells: determination and comparison with other light sources. AB - Compared to the basis of equal exposure, in joules per square meter (J/m2) the mutagenic and toxic effects in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells of radiation emitted by some fluorescent lamps and a sunlamp are quantitatively similar to solar radiation effects at the earth's surface. When the relative intensities of radiation are taken into account, the artificial light sources range from 8 to 1/222 times as mutagenic and 4.1 to less than 1/99 times as toxic as sunlight. PMID- 7318782 TI - Use of hydroxyurea in the measurement of DNA repair by the BND cellulose method. AB - Hydroxyurea inhibition is a convenient method of suppressing replicative DNA synthesis for DNA excision-repair measurement by the BND cellulose technique. Nonetheless, hydroxyurea can introduce artefacts by direct reaction with repair inducing compounds and by long-term inhibition of the overall repair process. A simple technique of overcoming these problems is described. Cells are reacted with repair-inducing compounds in the absence of hydroxyurea, the cells are washed free of inducer, hydroxyurea is added to 2 mM, and after a short period to establish replication inhibition, 3H dThd is added and repair measured over a one hour incubation period. PMID- 7318784 TI - Toxicological testing of rats subjected to inhalation of diethylhydroxylamine, nitroethane, and diethylamine hydrogen sulfite. PMID- 7318785 TI - Effect of water pollutants and other chemicals upon ribonuclease activity in vitro. PMID- 7318786 TI - Pathological effects of in utero methylmercury exposure on the cerebellum of the golden hamster. 1. Early effects upon the neonatal cerebellar cortex. PMID- 7318787 TI - Pathological effects of in utero methylmercury exposure on the cerebellum of the golden hamster. II. Residual effects on the adult cerebellum. PMID- 7318788 TI - Resistance of protective clothing materials to permeation by solvent "splash"1. PMID- 7318789 TI - Carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels in residents living in industrial and nonindustrial communities. PMID- 7318790 TI - Changes in pulmonary lipid composition of rabbits exposed to nickel dust. PMID- 7318791 TI - Evidence of involvement of aluminum in causation of defective formation of eggshells and of impaired breeding in wild passerine birds. PMID- 7318792 TI - Early lung events following low-dose asbestos exposure. PMID- 7318793 TI - Bioavailability of lead in oysters fed to young Japanese Quail. PMID- 7318794 TI - Effect of NO2 inhalation and vitamin C deficiency on protein and lipid accumulation in the lung. PMID- 7318795 TI - Effects of malathion, diazinon, and parathion on mallard embryo development and cholinesterase activity. PMID- 7318796 TI - Effect of Mount St. Helens ash on the response of rat trachea to smooth muscle agonists. PMID- 7318797 TI - Role of liver lysosomes in uptake and biliary excretion of manganese in mice. PMID- 7318798 TI - A simple microdiffusion method for estimating nitrate (and ammonia) in agricultural and environmental surveys. PMID- 7318799 TI - Magnetic lung measurements of relation to occupational exposure in asbestos miners and millers of Quebec. PMID- 7318800 TI - Studies of an outbreak of Corynebacterium equi pneumonia in foals. AB - Five out of 6 foals between 2 and 4 months old, on a ranch in northern California, developed pneumonia within a 3 week period in June and July 1978. Corynebacterium equi was recovered from each of the 5 foals by transtracheal aspiration. Clinical signs were variable but included increased respiratory rate, fever, cough, nasal discharge, harsh airway sounds over middle sized airways and wheezing over small airways. Cyanosis was present in the most severely affected foal. Radiographic findings included diffusely increased interstitial and peribronchial densities, areas of consolidation and, in 3 cases, dense focal areas indicating abscessation. Foals were treated with several different antimicrobial agents. Most were treated with penicillin and gentamicin. Four of the 5 affected foals recovered within 2 to 3 weeks but the first foal to be affected died 2 days after first receiving veterinary attention. At postmortem examination, pulmonary changes considered typical of C equi pneumonia were found, including wet, heavy dark red lungs which failed to collapse and numerous 1 to 7 cm thin-walled abscesses throughout the parenchyma, containing inspissated exudate. C equi was cultured from the exudate. Samples of soil and dust from 9 of 20 areas inhabited by infected foals yielded C equi of the same serological group as found in the foals. Eight paddocks in which foals had not been kept were negative for C equi. The organism was recovered from cobwebs in the stalls occupied by infected foals. Aerosol infection via dust was considered to be the route of infection. Pharyngeal, vaginal and faecal cultures from the dams of 3 affected foals were negative for C equi. Early diagnosis by transtracheal aspiration and appropriate therapy are considered to be extremely important in the successful treatment of C equi pneumonia. Preventive therapy should include control of environmental dust. PMID- 7318801 TI - Haematological changes during development of acute laminitis hypertension. AB - Experimental carbohydrate overload of 15 horses resulted in consistent haematological changes during development of laminitis hypertension. Significant alterations in packed cell volume, leucocyte differential count, serum glucose levels and protein values occurred before onset of Obel grade 3 lameness and hyperkinetic circulatory state. Blood platelets were significantly decreased 8 h after the onset of severe lameness. Findings in this study were indicative of haemoconcentration due to compartmental fluid shifts and leucocytic stress response consistent with increased circulating adrenoglucocorticoids and/or catecholamines. PMID- 7318802 TI - Radiological estimation of differential growth rates of the long bones of foals. PMID- 7318803 TI - Effects of cytotoxic drugs on cultured equine cells in vitro. PMID- 7318804 TI - Blood volume and rate of growth in Standardbred foals. AB - Blood volume and parameters of body size were studied in 45 Standardbred foals during their first 400 days of life. Bodily dimensions, including body weight (bwt), depth of chest, girth and length (distance from point of shoulder to caudal aspect of croup), increased curvilinearly with age. There was a much faster growth rate noted for the first 100 days of life. Bwt could be predicted from girth and length much more precisely than from age alone. The total blood volume increased proportionately with age and, consequently, the plasma and red cell volumes as functions of bwt were high at birth (mean 93 ml/kg and 59 ml/kg respectively), decreased rapidly during the first few months and became relatively stable at levels of 57 ml/kg and 44 ml/kg from the age of 100 days. It was possible to predict both plasma volume and red cell volume using parameters of body size other than bwt. PMID- 7318806 TI - Atlanto-occipital joint infection associated with guttural pouch mycosis in a horse. PMID- 7318805 TI - Occurrence of glycosuria in horses after strenuous exercise. PMID- 7318807 TI - Tracheobronchial foreign body in a pony. PMID- 7318808 TI - Preliminary trial of synovial fluid transfer for treating joint lameness in Standardbreds. PMID- 7318809 TI - Polyuria and polydypsia in a horse induced by psychogenic salt consumption. PMID- 7318810 TI - Techniques and clinical application of arterial blood pressure measurement in the horse. PMID- 7318811 TI - Mechanical energy output and joint movements in sprint running. PMID- 7318812 TI - Cognitive performance, sleep quality and mood during deep oxyhelium diving. PMID- 7318813 TI - INfluence of an employee fitness programme upon fitness, productivity and absenteeism. PMID- 7318814 TI - The effects of uphill and downhill walking on pelvic oscillations in the transverse plane. PMID- 7318815 TI - Physiological profiles of representative women softball, hockey and netball players. PMID- 7318816 TI - Work and rest on nuclear submarines. PMID- 7318817 TI - Physical strain in the handling of gas cylinders. PMID- 7318818 TI - Dynamic strength test as a predictor for maximal and acceptable lifting. PMID- 7318819 TI - Naturally preferred directions for the exertion of maximal manual forces. PMID- 7318820 TI - Measurement of localized muscle fatigue in building work. PMID- 7318821 TI - Oxygen consumption during outdoor recreational cycling. PMID- 7318822 TI - Job satisfaction, perceived effort and heart rate in light industrial work. PMID- 7318823 TI - Ontogenic development of steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase as a tool for the study of the multiplicity of cytochrome P-450. AB - 1. Activities of progesterone, testosterone, pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase are undetectable in the fetal rat liver. During the neonatal period, the four enzymic activities increase in parallel to the concentration of cytochrome P-450. Until puberty, they develop similarly in male and female rat livers. From the 40th to the 55th day, the four steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities increase rapidly in the male rat liver. The sexual differentiation of the steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylation observed in adult male and female rats takes place around the 55th day. 2. In the adult rat liver, steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase is supported by two forms of cytochrome P-450 (form I and form II), which differ in their relative affinities for the various steroid substrates, and by their relative proportions in male and female rat livers. These two forms of cytochrome P-450 are also present in the young male and female rat livers, but are roughly equal in proportion. The transition from the immature to the adult repartition of the two forms occurs during puberty and is correlated with the sexual differentiation of the steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities. 3. During the critical phases of the rat ontogenic development, the in vitro interactions between benzo[a]pyrene and steroids were compared at the level of two rat liver monooxygenases: steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. (a) In the immature male and female rat livers, progesterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase, and to a lesser extent, pregnenolone 16 alpha hydroxylase are inhibited by benzo[a]pyrene. Progesterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase is also inhibited by metyrapone. (b) In the young rat, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase cannot be inhibited by steroids and appears to be supported by a single form of cytochrome P-450. The transition from the immature to the adult situation occurs around the 40th day. PMID- 7318825 TI - Membrane proteins: the amino acid composition of membrane-penetrating segments. PMID- 7318827 TI - 13C NMR study of conformation and mobility of 145-base-pair poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA dT) in solution. PMID- 7318824 TI - Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins in developing liver and in hepatomas: relation of conjugate subfractions to metabolic competence and proliferation rates. AB - Endogenous levels of mono(ADP-ribose)-protein conjugates are low in fetal liver. They increase during development reaching 30-times higher levels in the adult stage. Undifferentiated hepatomas also exhibit low degrees of mono(ADP ribosyl)ation compared with differentiated tumors. The observed changes cannot be explained by depolymerisation of pre-existing protein-bound poly(ADP-ribose) groups or elongation of monomeric ADP-ribose residues since the monomeric and polymeric residues change independently, the absolute levels of residues present in the form of polymers being 20--350-times lower than monomeric ADP-ribose residues. Subfractionation of the mono(ADP-ribose)-protein conjugates on the basis of their NH2OH sensitivity also showed independent changes during liver development. The level of the NH2OH-sensitive conjugates exhibit an inverse relationship to cell proliferation rates in normal and malignant hepatic tissues, while the NH2OH-resistant subfraction, which was hardly detectable in fetal liver, could be related to the degree of terminal differentiation (relative to adult liver). The ratio of NH2OH-resistant to NH2OH-sensitive mono(ADP-ribose) protein conjugates being near unity in adult liver, fell to extremely low values in fetal and neonatal liver. In undifferentiated hepatomas (proliferating or stationary), however, the ratio was higher than in the adult normal tissue. This parameter, then, allows one to discriminate between malignant and normal hepatic tissues with similar proliferative capacity and similar metabolic competence. On the basis of the findings presented it is suggested that covalent modification of proteins by mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation serve multiple and independent functions. PMID- 7318826 TI - Changes in cytoplasmic pH and in membrane potential in thrombin-stimulated human platelets. AB - The response of human platelets to stimulation by a specific aggregant such as thrombin has been postulated to proceed sequentially via induction of response at the membrane, followed by execution of shape change, secretion, and aggregation of the platelets. We have shown earlier that the platelet response includes a depolarization of the membrane which starts within less than 5 s and is thrombin dose-dependent up to 4.5 nM alpha-thrombin. This depolarization may be measured by the distribution of either a fluorescent or a tritium-labeled lipophilic cation. We present here an adaptation of techniques for intracellular pH measurements to the human platelet. These show that stimulation with thrombin also induces a rapid change in the platelet transmembrane pH gradient as measured using either a weak base or a fluorescein derivative as a probe. The pH gradient undergoes a time-dependent and thrombin-dose-dependent change which parallels that exhibited by the membrane potential and by serotonin secretion. PMID- 7318828 TI - A proton-magnetic-resonance study on the molecular conformation and structure function relationship of a long neurotoxin, laticauda semifasciata III from Laticauda semifasciata. AB - The 300-MHz and 500-MHz NMR spectra of a long neurotoxin laticauda semifasciata III (LS III) from Laticauda semifasciata have ben analysed. Comparison with the NMR spectra of alpha-cobratoxin from Naja naja siamensis, a homologous long neurotoxin to laticauda semifasciata III, allowed the assignment of all the aromatic protein resonances to specific amino acid residues. All the methyl proton resonances have been assigned to specific types of amino acid residues. The pH dependences of the aromatic and methyl proton chemical shifts were analyzed by the non-linear least-square method to give the pKa values and protonation shifts. The interproton nuclear Overhauser effect enhancements were measured in order to elucidate the spatial proximity of the methyl-bearing residues and aromatic residues. On the basis of these NMR data and using the crystal structure of alpha-cobratoxin by Walkinshaw et al., more than half of the methyl proton resonances have been assigned to specific amino acid residues. A hydrophobic core comprising the first loop, the central loop and the tail part of the molecule has been defined. This hydrophobic core may be common to all long neurotoxins and may protect the three-stranded antiparallel pleated beta-sheet structure, thus making the backbone structure of long neurotoxins more rigid than that of short neurotoxins. The positively charged surface of laticauda semifasciata III, which is responsible for binding to the acetylcholine receptor protein, is confirmed as the concave surface formed by the central and the third loop. The arrangement of the amino acid residues on this surface is similar to that of all other neurotoxins. Accordingly, the slow on-off rates of association of long neurotoxins with receptor is considered to arise from the rigid backbone structure. A small conformation change is thought to be associated with binding to the receptor protein. PMID- 7318829 TI - Functional properties of hemoglobins from Triturus cristatus. AB - The functional properties of hemoglobins from Triturus cristatus carnifex have been characterized both from an equilibrium and a kinetic point of view. A special attention has been given to the effect of organic phosphates in view of their role in the modulation of the hemoglobin function. Under stripped conditions newt hemoglobins display a negative Bohr effect which becomes much less pronounced in the presence of 0.2 M inorganic phosphates. The effect of organic phosphates involves not only a drop in the O2 affinity but also a large change in the shape of the O2 Bohr effect which becomes markedly positive in the presence of myo-inositol hexakis(phosphate). The experimental data reported make it possible to give a complete picture of the functional behaviour of newt hemoglobins, making a contribution to clarifying the dependence of the sign of the Bohr effect on the acclimatization temperature of the animals that has been previously reported [Morpurgo, G., Battaglia, P. A. and Leggio, T. (1970) Nature (Lond.) 225, 76--77]. PMID- 7318830 TI - Purification and characterization of NADH oxidase from membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii, a copper-containing iron-sulfur flavoprotein. AB - 1. NADH oxidase was extracted from the membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii with buffer containing 3% Triton X-100 and subsequently purified by several chromatographic steps. The final preparation was essentially homogeneous as judged by gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. 2. The enzyme appears to be a copper-containing iron-sulfur flavoprotein (FMN:CU:Fe:labile S = 1:1:6:6). The enzyme, containing a high fraction of hydrophobic amino acids, is composed of three subunits of molecular weight 65 000, 40 000 and 19 000. 3. When oxygen is used as electron acceptor the purified enzyme demonstrates a specific activity of 58.0 IU/mg of protein and catalyzes the formation of H2O2 in nearly stoichiometric amount. The apparent Km value for NADH is estimated to be 0.4 mM (pH 7.4). NADPH cannot serve as a substrate for the enzyme. In addition to the NADH oxidase activity, the enzyme is able to catalyze electron transfer from NADH to various other electron acceptors (ferricyanide, dichloroindophenol, cytochrome c). Metal-chelating agents and mercurials are shown to inhibit the activity of the enzyme. 4. From electron paramagnetic resonance and optical absorption measurements evidence was obtained that the flavin semiquinone radical in the NADH oxidase has a high air-stability, and that the flavin shuttles between the fully reduced and the semiquinone state upon electron transport from NADH to the electron acceptors. Inhibition of the NADH oxidoreductase activities by superoxide dismutase indicates that O-2 serves as an intermediate in the electron transfer from NADH to all electron acceptors used in this work. In addition to electron transfer via the superoxide radical O-2, an alternative pathway probably involving Fe-S centers is operative. From these results and literature data we present a reaction scheme for electron transport from NADH to the various electron acceptors. PMID- 7318831 TI - Respiratory and enzymatic properties of squid heart mitochondria. AB - Mitochondria isolated from systemic hearts of the squid Illex illecebrosus showed high respiratory control ratios, and, with appropriate substrates, the expected ADP/O ratios. Of amino acids tested, proline and ornithine were oxidized at highest rates; of carboxylates, malate, succinate and pyruvate gave the highest state-3 respiration rates. Pyruvate oxidation is enhanced with proline, ornithine, and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (pyrroline carboxylate) all of which can serve to augment the Krebs cycle. However, proline, ornithine and pyrroline carboxylate oxidation is not similarly dependent upon pyruvate. Rotenone inhibited state-3 respiration of malate, proline, ornithine and pyrroline carboxylate. Neither intermediates of fatty acid oxidation nor glycerol 3 phosphate were utilized at significant rates. Key enzymes in proline and ornithine oxidation, i.e. proline dehydrogenase, pyrroline-carboxylate dehydrogenase, ornithine aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were located in the mitochondria. The synthesis of proline is catalyzed by pyrroline carboxylate reductase, which was found exclusively in the cytosol. The respiration, phosphorylation and enzyme data taken together suggest that the main carbon sources for heart mitochondria of Illex are pyruvate plus the proline and ornithine pool. PMID- 7318832 TI - Phosphorylation of ribosomal proteins during maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. PMID- 7318833 TI - Conformation studies of histone H1(0) in comparison with histones H1 and H5. AB - The class of lysine-rich histones, H1, found in most eukaryotic cells is largely replaced by another class of lysine-rich histones, H5, in avian and other erythrocytes. Erythrocytes are transcriptionally inert and this state has been attributed to the presence of H5. Although there are many sequence differences between H1 and H5 both molecules have very similar structures with three well defined domains: a flexible basic N-terminal region, an apolar globular central region and a flexible basic C-terminal region. The lengths of the N-terminal regions are different for H1 and H5 whereas the lengths of the central and C terminal regions are very similar. Considerable interest attaches to the findings that another type of mammalian lysine-rich histone H1(0) has an apolar region exhibiting considerable sequence homology (70%) with the central globular region of H5. The abundance of H1 in cells has been found to correlate inversely with their mitotic activities. Conformational studies using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy have been made of H1 and its conformational behaviour has been compared with those of H1 and H5. H1 has been found to contain a central globular region of similar size to those found in H1 and H5. However, the conformation and stability of the globular domain of H1 are very similar to the globular region of H5 rather than H1. H1 appears to be a hybrid containing a major feature of the H5 histone. The globular regions of H1 and H5 are known to bind to a specific site on the nucleosome sealing off two turns of DNA. It is proposed that H1 binds to the same site. PMID- 7318834 TI - Partial purification of nuclear androgen receptor by micrococcal nuclease digestion of chromatin and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. AB - Extensive (20%) digestion of linker DNA of prostatic chromatin with micrococcal nuclease resulted in the precipitation of 95% of the nuclear androgen receptors. The receptor-enriched precipitate was dissolved in Tes buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.6--1.2 M NaCl and analysed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The adsorption of receptor to omega-amino-alkyl derivatives of agarose increased with the length of the alkyl substituent indicating the presence of hydrophobic regions on the surface of the receptor molecule. Digestion of linker DNA followed by chromatography of precipitated chromatin proteins using 5-aminohexyl-agarose gave rise to a mean 93-fold purificaton of receptor with a recovery of 45%. This approach to the partial separation of nuclear androgen receptor may prove useful in conjunction with more selective purification techniques such as affinity chromatography. PMID- 7318835 TI - Pulmonary excretion of carbon monoxide in the human infant as an index of bilirubin production. IIb. Evidence for the possible effect of maternal prenatal glucose metabolism on postnatal bilirubin production in a mixed population of infants. PMID- 7318836 TI - Improved prenatal diagnosis of methylmalonic acidemia: mass fragmentography of methylmalonic acid in amniotic fluid and maternal urine. PMID- 7318837 TI - Iron overload and desferrioxamine chelation therapy in beta-thalassemia intermedia. AB - This study on serum ferritin levels in urinary iron excretion after 12h subcutaneous infusion of desferrioxamine in 10 thalassemia intermedia patients shows that even nontransfusion-dependent patients may have positive iron balance resulting in iron overload from 5 years of age. However, the iron overload found in these patients appears to be much lower than in age matched patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia major. Iron overload increases with advancing age, as shown by increasing serum ferritin levels and desferrioxamine-induced urinary iron elimination. After a six month trial of 12h continuous subcutaneous desferrioxamine administration there was a significant decline in serum ferritin levels. From this study it seems that iron chelation is indicated in thalassemia intermedia patients over 5 years of age in order to prevent iron accumulation. However, the appropriate treatment schedule should be tailored to the individual needs of each patients, established by close monitoring of serum ferritin levels and desferrioxamine-induced urinary iron elimination. PMID- 7318840 TI - Exchange transfusion in newborns via a peripheral artery and vein. AB - Exchange transfusion using a peripheral artery and vein was carried out 18 times in 17 newborn infants. The arteries use to withdraw blood were the radial [13], the ulnar [3] an the posterior tibial [2]. Infusion of blood was carried out simultaneously through a peripheral vein. There was no mortality or morbidity directly associated with the procedure. We recommend this technique for exchange transfusion in general, and especially in the very ill newborn. PMID- 7318839 TI - The Weaver syndrome: a rare type of primordial overgrowth. AB - A boy with primordial overgrowth, macrocephaly, and anomalies of the face, nails, feet and skeleton is reported. Two cases in the literature- referred to as Weaver syndrome- exhibited nearly identical anomalies. All three cases were sporadic. Main symptoms of the Weaver syndrome are increased birth weight, early overgrowth, macrocephaly, accelerated osseous maturation, typical facies, hoarse, low pitched voice, hypertonia of muscles and mild developmental delay. Further symptoms are thin, deep-set nails, talipes equinovarus, widened distal femora, and some minor abnormalities. A second boy with primordial overgrowth and macrocephaly demonstrated some, but not all, the symptoms of this syndrome. Whether this boy showed a milder expression of the Weaver syndrome or benign familial macrocephaly is discussed. PMID- 7318838 TI - Interval breath hydrogen test in glucose-galactose malabsorption. AB - A simple test is described for the diagnosis of monosaccharide malabsorption in infancy caused by a congenital defect of glucose and galactose transport. Increased hydrogen (H2) excretion in expired air after ingestion of sugar was used to diagnose this condition in an infant with severe diarrhoea after breast feeding. Abnormal amounts of H2 were excreted after oral administration of glucose and galactose, but not after fructose. A carbohydrate free diet supplemented with fructose resulted in rapid weight gain and disappearance of diarrhoea. The diagnosis of glucose-galactose malabsorption was confirmed by 14C glucose transport studies on a jejunal mucosal biopsy specimen. These findings indicate that interval breath H2 estimation in mixed expired air is a non invasive, reliable procedure for detection of monosaccharide malabsorption in infancy. PMID- 7318841 TI - Intravenous and subcutaneous desferrioxamine therapy in children with severe iron overload. AB - Ten children with transfusion dependent anemias (thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, congenital pure red cell aplasia) received either intravenous desferrioxamine (DF) in increasing doses up to 450 mg/kg at the time of transfusion or daily subcutaneous DF up to 110 mg/kg on an outpatient basis. No patient on intravenous DF reached a negative iron balance. All children with a subcutaneous DF dose of more than 60 mg/kg obtained a negative iron balance with a net iron excretion (transfusion iron already substracted) between 206 to 810 mg (mean 496 mg) monthly. The effectiveness of regular subcutaneous DF on liver storage iron could be confirmed in 4 patients by liver biopsy, showing a decrease between 40-60% iron after 12-14 months of chelation therapy. So far the daily iron excretion has remained constant with a given dose of DF over a period up to 15 months. Even if poor compliance in some patients is taken into account, it is possible with this method of treatment to prevent further accumulation of iron in chronically transfused children. PMID- 7318842 TI - Urinary excretion of immunoreactive vasopressin in prepubertal children. Lack of correlation with urinary excretion of immunoreactive neurophysins. AB - The excretion of immunoreactive vasopressin (AVP) and neurophysins was determined in 24 h urine samples from 62 normal healthy children of various ages. Five groups of children were selected: group I (n = 7, aged 2 to 3 years), group II (n = 13, aged 3 to 5 years), group III (n = 16, aged 5 to 7 years), group IV (n = 16, aged 7 to 9 years), group V (n = 10, aged 9 to 11 years). The method used for urine AVP determination consisted of an extraction using a procedure slightly modified from that of Miller and Moses [14], coupled to a radioimmunoassay. The following urinary AVP excretions were obtained: group I mean: 70.8 ng/m2/24 h range: 51-150 ng, group II mean: 54.1 ng/m2/24 h range: 17-113.6 ng, group III mean: 55.2 ng/m2/24 h range: 18-106 ng, group IV mean: 39.9 ng/m2/24 h range: 11.7-77.9 ng, group V mean: 39.4 ng/m2/24 h range: 25.8-64 ng. The excretion of AVP was significantly correlated to the daily urinary osmolality (P less than 0.001) whether expressed in ng/24 h (r = 0.41) o rin ng/m2/24 h (r = 0.4.7). Neurophysins excretion ranging between 7 and 1,278 ng/24H is too variable to allow interpretation. PMID- 7318843 TI - Echocardiographic changes of cardiac structures and LV function in newborns. A comparative study between normally delivered babies and babies born by caesarian section with regional anaesthesia. AB - Cardiac chamber size and function indices were studied repeatedly over the first months of life in two groups of babies, born either spontaneously or by caesarian section under peridural anaesthesia. For cardiac chamber size, no significant differences were found between the two groups: cardiac structures increased in size as a linear function of age and weight in all babies. Right ventricular systolic time interval ratios, however, were higher at birth in babies born by caesarian section, and dropped more rapidly during the first 24h. The decrease of RV systolic time interval ratios followed a parabolic function for both groups, thus reflecting the physiological decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance after birth. The possible causes of more rapid decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance in babies born by caesarian section is discussed. PMID- 7318844 TI - The effects of shielding the hepatic area on the clinical response to phototherapy. AB - The changes in serum bilirubin concentration in response to phototherapy were studied in 26 infants with and without an opaque patch on the liver area. Fifteen infants in the patched group were treated at a mean age of 50.7 h, and 11 control infants at 49.1 h. No significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups in duration of phototherapy, peak bilirubin concentration and rates of bilirubin decrement. Shielding the hepatic area during illumination does not alter the clinical response to phototherapy which suggests that the main site of action of phototherapy is in the skin. PMID- 7318845 TI - Vitamin D dependent rickets: decreased sensitivity to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. AB - A patient with vitamin D dependent rickets with decreased sensitivity to 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D was observed. She suffered from bone pain of two years duration beginning at 12 years of age and was found to be suffering from hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia. Laboratory findings revealed normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (27 ng/ml) and markedly elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (131.9 pg/ml). The hypocalcemia was refractory in spite of administration of 25,000 units of vitamin D2, but therapy with high doses of oral la-hydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in significant elevation of the serum calcium level. The clinical findings and course of the patient's disease were quite different from those of other patients with vitamin D dependent rickets reported by other authors. PMID- 7318847 TI - Accelerated bone maturation syndrome of the Weaver type. PMID- 7318846 TI - Mesomelic dysplasia--associated with other abnormalities. PMID- 7318848 TI - Collagen synthesis by fibroblasts in a patient with the Cockayne syndrome. PMID- 7318849 TI - Severe lithium intoxication in a child. AB - A mentally retarded six-year-old child became severely intoxicated with lithium carbonate whilst on maintenance lithio-therapy for control of aggressive behaviour in an institutional setting. His lithium level of 5.15 mmol/l returned to normal after two weeks. Treatment consisted of an initial saline infusion but was otherwise supportive. Although lithium toxicity is rare in children this may be because it had been used infrequently and cautiously. We feel his young age and situation accounted for some of the severity of his intoxication, and wish to stress the potential toxicity of lithium when used under these circumstances. PMID- 7318850 TI - Aging effect on the noradrenaline content of rat brain microvessels. AB - Microvessels were isolated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and molecular seiving from forebrains of aged and young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Determination of noradrenaline levels in preparations obtained from both groups of animals indicated that the level of NA in cerebral microvessels isolated from aged animals (120 /+- 28 pg NA/mg protein) was significantly reduced when compared with the corresponding value from control (young adult) animals (226 /+- 35 pg NA/mg protein). This decrease in NA may indicate a deficiency in the neural control of the microcirculation and predispose to metabolic and functional disturbances of brain tissue. PMID- 7318851 TI - Age-related decline in brain stimulation reward: rejuvenation by amphetamine. AB - A decline in a brain stimulation reward responding occurred in rats 15-20 months of age. These animals had platinum bipolar electrodes implanted in the lateral hypothalamus-medial forebrain bundle area of the brain at 6 months and were vigorous and reliable responders after implantation. The decline in behavior was demonstrated by a decrease in rate of lever-presses, increase in impedance to the stimulating current and failure to complete reward threshold determination procedures. Priming, increased current, food deprivation, and reshaping were generally ineffective individually or in combination. A single low dose (0.25 0.30 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine 5 to 30 minutes prior to session reinstated BSR behavior in the aged rats; although threshold and impedance were higher than 6-8 month values and priming and reshaping were required in some cases. Rate of response was unchanged. Unexpectedly, all rats showed improved performances in at least two subsequent sessions without further amphetamine. These data are discussed from the perspective of brain neurochemistry and possibility that such manipulation had a rejuvenating effect on declining neurotransmitter systems, particularly dopamine. PMID- 7318852 TI - Modality memory and frequency of occurrence memory for young and middle-aged adults. AB - Young and middle-aged subjects, matched for scores on a figural relations test, did not differ in memory for either word content or the case format in which study list words had been presented, suggesting that age deficits for modality memory are restricted to late adulthood. Scores on the figural relations test, as a measure of fluid intelligence, correlated positively with case recognition scores, but significantly so only for the young subjects. In addition case recognition memory was more proficient under intentional conditions than under incidental conditions for both age groups, implying that case encoding is a cognitively effortful activity. In agreement with this position, case recognition scores showed an absence of correlation with scores on a frequency judgment task, a task commonly assumed to involve an automatic encoding process. PMID- 7318853 TI - The relationship between problem solving and activity level in the elderly. AB - Research stemming from disengagement and activity theory has recently focused on individual differences in establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships. A specific intervening variable which has been hypothesized to be related to social activity level is interpersonal cognitive problem solving skills (ICPS). The present study identified two groups of elderly veterans on the basis of their ICPS skills. Those who generated a high number of solutions to interpersonal problems reported significantly more time spent in social and isolated goal-directed tasks than the group generating fewer solutions when age, educational level, and length of institutionalization had been covaried. The results suggest the potential usefulness of the ICPS approach as a means of identifying socially active individuals and as an intervention or training technique for less able institutionalized residents. PMID- 7318855 TI - Adult age trends in athletic performances. AB - Aged trends in male, world record, track and field performances were examined over the 40-69 years age range. Five hypotheses were compared with respect to accuracy of prediction of differential age trends across events. The only hypothesis to yield statistically significant predictions was termed that of energy expenditure-supply ratio. This hypothesis predicts performance changes with age to exhibit steeper overall declines for events for events associated with higher maximal force transmissions, relative to the available (anaerobic or aerobic) energy supply. PMID- 7318854 TI - Information recalled from prose by young, middle, and old adult readers. AB - The effects of organizational variables in prose on recall are examined for college-educated adults in three age groups. If older adults suffer a deficit in organizational processes [3], this may be manifest in lower in lower quantities of prose recall, difficulty in identifying and following the text's structure and main ideas, and diminished "levels effects" (information high in the hierarchical text structure recalled better than information low). The study reported tests these implications using Meyer's [15] prose analysis system to identify text structure. No age differences were found in total recall and recall of main ideas. However, young adults exhibited the typical " levels effects," while middle and old adults did not. This difference was attributed to the effects of current schooling practices on the youngest group, rater than organizational or reading comprehension deficits in the aged. PMID- 7318856 TI - The validity, reliability and generalizability of diary data. AB - There is need for reliable and valid behavioral measures for field research. Five sets of data were analyzed, in which diary as well as interview approaches were taken. Results suggest that scores derived from one-week diaries have satisfactory construct validity (convergent, predictive and nomological); that, for salient activities, they are less subjective to retrospective bias than are interview data and that, for this reason, interview-diary discrepancies may be useful for hypothesis testing. For items of neutral value, interview and diary provided remarkably similar values. A one-day diary was not an adequate substitute for a one-week diary. Attrition related to diary-keeping resulted in under-representation of certain groups (e.g., low income, little education, minority ethnicity, poor health), and conclusions would be different if based on diarists' responses or those of the intact sample. PMID- 7318857 TI - Separating age, cohort, and time of measurement: analysis of variance or multiple regression. AB - This paper empirically compares the relative advantages of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression (MR) approaches to the separation of age, cohort, and time of measurement effects in sequential research designs. The comparison utilizes four synthetic data sets, designed to have specific characteristics. The results support Adam's recent claim that standard ANOVA procedures, as described by Schaie, do not permit the development of accurate decision rules for age period-cohort analysis. A modified dummy variable regression procedure developed by Mason, et al. is demonstrated to permit accurate attribution of variance among age, cohort, and time of measurement effects in the developmental model. PMID- 7318860 TI - Medical adrenalectomy with aminoglutethimide-cortisol in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. PMID- 7318859 TI - Content analysis of helping group interactions: toward a developmental perspective. AB - Age comparative content analyses were carried out for eleven support-discussion groups. Comparisons of six groups of elderly persons and five groups of college youth revealed that the older more frequently discuss bodily changes, family relations, significant others and external sources of self respect. The young were more concerned with physical vulnerabilities. The elderly were more likely to discuss matters in terms of the past. The results are considered in the light of a life stage developmental conception of group behavior which could have implications for helping interventions. PMID- 7318858 TI - Age, imagery, and practice in paired-associate learning. AB - Elder and college-aged subjects performed a series of paired-associate tasks designed to investigate age differences in the use of mnemonic imagery as a strategy in verbal learning. Subjects were tested on three occasions at two-week intervals. Two ten-pair lists of concrete-noun paired associates were learned at each session. Standard (no-imagery), self-generated, and experimenter-provided imagery instructions were used. Results indicated that imagery instructions are quite beneficial for elders in the short run. However, elders tended not to use the strategy effectively after a two-week interval unless reminded to do so. Results also indicated that elders were capable of generating useful learning strategies on their own when given sufficient experience with the task. PMID- 7318861 TI - Variations in responsiveness and survival of clinical subsets of patients with metastatic breast cancer to two chemotherapy combinations. PMID- 7318862 TI - The relevance of cell kinetics for human cancer. PMID- 7318863 TI - Psycho-physiologic aspects of breast cancer. PMID- 7318864 TI - Quality of survival of patients following mastectomy. PMID- 7318865 TI - Primary breast cancer treatments: a locoregional recurrence review. PMID- 7318866 TI - Estrogen-linked cytotoxic agents of potential value for the treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7318867 TI - Exclusions from clinical trials. PMID- 7318868 TI - Needle biopsy and aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of malignancy in clinically suspicious breast masses: a rational approach. PMID- 7318869 TI - Estrogen receptors in early breast cancer. PMID- 7318870 TI - The relationship of oestradiol receptor (ER) and histological tumour differentiation with prognosis in human primary breast carcinoma. PMID- 7318871 TI - Steroid hormone receptors in mammary carcinoma: the effect of tamoxifen. PMID- 7318872 TI - Fine needle biopsy in estrogen receptor determination in breast cancer. PMID- 7318873 TI - Hormone receptors in breast cancer. PMID- 7318874 TI - Recent developments in the endocrine treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 7318875 TI - Serum concentrations of tamoxifen and major metabolite during long-term nolvadex therapy, correlated with clinical response. PMID- 7318876 TI - Aminoglutethimide in the management of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 7318877 TI - Clinical pharmacology of tolmesoxide in refractory heart failure. AB - The haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of single intravenous doses of tolmesoxide, a new vasodilator agent, were studied in 6 patients with severe cardiac failure secondary to ischaemic cardiomyopathy and refractory to conventional therapy. The mean (+ SEM) baseline cardiac index (CI) and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) were 1.7 +0.11/min/m2 and 30.5 +4.1 mm Hg respectively. The mean % rise in CI was 78.8 +23.3 and the mean % fall in PADP was 35.2 +5.2. The mean half life of tolmesoxide in these patients was markedly prolonged at 15.6 +6.6h. Side effects were minimal - vomiting was seen in 1 patient. This agent warrants further study in the long term management of refractory cardiac failure. PMID- 7318878 TI - Absorption of quinidine and dihydroquinidine in humans. AB - Quinidine and dihydroquinidine were administered as the sulphates in an oral solution to seven healthy volunteers. In all subjects, dihydroquinidine was absorbed to a lesser extent than quinidine. On the basis of comparative AUC pu to 6 h after administration, dihydroquinidine was 73% as available as quinidine. Rates of elimination of the compounds were similar. No correlation could be found between saliva and plasma levels for either compound. Limits for content of dihydroquinidine in commercial quinidine preparations seem essential to ensure adequate bioavailability. PMID- 7318879 TI - Proof of the linearity of the pharmacokinetics of alinidine in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of alinidine was investigated in two groups of volunteers: Group I (N=5) received on two occasions single doses of 14C-labelled drug given orally (40 mg) or intravenously (10 mg); Group II (N=6) received single oral doses 10, 30, or 90 mg dissolved in 20 ml water. The samples from Group I were analysed by two different and independent methods (RIA and counting total radioactivity). The results obtained by the two methods were identical, since the compound was not metabolized. The plasma concentrations and renal excretion data obtained from both groups were individually fitted to an open three compartment model. Independent of the route of administration and of the doses given, similar pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each group and each trial. The half lives of the distribution and elimination phases were t1/2 alpha: 36-41s, t1/2 beta: 9.9-11.1 min and t 1/2 gamma: 2.7-3.8h. There was a linear relationship between the dose administered and the resulting areas under the plasma concentration curves (AUC). Following a lag period (tau =0.19-0.22h), the peak plasma concentration was reached 0.6-1.2h after oral administration. Oral alinidine was 100% bioavailable. PMID- 7318880 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of bezafibrate in patients with impaired renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the new lipid-lowering drug bezafibrate has been investigated in patients with impaired renal function and hyperlipoproteinaemia. 12 patients received a single oral dose of bezafibrate 300 mg. Plasma and urine samples were collected and bezafibrate was analyzed by gas chromatography. Eight of the patients had moderately impaired renal function, with a creatinine clearance between 20 and 40 ml/min; the mean plasma half-life of bezafibrate in them was 7.8 +3.9 h (SD) and the plasma clearance was 0.03 +0.02 1/kg . h. Three of the patients had a creatinine clearance greater than 40 ml/min; in them the plasma half-life was shorter, 4.6 +1.2 h, and the plasma clearance was higher, 0.06 +0.01 1/kg . h. The slowest elimination of bezafibrate was found in a patient with a creatinine clearance of only 13 ml/min. This patient had a plasma half-life of 20.l h, which is ten times longer than has been reported in healthy volunteers. Thus, when treating hyperlipoproteinaemia in patients with impaired renal function, the dosage of bezafibrate must be individualized because of its reduced renal elimination. PMID- 7318881 TI - Cimetidine-phenytoin interaction: effect on serum phenytoin concentration and antipyrine test. AB - In a prospective study in nine patients the effects of phenytoin and of cimetidine (1000 mg/day) + phenytoin on the antipyrine test and serum phenytoin concentrations were studied. Serum phenytoin increased from the steady state level of 5.7 +1.3 mg/l to 9.1 +1.4 mg/l after three weeks on cimetidine (p less than 0.01), and fell to 5.8 +1.2 mg/l within two weeks after withdrawal of cimetidine. The protein binding of phenytoin was not changed by cimetidine. After use of phenytoin for 2-4 months, antipyrine clearance increased from 0.67 +0.06 ml/min/kg to 1.61 +0.22 ml/min/kg, and antipyrine half-live fell from 10.9 +1.3 h to 4.5 +0.6 h as compared to the values before phenytoin treatment (p less than 0.01). After three weeks combined use of cimetidine and phenytoin, antipyrine clearance was decreased to 1.01 +0.07 ml/min/kg and antipyrine half-life was prolonged to 6.1 +0.5 h, (p less than 0.01) compared to the values on phenytoin alone. The distribution volume of antipyrine was not affected by phenytoin nor by cimetidine + phenytoin. The half-life of cimetidine was 2.8 +0.3 h in the patients in the longterm phenytoin treatment. There was a significant positive correlation (p less than 0.001) between the increase in serum phenytoin concentration and the prolongation of antipyrine half-life caused by cimetidine. Thus, cimetidine increases serum phenytoin concentration, very probably by inhibiting its metabolism. Care should be taken in the concomitant use of cimetidine ad phenytoin, and the dose of phenytoin should be modified according to the clinical symptoms and serum phenytoin concentrations. PMID- 7318882 TI - Comparison of the placental transfer of thiopental and diazepam in caesarean section. AB - Drug concentrations were measured in whole blood obtained from mother and child after induction of general anaesthesia with thiopental or diazepam and delivery by Caesarean section. In 27 cases given thiopental 3 mg/kg intravenously the 5 min child/mother concentration ratio rose with increasing injection-delivery (I D) interval up to 8-10 min. The concentration in the newborn at 2 h showed a similar trend. In 30 cases given diazepam 0.3 mg/kg for sleep induction, there were some low values in cases delivered within 4 min after the injection. However, higher neonatal concentrations and child/mother ratios were observed when the operation lasted 4-5 min, and there was no further increase in cases with longer I-D intervals. There is evidence to suggest that net transfer to the fetus proceeds at a slower rate with thiopental than with diazepam. However, in the present series of low risk elective Caesarean sections, there was no appreciable difference between the induction agents with regard to their effect on the newborn infant. PMID- 7318883 TI - Radioimmunoassay of glipizide in human plasma. AB - A simple, sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for the direct determination of glipizide in human plasma. Antisera raised in rabbits immunized with a glipizide analogue conjugated to bovine serum albumin were highly specific, the two main metabolites, 3, cis-hydroxycyclohexyl derivative and 4,trans-hydroxycyclohexyl derivative, having cross reactivities of 0.73% and 1.66%, respectively. The method can measure amounts as small as 1 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation lay between 2.98-5.79% and 2.35 8.66%, respectively. The mean recovery of glipizide added to plasma was 99-105% over the range 1-500 ng/ml. The method was employed to determine plasma levels in six subjects after administration of a 5 mg tablet of glipizide. The results were in accordance with those found after administration of the same dose of radiolabelled glipizide to two other subjects. PMID- 7318884 TI - Clinical pharmacology, a "me too" affair? PMID- 7318885 TI - Clinical pharmacology-training and career. PMID- 7318886 TI - The effects of apamin on responses evoked by field stimulation in guinea-pig taenia caeci. PMID- 7318887 TI - Effects of aspirin and paracetamol on naloxone reversal of morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion in mice. AB - In mice, morphine caused a dose-dependent slowing of the rate of intestinal transit of a charcoal meal. This inhibitory effect of morphine was antagonised by naloxone. Pretreatment with a single dose of morphine did not induce any detectable tolerance to the inhibitory action of a second dose of morphine given 4 h later. However, naloxone was more effective in antagonising intestinal inhibition by morphine in morphine-pretreated mice than in saline-pretreated animals. Pretreatment with either aspirin or paracetamol did not alter the inhibitory action of morphine given 4.5 h later. However, the antagonistic effect of naloxone was significantly augmented, though not to the same extent as that caused by morphine pretreatment. When either aspirin or paracetamol was given together with morphine as pretreatment, the resulting naloxone antagonism measured 4 h later was significantly higher than that induced by pretreatment with the individual drugs. Furthermore, combined pretreatment with aspirin 20.0 mg/kg and morphine 40.0 mg/kg induced detectable tolerance to the inhibitory effect of a second dose of morphine given 4 h later. The present study indicates that prostaglandins reduce the naloxone antagonism of the inhibitory action of morphine on the rate of intestinal transit in mice and may interfere with the development of morphine tolerance. PMID- 7318888 TI - Naltrexone effects on food-and codeine-maintained responding in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 7318889 TI - In vivo electrochemical detection of catechols in several dopaminergic brain regions of anaesthetized rats. AB - Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used in conjunction with electrochemically treated carbon fibre microelectrodes to monitor in vivo the catechols (CA) levels in the substantia nigra (SN), ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) and nucleus accumbens of anaesthetized rats. The current corresponding to CA oxidation was always closely related to the anatomical localisation of the dopaminergic neurons e.g. it was maximal in tht pars compacta of the SN. In addition, the current was selectively suppressed in all regions after 6-OHDA-induced degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons and after pargyline treatment. These findings together with our previous results suggest that 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is the main contributor to the CA oxidation current measured in these areas. Haloperidol induced a significant increase of the CA signal in the nucleus accumbens (+70%) but not in the SN or VMT. The DOPAC concentrations declined exponentially after pargyline administration. The fractional rate constant of DOPAC, computed from these results appears to be similar in all regions studied except for n. accumbens where the low rate of disappearance might be responsible for the high DOPAC concentration measured in this area. In conclusion, DPV with electrochemically treated carbon fibre electrodes is a useful means of monitoring extracellular DOPAC levels in dopaminergic brain regions. PMID- 7318891 TI - Evidence for furosemide-sensitive active chloride transport in vascular smooth muscle. AB - An inhibitor of Cl- transport, furosemide, interfered potently with the 36Cl steady state exchange in rabbit aortic tissue. On long-term incubation with furosemide, [Cl-]i decreased ECl increased, thereby approaching the resting membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle. Electrophysiological microelectrode studies on rabbit pulmonary arteries revealed a hyperpolarization of 5.5 mV in the presence of furosemide. These findings provide evidence for an inwardly directed chloride pump operating in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 7318890 TI - Autoregulation of acetylcholine release in isolated hippocampal nerve endings. AB - The existence of presynaptic autoreceptors modulating acetylcholine release from central cholinergic nerve endings was investigated by using rat hippocampal synaptosomes in a superfusion system. The presence of exogenous acetylcholine, carbachol or oxotremorine in the superfusion fluid produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the release of [3H]acetylcholine elicited by 15 mM KCl in synaptosomes prelabeled with tritiated choline. The inhibition was counteracted by atropine. Another well known muscarinic agonist, bethanechol, had no effect on [3H]acetylcholine release. Our results indicate that central cholinergic nerve terminals possess autoreceptors of the muscarinic type for the control of acetylcholine release. Moreover, differences seem to exist between pre-and postsynaptic muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system. PMID- 7318893 TI - Calcium antagonist nifedipine normalizes high blood pressure and prevents mortality in salt-loaded ds substrain of Dahl rats. PMID- 7318892 TI - Adaptation of presynaptic acetylcholine autoreceptors following long-term drug treatment. PMID- 7318894 TI - Assay for soluble dopamine receptors by the precipitation method. AB - Receptors with high affinity for neuroleptics (D2-type dopamine receptors) were solubilized from dog striatum using 1% digitonin. Soluble receptors were labelled using [3H]spiperone, and the bound 3H-ligand was separated from the free [3H]spiperone by molecular sieving on the Sephadex G-50 columns. This paper presents a polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method designed to replace this column method. IC50 values for both neuroleptics and dopamine agonists, as well as dissociation constants for [3H]spiperone were similar for both methods. The precipitation method yielded a receptor density of 64 fmol/mg protein whereas the molecular sieving technique yielded a value of 194 fmol/mg protein. The qualitative similarities between the methods validates using the rapid precipitation method for monitoring the receptor during various stages of its purification. PMID- 7318895 TI - In vivo modulation of the number of muscarinic receptors in rat brain by cholinergic ligands. AB - Administration of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine led to a decrease in the number of muscarinic receptors, as determined by specific binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), in several rat brain regions both during development and at maturity. In contrast, administration of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine led to an increase in the number of [3H]QNB-binding sites in various brain regions. Scopolamine also prevented the decrease in the number of [3H]QNB-binding sites induced by administration of an organophosphorus drug. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the number of brain muscarinic receptors, or at least of a sub-class of them, is regulated by their transmitter. PMID- 7318896 TI - Acute thyroid hormone increases noradrenergic responsiveness of rat atria in vitro. AB - The effect of acute (10-75 min) exposure of isolated spontaneously beating rat atria to L-triiodothyronine (T3)(12.9-1290 nM) on the positive chronotropic response to (-)-norepinephrine (NE) 10(-10)-10(-4)M) was examined. Preincubation (50 min) with 129 nM T3 increased the maximal response to (-)-NE from 128 +/- 10 to 176 +/- 11 beats/min. This effect was temporally biphasic, being maximal at 50 min pre-exposure. The results demonstrate an effect of acute in vitro exposure to T3 on the noradrenergic responsiveness of the heart. PMID- 7318897 TI - Inhibition of gastric functions by stimulation of rat locus coeruleus. AB - To investigate the possible role of central noradrenergic neurons in the regulation of gastric functions, electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus [LC] and microinjection of noradrenaline [NA] into the ala cinerea (area of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagi [NDV] and the nucleus tractus solitarius [NTS]) were given to urethane-anesthetized rats. Unilateral electrical stimulation of the LC decreased both the basal levels and the lateral hypothalamic area [LHA] induced increases in gastric acid output and mucosal blood flow. Microinjection of NA 0.1 and 0.5 micrograms/animal into the ala cinerea also decreased the basal levels of these gastric parameters. From these results, combined with neuroanatomical data from the literature, it is concluded that central noradrenergic inhibitory mechanisms originating from the LC seem to be involved in the regulation of gastric functions, probably at the level of the brain-stem ala cinerea. PMID- 7318898 TI - The effect of lithium on rat brain and erythrocyte glycine levels. PMID- 7318900 TI - Compared effects of indapamide, hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on electrical and mechanical activities in vascular smooth muscle. AB - The effects of indapamide, hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone were studied on isometric contractions, calcium contractures (in depolarized preparations) and membrane potentials in isolated longitudinal strips from rat portal veins. Indapamide inhibited all three responses more potently than did current diuretics. The effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone appeared at concentrations at which indapamide reduced electrical and mechanical activity by more than 50%. These results confirmed that the depressing action of indapamide on vascular smooth muscle was exerted through a reduction in the transmembrane calcium influx. PMID- 7318899 TI - Different sites of action for morphine, ethanol, barbital and pentobarbital within the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus preparation. AB - Morphine, ethanol, barbital and pentobarbital reversibly inhibited in a dose dependent manner, the electrically evoked contractions of the guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus (LM/MP) preparation, in vitro. The ED50s for inhibition were 0.2 microM for morphine and 120, 8 and 0.3 mM for ethanol, barbital and pentobarbital respectively. To determine whether the site of inhibition was pre- or postjunctioal we studied the effects of graded concentrations of these drugs on the contractions evoked by exogenous acetylcholine (ACh). A correlation between the inhibition of the electrically and ACh-evoked muscle contractions suggests that morphine acts primarily prejunctionally while ethanol acts both pre-and postjunctionally. The inhibition by barbital and pentobarbital, however, can be accounted completely by a postjunctional depression. These results may explain our previous observation of cross-tolerance between morphine and ethanol in this preparation, and the lack of cross-tolerance between these drugs and barbital. PMID- 7318901 TI - Effect of haloperidol on adrenal ornithine decarboxylase activity of the rat. AB - The administration of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (HLP) to rats produced a temporary increase in adrenomedullary and cortical ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. The time-course of stimulation of ODC activity by HLP showed different patterns in both structures. Medullary ODC activity was highest at 2.5 h, decreasing at later times; cortical ODC activity was not affected by the drug at 2.5 h, but then increased up to at least 6.5 h. The medullary increase observed at 2.5 h was dose-related and could be prevented by splanchnicotomy. Hypophysectomized rats, on the contrary, showed an enhanced response to HLP. The results suggest that haloperidol-induced increase of adrenomedullary ODC activity is caused by a reflex increase in preganglionic nerve activity, and that the pituitary gland can modulate this response. Cortical ODC response to HLP, as previously demonstrated, is mediated entirely by the hypophysis. PMID- 7318903 TI - Parathyroid hormone effects on calcium metabolism in the rat are impaired by 5 ethyl-5'-(1-methylpropyl)-2-thiobarbiturate (inaktin). AB - The mechanism by which inaktin, a thiobarbiturate, promotes a moderate drop in serum calcium has been investigated. The effect was cancelled in hypocalcemic parathyroidectomized rats. On the other hand inaktin antagonized the serum calcium raising effects of parathyroid extract in these animals. In rats wit intact parathyroid glands inaktin caused a two-fold increase in urinary calcium excretion and a marked decrease in body and bone calcium turnover (measured with 45 Ca). These results support the view that inaktin impairs the parathyroid hormone effects on calcium metabolism. PMID- 7318905 TI - Mechanism for gastric antisecretory effects of desmethylimipramine in rats. AB - The mechanism for the gastric antisecretory action of desmethylimipramine (DMI) was studied using the pylorus-ligated rat preparation. DMI was approximately 40 times more potent in decreasing gastric acid secretion when given into the lateral ventricles of the brain than when administered intravenously. The antisecretory effects of DMI could be blocked by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists yohimbine and SK&F 72223 and mimicked by central administration of an alpha 2-agonist. It could not be blocked by the alpha 1-antagonist prazosin or mimicked by alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists. SK&F 72223 and yohimbine themselves produced small increases in gastric acid, but the increase output by SK&F 72223 failed to reduce the antisecretory response to atropine. Since DMI is not an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, but is a potent inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake, these data suggest that the effects of DMI on gastric acid secretion are mediated indirectly via inhibition of catecholamine uptake at central synapses containing alpha 2-adrenoceptors. PMID- 7318902 TI - Evaluation of amphetamine-induced in vivo electrochemical response. AB - A carbon fiber microelectrode is shown to give a potential-dependent dopamine selective response in rat brain tissue. However, distinct evidence for dopamine release is not obtained with intraperitoneal amphetamine administration (1.8 or 3.7 mg . kg-1). In rats which have been unilaterally depleted of dopamine, the change in electrochemical signal obtained in the lesioned striatum is very similar to that measured on the non-lesioned side following amphetamine administration. This indicates that substances other than dopamine contribute to the observed signals. PMID- 7318904 TI - Actions of adenine dinucleotides on the vas deferens, guinea-pig taenia caeci and bladder. AB - Adenine dinucleotides such as beta-NAD, alpha-NAD, NADP, 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, 3',5'-and 2',5'-adenylyladenosine mimicked the inhibitory effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on electrically evoked contractions of the rat and mouse isolated superfused vas deferens. The inhibitory effects were blocked by theophylline or adenosine deaminase, unaffected by the nucleotidase inhibitor alpha, beta-methylene ADP and enhanced by inhibition of adenosine deaminase. The inhibitory effects were associated with a release of purines from the vasa after preloading with [3H]adenosine. It is suggested that these compounds activate a receptor, causing the release of adenosine which is largely responsible for the inhibitions. Diadenosine pyrophosphate and triphosphate caused only depression of the vas twitch, whereas the pentaphosphate and hexaphosphate derivatives caused contraction, followed by inhibition at higher concentrations. These inhibitions were only partly reduced by theophylline or deaminase, but both contractile and inhibitory effects were enhanced by alpha, beta-methylene ADP. Noradrenaline contractions were also reduced by the higher polyphosphates. It is suggested that there may be a receptor for these dinucleotides, located at least in part postjunctionally. The pentaphosphate and hexaphosphate compounds mimicked the effects of nerve stimulation on the guinea-pig bladder, being substantially more potent than beta, gamma-methylene-ATP, and on the taenia caeci, where contraction or relaxation could be produced depending on resting tone. PMID- 7318906 TI - Calcium antagonists prevent early post-infarction ventricular fibrillation. AB - The intravenous administration of either nifedipine (in doses of 5-50 microgram/kg), or nisoldipine (5-1000 microgram/kg) markedly reduced, or abolished, the serious ventricular arrhythmias (tachycardia and fibrillation) that result from acute coronary artery artery ligation in pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats. Ventricular ectopic activity, which is pronounced in the first 30 min post-ligation period in this model, was also significantly decreased by nifedipine and niludipine (10 and 50 microgram/kg) and by the highest dose (1 mg/kg) of nisoldipine. These results demonstrate the marked efficacy of these calcium antagonists in this experimental model and raise the possibility that, if given prophylactically, they might reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death following re-infarction in patients. PMID- 7318909 TI - Comparative effects of morphine and nalorphine on colonic motility in the conscious dog. AB - The effects of increased doses (0.05-02 mg/kg) of morphine and nalorphine on colonic motility were investigated in 15-22 h fasted dogs fitted with two strain gauge transducers on the transverse colon at 8 and 15 cm from the ileo-colonic junction. These effects were compared to those obtained after previous administration of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg), atropine (0.1 mg/kg) and methysergide (0.1 mg/kg). Both morphine and nalorphine, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg increased the colonic motility index by 285 and 248% from 0 to 60 min respectively after their administration, these effects lasting 3.2 and 2.6 h. These stimulatory effects were abolished by previous administration of naloxone (0.3 mg/kg) or atropine (0.1 mg/kg) and limited to 60 min after methysergide (0.1 mg/kg). It was concluded that nalorphine may be considered as a potent morphinomimetic substance upon colonic motility and that cholinergic and serotonergic receptors were involved in the colonic response to morphine. PMID- 7318908 TI - Repeated electroconvulsive shock attenuates clonidine-induced hypoactivity in rodents. AB - Clonidine administration at low dose produces hypoactivity in both rats and mice, probably by stimulation of presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the brain. This behaviour is antagonised by yohimbine pretreatment but is unaffected by pretreatment with prazosin. An electroconvulsive shock (ECS) given once daily for 10 days markedly attenuated the hypoactivity in both species when tested 24 h after the final shock. The attenuation in mice was not found after either a single ECS or 10 subconvulsive shocks. Ten ECS did not alter the hypoactivity response produced by (+/-)-propranolol in mice. Clonidine administration decreased rat brain MOPEG-SO4 concentrations. A single ECS given daily for 10 days abolished this decrease. These results suggest that repeated ECS causes a subsensitivity of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the brain and that these receptors may be located presynaptically. PMID- 7318907 TI - D-Amphetamine at low doses suppresses noradrenergic functions. AB - This study examined the effects of d-amphetamine on the firing rate of hippocampal cells which had been shown to have an inhibitory, noradrenergic input from the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). d-Amphetamine at low doses of 0.1 mg/kg i.v. or 0.5 mg/kg i.p. increased the firing rates of these cells. With higher doses of d-amphetamine, both increases and decreases in the firing rates of hippocampal cells were observed. These differential effects on the firing rate of hippocampal cells were statistically significant (x2 = 13.32, d.f. = 3, P less than 0.01). The increased firing rate of hippocampal cells produced by the low doses of d-amphetamine was blocked by a prior destruction of the LC indicating that the drug effect was mediated by LC neurons. d-Amphetamine also significantly attenuated the decrement in the firing rates of hippocampal cells produced by LC stimulation (P less than 0.01). These results suggest that low doses of d amphetamine suppress rather than enhance the actions os norepinephrine. PMID- 7318910 TI - Phenoxybenzamine blocks dopamine autoreceptors irreversible: implications for multiple dopamine receptor hypotheses. PMID- 7318911 TI - Plasma catecholamines, noradrenaline metabolism and vascular response in desoxycorticosterone acetate hypertension of rats. AB - Mineralocorticoid hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats by the injection of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) in oily solution (2 X 5 mg/kg daily for 7 days) and of desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate in a microcrystalline suspension (15 mg/kg every third day for 4 weeks). A 1% NaCl solution or demineralized water was given as drinking fluid. Four weeks after the beginning of treatment, mean arterial blood pressure was 161 +/- 3.8 mmHg in DOCA-saline treated and 140 +/- 5.9 mmHg in DOCA-water-treated rats. Basal plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline did not differ in conscious, unrestrained DOCA treated rats and in control rats 3, 7 and 28 days after the beginning of hormone administration. Furosemide (50 mg/kg) caused within 30 min the same degree of diuresis and natriuresis in DOCA-treated and in control rats, but the plasma noradrenaline concentration in DOCA-treated rats rose to a higher level than in the controls. The isolated perfused hearts of rats which received DOCA for 7 and 28 days, respectively, had a reduced uptake of [3H]noradrenaline as compared to the controls. In isolated perfused hindlimb preparations from rats which had received DOCA for 7 days, the dose-response curve to noradrenaline but not that to KCl was shifted to the left. However, when DOCA and saline were given for 28 days, besides a higher sensitivity to noradrenaline an increased maximum response was observed with both noradrenaline and KCl. It is concluded that adrenergic tone is enhanced during the development of DOCA hypertension. Since the changes in the sympathetic nervous system in DOCA-water-treated rats, which had a less pronounced hypertension, were similar to those in DOCA-NaCl-treated rats, alterations in adrenergic vascular tone were not directly related to the level of the blood pressure. PMID- 7318912 TI - Competitive inhibition of sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake by harmala alkaloids. AB - The actions of five harmala alkaloids on the sodium dependent high affinity choline uptake activity in rat striatal synaptosomes was investigated. All five compounds were found to be competitive inhibitors of the uptake system. Harmalol (Ki approximately 3.4 microM) and 2-methylharmine (Ki approximately 5.7 microM) were found to be relatively potent inhibitors in a series with an ascending order of inhibitory potency of harmaline less than 2-methylharmaline less than harmine less than 2-methylharmine less than harmalol. PMID- 7318913 TI - Mechanism of grayanotoxin III-induced afterpotentials in feline cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Grayanotoxins are known to produce cardiac tachyarrhythmias. It is unknown, however, which of three mechanisms, i.e., reentry, induction of automatic activity or induction of triggered activity, accounts for grayanotoxin-induced arrhythmias. To distinguish between these possible mechanisms, effects of grayanotoxin III (GTX III) on the electrical activity of isolated feline cardiac Purkinje fibers were examined under control conditions in which reentry was not likely to occur (perfusion with an oxygenated physiological saline solution at 30 degrees C and pH 7.4) and under several other conditions known to either enhance or block triggered activity. GTX III alone (1 microM) produced either 1-2 low amplitude or repetitive, suprathreshold after potentials within 15 min of administration. At the onset of GTX III-induced afterpotentials, the configuration of electrically driven action potentials was only slightly altered. Increasing stimulation frequency, raising extracellular calcium concentration or lowering extracellular potassium concentration, each of which augment triggered activity, enhanced the production of GTX III-induced afterpotentials. Furthermore, verapamil, raising extracellular potassium concentration or phenytoin, each of which block triggered activity, suppressed afterpotentials elicited by GTX III. These results indicate that the mechanism underlying grayanotoxin-induced arrhythmias is the production of triggered activity in the form of oscillatory afterpotentials. PMID- 7318914 TI - Subcutaneous morphine reduces intestinal propulsion in rats partly by a central action. AB - Rats were given intracerebroventricular or intravenous injections of the quarternary opioid receptor antagonist N,N-diallyl-normorphinium (DANM. 100 microgram). Ten min later morphine (7.5 mg/kg) or loperamide (10 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously. Intestinal propulsion was assessed by measuring the progress of radioactive chromium (Na51(2) CrO4, 0.5 microCi) along the small intestine. The radioactive chromium was instilled into the proximal duodenum 20 min after injection of morphine or loperamide, and the animals sacrificed 35 min after giving radioactive chromium. Morphine and loperamide both inhibit intestinal propulsion. DANM (100 microgram i.c.v.) reduces the effect of morphine but not loperamide. Intravenous injection of DANM does not reduce anti-propulsive action of morphine. By itself DANM neither increases nor decreases intestinal propulsion. These experiments indicate that morphine, when administered by a peripheral route, reduces small intestinal propulsion in the rat partly through an action on brain opioid receptors. PMID- 7318917 TI - Relaxation of the rabbit colon on pelvic nerve stimulation. PMID- 7318916 TI - Receptor-activated and energy-dependent decrease of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in guinea-pig vas deferens. AB - Organ cultures of guinea-pig vasa deferentia were used for studying both the decrease in muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) concentration induced by muscarinic agonists and the simultaneous decrease in contraction to ACh. After a lag period the decrease followed first-order kinetics and was completely blocked by atropine. The decrease was dependent not only on the extent of occupation of mAChR by ACh, but was also related to the efficacy of agonists as deduced from the contractions. Moreover the amount of mAChR was not affected by other contractile agents, norepinephrine and high K+ even under conditions in which mAChR was occupied by atropine or pilocarpine. These findings indicate that the decrease in the amount of mAChR mediated by muscarinic receptors in vas deferens was due to the extent of both receptor occupation and receptor activation by agonists. Furthermore it was shown that the decrease involved energy- and temperature-dependent processes and that cyclic nucleotides did not regulate the quantitative level of mAChR. PMID- 7318915 TI - LSD mescaline and serotonin injected into medial raphe nucleus potentiate apomorphine hypermotility. AB - Microinjections of LSD (0.05 microgram), mescaline (0.5 microgram) and serotonin (10 microgram) into the medial raphe nucleus of rats resulted in a strong potentiation of apomorphine (1 mg/kg i.p.)-induced hypermotility. The potentiating effect of LSD or serotonin was suppressed by simultaneous injections of methysergide (0.05 microgram) or cyproheptadine (0.05 microgram) into the medial raphe nucleus. The same doses of LSD injected into the dorsal raphe nucleus and of LSD and mescaline injected into the nucleus accumbens failed to influence locomotor activity, whereas injections of higher doses of LSD and mescaline into the nucleus accumbens inhibited spontaneous and apomorphine stimulated locomotor activity. It is concluded that the potentiating effect of systemically administered low doses of hallucinogens was triggered by preferential actions on the serotonergic system in the medial raphe nucleus. PMID- 7318922 TI - Time course of antagonism of morphine antinociception by intracerebroventricularly administered naloxone in the rat. AB - The kinetic profile and half-life of naloxone were studied for possible use in determination of pA2 and KB in vivo. Rats were given morphine subcutaneously and after 15 min naloxone or saline, intracerebroventricularly. A further 15 min later, and at 15 min intervals up to 135 min after morphine, the animals were tested for analgesia in the tail flick test. The dose-response curves of the naloxone group were shifted to the right of those for the saline group. The amount of displacement decreased with time, indicative of the disappearance of naloxone. The graph of log (dose ratio-1) vs. time was linear with negative slope, in agreement with the time-dependent form of the equation for competitive antagonism. From this slope, the half-life of naloxone was calculated to be 13.3 min. These results demonstrate that the time-dependent method is useful in obtaining the kinetics of centrally acting opiate antagonists. PMID- 7318919 TI - The effect of GABA antagonism on propulsive activity of the guinea-pig large intestine. AB - Possible involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in intestinal motility of the guinea-pig has been investigated using the speed of propulsion of faecal pellets along isolated segments of guinea-pig distal colon, and the rate of pellet expulsion from freshly excised colon. GABA antagonism, by bicuculline or by tachyphylaxis to GABA, substantially reduced intestinal motility and generally reduced the amplitude of the reflex contraction associated with pellet propulsion. These results support the view that GABAergic mechanisms may be involved in the propulsive activity of the guinea-pig distal colon. PMID- 7318920 TI - Pharmacological profiles of the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonists 3-PPP and TL-99. AB - The putative dopamine (DA) autoreceptor agonists, N-n-propyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) piperidine (3-PPP) and 6, 7-dihydroxy-2-dimethylaminotetralin (TL-99) were compared with apomorphine in a series of tests indicative of DA receptor activation. All three agents displaced [3H] apomorphine and [3H] spiroperidol from DA recognition sites in rat brain and caused contralateral turning in the 6 hydroxydopamine lesioned rat. Apomorphine and TL-99 were generally more potent than 3-PPP. All three agents were also active at the DA autoreceptor that controls the synthesis of dopamine as indicated in vivo using the gamma butyrolactone (GBL) procedure and in vitro using a synaptosomal preparation. In addition, all agents produced emesis in beagles. clear differences in the drugs' actions were observed in other test procedures. In the rat, apomorphine was the only compound which caused stereotypy or rotation following a reversible KCI induced lesion of the striatum. Conversely, TL-99 and 3-PPP lacked activity in these procedures. Presumably, activity in these two tests indicates postsynaptic DA receptor activation. Each of the putative autoreceptor agonists produced a monotonic dose-related decrease in the mouse locomotor activity as opposed to the biphasic effect exerted by apomorphine. This action on the mouse locomotor activity, coupled with the results for the GBL test, provides an index of autoreceptor activation. In contrast to 3-PPP, both apomorphine and TL-99 increased locomotor activity in animals pretreated with reserpine and alpha methyl-p-tyrosine and caused rotation in unilaterally caudectomized mice. In these test procedures thought to reflect activity at the postsynaptic DA receptor, TL-99 differed in its action from 3-PPP in a manner which suggests 3 PPP may be a more selective DA autoreceptor agonist. PMID- 7318918 TI - Biochemical abnormalities of venous plasma membrane fraction isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity and Ca2+ accumulation were examined in the isolated plasma membrane fractions from small arteries and veins of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY). Increased Ca2+ binding by plasma membrane fractions from veins, decreased ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by those from arteries and increased alkaline phosphatase activity in both fractions from SHR were observed. We conclude that biochemical abnormalities in vascular smooth muscle cell membrane cannot be explained solely as adaptive changes induced by elevated blood pressure. PMID- 7318921 TI - Lithium dissociates haloperidol-induced behavioral supersensitivity from reduced dopac increase in rat striatum. AB - Chronic lithium administration prevents both haloperidol-induced dopaminergic behavioral supersensitivity and increased tritiated neuroleptic binding to dopamine (DA) receptors in rat corpus striatum. Since chronic haloperidol treatment also induces tolerance to the activating effects to the drug on striatal DA synthesis, the ability of lithium to block neurochemical tolerance development was investigated. Whereas lithium treatment significantly (P less than 0.01) attenuated haloperidol-induced behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine (0.33 and 0.66 mg/kg s.c.), it did not prevent tolerance to the elevation of striatal 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels 1 h after last treatment or in response to challenge with a low dose (0.1 mg/kg) of haloperidol during withdrawal. These results demonstrate a dissociation between the development of behavioral supersensitivity and the reduction in DOPAC increase. An assessment of lithium's demonstrated effects on supersensitivity development at various DA receptor sites suggests that tolerance may be mediated by presynaptic DA receptors on terminals of nigrostriatal neurons. PMID- 7318923 TI - Enhancement of responsiveness of the central serotonergic system and serotonin-2 receptor density in rat frontal cortex by electroconvulsive treatment. AB - The effect of a series of 10 electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on the hyperthermic response of heat-adapted rats to a serotonergic stimulant, 3 chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP), and on radioligand binding to serotonin-1 and serotonin-2 receptors in frontal cortical membranes was investigated. Chronic ECS augmented the hyperthermic response of rats to CPP, did not affect [3H]serotonin binding to serotonin-1 receptors, and increased [3H]spiroperidol binding to serotonin-2 receptors. The treatment increased the density of serotonin-2 receptors by about 40%. It is suggested that the increased responsiveness of the central serotonergic system may be an important factor in the antidepressant action of chronic ECS. PMID- 7318924 TI - Uptake in vivo of 45Ca in male accessory sex organs of the rat: effect of estramustine phosphate and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate. AB - The radioactivity following a single i.v. injection of 45Ca into male rats was found to be significantly higher in seminal vesicles, dorsolateral prostate, coagulating glands and ventral prostate than in muscle. The acute effect of a single dose given intraperitoneally of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (Honvan) were examined on 45Ca uptake. Generally, the 45Ca concentration in the accessory sex organs with the exception of the dorsolateral prostate increased after administration of estramustine phosphate. Diethylstilbestrol phosphate treatment also significantly increased 45Ca uptake in the ventral prostate when measured on the basis of tissue wet weight but not on the basis of protein. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the therapeutic action of Estracyt in prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 7318925 TI - Pharmacological evidence of supersensitivity of central serotonergic receptors involved in the control of prolactin secretion. AB - m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a serotonin receptor agonist, induced dose related increase in plasma prolactin levels in the rat. This effect was significantly prevented by pretreatment with metergoline, a serotonin receptor blocker. Long-term degeneration of hypothalamic serotonin nerve endings induced by intraventricular injection of 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine, significantly enhanced the PRL-releasing action of m-CPP, as revealed by the shift to the left in the dose-response curve that relates the dose of m-CPP to plasma PRL levels. Thus the evidence suggests the possible development of supersensitivity of central serotonin receptors involved in the control of prolactin release. PMID- 7318926 TI - Des-tyrosine1-gamma-endorphin increases the antinociceptive efficacy of morphine in the rat. AB - Repeated injections of des-tyrosine1-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E) to rats subjectively increased sensitivity to handling. After 8 days of treatment, the animals were supersensitive to a low dose of morphine in the foot-shock test. Acute treatment with DT gamma E gave no significant increase in morphine sensitivity. The results indicate that DTgammaE given chronically interacts with opioid receptor-effector mechanisms. PMID- 7318927 TI - [An estimation of comfortable temperature for rats using thermograph (author's transl)]. AB - For estimating optimum environmental temperature accepted as comfortable by rats themselves, we measured tail skin temperatures by thermograph and observed behaviors in adult rats at the room temperatures of 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28 degrees C. The five rats grouped in a plastic cage were inclined to be in a tight squeeze at 20, 22 and 24 degrees C whereas they set themselves separately each other at 28 degrees C. At 26 degrees C, the behaviors of the rats were the intermediate of these two types. The tail skin temperatures of these grouped five rats were kept high and the lowest was 28.5 degrees C at the room temperature of 20 degrees C. On the contrary, the tail skin temperature of the single rat in another same type cage was much lower at the room temperatures of 24 degrees C and lower and reaches to 20 degrees C at the room temperature of 20 degrees C, although it was close to those of grouped rats at 26 degrees C and almost equal to those at 28 degrees C. The inside temperatures of the cage containing five rats were higher than the room temperature but the differences were less than 2 degrees C. At the room temperature of 28 degrees C, both of the single rat and the grouped rats smeared themselves with their saliva to increase heat dissipation. From these results, we considered the ambient temperature range in which a single rat can hold the high tail skin temperature and the salivation is not necessary as the comfortable temperature range for rats. PMID- 7318928 TI - [Idiopathic neurologic diseases in dogs and cats in Japan from the viewpoint of animal models of human disease (author's transl)]. AB - This study was intended to demonstrate the neurological characteristics of idiopathic neurologic diseases of dogs and cats as a material for evaluating them as animal models for human diseases. A hundred and nineteen animals selected for this study from among outpatients with various neurological disorders presented to the Veterinary Hospital of University of Tokyo were studied mainly by the neurological examination with assistant methods of electroencephalography and electromyography. Hydrocephalus and vestibular diseases were highest in incidence in dogs, followed in order by encephalitis and epilepsy. Choleiform movements or other abnormal movements such as athetosis and hemiballism that are seen in diseases of the extrapyramidal system of man were not observed in dogs. Cerebellar degenerative disease showed the highest incidence in cats, which is believed to occur by transplacental infection of panleukopenia virus. Intervertebral disk disorders, the most common neurologic disease in the dog, usually occurred in the thoracic, unlike in man, and lumbar segments, not only causing pain but precipitating paresis or paralysis of the legs or of the trunk. PMID- 7318929 TI - Fine structure of the parotid gland of Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus). AB - The parotid gland of Chinese hamster was examined by light and electron microscopy. The parotid acinar cells contained acidophile granules and reacted with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent but failed to stain with alcian blue (AB). The acini were composed of light, dark and specific light cells containing secretory granules of various sizes and densities. Intercalated duct cells were composed exclusively of light cells and contained a few vesicles, fine granules and polygonal granules. Striated duct cells were PAS-positive and AB-negative, being composed of light and dark cells. These cells contained vesicles and fine granules, and the light cells in the male contained electron dense polygonal granules. No myoepithelial cells were detected around the acini, intercalated ducts or striated ducts, while nerve terminals were demonstrable among adjacent acinar cells or between the acinar cells and the underlying basement lamina. PMID- 7318930 TI - [Two cases of natural infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) (author's transl)]. AB - Two of 80 cynomolgus monkeys, Macaca fascicularis, imported from Indonesia showed weakness, anorexia, paralysis of extremities and dysstasia. The blood test conducted at the time of autopsy proved that the white blood cell count markedly decreased in both cases and the blood urea nitrogen content increased in Case No. 1. In Case No. 2, a high blood sugar value, a low red blood cell count and a low hematocrit value were recognized. Histologic examinations revealed the presence of fragments of a nematode in the subarachnoid space of the cerebrum, granular layer of the cerebellum and gray matter of the cervical spinal cord. The findings of eosinophilic meningitis, necrosis, foreign body giant cells and cellular infiltration predominantly with eosinophils were also noted there. Morphological features of the nematode found in the tissue sections were identical, in all respects, with those described by predecessors who made morphological observations on the cross sections of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of sera from these monkeys demonstrated the presence of band "a", which has been described to be highly specific to human A. cantonensis infection. Based on the above-mentioned evidences, the parasite fragments found in the histological sections from the monkeys were identified as A. cantonensis. The cases of natural infection reported herein represent the first, to our knowledge, in which migration of A. cantonensis larvae in the central nervous system of monkey was demonstrated. The present observation suggests applicability of simian angiostrongyliasis as a model for infections in man. PMID- 7318931 TI - [The sinuatrial node of the avian heart (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative histologic observations were made of the sinuatrial nodes of avian hearts from a short-tailed shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris), a black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), two ducks (Anas platyrhycha domestica), eight Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica), a pigeon (Columba livia domestica), a macaw (Ara macao), three budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and a jungle crow (Corvus macrorhynchos). The node lies between the right atrial myocardium and epicardium at the right caudal region of the orifice of right anterior vena cava, where the right and left sinuatrial valves come close each and fuse with the right atrial wall. The sinuatrial node is well developed in the duck, black-crowned night heron and budgerigar and enters into the both sinuatrial valves and, in the budgerigar, further into the sinus septum. In the duck and black-crowned night heron, the node is composed of two types of cells; the one is atrial muscle-like cells and the other has morphologic characteristics intermediate between atrial muscle fiber and the Purkinje fiber. The node cells of the budgerigar are of the intermediate cells, while the nodal cells in the jungle crow, macaw, short-tailed shearwater, pigeon and Japanese quail are totally atrial muscle-like cells. The nodal cells of these birds are continuous with the adjacent ordinary cardiac muscle fibers and subendocardial Purkinje fibers of the right atrium, but do not reach to the atrioventricular node. There is an extensive network of Purkinje fibers beneath the endocardium and around arteries in both atrial walls, though not as far as to the atrioventricular node, nor to the ventricle. PMID- 7318932 TI - Identification of substrain of Himalayan rabbits produced in Japan. AB - The Himalayan rabbit, Chbb : HM has been bred in Kawanishi for about 10 years. The advantage of this strain of rabbit is its mature body-weight of 2.0--2.2kg. In our labs the following parameters of the Himalayan rabbit have been observed : Conception rate 96%, miscarriages 2.7%, viable offspring 6.1 +/- 2/litter, weaning rate 77--92% and malformation rate 1.3%. PMID- 7318933 TI - Establishment of an albumin-deficient and jaundiced strain of rats. AB - An albumin deficient and jaundiced rat (AJR) strain was established from crosses between Albumin-Deficient rats (NAR) and jaundiced Gunn rats. AJRs have a double homozygous mutant trait (alb/alb, j/j), and systemic jaundice and various neurological signs are observed 5--7 days after birth, kernicterus occurs and they die within three weeks after birth. This strain of rats may serve as a model of human kernicterus and also be useful in elucidating the mechanism of bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 7318934 TI - A comparison of the nutritional evaluation of irradiated and autoclaved diets in germfree rats. AB - The food intake, nitrogen retention, apparent digestibilities and other factors were compared in adult Wistar strain male germfree rats given irradiated or autoclaved CL-2 diets. They were no differences between the rats fed the irradiated and the autoclaved CL-2 diets. PMID- 7318935 TI - [Relationship between the refractive index and specific gravity of the rat urine (author's transl)]. AB - The relationship between the refractive index and specific gravity of urine was studied with specimens from 165 Sprague-Dawley rats, by graphic analysis of the plot of the refractometrically determined index against the specific gravity which was measured with a pycnometer. 1. A linear regression was demonstrated between the refractive index and specific gravity. 2. The nomogram fitted the data of even those samples with high refractive index and specific gravity, irrespective of changes in food or water intake and protein or glucose contents in the urine. 3. The nomogram was in good agreement, in respect of linearity, with the regression line derived from the conversion table of TS meter by the American Optical Corporation and also with the nomogram of the Japanese Society of Clinical Pathology. It approximated more closely to the former than to the latter. PMID- 7318937 TI - [Strains of mice and rats maintained in Japan--a survey in 1979 and 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318936 TI - Carrier state of Pasteurella pneumotropica in mice and rats. AB - Localization of Pasteurella pneumotropica was investigated in the respiratory tract, conjunctiva and vagina of 5-week-old, 10-week-old and retired asymptomatic mice and rats. The highest isolation rate of the organisms was obtained in the pharyngolarynx, showing 85 to 97.5% in carrier mice and 100% in carrier rats. Numbers of the organisms in this site were 10(3-5) and 10(7-8) organisms/g tissue in 4-week-old mice and rats, respectively. Isolation rates in the nasal cavity and trachea of the both animals were not so high as those in the pharyngolarynx, but usually higher than those in the external nares. The organisms were rarely isolated from the lung. Isolation of the organisms from the conjunctiva was common in rats, especially in young ones, but rare in mice. About 30% of carrier mice and 50 to 100% of carrier rats harbored the organisms in their vaginas. PMID- 7318938 TI - [Pathological studies on spontaneous tumors in mice (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence and histopathology of the spontaneous tumors in over 2-year-old ddY strain mice, an outbred widely used in Japan, are described. The incidences of the total spontaneous tumors were 47.5% in males and 66.7% in females in actual numbers. These, however, could be corrected to 64.4% and 80.0%, respectively, when the accidental death are omitted from the results. The incidences of the pulmonary tumors were very high; 39.2% in males and 26.7% in females of the total spontaneous tumors, respectively. Other tumors which showed high incidences were, lymphoid tumors; 17.5% in males and 19.2% in females and mammary tumors; 26.7% exclusively in females. However, no strain-specific tumors were observed which are common in inbred strains such as leukemia in AKR or mammary tumors in C3H strains, partly suggesting broad genetic variation of the strains. Histopathological examination revealed prevailing types of the tumors to be papillary adenoma of pulmonary tumors, simple adenoma of mammary tumors and poorly differentiated lymphosarcoma of lymphatic tissues. PMID- 7318939 TI - Spontaneous pituitary changes and their influence on mammary glands in SD female rats. AB - A total of 153 female virgin Slc: SD rats aged 13 to 24 months were sacrificed for observation of various spontaneous changes in their pituitary glands. Macroscopic changes observed were swelling, congestion, cysts, and grayish white nodules. The incidence of swelling occurring without marked change decreased with age. Usually the swelling was accompanied by congestion in aged animals. Slight to moderate congestion appeared constantly in animals between the ages of 15 to 24 months, while severe congestion (hematoma) increased with age. The cysts and grayish white nodules rarely appeared. Changes observed under the microscope were diffuse proliferation, nodular hyperplasia and tumors (adenoma and adenocarcinoma) of chromophobe cells, cysts in the anterior lobe and hyperplastic pars intermedia. The incidence of diffuse proliferation decreased with age but that of nodular hyperplasia increased in rats over 21 months of age. Both changes seemed to be transitional to tumors. The tumors increased with age. Microscopically, pituitary tumors were found in 6% of macroscopically normal glands as well as in all of the glands with hematoma. All the rats with pituitary tumors had hyperplastic mammary glands, associated mostly with lactation. This suggests that spontaneous pituitary tumors have a hormonal effect on mammary glands. PMID- 7318940 TI - [Hematochemical characteristics of miniature pig Gottingen (miniature pig G) (author's transl)]. AB - The biochemical components, enzymes, and other items from the sera and plasma of normal male and female Gottingen miniature pigs from 3 to 20 months of age were investigated. The data were compared with the normal biochemical values of rhesus monkeys, beagle dogs, and JCL: SD rats. The following characteristics were noted. 1. Activities of serum enzymes were higher and their normal ranges wider than in the other experimental animal sera. 2. Of lipid components measured, total cholesterol and phospholipid showed strikingly lower values than in the monkey and the dog. 3. The serum urea nitrogen levels were lower than in the other experimental animal sera. 4. Serum creatinine and potassium were present at relatively high levels, with wide normal ranges. 5. There was a tendency with advancing age toward lower alkaline phosphatase and higher total protein and creatinine. 6. Leucine aminopeptidase was higher while total cholesterol and phospholipid were lower, in the male than in the female. 7. The electrophoretic patterns of serum protein and lipoprotein differed markedly among the species. PMID- 7318941 TI - [Basic examination on the energization of experimental animal feces by methane fermentation (author's transl)]. AB - Basic experiments of methane fermentation of livestock excreta have been reported by many investigators, yet there has been no report of experiments of methane fermentation of experimental animal feces. We considered that it would be feasible to gasiby experimental animal feces by methane fermentation. In this report, methane gas fermentation of rat feces is studied. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Methane fermentation of rat feces yielded, under the conditions described, 220-4231 of gas per kg of organic matter. 2. Decomposition ratio of BOD removal volume in organic matter was 50-60% when the fermentation condition was optimum. 3. The volume of gas from BOD removal volume in organic matter was 500-600ml/g. 4 Methane gas contents in the gas generated from the feces ranged from about 55-60%. 5. COD removal ratio was above 80%, and BOD removal ratio above 90%. From these data, the authors conclude that under the optimum conditions, described sufficient methane gas can be obtained from rat feces by methane fermentation. PMID- 7318942 TI - [Postnatal development of the heart in the golden hamster (author's transl)]. AB - The postnatal development of the heart was morphometrically followed in growing golden hamsters to obtain basic information on the development of cardiovascular system of the animal. Correlations among the body weight, heart weight, heart width and length, atrial weight, right ventricular weight and left ventricular (inclusive of ventricular septum) weight, and thicknesses of right and left ventricular free walls were examined. A linear correlation was observed consistently between width and length and between body weight and atrial weight throughout the observation period. On the other hand, the results indicated that in the correlations seen between thicknesses of right and left ventricular free walls, body weight and heart weight, body weight and ventricular weight, and right and left ventricular weights, an alteration point existed at 40 to 50 days of age, which coincided with the period of achieving sexual maturity. The data have shown that the various morphometric elements of the heart correlated linearly with the body weight during the early life till 40-50 days of age, and after wards only those concerned with the left ventricular chamber preponderated as the body weight increased. PMID- 7318943 TI - [Clinico-biochemical study on Ishibashi rats (author's transl)]. AB - Ishibashi rats, a mutant strain with congenital spinal malformation discovered by Ishibashi in 1968, are generally regarded as an animal model for a human inborn error of spinal malformation. Biochemical values in serum or plasma of Ishibashi rats were compared with those of Wistar-Imamichi rats, and the following results were obtained: 1) In Ishibashi rat sera, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower than that in sera of controls, and an intestinal type of isozyme was hardly detected. 2) All other serum biochemical parameters examined showed no significant difference between Ishibashi and Wistar-Imamichi rats. 3) The data suggest that Ishibashi rats may serve as an animal model of hypophosphatasia in man. PMID- 7318944 TI - Some evidence for concurrent involvement of the fore- and hindleg muscles in murine muscular dystrophy. AB - Endurance of the forelegs of the dystrophic mouse was found to be significantly less than that of the normal mouse as early as at 3 weeks of age. It decreased progressively with age although the forelegs seemed to function almost normally even after 2 months of age by which time the hindlegs became almost immobile. Thus, histological and biochemical studies to compare the fore- and hindleg muscles of the dystrophic mice were conducted. Morphological abnormalities similar to those observed in the hindleg muscle were also found in foreleg muscles of the young dystrophic mice. Their foreleg and hindleg muscles showed significantly higher hydroxyproline contents than those of the normal mice even at 2 weeks of age when clinical signs of the disease first became manifest in their hindlegs. The present findings appear to be the first evidence for concurrent involvement of the fore- and hindleg muscles in murine muscular dystrophy. This would raise an issue as to why forelegs with abnormal muscles can subserve somewhat normal function, whereas hindlegs with abnormal muscles can subserve somewhat function, whereas hindlegs in these adult dystrophic mice are immobile. This might yield clues to clarify the mechanism underlying the aggravation of the disease. PMID- 7318945 TI - [Abnormal thyroid gland occurred in a colony of Xenopus laevis maintained at Gumma University (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroid hypertrophy of unknown cause occurred in a colony of Xenopus laevis maintained at the Institute of Endocrinology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan. These animals were kept in small aquaria with well water and fed on minced pig liver. An etiologic investigation was made on the thyroid abnormality by assessing its occurrence and histopathologic features and rearing conditions of the animals in comparison with those of the colonies at Tokyo and Sendai. 1) The occurrence of abnormal thyroids was restricted within the colony of Maebashi. In the colonies at Tokyo and Sendai where animals were maintained in conditions similar to those at Maebashi, no such thyroid abnormality was noted. 2) Female animals tended to exhibit a slightly higher incidence of the thyroid hypertrophy than males. 3) Histological characteristics of the abnormal thyroid found in the colony of Xenopus closely resembled those of thyroid adenocarcinoma in man, i. e. occurrence of numerous small vesicles, multi-layered follicle cells, reduced tinctorial reaction and lowered ability to take up radioactive iodine. 4) Ever since feed replacement with pellets for trout fingerling, no individual with thyroid abnormality has been encountered in the colonies of Maebashi, suggesting that the feeding with pig liver might be a potent cause, besides water quality, for the development of abnormality described herein. PMID- 7318947 TI - Radiographic studies on maturation process of secondary ossification centers in long bones of the Japanese white rabbit. AB - The maturation process of the secondary ossification centers of the extremities was radiographically investigated in the Japanese white rabbit of both sexes aged 1 day to 78 weeks. The ossification centers appeared at 1 day of age in the proximal and distal epiphyses of humerus, the head of femur, the distal epiphysis of femur and the proximal epiphysis of tibia, at 1 week of age in the supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, the proximal and distal epiphyses of radius, the proximal and distal epiphyses of ulna, the greater trochanter of femur, the distal epiphysis of tibia and the distal epiphysis of fibula, and at 2 weeks of age in the proximal epiphysis of fibula. The ossification centers developed rapidly from the time of appearance to 8 weeks of age, and gradually thereafter until 32 weeks of age. By 78 weeks of age, the complete fusion with the diaphysis was observed in the supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, the proximal and distal epiphyses of humerus, the head and distal epiphysis of femur. Incomplete fusion, leaving an epiphyseal line, was found in the proximal and distal epiphyses of radius, ulna, tibia and fibula, respectively. PMID- 7318946 TI - [A study on heart weight and electrocardiogram of germfree, ex-germfree and conventional ICR mice (author's transl)]. AB - The heart weight of germfree mice has been reported to be lighter than that of conventional mice. The difference in heart function between these mice, however, has not been well investigated. In the present study, we recorded ECGs of germfree, ex-germfree and conventional mice anesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and weighed the hearts of these animals. On ECGs, there was no significant difference between germfree and conventional mice except QT and PP intervals, which were shorter in male germfree mice than those in male conventional mice. It was found that the heart weight of germfree mice was significantly lighter than that of conventional mice in both sexes. It was concluded that although the heart weight between germfree and conventional mice was different, the heart function evaluated using the ECG was not. PMID- 7318948 TI - [Species differences in drug metabolism - overview from animals to man (author's transl)]. PMID- 7318949 TI - Intracellular potassium activity and cell membrane potential of the isolated human and rabbit lens. PMID- 7318951 TI - Biosynthesis of soluble eye lens proteins in mallard (Anas platyrynchos) as revealed by isoelectric focusing and autoradiography. PMID- 7318950 TI - Biochemical changes associated with selenite-induced cataract in the rat. PMID- 7318952 TI - Biosynthesis of lens glycoproteins. I. Formation of polyprenyl-linked saccharides in lens cell membranes. PMID- 7318955 TI - Ultraviolet-visible slit lamp densitography of the human eye. PMID- 7318953 TI - The dopaminergic cells in the dystrophic (C3H) mouse retina: a histofluorescence study. PMID- 7318956 TI - An objective staging for cortical cataract in vivo aided by pattern-analysing computer. PMID- 7318954 TI - Aldosterone binding in rabbit lens epithelium. PMID- 7318957 TI - Light scattering of normal human lens. II. Age dependence of the light scattering parameters. PMID- 7318958 TI - Normal human lens - the distribution of protein. PMID- 7318959 TI - Human subcapsular cataract - distribution of protein in relation to opacification. PMID- 7318963 TI - Age-determination in the tropical agamid garden lizard, Calotes versicolor (Daudin), based on bone histology. PMID- 7318961 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the retina of some mammals. PMID- 7318960 TI - Changes in lipid distribution in the human lens with the development of cataract. PMID- 7318964 TI - Longevity in spontaneously hypertensive mice. PMID- 7318962 TI - Hydrogen peroxide and human cataract. PMID- 7318965 TI - Methylation of chromosomal proteins and DNA of rat brain and its modulation by estradiol and calcium during aging. PMID- 7318967 TI - Dietary restriction reduces fluorescent age pigment accumulation in mice. PMID- 7318966 TI - Relationship between metabolic rate, lipofuscin accumulation and lysosomal enzyme activity during aging in the adult housefly, Musca domestica. PMID- 7318968 TI - Time course of hormonal response to sexual behavior in aging male rats. PMID- 7318969 TI - Effects of age and sex of host mice on growth and differentiation of teratocarcinoma OTT6050. PMID- 7318971 TI - Influence of aging on the surface area of the small intestine in the rat. PMID- 7318972 TI - Natural killing by spleen cells from W/Wv and Sl/Sld anemic mice. AB - Natural killer cells are mononuclear cells that spontaneously lyse certain tumor cell lines without prior sensitization to the target. In mice, precursors of natural killer cells exist in the bone marrow. Moreover, natural killing is thought to be "marrow-dependent" because irradiation of the marrow in vivo with 89strontium reduces natural killing outside the marrow. We examined natural killing in W/Wv mice, which are congenitally anemic because of a defect in erythropoietic stem cells, and in congenitally anemic Sl/Sld mice, which have a defect in the host environment that prevents effective erythropoiesis. Young (6-8 week) W/Wv mice had reduced levels of natural killing when compared to their normal littermates. The defect in W/Wv mice is discussed in relation to their defects in erythropoiesis. Sl/Sld mice had normal levels of natural killing, demonstrating that the defect in erythropoietic environment does not affect the generation of NK cells. PMID- 7318973 TI - Characteristics of synthesis and distribution of 3H-fucose-containing glycoproteins by marrow stromal cells cocultured with hemopoeitic cells in gelfoam sponges. An electron microscope radioautographic study. AB - Gelfoam sponge cultures of stromal cells, derived from guinea pig marrow-depleted bone fragments, support the growth of myeloid precursors in the absence of exogenous stimulants. EM radioautographic studies were undertaken to identify active synthesis and distribution of 3H-fucose-containing glycoproteins within the 3-D organization of cultured hemopoietic tissue. Labeling of 5-14 day cultures with tritiated fucose for 20 min revealed an intracellular localization of silver grains over the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies of all stromal cells. Cumulative labeling (1-48 h) of similar cultures indicated that (i) silver grains subsequently accumulated in plasma membranes, large cytoplasmic granules and also within lipid droplets, (ii) primitive and myeloid cells were also labeled. Localized extracellular concentrations of silver grains were facilitated by the multiple inter-stromal cell contacts and by the accumulation of fine labeled cytoplasmic processes. Mechanisms whereby stromal cells may actively influence physiochemical changes in the hemopoietic inductive microenvironment are suggested. PMID- 7318974 TI - The state of differentiation of erythroid cells forming clusters in vitro. PMID- 7318970 TI - Efficiency of mating in C57BL/6J female mice as a function of age and previous parity. PMID- 7318975 TI - Characterization of hemopoietic stem cells (CFUc) in cord blood. AB - Some properties of hemopoietic stem cells (CFUc) in human cord blood and peripheral blood of neonates were compared with those in bone marrow, by the method for in vitro growth of colony-forming cells in semisolid agar. The number of CFUc circulating in cord blood was 93.5 +/- 57.8 (mean +/- 1 SD)/10(5) cells, which was slightly less than that of bone marrow. The number of CFUc in peripheral blood decreased promptly following birth. From cord and neonatal blood, most colonies were monocyte/macrophage colonies (60.0 +/- 4.6%), whereas those from bone marrow were largely granulocyte colonies (88.3 +/- 6.2%). The differences of growth curve, colony size, and turnover state of CFUc between cord blood and bone marrow seemed, in part, to result from the dominancy of monocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells in cord blood. The cell cycling rate of CFUc in cord blood was remarkably lower than that in bone marrow. From these results, it seems clear that CFUc in cord blood differ in some aspects from those in bone marrow. However, the precise physiologic and functional significance of CFUc circulating in cord and neonatal blood remains unknown. PMID- 7318977 TI - Radiation sensitivity of pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors (CFUGEMM) derived from human bone marrow. PMID- 7318978 TI - Formation of inhibitor of amino acid incorporation into protein in the phagocytosing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 7318976 TI - The quantitation of the granulocytic/macrophage committed progenitor cell (CFUc) in man and the mouse. AB - A method has been developed to quantitate the morphologically unrecognizable granulocytic/macrophage committed progenitor cell (CFUc). In man this is done by relating CFUc colonies cultured in vitro to marrow normoblast number determined by ferrokinetic measurements. In the mouse total hematopoietic precursors are determined by a radioiron dilution technique and CFUc are quantitated by calculating the percentage of colonies contained in the known number of nucleated cells plated. Like other hematopoietic precursors, CFUc numbers in 14 normal men and 10 normal mice were not significantly different, the mean being 0.85 and 1.4 x 10(7) CFUc/kg body weight, respectively. The validity of these values was substantiated by demonstrating an excellent correlation in the mouse between CFUc/kg body weight and CFUc/femur. In subsequent studies CFUc were quantitated in patients with lung cancer prior to and following aggressive combination chemotherapy when hematopoietic suppression was at a maximum. Compared to a mean value of 39 CFU/10(5) cells plated from chemotherapy the value 10 days later was significantly higher, the mean being 125/10(5) cells. That this reflected a relative change in the proportion of CFUc was suggested by the finding that 10 days after chemotherapy the mean value for CFUc/kg was 1.94 x 10(7) which was not significantly greater than a mean of 1.53 x 10(7) before treatment. These studies illustrate the advantages of expressing CFUc/kg body weight and indicate the usefulness of the approach in the evaluation of CFUc growth in a wide range of physiologic and pathologic conditions. In addition to better comparisons of results obtained in groups of individuals, multiple studies in single persons in whom hematopoiesis is not in a steady state will also be possible. PMID- 7318979 TI - Reversal of in vitro drug induced myeloid suppression by lithium. PMID- 7318980 TI - Metabolic studies of erythropoietin (Ep): I. A reliable micro assay method for Ep in rat plasma using fetal mouse liver cells (FMLC). AB - It is a well recognized problem that sample derived transferrin-bound iron (Tf Fe) interferes with radio-iron incorporation into heme in the in vitro assay of erythropoietin (Ep) using fetal mouse liver cells (FMLC). This paper describes a mathematical procedure to correct for the unknown quantity of "cold" Tf-Fe in a plasma sample, being assayed for Ep in the FMLC. Excellent recovery of Ep activity was obtained with this method of correction, when testing solutions containing Step III sheep Ep with and without human Tf-Fe. The distorted dose response curves, obtained, when testing specimens of rat plasma, showed, after correction, linearity and parallelism to a Step II Ep dose response curve, permitting valid estimation of the potency ratio. Reproducibility of this method was found to be excellent. Accuracy was acceptable with plasma samples containing more than 50 mU Ep/ml. The FMLC and the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay were compared using several batches of rat plasma. Good agreement was found between the results in both assays. As only a small amount of sample is needed (0.2 ml plasma) this method enabled us to estimate EP activity in single rats serially without disturbing their plasma volume significantly. PMID- 7318982 TI - Influence of lithium on proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. AB - We studied the effect of lithium on normal marrow hematopoiesis by determining the numbers of pluripotential (CFUS) and committed stem cells (CFUC, CFUE and BFUE) after in vitro and in vivo exposure to lithium. In the presence of 1 meq/L lithium in vitro, marrow CFUS and CFUC were increased; higher concentrations (greater than or equal to 5 meq/L) were inhibitory. Marrow CFUE and BFUE were decreased at concentrations of lithium greater than or equal to 0.5 meq/L. In vivo (0.5-5.0 meq/L i.p.), lithium produced similar results to those obtained in vitro with striking CFUC enhancement. Serum from these lithium-treated mice contained increased colony stimulating factor (CSF). In the Dexter continuous marrow culture system, lithium stimulated increased CFUC production from the non adherent fraction. These in vitro nd vivo studies document lithium's ability to modulate hematopoiesis by influencing pluripotential and committed stem cell proliferation and differentiation towards granulopoiesis, apparently at the expense of erythropoiesis. Mechanisms of this modulation are discussed. PMID- 7318981 TI - Metabolic studies on erythropoietin (EP): II. The role of liver and kidney in the metabolism of Ep. AB - Half plasma disappearance time (HDT) of endogenous erythropoietin (Ep) was measured in single rats, using an in vitro assay system for EP. In rats treated with the hepatotoxic agent d-Galactosamine-HCl (GalN), a small but significant elevation of HDT was found as compared with control rats (164 and 105 min, respectively). In bilaterally nephrectomized rats mean HDT was significantly elevated: 266 min. Combination of nephrectomy and GalN treatment did not result in a significant further elongation of HDT (mean = 301 min). In experiments using isolated liver perfusion, rat livers (with and without GalN treatment) were shown to be unable to change perfusate Ep titre during 4 h of perfusion. It is concluded that hepatic degradation of Ep in rats is only minimal. The kidney however is important in the catabolism of Ep. PMID- 7318985 TI - Strongyloides ratti: dissociation of the rat's protective immunity into systemic and intestinal components. PMID- 7318983 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: use of antigens from excretions and secretions in immunodiagnosis. PMID- 7318984 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: electrophoretic characterization of strains selected for different levels of infectivity to snails. PMID- 7318986 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: correlation between lipid partition coefficients and the transintegumental uptake of nonelectrolytes. PMID- 7318987 TI - Brachymeria lasus: culture in vitro of a chalcid insect parasite. PMID- 7318988 TI - Trypanosoma congolense: surface glycoproteins of two early bloodstream variants. II. Purification and partial chemical characterization. PMID- 7318990 TI - Evaluation of models for the mechanism of action of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. AB - 3-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid was oxygenated with various complexes of oxygen with Fe2+, superoxide ion, hydroperoxide anion, triplet and singlet oxygen. Oxidation occurred giving varying amounts of the 4-hydroxy derivatives of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, phenol, phenylacetic acid and 4-carboxymethylquinone, but no homogentisic acid. 4-Hydroxyphenylperacetic acid was prepared and shown not to undergo self-oxidation. Its ferrous salt decomposed to 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. It is concluded that the alpha-keto carboxylic function is the site of oxygenation in the enzyme process and that a trioxalanone rather than a peracid intermediate may be implicated. PMID- 7318991 TI - 6-Geranyloxy-3-methyl-1,8-dihydroxyanthrone, a novel antileukemic agent from Psorospermum febrifugum Sprach var. ferrugineum (Hook. fil). PMID- 7318989 TI - Ureido-ethyl-imidazolines active against autochtonous diethylnitrosamine-induced epidermoid, papillary and adenocarcinomatous tumors of the respiratory tract of Syrian hamsters and against human bronchogenic carcinomas in nu/nu mice. AB - The detection of a new class of tumor inhibiting substances is described. Employing a chemical reaction discovered several years ago, a series of imidazolinylureas were prepared. It was found that some compounds of this group were active against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced tumours in hamsters. CGP 15720 A (1-[2-[2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl]-ethyl]-3-(4-carboxy-phenyl)urea. Xb), the most active compound at present, was developed through a series of structural variations. CGP 15720 A inhibits significantly in oral or parenteral treatment with well tolerated doses (10-30 mg/kg) the progressive growth of autochthonous, DENA-induced papillary, epidermoid and adenocarcinomatous tumors of the respiratory system in Syrian hamsters and prolongs significantly the survival. The substance also inhibits significantly the growth of 2 poorly differentiated human epidermoid or anaplastic bronchogenic carcinomas in nu/nu Balb/c mice and prolongs the mean survival time. In these mice, the substance is also active against the rodent ascites tumors Ehrlich carcinoma, CrSa 180 and Yoshida Sa AH 66, although it is only marginally active or inactive against these tumors in normal mice or rats.-In the therapeutic trials, hamsters tolerated the highest dose administered for 4 weeks, 1000 mg/kg p.o., without signs or symptoms of toxicity. PMID- 7318992 TI - Pseudocholinesterase in obesity: hypercaloric diet induced changes in experimental obese mice. AB - Pseudocholinesterase activity is significantly higher in liver and serum, but lower in adipose tissue of genetically obese, diabetic and gold thioglucose treated mice. Similar enzyme changes were also observed in lean mice on a high carbohydrate diet. A marked reduction (40%) in PChE activity occurred in the liver of genetically diabetic mice when starved for 24 h. These observations suggest that pseudocholinesterase induction in the liver and repression in the adipose tissue is affected by excessive caloric intake in obesity. This provides a model to study the biological function of PChE in health and disease. PMID- 7318993 TI - Apparent inhibition of erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in subjects on large dosages of B-6. PMID- 7318996 TI - Effect of exogenous iron on the viability of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri in serum. AB - When Naegleria fowleri (Lee) was incubated in newborn calf and human serum an amebicidal effect was observed. Heat inactivation of both sera resulted in the recovery of viable amebae after incubation in these sera. Exogenous iron added to non-heat inactivated calf serum improved viability slightly but was without effect when added to human serum not heat inactivated. Exogenous iron greatly enhanced growth and/or viability in heat inactivated calf serum. Viability of amebae also was considerably enhanced in human serum which was heat inactivated when pH was lowered in conjunction with iron supplements. PMID- 7318995 TI - Rhodamine isothiocyanate coupled peanut lectin for quantitative studies of D galactosyl receptors of neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 7318998 TI - Low temperature-induced contracture of depolarized smooth muscle and the effects of calcium and multivalent cations. PMID- 7318994 TI - Human albumin synthesis via an albumin precursor in liver tissue slices. AB - A percursor of plasma albumin on man was identified in liver obtained from cadaver renal transplant donors. After 30 incubation with 14C-(U) leucine, most of the labeled immunoreactive albumin was identified as proalbumin, as was evident from its characteristic elution profile on DEAE cellulose 52. After an additional 30 min incubation with unlabeled leucine (60 min total), no precursor form could be identified and the label coeluted with serum albumin. These data strongly suggest that human albumin is initially synthesized in a precursor form and is subsequently transformed into serum albumin. PMID- 7318997 TI - Selective fungitoxicity of cyclohexylamine and related aromatic amines. PMID- 7318999 TI - Is the vasospasm following subarachnoidal hemorrhage an immunoreactive disease? AB - Subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) from an arterial aneurysm is often followed by vasospasm which may lead to severe or even fatal ischemic brain lesions. The cause of the vasospasm is still unknown. In the present study it is shown that patients with SAH and roentgenological and/or clinical vasospasm have a significantly higher frequency (52%) of circulating immune complexes in the blood than patients with SAH without spasm (9%). This finding indicates that the vasospasm following SAH may be elicited via an immunoreaction. PMID- 7319001 TI - Feather position of the pigeon after intrahypothalamic injections of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and carbachol. PMID- 7319002 TI - Conditioning of depressor responses evoked by single volleys in the aortic nerve. PMID- 7319000 TI - A Laser-Doppler-Velocimeter using an optical fiber and its application to local velocity measurement in the coronary artery. PMID- 7319008 TI - Localization of cholesterol in the Golgi apparatus of cardiac muscle cells. PMID- 7319004 TI - Etamsylate as inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis in pregnant human myometrium in vitro. AB - The effects of etamsylate on prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis in microsomes of pregnant human myometrium in vitro have been determined, and compared with those of indomethacin. Both drugs inhibited PG biosynthesis, indomethacin being the more potent inhibitor of the two. Etamsylate inhibited synthesis of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, and thromboxane B2; increasing the concentration of etamsylate increased the inhibition of synthesis. It is suggested that etamsylate has no anti-cyclo-oxygenase activity, but acts by inhibiting the activity of prostacyclin synthetase, endoperoxide reductase, endoperoxide isomerase, and thromboxane synthetase. PMID- 7319009 TI - Neurons with dual axons in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the adult cat lumbosacral spinal cord. PMID- 7319006 TI - Pharmacological studies on a plant lectin, Aloctin A. I. Growth inhibition of mouse methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth A) in ascites form by Aloctin A. PMID- 7319007 TI - Growth inhibition and occurrence of cleft palates due to hypervitaminosis A. AB - DNA synthesis in palatal processes obtained from fetal rats was 36% lower in the presence of excess vitamin A, but vitamin A-exposed maxillary explants showed only a modest decrease. Scanning electron micrographs of fetuses exposed to hypervitaminosis A in utero demonstrated both decreased head size and stunted palatal processes. The results suggest that cleft palates occur in this model system because the palatal processes are more sensitive to the actions of vitamin A than are the surrounding maxillary tissues. PMID- 7319003 TI - Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XXI: Estrogenic activity of a non-cannabinoid constituent. PMID- 7319005 TI - Structure-dependent, selective localization of chlorinated xenobiotics in the cerebellum and other brain structures. PMID- 7319015 TI - Research note: clinical description using the "Family Interaction Summary Format". PMID- 7319012 TI - Anorexia Nervosa: the hospital's role in family treatment. AB - When an anorexia nervosa patient requires hospitalization for her medical condition the treatment team faces the problem of integrating the individual focus of inpatient care with the systems focus of family therapy. In this paper we propose a family-systems model of hospitalization, the aim of which is to facilitate such integration. The model draws on current theories of anorexia nervosa, as well as general concepts from psychodynamic, developmental, and family systems theories. The major hypothesis of the model is that all members of the anorexic family are developmentally arrested in the area of separation individuation. On this assumption, we propose that the entire treatment team (including medical professionals and therapist) needs to function as "parents" to the anorexic family in much the same way that two cotherapists become parental figures in a family therapy. Specifically, the team needs to provide those parenting the responses that facilitate the family's individuation process. PMID- 7319010 TI - Rabbit anti-steroid antisera: a study of titers and specificities over a 22-week period. PMID- 7319014 TI - A methodological study of a measure of family cohesion. AB - Olson, Bell, and Portner (11) have recently developed a measure of family adaptability and cohesion (The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales). This study is a critical evaluation of the construction of the cohesion subscale of this instrument. Included is a partial replication of the original work of Olson et al. (11). Some problems with this subscale and its construction are pointed out, and a subset of the original items is presented and discussed. Some implications of these results for the conceptualization of the nature of family cohesion are also discussed. PMID- 7319016 TI - Family of origin: the view from the parents' side. AB - Families in which there is increased marital conflict after a relatively stable long-term marriage are a puzzle to the clinician. The author's thesis, based on experience with a group of middle-aged couples whose children's differentiation occurred after having been in individual therapy themselves, is that the differentiated child carried special psychic functions for one parent. The differentiation was experienced as tantamount to ego loss, and that parent's attempt to deal with the inner conflict resulted in a marital crisis. PMID- 7319011 TI - Altered circadian rhythm of catecholamines in patients with apallic syndrome. AB - Circadian rhythms of catecholamines were investigated in 4 healthy subjects and in 6 patients suffering from an apallic syndrome. The clinical picture of this syndrome is characterized by disturbed consciousness (coma vigile), by suspension of the sleeping and waking rhythm, by lack of emotional reactions and by appearance of primitive motor patterns. 5 of the 6 apallic patients showed an abolished rhythmicity compared with the control group. These results were interpreted as an indication that endogenous, centrally controlled processes are the cause of circadian rhythms. PMID- 7319013 TI - A theory-based empirical classification of family problem-solving behavior. AB - A method for classifying family interaction behavior is presented that underlies several related studies of variation in families' modes of interpreting and interacting with the social environment. Evidence is presented for the existence of three dimensions of family problem-solving behavior that: (a) are consistent with theory of variation in families' orientations to the environment; (b) are useful for interpreting differences within nonclinical as well as clinical samples of families; and (c) have been shown, with current samples' ranges, to be essentially independent of surface markers of family variation and accumulated skills of family members. PMID- 7319018 TI - "Pram lamentis" or she's a young thing and cannot leave her mother. PMID- 7319020 TI - [Comparative evaluation of beta-benzalbutyramide and clofibrate in the short-term treatment of hyperlipidemic patients]. PMID- 7319017 TI - Challenges and promises of training women as family systems therapists. AB - The structural/strategic family therapy model has drawn increasing numbers of women practitioners attracted not only by its effectiveness but by the opportunity to function in an active, orchestrative, flexible role. Traditional sex-role training, family and supervisor expectations, and patriarchal institutional structures pose particular challenges to the female family therapist and trainee. This paper explores several critical problem areas for women learning to function in this role, including the expression of authority, countertransference, sexual politics of supervision, and boundary issues. Particular content areas of focus for didactic training and common sex-role difficulties in the supervision process are delineated. The discussion underscores the need for assessment and intervention skills not only in small family systems but in larger institutional structures as well in order to enhance the professional development and effectiveness of women in the family therapy field at all levels. PMID- 7319021 TI - [Protective effect of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid on the photodegradation of riboflavin]. PMID- 7319022 TI - [3-Methylthio-, 3-(amino-substituted)ethylthio-, 3-carboxymethylthio-, 3,3' (dithiobis)-5-aryl-4H(R)-1,2,4-triazoles and 2-aminomethyl-N-substituted derivatives of 5-aryl-4H(R)-1,2,4-triazolin-3-thione: synthesis and biological activity]. AB - Following previous research which showed the antibacterial and antimycotic activity of triazolin-3-thiones (II), a series of compounds has been prepared and tested to correlate and clarify the structure-activity relationships. The compounds were of the type represented in (II) where (R = H, CH3 or C6H5) and were in detail: 3-methylthiotriazoles (III-VIII), 3-(amino substituted)ethylthiotriazolines (IX-XXVI), 3-carboxymethylthiotriazolines (XXVII XXX), 3,3'dithiobistriazolines (XXXI-XXXVI) and 2-amino-methyl-N-substituted triazolin-3-thiones (XLVIII-LXVI). The 2-aminooxadiazoles (XXXVII-XLII), obtained in place of the expected 1-aroyl-S-methylisothiosemicarbazides (II a) from the reaction between thiosemicarbazides (I) (R = H; CH3, C6H5) and methyl iodide, are also described. PMID- 7319019 TI - [Effect of cimetidine on acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat]. PMID- 7319023 TI - [Derivatives of 4-nitroso-aminopyrazole as antifungal agents]. AB - The synthesis of 4-nitroso-5-amminopyrazoles and of 4-nitroso-5-pyrazolylurethans and -ureas is described. The chemicals were tested for antifungal activity against Erysiphe graminis, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Puccinia recondita, Septoria apii and Rhizoctonia solani. A number of the described compounds showed some antifungal activity. PMID- 7319028 TI - In vitro synthesis and degradation of collagen by chick chondrocytes and fibroblasts. PMID- 7319025 TI - [Imidazo(1,2a)pyridines with antiulcer activity]. PMID- 7319027 TI - Retinol and retinoic acid modulate the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in kidney cell culture. PMID- 7319026 TI - Rapid modulation of acetylcholine receptor synthesis. PMID- 7319024 TI - [Synthesis and antimycotic activity of derivatives of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole (3,2a) pyrimidone]. AB - As a continuation of previous research designed to obtain derivatives of 1,3,4 thiadiazole of pharmacological interest, some derivatives of 1,3,4 thiadiazole[3,2-alpha]pyrimidin-5-one and isomeric 7-one were prepared. The fungistatic activity of the products was tested in vitro against the following: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans e Trichophyton rubrum. No relevant antifungal activity was observed for any of the compounds examined. PMID- 7319029 TI - Gene deletion and partial deficiency of the glutathione S-transferase (ligandin) system in man. PMID- 7319032 TI - The carbohydrate moiety in hemoglobin A1C is present in the ring form. PMID- 7319033 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of chromatin: nuclease-sensitive chromatin shows preferential labeling of histone H1. PMID- 7319030 TI - Use of a fluorescent sterol to probe the transbilayer distribution of sterols in biological membranes. PMID- 7319036 TI - ATP depletion increases Ca2+ uptake by synaptosomes. PMID- 7319037 TI - Astroglial filament and fibroblast intermediate filament proteins in cytoskeletal preparations from spinal cord and optic nerve. PMID- 7319035 TI - The differential detergent solubilization of adenylate cyclase and polypeptides ADP-ribosylated with cholera toxin suggests an excess of G/F protein relative to adenylate cyclase in rat pancreatic plasma membranes. PMID- 7319031 TI - The pressure dependence of the histidine ring protonation constant studied by 1H HR-NMR. PMID- 7319034 TI - Consequences of binding equilibrium constant and intrinsic activity heterogeneity on ligand biological activity. PMID- 7319038 TI - Mild alkaline borohydride treatment liberates N-acetylglucosamine linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins. PMID- 7319043 TI - Electrophoresis of ligands over a surface coated with a binding receptor. A novel methodological principle for electroimmunoassays. PMID- 7319041 TI - The polyribosomal poly(A)-binding protein is highly conserved in vertebrate species. Comparison in duck, mouse and rabbit. PMID- 7319044 TI - Absence of H1 degree from quiescent chicken cells. PMID- 7319045 TI - The occurrence of sperm in isohistones H2B in single sea urchins. PMID- 7319040 TI - Phospholipid distribution in human En(a-) red cell membranes which lack the major sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. PMID- 7319046 TI - Translation of mitochondrial proteins in digitonin-treated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 7319042 TI - Primate placental alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7319047 TI - Tumour induction of host leucine starvation. PMID- 7319048 TI - Amino acid sequences of the cardiac L-2A, L-2B and gizzard 17 000-Mr light chains of chicken muscle myosin. PMID- 7319049 TI - Purification of high-Mr microtubule proteins MAP1 and MAP2. PMID- 7319039 TI - Biochemical characterization of murine bone marrow GP71. PMID- 7319050 TI - Microtubule-associated protein MAP1 promotes microtubule assembly in vitro. PMID- 7319053 TI - G-actin-tubulin interaction. PMID- 7319052 TI - The deacylation of rat platelet phospholipids during thrombin-induced aggregation studied by a fluorescence method. PMID- 7319051 TI - Mechanism of foetal wastage following immunoneutralisation of riboflavin carrier protein in the pregnant rat. PMID- 7319056 TI - On the oxygen consumption of intact vessel wall segments and intima-media preparations of the rabbit carotid artery. PMID- 7319055 TI - Effect of diethylpyrocarbonate on pH-driven monoamine uptake by chromaffin granule ghosts. PMID- 7319057 TI - Structural studies of a new hemoglobin: HbJ lens, beta 13(A10) Ala leads to Asp. PMID- 7319054 TI - Syndyphalin-33, a synthetic tripeptide alkylamide with prolonged analgesic activity. PMID- 7319059 TI - Complete inhibition of electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome b by the combined action of antimycin and myxothiazol. PMID- 7319058 TI - Erythrocyte membrane abnormalities in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of the Mediterranean and A-types. PMID- 7319060 TI - Bis-actinomycin D: a new synthetic sequence-specific ligand. PMID- 7319063 TI - 1H NMR study of the binding of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to human oxyhemoglobin A in intact red cells. PMID- 7319061 TI - Sequencing of short RNA on oligomers by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 7319062 TI - Invariant adenosine residues at stabilize tRNA D stems. PMID- 7319065 TI - Filamin, a high relative molecular mass actin-binding protein from smooth muscles, promotes actin polymerization. PMID- 7319064 TI - Interaction of two fractions of heart lipoprotein lipase with natural and synthetic substrates. PMID- 7319066 TI - [Cytologic characteristics of tissue cultures of the brains of newborn rats]. PMID- 7319069 TI - [Effect of small doses of antihepatocytotoxic serum on hepatocyte nucleus size in the presence of carbon tetrachloride lesions of the liver]. PMID- 7319068 TI - [Endocrine function of the thymus in atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7319067 TI - [Optical and electron microscopic study of lymph nodes at various times during the development of an immune response]. PMID- 7319070 TI - [Features of exertional hypoxia]. PMID- 7319073 TI - [Effect of continuous lighting on the development of the genital system in female rats]. PMID- 7319076 TI - [Changes in enterocyte mitochondrial pyruvate and succinate dehydrogenase during glucose absorption in the jejunum]. PMID- 7319075 TI - [Temperature and electrical responses of brain structures related to the feeding center during intense, protracted digestive system activity]. PMID- 7319072 TI - [State of the air-blood barrier during hyperoxia]. PMID- 7319080 TI - [Effect of thyroid hormones on various indices of water-electrolyte and kidney function in rats]. PMID- 7319074 TI - [Changes in catecholamine concentration and myocardial contractility in focal cytotoxic lesions of the heart]. PMID- 7319079 TI - [Various features of the thermal adaptation of small laboratory animals]. PMID- 7319078 TI - [Liver and skeletal muscle tissue respiration in pigs at various stages of ontogenesis]. PMID- 7319085 TI - [Method of calculating the activity of the hemostatic factor in vessel walls]. PMID- 7319083 TI - [Method of bloodless measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood]. PMID- 7319084 TI - [Method of bloodless perfusion of isolated rat livers]. PMID- 7319081 TI - [Antibody concentration in tracheal extracts, lung extracts, and serum of mice following intratracheal and intraperitoneal immunization]. PMID- 7319071 TI - [Oxygen tension in various abdominal viscera of white rats exposed to normo- and hyperbaric oxygen]. PMID- 7319087 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the visual cortex and electroretinogram in rabbits during extreme photic stimulation of different lateralization]. PMID- 7319086 TI - [Evoked responses in the projection zone of the cerebral cortex in cats in response to stimulation and destruction of the putamen]. PMID- 7319082 TI - [Temporal parameter modification in the methodology of audio-visual conflict]. PMID- 7319090 TI - [Effect of various functional states on the activity of cerebral alkaline ribonuclease and its protein inhibitor]. PMID- 7319089 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the respiration of rat cerebral cortex slices in media containing pyruvic or beta-hydroxybutyric acid]. PMID- 7319077 TI - [Oxygen tension of the anterior pituitary in normal dogs and following disruption of vascular drainage]. PMID- 7319088 TI - [Effect of early experience on adrenocortical activity and higher nervous activity in the white rat]. PMID- 7319091 TI - [Self-stimulation reaction in cats in a nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere under increased pressure]. PMID- 7319092 TI - [Changes in intraocular pressure following local injection of catecholamines into the hypothalamus]. PMID- 7319093 TI - [Electrical responses of the red nucleus to acoustic stimulation]. AB - Letency of evoked potentials (EPs) recorded in the anesthetized cat's magnocellular part of red nucleus varied from 3.5 to 4.5 msec on binuaural and contralateral stimulations. In ipsilateral stimulation, latency of EPs varied from 6 to 10.5 msec. EPs of the parvocellular part of the red nucleus were of two types: EP of the first type had latency of 4-5 msec, of the second type -6.5-10.5 msec on binaural and contralateral stimulations. In ipsilateral stimulation EP of the first type occurred with latency of 6-9 msec, those of the second -8.5-14 msec. Both latency and amplitude of the responses depended on intensity of the auditory stimulation. Possible ways of transmission of auditory information to red nucleus are discussed. PMID- 7319094 TI - [Effect of electric stimulation of the stellate ganglion and inclusion of the adrenals on catecholamine concentration in the isolated heart]. PMID- 7319095 TI - [Synaptic effects in the endings of individual primary afferent fibers mono- and polysynaptically connected to spinal motor neurons]. PMID- 7319096 TI - [Habituation of arterial pressure and heart rate during repeated stimulation of afferent visceral nerves]. PMID- 7319097 TI - [Biomechanics of the tonus of the abdominal aorta in rabbits]. PMID- 7319099 TI - [Device for photometric recording of guinea pig iris responses in vitro]. PMID- 7319098 TI - [Concentration of plasma proteins in the subcutaneous connective tissue of the extremities in the dog]. PMID- 7319100 TI - [Electrophysiologic study of cat urinary bladder ganglia in a special thermostatically controlled chamber]. PMID- 7319101 TI - [The effects of various anaesthetics on rat vasopressin release (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319102 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and lynestrenol studied by HPLC (author's transl)]. AB - The concentration of norethindrone in plasma samples from subjects receiving norethindrone (norethisterone) and lynestrenol orally was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Norethindrone is a synthetic gestagen widely used in contraceptive formulations, and lynestrenol is also a synthetic gestagen which is metabolized to norethindrone in humans. But the evaluation of plasma norethindrone levels in subjects receiving lynestrenol has not yet been reported. After the administration of norethindrone, the peak level of norethindrone in the plasma was obtained within 2h, and the peak concentration in the plasma was about 3.5 ng/ml/mg norethindrone. During a period of 2-6hs after the administration of norethindrone, the half life of norethindrone in the plasma was approximately 1.8h, and during the period of 6-24hs, half life was variable. On the other hand, after the administration of lynestrenol, the peak level of norethindrone in the plasma was obtained within 4h, and the peak concentration of norethindrone was about 1.9 ng/ml/mg lynestrenol. During a period of 4-12hs, the half life of norethindrone was about 2.5h. The peak of the norethindrone level after the administration of lynestrenol was lower and appeared later than that after the administration of the same dose of norethindrone. Norethindrone in plasma in subjects receiving lynestrenol could be measured for a longer period than in those receiving the same dose of norethindrone. These results suggest that lynestrenol is stored in fat tissue and is slowly metabolized to norethindrone. PMID- 7319103 TI - [Separation of free and bound radiolabeled antigen using protein A-sepharose CL 4B in hCG radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - Protein A isolated from Staphylococcus aureus can bind the Fc portion of IgG of several species. We used Protein A coupled to Sepharose CL-4B (Protein A-S) for the separation of antibody-bound and free radiolabeled hCG in the radioimmunoassay, and the results were compared to the double antibody method. One gram of Protein A-S containing 7 mg of Protein A was dissolved in 17.5 ml of 1/15M phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4. Two hundred fifty microliters of this suspension were added to the assay tubes 24 hours after mixing 125I-hCG, anti-hCG and hCG standards or serum samples. After further incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature, the tubes were centrifuged and the radioactivity in the precipitates was measured by a gamma spectrometer. The standard curve obtained by the Protein A-S method was virtually identical to that obtained using the double antibody method. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation in the hCG radioimmunoassay using the Protein A-S method ranged from 6.6 to 8.2% and from 7.2 to 11.9% respectively, which were close to those obtained by the double antibody method. IgG in serum inhibited the binding of Protein A-S to anti-hCG, and thus it was necessary to dilute the samples more than one-hundred fold. Under these conditions a good correlation exists in the serum hCG levels determined by either the Protein A-S method or the double antibody method. Thus, Protein A-S permitted the rapid separation of antibody-bound and free radiolabeled hCG in the radioimmunoassay and could be substituted for the second antibody. PMID- 7319104 TI - Management of hand injuries. PMID- 7319105 TI - Endocytosis by echinoid phagocytes in vitro. II. Mechanisms of endocytosis. PMID- 7319106 TI - Inducible hemolytic activity in Mercenaria mercenaria hemolymph. PMID- 7319107 TI - Phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function. XI. Secretory immunoglobulins in the cutaneous mucus of the sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus. PMID- 7319108 TI - Preliminary studies on the ontogeny of the melano-macrophages of teleost haemopoietic tissues and age-related changes. PMID- 7319109 TI - Evolution of the major histocompatibility complex. I. Survival of autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic red blood cells in the lizard tiliqua rugosa. PMID- 7319110 TI - Secretory cells in the medulla of the bursal follicle: the small lymphocyte-like cells are precursors of the secretory cells. PMID- 7319111 TI - Isolation of a sialic acid-specific lobster lectin (LAg1) by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-colominic acid beads. PMID- 7319112 TI - Lymphoid organs of teleost fist. II. Ultrastructure of renal lymphoid tissue of Rutilus rutilus and Gobio gobio. PMID- 7319113 TI - Electron microscopy of the natural IgM-like hemagglutinin of the ratfish (Callorhynchus callorhynchus). PMID- 7319114 TI - The risk of pronounced hyperkalaemia after arginine infusion in the diabetic subject. AB - Following previous work showing that i.v. arginine induces a fall in blood phosphorus and an increase in blood potassium in normal subjects, investigation of the mechanism underlying these metabolic changes was extended to a group of 14 insulin-dependent diabetics and a further 6 normal volunteers. In the diabetics, arginine (0.5 g/kg body weight) in 30 min caused a slight, but significant fall in blood phosphorus (delta = -0.40 +/- 0.04 mg/ml p less than 0.01). This was well below the fall noted in the normal subjects, which, as demonstrated in the earlier study, is to a great extent mediated by insulin. The increase in blood potassium was much more marked than in the normal subjects (delta = + 1.42 +/- 0.15 mEq /l; p less than 0.001) and rose to pathological levels (5.6 to 6.5. mEg/l) in 9 out of 14 patients. There were no significant changes in blood pH, plasma osmolality, or plasma aldosterone. Inhibition of the glucagon response to arginine by means of a priming dose of 250 micrograms somatostatin, followed by infusion of 1,500 micrograms/hr, did not abolish the rise in blood potassium. These findings indicate that insulin protect against arginine-induced hyperkalaemia and that this metabolic alteration does not depend on glucagon, acidosis, enhance plasma osmolality, nor the suppression of aldosterone secretion. Persons with low insulin secretion due, for example, to stress or diabetes, run the risk of pathological hyperkalaemia if subjected to i.v. infusion of arginine. PMID- 7319115 TI - Double screening test at 8th and 12th hour of overnight fasting for a better classification of idiopathic hyperlipidemias. Large scale study of 505 tests. AB - Total blood cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and lipoprotein electrophoresis have been studied 8 and 12 hours after a standard meal. In controls and in familial hypercholesterolemia, plasma triglycerides were normal at 8th and 12th hour of fasting. In mixed hyperlipidemia, as in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, plasma triglycerides were abnormally high at the 8th hour of fasting. Difference of 8th-12th hour triglycerides levels was greater in these two groups than in controls and in familial hypercholesterolemia. These results suggest than the 8th jour value will rectify a mistaken classification or detect a latent hyperlipidemia. PMID- 7319116 TI - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in the treatment of juvenile-onset diabetes. AB - Control of glycemia by means of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was examined in two groups of diabetic patients. In the first group of five totally insulin-dependent diabetics, the glycemic profile was compared in hospital during optimized conventional insulin therapy and CSII. A second group of five recently diagnosed diabetic patients was treated for periods up to 70 days with CSII. Two insulin infusion systems were used: (1) a commercially available infusion pump and (2) a specially developed device, permitting a more flexible infusion rate and including an audible warning of malfunction. In the first group the mean plasma glucose levels decreased significantly under CSII (202 +/- 18 mg/dl vs 151 +/- 18 mg/dl; p less than 0.05; mean +/- SEM) although the M value and the MAGE index were similar during CSII and the optimized conventional therapy. In the second group of subjects, improved diabetic control, as assessed by the mean blood glucose level (135 +/- 18 mg/dl), and M value and the MAGE index, was rapidly achieved by CSII in all patients. Insulin requirements fell to zero in two of the three patients who maintained CSII at home for 60 and 70 days. It is concluded that CSII permits blood glucose control at least as good as optimized conventional treatment in totally insulin-dependent diabetics in hospital as well as in newly diagnosed diabetics. PMID- 7319117 TI - [Effect of exercise on serum lipoproteins in 270 healthy men (author's transl)]. AB - A group of two hundred seventy healthy patients aged 20 +/- 2 years endured a progressive physical program during eleven days. The caloric expense was an amount of 4,500 kcal for a ration of 4,200 kcal (+ 33%). When we compared the results of the start and end of this procedure, we found a high loss of weight (68,46 kg instead of 69,34, p less than 0,001), a total cholesterol reduction (4,33 mmol/l instead of 4,75, p less than 0,001), decrease of LDL-cholesterol (2,48 mmol/l instead of 3,15) and of triglycerides (1, 07 mmol/l instead of 0,81, p less than 0,0001); a raise of HDL cholesterol (1,06 to 1,11 mmol/l, p less than 0,01). PMID- 7319118 TI - Sarcomere formation in dystrophic skeletal muscle. AB - Early aspects of in vivo sarcomere organization were studied using normal and dystrophic New Hampshire chick embryos. Brachial somites 17-22 were removed from stages 16 through 28 embryos, processed for electron microscopy, and analyzed. Comparisons of normal and dystrophic material disclosed that thick filaments appeared later in dystrophic myotomal cells. This was correlated with a similar delay in the appearance of long polyribosomes. By stage 28, normal myotomal cells contained well-defined sarcomeres, whereas dystrophic sarcomeres were frequently unorganized, with myofilaments in poor longitudinal alignment. Periodic tubules were poorly developed or lacking. PMID- 7319119 TI - Distribution of nuclear size and DNA content in serial liver biopsies of rats treated with N-nitrosomorpholine, phenobarbital and butylated hydroxytoluene. AB - Nuclear size distribution and DNA content distribution were determined in liver biopsies of rats using an electronic particle counter and an impulse cytophotometer, respectively. Nuclear size distribution and DNA content distribution were found to be highly correlated regardless whether peak areas or peak heights of the histograms were compared. Treatment with the hepatocarcinogen NNM caused a dose-dependent increase in octoploid nuclei and a shift of the 2 n : 4 n ratio in favor of the diploid nuclei. Treatment with Pb and BHT had minor effects on nuclear size and DNA content distribution. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy procedure for the evaluation of liver changes induced by chemical substances. PMID- 7319120 TI - Involvement of arginine residue in the phosphate binding site of human placental alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 7319121 TI - AMP-deaminase from human skeletal muscle. subunit structure, amino-acid composition and metal content of the homogenous enzyme. PMID- 7319122 TI - Separation and properties of two enzyme forms of beta-glucuronidase from the mollusc Helicella ericetorum. PMID- 7319123 TI - Kinetic analysis of the fibrin monomers aggregation: calculation of the fibrinogen-fibrin equilibrium constant. PMID- 7319124 TI - Fluorescence studies on the interaction of muscle M-line proteins, creatine kinase and the 165,000 dalton component, with each other and with myosin and myosin subfragments. PMID- 7319125 TI - Nonhistone chromosomal proteins from gibberellic acid treated maize and pea plants, and their effect on transcription in vitro. PMID- 7319126 TI - Differences in cytosol factors in liver and hepatomas revealed by real or apparent effects on the incorporation of [3H] thymidine. PMID- 7319127 TI - Heterogeneity of nucleosomes upon dissociation with salts. PMID- 7319128 TI - Breast-feeding, fertility, and family planning. PMID- 7319129 TI - Quantitative thermal imaging to assess inositol nicotinate treatment for Raynaud's syndrome. PMID- 7319130 TI - Post-marketing surveillance: drug epidemiology. AB - A description of the need for and appropriateness of a multi-component application of epidemiological methods to the post-marketing evaluation of drugs is presented. There is a need for the development of the art and science of Drug Epidemiology. The large number of drugs introduced over the last 40 years and the number of interventions constitute an issue of public health interest. It is appropriate that scientifically sound information be collected about medications. There has been considerable discussion about the methods to be used in any such systematic approach. The choice of method is obviously dependent upon the questions to be addressed and the functions to be satisfied. The proposal is presented for the appropriate content functions of post-marketing drug evaluation, and a description of some and currently employed approaches show how they differentially satisfy the functions. It is concluded that there is a need for the development and application of multiple complementary methods to satisfy the requirements of a meaningful system for post-marketing drug evaluation. PMID- 7319131 TI - Efficacy and tolerance of betamethasone dipropionate propylene glycol for resistant psoriasis and other resistant steroid-responsive dermatoses. AB - Betamethasone dipropionate, 0.05%, in a propylene glycol ointment vehicle (Diprolene Ointment) was administered to forty-seven patients with resistant psoriasis or other resistant steroid-responsive dermatoses in a 2 week open study. The efficacy and tolerance of this new topical corticosteroid preparation were evaluated. Response was rapid, as illustrated by the sharp decrease in the severity of signs and symptoms. All patients improved. Lesions cleared in 25.5% of cases (twelve patients), showed marked improvement in 66% (thirty-one patients) and showed moderate improvement in 8.5% (four patients). Six patients developed folliculitis which did not necessitate discontinuation of Diprolene therapy. No changes in adrenal function were detected. PMID- 7319132 TI - Rimactan parenteral formulation in clinical use. PMID- 7319133 TI - The bioavailability of erythromycin stearate versus enteric-coated erythromycin base when taken immediately before and after food. AB - 1. Erythromycin plasma concentrations were determined in twenty subjects after a single dose, immediately before food, of erythromycin, 500 mg. as: (1) erythromycin stearate (Erythrocin, 500 mg, ovaloid tablets), and (2) erythromycin base (Eryc, 250 mg, capsules containing enteric-coated pellets). 2. Plasma concentrations were again determined in eighteen of the original subjects with the same dose given immediately after food. 3. Maximum Plasma Concentrations (mcg/ml) (See formula in text) 4. Erythromycin stearate was more bioavailable than erythromycin base when administered immediately before food. The preparations were bioequivalent when given immediately after food. PMID- 7319134 TI - Sublingual buprenorphine versus oral dihydrocodeine in post-operative pain. AB - The effect of sublingual buprenorphine (0.4 mg) was compared with that of oral dihydrocodeine (60 mg) in patients experiencing post-operative pain following general surgery. Pain relief was significantly greater for buprenorphine than for dihydrocodeine, based on both peak effect and total effect. Both treatments were effective from 30 minutes. There was evidence that buprenorphine and a slightly slower onset of action, but a distinctly longer duration of action, than dihydrocodeine. Unwanted effects were similar for both treatments. PMID- 7319135 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of 400 mg bezafibrate after a single oral administration of a new slow-release preparation and the currently available commercial form. AB - Bezafibrate is a new lipid-lowering agent with a more pronounced pharmacological effect, a different metabolism and a much shorter apparent half-life than clofibrate. The serum concentration curves and the urinary excretion were determined in seventeen healthy volunteers after administration of 400 mg of a new slow-release preparation. The results were compared with those of a similar experiment in twenty healthy volunteers who received 400 mg as a single dose in the form of 2 tablets of Cedur, which is the currently marketed form in Germany (each tablet contains 200 mg bezafibrate). The areas under the serum concentration curves were not statistically significantly different (median of 31.3 mg . h/l for the slow-release and of 39.4 mg . h/l for the marketed preparation). Renal clearance differed only within the margin of biological variation. It can be assumed that the relative biological availability of both preparations is similar. In none of the volunteers were subjective or objective side-effects observed. PMID- 7319136 TI - Surface ultrastructure and functional histology of the uterine cervix. PMID- 7319138 TI - Management of cerebral palsy. PMID- 7319137 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of the cervical factor of infertility. PMID- 7319139 TI - Early recognition of infants at high risk for cerebral palsy: examination at age four months. AB - More than 32,000 children in a prenatally-defined cohort were examined four months after birth, and were re-examined at the age of seven years to determine the presence of cerebral palsy. Observations from the examination at four months were investigated as predictors of cerebral palsy, and the most reliable individual sign was increased muscle tone in neck, arms, legs or trunk. On completion of the physical examination at four months, the neurological status of each infant was assessed. Of the children considered to be normal, one in 1000 had cerebral palsy by the age of seven years, compared with one in 100 of those thought to be suspect. Of the children who had been definitely neurologically abnormal at four months, one in seven had disabling cerebral palsy by early school-age. The predictive power of abnormal physical findings increased with the number of abnormal findings with failure to meet motor milestones. Four-month-old infants who passed all milestone measures had a very low rate of later cerebral palsy, even if they had had abnormal physical findings. Examination of four-month old infants permits the clinician to recognize children at widely different levels of risk of chronic motor handicap. PMID- 7319140 TI - Functional evaluation of Rolfing in cerebral palsy. AB - Rolfing is a technique which involves the use of pressure on areas of the body in which muscle tendons adhere to each other rather than sliding over one another in the normal way. In this study, a series of 10 patients with mild, moderate or severe cerebral palsy underwent Rolfing Treatment, and the results were evaluated. Mildly impaired patients made gains in velocity, stride length and cadence; the moderately impaired group made only minor gains in velocity; and the severely impaired did not improve by any of the criteria used in this study. Muscle strength and electromyography were not altered appreciably in any of the patients. While the effects of treatment on range of motion were highly variable, increased muscle tightness in the hip and knee flexors, hip internal rotators, hip adductors and plantar flexors was noted. These results indicate that Rolfing can lead to improved performance in mildly affected patients because they possess the neurological capacity to make use of increased tissue mobility, and thus avoid contractures. However, the increased muscle tightness which can occur probably outweighs any benefit which moderately or severely impaired patients may derive from the treatment. PMID- 7319141 TI - Music as a feedback mechanism for teaching head control to severely handicapped children: a pilot study. AB - Five profoundly mentally retarded cerebral-palsied children were studied in order to determine the effectiveness of music as a biofeedback mechanism in the training of head control. The method used a Head Position Trainer and Time Event Counter, developed at the Ontario Crippled Children's Centre in Toronto. Improvement was obtained in three of the five children in their ability to control their head movements when music was used as the biofeedback stimulus. However, these results should be treated cautiously because the sample was small and the training period was brief. PMID- 7319142 TI - Psychiatric disorders in children with earlier infantile spasms. AB - In order to evaluate the occurrence of psychiatric disorder following infantile spasms, a long-term follow-up study (between three and 19 years) was made of 192 children in Finland. Psychiatric disorders were found in 53 of the children. 24 had infantile autism (transient in 14 cases), 16 of whom were also hyperkinetic, as were an additional 29 cases from the whole group. Considerable muscular hypotonia was frequently combined with infantile autism, but both tended to decrease with age. Autistic children often had psychomotor epilepsy and temporal lobe abnormalities, which suggests that organic lesions with a specific localization may be a pathophysiological basis for autism. In addition, the hyperkinetic children had more focal temporal abnormalities in their EEGs than did the children without psychiatric disorders. PMID- 7319143 TI - The gait of hypotonic schizophrenic children. AB - The gait of seven hypotonic schizophrenic children aged between five and eight years was compared with that of seven normal children aged between seven and eight years. Electromyographic studies revealed that in schizophrenic children the tibialis anterior was 'on' during a significantly smaller proportion of the stance phase than in the age-matched controls, and that the quadriceps muscle was 'on' during a significantly smaller proportion of the swing phase than in the controls. In addition, the gait of the schizophrenic children tended to be broad based and slow, consisting of smaller steps in a longer pace period. In general, the gait of the schizophrenic children resembled that of younger, inexperienced walkers. PMID- 7319145 TI - Cerebral palsy and newborn care. III: Estimated prevalence rates of cerebral palsy under differing rates of mortality and impairment of low-birthweight infants. AB - To maintain a stable over-all prevalence of handicap, the rate of handicap among survivors must decline in parallel to the decline in mortality among live births. The 24 per cent decline in mortality among low-birthweight infants in New York City between 1962 and 1976 requires a 35 to 39 per cent decline in the rate of neurological impairment among low-birthweight survivors simply to avoid the production of an increased number of handicapped children in the population as a whole. Such evidence as we have suggests that the declining morbidity may not be keeping pace with the recent declines in mortality: thus, although more healthy survivors will result from newborn intensive care, a modest increase in the prevalence of handicap may also ensue. PMID- 7319146 TI - Virus infections of the central nervous system in children with primary immune deficiency disorders. PMID- 7319144 TI - Behavioral correlates in the happy puppet syndrome: a characteristic profile? AB - Nine children with the "happy puppet" syndrome are presented here and 19 previously reported cases are reviewed. A characteristic psychological profile is suggested by the children's "unfocused" activities and inconsistent responsiveness to their surroundings. Behavioral characteristics are atypical for mental age and do not appear to represent unusual seizure equivalents. Recognition of such non-adaptive behavior may be of importance in selecting specific treatment and management techniques to modify the characteristics of this syndrome at an early age. PMID- 7319147 TI - Child neurology in the United States in 1980. PMID- 7319148 TI - Prevalence rates for cerebral palsy. PMID- 7319149 TI - Arteriovenous fistulae and asymmetrical asterixis. PMID- 7319150 TI - Intracranial pressure and intraventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 7319151 TI - A comparative study of alternative bone-conduction calibration methods. AB - The accepted instrument for calibrating the bone-conduction section of an audiometer is the artificial mastoid. For a variety of reasons, alternative calibration methods are in general use. Three common methods are: (1) the input voltage method; (2) the real-ear threshold method using normal-hearing listeners; and (3) the real-ear threshold method using subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. The present investigation compared these methods for both accuracy and efficiency. There were no significant differences in accuracy found among the three calibration methods. Substantial differences in efficiency were noted, however. When accuracy and efficiency are considered, the input voltage method appears to be the best alternative method for calibrating the bone-conduction system of an audiometer. PMID- 7319152 TI - Eustachian tube function in the older adult. AB - This investigation examined the effects of the aging process on the adequacy of Eustachian tube function. Older adults presenting normal hearing sensitivity and sensorineural hearing loss and normally hearing young adults served as subjects. Eustachian tube function was assessed using electroacoustic immittance measurement. Tympanograms were analyzed relative to pressure and function (amplitude) changes after Eustachian tube testing. One-way analyses of variance and chi 2 analyses revealed no significant differences between groups and no significant relationships between group membership and tympanometric measures. PMID- 7319153 TI - Prediction of speech discrimination scores from audiometric data. PMID- 7319154 TI - Hearing loss prediction by the acoustic reflex: comparison of seven methods. AB - We compared the accuracy of seven methods of hearing loss prediction by the acoustic reflex in 60 subjects. The methods were two versions of Sensitivity Prediction by Acoustic Reflex, four regression equations, and the bivariate plot coordinate system. Accuracy of hearing loss prediction exceeded 60% for all methods. In general, the bivariate plot system most accurately identified hearing loss. Regression equations tended to under estimate loss. Sensitivity prediction by the acoustic reflex and the bivariate plot system tended to over predict loss. Accuracy of prediction was usually reduced in older subjects and in subjects with minor immittance abnormalities. The effect of age and immittance abnormalities, however, varied among methods. PMID- 7319155 TI - Maturation effects on the synthetic sentence identification-ipsilateral competing message. AB - The Synthetic Sentence Identification test with ipsilateral competing message was presented to six groups of six normal-hearing subjects ranging in age from 8 through 25 years to assess whether performance improved as age increased. The scores improved for all age groups as the message-to-competition ratio decreased. Scores also improved as age increased. The interaction effect between age and message-to-competition ratio was significant (P less than 0.001). The results support previous findings and give strong evidence to support there being a maturation factor involved in auditory processing. Establishing normative data for normal-hearing children at various ages as well as data for children having central problems would now be required to make the Synthetic Sentence Identification test with ipsilateral competing message a useful test with children. PMID- 7319156 TI - Hearing alterations following meningitis. 2. Variable hearing. PMID- 7319157 TI - Acoustic reflex decay in 10 seconds and in 5 seconds for Meniere's disease patients and for VIIIth nerve tumor patients. PMID- 7319158 TI - Patient isolation update--a necessary change. PMID- 7319159 TI - Risk management vs. infection control committees. PMID- 7319160 TI - Interview: Dimensions talks to Joe Losos. Interview by D. Bisson Staigh. PMID- 7319161 TI - A four-year experience with GRASP. Part 2. PMID- 7319162 TI - Preventive medicine: getting the message across. PMID- 7319163 TI - Involuntary commitment of mental patients. PMID- 7319164 TI - SI metric at Seven Oaks. PMID- 7319165 TI - The future of diagnostic imaging. Part 2. PMID- 7319166 TI - Additions to Timoptic contraindications. PMID- 7319167 TI - Foodborne botulism. PMID- 7319169 TI - [Senile osteopenia and disability: a difficult problem of diagnosis, therapy and prevention]. PMID- 7319168 TI - Statement on use of pelvimetry X-ray examination. PMID- 7319170 TI - [Recent views on the physiological significance of calcitonin]. PMID- 7319171 TI - [Relations between calcitonin and gastrin secretion after administration of calcium in young and elderly subjects]. PMID- 7319172 TI - [Relations between gastrin and calcitonin secretion after a protein meal in young and elderly subjects]. PMID- 7319173 TI - [Relations between calcitonin, gastrin and parathyroid hormone secretion after intravenous administration of calcium in the elderly]. PMID- 7319174 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium in uremia: effect of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis]. PMID- 7319175 TI - [Severe macrothrombocytic thrombopenia during alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 7319176 TI - [Nosography of mitral insufficiency today. Etiopathomorphism of the valvulopathy and evolution of knowledge concerning it]. PMID- 7319177 TI - [Epidemiology of the cardiovascular malformations. II. Follow-up of 337 newborn in 1975-1980 at the Maternity of Florence (author's transl)]. AB - 337 newborn, in whom a cardiovascular malformation was diagnosed at birth by criteria previously reported, were followed for variable period of time from January 1975 to December 1980. They came from a population of 32,561 live births which occurred at the Maternity of Florence in the same period. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, surgical procedure or autopsy in the 15 per cent of the whole group. Fifty-nine babies (18 per cent) with one exception died within the first year of age. Signs and symptoms referable to the cardiovascular malformation at birth disappeared during the follow-up period in 33.8 per cent of cases. Total incidence lowered from 10.3 per thousand at birth to 6.8 at the end of the follow-up. The percentage of normalized babies correspond to the frequency with which ventricular septal defects close spontaneously in the first period of age and accounts for the disappearance of this malformation from the first place of relative incidence of cardiac malformations in adults. PMID- 7319178 TI - [Exercise test in 100 healthy children between 5 and 12 years of age (author's transl)]. AB - 100 healthy children, between 5 and 12 years of age underwent maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer in sitting position. Particularly interesting seem to be the observations on maximal heart rate during exercise, maximum work load, energy cost in terms of heart rate, EGG during exercise. As concerning the maximal heart rate, it was observed a levelling of around 195 beats min. for all the subjects. A low increase of systolic blood pressure was observed during strenuous exercise. The maximum tolerated work load increases accordingly with the increase of body surface area and age; taking into account the maximum value of heart rate during exercise (195 for all subjects), it arises a different energetic cost in terms of beats per min. in favour of 12 years subjects compared to youngers. None rhythm or conduction disturbances was observed during exercise, neither variations of the ventricular repolarization appeared during exercise. PMID- 7319179 TI - [Effect of age on heart rate and systolic time intervals in children, adolescents and young adults (author's transl)]. AB - Study was performed to assess if the increase of age can affect heart rate (HR) and systolic time intervals (STI) in a population of children, adolescents and young adults. We made polygraphic recordings in 66 normal subjects (5-25 years old) and regression equations were obtained for STI and age, HR and age and STI and HR. We found a significant relationship of HR and STI with age. Equally STI were correlated with HR. PEP/LVET ratio was unaffected by age or HR. We considered moreover mean values of HR and STI in four age-groups (5-10, 11-15, 16 20, 21-25). Data comparison showed higher LVET and lower HR in elder subjects. These had moreover higher PEP versus younger groups. The Authors believe that the relationship of HR, STI and age, undemonstrated by several other studies, can be found if we consider a large of age. Because other authors studied a little range of age, our demonstration of no statistically significant different values of HR and STI between 5-10 and 11-15 groups, authorize us to consider that the effect of age is highly significative on HR and STI among children, adolescents and young adults. PMID- 7319180 TI - [Neurological complications of the acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In a consecutive series of 750 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 11 (1.46%) suffered neurological complications. The pathogenesis of these neurological incidents (embolia or hypotension) remained uncertain in all the cases presented here. Neurological incidents (3 TIA, 8 strokes) were more frequent in elderly patients, in which they represented a very serious complication with high fatality. No clear relationship could be established with infarct size nor with the anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 7319181 TI - [Value and limits of echocardiography of the acute or previous myocardial infarction. Mono- and bi-dimensional study (author's transl)]. AB - 81 subjects with acute or previous myocardial infarction were studied in order to assess the relations between ecg location and diskinetic zones as seen on the echocardiogram; another purposes of the work was to establish if serial echocardiographic measurements would be useful for prognostic purposes. The obtained results were the following: 1) there is a good correlation between ecg location of anterior infarction and diskinetic or ipokinetic zones if on the echocardiographic pattern were simultaneously present the following echocardiographic findings: lessened systolic escursion + lessened systolic thickening + enhanced left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDD); 2) in the group of posterior and inferior infarctions is observed either an ipokinetic left ventricular posterior wall either an ipokinetic septum; 3) left ventricle diastolic dimension (LVDD) was greater and the motion of the septum was less frequently paradoxical in previous infarction than in acute infarction; 4) there was a good correlation in anterior acute infarction among M-mode echo-patterns which indicate both progressive dilatation of the left ventricle and an abnormal septum movement and the appearance of congestive failure, shock and intrahospital mortality; 5) the aneurysms localized in apical section of the ventricles could be missed by M-mode studies and therefore when this complication is suspected bidimensional investigations are more indicated. PMID- 7319182 TI - [Prajmalium bitartrate in hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias in infarct patients during rehabilitation]. AB - The present study was designed to assess the antiarrhythmic Prajmalium Bitartrate (PB) efficacy in the long term treatment of 22 patients with recent myocardial infarction and persistent, frequent, polimorphous, repetitive (two or more in a row) ventricular premature complexes (VPCs). VPCs were exposed by means of 24 hours ambulatory monitoring. The acute drug testing with a single dose of PB (30 mg) was followed by multiple maintenance therapy with a dose decreasing from 60 to 40 mg every day. Than, the long term antiarrhythmic action was evaluated by both monitoring and exercise stress testing (EST), symptom self-limited, in a 7 months and 28 days follow-up. A favorable therapeutic effect, with a reduction of VPCs frequency greater than 85% and the suppression of their greater Lown degrees, was obtained in 13 cases (59.2%) using PB alone and in 6 cases (27.2%) using PB associated with Amiodarone in 5 patients and with Metoprololo in one. No VPCs were present or they were less than 2 every 3 minutes during EST. Fourteen patients reported a recurrence of VPCs when the drug was stopped for 24-28 hours, after 3-5 months of the treatment. In 3 patients (13.6%) the PB was uneffective. In a case there was, during the acute drug testing, a paradox increasing of the arrhythmias, and in the other two an abnormal lengthening of QTc interval, while arrhythmia was unchanged. PB, alone or associated with other antiarrhythmic drugs, appears a well tolerated, handy and effective agent and it can be proposed as a drug of first choice for controlling VPCs. PMID- 7319183 TI - [Abnormal motion of prosthetic heart valves in pericardial diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319184 TI - [Method for radiological recognition of cardiac valve prostheses. Analysis of the various models used at the Cardiosurgery Center of the University of Padua]. AB - A rapid identification of the type of prosthetic heart valve from the plain chest roentgenogram is often of extreme importance in the care of patients who have undergone prosthetic valve replacement. In the present report we have analyzed the radiographic appearances of 9 different models of mechanical and biological prostheses which are or have been employed at our Institution since 1969, with the aim of providing simple guidelines to identify these devices. For this purpose photographs were taken of the postero-anterior and left lateral chest radiograms of patients in whom these particular prostheses were implanted. Once the silhouettes of the radioopaque components of these devices have become familiar, the differentiation of the types and the recognition of the site of implantation is easy and rapid. PMID- 7319185 TI - Effects of isoproterenol on vectorcardiographic pattern of "early repolarization syndrome". PMID- 7319186 TI - [Limitations of long-term treatment with vasodilator agents in increasing maximum functional capacity in patients with left ventricular insufficiency]. PMID- 7319187 TI - [Experience with intravenous amiodarone in hyperkinetic supraventricular arrhythmias]. AB - The Authors tested the effectiveness of amiodarone hydrochloride i.v. in 50 cases of supraventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias recently aroused. 50 patients, aged 41 to 85 years, with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT, 21 cases), atrial flutter (7 cases) or fibrillation (22 cases) were treated with 4 mg/Kg of body weight of amiodarone i.v. over 2 min., followed by other 1500 mg/24 hours over 48 hours while amiodarone per os was started for antiarrhythmic prophylaxis; a 12 leads surface ECG and blood pressure were periodically recorded. The sinus rhythm was restored within 3 hours in every case of PSVT (100% of success), within 30 hours in 19 cases of atrial fibrillation (86% of success) and in 5 cases of atrial flutter (71% of success). A slowing down of ventricular frequency ranging from 15 to 40% occurred within 10 min. in case of failure of restoration of sinus rhythm; a slight and transient lengthening of P-R occurred in 1 case; no particular side effects nor noteworthy changes of blood pressure were observed. Amiodarone i.v. proved to be a very effective remedy, handy and well tolerated for the arrhythmias considered above. PMID- 7319188 TI - [Comparison of acetate and bicarbonate in hemodialytic treatment. Echocardiographic and polycardiographic study of the left ventricle]. AB - During standard haemodialysis, cause of calcium and magnesium insoluble salts formation, the bicarbonate as a buffer has been replaced by the more soluble and stable acetate. But the new and more efficient dialytic systems cause an increase of intradyalitic bicarbonate loss and acetate gain the latter, by a direct calcium binding or by calcium displacement from the active sites, has been believed to be responsible for vasodilatation and myocardial contractility depression. Aim of this study is to verify if the bicarbonate dialysis versus acetate dialysis modifies left ventricular performance, investigated by non invasive tools (systolic time index and echocardiography). This work deals with twelve patients undergoing standard haemodialysis (three times a week) since 28 months on the average. Echocardiographic and systolic time index study was performed before and after the acetate dialysis and before and after the tenth bicarbonate dialysis observing the same interdialytic period. The echo has shown improvement concerning the fractional shortening (P less than 0.025) and the cardiac output (P less than 0.05) and only before the tenth bicarbonate dialysis. Systolic time index data have shown reduction of the ratio PEP/LVET (P less than 0.05) and LVET less negative than after acetate only in the end of the tenth bicarbonate dialysis (P less than 0.05). These results seem point out left ventricular performance improvement in accordance with the decrease of clinical intradialytic (nausea, vomiting, and hypotension) and interdialytic troubles (headache, asthenia and washed-out feeling) probably due to the bicarbonate more effective as a buffer in the acid-base and electrolytic balance. PMID- 7319189 TI - [Atrial myxoma: clinical features and results of surgical treatment in 24 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Retrospective analysis was undertaken of 24 patients with atrial myxomas surgically treated. There were 19 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 10 to 69 years (mean 44.6 years). 22 myxomata were located in the left atrium and 2 in the right atrium. Clinical manifestations and cardiac catheterization findings are described. All tumors were resected with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. The operation consisted of removal of the tumor, with a generous excision of septal attachment in 17 cases; patch reconstruction of the atrial septum was required in most patients. One patient had a concomitant correction of atrial septum defect, another required mitral annuloplasty, and third had a concomitant aorto-coronary bypass. There were 3 hospital deaths (operative mortality 12.5%) and 2 patients (one died) had intraoperative tumor emboli. In a follow-up extending to 11 years (mean 38 months), there were not late deaths and functional results were generally excellent (15 surviving patients are in N.Y.H.A. class I). No patient had evidence of recurrence of the tumor. PMID- 7319190 TI - [Syncope and prinzmetal phenomenon without angor. A case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319191 TI - [Pulmonary vascular disease in a newborn with complete transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum. Case report (author's transl)]. AB - The case of a patient, died at 48 hours after the birth, with transposition of the great arteries and pulmonary vascular disease grade 3 is described. The evaluation of VPD was carried out in several sections from each lung, stained with H&E and elastico-Van Gieson. These histologic features is strongly in opposition with previous reports, in which pulmonary vessels exhibits only grade 1 or even grade 0 (hypoplasia of the media) modifications at the birth. However, many authors underline that children of same age and associated defects had widely differing degrees of VPD. Because our histologic findings, it is advisable an open lung biopsy and the evaluation of pulmonary vascular disease to plan the type of repair also early in life. PMID- 7319192 TI - [Ostium secundum atrial septal defect: report of a case with atypical auscultatory findings (author's transl)]. AB - The wide and persistent splitting of S2 is commonly considered the auscultatory hallmark of uncomplicated ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). We have recently observed a 31-year-old female with a variable splitting of S2 and a 2/6 systolic murmur at the second left intercostal space, who showed incomplete right bundle branch block on the ECG and normal heart shadow with increased pulmonary vascular markings on the chest film. Cardiac catheterization revealed an isolated ostium secundum atrial septal defect with significant left-to-right shunt, normal pulmonary pressures and normal ventricular function. Subsequently the patient underwent closure with patch of the ASD without complications. We feel our case is of interest since it demonstrates that the absence of a wide and persistent splitting of S2 in adults does not exclude the diagnosis of uncomplicated "ostium secundum" ASD, when ECG and x-ray findings suggest the disease. PMID- 7319193 TI - Preferential action of liposome-entrapped 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4 methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea on lung metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma as compared with the free drug. AB - Lipid vesicles entrapping a lipophilic antitumor agent, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4 methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU), within the membrane phase were prepared and their antimetastatic activity was compared with that of free MeCCNU using intravenously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma. It was found that the liposome preparation exhibited more potent inhibitory activity than the free drug on colony formation in the lung, when administered intravenously as well as intraperitoneally. Superior life-prolongation effect was also observed with liposome preparations as compared with the free drug in this system. However, the two forms of MeCCNU showed almost the same activity against not only Lewis lung carcinoma but also P388 leukemia inoculated subcutaneously and intraperitoneally, respectively. These results suggest that the superior effect of liposome entrapped MeCCNU on lung metastasis might be due, at least in part, to preferential distribution of liposomes to the lung as compared with the free drug. PMID- 7319194 TI - Tumor-associated serum proteins in rats as detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - The sera from normal and tumor-bearing rats were separated by polyacrylamide gel disc isoelectric electrophoresis and then in a perpendicular dimension by polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis with a gradient from 4% to 20%. When the gel was stained with Coomassie brilliant blue, 100-150 components were separately observable with normal serum. With the sera from Rhodamine sarcoma-bearing rats, three more components were detected with a high reproducibility. They were of pI (isoelectric point) 4.5 and Rm (relative mobility) 0.63, of pI4.8 and Rm 0.63 and of pI 4.9 and Rm 0.75. The 4.5/0.63 (pI/Rm) and the 4.8/0.63 components appeared soon after transplanting the tumor, whereas the 4.9/0.75 component appeared at the late stage of its growth. Upon surgical removal of the grown tumor, the former two components disappeared rapidly, while the latter component disappeared gradually. Similar results were obtained with Yoshida sarcoma, and ascites hepatoma AH66 and AH130. A 3rd polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that the 4.5/0.63 and the 4.8/0.63 components were each composed of a single polypeptide of approximately 64,000 daltons, and that the 4.9/0.75 component was composed of two different polypeptides of approximately 33,000 daltons and approximately 10,000 daltons. It was confirmed by an immunodiffusion experiment that none of these three proteins was alpha fetoprotein. PMID- 7319195 TI - Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma: parametric analysis in each abnormal protein type. AB - The prognostic significance of age, hemoglobin level, leukocyte and platelet counts, total protein and serum M-component concentrations, total protein other than M-component (TP-MC) concentration, serum uric acid level (all at the time of diagnosis), and interval from onset to diagnosis was studied retrospectively in 118 patients who died of multiple myeloma. Before analysis, the patients were separated into 7 subgroups, i.e., IgG IgA, Bence-Jones type, IgG.k, IgG.lambda, IgG with Bence-Jones proteinuria (IgG (+)), and IgG without Bence-Jones proteinuria (IgG (-)). Correlation analysis revealed that younger patients in the IgG.lambda and IgG(-) groups survived longer, that total protein positively correlated to survival in the IgG and IgG.lambda groups, that higher TP-MC concentration correlated to longer survival in the IgG, IgG.k, IgG(+), and IgG(-) groups and that higher uric acid levels adversely affected survival in the IgG.k group. All other factors were insignificant in all the subgroups. To assess the interrelationships among predictor variables, and to estimate their contribution to survival, a multiple regression analysis was performed. The resulting R2 values ranged from 0.28 (IgG) to 0.46 (IgG.lambda). PMID- 7319196 TI - Antitumor and toxohormone-neutralizing activities of human ceruloplasmin. AB - Human ceruloplasmin was found to have a neutralizing effect against the toxohormone activities of the basic protein isolated from Ehrlich carcinoma cells; this basic protein decreases the levels of serum iron and liver catalase activity upon intraperitoneal injection into mice and shows direct cytotoxicity toward normal mouse lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, it was also shown that ceruloplasmin has antitumor activity against sarcoma-180 cells implanted in ICR mice. PMID- 7319197 TI - Spontaneous neoplastic transformation in vitro of a diploid clone of rat liver cells under conditions of large inoculum size of cells at the transfer. AB - Attempts were made to examine the correlation of the chromosomal stability and neoplastic transformation with routine subculturing at small and large inoculum sizes of cells. A diploid clone of rat liver cell, Ac7E, was put on a rigid transfer schedule, being transferred every 10 days, and inoculated always at the same cell density or the same split ration. The cells which were subcultured before confluency did not undergo spontaneous neoplastic transformation and maintained diploid karyotype for at least 117 generations (356 culture days) after cloning. However, transformation occurred when cells were transferred for more than 49 generations (265 days) after cloning at a large inoculum size of cells and maintained in the confluent state for a while before subculturing. The transformed cells showed the high saturation density and a multilayered growth pattern in culture. G-band analysis of chromosomes demonstrated the preferential involvement of a complete or partial trisomy of #1 chromosome in a transformed cell line, also in cell lines which were reestablished from induced tumors by the backtransplantation of transformed cells. PMID- 7319198 TI - Antimetastatic effect of cell-wall skeleton of Propionibacterium acnes C7 on Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6J mice. AB - The effect of the cell-wall skeleton (CWS) of Propionibacterium acnes C7 on the metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6J mice was examined. Intratumoral or intravenous injection of P. acnes-CWS was effective for both prolongation of the survival period and protection against pulmonary metastases, but intraperitoneal injection was ineffective in tumor-bearing mice. Intratumoral injection of P. acnes-CWS also inhibited lymph node metastases and produced some complete tumor regressions. These cured mice were rechallenged with the same tumor but no evidence of transplantation resistance was found. On the other hand, neither inhibition of lymph node metastases nor complete tumor regressions were observed in the groups treated with intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of P. acnes CWS. Intrapleural injection of P. acnes-CWS after surgical excision of the primary tumor was also effective for the prolongation of survival period but not for protection against pulmonary metastases. PMID- 7319199 TI - Restorative effects of nandrolone decanoate on the mononuclear phagocyte system in tumor-bearing mice. AB - The effects of nandrolone decanoate on the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) were examined in normal or tumor-bearing mice. Bactericidal activity against Listeria monocytogenes, carbon clearance test and leukocyte accumulation into the site of inflammation were depressed when viable cells of sarcoma-180 were inoculated subcutaneously into ddY mice 24hr before the assays. Pretreatment with nandrolone decanoate prevented such depression in tumor-bearing mice and increased MPS activities of normal or tumor-bearing mice above the level of non treated normal mice. Nandrolone decanoate may be useful for the augmentation of antimicrobial activity in tumor-bearing hosts. PMID- 7319200 TI - Enhancing effect of vagotomy and pyloroplasty on gastro-intestinal carcinogenesis induced by nitrosamide in hamsters. AB - The possible promoting effect of vagotomy and pyloroplasty on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract was studied in Syrian golden hamsters on high fat diet (10% corn oil). After truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty or sham operation, 50 micrograms/ml of MNNG was given for 4 months in drinking water. Similarly operated or non-operated animals without carcinogen administration served as controls. Spindle cell sarcomas were frequently seen in the MNNG-treated hamsters as well as spindle cell proliferation. After vagotomy and pyloroplasty, a small number of hamsters also developed adenocarcinomas and rosette-forming neurogenic tumors. The tumor development in the glandular stomach or small intestine was significantly increased after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The data suggest that this operation has an enhancing effect on the MNNG carcinogenesis in the hamster. PMID- 7319201 TI - Effect of intracerebral administration of Corynebacterium parvum on the growth of brain tumors in mice. AB - The effect of intracerebral administration of Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) on the growth of syngeneic brain tumors in C57BL/6 mice and the mechanism of its action were investigated. Mice were inoculated with 10(4) malignant glioma cells intracerebrally, and treated with various doses of C parvum on day 6 after tumor inoculation. The growth of tumors was significantly inhibited in proportion ot the dose of C. parvum. The cytotoxic activity of effector cells was enhanced when C. parvum was administered at the site of tumor inoculation. Significant cytotoxic activity was observed in the adherent cell fraction of brain mononuclear cells, while less cytotoxic activity was observed in the nonadherent cell fraction. These results indicate that activated intracranial macrophages may participate in the tumoricidal effect of intracerebral C. parvum administration. PMID- 7319202 TI - Alkylating activity of processed fish products treated with sodium nitrite in simulated gastric juice. AB - The alkylating activity of extracts from several fish products with or without sodium nitrite in simulated gastric juice has been investigated. Some of the extracts had strong alkylating potency which may be due to the action of the formed N-nitrosamides. These compounds were not derived from nitrosation of methylguanidine and agmatine or from pyrolysis products of the processed fish. The results suggest an urgent need for a comprehensive investigation of nitrosation of various foods in simulated gastric juice. PMID- 7319203 TI - Cycloheximide treatment modifies the pattern of "metastasis" following intravenous injection of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - Cyclohexamide treatment of recipient mice at various times in relation to an intravenous injection of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells alters the pattern of consequent "metastatic" disease as compared with the pattern in untreated, tumour injected animals. Analysis of the results suggests the existence of a cycloheximide-sensitive host mechanism for eliminating arrested tumour cells. This mechanism could play an important role in determining the ultimate localisation pattern of neoplastic disease following an intravenous injection of Ehrlich tumour cells. PMID- 7319204 TI - Relation between estrogen receptors and body weight in Japanese pre- and post menopausal breast cancer patients. PMID- 7319205 TI - [Hepatitis B virus markers in alcoholic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319206 TI - [Are endotoxins present in cirrhotic ascitic fluid? results of 110 limulus tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319207 TI - [Treatment and prevention of chronic iron overload (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319208 TI - [The liver and bilary tract in inflammatory bowel disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319209 TI - [Juvenile polyposis: a benign or potentially malignant disease?]. PMID- 7319210 TI - [Preservation of the rectum in ulcerative colitis: a challenge or utopia?]. PMID- 7319212 TI - [Rectal preservation in ulcerative colitis (198 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319211 TI - [Ileorectal anastomosis after colectomy for ulcerative colitis: a long-term study (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319213 TI - [Colonic polyposis associating juvenile and adenomatous polyps, with adenocarcinomas developed within both types of polyps (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319214 TI - [D-xylose test validity in old people (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319216 TI - [Pancytopenia induced by triamterene: 4 cases]. PMID- 7319215 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophageal peptic stricture in the adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319218 TI - [Adenomatous and juvenile familial diffuse polyposis]. PMID- 7319217 TI - [Arterioportal fistula: the only complication of a series of 35 transjugular portographies]. PMID- 7319219 TI - [Oral cimetidine does not induce hypersecretion of prolactin]. PMID- 7319220 TI - [Long-term results of supraselective vagotomy]. PMID- 7319221 TI - Physician-patient agreement about depression: notation in medical records. AB - Medical patients were prescreened for depression; their physicians were given the results of the screening to see if such intervention altered the frequency of the physicians' appropriate notations about depression in the medical record. As part of this study, physicians' and patients' global ratings of patient depression were examined in relation to Zung Self Rating Depression Scales (SDS) Scores and medical record notation. On their initial encounter in a University General Internal Medicine Clinic, physicians and patients were in close agreement about the extent to which patients felt sad or blue, and these global ratings correlated significantly with patients' self-reports on the SDS. In general, physicians tended to rate patients as more depressed than patients rated themselves. However, although medical record notations about depression were highly correlated with patient and physician global ratings of mood and with SDS scores, notations about depression appeared in only about 70% of charts where the physician assessed the patient's mood as being significantly depressed. PMID- 7319222 TI - The allegedly suicidal patient in a general hospital. AB - Of 50 emergency room admissions of patients believed to need protection against imminent suicide, the admission decision was, in 74% of the cases, solely on the patient's allegation (i.e., assertion without proof) that he was suicidal. Over half of the allegedly suicidal patients were chronic schizophrenic, and 20% were individuals with substance abuse problems. Only those allegers with affective disorders manifested any behavior or thinking after admission that could cause staff concern about suicide. Assuming that the suicidal thoughts and impulses described were products of intense, although transient, feeling and were in no instance feigned, extended hospital care did not appear indicated. Concern about possibility of suicide, if not based upon consideration of risk factors, diagnosis, and clinical judgment, may distract from attention to the patient's needs for long-term outpatient rehabilitation or psychotherapy, and may encourage episodic rather than continuous care for the chronically ill. PMID- 7319223 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy in general hospital psychiatry: a focus on new indications and technologies. AB - This paper documents the recent dramatic shift towards the delivery of psychiatric services in the general hospital setting and outlines the increasing number of special indications for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). These include: delusional depression; depressions which are not responsive to antidepressants; affective illness in geriatric populations, depression, mania or schizophrenia in patients who cannot tolerate medication side effects, and drug-refractory Parkinson's disease. Such technological advances as nondominant unilateral placement of electrodes, brief pulse electrical stimulation, and simultaneous ictal monitoring of EEG and EKG have increased the safety while reducing the side effects of the procedure. In that comparative studies show ECT to have safety and efficacy superior to antidepressant agents in the treatment of severe depressive illness, the author encourages physicians to consider this treatment which is becoming increasingly available through our general hospital services. PMID- 7319224 TI - The borderline patient in the general hospital. AB - The usefulness of the general hospital inpatient service for the borderline patient is described. The short-term nature of most general hospital units requires a setting that facilitates the rapid establishment of a holding environment and the re-establishment of self-object transferences. Borderline patients have particular difficulty in accepting responsibility for their feelings and behavior and, instead, tend to blame themselves and others. An approach to inpatient care that defines expectations of both patient and family prior to and early in the admission of the patient is elaborated clinically and theoretically. Such an approach offers a way of working with the potential regression in borderline patients, especially around the important issues of responsibility and blaming. The staff's awareness of countertransference problems related to the patient and family as well as to the patient's therapist are described as important ingredients in successful work with these patients. PMID- 7319225 TI - The treatment of involuntary patients in the general hospital psychiatric unit. AB - In response to pressure to assume more responsibility for chronic patients, many general hospitals have asserted that they should limit care to those suitable for voluntary treatment on an open ward. This assertion appears to be based primarily on political and symbolic arguments. The limitation of admission to voluntary patients would serve to exclude many acutely psychotic patients with excellent prognosis best treated in a general hospital. The locked ward appears to offer the maximum flexibility in dealing with illnesses which in varying degrees affect the individual's judgment and impulsivity. The limitation of psychiatric units to voluntary patients in open wards would preclude psychiatry from joining in the mission of the general hospital - the best possible care for the community it serves. PMID- 7319226 TI - Emergency psychiatry in the general hospital: staffing, training, and leadership issues. AB - Psychiatric services in general medical hospitals have increased in the past two decades. More and more, emergency services are being used for less urgent problems, and have created difficulties in health care delivery for all physicians. This is especially true for psychiatrists, since emergency psychiatric care is more time - and staff-intensive, and the need for it is unpredictable. The important issues of staffing, training, and the need for creative leadership for emergency psychiatric services are discussed. PMID- 7319227 TI - General hospital psychiatry: structure or concept? PMID- 7319228 TI - House officer knowledgeability of organic brain syndromes: a pilot study. AB - A questionnaire consisting of ten items regarding the incidence, recognition, types, and workup of organic brain syndromes was administered to medical and surgical housestaff. The data revealed an average performance of 49% correct responses and 33% for the medical and surgical house staff, respectively (P less than .001). Comparison of scores in relation to various personal and educational factors, except for departmental affiliation, revealed no statistically significant differences. The results suggested that the level of knowledge among house staff of organic brain syndromes is low. The implication is that this is a neglected area in medical school education and hospital training. PMID- 7319230 TI - [Use of microorganisms in controlling environmental pollution]. PMID- 7319229 TI - Factitious illness: a multidisciplinary consideration of ethical issues. PMID- 7319231 TI - [Hygienic basis of a work-study regimen in secondary vocational and technical schools]. PMID- 7319232 TI - [Organization of the instruction of schoolchildren based on their level of work capacity]. PMID- 7319233 TI - [Effect of different air exchange regimens on common cold morbidity in younger schoolchildren]. PMID- 7319235 TI - [Sociological analysis of the interrelation of work and health]. PMID- 7319234 TI - [Percutaneous 239Pu intake into the body]. PMID- 7319236 TI - [Creation of a government information system on the population's health status in relation to environmental pollution]. PMID- 7319237 TI - [Hygienic regulation of biological pollution of the environment]. PMID- 7319238 TI - [Experience in employing a scheme for the staged hygienic regulation of chemical substances in the industrial pollution of reservoirs]. PMID- 7319239 TI - [Improved methods for the summary determination of petroleum products in the soil]. PMID- 7319240 TI - [Determination of the fractional composition of petroleum products in the soil]. PMID- 7319241 TI - [Chromatographic method of determining trichlorometaphos-3 in grain]. PMID- 7319242 TI - [Methods of aflatoxin analysis]. PMID- 7319243 TI - [Effect of vanadium on experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 7319244 TI - [Artificial radionuclide content in the atmosphere and in food products in Moscow 1977-1979]. PMID- 7319245 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the effectiveness of sewage after purification in biological ponds]. PMID- 7319246 TI - [Means of improving the effectiveness of sewage dehelminthization in treatment installations before its feeding into irrigation]. PMID- 7319247 TI - [Comparative hygienic evaluation of the air pollution in apartments with gas kitchens]. PMID- 7319249 TI - [Forming of the microclimate in deep potassium mines and its hygienic assessment]. PMID- 7319248 TI - [Experimental data on the hygienic standards for benzotriazole in reservoir water]. PMID- 7319250 TI - [Early detection of lead in men not subjected to occupational exposure]. PMID- 7319251 TI - [Passage of natural radionuclides along the chain of soil-feed-sheep organs and tissues in a desert area]. PMID- 7319252 TI - [Characteristics of alpha-active particles on the skin in work with 237Np]. PMID- 7319254 TI - [Normal fetal head growth curve, by sequential measurement of the biparietal diameter by ultrasonography]. PMID- 7319253 TI - [Hygienic basis for using polymeric materials in the reverse-osmosis desalination of water in "filter-press"-type installations]. PMID- 7319255 TI - [Pelvic thrombophlebitis in obstetrics]. PMID- 7319256 TI - [Obstetric problems in women 40 years of age or older]. PMID- 7319257 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy]. PMID- 7319258 TI - [Hypothyroidism and pregnancy. Report of a case]. PMID- 7319259 TI - [Sanitary standards for the chemical compound content in the air of a work area in the 10th Five-Year Plan and the immediate tasks]. PMID- 7319260 TI - [Hygienic and economic evaluation of the standards for the expenditure of industrial surface-active substances for controlling dust]. PMID- 7319262 TI - [Silicosis in tractor drivers working on sandy soils on tree farms]. PMID- 7319261 TI - [Role of sensitization in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary pathology from exposure to TPF-37 plastic]. PMID- 7319263 TI - [Functional state of the human spinal cord segmental apparatus during local work after a brief rest]. PMID- 7319266 TI - [Toxicity and hazard of allyl-alpha-allyloxycarbonyloxyacrylate]. PMID- 7319265 TI - [Potential use of recording systems with a low upper frequency limit value in the telemetric transmission of EMGs]. PMID- 7319264 TI - [Hemoglobin and erythrocyte changes in persons engaged in synthetic vitamin B6 manufacture]. PMID- 7319267 TI - [Tissue permeability for alkanes and its relationship to molecular weight, the parity of the number of carbon atoms and the ramified structure of the hydrocarbon chain]. PMID- 7319268 TI - [Establishing the maximum permissible concentration of tri-(2 ethylhexyl)phosphite in the air of a work area]. PMID- 7319269 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of working solution agents for the window cleaning of industrial buildings]. PMID- 7319270 TI - [Functional and morphological characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract in prolonged peroral sodium bichromate administration]. PMID- 7319271 TI - [Late sequelae of vinyl chloride action on embryogenesis]. PMID- 7319272 TI - [Determination of the time of death of animals in assessing the toxicity of the products of materials combustion]. PMID- 7319273 TI - [Dust content of the working environment in work with polyvinyl chloride]. PMID- 7319274 TI - [Effect of dopamine on the contractility of isolated blood vessels of the human placenta]. PMID- 7319275 TI - [Erythrocyte 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate level, serum inorganic phosphorus and acid base equilibrium indicators at different stages of pregnancy complicated by anemia]. PMID- 7319276 TI - [Induction and stimulation of labor with prostaglandin E2 in EPH gestosis]. PMID- 7319277 TI - [Conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine in parturients and newborn infants]. PMID- 7319278 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy. III. Value of the progesterone test in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 7319279 TI - [Cytogenetic examinations of married couples with obstetrical failures]. PMID- 7319281 TI - [Incidence of hemorrhagic complications and the system of hemostasis in endometriosis]. PMID- 7319280 TI - [Various aspects of estrogenic function in the menopause. V. Histological examination of the corpus endometrium as a diagnostic test of estrogenic activity]. PMID- 7319282 TI - [Cervical pregnancy]. PMID- 7319285 TI - [Sexuality and sexual temperament in pregnancy]. PMID- 7319283 TI - [Amniotic fluid embolism with patient survival]. PMID- 7319284 TI - [Bilateral high ligation of the ureters after gynecological surgery]. PMID- 7319286 TI - Life events and chronic duodenal ulcer: a case control study. AB - The frequency of life events during the two years before an exacerbation of ulcer in a duodenal ulcer population was compared with the frequency of these events over the same time period in an age-sex matched probability sample of the community population. The mean number of events and the associated distress and life change scores were similar for both groups. When events were categorised into areas of activity, such as health, bereavement, family and social life, change of residence, etc. and were further classified on the basis of desirability, separation from persons, and problem chronicity, only one significant difference was found between patients and controls-more patients changed residence (p=0.0005). Frequency distributions of the number of events and the distress and life change scores were similar for both groups. Concerning individual events, the only significant differences in frequency were that more patients changed residence in Sydney (p=0.006) and more controls had a child leave home for reasons other than marriage (p=0.03). Patients and controls experienced the same four most frequent events. Among patients, no correlation existed between age and either the number of events experienced or distress and life change scores. Among controls, age was negatively correlated with the number of events experienced (p=0.0004) and the life change scores (p<0.003). It is concluded, therefore, that an excess of stress, as measured by the number of life events experienced and by distress and life change scores associated with these events, does not appear to be a risk factor for the exacerbation of chronic duodenal ulcer. PMID- 7319287 TI - Adenomatous residue in cancerous papilla of Vater. AB - Surgical specimens of carcinoma in the papilla of Vater were studied histologically. Adenomatous residue which suggested that the carcinoma was derived from a pre-existing adenoma was found in 18 cases (81.8%) out of 22. The histological transition of adenoma into carcinoma was also frequently seen. PMID- 7319288 TI - Detection of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae in patient with cirrhosis by contrast 2D echocardiography. AB - A case of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae associated with cirrhosis of the liver is described. The diagnosis was made by contrast two-dimensional echocardiography and confirmed by cardiac catheterisation and pulmonary angiography. As it is a sensitive and non-invasive technique, contrast two dimensional echocardiography may be a useful screening test in cyanotic patients with liver disease in whom the presence of pulmonary fistulae is suspected. PMID- 7319289 TI - Does gastric aminopyrine clearance reflect gastric mucosal blood flow or parietal cell function? AB - Gastric aminopyrine clearance was measured in human volunteers and dogs with untreated basal secretion, in human volunteers and dogs treated with secretory inhibitors, in dogs treated with histamine, and in patients with pernicious anaemia. When aminopyrine was given as a bolus to man or dog, aminopyrine clearance and the ratio aminopyrine concentration in gastric juice/aminopyrine concentration in plasma showed an initial peak two to three times over steady state levels. When aminopyrine was given with histamine, the peaks were even higher. No peaks occurred when an aminopyrine bolus was given to patients with pernicious anaemia or to healthy volunteers treated with secretory inhibitors. The height of the peaks paralleled the acid secretory rate. The peaks may best be explained by aminopyrine accumulation in the parietal cells and washing out of aminopyrine by volume flow. The steady state levels might reflect both parietal cell function and gastric mucosal blood flow. PMID- 7319290 TI - Structure of the lysozyme gene and expression in the oviduct and macrophages. PMID- 7319291 TI - Lymphoproliferation and heterotransplantation in nude mice: tumor cells in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In the last 3 years we were able to establish four long-term cultures from Hodgkin-derived material [pleural effusions (2), bone marrow (1), and peripheral blood (1)], consisting of cells which represent morphologic and cytochemical as well as cytogenetic features of their in vivo ancestors. Two of these cell lines are described in this paper. These two lines share the same features: non-B-T lymphocytes, non-macrophages, non myeloid cells, EBV genome negative, monoclonality, multiple numerical and structural chromosome aberrations, and tumor formation upon intracranial xenotransplantation in nude mice. The two remaining lines are being characterized at the moment. The common characteristics expressed synonymously in the two described lines suggest that the Hodgkin tumor cell does not seem to share the features of marker-carrying lymphocytes, macrophages, or myeloblasts. The cellular origin of these cells is not clear. The loss of cellular differential markers during the process of possible dedifferentiation is discussed. PMID- 7319293 TI - Acute leukemia and nonspecific killer cells. PMID- 7319294 TI - Structural and functional studies of the Friend spleen focus-forming virus: structural relationship of SFFV to dualtropic viruses and molecular cloning of a biologically active subgenomic fragment of SFFV DNA. PMID- 7319292 TI - Corticosteroid dependence of continuous hemopoiesis in vitro with murine or human bone marrow. PMID- 7319295 TI - Different frequency classes of sequences in heterogeneous nuclear RNA of normal promyelocytes and lymphoblasts and of leukemic blast cells of circulating blood and of the HL60 line. PMID- 7319296 TI - Quantitation of chemotherapy-induced cytoreduction in acute leukemia. PMID- 7319298 TI - [Pregnancy and diabetes]. PMID- 7319299 TI - [Reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 7319297 TI - Recurrent childhood lymphocytic leukemia: outcome of marrow relapses after cessation of therapy. PMID- 7319300 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in the genital region]. PMID- 7319301 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in the genital region]. PMID- 7319302 TI - [Reconstruction of the vulva after traumatic and iatrogenic malformations]. PMID- 7319303 TI - [Reconstruction of a hypertrophic clitoris]. PMID- 7319306 TI - [Infections in pregnancy and the puerperium]. PMID- 7319305 TI - [Chemotherapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7319304 TI - [Chemotherapy of breast cancer]. PMID- 7319307 TI - [Infections during pregnancy in the puerperium]. PMID- 7319309 TI - [Biological signals of behavior control in the mother-child interaction during breast feeding]. PMID- 7319308 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical aspects of severe gynecological complications with lethal outcome]. PMID- 7319310 TI - [Epidemiological aspects of breast feeding in Europe and throughout the world]. PMID- 7319311 TI - [Interdisciplinary discussion of cases of gynecological cancer, Round-table conference]. PMID- 7319312 TI - [Interdisciplinary discussion of cases of gynecological cancer]. PMID- 7319314 TI - [Breast feeding, resistance to infections and prevention of atopies]. PMID- 7319313 TI - [Perinatology; obstetrics]. PMID- 7319315 TI - [A new parameter for the evaluation of the fertilization potential of human sperm: "crossed penetration"]. PMID- 7319316 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of premalignant changes of the cervix]. PMID- 7319317 TI - [Colposcopic nomenclature and diagnosis]. PMID- 7319318 TI - [Colposcopic diagnosis]. PMID- 7319319 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in cases of pathological Papanicolaou smears and suspicion of severe dysplasia or beginning invasion]. PMID- 7319320 TI - [Cryotherapy of benign and premalignant changes in the cervix uteri]. PMID- 7319321 TI - [Treatment of benign and premalignant changes in the cervix with the CO2-laser]. PMID- 7319322 TI - [Condylomatous changes in the cervix, vagina and vulva]. PMID- 7319323 TI - Isolated finger flexion force--a methodological study. AB - A method is presented for measuring isolated finger flexion force in a transverse volar grip in a standardized manner. Normal values for forty healthy subjects are given. The mean force of the digits varied from 5.9 to 10.6kp, the middle finger being the strongest, followed by the index, ring and little finger. Large individual variations were observed, especially among men. Men were significantly stronger than woman in corresponding digits. The symmetry between the hands, judged by the order of strength of the fingers, was good in both sexes but especially in women. It is suggested that the strength ratio between dominant and non-dominant might be used to assess the recovery of finger flexion force after, for instance, tendon surgery. Although a correlation exists between isolated finger flexion force and vigorimetric values of the hand grip strength, it is of little value in evaluation of an individual patient. PMID- 7319324 TI - Mesotendons of digital flexor muscles and their vasculature. PMID- 7319325 TI - The results of excision of the trapezium. AB - A clinical review of patients treated by excision of the trapezium for carpometacarpal arthritis of the thumb is presented. Excision of the trapezium gave good results, particularly with respect to relief of pain. Hand function was good following excision of the trapezium, though there was some reduction in the power of opposition grip and pinch in three-quarters of the patients. This weakness may be due the the carpal instability that exists following the operative procedure. PMID- 7319326 TI - Arthrography of the metacarpo-scaphoid joint following excision of the trapezium. AB - Arthrograms were performed on twenty-five metacarpo-scaphoid joints following excision of the trapezium. The joint space was initially irregular and of small capacity within six months of surgery, but became larger and smoother in time. Sometimes the joint space communicated directly with the midcarpal joint or the extensor pollicis longus strength. The arthrographic appearance did not provide an indication as to the clinical outcome, but marked subluxation of the first metacarpal on the scaphoid during abduction correlated with a less successful outcome. PMID- 7319328 TI - Congenital hand anomalies, and their association with other congenital abnormalities. AB - Congenital abnormalities of other parts occurring in patients with congenital abnormalities of the hand were studied. Hands and feet often showed similar anomalies, but there were cases in which the hands and feet had different kinds of deformity. Anomalies of the internal organs were associated with anomalies of the thumb. Cleft lip and palate occurred in combination with syndactyly, split hand, preaxial polydactyly and construction ring syndrome. Combined anomalies may be the result of a genetic or environmental factor interfering with parts developing during the same critical period. The critical period and probable pathogenesis are discussed and the conclusion reached that mesenchymal necrosis, abnormal distribution of mesenchyme and tissue necrosis after mesenchymal condensation may be the pathological changes which lead to abnormal development of the hand. PMID- 7319327 TI - Experience with arthrography of the first metacarpophalangeal joint. AB - Arthrography of the first metacarpophalangeal joint at various times after trauma involving suspected rupture of the joint capsule or collateral ligaments has been performed since 1975 and the first four and a half years experience is reviewed. More variations in arthrogram appearance were found than previously reported and the appearance recorded elsewhere as being typical of a Stener lesion was not seen in the forty-one arthrograms examined. The selection of patients for surgery produced satisfactory results subjectively and objectively and the arthrographic appearance agreed with the operative findings up to twenty-one days after injury. Some patients were saved from unnecessary surgery by arthrography. PMID- 7319329 TI - Abductor pollicis longus musculo-tendinous split as a replacement motor for ruptured extensor pollicis longus. PMID- 7319330 TI - Tendon transfer for intrinsic-muscle paralysis of the thumb in Charcot-Marie Tooth neuropathy. PMID- 7319331 TI - Restoration of thumb opposition by displacement of extensor pollicis brevis. AB - An operative procedure for functional repair of thumb opposition is described. The extensor pollicis brevis is displaced to the proximal two-thirds of the carpal canal without detachment of its distal end. Twelve patients with combined lesions of the median and ulnar nerve were operated on. Ten patients were followed up from one to six years after the intervention. Restoration of thumb opposition to the middle or to the ring finger was observed in all, in three cases without sufficient pronation. PMID- 7319332 TI - Digital osteomyelitis due to boredom. PMID- 7319333 TI - Subungual Bowen's disease. PMID- 7319334 TI - Phalangeal osteoid osteoma in the hand. PMID- 7319335 TI - Aneurysmal bone cysts of the phalanges. A report of three cases. PMID- 7319336 TI - Scaphoid and lunate dislocation. A report on a case. PMID- 7319337 TI - Ulnar nerve palsy as a complication of synovial osteochondromatosis of the elbow. AB - Synovial osteochondromatosis is a rare disease which usually runs a benign course. The knee, hip, elbow and the small joints of the hands and the wrists are the joints most affected, (Chadwick, 1977; Milgram, 1977; Murphy, 1962) and the common complaints are of swelling and stiffness, sometimes associated with locking and pain. We present a case with symptoms and signs of ulnar nerve palsy, due to synovial osteochondromatosis of the elbow. PMID- 7319338 TI - The thumb web expanding splint: dynamic splintage for traumatic web contracture. PMID- 7319339 TI - A quantitative Allen's test. AB - Allen's test has been performed quantitatively by measuring digital systolic pressure during compression of the radial or ulnar artery at the wrist. The reduction of pressure in normal subjects was less than 25 per cent. Insufficiency of the arterial supply to the hand from the radial artery, the ulnar artery or the palmar arcades can easily be diagnosed from an abnormal reduction in digital systolic pressure during arterial compression. PMID- 7319340 TI - Blocking spur on proximal phalanx. PMID- 7319341 TI - [Advanced heart block in mitral annulus calcification]. PMID- 7319342 TI - [Surgical treatment of postradiation spinal deformity]. PMID- 7319343 TI - [Adenomyosis, clinical and pathological features]. PMID- 7319344 TI - [Tracheostomy with superiorly based tracheostomal flap]. PMID- 7319345 TI - [Reverse flow arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis]. PMID- 7319346 TI - [Hepatobiliary scanning in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 7319347 TI - [Partial prosthetic replacement of the humerus for bone tumors]. PMID- 7319348 TI - [Neurologic complication of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia in childhood]. PMID- 7319349 TI - [Hypoglycemia as a manifestation of sepsis]. PMID- 7319350 TI - [Primary pulmonary hemosiderosis]. PMID- 7319351 TI - [An unusual case of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]. PMID- 7319353 TI - [Primary splenic pregnancy]. PMID- 7319352 TI - [Ultrasound in the diagnosis of popliteal cyst descending into the calf]. PMID- 7319354 TI - [Etiology, pathogenesis and treatment in Bell's palsy]. PMID- 7319355 TI - [Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome]. PMID- 7319356 TI - [Fibronectin]. PMID- 7319357 TI - [Estrogen window hypothesis]. PMID- 7319358 TI - [Adreno-parathyroid axis]. PMID- 7319360 TI - [Infections due to endoscopic instrumentation]. PMID- 7319359 TI - [Eosinophilic fasciitis]. PMID- 7319361 TI - [Interactions between contraceptive pills and other drugs]. PMID- 7319362 TI - [Bovine cervical mucus for the in-vitro human sperm penetration test]. PMID- 7319363 TI - [Psychosomatic diagnosis]. PMID- 7319364 TI - [Renal damage following encephalitis and convulsions]. PMID- 7319365 TI - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Kell sensitization]. PMID- 7319366 TI - [Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome complicating surgical closure of atrial septal defect]. PMID- 7319367 TI - [Vitamin B 12 deficiency: Imerslund syndrome]. PMID- 7319368 TI - [Diastolic mitral valve flutter without aortic regurgitation]. PMID- 7319369 TI - [Total hip replacement in a youth with chondroblastoma]. PMID- 7319370 TI - [Effects of nutrients on carcinogenesis]. PMID- 7319371 TI - [The use of H2-breath test as an estimation of the capacity of carbohydrate absorption]. PMID- 7319372 TI - [Hypnosis in medicine]. PMID- 7319373 TI - [The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone]. PMID- 7319374 TI - [Elevated temperature in the first month of life]. PMID- 7319375 TI - [Selective immune suppression in organ transplantation]. PMID- 7319376 TI - [Oral leukoplakia]. PMID- 7319378 TI - [Digoxin--new views]. PMID- 7319377 TI - [Early gastric cancer]. PMID- 7319379 TI - [Primum non nocere]. PMID- 7319380 TI - [Ruptured chordae tendineae in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 7319381 TI - [Seropositive late onset rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 7319382 TI - [Metronidazole in the prevention of postappendectomy wound infection]. PMID- 7319383 TI - [The Celestin tube in neoplastic obstruction of the esophagus]. PMID- 7319384 TI - [Malignant gastric ulcer]. PMID- 7319385 TI - [Labetalol in resistant hypertension]. PMID- 7319386 TI - [Pseudoxanthoma elasticum in an entire generation of a family]. PMID- 7319387 TI - [Acute hydrops of the gallbladder in childhood]. PMID- 7319388 TI - [Is intubation of the stomach dangerous?]. PMID- 7319389 TI - [Rickets in the very low birth weight infant]. PMID- 7319390 TI - [Immunological dysfunction and increased susceptibility to infection in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood]. PMID- 7319391 TI - [Chronic urticaria]. PMID- 7319392 TI - [Objective structured clinical examination]. PMID- 7319393 TI - [Immunological treatments in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 7319394 TI - [Platelet function in hyperlipidemic patients]. PMID- 7319395 TI - [Cryptococcal meningitis and its treatment]. PMID- 7319396 TI - [The use of lithium in hematology and oncology]. PMID- 7319397 TI - [What is the relationship between sugar consumption and Crohn's disease?]. PMID- 7319398 TI - Development of oncospheres of Taenia saginata after a concomitant infection by oral and subcutaneous routes. AB - Two experimental bulls (weight 200 kg each) were infected with activated oncospheres of Taenia saginata. The infective dose (160,000 oncospheres) was administered twice to each animal, once by oral, once by subcutaneous routes. At 6 hr p.i., a boil appeared at the site of puncture which attained a diameter of 5.5 cm and 6.2 cm respectively within 3 days, and a thickness of 1.8 cm and 2.2 cm. The postmortem disclosed an extremely weak total infestation of the muscles (approximately 30 cysticeri). The inflammatory tissue of subcutaneous foci contained eggs with an embryophore. Part of the eggs were enclosed in multinucleate giant cells. The tissue reaction differed in dependence on the viability of the oncosphere in the egg. Either giant cells were produced as in the presence of a foreign body, or there was a local accumulation of eosinophiles which after their destruction, were replaced by a crystalline conglomerate containing an egg in its centre. In addition, we found young stages of cysticerci affected by dystrophy. Remarkable eosinophile substances observed on the surface both of some eggs and of developing cysticerci (an analogy of the Splendone Hoepli phenomenon) apparently indicated a binding of antibodies to the antigenic structure. PMID- 7319399 TI - [Variation of lipids in rats fed a cholesterol diet (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental hyperlipemia induced by a high cholesterol diet (HCD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated by measuring lipid levels in serum, liver and aorta. For old rats were fed a laboratory chow diet containing 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% of cholesterol, for 6 weeks. Serum total lipid (TL) and total cholesterol (TC) in 1.0% HCD were markedly increased and reached peaks by feeding HCD for 18 to 21 days. Although the degree of increase in serum TL and TC was similar in both 0.5 and 2.0% HCD groups, these levels decreased more rapidly in the former and more slowly in the latter, after the levels had been reached a peak. The serum free cholesterol level reached a peak in those fed 0.5% HCD for 12 days and those fed 1.0% HCD for 21 days, but the subsequent reduction was smaller in extent as compared with serum TL and TC. Serum phospholipid (PL) level reached a peak in those fed both 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups for 12 days and this level was maintained until 42 days in the 1.0% HCD group. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels increased during the first half of the experimental period, but decreased in the second half, with no significant difference between the 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups. Cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HCD-C) decreased in rats on the HCD and there was a tendency toward reversion to normal levels from the 4th week in the group on the 2.0% diet, however, a continual decrease occurred in the 0.5 and 1.0% groups. The change in phospholipid in HDL (HDL-PL) was similar to that of HDL-C in both the 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups. In liver lipids, TL and TC were markedly increased by HCD, but TG increased at first and then decreased as did serum TG. Liver PL decreased by 0.5 and 1.0% HCD groups. In aorta lipids, TL and TC decreased. As a remarkable increase in serum lipids and decrease in HDL-C and HDL-PL were continuous in the 1.0% HCD in comparison with 0.5 or 2.0% HCD, 1.0% HCD appears to be the most suitable experimental model of hyperlipemia in rats. In addition, it is considered that 0.5% HCD is suitable for investigation of the effect of a drug for a relatively short period of treatment. PMID- 7319401 TI - Production and purification of Penicillium citreoviride toxin and its effect on TPP-dependent liver transketolase. AB - The production isolation and purification of a yellow mycotoxin from Penicillium citreoviride NRRL 2579 in different culture media was described. When injected subcutaneously to albino rats it alters the kinetic pattern of transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) in liver in vivo in a competitive manner. In vitro, the inhibition is noncompetitive in nature. However, addition of thiamine diphosphate (TPP) to the in vitro system relieved the inhibitory effect. These findings suggested a relationship between citreoviridin-induced beriberi and the probable antithiamine effect of the toxin. PMID- 7319400 TI - Bacillus stearothermophilus from Saudi Arabian Soils. AB - Ten thermophilic Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from various soils of Saudi Arabia. The strains are spore-forming rods belonging to the species Bacillus stearothermophilus. The cells are motile, strictly aerobic, catalase and oxidase positive. The sporangia appear to be swollen and their position varies from terminal in some to sub-terminal in others. The thermal stability of some enzymes of these bacteria was investigated; extracellular alpha-amylase appears to be very sensitive to pH and temperature. The ultrastructure of these bacteria shows specific changes in the cell wall when grown at the maximum, minimum and optimum growth temperatures, respectively. PMID- 7319402 TI - Effect of dilution rate, pH and temperature on the growth of Chlorella kessleri in a continuous autotrophic culture. AB - In a culture of Chlorella kessleri illuminated with a sodium vapour lamp at 33 degrees C and pH 6.5 the maximum rate of biomass production was 4.5 g L-1 d-1. Of the total volume of 3.6 L or the suspension 2.5 L were placed between two glass concentric cylinders surrounding the tube. Examples of the course of specific growth rate mu in the transient state following jump changes in the dilution rate, pH and temperature are presented. After a jump change of pH or temperature of the suspension maximal and minimal values, respectively, of mu are observed. PMID- 7319403 TI - Correction method for estimating the number of reversions in bacteria. PMID- 7319404 TI - The subtalar articulation: physiology by prints under pressure. PMID- 7319405 TI - Ischaemic changes in the dorsal nucleus (Clarke's column) after ligation of the aorta. PMID- 7319406 TI - Subcellular metabolism of Ca2+ in smooth muscle and myocardium (an ultrahistochemical study). PMID- 7319407 TI - Tentorium in Leptocorisa varicornis Fabr. (Heteroptera -- Coreidae). PMID- 7319408 TI - The hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurosecretory system in some fishes. PMID- 7319409 TI - The cytoarchitecture of the optic tectum of a few fresh water teleost fishes. PMID- 7319410 TI - Neurosecretory cells in Kentrodoris funebris Kelaart, 1859) (Opisthobranchia: Doridacea). PMID- 7319412 TI - Some cytological observations on the fat body of Poecilocerus pictus Fabr. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). PMID- 7319411 TI - Cytological observations in the corpus luteum and resorptive bodies of Periplaneta americana Linn. PMID- 7319413 TI - Studies on the alimentary canal of amphipods: the foregut. PMID- 7319414 TI - The air bladder of a hill stream fish, Glyptothorax telchitta (Ham.). PMID- 7319415 TI - Anatomy of the female reproductive system of Encyclometra japonica, Yoshida and Ozaki, 1929. (Trematoda-Plagiorchiidae). PMID- 7319416 TI - The saccus vasculosus of Ambassis ranga Cuv. and Val. (Teleostei). PMID- 7319417 TI - Histology of testis and proximal part of the male efferent genital system in Aspidomorpha miliaris F. (Coleoptera, Phytophaga, Chrysomelidae). PMID- 7319418 TI - Morphology of the lymphatic organs in some species of monkeys. PMID- 7319419 TI - Ultrastructural changes in guinea pig's epidermis 24 hours after stripping off the stratum corneum. PMID- 7319420 TI - Histochemical localization of lipids, phospholipids and "chromaffin" material in the adrenal gland homologue of some freshwater teleosts. A comparative study. PMID- 7319421 TI - Phylogeny and the problem of adaptative significance: the case of the earliest primates. AB - Methods by which adaptations, particularly in fossils, may be ascertained, are discussed in detail. A scheme for evaluating particular types of characters is offered which should facilitate both predicting value and testability of proposed adaptational hypotheses. It is suggested that studies by Kay and Cartmill which analyzed cranial and dental characters of early Paleogene plesiadapiform primates and marshalled evidence to suggest that these features are indicative of a terrestrial habitus are based on (a) nonphylogenetic and static assumptions, (b) misinterpretation of the form and mechanical attributes of the features analyzed, and (c) employment of irrelevant characters for the establishment of substrate preference. The diverse and now studied postcranial evidence, particularly the pedal and elbow morphology of selected groups of eutherians as well as Paleogene plesiadapiforms and euprimates, is reviewed. It appears that morphological features associated with inversion of the foot and increased radiohumeral mobility in Paleogene primates were present in the common ancestor of the Plesiadapiformes. Having uniquely similar, shared and derived, form-function complexes in the upper and lower ankle, astragalonavicular, and calcaneaocuboid joints, as well as in the known remains of radii and humeri, strongly suggests that these traits evolved for biological roles which are almost invariably associated with an arboreal environment. PMID- 7319423 TI - Social rank and darwinian fitness in a multimale group of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvana Linnaeus, 1758). Dominance reversals and male reproductive success. AB - In a 5-year study data were compared on rank and reproductive success of 3 mature males in a group of barbary macaques who had sired 32 infants on 14 females. The results indicate that the absolute number of offspring as well as the proportion of offspring from higher-ranking females is a function of the male's rank. Asymmetrical access to receptive females was produced by either a high basic rank or by the formation of a coalition, or both of these, which resulted in at least partial exclusion of competitors from reproduction. Rank reversals in basic rank was preceded by severe fights between the opponents involving deep wounds or loss of canine teeth. When such fights occurred they reaped benefits in each case for the challenger, which were measurable in terms of reproductive success. PMID- 7319422 TI - Annual variation in the plasma testosterone in Microcebus murinus. PMID- 7319424 TI - Blood groups of Barbary apes (Macaca sylvanus). AB - 32 Barbary macaques were all found to be secretors of the A and H blood group substances and to have an M-like agglutinogen on their red cells. Hemagglutination tests for other human-type red cell specificities were negative. In contrast, several so-called simian-type specificities were detected on the erythrocytes of Barbary apes by means of the cross-reacting rhesus and baboon antisera. Among these, only the specificities of the graded Drh blood group system were found to be polymorphic in this species of macaques. Blood groups of Barbary apes are compared with those of several other species of macaques and some taxonomic aspects of blood grouping tests are discussed. PMID- 7319426 TI - A comparative study of culturally transmitted patterns of feeding habits in the chacma baboon Papio ursinus and the vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops. AB - Japanese workers have studied social acquisition patterns of new feeding habits in Macaca fuscata which they have termed precultural. The present study investigates the same phenomenon in the chacma baboon and the vervet monkey in their natural habitat. The questions addressed are: (1) How a new feeding habit enters a troop and by which age and sex category, also how it is propagated? (2) When individuals are permitted with a choice between palatable and unpalatable food, can they learn by demonstration only or do they have to pass through a direct learning process? (3) Can the results from the above questions be explained by social parameters such as the social structure of the individual species? It was found that juvenile baboons discover new food and that after the discovery propagation is instantaneous. In vervets discovery is random among the age classes and propagation is slow and takes place through certain 'pivot' individuals. Both species fail to learn about palatability by demonstration but have to go through a direct learning process. This contrasts strongly with the forest baboon Mandrillus sphinx that have been shown to learn by demonstration. Socially, baboon juveniles stay closer to each other than the adults who force them to live at the periphery of the troop. Vervets again forage without precise sub-group formation. The link between social and cultural propagation and social structure is discussed on the basis of these findings. PMID- 7319425 TI - Communities of baboon troops (Papio cynocephalus) in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. A preliminary report. AB - Daily censuses were collected on a troop of 108-130 yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) for 22 months. 12 adult females, 5 subadult males, and 26 adult males either emigrated from or immigrated into the troop. 10 adult females immigrated into the troop over a 4-month period. 2 adult females emigrated from the troop. 1 of the latter probably conceived while absent. This female returned to the troop when pregnant and subsequently bore and successfully raised the offspring. There was a strong negative correlation between the relative size of the subadult males (a correlate of age) and the date on which they emigrated. Only 6 old and past-prime males never emigrated from the troop. PMID- 7319427 TI - A comparison of infant-adult male relations in a one-male group with those in a multi-male group for yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus). AB - We compared interactions between an infant and adult male in a one-male group with those between infants and adult males in a multi-male group in the same area. Proximity interactions in the one-male group were common, like those for dyads in the multi-male group in which the adult male was high-ranking or a likely father of the infant. Contact interactions in the one-male group were rare, like those for dyads in the multi-male group in which the adult male was low-ranking or unlikely to have sired the infant. This suggests that proximity to an adult male is important in coping with the physical environment (similar for both groups), and more contiguous interactions are important in coping with the social environment (more complex in a larger multi-male group). PMID- 7319428 TI - [Studies of the epidermal pattern system of the palms and soles of the howler monkeys (Alouatta) (author's transl)]. AB - The epidermal pattern frequencies and pattern intensity values of the palms and soles are described for 110 male and 80 female howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) including the species A. belzebul, A. seniculus, A. caraya and A. villosa. Interspecific comparisons are made and obvious sex and side differences are noted. The plantar surface tends to show greater interspecific variability than does the palmar surface. A. caraya is possibly the most divergent species of the genus. Comparison of the results with those for Ateles and Lagothrix confirms the aberrant position of Ateles arachnoides. PMID- 7319429 TI - Cytogenetic study of five species of Cercopithecus. AB - The G- and C-banded karyotypes of five species of Cercopithecus are reported. The chromosome numbers are: for C. ascanius katangae 2 n = 66 (XX); for C. petaurista petaurista 2 n = 66 (XY); for C. mona mona 2 n = 68 (XX); for C. pogonias grayi 2 n = 72 (XY) and for C. hamlyni 2 n = 64 (XY). We always found three types of chromosome: metacentric, sub-metacentric and acrocentric. The 'marker chromosomes' typical of the Cercopithecidae are of the last type. The karyotype of C. pogonias grayi shows a characteristic pair of acrocentric autosomes which is again found in the hybrid karyotypes. PMID- 7319430 TI - Correction of hypermobile flatfoot in children by molded insert. AB - One hundred feet in 50 children between the ages of 3 and 9 years with a diagnosis of idiopathic hypermobile flatfoot had a custom-molded insert ordered. A specific method of casting, correcting the various components of the deformity was utilized. An 1/8-inch polypropolene insert was fabricated from the positive cast. The insert was worn in leather shoes with a long counter, steel shank, and Thomas heel. The flatfoot was evaluated and classified by measurement of the talometatarsal angle on a standing lateral X-ray. The insert was fabricated so that the standing lateral talometatarsal angle was corrected to neutral with the insert on the foot and the foot in the shoe. The preliminary reports indicate that a correction can be obtained at the rate of 0.41 degrees per month or approximately 5 degrees per year. There was no significant loss of motion of the foot or the ankle. Perhaps this regimen may be utilized in those children with a hypermobile flatfoot for whom treatment is advised. PMID- 7319431 TI - Radiographic measurements of the normal adult foot. AB - Various radiographic measurements of the normal adult foot have been reported in both early and recent literature; however, a complete description of radiographic quantitative data has yet to be reported. The purpose of this study is to describe the range of the normal foot using standard radiographic techniques that can be applied to the clinical setting. This should provide the data necessary for the accurate interpretation of foot radiographs. This study demonstrates the wide variation in bony relationships of the normal adult foot. When certain recognized criteria of radiographic measurements were evaluated, some were found to be defined as too narrow or inaccurate. Most importantly, because of this wide range, surgical procedures to produce radiographic homogeneity are not indicated. Treatment should be directed specifically toward areas of pain and not radiographic appearance. PMID- 7319432 TI - Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. AB - A series of 41 first toe metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodeses performed in 28 patients was subjectively and objectively evaluated by personal interview, physical examination, and follow-up X-rays. The length of the post-operative follow-up ranged from 5 to 58 months, with an average of 35 months. The overall rate of fusion was 95%. Excellent or good results were obtained in 28 procedures, representing 68% of the study of the patients. Utilizing this procedure in the treatment of severe forefoot deformities, secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, demonstrated that 85% of the patients obtained excellent or good results, and, in the treatment of patients with failed bunion surgery, 53% obtained excellent or good results. PMID- 7319433 TI - Foot and ankle manifestations of Reiter's syndrome. AB - If one were to characterize the clinical presentation of Reiter's syndrome in the feet and ankles, it would be that of pain associated with mild to moderate swelling and tenderness without significant erythema. These changes would occur most commonly at the posterior calcaneus, metatarsophalangeal joint, and phalangeal regions. The ankles will usually show an effusion. It is very uncommon for the subtalar region, midfoot region, or even the metatarsal shaft area to be involved. Roentgenographic changes were present in similar frequency as in physical findings. Erosions and soft tissue swelling affect the forefoot and ankle while "spurring" and erosions affect the hindfoot. It is readily apparent that no single clinical finding or radiographic change indicates Reiter's syndrome. The type and location of foot pain is what should prompt the physician to seek further elements allowing the diagnosis of Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 7319434 TI - Stenosing tenosynovitis of the pseudosheath of the tendo Achilles. AB - This entity consists of a chronic inflammatory process of peritenon of the tendo Achilles (usually bilateral) at variable points of the tendon itself but usually near the insertion in the Achilles. Its occurrence, but not only in runners but in relatively sedentary individuals of both sexes, seems to be the result of microtrauma of stress with insidious onset of local pain in increasing degree with physical activity. Clinically, in the advanced cases, fibrillation, nodulation, and "yellowing" of the edematous tendon occur and probably are a precursor to later ruptures. Pathological changes consist of one or more of the following: a myxomatous degeneration of collagenous tissue; fibrosis; round cell inflammatory infiltrate; and proliferation of fibrovascular connective tissue. The use of steroid injections seems to be of no help and probably is contraindicated. Surgery consists of excision of the entire pseudosheath, allowing the tendon to assume a new, nonconstricting alignment. All but one of the nine patients with a follow-up of at least 1 year went on to clinical, painless recovery, with unrestricted future activity, in just a few months. PMID- 7319435 TI - The dysvascular foot: a system for diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 7319436 TI - [How far are our patients educable?]. AB - Only 10-20% of all patients could be made to understand in depths the medical information supplied to them regarding their illness and the therapeutic risks involved. 30-40% of patients did not understand the medical information at all. The resulting consequences of the above facts are discussed and suggestions for improvement of medical information of patients are made. PMID- 7319437 TI - [What value does laboratory diagnosis have in acute abdomen?]. AB - 1. We found in a prospective study with routine laboratory tests: As a single test only amylase is of certain value, but there are 27% false positive results in peritonitis and intestinal obstruction. 2. Our standardized program can help to evaluate disturbed vital functions and so far improve pre- and postoperative treatment. 3. A high risk is given by simultanously alterated acid-base-balance, blood sugar and creatinine; but these findings are showing shock, not acute abdomen. 4. Laboratory procedures are of no help to the practitioner; they must not delay the early lifesaving operation. PMID- 7319438 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of blunt abdominal injuries]. AB - In 190 patients with blunt abdominal trauma a sonogramm was made after admission. In 25 cases blood and fluid had accumulated in the abdominal cavity. In 24 cases diagnosis was correct. In patients who had organ lesions without fluid in the abdominal cavity the injured organ could be determined in 22 out of 25 cases. The danger of late liver and spleen ruptures existed in patients with organ hematomas. False positive results regarding fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity were found in 3 out of 165 patients. PMID- 7319439 TI - [Long-term radioactive implants in the therapy of prostate cancer. A new technic in radiotherapy]. PMID- 7319440 TI - [The combination preparation VisanoCor in patients with angina pectoris with special monitoring of urinary catecholamines]. AB - In 18 patients with clinically confirmed arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris attacks and myocardial infarction, a distinct recession of catecholamines (adrenalin and noradrenalin were determined separately) was found in urine, also, a normalization of blood fat parameters. Frequency and intensity of angina pectoris attacks regressed. It is discussed that these effects might be explained by the special composition of VisanoCor. PMID- 7319441 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid passage of therapeutic immunoglobulins of the IgG class in infectious inflammatory disease of the CNS]. AB - Immunoglobulins are often used as an optimizing therapy in cases of infectious diseases of the central nervous system. To clarify the question of whether or not an intravenously administered compound of the IgG class is able to penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid barrier despite its high molecular weight, 12 anti-HBs negative patients received 20 ml each of a beta-Propiolacton treated IgG compound with a high anti-HBs titre (1 : 115 000) used as a marker. Four patients having an inconspicuous fluid condition were consulted for control. Five patients were suffering from slight disturbances and three other patients had severe disorders of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function resulting from inflammatory diseases of the central nervous systems. Cerebrospinal fluid was produced by way of lumbar puncture resp. drainage for the determination of anti-HBs. Simultaneously, the concentration of antibodies in serum was determined. In all patients having barrier disturbances, anti-HBs was evident in the cerebrospinal fluid, the transfer of intravenously administered immunoglobulins to cerebrospinal fluid increasing in correlation with the degree of the barrier disorder. The therapeutical importance of immunoglobulin therapy in treating infections of the central nervous system is pointed out. PMID- 7319442 TI - [The practice of psychosomatic medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319443 TI - [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of diffuse lung diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319444 TI - [Tissue mast cells in benign soft tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319445 TI - [Experimental models for graft-versus-host reaction in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319446 TI - [Prognosis of newborns with transposition of the great arteries after balloon atrioseptostomy and after surgical atrial inversion (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319447 TI - [Surgical treatment in complex forms of complete transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319448 TI - [Right ventricular function in patients with transposition of the great arteries after atrial inversion (Mustard procedure) (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-nine patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and intact ventricular septum underwent hemodynamic and angiocardiographic investigation 18,8 +/- 5,8 months after inflow correction (Mustard). The mean age at operation was 14,6 +/- 7,5 months and in all, a good anatomical result was achieved. The hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac index, pressures in all heart chambers as well as in the venous channels and arterial vessels were found within normal limits. The end-diastolic volume of the right ventricle (RVEDV) was closely correlated to body surface area (r = 0,697). It increased, however, more rapidly than in children with normal hearts. Mean RVEDV/m2 was 86 +/- 8 ml which is 123 +/- 10% of the normal values for children (70 +/- 13 ml) according to Graham et al. The mean ejection fraction (EF) of the right ventricle (58 +/- 7%) was only slightly below the normal range (65 +/- 7%). Thus, a good hemodynamic function of the RV can be assumed at least for the early postoperative years after a Mustard operation. It remains open, however, if the more rapid increase of RVEDV/m2 expresses the RV adjustment to the afterload of the systemic circulation or if this should be interpreted as an early sign of RV functional impairment. PMID- 7319449 TI - [Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic studies after the senning procedure in patients with complete transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319450 TI - [Experience with 208 "screw-in" type pacemaker leads with particular reference to atrial positioning (author's transl)]. AB - In 190 patients, 208 "screw-in" type pacemaker leads were implanted; 147 in the right ventricle and 61 in the right atrium. There was no significant difference in the time required for atrial (54.7 +/- 19 min) or ventricular fixation (56.0 +/- 25 min). Similarly, fluoroscopy times for both atrial (6.3 +/- 4 min) and ventricular positioning (8.1 +/- 6 min) were equivalent. In the subsequent follow up period ranging from one to 23 months, only one dislocation of a "screw-in" type atrial lead was seen, and that in a patient with "twiddler syndrome". Otherwise, in patients in whom the lead was securely implanted, no evidence of dislocation has been observed. In one patient "under-sensing" developed subsequent to repositioning for exit-block. In this patient population, the use of "screw-in" type electrodes, in particular through facilitation of atrial positioning, has substantially lessened the rate of pacemaker complications. PMID- 7319453 TI - [Studies on physiological changes due to prolonged standing posture (author's transl)]. AB - In relation to static work, an experiment has been made with intention to examine the influence of maintaining standing posture for a long time on human body. The results are as follows: 1) Fluctuation waves of the body weight were classified into two types: type A, a higher amplitude with slow waves, and type B, a lower amplitude with rapid waves. 2) Spectrum analysis on the fluctuation waves of the body weight indicated that type A showed a gradual lowering in relative power in proportion to the wave frequency with the lapse of time, but type B showed a peak in power at around 10 Hz and it increased with the lapse ot time. 3) Action potentials from the left and right gastrocnemium muscles decreased almost simultaneously with the lapse of time in type A with a significant correlation between the left and right, while in type B there was no certain relation between the left and right as well as with the lapse of time. 4) The body weight tended to concentrate on the heel of the dominant foot with the lapse of time. 5) The brain alpha waves increased with the lapse of time, accompanying with a periodical change. 6) In the relationship between the brain alpha waves and the action potential from the gastrocnemius muscle, there was the same cycle at about 1.5 Hz and no change was seen with the lapse of time. 7) There was no significant change in the function of maintaining concentration (TAF). These results suggest that: 1) Besides the reflex mechanism existed as physiological tremor through the stretch reflex loop in maintaining a standing posture, there is a regulation mechanism working to keep balance of the body through the visual organ. 2) The standing posture itself is not always a big stress factor to human body. 3) On the stress by monotonous work, it is necessary to analyse the physiological and psychological load on human body. PMID- 7319451 TI - [The effects of nitroglycol at low concentrations (author's transl)]. AB - In the first experiment of the present study, low concentrations of nitroglycol (ethylene glycol dinitrate) which are doses corresponding to the amounts of occupational exposure, were administered to 13 mongrel dogs and the changes of blood pressure (BP) cardiac output (CO), coronary blood flow (CBF) and femoral blood flow (FBF) were observed. A multichannel square wave electromagnetic blood flowmeter was used to measure the blood flows. After the administration of nitroglycol, fall of BP and increases of CO, CBF and FBF were observed. The increase of CBF were recognized more than 1 microgram of Ng per kg of body weight. As 50-200 micrograms/kg nitroglycol was administered intravenously, although a transient increase of CBF was found, the decrease of CBF for a relatively long period was followed. This fact suggested that a state of disadvantage for the coronary circulation was caused. In the second experiment, nitroglycol concentrations in blood and urine in 22 workers in a dynamite factory were measured by Gotell's method. 0-145 ng/ml nitroglycol was detected in the blood after work, with high levels being noted in workers who had frequent exposure to skin absorption. The relationship between the nitroglycol concentration in blood of the workers and the experimental results in dogs was assessed and valuable suggestions concerning further research in the study of chronic exposure to nitroglycol at low concentration were obtained. PMID- 7319452 TI - [Effect of gonadectomy on juxtaglomerular cells in mice: qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Effect of gonadectomy on juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney was examined by qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy. Mice were gondectomized at 25 or 60 days of age and examined at 110 days of age. For quantitative analysis, the volume ratios of nucleus, specific granules, Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to cell were obtained stereologically. In normal mice, the juxtaglomerular cells contained numerous specific granules. The Golgi apparatus was not well developed and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was generally flat and short in profile. In males castrated at 25 days, the specific granules were significantly increased in amount. In male castrated at 60 days, the specific granules were increased in amount, and the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum were well developed. Crystalline granules were frequently seen around the Golgi area. In females, ovariectomy caused no significant change in juxtaglomerular cells. PMID- 7319457 TI - [Attempt at therapy of leukemia cells with induction of differentiation]. PMID- 7319456 TI - [Disturbances of consciousness in later life-- with special references to delirium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319454 TI - Subcellular distribution of alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase in rat liver. AB - Most alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) synthase of rat liver was found distributed in the light mitochondrial fraction which was enriched with lysosomes and peroxisomes. Further separation of the lysosomes and peroxisomes in the liver light mitochondrial fraction of the rats injected with Triton WR-1339 was carried out by centrifugation in the sucrose density gradient. After the centrifugation, the enzyme distribution was compared with that of the different marker enzymes which revealed that alkyl-DHAP synthase was primarily localized in the peroxisomes. When the rats were fed a diet supplemented with clofibrate, which is known to induce the proliferation of peroxisomes, the synthase activity of the liver increased about 1.5 to 1.7 times more than that of the control. These results supplied further evidence for the localization of synthase in peroxisomes. PMID- 7319458 TI - [Experimental studies on metabolism of iron overload in dogs with carbon tetrachloride induced chronic hepatic injury (author's transl)]. AB - In order to clarify the influence of iron overload in the liver, histological and histochemical examinations were performed on the dogs to which colloidal iron (chondroitin sulfuric iron) as well as inorganic iron (ferrous sulfate) was intravenously administered for a long period. The experimental animals were firstly divided into two groups were respectively subdivided into three groups; the two corresponding to the injected irons and the one with no iron injection. Also the liver iron content was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry when the animals were sacrificed. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Even in the group in which only CCl4 was given without any iron solution, positive iron granules were found in Kupffer cells or macrophages at the central necrotic zone of hepatic lobules. The liver iron content was 80.15 +/- 25.74 microgram/100mg wet weight and higher than that of 35.20 +/- 6.13 micro/100mg.w. w. in normal control group, however, there were no significant difference between these two values (Fig. 1). 2) In the group in which only colloidal iron was given, iron deposition was limited to the Kupffer cells and did not appear in hepatocytes unless the liver content reached to 978.0 microgram/100mg.w.w.. On the contrary, in the group in which only inorganic iron was given, positive iron granules were already found in hepatocytes at the peripheral zone of hepatic lobules with liver iron content of 157.7 microgram/100mg.w.w.. 3) In the group in which inorganic iron was administered with CCl4, positive iron granules were found in hepatocytes, even though the level of liver iron content was as low as 81.86 microgram/100mg.w.w. being far lower than that in the group without CCl4. 4) Liver iron content was well correlated with the duration of administration of iron solution, irrespective the kinds of injected iron. And the slope of the regression line in the group in which only colloidal iron was given was steeper than that in the group in which only inorganic iron was administered (Fig. 2). And also the slope of the regression line in the group in which colloidal iron was administered with CCl4 was steeper than that in the group without CCl4 (Fig. 3). 5) In the group in which colloidal iron was administered with CCl4, marked iron deposition was observed in Kupffer cells or macrophages at the central necrotic zone of hepatic lobules, and accompanied by hepatic fibrosis in chronic cases. These results indicate that the long-term administration of colloidal iron may accelerate the hepatic fibrosis when chronic hepatic injury co-existed, even if it seems that it is mostly metabolized in reticuloendothelial system of the liver. PMID- 7319455 TI - [Underlying mechanism of favorable effect of Ca++-antagonists on conduction delay observed in ischemic myocardium (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of Ca++-antagonists on the conduction delay observed in the ischemic myocardium were studied in open-chest anesthetized dogs. Complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 5 or 10 min under a constant atrial pacing produced conduction delay in the ischemic zone. Lidocaine which was administered prior to the LD occlusion increased the conduction delay, whereas Ca++-antagonists, verapamil and diltiazem, reduced the ischemia-induced conduction delay. To determine whether the coronary vasodilating action of these Ca++-antagonists can play a role in reducing the ischemia-induced conduction delay by means of increasing the collateral blood flow, the effects of these Ca++ antagonists were compared with those of other coronary vasodilating drugs on the coronary circulation and the ischemia-induced conduction delay. Administration of verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, nitroglycerin+phenylephrine and dipyridamole increased both the blood flow of the left circumflex coronary artery and the regional myocardial blood flow at LAD area, whereas nitroglycerin alone decreased and isosorbide dinitrate hardly affected them. Nevertheless, only drugs possessing a slow channel blocking action, i.e. verapamil, diltiazem and a large dose of nifedipine, improved the conduction delay. Effects of verapamil on the conduction delay and potassium efflux induced by global myocardial ischemia were evaluated in isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Perfusion with a modified Tyrode solution containing 10-1000 ng/ml of verapamil prior to 7 min of global ischemia significantly prevented the intramyocardial conduction delay. However, the potassium efflux into the coronary effluents during ischemia and 1 min after reperfusion was not significantly reduced by verapamil. These results indicate that the favorable effect of Ca++-antagonists on the ischemia-induced conduction delay is not associated with the improvement of coronary circulation or the reduction of potassium efflux from the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 7319459 TI - [Ontogenesis of circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone in rats: period for setting the phase angle of hormone rhythm and role of mothers (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319460 TI - [Cytotoxic natural anti-tumor antibodies against fibrosarcoma and glioma cells in rats (author's transl)]. AB - The presence of natural anti-tumor antibodies (NAA) against fibrosarcoma- and glioma cells was revealed in the normal sera of 10 different strains of rats. By means of a direct cytotoxicity test using guinea-pig complement and an absorption tests, NAA in inbred WKA/Hok rats were observed to be cytotoxically reactive to all investigated syngeneic and allogeneic fibrosarcoma lines and one glioma line, but not to hepatoma, lymphoma, leukemia, and neurinoma lines. Moreover, NAA reactivity to fibrosarcoma cells was significantly absorbed with brain, lung, kidney, skin homogenates, and cultured normal fibroblasts of syngeneic rats, but not with liver homogenates, thymus, spleen, lymph node and red blood cells. NAA were identified as being predominantly IgM and were stables at 56 degree C for 30 min. With the exception of one strain, there were no strain or sex differences in NAA levels among any of the investigated strains of rats. The level of NAA correlated with the in vivo anti-tumor response: when NAA-reactive fibrosarcoma or glioma cells were implanted into syngeneic WKA/Hok rats, groups of rats with high NAA levels suppressed tumor growth and survived longer than groups of rats with low NAA levels, while there was no difference in length of survival days in NAA non-reactive hepatoma or lymphoma cells. When 3-methylcholanthrene was inoculated into these two groups of rats, the tumor incidence in the groups of rats with high NAA level was significantly suppressed as compared to the group of rats with low NAA level. We discuss the mechanism of the induction of NAA in relation to the anti-tumor immunity. PMID- 7319461 TI - [Survey on intestinal Behcet's disease in Hokkaido (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of intestinal Behcet's disease is not common so that misdiagnosis with inappropriate treatment often results in death. Due to this circumstance intestinal Behcet's disease is noted as a very serious complication of Behcet's disease. The identity of intestinal Behcet's disease and its patient manifestation remain obceure. As members of the national project team for intestinal Behcet's disease, we surveyed the state of intestinal Behcet's disease in Hokkaido. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The occurrence in Hokkaido of intestinal Behcet's disease is higher than the national average in concordance with a high rate of Behcet's disease itself. 2) Intestinal Behcet's disease, incomplete type, was observed to be more frequent in the female which differs from the other complications of Behcet's disease. 3) Ulcers which develop in the ileus are apt to perforate (85.7%) giving rise to frequent emergency operations. On the other hand, ulcers in the ascending colon are not as liable to the perforate (25.0%). 4) Ulcers which develop in the ileum are often round with the part under the surface being quite deep and large. Ulcers in the ascending colon are usually of various shapes and are not very deep. 5) Through a retrospective review of the cases of Behcet's disease, the probability of an ulcer occurring or not is difficult to predict at this time. PMID- 7319462 TI - [Cell culture of normal human epidermis and skin cancer with 3T3 feeders. The establishment of a cancer cell line and its application to the study for the immune response of the autologous patient (author's transl)]. AB - Normal human epidermal cells were cultured with 3T3 feeders, which increased the efficiency of colony formation and promoted the development of colonies. The fact that some colony formation and development were obtained in the cell culture of the adult epidermis, which had been supposed to be difficult, suggests that this technique with 3T3 feeders may be applied to the culture of the diseased epidermis, for instance, dyskeratoses. Another application of 3T3 feeders was made to the culture of skin cancer cells, and a cell line in vitro (HSC-1) was established from a case of skin squamous cell carcinoma. The established cell line was used for the immunological study against the autologous patient who was alive with recurrence of tumor. The immunofluorescent test revealed slightly positive IgG, or C3 on the cell surface of less than 1% of HSC-1 cells. The cellular immunity was negative in the patient against the autologous cell line. However, "Natural Killer"-like cytotoxicity was observed in vitro, both in autologous and allogeneic combinations. PMID- 7319463 TI - [Study on controling the precision of the first screening in mass survey for stomach cancer (author's transl)]. AB - This thesis deals with he development of a new method for controling the precision of the first screening in the mass survey for stomach cancer, which obtained the desired result. The method of assuming the false negative case in the first screening by using the Accidentally Detected Cancer in the Close Examination (ADC) was developed, for which was named the ADC method. The mass survey of Hokkaido Anti Cancer Association was the object of this study for the estimation of validity of the ADC method. The precision was investigated according to the year, the location, the size, the type and the depth of invasion of stomach cancer. The object was the mass survey from 1970 to 1976, the total examined reached 777,058 and the number of detected cancer amounted to 991. The false negative rate (FNR) investigated by the ADC method was 28.3%, and the precision rose annually. As for the location, FNR was high in case of the greater curvature, the anterior wall, and the posterior wall. In the small lesion as well as the shallow depth of invasion, FNR was high and so was in elevated type. It seems that these results correspond with the former reports and the common idea, which indicate the validity of the ADC method which was developed. The same kind of FNR in the same object was investigated by using the follow up study which had been the common method for assuming the false negative case, and the ADC method proved to be better compared with that. PMID- 7319464 TI - [On the etiology of diabetic hyperlipidemia from the aspects of the metabolism of ApoHDL (author's transl)]. AB - Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rats with streptozotocin. Lipoproteins obtained by ultracentrifugation and column chromatography were analyzed. Some groups of rats fed on high cholesterol diet for 3 weeks, others were fed on normal chow. I) In diabetic rats fed on normal chow, the following results were obtained. i) Hypertriglyceridemia, even in fasting state, occurred in the rats whose fasting blood sugar exceeded 270 mg/dl. High density lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol was neither increased, nor decreased. ii) An apoCII peptide, known as the activator of lipoprotein lipase, was decreased in plasma HDL of diabetic rats with hypertriglyceridemia (48% of norm). In diabetic rats without hypertriglyceridemia, the CII peptide was not decreased. iii) An apo E peptide in HDL was decreased significantly (28%-41% of norm). iv) The potency of apoHDL derived from diabetic rats with hypertriglyceridemia for activating lipoprotein lipase was considerably decreased, compared to normal apoHDL. II) In diabetic rats fed on high cholesterol diet (DMC-rats), striking alterations in plasma lipoproteins occurred. i) Compared to normal fed on high cholesterol diet, plasma total cholesterol level rose significantly (7 fold), with an appreciable increase in levels of phospholipids and triglycerides. HDL-cholesterol was decreased. ii) An abnormal peak appeared on agarose column chromatogram. This lipoprotein was estimated to possess an apoE-AII peptide complex, addition to apoB, E, C, AI and AIV, and showed one major band (having a slightly slower mobility than VLDL) and one minor band (alpha mobility) on electrophoresis, and exhibited two types of particles on electronmicroscopy. Diameters of these particles were 40.6 +/- 36.7 A, and 240.3 +/- 47.4 A. iii) The HDL of DMC-rats also had the apoE-AII complex. These results may suggest that the decrease in apoCII in HDL cause the diabetic hypertriglyceridemia, and the apoE-AII complexes observed in cholesterol feeding hinder the incorporation of lipoproteins into the liver. PMID- 7319465 TI - Recovery of secretin in acid small intestinal lumen perfusates in the rabbit. AB - Immunoreactive secretin concentrations were measured in femoral venous plasma and in intestinal perfusates during acid and neutral perfusion of small intestinal segments in anesthetized rabbits. Steady-state plasma and luminal secretin concentrations were less than 20 pg/ml. Duodenal perfusion with with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid stimulated peak plasma immunoreactive secretin concentrations of 200 - 300 pg/ml within five minutes. Acid stimulated plasma concentrations remained constant during 30 minutes of perfusion. Secretin output into the acid perfusate (2000 - 4000 pg/min) accompanied the release into plasma. Subsequent perfusion with a neutral solution resulted in a rapid return to steady-state plasma and luminal secretin concentrations. Sequential acid perfusion of the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum stimulated similar concentrations of secretin in plasma and luminal perfusates. PMID- 7319466 TI - Seasonal variation in the response of adipose tissue to a serum fat-mobilizing factor may be explained in terms of reduced availability of fat cell receptors. AB - The lipolytic activity of serum obtained from fasted rats on rat isolated rat cells, exhibits seasonal trends. If it is assumed that the serum lipolytic agonist combines with receptors on fat cell membranes, and that the measured physiological response (glycerol release) is proportional to the number of such combinations, then the observed seasonal variation could be due to changes in serum concentration of lipolytic agonist, or the sensitivity of cells towards the same concentration of agonist (or both). On the basis of the observations described herein, it is proposed that the seasonal fluctuation in fat cell sensitivity is the result of some measure of altered availacbility of receptors for the lipolytic agonist. Possible changes in the concentration of circulating agonist, which were not investigated, may also play a role. PMID- 7319467 TI - Muscle LPL activity, plasma and muscle triglycerides in trained thyroidectomized rats. AB - A training-induced increase in muscle LPL activity was found only in euthyroid animals. However, muscle LPL activity is already elevated in non-exercised thyroid-deficient rats. Training caused similar or greater decreases in muscle and plasma TG levels in hypothyroid as compared to euthyroid animals. These data indicate that training-induced changes in TG metabolism are not dependent on an euthyroid status and suggest that a hypothyroid status may enhance TG utilization during exercise. PMID- 7319468 TI - Serum prolactin and oestradiol levels in women with cyclical mastalgia. AB - Basal serum prolactin and serum oestradiol-17-beta concentrations were measured four times during one menstrual cycle in 20 women with severe cyclical mastalgia and normal to slightly fibroadenotic breasts. A group of 10 normal women who had never experienced mastalgia served as controls. Basal serum prolactin was significantly elevated in patients compared to normals, although within the normal range. Serum oestradiol concentrations did not differ in the two groups and were also within the normal range. A significant positive correlation between oestradiol and prolactin was found in patients and normals, but with larger prolactin levels in patients. The results point towards a prolactin secretory hypersensitivity for oestradiol in patients with cyclical mastalgia. Prolactin is considered a central factor in the eliciting of cyclical mastalgia. PMID- 7319471 TI - Serum gastrin levels in patients with acromegaly. PMID- 7319470 TI - Correlation between serum calcitonin and calcium levels and bone calcium contents in rats. AB - The serum calcium and calcitonin levels and the calcium content of femora were measured in rats from the time of birth till 1.5 years of age. The serum calcium level was within the normal range of variation all over the measuring period with a high on the 10th day and a low on the 50th day of age. The serum calcitonin level was the highest in newborn animals, the lowest in 50-day old animals and reached a steady level with a slow rise on 120th day of age. The bone mineralisation abruptly increased in young animals and reached a constant value on the 20th day of age. The correlation of these values with the number of C cells determined previously in different ages is discussed. PMID- 7319469 TI - 3',5'-diiodothyronine release from perfused dog thyroids. AB - A new radioimmunoassay for 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) is described. The detection limit was 1-2 pmol/l with a sample size of 200 microliters. Cross reaction with T4, T3, and rT3 was 0.005, 0.003, and 1.3% respectively. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 5.1% and 9.2%. Dilution curves of effluent from perfused thyroid lobes of thyroid hydrolysate were parallel to the standard curve. By addition of 3',5'-T2 or rT3 standards to thyroid effluent sampling tubes or to thyroid homogenate before hydrolysis it was ascertained that no artifactual loss of 3',5'-T2 or generation of 3',5'-T2 from rT3 was taking place during collection and storage of thyroid effluent or during hydrolysis of thyroid homogenate. 3',5'-T2 was measured in effluent from perfused thyroids and in hydrolysate of the thyroids in six mongrel dogs. Only minute amounts of 3',5' T2 was found: 1.66 +/- 0.41 pmol/mg thyroid wet weight (mean +/- SD) in hydrolysate, around 20 pmol/l in thyroid effluent during control perfusion and around 170 pmol/l during prolonged infusion of 100 micro U/ml bovine TSH. By measuring the apparent 3',5'-T2 concentration in perfusion medium with added T4 and rT3 standard corresponding to the amounts present in thyroid effluent samples, and dilutions of thyroid hydrolysates it was excluded that T4 and rT3 interference could account for more than maximally 20% of the measured 3',5'-T2. Thus 3',5'-T2 is present in the thyroid and secreted from the thyroid, but only in very small amounts. PMID- 7319472 TI - Effect of infusion of normal plasma on lipoproteins in type III hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 7319473 TI - Reaction of mersalyl with mitochondrial proteins under native and denaturing conditions as exemplified by the identification and isolation of the phosphate carrier. AB - Pig heart mitochondria were incubated with [203Hg]mersalyl and the radioactive pattern was analyzed by fluorography after dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. No differences in the radioactivity distribution were found after labeling with various mersalyl concentrations, at different pH and after labeling in the native or dodecyl sulfate-dissociated state of mitochondria. A redistribution of [203Hg]mersalyl between various proteins in the presence of dodecyl sulfate could directly be demonstrated by mixing labeled membranes with unlabeled matrix proteins, as well as by comparison of the radioactivity patterns of whole mitochondria labeled with irreversibly reacting N-([2-3H]ethyl)maleimide and reversibly binding [203Hg]mersalyl. From these data it is concluded that under native conditions mersalyl is principally bound to the phosphate carrier protein, whereas during dissociation in dodecyl sulfate the organomercurial is redistributed and mainly attached to the ADP/ATP-carrier protein. PMID- 7319474 TI - Lectin mediates homing of sialidase-treated erythrocytes of the liver as revealed by scintigraphy. AB - Mammalian erythrocytes loose their normal circulatory pattern following desialylation by sialidase and are trapped in the liver. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon has been studied by a new scintigraphic method. We report here that the retention of asialo-erythrocytes in the liver is due to the interaction between a lectin-like receptor on Kupffer cells and terminal D galactosyl residues exposed on erythrocytes after sialidase treatment. The major findings supporting the conclusion are: First, kinetics of asialo-erythrocyte accumulation in the liver are identical in conventional and germfree animals, demonstrating that the presence of serum antibody is not essential. Second, trapping of asialo-erythrocytes can be substantially inhibited by intravenous injection of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine or galactosylated bovine serum albumin, other saccharides or glycoproteins are less or not at all effective. This specificity pattern is characteristic for the D-galactose-specific lectin on Kupffer cells. It therefore appears that the retention of sialidase-treated erythrocytes in the liver is lectin- and not antibody mediated. PMID- 7319476 TI - Purification of the insulin receptor protein from porcine liver membranes. AB - Insulin receptor protein was isolated from porcine liver membranes. Starting with 600 g of liver, the plasma membrane-enriched fraction with extracted with detergent. After AcA 34 gel chromatography, affinity chromatography and DEAE Sephacel chromatography an insulin receptor preparation was obtained which was 2500-fold purified over crude homogenate and which had a specific binding activity of up to 1 x 10(-9) mol insulin/mg protein. The yield was 200 micrograms. Analysis of binding data according to Scatchard resulted in curvilinear plots and substantially the same affinity constants with the membrane preparation and also with the purified insulin receptor protein. Dodecyl sulfate gradient gel electrophoresis of the purified insulin receptor protein showed up to eight protein bands in the range from 38 to 175 kDa. The main bands indicate an apparent molecular mass of 38, 60, 80, 120 and 150 kDa for the insulin receptor-binding protein subunits. PMID- 7319475 TI - Involvement of membrane galactose in the in vivo and in vitro sequestration of desialylated erythrocytes. AB - The influence of terminal beta-galactose residues for the in vitro and in vivo sequestration of sialidase-treated erythrocytes by macrophages was investigated. Preincubation of rat peritoneal macrophages with galactose, oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids with terminal beta-galactose residues inhibits both binding and phagocytosis of sialidase-treated erythrocytes by masking a beta galactose-specific lectin on the macrophage cell membrane. These inhibition studies show that binding via demasked erythrocyte surface beta-galactosyl residues to this lectin is necessary for the subsequent phagocytosis step. According to these observations, repeated injections of lactose (30mM serum concentration) and asialo-fetuin (10-30 microM serum concentration) into the blood stream of rabbits led to a reduction of the rapid sequestration rate of sialidase-treated erythrocytes. Asialo-fetuin proved to be a much more potent inhibitor than lactose, in accordance with the in vitro experiments. This inhibition is reversible, as after the disappearance of the inhibitory effect, the sialidase-treated erythrocytes were again rapidly removed from the circulation to an extent similar to that of the experiments without inhibitors. No significant influence on binding and phagocytosis was measured in the presence of sialyllactose and native fetuin in vitro, or of native fetuin on sequestration in vivo. The experiments with rabbits show that a beta-galactosyl-specific lectin seems to be involved in the mechanism of sequestration of desialylated erythrocytes in vivo, as has been observed in vitro with rat peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 7319477 TI - Hemocyanins in spiders, XVI[1]. Subunit topography and a model of the quaternary structure of Eurypelma hemocyanin. AB - Specific antibodies were prepared against the individual subunits of the hemocyanin isolated from the tarantula Eurypelma californicum. From the antibodies, the monovalent antigen-binding fragments (Fab) were made by papain treatment. Native 37S hemocyanin was incubated with individual Fab species and the labelling of the seven subunits (a, b, c, d, e, f and g) analyzed by electron microscopy. Specific labelling patterns were found for each Fab, which allowed the allocation of specific positions to each subunit within the (4 x 6)-subunit oligomer. Along the large cleft which separates the two dodecameric half molecules, subunits f, b, c, f are located; e forms the four corners of the 37S particle, while a is found on both sides of the small cleft which separates the two hexamers within each dodecamer, d is close to a on the outer long edges, and g close to f at the side of the particle. These results and those obtained previously by means of partial dissociation and reassembly experiments, confirm and support each other, allowing the construction of a model of the quaternary structure of Eurypelma hemocyanin. PMID- 7319478 TI - Analysis of human fibrinopeptides by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - During coagulation, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin, whereby fibrin and low molecular mass peptides, the so-called fibrinopeptides, are released. A novel method, employing high-performance liquid chromatography, has been developed for the separation and quantitation of these peptides. For the chromatography a reversed phase column was used. The fibrinopeptides were detected by their UV absorption at 210 nm, peptides released from 0.1 mg of fibrinogen being easily detected. The procedure offers for the first time the possibility of determining all human fibrinopeptides and their degradation products in a single analysis. It is eminently suited for fibrinopeptide preparation and studies of fibrinopeptide release kinetics and genetically abnormal fibrinopeptides. PMID- 7319479 TI - Grading of pulmonary vascular lesions--a reappraisal. AB - Grading of pulmonary vascular alterations, introduced by Health & Edwards (1958), has been widely used for assessment of the severity of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. Two factors call for a reappraisal of the grading principle: an increasing awareness of the complexity of the vascular lesions and an increasing use of lung biopsies for the pre-operative evaluation of the operability of an underlying cardiac defect. We suggest that the grading system, as well as the previously proposed variations of it, no longer fulfil the requirements of unambiguous assessment of the severity of vascular disease. The degree and extent of the various lesions, the different types of intimal fibrosis, and the eventual decrease in number and size of vessels should all be assessed, not only for arteries but also for other vessels. Careful consideration and weighing of all these features are necessary in order to form an opinion on diagnosis and prognosis. This cannot be achieved by using a single grade. PMID- 7319480 TI - Microscopical atrial amyloidosis in chronic heart disease. AB - Nineteen out of 121 consecutive cardiac biopsies from 107 patients were found to contain amyloid deposits on routine Congo red screening. Seventeen were left atrial appendages removed during mitral valvotomy for chronic rheumatic mitral valve disease while the remaining two were right atrial appendages excised during surgical repair of atrial septal defects. The distribution of amyloid deposits within the atria and their tinctorial characteristics are described. The high prevalence of atrial amyloidosis observed could not be attributed to generalized or senile amyloidosis. The possibility that this is a distinctive localized form of amyloidosis secondary to chronic heart disease is discussed. PMID- 7319481 TI - Histopathology and localization of viral antigens in the liver of HBsAg positive homosexuals. AB - In a survey of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in a male homosexual population, liver biopsies were done in 28 asymptomatic patients who had persistently raised aminotransferases. Four patients had active cirrhosis (AC), 13 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH) of various degrees of severity and 11 had either chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) or minor changes of the type seen in hepatitis B virus carriers. Core associated antigens and surface antigen, were demonstrated by the PAP immunoperoxidase method in 20 cases. Core and surface antigens tended to be present in the same areas of the biopsy and quantitation showed higher core to surface antigen ratios in CAH than in CPH, the difference being statistically significant. In seven cases no core-associated antigens were demonstrated in the presence of surface antigen: most of these patients had either inactive disease or active cirrhosis. In one carrier neither antigen was demonstrated. Ten patients had two or more biopsies. Four of these had no treatment and the amounts of core and surface positive cells in the liver did not increase. Six were treated with immunosuppressants. This did not alter the degree of either inflammation or fibrosis. but the number of surface and core antigen positive cells in the liver was higher after treatment in almost every case. PMID- 7319483 TI - Symmetrical fibro-osseous dysplasia of rib--post-traumatic dysplasia? AB - We describe two patients with a distinctive histological condition which clinically and radiologically mimics fibrous dysplasia of the rib. Both patients presented with chronic pain confined to one rib. In each case their radiographs showed a solitary, fusiform expansion of a rib with variable calcification. Histologically the lesions were characterized by a central core of xanthomatous macrophages surrounded by cancellous bone that showed symmetrical and progressive maturation centrifugally towards the cortex, a pattern which distinguishes these lesions from the irregular pattern of fibrous dysplasia. PMID- 7319482 TI - Distinctive growth patterns between cerebral and cerebellar astrocytomas--a tissue culture study. AB - Astrocytomas have been alternatively considered as a single entity with topographical variabilities or as two different tumours--cerebral astrocytomas and mid line-cerebellar, astrocytomas. Twenty-two astrocytomas, 13 of the cerebral hemispheres, six cerebellar, two brain stem and one of spinal cord, have been studied by short-term tissue cultures. Two distinctive growth patterns have been found. Cerebral astrocytomas grew in the first week as radially arranged bipolar cells and subsequently by multipolar astrocytes in a reticular pattern. On the other hand, astrocytomas of the cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord showed radial growth of long bipolar cells which persisted during the first 2-3 weeks. Only in the fourth week did a reticular pattern develop, but most of the cells remained bipolar. After the fourth week, a small number of multipolar astrocytes appeared and in two cases Rosenthal fibres were found. It is thus suggested that astrocytomas may be subdivided into two entities, those of the cerebral hemispheres and others in the cerebellum, optic nerve, brain stem and spinal cord which can be grouped as midline astrocytomas. PMID- 7319485 TI - Ileal mucosal morphology after total colectomy in man. AB - The structure of human terminal ileum mucosa was studied both after total colectomy and conventional ileostomy and after total colectomy and ileo-rectal anastomosis. Villous height, gland depth, number of mitoses, relative density of goblet cells and types of mucins secreted were microscopically evaluated in ileal biopsy specimens from 24 patients a minimum 6 months after surgery. Subtotal villous atrophy with glandular hypertrophy was demonstrated after both surgical procedures. The degree of villous atrophy and glandular hypertrophy was not dependent either on the disease for which surgery was performed, nor on the duration of the post-surgical period. Villous atrophy and glandular hypertrophy appeared greater in ileo-rectal anastomosis specimens than in those from ileostomy. Goblet cell density did not seem to be affected by total colectomy. After surgery no changes in the types of mucins secreted were shown by the histochemical techniques employed. This light microscopical study did not provide any evidence of increase ileal absorptive surface after total colectomy. PMID- 7319484 TI - Hepatic copper in Indian childhood cirrhosis. AB - Forty-three liver biopsies histologically diagnosed as Indian childhood cirrhosis were studied with the object of investigating accumulation of copper and copper associated protein in the hepatocytes as demonstrated by the rhodanine and orcein stains respectively. The findings reveal that, in almost all cases, there was an increased accumulation of copper and copper-associated protein, accompanied by the presence of numerous Mallory bodies. It is postulated that the accumulation of copper in the hepatocytes might be the result of a metabolic defect and might be aetiologically related to the liver cell injury and the subsequent development of Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7319487 TI - Seedling leiomyoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction zone. AB - The esophagus was totally excised for histopathological examination in 276 autopsy cases and 66 surgical cases (total, 342 cases). Leiomyoma of the esophagus was observed in 27 of the 342 cases. The tumors were present in 22 of the 225 male cases and in 5 of the 117 female cases. There were 38 leiomyomas among the 27 cases. Most of the leiomyomas originated in the inner circular muscle. None of the tumors was more than 7 mm. in length. Twenty-five of the 38 leiomyomas were located in the esophagogastric junction zone. Thus, subserial histological examination revealed leiomyomas at a higher frequency than that in previous reports. PMID- 7319488 TI - The establishment of normal limits for serum proteins measured by the rate nephelometer. Concepts of normality revisited. AB - A study of the distribution of nephelometrically determined data for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, and haptoglobin was made in two geographically separate, healthy populations. Evaluation of these data by several tests of statistical normality revealed that the tests vary considerably in power; i.e., data that one rejects as gaussian may be accepted by the other. No rules exist to enable one to decide which is the best test to apply in a given situation. This study indicates that the uncritical application of X +/- 2 S.D. for the reference range of clinical laboratory tests may be fraught with error, which may not be obvious and may not provide clinically useful information in many cases. A large scale clinical investigation designed to empirically obtain limits of different laboratory tests with desired levels of specificity and sensitivity for different disease states may prove rewarding and yield knowledge more useful for clinical purposes. Until such an investigation is carried out, however, we recommend determination of reference ranges by a nonparametric percentile estimate (2.5 to 97.5 per cent), which makes no a priori assumptions about the distribution of the data in the population. PMID- 7319486 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): report of a case with widespread nodal and extra nodal dissemination. AB - A fatal case of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is described in a male patient who presented at 11 years-of-age with swelling of the malar region and nasal obstruction due to the disease and who died aged 28 in uraemic coma following renal involvement. At autopsy SHML tissue extended into the hilum of both lungs and from the retroperitoneal tissue into the pancreas and kidneys. The appearances suggest that the extension of the disease into these organs may have been due to retrograde lymphatic spread from involved lymph nodes. Replacement of the atypical sinus histiocyte by fibrous tissue was seen in the cervical lymph nodes and this may be the usual mode of resolution of the lesion. The nature of SHML is discussed in relation to a possible infectious aetiology and defects in the host immune system. Finally, it is noted that the term 'massive lymphadenopathy' is not applicable to all cases and that sinus histiocytosis in not appropriate for the now frequently recognized extranodal manifestations of the disease. It is proposed that the term 'lymphophagocytic histiocytosis syndrome' should be adopted or that the eponymous title 'Rosai Dorfman disease' should be used. PMID- 7319489 TI - Human triploidy: association with partial hydatidiform moles and nonmolar conceptuses. AB - A retrospective pathologic review of nearly 100 spontaneous abortions of cytogenetically verified triploid constitution revealed a majority (86 per cent) falling within the category of partial hydatidiform mole, the chief criteria being focal syncytiotrophoblastic hyperplasia, focal villous edema leading to cistern formation, scalloped outline of villi, and frequent "trophoblastic inclusion" formation. The minority (14 per cent) of the conceptuses were nonmolar with a normal or hypoplastic trophoblast. The triploid fetuses in both groups tended to die at about eight weeks' menstrual age. Intrauterine retention was generally prolonged in the partial moles, whereas nonmolar conceptuses tended to abort within the first trimester, often with live or recently dead fetuses. The problem of two distinct morphologic entities within triploidy remains to be further investigated, especially with respect to the etiologic factors responsible for the division. PMID- 7319491 TI - Normal paraganglion in the mesosigmoid. PMID- 7319490 TI - Amphetamine induced cerebral vasculitis. PMID- 7319492 TI - Congenital cystic mesoblastic nephroma. PMID- 7319493 TI - Juvenile carcinoma of the breast. AB - A case of secretory or juvenile carcinoma of the breast is reported in a 16 year old girl. A wide local excision was performed and no recurrence or lymph node metastases were detected at follow-up. This uncommon variety of breast tumor can also occur in adults. Most reports stress the low degree of malignancy with a slow rate of growth and a minimal risk of metastatic spread. Because of the limited number of cases reported, the initial treatment of choice is debatable. Consequently we suggest that the treatment of such a lesion should be individualized. PMID- 7319495 TI - Polykaryocytes resembling Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells. PMID- 7319494 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural features of an unusual pulmonary carcinosarcoma. AB - An autopsy case is presented in which a pulmonary carcinosarcoma filled the left chest of a 61 year old man. The extensive pleural involvement that this neoplasm exhibited has not been reported previously. By light microscopy the neoplasm initially was considered a mesothelioma because of the pattern of glands and undifferentiated sarcomatous stroma. However, by electron microscopy the sarcomatous component was found to show rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Neither histochemical stains nor electron microscopy supported a mesothelial origin for the glandular component. Differential diagnostic considerations of pleuropulmonary neoplasms showing rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation are discussed. This case illustrates the importance of detailed study in order to characterize and properly classify these neoplasms. PMID- 7319496 TI - Diseases of the pericardium: morphologic study of surgical specimens from 35 patients. AB - The gross and microscopic features of 35 pericardial surgical specimens are described. Nineteen specimens were associated with pericardial effusion, and microscopic study showed nonspecific fibrous changes in eight, tuberculous granulomatous inflammation in four, purulent inflammation in four, neoplastic involvement in four, and siderosis of the pericardium in one. Twelve of these were clinically associated with constriction. Calcification of the pericardium was the predominant feature in eight of the specimens. None of these eight specimens showed features of tuberculous infection. Of the remaining four, two showed chronic fibrinous changes and the other two showed granulomatous inflammation of presumed tuberculous origin. Four pericardial cysts were seen. Pericardial disease was an incidental finding in 13 instances (37 per cent), suggesting the frequent underdiagnosis and asymptomatic nature of disease of the pericardium. The associations of infections, trauma, hemopericardium, and collagen diseases and pericardial diseases are discussed. PMID- 7319497 TI - Eye movement measurement of readability of CRT displays. PMID- 7319498 TI - Visual fatigue and cathode ray tube display terminals. PMID- 7319499 TI - Physiological reactions of female workers in Indian agricultural work. PMID- 7319500 TI - The influence of negative air ions on human performance and mood. PMID- 7319501 TI - Utilization of amplitude histographs to quantify the EEG effects of systemic administration of morphine in the chronically implanted rat. PMID- 7319504 TI - Physical principles of the displacement cardiograph including a new device sensitive to variations in torso resistivity. PMID- 7319503 TI - Pattern recognition of canine duodenal contractile activity. PMID- 7319502 TI - Finite element calculation of microwave absorption by the cranial structure. PMID- 7319505 TI - Computer-controlled cycle ergometer. PMID- 7319506 TI - A method for evaluation of QRS shape features using a mathematical model for the ECG. PMID- 7319507 TI - X-ray compton scatter imaging using a high speed flying spot x-ray tube. PMID- 7319508 TI - Current distribution measurements within the human cochlea. PMID- 7319509 TI - Instrumented force platform for postural sway studies. PMID- 7319510 TI - Instantaneous frequency, mean frequency, and variance of mean frequency estimators for ultrasonic blood velocity Doppler signals. PMID- 7319511 TI - The effects of torso geometry on magnetocardiographic lead fields. PMID- 7319512 TI - Sensitivity of breath-to-breath gas exchange measurements to expiratory flow errors. PMID- 7319513 TI - An objective method to identify inhomogeneity in washout curves. PMID- 7319514 TI - A microP-controlled sliding integrating-type differentiator for biomedical signal processing: application to dc ocular rheography. PMID- 7319515 TI - The use of Laguerre functions for parameter identification in a distributed biological system. PMID- 7319516 TI - A microcomputer-based neuromuscular blockade monitor. PMID- 7319517 TI - Digital spectrum analysis of respiratory sound. PMID- 7319518 TI - The measurement of fetal movement using a strain-gauge transducer. PMID- 7319519 TI - Walsh versus Fourier estimators of the EEG power spectrum. PMID- 7319520 TI - Total curve analysis of regional cerebral blood flow with 133Xe inhalation: description of method and values obtained with normal volunteers. PMID- 7319521 TI - Determination of otolith afferent response parameters using small amplitude sinusoidal roll and pitch tilts. PMID- 7319523 TI - Algorithms for the clinical analysis of nystagmus eye movements. PMID- 7319525 TI - Effects of microwave irradiation on human blood platelets. PMID- 7319524 TI - X-ray backscatter imaging. PMID- 7319526 TI - A new CT collimator for producing two simultaneous overlapping slices from one scan. PMID- 7319527 TI - Quantitative posturography: use in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 7319522 TI - Autoregressive estimation of short segment spectra for computerized EEG analysis. PMID- 7319528 TI - Development of a toxicity test system using primary rat liver cells. AB - A model in vitro rat liver parenchymal cellular toxicity system employing cells obtained by the in situ collagenase perfusion technique has been developed to detect potential liver toxicants. The initial evaluation of this test system was accomplished using cadmium chloride, chromium chloride, cobalt chloride, mercuric chloride, nickelous chloride, sodium arsenite, sodium selenite, and ammonium vanadate. Linear regression analysis of the dose response curves was used to determine the effective concentration at which the viability was reduced to 50% (EC50). The relative toxicity of the compounds was as follows: Cd greater than V = As greater than Se greater than Hg greater than Cr = Co greater than Ni. Since several of the compounds with very similar EC50s had significantly different dose response slopes, an additional parameter, lowest effective concentration tested (LECT) was employed to assess the relative toxicity. The LECT was determined using the Williams test and the relative toxicity of the compounds was found to be Cd = Se greater than V greater than As = Hg greater than Co greater than Cr = Ni. The primary objective in developing this rat liver cellular toxicity test system was to employ an in vitro test system utilizing metabolically active primary cells from a potential target organ. This study demonstrates the utility of this test system in determining the relative liver cell toxicity of a series of inorganic agents of differing toxicity. PMID- 7319529 TI - Isolation and culture of adult hepatocytes from liver biopsies. AB - Hepatocytes were isolated from liver biopsies of rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and humans. The procedure is based on cannulation of large veins in the cut face of the biopsy, followed by collagenase perfusion. Yields averaged 19 x 10(6) viable hepatocytes/g liver. Viability averaged 84%, as determined by trypan blue dye exclusion. Cultures were prepared from the isolated hepatocytes and were found to be comparable in morphology and N-demethylase activity to hepatocyte cultures prepared by the in situ perfusion of the liver. The development of this method should facilitate comparative studies of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and metabolism of foreign chemicals in primary hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 7319530 TI - Growth inhibition and morphologic modulation of human fibroblastlike cells by erythromycin. AB - In vitro exposures of mass cultures and clones of human diploid fibroblastlike cells to erythromycin, in concentrations of 50 to 400 micrograms/ml, results in increasing degrees of growth inhibition and augmented cell volume, with a shift toward larger proportions of cells of the epithelioid type and fewer of the fibroblast type. These alterations were reversed upon subculture in the absence of the antibiotic. PMID- 7319531 TI - Elimination of Mycoplasma hyorhinis infections from four cell lines. AB - Four monolayer mammalian cell lines were cured of Mycoplasma hyorhinis infections by cloning in microtiter dishes in the presence of tetracycline and kanamycin. During cloning, cultures were refed with fresh antibiotic containing medium every 2 or 3 d for 14 day and were then cultured without effective antibiotics for at least 21 d. From the four lines we recovered 29 clones, none of which were infected after treatment as judged by the lack of extranuclear fluorescence after staining with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33258, and by normal autoradiographic labeling of the cells by tritiated nucleosides. One clone from each line was tested further by attempted culture of mycoplasmas and was also judged to be uninfected. Infection has not reappeared in any of the clones after extensive culture in the absence of the effective antibiotics. PMID- 7319532 TI - NIH policies on hybridomas. PMID- 7319533 TI - Establishment and characterization of a cell line (SS78) from a human renal cell carcinoma. AB - A new cell line, SS78, was established from a primary renal cell carcinoma of a Caucasian male. The tissue was dispersed with collagenase, and viable cells were separated by flotation on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. In culture, the SS78 cells retained a distinct epithelial morphology, and no fibroblast like cells were seen. The cultured cells were aneuploid with a modal chromosome number of 80 and had several marker chromosomes. Inoculation of the cultured cells into athymic nude mice caused tumors at the sites of inoculation. PMID- 7319534 TI - Congenital aortic stenosis with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. PMID- 7319535 TI - Brady tachy arrhythmias in Wolff Parkinson White syndrome treated with permanent transvenous pacing and amiodrone hydrochloride. PMID- 7319536 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias after administration of digoxin through intravenous, intra cerebroventricular and combined routes. An experimental study. PMID- 7319537 TI - Bloodless open heart surgery in Indian patients. A report of 100 cases. PMID- 7319539 TI - Marfan syndrome with microcornea, aphakia and ventricular septal defect. Case report. PMID- 7319538 TI - Electrophysiological studies on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia due to atrial reentry. PMID- 7319540 TI - Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against bovine luteinizing hormone. AB - Five mouse hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibody against bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) have been established and the respective antibodies characterized by radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence and immunoelectrophoresis. All antibodies belong to the IgG class and bind to staphylococcus protein A. Intraspecies cross-reactivity studies revealed no reaction with bovine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). However, all antibodies showed partial cross-reaction with bovine thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suggesting a close conformational similarity between bovine LH and TSH. Studies on interspecies cross-reactivity (rat and human) showed that three of these five antibodies strongly react with rat LH but not at all with either rat FSH or rat TSH thus representing monospecific reagents for investigations concerning LH in this species. One of these three antibodies also strongly binds to human LH and to the same extent to human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) but not to human FSH or TSH. It was concluded that at least three different epitopes on the bovine LH molecule are recognized and that they are located on the beta-chain of the hormone. PMID- 7319541 TI - Activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages by repeated zymosan phagocytosis leads to enhanced prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Bone marrow-derived macrophages were stimulated by the addition of zymosan. Phagocytic activity and prostaglandin release were taken as a measure of the activation state of the macrophages. Repeated stimulation with zymosan of macrophages which had been freed from extracellular zymosan led to further phagocytosis and prostaglandin formation. Very low amounts of prostaglandins were synthesized after the second phagocytic stimulus if the time interval between the first and second stimulation was one or two hours. In contrast, however, if the second phagocytic stimulation occurred 9 hours after the first stimulation there was a doubling of the number of phagocytosed zymosan particles and a fifteen fold increase in prostaglandin synthesis. These findings are explained as the consequences of internalized membrane material which provides additional substrates for the generation of prostaglandins. PMID- 7319542 TI - In-vivo modulation of macrophage functions by herpes simplex virus type 2 in resistant and sensitive inbred mouse strains. AB - Intra-peritoneal (i.p.) infection of mice with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV 2) attracted macrophages into the peritoneum. Macrophages from moderately and highly HSV 2 resistant mouse strains expressed elevated phagocytosis activity 24 hours after injection. Stimulation of phagocytosis in low resistant strains was generally less effective or absent. This was, in some experiments, due to the fact that macrophages were already highly activated before the experimental infection. I.p. infection also caused HSV replication in the adherent peritoneal exudate cell (PEC) population. The capacity of macrophages supporting HSV 2 replication was low in three of four resistant mouse strains and high in all moderately and highly susceptible and in one of the resistant (SJL) strains when determined 24 hours after infection. Four different F1 hybrids between resistant and susceptible strains exhibited significantly lower yields of virus-producing macrophages than the HSV-sensitive parent. One hybrid between two HSV-susceptible lines restricted virus replication in the PEC populations better than both parental strains. PMID- 7319543 TI - Description of a simple, specific, and sensitive test for the detection of detergent-solubilized C3b receptor. AB - The C3b receptor was isolated from detergent-solubilized human erythrocyte membranes by a previously described technique (1). The receptor glycoprotein was shown to enhance EAC14oxy23b rosette formation with Raji lymphoblastoid cells. This provided a specific and sensitive test to detect the solubilized C3b receptor either in crude or highly purified form. The property of the C3b receptor tested by this assay appears to be analogous to properties of beta 1H. PMID- 7319544 TI - Effector cell sensitivity to sugar moieties. I. Inhibition of human natural killer cell activity by monosaccharides. AB - Human natural killer (NK) cells recognize multiple target antigens. The ligands (antigens) involved in the effector-target cell interaction have not been extensively identified. In the present study, assays of NK activity in the presence of a panel of monosaccharides demonstrated inhibition of cytolysis in a dose-response fashion. We propose that NK cell activity involves the recognition of carbohydrate structures on target cells via receptors on the effector cell surface. PMID- 7319546 TI - Biological studies of lipophilic MDP-derivatives incorporated in liposomes. AB - Adjuvant activities of fatty acid derivatives of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine (MDP) in saline, emulsified in Incomplete Freund Adjuvant (IFA) or incorporated in liposomes were compared. All derivatives were active when given in saline. The potency of MDP-L-Ala-glycerol mycolate was highly enhanced by administration in IFA of after incorporation in liposomes. These procedures had no effect on the activity of MDP-alpha-methyl-gamma-eta-butyl ester and MDP-alpha methyl-gamma-eta-decyl ester although the presence of MDP could be demonstrated at the surface of the liposomes by anti-MDP antibodies. PMID- 7319547 TI - Isolation of human and canine IgM utilizing protein A affinity chromatography. AB - Human and canine high molecular weight IgM's were isolated employing a system of G-200 column chromatography and passage through a protein A Sepharose 4B column. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of the isolated immunoglobulin revealed polypeptides corresponding to mu and light immunoglobulin chains of IgM which were identified immunochemically as IgM. Ultracentrifugation studies revealed that the isolated immunoglobulin co-migrated with 19S IgM markers. This simple and efficient procedure may serve as an alternative to classical isolation procedures of IgM from certain mammalian species. PMID- 7319545 TI - Effect of treatment with glutaurine on human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). AB - The effects of in vitro and in vivo treatment with glutaurine, a newly discovered parathyroid hormone possessing immunostimulative activity, on human antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) were studied in 15 tumor patients with healthy subjects in a xenogeneic test system using chicken erythrocytes as target cells. A marked increase in "K" cell activity was observed in 8 tumor patients with originally low cytotoxic capacity, while originally normal ADCC activity of other tumor patients and healthy subjects was not significantly influenced by glutaurine treatment. The changes in cytotoxicity were not accompanied by changes in lymphocyte populations. Incubation of effector cells with glutaurine in vitro caused no change in ADCC activity in lymphocyte populations. Some similarities between the effects of glutaurine treatment of ADCC and that of dialyzable leukocyte extracts are discussed. PMID- 7319548 TI - Lymphokine-mediated stimulation of eosinophil migration in the guinea-pig. AB - Guinea-pig lymphokines were shown to stimulate the migration of eosinophils from capillary tubes. Eosinophil migration stimulatory activity was produced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-sensitized lymph node or peritoneal exudate lymphocytes in the presence of purified protein derivative (PPD), as well as by Con A-stimulated lymph node lymphocytes. Like murine and human eosinophil stimulation promoter lymphokine (ESP), the guinea-pig lymphokine activity is T cell-derived, non-dialysable and resistant to heating at 56 degrees. In contrast to the migration inhibition factor (MIF) which could be adsorbed by macrophages, eosinophil migration stimulatory activity could not be removed by pre-adsorption to macrophages or eosinophils. PMID- 7319549 TI - Cellular cytotoxicity and gastrointestinal inflammation in inbred rats: induction with gut organ-specific antigens. PMID- 7319550 TI - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) decreases resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. AB - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) inoculation has been shown to inhibit certain immune functions. To determine whether this inhibition adversely affects host defences against infection, the effect of BCG on Listeria infection in mice was investigated. Mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) with Listeria monocytogenes and 24-96 hr later were inoculated with 8 x 10(6) BCG. Mice given BCG and Listeria had a greater mortality and higher spleen Listeria counts than mice given Listeria alone. An increased number of bacteria in spleens was noted as early as 24 hr after BCG inoculation. Peritoneal macrophages from mice receiving both organisms had a decreased capacity to kill Listeria in vitro. In addition, BCG inoculation suppressed delayed hypersensitivity responses and in vitro spleen cell proliferative responses to Listeria antigen. Suppression of spleen cell proliferative responses was associated with an adherent, non-T lymphocyte subpopulation. The data indicate that BCG administration decreases resistance to intracellular pathogens by abrogating normal cellular defences. PMID- 7319551 TI - Presence of bacterial binding 'lectin-like' receptors on phagocytes. AB - Lectin-like receptors capable of binding the bacterium Staphylococcus albus have been demonstrated in the membranes of phagocytes including macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils from various sources and species. Such receptors are likely to contribute to bacterial adherence and phagocytosis in the non-immune animal. PMID- 7319552 TI - The effects of surgical removal of Peyer's patches in rat on systemic antibody responses to intestinal antigen. AB - A method is described for the in vivo surgical removal of all Peyer's patches from the small intestine and caecum of the rat. Over two postoperative months, this procedure had no apparent morphological effects on the small intestine or intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers, nor were the numbers of IgA producing cells in the small intestine or serum immunoglobulin levels permanently influenced. However, circulating specific antibody to human serum albumin was significantly elevated in animals without Peyer's patches 3 weeks after surgery, in comparison with a sham operated group of animals. Subsequent intestinal immunization in animals without Peyer's patches with a lipid-conjugated human serum albumin resulted in a diminished primary but a comparatively normal secondary systemic antibody response to this antigen. PMID- 7319555 TI - Ocular anaphylaxis: induction by local injection of antigen. AB - A model of local ocular anaphylaxis has been developed in the rat. Erythema, oedema, and enhanced retention of radioiodinated rat serum albumin ([125I]-RSA) were noted in ocular adnexal tissues of immunized rats within 5 min of injection of antigen; these changes reached a maximum 15 min after antigen injection. Erythema, oedema, and retention of [125I]-RSA subsided to baseline levels 1--6 hr after challenge. A significant increase in weight of ocular adnexal tissues was seen within 15 min after challenge. The weight increase reached a maximum at 45 min and persisted through 6 hr. Weight approached baseline values by 24 hr. Although antigen was injected into the ocular adnexa and not directly into the globe, the globes of the antigen-injected eyes of immunized rats underwent anaphylaxis, possibly because of absorption of antigen through the sclera. In addition, the adnexa and globes of the contralateral eyes, which did not receive antigen, also underwent anaphylactic changes. These changes were not as marked as those observed in the antigen-injected tissues, but followed the same time-course of development. We conclude that anaphylaxis can be locally induced in ocular tissues, that the onset of anaphylaxis is within minutes, and the effects last for at least 24 hr. PMID- 7319554 TI - Stimulation of Ca2+-dependent chemiluminescence in rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes by polystyrene beads and the non-lytic action of complement. AB - (1) Chemiluminenscence of rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes was stimulated by a phagocytic stimulus, latex beads (diameter = 1.01 micrometer). The maximum chemiluminescent intensity increased with bead concentration in the range 0.2--20 x 10(9) beads/ml. This response was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ (1 mM EGTA). (2) Chemiluminescence could also be stimulated by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 in the presence of extra-cellular calcium. (3) Addition of human serum, as a source of complement, to rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes preincubated with anti-5'-nucleotidase serum resulted in a rapid stimulation of chemiluminescence, after a lag of about 40 s. (4) The stimulation of chemiluminescence by antibody plus complement was not the result of cell lysis because (i) no significant release of lactate dehydrogenase was detected at the time of the chemiluminescent response (ii) chemiluminescence was associated with the cells and not the surrounding media (iii) cell lysis did not produce chemiluminescence. (5) Chemiluminescence stimulated by antibody plus complement or by beads was inhibited by the 'calmodulin-blocker', trifluoperazine (50% inhibiton with approximately 20--30 microM). (6) Cu2+ (10(-4) M), which can inhibit C9 action, inhibited the rapid rise in chemiluminescence induced by antibody plus complement, but not the bead-induced chemiluminescence. (7) Depletion of C9 from human serum markedly inhibited the complement induced chemiluminescence response. Addition of purified C9 restored the response. (8) It was concluded that formation of the terminal complement attack complex at the surface of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes induces a Ca2+-dependent chemiluminescence in the cells, in the absence of cell lysis. PMID- 7319553 TI - Thermodynamic and immunological properties of a monoclonal antibody to human blood group A. AB - A murine anti-A monoclonal antibody was obtained by the hybridoma technique. This antibody, of an IgM nature, is capable of agglutinating A1, A2 and A3 red blood cells. Thermodynamic study confirmed its monoclonal character; its association constant is 1,6 10(6) l/mole. The enthalpy change of the antigen/antibody reaction is nul which indicates the absence of the role of temperature on antibody fixation. This weak affinity makes it necessary to concentrate the supernatant so as to enable use of these reagents under the same conditions as those used at present. PMID- 7319556 TI - Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis inhibition: evidence for heterogeneity in IgE mast cell interaction. AB - Recent evidence suggests that IgE molecules are heterogeneous with respect to ability to compete with IgE myeloma for sensitization of histamine release from chopped human lung and ability to passively sensitize human basophils for antigen induced histamine release. These observations prompted further investigation of the possibility that there exists a functional heterogeneity in the IgE molecules with respect to mast-cell binding properties. Using eight different purified rat IgE myeloma proteins, we found that they differ in their ability to inhibit the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction of mouse reaginic antisera. This suggests that IgE molecules differ in their ability to bind to mast cell receptors. Since maximal inhibition of different mouse reaginic antisera and mouse IgE hybridomas is achieved with different IgE myelomas, there may exist a functional heterogeneity in mast-cell binding receptors as well. PMID- 7319557 TI - The effect of complement in adherent immune complexes on Fc and C3 receptor expression in human monocytes. AB - The effect of complement in surface-bound immune complexes on the expression of Fc and C3 receptors in membranes of adherent human monocytes was examined. Monocytes were isolated from mononuclear leucocyte preparations by adherence to substrates containing fibrin, fibrin with immune complexes (containing rabbit IgG antibodies), or fibrin with immune complexes and mouse complement. Fc or C3 receptors on the top or exposed surface of the monocytes were detected by rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes coated with IgG (EA) or IgM and complement (EAC). Monocytes adherent to surface-bound immune complexes exhibited an absence of EA rosette-forming ability without any change in EAC rosettes. This specific loss of Fc receptor function was induced more easily in freshly-isolated monocytes than in cells maintained in suspension culture for up to 7 days. The presence of complement in the immune complex substrates did not reverse the decrease in Fc receptors seen with freshly-isolated or cultured monocytes. Monocytes adherent to immune complexes and complement exhibited a decrease in C3 receptor function. This decrease was more readily induced in cells cultured for three days in the presence of serum than in freshly-isolated monocytes. Experiments performed with EAC or immune complex substrates relatively enriched in C3b or C3bi indicated that C3b in the substrate induced a decrease in monocyte C3b receptors and C3bi led to a decrease in C3bi receptors. No evidence was found for C3d receptors on the human monocytes although these receptors on a subpopulation of human lymphocytes appeared to be altered in a similar fashion. PMID- 7319558 TI - Collagen-induced arthritis in the rat: modification of immune and arthritic responses by free collagen and immune anti-collagen antiserum. AB - Inbred Wistar strain rats developed a polyarthritic disease when injected intradermally with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) containing porcine or bovine type II collagen (CII). In contrast, neither allogeneic rat CII nor porcine proteoglycan monomer were arthritogenic, although both were, to some extent, immunogenic. Animals passively transfused with immune serum containing anti-CII antibodies did not develop arthritis and showed greatly reduced anti-CII humoral immune responses (measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) when the serum was administered at the time of and subsequent to challenge with arthritogenic porcine CII. Similarly, the intravenous injection of animals sequentially with 100 microgram soluble CII and 1 ml immune anti-CII antiserum, 9 and 8 days respectively before challenge with arthritogenic CII, abrogated the arthritic response and depressed the humoral anti-porcine CII and anti-rat CII antibody titres more than tenfold. It is concluded that the immune status of the recipient rats with respect to CII is crucially important in determining the nature of the immune and arthritic response to CII appropriately administered in FIA. PMID- 7319559 TI - Soluble immune complexes binding to human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Soluble human serum albumin anti-albumin immune complexes (IC) have been shown to bind to freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in vitro. Binding sites on both cell types were saturable and specifically inhibited by heat aggregated IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. PMN contained a greater number of binding sites than monocytes although the affinity was similar for both cell types. The enhanced binding of IC by both cell types observed after incubation at low pH (pH 6.0) was a consequence of increased affinity of the PMN binding site and an increase in the number of sites in monocytes. Binding of IC by both cell types was inhibited by normal human serum. Enhanced IC binding associated with enhanced affinity and number of sites was observed in PMN and monocytes preincubated in suspension with trypsin. However, monocytes exposed to trypsin while adherent to microexudate coated flasks demonstrated a marked increase in affinity without any change in the number of sites. PMID- 7319562 TI - The number and affinity of IgE receptors on dispersed human lung mast cells. AB - Mast cells obtained by fragmentation of human lung tissue retained the capacity to bind IgE and to respond to immunological challenge. Direct binding studies with radiolabelled IgE enabled quantification of binding parameters of the reaction between IgE and its receptor on human mast cells. The average equilibrium constant was estimated as 1.0 x 10(8) M -1 and the average number of IgE receptors per mast cell as 1.3 x 10(5). PMID- 7319560 TI - Optimal conditions in [3H]-thymidine uptake studies to prevent radiation damage to cells. A scintimetric and cytofluorographic analysis. AB - Cells subjected to nucleoside incorporation studies using radiolabelled materials may suffer radiation damage that can alter the results. We did scintimetric and cytofluorographic analysis to confirm this and to determine the optimal experimental doses of, and exposure times to, [3H]-TdR, in order to prevent or minimize such radiation damage to cells. We found that cultures should be pulsed with 0.125 microCi for 14 hr when stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin 0.125 microCi for 18 hr when stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, 0.5 microCi for 8 hr when stimulated with concanavalin A and 0.5 microCi for 8 hr when subject to allogeneic stimulus, in order to achieve optimal incorporation with minimal disturbance of the cell cycle. PMID- 7319561 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with usual interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: partial characterization and relationship with Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. AB - Sixty-six sera were analysed by solid-phase conglutinin binding assay, to detect the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC), and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to show a correlation with antibodies to Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Sixty per cent of patients with usual interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (UIP), were positive for CIC; and T. vulgaris antibodies were detected in 60% of the same patients. In comparison, there was a low frequency of positive results in bronchitis patients (5% for CIC and 35% for T. vulgaris), and in normal blood donors (0% for CIC and 30% for T. vulgaris). Furthermore 31% of patients with lung cancer were found positive for CIC, but not for T. vulgaris. Immune complexes purified on Protein A-Sepharose and by sucrose density gradient from patients with UIP, showed a sedimentation coefficient higher than 19 S. The purified material was found to contain IgG and IgM as antibodies. Binding of immune complexes, purified by sedimentation on sucrose gradient, to conglutinin was inhibited by the presence of T. vulgaris antigen; thus suggesting that this antigen might be present in the complexes. PMID- 7319563 TI - Betamethasone-valerate aerosol in steroid dependent patients with reversible airway obstruction. PMID- 7319564 TI - Treatment of empyema thoracis by different conservative methods. PMID- 7319566 TI - Anomalous left coronary artery arising from pulmonary artery in the adult. PMID- 7319565 TI - MacLeod's syndrome--report of five cases. PMID- 7319567 TI - Primary leiomyosarcoma of lung. PMID- 7319568 TI - Congenital oesophageal stenosis. PMID- 7319569 TI - Paired H-2-specific monoclonal antibodies react differently to red cells and lymphocytes. AB - Two hybrid clones from a fusion of C57BL/6 anti-DBA/2 spleen cells and the myeloma line Sp2/0 secrete antibodies reactive with a product of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The two antibodies are provisionally designated S13.11 and S13.29. Both react in rabbit-complement-mediated cytotoxicity with spleen cells of H-2d, H-2f, H-2r, and H-2p strains. In addition, both antibodies hemagglutinate red blood cells from these strains. S13.11 is also cytotoxic for H 2a, H-2k, H-2u, and H-2v spleen cells but does not hemagglutinate red blood cells from mice bearing these haplotypes. With the exception of H-2v, this strain pattern mimics the public specificity H-28. Quantitative absorption of S13.11 shows that H-2d cells are twice as efficient as H-2k cells in their ability to remove the S13.11 antibody. S13.29 reacts weakly in cytotoxicity with H-2k spleen cells and does not react with cells from H-2u or H-2v. Blocking studies indicate that S13.11 and S13.29 react with the same or a closely related molecule on the cell surface. PMID- 7319570 TI - Paul-Bunnell antibody positive infectious mononucleosis cases. PMID- 7319571 TI - A complementary phage typing scheme for Vi-negative strains of Salmonella typhi. PMID- 7319572 TI - Studies on schistosomiasis in village Gimvi of Maharashtra. PMID- 7319574 TI - A mycological study of tinea versicolor. PMID- 7319573 TI - Superficial mycoses and in vitro sensitivity of dermatophytes and Candida species to tolciclate and clotrimazole. PMID- 7319576 TI - Susceptibility of Pondicherry strain of Anopheles culicifacies Giles to different insecticides. PMID- 7319575 TI - Contact and vapour toxicity of bendiocarb and pirimiphosmethyl against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi. PMID- 7319577 TI - Observation on the oviposition rhythm of some mosquitoes. PMID- 7319578 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity after BCG in preschool children in relation to their nutritional status. PMID- 7319579 TI - Relationship of renal function tests in newborn infants to gestational age. PMID- 7319580 TI - Cell mediated immune response in various types of glomerulonephritis: a preliminary study. PMID- 7319581 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies on the pineal-thyroid relationship. PMID- 7319582 TI - Demonstration of a tumour associated antigen in human oral cancers. PMID- 7319584 TI - Antitoxin response in tetanus. PMID- 7319585 TI - 0.5 percent silver nitrate in treatment of burns. PMID- 7319583 TI - Pathology and pathogenesis of experimental extradural cerebral compression. PMID- 7319586 TI - Cruzon's disease-case report. PMID- 7319587 TI - Malignant giant cell tumour of soft parts. A case report. PMID- 7319588 TI - Evaluation of chromosomal analysis in haemopoietic malignancies. PMID- 7319589 TI - Sickle cell disease and nitroblue-tetrazolium reduction by neutrophils. PMID- 7319590 TI - Retractile mesenteritis-report of a rare case. PMID- 7319592 TI - Restoration of natural colour to pathology specimens. PMID- 7319591 TI - Estimation of conjugated bile acids by radioimmunoassay. Preliminary study of a new liver function test. PMID- 7319593 TI - Vaccination against smallpox : is it relevant now? PMID- 7319595 TI - Breast vs bottle feeding-impact on growth in urban infants. PMID- 7319594 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in mothers and their new-born in two socio-economic groups. PMID- 7319596 TI - A comparative study of feeding pattern of infants in rural and urban areas. PMID- 7319597 TI - Feeding pattern of infants in Devangere. PMID- 7319598 TI - Cystic fibrosis : clinical presentation and pitfalls in diagnosis. PMID- 7319599 TI - Developmental dyslexia and hyperkinetic behaviour syndrome. PMID- 7319600 TI - Amebiasis in children: the Indian experience. PMID- 7319601 TI - A case of noma with membrane on the throat. PMID- 7319602 TI - Blood pressure changes among boys smokers. PMID- 7319603 TI - Neonatal diphtheria : a case report. PMID- 7319604 TI - Propranolol in infantile tremor syndrome. PMID- 7319606 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease with left to right shunt. PMID- 7319605 TI - Present status of surgery in congenital heart disease. PMID- 7319607 TI - Surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 7319609 TI - Symposium on pediatric cardiology. PMID- 7319608 TI - Control of rheumatic fever in developing countries. PMID- 7319610 TI - Undergraduate and postgraduate pediatric education in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 7319611 TI - Optimum age of measles immunization--maternal and transplacentally transmitted measles antibodies in infancy. PMID- 7319612 TI - An epidemiological survey during an outbreak of cholera in Indore city. PMID- 7319613 TI - A study of severe anemia in hospitalized children in Afghanistan. PMID- 7319614 TI - Studies on fetal growth patterns: intrauterine growth percentiles for singleton live born babies. PMID- 7319616 TI - Hepatic and serum copper in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 7319617 TI - Hand washing: simple but effective. PMID- 7319615 TI - Trends in breast feeding: impressions from an urban educated community. PMID- 7319618 TI - Congenital chloride diarrhea. PMID- 7319620 TI - Achondrogenesis. PMID- 7319619 TI - Infantile myasthenia gravis. PMID- 7319621 TI - Laurence Moon Biedl syndrome. PMID- 7319622 TI - Popliteal arterial injuries associated with civilian knee trauma. PMID- 7319623 TI - The Sarmiento tibial plaster: a prospective study of 145 fractures. AB - A prospective series of 145 fractures of the tibia was treated with the Sarmiento below-knee functional cast between 1973 and 1979. In only 3 patients was it not possible to use the cast for reasons connected with the method. The cast was applied in 88 per cent of cases within 4 weeks of injury. Control of angulatory deformity and shortening was satisfactory and the results approach those reported by Sarmiento. The results regarding the speed of healing also stand comparison with Sarmiento's but difficulties inherent in the interpretation of these results are discussed. The PTB cast has been found to be an effective and safe method for the treatment of tibial shaft fractures. PMID- 7319624 TI - Surgically treated traumatic subacute and chronic subdural haematomas: a review of 132 cases. AB - One hundred and thirty-two cases of surgically treated traumatic subacute and chronic subdural haematomas are reviewed. A high male to female ratio of 5:1 is noted. The age distribution and the clinical picture are comparable with the pattern in other reported studies. All patients were treated with simple burr holes and evacuation of blood without membranectomy, postoperative drainage or posturing. The results were excellent as 62 per cent made a good recovery, 33 per cent had mild disability, 4 per cent had severe disability and only 1 patient died. There were no recurrences. The simplicity of making burr holes recommends the method to more doctors, thereby extending the frontiers of treatment beyond the confines of neurosurgical centres. PMID- 7319625 TI - Controlled pressure casting of tibial fractures: a preliminary report. AB - A new method for the application of a Sarmiento below-knee plaster brace is described together with the results of its use in 22 fractures of the shaft of the tibia. Adequate control of the fractures was obtained and the rate of union appeared satisfactory. The range of movement of the knee and ankle at the time of removal of the cast were more than two-thirds the normal range in respectively 90 per cent and 80 per cent of fractures of the tibia so treated. Consequently, the need for physiotherapy was reduced. PMID- 7319626 TI - A Chance's fracture in a double level fracture of the spine. AB - We describe a case which combines two interesting and unusual lesions. Our patient suffered a Chance's fracture of the L1 vertebra combined with a fracture of the C2 vertebra. Her recovery was uneventful. Double fractures of the spine are infrequent and are easily overlooked. The present diagnostic and therapeutic problems. PMID- 7319629 TI - Six-screw Susie: a tale of two fractures. PMID- 7319627 TI - A study of pressures beneath forearm plasters. PMID- 7319630 TI - Repair of the injured spleen. AB - Splenic laceration is the most frequent visceral injury requiring laparotomy after blunt abdominal trauma in children. Splenectomy increases the risk of overwhelming bacterial infection which could prove fatal. This paper reports four patients with splenic injury who were treated by splenic repair. PMID- 7319628 TI - Experience with the use of a Vitrathene brace in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. AB - Sixty consecutive unselected fractures of the femoral shaft have been treated in a Vitrathene brace lined with Plastazote. All fractures were united at an average of 16 weeks with little shortening. The patients were in hospital for an average of 8 weeks and obtained and average of 115 degrees of knee flexion at 6 months after the original injury. To avoid angulation in fractures of the middle and upper thirds of the shaft a pelvic band with the hinge in abduction is necessary. Four other patients referred for treatment, who had delayed union of their fractures, were braced for between 5 and 12 months and all united. The method appears successful and merits further trial. Weight-bearing characteristics of the brace were studied and it was found that 20 per cent of the axial force passed through the brace and 80 per cent through the soft tissues and fracture site. PMID- 7319632 TI - Closed traumatic rupture of a congenitally abnormal aortic valve. PMID- 7319633 TI - Penetrating left ventricular stab wound: a method of control during resuscitation and prior to repair. AB - A 34-year-old man with left ventricular stab wounds, suffered cardiac arrest soon after arriving in the Intensive Care Unit from the Accident and Emergency Department. He had cardiac tamponade without elevation of his central venous pressure; this was because of exsanguination into his left hemithorax. Immediate thoracotomy while still in his bed confirmed tamponade and revealed two large left ventricular stab wounds, one anterior and on posterior; the heart was in ventricular fibrillation. As he had already been anoxic for some time, no effort could be made to repair the stab wounds before resuscitating him. It was necessary to control bleeding from two separate injuries while replacing volume, continuing with intracardiac drugs, internal cardiac massage and internal defibrillation. This was achieved by inserting a Foley catheter into each wound, inflating the balloons, clamping the catheters and having the assistant gently retracting the catheters against each other while the operator continued with the resuscitation. When the circulation was restored, pledgeted horizontal mattress sutures were inserted on either side of each Foley catheter, which was withdrawn immediately before tying the suture. The patient was discharged home 12 days later without any complications. PMID- 7319631 TI - Conservative surgery for splenic injury. PMID- 7319634 TI - Blunt traumatic rupture of the right ventricle, with intrapericardial rupture of the diaphragm: successful surgical repair. AB - The authors report a case of chest injury causing rupture of the right ventricle and diaphragm, discovered during laparotomy for haemoperitoneum. This type of injury to the heart has rarely been cited in the literature since survival rates are low and the diagnosis often overlooked. PMID- 7319635 TI - The time course of 99Tcm-Sn-polyphosphate scintimetry of normally healing tibial fractures in man. AB - In 38 fractures of the human tibia showing radiological consolidation within 6 months, the amount of callus formed was assessed monthly by scintimetry following intravenous administration of 99Tcm-Sn-polyphosphate. The results of the scintimetry were expressed as a ratio (as radioactivity over the fracture divided by that over the contralateral area of the normal leg). The error of the scintimetric ratio within the period of measurements (20-60 minutes after the injection of isotope) was +/- 5 per cent. More isotope accumulated around the fracture in all patients. The scintimetric time course of transverse as well as longitudinal fractures showed a peak value (scintimetric ratio 3.6 +/- 0.6 s.d.) in the fourth to fifth week, whatever the primary treatment, and was of the same magnitude in the two types of fracture. A secondary increase of the scintimetric ratio was found in 70 per cent of the fractures following the start of weight bearing. Infection of a fracture induced a higher scintimetric ratio than that of an uninfected fracture. Re-fractures showed exceptionally high scintimetric ratios in the second to fourth week (twice the values of primary fractures), but the ratios decreased rapidly. Scintimetry is non-invasive, quantitative method of estimating the formation of callus. In this study the scintimetric time course of healing fractures of the tibia was determined. The results are to serve as a basic study of the method's suitability in early diagnosis of pathological healing. PMID- 7319636 TI - 150 bicycle injuries in children: a comparison with accidents due to other causes. AB - One hundred and fifty bicycle accidents seen at the Children's Hospital Sheffield over a 6-month period from mid-August 1979 were analysed and 9.3 per cent of the cases were admitted. Twenty-two per cent had fractures, 20 per cent had soft tissue injuries of face or scalp, 8 children having damaged their teeth. Of the accidents 17.3 per cent were due to hitting an obstruction, 30.7 per cent were due to loss of control on a hill or corner and 8 per cent were of mechanical origin. Eighty-eight per cent had cycling experience of a year or more, and 32.7 per cent had had previous cycling accidents. Comparison with other types of accidents previously studied at the hospital, involving skateboards, playground equipment or road traffic accidents affecting child pedestrians, showed that by far the most serious were those involving child pedestrians. The injuries from bicycle accidents were similar in severity to those involving skateboards. PMID- 7319638 TI - Long handled punch for the insertion of Newman's pins in slipped upper femoral epiphysis and intracapsular fractures of the femur. PMID- 7319640 TI - Proximal radio-ulnar translocation. PMID- 7319639 TI - Lumbrical plus finger. PMID- 7319637 TI - A new posterior approach to the hip joint. PMID- 7319641 TI - Accidental injury due to soft metal rivets. PMID- 7319642 TI - Morphological findings in varicocele: an ultrastructural study of 30 bilateral testicular biopsies. AB - A systematic study of a series of thirty bilateral biopsies of testes was performed using electron microscopy. Observations showed how frequently there were bilateral changes within the Sertoli cells. These included a sometimes extensive vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum which may cause germ cells to exfoliate. Bilateral vascular lesions including modifications of the capillary endothelium which becomes thick and rich in pinocytotic vesicles and arteriolar spasms with an increase in number of microfilaments in the endothelial cells were constantly observed. PMID- 7319644 TI - Factors affecting sperm motility. VIII. Velocity and survival of human spermatozoa as related to temperatures above zero. AB - The effect of temperature on motility and survival of ejaculated human spermatozoa was investigated with the aid of the multiple exposure photography (MEP) method for objective sperm motility determination. Fresh specimens from healthy donors were analyzed while being heated or cooled gradually, or during their storage at various temperatures from 0 to 48 degrees C. Sperm velocity increased steadily from zero to 50.4 nm/sec between freezing point and body temperature. Thereafter, their activity dropped dramatically and total immobilization occurred at 45 degrees C. The induced immobilization was reversible providing exposure to those extreme temperatures was short enough to prevent permanent damage. Sperm survived up to 24-48 h when stored at 23 degrees C, while at body temperature, their survival in vitro was much shorter and rarely extended beyond 12 h. Their longevity was still shorter at higher or lower temperatures, especially when approaching 48 degrees C. With the aid of the combined supravital staining and MEP methods it was found that temperatures of extreme levels induced mainly immobilization rather than a spermicidic effect. The possible mechanism of thermal effect on sperm motility and some of its practical implications are discussed. PMID- 7319643 TI - A study of the short-time variation and interrelationship of plasma hormone levels reflecting pituitary, adrenocortical and testicular function in fertile men. AB - Using radioimmunoassay method, we have estimated the levels of cortisol (C), pregnenolone (delta 5P), 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-delta 5P), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-P), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in peripheral plasma samples collected at short-time (15 min) intervals from 10 fertile men, during two 4-h periods (06.00 to 10.00 and 18.00 to 22.00). In addition, the levels of biologically active luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by an in vitro bioassay method in 9 of the subjects. The levels of all steroids studied exhibited diurnal variation with higher levels during the morning and lower levels during the evening period. The cortisol and the delta 5-steroid levels also exhibited individual short-term episodic spikes during the 2 periods. No short-term variation was observed in the levels of 17-OH-P, A, T and DHT. Statistically significant correlations were found between the levels of C and those of the delta 5-steroids and A in most of the subjects. No correlation was found between the above steroid levels and those of 17-OH-P, T and DHT. Also the LH levels exhibited episodic spikes of 60 to 90 min duration, but no diurnal variation. When the LH levels were related to those of T found in the same samples or in samples withdrawn 15 to 810 min afterwards, a significant positive correlation was found on repeated occasions in 5 of the 9 subjects. No systematic negative correlation was found when the T levels were related to those of LH in the same sequential fashion. Whereas the positive correlations found between LH and T levels in some of the subjects might suggest that physiological changes in peripheral LH levels are instrumental in regulating T-secretion, the rather consistent lack of significant negative correlation between T and LH levels seems to favour the view that the release of LH is not modulated by peripheral testosterone levels alone. PMID- 7319645 TI - Effect of hormonal steroids on lactate dehydrogenase activity and its isozymes in the coagulating gland of castrated male rats. AB - The effect of castration and treatment with testosterone propionate, androstenedione and oestradiol-17 beta on the coagulating gland LDH activity and its isozymes were studied. Castration reduced the total LDH activity and administration of testosterone propionate alone was able to restore it back to sham operated control levels. Regarding LDH isozymes, the LDH3 and LDH4 responded very similarly to testosterone and oestradiol. LDH5 was significantly increased only in the androgen treated groups. The post-castration decrease in total M subunits was restored to sham operated control levels in the testosterone propionate treated group. This was mainly contributed by the LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5 isozymes. The changes observed due to testosterone propionate and androstenedione treatments have been attributed to the rejuvenation of tissue from the castration induced losses. The oestradiol induced events have been associated with the growth of fibro muscular layers observed under similar experimental conditions. PMID- 7319646 TI - A correlative study of the restorative effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones on the leydig cells, the testis and the epididymis of the regressed hedgehog. Effects of hormones on hedgehog Leydig cells. AB - The study of the effects of morphogenesis at puberty on the Leydig cells in the testis of the young hedgehog and of the subsequent changes due to the seasonal varisations, has been done. Furthermore, the restorative changes induced by the exogenous hormones in the Leydig cells and the related sex organs of the regressed hedgehogs have also been studied. It was observed that the Leydig cells from the undifferentiated mesenchyme cell-like nature in the young hedgehog, develop into an adult form possessing large number of lipids, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, complex mitochondria and extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The depletion of the lipids and other regression associated changes are found in the interstitial Leydig cells but not in those situated under tunica albuginea and the latter probably function as lipid storing cells during regression. Pituitary extract, either alone or in combination, but not testosterone, could restore completely the structure of the regressed Leydig cells. Similarly, the restoration of the complete process of spermatogenesis and the structure and function of the epididymis in the regressed hedgehog was found to be dependent upon the synergistic action of both testosterone and the gonadotrophic hormones. PMID- 7319647 TI - Use of the multiple exposure photography (MEP) method to describe shaking movement of human spermatozoa. PMID- 7319648 TI - Factors affecting the variability of semen analysis results in infertile men. AB - Infertile men who had 3 or more semen analyses performed in one laboratory were placed in 2 groups (I) oligozoospermic group (n = 106), mean sperm concentration between 1 and 20 million/ml (II) asthenozoospermic group (n = 71), mean sperm concentration greater than 20 million/ml, and mean motility less than 60%. With increasing durations of abstinence from ejaculation before the tests there were significant increases in semen volume and sperm concentration. Semen volume increased over the first 4 days to a similar extent in both groups. Sperm concentrations increased over 15 days, but the effect of abstinence was much greater in the asthenozoospermic group than in the oligozoospermic group (14% compared with 1.4% of the within subject variation). Significant changes in results accompanied repeated testing, notably rises in sperm concentration and motility. Sperm motility was lower in winter and higher in summer in both groups and also, but to a lesser extent, in artificial insemination donors who collected semen in the laboratory. CONCLUSIONS: duration of abstinence, the elapse of time and seasonal temperature changes affect semen analysis results, and therefore controls for these variables must be incorporated in any therapeutic trial for male infertility. On the other hand, they only account for a small proportion of the total variability and thus routine correction of results would not greatly improve the value of semen analysis in the prediction of fertility. Furthermore because differences in the duration of abstinence have only a small effect on sperm concentration in oligozoospermic men, restricting sexual intercourse to the time of ovulation may not enhance fertility. PMID- 7319649 TI - Changes in male salivary testosterone concentration with age. PMID- 7319650 TI - The incidence of non-specific infection in the semen in fertile and sub-fertile males. PMID- 7319651 TI - Comparison between thermograph and venous scintigraphy of the scrotum in the diagnosis of varicocele. PMID- 7319652 TI - Filtering capacity of bovine cervical mucus towards abnormal forms of human ejaculated spermatozoa. AB - The filtration capacity of bovine cervical mucus (BCM), fresh bovine cervical mucus (FBCM) or frozen and thawed bovine mucus (BCMF) was studied, using human ejaculated spermatozoa in comparison with the properties of human cervical mucus (HCM). Thirty semen specimens of good quality were used in cervical mucus (CM) penetrations, using capillary tubes containing CM of 30 HCM, 77 FBCM and 77 BCMF samples. Spermiocytograms were carried out on semen and cervical mucus at 1st and 3rd centimeter of the capillary tube after one hour of incubation. Smears were stained by Papanicolaou and the patterns of seven forms of sperm cells (normal, tapering, macrocephals, microcephals, pinhead, neck pathology and amorphous cells) were counted on a total of 100 cells in each slide. A clear, highly significant (P less than 0.0001) selection of cells penetrating the CM has been shown, preventing certain abnormal forms from penetrating the CM (macrocephals, neck pathology and amorphous cells) and enabling good penetration of normal sperm forms and moderate penetration of tapering, microcephals and pinhead cells. On the average, a specimen with normal sperm forms of 72% showed a spermiocytogram of 90% normal forms at the 3rd centimeter of migration. The same patterns of filtration were recorded in all the three sources of CM. It is suggested that BCM be used as a filter towards abnormal sperm forms in a highly teratozoospermic ejaculate in order to improve its quality for artificial inseminations. PMID- 7319653 TI - Effects of antifertility drugs on epididymal protein secretion, acquisition of sperm surface proteins and fertility in male rats. AB - The possibility that alpha-chlorohydrin, 6-chloro-6-deoxyglucose (6CDG) and cyproterone acetate (CPA) might affect epididymal protein secretion or acquisition of sperm surface proteins as the cause of their antifertility action in male rats was investigated. Daily administration of 9 mg/kg alpha-chlorohydrin for 7--14 days and 24 mg/kg 6CDG for 14--21 days induced sterility in male rats and imparied the capacity of the cauda epididymal spermatozoa to initiate motility. Treatment with CPA (30 mg/kg/day) for 21--28 days, however, was found to have no effect on fertility and initiation of sperm motility, although the epididymis of the treated animals underwent a loss in weight. The antifertility effects of alpha-chlorohydrin or 6CDG did not seem to be attributed to an interference with epididymal protein secretion. The cauda epididymal fluids of the alpha-chlorohydrin, 6CDG and CPA treated animals have similar protein patterns compared to those of the control animals. However, when the surface proteins of the spermatozoa were labelled with radioactive iodine, the sperm surface proteins alpha-chlorohydrin and 6CDG treated animals were found to differ from those of the control animals. Two peaks (MW 32 000 and 70 000) and one peak (70 000) were significantly reduced in the alpha-chlorohydrin treated and 6CDG treated animals, respectively. Additional bands appeared on the surface of the treated (infertile) animals. In contrast, CPA treatment did not affect the surface protein pattern of the epididymal spermatozoa. It was concluded that the antifertility affects of alpha-chlorohydrin and 6CDG are not due to an interference with epididymal secretion of specific proteins but to an intervention of the subsequent acquisition of these proteins by epididymal spermatozoa. This results in a decrease in the capacity of the epididymal sperm to initiate motility and hence a loss of fertilizing capacity. PMID- 7319654 TI - Preparation of 109Pd-hematoporphyrin for selective lymphatic ablation using N methylhematoporphyrin. PMID- 7319655 TI - Bacterial growth on Mueller Hinton medium sterilized by gamma-radiation. PMID- 7319657 TI - Amino acids and hemodialysis. PMID- 7319656 TI - The biological behaviour of some organic astatine compounds in rats. PMID- 7319658 TI - Subclavian cannulation for hemodialysis. PMID- 7319659 TI - Polyacrilonytrile versus cuprophan membranes for hemodialysis: evaluation of efficacy and biocompatibility by platelet aggregation studies. AB - The short- and long-term effect of hemodialysis with two different membranes -- cuprophan and polyacrilonytrile -- on platelet aggregation has been investigated in 12 uremic patients undergoing extracorporeal dialysis, passing from one treatment to the other. Cuprophan membranes failed to correct the defective platelet aggregation of uremia, and their thrombogenicity was documented by a fall in platelet count and further impairment of platelet aggregation during dialysis. On the contrary, polyacrilonitrile membranes showed the capacity to correct completely but transiently the platelet aggregation, without changes in platelet count. The results indicate that polyacrilonytrile membranes show a better biocompatibility toward platelets than cuprophan membranes. PMID- 7319660 TI - Selection of an adsorbent and hemoperfusion column design. PMID- 7319661 TI - Plasma exchange in five patients with acute Guillain Barre syndrome. AB - During the last 3 years plasma exchanges were undertaken in 5 patients with acute Guillain Barre syndrome (G.B.S.). All the patients were admitted in the intensive respiratory care unit and had received six plasma exchange procedures over two weeks (each procedure consists of 2-3 L exchange). The first patient improved dramatically after the second exchange. Moderate success was obtained in two patients. One patient did not show any effect. The fifth patient received plasma exchange one day after her recovery phase had begun but the course of recovery remained uneffected. The effect of plasma exchange was analysed as the patients' response to motor activity, and compared with a historical control group consisting of 50 acute G.B.S. patients admitted in the intensive respiratory care area over the last 25 years. Plasma exchange does not seem to have exerted any significant effect although at any given time the plasma exchange group had higher motor activity than that of the control group. A controlled clinical trial especially in the early phase of the disease is emphasized. PMID- 7319662 TI - Patients with high titers of circulating immune complexes are most likely to benefit from plasmapheresis treatment. AB - Intermittent flow centrifugation system was utilized in the management of 17 patients with IC diseases. 14 out of 14 patients that had high levels of ICs prior to plasmapheresis showed both clinical and immunochemical evidence of improvement with plasmapheresis. 3 patients had no evidence of circulating ICs prior to plasmapheresis: in these cases no apparent result was achieved after the apheretic therapy. Although the striking correlation between IC removal and clinical result is not a formal proof of responsibility of CIC in the pathogenesis of the disease, it is suggested that quantitative determination of CICs (utilizing several different recognition units) may be a useful parameter in the decision to apply plasmapheresis in the therapy of selected autoimmune diseases. PMID- 7319663 TI - Sintered platinum for cardiac pacing. AB - Platinum electrodes for cardiac stimulation having a surface porosity in the range of 40 micrometers have been prepared with a sintering process. These electrodes showed excellent in vitro characteristics (low polarization and sensing impedance). Animal testing proved good tissue acceptance and clinical trials in 31 patients gave the following results: threshold at implant 0,375 microJ (SD: 0.174 microJ), chronic threshold 1.15 microJ (SD: 1.05 microJ). The longest observation period was 7 months and the mean observation period was 17.1 weeks. These results indicate that this type of electrode allows safe stimulation of the heart with low energy pulses; in particular a reliable safety margin could be obtained with pulses having the amplitude of the existing lithium batteries, avoiding the need for a voltage doubler. This would improve the battery utilization and the pulse generator longevity. PMID- 7319664 TI - Simulation package for multiple intravenous infusions of two compartment pharmacokinetic drugs. AB - A program is presented to simulate the blood concentrations of two compartment pharmacokinetic drugs following multiple or intermittent constant rate intravenous infusions. The package requires the data input of some two compartment parameters, the rates and lengths of the infusions, and provides blood concentration-time predictions utilizing the principle of superposition. A unique feature of the package is the graphical plotting option, which displays the entire simulation all at once. The package was developed on a 48 000 byte Radio Shack TRS-80 microcomputer. The interpreter used was Radio Shack TRS-80 Level II Basic. This program is also compatible with TRS-80 Level III Basic. Approximately 5300 bytes of memory are occupied by the program with another 500 1500 bytes being necessary for data and results. PMID- 7319666 TI - Pharmacokinetic curve fitting and parameter determination by non-linear, iterative least squares regression analysis using a programmed minicalculator. PMID- 7319665 TI - [Hemodynamic control by optimization of the cardiac pump]. AB - Transport of energy appears as the ultimate finality of the force convection cardiovascular system. Blood pressure cardiac output and vascular resistances are the three major components of the circulatory system. Among them, blood pressure is regarded as the regulated parameter whose control value is the best adapted parameter, to each kind of activity, neurogenic mechanisms. The authors, considering the physiological variations of blood pressure during increasing energetic loads imposed on the organism, propose a new control function: optimization of cardiac mechanical power necessary to assure convection of the energy needed by the organism. Blood pressure is no more regarded as a constant. Simultaneous changes in cardiac output and blood pressure are both significant, adjusted to realize energetic minimisation of the cardiac pump. This cardiovascular regulation is described by a system of equations whose resolution leads to results in good accordance with physiological data. PMID- 7319667 TI - Seasonality of conception in human populations in Chile. PMID- 7319669 TI - Effects of air ions on the neonatal growth of laboratory rats. PMID- 7319668 TI - The oxygen consuming systems of the liver mice exposed to simulated high altitude. PMID- 7319670 TI - Smoking and the development of metastases from malignant melanoma. PMID- 7319671 TI - Tumour cells in metastatic deposits with altered sensitivity to natural killer cells. AB - If natural killer (NK) cells play a role in immunosurveillance it might by expected that, during the metastatic process, selection would occur for tumour cells with reduced NK sensitivity. This hypothesis was tested in the rat by measuring the NK sensitivity of cells freshly isolated from metastases of syngeneic transplanted spontaneous mammary carcinomas. Lysis was measured in a 6 h chromium release assay using normal syngeneic spleen cells as effectors. Our studies led to the following conclusions. (1) Metastases developing at certain tissue sites (draining lymph node and lung, but not pericardium) were frequently composed of tumour cells with markedly reduced sensitivity to NK cells. (2) This resistance could generally be detected only if freshly isolated tumour cell population were studied; after a few days in culture, resistant metastasis derived tumour cells usually regained normal NK sensitivity. (3) Resistance to NK cells was not always due to the loss of NK target structures; it could also result from an innate resistance to the NK lytic mechanism. (4) The tissue distribution of NK-resistant metastases suggested that if NK cells exerted an immunoselective pressure they did so at the tissue site rather than in the primary tumour or in the bloodstream. PMID- 7319672 TI - RNA oncovirus expression in N-methyl-n-nitrosourea-induced lymphomas in mice. AB - RNA oncovirus expression was investigated in thymic lymphomas induced by N-methyl N-nitrosourea (MNU) in (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1(BDF1) mice. Out of 15 newborn mice injected with 20 mg/kg MNU, five developed thymic tumours to T-cell origin. Virus production of thymic cells from tumorous and normal animals was studied by an infectious center assay. All five tumours released ecotropic (mouse tropic) virus. No xenotropic or dual-tropic mink cell focus-inducing virus was found. No virus was obtained from thymus cells taken from six normal mice killed between 83 and 124 days; however, an ecotropic virus was cultured from the thymus of a 134 day-old normal mouse. According to these results, the MNU-induced thymic lymphoma development in BDF1 mice is accompanied by activation of endogenous ecotropic virus, whereas spontaneous activation also occurs in older mice. PMID- 7319673 TI - Characterization of a rabbit anti-human malignant glioma antiserum. PMID- 7319674 TI - Morbidity from cancer in La Paz, Bolivia. AB - Data from a population-based Cancer Registry in La Paz, Bolivia, are presented. The city is located at approximately 4,000 meters above sea level and has a strong cultural influence consisting of Aymara Indians immigrating from the altiplano. Incidence rates in females are high for cancer of the cervix, the gallbladder and the thyroid gland. Males display unusually high rates of testicular cancer. Stomach cancer rates are lower than among other Andean populations. Smoking-related cancer and cancers related to sex-hormones are lower than average in incidence. Cancer of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses is unusually high in frequency. PMID- 7319675 TI - Cultivation of human melanomas in soft agar. Factors influencing plating efficiency and chemosensitivity. AB - As part of a programme to study the predictive clinical value of a soft agar assay for measuring chemosensitivity of human melanomas in vitro, we have observed the effect of three disaggregation methods on the yield of tumor cells, plating efficiency in soft agar and chemosensitivity. The yields and plating efficiencies obtained, as well as sensitivity to DTIC, CCNU, vinblastine and abrin, were about the same whether collagenase/pronase/DNase-treatment, trypsin/EDTA-treatment or mechanical treatment was used. When melanoma xenografts of different sizes were studied, an inverse relationship between tumor size and plating efficiency was found, whereas chemosensitivity was unaffected by tumor size. The highest plating efficiencies of melanoma cells, both from patient biopsies and from xenografts, were obtained when red blood cells were present and a low oxygen concentration (5%) was used. The results demonstrate that, in the case of melanomas, the fraction of tumor cells that are clonogenic in vitro depends on the size of the tumors, and even more so on the culture conditions used. An important finding was that chemosensitivity in vitro appears to be unaffected by the disaggregation method and by tumor size. PMID- 7319676 TI - Light-induced chromatid damage in human skin fibroblasts in culture in relation to their neoplastic potential. AB - Skin fibroblasts from ataxia telangiectasia and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) donors and from the XP sib (possible heterozygote), all genetically predisposed to a high risk of cancer, show an increased susceptibility to light-induced chromatid breaks after culture in vitro. Light-induced chromatid breaks were shown previously to result from generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during light exposure. The level of susceptibility attained is significantly higher than that observed in 13 lines of fibroblasts from normal skin of donors ranging in age from 3 days to 92 years or from fetal skin tested at various population doubling levels. Two lines of normal skin fibroblasts transformed by chemical carcinogens to neoplastic cells also show a significant increase in susceptibility as compared with their untransformed controls. These data indicate for human cells, as reported earlier for mouse cells, an association between enhanced susceptibility to light-induced chromatid damage and neoplastic potential; this association is further supported by the high susceptibility of cells derived from a human adenocarcinoma. Two observations are consistent with the concept that the increased susceptibility does not result from greater initial damage to the DNA of the neoplastic cells. First, activities of the ubiquitous H2O2 scavenging enzyme, glutathione peroxidase, are similar in the paired normal and neoplastic cell populations. Second, cells of the paired lines are equally sensitive to DNA breakage by exogenous H2O2. The enhanced susceptibility associated with neoplastic potential may result from an impaired capacity to repair DNA rather than a greater initial sensitivity of the neoplastic cells to the damaging agent. PMID- 7319677 TI - Establishment of attached and non-attached cell lines from an uncommon human glioma. AB - A New cell line, U-706, established from an uncommon human glioma (possibly giant cell glioblastoma) is reported in this communication. The tumor gave rise to two permanent sublines, one attached (U-706M) and one non-attached (U-706S) cell line. The growth characteristics, chromosome banding pattern, electronmicroscopic picture and cell surface characteristics of the two sublines are described. PMID- 7319679 TI - The contribution of a fat cell pool to adipose tissue cellularity. AB - The possible role of fat cell precursor differentiation and contribution to total adipose cellularity in the genetically obese Zucker fa/fa and non-obese Fa/-rat is reported. The study demonstrates that there is no difference in adipocyte precursor growth characteristics under normal culture conditions between genotypes. However, it is shown that there is a significantly larger fat cell pool maintained in the adult fa/fa epididymal adipose tissue, when compared to their lean littermates. The question as to the identity of the adipocyte precursor in the fat cell pool is addressed. PMID- 7319678 TI - Sequential changes in peripheral blood leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity during progressive growth and spontaneous regression of canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. AB - Sequential changes in canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS) extract induced leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were monitored in dogs from the time of tumor inoculation through progressive growth and spontaneous regression or surgical excision of CTVS. The time-course profiles of LAI reactivity of tumor dog PBL correlated with the clinical stage of tumor growth, substantiating our previous findings in a cross-sectional study. The kinetics of the time-course appearance of LAI reactivity observed and the demonstration of a rapid anamnestic response following tumor challenge indicate further that LAI is a reliable in vitro measure of in vivo tumor immunity. A significant increase in CTVS antigen extract induced LAI reactivity observed in the PBL during tumor regression suggest that LAI reflects a function effector cell mechanism associated with spontaneous regression of CTVS. By contrast, absence of significant LAI reactivity of PBL during progressive tumor growth suggests the presence of serum blocking factors. In addition a substantial rebound in LAI reactivity observed in the PBL of dogs 3 to 7 days following surgical excision of progressively growing CTVS provides further evidence that tumor-cell components are associated with progressive tumor growth and diminished LAI reactivity. PMID- 7319680 TI - Uncontrolled adipocyte proliferation is not the primary lesion in the genetically obese Zucker rat. AB - One of several hypotheses concerning the nature of the genetic lesion which produces obesity in the Zucker fatty rat is that a defect in control of cellular proliferation in adipose tissue leads to hypercellular-hypertrophic obesity with all its metabolic and behavioral sequalae. Three lines of evidence are presented which render this hypothesis untenable: (1) maximal cell enlargement precedes maximum rate of cell addition in adipose tissue; (2) lipectomized obese rats do not regenerate subcutaneous adipocytes; and (3) cultured adipocyte precursors from obese rat adipose tissue grow at the same rate as do cells cultured from lean tissue. An alternative hypothesis that an alteration in hepatic lipid metabolism may be the locus of the genetic lesion is presented along with evidence from in-vivo and in-vitro studies of hepatic lipogenesis in the Zucker rat. PMID- 7319682 TI - Effects of diet and environment on adipocyte development. AB - Induction of adipocyte hyperplasia in the rat is dependent on factors such as hormones, circulating metabolic substrates, fat cell size, and qualitative aspects of the cells in a given depot. Analysis of the specific factors which promote hyperplasia under the different circumstances of diet and environment are discussed and may help towards an understanding of the hyperplastic process in man which may eventually lead to the possibility of intervention. PMID- 7319681 TI - The development of brown adipose tissue during experimental overnutrition in rats. AB - The characteristics of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) growth in normally-eating and in overnourished lean rats have been described from 3 days postweaning until 18 weeks of age. Additionally, the relationship between IBAT, diet, and body composition were investigated. The IBAT weight of normally-eating rats increased rapidly until ten weeks of age, and only gradually after that time. In overnourished rats, IBAT weight was significantly greater than in normally-eating rats after only 3 days of the over-eating regimen and increased more than twice as rapidly as in controls thereafter. Brown adipocyte diameter increased by only 30 percent in both groups during the study, while adipocyte number of overnourished rats became three-fold greater by ten weeks of age. IBAT represented 36 percent of the total brown adipose tissue in both normally-fed and in overnourished rats. Overnourished rats demonstrated a significant decrease in the efficiency of weight gain, but still became fatter than normally-fed animals. Surgical reduction of IBAT resulted in an improved efficiency of weight gain and in a greater carcass fat content in the overnourished rats, while body composition and the efficiency of weight gain were unaltered in similarly operated normally-feeding rats. When older animals were overfed, IBAT growth was similar to that of younger rats; and, when previously overfed adult rats were returned to a stock diet for six weeks, IBAT weight was preserved. The results of these studies are consistent with the development of a nutritionally-induced hyperplasia of brown adipose tissue in the overnourished rats, similar to that which occurs in cold-adaptation, and which could enhance an animal's capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis. These data further suggest that normally-functioning brown adipose tissue may play an active role in energy expenditure in the lean rat, and thus may influence its propensity for fatness. PMID- 7319685 TI - Cholesterol synthesis and storage in adipose tissue. AB - A markedly-high cholesterol production characterizes human obesity. So far, the site of origin of this extra synthesis has not been defined, even though the liver may play an important role. A marked expansion of adipose tissue in obesity raises a question on the local cholesterol synthesis, particularly because this organ can store a lot of cholesterol and its precursors, methyl sterols and squalene particularly. Some aspects of cholesterol synthesis and storage in adipose tissue will be dealt with in this paper. Available data have demonstrated that human fat tissue is capable of synthesizing cholesterol at a low rate. PMID- 7319683 TI - Prospective studies on adipose tissue development in man. PMID- 7319684 TI - Growth of adipose tissue in infants, children and adolescents: variations in growth disorders. AB - In order to identify factors important in the growth of adipose tissue, four groups of children were studied. Infants of gestational diabetic mothers demonstrated increased fat cell numbers as early as age two months, a finding which accelerated with increasing age, and which was associated with persistent hyperinsulinemia and increasing obesity. Children with growth hormone deficiency increased their adipose cell number following treatment with exogenous hormone. Patients with the Prader-Willi syndrome, who developed obesity after the age of two, did so primarily via increases in fat cell size. Identical twins who were concordant for birthweight continued to have similar weights and total adipocyte numbers, while in those with discordant birthweights the smaller twin displays lower body weight and adipose cell number. The data indicate that growth hormone and insulin, as well as genetic factors, which may be modified by the in-utero environment, are important determinants of human adipose tissue mass. PMID- 7319686 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2 on adenylate cyclase activity and lipolysis in human adipose tissue. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms of prostaglandin action in human adipose tissue the effects of prostaglandin E2 on isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis in intact human fat cells and on adenylate cyclase activity of fat-cell ghosts were compared. In intact fat cells prostaglandin E2 caused a dose-dependent inhibition of isoproterenol -stimulated lipolysis which has a maximum of about 40 per cent; half maximal effects were observed at approximately 30 nmol/l prostaglandin E2. In broken cell preparation prostaglandin E2 displayed biphasic effects on adenylate cyclase activity with inhibition occurring in the nanomolar concentration range and stimulation at prostaglandin E2-concentrations above 1 mumol/l. The inhibitory component of prostaglandin E2-action was critically dependent on relatively high concentrations of GTP (greater than 1 mumol/l) and was augmented by sodium ions. The inhibitory component of prostaglandin E2-action on adenylate cyclase reflected the antilipolytic effects of this C-20 fatty acid in intact fat cells with respect to the effective concentration range and degree of inhibition suggesting that the antilipolytic effects of prostaglandins are in fact mediated via inhibition of human fat-cell adenylate cyclase. PMID- 7319690 TI - On some positive aspects of the negative therapeutic reaction. AB - The development of the concept of the Negative Therapeutic Reaction (N.T.R.) is followed through from the original description by Freud to that of later and contemporary psychoanalysts, revealing a considerable divergence of opinions as to the causes of the condition. It is suggested that in the more chronic forms the reaction is a special kind of acting out of the transference in the psychoanalytic situation, when it is also a particularly stubborn defence against the re-experiencing of pain and psychic suffering associated with early trauma. It is generally agreed that the N.T.R. is a challenge to the analyst's countertransference. On the other hand, it is also of positive value as an indicator of the state of the transference and the possibility that an especially painful area in the patient's psychopathology has been reached, requiring a further working through and better integration. Two clinical illustrations are presented in support of these theoretical considerations. PMID- 7319688 TI - Lipoprotein lipase at onset of obesity induced in rats by a high-fat diet. AB - Obesity is detectable in adult male Wistar rats three weeks after initiation of a high-fat diet. Although there was an immediate increase in muscle lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and a progressive adaptative response in adipose tissue leading to inhibition of de-novo lipogenesis, loss of insulin sensitivity and decreased functional LPL activity, the ensuing reorientation of lipid metabolism failed to prevent obesity. It is concluded that there is no fixed relationship between enlargement of adipose tissue and LPL activity in this tissue, at onset of obesity. PMID- 7319687 TI - Glucose transport in isolated rat adipose cells. AB - Several different approaches to the measurement of hexose transport rates in isolated adipocytes from lean and obese rats have been utilized in the last six years. The uptake as a function of time of the non-metabolizable sugar 3-0 methylglucose is so fast that until recently no measurements of the 'true' transport rates (ie initial velocity of influx) could be made. Other nonmetabolizable sugars such as L-arabinose are taken up more slowly, due to their low affinities and their influxes at early times are measureable. Alternatively, the uptake with time of 2-deoxyglucose, an analogue of glucose which is transported and phosphorylated, but not further metabolized, has been used extensively as a measure of transport rate. The data from different studies comparing the transport rates in adipocytes from lean and obese rats are at variance. The present discussion is an attempt to explain why the results of such studies have not always agreed. In addition, as a result of our recent studies comparing 2-deoxyglucose and 3-0-methylglucose transport, we introduce a new model of hexose transport in adipocytes. PMID- 7319689 TI - What happens after lipoprotein lipase? A low fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue (FIAT) in hypertriglyceridaemia-experimental and clinical studies. AB - The Fatty acid Incorporation into human Adipose Tissue (FIAT), the metabolic step after the hydrolysis of plasma triglyceride (TG)-bound fatty acids (FA) by lipoprotein lipase, was studied by an in-vitro technique to investigate its role and reactions to various substrates, drug and dietary treatments in hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG). We found that FIAT was reduced, P less than 0.001, in patients with HTG and a recent myocardial infarction compared to normotriglyceridaemic (NTG) patients. Patients with very high plasma TG levels had the lowest FIAT. There were highly significant positive correlations between FIAT in several subcutaneous regions and omental fat with highest activities in the omental fat. FIAT increased approximately linearly with increasing medium FA concentrations in both NTG and HTG patients. Low values were more common in HTG. In both groups, however, the rate of fatty acid mobilizing lipolysis was significantly decreased when FA increased. FA thus seems to have important effects on both FIAT and rate of lipolysis. FIAT was increased when rate of fatty acid mobilization was inhibited in vitro by the beta-blocker oxprenolol. FIAT decreased, P less than 0.05 and lipolysis increased, P less than 0.01 after one week of treatment with an adenosine derivate BM 11.189. Serum TG were not affected in that study but decreased, P less than 0.001, when HTG patients were treated by diet and clofibrate for two weeks presumably because this treatment increased FA-removal, ie FIAT. The results suggest that variations in the FIAT activity seems to play an important role in determining plasma TG levels. PMID- 7319691 TI - Does metapsychology still exist? AB - Metapsychology has been under attack from two principal directions: from those who believe that metapsychology is no longer congruent with observations; and from those who see metapsychology as irrelevant, as they no longer share Freud's belief that psychoanalysis is a form of natural science. In addition there is no shared agreement as to the definition of metapsychology itself. The author observes three different functions of metapsychology: a selection of psychological phenomena that could be termed universal in the sense that they are characteristic of the human species; secondly a set of assumptions upon which a psychological system can be founded and made explicit; and thirdly metapsychology functions as a modelling device, an imaginary entity, an experiment in thinking. When we refer to metapsychology we are not describing a single entity but a broad heading that contains at least these three distinct functions. We believe that psychoanalysis is a unique discipline in that it shares with the hermeneutic disciplines the use of empathy as a mode of observation, viewing man from the inside, but subjects these observations to the organizing functions of metapsychology which views man from the outside. It is characteristic of psychoanalysis that there are rapid shifts from the I-Thou (empathic identification) to the I-It (naturalist observer) position. For this reason psychoanalysis cannot be fitted into any ready made epistemology. Any attempt to replace metapsychology by action theory or by the organizing principles of the structure of language are announcements of programmes yet to be realized and there is reason to doubt whether such programmes are realizable. There are, however, empiric discrepancies which require a modification but not the elimination of metapsychology. Our newer observations of narcissistic character disorders, especially the mirroring function, suggest that maturation is not necessarily equated with internalization - that a "fitting in" front the environment remains an adult requirement and is not necessarily the persistence of something infantile. So that the ego and its relation to the human environment is not a closed system. The task of contemporary metapsychology is to encompass this newer knowledge from the narcissistic disorders without "reifying' a system of "internalized' objects or returning to a simplistic theory of "interpersonal relationships'. Metapsychology needs to be modified but not abandoned. PMID- 7319693 TI - The ego: an evolving construct. AB - This paper has attempted to enlarge and elaborate the concept of the representational world as a substructure of the ego. Toward that end a variety of Freud's definitions of ego are presented at various phases of their conceptual development. Because the functional definition of the ego is the one most stressed by Freud (1923) and by post-Freudian elaborators, the definitions of the latter group (A. Freud, 1936; Waelder, 1936; Hartmann, 1939, 1950; Jacobson, 1964) are also presented. Most contemporary critiques (G. Klein, 1976; Kohut, 1977; Schafer, 1976) of the structural hypothesis centre on its mechanistic jargon and the energetic point of view. Although aspects of these critiques have validity I believe the radical paradigmatic alternatives they propose to be excessive. It is a premise of this paper than the elaboration of the concept of the representation world facilitates the understanding of clinical data reflective of intrasystemic conflict of the ego. PMID- 7319694 TI - The pre-psychotic phase and its reconstruction in schizophrenic and paranoiac psychoses. PMID- 7319692 TI - Infinite experiences, affects and the characteristics of the unconscious. AB - The work of Matte-Blanco is little understood by psychoanalysts largely because he used mathematical logic as an essential method to elucidate psychoanalytic theory. His findings, however, seem to be important and warrant this simple introductory paper explaining key ideas. Two fundamentally distinct processes, defined as asymmetrical and symmetrical logics are introduced and illustrated. Asymmetrical logic is analogous to secondary process while symmetrical logic has affinity with primary process. Both logic seem to interweave in any thought processes but with asymmetry predominating in scientific thought while symmetrical logic is most evident in psychosis and dreams. It is furthermore argued that the various characteristics of the unconscious, as described by Freud, can be seen as different mental outcomes with symmetrical logic at the base of all of them. A parallel is discovered by Matte-Blanco between the characteristics of symmetrical logic and those of infinite sets as defined mathematically. This leads to an investigation of the concept of infinity and of psychological infinite experiences. These can be readily detected in omnipotence, omniscience, and idealization, but they also seem to occur in extreme emotional states such as being in love, dread and grief. If nuclei of extreme states are contained in any affect, then it is likely that all affects in their cognitive aspects contain experiences of infinity. Symmetrical logic may thus be a common background both to the characteristics of the unconscious and emotionality generally. PMID- 7319695 TI - Narcissism and adaptation to indignity. AB - Having initially briefly reviewed and then compared and contrasted the contributions of Kernberg and Kohut to the theory and treatment of narcissistic problems, the attempt was then made to evaluate critically their merits and possible short-comings. It was felt that in pushing back the frontiers of pathology to earlier and earlier developmental phases there has been an associated tendency to postulate "essentially preverbal unconscious communication' between therapist and patient where empathy tends to minimize or replace free association and other secondary process communication as the analytic therapeutic tool. The view was put forward that both Kernberg and Kohut emphasized the countertransference dangers involved in treating patients with narcissistic problems at the expense of recognizing the communicative, adaptive aspects of the feelings evoked and provoked by such patients. There was the question raised whether new self psychologies were required or merely the modification of existing theories. This was especially relevant to proposed changes in viewing the place of drives and the Oedipus complex. Finally, an attempt was made to show that along with object-related developmental conflicts and traumas, life presents us all with a series of indignities related to narcissistic traumas that we must cope with from infancy to senescence, and not least among these traumas are those related to being an analytic patient. PMID- 7319696 TI - Technical problems in the analysis of a pseudo-compliant patient. AB - This is a clinical paper which describes the analysis of a defensive narcissistic personality. The emphasis is on studying and illustrating the behaviour in the sessions which I have called that of a pseudo-compliance. This behaviour was aimed at maintaining a splitting between an idealized relationship with the analyst and the projection into external objects of persecuting and painful aspects of this relationship. By appearing to agree with almost everything and listening to almost nothing, the patient felt that she could avoid contact with feelings of dependency that seemed to terrify her. PMID- 7319699 TI - Congenital pre-auricular sinus. A study of 31 cases seen over a ten year period. PMID- 7319697 TI - Craniofacial resection for ethmoid carcinoma in children. AB - The combined craniofacial resection is a well-established method of managing invasive primary malignant nasoethmoidal disease in adults, and serves as an excellent surgical technique for the en bloc eradication of these lesions [6]. The nasoethmoid region is a relatively uncommon site for the development of primary carcinoma. Less than 3% of cancers involving the adult upper aerodigestive system arise in this area [11,13]. Because similar lesions occur in the pediatric population even less frequently, there has been little opportunity to gain the knowledge necessary to develop a standardized treatment of this disease in children. We report the use of a combined therapeutic regimen consisting of cobalt-60 radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy, to manage a primary malignant undifferentiated carcinoma of the ethmoid complex in an adolescent. Since the initiation of treatment at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital, the child has remained free of tumor for 24 months. The techniques of craniofacial resection for the removal of certain tumors in the nasoethmoid complex of adults may be easily adapted for use in the pediatric population, and should be included in the surgical armamentarium of the otolaryngologist providing this type of health care for children. PMID- 7319698 TI - Stenosing processes due to endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy in children. AB - In 1976-1978 there were 15 children hospitalized in the Children's ORL Clinics in Prague and treated for larynx trauma caused by long-term endotracheal intubation. Tracheostomy was performed in all cases, the changes in the larynx were mostly treated in a conservative manner. In one instance we used laryngofissura; however, further dilatations had to be carried out. With a single exception, all the patients have been healed successfully. Plastic operations were performed to make decannulation easier. PMID- 7319700 TI - Brainstem evoked response audiometry in the premature infant population. AB - Auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry was performed on 76 non-selected premature infants from 32 to 40 weeks conceptional age. Follow-up ABR was completed on 45 infants at 4 months of age. The results were compared to data from selected, relatively low risk infants of comparable age. No significant differences were seen between the two groups, which indicates that normative data from non-selected premature infants can be obtained to identify ABR abnormality. PMID- 7319701 TI - Hearing loss prediction by the acoustic reflex in a young population: comparison of seven methods. AB - Seven methods of hearing loss prediction by the acoustic reflex were compared in 869 subjects, aged 1 to 20 years. The seven methods were two versions of Sensitivity Prediction by Acoustic Reflex (SPAR), four regression equations, and a bivariate plot technique. While accuracy rate for each of the seven methods generally exceeded 64%, hearing loss was most accurately identified by the bivariate plot system. The proportions of predictive errors among methods, however, ranged from 22 to 31%; moderate errors predominated while severe predictive errors were rare. Accuracy of hearing loss prediction was not significantly affected by chronologic age. However, all methods produced a substantial (31-67%) proportion of predictive errors in patients with minor, clinically insignificant, tympanometric abnormalities. In children with normal impedance findings, the methods permit reasonably accurate identification of hearing loss, categorization of degree of loss, or prediction of hearing loss in dB. PMID- 7319702 TI - Normal vestibular responses to air caloric tests in children. AB - One hundred and forty normal children, divided into four age-groups (2-3, 4-5, 6 7, 8-10 years old) have been submitted to a vestibular examination by caloric tests with air, and the responses were recorded. This technique is sure and easily reproducible. Frequency of nystagmus, and maximum eye speed in slow phase of nystagmus (M.E.S.) were examined during 30 sec after caloric stimulation. Frequency of nystagmus increases, and M.E.S. decreases as the children become older. A significant difference between the 2-3 and 4-5 year old groups is also noticed. Normal variations are fixed for each age group. A quantitative relation between frequency, M.E.S. and height is established. PMID- 7319703 TI - The size of the mastoid air cell system among black and white children with middle ear effusion. AB - The incidence of middle ear disease among black American children is lower than among white children. Many factors may contribute to this difference. The possibility of an anatomical variation regarding the cellularity of the mastoid process was investigated. The size of the mastoid air cell system was measured in black and white children with and without middle ear effusion. A significantly smaller mastoid air cell system was found in the groups with middle ear disease compared to those without disease. No difference between white and black children in diseased as well as non-diseased ears could be demonstrated. PMID- 7319704 TI - Laryngeal closure in the management of severe long-standing bulbar palsy in a child. AB - An 11-year-old girl developed a severe brainstem encephalopathy thought to be due to multiple sclerosis. She has been left with a severe long-standing bulbar palsy and a permanent tracheostomy. A new operation of laryngeal closure is described which gave relief from recurrent aspiration pneumonia and cardiorespiratory failure. PMID- 7319705 TI - Familial multiple pigmented naevi and sensorineural deafness. A new autosomal dominant syndrome? PMID- 7319706 TI - Increased serotonin level via augmented tryptophan diet and its effect on escape learning. AB - Brain serotonin level was increased by supplementing the diet in two groups of rats. They were first exposed to conditions of shock, either escapable or inescapable. They were then placed in a cool water bath, and the response latency to successful escape was noted. Two other groups fed normal diets were similarly examined. Tryptophan effects of hypothermia were shown to interact with the analgesic effects of serotonin and to the tolerance of the noxious water bath. The results are discussed in relation to brain serotonin effects on escape following shock pretreatment ("learned helplessness") and its relevance to clinical depression. PMID- 7319707 TI - On the mechanism underlying facial-affective agnosia in senile demented patients. AB - Two experiments were conducted in which senile demented patients were shown pictures of happy, sad, and angry faces, and tested for their ability to recognize these emotional expressions. Their affect recognition was obviously impaired, as they tended to respond to the line or feature characteristics of the faces, instead of the affective meaning that was suggested by the facial expressions. This impairment was somewhat overcome either by adding verbal cues which created an affective set, or by making feature detection irrelevant to the recognition process. It was shown that if the tendency to detect features is defeated, senile people can extract emotional meaning from facial stimuli. The data suggested that the mechanism underlying facial-affect agnosia is an impairment in the associative connections between the visual impression of facial expression and affective meaning. PMID- 7319708 TI - Brain stimulation as a cue for event-related potentials in rat cortex: amphetamine effects. AB - Slow potential (SP) responses were recorded bilaterally from the frontal cortex of rats with permanently implanted silver-silver chloride electrodes. Trials were presented at variable intervals from 15 to 50 sec and the interval between the pulse cue and onset of the rewarding train was 2 sec. The cue stimulus was a single 0.5 msec monophasic square wave pulse of the same current intensity as rewarding stimulation (100 Hz, 500 msec train). Appropriate current strength was determined by prior testing for self-stimulation. The single pulse by itself failed to evoke an SP response but after repeated pairings, large negative SP responses developed which were bilaterally equal. These responses extinguished rapidly when rewarding stimulation was discontinued. d-Amphetamine (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, SC) produced a dose-related depression of the SP response to the pulse cue, an effect comparable to that observed using an auditory cue with either food or MFB stimulation reinforcement. The results indicate that frontal cortex SP responses which develop in anticipation of a meaningful event do not require a peripheral sensory cue. Furthermore, amphetamine suppression of these SP responses is not produced via a disruption of the auditory system. PMID- 7319709 TI - On the relation between somatic evoked potentials and fields. AB - Recently Okada et al. (1981) reported that stimulation of the median nerve with a brief electrical impulse at the wrist evoked a transient change in the brain's magnetic field. This somatic evoked field (SEF) is similar in its temporal waveform to the response to the same stimulus reported for the electrical potential recorded on the pial surface of the exposed brain. Moreover, both measures differ substantially from the somatic evoked potential (SEP) recorded at the scalp. The present paper describes a more detailed account of the SEF as well as an analysis of its relation to the SEP and to the somatic pial response (SPR). Its purpose of the use the three measures in clarifying our understanding of the nature and locations of sources of the SEF. This paper is divided into three sections. The first is a background section which reviews basic principles and models that are widely used in deducing the locations of sources of evoked potentials and fields. It indicates the types of currents which may give rise to the SEF, and distinguishes between them and the current which is associated with the SEP. It concludes with a rationale for the experiments described in the next section. The experiments described in the second section determined how the SEF varies with the position from which it is recorded at the scalp. These variations turn out to be essential to our understanding of the nature and location of the sources of the SEF. The third section summarizes the results of the experiments and makes clear how they affect theories of the origin of the SEF. The findings also have implications for our understanding of the SEP and SPR. The most salient findings are: (1) The SEF recorded normal to the head provides essentially the same information as that provided by reported potential recordings from the exposed surface of the brain (the SPR). (2) The SEF originates in the cortex of the cerebrum in the vicinity of the central sulcus. (3) The currents that account for identifiable components of the SEF are opposite in direction to those that account for corresponding components of the SPR. This result is consistent with models that ascribe the detected field normal to the scalp to intracellular currents, whereas the VEP is associated with extracellular currents flowing in the opposite direction. PMID- 7319710 TI - Subcortical correlates of the auditory brain stem potentials in man: referential EEG responses. PMID- 7319711 TI - Deriving scale values from the analysis of variance. AB - Subjects' responses to ordered stimuli may be used to derive interstimulus scale values without additional experimental procedures. From the conventional data matrix used for analysis of variance, it is possible to maximize selected ratios of sums of squares in a fashion which is equivalent to factor analysis or the classical discrimination problem. Given the assumption of a linear stimulus/response relationship, the calculations are straightforward and provided valuable additional information. PMID- 7319712 TI - The uptake and release of an 125I-labelled analogue of chloroquine (IQ3) by rat blood platelets. PMID- 7319713 TI - Is the nude mouse bearing a human tumor the best model for study of tumor localizing radionuclides? PMID- 7319715 TI - Selection of patients for coronary arteriography with thallium-201: operating position on the receiver operating characteristic curve. PMID- 7319714 TI - A performance study of a new image intensifier gamma-camera. PMID- 7319716 TI - Double tracer studies with 76As and 99mTc labeled arsonomethylphosphonate and arsonoacetate. PMID- 7319718 TI - "Railroad ties" noted on radiocolloid anterior hepatic dynamic study. PMID- 7319717 TI - Testicular-scrotal content of 201Tl and 67 Ga after intravenous administration. PMID- 7319720 TI - The influence of G-6-PD activity on the response of erythrocyte glutathione reductase to riboflavin deficiency. AB - Erythrocyte NAD(P)H2 glutathione oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.4.2.) activation coefficients (EGR AC) and D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49 (G-6-PD) activities were measured in 155 West African women to determine whether heterozygous G-6-PD deficiency produces false negative results in the EGR test for riboflavin deficiency. A positive correlation was found between EGR AC and G-6-PD activity demonstrating that heterozygous G-6-PD deficiency does result in abnormally depressed EGR AC values when G-6-PD activity is significantly reduced. However, heterozygous deficient genotypes with normal G-6-PD activity showed undepressed EGR AC values. These results indicate that, in its present form, the EGR test is not a suitable index of riboflavin status in subjects whose G-6-PD activity is less than 9 IU/g Hb when measured by the WHO-37 degrees assay. PMID- 7319721 TI - Semi-automated fluorometric determination of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (vitamin B6) in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB - A sensitive and reliable method for the determination of vitamin B6 as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in whole blood is described. After acid extraction of PLP, a fully automated high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system is used to separate PLP from interfering compounds. PLP is detected fluorometrically as its semicarbazone. By calculating the concentration of PLP on-line with the aid of a computer, it is possible to run one hundred and twenty-five samples within forty eight hours in routine analysis. The within-assay and the between-assay coefficients of variation of the analysis of PLP in whole blood were 3.3 and 4.7% respectively. The between-assay analytical recovery of PLP added to whole blood was 100.0 +/- 7.1% (mean +/- SD). Reference values of PLP in human blood were found in the range 55-110 nmol/l. PMID- 7319719 TI - Blood thiamine and blood folate levels. A comparative study in control, alcoholic and folate-deficient subjects. AB - A group of 85 patients underwent serum, red blood cell (RBC) folate and whole blood thiamine determinations. The group was divided into three subgroups: 1) a control group (41 patients who had no neurological or mental disorders which could be attributable to a vitamin deficiency); 2) a subgroup of folate-deficient patients (29 Ss) who had folate-responsive neuropsychiatric symptoms and 3) 15 alcoholic patients. There was no significant correlation between blood thiamine levels on one hand and serum and RBC folate on the other in the entire group. Alcoholic patients showed significant lower whole blood thiamine levels (p less than .001) and lower RBC folate (p less than .025) as compared with controls. We conclude that in the great majority of folate-deficient patients there is no correlation between folate and thiamine blood levels. PMID- 7319722 TI - [Influence of the dietary level of vitamin B6 on the vitamin nutritional status of the lactating rat and the litter (author's transl)]. AB - Seven groups of female rats which had given birth to the litters of 8 youngs (or litters adjusted to 8 youngs) were fed diets containing respectively 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 mg/kg of vitamin B6. Fourteen days after littering, the vitamin B6 content was measured in female tissues (blood, liver, carcass) or in those of the youngs (liver, carcass). Besides, the vitamin B6 content in the stomach of the youngs was measured, 3, 7 and 14 days after birth. 1. When the dietary vitamin B6 content is less than or equal to 1 mg/kg the blood vitamin level in the mother remains very low. As the dietary level rises (beyond 1 mg/kg) the blood vitamin level markedly increases. However the liver and carcass vitamin contents in the mother do not show any baseline value only the carcass content reaches a top value. 2. The highest vitamin B6 content in the stomach of the youngs (milk) is already reached when the diets contains 4 mg/kg of the vitamin. 3. Same results are obtained regarding the vitamin contents of the liver and carcass in the youngs. Therefore it appears that these levels are mainly related to the milk vitamin B6 content in the mother. In a previous work however, it was shown that in similar experimental conditions, the maximum tissue thiamin contents depend upon other mechanisms. PMID- 7319723 TI - Biochemical evaluation of riboflavin and vitamin B6 status of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly in Central Kentucky. AB - A study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of riboflavin and vitamin B6 of the elderly in Central Kentucky. Elderly subjects aged 60 to 95, including 42 men and 77 women, were randomly selected: 41 from six nursing homes and 78 from private residences. Blood and urine samples were collected for analysis. Riboflavin and vitamin B6 status were assessed by using glutathione reductase activation coefficient and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activation coefficient, respectively. Glutathione reductase activation coefficients ranged from 0.88 to 1.89 with a mean +/- SD of 1.23 +/- 0.22, and were not significantly correlated with the urinary excretion of riboflavin. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activation coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 1.50 with a mean +/- SD of 1.16 +/- 0.14, and were negatively correlated with urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid. Riboflavin deficiency was found in 34.2 percent of the institutionalized and 27.7 percent of the non-institutionalized subjects, while vitamin B6 deficiency was found in 56.6 percent of the institutionalized and 43.5 percent of the non institutionalized subjects studied. The institutionalized elderly showed significantly poorer riboflavin status (P less than 0.01) and vitamin B6 status (P less than 0.05) than the non-institutionalized elderly. Aging was associated with a significant decline in both riboflavin (P less than 0.01) and vitamin B6 status (P less than 0.05). PMID- 7319724 TI - Anorectic drugs and vitamin C: role in appetite and brain ascorbic acid in guineapigs. AB - The role of daily administration of anorectic drugs (fenfluramine, mazindol and diethylpropion) with or without Vitamin C supplement, in the appetite and brain ascorbic acid, had been investigated in guineapigs receiving a daily Vitamin C deficient diet for 24 days. Food intake was reduced by diethylpropion in the scorbutic male and female guineapigs but to a smaller extent by fenfluramine or mazindol. Supplementary Vitamin C daily significantly inhibited the anorectic actions of these drugs. In relation to the brain ascorbic acid level in the scorbutic gunieapigs, the initial stable level of brain ascorbic acid was significantly reduced by fenfluramine in both sexes by day 24, (P less than 0.05). Both mazindol and diethylpropion did not cause such reductions in the initial brain ascorbic acid. The three anorectic drugs prevented the rise in brain ascorbic acid normally associated with supplementary Vitamin C. It appears that brain ascorbic acid level can make metabolic readjustment during anorexia caused by diethylpropion and mazindol but not that caused by fenfluramine in guineapigs. PMID- 7319726 TI - Levels of total ascorbic acid and histamine in the blood of women during the 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy. AB - Levels of total ascorbic acid and histamine in the peripheral venous blood of women during the third trimester of normal pregnancy have been estimated. The results suggest that ascorbic acid acts as a modulator to control the synthesis and/or release of histamine in the body. Low levels of ascorbic acid may be essential to stimulate the synthesis and/or release of histamine while in high concentrations it may function to inhibit the release and/or to enhance the breakdown of excessive quantities of histamine in the body. Substantial evidence is now available that histamine, perhaps its nascent variety, is essential for growth and repair processes in the body. It is possible that ascorbic acid in low concentrations acts to stimulate this variety of histamine while its high concentrations act to control the levels of histamine released from storage sites which contain preformed histamine. PMID- 7319725 TI - Studies on the protective effects of L-ascorbic acid in chronic chlordane toxicity. AB - The influence of extraneous supplementation of L-ascorbic acid in chronic chlordane toxicity has been studied in rats. Oral administration of chlordane brings about a marked growth retardative effect, stimulates vitamin C synthesis in the system, elevates the vitamin C status of the liver and kidney tissues and also the urinary excretion. It inhibits the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, SDH and Mg2+-ATPase of both hepatic and renal tissues. The activities of serum and mitochondrial GOT, serum alkaline phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase of both hepatic and renal tissues are markedly stimulated. The normal histological patterns of both liver and kidney tissues are grossly altered under chlordane toxicity condition. There occurs marked increase in the hepatic lipid composition. Supplementation of L-ascorbic acid in high doses to the chlordane treated rats can effectively counteract some of these alterations in respect of enzyme activities, morphological characteristics and of hepatic lipid composition. PMID- 7319727 TI - Vitamin C utilization status in chronic alcoholic patients after short-term intravenous therapy. AB - Blood (leukocytic) ascorbic acid (vitamin C) levels were estimated in 25 chronic alcoholics (M = 21; F = 4; Age: mean +/- S.D. = 46.28 +/- 8.78; range 28-61 years) on admission before starting any treatment and on the sixth day following intravenous therapy with vitamin C -- 500 mg daily for 5 days. Twenty-four out of 25 patients (96%) were found to be deficient in blood vitamin C (mean +/- S.D. = 68.44 +/- 28.13; range = 28-148; normal range for control population = 120-300 nmol/10(8) W.B.C.). The status of blood vitamin C was significantly improved after the replenishment therapy with I/V vitamin C 500 mg daily for 5 days (mean +/- S.D. = 108.32 +/- 34.98 nmol/10(8) W.B.C.: range = 54-282.5; t = 3.76; P = less than 0.001). Still the levels did not return to within the normal range in 16 patients out of 25 (64%). In view of the biochemical deficiency of vitamin C in chronic alcoholics, it is suggested that conventional detoxification therapy for ethanol withdrawal syndrome should include polyvitamins including ascorbic acid. It is further suggested that more prolonged replenishment therapy with vitamin C, preferably by intravenous route, may be needed to normalize its blood levels in some chronic alcoholic patients. PMID- 7319728 TI - [How large is the tocopherol accumulation capacity of organs? Long term trials with various high oral alpha-tocopherol doses administered to rats and guinea pigs]. AB - Accumulation of Tocopherol in Various Organs. 1. The influence of different doses of vitamin E on the absorption and accumulation of tocopherol in blood and various organs was studied in long time feeding experiments with male guinea pigs (Pirbright White W 58) and male Sprague Dawley rats. The experiment with guinea pigs lasted 32 weeks, that with rats 46 weeks. Three groups of 20 animals of each species were fed semisynthetic diets containing 0.003 g (Gr. I = control), 0.203 g (Gr. II) and 1.009 g (Gr. III) D, L-alpha-tocopherol acetate per 100 g diet. The ratio of tocopherol contents in the diets was 1:100:500. 2. The tocopherol excretion in the faeces increased significantly according to the vitamin E intake; the absorption rate of tocopherol behaves inversely proportional to the level of supply. 3. The tocopherol concentration in blood serum, liver, heart and adrenals of animals of the Groups II and III increased significantly in comparison with the control animals. The tocopherol accumulation in blood and the analysed organs depends on species and is organ specific: Organs of rats of the control group contain higher levels of alpha-tocopherol compared with those of the corresponding group of guinea pigs. According to the relative accumulation capacity of the organs for vitamin E (I:II:III) following sequences can be considered: Guinea pigs: adrenals and heart, liver, blood; rats: liver, heart, blood, adrenals. 4. The tocopherol accumulating organs are of limited capacity. The ratio of the tocopherol intake (1:100:500) could not be found in any of the analysed organs. PMID- 7319729 TI - Milk, cellular equilibrium and nutritional evolution. AB - In the diet of North American women, milk is by far the main source of Vitamin B2. The relationship of habitual dietary milk intake to riboflavin nutritional status in pregnancy is examined. The blood riboflavin values of 22 mothers, who by dietary history, took at least 1 glass of milk a day is compared with those of 12 with aversion. In the latter group, blood values of 8 mothers were suboptimum and 3 were deficient with angular stomatitis. In the former group, 2 were suboptimum and none were deficient. The blood riboflavin values of mothers and their prenates corresponded. Habitual diet poor in milk is a factor which may predispose North American women to Vitamin B2 deficiency in pregnancy. The concepts of cellular equilibrium and nutritional evolution are discussed. PMID- 7319731 TI - Aneurysms of the infrarenal abdominal aorta: principles and results of surgical treatment. AB - With the surgical treatment of closed abdominal aortic aneurysms, the patient can have long-term survival and the danger of rupture can be avoided. Surgical repair on asymptomatic closed aneurysms can be performed with a very low risk (a mortality rate of below 1%). The main prerequisite for such protective surgery is an early diagnosis, best done by a routine check-up of all elderly people suffering from arterial hypertension, peripheral occlusive disease or other signs of arteriosclerosis. Computerized tomography (CT) and the ultrasound technique have gained a predominant position in such protective screening programs. Through the standardization and simplification of the operative techniques, surgical repair has been made simpler, safer and shorter, and the operative risk for patients with intact aneurysms has been remarkably reduced. A ten-year retrospective evaluation of 162 operated patients demonstrates a reduction in operative mortality from 14.3% to 2.8% in the group of patients with nonruptured aneurysms in the last period (1975-1979). On the other hand, progress has been made much more limited in surgery for ruptured aneurysms (operative mortality only reduced from 61.1% to 52.3%). The repair of closed or ruptured aortic aneurysms should be mainly restricted to special units with a highly trained surgical team. This type of surgery should no longer be the subject of occasional intervention by general surgeons. PMID- 7319730 TI - Carotid artery surgery in patients over 70 years of age. AB - Between 1965 and 1979, 934 patients underwent 1,057 operations for extracranial carotid stenosis at this institute, and over a recent 30-month period 463 patients underwent 511 operations of this type. This number is equal to the total of operations performed during the years 1965-1976. The increase in the frequency of carotid artery surgery has been more marked in patients of over 70 years. The percentage of elderly patients has increased from 17.5% to 27% in the recent period. In the latter group of 511 operations, results were good in 93.17% of cases, while there was a mortality rate of 1.95% (1% of which were directly related to the surgery), in 1.95% the neurologic condition deteriorated and in 3.13% there was no change. In the first period the mortality rate for patients over 70 years of age was 7.69%. In the second it was 3.27% (1.63% of which were due to non-neurologic causes), 4.09% deteriorated, in 2.18% there was no change and good results were obtained in 90.46%. PMID- 7319732 TI - The value of profundoplasty for the revascularization of the lower extremities. AB - During a nine-year period, 201 profundoplasties were performed on 152 patients; of these, 83 were simple and the remaining 132 combined with other inflow or outflow by-pass procedures. Immediate postoperative results were satisfactory whereas late results of 63 simple profundoplasties carried a patency rate of 78% and a limb salvage of 70% was detected eight years postoperatively. Profundoplasty alone or in combination with proximal or distal angioplastic procedures is a very effective method for the revascularization of ischemic lower extremities. PMID- 7319733 TI - Iatrogenic vascular lesions. AB - On the basis of ten years' experience in vascular injuries, the authors report 46 cases of iatrogenic lesions. They were due both to diagnostic (catheterism, angiography, injection etc.) and therapeutic procedures. Vascular injuries may occur during any kind of surgical operation; diagnosis can sometimes be very difficult and reached late. It is probable that these lesions are more frequent than is generally believed because they are observed more frequently in highly specialized Departments of Surgery, and sometimes are not reported for medicolegal reasons. PMID- 7319734 TI - New frontiers in vascular surgery. AB - In the vast majority of patients presenting with Raynaud's Phenomenon (R.P.) in the hands the condition is bilateral and often symmetrical, whether primary without any arterial disease, or secondary to some digital or more proximal arterial occlusive condition. Unilateral involvement is relatively rare and is often a sinister condition, and its presence cause must be determined and, if possible, dealt with. In this paper those cases associated with thoracic outlet abnormality are discussed, and those following iatrogenic injuries of the brachial artery are mentioned briefly. PMID- 7319736 TI - Hydroxyproline and zinc excretion in patients with neoplastic breast disease. AB - Hydroxyproline and zinc excretion was evaluated in 87 patients with neoplastic breast disease; 40 of these had carcinoma, without radiological and scintigraphy demonstration of bone metastases. In the group of patients with breast cancer, the mean values of hydroxyproline and zinc excretion were found to be significantly higher than in the group with benign breast disease; only 12 of the patients with histologically detected breast cancer had hydroxyprolinuria levels which were higher than the upper limit of the values obtained in the control group. The authors, therefore, conclude that the patients in this group must be considered as being at greater risk. PMID- 7319737 TI - Terminal uremia and arteriovenous fistula patency. AB - One hundred and twenty-five arteriovenous fistulas for chronic hemodialysis are reviewed and their patency is related to the etiology of terminal uremia and other factors. A significant difference was found between the patency of fistulas of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and those of patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CPN). The average number of A-V fistulas in the CGN group was 1.30, while in those with CPN, 2.14 fistulas per patient necessitated construction. A pattern similar to that of the CGN group was observed in a third group of patients, who had an unclear diagnosis. The average number of fistulas was the same, and the mean survival 20 months in both groups, compared with the four months mean survival in the CPN group. Higher blood pressure levels were observed in the groups with a higher patency rate. The survival of patients with A-V fistulas appears to be related more directly to the etiology of the terminal uremia and care taken during hemodialysis than to the type of vascular connection. Anticoagulation and larger anastomoses are advisable in patients with increased risk of fistula deterioration. These patients should be included in the transplantation priority list. PMID- 7319735 TI - Clinical and immunological study of 150 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung. AB - An in-depth retrospective statistical analysis was performed on 150 consecutive cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung. One-hundred and twenty-eight patients (85%) underwent pulmonary resection; 15 (10%) had an explorative thoracotomy and 7 (5%) were considered inoperable. At the time of operation, 72 patients were classified as Stage I, 18 as Stage II and 50 as Stage III. Factors analyzed included age, sex, surgical treatment, staging, immunologic monitoring and survival. When compared with other histotypes of our series a statistically significant difference was found in the male: female ratio (p less than 0.05), surgical resectability (p less than 0.05), frequency of Stage I, and immunologic status evaluated by studies of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, lymphocyte blastogenesis, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), blocking serum factors and intrastromal peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration. There were no significant differences due to age, cigarette smoking, mediastinal lymph node involvement, except for small oat-cell carcinoma or previous pulmonary diseases. In all stages, the five-year survival rate was lower for patients affected with adenocarcinoma than for those affected with other histological types, except small oat-cell carcinoma. PMID- 7319739 TI - Menstrual regulation at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 7319738 TI - Cancer of the parotid gland. PMID- 7319743 TI - Volvulus of the splenic flexure: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 7319741 TI - Herpes simplex encephalitis and its neurosurgical implications: report of five cases. PMID- 7319740 TI - Late silent complications after treatment of uterine cancer. AB - Forty-one symptom-free women treated by operative and irradiation therapy for gynecological cancer 24-108 months previously were examined by small bowel barium meal, large bowel barium enema, intravenous urography and renography in order to determine whether there were any silent complications present after the therapy. It was possible to demonstrate intestinal or urologic damage by roentgenological examinations in 12 patients. Small bowel changes were found in five and large bowel changes in six patients, while eight had changes in urography and 18 in renography. Two intestinal and four urological changes were moderate or severe. These findings indicate that a careful follow-up programme regarding complications and recurrences is necessary. PMID- 7319744 TI - Large foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 7319742 TI - Perforated cholecystitis mimicking ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 7319745 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis mimicking infected renal cysts. PMID- 7319747 TI - Superficial solid and deep cystic independent Warthin's tumors of the parotid gland. PMID- 7319746 TI - Pelvic and umbilical endometriosis presenting with hemorrhagic pleural effusion: a case report. PMID- 7319748 TI - Effects of lithium on rat tail nerve conduction velocity. AB - Orthodromic and antidromic conduction velocities were measured in the tail nerve of rats given lithium throughout life. Lithium at nontoxic levels failed to influence nerve conduction velocities. Lithium at toxic levels (2 X 2.5 mmol/kg/day for 7 days) produced overt signs of lithium intoxication and reduced both orthodromic and antidromic nerve conduction velocities. The reductions in conduction velocities were related inversely to the level of lithium in serum and red blood cells. Conduction velocities returned to normal levels after cessation of the toxic lithium treatment. The findings show life-long administration of lithium at nontoxic levels to be without adverse effects on peripheral nerves in rats, while toxic lithium levels caused reversible impairment in conduction properties in peripheral nerves. PMID- 7319749 TI - Excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in depressed and geriatric patients and normal persons. AB - Measurement of urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) is being tested in a number of psychiatric problems, most notably affective disorders. These measurements have certain problems. First, the collection of 24 hour urine specimens continues to be somewhat difficult, and no suitable solution has been found for using collections that might be incomplete. Second, the range of excretion of MHPG is rather similar in normal persons, depressed patients, and geriatric patients. One can think of no situation in all of medicine where diagnostic or prognostic distinctions can be made on the basis of variations within the normal limits of a laboratory test. Third, the variability of MHPG excretion may be high in some patients, even over the short term, clouding the significance of mean values of repeated determinations. PMID- 7319750 TI - Follow-up study of 281 schizophrenic patients treated with high dosage fluphenazine decanoate. AB - 281 newly admitted female schizophrenic patients were treated with high dosage fluphenazine decanoate intramuscularly, starting with 250 mg per injection together with antiparkinsonian and antidepressant drugs. On a set day the 3 groups 'with neuroleptics' (NL) (n = 54), 'without NL' (n = 152) and 'relapsed when without NL' (n = 42) were compared concerning age, diagnosis, hereditary disposition, first admission and readmissions, number of admissions and global judgement. From the differences no clear conclusion for practical clinical work could be obtained. The good tolerance is discussed using the list of side effects including tardive dyskinesia and laboratory data. PMID- 7319751 TI - Thoraco-abdominal mass. PMID- 7319752 TI - A computed tomographic study of the dog lung during hemorrhagic shock and after resuscitation. AB - A shock model was used to explore the capability of computed tomography (CT) to detect changes in lung density during hypovolemia and after resuscitation. The same level of the lower thorax was scanned repeatedly during base-line, shock (aortic pressure 60 mmHg), and after resuscitation with shed blood. The average baseline CT number (+/- SEM) for 5 areas of interest for four prone dogs was -754 +/- 16 (air = -1000, water = 0). This decreased 7.4% to -810 +/- 15 (P less than .05) during shock. After resuscitation CT density was -773 +/- 17 or 2.5% less than baseline (P greater than .1). A dorsal to ventral gradient of increasing CT density during baseline was maintained in all five areas during shock and post resuscitation. From baseline to shock there were also significant changes in heart rate, mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, and vascular volume. Extravascular lung volume after resuscitation was equal to baseline volume. We conclude that CT is sufficiently sensitive to detect rapid physiological changes leading to increased or decreased lung density. PMID- 7319753 TI - Use of the computed tomographic whole body scanner to stage and follow patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. AB - Advanced ovarian carcinoma continues to be a difficult tumor to evaluate noninvasively. Recent developments in chemotherapy have enhanced response rates in this disease, thus improving the likelihood of tumor regression. Computed Tomography (CT) allows the noninvasive estimation of tumor extent in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Seventeen patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma had 22 whole body CT scans performed either just prior to or following laparotomy. For determination of tumor involvement, when the CT was positive, a high pathologic correlation was found at liver, ascitic, peritoneal, mesenteric, and omental sites (sensitivity). When the cT was negative, high pathologic correlation was found at ascitic and mesenteric sites (specificity). Lower and negative correlation at other disease sites is attributed to difficulty of CT detection of small (1 cm) tumor nodules on visceral surfaces. Eighteen patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were followed prospectively during treatment with repetitive CT scans. CT results were compared with physical examination, other radiologic studies, and clinical status. In 83% (15/18) of patients and 88% (59/67) of CT scans performed, CT was found to contribute useful management information. Clinical decisions were made on the basis of CT alone in 43% (29/67) of scans performed. These data suggest that CT scanning is very useful in the staging and follow-up of patients with ovarian carcinoma and can replace other radiologic procedures, but it is not completely accurate and needs to be correlated with physical examination and in cases without tumors visible with CT, with laparotomy. PMID- 7319754 TI - CT contrast enhancement of kidney V2 carcinoma after norepinephrine and acetylcholine injection. AB - CT attenuation values of kidney V2 carcinomas and normal kidneys in 15 rabbits were obtained before and after the simultaneous administration of an intravenous bolus infection of diatrizoate and an intraarterial bolus injection of norepinephrine or acetylcholine. After 6 micrograms norepinephrine, peak V2 density was 15 Hounsfield units (HU) less and renal cortex peak density 41 HU less than baseline, which resulted in a decrease in V2 contrast enhancement. After 20 micrograms acetylcholine, peak V2 density was 10 HU less and renal cortex peak density 13 HU less than baseline; the magnitude of contrast enhancement remained essentially unchanged. PMID- 7319755 TI - A coherent/Compton scattering method for measurement of trabecular bone mineral density in the distal radius. AB - A new technique was developed for determination of the trabecular bone mineral density in the distal radius. The method is based on measurement of the intensity ratio of coherently and Compton scattered photons using a 241Am radionuclide as the radiation source and a semiconductor crystal as the detector. The bone material consisted of 28 autopsy samples from distal radii of female subjects. A good correlation was observed between bone ash content and the coherent/Compton scattering ratio. The trabecular bone mineral density correlated well with the mineral density values obtained by the gamma transmission method. The method was reproducible within 3%. PMID- 7319756 TI - Experimental transcatheter intraarterial infusion-occlusion chemotherapy. AB - Dogs were used to develop transcatheter vascular techniques to improve local tissue accumulation of a radiolabeled chemotherapeutic agent. A double lumen balloon catheter was used for short term (10 minute) intraarterial infusions of 14C labeled Fluorouracil (5-FU) during temporary vascular occlusion with the balloon. Local tissue (hind limb musculature) as well as venous blood concentrations of 5-FU draining the area of infusion were compared to those obtained following intraarterial infusion alone or following intravenous administration of the drug. Combining intraarterial infusion with temporary vascular occlusion increased (7 to 9 times) the local tissue concentration of the 5-FU when compared to intraarterial infusion alone. The local tissue levels of the drug during intraarterial infusion and temporary vascular occlusion were 30 to 50 times greater than those obtained by intravenous administration. Levels of 5-FU were also significantly higher in the venous blood draining the infusion area when the combined intraarterial infusion-occlusion technique was employed. PMID- 7319757 TI - Transcatheter embolization with Gelfoam and Avitene: the effect of Sotradecol on the duration of arterial occlusion. AB - Selective catheterization and embolization of both profunda femoris arteries were performed on eight mongrel dogs. In four dogs, Gelfoam alone (one side), and Gelfoam soaked in Sotradecol (contralateral side) was the embolic agent. In the other four dogs, Avitene in saline (one side), and Avitene suspended in Sotradecol (contralateral side) was the embolic agent. Ateriography followed by sacrifice and histologic examination were performed at two weeks (two dogs in each group) and two months (two dogs in each group) following embolization. In all dogs, histology confirmed the arteriographic appearance. In Gelfoam-embolized dogs, arteries embolized with Gelfoam alone were recanalized by two weeks; arteries embolized with Gelfoam/Sotradecol remained occluded at two months. In Avitene-embolized dogs, arteries embolized with Avitene in saline were moderately recanalized by two weeks and totally recanalized by two months; arteries embolized with Avitene/Sotradecol remained occluded at two months. Inflammatory changes were present in the walls of arteries embolized with Sotradecol. Sotradecol greatly increases the duration of arterial occlusion in Gelfoam and Avitene-embolized arteries. PMID- 7319758 TI - Pain and aortofemoral arteriography: the importance of chemical structure and osmolality of contrast agents. AB - A total of 216 aortofemoral angiograms were performed on 72 patients being triple injected with different contrast media. The characteristics of the contrast media being studied with relation to injection pain included the anionic component, the cationic component, and osmolality. A double-blind study was carried out with neither the examiner nor the patient being aware of the specific contrast medium being injected. The patients were then questioned as to which contrast agent was most painful. There was a significantly lower incidence of severe injection pain with pure meglumines and contrast media with low osmolality. Variation of the anionic component did not improve injection pain. PMID- 7319760 TI - Diatrizoate contrast agents: 2-amino-5-acetamido-, and 3,5-diamino-2,4,6 triiodobenzoates. AB - We have examined the metabolic behavior of several triiodobenzoic acid derivatives because of the observed mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of 3-amino-5 acetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate (I) and 3,5-diamino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate (II). Measurements were facilitated using iodine-131 (131I)-labeled compounds. Drug retention in rabbits was monitored with a gamma camera. Metabolic products were studied by column and thin-layer chromatography. 3,5-Diacetamido-2,4,6 triiodobenzoate (diatrizoate) was partially deacetylated by liver microsomes to I and II. II was transformed in part to another substance whose structure remains undetermined. About 1% of nominal doses of I, II, and diatrizoate were retained for several days following intracardiac injection in rabbits. The rabbit did not appreciably acetylate I to diatrizoate and converted some of II to a urinary metabolite which was similar to that formed by liver microsomes. I was present in human urine following excretory urography with diatrizoate, but II was not detected. Manufacturers of diatrizoate should further reduce the level of free aromatic amines in preparations of diatrizoate. A method of doing so is reported. PMID- 7319761 TI - Physical principles governing the interrelationships of pressure, flow and volume in collapsible tubes. AB - Basic principles of fluid mechanics may be used to analyze the relationships of flow, pressure and cross-sectional area of any collapsible tube, including pulmonary blood vessels. The cross-sectional area of a collapsible tube is a direct function of transmural pressure. Alterations in pressure inside the tube may result from changes in fluid velocity, downstream constriction in the tube, or direct increase in internal pressure, as with a manometer. This paper reviews the basic equations applicable to flow in collapsible tubes and illustrates the principles of such flow with a physical model. Depending upon the circumstances, changes in size of the tube may or may not reflect changes in flow or changes in fluid velocity. PMID- 7319759 TI - Development and preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of a zwitterionic oral cholecystographic agent. AB - A new zwitterionic iodinated molecule, 2-[3-(N-ethyl-2-hydroxyethyl) amino acetamido-2, 4, 6-triiodobenzyl]-butyric acid (RCK-136) was synthesized, and its potential as an oral cholecystopaque was tested. In rats, 15 minutes following intravenous injection, RCK-136 reached maximum biliary concentration; 84% of the dose was excreted into bile. Biliary excretion of RCK-136 elicited a strong choleresis (44 ml of bile flow per mmol compound). Intravenous LD50 in rats averaged 390 mgI/kg. ED50 in rats, intradiencephalic, averaged 1.98 mgI/kg. The average densities of cholecystograms produced in three dogs with iosumetic acid and/or RCK-136 were comparable. PMID- 7319762 TI - Unsharp masking in chest radiography. PMID- 7319764 TI - Acute Wernickes encephalopathy precipitated by glucose loading. PMID- 7319763 TI - The subclavian veins as access in haemodialysis. PMID- 7319766 TI - Progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome). PMID- 7319765 TI - A competitive protein binding assay for 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D in blood. PMID- 7319767 TI - Tetany following aminoglycoside therapy. PMID- 7319769 TI - IMA Maternal Mortality Committee Report 1980. PMID- 7319768 TI - Atheroembolic arteritis. PMID- 7319770 TI - A retrospective study of Cotrel dynamic spinal traction in the conservative management of scoliosis. PMID- 7319771 TI - Chronic liver disease in intravenous drug abusers attending the drug advisory and treatment centre. PMID- 7319772 TI - Diagnosis of internal derangements of the knee. PMID- 7319774 TI - Complications of subclavian vein cannulation. PMID- 7319773 TI - Focal sclerosing glomerulopathy-a review of 13 cases. PMID- 7319775 TI - Relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 7319777 TI - Geriatric aspects of the 1979 census. PMID- 7319776 TI - Cervical spine injuries in rugby football. PMID- 7319778 TI - Perinatal and infant mortality in Ireland and selected countries: present levels and secular trends. PMID- 7319779 TI - Perinatal and infant mortality in Ireland and selected countries: variations in underlying factors. PMID- 7319780 TI - Nephrocalcinosis occurring with the nephrotic syndrome in infancy. PMID- 7319782 TI - Ethanol intoxication of the newborn: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 7319781 TI - An epidemic oc gentamicin/cloxacillin resistant staphylococcal infection in a neonatal unit. PMID- 7319783 TI - Ventricular septal defect in Ireland. PMID- 7319784 TI - An unusual cause for bleeding in Ireland: factor XI deficiency. PMID- 7319785 TI - The natural history of the retained dead fetus. PMID- 7319786 TI - Lipoprotein profiles in a heterogeneous group of patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Lipoprotein composition was determined by ultracentrifugation in 13 unselected hospitalized patients with nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria 6.2 +/- 0.5 g/24 h) and compared with that of 13 healthy subjects. Plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were 407 +/- 45 (mean +/- SE) and 285 +/- 35 mg/dl in the patients vs. 195 +/- 11 and 108 +/- 12 mg/dl in the control group. Type IIb was the only hyperlipoproteinemia pattern in 10 patients (77%). The protein component of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was the only slightly elevated, but cholesterol and TG were markedly increased in relation to protein. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) were considerably elevated, and their cholesterol and TG components rose in relation to protein. Of interest was a small but distinct rise in high density lipoproteins (HDL), which was not observed by other investigators studying patients mostly with higher proteinuria and VLDL elevations. The mean HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio, and apparent atherogenic index, was not significantly reduced. Both plasma cholesterol and TG were inversely related to plasma albumin. Plasma cholesterol and even HDL cholesterol were positively related to proteinuria. The finding that in nephrosis with moderate proteinuria all lipoproteins are elevated and enriched in their lipid content, and that HDL rise along with VLDL--contrary to their reciprocal behavior in other lipoproteinemias- indicates that the elevation was due to a universal increase in lipoprotein synthesis. With regard to atherogenicity of nephrosis, no salient, general lipoprotein-related change was discerned. An individual appraisal of lipoprotein composition, including the extent of urinary HDL loss, is suggested. PMID- 7319787 TI - Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in newborn infants with respiratory problems. AB - The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has not often been described in newborn infants. Of 61 infants with respiratory problems who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit over a six-month period from July 1978, three had SIADH, diagnosed on the basis of hyponatremia, weight gain and the excretion of highly concentrated urine. In one infant the onset of marked hyponatremia was very rapid and resulted in deep coma. The occurrence of this syndrome in 5% of infants under intensive care for neonatal respiratory problems makes it essential to monitor these infants closely for deviations in fluid and electrolyte balance. PMID- 7319788 TI - Enhanced renal clearance of uric acid in hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Serum and urinary acid were measured in 10 patients with chronic hepatitis, in 22 patients with hepatic cirrhosis, and in 11 control subjects. Significant differences were found in urinary acid excretion, uric acid clearance, and uric acid:creatinine clearance ratio between patients with hepatic cirrhosis and control subjects. Two patients with hepatic cirrhosis were found to have hypouricemia. They showed a two- to threefold increase in uric acid clearance and in the uric acid:creatinine clearance ratio compared with control subjects, but their 24-h uric acid excretion was normal. In patients with hepatic cirrhosis, a significant negative correlation was found between plasma testosterone level and either uric acid clearance or uric acid:creatinine clearance ratio. These results indicate that uric acid clearance may be increased in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and that hypouricemia may result from a change in renal handling of uric acid. Moreover, changes in plasma testosterone levels may play an important part in affecting the renal handling of uric acid in these patients. PMID- 7319789 TI - Diagnostic characteristics of patients referred to a secondary care military medical facility of the Israel Defense Forces. AB - A consistently high annual referral rate of over 20% from primary care clinics to secondary (specialist) care clinics in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) prompted a study of 2,225 such referrals at the major IDF secondary care facility during 1978. This report details the diagnostic information obtained concerning the 1,329 (59.7%) medical referrals (i.e., excluding technical and administrative referrals). Fewer than one-quarter of the diagnoses from the list developed for the study (68 out of 275) accounted for more than two-thirds (906) of the 1,329 referrals studied. The implications of the impression that many of the diagnoses were simple and straightforward in nature are discussed. Further data concerning the type of investigation for each referral and the follow-up pattern are also presented. For only 351 (26.4%) of the 1,329 cases were any additional laboratory tests or other auxiliary investigations ordered: three procedures alone, simple radiology, electrocardiography, and audiometry, accounted for all such tests in 229 (62.5%) of these 351 cases. Of 979 new medical referrals 602 (73.5%) were discharged after their initial visit without need for follow-up. The possible significance of the diagnostic findings in relation to the referral rates and to the training of IDF medical officers is indicated, and the importance of additional studies, especially at the IDF primary care clinic itself, is stressed. PMID- 7319790 TI - Regional ejection fraction of the normal left ventricle. AB - Regional ventricular function is important in assessing the functional significance of muscle fibrosis and ischemia in coronary artery disease. We have investigated three different methods of computerized quantification of the regional left ventricular function in 20 normal subjects. Method 1 divided the left ventricle into eight rectangular regions and corrected for rotatory and translational movement of the heart during systole. Method 2 was similar to Method 1, but corrected for shortening of the long axis of the left ventricle. Method 3 assumed radial inward contraction using a polar system of coordinates after correcting for rotatory and translational movement. The values obtained for the regional ejection fraction and regional volumes were calculated and compared for each region. PMID- 7319792 TI - A population screening test for antibody to measles virus. AB - In areas where sporadic cases of measles continue to occur in spite of vaccination programs, the availability of a simple screening test for determination of seropositivity to measles virus is desirable. A sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) screening test (ST) for the detection of IgG antibody to measles virus, based on a solid phase RIA, is described. The assays were performed on polyvinyl microtiter plates for which the RIAST requires only 5 microliters of serum per subject. Antigen consisted of a sonicated extract of measles virus-infected Vero cells. Rabbit antihuman IgG specific for the Fc segment of human IgG, labeled with 125I, was used to detect human IgG bound to viral antigen. The basic RIA method was characterized by carrying out full titrations of sera of 53 healthy adults, 10 children, and 13 patients with measles-associated illness. These sera were also tested by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) technique; most of the measles sera were also tested by complement fixation (CF). RIAST results (expressed as binding ratios) obtained for 52 healthy adults are compared with their RIA serum titers. Of the 200 sera of patients of various ages tested by the RIAST, 63 borderline sera were also tested by HI. The RIAST, which does not require serum treatment other than inactivation, proved to be more sensitive as an indicator of seropositivity than HI. Implications of the results and practical applications of the screening test are discussed. PMID- 7319791 TI - Carcinoembryonic-like substance in breast fluid discharge in benign and malignant breast disease and in milk of lactating women. AB - In a search for a simple noninvasive test for early detection of breast cancer, radioimmunoassay was used to determine carcinoembryonic (CEA) levels in the serum and breast fluid of 26 women presenting with spontaneous breast discharge, and in the serum and milk of 34 postpartum lactating women. In 54 milk samples from 34 healthy nursing mothers, the mean CEA level was 62.6 +/- 49.2 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) (range 5 to 252 ng/ml). The highest levels were found during the first days after delivery. Serum CEA levels measured in 18 of the 34 mothers were negative in 12 cases and normal (10 +/- 5.3 ng/ml) in six. No correlation was found between CEA levels in milk and those in serum. In the women with spontaneous breast fluid discharge, CEA levels in the breast fluid measured less than 300 ng/ml in 10 cases, 300 to 1,000 ng/ml in 9 cases and greater than 1,000 ng/ml in 7 cases. None of the 19 women with CEA values below 1,000 ng/ml had a malignancy. Four of the seven women with the highest CEA levels were found to have breast cancer. Serum CEA levels were within the normal range in both the malignant and nonmalignant cases. We conclude that CEA levels are markedly elevated in breast fluid discharges in nonlactating women, and that the highest levels may be associated with malignancy. PMID- 7319794 TI - Dopamine in the early recovery phase of acute ischemic renal failure in rats. PMID- 7319795 TI - Fetal monitoring in labor by radiotelemetry. PMID- 7319793 TI - Immunological features of preeclampsia: increased frequency of antilymphocyte antibodies, but not of immune complexes. AB - Using two methods for detecting circulating immune complexes (CIC)--inhibition of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and solid-phase C1q assay--we were unable to demonstrate CIC in sera from preeclamptic patients and from healthy pregnant women. Antilymphocyte antibodies were found much more frequently in multiparous women suffering from preeclampsia-like disease than in healthy multiparous pregnant control patients. They were not detected in primigravida uncomplicated or preeclamptic pregnancies. It is suggested, therefore, that preeclampsia may have a different etiology in the multiparous woman than in the primigravida. PMID- 7319797 TI - A simple technique for demonstrating joint cartilage and synovium of mice. PMID- 7319796 TI - Convulsions following a black scorpion (Buthus judaicus) sting. PMID- 7319798 TI - Mitral valve prolapse in osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 7319799 TI - Depression, parkinsonism, and psychosis: a case report. PMID- 7319800 TI - Management of persistent fetal circulation in a neonate. PMID- 7319801 TI - Program evaluation: resource for decision making. AB - Formal program evaluation is an important resource for health care decision making. It is necessary in situations where traditional organizational evaluative capabilities an no longer meet the requirements of the job at hand. PMID- 7319803 TI - Nursing unification in principal teaching hospitals. PMID- 7319802 TI - An agenda for health services research in primary care. AB - The federal government has assisted universities with the development of interdisciplinary research centers that focus on health care delivery problems. The North Carolina center has sponsored and conducted a variety of studies on dozens of health issues. PMID- 7319804 TI - HCMR interview: Wynn Presson. Interview by Barbara McCool. PMID- 7319805 TI - Contract management of health care facilities: structural models. AB - Increasing numbers of hospitals and other health care facilities are evaluating various forms of contract management. Three models of health care facility contract management are the operating division, the wholly owned subsidiary and the shared or joint management models. PMID- 7319806 TI - The adoption of looser, locally administered forms of MBO. AB - A formal, highly structured MBO system implemented to serve administrators' needs will not work in a hospital setting. Only an informal MBO system that emphasizes the participation as well as the autonomy of individual departments will be effective. PMID- 7319807 TI - Health care regulation and the economics of federal health care policies. AB - To have a positive impact on the health care system in the 1980s, the federal government must undertake fundamental reform and quit relying on inadequate cost containment regulation while simultaneously supporting policies and programs that are inflationary. PMID- 7319809 TI - Diagnostic services utilization review at a university medical center. AB - The rational provision of diagnostic services is important in maintaining health care quality and controlling costs. Establishing a successful diagnostic services utilization review committee requires substantial commitment from the hospital and the medical staff. PMID- 7319808 TI - A report from a community health care planner. AB - Community health care planning must take into account a variety of pre-existing and sometimes very powerful interests--such as those of hospital administrators, physicians and patients--which may be in conflict. Not only that, the planning process itself is one that can engender strong feelings and create new problems. PMID- 7319810 TI - Trends and forecasts of hospital discharges for selected diseases in regional hospital markets. AB - Forecasts based on historical trend analyses can do much to minimize the uncertainty inherent in quantifying the number and type of hospital admissions likely to occur in regional and local markets. A study was undertaken to ascertain whether relationships for admissions and discharges for musculoskeletal disorders apply to other disease entities. PMID- 7319812 TI - Viewpoint--Before impairment: physician stress and the organization's responsibility. AB - After the success of surviving medical school, the new physician faces increased stress as he or she begins to practice. The health care community needs early intervention when stress becomes a problem for physicians and other health care professionals. PMID- 7319811 TI - The competitive approach to health care reform: implications for hospital management. AB - A successful competitive approach to health care reform based on the development of prepaid health care plans could affect hospital management. From hospital management's point of view, affiliations with health care plans have advantages and disadvantages. Since hospitals cannot remain unaffected by health care plan development in their market areas, they must choose their affiliations to be consistent with their own institutional objectives. PMID- 7319813 TI - HCMR interview: Harvey E. Pies. Interview by Montague Brown. PMID- 7319814 TI - [Development of erythema in thermographic images]. AB - The intensity of erythema does not show a linear correlation with convective and conductive heat transport. In erythema induced by various means such as dermographism, the application of nicotinic acid benzylester, UV-B-irradiation, or dithranol, the mediators follow the direction of blood and lymph defluxion. As a result heat reflection occurs not only from the erythemic region, but also from the surrounding unaffected skin area. Venous blood vessel texture is increased within areas of blood defluxion. Erythemous flushing after alcohol uptake is characterized by an increase in skin temperature. This increase in temperature occurs prior to the appearance of erythema compared to exogenous skin irritation which first shows erythema and later on an increased temperature. An even further increment can be measured in the flushed area. An increase in acral temperature (hands, feet, nose) is an indication of the systemic effect of the resorbed alcohol. PMID- 7319815 TI - [Correlation between exfoliatio linguae areata and atopy]. AB - One hundred thirty-two atopic patients have been investigated for coincidental tongue lesions. There was a significantly increased frequency of exfoliatio linguae areata (35.7%) amongst the patients when compared to a control group. These results let suggest that exfoliatio linguae areata is a possible manifestation of atopy. Psychosomatic factors which probably contribute to both exfoliatio linguae areata and atopy are suggested to explain the high incidence of this anomaly of the tongue in atopics. PMID- 7319816 TI - [Chronic ulceration following biopsy of the temporal arteria]. AB - In a 66-year-old man a biopsy of the right temporal artery was taken. Histological examination showed no signs of arteriitis. A few months after the operation the patient developed a chronic ulceration in the right temporal region, probably due to resection of the temporal artery. It is proposed that a biopsy should only include a minor branch, and not the main trunk of the temporal artery. PMID- 7319817 TI - [Circumscribed reticular telangiectatic erythema following implantation of a heart pacemaker]. AB - This is a short report of an erythema arising suddenly after implantation of a cardiac pacemaker on the right side of the thorax. The patient, the results of examination and histology, the thermophysiologic reactions are described and the diagnosis of cutaneous passive hyperemia offered, caused by the position of the pacemaker in connection with the multiple regional operation scars. PMID- 7319818 TI - [Ixodes ricinus under the scanning electron microscope]. AB - The tick Ixodes ricinus was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The morphology of the mouth parts explains the well known tight attachment of the head of the tick in the skin. Diseases following tick bites and the possibilities of removing the ticks are discussed. PMID- 7319819 TI - Internal emitter research and standard setting. PMID- 7319820 TI - Experience with a sustained policy of radiation exposure control and research in a medical center. PMID- 7319821 TI - A modified power function model for the estimation of internal exposure due to radionuclides. PMID- 7319822 TI - Air-ground interface effect on gamma-ray submersion dose. PMID- 7319824 TI - Difficulties of calculating spectrum-averaged values of a neutron dose equivalent. PMID- 7319823 TI - Proposals on use of the BEIR-III report in environmental assessments. PMID- 7319825 TI - The gastrointestinal absorption of plutonium in the hamster after ingestion at low concentrations in drinking water. PMID- 7319826 TI - Evidence for increased proteolysis in intact beta thalassemia erythroid cells. AB - Much excess alpha chain is synthesized, but little accumulates in the erythroid cells of patients with homozygous beta thalassemia. To determine if the proteases known to exist in erythroid cells play a role in the destruction or alteration of any of this excess alpha chain, thalassemic and nonthalassemic erythroid cells were incubated for 90 minutes with 3H-leucine. The cells were then washed, and incubated twice for 15 minutes in 100 volumes of cold leucine-rich media, a procedure which eliminates almost all intracellular TCA soluble radioactivity. After these incubations levels of TCA soluble and TCA precipitable radioactivity in the cell lysates were determined, and the cells incubated for 120 minutes more in two volumes of leucine-rich media. At the end of this incubation, total TCA soluble and precipitable radioactivity was again determined in the cell lysate, and also in the two hour incubation media. The total increase in TCA soluble radioactivity in the cells and their media was divided by the 0 time TCA precipitable radioactivity, to determine the percent proteolysis labelled globin chains. In five control patients percent proteolysis ranged from 0 to 3.10 (mean = 1.50); in four severe and three mild thalassemia patients percent proteolysis ranged from 5.80 to 14.1 (mean = 11.0). The difference between the control and thalassemic groups was significant at a p of less than 0.001. This data is the first direct evidence that more proteolysis takes place in intact thalassemic cells than in non-thalassemic cells. PMID- 7319827 TI - Hemoglobin autoxidation under high oxygen pressure - effect of inositol hexaphosphate. AB - Hemoglobin A in 0.05 M bis-tris buffer was autoxidized under various oxygen pressures from 0.21 (oxygen pressure in air) to 8 atmospheres at pHs 6.5 and 8.5. All experiments were carried out without and with 5 molar excess of inositol hexaphosphate/heme at 37 degrees C. It is shown that increasing the oxygen pressure from 0.21 to 1 atmosphere decreases the autoxidation rate to about 80% whereas increasing the oxygen pressure further to 8 atmospheres has a reverse effect. This phenomenon is observed at both acid and alkaline pHs, although it is less marked at the latter pH. The stimulating effect of inositol hexaphosphate on the autoxidation is abolished at high oxygen pressure. It is suggested that moderate elevation of the oxygen pressure above the atmospheric pressure stabilizes further the hemoglobin R conformation which decreases the autoxidation rate. At very high oxygen pressure, the oxidizing potential of oxygen oxidizes the oxyhemoglobin directly in the R conformation. The maximal shift of hemoglobin T in equilibrium with R conformational equilibrium towards R conformation interferes with the binding of inositol hexaphosphate and hence abolishes its effect. PMID- 7319828 TI - Hemoglobin G Waimanalo [alpha 64 (E13) Asp replaced by Asn] in a Japanese. Hematologic, functional and synthesis studies. PMID- 7319829 TI - Hb Ube-2 (alpha 68[e-17]Asn replaced by Asp): the second instance in Japan. PMID- 7319830 TI - Hb Chiapas alpha 2 114 Pro replaced by Arg beta 2: identification by high pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 7319832 TI - Hemoglobin A2 in iron deficient beta-thalassemia heterozygotes. PMID- 7319833 TI - Hematological and biosynthetic features of beta 0-thalassemia with an associated alpha-thalassemia heterozygosity in Sardinia. PMID- 7319831 TI - Occurrence of hemoglobin D Los Angeles in Brahmins of Andhra Pradesh, South India. PMID- 7319834 TI - C-band polymorphism in a Japanese lung fluke Paragonimus ohirai (Trematoda; Platyhelminthes). PMID- 7319835 TI - Intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured human cancer cells. AB - The effect of saponin treatment in demonstrating intracellular portion of alkaline phosphatase activity in human cancer cell lines was evaluated. Previous reports using standard lead-salt techniques visualized enzyme almost exclusively on the plasma membrane and sometimes in the lysosomes. However, by treating cells with saponin before or during the cytochemical incubation, intracellular alkaline phosphatase became demonstrable at the endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus, Golgi-derived vesicles and mitochondria as well as lysosomes and plasma membrane. These intracellular catalytic activities were significantly inhibited by the specific amino acid inhibitors characteristic for each cell line, and this suggested that intracellular alkaline phosphatase is the same isoenzyme as that present in the plasma membrane. The results of our current and previous studies therefore indicate that saponin reveals latent intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity by changing the membrane's physical state; thereby increasing the availability of both catalytic and antigenic sites of the enzyme to substrate and to antibody respectively. PMID- 7319836 TI - Evaluation of colour transparency films for photomicrography of fluorescent structures. PMID- 7319837 TI - [The histochemistry of human endosalpingeal ciliated cells (author's transl)]. AB - The human endosalpingeal ciliated cells are not a homogeneous cell population. They can be distinguished into mitochondria prominent and normal cells. The morphological appearance of ciliated cells was studied in organ culture using different hormones and hormone combinations in the culture media. Histological (HE, semithin sections) and histochemical methods (PAS, Alcian Blue, SDH, LDH, ATPase, 5'-Nucleotidase, acid and alkaline Phosphatase) were applied. Those mitochondria prominent ciliated cells which are seen in the native endosalpinx can in vitro also be determined mainly under the influence of steroid hormones (hydrocortisone and progesterone). In hormone free incubation media the apices of ciliated cells are separated. This will happen in hormone containing media, too, but with delay, however. Some results are in agreement with the possible transformation from ciliated cells to secretory cells. PMID- 7319838 TI - Histochemical studies on the postnatal development of autonomic nerves in mice cerebral arteries. AB - Postnatal development of autonomic nerves of major cerebral arteries was histochemically studied in mice from one day to five months of age. For demonstration of aminergic nerves the glyoxylic acid method was used, while for cholinergic nerves Karnovsky and Roots' technique was utilized consecutively on the same whole mount preparations. The results obtained were as follows: 1) In one-day-old mice a few aminergic nerves were seen while cholinergic nerves were scarcely observed. The cholinergic nerves were clearly observed in one-week-old mice. Then, both nerves increased rapidly in the first 2 weeks with a slight delay of maturation in the latter. They completed development between 3 and 4 weeks. 2) Longitudinal and circular distributional patterns were observed for the both nerves; the former pattern developed earlier than the latter. PMID- 7319839 TI - Freeze-fracture images on filipin-sterol complexes in the thyroid follicle epithelial cell of mice with special regard to absence of cholesterol at the site of micropinocytosis. AB - In order to clarify the distribution of cholesterol in the plasma- and cyto membranes of the thyroid follicle cell, freeze-fracture images of the filipin treated tissues of normal and TSH-treated mice were observed. The filipin-sterol complexes, 25 to 30 nm protuberances or pits are distributed densely and almost homogeneously on the fractured plasma membrane, though the small depressions showing aggregates of intramembrane particles lack the complexes. Each depression corresponds to the coated pit, which might be an initial site for micropinocytosis of the luminal colloid. The limiting membranes of all the large colloid droplets reabsorbed are generally very rich in the complexes, but some small regions on the limiting membrane of the droplet are less in their density. The membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, of the nucleus and of the Golgi apparatus are almost free from the complexes, though small clusters consisting of 2-5 complexes are rarely scattered. In thin sections, the membranes which are rich in the filipin-sterol complexes become obscure in their fine structure after treatment with filipin for 12-24 h. PMID- 7319840 TI - [A. palatina ascendens, origin, course and twigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319842 TI - [Radium contact therapy of vocal cord carcinomas: is it still indicated today? (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319841 TI - [Otolaryngological and pediatric follow-up of 169 adenotonsillectomies (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319843 TI - [Psychotropic drugs in non-psychiatric practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319844 TI - [Diagnostic measures in tinnitus aurium (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319845 TI - [Psychogenic hearing disorder. Evidence of the importance of cooperation between the physician and the pedagogue]. PMID- 7319846 TI - [Transnasal, endoscopical surgery for chronic sinusitis. III. Endonasal ethmoidectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Transnasal total ethmoidectomy appears to be the surgical treatment of choice for cases of severe polyposis of the ethmoid. A thorough knowledge of the surgical anatomy, special instruments, including a new suction-irrigation-endoscope, and basic concept of flanking surgical measures are prerequisite. On the basis of the experience with 372 interventions, the own technique and results are reported. In a consecutive series of 84 patients, controlled over more than one year postoperatively, a success rate of 83 percent was achieved. The low incidence of complications, and the minimal postoperative discomfort of the patients are emphasized. The method also offers changes for the effective treatment of sinu bronchitis and bronchial asthma. PMID- 7319847 TI - [Elimination of major salivary glands by temporary medicamentous occlusion of the excretory ducts (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of chronic recurrent inflammation of major salivary glands means reduction or elimination of parenchyma. Several operative and non-operative procedures have been described for this purpose. A new method is the instillation of an amino-acid solution which is hardening in the excretory ducts. Histological findings in experiments on animals show an atrophy of parenchyma while the filling mass is completely removed. Some patients were treated successfully by this method up to now. PMID- 7319848 TI - [Problems in the therapeutic management of oropharyngeal carcinomas: the partial mandibulectomy (author's transl)]. AB - In the treatment of advanced oropharyngeal carcinomas a partial mandibulectomy should be performed even if the bone itself is not seized with the tumor. This measure is not only efficient in view of radical surgery, but it also guarantees (1) defect closure without problems, (2) very safe follow-up examination and (3) the avoidance of osteoradionecrosis within the scope of postoperative irradiation. The disadvantage of this procedure, i.e. the disturbing of mastication can largely be repaired by a special defect prosthesis. PMID- 7319849 TI - [Treatment of malignant lymphomas of the oropharynx (author's transl)]. AB - The natural history of malignant lymphomas of the oropharynx and their response to treatment are described by evaluating the course of 41 patients, who after histological verification underwent radiotherapy in the Radiological Clinic of Kiel University between 1965 and 1979. The analysis of the malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas according to the "Kiel classification" reveals a clear predominance of the germinal center tumors and the high grade malignancies. The long-term results of treatment show a good prognosis for clinical stages I-II1 (two adjacent lymph node or extranodal regions involved above the diaphragm, "Ann Arbor" classification modified by Musshoff) with a 85% probability of both survival and freedom of disease. For clinical stages II2-IV long-term actuarial survival and disease free survival were lowered to 51% and 23%. Whereas in 93% a complete tumor regression could be achieved by the primary treatment, one third of these patients developed a recurrence of the disease, mainly caused by incomplete therapy, such as missing the "extended field" radiotherapy or a necessary chemotherapy because of old age, myelodepression or simply refusion of further treatment. According to the results of this study chemotherapy seems to be necessary from clinical stage II2 on (two distant lymph node or extranodal regions or three or more regions located anywhere involved above the diaphragm). Finally a refined locoregional irradiation technique for malignant lymphomas of the oropharynx is described: fast electrons and cobalt rays in daily alternation for the posterior cervical lymphnodes. Last not least we present the unusual treatment schemes of the "Kiel Lymphoma Study Group" for malignant non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of different histologies and stages. PMID- 7319850 TI - [Perichondritis of the ear auricle after acupuncture (author's transl)]. PMID- 7319851 TI - Direct action techniques. PMID- 7319852 TI - The thrust technique. PMID- 7319853 TI - Muscle energy technique: definition, explanation, methods of procedure. PMID- 7319854 TI - Detection of pacemaker abnormalities by Holter monitoring. PMID- 7319855 TI - Intraspinal tumors in infants and children: report of case and review of literature. PMID- 7319856 TI - Adjuvant radiotherapy in operable breast cancer: correlation between dose in internal mammary nodes and prognosis. PMID- 7319858 TI - The value of extended field radiation therapy in carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7319857 TI - The outcome of treatment by tumorectomy and radiotherapy of patients with operable breast cancer. PMID- 7319860 TI - Slipped femoral capital epiphyses in irradiated children: dose, volume and age relationships. PMID- 7319859 TI - Complications of definitive radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 7319861 TI - Permanent and removable implants for the brachytherapy of brain tumors. PMID- 7319862 TI - Clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: an uncommon entity with a favorable prognosis. PMID- 7319863 TI - Enhanced adriamycin--induced delayed gastrointestinal radiosensitivity in tumor bearing mice. PMID- 7319864 TI - Intracapillary oxyhemoglobin saturation of malignant tumors in humans. PMID- 7319865 TI - Patterns of care outcome studies: results of the national practice in seminoma of the testis. PMID- 7319866 TI - The role of adjunctive radiotherapy for stage I endometrial carcinoma: preoperative vs postoperative irradiation. PMID- 7319867 TI - Localized hyperthermia adjuvant to irradiation in superficial recurrent carcinomas: a preliminary report on 46 patients. PMID- 7319868 TI - Center-blocked field technique for treatment of extensive chest wall disease. PMID- 7319869 TI - Three-field technique for breast treatment using a rotatable half-beam block. PMID- 7319870 TI - Measurement of pulmonary tissue volume and blood flow in persons with normal and edematous lungs. AB - We measured pulmonary tissue volume (Vt) and pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc) by a rebreathing method using two soluble gases, acetylene (C2H2) and dimethyl ether (DME), in 32 normal subjects and 14 patients who had had pulmonary edema. In 18 of the normal subjects, studies were performed at three or more different rebreathing volumes (VA). To normalize for differences in body size, results were expressed as the ratio of Vt or VA to predicted total lung capacity (TLC). We found that 1) changes in VA/TLC had a significant effect on Vt/TLC and Qc measured with both gases, 2) the range of normal values for Vt was best defined by expressing the relationship between Vt/TLC and VA/TLC, 3) using this approach, many patients with clinically mild or inapparent pulmonary edema had abnormal values of Vt, and 4) when comparing mean values of C2H2 and DME in 82 simultaneous measurements at constant VA/TLC, Vt was significantly higher in 87% (71/82) and Qc in 63% (52/82) of the paired tests. PMID- 7319871 TI - Effects of vasopressin administration on diuresis of water immersion in normal humans. AB - Although previous studies have demonstrated that water immersion to the neck (NI) results in a significant diuresis, the mechanisms are incompletely delineated. Because recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that NI is associated with a suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it is possible that such a suppression mediates the encountered diuresis. The present study was undertaken to assess more directly the relative role of ADH suppression by determining the effects of vasopressin administration. Six hydrated normal subjects were studied on two occasions while undergoing 6 h of NI. During the second NI study, aqueous vasopressin (20 mU/h) was infused for the initial 4 h of study (NI + vasopressin). NI resulted in a significant increase in urinary flow rate beginning during hour 1 and persisting throughout NI. In contrast, during NI + vasopressin, the anticipated diuresis was abolished throughout the 4 h of vasopressin administration. Cessation of vasopressin administration during the final 2 h of NI + vasopressin resulted in a marked and prompt diuresis. The present observations are consistent with the formulation that ADH suppression participates importantly in mediating the diuresis of NI in hydrated normal subjects. PMID- 7319872 TI - Decay of inspiratory muscle activity in chronic airway obstruction. AB - Relative decay rate of inspiratory muscle electrical activity (RDRI) in patients with chronic airway obstruction increased with decreasing expiratory time (TE), being faster than in normal subjects for a given TE. Time course of decay was similar in shape to that of normal subjects, whereas persistence time of activity during expiration was about half. Hence, braking action of inspiratory muscles in patients was smaller than in normal subjects. No tonic activity of inspiratory muscles was found in patients, even when frequency was increased and hyperinflation enhanced. Hence tonic activity of inspiratory muscles found by others in asymptomatic asthmatic or normal subjects after histamine inhalation seems elicited by histamine. In normal subjects breathing under resistive load, RDRI became similar to that of patients for a given TE: tonic activity of extradiaphragmatic inspiratory muscles occurred only if frequency was voluntarily increased at least three times, an unphysiological condition with resistive load. Under discontinuous inspiratory elastic load, RDRI of patients decreased or did not change, whereas previously that of normal subjects was found to increase. PMID- 7319873 TI - Orthostatic fluid-electrolyte and endocrine responses in fainters and nonfainters. AB - A tilt-table test was administered to five young men before (test 1) and after (test 2) 8 days of heat acclimation (2-h daily exercise at 50% VO2max at 40 degrees db, 30 degrees C wb) and to five other young men before and after the same exercise at 24 degrees C to determine fluid-electrolyte and endocrine responses in orthostasis in fainters and nonfainters. Half of the 10 subjects showed improved orthostatic reactions from test 1 to test 2 (disappearance of nausea and dizziness and improved heart rate and blood pressure), and the other 5 subjects showed no improvement. The improvement, especially in the nonfainters, was related to increases in posttilt plasma volume (PV) and plasma concentration of potassium. During test 1, plasma renin activity (PRA) increased five times from supine to orthostatis, with a corresponding increase in plasma vasopressin (ADH) of 50 times. The corresponding increases in test 2 were lower by 50 and 75% compared with those occurring in test 1 for PRA and ADH, respectively. PRA was five times higher in nonfainters than in fainters in test 1, whereas ADH showed an opposite trend. The orthostatic-induced increase in ADH seems to be related to volume control independent of PRA. This increase is reduced with improvement in orthostatic reactions, probably because of an increase in PV. PMID- 7319874 TI - Variability of oxygen affinity of blood: human subjects native to high altitude. AB - Whole blood O2 equilibrium curves (OEC) were measured in 46 Peruvians native to high altitude (4,540 m) and in 25 sea-level controls. A method was employed that records the entire OEC from 0 to 150 Torr with constant pH and PCO2. The data were analyzed by fitting the Adair equation describing the successive oxygenation of hemoglobin. At pH 7.4 the PO2 at which hemoglobin is half-saturated with O2 (P50) was significantly higher in the high-altitude population (31.2 +/- 1.9 Torr) than in controls (29.2 +/- 1.8 Torr, P less than 0.001). The acid-base status of the high-altitude subjects, however, was that of compensated respiratory alkalosis (plasma pH 7.439 +/- 0.065), and when the P50's were corrected to the subjects' plasma pH the values (30.1 +/- 2.2 Torr) could no longer be distinguished from the controls. We conclude that, on the average, increased P50 resulting from increased red cell 2,3-diphosphyoglycerate concentration at high altitude is offset by compensated respiratory alkalosis with the net result that the position of the OEC more closely approaches that of sea-level humans than has hitherto been thought. Considerable variation exists in P50, both at sea level and high altitude. This variation might have important consequences for acclimatization and survival under adverse environmental conditions. PMID- 7319875 TI - Corrections for the response time and delay of mass spectrometers. AB - Computations based on mass spectrometer (MS) outputs will be incorrect unless the delay for drawing the sample into the instrument and response time of the instrument are accounted for. When we changed concentration abruptly in two different mass spectrometers, the responses were sigmoid shaped not exponential, and time constants derived from the main part of the response curves were 43-60 ms; single-exponent corrections using these values caused the corrected waveform to overshoot. For a better correction, we used a two-exponent correction, C2 = Co + (Y1 + Y2) (d2C0/dt) + Y1Y2 (d2C0/dt2), where C0 is MS output as a function of time t, C2 is corrected concentration, and Y1 and Y2 are time constants. Assumption of a third exponent was of little value. For a successful correction Y1 must be smaller than a measured one-exponent time constant. We used two-thirds of the measured value for Y1 and then calculated Y2 from the once-corrected response. The second-order correction approximates a square output in response to a square input. To deal with delay time in a way that would give good resolution of dynamic changes and also be compatible with our response-time correction, we corrected for the difference between time of the input event and time that the output reaches 20% of full response. We validated our methods by integrations of amounts of gases drawn into and out of a syringe and in human breaths. PMID- 7319876 TI - Glycogen and nonspecific adaptation to cold. AB - Exposure to moderate cold for a few weeks causes adaptation through the development of nonshivering thermogenesis primarily in the brown adipose tissue. Exposure to severe cold by repeated short exposures also causes adaptation but by mechanisms that seem to be different. These latter results were confirmed in mice. It was also found that this type of adaptation is nonspecific because it can be produced by other stresses such as swimming or fasting. Simultaneous determinations of glycogen in the liver and soleus and tibialis muscles indicated a possible role for this substrate in cold resistance. Repeated cold exposure (8 times at -15 degrees C for 10 min), swimming for 3 h, or fasting for 48 h--all reduced the glycogen stores when measured immediately after the stress. However, the levels of glycogen were significantly increased above the initial values (P less than 0.01) when the determinations were made 24 h later. Cold tolerance measured by resistance to hypothermia at -5 degrees C was improved only when the test was done 24 h after the stress had taken place. Thus, cold resistance, as described in this study, is nonspecific and our results suggest that glycogen stores could serve as a rate-limiting substrate. PMID- 7319877 TI - Specificity of power improvements through slow and fast isokinetic training. AB - College age males performed maximal two-legged isokinetic knee extensions three times per week for 6 wk at either 60 degrees/s (slow) or 300 degrees/s (fast) or both 60 and 300 degrees/s (mixed). The velocity specific and action specific (two leg vs. one leg) improvements in peak torque (PT) were compared to a placebo group receiving low-level muscle stimulation. The slow group improved PT significantly (P less than 0.05) more than the placebo group only at its training velocity (60 degrees/s) and more so when the specific two-legged training action was mimicked (+32% with two legs vs. +19% with one leg). The mixed group enhanced PT by 24 and 16% at their respective training velocities of 60 and 300 degrees/s. These improvements were significantly larger than placebo and also significantly larger than the 9% improvement observed at the midvelocity of 180 degrees/s. The training specificity demonstrated by the slow and mixed groups suggest that neural mechanisms contributed to their improvements in power. This is supported by their unchanging muscle morphology. Training solely at 300 degrees/s (fast) however improved PT significantly more than placebo not only at the training velocity (+18%), but also at a slower velocity of 180 degrees/s (+17%). The fast group demonstrated a significant enlargement (+11%) of type II muscle fibers. These data suggest type II fiber hypertrophy to be a plausible mechanism for the nonspecific improvement of the fast group; however, a neurological adaptation that enhances power at and below the training velocity cannot be excluded. PMID- 7319878 TI - Shape and regional volume in immersed lung lobes. AB - We froze 10 isolated canine lower lobes by immersing them in chlorothene (sp gr 1.4) at -20 degrees C. In six instances the contralateral lower lobe was frozen over dry ice. The lobes were then sliced horizontally, and the volume and weight of each slice were measured so that expansion (specific volume) and the amount of tissue (weight) could be assessed as a function of distance down the lung. Lobes frozen under chlorothene at low [35% total lung capacity (TLC)] and medium [60% TLC] volumes demonstrated a gradient of regional expansion that was about half that predicted on the basis of pleural surface pressure. Lobes frozen under chlorothene at high volumes [80% TLC] did not demonstrate a significant gradient of regional expansion. These results demonstrated tissue interdependence. When lobes frozen under chlorothene were compared with contralateral lobes frozen over dry ice, substantial differences in shape were evident. Chlorothene-frozen lobes had greater vertical height, and a smaller fraction of their weight was present in dependent regions: lobes frozen in chlorothene had half as much tissue over the lower 40% of their vertical height as did lobes frozen over dry ice. We demonstrated two mechanisms by which relative homogeneity of regional expansion was maintained in response to differences in pleural pressure, tissue interdependence and tissue movement from more compressed to less compressed regions. PMID- 7319879 TI - Distribution of ventilation and diffusing capacity in the normal and diseased lung. AB - Conventional tests of diffusing capacity (DL) consider the lung to be a uniform structure with regard to both ventilation and diffusion. These assumptions are incorrect even in normal subjects. We present a method for determining the distribution of both specific ventilation (SV) and DL from the washin and washout of C18O and simultaneous washout of argon. Both end-tidal and mixed-expired data are fit to a two-compartment lung model; parameters that define SV and DL are assigned to each compartment. From data generated by a model, the parameters recovered were found to be relatively insensitive to realistic levels of noise. Measurements in one subject were highly repeatable. We examined 15 normal subjects and 16 subjects with varying degrees of obstructive lung disease. In both groups the better ventilated spaces generally showed a higher DL. The sum of the total two-compartmental DL's correlated with, but was found to exceed, the value obtained using the steady-state method and generally exceeded the single breath result. We conclude that this method has potential advantages over conventional methods and is worthy of further study. PMID- 7319880 TI - Ascorbate uptake by isolated rat lung cells. AB - Experiments were done to determine the intracellular concentration of ascorbate in isolated rat lung cells and the concentration in plasma and to study ascorbate influx in these cells. The intracellular ascorbate concentration was 2.25 mM and the plasma level was about 0.14 mM; i.e., the lung cell ascorbate concentration was about 16 times greater than the plasma level. When the cells were incubated in medium containing physiological levels of ascorbate (0.1 mM), influx increased linearly up to 60 min of incubation and was 0.54 +/- 0.04 nmol.10(7) cells-1.h-1. Influx was dependent on the extracellular ascorbate concentration. At concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 1 mM, uptake appeared to exhibit saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of 0.16 mM. At physiological levels of extracellular ascorbate (0.1 mM) at least 90% of the uptake appeared to be carrier mediated, and this influx was inhibited by various metabolic inhibitors. In addition, ascorbate influx was inhibited by ouabain and removal of extracellular sodium. These results suggest that lung cells contain a transport mechanism for ascorbate that is energy-dependent and that may be coupled to Na+ influx. PMID- 7319881 TI - Estimation of cardiac output by electrical impedance during arm exercise in women. PMID- 7319882 TI - Intrapulmonary gas transport and perfusion during high-frequency oscillation. AB - The effects of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) on 1) regional pulmonary 133Xe clearance after equilibration, 2) regional distribution and subsequent clearance of 133Xe after right atrial bolus injection, and 3) pulmonary gas exchange were examined in anesthetized supine dogs. After equilibration 133Xe cleared similarly from all lung regions with HFO at 16 and 30 Hz and a stroke volume of 2.6 ml/kg. Pulmonary gas exchange was adequate. 133Xe, injected as a bolus into the right atrium, was preferentially distributed to dependent lung regions during both HFO and apnea, indicating vertical gradients in pulmonary perfusion. During the subsequent pulmonary clearance of 133Xe, regional 133Xe concentrations (CrXe) increased initially in nondependent regions. By contrast, CrXe decreased immediately in the dependent lung region; after CrXe's became similar in dependent and nondependent regions, all lung regions started to clear at similar rates. The initial increases of CrXe in nondependent regions were attributed to interregional mixing, which may contribute to the uniformity in regional pulmonary 133Xe clearance after equilibration. PMID- 7319883 TI - Effect of physical training on exercise-induced sweating in women. AB - The effect of physical training on the time course of sweat rate in women has been examined. Physically untrained and trained young female subjects pedaled a bicycle ergometer at work rates of 483 and 981 kgm.min-1, for 2 h in summer and winter in an ambient environment of 30 degrees C db and 60% rh. The trained women also worked at 1,070 kgm.min-1 and the untrained at 391 kgm.min-1. Rectal temperature was measured, and capsule sweat samples were collected from the back every 5 min. Sweating was initiated more rapidly in the trained group than in the untrained group. The trained group working at a load of 981 kgm.min-1 exhibited a progressive decrease in sweat rate. This was not observed at a work load of 483 kgm.min-1. Hidromeiosis was rarely seen in the untrained group. However, in the untrained women who underwent 60 days of physical training, initiation of sweating occurred more quickly and hidromeiosis was observed. It was concluded that previous physical training improved women's capacity for useful sweating during exercise in a hot environment. PMID- 7319885 TI - Single-breath nitrogen test in excised human lungs. AB - Pressure-volume curves and simulated single-breath nitrogen tests were performed on 32 excised left human lungs and the slope of phase III, and phase IV plus minimal volume, expressed as percent of the lung volume at a transpulmonary pressure of 30 cmH2O (closing capacity), was calculated. The lungs were graded as to the degree of emphysema and degree of peripheral airways disease. Peripheral airway dimensions were also measured. The closing capacity expressed as percent predicted in vivo was significantly correlated with the total pathological scores (P less than 0.01) and inflammation scores (P less than 0.01) as well as the transpulmonary pressures at the onset of phase IV (P less than 0.01). Correlations with the emphysema grade were not significant. The slopes of phase III were highly variable even among normal lungs and could not be shown to correlate with airways disease or emphysema. PMID- 7319884 TI - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in dogs: effects of lung segment size and oxygen tension. AB - Six pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were prepared with endobronchial tubes and electromagnetic flow probes. The effects of changing inspired oxygen concentrations (FIO2 = 1, 0.21, 0.15, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, and 0) were tested on test segments of different size corresponding to left lower lobe, left upper lobe lingula, left lung, right lung, right lung plus left lower lobe, right lung plus left upper lobe-lingula, and whole lung. In each test the rest of the lung received oxygen. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is demonstrated by both diversion of blood flow away from hypoxic test segments and by increased perfusion pressure. Flow diversion (FD%) decreases with the size of the hypoxic test segment (%QSN) from a maximum of 75% for very small segments to zero when the whole lung is hypoxic. FD% increases linearly as alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) of the test segment is decreased in the range of 130--28 Torr. When mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2) is less than 45 Torr FD% is reduced. These relationships are described by FD% = [74.99 - 0.0778 (%QSN) - 0.00661 (%QSN)2] [1.268 - 0.0096 (PAO2)] [0.47 + 0.012 (PVO2)], with r = 0.92 and standard error for prediction of 8.4%. Pulmonary perfusion pressure changes (PPH/PPN) increase with the size of the hypoxic test segments from 0 with very small segments to approximately 2.2 for the hypoxic whole lung. For all test segments PPH/PPN increases linearly with PAO2. These relationships are described by PPH/PPN = 1 + [0.0043 (%QSN) + 0.000072 (%QSN)2] [1.234 - 0.0096 (PAO2)], with r = 0.91 and standard error for prediction of 0.3 units. Responses to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in dogs are therefore shown to be predictable and continuous, and the physiological basis for action of each of the variables is discussed. PMID- 7319886 TI - Deficiencies in pore-membrane models of microvascular fluid and solute transudation. AB - We have attempted to determine the membrane parameters, permeability-surface area product (PS) and reflection coefficient (sigma), necessary to describe solute exchange in the pulmonary circulation. Experimental lymph-to-plasma ratios were obtained for total protein (Rtot) and albumin (Ralb) using lung lymph collected from goats with chronic lung lymph fistulae. Lymph flow (QL) and solute flow (QS) were varied by increasing microvascular pressure in a stepwise manner by inflating a balloon in the left atrium. The increased QL and decreased Ralb from multiple experiments in four goats were used to plot PS vs. sigma using the equation of Patlak et al. (J. Theor. Biol. 5: 426-442, 1963). The region of intersection of two or more such curves should identify the two membrane constants. However, these curves rarely intersected suggesting that perhaps the lung barrier was not adequately represented by a single homoporous membrane. To evaluate heteroporosity, the three-pore model of Blake and Staub (Microvasc. Res. 12: 197-220, 1976) was investigated. By use of their pore sizes and relative pore distributions, values for the fluid filtration coefficient, PS, and sigma of each pore type were calculated, and finally QL and R were predicted at various microvascular pressures. When these calculated values of QL and R were plotted using the equation of Patlak et al., an equivalent homoporous PS and sigma could still be found. Therefore, a heteroporous membrane does not appear to explain the failure of our data plots to intersect. Possible alternative models are suggested. PMID- 7319887 TI - Time-constant histograms from the forced expired volume signal. AB - The forced expired volume signal was analyzed using a parallel compartment model in which each compartment emptied exponentially. With this model the forced expired volume signal was represented by a histogram showing the fraction of the vital capacity as a functional of compartmental time constants. We developed an algorithm to compute this histogram from the volume signal. The algorithm used the least-squares criterion function with both smoothness and nonnegativity constraints. In a stimulation study reasonable histograms were obtained even in the presence of realistic random error. Three dependent forced expired volume signals from 16 subjects were analyzed, and the histograms were reproducible. Most histograms were bimodal with fast time constants of 0.12-0.55 s and slow time constants of 1.3-2.7 s. In all normal subjects and patients with restrictive disease more than 75% of the vital capacity was in the fast time-constant mode. Subjects with obstructive disease had more than 40% of the vital capacity in the slow time-constant mode. PMID- 7319888 TI - Effect of blood volume on sweating rate and body fluids in exercising humans. AB - Five relatively fit men performed cycle ergometer exercise (65-70% VO2max) for up to 30 min at 30 degrees C, 40% rh. The data from control (normo-volemic), hypovolemic [8.7% reduction in blood volume (BV) induced by diuretics], and hypervolemic [7.9% expansion of BV induced by infusion if isotonic serum albumin] tests revealed significant effects of BV on body fluid and sweating responses. During control exercise, BV decreased an average (+/- SE) 370 +/- 64 ml at 20 min. A significantly smaller loss occurred after 20 min of hypovolemic exercise (270 +/- 29 ml). The decrease in BV during 30 min of hypervolemic exercise (541 +/- 43 ml) was significantly greater than during control (421 +/- 50 ml). Blood volume reduction also significantly altered the control of sweating rate independent of changes in plasma osmolality. The slope of the sweating rate-to esophageal temperature relationship (SR/Tes) was significantly reduced from the mean value of 1.07 +/- 0.16 and 1.09 +/- 0.18 mg X min-1 X cm-2 X degrees C-1 during control tests, measured from the chest and arm, respectively, to 0.64 +/- 0.11 and 0.63 +/- 0.11 mg X min-1 X cm-2 X degrees C-1 during hypovolemia. The SR/Tes slope was unchanged in hypovolemia over active tissues (calf). Hypervolemia had no effect on the control of sweating at any site. Both the body fluid and sweating responses during hypovolemia act to conserve circulating blood volume during exercise. PMID- 7319889 TI - Enhanced heat production in physically restrained rats in hypoxia. AB - Combined effects of restraint and hypoxia (9.5% O2 in N2) on heat production (M), heat loss (HL), colonic temperature (Tcol), and cardiovascular activity were studied in unanesthetized rats. In freely moving (F) rats, hypoxia decreased M, HL, Tcol, and heart rate (HR). In restrained (R) rats, however, hypoxia increased M, HL, Tcol, and HR. The increase in these parameters was greatest within 30 min of hypoxia, and the peak value of M was 10.4 W X m-2 higher than in normoxia. After chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide, no such increase was observed in R rats. l-Norepinephrine bitartrate (0.4 mg X kg-1) increased M and HR in F rats in hypoxia. The increase in M was, however, 9.5 W X m-2 and significantly less than that observed in normoxia. Hypoxia significantly reduced blood flow to the brown adipose tissues (BAT) in R rats. The BAT may not be responsible for the increased metabolism in restrained hypoxia-exposed rats. Hypoxia significantly increased blood flow to the heart and the diaphragm, and to a lesser extent to the limb muscles. The increased metabolism in the cardiac and respiratory muscles may be a cause of hyper-metabolism in restrained rats. The limb muscles may also play some role in increasing metabolism in these rats. PMID- 7319890 TI - Alterations in responses to drugs of atria from white rats acclimated to hypobaric hypoxia. AB - To test the hypothesis that acclimation to simulated high altitude (SHA) may occur in the tissues as well as in the systemic regulatory apparatus of an organism, atria isolated from young rats acclimated to SHA of 6,000 m and from control rats were observed under normoxic conditions. SHA atria have slower spontaneous heart rates than atria isolated from controls (209 +/- 4 vs. 228 +/- 3, P less than 0.001). SHA atria are more sensitive to pentobarbital sodium (P less than 0.001) and ethanol (P less than 0.06): spontaneous mechanical activity stops at a lower drug concentration in SHA than in control atria. SHA atria are less sensitive to norepinephrine in the concentration range of 7.9 X 10(-9) to 3.1 X 10(-6) M and respond to increased bath concentrations (3.8, 5.8 and 7.8 mM) of calcium with a significantly (P less than 0.04) smaller chronotropic response and a greater inotropic response than atria from control animals. These data support the above-mentioned hypothesis. PMID- 7319891 TI - Denervated and intact kidney responses to exercise in the dog. AB - In conscious female dogs exercise-induced changes in the function of the innervated and denervated kidney were studied by clearance techniques. The animals were prepared for experiments by chronic unilateral renal denervation and surgical division of the urinary bladder to enable separate urine collection from each kidney. A 20-min run on a treadmill at a speed of 2.6 m/s significantly decreased urine flow, osmolar clearance, sodium excretion, as well as clearances of exogenous creatinine and p-aminohippurate in the denervated kidney only. In dogs running at 3.6 m/s renal hemodynamics decreased significantly and similarly for both kidneys, whereas the fall in renal excretion was virtually limited to the denervated kidney. As glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was falling during exercise, sodium excretion per 100 ml GFR tended to increase in the innervated kidney, in contrast to an expected slight fall on the denervated side. This indicated a defect of tubular sodium reabsorption of the innervated kidney. On the whole, the data do not support an important mediatory role of renal nerves in the mechanism of renal function changes during exercise. PMID- 7319892 TI - Myocardial intracellular pH regulation during chloride depletion. AB - The possible role of a HCO-3/Cl- transmembrane exchange as a mechanism of alkalinization in the myocardial cell was studied in isolated rabbit hearts perfused with Ringer solution. Cl- depletion was produced by replacing Cl- of the perfusate by SO2(-4) or glucuronate. Intracellular pH (pHi) was calculated both in Cl--free and Cl--containing hearts from the distribution of 14C-labeled 5',5' dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione. Acid-base alterations were produced by changing perfusate HCO-3 concentration and/or CO2 partial pressure (PCO2). Depletion of Cl resulted in an increase in pHi for any given level of extracellular pH. Increasing PCO2 at constant perfusate HCO-3 resulted in changes in pHi and cell HCO-3 (HCO-3i) that were similar in both Cl--free and Cl--containing hearts. Increasing perfusate HCO-3 at constant PCO2 resulted in increases in pHi and HCO 3i in both Cl--free and Cl--containing preparations. When the increases in HCO-3i secondary to an increase in extracellular HCO-3 were plotted as a function of the initial HCO-3i, a significant negative correlation was observed, suggesting that the elevation of HCO-3i was influenced by the initial HCo-3i and not by the presence or absence of Cl-. It is concluded that even though HCO-3 may enter the myocardial cells in exchange for Cl- during Cl-depletion, lack of Cl- does not alter the ability of the myocardial cell to regulate its pHi. This argues against a HCO-3/Cl- exchange as a mechanism of regulation of myocardial pHi. PMID- 7319893 TI - Effect of hypoxia and CO on a cytochrome P-450-mediated reaction in rabbit lungs. AB - Evidence indicates that the diffusion of O2 and CO in tissue may be facilitated by a carrier molecule having a P50 that approximates tissue O2 partial pressure (PO2; 1-15 Torr) and a much higher affinity for CO than for O2. To determine whether cytochrome P-450 in lung satisfies these criteria, we measured the effect of hypoxia and of CO on the rate of metabolism of the cytochrome P-450 mediated O demethylation of p-nitroanisole in isolated perfused rabbit lungs. Metabolism was inhibited by 50% of a control at an estimated tissue PO2 fo 4 Torr (5.5 microM). When inspired CO2 was kept at 200 Torr and inspired CO partial pressure (PCO) varied an estimated tissue PCO/PO2 ratio of 0.025 reduced the reaction rate by 50% of control, but some metabolism persisted at PCO/PO2 ratios larger than one. The relationship between reaction rate and PCO/PO2 ratio could not be fit by a single value for Haldane constant for M (CO affinity/O2 affinity) but could be described with a two-component model in which metabolism was equally divided between a high-affinity cytochrome (M = 200) and a low-affinity cytochrome (M = 2). These findings suggest that cytochrome P-450 could act as a carrier for O2 and CO in tissue with low PO2's. PMID- 7319894 TI - Pulmonary diffusion capacities for O2 and CO measured by a rebreathing technique. AB - Pulmonary diffusion capacity (D) for O2 and CO was determined from alveolar-mixed venous equilibration kinetics of 16O2, 18O2, and C18O measured during rebreathing by mass spectrometry. During the rebreathing maneuver (15 s) the ventilation was extremely high (about 100 1 X min-1) and PO2 and PCO2 in lung gas were close to their mixed venous values (aveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia). The following mean values (+/- SD) were found in six healthy males (20-33 yr) sitting on a bicycle ergometer (in ml X min-1 X Torr-1): 1) without work load, D18O2 = 54 +/- 10, Dc18O = 47 +/- 11; 2) with the highest work load tested (150 W, O2 uptake 2.1 l X min-1), D18O2 = 62 +/- 12, Dc18O = 54 +/- 8. The ratio D16O2/D18O2 averaged 1.07. The ratio D18O2/Dc18O, averaging 1.2 at rest and at all exercise levels, was close to the estimated O2/CO ratio of Krogh's diffusion constants for tissue and, therefore, was in agreement with the diffusion limitation model. An analysis of the various factors affecting the DO2/DCO ratio does not allow to reliably assess the role of diffusion in red blood cells and reaction with hemoglobin in limiting alveolar-capillary O2 transfer. PMID- 7319895 TI - Differences in airway reactivity in normal and allergic sheep after exposure to sulfur dioxide. AB - The effect of breathing 5 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) on airway reactivity was studied in both normal and allergic conscious sheep. Allergic sheep were defined as animals in which inhalation of Ascaris suum extract resulted in bronchospasm as evidenced by an increase in mean pulmonary flow resistance (RL), hyperinflation, and a fall in dynamic compliance. Airway reactivity was assessed by measuring the increase of RL after 18 breaths of 0.25% carbachol (c), from an initial RL value obtained after 18 breaths of buffered saline (s) [RL(c-s)]. RL and RL(c-s) were determined prior to, immediately after, and 24 h after exposure to 5 ppm SO4 for 4 h. In both groups RL remained unchanged after SO2 exposure. Prior to exposure, RL(c-s) was not significantly different in seven normal (0.3 +/- 0.1) and seven allergic sheep [0.4 +/- 0.2 (SD) cmH2O X l-1 X s], and there was no significant change in RL (c-s) immediately after SO2 exposure in either group. Twenty-four h later, RL(c-s) RL(c-s) increased to 0.7 +/- 0.8 (P less than 0.2) in normal and to 1.8 +/- 0.9 cmH2O X l-1 X s (P less than 0.01) in allergic sheep. Because the increase in RL(c-s) after 24 h was greater (P less than 0.01) in allergic than in normal sheep, we conclude that SO2 exposure increased airway reactivity more in the former than in the latter. PMID- 7319896 TI - Noninvasive ventilatory monitoring by respiratory inductive plethysmography in conscious sheep. AB - The respiratory inductive plethysmograph is a noninvasive device that has been used to measure tidal volume (VT) in humans from changes in self-inductance of wire coils excited by an oscillator circuit placed about the rib cage and abdomen. We investigated its accuracy in conscious sheep utilizing a new calibration procedure during quiet breathing and breathing associated with bronchospasm provoked by aerosolized carbachol. Seven sheep were intubated with a nasotracheal tube and an esophageal balloon placed for determination of transpulmonary pressure. Base-line mean pulmonary flow resistance (RL) in the sheep was 1.5 +/- 0.7 (SD) cmH2O X l-1 X s. After carbachol inhalation, mean RL increased to a maximum of 8.8 +/- 2.8 cmH2O X l-1 X s (P less than 0.002). AT base line, mean VT estimated by respiratory inductive plethysmography over a 20-s period fell within +/- 6% of spirometry. After carbachol VT in five of the sheep remained close to the initial validation, but in two, it deviated +/- 11% from spirometry. Analysis of the continuous recording of timing and volume components of the breaths revealed that bronchoprovocation did not significantly alter mean VT or frequency. However, there was a slight increase in both parameters resulting in an increase in minute ventilation from 7.6 +/- 2.4 to 9.6 +/- 2.8 l/min (P less than 0.02). Similarly, a slight decline in inspiratory time coupled with the slight rise in VT produced an increase in mean respiratory flow from a base-line value of 0.35 +/- 0.12 to 0.44 +/- 0.17 l/s (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that the respiratory inductive plethysmography accurately monitors breathing pattern in conscious sheep even during severe bronchospasm. PMID- 7319897 TI - Hepatovenous segments in the human liver. AB - The patterns of hepatovenous segments in 95 human livers have been studied after preparing corrosion casts of the hepatic veins in 72 specimens and taking X-rays of 23 livers after injecting barium sulphate into the hepatic veins. Five hepatovenous segments were seen in every specimen: left, middle, right, paracaval and caudate. The sizes of corresponding hepatovenous segments were similar in 77.9% of livers; in the remainder increased or decreased size, at the expense of neighbouring segments, was observed. PMID- 7319898 TI - Thyroid proliferation, body weight, thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in chronic antithyroid (carbimazole) treatment in rats. AB - Male rats (200 g body weight) were either untreated or given carbimazole (0.1 g/100 mg) in their drinking water for up to 24 weeks. Vincristine sulphate - a metaphase arrest agent - was used to estimate the mitotic activity of thyroid follicular cells. Measurements of body growth rate and oxygen consumption showed that the animals were hypothyroid after one week of treatment. The relationship between body growth and mitotic rate supports the concept of the thyroid follicular cells as an 'expanding' cell population. The mitotic rate (metaphases/10(4) cells . hour +/- S.E.) rose from the control level of 3.9 +/- 1.28 to 33.3 +/- 7.59 after 2 days of treatment and reached a peak of 79.9 +/- 8.56 on day 5. Thereafter, it declined slowly, but remained significantly greater than control levels until the 16th week of treatment. Changes in mitotic activity were accompanied by characteristic histological changes in the gland. After two days' treatment with carbimazole, the serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) was significantly increased and the serum levels of tri- and tetra-iodothyronine were decreased. These results area compared with those of earlier studies and discussed in relation to changes in hormone levels and strongly suggest that TSH is responsible for the hyperplasia of thyroid follicular cells to respond to continued stimulation. PMID- 7319899 TI - Light microscopic and ultrastructural features of the Harderian gland of the nine banded armadillo. AB - The Harderian gland of the nine-banded armadillo is a mixed, compound tubuloacinar gland located in the medioposterior aspect of the orbit. The gland is lobulated and appears homogeneous in colour and texture. Harderian glands of both male and female fluoresce a pale yellow-green, indicating the lack of porphyrins. At the light microscopic level, the gland contains lobules which synthesize different secretory products. The lobules of the gland adjacent to the eyeball (the proximal point) contain predominantly mucus-secreting acini which empty into a well developed system of intralobular ducts. The lobules of the major portion of the gland (the distal part) contain lipid-secreting acini. The cells contain numerous lipid vacuoles which are colourless when fixed with osmium tetroxide and stain blue with the perchloric acid-naphthoquinone technique for cholesterol. The duct system of this portion of the gland is less developed than the mucous portion; however, these lobules contain a well developed network of fenestrated capillaries. At the ultrastructural level, the secretory cells of the lipid acini are characterized by an expansive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and numerous lipid vacuoles. Additionally, these cells contain a well developed Golgi apparatus with associated vesicles, condensing vacuoles, and secretory granules. The free surface of the cells possess microvilli; however, the microvilli appear longer and more concentrated on the surface of the cells adjacent to the fenestrated capillaries. The possible functions of this gland in the armadillo, which possesses a rudimentary pineal gland, are discussed. PMID- 7319900 TI - Intercellular contacts between fibroblasts in the periodontal connective tissues of the rat. AB - The type and number of cell contacts between fibroblasts were studied in three structurally distinct varieties of periodontal connective tissue in the rat mandible (periodontal ligament of the incisor, enamel-related connective tissue of the incisor and periodontal ligament of the molar). Three types of cell contact were observed in all tissues, namely simplified desmosomes, gap junctions and close contacts. When considered in terms of number per 50 micrometer (2), percentage of the membrane profile occupied and mean length, simplified desmosomes in the enamel-related connective tissue of the incisor were significantly higher than in the periodontal ligaments. For gap junctions, the only significant difference found was in the number per 50 micrometer (2) between the two periodontal ligaments. For close contacts the number per 50 micrometer (2) was significantly higher for the periodontal ligament of the incisor than for the other two tissues. However, when considered as a percentage of the membrane profile occupied, the only significant difference remaining was with the enamel related connective tissue. PMID- 7319901 TI - Fibroblast cell proliferation in the mouse molar periodontal ligament. AB - Cytogenesis of the developing molar periodontal ligament was studied by determining labelling indices in 4 groups of young mice. Autoradiographs were made using paraffin sections of demineralised specimens from 10 days, 12 days, 16 days and 20 days old mice allowed to survive a varying period (1--96 hours) after the administration of [3H]thymidine. Labelled fibroblasts in number per unit area were counted over three different zones (apical, middle and cervical) of the sections and labelling index distribution curves were drawn. The present study has demonstrated the existence of a progenitor area with proliferating fibroblasts in the apical zone and a migration of these cells into other zones (middle and cervical). However, it has also shown that a measurable proliferative rate is present at all levels of the molar periodontal ligament in all ages of animals investigated. Such an observation if compatible with fibroblasts migrating from the apical zone in an occlusal direction and maintaining a decreasing degree of proliferative activity as they progress. Consequently, a tentative apico-occlusal migratory model for the periodontal ligament fibroblast proliferation and migration is proposed. Accordingly, fibroblast proliferation takes place in the apical progenitor zone, and cells migrate from the apical zone to middle and cervical zones, but maintaining a decreasing degree of proliferative activity as they migrate. Peak proliferative and migratory activity is seen in the 12 days group which is also the time that tooth eruption takes place in the mouse. Thus, a close relationship exists between fibroblast cell proliferation, migration and tooth eruption. PMID- 7319902 TI - Osteoclast formation in response to intraperitoneal injection of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol in mice. AB - In order to assess osteoclast formation in response to 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol, osteoclast counts per cm of bone surface were performed on paraffin sections of femurs of male CBA mice killed at daily intervals up to 5 days. All animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol up to the time of death. Peak osteoclast formation occurred during the third day, by the end of which maximum numbers of osteoclasts were achieved (11.9 +/- 0.9 osteoclast cm-1) compared to controls (3.5 +/- 0.6 osteoclast cm-1), this increase being highly significant (p less than 0.01). Although the osteoclast population was most dense at the metaphyseal plate in both experimental and control groups, osteoclast counts in this region only doubled whereas overall osteoclast counts more than tripled. The number of nuclei per osteoclast did not significantly alter following four daily injections of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. PMID- 7319903 TI - Fredericamycin A, a new antitumor antibiotic. II. Biological properties. AB - Fredericamycin A is a novel antibiotic produced by a soil isolate of Streptomyces griseus (FCRC-48). In vitro, fredericamycin A exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities. In vivo, fredericamycin A exhibits very good antitumor activity against P388 mouse leukemia as well as the CD8F mammary tumor and marginal activity against B16 melanoma. Fredericamycin A failed to demonstrate any interaction with DNA and inhibited protein and RNA synthesis preferentially to DNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis and P388 cells. PMID- 7319904 TI - Virantmycin, a new antiviral antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces. AB - Virantmycin, a novel chlorine-containing antiviral antibiotic, has been isolated from Streptomyces nitrosporeus No. AM-2722. The active substance in culture broth is isolated as colorless needles by solvent extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography on silicic acid. The molecular formula is C19H26NO3Cl (molecular weight 351) from the elemental analysis and mass spectrum. The antibiotic possesses antifungal activity and potent inhibitory activity against various RNA and DNA viruses. PMID- 7319905 TI - Studies on SF=1902 A2 A5, minor components of SF-1902 (globomycin). AB - Four members of globomycin, SF-1902 A2, A3, A4a and A4b were newly isolated from the culture of Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1902. These minor components shared four amino acids in common and the fifth was either valine or allo-isoleucine. The fatty acid moiety varied from 3-hydroxy-2-methylheptanoic acid in A2 to 3 hydroxy-2-methylundecanoic acids in A4b. The length of alkyl chain greatly affected the antibacterial activity, and maximum activity was shown by the homologue (A5) possessing the longest alkyl chain. PMID- 7319906 TI - Aminoglycoside antibiotics. XIV. Synthesis and activity of 6-O-(3-amino-3-deoxy alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-and 5-O-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)apramycins. AB - 6-O-(3-Amino-3-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)apramycin (17) was prepared by glycosidation of a suitably blocked 5,6-dihydroxy derivative (11) of apramycin with a blocked 3-aminoglucosyl chloride (15). Ribosylation of the 5-hydroxy-6-O tetrahydropyranyl (THP) derivative (19) of apramycin gave 5-O-(beta-d ribofuranosyl)apramycin (24) along with the 6 alpha (25) and 6 beta (26) isomers. Similar reaction with the 6-hydroxy-5-O-THP derivative (20) or 11 gave only 25 and 26, but not 24. 17 was at least as active as apramycin against most Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested and more active than apramycin against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested and more active than apramycin against strains producing aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were generally less sensitive to 17 than to apramycin. 24 was the most active of the three ribofuranosyl derivatives prepared though it was less active than 17. PMID- 7319907 TI - Semisynthetic cephalosporins with alpha-oximino acid side chains. The preparation and coupling of 4-acylamino-alpha-oximinobenzeneacetic acids and 1,2-dihydro-6 methyl-alpha-oximino-2-oxo-3-pyridineacetic acid to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. AB - A series of 4-acylamino-alpha-oximinobenzeneacetic acids, and 1,2-dihydro-6 methyl-alpha-oximino-2-oxo-3-pyridineacetic acid were prepared and coupled to 7 aminocephalosporanic acid and its 3'-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)thiolo analogue. Several coupling methods and oxime protecting groups were thoroughly examined. The best coupling procedure employed dimethylchloroformiminium chloride, and the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group was selected for oxime protection. The cephalosporins prepared were tested and compared to cefuroxime and cefotaxime. The corresponding alpha-keto acids, and O-methyl oximes were also examined. PMID- 7319908 TI - Cephalosporins. III. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 vinylenethioacetamid:o cephalosporins with a tetrazolo-pyridazine at the 3 position. AB - The synthesis and in vitro activity of 7-vinylenethioacetamido cephalosporins with a tetrazolo-pyridazine at the 3-position are described. These cephalosporins showed good activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 7-[(Z) beta-carboxyvinylenethio-acetamido]-3-[(tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin-8- amino-6-yl) thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (K 13176, 21) was significantly more active in vitro and in vivo than cefazolin against Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 7319909 TI - Trisarubicinol, new antitumor anthracycline antibiotic. PMID- 7319910 TI - Reduction and hydrolysis of 2-hydroxyaclacinomycin A. PMID- 7319911 TI - Biosynthesis of aklavinone and aclacinomycins. PMID- 7319912 TI - Oganomycin A, a new cephamycin-type antibiotic produced by Streptomyces oganonensis and its derivatives, oganomycins B, GA and GB. PMID- 7319913 TI - Cationomycin, a new polyether ionophore antibiotic produced by Actinomadura Nov. sp. PMID- 7319914 TI - The structure of vineomycin B2. PMID- 7319915 TI - Acyl derivatives of 16-membered macrolides. I. Synthesis and biological properties of 3"-O-propionylleucomycin A5 (TMS-19-Q). AB - Using leucomycin A5 (1), 3"-O-propionylleucomycin A5 (7) was synthesized by the following synthetic route: 2"-O-acetylation, 3,9-di-O-trimethylsilylation, 3"-O propionylation, 3,9-di-O-detrimethylsilylation and 2'-O-deacetylation. Acylation of the 3"-tertiary hydroxyl group of 2'-O-acetyl-3,9-di-O trimethylsilylleucomycin A5 with propionyl chloride in the presence of tribenzylamine at 70 degrees C gave a 3"-O-propionyl derivative in 96% yield. The structure of the final compound, 3"-O-propionylleucomycin A5 (7) was confirmed by means of mass, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectrometry and chemical degradations. 3"-O Propionylleucomycin A5 (7) showed higher antibacterial activity in vitro and higher serum levels than its mother antibiotic. The biological properties of 7 also were compared with those of josamycin and midecamycin. PMID- 7319916 TI - Acyl derivatives of 16-membered macrolides. II. Antibacterial activities and serum levels of 3"-O-acyl derivatives of leucomycin. AB - 3"-O-Acylation of leucomycin A5 increased its in vitro antibacterial activity against sensitive microorganisms and also some resistant ones. An increased effect was particularly noted when an acetyl or propionyl group was introduced. On the contrary, acylation of the C-3 and C-9 hydroxyl groups reduced the antibacterial activity in vitro. Introduction of an acyl group at the C-3" hydroxyl group increased the serum level of the compound. The increase in serum level from 3"-O-acylation is higher than that from 3-O-acylation. The serum level of the 3"-O-propionyl derivative of leucomycin A5 was higher than that of the 3" O-acetyl derivative. 3"-O-Propionylleucomycin A5 (5) was the derivative that showed the highest antibacterial activity and yielded the highest serum level among the derivatives examined. PMID- 7319919 TI - New rifamycins modified at positions 3 and 4. Synthesis, structure and biological evaluation. AB - A number of semisynthetic rifamycin derivatives modified at positions 3 and/or 4, belonging to general structures 3, 5, and 6 (see Scheme 1), have been prepared. The synthesis, structure and antimicrobial evaluation of the new compounds are described. All the derivatives have "in vitro" antibacterial activities well comparable with that of rifampicin. PMID- 7319917 TI - New adriamycin analogs. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 14-substituted 7-O (3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinones. AB - The 14-azido-, 14-thiocyanato-, 14-acetoxy-, and 14-acetylthio- derivatives of 7 O-(3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)daunomycinone were synthesized by displacement reactions conducted on the corresponding 14-bromide. The in vivo antitumor activities of the products were compared with that of the 14-hydroxyl derivative in the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia assay. The 14 acetoxy derivative was highly active and of low toxicity; the other products showed negligible or low activities. PMID- 7319918 TI - Antibacterial activity of DL 473, a new semisynthetic rifamycin derivative. AB - DL 473, a new semisynthetic rifamycin, was 2-10 times more active in vitro than rifampicin (RAMP) against several clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and only slightly less active than RAMP against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It showed excellent therapeutic activity in mice in experimental infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes group A, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the experimental TB infection in the mouse DL 473 was clearly more active than isoniazide and RAMP, two of the most effective antitubercular drugs in current use. The LD50 in the mouse was significantly higher than that of RAMP and the half-life was about 5 times longer than that of RAMP. PMID- 7319922 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins in Streptomyces strains. PMID- 7319920 TI - 3-Demethoxy-3-ethoxy-tetracenomycin C. PMID- 7319921 TI - Mucidin: its identity with strobilurin A. PMID- 7319923 TI - Cytovaricin, a novel antibiotic. PMID- 7319924 TI - Deflectins, new antimicrobial azaphilones from Aspergillus deflectus. AB - Five structurally related, angular azaphilones, the deflectins, were isolated from the mycelia of Aspergillus deflectus. The structures of all compounds have been established. Besides the inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria and fungi, these compounds showed lytic activity towards bacteria and erythrocytes and cytotoxic activity towards cells of the ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma of mice. The inhibitory effects of the deflectins could be reversed by the addition of serum or serum albumin. PMID- 7319925 TI - Candiplanecin, a new antibiotic from Ampullariella regularis subsp. mannitophila subsp. nov. I. Taxonomy of producing organism and fermentation. AB - A soil isolate of actinomycete, strain No. 43871 produced a new antifungal antibiotic, candiplanecin. Pale brownish to yellow orange color of colonies on agar media, the formation of bottle-shaped, cylindrical sporangia bearing motile spores and the presence of meso-DAP and glycine in the cell wall ascribed this strain to genus Ampullariella. From its morphological characteristics together with the cultural and physiological features, this strain was determined to be a new subspecies of Ampullariella regularis and designated as Ampullariella regularis subsp. mannitophila subsp. nov. (FERM-P No. 5646). Production of candiplanecin was carried out by conventional submerged culture, in which 2 micrograms/ml as the highest antibiotic titer was obtained. PMID- 7319926 TI - Candiplanecin, a new antibiotic from Ampullariella regularis subsp. mannitophila subsp. nov. II. Isolation, physico-chemical characterization and biological activities. AB - New antibiotic, candiplanecin, was found in the culture broth of an actinomycete identified as Ampullariella regularis subsp. mannitophila subsp. nov. Candiplanecin was produced by conventional submerged culture and isolated by column chromatography on Diaion HP 20 followed by extraction with ethyl acetate and further column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 column and finally on PrepPAK 500/C18 column. The antimicrobial spectrum of the antibiotic revealed its activity against yeasts and fungi. PMID- 7319927 TI - Rubeomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic complex. I. Taxonomy of producing organism, isolation, characterization and biological activities of rubeomycin A, A1, B and B1. AB - A new antibiotic complex has been obtained from the cultures of an actinomycete, strain FA-1180, isolated from a soil sample collected at lake side of Biwa in Japan. On the basis of taxonomic studies the producing microorganism is designated as Actinomadura roseoviolacea var. biwakoensis nov. var. The antibiotic complex belongs to the class of anthracycline glycoside antibiotics. All components form deep red fine needles on crystallization; components are named rubeomycin A, A1, B and B1. These components exhibit activity against Gram positive bacteria as well as Yoshida sarcoma cell in vitro. These components are also effective on P388 leukemia. PMID- 7319928 TI - New anthracycline metabolites from mutant strains of Streptomyces galilaeus MA144 M1. II. Structure of 2-hydroxyaklavinone and new aklavinone glycosides. AB - Four blocked mutants of aclacinomycin-producing Streptomyces galilaeus MA144-M1 produced new anthracyclinones; 2-hydroxyaklavinone, its non-esterified analog and 2-hydroxy-7-deoxyaklavinone, several new anthracyclines; 2-deoxyfucosyl-2 deoxyfucosyl-rhodosaminylaklavinone (MA144 U1), 2-deoxyfucosyl rhodosaminylaklavinone (MA144 U2) and five aklavinone glycosides devoid of amino sugar, designated as MA144 U5, U6, U7, U8 and U9. PMID- 7319929 TI - New rifamycins produced by a recombinant strain of Nocardia mediterranei. AB - A recombinant strain of Nocardia mediterranei was found to produce a number of new rifamycins which are structurally related to rifamycin S, rifamycin W and rifamycin G. This strain was derived from two Nocardia mediterranei mutants by intraspecific recombination. PMID- 7319930 TI - 3-Hydroxyrifamycin S and further novel ansamycins from a recombinant strain R-21 of Nocardia mediterranei. AB - The structures of 3-hydroxyrifamycin S and six further novel ansamycins isolated from the recombinant strain R-21 of Nocardia mediterranei were identified by spectroscopic methods. Three types of structure were distinguished: Type 1: Ansamycins of the rifamycin S type Type 2: Ansamycins of the rifamycin G type Type 3: Ansamycins of the rifamycin W type. PMID- 7319931 TI - Eighth-nerve action potentials evoked by tone bursts in cats before and after inducement of an acute noise trauma. AB - Properties of eighth-nerve action potentials (AP) evoked by single-frequency tone bursts (test tone) were studied in cats. Curves representing AP threshold as a function of test-tone frequency have a shape similar to behavioral and single fiber threshold curves. The absolute level of AP thresholds is higher than that of behavioral and single-fiber thresholds. Cats were exposed to broad-band noise (equal intensities per octave) halfway into the experiments. This exposure resulted in a long-term temporary threshold shift (TTS) which remained fairly steady during the measurements. APs were measured before and during an acute noise trauma in the same animal. After inducement of the trauma the greatest threshold shift is found between 2 and 6 kHz. Curves representing AP amplitude as a function of stimulus SPL are displaced to higher stimulus SPLs. Sometimes the slope of the curve is steeper after the noise exposure than before. AP latency at threshold did not change due to the excessive noise exposure. AP-latency values compared at equal sound pressure levels before and after inducement of the trauma showed higher values during the trauma than before. PMID- 7319932 TI - Eighth-nerve action-potential tuning curves in cats before and after inducement of an acute noise trauma. AB - Potentials and limitations of eighth-nerve action-potential tuning curves (APTC) in providing us with a measure of frequency selectivity are studied in cats. APTCs are measured, using a forward-masking technique. They are essentially wider than auditory-nerve fiber tuning curves. Width of APTCs is dependent upon test tone sound pressure level (SPL) and masking criterion. This can be explained by assuming that APs are formed by discharges of fiber with different CFs. Acoustic traumata are induced halfway into the experiments in order to measure APTCs before and during the trauma in the same animal. This broad-band noise exposure resulted in a long-lasting temporary threshold shift which remained fairly steady during the experiment. In the traumatized ear APTCs are wider than in the normal ear. This widening, also observed in auditory-nerve fibers, is not simply an SPL effect. PMID- 7319933 TI - Patterns of residual masking. AB - "Residual masking' was measured in a tonal forward masking paradigm. In one experiment, psychophysical tuning curves and masking patterns were obtained at several frequencies and levels for a fixed masker-probe time delay. In a second experiment, tuning curves and masking patterns were measured as masker-probe time delay was varied. Our results indicate that tuning curves and masking patterns are sharpest at low levels, high frequencies and brief masker-probe time delays. In addition, we observed that masked probe threshold returned to the level of unmasked probe threshold at approximately the same post-masker time regardless of masker level or the probe-to-masker frequency relationship. These findings suggest that frequency, level and time delay all affect the degree of frequency selectivity observed with these measures. PMID- 7319934 TI - Auditory-nerve fiber responses to tones in a noise masker. AB - The phase-locked responses of single auditory-nerve fibers were measured for a continuous tonal stimulus presented in a noise background. The response amplitude, the primary Fourier component of the period histogram, was found to be dependent on the relative levels of the noise and tone. Different noise-to-tone level ration resulted in quite different response amplitude; changing overall level keeping noise-to-tone constant (constant dB difference) provided little change in response. With transient stimuli, phase-locked response to the tone at noise onset was consistently greater than to a tone presented during the steady state noise exposure. When responses were normalized to the average rate, the difference between onset and steady-state responses were not clearcut. PMID- 7319935 TI - Neural coding of repetitive clicks in the medial geniculate body of cat. AB - The activity of 418 medial geniculate body (MGB) units was studied in response to repetitive acoustic pulses in 35 nitrous oxide anaesthetized cats. The proportion of MGB neurons insensitive to repetitive clicks was close to 30%. On the basis of their pattern of discharge, the responsive units were divided into three categories. The majority of them (71%), classified as "lockers', showed discharges precisely time-locked to the individual clicks of the train. A few units (8%), called "groupers', had discharges loosely synchronized to low-rate repetitive clicks. When the spikes were not synchronized, the cell had transient or sustained responses for a limited frequency range and was classified as a "special responder' (21%). Responses of "lockers' were time-locked up to a limiting rate, which varied between 10 and 800 Hz; half of the "lockers' had a limiting rate of locking equal to or higher than 100 Hz. The degree of entrainment, defined as the probability that each click evokes at least one spike, regularly decreases for increasing rates; on the other hand, the precision of locking increasing increases with frequency. The time jitter observed at 100 Hz might be as small as 0.2 ms and was 1.2 ms on average. The population of "lockers' can mark with precision the transients of complex sounds and has response properties still compatible with a temporal coding of the fundamental frequency of most animal vocalizations. PMID- 7319936 TI - Utilization of the D-isomers of arginine and histidine by chicks and rats. AB - Young chicks and rats were fed crystalline amino acid diets deficient in either arginine or histidine, and the growth-promoting capacity of the D-isomers of these two amino acids was examined. D-arginine had no growth-promoting activity in either chicks or rats. D-histidine had minimal growth-promoting activity (about 20%) in chicks and no bio-activity in rats. PMID- 7319937 TI - Prevention of lactic acidosis in cattle by lasalocid or monensin. AB - Intraruminal administration of lasalocid or monensin (1.3 mg/kg body weight) effectively prevented in glucose- or corn-induced lactic acidosis in cattle. Administering the antibiotics for 7 days before experimentally inducing acidosis with corn (27.5 g/kg body weight), effectively prevented acidosis, while 2 days' were sufficient to prevent glucose-induced acidosis (12.5 g/kg body weight). The different responses observed in the two trials probably stemmed from the difference in amounts of carbohydrate used to induce acidosis. Antibiotic-treated cattle had higher rumen pH values and lower L(+) and D(-) lactate concentrations that control cattle that received no antibiotics. Ruminal VFA in control cattle decreased, while total VFA and the molar proportion of propionate increased in antibiotic-treated cattle after grain engorgement. Control cattle exhibited classic signs of acidosis, such as lowered blood pH; increased blood lactate, particularly D(-) isomer; hemoconcentration, and depleted alkali reserve with a pronounced based deficit. Antibiotic-treated cattle exhibited no signs of systemic acidosis. PMID- 7319938 TI - Effects of primary, secondary and tertiary amines on in vitro cellulose digestion and volatile fatty acid production by ruminal microorganisms. AB - Decanamine hydrochloride (a C10 primary amine), N-methylundecanamine (a C11 secondary amine) and N, N-dimethyldodecanamine (a C12 tertiary amine) were tested for their effects upon in vitro cellulose digestibility by unadapted ruminal microorganisms. The three amines exhibited similar patterns of inhibition of cellulose digestibility in 48-hr in vitro incubations. Cellulose digestion was depressed to 97, 89, 31, 11 and 12% of the control value by 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm of the amines, respectively. Total volatile fatty acid production was depressed to 89, 85, 61, 40 and 32% of the control value by 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ppm of the amines, respectively. Propionate production was inhibited to a greater extent than was acetate production, and acetate to propionate ratios increased in the presence of the amines. The results demonstrate that these primary, secondary and tertiary amines inhibit those microorganisms which digest cellulose in the rumen. PMID- 7319939 TI - Degradation of protein by mixed cultures of rumen bacteria: identification of Streptococcus bovis as an actively proteolytic rumen bacterium. AB - Mixed cultures of rumen bacteria were inoculated into anaerobic buffer solutions containing mixed carbohydrates, casein and ammonia, and rates of bacterial growth, protein degradation, ammonia formation or utilization and lactate production were determined. Bacterial growth rate was varied by the provision of excess carbohydrate (one large dose at the onset of the incubation) or limited carbohydrate (small doses every hour or every 2 hr). When carbohydrate was limited, growth rate was slow, the extent of protein degradation was small and lactate did not accumulate in the fermentation vessels. Lactate production and protein degradation were also negligible during the initial phases of the high carbohydrate, fast growth rate incubations, but large increases in each were seen after 3 hours. Microscopic examination of the fast growth incubations revealed large numbers of small ovoid cells similar to Streptococcus bovis, while tha slow growth incubations exhibited a variety of morophological types and very few small ovoid cells. Because the lactic acid and morphological data suggested that proliferation of S. bovis might be responsible for rapid proteolysis, effects of gram-positive antibiotics were examined. When compared against a fast growth control, both thiopeptin (5 ppm) and monensin (5ppm) were found to decrease protein degradation, but the inhibition by thiopeptin (50%) was greater than that by monensin (13%). The ratios of protein degraded to bacteria protein synthesized were .659, .362 and .628 for the control, thiopeptin and monensin treatments, respectively. Actively proteolytic strains of S. bovis were isolated from fast growth incubations, and subsequent experiments showed that the ratio of protein degraded to bacterial protein synthesized was approximately 1.50. Collectively, the data indicate that S. bovis is a very proteolytic rumen bacterium. PMID- 7319940 TI - Influence of fasting and transit on ruminal and blood metabolites in beef steers. AB - Nine ruminally cannulated steers (average weight 477 kg) were randomly assigned to serve as controls (C) or to be fasted (F) or fasted and transported (FT). C steers were allowed free access to alfalfa hay, water and plain salt during the experiment; F steers were deprived of feed and water for 32 hr, and FT steers were deprived of feed and water and transported for 32 hr in a gooseneck trailer. After 32 hr, F and FT steers were allowed access to alfalfa hay, salt and water. Rumen samples were withdrawn via cannula at 0, 18, 32, 36, 46, 56, 80 and 104 hr after the start of the experiment. Jugular blood was sampled at the same times, except for 36 and 46 hours. Rumen pH of F and FT steers increased (P less than .05) during the 32 hr fasting/transit period over that of C steers and then decreased (P less than .05) on refeeding. Total VFA concentrations were lower in F steers (39.5 mmoles/liter) at 32 hr than in FT steers (202.2 mmoles/liter). Total counts of rumen bacteria and protozoa were lower (P less than .05) in F and FT steers than in C steers at all times except 0 and 104 hr, and recovery of microbial numbers was slower in FT and in F steers. VFA data suggest rumen motility may be impaired in FT steers compared with that in F steers. Blood glucose was higher (P less than .05) at 18 an 32 hr in FT than in F steers. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was higher (P less than .05) at 18 hr (104.7 IU/liter) in FT steers than in steers in the other two groups (average 84.3 IU/liter). Serum Fe tended to be lower at 18 and 32 hr in FT steers than in F and C steers, and serum triglycerides were lower (P less than .05) in FT steers at 32 and 56 hr than in C. Most other blood constituents were not greatly affected by treatment. These data suggest that the physiological response of fasting alone differs considerably from that of fasting and transit stress, because transit appears to impose influences on rumen fermentation and blood chemistry beyond those imposed by fasting. PMID- 7319941 TI - Effects of intraventricular injections of Ca2+ and(or) Mg2+ on eating behavior, water intake and cardiac rhythm in sheep. AB - Feeding behavior, water intake and cardiac rhythm were measured following injections of Ca2+ and(or) Mg2+ into the lateral ventricles of sheep. Injections of 20 mumoles of either Ca2+ or Mg2+ elicited an eating response approximately three to four times greater than normal. The effect of Ca2+, however, appeared to be more powerful than that of equimolar doses of Mg2+. When both ions were injected in an equimolar mixture (10 mumoles of each), they did not antagonize each other, but instead elicited an eating response that was additive and equal to that elicited by 20 mumoles of Ca2+. Water intake varied markedly and was not related to the experimental treatments. Cardiac rate was decreased by the injections of 20 mumoles of Ca2+, with the T-P interval of the electrocardiogram affected most. The other experimental treatments did not affect cardiac rate, although the intervals between the waves QRS, T and P of the electrocardiogram were slightly modified. It is concluded that lateral ventricular injections of Ca2+ and Mg2+ can affect the excitability of neurons controlling feeding behavior without necessarily affecting other autonomic centers in sheep, unless the ions reach the vicinity of the fourth ventricle at relatively high concentrations. PMID- 7319942 TI - Estimation of genetic and maternal effects in crossbred cattle of Angus, Charolais and Hereford parentage. III. Optimal breed composition of crossbreds. AB - Methods for estimating genetic and maternal effects in crossbred populations were extended and generalized to allow estimation of optimal breed combinations. Coefficients of the effects were expressed in terms of the probabilities of obtaining genes from a given parental breed through the sire (PiS), dam (PiD) and maternal grandsire (piS). The formulas are applicable to crosses involving any number of breeds. For purposes of graphic presentation, available genetic and maternal parameters for 205-day weight derived from data involving the Angus (A), Charolais (C) and Hereford (H) breeds were used to develop response surfaces for all two-breed combinations of the A, C and H breeds. PiS, PiD and PiS ranged from 0 to 1. In crosses involving varying proportions of the A and C or the H and C breeds, an increased proportion of C genes resulted in increased 205-day weight, and the shape of the performance surface was largely determined by the breed additive effects of the C breed. Individual and maternal heterosis effects influenced the shape of the performance surface of crosses involving varying proportions of A and H. Application of results to the formation of synthetic breeds is discussed. PMID- 7319943 TI - Metabolic actions of growth hormone in pigs. PMID- 7319944 TI - Plasma growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin secretory patterns in Hereford and Simmental calves. AB - An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that bull calves of a larger, faster growing breed of cattle exhibit greater secretory activity of anabolic pituitary hormones than bull calves of a smaller, slower growing breed. Calves of both breeds were raised under similar conditions and maintained on the same diet for approximately 4 weeks before the blood sampling period. Simmental bull calves had higher (P less than .01) average daily gains and a heavier (P less than .01) mean body weight than Hereford bull calves. Overall plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations were higher (P less than .01) in Simmental bull calves than in Hereford bull calves. Mean baseline GH was also higher (P less than .05) in Simmentals. Overall and baseline concentrations of prolactin (PRL) were similar for both breeds. Mean amplitude of PRL secretory spikes was higher (P less than .05) for Simmental than for Hereford bull calves. There was no breed effect on any variable of thyrotropin secretion. These data suggest that representatives of a larger, faster growing breed of cattle (Simmental) exhibit greater secretory activity of GH and PRL than do representatives of a smaller, slower growing breed (Hereford). PMID- 7319945 TI - Intestinal absorption of D-glucose, D-galactose and L-leucine in male growing rats fed a raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) diet. AB - Male growing rats were fed diets containing either raw field bean (Vicia faba L.) or casein as the only source of protein. Diets were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Body weight gain was significantly impaired, and rates of both in vivo and in vitro intestinal absorption of D-glucose, D-galactose and L-leucine were reduced, in rats fed the legume diet. The addition of methionine to the bean diet did not alter either growth or intestinal absorption rates. No significant differences in intestinal oxygen uptake were found between the treatment groups. It is suggested that the antinutritive substances contained in the raw legume Vicia faba are responsible for the inhibitory effects observed in this experiment. PMID- 7319946 TI - Effect of mating on the luteinizing hormone surge in the pig. AB - Twenty-eight cannulated crossbred gilts were assigned to one of four treatments: natural mating, artificial insemination (AI, whole semen), AI (seminal plasma) or control (nonmated). Blood samples were collected four times daily (0800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 hr) on the day before standing estrus, the day of the onset of standing estrus and the first day after the onset of standing estrus. Thereafter, blood samples were collected once daily (1200 hr) until 15 days postestrus. Analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the plasma revealed similar concentrations for all groups on the day of estrus, but higher (P less than .05) values for naturally mated gilts the following morning. Mean concentrations of LH on the first day after the onset of standing estrus were higher (P less than .01) for the mated gilts (2.75 +/- .54 ng/ml) than for gilts in the AI whole semen (.89 +/- .10 ng/ml), AI seminal plasma (1.02 +/- .13 ng/ml) and control groups (.92 +/- .11 ng/ml). Concentration of LH in the plasma of pregnant gilts tended to be higher after day 9. These results suggest that coitus may prolong the LH surge. PMID- 7319947 TI - Synchronization of ewes during anestrus: influence of time of year and interval to onset of estrus on conception rate. AB - The effects of progestogen-gonadotropin treatment on estrous response, ovulation rate and lambing response of crossbred ewes were examined at two times during the anestrous season (May-June and July-August). Each ewe group was treated with progestogen pessaries for 16 days and injected with 750 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on days 17 and 32 to induce two consecutive estrous periods. Data accumulated from single-sire matings of 500 ewes indicated that estrous, ovulation and lambing responses did not differ (P less than .10) between ewes treated in May-June (92%, 2.5, 66%) and ewes treated in July-August (93%, 2.5, 67%). We concluded that there were no significant differences between reproductive responses of ewes synchronized during mid-anestrus (May-June) and those of ewes treated during late anestrus (July-August). For the May-June and July-August groups combined, estrous, ovulatory and lambing response were higher (P less than .05) during the first induced estrous period (76%, 3.0, 62%) than during the second (33%, 1.9, 43%). In both the first and second induced estrous periods, as interval from PMSG injection to onset of estrus increased, significant declines in ovulation rate, conception rate and ram marking activity were observed, particularly when onset of estrus occurred 72 hr or more after PMSG injection. These results indicate that the reduced lambing responses reported for ewes synchronized during anestrus may be due to increased asynchrony of reproductive events in the ewe, or decreased ram aggressiveness and fertility, or a combination thereof, as the interval from PMSG injection to the onset of estrus increases. PMID- 7319948 TI - Intake, digestibility, ruminal characteristics and rate of passage of orchardgrass diets fed to sheep. AB - Four orchardgrass diets ranging in cell wall content from 60 to 78% were fed to sheep, and relationships among intake, digestion, passage and ruminal measurements were determined. As cell wall concentration increased, dry matter intake, digestible energy intake, dry matter digestibility and excretion rate decreased, while cell wall intake rumen volume, rumen cell wall and retention time increased. Indigestible cell wall intake was similar with each diet. It appeared that as digestible energy intake decreased, the sheep attempted to adapt by increasing ruminal ingesta volume, increasing ruminal ingesta cell wall and decreasing rate of passage; as cell wall concentration increased, indigestible cell wall limitation was manifested in decreased levels of feed and energy intake. Rate and extent of digestion appeared to be related to indigestible cell wall and appeared to be key factors in the control of cell wall turnover and feed intake. PMID- 7319949 TI - Ammonia toxicity in cattle. V. Ammonia concentration of lymph and portal, carotid and jugular blood after the ingestion of urea. AB - Four rumen-fistulated Holstein steers were fitted with cannulas for the collection of portal, jugular and carotid blood. In addition, the thoracic duct of one steer was cannulated for the collection of lymph. Steers were given .125, .25 or .5 g urea/kg body weight 16 hr after a previous feeding. Within 5 min after the administration of the .5-g dose, rumen ammonia increased from 9.7 to 32.0 mg/100 ml, rumen pH from 6.47 to 7.87; portal blood ammonia from 1.02 to 8.01 mg/100 ml, carotid blood ammonia from .18 to 1.17 mg/100 ml and jugular blood ammonia from .13 to .36 mg/100 ml. Lymph ammonia increased from .22 to .32 mg/100 ml within 15 minutes. The .125- and .25-g doses or urea produced proportionate changes. In a second experiment, three Jersey cows were given .5 g urea/kg body weight, and the rates at which urea appeared in carotid and jugular blood were determined. Only small amounts of urea appeared in carotid and jugular blood during the first 5 min after dosing, but the concentrations then increased slowly but progressively. We concluded that because carotid blood ammonia concentration increased so rapidly after dosing with urea, ammonia must leak past the liver, and it is therefore unlikely, that there is a liver threshold for ammonia which must be exceeded before ammonia will reach the carotid artery. The marked difference in ammonia concentrations in carotid and jugular blood suggests that the brain takes up ammonia rapidly. While some ammonia is absorbed via the lymph, and thus bypasses the liver, the lymph does not appear to be a major contributor of ammonia to carotid blood. PMID- 7319950 TI - Effect of day gestation on inductions of lambing with flumethasone. AB - Three-hundred and sixty-nine ewes were examined for the effect of day of flumethasone injection on induction of parturition. Ewes were treated with either 2 mg flumethasone (FLU) or physiological saline (control) on days 138 through 144 of gestation as determined by date of marking by rams. Average time to lambing post-treatment was 86.7 +/- 8.0 hr for FLU-injected ewes and 155.9 +/- 7.9 hr for control ewes (P less than 0.1). Sixty-four percent of the FLU-injected ewes lambed within 72 hr after treatment, compared to 17% of the control ewes (P less than .01). The average interval to lambing for the FLU-treated ewes responding within 72 hr was 49.5 +/- 2.1 hours. FLU treatment on days 140 through 144 of gestation resulted in a shorter (P less than .05) interval from treatment to birth and more (P less than .01) ewes lambing within 72 hr after treatment than did treatment on days 138 and 139. PMID- 7319951 TI - Effect of diethylstilbestrol on tissue gain and carcass merit of feedlot beef steers. AB - The effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the composition of tissue gain of Hereford steers was studied in a complete slaughter balance trial. Eight steers were slaughtered initially (IS) and, after 177 days on feed, eight control steers (C) and seven steers that had been fed 20 mg DES daily (DES) were slaughtered. Initial full body weight averaged 224.8 kg, and final full body weight averaged 403.0 kg for the C steers and 433.6 kg for the DES steers. Final empty body weight averaged 346.6 kg for the C steers and 368.0 kg for the DES steers. DES improved live weight gain by 17% and conversion of feed dry matter to live weight by 12%. Recovery of wet weight during slaughter averaged 99.6%. DES steers had larger rib cut weights and greater proportions of separable lean and bone plus connective tissue in the rib cuts than C steers, an ribeye area tended to be larger in DES steers. DES caused a small shift in relative body composition toward more protein, moisture and ash. Tissue gain in DES steers consisted of 28.3% more protein, 26.0% more moisture, 73.2% more ash, 1.5% less fat and 109.1% more residual (dry matter not accounted for by N x 6.25, ether extract and ash) than did tissue gain in C steers. Energy gain per unit of energy intake over the feeding period was not affected by DES treatment, but DES improved protein gain per unit of protein intake and per unit of energy intake by approximately 20% within the total empty body and by about 25% within the carcass fraction. Results confirm indirect estimates in the literature indicating that DES increases skeletal growth and lean tissue deposition in feedlot steers. PMID- 7319952 TI - The relationships between energy balance, milk production and ovulation in postpartum Holstein cows. AB - Energy balance and serum progesterone concentrations were monitored during early lactation in a group of high producing Holstein cows. The postpartum interval to normal ovulation averaged 36 +/- 6 days (range 6 to 83 days). Average energy balance during the first 20 days of lactation (cumulative daily calculated energy balance divided by days in milk) was inversely related to days to normal ovulation (r = -.60) and to milk production (r = -.80). Milk yield during this period was not closely related to days to ovulation (r = .30). Milk yield was also not significantly related to serum prolactin concentrations over the first 12 weeks of lactation (r = .27). During early lactation, energy balance was maximally negative until peak milk yield and then began returning toward zero, with the magnitude and duration of negative energy balance being quite variable. On the average, ovulation and the initiation of the first normal luteal phase occurred approximately 10 days after energy balance began returning toward zero. During this 10-day interval, a transient elevation in serum progesterone concentrations occurred in eight of 13 cows. These results suggest that energy balance during the first 20 days of lactation is important in determining the onset of ovarian activity following parturition. PMID- 7319953 TI - Liver vitamin A slow release syndrome in cattle with a multiple nutrient imbalance. AB - Data on liver vitamin A concentrations in malnourished, debilitated, down cattle in tropical, northern Australia support the hypothesis that 12% annual cattle mortality was due, in part, to a slow release of liver vitamin A. High Ca and low Zn levels in the legume forage apparently contributed to the slow release. The cattle showed marked sensitivity to sunlight and exhibited problems of sight. The malnourished yearling steers averaged 183.3 micrograms vitamin A/g wet liver vs 152.3 micrograms for steers slaughtered off good green wet season forage. Indications of a slow release of liver vitamin A were that: (1) only 4 to 7 micrograms vitamin A/g liver were in the alcohol fraction or release form; (2) after adjustments for decreases in liver and blood volume in starving animals, blood vitamin A was lowered to 18 micrograms/100 ml, which was low in relation to the adjusted liver vitamin A level of 91.7 micrograms/g, and (3) after adjustments, the liver had released only 1,667 units of vitamin A/day in the dry season, or about 1/4 of maintenance needs. The cattle were grazing a legume forage pasture containing 7.1% protein and no measurable carotene. The forage was deficient in Zn (25 ppm), which would slow the release of liver vitamin A. High Ca levels in the legume forage (.4 to .54%) in combination with low P levels (.11 to .18%) would further aggravate the low Zn level. PMID- 7319954 TI - Rumen and abomasal cannulation of sheep with specially designed cannulas and a cannula insertion instrument. AB - Rumen and abomasal cannulas for sheep and an instrument that facilitates rapid insertion of the cannulas were developed. The cannulas were made from epoxy filled polyurethane and were supported by outer support rings held in place by nuts screwed onto the threaded tops of the cannula barrels. The insertion device was used to pull the cannula through a separately made incision in the abdominal wall and to stretch the skin and other tissues over a cone and onto the barrel of the cannula, thus ensuring a tight fit and the formation of a ring of scar tissue that virtually eliminated digesta leakage. Expansion plugs, used to seal the cannulas, were designed to eliminate a twisting force that could be transferred to the cannula when the plugs were secured or released. The plugs were also designed to protrude minimally from the side of the animal. More than 75 sheep were cannulated, and the preparations proved to be relatively maintenance free and resistant to mechanical disturbance by the animal. The cannulas had a long functional life and permitted convenient sampling of digesta and introduction of liquid and solid materials, including digestion bags. PMID- 7319955 TI - Intestinal cannulation of cattle and sheep with a T-shaped cannula designed for total digesta collection without externalizing digesta flow. AB - An intestinal cannula was prepared that was designed to have the advantages of a reentrant cannula without permanently exteriorizing digesta flow or adding significantly to the resistance of digesta flow. The cannula was fabricated in the shape of a T from a Teflon fluorocarbon polymer. Total passage of digesta through the lumen of the cannula was accomplished by suturing a support boot around the outside of the intestine at the cannulation site. The support boot prevented the intestine from stretching away from the cannula. Digesta leakage around the barrel of the cannula was eliminated by a special peritoneal ring attached to the cannula in a position that interrupted the continuity of the tubular scar tissue that formed from the intestine alongside the barrel to the skin. The cannula was supported by an outer ring held in place by a simple stainless steel retaining ring. The low external profile of the cannula minimized mechanical disturbance of the cannula and cannula site. Diet consumption and growth rates were normal, and no blockage was encountered in either the duodenal or the ileal cannula with a wide variety of diets, indicating that the cannula added no significant resistance to digesta flow. Total digesta collection or simultaneous collection and addition were easily accomplished with special collection gates. The cannula preparation has a long functional life; in one case, the cannula remained functional for more than 2 1/2 years. PMID- 7319957 TI - Blood lactate kinetics in normal and stress-susceptible pigs. AB - In vitro rates of lactate metabolism were determined in stress-susceptible (SS) and stress-resistant (SR) pigs. Three SR and three SS pigs were given 20 muCi of [U-14C] L-lactate by a single injection method and resting blood lactate kinetics were measured. Seventeen blood samples were taken during the 60 min after injection. Lactate was separated from the deproteinized plasma by silicic acid column chromatography, and specific radioactivity was determined. Kinetic characteristics were calculated from plots of specific activity versus time. Pigs met steady-state requirements during the sampling period. There were no differences in kinetic characteristics of resting SS and SR pigs. Later, a second isotope injection was given after 5 min of electrical stress. Lactate pool sizes increased similarly in both types of pigs after stress; however, SS pigs had greater plasma lactate concentrations after stress. It is concluded that SS and SR pigs respond differently to stress but have similar capacities to metabolize lactate while resting. PMID- 7319956 TI - Effect of monensin on breakdown of protein by ruminal microorganisms in vitro. AB - The effects of monensin on N metabolism by ruminal microorganisms in a semicontinuous culture system were determined. Rumen fluid inoculum was obtained from steers fed a hay-concentrate diet (60:40 ratio on a dry matter basis) containing 33 ppm monensin. Treatments were 0, 1 and 4 mg monensin/kg of incubation mixture, with starch, glucose, cellulose and casein used as the energy and protein sources. Casein degradation decreased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing levels of monensin, as did production of ammonia-N (P less than .05) and microbial N (P less than .01). Increases were observed in nonammonia, nonmicrobial N (P less than .01), alpha-amino N (P less than .10) an total peptides (P less than .001). The culture supernatant was fractionated on a Sephadex G-10 column to separate peptides. With the 4 mg/kg treatment, the percentage of the total ninhydrin positive material eluted at an elution volume:void volume ratio of 1.5 or less was greater than the percentage eluted with the 0 or 1 mg/kg treatments (P less than .025). Acetate production and molar proportion decreased (P less than .001), while propionate production was unchanged. Methane production decreased slightly (P less than .10). Cellulose degradation was markedly inhibited (P less than .001) by monensin treatment. PMID- 7319958 TI - Estimation of mineral content of the equine third metacarpal by radiographic photometry. PMID- 7319959 TI - Vitamin E for swine. PMID- 7319960 TI - The relationship between breed and litter size in sheep and maternal serum concentrations of placental lactogen, estradiol and progesterone. AB - Milk production in sheep is known to be affected by breed and litter size. To investigate a possible hormonal basis for such effects, we measured maternal serum concentrations of placental lactogen, estradiol and progesterone during late gestation in sheep of several breeds and ages. Circulating concentrations of placental lactogen were directly related to litter size in all breeds, with the greatest concentrations being observed in Finnish Landrace ewes bearing three lambs. Among monotocous animals, no significant breed differences were observed, but ewe lambs bearing crossbred fetuses had higher placental lactogen concentrations than ewes of the same breed carrying purebred offspring. Placental lactogen concentrations were similar in all animals bearing twins, except for Corriedale ewes, which had the lowest concentrations. Serum estradiol concentrations 2 to 5 weeks prepartum did not differ between ewes of different breeds or ewes with different litter sizes. Progesterone, like placental lactogen, was related to litter size and, presumably placental mass. The relationship between litter size and placental lactogen concentrations, together with the absence of difference in estradiol secretion, suggests that differences in production of the lactogenic hormone may contribute to the superior lactational performance that has been reported for ewes which bear multiple offspring. PMID- 7319961 TI - Clearance of serum cortisol in suckled and nonsuckled postpartum beef cows. AB - Clearance of cortisol from the sera of suckled (S) and nonsuckled (NS) beef cows was studied on days 14 +/- 1 and 28 +/- 1 (mean +/- SE) postpartum (periods 1 and 2, respectively). Eight multiparous Angus cows (325 kg to 445 kg) were assigned at calving to S (n = 4) and NS (n = 4) treatments. Basal cortisol concentrations tended to be higher (p less than .10) in S (19.0 +/- 1.3 ng/Ml) than in NS (12.9 +/- .9 ng/ml) cows across both periods. After administration of 20 mg of cortisol, serum cortisol concentrations increased (p less than .01) similarly in S and NS cows to 122.1 +/- 6.4 and 165.6 +/- 11.5 ng/Ml at 2 min postinjection at periods 1 and 2, respectively. Clearance of cortisol from the body was evaluated by biological half-life (t 1/2), volume of distribution (Vd) and total body clearance (TBC) of cortisol. Serum cortisol had a similar t 1/2 in S (32.5 +/- 2.3 min) and NS (29.2 +/- 3.2 min) cows and did not not differ between sampling periods. Vd did not differ (p greater than .3) between S (248 +/- 29 liters) and NS (199 +/- 14 liters) cows across both periods, but was greater (p less than .05) at period 1 than at period 2 for both S and NS cows. Total body clearance was similar in S (5.2 +/- .4 liters/min) and NS (5.0 +/- .6 liters/min) cows and was similar at both sampling periods. On the basis of these results, we conclude that clearance of cortisol from the serum was not affected by lactational status or by postpartum interval, but that the volume of distribution of cortisol in the body decreased during the postpartum period studied. PMID- 7319963 TI - Postnatal maternal effects on growth and fat deposition in mice selected for large and small size. AB - A crossfostering experiment involving lines of mice selected for large (L) and small (S) 6-week body weight was designed to determine correlated responses in direct genetic and postnatal maternal genetic effects and postnatal litter size effects on fat deposition at 6 weeks of age. The gonadal fat pad was used as an index of adiposity. The L line exceeded the S line in both direct genetic and postnatal maternal genetic effects on weight and percentage (of body weight) of the gonadal fat pad. Postnatal maternal genetic effects were about one-third as large as direct genetic effects. A prenatal line x postnatal line interaction for weight and percentage of gonadal fat was caused by the inability of S line dams to provide sufficient milk to maintain normal development of L line young. Further evidence supporting this hypothesis was the high mortality rate among L line young reared by S line dams when compared with the mortality in all other subgroups. Increasing postnatal litter size reduced weight and percentage of gonadal fat, but this factor was of less importance than direct genetic effects. In general, the relative importance of direct genetic, postnatal maternal genetic and postnatal litter size effects was similar for metric measures of growth (body weight, body length and tail length) and for adiposity (gonadal fat pad weight and percentage). Rate of gonadal fat pad development relative to body weight was higher in line L than in line S. At a constant body weight, however, line L mice had less fat than line S mice. PMID- 7319964 TI - Use of insecticide-impregnated ear tags for the control of face flies and horn flies on pastured cattle. AB - Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticide impregnated ear tags in controlling face flies, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, and horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Linn.), on pastured beef cattle. In one 16-week trial, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ear tags treated with stirofos (Rabon) insecticide reduced horn fly numbers by 79% (P less than .05) and face fly numbers by 30% (P less than .05). Coumaphos (Co-Ral) insecticide dust bags used in a separate herd produced an 86% (P less than .05) reduction in horn flies and an 18% (P less than .05) reduction in face flies. In the second study, 5 and 10% permethrin (Atroban), PVC-treated ear tags in a one-piece design were tested. In this 11 week trial, horn fly control averaged 95% (P less than .05) with the 10% tag and 77% (P less than .05) with the 5% tag. Face fly control averaged 49% (P less than .05) for 8 weeks with the 10% permethrin tag. No significant face fly control was achieved with the 5% permethrin tag. In a herd treated with coumaphos dust bags, horn fly control averaged 93% (P less than .05) and face fly control averaged 34% (P less than .05). The third study tested 5 and 10% permethrin, PVC treated ear tags in a two-piece design and two-piece 5% permethrin-treated ear tags in a polyurethane matrix. Fourteen-week horn fly control averaged 88% (P less than .05) with the 10% PVC-treated tag, 83% (P less than .05) with the 5% PVC-treated tag, 71% (P less than .05) with the 5% polyurethane-treated tag and 74% (P less than .05) with coumaphos dust bags. Face fly control averaged less than 50% (P greater than .05) throughout the trial with all treatments. PMID- 7319965 TI - Effects of prepartum protein restriction in the beef cow on immunoglobin content in blood and colostral whey and subsequent immunoglobin absorption by the neonatal calf. AB - Protein intake of first-calf beef heifers was restricted during the last 100 days of gestation, and the effects on passive transfer of colostral immunoglobins from the cow to the neonatal calf were examined. There were no significant correlations between concentration of immunoglobins (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2) in the sera or colostrum of the cow and prenatal crude protein consumption (.52 to .98 kg crude protein/day). Absorption of certain colostral immunoglobins (IgG1, and IgG2) by the calf were positively correlated (P less than .01) at 12, 18, 24 and 36 hr after birth to the maternal crude protein consumption. Colostrum was collected from the first milkings of pluriparous dairy cows, and then freeze dried, mixed and reconstituted to be equivalent to 1 liter of colostrum. Mean IgG1 concentrations for the high and low protein groups were 6.02 +/- .90 and .78 +/- .15 mg . ml-1 (P less than .01), respectively. No relationship (P greater than .05) was found between the concentration of IgM in calf sera and daily crude protein intake of the dam. These data indicate that there was a selective decrease in absorption of IgG1 and IgG2 in calves from heifers fed low protein prenatal diets. PMID- 7319962 TI - Effects of caesarean section, retained placenta and vaginal or uterine prolapse on subsequent fertility in beef cattle. AB - Data collected at the Livestock and Range Research Station, Miles City, Montana, on 13,296 calving from the years 1963 through 1977 were used to evaluate subsequent reproductive performance of dams experiencing caesarean section, retained placenta or vaginal or uterine prolapse. A total of 121 caesarean sections (.9% of all calvings) was performed from 1963 through 1977, with the highest incidence reported among first-calf 2- and 3-year-old dams. Fall pregnancy rate among the 105 dams that had caesarean deliveries was 52.4%, which was 26.6% lower (p less than .01) than the herd average. Fetal membranes were retained after 49 natural parturitions. Pregnancy rates among dams retaining fetal membranes were not significantly altered (82.2 vs 79.4%). A total of 153 calvings was associated with prolapse of the reproductive tract, including 124 (81.0%) vaginal prolapses and 29 (19.0%) uterine prolapses. Subsequent pregnancy rate of all dams experiencing prolapse was lower (p less than .01) than the herd average. Pregnancy rates following prolapse among primiparous and multiparous dams were 28.0 and 57.9%, respectively. These data indicate that caesarean section and vaginal or uterine prolapse result in significant reductions in subsequent pregnancy rates of affected dams, with no detrimental effect on dams retaining fetal membranes. PMID- 7319966 TI - Effects of early experience on the learning ability of yearling horses. AB - Twenty-four yearling Quarter Horse fillies were divided into three groups (I) very limited handling, (II) intermediate handling and (III) extensive handling. At about 14 months of age, each horse was preconditioned for 2 weeks and then run in a simple place-learning T-maze test in which it had to locate its feed. Thirty trials were run daily for 20 days, with the location of the feed changed each day. To retire from the maze, a horse had to meet the criterion: 11 correct responses in 12 tries, with the last eight being consecutive. Horses in Group II required the fewest trials to reach criterion. These horses also learned more and had the highest percentage of correct responses (P less than .05). Mean trainability tended to predict learning ability; however, trainability and trials to criterion were not significantly correlated. Mean emotionality scores indicated a tendency for horses in the intermediately handled group to be less emotional than those in Group I or III. Results indicated that horses with an intermediate amount of handling scored higher on an intermediate test of learning. All handled horses scored higher on learning tests than those not handled. PMID- 7319967 TI - Calving ease and growth rate of Simmental-sired calves. III. Direct and maternal effects. AB - Field records from the American Simmental Association were used to estimate genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects of traits associated with dystocia. Estimates of the additive genetic variances of direct and maternal effects and of the additive genetic covariances of direct and maternal effects were calculated by equating the sire variance component, maternal grandsire variance component and covariance component between sire and maternal grandsire to their biological causal components. Independent variables in the mixed-model, least-squares analyses were herd, sire or maternal grandsire of the calf, sex of calf and percentage Simmental in the calf. The dependent variables were calving ease (score), assisted births, birth weight and gestation length. Sire and maternal grandsire were significant sources of variation for all traits studied. Maternal grandsire accounted for two to three times more variation in calving ease and assisted births than did sire, whereas site accounted for a larger percentage of the total variation in birth weight and gestation length. Heritability estimates for the maternal effects were .20, .13, .10 and .09 for calving ease, assisted births, birth weight and gestation length, respectively. Genetic correlations between the direct and maternal effects were -.53, -.55, .24 and -.38 for calving ease, assisted births, birth weight and gestation length, respectively. The effect of these correlations on selection is discussed. PMID- 7319968 TI - Examination of a lognormal distribution equation for describing distributions of diameters of bovine adipocytes. AB - Samples of subcutaneous, intermuscular and mesenteric adipose tissues from beef steers were fixed with osmium tetroxide, and freed adipocytes were counted with an automatic particle counter to determine whether a lognormal distribution function would describe adipocyte size distributions more accurately than a normal distribution function. Modes and medians of size distributions generally were larger than means for adipocyte size distributions modeled with a lognormal distribution function. Normalized third and fourth moments of predicted lognormal distributions often were close to 0 and 3, respectively, which are expected values for a normally distributed population. Considerable variation was observed in the skewness of adipocyte size distributions. Both normal and lognormal models for adipocyte size distribution yielded similar means. The lognormal model yielded a greater standard deviation than the normal model for adipocyte size distributions. Smaller chi-square values were found for size distributions modeled with a lognormal than with a normal distribution function. Results suggest that a lognormal distribution function more accurately models the size distributions of bovine adipocytes. PMID- 7319969 TI - Antibody response and serum protein and immunoglobulin concentrations in pigs from sows fed different protein sequences during gestation and lactation. AB - Antibody response and serum protein and immunoglobulin concentrations in pigs from sows fed various crude protein sequences during gestation and lactation were studied over three consecutive parities at two locations. Each sow was placed on one of the following dietary crude protein sequences during gestation/lactation: (1) 14%/14%, (2) 12%/16% or (3) 9%/18%. Pig weights were recorded and blood samples taken at 1, 28, 42 and 49 days of age. Generally, body weight gain did not differ between pigs from sows fed different protein sequences. Sow protein sequence had no apparent influence on the pigs' ability to respond to a Salmonella H antigen (1.8 x 10(10) organisms/ml) intraperitoneally injected at 28 days of age when titers were determined 14 and 21 days later. Serum protein concentrations of progeny at 1, 28 and 49 days of age were not influenced by sow protein sequence, although pigs from sows given higher protein levels during lactation tended to have higher (P less than .10) concentrations at weaning (28 days). Serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were not different for pigs from sows on different protein sequences. However, during the first parity at one of the locations, serum IgG and IgA concentrations were elevated (P less than .01) in pigs in all groups, possibly because of transmissible gastroenteritis which interfered with the pig antibody response. Sow protein sequence had no effect on antibody response or serum immunoglobulin concentrations, and pigs from first litter gilts had a reduced ability to respond to a Salmonella H antigen. PMID- 7319970 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin C addition on performance, plasma vitamin C and hematic iron status in weanling pigs. AB - Each of 64 pigs weaned between 4 and 5 weeks of age was fed ad libitum one of four diets: (1) a basal 18% crude protein, corn-soybean meal-oats-dried whey starter diet or (2,3,4) the basal diet supplemented with 330, 660 or 990 ppm L ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The pigs were kept in groups of four and housed in an environmentally regulated nursery with a raised, expanded metal floor. The room temperature was maintained at 21 C and floor allowance was .54 m2/pig. After 28 days, dietary vitamin C supplementation had improved daily weight gain and daily feed intake of pigs without altering gain to feed ratio. Plasma vitamin C concentration decreased during the 4 weeks period after weaning in pigs not fed supplemental vitamin C but not in those fed supplemental vitamin C. Plasma Fe was reduced at day 28 in pigs given supplemental vitamin C. Simple correlation indicated a positive (P less than .05) relationship between plasma vitamin C concentration and weight gain and a negative (P less than .05) relationship between plasma vitamin C and plasma Fe concentration. Results obtained suggest that, under the experimental conditions, young pigs weaned between 4 and 5 weeks of age require dietary vitamin C supplementation for maximum weight gain and that the benefit of vitamin C addition may be related to Fe metabolism. PMID- 7319971 TI - Effect of maternal dietary energy source on glucose homeostasis, liver glycogen and carcass lipid in the neonatal pig. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of supplementary dietary energy (carbohydrate versus fat) fed to sows during late gestation on energy storage and glucose homeostasis in neonatal pigs. In the first experiment, 28 crossbred sows received one of two dietary treatments that were initiated on day 100 of gestation. The control group was fed daily 1.82 kg of a corn-soybean meal based diet plus an additional .18 kg of cornstarch. Their counterparts were fed 1.82 kg of a corn-soybean meal diet containing 8% bleachable fancy tallow. The effect of maternal dietary energy source during late gestation on glucose homeostasis was evaluated by fasting pigs from birth (t0), whereas the gestation lactation effect was evaluated by fasting pigs after they had nursed the sow for 24 hr (t24). Pigs on the tallow treatment responded differently to the t0 fast, as determined by the patterns of plasma glucose (treatment x time, P less than .05) and free fatty acids (treatment x time, P less than .10). The tallow group maintained a slightly higher glucose concentration during the initial 24 hr, after which no difference was observed. Control pigs reached a peak free fatty acid (FFA) concentration by 12 hr, whereas the tallow group reached a maximum by 24 hr, which corresponded with declining glucose concentration. Pigs on the t24 tallow treatment maintained a slightly higher plasma glucose concentration during the initial 24 hr of fasting (12 hr - 68.3 vs 63.2 mg/100 ml; 24 hr - 67.1 vs 56.3 mg/100 ml); however, no significant treatment effect or treatment x time interaction was observed. Pigs on the tallow treatment maintained a higher, although not significantly different, plasma FFA concentration during the fast (144 mueq/liter) than pigs in the control group (126 mueq/liter). In the second experiment, progeny of 12 sows were sacrificed immediately after birth. The respective carcass lipid (percentage) and liver glycogen (milligrams/gram) concentrations for pigs from sows fed the control and tallow diets were 1.48, 229.1 vs 1.50, 234.9. The liver glycogen to body weight ratio (milligrams:gram) was 7.1 and 7.8 for the control and tallow groups, respectively. PMID- 7319972 TI - Effects of zeranol on growth and ease of calf delivery in beef heifers. PMID- 7319973 TI - Restoration of reproductive capacity of stallions after suppression with exogenous testosterone. AB - Twelve stallions that had been given 0, 50 or 200 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP)/kg body weight every other day for 88 days were examined for the effects of androgen withdrawal on spermatozoal production, seminal quality and libido. Although the lower dosage did not affect most of the traits studied, the higher dosage severely reduced scrotal width, spermatozoal production, the number of sperm per ejaculate, the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa and the percentage of normal spermatozoa. These adverse effects were found to be largely reversible. By 90 days after the cessation of treatment, scrotal width, testicular weight and spermatozoal production were similar for treated and control stallions. Although the number of sperm per ejaculate remained lower for stallions given 200 micrograms TP than for controls during the recovery period, the number of sperm in the extragonadal ducts was similar for all groups after 90 days of recovery. Spermatozoal motility and morphological characteristics were normal for all three groups by the end of the recovery period. Libido was not affected by TP treatment or withdrawal. PMID- 7319974 TI - Selenium and reproductive function in boars fed a low selenium diet. AB - A study was conducted with 24 crossbred boars (77.5 +/- 2.8 days of age) to determine the effects of low Se status on various spermatozoal characteristics and on Se concentration in semen, serum and primary and accessory reproductive tissues. All boars were fed a low Se diet (cornstarch and Torula yeast) ad libitum. Twelve boars were injected every 14 +/- 1 days with sodium selenite (.33 mg Se/kg body weight) and 12 served as saline-treated controls (low Se status). At 210 +/- 5 days of age, six boars in each group were slaughtered, and serum and various tissues were collected and assayed for Se. Treated boars had higher concentrations of Se in the serum (P less than .001), kidney (P less than .001), liver (P less than .001), heart (P less than .001), skeletal muscle (P less than .01), testis (P less than .01), epididymis (P less than .05), seminal vesicle (P less than .01), bulbourethral gland (P less than .001) and prostate (P less than .001) tissues. Starting at 230 +/- 4 days of age, semen samples were collected from the remaining boars at 4- to 6-day intervals until a total of four ejaculates had been obtained from all but two boars. There were no significant treatment differences in semen volume, percentage normal spermatozoa, percentage viability or spermatozoa concentration/milliliter; however, for combined semen Se data, treated boars had more Se than control boars in the whole semen (.165 vs .07 ppm, respectively), spermatozoa (.418 vs .199 micrograms/10(9) spermatozoa, respectively) and seminal plasma (.03 vs .007 ppm, respectively). The boars were castrated around 250 days of age, and no differences in testis length, diameter, weight and spermatozoal concentration were found between groups. Additionally, there were no apparent differences in daily gain, daily feed consumed and the feed to gain ratio between control and treated boars. Although concentrations of Se in serum, semen and reproductive tissues were much lower in control boars than in treated boars, no apparent impairment of sperm morphology or viability resulted from low Se status. PMID- 7319975 TI - American Society of Animal Science. Abstracts. PMID- 7319976 TI - Treatment of pyogenic osteomyelitis. PMID- 7319977 TI - Chlamydial ocular infection. PMID- 7319978 TI - Rapid determination of the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics with Sensititre plates and nitroblue tetrazolium. PMID- 7319979 TI - Antileishmanial activity of amphotericin and other antifungal agents entrapped in liposomes. PMID- 7319980 TI - Comparative effects of clindamycin and clindamycin metabolites in the hamster model of antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 7319981 TI - Clinical and pharmacokinetic comparison of cefuroxime sodium and cefuroxime lysine in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 7319982 TI - Effect of probenecid on renal elimination of cefoxitin. PMID- 7319983 TI - Interaction of beta-lactam antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 7319984 TI - Serum metronidazole levels following rectal administration. PMID- 7319985 TI - Interstitial concentration of antibiotics. PMID- 7319986 TI - Current practice in penicillin dosing. PMID- 7319987 TI - Peak or sustained antibiotic serum levels for optimal tissue penetration. PMID- 7319988 TI - Tissue levels after administration of bacampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin, and comparisons with other aminopenicillins: a review. PMID- 7319989 TI - The antibacterial effects of low concentrations of antibiotics and host defence factors: a review. PMID- 7319990 TI - Principles of tissue penetration of antibiotics. PMID- 7319991 TI - Direct and indirect effects of antibiotics on granulocyte activity. PMID- 7319992 TI - Auditory discrimination learning by the chinchilla: comparison of go/no go and two-choice procedures. PMID- 7319993 TI - Psychoacoustic and experiential determinants of tonal consonance. AB - Theories of tonal consonance have primarily sought to explain consonance of chords smaller than the octave drawn from the conventional semitone musical scale. Critical evaluation of such theories requires a new body of data. The present study reports consonance ratings for two-tone chords drawn from a quartertone scale and for chords larger than an octave as well as for the chords normally studied. Subjects were drawn from undergraduate psychology courses without preselection for musical aptitude or background. The results were compared with predictions derived from several current theories: psychoacoustic models, in which consonance is attributed to a lack of dissonance or harshsounding pairs of components, and a psychological complexity model which relates consonance to the perceived simplicity of the stimulus. The latter theory, which makes allowance for the unfamiliarity of quartertone chords and for the equivalence of extra-octave and within-octave chords, provided the best qualitative account of the data. It was concluded that a valid theory of tonal consonance must acknowledge the effects of musical experience on musical judgment. PMID- 7319994 TI - The expanding-image effect: the concept on tonal volume revisited. PMID- 7319995 TI - Use of common morphemes by hearing-impaired children exposed to a system of manual English. AB - Severely hearing-impaired children (11 boys, 9 girls), whose educational procedures included the use of Seeing Essential English (SEE) were given an experimental task designed to test their use of 8 common inflectional morphemes: plural /s/, possessive /s/, present tense singular /s/, past tense /ed/, present progressive /ing/, adjectival and adverbial /ly/, comparative /er/, and superlative /est/. Each child read 20 sentences composed of primer and first grade level words, and circled 1 of 4 word choices to fill in a missing word in each sentence. All 4 word choices had the same root. Responses were analyzed relative to chronological age, sex, degree of hearing loss, duration of exposure to SEE, reading level, and consistency of teacher usage of SEE. Performance appeared to be most dependent on sex, reading level, and teacher consistency. Although these factors were confounded, results indicate that teacher consistency in usage of SEE may be the major determiner of performance on the task. PMID- 7319996 TI - Message comprehension as a function of intelligibility and advance knowledge of the topic. AB - The relationship was investigated between estimated intelligibility (EI) and message comprehension (ability to answer questions presented at various levels of intelligibility). In Exper. I, 10 young adults identified the S/N ratio they associated with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% intelligibility for easy story material in speech-shaped noise at a constant 75 db SPL; subsequently, at the S/N's thus determined, comprehension was measured with easy short-answer questions. There was a very strong relationship between EI and comprehension, suggesting that the two were more or less synonomous. In Exper. II, comprehension with easy short answer questions was measured at EI's of 25, 50, and 75% when each question was preceded by relevant, irrelevant, or no cues to the general topic of the question. Relevant cues had a positive effect which was significant at the 25 and 75% EI levels. The suggestion from Exper. I on the identity of EI and comprehension was modified to show that EI levels are a psychoacoustic variable which can be used to identify a regular decrease in comprehension when the speech signal is progressively masked by speech-shaped noise, but that the actual level and rate of decrease in intelligibility is a function of other factors, including psycholinguistic features of the message itself. PMID- 7319997 TI - Risk of advanced heart block during surgery in patients with bifascicular block. PMID- 7319998 TI - Prenylamine (segontin) induced resistant ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 7319999 TI - Correlation of serum cholesterol levels and incidence of myocardial infarction with dietary onion and garlic eating habits. PMID- 7320000 TI - Serum ornithine carbamyl transferase (OCT) activity in viral hepatitis. PMID- 7320001 TI - Viral hepatitis with pregnancy. PMID- 7320002 TI - Congenital factor XIII deficiency. PMID- 7320003 TI - Toxic myocarditis with resultant arrhythmias due to scorpion sting. PMID- 7320004 TI - Bardet Biedl syndrome: a case report with special reference to studies on hypothalamo-pituitary testicular axis. PMID- 7320005 TI - Contraceptive pills and acute pancreatitis. PMID- 7320006 TI - A case report of virilising adrenal cortical carcinoma. PMID- 7320007 TI - Histoplasmosis-a case report. PMID- 7320008 TI - "White forelock"-an embarassing curiosity. PMID- 7320009 TI - Effects of tromaril on G-6-PD deficient red cells (japi 28: 49-51 1980): in vitro studies. PMID- 7320010 TI - [Xerography and ultrasonography in soft tissue pathology]. PMID- 7320011 TI - Pitfalls in ultrasound. PMID- 7320012 TI - [Interest of echography in thyroidal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320013 TI - [Limitations of clinical and radiological examination in the diagnosis of small breast cancers: 27 missed cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320014 TI - [Ultrasonic control of normal pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320016 TI - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as a solitary laryngeal tumour. PMID- 7320015 TI - [Radiologic demonstration of pelvic abscess associated with I.U.D. (Dalkon Shield) in two patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320017 TI - Renal malakoplakia: ultrasonic and computed appearances. PMID- 7320018 TI - A collaborative assay of the proposed second International Standard for Pertussis Vaccine and of the proposed first British Standard for Pertussis Vaccine. PMID- 7320019 TI - A reversed rocket electrophoresis method for the determination of high tetanus antitoxin levels. PMID- 7320020 TI - Sensitivity of immune adherence haemagglutination in detection of measles antibody in vaccinated and naturally immune individuals. PMID- 7320021 TI - Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of three inactivated influenza virus vaccines in children. PMID- 7320022 TI - Determination of antibody to measles virus by a fluoroimmunoassay (FIAX). PMID- 7320023 TI - Standardization of BCG vaccine by bacterial weight: variables influencing the uniformity of the product. PMID- 7320024 TI - The second international reference preparation for human serum immunoglobulin E and the first British standard for human serum immunoglobulin E. PMID- 7320025 TI - A clinical study of stabilized 17D strain live attenuated yellow fever vaccine. PMID- 7320026 TI - Quantification of tetanus antitoxin by toxin neutralization test in mice. A comparison between lethal and paralytic techniques. PMID- 7320027 TI - Use of a hand-carved silicone-rubber spacer for advanced Kienbock's disease. AB - We found that the use of a hand-carved silicone-rubber (Silastic) spacer was reasonably effective in relieving symptoms in thirty-six patients with advanced Kienbock's disease, even though there was still some residual postoperative loss of wrist motion and grip strength. Preoperatively all patients had pain and limited motion of the wrist as well as weakness of grip. Roentgenographically all had fragmentation and collapse of the lunate, and 92 per cent had measurable carpal collapse. Most had had symptoms for longer than one year. After removal of the deformed lunate through a dorsal incision, a silicone-rubber spacer was shaped to fit the defect. Patients were followed for an average of fifty-four months. Thirty-two patients were followed for at least two years; all but three were improved. This procedure is not recommended when the shape of the lunate is normal or not significantly altered, or when the lunate has not collapsed as measured by precise determinants. PMID- 7320028 TI - The kinesiology of the thumb trapeziometacarpal joint. AB - To measure the motions of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb quantitatively, a roentgenographic method was developed and tested using T-shaped metal markers, a special cassette-holder, and biplane roentgenograms. Two experiments were performed. In the first one, the metal markers were fixed to the trapezium and third metacarpal in ten cadaver specimens, and a fixed spatial relationship between the trapezium and the third metacarpal was identified roentgenographically. This relationship was that the reference axes of the trapezium were aligned at median angles of 48 degrees of flexion, 38 degrees of abduction, and 80 degrees of pronation with reference to the reference axes of the third metacarpal. In the second experiment, in the dominant hand of nine male and ten female subjects (average age, twenty-six years) T-shaped markers were fixed to the skin overlying the third metacarpal and the metacarpal and phalanges of the thumb. Using the same roentgenographic technique and coordinate systems employed in the first study, the average total motions of the trapeziometacarpal joint (determined as motions of the first metacarpal with reference to the third metacarpal) were 53 degrees of flexion-extension, 42 degrees of abduction adduction, and 17 degrees of axial rotation (pronation-supination). In addition, six functional positions of the thumb were studied: rest, flexion, extension, abduction, tip pinch, and grasp. A position of adduction and flexion of the trapeziometacarpal joint was most common during thumb function, and both the trapeziometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints contributed to rotation of the thumb. PMID- 7320029 TI - Plantar release in the correction of deformities of the foot in childhood. AB - One hundred and ninety-one feet with residual cavovarus deformities from club foot or poliomyelitis were treated by a plantar release followed by correction with serial cast application. Roentgenographically, there was significant improvement in the adduction of the fore part of the foot and the cavus deformity, but the varus angulation of the hind part of the foot did not improve. In children more than six years old with deformities resulting from club foot, the plantar release was particularly effective in alleviating residual cavus deformity. In cavus deformity resulting from poliomyelitis, preliminary data indicate a positive effect in feet with pure cavus deformity and cavus deformity associated with equinus angulation of the hind part of the foot, while the results in feet with a cavus deformity and associated calcaneal deformity of the hind part of the foot typically were unsatisfactory. PMID- 7320030 TI - Partial fibulectomy for ununited fractures of the tibia. AB - Despite the improved rate of union reported with early weight-bearing in tibial shaft fractures, there continues to be a small number of patients with delayed union and non-union who present a dilemma to the surgeons. Partial fibular ostectomy (fibulectomy) is one means of promoting union in ununited fractures of the tibia. Fifty-one patients at our hospital underwent that treatment between December 1, 1971 and June 30, 1979, at twenty to fifty-nine weeks after the date of injury. Following the partial fibulectomy, 77 per cent of the tibial fractures healed. Failure of union after fibulectomy was associated with either failure of the patient to bear weight postoperatively, the presence of a true pseudarthrosis at the fracture site, or previous prolonged treatment of the initial fracture with external fixation. Partial fibulectomy proved to be a relatively effective and simple method for the treatment of ununited fractures of the tibial shaft. PMID- 7320031 TI - A new technique of fusion for tuberculous arthritis of the elbow. AB - Of eleven patients with tuberculosis of the elbow who were operated on using a new technique, six were followed for two years or more. This technique (which includes debridement and total synovectomy, excision of the radial head, insertion of the triangularly shaped olecranon into a correspondingly shaped hole in the distal end of the humerus, fixation of the humerus and ulna with a single screw, medial and lateral epicondylectomy, and anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve) provides superior bone contact and firm internal fixation without the need for bone grafts. Solid fusion resulted in the six patients who were followed for two years or more. The only complications observed in all eleven patients were transient ulnar-nerve hypoesthesia in one patient and a tourniquet paralysis in an other, both of which resolved. The advantages of the procedure are that the fixation is stable; bone-grafting is not required; adequate joint debridement, including anterior synovectomy, is possible after the radial head is excised; and to date no pseudarthrosis has occurred. PMID- 7320032 TI - Spine deformity subsequent to acquired childhood spinal cord injury. AB - The cases of forty children who had incurred a spinal cord injury between birth and the age of eighteen years were reviewed at two to 26.8 years (mean, ten years) after injury. In all of the twenty-five patients who were injured prior to the adolescent growth spurt paralytic spinal deformity developed; in twenty-four (96 per cent) of them it was progressive. Scoliosis developed in twenty-three (92 per cent); kyphosis, in sixteen (64 per cent); and excessive lumbar lordosis, in five (20 per cent). Management of the spinal deformities by bracing was difficult, and seventeen patients (68 per cent) required spine fusion, usually to the sacrum. Complications were frequent. All of the fifteen patients who were injured after the onset of the adolescent growth spurt had sustained a spinal fracture or fracture-dislocation. Nine (60 per cent) had an acute angular thoracic or thoracolumbar fracture kyphosis and seven (47 per cent) had progressive fracture kyphosis. A history of a thoracic and thoracolumbar laminectomy always was associated with increased kyphosis progression. Six (40 per cent) of these patients required spinal stabilization, usually for unstable injuries and progressive post-laminectomy deformity. Progressive paralytic spinal deformity was uncommon in the postadolescent patient. PMID- 7320033 TI - Total hip replacement in patients younger than thirty years old. A five-year follow-up study. PMID- 7320034 TI - Fracture of the ipsilateral femur in patients wih total hip replacement. AB - The records of all patients who had had a total hip replacement complicated to a fracture of the ipsilateral femur in the intraoperative or postoperative period were collected from six London and Toronto teaching hospitals. Thirty-five patients (thirty-seven fractures) were studied to determine the effects of the fracture on the total hip replacement. The results of the total hip replacement ultimately were rated as satisfactory in fourteen patients (40 per cent) and unsatisfactory in twenty-one patients (60 per cent). Our study suggests that fractures proximal to the tip of the prosthetic stem that occur postoperatively should be treated conservatively if the prosthesis is intact. If subsequent symptomatic loosening develops, a revision can be done after the fracture has healed. Intraoperative fractures that occur proximal to the tip of the prosthesis and all fractures occurring at or distal to the tip should be stabilized surgically. The best results were obtained using a long-stem prosthesis supplemented with internal fixation of the fracture. If rigid fixation is not achieved at surgery, postoperative immobilization is required. Fractures entirely distal to the tip of the prosthesis do not result in prosthetic loosening and may be treated in a routine fashion if care is taken to avoid unnecessary areas of stress concentration. PMID- 7320035 TI - Retrieval and analysis of intramedullary rods. AB - We examined ten intramedullary rods of similar design after routine retrieval from patients. Of these ten rods, four were found to exhibit cracking around their proximal third. This behavior could not be attributed to the surgical techniques employed or to the length of time in vivo of these rods. Rather, the cracking was a function of both the metal alloy used and the method of manufacture, which occasionally allowed a weld zone to be located at the point of maximum stress with the result that cracking occurred. A change in alloy composition to a low-carbon form of 316 stainless steel probably would reduce the risk of cracking. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the treatment of orthopaedic disorders, it is important for the operating physician to appreciate the problems that may be encountered in using implants. One of the most important of these problems is the possibility of implant failure. The present report illustrates how a combination of both metallurgical and fabrication factors may cause such an event to occur. PMID- 7320036 TI - Changes in the gait patterns of growing children. AB - We observed the gait patterns, including time and distance measurements and ground reaction forces, of fifty-one normal children. Thirty-three children were retested once at one, three, six, nine, or twelve months, over a two-year period, for a total of eighty-four gait observations. Time and distance measurements and foot-ground reaction force measurements were found to be dependent on walking speed and the age of the child. An increase in height with age was found to be the major factor in determining the changes in time and distance measurements with age. For example, we found that average stride length was 76 per cent of the child's height at a walking speed of 1.04 meters per second regardless of the child's age. In contrast, the three components of foot-ground reaction force (vertical, lateral, and forward directions) were observed to vary with age up to five years even when normalized. After the age of five years an adult pattern of ground reaction force emerged. In addition, we found that walking patterns of children who were more than found years old did not vary when retested within a three-month period. However, for children less than four years old, measurements were found to change due to growth during the three-month period to retesting. Similar changes due to growth were found in children more than four years old who were tested at intervals more than three months apart. This important finding may be clinically useful in the study of the effects of treatment. PMID- 7320037 TI - Functional differentiation within the tensor fasciae latae. A telemetered electromyographic analysis of its locomotor roles. AB - Electromyograms recorded by three or four fine-wire bipolar electrodes inserted along a transverse line across the right tensor fasciae latae of ten normal adults (five men and five women, twenty to thirty-six years old) during a standardized series of exercises and locomotor activities demonstrated different functional roles for the anteromedial and posterolateral fibers of the muscle. Although anatomical dissections in six normal cadavera demonstrated that the force of contraction of the tensor fasciae latae could be transmitted to the knee by the iliotibial tract, the observed activity of this muscle can be explained completely in terms of its action at the hip. The anteromedial fibers have a greater mechanical advantage for hip flexion than do the posterolateral fibers, whereas the posterolateral fibers possess a better mechanical advantage for hip abduction and internal rotation. During walking the anteromedial fibers were electromyographically silent, whereas the posterolateral fibers were active near heel-strike. For all subjects, increased locomotor velocity (during jogging, running, and sprinting) was associated both with increased activity of the anteromedial fibers near toe-off apparently to assist deceleration of extension and acceleration of flexion of the thigh, and with increased activity of the posterolateral fibers at heel-strike. PMID- 7320038 TI - Operational and financial aspects of a hospital bone bank. AB - Although bone banks have existed for many years, the elements of organizing and maintaining a hospital bone bank have not been well documented. The experience with a bone bank at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1971 and 1980 provides a model on which to base an explanation and discussion of methods of procurement, storage, and retrieval, and the costs associated with such a facility. In 1979, the procurement rate averaged one donor per month; during that year a total of ninety-one bones were stored and six different surgeons utilized more than twenty allografts from the bank. During the same year, the approximate cost of maintaining the bank was more than $50,000. On the basis of the number of bones used, the cost averaged more than $2000 per implant. Such a hospital facility offers the benefits of quality control of the banked bone but is expensive and may not be feasible for many hospitals. PMID- 7320039 TI - Fracture of a silastic radial-head prosthesis: diagnosis and localization of fragments by xerography. A case report. PMID- 7320040 TI - Dorsal dislocation of the lunate with carpal collapse. Report of two cases. PMID- 7320041 TI - Flexor hallucis tendinitis in a ballet dancer. A case report. PMID- 7320043 TI - Hip adductor transfer compared with adductor tenotomy in cerebral palsy. PMID- 7320042 TI - Thrombosis of the popliteal artery in a jogger. A case report. PMID- 7320044 TI - Fractures in lower limbs with prior amputation. PMID- 7320045 TI - A method for minimizing the radiation exposure from scoliosis radiographs. PMID- 7320046 TI - Surgical treatment of the thoraco-abdominal aneurysms. AB - Three thoraco-abdominal aneurysms treated surgically are presented. They were operated between July 1975 and February 1978. The different surgical-techniques are emphasized, which in turn allow us to comment on the complications that these types of patients may have. All our three patients were operated following the "Retrograde Revascularization Technique" proposed by Dubost. We think that the ischemic time of the visceral arteries is less than following the more simplified, less time consuming and perhaps less traumatic "Graft Inclusion and Direct Vessel Reattachment Crawford-Technique". The incidence of paraplegia can be reduced by maintaining normal blood pressure and reattaching intercostal and lumbar arteries to the graft. Two of our patients survived without presenting any complication in the last four years. The third died in the immediate postoperative period, due to insoluble coagulation problems after massive blood transfusion during surgery. PMID- 7320047 TI - Generalized hypoplastic aortopathy, successfully treated by ascending aorta aorto iliac bypass. Case report with eight years follow-up. AB - An extremely unusual and possibly unique case of generalized aortopathy is presented, with discussion referring to bizarre features encountered such as extensive involvement of aortic trunk, histopathology observed and operative technique. The latter was performed by means of by pass from ascending aorta down to the level of aorto-iliac bifurcation. Eight years following surgical reconstruction, the patient remains asymptomatic, with the graft functioning well. PMID- 7320048 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of the aorto-iliac segment. AB - Eighty-five patients (169 limbs) were studied in the Noninvasive Vascular Laboratory at the Lahey Clinic as part of a preoperative evaluation for arterial insufficiency. Segmental Doppler systolic pressures and peak velocity waveform analysis using a directional Doppler were performed on all patients. Normal velocity waveforms demonstrated forward flow during systole, reverse flow during the first half of diastole and a return to forward flow again during the latter part of diastole (triphasic flow). Significantly abnormal waveforms did not demonstrate reverse flow during the first half of diastole (monophasic flow). A significantly abnormal angiogram showed a greater than 50% stenosis in the aorto iliac segment. A comparison of Doppler velocity waveforms with arteriograms showed a 96% correlation. Most errors in our study were technical; related to the assumption that the inguinal skin crease marked the location of the inguinal ligament and the origin of the common femoral artery. In these instances, the superficial femoral artery not the common femoral artery was sampled. Common sources of false positive studies were severe outflow obstruction or recent surgery to the common femoral artery, both showing a loss of laminar flow and a monophasic waveform. Patients who demonstrate reverse flow in the common femoral artery by directional Doppler examination had adequate inflow to support a femoral-popliteal or femoral-femoral by pass graft. Patients with monophasic flow had either inadequate aorto-iliac segments, recent surgery to the common femoral artery or severe outflow obstruction. Supportive data will be presented in detail. PMID- 7320049 TI - Access operation for chemotherapy and dialysis using freeze-preserved vein allografts. AB - Freeze-preserved vein allografts were used to perform 25 angioaccess operations, 17 for dialysis and 8 for chemotherapy purposes. The freeze preserved vein allograft has proved to be relatively cheap, highly dependable graft material, with a high patency rate and a low incidence of complications. Anticoagulation, while unnecessary in the dialysis patients, is recommended in the oncological group. PMID- 7320050 TI - Aneurysm of the anterior jugular vein. AB - Aneurysms of the anterior jugular vein are rare. This case report describes such an abnormality. In this instance, microscopic study showed abnormal distribution of elastic and muscular fibers along the wall of the vessel. These findings and corroboration of these findings in other similar cases suggest a congenital etiology for the abnormality. The existence of venous aneurysms as a true pathologic feature is confirmed. PMID- 7320051 TI - Long term follow-up of prophylactic caval clipping. AB - 120 high risk patients who underwent prophylactic inferior vena cava clipping were retrospectively evaluated to determine the incidence of post clipping leg swelling and pulmonary embolism. Each one of those patients had at least two criteria for the clipping. These criteria of high risk factors were precisely identified. There were two patients who had postoperative pulmonary embolism but none of them was fatal, i.e. less than two per cent. Two patients developed severe leg swelling (less than two per cent) and six had mild leg swelling (less than six per cent). Prophylactic inferior vena cava clipping is a safe and effective mean to prevent post-operative pulmonary embolism. PMID- 7320052 TI - The use of TDMAC-heparin shunt in the closure of a calcified patent ducts arteriosus. PMID- 7320053 TI - Splenorenal saphenous vein graft for left renal artery revascularization. PMID- 7320054 TI - Hemodynamics during experimental induced cardiac tamponade in minipigs. PMID- 7320055 TI - Penetration of gentamicin into heart valves, subcutaneous and muscular tissue of patients undergoing open heart surgery. AB - Concentrations of gentamicin in plasma, heart valves, subcutaneous tissue and muscle were determined in 38 patients undergoing open heart surgery. Gentamicin reached peak levels in plasma and tissue within 60 min after a 5 min intravenous bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg body weight. Subcutaneous and muscle concentrations varied between 0.51 microgram/g and 2.1 microgram/g. Gentamicin peak concentrations in cardiac valvar tissue wre 3.6 mug/g between 2 and 5 hours after administration; gentamicin heart valve concentrations varied between 1.2 microgram/g and 1.59 microgram/g. Gentamicin tissue concentrations during open heart surgery are high enough to inhibit most Klebsiella/Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis strains. However Gentamicin heart valve concentrations do not exceed 1.5 microgram/g for more than 1 h, which may explain treatment failures of patients with endocarditis. PMID- 7320056 TI - Perforation of the left ventricle using a sutureless screw-in epicardial electrode. PMID- 7320057 TI - Emergence of hamster fibroblast tumors in nude mice--evidence for in vivo selection leading to loss of growth factor requirement. AB - The Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cell line (CC139) has high anchorage dependence for growth and has retained the high serum dependence of secondary cultures of adult fibroblasts. This cell line is tumorigenic in nude mice; however, the resulting tumor cells have different properties than those of the cell line injected. The tumor-derived cells had strongly reduced or even lost both the high anchorage and the high serum dependence of CC139 cells. This finding suggests that an in vivo selection is necessary for CC139 cells to acquire the malignant phenotype. After mutagenesis, which increases the frequency of CC139 colony formation in agarose up to 8-fold, we selected and analyzed 15 anchorage-independent colonies. No correlation between the colony-forming ability in agarose and serum-growth factor requirement for DNA synthesis was observed. Each of these clones were injected into nude mice and the growth factor dependence of the ensuing tumor cells was compared to that of corresponding injected cells. All of the anchorage-independent colonies with the exception of one (A71), had acquired in vivo a stable phenotype allowing for partial or total escape of growth factor requirement. A71, the only clone which maintained the same growth factor requirement after two passages in vivo (A71 T1 and A71 T2) had already gained, in vitro, the minimal growth factor "relaxation" compatible with in vivo growth. A71 and A71 T1 tumor cells arrested in G0/G1 can reinitiate DNA synthesis in the presence of mouse plasma, low concentrations of serum, or thrombin. The fact that none of the tumors analyzed (more than 20) were found to have retained the high serum dependence of CC139 cells strongly suggests that the partial loss of serum growth factor requirement acquired in vivo is an essential malignant character for bypassing the hormonal growth restraints imposed by the host upon CC139 cells. PMID- 7320058 TI - The role of protein accumulation in the cell cycle control of human NHIK 3025 cells. AB - The cell cycle kinetics of NHIK 3025 cells, synchronized by mitotic selection, was studied in the presence of cycloheximide at concentrations (0.125-1.25 microM) which inhibited protein synthesis partially and slowed down the rate of cell cycle traverse. The median cell cycle duration was equal to the protein doubling time in both the control cells and in the cycloheximide-treated cultures at all drug concentrations. This conclusion was valid whether protein synthesis was continuously depressed by cycloheximide throughout the entire cell cycle, or temporarily inhibited during shorter periods at various stages of the cell cycle. These results may indicate that cell division does not take place before the cell has reached a critical size, or has completed a protein accumulation-dependent sequence of events. When present throughout the cell cycle, cycloheximide increased the median G1 duration proportionally to the total cell cycle prolongation. However, the entry of cells into S, once initiated, proceeded at an almost unaffected rate even at cycloheximide concentrations which reduced the rate of protein synthesis 50%. The onset of DNA synthesis seemed to take place in the cycloheximide-treated cells at a time when the protein content was lower than in the control cells. This might suggest that DNA synthesis in NHIK 3025 cells is not initiated at a critical cell mass. PMID- 7320059 TI - Mechanism of glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of murine erythroid colony formation in vitro. PMID- 7320060 TI - Adhesive substrates for fibronectin. AB - In order to promote cell attachment, fibronectin must first undergo activation by a suitable substrate. In this study, 52 materials have been surveyed for their ability a) to bind fibronectin, b) to activate the cell-adhesive property of fibronectin, and c) to support the growth of cells. Many plastics, polysaccharides, metals, and ceramics were found to support cell growth as well as the fibronectin-dependent attachment of cells. Several other substrates have been identified that were inactive in promoting either cell attachment or growth. Hydrophobic substrates were found to be active in fibronectin activation, whereas hydrophilic substrates were found to be inactive. Since fibronectin binds to substrata of extremely varied chemical composition, it is clear that the binding of fibronectin to such substrata is nonspecific in nature. Since protein pretreatment of all substrata, except collagen and poly(L-lysine), abolished the physical binding of fibronectin, the binding of fibronectin to artificial substrata is probably ascribable to a nonspecific hydrophobic protein-substratum interaction. In contrast, several lines of evidence indicate that the interaction between fibronectin and collagen displays biological specificity. Poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate)(poly(HEMA)), which has previously been shown to be nonadhesive for cells, is demonstrated here to be unique in its inability to bind fibronectin. Addition of one part per million of an adhesive polymer to poly(HEMA) permits fibronectin binding to occur. PMID- 7320061 TI - Cell cycle-specific glucocorticoid growth regulation of a human cell line (NHIK 3025). AB - It has been reported that the human cell line NHIK 3025 has a specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor. When these cells were exposed to glucocorticoids, the cell cycle time was prolonged. Cells, synchronized by mitotic selection, were subjected to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone throughout the cell cycle. Only cells exposed in the first half of G1 phase had a lengthened cell cycle time. Most of the prolongation was also located within the G1 phase. The dexamethasone growth inhibition was reversible and could be detected only in the cell cycle where the cells were exposed to the steroid. DNA histograms of asynchronous cells were recorded by flow cytometry at various times after steroid exposure. These histograms also showed G1 phase sensitivity and G1 phase prolongation after exposure to dexamethasone. Our results thus indicate that these cells have a dexamethasone-sensitive restriction point in mid-G1 phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 7320062 TI - Effect of dexamethasone, ammonium ions, and serum-deprivation on intracellular proteolysis in cultured muscle cells. PMID- 7320063 TI - Comparative ultrastructure of eyespot membranes in gametes and zoospores of the green alga Ulva lactuca (Ulvales). AB - Eyespot membranes in zoospores, and male and female gametes of the green alga Ulva lactuca, were studied comparatively by the freeze-fracture technique. The plasmalemma and the outer chloroplast envelope membrane overlying the eyespot lipid globules are specialized in all 3 types of reproductive cells. In the eyespot region the protoplasmic face (PF) of the outer chloroplast envelope membrane contains significantly more intramembraneous particles (IMP) compared to membrane areas outside the eyespot: in female gametes there are 2.5 times more IMP/micrometers 2, in zoospores 3 and in male gametes about 4. Small size-class IMP (4--6 nm diameter) are particularly abundant on both fracture faces of the outer chloroplast membrane, but size-class distribution is not significantly different between membrane areas inside and outside the eyespot region. The total number of IMP/eyespot on the PF of the outer chloroplast membrane was calculated to be 4900 in male gametes, 5500 in female gametes and 11 200 in zoospores. The results are discussed in accordance with the view that these membrane specializations participate in photoreception relating to green algal phototaxis. Evidence is presented that there is a correlation between IMP numbers per eyespot in the outer chloroplast envelope membrane and the different phototactic behaviour of gametes compared to zoospores in Ulva. PMID- 7320064 TI - The proportion of ribosomes engaged in rat pancreatic polysomal structures as influenced by pilocarpine injection. AB - Rats intravenously injected with pilocarpine at a concentration of 4 mg per 100 g body weight were killed after various time intervals and the relative numbers of ribosomes per cell active in protein synthesis were determined. It was found that until 1 h after pilocarpine injection there is a significant decrease in the number of ribosomes engaged in protein synthesis, whereas 2--3 h after pilocarpine injection, the number of active ribosomes equals that of control animals. After a short incubation in vitro, the same relative number of active ribosomes is always found, independent of the value determined in the pancreas directly after the death of the animal. PMID- 7320065 TI - A search for synaptonemal complexes in Ustilago maydis. AB - Germinating spores, germ-tubes (promycelia), gall tissue and spores developing in the gall were examined. No synaptonemal complexes (SCs) were found in any of these cell types. There are 3 possible explanations for this: (1) Ustilago maydis does not have SCs. This is the case in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Olson, Eden, Egel-Mitani & Egel, 1978) and in many strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (e.g. see Byers & Goetch, 1975). (2) The SC might occur in spores either in the gall or before germination when the spore wall was too solid to allow examination of the contents by the methods used. (3) The SC was present, but for a very short time, and most of the cells examined were in any case not undergoing meiosis, so the SCs were not seen. (Large numbers of spores were examined, but few spores germinate and undergo normal meiotic division; also a minority of the cells in the gall are forming spores at any one time.) The gall was found to contain uninucleate single cells (i.e. it is a yeast, as it is in artificial culture medium) and virtually all these cells were haploid, 1 in 3000 recovered cells was diploid. It appears that the haploids fuse to form a heterokaryotic or diploid cell immediately before spore formation. A heterokaryotic phase is presumed to exist to establish and maintain the infection. PMID- 7320066 TI - Conformational changes induced by salt in complexes of histones and superhelical nuclear DNA. AB - When HeLa cells are lysed in solutions containing a non-ionic detergent and 0.75 M-NaCl, structures are released that retain many of the morphological features of nuclei. These nucleoids contain all the nuclear DNA, RNA and the 'core' histones, but few other proteins characteristic of chromatin. Their DNA is intact. The core histones dissociate on raising the salt concentration. We have probed the structure of nucleoid-histone complexes using the intercalating dye, ethidium, or the RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli. Both have a higher affinity for superhelical DNA than they do for relaxed DNA. The binding of ethidium is measured fluorometrically, and using this probe we find that the DNA of nucleoids containing all the core histones behaves as if it were supercoiled slightly positively. As the salt concentration is increased, free energy characteristic of negative supercoiling appears between 0.92 M and 0.95 M-NaCl. This transition, which is reversible in the presence of the arginine-rich histones, occurs without dissociation of these histones from the DNA and so must reflect a conformational change in the complex. In contrast to the results with ethidium, we find that RNA polymerase can detect the presence of some negative free energy of supercoiling in nucleoids containing the core histones. The transformations of the free energy that can assist the binding of ethidium and RNA polymerase are discussed. PMID- 7320067 TI - The secretion of the eggshell of Schistocerca gregaria, analysis of the kinetics of secretion in vitro by light and electron microscope autoradiography. AB - The secretion of the 2 main layers (endochorion and exochorion) of the eggshell of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria was investigated using light and electron microscope autoradiography. Follicles undergoing endochorion secretion were labelled using a 3 min 'pulse' of [3H]leucine in vitro followed by a 0-115 min non-radioactive 'chase'. Immediately after the pulse the silver grains were distributed over the cytoplasm and organelles including rough endoplasmic reticulum, while by 2 and 5 min Golgi bodies contained radioactivity. By 12 min from the beginning of the chase the cell apex containing small secretory vesicles was labelled. By 20 min most of the silver grains were over the endochorion. The half-transport time (t50) was 14--15 min (from mid pulse), the lag time was 9--10 min and the percentage transport rate was 14--15% per min. When a 3 min pulse of [3H]galactose was used to label exochorion precursors, the shorter t50 (11 min) and the clumped grain distribution in light microscope autoradiographs after 0 min chase suggested that galactose was incorporated in Golgi bodies. The secretion of exochorion precursors appears to occur at a similar rate to that of endochorion precursors (approximately 15% per min). The results indicate that the follicle cells are among the fastest secreting cells. PMID- 7320068 TI - Functional interdependence of pseudopodia in Amoeba proteus stimulated by light shade difference. AB - Polytactic cells of Amoeba proteus were exposed to localized photic stimulation. When a pseudopodium is stimulated to advance, by shading it, other pseudopodia are retracted. Activation of the shaded front is the primary response, and contraction of other fronts the secondary one. When a pseudopodium is inhibited by illuminating its frontal segment, or when it is allowed to enter the bright zone in the course of migration, it slows down and stops but its eventual retraction depends on the existence of other possible directions for the endoplasmic flow. Therefore, if other active pseudopodia are lacking, the front suppressed by light cannot retreat effectively until new fronts arise in other body regions kept in shade. In all experimental situations the development of new fronts or the activation of forward flow in lateral pseudopodia precedes the contraction of the former leading pseudopodium. Also the reversal of direction of the endoplasmic streaming begins at the new front, and then it gradually extends until it reaches the former front. The results confirm the interdependence of different pseudopodia in the same individual and they contradict the concept that pseudopodia behave as separate functional units. On the other hand, they indicate that formation of new pseudopodia should not be explained as a simple secondary effect of contraction of the older ones but, on the contrary, as a phenomenon that initiates the changes in the pattern of flow in amoeba. The general interpretation is based on this variant of the pressure-flow theory of amoeboid movement, which attributes the motive power to the contractile activity of the whole cell cortex and the steering role to events taking place in the front of the migrating cell. PMID- 7320069 TI - Microtubule-organizing centres and assembly of the double-spiral microtubule pattern in certain heliozoan axonemes. AB - The double-spiral microtubule pattern is established by a self-linkage procedure when axopodial axonemes reassemble after cold treatment in multinucleate Echinosphaerium nucleofilum and mononucleate Actinophrys sol. Nuclei are related spatially to axoneme morphogenesis in both organisms but in rather different ways. Microtubules grow out in all directions from discrete clumps of dense material situated close to nuclei in E. nucleofilum as axonemal assembly begins. Each clump acts as a microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) in so far as it is associated spatially with the assembly of microtubules for a single axoneme. The dense material spreads along the sides of a developing axoneme for several micrometers, where it probably promotes further microtubule assembly as the double-spiral pattern is established. Pattern is generated as microtubules that are randomly oriented to begin with become more closely juxtaposed and aligned with each other. There are indications that juxtaposition is brought about by the contractile action of a filamentous meshwork that interconnects the microtubules. Final positioning and alignment appears to be accomplished by a 'zippering' together of adjacent portions of microtubules that proceeds in both directions along the lengths of developing axonemes as self-linkage is effected. Considerable numbers of more or less radially oriented microtubules remain and project from the surface membrane of the single central nucleus during cold treatment of A. sol. Additional tubules assemble and become associated similarly with the nuclear envelope immediately after cold treatment. Initially these microtubules are not arranged in a double-spiral pattern, which is subsequently generated by procedures similar to those outlined above for E. nucleofilum. It is suggested that the surface of the nuclear envelope may act as an MTOC. PMID- 7320070 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of a cell line from human bone marrow stroma. AB - Morphological, enzymic and antigenic data are presented regarding a human bone marrow stromal cell line maintained for 10 months and subcultured weekly. The main characteristics are a fibroblastoid morphology, diffuse growth in collagen gels, no colony formation in soft gel media, contact inhibition of growth and conversion to adipocytes when treated with hydrocortisone. The cells are non phagocytic and membrane Fc receptors (i.e. aggregated human immunoglobulin G receptors) are absent, but they show diffuse cytoplasmic non-specific esterase activity, a strong acid phosphatase reaction, and a negative immunofluorescence (direct and indirect) against factor VIII antigen. Other cell lines also have been isolated and maintained in culture and present similar characteristics. These cell lines are thought to be derived from the acid-phosphatase-positive marrow stroma directly associated with bone trabecular matrix and probably represent a component of the haemopoietic inductive microenvironment. As such, they may provide a useful tool for studies in vitro of cell interactions and regulatory processes in the control of human bone-marrow haemopoiesis. PMID- 7320071 TI - Effect of hyaluronic acid on neutrophil adhesion. AB - The effects of hyaluronate on rabbit neutrophil adhesion were studied using a variety of techniques. Exogenous hyaluronate inhibited neutrophil aggregation under conditions of both turbulent flow and constant shear rate. Hyaluronate also inhibited neutrophil adhesion to glass. Inhibition was dose-dependent above 100 micrograms ml-1 and a minimum molecular weight for hyaluronate of 1 x 10(4) was required. These effects were not simply the result of increased bulk viscosity of the hyaluronate-containing medium, nor did they appear to be mediated by putative cell-surface receptor mechanisms. Instead, physical factors such as hindrance and/or changes in the interfacial free-energy exchange at the cell surface due to the unusual hydrodynamic properties of the hyaluronate molecule were considered to be more important. Since neutrophil migration in vivo occurs through hyaluronate-rich connective tissue matrices, the relevance of these findings for processes such as inflammation and wound healing is clear. PMID- 7320072 TI - Differentiation between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein subunits of blowfly flight muscle mitochondria synthesized in vivo. AB - Total adult blowfly flight-muscle mitochondrial protein was labelled in vivo with [14C]leucine. The labelled proteins were enumerated and characterized by their electrophoretic mobility using sodium dodcecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. When different gel concentrations were used to resolve the maximum number of bands and their molecular weights, it was possible to observe at least 35 electrophoretic bands after staining and scanning; their molecular weights ranged between 11 000 and 130 000. When mitochondria were labelled in the presence of cycloheximide, only 6--8 bands could be identified on gradient gels after electrophoresis and autoradiography. By comparison, controls (where cycloheximide was absent), which were run alongside the drug-treated mitochondria, revealed 17--20 radioactively labelled bands from densitometric tracings. Whilst the molecular weights of these bands could be estimated, it was difficult to identify the precise nature and function of the proteins made in these mitochondria. PMID- 7320073 TI - External factors limiting the multiplication potential of Tetrahymena. AB - By variation of nutritional and other external conditions we have determined the factors that limit the multiplication rate and the culture growth in Tetrahymena thermophila. The enriched synthetic medium of Kidder & Dewey (1951), a culture temperature of 29 degrees C, and aeration by agitation were chosen as reference conditions. The final cell density is increased by and proportional to the amount of the complete set of nutrients. Testing single nutritional factors or groups of them revealed that only nitrogen sources yield higher cell densities. But none of them or any combination is as capable of increasing the cell density as the complete medium. Therefore, the medium has to be considered as well balanced. Ammonia, cell density, O2 supply, and pH have been excluded as factors limiting the capacity for multiplication. There are no known factors promoting or inhibiting culture growth. PMID- 7320074 TI - Studies on heteromorphic self-incompatibility systems: the cytochemistry and ultrastructure of the tapetum of Primula obconica. AB - This paper describes the cytochemistry and ultrastructure of the developing tapetum in Primula obconica, a plant with a heteromorphic, sporophytic self incompatibility system. The tapetum is of the secretory type and cytochemical tests have shown that when it breaks down proteinaceous (esterase) and lipidic components are deposited on the developing pollen grains. Acid phosphatase, a marker of gametophytic enzyme activity, is confined to the cytoplasm and intine of the developing pollen. Ultrastructural studies show that prior to its dissolution the tapetum undergoes a number of changes. In the early stages of development the tapetum is rich in ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, but following the breakdown of the tapetal cell wall the main components of the cytoplasm are densely staining spherical bodies surrounded by ribosomes and orbicular bodies, which appear to be confined to the cell periphery. As the cells break down, rod-like fibrils can be seen amongst the degenerate organelles and within the bacular cavities of the pollen. On dehiscence the pollen has a lipidic coating in addition to the fibrillar material in the pollen wall and the remnants of the tapetum can be seen adhering to the fibrous layer of the anther wall. Thus the mature, binucleate pollen of P. obconica is demonstrated to carry wall materials of sporophytic origin. PMID- 7320075 TI - Ultrastructural changes in rat hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy, and comparison with biochemical results. AB - Ultrastructural changes in rat hepatocytes in the first 24 h following partial hepatectomy (p.h.), i.e. in the premitotic phase of liver regeneration, were studied using electron microscopic morphometry. Livers were investigated 1/2, 1, 4, 8, 12, 20 and 24 h after p.h. and 1/2, 8, 20 and 24 h after a sham operation. Two effects appear to be associated specifically with the regeneration process: (1) an increase in the volume density of lysosomes to a peak between 4 and 8 h after p.h.; and (2) a doubling in the number of mitochondria per cell by 24 h without any associated increase in the total mitochondrial volume. Two further changes were observed only after p.h.: (1) a massive accumulation of lipid in the form of lipid droplets by 24 h; and (2) the appearance of 'protein droplets' (very large lysosomal-like structures) at various stages. Both these changes appear to be secondary effects associated with the stimulation for, but not necessary to, cell division. The loss of glycogen observed immediately after both p.h. and a sham operation is a non-specific effect probably resulting from operation-induced stress. The results are discussed with reference to the changes observed in the biochemical composition of blood plasma. Glucagon appears to play an important role in the stimulation of some of the ultrastructural changes observed. PMID- 7320076 TI - Mitochondrial morphology in the spermatozoa of the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. AB - Thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy of immature and mature spermatozoa of the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, revealed numerous small spherical mitochondria with diameters ranging from 0.15 to 0.22 micrometers. Both the spherical form and the small size of these mitochondria were confirmed by serial thin-section studies. In mature spermatozoa, the mitochondria are located in the midpiece region, in tight contact with each other, exhibiting an almost crystalline arrangement. They do not surround the midpiece, but form a semicircular sheet over the sustained filament. The portion of the midpiece on the side of the undulating membrane and the flagellum is devoid of mitochondria. The plasma membrane in the midpiece region is tightly apposed to the mitochondria, so that in freeze-fracture or scanning electron microscopy the mitochondria seem to protrude through the plasma membrane. We suggest that the unusual organization of mitochondria in axoloti sperm facilitates the oxidative processes and increases the efficiency of ATP production and/or distribution within the cell. PMID- 7320077 TI - Motility of basal fragments of sea urchin sperm flagella. AB - Both live and reactivated sea urchin sperm flagella were broken by passage through a pipette. Distal fragments stopped, but basal fragments continued to beat. Intact flagella were about 48 micrometer long; basal fragments were about 4 20 micrometer long. Beat periods of tritonated fragments were 11% shorter than those of unbroken controls, possibly reflecting decreased viscous loading; beat periods of live fragments were 18% shorter than those of unbroken controls, possibly reflecting reduced rates of ATP consumption as well as decreased viscous loading. The undulations of basal fragments were compared with those of the basal regions of unbroken flagella, using the patterns of development of the radii and angles of basal bends. Fragments closely resembled basal regions of unbroken flagella, except that bends tended to open as they approached the distal end of a fragment, so that their radii increased more rapidly than those unbroken flagella. Fragments about 4 micrometer long contained only one bend during part of the cycle, and appeared to be straight during part of the cycle. They flipped back and forth with fairly constant angular speeds and abrupt changes in direction, so that plots of angle between their distal end and base often resembled triangular waves, although the peaks of the waveforms were often rounded. This behaviour suggests a mechanism in which sliding switches between 2 modes. Both the speed of sliding and the maximum angles attained in one direction of bending were greater than those attained in the other direction, suggesting differences between the doublets on the 2 sides of the axoneme. Sliding of the doublets continued as fast speeds as the fragments straightened, in contrast to the characteristics of some curvature-sensitive models. These flagellar fragments provide a simplified system for the study of flagellar oscillations. PMID- 7320078 TI - Cell adhesion on model substrata: threshold effects and receptor modulation. AB - Trypsinized BHK cells become attached to glass that has been derivatized with a variety of lectins with well-defined specificity for cell-surface carbohydrates. Provided a threshold concentration of glass-immobilized protein is present the cells undergo a transformation to a well-spread morphology. The matrix density of lectins (ricin and concanavalin A) required to trigger this morphological transformation is higher by 10 to 40-fold thant the value determined earlier (Hughes, Pena, Clark & Dourmashkin, 1979) for fibronectin. Cells resistant to the toxic lectin, ricin, and expressing 10% or less of ricin-binding carbohydrate groups at their cell surfaces require correspondingly greater matrix densities of ricin to promote active cell spreading. All cell lines spread equally well on concanavalin A-based matrices consistent with their similar binding properties. The quantitative interaction of complementary molecules on the cell surface and matrix, promoting cell adhesion, is demonstrated by these results and a model is proposed for the events leading to a well-spread cell morphology on a protein coated substratum. PMID- 7320079 TI - Oxygen gradients cause pattern orientation in Dictyostelium cell clumps. AB - We have investigated the formation of the prestalk-prespore pattern in Dictyostelium discoideum. Pattern formation occurs in clumps of Dictyostelium cells embedded in agar under a 100% oxygen atmosphere. Agar embedding allows us to control spatially the environment surrounding the cell clumps. Our results suggest that the ambient oxygen concentration plays a role in controlling the size of the multicellular mass. Further, oxygen gradients established across clumps embedded in agar or held in holes in a plastic barrier cause orientation of the prestalk-prespore pattern such that the anterior prestalk region forms at the highest end of the gradient. The results also indicate that developing cells have the ability to migrate up a gradient of oxygen. PMID- 7320080 TI - Megasporogenesis in a heterosporous fern; features of the organelles in meiotic cells and young megaspores. AB - Megasporogenesis in the heterosporous fern Marsilea (Hydropterideae) shows features intermediate between sporogenesis in homosporous ferns and that in heterosporous seed plants. The plastids in the dyads and young spores were associated with tubules 30-35 nm in diameter, probably a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum. No consistent differences in size or cytoplasmic components could be found between the megaspores of a tetrad that might account for differential survival. The view that megaspore viability within the tetrad is genetically determined is thereby strengthened. PMID- 7320081 TI - Sodium butyrate blocks HeLa cells preferentially in early G1 phase of the cell cycle. AB - The effects of sodium butyrate on the cell-cycle transverse of HeLa cells was re examined using the kinetic and the premature chromosome condensation methods of cell-cycle analysis. The results of this study indicate that the sodium butyrate effects are dose-dependent and cell-cycle phase-specific. Cells in the early G1 period are the most sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the drug. When HeLa cells in exponential growth were exposed to a 5 mM concentration of butyrate for 48 h. 67% of the cell population was preferentially arrested in the early G1 period as indicated by the condensed morphology of the prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC). There was no accumulation of cells in the G2 period. The results of this study suggest that hyperacetylation of histones induced by sodium butyrate does not necessarily result in decondensation of chromatin and the butyrate-enhanced protein, which has been reported to be present in butyrate treated cells, may have a role in the regulation of the transition of cells from early G1 to the subsequent phases of the cells cycle. PMID- 7320082 TI - Phagocytosis by macrophages. I. Kinetics of adhesion between particles and phagocytes. AB - A quantitative method for measuring the initial rate of adhesion of foreign particles to mouse peritoneal macrophages, using protein-coated paraffin oil particles, is described. It was performed to measure the rate of adhesion, which is the first step of phagocytosis, separately from the other phagocytic activities. Kinetic studies showed that the cell-substrate adhesion was a Michaelis-Menten type reaction, which has two rate indices, Km and V. The effects of various reagents on the adhesion rate were analysed. KCN and NaN3 change the rate by affecting V, while the changes in the rate brought about by chlorpromazine and filipin are due to their effect on the Km. Cytochalasin B decreased the adhesion rate, but colchicine did not. The initial rate of adhesion decreased with decreasing temperature. As Arrhenius plot of the initial rate showed a break at 30 degrees C, and gave an activation enthalpy of 14.8 kcal for the process at the physiological temperature. No characteristic change in membrane fluidity was found at 30 degrees C using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 7320083 TI - Polypeptide synthesis in cell cycle mutants of fission yeast. AB - The cell cycle of a growing cel is characterized by 3 main periodic events: DNA synthesis mitosis and cell division. These events generally lie in a dependent sequence, in which one event cannot occur unless preceding events have occurred. The existence of dependent sequences of events raises the possibility that at least some of the gene products involved in the events are synthesized in a dependent sequence parallel to the observable events. To test this hypothesis, the patterns of polypeptide synthesis were investigated in 2 types of cell cycle mutant of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: temperature-sensitive cell cycle (ts cdc) mutants. which become blocked in cell cycle progress at the restrictive temperature; and wee I mutants, which are defective in size control over nuclear division, and which divide at a small size. Cells of mutants and wild-type cells were labelled with [35S[ sulphate under conditions designed to maximize any differences between the labelling patterns of wild-type and mutant cell polypeptides. The polypeptides were then separated by O'Farrell 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the patterns compared. Although both types of mutation affect cell cycle control, and cause a considerable alteration in the relative proportions of cellular components, an examination of over 700 polypeptides detected on gels revealed no qualitative differences between wild type and mutant cell polypeptides. These results suggest that a large majority of the more abundant polypeptides in the growing cell are synthesized independently of cell cycle controls directly related to DNA synthesis and division, and that the synthesis of these polypeptides can occur in the absence of normal progress through the cell cycle. Dependent sequences of gene expression do not appear to make a significant contribution to total polypeptide synthesis during the cell cycle, or to the occurrence of periodic cell cycle events such as mitosis. It is suggested that such cell cycle events may result largely through the reorganization of existing cellular components, rather than by the synthesis of new ones. An unsuccessful attempt was made to detect the wee I gene product on gels by surveying a range of mutants for changes in an individual spot. The limitations of gel electrophoresis for this type of survey, and other cell cycle experiments, are discussed. PMID- 7320085 TI - Adhesive properties of MDCK cell membranes possible role in epithelial histogenesis. AB - MDCK cells in culture form a functional transporting epithelium. Apical surface of MDCK monolayers are not adhesive to free MDCK cells that fail to grow attached to existing monolayers. In contrast, when plated at high density (106 cm-2) MDCK cells form multilayered structures in which only the outermost layer shows a typical apical surface (microvilli, tight junctions, etc). In the lower layers cell-cell contacts (desmosomes, etc) are made, suggesting that the basolateral surfaces remain adhesive. Using a novel, quantitative, heterotypic cell adhesion reaction with aged human red cells, were have measured the adhesive properties of the apical surfaces of MDCK cells in a variety of conditions. It is found that the adhesion of red cells is dependent on cell density in the monolayer and falls to a low value at confluence. The reaction is considerably stronger at 6 degrees C compared to 22 degrees C (the temperature of most studies), while at 37 degrees C the reaction is expressed less strongly. MDCK cells with adherent red cells fail to divide, suggesting that the cell surface fluence. The expression of the adhesive property is associated with cell division. This was shown by inducing synchrony in cultures either by refeeding starved cultures or by removal of a thymidine " block". Peaks in adhesiveness were related to peaks in thymidine incorporation in synchronized cultures. Because of the precise quantitative way in which adhesion can be measured it is considered that this is an ideal system in which to identify the membrane components responsible for the reaction. Furthermore, it may prove possible to identify signals that arise as an immediate consequence of the adhesion reaction. PMID- 7320084 TI - The effect of neuraminidase- and ribonuclease-susceptible surface anionic groups on the aggregation of embryonic chick neural retina cells. AB - The role of cell surface charge in cellular interactions has been the subject of conflicting reports. The major contribution to the net cell surface negativity of all mammalian cells studied is made by the sialic acid moieties of the surface glycoproteins, while ribonuclease-susceptible sites have been shown to contribute to the lesser extent on some cell types. Experiments were done to determine whether these anionic groups at the cell periphery affect the aggregation and sorting behaviour of embryonic chick neural retina cells when cultured alone or in combination with embryonic heart cells. The net negative surface charge density, as determined by cell electrophoretic mobility, of neuraminidase- or ribonuclease-treated cells was significantly decreased immediately after incubation with the enzymes, and the treatment with neuraminidase resulted in a reduction in the binding of colloidal iron hydroxide particles at the cell surface. Both enzymes caused reduced aggregate size in gyratory shaker cultures of neural retina and mixed cell suspensions, and fewer neural retina cells adherent to microtest plate surfaces, but no differences were seen in their histological appearance or sorting pattern in mixed shaker culture. The results indicate that the neuraminidase- and ribonuclease-susceptible groups at the periphery of embryonic neural retina cells play a role in some aspects of cell contact behaviour in ways other than reduction in net negative surface charge. PMID- 7320086 TI - DNA replications in Chironomus polytene chromosomes during treatment with ethanol. AB - DNA replication of Chironomus polytene chromosomes was investigated The results show that during treatment with ethanol there is an accumulation of newly synthesized DNA with the size expected of replicons. These and previous results indicate that it is possible that in polytene chromosomes the termination of replication and merging of adjacent replicons is more sensitive to damage than in initiation and/or elongation steps. PMID- 7320087 TI - A peak profile analysis procedure for extracting unit cell transform data from the Fourier transforms of periodic arrays. PMID- 7320088 TI - Effects of vanadate, Mg2+ and electric current injection on the stiffness of impaled bull spermatozoa. AB - Measurements were made of the rigor stiffness of impaled bull sperm flagella. Vanadate-free ATP was found to have a stronger plasticizing action than vanadate contaminated ATP. Trace amounts of Mg2+ were found to be necessary to relieve the rigor condition by ATP. During the injection of negative electric current into the sperm head, the flagella stiffened, presumably by depletion of Mg2+ from the flagellar interior. PMID- 7320089 TI - Structural heterogeneity of endocytic membranes in macrophages as revealed by the cholesterol probe, filipin. AB - The polyene antibiotic, filipin, by specifically interacting with cholesterol, produces approximately 25-nm protuberances (filipin-sterol complexes) in freeze fractured membranes, and the addition of filipin to aldehyde fixatives has been recently introduced as a cytochemical technique for the localization of cholesterol in cell membranes. In a previous study we showed that, in fibroblasts filipin-sterol complexes are absent from endocytic coated pits. To establish whether the absence of filipin-sterol complexes is a phenomenon restricted to coated pits or is correlated with endocytosis in general, we applied the filipin probe to cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, in which different forms of endocytosis take place. The macrophages were incubated with bovine albumin or concanavalin A (Con A) to induce pinocytosis, and with heat-killed straphylococci or opsonized erythrocytes to induce phagocytosis, then fixed in glutaraldehyde/filipin and freeze-fractured. Filipin-sterol complexes were plentiful on the plasma membrane, on the smooth-membrane invaginations and vesicles induced by albumin, on the large endocytic vacuoles induced by Con A, and on the membrane of phagosomes but, in contrast, they were absent from coated pits and vesicles, as well as from coated segments of invagination or vesicles. These results indicate that the membranes involved in different types of endocytosis do not react in the same way with filipin and may, therefore, have a different cholesterol content. This could reflect different mechanisms of formation for the various types of endocytic vesicles. PMID- 7320090 TI - [Exploratory laparotomy of the acute abdomen (author's transl)]. AB - The results of exploratory laparotomy in 48 patients with an acute abdomen are reviewed. Overall mortality was 29 p. cent (14 cases) and was influenced by three main factors: patients over 50 years of age, multiple visceral lesions, and when exploratory laparotomy was conducted for an acute painful febrile abdominal syndrome (10 deaths in 32 cases) or during the postoperative period (4 deaths in 11 cases). In contrast, exploratory laparotomy is a benign procedure in patients with abdominal contusions. It is essential, therefore, to try to establish the diagnosis before proposing laparotomy, which should only be performed when all other diagnostic investigations have proved negative. PMID- 7320091 TI - [Limbs acute ischemia. Late complications of exuberant callus and pseudarthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Three acute peripheral arterial occlusions occurred 60, 38 and 12 years after imperfect reduction of fractures. In two cases the embolus originated from an aneurysm induced by an hypertrophic callus of the clavicle. In the third case, acute thrombosis appeared as the consequence of leg arteries compression by a tibial osteomyelitic callus. Arterial reconstruction in the two first cases and thrombolysis in the third case were associated to surgical treatment of the causal injuries and were successful. PMID- 7320092 TI - [Crohn's diseases. Clinicopathological manifestations and differential diagnosis from enterocolonic tuberculosis]. AB - 40 cases of enterocolonic Crohn's disease resected were studied clinico pathologically and were compared with 53 cases of enterocolonic tuberculosis. There are many symptomatic and morphological overlaps between these two diseases. Nevertheless, fissuring ulcer, widening of submucosa and cobblestone appearance are distinct diagnostic features of Crohn's disease, while caseous necrosis and/or presence of acid fast tubercle bacillus are the hallmark of tuberculosis. Antituberculous therapy may alter the histological characteristic of tuberculosis leading to scarring of the granuloma, yet caseous necrosis never completely disappears even after massive dose of antituberculous therapy. In our series, caseous necrosis in the lymph node and bowel wall was still prominent in 21 cases of enterocolonic tuberculosis having received preoperative antituberculous treatment. PMID- 7320093 TI - [Non-parasitic cysts of the spleen: report on two cases and ultrastructural findings in one of them (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases are reported of non-parasitic cysts of the spleen of the simple epithelial type. The pathogenic mechanism of such cysts is discussed and illustrated by ultrastructural findings in one of the cases. The wall of this cyst was mesothelial in nature. This observation is in favour of the inclusion of mesothelial tissue in the spleen, a hypothesis suggested in the published literature by several authors. PMID- 7320094 TI - [Atraumatic microsurgical nephrotomy. Experimental study on canine kidney (author's transl)]. AB - Microsurgical transversal section and repair of canine kidney was presented as a model to study the condition required for an atraumatic nephrotomy. The investigation was carried out by two methods. In a first series five kidneys were injected by coloured resins after transection and microsurgical repair. Results were evaluated by cast examination of vascular net work. In a second series, transection and repair were made by an "ex-situ" procedure on seven dogs. The repaired kidney was autotransplanted in the opposite fossa iliaca. Long term renal function was evaluated after controlateral nephrectomy, by arteriography, biologic data and DMSA Tc 99 m scintiscan. The good results showed that microsurgery is useful in atraumatic nephrotomy and now a new tool in intrarenal access. PMID- 7320095 TI - [Partial occlusion of the inferior vena cava by clips. Indications and results about 95 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Vena cava clips were applied in 95 patients between October 1975 and October 1979, without mortality directly related to the surgical intervention. One patients died early after operation due to an associated thoracic aorta aneurysm. The 10 deaths occurring at a later stage were not related to the insertion of the clips or its consequences. One patient developed a pulmonary embolism during operation, as a result of a concomitant juxtarenal thrombectomy. Postoperative extension of a femoropopliteal thrombosis or bilateralization of an iliac phlebitis was observed in 31 p.cent (30 out of 95) of cases. Permeability of the inferior vena cava was confirmed in 32 patients, 65 p. cent of the clips remained patent. Lower limb venous sequelae, related to the insertion of the clip or its consequences, were noted in 34 p.cent (24 of 69) but caused little inconvenience. Severe venous disorders, due to the thrombo-embolic disease, were always present before the insertion of the clips. Postoperative morbidity was low, the clip causing extension of previously existing venous thrombosis, without significant distal sequelae. The absence of recurrence of pulmonary embolism demonstrates the efficacy of this method. The employ of a caval filter to preserve improved permeability of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is discussed. PMID- 7320096 TI - [Arteriography in liver hydatid cysts. Interest in the choice of surgical technique (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of liver hydatid cysts are reported. They showed the interest of arteriography in the treatment. Actually, resection of the adventice is the best surgical treatment not to miss a small cyst in the adventice of a large one and to let an hepatic cavity which quickly disappear. Nevertheless, in some cases arteriography contraindicates total resection of the adventice if it seem dangerous or if vessels ligation and large hepatic resection may occur. PMID- 7320097 TI - [Contribution of computed tomography to the exploration of aortic aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - A technique for exploring aortic aneurysms is described, and the results analysed in 50 cases (11 thoracic, 32 abdominal, 3 multiple, and 4 with both thoracic and abdominal aneurysms). The diagnostic value of this method appears evident for aneurysms in the thorax, and it can reduce the need for conventional radiological examinations. Results of examination of abdominal aneurysms were compared with those of ultrasonography and angiography. Angiography was more effective for studying collateral lesions, while ultrasonography is still a reliable, non aggressive, low cost investigational procedure. Computed tomography, however, represents the most polyvalent, non-aggressive technique for evaluating the size of the aneurysm, its thrombotic components, and its extension to neighbouring organs. PMID- 7320098 TI - [Biliary regeneration. Experimental studies in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Cholangiographic and histological examinations after partial hepatectomy in rats have demonstrated the presence of biliary as well as hepatocyte regeneration. Commencing very soon after hepatectomy, biliary degeneration is confirmed by radiological investigation, showing hypertrophy of the intra-hepatic biliary canals, and corroborated histologically by evidence of mitoses in the biliary epithelium. This suggests that intravenous cholangiography can be a simple means of evaluating hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in humans. PMID- 7320099 TI - [The intracranial course of the internal carotid artery. Anatomical features. Clinical implications (author's transl)]. AB - The intracranial course of the internal carotid artery has a number of special clinical features by virtue of its relations with the dura mater, the venous pathway lateral to the sella turcica known as the cavernous sinus and the oculomotor and, to a lesser degree, trigeminal cranial nerves. Knowledge of these anatomical features, which differ in several aspects from classical concepts, is not only of descriptive but also clinical interest. PMID- 7320100 TI - [The anatomical basis and sources of error of selective and supraselective gastric vagotomies (author's transl)]. AB - An anatomical study, based essentially upon 38 dissections of formol-preserved specimens, was used to identify the different characteristics of the vagus nerve which might have an influence on different vagotomy techniques. The arrangement of the different vagal structures (principal and accessory) at the oesophageal orifice is described in full. The most criminal branches are pointed out with particular emphasis. Distribution branches unknown or poorly known up to the present have been demonstrated. The principal nerves of the lesser curvature and their endings are reviewed in the context of supraselective vagotomy. The discussion emphasis the most important anatomical details relevant to the achievement of adequate supraselective vagotomy. PMID- 7320101 TI - [Ruptured bronchial artery aneurysm simulating dissection of the aorta in a patient with bronchopulmonary sequestration (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with bronchopulmonary sequestration presented a clinical picture of dissection of the aorta following rupture of a bronchial artery aneurysm. Because of the rare nature of this type of lesion comments are limited to a description of the clinical history, angiographic images, surgical procedures, and operative findings in this case, these raising questions that cannot always be answered. PMID- 7320102 TI - Affinity chromatography of glycosyltransferases. AB - This review summarizes the use of biospecific chromatography techniques in the purification of mammalian glycosyltransferases. Ligands that are analogues of donor or acceptor substrates have been linked to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose for use as affinity adsorbents. Immobilized lectins have been employed to recognize the carbohydrate moieties of glycosyltransferase and remove them from complex mixtures. The application of these methods has permitted extensive purification of many membrane-bound glycosyltransferases, some to homogeneity. PMID- 7320103 TI - Covalent chromatography as a means of isolating thiol peptides from large proteins: application to human ceruloplasmin. AB - The use of activated thiopropyl-Sepharose for simple and rapid isolation of thiol peptides from large proteins was investigated using ceruloplasmin (a copper protein of molecular weight 134,000 containing three cysteines and six disulphides) as a test case. Optimal results for the immobilization of the protein to the activated gel were obtained at pH 4.0 in the presence of 8 M urea and 0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. In these conditions 96% of the protein thiol groups were attached to the adsorbent. The immobilized protein was digested with either pepsin or trypsin. The liberated non-thiol peptides were eluted from the gel together with the protease after the digestion. After washing, the covalently attached thiol peptides were eluted in reducing buffer, desalted on the hydrophobic gel Sephadex LH-20 and carboxymethylated. The peptides were purified in a two-step procedure involving gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and either column electrophoresis or ion-exchange chromatography. The two sets of peptides were derived from four different regions in the protein. They were 12-39 residues in length and together accounted for 152 residues. It is shown that the peptide chain was susceptible to proteolytic attack also close to the point of attachment (two residues away). One peptide with two thiol groups proved to be derived from an area containing one disulphide bridge in addition to cysteine. This bridge could be identified in a separate experiment where a second enzyme was used to release the disulphide peptide after the first digestion and washings. PMID- 7320104 TI - Evidence for a concentration-dependent polymerization of a commercial human serum albumin. AB - Polymerization of a commercial human serum albumin (Sigma A-1887) was investigated by two different techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis. The chromatographic technique was based on the frontal analysis principle using a column which excludes polymers but retains monomers. The results allowed the determination of the monomer--polymer affinity constant, X = 526 +/- 100. The electrophoresis technique was performed with a polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulphate in order to separate the different polymer species according to their molecular weights. The two techniques gave results in good accordance and showed a concentration-dependent aggregation. The higher the human serum albumin concentration, the more the monomer proportion decreases. PMID- 7320105 TI - Simultaneous determination of trialkyltin homologues in biological materials. AB - Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of an electron capture detector to alkyltin halides, an analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of trialkyltin homologues in biological materials. Trialkyltins were purified as chlorides from tissues by simultaneous extraction with hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate, replacement of the extraction solution with n-hexane and stepwise elution with n-hexane-ethyl acetate on a silica gel column. Alternatively, gas chromatographic analysis was carried out on 20% DEGS-HG at temperatures from 100 to 120 degrees C. Detection limits reached 1 x 10(-12) g for trialkyltin chlorides. The recoveries of trialkyltins added to various tissues at the 50-pmole level ranged from 97 to 106%. By in vivo studies, it was confirmed that this method is rapid, sensitive and applicable to biomaterials containing more than 1 ng trialkyltins per gram of tissue. PMID- 7320106 TI - Determination of pentachlorophenol and related compounds in animal materials by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. AB - The rapid determination of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenols in animal materials by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on porous silica is described. Non-fatty substrates are digested in alkali and the chlorophenols extracted as ion pairs. Fatty materials are extracted with ethyl acetate-hexane after acidification. Extracts are cleaned up on "Sep-Pak" silica or Florisil cartridges. Penta- and tetrachloroanisoles are recovered by the extraction procedures and can be determined by gas chromatography if required. Mean recoveries of the chlorophenols were 73-108% at fortification levels of 0.1-10 mg/kg. A concentration of 0.1 mg/kg can readily be determined and the method can be adapted to reach about 1 microgram/kg. Identities can be confirmed by ion-pair HPLC on a reversed-phase column. PMID- 7320107 TI - Application of ion-exchange chromatography for the production of human albumin. AB - Albumin of high purity can be obtained from human plasma by ion-exchange chromatography. Most of the globulins were precipitated from human plasma with 150 milligrams polyethylene glycol and pure albumin was obtained from the supernatant with QAE-Sephadex A-50. The purity of albumin was greater than 95%. PMID- 7320108 TI - Analysis of xylazine in biological material by gas chromatography using packed and capillary columns. PMID- 7320109 TI - Determination of 7-dehydrocholesterol in rat skin and liver by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320110 TI - Classification of human cancer cells by means of capillary gas chromatography and pattern recognition analysis. AB - The metabolic profiles of brain biopsies obtained at surgery were recorded using capillary gas chromatography (GC). About 160 peaks were seen, of which 105 were used for data analysis. Three classes of brain tissue were examined: normal cerebral cortex, pituitary tumours and " brain" tumours. Pattern recognition analyses of the GC profiles using the SIMCA multivariate programme clearly resolved normal brain tissue from the tumours. Subclassification of the different tumours was more difficult, probable because the number of samples in each tumour class was too small. High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis separated the brain biopsies into several hundred different proteins. The combined use of the latter technique and capillary GC-mass spectrometry and pattern recognition analyses gives the possibility of the classification of diseased cells based solely on differences in their biochemical compositions. PMID- 7320111 TI - Determination of acrylamide in nerve tissue homogenates by electron-capture gas chromatography. AB - Acrylamide in biological samples can be determined by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection after conversion to its 2,3-dibromopropionamide derivative. The derivatization is carried out in aqueous solution, plasma or tissue homogenates by ionic bromination and the reaction conditions and sample clean-up are described. The detection limit corresponds to 9.5.10(-12)g of acrylamide on column or 8.4.10(-9)g in the final biological extract (0.5 ml). The overall recovery of acrylamide spiked samples at the nanogram level exceeds 80%. It was found that the accumulation of free acrylamide in the sciatic nerve distal region of rats intoxicated with acrylamide was less than 2-8 ppm. PMID- 7320112 TI - Therapeutic drug assays with gas-liquid chromatography and optical detection. AB - Clofibric acid (p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid), the major metabolite of Clofibrate, a drug used in the treatment of hyperlipemia, was assayed in blood serum using an ultraviolet absorbance monitor as a gas-liquid chromatographic detector. As in other gas-liquid chromatographic assays for this compound, an internal standard, p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, was added, and the serum was acidified and extracted with organic solvent. The solvent was then evaporated and the acids converted into their methyl esters for analysis. The organic compounds in the effluent were scrubbed into a stream of 2-propanol, at a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min. This was then "debubbled" and a portion drawn through the 20-microliters UV detector flow cell. With small-volume scubber and associated components, peak broadening was minimal. Because of their moderately high extinction coefficients at 280 nm, the Clofibrate and the internal standard were detected in the submicrogram range without interference from long-chain fatty acid esters, which have similar retention times on the column used. PMID- 7320113 TI - Simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium and its hydroxy metabolites by capillary column gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - In humans, diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), a potent anti-inflammatory agent, is metabolized to a large extent by hydroxylation and conjugation to glucuronides and sulfates. This paper describes a procedure whereby unchanged diclofenac as well as all known hydroxylated metabolites (3'-hydroxy-, 4'-hydroxy-, 5-hydroxy- and 4',5-dihydroxy-diclofenac) are determined quantitatively in the same biological sample. The procedure is based on extractive alkylation and gas chromatography with capillary columns and electron capture detection. The method has been applied to analyse urine samples of volunteers treated with single doses of diclofenac sodium. PMID- 7320114 TI - Continuous thin-layer chromatography of sugars of clinical interest in samples of urine impregnated on paper. AB - A procedure for the analysis of sugars of clinical interest in samples of urine impregnated on Whatman 3MM paper is described. The sugars are eluted from the sample and spotted directly on to the application zone of concentration-zone silica gel plates. followed by continuous development. The optimal composition of the eluent and developing solvent and the optimal development distance were established, together with the development time and its influence of the RF values. The locating reaction is based on the reduction of vanadium (V) to vanadium (IV) in acidic medium. PMID- 7320115 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic and field desorption mass spectrometric measurement of picomole amounts of endogenous neuropeptides in biologic tissue. AB - A unique combination of chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric techniques has been developed for a novel method for measurement of picomole amounts of endogenous oligopeptides in biologic tissue. High-performance liquid chromatography is utilized for rapid high-resolution separation of peptides. A new buffer system using dilute triethylamine-formic acid is utilized. The buffer system possesses excellent UV transparent properties enabling femtomole sensitivity for measurement of standard solutions of somatostatin. Use of porous polystyrenedivinylbenzene copolymer and octadecylsilyl columns facilitate retention of a peptide fraction from biologic extracts. Advantage was taken of field desorption mass spectrometric methods to eliminate chemical derivatization of peptides and to produce protonated molecular ions which retain total molecular information of the peptide. Use of appropriate internal standards and selected ion monitoring methods enabled nanogram sensitivity and, more importantly, optimized structural specificity of the compound being quantified. Results are compatible with radioimmunoassay data. Data obtained with field desorption mass spectrometry provide, for the first time, measurement of intact, chemically underivatized oligopeptides extracted form biologic matrices and significantly, provide and analytic method to calibrate radioimmunoassay data. This novel combination of methods is being applied to measurements of peptide (leu enkephalin, met-enkephalin, somatostatin, etc.) in canine brain regions and dental pulp tissue. PMID- 7320116 TI - Analysis of isomeric ethynylestradiol glucuronides in urine. AB - A method for separation and analysis of conjugates of ethynylestradiol in urine is described. Steroid conjugates are separated on a lipophilic strong anion exchanger (triethylaminohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-230), and phenolic steroids released by enzyme hydrolysis or solvolysis ar isolated by chromatography on the same ion exchanger. Steroids carrying an ethynyl group are isolated by chromatography on SP-Sephadex (Ag+). Ethynylestradiol is analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl ether, using [9,11,11,12,12-(2)H5] ethynylestradiol and internal standard. PMID- 7320117 TI - Liquid chromatography of demoxepam and phenothiazines using a post-column photochemical reactor and fluorescence detection. AB - Upon irradiation with short-wavelength UV light the tranquillizer demoxepam is converted into a highly fluorescent product. This reaction serves as a sensitive and selective means of detection of low levels of demoxepam in e.g., serum after separation by means of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of mobile phase composition and time of irradiation on the intensity of the fluorescence signal has been studied. A residence time of about 2 min in the post-column photochemical reactor is optimal, band broadening being efficiently suppressed (delta t ca. 1 sec) by means of air segmentation. Linear calibration graphs are obtained over a three-orders of magnitude concentration range; the detection limit for demoxepam is about 100 pg. Further work has demonstrated that detection limits of between 40 and 100 pg can also be obtained for the photoproducts of the phenothiazines fenergan, largactil, levopromazine and nedaltran. The calibration graphs show good linearity and the analysis of spiked serum samples was successful. PMID- 7320118 TI - Analysis of free stool porphyrins by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The determination of stool porphyrins is necessary for the diagnosis of some porphyrias in clinical laboratories. Quantitative methods for the analysis of faeces for porphyrins are unpleasant and difficult to perform. An extraction and ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the separation and determination of individual free stool porphyrins. The within-assay coefficients of variation range from 2 to 6%. A linear response curve is observed between 38 and 380 nmol/g for coproporphyrin I in dry stool The method can be applied to the routine analysis of free stool porphyrins in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 7320119 TI - Fluorescence labelling in trace analysis of biological samples: simultaneous determination of free fatty acids and related carboxylic compounds. AB - Free fatty acids in serum, together with representatives of a new class of oxirane carboxylic acids having blood-glucose-lowering activity, were determined simultaneously by fluorescence labelling with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin (Br Mmc) followed by separation by high performance liquid chromatography. Esterification kinetics of selected compounds were studied, and separation conditions for analysis of oxirane carboxylic acids, related compounds, and a series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as their Mmc estes were established. Three compounds (3, 6 and 7) were determined from serum quantitatively by extraction, derivatization, and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Detection limits from serum (1ml) were 50 ng/ml. Two hours after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mg/kg of compound 6 in dog, a serum level of 1.1 mg/1 of administered compound was determined. PMID- 7320120 TI - Plasma catecholamines in hypertension and pheochromocytoma determined using ion pair reversed-phase chromatography with amperometric detection: investigation of the separation mechanism and clinical methodology. AB - The retention behavior of catecholamines (CAs) in ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography is examined. From the effects of pH, ionic strength and a secondary ion-pairing reagent (citric acid), under our chromatographic conditions, the retention behavior can be explained by assuming a mixed ion exchange mechanism with octyl sulfate and citrate, on the column and in the mobile phase, respectively. The developed separation method was applied to the analysis of CAs in plasma samples purified by alumina adsorption and detected amperometrically. This method provides the basis for the determination of the short-term magnitude of CA response to physical and physiological interventions, as well as the baseline CA levels in essential hypertension and pheochromocytoma. The results seen for norepinephrine and epinephrine are consistent with eh funcitonal roles of these CAs as hormones or peripheral transmitters. PMID- 7320121 TI - Application of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-activated matrices for the purification of proteins. III. The use of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-activated agaroses in the biospecific affinity chromatographic isolation of serum antibodies. AB - The characteristics of ligands immobilised into 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-treated cross-linked agarose have been further evaluated. Since the intermediate activated matrix (an imidazolyl carbamate-agarose) is susceptible to nucleophilic attack by free amino groups, but is relatively stable to oxygen nucleophiles, ligands ranging from simple organic primary amines, amino acids, proteins and other biological substances, which contain amino group functionality, can be bound to the agarose via a N-alkylcarbamate (urethane) linkage. This covalent linkage has been found to exhibit good chemical stability to mildly acidic and basic elution conditions. The use of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole-activated agarose in the biospecific affinity chromatography of immunoglobulins, present in normal and pathological sera, is described. PMID- 7320122 TI - Rapid automated determination of D-penicillamine in plasma and urine by ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using a gold electrode. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of D penicillamine in plasma and urine has been developed, based on separation on a cation-exchange resin followed by an amperometric detection of the SH group of D penicillamine oxidized on a gold electrode. The method has been automated and separations from plasma and urine take 7 and 9 min, respectively. The detection limits are 0.05 micrograms/ml in plasma and 0.2 micrograms/ml in urine, with a coefficient of variation of 2.9% (n = 10). PMID- 7320123 TI - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of verapamil and norverapamil in blood plasma or serum. AB - A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous measurement of plasma verapamil and norverapamil concentrations has been developed. The sample (100 microliters) is vortex-mixed for 30 sec with 4 M sodium hydroxide solution, pH 13 (50 microliters), internal standard solution (aqueous 5,6-benzoquinoline, 0.20 mg/l) (50 microliters) and methyl tert.-butyl ether (200 microliters). After centrifugation at 9950 x g for 2 min, a portion (100 microliters) of the resulting extract is analysed on a microparticulate (5 microns) silica column using a methanolic solution of potassium bromide (3.0 mM) and perchloric acid (0.37 mM) as the mobile phase, and the column effluent is monitored by fluorescence detection using an excitation wavelength of 203 nm. A specimen, together with a quality control sample, can be analysed, in duplicate, within 30 min. The limit of accurate measurement of the assay is 2 micrograms/l, and no potential sources of interference have been identified. The method has advantages of speed, small sample requirement and complete resolution of the three major metabolites of verapamil. PMID- 7320124 TI - Automated measurement of catecholamines in urine, plasma and tissue homogenates by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. AB - An automated catecholamine analyzer was assembled from a high-performance liquid chromatograph, an autosampler and an air segmented reactor equipped with a sensitive fluorometer. The trihydroxyindole technique was applied to the fluorometric reactor. Urine, plasma and brain homogenate were usually purified on an alumina column prior to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Centrifuged urine and a supernatant of brain homogenate can, however, be injected onto the HPLC column without further pre-treatment. The measurement of noradrenaline and adrenaline in plasma of a man at rest required 0.5--1 ml samples. Approximately 100 alumina eluates from urine can be treated per day when the analyzer is operated continuously. PMID- 7320126 TI - Separation of acidic drugs in the microgram/ml range in untreated blood plasma by direct injection on liquid chromatographic columns. AB - Conditions are described that enable the injection of untreated, non-diluted blood plasma on liquid chromatographic columns for the determination of two acidic drugs. The mobile phase is chosen so that the plasma proteins are kept in solution. The influence of the number of plasma injections on the column back pressure and retention time have been studied. Quantitations could be made without sample losses. PMID- 7320125 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of bile pigments: separation and characterization of the urobilinoids. AB - The detailed analysis of faecal bile pigments by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. Non-aqueous reversed-phase systems with acetonitrile dimethyl sulphoxide or acetonitrile-dimethyl sulphoxide-methanol as the mobile phase on C1, C8 or C18-bonded silica are used for the group separation of verdinoids, violinoids and urobilinoids. A silica column, with acetonitrile-water tetraethylene-pentamine as mobile phase, separates the laevorotatory stercobilin (C33H46N4O6) and half-stercobilin (C33H44N4O6) from the optically inactive urobilin (C33H42N4O6). The diastereoisomers are resolved by converting the urobilinoids into their dimethyl esters before chromatography on a silica column with n-heptane-methyl acetate-methanol containing 1% of diethylamine as the solvent system. PMID- 7320127 TI - Isoelectric focusing, gel chromatography and electrophoresis of pyridoxalated and polymerized stroma-free haemoglobin. PMID- 7320128 TI - Interaction of heme proteins and thyroid hormone. II. Localization of the site on thyroid hormone that binds to hemoglobin. PMID- 7320129 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of progesterone and its metabolites. PMID- 7320130 TI - Determination of aprophen in biological samples by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320131 TI - Affinity chromatography of acetylcholinesterase. The use of Amberlite CG-120 for dissociating the enzyme-inhibitor complex. AB - Acetylcholinesterase from rat brain was solubilized with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100 and purified by affinity chromatography. Two different ligands were investigated. The most efficient purification was obtained when the enzyme was eluted from a column containing the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor N-methyl-3-aminopyridinium iodide covalently linked to Sepharose 2B. An initial recovery of 6% of the applied enzyme increased to 70% after treatment with Amberlite CG-120. The partially purified enzyme had a specific activity of 205 mumoles min-1 mg-1 and a purification of 162-fold with respect to the brain homogenate and 44-fold with respect to the Triton solubilized enzyme. The effect of metal cations on the stability of the partially purified enzyme during storage at --20 degrees C was also investigated. The addition of MgCl2 to the purified enzyme prevented the rapid loss of enzyme activity. PMID- 7320132 TI - Continuous-flow scanning of selected high-performance liquid chromatography peak components by microprocessor control. Application to analysis of extracts from human lymphocytes. AB - Continuous-flow wavelength scanning of compounds separated by high-performance liquid chromatography is achieved through the use of fixed and variable wavelength micro ultraviolet detectors connected in series but separated by a low pressure three-way valve. Activation of the valve allows entrapment of selected peaks in the variable-wavelength detector without interfering with the response of the fixed-wavelength detector which is utilized for peak quantitation. A microprocessor program is employed to maintain control and accuracy during the scanning sequence. Good correlation was found between ultraviolet spectra of standards obtained on a conventional spectrometer and those on separated peaks. This system allows the identification and quantification of picomole amounts of peaks separated during one analysis of a biological sample. PMID- 7320133 TI - The determination of O,S,S-trimethylphosphorodithioate in the plasma and various tissues of rats using high-resolution gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. AB - A method has been developed for the determination of O,S,S trimethylphosphorodithioate in the plasma, lung, liver, brain and thymus of rats using high-resolution gas chromatography. The organophosphorus compound was extracted from the biological sample with ethyl acetate and analysed on a carbowax 20M fused-silica capillary column with a nitrogen-phosphorus specific detector. O,S,S-Triethylphosphorodithioate was used as an internal standard added to the sample before extraction. The sensitivity of the method allowed the compound to be measured in 0.1-ml aliquots of plasma or in 20-mg wet weight of tissue down to a level of 5 ng/sample. The method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in the rat after an oral or intravenous dosage with 25 mg/kg of O,S,S-trimethylphosphorodithioate. PMID- 7320134 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of pergolide and its metabolite, pergolide sulfoxide, in microbial extracts. PMID- 7320135 TI - Histamine analysis on a single column amino acid analyzer. PMID- 7320136 TI - Determination of 17-oxosteroids in serum and urine by fluorescence high performance liquid chromatography using dansyl hydrazine as a pre-labeling reagent. AB - A fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of 17-oxosteroids in biological fluids. 17-Oxosteroids in urine samples are extracted with dichloromethane after enzymatic hydrolysis (beta glucuronidase-sulfatase), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum samples is solvolysed with sulfuric acid in ethyl acetate. 17-Oxosteroids are labeled with dansyl hydrazine in trichloroacetic acid-benzene solution, and then chromatographed on the microparticulate silica gel column using dichloromethane ethanol-water (400 : 1 : 2) as the mobile phase. The eluate is monitored by a fluorophotometer at 365 nm (excitation) and 505 nm (emission). Linearities of the fluorescence intensities (peak heights) with the amounts of various 17 oxosteroids were obtained between 60 and 1000 pg. The assay proved satisfactory with respect to sensitivity, precision and accuracy. The results obtained by a radioimmunoassay and this method were in good agreement (r = 0.964, n = 81) for serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. This method is also use for the simultaneous determination of individual 17-oxosteroids in serum and urine. PMID- 7320137 TI - Analysis of barbiturates in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for the identification and quantification of barbiturates in blood at therapeutic levels had been developed. An ODS-silica column is used with an eluent of 40% methanol at pH 8.5. The barbiturates are detected at 240 nm. The sample preparation procedure involves extraction of unfractionated blood (100 microliter) with hexane-diethyl ether (50 : 50, v/v) ang is very rapid. Talbutal is used as an internal standard. The method has been applied to the determination of five barbiturates (amylobarbitone, butobarbitone, cyclobarbitone, pentobarbitone and quinalbarbitone) in blood after therapeutic doses of the drugs. An application of the HPLC assay to forensic casework is demonstrated. PMID- 7320138 TI - Sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in plasma, saliva and urine. AB - A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of methotrexate (MTX) and its two active metabolites, 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH MTX) and and 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid (APA) in plasma, saliva and urine was developed. The method involved deproteinization with acetonitrile followed by addition of isoamyl alcohol and ethyl acetate. After extraction the sample was chromatographed on a cation-exchange column and monitored at 313 nm. The retention times were 5, 7 and 9 min and detection limits 20, 10 and 5 ng/ml for 7 OH-MTX, MTX and APA, respectively. For concentrations greater than 100 ng/ml one step deproteinization of 0.1 ml sample with 0.25 ml acetonitrile was satisfactory for sample preparations. The method has been evaluated in samples from patients and rabbits receiving MTX. PMID- 7320139 TI - Studies on steroids. CLXX. Separation and determination of bile acid 3-sulfates in human bile by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for the simultaneous determination of sulfated bile acids in human bile without prior hydrolysis and solvolysis is described. The sulfate fraction was obtained from a bile specimen by passing it through a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge, followed by group separation by ion-exchange chromatography on a lipophilic gel, piperidinohydroxypropyl Sephadex LH-20. Subsequent resolution into the 3-sulfates of unconjugated, glycine- and taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholate, cholate, chenodeoxycholate, deoxycholate and lithocholate was attained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an SC-02 column. Separation of these sulfates was effected when acetonitrile-0.5% ammonium carbonate (8:31, 8:26 and 8:23, v/v) was used as mobile phase. The sulfated bile acids in human bile were unequivocally identified on the basis of their behaviour in HPLC using mobile phases of various PH values. The present method proved to be applicable to the characterization and quantitation of sulfated bile acids in human bile. PMID- 7320140 TI - Determination of 2-hydroxydesipramine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of 2 hydroxydesipramine (2-OH-DES) in plasma is described, using 2-hydroxyimipramine (2-OH-IMI) as the internal standard. Extraction of the plasma samples by methylene chloride-isoamyl alcohol was followed by back-extraction of 2-OH-DES into acidic phosphate buffer. Precautions include silanizing test tubes and rinsing pipettes to minimize adsorptive loss, and washing with extraction solution to eliminate chromatographic interference peaks. Analyses are carried out by using a high carbon load C-18 column (15%) with phosphate buffer acetonitrile as the mobile phase at 43 degrees C. Detection of 254 nm was monitored at extended attenuation of 0.001 or 0.002 a.u.f.s. Peak height ratios of 2-OH-DES/2-OH-IMI were linearly correlated with 2-OH-DES concentration between 10 and 100 ng/ml of plasma. Detection limit was 3 ng. Coefficients of variation for within-run and day-to-day studies were 2.2% and 5.0%, respectively. A significant amount of 2-OH-DES was identified from the plasma extract of a psychiatric patient taking a daily dose of desipramine. This assay may be used for monitoring of 2-OH-DES in evaluating clinical side effects and for pharmacokinetics studies. PMID- 7320141 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation, isolation and identification of 1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxaldoxime glucuronide in rabbit urine. AB - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate and isolate the glucuronic acid conjugate of 1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxaldoxime from urine of rabbits after intravenous injection of the oxime. The conjugate was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as its trimethylsilylated methyl ester and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Additional information was obtained from thin-layer chromatography and high-voltage paper electrophoresis. PMID- 7320142 TI - Determination of ibuprofen in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography and application to ibuprofen disposition. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation of ibuprofen from serum and application of this method to ibuprofen disposition in the dog is described. The drug was extracted from acidified plasma with dichloromethane. The internal standard used was a methanolic solution of 4-n-butylphenylacetic acid. A muBondapak C18 column was used for analysis; this mobile phase was methanol-water glacial acetic acid (pH 3.4) (75 : 24 : 1, v/v). A wavelength of 272 nm was used to monitor ibuprofen and the internal standard. Method sensitivity was 0.5 microgram/ml serum using either 0.5 or 1.0 ml of sample, and no interference was found from endogenous compounds or other commonly used anti-inflammatory agents. The coefficients of variation of the method were 4.2% and 6.0% for sample containing 50.0 and 6.25 microgram/ml of ibuprofen, respectively, and the calibration curve was linear for the range of 0.5 to 100 microgram/ml. This method was demonstrated to be suitable for pharmacokinetic and/or biopharmaceutical studies of ibuprofen in man and the dog. PMID- 7320143 TI - Analysis of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine in suspensions of cardiac myocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320144 TI - Rapid assay of spermidine synthase activity for high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320145 TI - Sensitive gas chromatographic method for the determination of alphadolone in plasma. PMID- 7320146 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of acetaminophen in plasma: single-dose pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 7320147 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolites in dog plasma. PMID- 7320148 TI - Determination of allopurinol and oxipurinol in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320149 TI - Determination of phenylpyruvic acid in urine and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A highly sensitive and simple method for the determination of phenylpyruvic acid in urine and serum is described which employs high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Phenylpyruvic acid, after extraction with ethyl acetate, is reacted with 4'-hydrazino-2-stilbazole in aqueous methanol to give the corresponding fluorescent hydrazone which is separated by reversed phase chromatography on muBondapak Phenyl. The lower limits of detection are 25 and 32 pmol for phenylpyruvic acid in 0.2 ml of urine and serum, respectively. This sensitivity permits the determination of the acid in urine or normal adults and newborn infants. PMID- 7320150 TI - Hydrophilic ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous assay of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in serum: a microscale procedure. PMID- 7320151 TI - Quantitation of D-tubocurarine in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320152 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of labetalol in human plasma using fluorimetric detection. PMID- 7320153 TI - Micro high-performance liquid chromatographic system with micro precolumn and dual electrochemical detector for direct injection analysis of catecholamines in body fluids. AB - A new micro high-performance liquid chromatographic system has been developed, which determines catecholamines from directly injected human urine without any sample pretreatment. The system consists of a mixing junction for adjusting the sample to pH 8.5, a micro alumina precolumn for enriching catecholamines in the sample, and a dual electrochemical detector for selectively detecting catecholamines based on their electrochemical reversibility. The system is able to operate with directly injected body fluids and to determine simultaneously all of the four catecholamines with high precision. PMID- 7320154 TI - Post-column derivatization of guanidino compounds in high-performance liquid chromatography using ninhydrin. AB - A new method for the high-performance liquid chromatography of guanidino compounds using ninhydrin as the fluorescence reagent is described. Use of organic solvent is not required since ninhydrin is highly soluble in aqueous media, and the problem of precipitation formation occurring in the phenanthrenequinone method was avoided. Creatine was also assayed in the present procedure. Separation of ten guanidino compounds was completed within 30 min using a small-size (38 X 4.2 mm I.D.) strong cation-exchange column. PMID- 7320155 TI - Histamine in tissue: determination by high-performance liquid chromatography after condensation with o-phthaldialdehyde. AB - Histamine was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in perchloric acid extracts after condensation with o-phthaldialdehyde. Fluorescence was monitored at 360 nm excitation and 450 nm emission wavelengths after elution with mixtures of 0.1 N acetic acid containing 0.1% pentanesulfonic acid and acetonitrile. The detection limit was 0.9 pmol of histamine. The histamine content was determined in rat whole brain, medulla oblongata, dorsal and ventral spinal cord, dorsal and ventral skin of the hind paw, stomach, ileum, rectum, lung and a hind-quarter perfusate, and compared to published data. The advantages of the described method over other methods are (A) rapid analysis in an automated system, (B) no selective extraction procedure is necessary, and (C) interfering substances are easily separated from the histamine fluorophore. PMID- 7320156 TI - Gel chromatography of heparin. AB - It is assumed that heparin is a heterogeneous substance. In order to further investigate the purification of heparin, a column chromatographic technique for the fractionation of heparin is described using various diameters of bead form cross-linked dextran gels and an automated apparatus. It was observed that Sephadex G-50 resulted in the separation of three well formed peaks and provided superior resolution compared to all other gels. One of the peaks, representing 51% of the original material, possessed strong anticoagulant activity as measured by the recalcification time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and the anti-Xa test. This peak also possessed strong metachromasia after electrophoresis as well as having a very potent anticoagulant effect in vivo. This technique may have a significant role in the purification of this agent from tissue sources. PMID- 7320157 TI - Quantitative determination of nefopam in human plasma, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid by gas-liquid chromatography using a nitrogen-selective detector. AB - A sensitive and selective gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of nefopam in human plasma, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid has been developed. The method includes the selective extraction of nefopam and the internal standard, orphenadrine, from biological fluids by a double extraction procedure. The extracted nefopam and internal standard are analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a 3% OV-17 glass column and a nitrogen-phosphorus flame ionization detector (NPFID) operated in the nitrogen mode. The detector provides the needed high sensitivity and also selectivity due to the inherent characteristics of NPFID to discriminate against non-nitrogen containing materials. Five nanograms nefopam per ml plasma or saliva are routinely quantitated with a 1-ml sample or as little as 2 ng per ml cerebrospinal fluid with a 3-ml sample. The intra-day reproducibilities, expressed as the relative standard deviation, are 5, 2 and 3% at 10, 35 and 75 ng/ml plasma levels, respectively. The accuracies expressed by relative error at these levels are 12, -4 and -2%, respectively. The inter-day reproducibility is demonstrated by the small relative standard, deviation, 2%, of the slopes from ten plasma standard curves run on ten different days. In various clinical studies in humans the method has been successfully applied to the study of single-dose pharmacokinetics of nefopam and the monitoring of nefopam concentrations in saliva and cerebrospinal fluids. PMID- 7320158 TI - Simultaneous determination of chloroquine and its desethyl metabolite in human plasma by gas chromatography. AB - A gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine and its metabolite desethylchloroquine in plasma described. Chloroquine, desethylchloroquine and internal standard are extracted as bases with n-hexane pentanol (90:10) and then back-extracted to an acid aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is made alkaline and after re-extraction into chloroform and evaporation of the chloroform, acylation with trifluoroacetic anhydride is performed. Separation is achieved on an OV-17 column at 250 degrees C. Chloroquine and desethylchloroquine can be determined down to 0.1-0.2 mumol/l (30-60 ng/ml), with a coefficient of variation of 12%, using a nitrogen detector. The method shows good correlation (r = 0.98) with a recently developed liquid chromatographic method. PMID- 7320159 TI - Determination of cannabidiol in plasma by electron-capture gas chromatography. AB - A procedure was developed for the analysis of cannabidiol (CBD) in blood plasma. Tetrahydrocannabidiol was used as an internal standard and was added prior to extraction. The plasma extracts were derivatized with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and the produce purified on a mini-column of Florisil. The pentafluorobenzyl derivatives were then analyzed by gas chromatography on a 5% OV-225 column using an electron-capture detector. A detection limit of 50 ng CBD per ml of plasma was observed. The procedure was used to study the plasma level of CBD after its oral and intravenous administration to monkeys. PMID- 7320160 TI - A gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric study of profiles of volatile metabolites in hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Volatile organic substances present in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluids of certain control groups of human subjects and cirrhotic patients some of whom were suffering from hepatic encephalopathy were quantitatively analysed and identified. A rapid, reproducible, direct injection capillary column gas chromatographic method was developed for the concentration and detection of such volatiles at mg/l and lower concentrations. Of at least forty volatiles detected, twenty-one were identified. The mean concentration of one of these, 3 methylbutanal, was found to be significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) in chronic encephalopathics (2.37 +/- 0.79 mg/l, n = 18), when compared to the controls (0.30 +/- 0.08 mg/l, n = 20). Furthermore, the concentration of this component increased with the clinically diagnosed severity of the encephalopathic state. The presence of 3-methylbutanal is related to leucine, a branched-chain amino acid linked with hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 7320161 TI - New polar acid metabolites in human urine. AB - A sequence of chromatographic methods (thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and glass capillary gas chromatography) was used to separate the acid fraction of human urine. The power of this method to separate and detect previously unknown compounds and the elucidation of their final structure with mass spectrometry is exemplified by the identification of N acetyl-2-aminooctanoic acid as a metabolic compound in the urine of healthy individuals. In addition, the conjugate of glycine with indolepropionic acid, N formylanthranilic acid, succinoylphenylalanine, delta-hydroxyvaleric acid, beta hydroxycapric acid, 3-hydroxyadipic acid, and higher homologues were detected in a polar fraction of human urine. PMID- 7320162 TI - Volatiles of exogenous origin from the human oral cavity. AB - The volatiles found in the headspace above male and female saliva were examined by combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. This had led to the identification of a number of constituents of exogenous origin. The most likely source of these products are atmospheric and water pollutants as well as food stuffs and cosmetic products. Volatiles from saliva represent a potential medium for the detection of reproductive states as well as local and systemic diseases. Consequently, knowledge of compounds not arising from the body's metabolic process if important to prevent their identification as anomalous metabolites. PMID- 7320163 TI - Quantitative gas chromatography--chemical ionization mass spectrometry of 2 ketoglutarate from urine as its O-trimethylsilyl-quinoxalinol derivative. PMID- 7320164 TI - Gas chromatographic--mass fragmentographic determination of homopantothenic acid in plasma. AB - A gas chromatographic--mass fragmentographic method was developed for the determination of homopantothenic acid in plasma. Acidified plasma was deproteinized by extraction with chloroform and subsequently the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer containing homopantothenic acid was reduced to dryness, and the resulting residue was redissolved in N,O bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide--pyridine solution to allow trimethylsilylation. Aliquots of this solution were injected into the gas chromatograph--mass spectrometer and analyzed by the selected ion monitoring method using L-ascorbic acid as an internal standard. The detection limit for homopantothenic acid was 5 ng/ml of plasma. A precise and sensitive assay for the determination of homopantothenic acid in plasma was established. PMID- 7320165 TI - Analysis of the monosaccharide compositions of total non-dialyzable urinary glycoconjugates by the dithioacetal method. PMID- 7320166 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for base and nucleoside analysis in extracellular fluids and in cells. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography based methods for the study of the metabolism of purine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides have been developed. These methods, using 200--50 microliter samples of extracellular fluids and employing isocratic separations, can measure a wide range of compounds. Hypoxanthine, xanthine and uridine concentrations in plasma from normal men are relatively stable. Species differences have been detected: concentrations of cytidine are higher in rat and mouse serum than in man, since the concentrations of uridine are similar; purine/pyrimidine ratios may be different. Fetal calf serum used for tissue culture contains about a 40 times higher concentration of hypoxanthine than the less-effective calf serum. Use of the methods appears to be justified in the assessment of the metabolic damage due to severe hypoxia and/or ischaemia. PMID- 7320167 TI - Simultaneous determination of D- and L-thyroxine in human serum by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - A method for the determination of D- and L-thyroxine in human serum is described. The method involves extraction of thyroxine from serum and the separation of thyroxine enantiomers on a reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic column by use of a chiral eluent containing L-proline and cupric sulfate. Satisfactory resolution of the enantiomers of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and reverse triiodothyronine can be achieved in 12 min and, employing amperometric detection to monitor the separation, the detection limit for serum thyroxine is in the range of 1--3 ng per injected sample. PMID- 7320169 TI - Simultaneous determination of blood concentrations of methohexital and its hydroxy metabolite by gas chromatography and identification of 4' hydroxymethohexital by combined gas--liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry. AB - A simple, sensitive and selective method is described for the simultaneous determination of low concentrations (less than 50 ng/ml) of underivatized methohexital and its hydroxy metabolite in small (0.1 ml) samples of human and rat plasma or whole blood by gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection. Moreover, the main metabolite in rat and man was identified as 4' hydroxymethohexital by comparison of chromatograms from gas--liquid chromatography (GLC) with data obtained from GLC--mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry of this metabolite, produced both by incubating methohexital with isolated rat liver microsomes and by isolating this metabolite from rat urine. PMID- 7320168 TI - Separation of bilirubin species in serum and bile by high-performance reversed phase liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance, reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure has been developed for the separation of at least three major bilirubin fractions in bile and four fractions in human serum. This procedure was unlike most others, in that serum was not totally deproteinized prior to injection onto the HPLC column; instead, serum was treated with an excess of sodium sulfate solution to precipitate primarily proteins larger than albumin. Injection of the filtered and diluted supernatant onto a reversed-phase column then resulted in the separation of the bilirubin species in a 24-min gradient elution run. Both the initial aqueous acidic mobile phase and the final isopropyl alcohol-based mobile phase contained 5% methoxyethanol (v/v) to facilitate elution of albumin still present in the treated sample. Bilirubin species eluting from the column were detected by absorbance at 450 nm. Results of a number of chromatographic separations of pathological sera indicated a wide variation in the relative proportions of the four bilirubin fractions observed. A correlation of the sum of the areas of the bilirubin peaks observed by HPLC was found with the total bilirubin value obtained by a standard reference procedure. PMID- 7320170 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of papaverine in whole blood. PMID- 7320171 TI - Determination of bumetanide in the plasma of non-human primates by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320172 TI - Improved sample preparation for the quantitative mass spectrometric determination of prostaglandins in biological samples. PMID- 7320173 TI - Evaluation of the relative efficacy of various techniques for deproteinizing plasma samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. PMID- 7320174 TI - Assay of catechol O-methyltransferase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. PMID- 7320175 TI - Rapid separation of platelet nucleotides by reversed-phase, isocratic, high performance liquid chromatography with a radially compressed column. PMID- 7320176 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination and time--concentration studies of riboflavin in hemodialysate from uremic patients. PMID- 7320177 TI - Separation and identification of dansylated human serum and urinary amino acids by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Application to aminoacidopathies. PMID- 7320178 TI - Improved thin-layer chromatographic assay for monitoring lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in amniotic fluid. PMID- 7320179 TI - Determination of biperiden in human serum by glass capillary gas chromatography with isothermal splitless injection and nitrogen-sensitive detection. PMID- 7320180 TI - Determination of penicillamine and other thiols by combined high-performance liquid chromatography and post-column reaction with Ellman's reagent: application to human urine. PMID- 7320181 TI - Determination of methyclothiazide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320182 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the antineoplastic agent 9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol 2-yl hydrazone) dihydrochloride. PMID- 7320183 TI - Determination of the diuretic agent metolazone in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 7320185 TI - Quantitative high pressure liquid chromatography of 6-thioguanine in biological fluids. AB - The determination of 6-thioguanine in human plasma and urine is described. By using isocratic reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) the purine analogues, 6-thioguanine, guanine, 8-azaguanine, allopurinol, oxipurinol, and uric acid, are completely separated within 8 min. the sensitivity of the assay for 6-thioguanine is 0.2 microgram/ml (1.2 x 10(-6) M) with a precision of 3.7%. The applicability for clinical monitoring in a patient's plasma and urine is demonstrated. PMID- 7320184 TI - The separation and quantitation of the narcotic components of illicit heroin using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. AB - The separation of heroin from other narcotic components of illicit preparations is achieved by high performance liquid chromatography. Using an aminopropyl bonded silica packing and a mixture of 85% acetonitrile and 15% 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate as the mobile phase, caffeine, heroin, acetylcodeine, 6-acetylmorphine, codeine, and morphine are separated from each other and are accurately quantified. Papaverine, noscapine, thebaine, and strychnine are also separated from these principal components. PMID- 7320186 TI - A multiresidue approach to the identification of food packaging-derived volatiles in foods and containers. AB - A rapid approach to the tentative identification of food packaging-derived volatile residues in foods and containers by use of headspace sampling, capillary gas chromatography, and a computer data search program is described. Headspace vapors of samples are analyzed on Ov-101 and Carbowax 20M columns. Peak retention time data of a sample on both columns are compared with those of common packaging raw materials, by-products, and processing agents maintained in a standard reference file. A list of possible identities based on the chromatographic peaks is compiled and printed out. Additional supporting data, such as relative peak response on each column, are examined to make a tentative identification. Other methods must be employed to confirm these identifications. PMID- 7320187 TI - [Pollinosis. Cedar pollinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320190 TI - [Studies on platelet adhesiveness (retention rate) in the aged subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320188 TI - [A histopathological study on the alteration on the pulmonary arterioles in the acquired valvular heart diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320189 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on lumbar venography: with special reference to the methods of transfemoral lumbar venography after Seldinger (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320191 TI - [The mechanism of ischemic brain edema (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320192 TI - [Morphological study of the ora serrata of the human retina (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320193 TI - [Study on gastric mucosal lesions accompanying acute viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320195 TI - [Manometer with a very small pressure transducer (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320194 TI - [Effect of lecithin-bound iodine on allergic reaction and immune response (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320196 TI - [Ototoxicity antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 7320197 TI - Metabolic changes of biogenic amines in human brain tumor tissues. HPLC and clinical application (I). PMID- 7320198 TI - Modulation of esophageal peristalsis by vagal efferent stimulation in opossum. AB - Experiments were performed on anesthetized opossums to study the influence of vagal efferent stimulation on peristalsis in the esophageal smooth muscle using various stimulus parameters. Current intensity, pulse duration, frequency, and train duration were varied systematically. Electrical and mechanical activities were recorded simultaneously at 5, 3, and 1 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Vagal efferent stimulation produced a spike burst and contraction with a latency after the termination of the stimulus. This latency varied at different sites with the same stimulus parameters. For example, a stimulus of 5 mA, 0.5 ms, 10 Hz, and 1-s train produced latencies for the electrical response of 1.48 +/- 0.04, 2.2 +/- 0.12, and 3.5 +/- 0.09 s (+/- SEM) at 5, 3, and 1 cm above LES, respectively. The differences in latency were statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The latency of response at any one site also changed with different stimulus parameters; e.g. at 1 cm above LES, the latency of electrical response at 10 Hz was 3.5 +/- 0.09 s, but at 20 Hz the latency was 2.01 +/- 0.06 s when current intensity, pulse, and train duration remained at 5 mA, 0.5 ms, and 1 s. This decrease in latency with increasing frequency was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). By changing stimulus parameters, antiperistalsis or peristalsis with different speeds of propagation could be induced. Antiperistalsis or simultaneous responses occurred near threshold stimulus parameters. Suprathreshold stimuli produced peristaltic responses. Speed of peristalsis in the distal esophagus was 1.82 +/- 0.08 cm/s with swallowing, which was not different from 1.98 +/- 0.14 cm/s (P greater than 0.05) with vagal stimulation of 5 mA, 0.5 ms, 10 Hz, and 1-s train. These studies suggest that: (a) peristalsis in the smooth muscle part of the esophagus can be explained entirely on the basis of peripheral mechanisms, and (b) the central nervous system may modulate the occurrence, polarity, and speed of propagation by modifying the intensity and frequency of vagal activation. PMID- 7320199 TI - Leucine meal increases glutamine and total nitrogen release from forearm muscle. AB - To assess the consequences of elevated branched chain amino acid levels on alanine, glutamine, and ammonia metabolism in muscle, L-leucine meals (14.7 g) were consumed by six normal postabsorptive individuals. Bilateral forearm studies were performed, and the dominant arm was subjected to 15 min of light exercise, using a calibrated dynamometer, beginning 45 min after the ingestion of the meal. Large uptakes of leucine were seen across both forearm muscle beds within 30 min of the meal. After exercise, blood flow in the dominant arm increased from 3.1 +/ 0.4 to 5.2 +/- 0.9 ml/100 ml forearm per minute (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.005). Glutamine flux out of the dominant forearm increased threefold after the ingestion of the leucine meal and increased eightfold over base line after exercise. Less marked changes (significant only at 90 min) in the nonexercised, nondominant arm were also seen. Alanine flux out of the dominant forearm muscle bed increased modestly at 75 and 90 min. No significant change in ammonia flux across either forearm muscle bed was noted. Unexpectedly, large and significant net nitrogen loss from both forearm muscle beds was documented. Thus, following the ingestion of a leucine meal and light exercise, the primary means by which excess nitrogen is routed out of muscle is via glutamine formation and release with alanine and ammonia pathways playing relatively minor roles. More importantly, the ingestion of significant amounts of leucine by normal subjects, presumably in optimal nitrogen balance, results in a net loss of nitrogen from muscle. PMID- 7320200 TI - Posttranscriptional defects in beta-globin messenger RNA metabolism in beta thalassemia: abnormal accumulation of beta-messenger RNA precursor sequences. AB - The production of beta-globin messenger RNA (mRNA) in beta-thalassemic erythroblasts was studied during pulse-chase incubations with [3H]uridine. Globin [3H]mRNA was quantitated by molecular hybridization to recombinant DNA probes complementary to globin mRNA and mRNA precursor sequences. Each of six patients with beta +-thalassemia produced normal amounts of globin alpha and beta [3H]mRNA during a 20-min pulse incubation, but the beta/alpha [3H]mRNA ratio declined to steady-state levels during a chase incubation, suggesting posttranscriptional defects in beta-globin mRNA metabolism. beta-globin mRNA precursor production was estimated by measurement of [3H]RNA sequences hybridizing to a pure DNA probe containing only the large intervening sequence (intron) of the beta-mRNA precursor. Four of the patients exhibited abnormal accumulation of 3H-beta-intron sequences (2-10 times normal), indicating abnormal posttranscriptional processing. In the remaining two patients, one of whom is known to carry a mutation in the small intron of the beta-globin gene, accumulation of large 3H beta-intron RNA and beta-globin [3H]mRNA was normal in nuclei, but the ratio of beta/alpha [3H]mRNA in cytoplasm was reduced, suggesting a different posttranscriptional defect in beta-mRNA processing. These findings imply the existence of heterogeneous posttranscriptional abnormalities in beta-globin mRNA metabolism in different patients with beta-thalassemia. The initial rates of gamma- and delta-mRNA synthesis were low in all patients, suggesting that the low level of expression of these genes in adults is mediated at the transcriptional level. PMID- 7320201 TI - Immunoglobulin E-rheumatoid factor in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and other diseases. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed to detect immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies that bound to human IgG. IgE-rheumatoid factor activity was found in the serum of 18 of 20 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, 1 of 4 patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, 3 of 32 patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, 3 of 32 patients with asthma, and in 1 patient with hypocomplementemic vasculitis and iodide sensitivity. Immunopathologic implications of IgE-rheumatoid factor are discussed. PMID- 7320202 TI - Prevalence, type, and correlates of psychiatric diagnoses in 200 children with communication disorder. AB - The type and prevalence of psychiatric disorders were assessed in 200 children with speech and language disorders referred to a suburban speech and hearing clinic. Possible correlates of psychiatric disorder, including demographic factors, medical and developmental problems, psychosocial stressors, and speech and language factors, were also assessed. Standardized psychiatric and speech and language evaluations were done for all subjects, as were IQ and academic testing. Approximately 50% of the sample had some definable psychiatric disorder. The most common diagnoses were behavior disorders, followed by emotional disorders. The presence of psychiatric disorder was strongly correlated with speech and language factors, as well as psychosocial stressors. These findings have implications for primary care practitioners and speech and language therapists involved in planning treatment programs for such children. PMID- 7320203 TI - Methylphenidate compared with behavioral self-control in attention deficit disorder: preliminary report. AB - The effects of methylphenidate and behavioral self-control training on sustained attention were compared in 12 boys aged 6-9 years. Subjects were of low-average intelligence and had academic and behavioral problems including distractibility, short attention span, and impulsiveness. Treatment conditions (baseline, placebo, methylphenidate, and behavioral self-control training) were assigned according to a single-subject randomized blocks design. Attention was measured by the Children's Checking Test (CCT). Methylphenidate improved performance on the CCT and was superior to the other treatment conditions. Several children benefited from behavioral training, but statistical analysis of this change was nonsignificant. These results are consistent with and extend those of previous studies. PMID- 7320204 TI - Teenage pregnancy: the forgotten father. AB - Fathers involved with teenage pregnancies have been neglected by the medical profession and social service agencies. The birth of a child has a profound impact on most fathers. The father plays an important role at all stages of the child's development, as evidenced by the adverse effects of father absence. Teenage fathers often do have a close, meaningful relationship with the mother, but many have difficulty coping with the pregnancy and the change in lifestyle created by the birth of a child. Agencies dealing with the pregnant teenager must include the father. Attempts to strengthen the father-mother and father-child relationship should be encouraged. Prevention of teenage pregnancy and its adverse consequences must ultimately involve the male if these efforts are to succeed. PMID- 7320205 TI - Teenage suicide. PMID- 7320206 TI - Injury prevention: the pediatrician as child advocate. PMID- 7320207 TI - The effect of intensive initial counseling on the retention of information by mothers of children with meningomyelocele. PMID- 7320208 TI - Information and opinions about behavior modification. PMID- 7320209 TI - Sex differences, response sets and response biases in fear assessment. PMID- 7320210 TI - The effect of modeling and selective attention on pain tolerance. PMID- 7320211 TI - A behavioral approach to stealing: a proposal for treatment based on ten cases. PMID- 7320212 TI - Efficacy of a money deposit contingency on clinical outpatients' attendance and participation in assertive training. PMID- 7320213 TI - The use of signposts and active training to modify ward disorientation in elderly patients. PMID- 7320214 TI - Videotaped exposure: a new treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders. PMID- 7320215 TI - The non-concurrent multiple baseline across-individuals design: an extension of the traditional multiple baseline design. PMID- 7320216 TI - Modifying food spillage behavior in an institutionalized retarded client. PMID- 7320217 TI - A daily alternation procedure for orgasmic reconditioning with a pedophile. PMID- 7320218 TI - Ameliorating parent-adolescent conflict with problem-solving communication training. PMID- 7320219 TI - Renal amyloidosis. PMID- 7320220 TI - The kidney and liver diseases. PMID- 7320221 TI - Uric acid, gout and the kidney. PMID- 7320223 TI - Genesis and evolution of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 7320222 TI - Analgesic nephropathy in the United Kingdom: Incidence, clinical features and pathogenesis. PMID- 7320224 TI - Old and new tests of renal function. PMID- 7320225 TI - New ways in dialysis. PMID- 7320227 TI - Hypothesis: when is a seminoma not a seminoma? PMID- 7320226 TI - Dialysis encephalopathy, bone disease and anaemia: the aluminum intoxication syndrome during regular haemodialysis. PMID- 7320228 TI - Health care costs of medical patients at an urban care center. AB - Many cost containment strategies advocate that physicians should use fewer or less costly resources. In order to place these strategies in perspective, components of charges (costs) for medical patients at an urban center were examined to ascertain their contribution to the total health care bill. Contributions to total costs by location of service were: inpatient, 77.9%; outpatient, 17.1%; emergency room, 5.0%. Contributions by cost category were: facility charge, 52.8%; tests, 25.6%; pharmaceuticals, 11.0%. A goal to reduce total costs by 5% would require reducing pharmaceuticals by 45.4% or tests by 19.5%. In contrast, the same goal could be accomplished by reducing hospitalization by only 6.4%. If a strategy increased ambulatory costs by 5%, but resulted in a 7.5% decrease in hospitalization, the total health care costs would still decrease by 5%. Thus, rather than using fewer and less costly resources, physicians are encouraged to use more resources in ambulatory care to prevent morbidity requiring hospitalization. PMID- 7320229 TI - Changing rates and indications for cesarean sections at a community hospital from 1972 to 1979. AB - The indications for all cesarean sections done at Charleston Area Medical Center from 1972 to 1979 were reviewed. The cesarean section rate rose from 4.4% in 1972 to 8.8% in 1975, to 17.2% in 1979. Repeat cesarean sections accounted for 30.3% of all cesarean sections. The increase in the rate of primary cesarean sections was due to more cesarean sections being done for old indications as well as for the additional indications. From 1972 to 1979, cesarean sections performed for indication of dystocia increased threefold, for fetal distress ninefold, and for breech presentation elevenfold. Dystocia, however, remained the leading indication for primary cesarean section. Even though more cesarean sections and fetal surveillance tests were done from 1976 to 1979 than from 1972 to 1975, the perinatal mortality rate during the two four-year periods was not significantly different. Recommendations are made to a more objective and rational evaluation of the need to perform cesarean sections and for a periodic audit of both the operation and cost-effectiveness of the newer technology. PMID- 7320230 TI - Is there a future for smoking cessation programs? AB - Given the marginal success rates of formal smoking cessation clinics and the small number of smokers who have participated in such clinics, it must be concluded that their impact on the public health problem of smoking has been negligible. This paper speculates about changes that would improve their performance and suggests the following: (1) clinics should be offered at existing organizational units, e.g., workplaces, where all the smokers can be readily informed about the program and also provide mutual support for nonsmoking; (2) an immediate inducement (money) should be made available to smokers for successful participation in the clinic; and (3) a pervasive social support system should be employed to help the smoker with the difficult problem of maintaining abstinence after it has been achieved. A program model is proposed that meets those criteria. Should the model prove effective, it might well apply to other health risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and serum cholesterol level, which, like smoking, are essentially behavior problems. PMID- 7320231 TI - Implementation of the health center concept in a rural community: a case study. AB - A comprehensive health center integrates inpatient, outpatient, and public health services within the same medical and administrative structure. While health centers have been widely developed in other countries, only limited implementation has occurred in the United States. This case study documents the successful implementation of the health center concept in a sparsely populated area of northwestern New Mexico. This remote geographic setting and the socioeconomic characteristics of the area's tricultural population are described. The evolution of the delivery system with its network of satellite clinics predominantly staffed by mid-level primary care providers is presented. Program development and funding for the provision of a wide range of preventive and curative health services supported by communication, transportation, outreach, education, public health, and administration components are analyzed. Problems purported to hinder the implementation of comprehensive health centers in the United States are discussed from an experimental perspective. PMID- 7320232 TI - Organization and development of brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken: dendritic development in N. laminaris. AB - Nucleus laminaris (NL) is a third-order auditory nucleus in the avian brain stem which receives spatially segregated binaural inputs from the second-order nuclei magnocellularis. The examination of the development of dendritic structure in NL revealed a number of events: In the initial period of dendritic growth (E 8--9) there is no gradient of dendritic morphology or apparent size. Starting about E 9 -10, there is a spatiotemporal gradient of proliferation of numerous fine dendritic processes, from rostromedial to caudolateral, corresponding with the morphological lamination of NL, and possibly with the onset of cell death. This is followed by a spatiotemporal gradient of the elimination of the overproliferated processes, from rostromedial to caudolateral possibly coinciding with the cessation of cell death. A result of the spatiotemporal gradients of dendritic process proliferation and elimination is a spatial gradient in the morphology (extension, branching) of the remaining "mature" dendrites. At E 15 there is only a slight spatial gradient of total dendritic size across NL; this gradient is larger at E 19, and by P 25 there is a 13-fold change in dendritic size from rostromedial to caudolateral. Regression analyses suggest the size gradient begins to form when NL activity becomes driven by cochlear activity, at about E 14. The progressive formation of the size gradient is largely the result of two factors: the growth of dendritic trees, and the loss or primary dendrites. The growth rate of the dendritic trees of NL cells was found to be very highly correlated with the intensities of the sound frequencies to which the cells respond. From E 15 to P 25 there is a 50% loss of the "mature" primary dendrites of NL neurons. The separate dorsal and ventral dendritic size gradients seen at E 15 realign to coincide at E 19, and the moderate correlation of dorsal and ventral dendritic sizes seen at E 15 and E 19 is significantly increased at P 25, indicating a developmental process of sharpening in the relationship of the dorsal and ventral dendritic organizations in the nucleus. The data suggest that a key element in the regulation of dendritic size and structure in n. laminaris may be the activity of the afferents to the cells. PMID- 7320233 TI - Cholecystokinin in hippocampal pathways. AB - The distribution of cholecystokininlike (CCK-L) immunoreactive cells and fibers in the rat hippocampal formation and its afferent and efferent connections was studied using the immunoperoxidase technique. In the hippocampal formation CCK-L immunoreactive perikarya were located in the polymorphic zone of the dentate hilus, all layers of Ammon's horn, the subiculum, the presubiculum, and the entorhinal cortex. Cholecystokininlike immunoreactive fibers extended from cell bodies or were located around the cell bodies in the entorhinal cortex, subiculum and stratum pyramidale of Ammon's horn, and among the granule cells and inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The immunoreactive cells in the stratum oriens may be a type of basket cell, since processes from these cells extend into stratum pyramidale and collections of CCK-L immunoreactive fibers are seen around cell bodies in stratum pyramidale. Cholecystokininlike immunoreactive fibers were also observed in the alveus, ventral and lateral fimbria, and ventrolateral lateral septal nucleus. Some of these immunoreactive fibers, therefore, being to either an efferent or afferent hippocampal pathway(s) originating from CCK-L immunoreactive pyramidal cells in the hippocampal formation and/or from the hippocampal subcortical nuclei, the supramammillary nucleus, and the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus which contain CCK-L immunoreactive perikarya. The distribution of these immunoreactive fibers in the fimbria and lateral septal nucleus is most consistent with an anteriorly directed efferent hippocampal pathway. PMID- 7320235 TI - Aging in the rat olfactory system: correlation of changes in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. AB - Two regions closely linked synaptically (olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb) have been compared in an age-graded series of rats. Previous findings of growth and atrophy of constituent elements in Sprague-Dawley Wisconsin (SD) rats have now been confirmed in Charles River (Crl) rats. In the olfactory bulbs of Charles River (Crl) rats, the volume of layers, the number of olfactory axodendritic synapses in the glomeruli, the total volume of glomerular dendrites, and the size of mitral cell bodies all approximately double between 3 and 24--27 months, and then all decrease by 36 months. Unlike SD rats, however, no loss in the number of mitral cells occurs in Crl rats, and the increase in volume of the olfactory bulbs from 3 to 24 months is approximately double that of SD rats. In the olfactory epithelium the total number of septal olfactory receptors more than doubles between 3 and 18--24 months and then declines markedly, as does the volume of olfactory axons in olfactory bulb glomeruli. Comparison of the regression lines for change in number of septal receptors with that of the size of mitral cell bodies discloses that the decline in number of receptors begins several months earlier than the decline in mitral cell size. This suggests that the atrophic changes in the olfactory bulb may in part be secondary to changes in the receptors of the olfactory epithelium. Numbers of synapses in the glomeruli appear to decline less markedly with age than the number of receptors, and a significant increase in number of synapses per receptor occurs in the oldest group studied (33 months), suggesting a compensatory increase in the relative number of synapses per receptor in the surviving receptors. PMID- 7320234 TI - Morphology of axosomatic endings in an avian cochlear nucleus: nucleus magnocellularis of the chicken. AB - The axonal endings formed on the somata of neurons in the brainstem auditory nucleus magnocellularis (NM) were measured and classified in thin-sectioned material from adult chickens. Degeneration of primary endings after destruction of the basilar papilla and labeling of cochlear nerve fibers by injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the inner ear were used to determine which ending types arise from the cochlear ganglion. About 60% of the perikaryal surface is apposed by primary type terminals. These primary endbulbs are characterized by round clear synaptic vesicles distributed at an average density of 63 vesicles/micrometers 2 and a number of small, punctate, highly asymmetrical synaptic contacts. The primary type is the only class of endings which disappears after destruction of the basilar papilla and which is consistently labeled after HRP injections into the ear. These endings probably account for the "fast" EPSP seen in NM during stimulation of the cochlear nerve. NM neurons receive two types of nonprimary ending. About 13% of the perikaryal surface is apposed by a morphologically homogeneous class of small "symmetrical" endings; these are characterized by a flattened rhomboidal shape, numerous mitochondria, frequent coated vesicles, and small round or ovoid synaptic vesicles at an average density of 165 vesicles/micrometers 2. Most of the length of the apposition between ending and cell body is occupied by a synaptic complex with thin symmetrical presynaptic and postsynaptic densities. These endings were frequently found on short somatic processes. The second nonprimary axosomatic ending type in NM is most easily identified in experimental material; these endings occupy about 5% of the cell surface area and have a distinctly rounded profile in cross section. These endings typically exhibit clear round synaptic vesicles at a density of 111 vesicles/micrometers 2 arrayed before synaptic contacts which occupy a substantially larger fraction of the total apposition length than in the endbulbs. Many of these synaptic contacts show well-defined presynaptic grids and have postsynaptic densities intermediate in width between the endbulbs and the symmetrical endings. This second type of nonprimary ending may be responsible for the long-latency excitatory post-synaptic potentials seen in intracellular recordings from NM during electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve. The morphology and distribution of the three ending types does not differ significantly along the posterior-to-anterior axis of NM. PMID- 7320236 TI - Structural patterns in the corpora pedunculata of orthoptera: a reduced silver analysis. AB - The calyx region and pedunculus of the corpora pedunculata ("mushroom bodies") were studied comparatively in reduced silver preparations of the brain from 16 species of Orthoptera representing four families (Acrididae, Gryllidae, Tettigoniidae, and Gryllacrididae). In the acridid grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum (de Geer), on which emphasis was placed, the concave primary calyx is bilayered and exhibits a special central zone. Globuli cell axons occur within both layers. The bulbous accessory calyx is unlayered and sends anterior extensions beneath the primary calyx. The main input tracts into primary and accessory calyx, respectively, are the tractus olfactorio-globularis and tritocerebral tract. The pedunculus consists of one barrel with three major fiber columns, of which two originate in the primary calyx and one in the accessory calyx. Its fibers display a coaxial arrangement, superimposed on the tripartite organization. Structural conditions in other acridids are similar. In the other families the calyx region similarly includes a bilayered primary calyx and unlayered accessory calyx. The latter, variable in form, is closely associated with the base of the primary calyx in tettigoniids and gryllacridids. The calyces receive the same major tracts as in acridids. The pedunculus is coaxially organized. These features are theorized to have originated as follows. In the progenitors of Orthoptera the corpora pedunculata included two mutually equivalent, bilayered calyces and a "double-barreled" pedunculus. The orthopteran primary calyx arose through coalescence of these calyces. Concomitantly, the two peduncular barrels fused into one. The accessory calyx originated at the base of the primary calyx, from the class of globuli cell axons of the latter's external layer. Probably this occurred in response to increased functional importance to tritocerebral input. PMID- 7320237 TI - The inoculation of rabbits with Dermatophilus congolensis and the simultaneous infection of sheep with D. congolensis and ORF virus. PMID- 7320238 TI - An electron microscopic study of the cell types in canine lymphoma and leukaemia. PMID- 7320239 TI - Experimental mycetoma infection in the goat. PMID- 7320240 TI - Experimental Corynebacterium equi infections of cattle. PMID- 7320241 TI - Pathological changes associated with cardiovascular trematodes (Digenea: Spirorchidae) in a green sea turtle Chelonia mydas (L). PMID- 7320242 TI - Red blood cell survival and faecal clearance in sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica. PMID- 7320243 TI - Eosinophilic enteritis in the dog: a case report with a brief review of the literature. PMID- 7320244 TI - Glomerular lesions in chronic interstitial nephritis in the dog: histological and ultrastructural features. PMID- 7320245 TI - Metastasizing chondrosarcoma in laboratory rats. PMID- 7320246 TI - Changes in cutaneous blood vessels in bovine dermatophilosis. PMID- 7320247 TI - Plasma membrane changes in murine cardiomyopathy. PMID- 7320248 TI - Two cases of neoplasia in captive genets (Genetta sp.). PMID- 7320249 TI - Chronic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in 2 Indian lions (Panthera leo persica). PMID- 7320250 TI - The effect of combining subtherapeutic concentrations of different ionophorous antibiotics on anticoccidial action in chickens. PMID- 7320251 TI - Ostertagia circumcincta infection of lambs, the effect of different intakes of larvae on skeletal development. PMID- 7320252 TI - An ultrastructural study of canine mesothelioma. PMID- 7320253 TI - Changes in the flow and composition of gastric lymph in sheep repeatedly infected with Ostertagia circumcincta. PMID- 7320254 TI - Babesia divergens infection of the Mongolian gerbil: titration of infective dose and preliminary observations on the disease produced. PMID- 7320255 TI - Pathological and clinical effects of Eimeria tenella in partially immune chickens. PMID- 7320256 TI - Serial studies on the development of cerebral amyloidosis and vacuolar degeneration in murine scrapie. PMID- 7320257 TI - The toxicity of Crotalaria saltiana to calves. PMID- 7320258 TI - Patch testing--a recapitulation. AB - Although patch testing continues to be one of the most useful office tools of the inquiring dermatologist, the procedure is not used as often as patients deserve. This article reviews the use of the patch test and emphasizes its utility in the practice of dermatology. Although simple to perform, the test requires experience and keen objectivity for accurate interpretation. The rewards are great, however, as between 5% and 10% of dermatology practice consists of contact dermatitis. Failure to diagnose this percentage of patients accurately constitutes an important omission on our parts. PMID- 7320259 TI - Laser therapy. Basic concepts and nomenclature. AB - Laser therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in treating many types of cutaneous vascular and pigmented lesions. Clinical and investigative studies on lasers are being published with increasing frequency, but is difficult to interpret and compare results because of lack of use of appropriate nomenclature regarding laser energy. We suggest that scientific communication in this expanding field will be improved if all future studies state: (1) irradiance (laser flux density) at the irradiated surface in watts/cm2, (2) laser beam cross sectional area and shape at the irradiated surface, (3) laser pulse duration or exposure time in seconds, (4) pulse repetition rate (pulsed lasers) in pulses per second, (5) treatment time segments and intervals between treatment times, (6) total treated skin area in cm2, (7) total number of applied laser pulses or exposures, and (8) the type of laser used and its spectral distribution. PMID- 7320260 TI - A kindred with congenital vellus hair cysts. AB - Vellus hair cysts were present from birth in two of four siblings and their mother. There has been no tendency for remission. This is the first report of vellus hair cysts appearing at birth, and the second report of a kindred in which there was apparent autosomal dominant inheritance. This disorder appears to represent a developmental anomaly of vellus hair follicles. PMID- 7320261 TI - A case of contact dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. AB - A young adult female patient, on prolonged corticosteroid therapy for nephrotic syndrome, developed erythema multiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis following a double exposure to a locally applied perfume. We believe that this route of exposure should be re-emphasized. Toxic epidermal necrolysis, or the scalded skin syndrome, has become a well-recognized entity which may be divided into three distinct subgroups: the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, nonstaphylococcal or drug-induced scalded skin syndrome, and idiopathic. We present a patient who developed a dermatitis on her chest and abdomen after using a spray cologne, which resulted in the development of erythema multiforme with progression toxic epidermal necrolysis and, ultimately, her death. PMID- 7320262 TI - A new noninvasive evaluation of muscular lesions in dermatomyositis: thallium 201 muscle scans. PMID- 7320263 TI - Psoriasis presenting as cutaneous horns. PMID- 7320264 TI - Why? PMID- 7320265 TI - Treatment of skin cancer with interstitial radiation revisited. PMID- 7320266 TI - The curious case of the radioactive ring. PMID- 7320267 TI - Prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 7320268 TI - Central trichoptilosis. PMID- 7320269 TI - Topical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 7320270 TI - Low ebb blubber blebs (thermonecrosis adiposa somnulosum) PMID- 7320271 TI - Kyrle-like lesions in two patients with renal failure undergoing dialysis. PMID- 7320272 TI - Acanthosis nigricans and nicotinic acid. PMID- 7320273 TI - Comment on "intramuscular corticosteroids". PMID- 7320274 TI - Socioeconomic issues in dermatology. AB - The organization and delivery of health services in the United States is currently being re-evaluated in light of emerging trends in the supply and distribution of physicians. The recent GMENAC report identified an impending physician surplus in many specialties and a near-balance situation for dermatology by 1990. In this paper we examine the supply, distribution, and economics of medical practice for dermatologists relative to other specialties. To address the prospect of increasing physician supply, we evaluate emerging national health manpower policies. In addition, we discuss potential effects of market forces in the health care sector. PMID- 7320275 TI - The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Medical Malpractice Closed Claim Study 1975-1978. A review of dermatologic claims. AB - The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Medical Malpractice Closed Claim Study 1975-1978 is the first major uniform nationwide survey of its kind. A total of 71,782 closed claims were reviewed during a 3 1/2-year period. Approximately one third of these claims involved indemnity payments. A review of the dermatologic closed claims with indemnity payments included in the study revealed that dermatologists accounted for 127 claims representing 0.7% of total paid claims, with payments totaling +2,549,125 representing 0.6% of total indemnity dollars paid. Since our specialty represents 1.4% of all practicing physicians, it is clear that the NAIC study reaffirms dermatology as being among the lowest malpractice risk specialties. PMID- 7320276 TI - Satiety role of the small intestine examined in sham-feeding rhesus monkeys. AB - A sham-feeding preparation utilizing rhesus monkeys was employed to investigate the anatomical site of origin of satiety signals in the gastrointestinal tract. A series of experiments in which food was diverted from the stomach, the small intestine, or both demonstrated that (a) food acting at the pregastric level is not sufficient to produce normal-sized meals, (b) the accumulation of food in the small intestine is necessary to produce normal-sized meals, and (c) a potent preabsorptive or postabsorptive satiety signal originates at the intestinal level. This unidentified satiety signal is sufficient to elicit satiety, can be dissociated from gastric emptying, and does not require the presence of gastric distention to operate. PMID- 7320277 TI - The ontogeny of feeding in rats: V. Influence of texture, home odor, and sibling presence on ingestive behavior. AB - Terry-cloth texture, home odor, and the presence of siblings modulate the ingestive behavior of infant rats. Unlike warmth, which affects ingestion in pups until at least 15 days of age, the relative importance of these other cues varies with the age of the pup. At 3 days, ingestion is dependent on warmth but is not influenced by the other cues. At 6 days, texture and home odor enhance ingestive behavior (intake, activity, mouthing, and probing), but the presence of siblings has no effect. Home odor or terry-cloth texture did not alter the ingestive behavior of 12-day-olds, but the presence of siblings enhanced milk intake. Thus, during development, the external sensory controls for ingestion become progressively more complex. Warmth serves as a primary permissive cue for ingestion in developing pups, but as pups grow older, other types of cues (such as odor, texture, or social stimuli) also gain significance. PMID- 7320278 TI - Behavioral effects of early rearing conditions and neonatal lesions of the visual cortex in kittens. AB - Kittens with neonatal lesions of the marginal and posterolateral gyri, along with unoperated controls, were reared either in an enriched environment or in laboratory cages. Kittens with lesions were inferior to controls at learning mazes and at discriminating forms and gratings, whether they were raised in enriched or impoverished conditions. Enrichment did not facilitate form or grating discrimination by either normal or operated cats, although such experience facilitated maze learning by both groups. It is concluded that early enrichment of sensorimotor experience was probably not the cause of the complete sparing of pattern vision after neonatal damage of the visual cortex reported in earlier studies. Discussion centers on task variables and completeness of the lesions as reasons for sparing of vision. PMID- 7320279 TI - Neonatal Frontal Lesions in the rat: sparing of learned but not species-typical behavior in the presence of reduced brain weight and cortical thickness. AB - Rats with complete removal of the cortex anterior to bregma in adulthood (frontal cortex) were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically with rats with similar removals at 7 or 25 days of age. Excision of the frontal cortex in adult rats produced transient aphagia, chronic motor abnormalities in feeding, a chronic drop in body weight, increased activity in running wheels, impaired performance at a spatial reversal learning task, and chronic abnormalities in a variety of species-typical behaviors, including swimming, food hoarding, and defensive burying. In contrast, similar lesions in infant rats failed to produce aphagia, a chronic drop in body weight, increased activity, or impaired learning of a spatial reversal task. Infant lesions did not allow sparing of complex species typical behaviors, however, such as those involved in feeding, swimming, hoarding, or defensive burying. Furthermore, when the brains of neonatally operated rats were compared with those of control rats or rats operated on in adulthood, there were striking differences. The cerebral hemispheres of the neonatal operates were smaller both in surface dimensions and weight, the thalamus was smaller, and the cerebral cortex was thinner. These data imply that there may be substantially less sparing of function following frontal cortex lesions in infancy than previously believed and that neonatal frontal lesions in rats have significant effects on brain development in regions far removed from the actual site of surgical excision. PMID- 7320280 TI - Daily biorhythmicity influences, homing behavior, psychopharmacological responsiveness, learning, and retention of suckling rats. AB - A total of 385 suckling rats were used to investigate the effects of 24-hr biorhythmicity on performance. Nest seeking (homing) in 7-day-old pups and its facilitation by d-amphetamine varied across time of day. Analysis of initial choice revealed that the pups' ability to detect and position themselves in the direction of the nest did not vary across time of day. Homing behavior was not an artifact of random activity level but was related to the pups' motor performance which varied with a daily rhythm. Circadian rhythmic influences on the acquisition and retention of an amphetamine-induced odor aversion were shown by manipulating time of day of conditioning and subsequent retention testing. The time of day effect on conditioning was attributed, in part, to daily rhythmic changes in the effectiveness of the unconditional stimulus. Retention was optimal in pups tested at the time of day corresponding to that of their original training. Time of day may serve as a contextual stimulus that is important for retention in immature as well as adult animals. An appreciation of these 24-hr rhythms is warranted for an accurate assessment of the behavioral competence of developing animals. PMID- 7320281 TI - Amnesia for discrete events in rats with fornicotomies: effects of interference on spatial alternation performance. AB - Rats, one groups with fornicotomies, and another group with control operations, were trained in several versions of a bar-press, spatial alternation task. In free operant conditions the fornicotomized rats showed adequate alternation performance when the bars were relatively separated by placement either at the ends of an alley or at the ends of the arms of a T-maze, but they were impaired when the bars were adjacent. Also, the fornicotomized rats failed to alternate after interpolation of either baffles or a 10-sec delay in the stem, both of which manipulations resulted in intervening turning responses before each choice. A failure to discriminate memories of relevant, discrete events from those of similar, intervening events appears best to account for the results. PMID- 7320282 TI - Attraction to odors in hamsters: an evaluation of methods. AB - Six different attraction tasks (one stimulus presented at a time) and five preference tasks were compared. In five of the six attraction tasks, one stimulus (vaginal secretion) was sniffed by males longer than any other stimulus, but the degree of difference between the stimulus and the others, and the relative attractiveness or aversiveness of the other stimuli, varied greatly across methods. One method was not useful for demonstrating differences in attraction to positive neutral odors but was useful for demonstrating aversions. In the preference tasks females demonstrated a significant preference for the odors of intact males over those of castrated males in four of the five methods, and again the strength of the preferences differed across methods. It is suggested that preference tasks are more sensitive and less subject to variability due to details of the method employed than are attraction tasks. Procedures in which the test animal's own home cage was used as the testing environment tended to emphasize effects due to novelty rather than the inherent attractiveness of the odorants. It is suggested that the use of novel objects as sources for test odors and the use of airstreams for delivery of odors reduce the salience of the test odorants. PMID- 7320283 TI - Syndrome produced by lesions of the amygdala in monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Behavioral effects of subtotal amygdaloid lesions were investigated in an attempt to dissociate some of the abnormalities seen after total amygdalectomy. Twelve monkeys received bilateral stereotaxic lesions centered in the basolateral amygdala, lateral amygdala, dorsal amygdala, or the temporal white matter lying adjacent to the lateral amygdala. These monkeys were compared with others with control operations. The control monkeys then received total amygdaloid lesions (AMX). The AMX monkeys exhibited the typical amygdaloid syndrome of hypoemotionality, meat eating, coprophagia, and excessive exploration. In contrast, the monkeys with subtotal amygdaloid lesions would not eat meat or feces, though they were more willing than control monkeys to investigate inanimate objects. Although minor changes in affect were observed, the extreme emotional changes seen after total amygdalectomy were found only in the monkey with the largest subtotal lesion. Only those animals that were hypoemotional showed a deficit in learning successive reversals of an object discrimination. This close association suggests that both the hypoemotionality and the successive reversal deficit arise from the same underlying dysfunction. PMID- 7320284 TI - Autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats during aversive classical conditioning. AB - An examination was made of the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses of 7-9-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and genetical control Wistar/Kyoto (WKY) rats during aversive classical conditioning. Subsequent to the development of conditioned responding (CRs), assessments were made of the effects of selective autonomic blockade by methyl atropine (10 mg/kg), phentolamine (2 mg/kg), and propranolol (2 mg/kg). The CR complex in the two strains consisted of pressor BP CRs in conjunction with vagally mediated decelerative HR CRs in the SHR strain and sympathetically mediated accelerative HR CRs in the WKY strain. The decelerative SHR HR CR did not appear to be secondary to baroreceptor reflex activity, although such activity did appear to be involved in the pressor BP and decelerative HR orienting response (OR) and unconditioned response (UR) complex of the SHRs on the initial application of the CS and the US, respectively. Augmented pressor BP ORs, CRs, and URs in the SHRs relative to the WKYs and differential drug effects on BP and HR baselines of the two strains suggested the presence of enhanced sympathetic activity in the SHRs that was not reflected in the SHR decelerative HR CR. Phentolamine unmasked evidence of reflex beta 2 vasodilation deficiency in the SHRs that could have contributed to the enhancement of their BP OR and CR. PMID- 7320285 TI - p-Chloroamphetamine: effects on tonic immobility, activity, and temperature in chickens. AB - The effects of p-chloramphetamine (PCA) on tonic immobility (TI) duration, activity, and temperature in chickens were examined in six experiments. In Experiment 1, intraperitoneal doses of 10 or 15 mg/kg PCA produced a significant attenuation of TI duration. The involvement of norepinephrine or dopamine in this effect is questionable since catecholamine synthesis inhibition with alpha-methyl p-tyrosine in Experiment 2 did not alter the PCA attenuation of TI duration. However, in the third and fourth experiments, serotonin synthesis inhibition with p-chlorophenylalanine produced a blockade of the PCA effect on TI when subjects were tested at 60, but not 10, min after PCA injection. A competing response interpretation of the PCA effect in terms of enhanced motor activity was ruled out in Experiment 5 since, in contrast to the hyperactivity observed in mammals, PCA produced a decrease in both open-field and stabilimeter activity. A PCA induced decrease in core temperature was observed in Experiment 6, and this effect also contrasts with the hyperthermia reported in rats following PCA injection. These results provide additional evidence that drug treatments that produce a serotonergic behavioral syndrome in rats result in attenuated TI duration in chickens, and they further document the existence of a curious mammalian-avian reversal in drug effects. PMID- 7320286 TI - Computed tomography for localization of parathyroid adenomas. AB - Fourteen consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism had computed tomography (CT) preoperatively to evaluate the use of CT in localizing parathyroid adenomas. The patients were scanned from above the level of the thyroid cartilage to the bifurcation of the trachea. Computed tomography correctly identified, prospectively, the site of the adenoma in 7 of 14 patients, including one adenoma that was ectopic in location. Nine of these patients also had barium esophagrams, and this study was accurate in only three of the nine. Our study suggests that CT may be beneficial in the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas, particularly those in ectopic locations. PMID- 7320287 TI - Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma by computed tomography. AB - A diagnosis of cervical parathyroid adenoma was made at computed tomography (CT) in two patients not initially suspected of having primary hyperparathyroidism. In each case, the lesion appeared as an oval shaped mass indenting and deforming the posterior surface of one lobe of the thyroid gland. In one patient, the lesion was sharply contrasted by iodine-containing thyroid tissue, which appeared denser than the adenoma. The significance of these findings is discussed as well as some of the problems encountered in the CT diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. PMID- 7320288 TI - Pulmonary varix: CT findings. PMID- 7320289 TI - Iodinated starch particles: new contrast material for computed tomography of the liver. AB - An iodinated starch suspension was used as a model particulate hepatic contrast agent for computed tomography (CT). The material, synthesized from starch and triiodobenzoic acid, formed a stable concentrated suspension, containing particles smaller than 4 micrometer. Following intravenous administration of 0.16 gI/kg to rabbits, approximately 85% of the injected dose was present in the liver, resulting in a 180 to 200 Hounsfield unit (1,000 scale) increase in liver CT value. The material produced marked and sustained normal liver opacification but no hepatic tumor enhancement. Lesions as small as 2 mm in diameter were detected. The approximate LD50 of the suspension in mice was 0.9 g I/kg. There were no signs of toxicity at sublethal doses. This suspension produces greater, more sustained, and more selective liver opacification than conventional biliary and urographic contrast materials. PMID- 7320290 TI - CT appearance of global renal infarction. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of global infarction of the kidney has not been previously reported. We report a clinically proven case as well as two other cases with clinical and radiographic findings consistent with renal infarction. The CT appearance of global renal infarction corresponds with its conventional intravenous urographic appearance. A thin rim of perfused cortical tissue, supplied by collateral vessels, surrounds the nonperfused central renal parenchyma. PMID- 7320291 TI - Computed tomography in calcified renal masses. AB - Five patients with calcified renal masses were evaluated with angiography and postcontrast computed tomography (CT). Computed tomography showed no contrast enhancement of the mass in four patients, three with avascular hypernephromas and one with a renal cyst; in each case, the lesion was totally avascular on angiography. In the fifth case, the lesion enhanced on CT and proved to be an aneurysm. It is concluded that angiography is most informative in calcified renal masses that demonstrate contrast enhancement on CT. PMID- 7320293 TI - Computed tomographic features of uterine myoma. PMID- 7320294 TI - Value of computed tomography in the detection and staging of recurrent rectal carcinomas. AB - We studied a series of 39 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis and abdomen following surgery for adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Based on the CT findings, recurrent rectal carcinoma was classified into one of four stages: Stage I, intraluminal mass without colon wall thickening; Stage II, colon wall thickening (greater than 1 cm) without invasion of adjacent structures; Stage IIIA, thickening of the colon wall with direct invasion of adjacent organs but not the pelvic sidewalls; Stage IIIB, extension of mass to pelvic sidewalls; and Stage IV, distant metastatic disease. All 30 patients with recurrent rectal carcinoma had positive CT scans. Overall accuracy was 95% with 0% false negative and 5% false positive interpretations. Results indicate that CT is an accurate method of detecting and staging recurrent rectal carcinoma and for aiding the selection of appropriate therapy. PMID- 7320292 TI - Hemorrhagic angiomyolipoma: demonstration by computed tomography. AB - Preoperative tissue specific diagnosis of renal angiomyolipomas is now frequently made by computed tomography (CT). Although hemorrhage of these hypervascular tumors is a common cause for presentation, it is rarely recognized preoperatively. We present two cases of large, solitary angiomyolipoma complicated by perinephric and intratumoral hemorrhage demonstrated by CT. PMID- 7320295 TI - Metrizamide CT cisternography and perioptic subarachnoid space imaging. AB - Opacification of the perioptic subarachnoid space (PSAS) is a normal occurrence. Opacification depends on the anatomy of the meningeal layers surrounding the optic nerves. To determine the reliability and the most efficacious technique for opacifying the PSAS, a retrospective study of 200 computed tomographic cisternography studies with water soluble contrast medium (metrizamide or iopamidol) was undertaken. Of these patients, 32.5% had opacification of the PSAS. Opacification was facilitated by examining the patients in the prone position. Demonstration of the PSAS was frequently noted in patients with empty sella and rhinorrhea. PMID- 7320296 TI - Identification of the optimal orientation of oblique sections through multiple parallel CT images. AB - A method for identifying the optimal orientation of images of oblique sections computed from a "stack" of parallel computed tomography (CT) scans is presented. The identification of the optimal orientation is facilitated by the display of the stack of cross-sectional images (volume image) in three dimensions. Moreover, by displaying the section image as a brightened plane within the volume, imaged anatomic landmarks may be utilized to guide the process of identifying the desired image plane orientation. The volume image display method, termed projection imaging, involves the numerical projection of the volume picture elements (voxels) of the three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction onto a plane to form a two-dimensional projection image. For X-ray CT, these projections are analagous to, and appear very much like, conventional radiographs. The volume image is seen in three dimensions by appropriately viewing stereo-pair projections of the volume formed from viewpoints that are 2 to 8 degrees apart. The display of the 3-D reconstruction as a volume image eliminates the need for the observer to mentally reconstruct the spatial relationships of the oblique section to anatomic features within the volume. PMID- 7320297 TI - Case report. Atypical findings in adrenoleukodystrophy. AB - Computed tomography (CT) in a child with typical clinical and biochemical features of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) revealed striking pathologic enhancement in the centra semiovalia, posterior corpus callosum, and corticospinal tracts within the internal capsules, cerebral peduncles, and basis pontis. Central calcifications were detected within otherwise typical symmetrical low attenuation lesions in the periatrial white matter. These findings further expand the spectrum of CT abnormalities in ALD and may represent a link between the recently described Type 1 and Type 11 CT patterns. PMID- 7320298 TI - Case report. Multiple sclerosis: large plaque causing mass effect and ring sign. PMID- 7320299 TI - Case report. Transient cerebral ischemia as a manifestation of ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst. AB - Transient cerebral ischemia was the initial manifestation of a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst in a young adult male. The ischemia could have resulted from vasospasm caused by release of the contents of the dermoid cyst into the subarachnoid space or from other local effects of the tumor. The role of computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with transient cerebral ischemia is discussed. PMID- 7320301 TI - Case report. Neurolemmoma in lumbar intervertebral foramen. PMID- 7320302 TI - Case report. Crohn's disease causing hydronephrosis. PMID- 7320300 TI - Case report. Aneurysmal dilatation of the galenic venous system caused by a dural arteriovenous malformation. PMID- 7320304 TI - Case report. Circumaortic left renal vein. AB - Although computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of the inferior vena cava may mimic lymphadenopathy, careful appraisal of the vascular anatomy can diagnose major vascular anomalies by noninvasive techniques, eliminating the need for angiography as well as alerting our surgical colleagues of the benign nature of this entity. We document the first case of circumaortic renal vein by CT, discuss the CT appearance, and review its clinical significance. PMID- 7320303 TI - Case report. Renal echinococcosis. PMID- 7320306 TI - Case report. Vena cava anomalies simulating adenopathy on computed tomography. PMID- 7320305 TI - Case report. Left-sided inferior vena cava with hemiazygos continuation. PMID- 7320307 TI - Case report. Aortic aneurysm presenting as psoas enlargement. AB - We present a case of abdominal aortic aneurysm in which erosion and bleeding into the psoas muscle caused enlargement of that structure but remained confined within it until needle biopsy produced communication with the extraperitoneal space. This confirms the observation that separate compartmentalization of retrofascial and extraperitoneal spaces normally maintains. PMID- 7320308 TI - Technical note. Use of CT in the placement of heat monitoring thermocouples for hyperthermia therapy. AB - In 12 cancer patients undergoing hyperthermia therapy, computed tomography (CT) was used for placement of thermocouples within the tumoral tissue. Tumors were located in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. Computed tomography provided accurate angulation of the introduction angiocatheter as well as the ability to choose the shortest and safest path. The cross-sectional display was especially helpful in placing the heat monitoring thermocouple within the active part of the tumor rather than a necrotic portion. It is our opinion that CT is superior to fluoroscopy in this regard. PMID- 7320309 TI - Citric acid concentration in subclinical mastitic milk. AB - The effect of subclinical mastitis on the citric acid concentration of cow's milk was studied by comparing milk from the mastitic quarter with that from a healthy quarter of the same udder. Forty-two pairs of fore-milk from the morning milking of 17 cows were examined and the citric acid content was measured by an automated carboxylic acid analyzer. The citric acid concentration deceased in subclinical mastitic milk and the extent of decrease was proportional to the degree of mastitis as expressed by the quarter difference value in concentration of Na + Cl in mM/l, i.e. the increase in the Na and Cl concentrations in the abnormal milk over that found in normal milk from the same udder. The correlation coefficient between the quarter difference value of Na + Cl and the value for citric acid was -0.77, (d.f. = 46, P less than 0.001) and a linear regression equation was obtained. The result showed clearly that subclinical mastitis is one of the causes of variation in the citric acid content of cow's milk. The quantitative change in citric acid concentration in subclinical mastitic milk is discussed with reference to the admixture theory for the formation of abnormal milk. PMID- 7320310 TI - Retained placenta of Holstein cows treated with selenium and vitamin E. PMID- 7320311 TI - Modified excised teat model for laboratory screening of teat dips. AB - Because of numerous indigenous microorganisms on excised teats that interfere with enumeration of challenge cultures on nonselective media, a series of experiments used various physical and chemical treatments to reduce overall numbers. Physical treatments of teats included autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 15 min, boiling in distilled water for 10 min, and heating by microwaves for 2 min. Chemical treatments included exposing teats to various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, iodophor disinfectant, and combinations of the three. All treatments were unsuitable. Selective and differential media were screened for their ability to restrict bacterial contamination from excised teats while maintaining good recovery of Streptococcus agalactiae. Edwards and NPC agars were superior for recovery of S. agalactiae. Four methods for recovery of S. agalactiae from excised teats were evaluated. Hand agitation of teats in neutralizer and stomaching teats in neutralizer were equally superior to swabbing teats and rinsing teats with neutralizer expelled from a syringe. Studies of elapsed time demonstrated that 1 min or less between challenge exposure and teat dip exposure was just as suitable and more expedient than 5 min. PMID- 7320312 TI - Compliance with the new Food and Drug Administration regulations: an approach by industry. AB - Good Laboratory Practice regulations became effective on June 20, 1979. The regulations provide guidance for the proper conduct and reporting of nonclinical laboratory studies on articles regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration. A fundamental requirement of the regulations is the establishment of a quality assurance unit within each research facility to ensure the utilization and maintenance of good laboratory practices. A second significant feature is the requirement for an archival unit responsible for maintaining all raw data, documentation, protocols, specimens, and final reports. Experience with the regulations has been mixed. The quality of reports has been upgraded dramatically. Protocols contain more information than ever, data recording is more extensive and more carefully executed, and reports are prepared more carefully and edited more thoroughly. Conversely, there is no real evidence that quality of science has been improved, and costs have increased markedly. PMID- 7320313 TI - Impact of new Food and Drug Administration regulations on college, university, and experiment station researchers. AB - The Good Laboratory Practice regulations adopted by the Food and Drug Administration describe specific procedures to assure the integrity of the research results. Those studies conducted with the intent to provide data on the safety of drugs and chemicals will be required to comply with the published relations. The process of bringing research laboratories into compliance with the regulations may be either arduous or fairly routine depending on the organization, goals, and type of research. Typically, the Good Laboratory Practice regulations will increase sharply the cost of health safety information. Hiring more and better trained technical and professional personnel will be much of this expense. If university and experiment station researchers choose to avoid compliance with these regulations, then agricultural research science may not continue to be recognized as an authority on the safety of products used for production of human food. Irrespective of whether universities choose to conduct regulated research or delegate this role to other segments of society, academic institutions must assume the role of training those individuals needed to conduct toxicity research. PMID- 7320314 TI - Control of the lone star tick in Oklahoma parks through vegetative management. PMID- 7320315 TI - Relative activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, trichoplusia ni, Heliothis zea, and Heliothis virescens. PMID- 7320316 TI - Effects of the sheep scab mite on cumulative weight gains in cattle. PMID- 7320317 TI - Control of ticks systemically with Merck MK-933, an avermectin. PMID- 7320318 TI - Acaricide susceptibility in the lone star tick: assay techniques and baseline data. PMID- 7320319 TI - Susceptibility of the Cayenne tick to acaricides. PMID- 7320320 TI - Further observations on the link between learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency. PMID- 7320321 TI - Multivariate cognitive performance levels and response styles among paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. PMID- 7320322 TI - Family characteristics, childhood symptoms, and adult outcome in schizophrenia. PMID- 7320323 TI - Self-reinforcement and recall: differential deficits in depressed and nondepressed psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 7320324 TI - Cognitive activity and suggestions for analgesia in the reduction of reported pain. PMID- 7320325 TI - Factors related to the psychological impacts of rape on the victim. PMID- 7320326 TI - The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology. I. A method for deriving prototypes. PMID- 7320327 TI - The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology: 2. Clarifying disagreement in psychiatric judgments. PMID- 7320328 TI - A self-awareness model of the causes and effects of alcohol consumption. PMID- 7320329 TI - The effects of presleep stress on sleep-onset insomnia. PMID- 7320330 TI - Phenomenology of sleep among insomniacs and good sleepers: wakefulness experience when cortically asleep.